Òwèrè

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      <text bytes="14124" sha1="t6t0v9eh48f149mw8t7javufs3o5nvv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CITY SCAPE, OWERRI.jpg|thumb|Òwèrè]]
'''Owerri''' ''{{Audio|Ig-Owerri.ogg|(Mkpọpụta)}}'' ( /oʊ ˈ wër i / oh-Way-Ray, Igbo  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Harmonization and standardization of Nigerian languages|first=Francis O.|author=Egbokhare|publisher=CASAS|year=2002|isbn=1-919799-70-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ isi obodo [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Imo Steeti]] na [[Naijiria]], nke dị na etiti [[Igboland|ala Igbo]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9057801|date=2007-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa obodo kasị ukwuu na steeti ahụ, Orlu, [[Okigwe]] na [[Ohaji/Egbema]] nke sochiri ya bụ Owerri nwere mpaghara ọchịchị atọ gụnyere [[Owerri Municipal]], Owerri ugwu na [[Owerri west|Owerri ọdịda anyanwụ.]] o nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị otu nde, puku narị anọ na otu, narị asatọ na iri asaa na atọ dị ka nke afọ 2016 ma dị ihe dịka otu narị square kilometres sq mi irí anọ na mpaghara. Ókèala Owerri n'akụkụ [[osimiri Otamiri]] n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ yana [[Nworie River|osimiri Nworie]] n'akụkụ ndịda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Water+quality+studies+of+Nworie+River+in+Owerri,+Nigeria.-a0199604520|title=Water quality studies of Nworie River in Owerri, Nigeria|author=Alex D.W. Acholonu|publisher=Mississippi Academy of Sciences|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu Owerri bụ ''Heartland''. A na-akpọkwa ya Las Vegas nke Afrika, n'ihi ndụ abalị nke obodo ahụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, nkwari na ogige ntụrụndụ na obodo niile.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Owerri tọrọ ntọala na narị afọ nke iri na anọ O.A. site n'aka Ekwem Oha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oblong HO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Duruebube|title=History of Owerri and its Origin|url=https://oblongmedia.net/2017/05/18/history-of-owerri-and-its-origin/comment-page-1/|work=Oblong Media Unlimited|accessdate=1 September 2023|language=en|date=18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Owerri bụ nke ikpeazụ n'ime isi obodo atọ nke [[Bịafra|Republic of Biafra]] n'afọ 1969. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Owerri by Imo State - OnlineNigeria.com|url=https://onlinenigeria.com/cities/ad.php?blurb=25|accessdate=2022-02-14|work=onlinenigeria.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103035246/https://onlinenigeria.com/cities/ad.php?blurb=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nọgidere na-ebugharị isi obodo nke steeti nkewa ka ndị agha Naijiria weghaara isi obodo ochie. [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]] na [[Umuahia]] bụ isi obodo ndị ọzọ tupu Owerri. Owerri nke oge a nwere ụfọdụ ihe oyiyi na-echeta agha ahụ, ọkachasị n'ebe ndị a tụrụ bọmbụ siri ike, mana ọtụtụ ihe agha na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Umuahia, Abia State. N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2021, a gbapụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ìgwè na Owerri, ebe a tọhapụrụ ndị mkpọrọ dị otu puku, narị asatọ na iri anọ na anọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-06|title=Mayhem in Owerri: Armed men burn prison, free 1,844 inmates, bomb Police HQ|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/mayhem-in-owerri-armed-men-burn-prison-free-1844-inmates-bomb-police-hq/|accessdate=2022-02-14|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ebo ebubo na ọ bụ ndị Nche Netịwọkụ Ọwụwa Anyanwụ kpatara mwakpo ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Na IPOB, ESN members attack Imo Police Headquarters, Nigerian Correctional Service- Police|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-56636693|accessdate=2022-02-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njem na azụmahịa ==
[[Usòrò:Roundabout_Owerri.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ebe a na-agba gburugburu na Owerri]]
Owerri nwere ọdụ ụgbọ elu dị kilomita iri abụo na atọ 14 mi irí na anọ n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ, na-akpọ ọdụ ụgbọ elu Imo, nke dị na okpúru ọchịchị ime obodo Obiangwu, [[Ngor Okpala]]. Ọdụ ụgbọ elu (Sam Mbakwe Airport) na-enye ọrụ ụgbọ elu na [[Abuja]], Legọsị́, Port Harcourt, na [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]]. Ugbu a, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye ọzọ maka Port Harcourt. Sam Mbakwe (Imo) International Cargo Airport bụzi International Cargo Airports. Ụfọdụ okporo ụzọ ndị isi na-agafe obodo ahụ bụ [[Ugwu Ọcha|okporo ụzọ Port Harcourt , okporo ụzọ]] Aba ., [[Onịchạ|okporo ụzọ Onicha ha]] na okporo ụzọ Okigwe . Okporo ụzọ dị n'ime obodo ahụ gụnyere okporo ụzọ Douglas, okporo ụzọ Weatheral , okporo ụzọ Tetlow, yana okporo ụzọ Works . Ahịa enyemaka bụ isi ahịa dị na Owerri mgbe e bibichara Ekewu Uk Owere.

Owerri na-anọdụ n'Oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo ma na-emepụta ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ugbo, dị ka [[Jí|ji]], Akpụ, [[Ede|taro]], ọka, [[Rubber sitere n'okike|rọba]] na nkwụ. Owerri na-anọdụkwa na nnukwu Mmanụ ala gasị dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ala Igbo.

== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==
Owerri nwere ihu igwe mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ dịka usoro Köppen-Geiger si dị. Mmiri na-ezo maka ọtụtụ ọnwa n'afọ na oge ọkọchị dị mkpirikpi. [[Harmattan|Ụgụrụ]] na-emetụta obodo ahụ n'oge mmalite nke oge ọkọchị ma ọ naghị apụta ìhè karịa n'obodo ndị ọzọ dị na Naịjirịa. Nkezi okpomọkụ bụ iri abụo na isii maraụma anọ°C.&amp;nbsp;{{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=yes|single line=yes|location=Owerri (1991–2020)|Jan record high C=37.9|Feb record high C=40|Mar record high C=39|Apr record high C=38.5|May record high C=36|Jun record high C=35|Jul record high C=33.6|Aug record high C=34|Sep record high C=34|Oct record high C=37|Nov record high C=37|Dec record high C=37|year record high C=40.0|Jan high C=33.8|Feb high C=34.9|Mar high C=34.2|Apr high C=33.3|May high C=32.3|Jun high C=30.8|Jul high C=29.4|Aug high C=29.2|Sep high C=30.1|Oct high C=31.2|Nov high C=32.8|Dec high C=33.7|year high C=32.1|Jan mean C=27.9|Feb mean C=29.2|Mar mean C=29.1|Apr mean C=28.6|May mean C=27.8|Jun mean C=26.9|Jul mean C=26.1|Aug mean C=26.0|Sep mean C=26.5|Oct mean C=27.1|Nov mean C=28.2|Dec mean C=27.9|year mean C=27.6|Jan low C=21.9|Feb low C=23.6|Mar low C=24.1|Apr low C=23.9|May low C=23.4|Jun low C=23.1|Jul low C=22.8|Aug low C=22.7|Sep low C=22.8|Oct low C=23.0|Nov low C=23.5|Dec low C=22.1|year low C=23.1|Jan record low C=5|Feb record low C=13|Mar record low C=15.6|Apr record low C=19.6|May record low C=19|Jun record low C=17.2|Jul record low C=17|Aug record low C=15|Sep record low C=17.4|Oct record low C=19.5|Nov record low C=17|Dec record low C=10.5|year record low C=5.0|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=18.2|Feb precipitation mm=44.0|Mar precipitation mm=98.7|Apr precipitation mm=171.3|May precipitation mm=273.2|Jun precipitation mm=314.1|Jul precipitation mm=361.5|Aug precipitation mm=341.1|Sep precipitation mm=380.7|Oct precipitation mm=256.4|Nov precipitation mm=58.5|Dec precipitation mm=10.4|year precipitation mm=2328.2|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=1.2|Feb precipitation days=2.7|Mar precipitation days=6.0|Apr precipitation days=9.7|May precipitation days=14.1|Jun precipitation days=15.5|Jul precipitation days=20.1|Aug precipitation days=19.8|Sep precipitation days=20.0|Oct precipitation days=16.0|Nov precipitation days=4.5|Dec precipitation days=0.7|year precipitation days=130.3|Jan humidity=75.1|Feb humidity=79.2|Mar humidity=85.6|Apr humidity=87.7|May humidity=88.9|Jun humidity=90.2|Jul humidity=90.4|Aug humidity=89.9|Sep humidity=90.8|Oct humidity=90.2|Nov humidity=86.4|Dec humidity=78.0|year humidity=86.0|source=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;WMONormals&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/Owerri_65252.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Owerri
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Mmụta ==

=== Mahadum / ụlọ ọrụ tachiari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Schools in Owerri, Nigeria - List of Schools Nigeria|url=https://www.businesslist.com.ng/category/schools/city:owerri|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.businesslist.com.ng|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ===

* Mahadum sayensị na teknụzụ Afrịka (AIST CCE Owerri) 
* [[Federal Polytechnic, Nekede]]
* [[Federal University of Technology Owerri|Mahadum Nkà na Ụzụ Federal Owerri]]
* [[Imo State University|Mahadum steeti Imo]]

* [[Federal College of Land Resources, Oforola]]
* [[Government Technical college Owerri|Kọleji Nkà na ụzụ gọọmentị Owerri]]
* [[Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo|Imo State Polytechnic, Umu Umu Umu Umu]]
* Owerri MSME Business School Aladinma Ụlọ obibi, Owerri
* [[Seat of Wisdom Seminary Owerri|Oche nke Amamihe Seminar Owerri]]

=== Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị / ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Schools in Owerri, Nigeria - List of Schools Nigeria|url=https://www.businesslist.com.ng/category/schools/city:owerri|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.businesslist.com.ng|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ===

* Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Fedural gọọment, Owerri 

* [[Army Day Secondary School, Obinze]]
* [[Christ the King Secondary School, Obike]]
* [[Community Secondary School, Oforola]], Owerri
* [[Development Secondary School Owerri]]
* [[Emmanuel College Owerri]]
* [[Government Secondary School Owerri]]
* [[Holy Ghost College Owerri]]
* [[Madonna Model Secondary School, Owerri]]
* [[Methodist High School, Owerri]]
* [[Obube Comprehensive Secondary School]] (Egbelu Obube)
* [[Obube Secondary School]]
* [[Owerri Girls Secondary School]]
* [[Pearlville Secondary School]].
* Our Lady of Mount Carmel College Emekuku, Owerri {{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

== Nri ==
Otu nri dị mkpa nke ndị Owerri maara dị ka ofe owerri (ofe pụtara ofe, ebe Owerri bụ isi obodo Imo steeti). A na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ eze ofe na ụfọdụ obodo Igbo, a na-eji ụmụ nwanyị mara mma tụnyere Ofe Owerri mgbe ụfọdụ. Ihe ndị a na-etinye na ofe ahụ, gụnyere ejule, akpụkpọ ehi kpọrọ nkụ, Anụ ewu, okporoko azụ̀ a mịrị amị, azụ̀ kpọrọ nkụ, oporo (ụgbụgbọ a mịrị apị), ahịa a mịrị n'ala, ogili akwụkwọ (soya beans), ose ndụ, ose a mkpọ, mkpụrụ uziza kpọrọ nkụ (Ashanti pepper), [[Cocoyam|ede]], [[Nmanu nri|mmanụ nkwụ]], akwụkwọ utazị a pịrị apị, akwụkwọ ọra eberisiri eberisi, akwụkwọ osisi ugwa a mịrị ata, akwụkwọ ụzịza eberisiri eberisi, achị.&lt;ref name=&quot;tribuneonlineng.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/64539/|title=Ofe Owerri|date=18 February 2017|publisher=tribuneonlineng.com|accessdate=18 February 2017|archivedate=28 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628232152/http://www.tribuneonlineng.com/64539/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwuregwu ==
Owerri nwere nnukwu klọb bọọlụ Naijiria: Heartland F.C. A maara ya n'oge gara aga dị ka Iwuanyawu Nationale, mana otu ahụ nọgidere na-akpọ aha njirimara ya: Ọtụtụ nde mmadụ Naze

. Ndị egwuregwu Supa Ịgụụ a ma ama sitere na owerri, ndị mmadụ dị ka [[Emmanuel Emenike]], Kelechi Iheanacho bụ ndị na-egwuri egwu maka nnukwu klọb ndị mba England dị ka Manchester City F.C. na Leicester City F.C.. C., onye bụbu Inter Milan, Arsenal, Portsmouth F.C., onye na-agba ọsọ na onye egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa [[Nwankwo Kanu]] amụrụ ma zụlite na Owerri. Ọ gara Holy Ghost College, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=HGCO e-Portal|url=http://portal.owarchsoft.net/hgco/|work=portal.owarchsoft.net|accessdate=2020-05-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị a ma ama n'obodo Owerri.

== Okpukpe ==
Iso Ụzọ Kraịst bụ okpukpe kachasị na Owerri. Ndị Katọlik na ndị Anglịkan nwere ndị na-eso ụzọ kachasị ukwuu ma Owerri bụ ebe obibi nke Assumpta Cathedral, oche nke Roman Catholic Archdiocese nke Owerri (Latin: Archidioecesis Overriensis) na oche nke Seminarị. Archdiocese na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke square kilomita puku abụọ, narị iteghete na iri iteghete na isii, narị isii na iri asaa, narị iteghete na iri asatọ na isii n'ime nde mmadụ dị otu mara ụma asaa nọ n'ógbè ahụ bụ ndị otu Chọọchị Katọlik. All Saints Cathedral, Egbu bụ Chọọchị Anglican nke mbụ na nke Kasị Ukwu na Owerri na ebe obibi nke mbụ Igbo sụgharịrị akwụkwọ nsọ.

== Ndị ama ama ==

* Obed Ariri, onye na-agba bọọlụ na onye na-egwu bọọlụ America
* [[Luchy Donalds]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri
* [[Chijindu Kelechi Eke|Kelechi Eke]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye guzobere emume Ogbe nka na ihe nkiri.(VILLAFFEST) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=VILLAFFEST set to light up Owerri|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/villaffest-set-to-light-up-owerri/|work=[[Guardian Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dallas-based film maker, Kelechi Eke brings VILLAFFEST to Owerri|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/dallas-based-film-maker-kelechi-eke-brings-villaffest-to-owerri/|work=[[Vanguard Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
&lt;gallery heights=&quot;100&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Freedom_Square_Owerri_Imo_State.jpg|alt=Freedom Square Owerri,Imo State|ogige nnwere onwe Owerri, Imo Steeti 
Usòrò:Freedom_Square_Owerri.jpg|ogige nnwere onwe Owerri
Usòrò:Statues_in_Hero's_Square_Owerri_Imo_State.jpg|alt=Statues in Heroes Square Owerri, Imo state|Ihe oyiyi dị na Ogbe Heroes Owerri, steeti Imo
Usòrò:Freedom_park_Owerri.jpg|alt=Freedom Park Owerri|Ogige Nnwere Onwe Owerri
Usòrò:Akachi_Monument,_Owerri,_Imo_State_Nigeria.jpg|alt=Akachi Monument, Owerri, Imo state|[[Ihe Ncheta Akachi]], Owerri, Imo steeti
Usòrò:Assumpta_Cathedral_Owerri.jpg|alt=Assumpta Cathedral Owerri|Katidral Assumpta Owerri
Usòrò:Otamiri_River_(3)_in_Egbu,_Owerri.jpg|alt=Otamiri River in Egbu, Owerri|Osimiri Otamiri na Egbu, Owerri
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ihitte Ogwa 

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Nigerian state capitals]]</text>
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      <text bytes="634454" sha1="q2a5kk3g1l4utoyd3uc1g4wpe64ab11" xml:space="preserve">Any Igbo translators for the Igbo Wikipedia? -- [[User:Stevey7788|Stevey7788]] 19:08, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

==[[Kurów]]==
Could they please write a stub http://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 18:13, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
:I wrote a short stub for you. Be warned: my writing Igbo is horrendous as I've never studied syntax save in my head. -- [[User:Kerowren|Iken]] 22:53, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

==[[User:YonaBot]]==
Could you guys indicate your acceptance so I could request the bot flag on meta? Thanks, [[User:Yonatan|Yonatan]] 22:15, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
:A [[Wikipedia:Request_for_Bot_status|request for bot status]] page has just been created. Perhaps you can add a request (and what the bot will do) -- [[User:Kerowren|Iken]] 01:09, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Kerowren|Request for adminship]] ==

Hey, if you guys could take a look at this and nominate me, that would be great. Thanks. -- [[User:Kerowren|Kerowren]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;([[User talk:Kerowren|talk]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Kerowren|contribs]])&lt;/sup&gt; 00:35, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

== Betawiki: better support for your language in MediaWiki ==

Dear community. I am writing to you to promote a special wiki called [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki Betawiki]. This wiki facilitates the localisation (l10n) of the MediaWiki interface. You may have changed many messages here to use your language in the interface, but if you would log in to for example the English language Wiktionary, you would not be able to use the interface as well translated as here. Infact, of the 1798 messages in the core of MediaWiki, 0 messages have been translated. Betawiki also supports the translation of messages of almost 80 extensions, with about 1050 messages.

If you wish to contribute to better support of your language in MediaWiki, as well as for many MediaWiki extensions, please visit [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Translating:Intro Betawiki], [http://nike.users.idler.fi/dev/?title=Special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup&amp;uselang=en create an account] and [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Betawiki:Rights request translator priviledges]. You can see the current status of localisation of your language on [[meta:Localization_statistics|meta]] and do not forget to get in touch with others that may already be [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Translating:Languages working on your language on Betawiki].

If you have any further questions, [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/User_talk:Siebrand please let me know on my talk page on Betawiki]. We will try and assist you as much as possible, for example by importing all messages from a local wiki for you to start with, if you so desire.

You can also find us on the Freenode [[w:en:Internet Relay Chat|IRC]] network in the channel #mediawiki-i18n where we would be happy to help you get started.

Thank you very much for your attention and I do hope to see some of you on [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Etusivu Betawiki] soon! Cheers! [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/User:Siebrand Siebrand@Betawiki] 15:15, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

*Currently only 0.62% of the MediaWiki messages are translated. Please help us help your language by localising MediaWiki at [http://translatewiki.net betawiki]. There is currently a program that sponsors the localisation of MediaWiki for up to EUR 200,- (for details check out betawiki). [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 07:52, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 0.66% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 21:34, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 0.57% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:12, 3 August 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 0.54% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 19:29, 8 September 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 0.52% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:31, 12 October 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 0.52% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fig recent localisation activity] for your language. There is a bounty program for the localisation of your language.. Please check the details at Betawiki. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:43, 10 November 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 0.51% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|Betawiki]]. This is the [[betawiki:Special:Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2F{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|recent localisation activity]] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 14:22, 14 December 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 0.51% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|Betawiki]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:17, 10 January 2009 (UTC)
:PS Please help us complete [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;task=untranslated&amp;group=core-mostused&amp;language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;limit=100 the most wanted messages]..

== The most often used MediaWiki messages ==
Hoi, the most often used MediaWiki messages (less than 25% of all MediaWiki messages) are the most visible messages. They help our readers and editors the most. We are aiming to get these messages localised for as many languages as possible by the end of the year. Please help us and yourself and localise [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;task=untranslated&amp;group=core-mostused&amp;language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;limit=100 these messages]. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 13:24, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

==The LocalisationUpdate extension has gone live==

The LocalisationUpdate extension is now enabled for all Wikimedia projects. From now on new localisations that become available in SVN will become available to your project within 24 hours. Your localisations get into SVN from [http://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net] typically within a day and at worst in two days. This is a huge improvement from the old practice where the localisations became available with new software. This could take weeks, even months.

The localisations done by our community at translatewiki.net are committed to SVN typically every day. When the system messages in English are the same as the local messages, they will now be inserted in a file and are available for use in all our projects in a timely manner

===What this means for you===
Local messages have an impact on the performance of our system. It is best when messages are as much as possible part of the system messages. In order to remove unnecessary duplication, all the messages that have a local localisation and are '''exactly''' the same as the system message will be removed.  What we ask you to do is to compare and proof read the messages in translatewiki.net and the local messages. You can then either remove local messages when the translatewiki.net message is to be preferred or, you can update the message at translatewiki.net. 

Messages that are specific to your project will have to stay as they are. You do want to check if the format and the variables of the message are still the same.

===Why localise at translatewiki.net===
When you localise at translatewiki.net, your messages will be used in all Wikimedia projects and eventually in all MediaWiki based projects. This is how we provide the standard support for your language. When messages change, at translatewiki.net you will be prompted to revisit your translations. Localising is more efficient because we have innovated the process to make you more efficient; there is text explaining about messages and we have applied AJAX technology to reduce the number of clicks you have to make.

==Translatewiki.net update==
*Currently 0.46% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:14, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
*Currently 0.46% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 11:53, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
*Currently 0.47% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 14:05, 7 December 2009 (UTC)
*Currently 0.46% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:34, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

*PS Please help us complete [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;task=untranslated&amp;group=core-mostused&amp;language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;limit=100 the most wanted messages]..
::Translation of this Wikipedia will now be maintained on &quot;translatewiki.net.&quot; -- [[User talk:Kerowren|Kerowren]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;([[User talk:Kerowren|talk]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Kerowren|contribs]])&lt;/sup&gt; 20:42, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
:::That is good news ... It will help every MediaWiki installation that uses the LocalisationUpdate extension :) [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:34, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

==How can we improve the usability for your language==
We expect that with the implementation of LocalisationUpdate the usability of MediaWiki for your language will improve. We are now ready to look at other aspects of usability for your language as well.  There are two questions we would like you to answer:
Are there issues with the new functionality of the Usability Initiative
Does MediaWiki support your language properly

The best way to answer the first question is to visit the translatewiki.net. Change the language to your language, select the “vector” skin and add the advanced tool bar in in the preferences and check out the new functionality. And make some changes in your user page. When there is a need to improve on the localisation, please make the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-ui-0-all necessary changes]s . It should update your localisation straight away. 
We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Usability_issues.

When there are problems with the support of MediaWiki for your language, we really want to know about this. It is best to report each issue separately. In this way there will be no large mass of issues to resolve but we can address each issue on its own. Consider issues with the display of characters, the presentation of your script, the position of the side bar, the combination of text with other languages, scripts. It is best to try this in an environment like the prototype wiki as it provides you with a clean, basic and up to date environment. The prototype wiki is available for five languages but you can select any of them, change the preferences to your language and test out MediaWiki for your language.

We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Language issues. The issues you raise will all be assessed. It is important to keep each issue separate, because this will make it easier to understand the issues and find solutions.

PS This text has been approved by Naoko, Brion and Siebrand. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:14, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

==2010 Fundraising Is Almost Here==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|left]] Hello Wikipedians, I am Theo and I am working for the Wikimedia Foundation during the 2010 Fundraiser. My job is to be the liaison between your community and the Foundation. This year's fundraiser is intended to be a collaborative and global effort; we recognize that banner messages which may perform well in the United States don't necessarily translate well, or appeal to international audiences. &lt;Br&gt;

I'm contacting you as I am currently looking for translators who are willing to contribute to this project by helping translate and localize messages into different languages and suggesting messages that would appeal to your readers on the Fundraising Meta Page. We've started the setup on [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 meta] for both [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages banner submission], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Banner_testing statistical analysis], and [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Committee grouping volunteers together].&lt;br&gt;Use the talk pages on meta, talk to your local communities, talk to others, talk to us, and add your feedback to the proposed messages as well! I look forward to working with you during this year's fundraiser. If someone could translate this message I would really appreciate it so that everyone is able to understand our goals and contribute to this year's campaign.&lt;br&gt; [[user:Theo (WMF)|Theo (WMF)]] 20:26, 20 Önwa Iri 2010 (UTC)

==Pending MediaWiki namespace changes==
There is a request to change the names of MediaWiki namespaces for the Igbo language. As this is a change that is hard to undo, we are looking for conformation from the community that this is what you want. The changes can be found in this [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/#patch,sidebyside,3318,1,languages/messages/MessagesIg.php &quot;Gerrit document&quot;]. 

We are looking for an answer by April 5th. Thanks, [[Ọ'bànifé:Gmeijssen|Gmeijssen]] ([[Okwu ọ'bànifé:Gmeijssen|talk]]) 09:54, 25 Önwa Atọ 2012 (UTC)

== Update on IPv6 ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') 

The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled.

What this means for your project:

*At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form &quot;&lt;code&gt;2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.)

*In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. 

*We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation.

Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration.

--[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] 01:04, 2 Önwa Isii 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --&gt;

== 2011 Picture of the Year competition ==

&lt;small&gt;[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]&lt;/small&gt; 

Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view!

Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]].

About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &amp;ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&amp;ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''.

From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. 

We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance.

See you on Commons!
--[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] 18:22, 5 Önwa Isii 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --&gt;

== Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

Hi,

As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led &quot;[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]&quot; (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]].

Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15.

--[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation 20:09, 19 Önwa Asaa 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --&gt;

== More opportunities for you to access free research databases ==

The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum.
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias.  There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias.  Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries.  There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]'''  is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries.  There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]].
You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors.  Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]].  Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]).  Go sign up :)  --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) 02:16, 16 Önwa Asáto 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --&gt;

== Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.''

The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. 

If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the &quot;request for comment&quot;, program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.)
 
Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]01:59, 6 Önwa Itolu 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --&gt;

== Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) 

As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them.

The project is divided into three phases and &quot;we are getting close to roll-out the first phase&quot;. The phases are:
# language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article)
# infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data)
# lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified)

It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. 

For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 13:23, 10 Önwa Itolu 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --&gt;

== Upcoming software changes - please report any problems ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
&lt;div dir=ltr&gt;
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code.  This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] &amp; [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]).

Please watch for problems with:
* revision diffs
* templates
* CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts)
* bots
* PDF export
* images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes
* the CologneBlue skin

If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]].  You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated.

Thanks!  With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster.

[[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) 02:58, 16 Önwa Iri 2012 (UTC)

P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]].

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --&gt;

== Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed ==

''Please translate for your local community''

Hello All,

The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :)
If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]&lt;br /&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 17:04, 17 Önwa Iri 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --&gt;

== Be a Wikimedia fundraising &quot;User Experience&quot; volunteer! ==

Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. 

I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)**

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!!

Thanks!

[[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

: Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 20:59, 8 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 331 --&gt;

== Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&amp;iso=20130122T17&amp;ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement].

If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

Thank you for your help and your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. 15:23, 19 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --&gt;
== Picture of the Year voting round 1 open ==
Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the 2012 Picture of the Year competition is now open.  We're interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the Picture of the Year for 2012. Voting is open to established Wikimedia users who meet the following criteria:

:# Users must have an account, at any Wikimedia project, which was registered '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC].
:# This user account must have more than '''75 edits''' on '''any single''' Wikimedia project '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. Please check your account eligibility at the [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=27 POTY 2012 Contest Eligibility tool].
:# Users must vote with an account meeting the above requirements either on Commons or another SUL-related Wikimedia project (for other Wikimedia projects, the account must be attached to the user's Commons account through [[meta:Help:Unified login|SUL]]).

Hundreds of images that have been rated Featured Pictures by the international Wikimedia Commons community in the past year are all entered in this competition. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons features pictures of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images into topic categories. Two rounds of voting will be held: In the first round, you can vote for as many images as you like. The first round category winners and the top ten overall will then make it to the final.  In the final round, when a limited number of images are left, you must decide on the one image that you want to become the Picture of the Year.

To see the candidate images just go to [[commons:Commons:Picture_of_the_Year/2012|the POTY 2012 page on Wikimedia Commons]].

Wikimedia Commons celebrates our featured images of 2012 with this contest. Your votes decide the Picture of the Year, so remember to vote in the first round by '''January 30, 2013'''.

Thanks,&lt;br /&gt;
the Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year committee&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered based on [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery]]. Translation fetched from: [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2012/Translations/Village Pump/en]] -- [[Ọbanife:Rillke|Rillke]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Rillke|talk]]) 23:52, 22 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

*Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website?
*Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding?
*Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals?

Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals.

The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information.

Thanks!  --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 20:31, 30 Önwa Mbú 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally.

[[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6.

=== What is Wikidata? ===
Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later.

=== What is going to happen? ===
Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

=== Where can I find more information and ask questions? ===
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

=== I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata ===
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]].

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 16:08, 21 Önwa Abụọ 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) live on this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

As I annonced 2 weeks ago, [[d:|Wikidata]] phase 1 (language links) has been deployed here today. Language links in the sidebar are coming from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. It'd be great if you could bring this to this wiki if that has not already happened. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 22:59, 6 Önwa Atọ 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0373 --&gt;

== Updating the logo for this wiki ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.png|thumb|New logo]]

Hello! As part of the update of Wikipedias logos to the new (2010) 3D puzzle globe version, we have noticed that your wiki's current logo is missing, outdated or with wrong translation. We are trying to help Wikipedias get a locally-adapted correct logo, by taking the technical difficulties on us, and in about a week from now we'll be replacing the current logo with the new one shown in [//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nemo_bis/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=92391038 this gallery, with explanation].
If the translation is wrong, or there's another error in the new logo, or the community disagrees with the update, please [[m:User:Cbrown1023/Logos|update the list of logos]] or tell us on its talk.
Feel free to translate this message and to move/copy/forward it where appropriate. Thanks, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 13:41, 11 Önwa Atọ 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0377 --&gt;

== Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)&lt;/small&gt;

Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called &quot;Lua&quot; is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates.

If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=20&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia &amp; America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=22&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa &amp; America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]].

If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. 19:59, 13 Önwa Atọ 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished.

'''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?'''
Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!)

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:chief executive officer}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2].

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 17:00, 5 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --&gt;

== [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]&lt;/small&gt;

Hello!

There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process.

We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity.

All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed.

Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] &lt;small&gt;(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)&lt;/small&gt; 04:49, 24 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed.

'''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?'''
You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now.

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:headquarter location}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.


We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together.
--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 19:09, 24 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --&gt;

== [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]].

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 03:44, 30 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --&gt;

== [en] Change to section edit links ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The default position of the &quot;edit&quot; link in page section headers is going to change soon. The &quot;edit&quot; link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it.

Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time.

[[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta.

Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links.

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 18:34, 30 Önwa Anọ 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --&gt;

== Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions ==

&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;&lt;big&gt;Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#268bd2;&quot;&gt;Tech news&lt;/span&gt;]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.&lt;/big&gt; ''Please inform other users about these changes.''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;
;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)''

* The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685]
* VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A new extension (&quot;TemplateData&quot;) was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7]
* The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] 
* The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4]

;Future software changes:
* The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the &quot;single user login&quot; (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html]
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called &quot;Flow&quot;, is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html].
* The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • 20:43, 20 Önwa Ise 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Important note:&lt;/span&gt; This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians.

'''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can  subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]].

You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] 20:43, 20 Önwa Ise 2013 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --&gt;

== Trademark discussion ==

Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]])
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --&gt;

== Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher.  Come and Sign up! ==

[[EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls.  I want to alert you to our latest donation.
*'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.
*Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''.  Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account.
*'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]'''
Cheers, [[EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:07, 16 Önwa Isii 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --&gt;

== Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) ==

My apologies for the incorrect link:  You can sign up for '''[[EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:42, 16 Önwa Isii 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --&gt;

== [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].—[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;font-family:Neuropol&quot;&gt;cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Chat]]&lt;sub style=&quot;margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Automation&lt;/sub&gt; 04:35, 23 Önwa Isii 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis.

Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 12:34, 4 Önwa Asaa 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --&gt;

== Pywikipedia is migrating to git ==

Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this.
[[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/21/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt; 13:20, 23 Önwa Asaa 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --&gt;

== VisualEditor and your Wikipedia ==

''(Please translate this message)''

Greetings,

The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language.
 
We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. 
If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process.

If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&amp;action=translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor here].  You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate.  This account is free and easy to create.

If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]].  You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki.  We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:04, 30 Önwa Asaa 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --&gt;

== HTTPS for users with an account ==

Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]].

If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the &lt;code&gt;#wikimedia-operations&lt;/code&gt; channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to &lt;code&gt;https@wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;.

[[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 19:13, 20 Önwa Asáto 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --&gt;

== [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]]

First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community.

The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the &quot;community logo&quot; (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission.

Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 02:36, 24 Önwa Itolu 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --&gt;

== [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] ==

[[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]]
''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)''

Greetings!  

[[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. 

We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve.  

There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked:
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]].  This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia.  You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link.
:*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]]

Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:43, 4 Önwa Iri 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --&gt;

== Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all, 

Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]].

This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo.

The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. 

We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community.  We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it.

Thanks, 
[[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] &amp; [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] 20:17, 8 Önwa Iri 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --&gt;

== Introducting Beta Features ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)''

We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone.

Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive.

Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013.

Here are the first features you can test this week:
* [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen
* [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages
* [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] —  make text more readable (coming Thursday)

Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]].

After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&amp;component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. 

Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future.

Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think!  [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:04, 5 Önwa Iri na otu 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])&lt;/small&gt;, 20:04, 5 Önwa Iri na otu 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --&gt;

== Call for comments on draft trademark policy ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all, 

The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy.

The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]].

We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation.

Thanks, &lt;br /&gt;
[[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] &amp; [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --&gt;

== Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]]

''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. 

Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects:
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) 
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel)

'''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! 

Hope to have your participation,

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual
Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 19:44, 28 Önwa Abụọ 2014 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:AKoval (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEG/MassMessageList&amp;oldid=7675744 --&gt;

== Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing,  we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 21:56, 13 Önwa Atọ 2014 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7592057 --&gt;

== Changes to the default site typography coming soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 
This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default &quot;Vector&quot; skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: 

* '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live
* '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live

This change is very similar to the &quot;Typography Update&quot; Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. 

For more information:
* [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]]
* [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions
* [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org

-- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Steven (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7990801 --&gt;

== Using only [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] for uploads ==

[[Image:Commons-logo.svg|right|220px|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! It was noted that on this wiki you have [[Special:Statistics|less than 10 local files]]. Presumably, you therefore don't have interest nor energies to have [[commons:Category:Licensing templates|hundreds templates]] with the [[mw:Multimedia/Media Viewer/Template compatibility|now required HTML]], even less a local [[m:EDP|EDP]]. However, this means that users here will experience a mostly broken and/or [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|illegal]] uploading.
I propose to
* '''have [[Special:Upload|local upload]] [[commons:Commons:Turning off local uploads|restricted]]''' to the &quot;{{int:group-sysop}}&quot; group (for emergency uploads) and
* the '''sidebar point to [[commons:Special:UploadWizard]]''',
so that you can avoid local maintenance and all users can have a functioning, easy upload interface [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-uploadwizard|in their own language]]. All registered users can upload on Commons and [[Special:ListFiles|existing files]] will not be affected.

I'll get this done in one week from now.
# If you disagree with the proposal, just [[m:User:Nemo bis/Unused local uploads|remove your wiki from the list]].
# To make the UploadWizard even better, please tell your experience and ideas on [[commons:Commons:Upload Wizard feedback]].

[[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 20:38, 19 Önwa Ise 2014 (UTC)
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== Media Viewer ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings, my apologies for writing in English.

I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future.

Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 21:29, 23 Önwa Ise 2014 (UTC)

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== Media Viewer is now live on this wiki ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]]

Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community,

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. 

Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already.

If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on &quot;Disable Media Viewer&quot; at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]].

Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español].

We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]]  ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) 21:54, 19 Önwa Isii 2014 (UTC)

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== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review  ==

Hello. A new policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, etc) was recently adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] (your community received a notice about the discussion). According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on smaller wikis. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the new [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]] here.

We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for more than 2 years):
#Kerowren (administrator)

These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards.

However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' 20:32, 1 Önwa Asaa 2014 (UTC)

== Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions ==

The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, &quot;superprotect&quot; status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it.

If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org.
* [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]]
* [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org]

-- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) 17:35, 21 Önwa Asáto 2014 (UTC)
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== Process ideas for software development ==

&lt;div class=”mw-content-ltr”&gt;
’’My apologies for writing in English.’’

Hello,

I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects?  We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well.

I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta.

Kind regards,
-- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] 22:15, 21 Önwa Asáto 2014 (UTC)

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== Grants to improve your project ==

:''Apologies for English.  Please help translate this message.''
Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. 
Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you.
*'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:51, 2 Önwa Itolu 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]]

VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update.  Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on.  If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org.  Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 07:29, 11 Önwa Itolu 2014 (UTC). 

PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor.
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== Meta RfCs on two new global groups ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, 

There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]].

We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated.

It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]].

Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) 18:05, 26 Önwa Iri 2014 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for:

*'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias:
**[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] 
**[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].23:19, 5 Önwa Iri na otu 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Global AbuseFilter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello,

[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]&quot;. Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]&quot; as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]].

Thanks,

[[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]&lt;/div&gt; — 17:34, 14 Önwa Iri na otu 2014 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books
*[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals
*[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs
*[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books

Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].00:22, 18 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
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== [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]]
Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment!

Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 22:33, 1 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 21:14, 2 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''&lt;br&gt;
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== Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content ==

This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31.

All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge!
:*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]]
''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:01, 4 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC)
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== Feedback request: VisualEditor's special character inserter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''I apologize for writing in English.  Please translate this message so that all of your editors can read it.  Thank you!''

Hi everybody, my name is Erica, and I am a Community Liaison at the Wikimedia Foundation. I'm writing to you because the [[:mw:Editing/Team|Editing team at WMF]] wants to know what you think about [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and its new {{int:visualeditor-specialcharacterinspector-title}} tool.  This change will affect all users on [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|about 50 Wikipedias]], including your Wikipedia.  Many editors at these Wikipedias need a special character tool to be able to write articles correctly, which is why we are asking you now.  

The new special character inserter tool is available in VisualEditor now.  Admins at your wiki can change the contents by following [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special characters|the directions at mediawiki.org]].
[[File:VisualEditor special character inserter March 2015.png|alt=Screenshot from VisualEditor that shows the special character inserter|centre|thumb|800x800px|New design for the special character inserter.  The red arrow points to the button for the tool, which is marked with Ω (omega).]]
'''To test the {{int:visualeditor-specialcharacterinspector-title}}''' tool''', please:'''
# '''Opt-in to VisualEditor''' by going to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] and choosing &quot;{{int:visualeditor}}&quot;.  Save your preferences.
# '''Edit any article or your user page''' in VisualEditor by clicking on the new &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab at the top of the page. See the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]] for information on how to use VisualEditor. 
# '''Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested''' at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback#Updated_special_character_inserter_tool_54649|the feedback thread on Mediawiki.org]].  The developers would like to know what you think about this new design.  It is important that they hear from as many editors as possible.   You may leave your comments in any language. 

When the special character tool has been refined a little more based on your thoughts, we will offer VisualEditor by default to all editors at ''this'' wiki.  If you want to help prepare, please read [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|the advice on mediawiki.org]].

Thank you, [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 18:33, 12 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC)

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== SUL finalization update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:45, 13 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor coming to this wiki ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless]]
''Hello again. Please excuse the English. I would be grateful if you can translate this message!''

&lt;mark&gt;[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''VisualEditor''']] is coming to all editors at this Wikipedia on Monday, March 30th.&lt;/mark&gt; {{int:visualeditor}} is software that allows people to edit articles without needing to learn wikitext code (like typing &lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt; to start a link). You don't have to wait until the deployment to test it; '''you can test {{int:visualeditor}} right now.''' To turn it on, select [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|&quot;Beta&quot;]] in your preferences. Choose &quot;{{int:visualeditor}}&quot; and click save.

Now, when you press the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; button to edit an article, you will get the new VisualEditor software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot;. (After the deployment, everyone will automatically have the option to use either VisualEditor or the current wikitext editor.) For more information about how to use VisualEditor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]]. 

More information about [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|preparing for VisualEditor is posted here]].
* It's easier to add templates if you've added [[:mw:TemplateData|TemplateData]] instructions to them. 
* Please help translate the pages about VisualEditor here and on MediaWiki.org, and its user interface. See [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|VisualEditor TranslationCentral]] for general information. To translate the user guide, go to [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select &quot;{{int:translate-tag-translate-link-desc}}&quot;. Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've done this, you'll see the document in English side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or change old translations.  To translate the user interface, you need to create an account at translatewiki.net. Contact me personally if you need help with that.
* We need your help to improve the software!  Please let us know if you find any problems. You can report issues in [[:phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. If you notice major issues affecting your project, please leave a note on my talk page.  If it's an emergency (like an unexpected bug causing widespread problems), reach out to James Forrester, the Product Manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org or on [[:m:IRC|IRC]] in the #mediawiki-visualeditor channel. 

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right;&quot;&gt;[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase 5 wikis|''Wrong target page? Fix it here'']]''  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Sign up for VisualEditor's multilingual newsletter]] &lt;/div&gt; 


Thank you, and happy editing! --[[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 19:38, 19 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== VisualEditor now active here ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[Image:VisualEditor - Icon - Help.svg|thumb|upright|Click this icon while in VisualEditor for a link to the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide|User Guide]].]]

Hello again (and again, apologies for using English on this page. Please do translate my message, if you can!).

As some of you have noticed, '''this Wikipedia now has [[:mw:VisualEditor|{{int:visualeditor}}]] (VisualEditor or &quot;VE&quot;) enabled for all users'''.  There are now two tabs for editing: &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot;. Click &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; to use VisualEditor. Click &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; to edit using wikitext markup.  

All edits using VisualEditor will be tagged with &quot;Tag:{{Int:visualeditor}}&quot; in recent changes, watchlists, and page histories.  To access the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide|User Guide for VisualEditor]], click on the &quot;(?)&quot; icon in VisualEditor's toolbar.  If you wish to disable VisualEditor, this can be done under [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;Editing&quot; in your preferences]].  

Please report any software &quot;bugs&quot; or errors you find at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|MediaWiki’s VisualEditor Feedback page]].  Translations for the user interface and its help guide are still needed: you can '''learn how to support your community with this and other tasks at [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE as the main editor|this instructions page]]'''. Please contact me if you need further help though.  Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|User:Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 15:09, 30 Önwa Atọ 2015 (UTC)
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== Stewards confirmation rules ==

Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know &amp; be able to participate. Best regards, --&lt;small&gt;[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]&lt;/small&gt; 16:13, 10 Önwa Anọ 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #2—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]


'''Did you know?'''
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source:


[[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results.  Click the green &quot;Insert&quot; button to accept its results and add them to the article:  


[[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


After inserting the citation, you can change it.  Select the reference, and click the &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu to make changes.

[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, each Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&amp;p1=224&amp;am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC).  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. 
=== Recent improvements ===
VisualEditor is now substantially faster.  In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%.

The Editing team is slowly adding '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias.  The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for each website.

Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates.  If you would like to request this feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki.

The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users.  After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March.  This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. 

Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Korean and Japanese.  These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] (&quot;IMEs”).  Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users.

The design for the image selection process is now using a &quot;masonry fit&quot; model.  Images in the search results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|&quot;packed&quot; mode in image galleries]].  This style helps you find the right image by making it easier to see more details in images.

You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appearance ​on the page.

The pop-up window that appears when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the &quot;context menu&quot;.  It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename.  The team has also added an explicit &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item.

'''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section headings.

Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to boolean value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instead. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734])

=== Looking ahead ===
The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki will also have the option of creating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].

The team is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors.  The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666])

=== Let's work together ===

* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback].
* Can you translate from English into any other language?  Please check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve&amp;suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language.  [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! 
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* File requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. 

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt; 19:48, 10 Önwa Anọ 2015 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] ==

''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.''
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]]
Greetings,

I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process.

This year, elections are being held for the following roles:

''Board of Trustees''&lt;br/&gt;
The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection.  There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]].    

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''&lt;br/&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''&lt;br/&gt;
The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis.  One position is being filled.  More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences  (200 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]'''  — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:12, 4 Önwa Ise 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]&lt;/small&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ig Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== Content Translation beta feature is now available ==
Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta feature on this Wikipedia. To start translating, enable the beta feature and go to [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page and create a new translation by selecting the source language, the article name and target language. If the article already exists then a warning will be displayed. After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Wikipedia. In case the article gets created by another user while you  were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]].

Since, this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but please do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99781 Phabricator] if you spot any problems that prevent you from using the tool. For more information, please read [[:mw:Content_translation#Try_the_tool|about how to use the tool]]. You can also view a [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm short screencast] on how to use Content Translation. My apologies for writing this announcement only in English. Please feel free to translate this message for wider distribution. Thank you. --[[Ọbanife:KartikMistry|KartikMistry]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:KartikMistry|talk]]) 17:52, 21 Önwa Ise 2015 (UTC)

== Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then &quot;Pywikipediabot&quot;) was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as &quot;rewrite&quot;, now called &quot;core&quot;) was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core.  If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a  [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem.

There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break.

Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;
The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor &amp; Francis]]'''  — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts &amp; Humanities and Biological, Environment &amp; Earth Sciences. (30 accounts)
*'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]'''  — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present.  (100 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts)
'''New French-Language Branch!'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts).
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) —  Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts).
* '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials  (1000 accounts).

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]&lt;/small&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor &amp; Francis]]'''  — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts &amp; Humanities and Biological, Environment &amp; Earth Sciences. (30 accounts)
*'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]'''  — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present.  (100 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts)
'''New French-Language Branch!'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts).
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) —  Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts).
* '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials  (1000 accounts).

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]&lt;/small&gt;
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== HTTPS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.

Hi everyone.

Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals.

[https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified.

Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions.

/[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:00, 19 Önwa Isii 2015 (UTC)
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== HTTPS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.

Hi everyone.

Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals.

[https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified.

Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions.

/[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 00:15, 20 Önwa Isii 2015 (UTC)
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== Please join the 2nd edition of the VisualEditor Translathon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo-pacifico.svg|right|200px]]
Hello! 

I'm pleased to announce the 2nd edition of the '''VisualEditor Translathon'''.

It is a translation rally, focused on interface messages and help pages related to [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]].
In order to participate, you need to '''[[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|sign up on the Translathon page]]''' on TranslateWiki.

The top 3 contributors will each win a Wikipedia t-shirt of their choice from [//store.wikimedia.org/ the Wikipedia store]&lt;ref&gt;You can choose between any short-sleeve shirt, or other items for the same value.&lt;/ref&gt;. 
Translations made between '''July 15th and July 19th''' ([//www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/cdt CDT time zone]) qualify&lt;ref&gt;This means both new translations, and updates for messages in the &quot;Outdated&quot; tab of the translation interface.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

If you are at [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania Wikimania Mexico] this year,  you are also welcome to join a related sprint during the hackathon in '''Workplace 1 - Don Américo, Thursday 16 July at 4pm (CDT)''' at the conference venue, so you can meet other fellow translators and [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hackathon#Hackathon_Day_2 get support if you need some].

Interface messages have the priority. You will need to create an account at translatewiki.net in order to work on them, if you don't have one. ''It is recommended to create the account ASAP'', so that it can be confirmed in time.

You can also help translate documentation pages about VisualEditor on mediawiki.org. You can use your Wikipedia account to work there.

You will find instructions, links and other details [[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|on the Translathon page]].

Thanks for your attention, and happy translating! &lt;br&gt;
[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 20:56, 13 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC)

&lt;references /&gt;
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== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:07, 24 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:32, 24 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:42, 31 Önwa Asaa 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:47, 1 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC)

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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12.

We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]].

A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how.

How to use it, once it is enabled:
* Parser function: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to get the capital from the item about Germany
* Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]]

Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:46, 3 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC)
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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

Hi everyone,

As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier.
Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] 13:32, 12 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Hello,

The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project.  Ways to participate:

*Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]].
*Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]].   
*Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]].
Feedback is welcome in any language.

With thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation.

([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt; 00:43, 19 Önwa Asáto 2015 (UTC)

== Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site ==

Hi all,

We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission.

Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/

Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog].

Thanks,

[[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) 18:13, 2 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC)

''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])''
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== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 20:52, 4 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 21:54, 4 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete 
* '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access &quot;clipping&quot; feature (1000 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development   (50 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' -  one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) 
* '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]'''  - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including  expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

:''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete 
* '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access &quot;clipping&quot; feature (1000 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development   (50 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' -  one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) 
* '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]'''  - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including  expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

:''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! ==

(Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.)

'''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline.  If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 21:01, 22 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC)
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== Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! ==

(Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.)

'''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline.  If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 23:59, 22 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC)
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== Reimagining WMF grants report ==

''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)''

Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated!  '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes|
A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available.

Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]].

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 16:57, 28 Önwa Itolu 2015 (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome.

The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on.

For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist.

While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. 

Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23.
 
We're looking forward to hearing your ideas!

&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech Team via [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:58, 9 Önwa Iri na otu 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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:
:Hi onye ọ bụla! Mgbaghara maka ikenye na English. Nsụgharị dị nnọọ welcome.

:The Community Tech otu na Wikimedia Foundation a lekwasịrị anya na-ewu mma curation na imeru ihe n'ókè ngwaọrụ n'ihi na ahụmahụ Wikimedia nnyemaaka. Anyị na-ugbu a malite a Community Wishlist Survey ịchọta kasị bara uru oru ngo na anyị nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na.

:N'ihi na-adọ 1 nke nnyocha e mere, anyị na-akpọ nile nọ n'ọrụ nnyemaka n'okpuru mkpirikpi amụma, na-akọwa oru ngo na ị ga-amasị anyị ka anyị na-arụ ọrụ na, na mere na ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa. Adọ 1 ga-adịgide adịgide maka izu 2. Na-adọ 2, anyị ga-ajụ gị ka ị na votu na amụma. N'ikpeazụ, anyị ga-nyochaa n'elu 10 amụma na ike a prioritized Wishlist.

:Mgbe ọtụtụ ndị nke a ga-ekenịmde ke English, anyị na-akpọ ndị mmadụ òkù ọ bụla na Wikimedia Wiki n'okpuru amụma. Anyị ga na-agba afọ ofufo nsụgharị aka ịsụgharị amụma n'ime English.

:Gị amaghị kwesịrị ịgụnye: nsogbu na ị chọrọ idozi, bụ ndị ga-erite uru, na a chọrọ ihe ngwọta, ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere otu. Ị nwere ike n'okpuru gị amaghị na Community Wishlist Survey peeji, na-eji ntinye ubi na nnukwu-acha anụnụ anụnụ bọtịnụ. Anyị ga-ịnakwere amụma maka izu 2, agwụcha on November 23.

:Anyị na-atụ anya ịnụ olu gị echiche!

Community Tech Team site MediaWiki ozi nnyefe

== Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details.

If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as &quot;ambassador&quot;''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members.

[[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] 10:47, 10 Önwa Iri na otu 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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:Nnọọ! Wikimania 2016 scholarships ga-adịghị anya na-emeghe; site na njedebe nke izu anyị ga-etolite kọmitii na anyị chọrọ enyemaka gị, ịhụ Ọkà Mmụta kọmitii maka nkọwa.

:Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ-akpachara anya nyochaa fọrọ nke nta a puku ngwa ke January, ị pụrụ ịbụ a zuru okè so na kọmitii. Ma, i nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ afọ ofufo dị ka &quot;nochite anya&quot;: ị ga-edebe ihe niile na kọmitii omume, hụ na ndị si asụsụ gị ma ọ bụ oru ngo jikwaa na-etinye maka a mfọn, ịsụgharị mfọn ngwa dere asụsụ gị iji English na na. Nnọchiteanya na-ekwe ka na-arịọ maka mfọn, n'adịghị so na Kọmitii.

:Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam

== Harassment consultation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}

The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.)
::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]]  
:Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]]
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] ==

''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.''

Hi everyone,

This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki.

As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators.

We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community.

Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible.

(Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.)

Thank you for your participation!

''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]]
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome.

We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted.

Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Support}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14.

The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think!

Community Tech via
&lt;/div&gt; [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:38, 1 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts
* [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish)
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''&lt;br&gt;
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.''

[[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]]

As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday!

People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts.

Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas:

* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message!

Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed.

If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]].

Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!&lt;br /&gt;
-The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 20:58, 18 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]]
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== Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th.  To apply, visit the page below:
:*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships]
[[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:49, 5 Önwa Mbú 2016 (UTC)
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== 2016 WMF Strategy consultation ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
Hello, all.

The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.)

Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]].

Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :)

If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org.

I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:06, 18 Önwa Mbú 2016 (UTC)
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== Completion suggestor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
== Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March==

Hello!

{{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos.

Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language.

To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about  [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.&lt;/div&gt; - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 7 Önwa Atọ 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}''

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. 

'''Non-English'''
*'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts.
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts.

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts.
*'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts.
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:30, 17 Önwa Atọ 2016 (UTC)


:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''
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== Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:47, 31 Önwa Atọ 2016 (UTC)
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== Server switch 2016 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas.
This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.
To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems.

They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.&lt;br/&gt;
On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.
We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT).

If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.
We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.
If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.
Then you should be able to save your edit.
But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.
Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.
If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.
Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April.
No non-essential code deployments will take place.

This test was originally planned to take place on March 22.
April 19th and 21st are the new dates. 
You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].
They will post any changes on that schedule.
There will be more notifications about this.
'''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 17 Önwa Anọ 2016 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia to the Moon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]].

This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:35, 21 Önwa Anọ 2016 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun ==

Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:31, 10 Önwa Isii 2016 (UTC)
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== Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]]

[[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]].

From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. Using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -&gt; Appearance -&gt; Languages''

The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]] or on this discussion thread. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English).

Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 07:04, 24 Önwa Isii 2016 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content!

Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 14:10, 1 Önwa Asaa 2016 (UTC)
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== Save/Publish ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”]. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you create a new page. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]

This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens.

If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”].

The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem.

Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. 

Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” and “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”.

Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested.
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 18:03, 9 Önwa Asáto 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &amp;ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &amp;ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &amp;ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &amp;ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &amp;ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:39, 30 Önwa Asáto 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! &lt;/div&gt; [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 Önwa Itolu 2016 (UTC)
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== Grants to improve your project ==

''{{int:Please-translate}}:''

Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit  before the October 11 deadline.  If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]]
*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 30 Önwa Itolu 2016 (UTC)
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== Creative Commons 4.0 ==

Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]].

''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 01:35, 6 Önwa Iri 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
*'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy
*'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities
*'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals
*'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals
*'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added
*'''[[:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence &amp; Security Studies collection
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:30, 1 Önwa Iri na otu 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Password reset ==

''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]''

We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords.

Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue.

In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords.

Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:00, 14 Önwa Iri na otu 2016 (UTC)
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== Adding to the above section (Password reset) ==

Please accept my apologies - that first line should read &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Help with translations!]&quot;. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:11, 14 Önwa Iri na otu 2016 (UTC)
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== New way to edit wikitext ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

'''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]].


We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it.

Consequently, we've planned a &quot;wikitext mode&quot; for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext.

All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to &quot;{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}&quot;.

The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do.

This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]].  You may write comments in any language.  Thank you.

&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --19:31, 14 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2016 (UTC)
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== Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. 

This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard.

The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far:

* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016)
** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016)
** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017)
** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017)
** Introduction of williamsworks 
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017)
** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017)
** Tracks A &amp; B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:31, 15 Önwa Abụọ 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017)
** Development of documentation for Tracks A &amp; B
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017)
** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017)
** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:43, 9 Önwa Atọ 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
: ''This message, &quot;[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]&quot;, was sent through multiple channels by  [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' 

Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians:

Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation.

There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: 

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). 

Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]].

This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years?

We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement.

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]]

Sincerely,

Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), &amp; the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 05:09, 18 Önwa Atọ 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]].

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].'''

Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members.

The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. 

* April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' 
* April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period'''
* April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions'''
* May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period'''
* May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking'''
* May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal'''

In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles:

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)'''
** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]].

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)'''
** One position is being filled.  More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]].

Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. 

More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 03:37, 7 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''.
On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:33, 11 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC)
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== Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android.  While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results.

We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago  to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism.

We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities.
As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks!

-[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 08:41, 14 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC)
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== New Page previews feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
New Page previews feature

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

Hello,

The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017.

A quick note on the implementation:

* For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page.
* For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview.
* For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. 

You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. 

Thank you, [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 19 Önwa Anọ 2017 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's''
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine

'''Expansions'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:52, 2 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''&lt;br&gt; 
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''.

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]&lt;/div&gt; 19:14, 3 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC)''
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== Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:41, 8 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC)
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== Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia ==

Hello,

I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary.

One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites.

The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. 

We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature.

We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes.

You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it.

Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding.

Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]]
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:44, 16 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg||{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}||150px]]
The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts.

You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you.

Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]]

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate.

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:09, 16 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]]
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].''

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments.

The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last.

* May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations'''
* May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period'''
* May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions'''
* June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period'''
* June 12–14 – '''Vote checking'''
* June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results'''

More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:05, 23 Önwa Ise 2017 (UTC)
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== Accessible editing buttons ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface.  The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets.

You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=1 new] versions now.  Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; caption=&quot;Comparison of old and new styles&quot; heights=&quot;240&quot; widths=&quot;572&quot;&gt;
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change
&lt;/gallery&gt;

However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets.  Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system.  &lt;mark&gt;If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts.  Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.&lt;/mark&gt;

This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''.  Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:23, 10 Önwa Asaa 2017 (UTC)
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== Page Previews (Hovercards) update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello,

A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. 

Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months.  We are finally ready to deploy the feature.  Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. 

Thank you again.
&lt;/div&gt;[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:33, 20 Önwa Asaa 2017 (UTC)
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== RfC regarding &quot;Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation&quot; ==

There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]&quot; 

Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have.

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]].

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:06, 17 Önwa Itolu 2017 (UTC)
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== Discussion on synced reading lists ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Discussion on synced reading lists'''

Hello,

[[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way.  

To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones).  This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. 
=== Background ===
In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow &quot;syncing&quot; of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. 

The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a &quot;must have&quot; for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow.

Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future.

=== Why not watchlists ===

Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways:
* Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes.
* Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. 
** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints.
* By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki.
* Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term.
[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. 

Thank you
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 20 Önwa Itolu 2017 (UTC)
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== New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers'''

The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]].

Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback.  The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued.

For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens.

The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 20 Önwa Iri na otu 2017 (UTC)
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== Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships ==

Hi all,

We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.'''

Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]].

To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply'''

It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages!

Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 19:24, 20 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2017 (UTC)
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== User group for Military Historians ==

Greetings, 

&quot;Military history&quot; is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]].

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:46, 21 Önwa Iri na abụọ 2017 (UTC)
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== AdvancedSearch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work!  &lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 Önwa Ise 2018 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool

'''Expansions'''
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment]
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 Ọnwaìse 2018 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Global preferences are available ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:19, 10 Ọnwaàsaà 2018 (UTC)
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== Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all,

I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look!

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 08:45, 12 Ọnwaàsaà 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== New user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all!

To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.)
A new user group, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt;, has been created.
Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.css&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.js&lt;/code&gt; that is either in the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt; namespace or is another user's user subpage).

You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]].

Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats).
This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment).

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 13:08, 30 Ọnwaàsaà 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now ==

''({{int:please-translate}})''

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,

as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the &lt;code&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt; ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug.

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:39, 27 Ọnwaàsatọ 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''.
On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 13:33, 6 Ọnwaìtoolu 2018 (UTC)
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== The Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Hey everyone,

The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can post technical proposals from now until 11 November. The communities will vote on the proposals between 16 November and 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. 

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 11:06, 30 Ọnwaìri 2018 (UTC)
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== Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]]

Hello,

In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct.

What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the &quot;Learn more&quot; link to get more information.

For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]].

If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:34, 13 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2018 (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey vote ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Hey everyone,

The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. 

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 18:13, 22 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2018 (UTC)
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== Advanced Search ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  
[[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:02, 26 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2018 (UTC)
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== New Wikimedia password policy and requirements ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]].

These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length.

These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2018 (UTC)
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== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. 

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February.

The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. 

The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.'''''

Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page.

To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]]

There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love!

Kind regards,

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Imagine... the sum of all love!
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:12, 27 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2018 (UTC)
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== Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta feature) has now been extended and enabled for users of this Wikipedia, with the inclusion of [[:en:Google_Translate|Google Translate]]. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles with Content Translation. To start using this service, please choose ''Google Translate'' from the ''Automatic Translation'' dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. 

Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Google Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. While machine translation exists to aid creation of content conveniently, we would like to emphasise that before publishing, the final content should always be reviewed to avoid errors and ambiguity. We hope that your wiki community will find this new service useful, and that it will help you create more articles in your language.

Wikimedia Foundation and Google have collaborated to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Google|an agreement]] that allows the use of Google Translate without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/GT|Google Translate translation services]]. You can also read the [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia main announcement on Wikimedia news]. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services.

We have tested the service for use, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into for other users of this Wikipedia. 

Thank you. -- On behalf of WMF Language team: [[m:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 16:15, 9 Ọnwam̀bụ 2019 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 Ọnwam̀bụ 2019 (UTC)
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== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:44, 16 Ọnwam̀bụ 2019 (UTC)
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== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 Ọnwaàbụọ 2019 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 Ọnwaàtọ 2019 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 10:56, 8 Ọnwaànọ 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] 08:03, 16 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 14:18, 21 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 Ọnwaìtoolu 2019 (UTC)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 07:18, 16 Ọnwaìri 2019 (UTC)
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== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 Ọnwaìri 2019 (UTC)
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== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 Ọnwam̀bụ 2020 (UTC)
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== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 Ọnwaàbụọ 2020 (UTC)
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==Urgent Help==
Please help us translate the text (in bold) to your language '''Join WPWP Campaign to improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win a prize'''. Thanks for your help. [[Ọbanife:T Cells|T Cells]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:T Cells|talk]]) 19:40, 7 Ọnwaìsiì 2020 (UTC)

== Invitation to participate in the upcoming WPWP Campaign ==

Hello Wikipedians, 

This is to invite you to join the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|WPWP Campaign]] to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign will run from 1st July 2020 to 31st August 2020. 

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards, 

Thank you, 

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 21:32, 18 Ọnwaìsiì 2020 (UTC)
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== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 Ọnwaàsaà 2020 (UTC)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
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== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:44, 2 Ọnwaàsaà 2020 (UTC)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
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== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:06, 9 Ọnwaàsaà 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
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== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:13, 6 Ọnwaàsatọ 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; 13:48, 26 Ọnwaàsatọ 2020 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 Ọnwaìtoolu 2020 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 Ọnwaìtoolu 2020 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}.

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 21:20, 29 Ọnwaìtoolu 2020 (UTC)
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== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 Ọnwaìri 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  17:10, 21 Ọnwaìri 2020 (UTC)
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== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:10, 5 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open!
This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors.
You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

18:09, 20 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)
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== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2021 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.'''

In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones.

We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]'''

We are waiting for your votes. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

00:52, 15 Ọnwaìrinààbụọ 2020 (UTC)
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== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:15, 27 Ọnwam̀bụ 2021 (UTC) 
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 28 Ọnwam̀bụ 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--12:57, 1 Ọnwaàbụọ 2021 (UTC)
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== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 Ọnwaàbụọ 2021 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 01:47, 2 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct agwa nke abụọ ==

[[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] nke a na-ewepụta akparamagwa ozuru ụwa ọnụ nke onye otu Wikimedia ọbụla ga na-akpa n'ọrụ Wikimedia niile. Ọrụ a nọ n'agba nke abụọ,ebe usoro mgbaso akparamagwa doro anya di. Ị nwere ike ịgụ maka ihe niile gbasara ọrụ a na [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|''''project page'''']]

===Otu kọmiti na-edepụta ihe: Akpọmoku itinye akwụkwọ ịchọ ọrụ/ihe===

Otu Wikimedia na-ewe ndị mmadụ n'ọrụ isonye n'otu Kọmiti ga -ahụ maka mmejupụta ezi akparamagwa ndị a. Ndị chọrọ iso n'otu a ga-etinye bido n'awa abụọ ruo awa isii n'ọrụ kwa izuka ọbụla bido n'ọnwa Eprel ruo Julai nakwa Ọnwa Ọctoba rue ọnwa Novemba. Ọdị mkpa na kọmiti a ga-anabata onye ọbụla bụ ndị nwere mmụta n'ọrụ dị iche iche, ma ndị chigoro ọzọ n'ọrụ Wikimedia nakwa ndị batara ọhụụ,ma ndị natara maọbụ kwenye,nakwa ndị eboro ebubo ụgha maka mkparị.

Itinye akwụkwọ na ịmụ usoro, Hụ [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting Committee]].

=== ịtụ alọ ndị kọmiti n'afọ 2021: Ọkwa na akpọmoku for ndi ga-arụ ọrụ n'efu/ndị ntụgharị===

Bido n'ọnwa Eprel dị na mkpụrụ ụbọchị ise wee ruo ọnwa Mee dị na mkpụrụ ụbọchị ise, A ga-enwe mkparịtaụka di iche iche banyere ọrụ Wikimedia dị iche iche etu aga-esi mee ka ọnye ọbụla dewe iwu a. Anyị na-achọ ndị ga-enyere aka tụgharia isiokwu, ebunuche nakwa inye aka iguzobe mkparita uka ndị n'asụsụ ha site na iji atụmatụ [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. Ọ bụrụ n'ị chọrọ isonye rụọ ọrụ n'efu biko [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] were asụsụ madsịrị gị mee nke a

Iji mụtakwuo mak ọrụ a nakwa mkparitaụka na-aga n'ihu, hụ [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code Of Conduct/2021 consultation]].

-- [[User:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SOyeyele (WMF)| okwu]]) 20:42, 5 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC)
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== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC)
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== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:08, 22 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC)
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== Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 ==

Hello there,

We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021.

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]].

Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query.

Kind regards,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]&lt;br/&gt;
Communication Manager&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Message delivered by [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:24, 2 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 1, June 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]].

You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;
* '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]])
* '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]])
* '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]])
* '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]])
* '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:05, 11 Ọnwaìsiì 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 Ọnwaìsiì 2021 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 2 ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 2, July 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the second issue of [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] News! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

If you haven’t already, please remember to subscribe [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to be notified about future editions of the newsletter, and also leave your username [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|here]] if you’d like to be contacted to help with translations in the future.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review''' -  Initial meetings of the drafting committee have helped to connect and align key topics on enforcement, while highlighting prior research around existing processes and gaps within our movement. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review|continue reading]])
*'''Targets of Harassment Research''' - To support the drafting committee, the Wikimedia Foundation has conducted a research project focused on experiences of harassment on Wikimedia projects. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Targets of Harassment Research|continue reading]])
*'''Functionaries’ Consultation''' - Since June, Functionaries from across the various wikis have been meeting to discuss what the future will look like in a global context with the UCoC. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Functionaries’ Consultation|continue reading]])
*'''Roundtable Discussions''' - The UCoC facilitation team once again, hosted another roundtable discussion, this time for Korean-speaking community members and participants of other ESEAP projects to discuss the enforcement of the UCoC. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Roundtable Discussions|continue reading]])
*'''Early Adoption of UCoC by Communities''' - Since its ratification by the Board in February 2021, situations whereby UCoC is being adopted and applied within the Wikimedia community has grown. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Early Adoption of UCoC by Communities|continue reading]])
*'''New Timeline for the Interim Trust &amp; Safety Case Review Committee''' - The CRC was originally expected to conclude by July 1. However, with the UCoC now expected to be in development until December, the timeline for the CRC has also changed. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#New Timeline for the Interim Trust &amp; Safety Case Review Committee|continue reading]])
*'''Wikimania''' - The UCoC team is planning to hold a moderated discussion featuring representatives across the movement during Wikimania 2021. It also plans to have a presence at the conference’s Community Village. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Wikimania Session|continue reading]])
*'''Diff blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about the UCoC on Wikimedia Diff blog. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt; --[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 16:16, 14 Ọnwaàsaà 2021 (UTC)

== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 Ọnwaàsatọ 2021 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021.

These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input.

Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities.

There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: 

:[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August)
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 14:00 UTC
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 15:00 UTC

Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].

Please let me know if you have any questions.&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:19, 17 Ọnwaàsatọ 2021 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end ==

Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board.

6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]].

Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better.

10:03, 2 Ọnwaìtoolu 2021 (UTC)
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== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)
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== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:01, 10 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 00:45, 11 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 03:03, 11 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Ọbanife:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Dušan Kreheľ|kwuo]]) 22:50, 29 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)

== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 Ọnwa iri na abụọ 2021 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--05:49, 11 Ọnwa mbụ 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 04:50, 22 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:38, 28 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 14:40, 14 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 14:28, 26 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:13, 29 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2022 ==

Dear Wikimedians,

We are glad to inform you that the 2022 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and contextual images. 

The campaign will run from July 1 to August  31, 2022 and several communities and Wikimedia Affiliates have already indicated interest to organize the campaign in their localities. Please find your community or community closer to you to participate: [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/Participating Communities|WPWP2022 Campaign: Participating Communities]].

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles that are lacking them. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this third edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ here on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]].

Best,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Ammarpad|Ammar A.]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
17:39, 31 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC)
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== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|kwuo]]) 16:12, 4 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.'''

We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022.

It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Top of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;A section of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
=== About the skin ===

'''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.]

'''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs.

'''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin.

* The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%.
* The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages.
* The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on.
* The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities.

'''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins.

=== How can editors change and customize this skin? ===

It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. 

=== Our plan ===

'''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Request for more time to discuss the change&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Update on Vector 2022 ==

[[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]].

We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one.

We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}}

The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually.

We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas!

The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows:
* Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023
* Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023
* Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023
* Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023

If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023!
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:59, 13 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
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== Movement Charter: End of the community consultation round 1 ==
Hi everyone,

On behalf of the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC), we would like to thank everyone who has participated in our first [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|community wide consultation period]] on the Movement Charter.

People from across the movement shared their feedback and thoughts on the content of the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. If you have not had the chance to share your opinion yet, you are welcome to do so by [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Content/Preamble|giving the drafts a read]] and filling out the '''[https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 anonymous survey]''', which is accessible in 12+ languages. The survey will close on '''January 2, 2023'''. You are invited to continue to share your thoughts with the MCDC via email too: movementcharter@wikimedia.org.

'''What’s next?'''

The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] will publish the final report with a summary of the feedback received in January 2023. It will be shared with the MCDC and the communities via different distribution channels.

After receiving the final report, the MCDC will review the suggestions and communicate the changes by providing an explanation on how and why suggestions were or were not adopted in the next versions of the drafts. There will be additional ways to engage with the Movement Charter content in 2023, including early feedback on a proposed ratification process and new drafts of different chapters in the second quarter of 2023.

We invite you to sign up for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Newsletter|MCDC monthly newsletter]], which will be delivered to the Talk page of your choice. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates|Monthly updates]] are available on Meta to stay updated on the progress of the MCDC.

Interested people can still sign-up to become a [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Movement_Charter_Ambassadors_Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassador]] (MC Ambassador) to support their community. MC Ambassadors Program will restart accepting applications from both individuals and groups ahead of the next round of consultations in the second quarter of 2023.

We thank you for your participation, time, and effort in helping to build the charter for our movement!

''On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee''

[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 10:15, 16 Disemba 2022 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 10:23, 24 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 21:20, 27 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Ndebata mmemme nnabata Wikimania 2023 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Ị chọrọ ịkwado nnọkọ mmadụ ma ọ bụ mebere na Wikimania 2023? Ma eleghị anya, ọgbakọ nke ozugbo, mkparịta ụka na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe na-atọ ụtọ, akwụkwọ mmado na-adọrọ adọrọ, ma ọ bụ okwu ọkụ na-agaghị echefu echefu? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Ntinye akwụkwọ na-emeghe ruo ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Maachị''']]. Ihe omume a ga-enwe ngwakọ ngwakọ raara onwe ya nye, yabụ a na-anabatakwa ntinye akwụkwọ na ọdịnaya edekọrịrị. Ọ bụrụ na i nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla, biko sonyere anyị na mkparịta ụka na-abịanụ na Machị 12 ma ọ bụ 19, ma ọ bụ nweta ozi-email na wikimania@wikimedia.org ma ọ bụ na Telegram. Ozi ndị ọzọ na-wiki.&lt;section end=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 21 Eprel 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are:

* Community members in good standing
* Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects
* Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type
* Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023
* Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations
* Confidently able to communicate in English

The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff.

The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 Eprel 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot; /&gt;
Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. 

We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now.

This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available.

You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them.

[[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 19:45, 11 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Selection of the U4C Building Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2023 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Dear Wikimedians,
[[File:WPWP_logo_1.png|right|150px|frameless]]
We are glad to inform you that the 2023 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and other relevant media files.

If you're interested in participating, please find your community or community closer to you to participate from the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/Participating Communities|Participating Communities]] page. If you're organizer, please add your community or Affiliate to the page.

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Kind regards,

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos International Team. 

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 23:25, 7 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the new Elections Committee members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello there, 

We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. 

Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. 

The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward.

Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]].

Best,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:23, 15 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Ohere dị maka Kọmitii Affiliation,Ombuds kọmitii,na kọmitii nke Case Review ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''Inwere ike ịhụ ozi a ka atugharịrị na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-Wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;/div&gt;

Ndewo onye ọ bụla! Ndị [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee| Kọmiti Mmekọrịta]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds Commission]] (OC), na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee| Kọmitii Nlebaanya Okwu]] (CRC) na-achọ ndị otu ọhụrụ. Ndị otu afọ ofufo a na-enye nkwado nhazi na nlekọta dị mkpa maka otu na njem. A na-agba ndị mmadụ ume ịhọpụta onwe ha ma ọ bụ gwaa ndị ọzọ ha chere na ha ga-atụnye aka na otu ndị a itinye akwụkwọ. Enwere ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ọrụ nke otu, nka ndị achọrọ, yana ohere itinye n'ọrụ na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''peeji Meta-wiki''']]. 

N'aha ndị òtù Kọmitii Nnyereaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Nnyochaa na nkọwa nke nchịkọba iwu nhọpụta Board of Trustees  Wikimedia Foundation nke 2024 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| Inwere ike ịhụ ibe ozi a ka atugharịrị na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki'''.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
 mmadụ niile, 

Biko nyochaa ma nye ntunye okwu gbasara nchịkọba  iwu nhọrọ Board of Trustees nke Wikimedia Foundation  site ugbu a ruo 29 Ọktoba 2023. Usoro iwu nhọrọ dabeere na nsụgharị ochie nke Kọmitii Ntuli aka ma a ga-eji ya na nhọrọ Board of Trustees nke 2024 . Inye ntunye okwu gị ugbu a ga-enyere ha aka ịnye usoro nhọrọ bọọdụ dị mfe, ma ka mma. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|gukwuo Ndị ọzọ na ibe Meta-wiki]].

Nke kacha mma

Katie Chan &lt;br&gt;
Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii ntuliaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

01:12, 17 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: Reference Previews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]]
A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years.  Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]].

Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget.

Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. 

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. 
* Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. 
-- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team,
&lt;section end=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland
&lt;section end=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''

Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.&lt;br&gt; 
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''

The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.

For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.&lt;br&gt;We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? ==

''Apologies for writing in English.''

The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references.

* The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here].
* Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch.
* [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]].
* Sessions will be held in January and February.
* [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.]
* Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment.

We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=25956752 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2024 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 07:26, 18 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

-- [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 07:26, 18 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Nkwupụta nsonaazụ nke UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka a tụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Ezigbo mmadụ niile,

Daalụ onye ọ bụla maka ịgbaso ọganihu nke Usoro ụkpụrụ omume zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ana m edegara gị akwụkwọ ozi taa ka m kwupụta nsonaazụ [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|votu nkwado]] na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. Ndị ntinye aka 1746 tụrụ vootu na ntuli aka nkwado a yana ndị 1249 na-akwado Charter na ndị 420 akwadoghị. Usoro nkwado nkwado nyere ndị ntuli aka inye nkọwa gbasara Charter. 

A ga-ebipụta akụkọ gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ ịtụ vootu na nchịkọta nkọwa ndị ntuli aka na Meta-wiki n'izu ndị na-abịa.

Biko na-atụ anya ịnụ maka usoro ndị ọzọ n'oge adịghị anya.

N'aha ndị otu UCoC Project,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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==  Nhọrọ Board of Trustees nke 2024 Wikimedia Foundation ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
: ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| Ị nwere ike ịhụ ozi a ka a tụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]]''
: ''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Mmadụ niile,

N'afọ a, ọkwa nke 4 (anọ) nke ngalaba otu - na Mgbakwunye-nhọpụta ndị nlekọta na Board of Trustees  Wikimedia Foundation ga-abịa na njedebe [1]. Ndị Bọọdụ na-akpọ òtù niile òkù ka ha sonye na usoro nhọpụta nke afọ a na votu iji mejupụta oche ndị ahụ.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Kọmitii Ntuliaka]] ga-ahụ maka usoro a site na nkwado ndị ọrụ Foundation [2]. Kọmitii na-ahụ maka nchịkwa ahụ mepụtara otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ  ọrụ Board site na ndị nlekọta ndị na-enweghị ike ịbụ ndị na-adọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ntuliaka na otu ngalaba -na mpaghara  nke ndị mmekọ ahọpụtara onye nlekọta nke Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins na Shani Evenstein Sigalov. [3]. Enyere otu a ọrụ inye nlekọta Bọọdụ maka usoro nhọpụta ndị nnọchi anya 2024, yana ime ka ndị Board mara ihe n'eme. Nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara ọrụ nke Kọmitii ntuliaka, Bọọdụ, na ndị ọrụ nọ ebe a [4]. 

Nke a bụ isi ụbọchị akwadoro:

*  Mee 2024: ịkpọ oku ndị chọrọ ịdọ ndọrọ ndọrọ na ịnabata ajụjụ
*  June 2024: Ndị mmekọ atụọ vootu iji nweta ndị ga-azọ ọkwa iri na abụọ (enweghị ndepụta aha ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ mmadụiri na ise  ma ọ bụ erughi bụ ndị tinyere akwụkwọ) [5]
*  Juun-Ọgọọst 2024: Oge mkpọsa
*  Ngwụcha Ọgọọst / mmalite nke Septemba 2024: Oge ịtụ vootu ngalaba otu izu abụọ
*  Ọktoba–Nọvemba 2024: Nyocha mmetụtara nke ndị ahọpụtara
*  Nzukọ otu Board na Disemba 2024: Ndị nlekọta ọhụrụ nọ nụ

Matakwuo maka usoro nhọpụta nke 2024 - gụnyere usoro iheomume zuru ezu, usoro nhọpụta, iwu mkpọsa, na ntuziaka ntozu ndị ntuliaka - na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|ibe Meta-wiki a]], wee mee atụmatụ gị.

'''Ntuliaka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo '''

Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi tinye aka na usoro nhọpụta 2024 bụ ịbụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe nnọchianya n'etiti kọmitii ntuliaka na ngalaba otu ha. Ha na-enyere aka hụ na ndị obodo ha nọchitere anya ma kpọkọta ha ka ha mee ntuliaka. Mụtakwuo maka mmemme yana otu ị ga-esi sonyere na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|ibe Meta-wiki]].

Ezi echiche,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Onye isi oche kọmitii ọchịchị, otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ nhọrọ bọọdụ)

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ dị mma bụ iri na abụọ maka ohere oche, usoro ntinye aha ga-akpalite ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe karịrị ntinye iri na ise ndị ​​na-apụta maka ntuliaka n'ihi na ndị otu ruo atọ na-ewepụ nwere ike iche na ọ bụ ndị a na-achụpụ achụpụ nakwa ọ ga-abụ nnukwu ọrụ maka nye Ndị mmekọ na-eme usoro ntinye aha iji kpochapụ naanị otu ruo mmadụ atọ na listi ndị a ga-ahọrọ.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:21, 25 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;Hello all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]].

We look forward to your participation!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 14 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

[[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]

Dear community members,

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. 

You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. 

You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language.

On behalf of the CAC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. 

We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** –
* Northern and Western Europe
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]]
* Latin America and Caribbean
** –
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
** —
* Sub-Saharan Africa
** –
* Middle East and North Africa
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]]
* East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP)
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]]
* South Asia
** –

The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]]
* –
* –
* –
* –

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:14, 3 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2024 ==

Dear community members,

We are inviting you to participate in the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 campaign, a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2024:

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation your language Wikipedia. We’d be glad for you to sign up directly at [[:meta:Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2024/Participating_Communities|WPWP Participating Communities page]] on Meta-Wiki.

Thank you,

[[:w:en:User:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]]  / readthebeans{{@}}gmail.com)&lt;br/&gt;
Project manager and coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024
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== Ndepụta ikpeazụ nke Wikimedia Movement Charter dị ugbu a na Meta ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka atụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Ndewo onye ọ bụla,

Ndepụta ikpeazụ nke [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] dị ugbu a na Meta n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri abụọ maka ọgụgụ gị.

'''Gịnị bụ  Movement Charter Wikimedia?'''

Movement Charter Wikimedia  bụ akwụkwọ atụpụtara iji kọwapụta ọrụ na ọrụ dịịrị ndị otu na ngalaba niile nke Wikimedia, tinyere imepụta otu ọhụrụ –  Global Council – maka ọchịchị Otu a.

'''Sonye na &quot;Mmemme Mwepụta mbụ&quot; nke Wikimedia Movement Charter'''

Soro [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Mmemme Mwepụta mbụ”]] na ''June 20, 2024'' na ''14.00-15.00 UTC'' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 oge mpaghara gị]). N'oge oku a, anyị ga-eme ememe mwepụta nke Charter ikpeazụ ma gosịpụta ọdịnaya nke Charter. Soro ma mụta maka Charter a tupu ịtụọ vootu gị.

'''Votu nkwado Movement Charter '''

Ịtụ vootu ga amalite na Securepoll na '''Juun 25, 2024''' na '''00:01 UTC''' ma ọ ga akwụsị '''Jụlaị 9, 2024''' na '''23:59 UTC.'''
Ị nwere ike ịgụkwu gbasara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|usoro ịtụ vootu, ikike ntozu, na nkọwa ndị ọzọ]] na Meta.

Inwe ajụjụ ọbụla, Debanye ozi gị na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] ma ọ bụ zigara ndị MCDC emailụ na [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org].

N'aha MCDC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Ịtụ vootu iji nabata Movement Charter Wikimedia  amalitela ugbu a - tụọ vootu gị ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka atụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Ndewo onye ọ bụla,

Ịtụ vootu iji nabata [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] amalitela ugbu a. Movement Charter Wikimedia bụ akwụkwọ iji kọwapụta ọrụ na ọrụ dịịrị ndị otu na ngalaba niile nke otu Wikimedia, gụnyere imepụta otu ọhụrụ – Council Global – maka ọchịchị Otu a.

Ndepụta ikpeazụ nke Wikimedia Movement Charter  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|adịla na Meta n'asụsụ dị iche iche]].

Ịtụ vootu ga amalite na Securepoll na '''Juun 25, 2024''' na '''00:01 UTC''' ma ọ ga akwụsị '''Jụlaị 9, 2024''' na '''23:59 UTC.'''
Biko gụkwuo gbasara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|usoro ịtụ vootu na nkọwagasị ikike ntozu ]] na Meta.

Ịgụchaa Charter a, biko [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''ie vootu ebe a''']] ma bawanye ikesa ederede a.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla gbasara votu nnabata, biko kpọtụrụ Charter Electoral Commission na [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org'''].

N'aha CEC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:51, 25 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Ịtụ vootu iji kwado usoro Nnabata nke Wikimedia Movement Charter na-akwụsị n'oge na-adịghị anya ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi a ka atụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Ndewo onye ọ bụla,

Nke a bụ n'udi ichetara gị na oge ịtụ vootu iji kwado nnabata [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ga-emechi na '''Julaị 9, 2024''', na '''23:59 UTC'''.

Ọ bụrụ na ị tụghị vootu, biko tụọ [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|na SecurePoll]]. 

N'aha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024.

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]].

In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]].

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.  

As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy.

The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: 

'''Individual vote:'''

Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333).

'''Affiliates vote:'''

Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111).

'''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:'''

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].  

With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''.

We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance.

The Charter Electoral Commission,

[[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 17:52, 18 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:46, 27 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:30, 6 Ọgọọst 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 23:19, 22 Ọgọọst 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:05, 2 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Nwee nkwuwa okwu gị: tụọ votu maka bọọdụ ndị nlekọta 2024! ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Ndewo nụ,

Oge ịtụ vootu maka [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees]] emegheela ugbu a. Enwere mmadụ iri na abụọ (12) na-azọ ọkwa maka nnọchiteanya oche anọ (4) na Board.

Mụtakwuo maka ndị na-azọ ọkwa nnọchiteanya site na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|ịgụ nkwupụta ha]] na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates | azịza nke ajụjụ ngalaba otu]].

Mgbe ị dị njikere, wee gaa na ibe ntụli aka [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] iji mee ntuliaka. '''Votu a na-emeghe site na Septemba 3 na 00:00 UTC ruo Septemba 17 na 23:59 UTC'''.

Iji lelee ntozu ime ntuliaka gị, biko gaa na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|ibe ntozu ndị n'eme ntuliaka]].

Yagazie

Kọmitii n'ahụ maka Ntuliaka Na Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 12:14, 3 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[Ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 18:57, 27 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== Mpụtaara mbụ nke ntuliaka Board of Trustees  Wikimedia Foundation 2024 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Ndewo nụ,

Ekene dịrị onye ọ bụla sonyere na Ntuliaka nke 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Ihe ruru ndị ngalaba otu nke 6000 sitere na ihe karịrị ọrụ wiki 180  tụrụ vootu.

Ndị nsonye anọ a na-azọ ọkwa bụ ndị a kacha tụọrọ vootu:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

Ọ bụ ezie na a họpụtara ndị a site na ntuliaka, a ka chọrọ ka a họpụta ha na Board of Trustees. Ha kwesịrị ịgafe nnyocha nke ọma ma mezuo iru ogo ndị edepụtara na Iwu. A ga-ahọpụta ndị nnọchiteanya ọhụrụ na nzukọ Board ọzọ na Disemba 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Gụkwuo gbasara mpụtaara a  na Meta-Wiki]]

Yagazie

Kọmitii n'ahụ maka Ntuliaka Na Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:07, 16 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:29, 22 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:11, 29 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 02:35, 29 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 02:35, 29 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Maachị 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:15, 14 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:03, 28 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].
&lt;/div&gt;

Biko kesaa ozi a na nye ndị ngalaba otu asụsụ gị n'asụsụ gị, dịka o kwesịrị, ka ha wee nwee ike isonye.

Na njikọ aka nke ndị Otu U4C &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Eprel 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|ṅkátá]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:26, 22 Mee 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Ntuliaka Nhọpụta ndị Otu nlekọta atụkwasara obi nke Wikimedia Foundation 2025 &amp; Òkù nnabata ajụjụ ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Ndewo Mmadụ niile,

N'afọ a, ọnụnọ  ugboro (abụọ) 2 nke ndị otu nlekọta atụkwasara obi ndị ngalaba otu- na ndị mmekọ-họpụtara  na Otu Bọọdụ ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi na Wikimedia Foundation ga-abịa na njedebe [1]. Ndị Bọọdụ na-akpọ òtù niile òkù isonye na usoro nhọpụta nke afọ a ma tụọ votu iji mejupụta oche ndị ahụ.

Kọmitii Ntuliaka ga-ahụ maka usoro a site na nkwado ndị ọrụ Foundation [2]. Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ọchịchị, nke ndị na-akwado ndị na-abụghị ndị na-azọ ọkwa n’usoro nhọpụta nke nhọpụta ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi nke ngalaba otu-na ndị mmekọ na ntuliaka  2025 mejupụtara (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra'a Al Shafei) [3], bụ ndị enyere  ọrụ nlebara anya nye ndị  Bọọdụ  maka usoro nhọpụta nke ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi 2025. Nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara ọrụ nke ndị Kọmitii ntuliaka, ndị Bọọdụ, na ndị ọrụ nọ ebe a [4].

Nke a bụ ụbọchị ndị akwadoro imepụta ihe ndị a:

* Mee 22 – June 5: Nkwupụta (nkwukọrịta a) na ịkpọ oku maka  oge ajụjụ [6]
* June 17 - Julaị 1, 2025: ịkpọ oku maka ndị na-aga ịzọ ọkwa
* Julaị 2025: Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ndị mmekọ ga-eme ntuliaka iji wepụta aha ndị ga-azọ ọkwa ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ iri ma ọ bụ karịa tinyere akwụkwọ [5]
* Ọgọst 2025: Oge nzisa
* Ọgọst – Septemba 2025: Oge ịtụ vootu ndị ngalaba otu izu abụọ
* Ọktoba – Nọvemba 2025: Nnyocha ndabere nke ndị ahọpụtara
* Nzukọ Bọọdụ na Disemba 2025: Ndị nlekọta ọhụrụ ewerela ọnọdụ

Matakwuo maka usoro nhọpụta nke 2025 - tinyere usoro ihe omume zuru ezu, usoro ịdebanye aha, iwu nzisa, na iwu ntozu ndị ga-eme ntuliaka - na ibe Meta-wiki a. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Ịkpọ oku maka ajụjụ'''

N'ime usoro nhọpụta ọ bụla, ndị ngalaba otu nwere ohere iweta ajụjụ nye ndị na-azọ ọkwa Board of Trustees ịza. Kọmiti na-eme ntuliaka na-ahọpụta ajụjụ n'ime ndepụta ndị ngalaba otu wepụtara nye ndị na-azọ ọkwa ịza. Ndị na-azọ ọkwa ga-aza ajụjụ niile achọrọ  ka ha wee ike tozuo ịzọ ọkwa; ma ọ bụghị ya, a ga-ewepu  akwụkwọ anam achọ iso ha tinyere. N'afọ a, kọmitii ntuliaka ga-ahọpụta ajụjụ ise  ndị na-azọ ọkwa ga-aza. Ajụjụ ndị ahọpụtara nwere ike ịbụ nchịkọta nke ihe ndị ngalaba otu zitere, ma ọ bụrụ na ha yitere ma ọ bụ na ha metụtara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Ntuliaka'''

Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi sonye na usoro nhọpụta 2025 bụ ịbụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ndị nọ n'etiti kọmitii ntuliaka na ngalaba otu ha si na ya. Ha na-enyere aka hụ na ndị ngalaba otu ha sonyere  ma kpọkọta ha ka ha mee ntuliaka. Mụtakwuo maka mmemme a na otu esi esonye na ibe Meta-wiki a
 [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link]]].

Daalụ!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Ka e mesịa,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 03:07, 28 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:00, 13 Jụn 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Otu Bọọdụ ndị nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi nke Wikimedia Foundation  2025 - Ọkpụkpọ oku maka ndị ga-eso zọọ ọkwa ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Ndewo mmadụ niile,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|Ọkpụkpọ oku maka ndị ga-eso zọọ ọkwa maka nhopụta ọkwa Board of Trustees nke Wikimedia Foundation 2025 amalitela ugbua]] site na June 17, 2025 - Julaị 2, 2025 na 11:59 UTC [1]. Ndị Board of Trustees na-ahụ maka ọrụ Wikimedia Foundation, nakwa onye nlekọta atụkwasịrị obi ọ bụla ga-eje ozi afọ atọ [2]. Nke a bụ ọnọdụ ọrụ afọ ofufo.

N'afọ a, ndị ngalaba otu Wikimedia ga-eme ntuliaka na ngwụcha Ọgọstụ ruo Septemba 2025 iji mejupụta oche abụọ (2) na Bọọdụ Foundation. Ị nwere ike - ma ọ bụ onye ị maara - bụ  onye tozuru isonyere ndị isi nlekọta nke Wikimedia Foundation? [3]

Matakwuo maka ihe ọ ga-ewe iji guzoro n'ọkwa onye isi ndị a yana otu ị ga-esi nyefee nhọpụta gị na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application| ibe Meta-wiki a]] ma ọ bụ gbaa onye ọzọ ume ịzọ ọkwa na ntuliaka nke afọ a.

Yagazie,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ntuliaka

N'aha Kọmitii Ntuliaka na Kọmitii Ọchịchị

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 17:43, 17 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:56, 27 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 12:45, 14 Julaị 2025 (UTC)
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== Proposal for additional namespaces – DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS and MOSTALK ==

Dear community,

Namespaces are a core feature of all Wikimedia projects as they separate different types of content (main articles, drafts, user pages, discussions etc.) which are essential for the organization and functionality of a wiki. I am proposing for the addition of the following namespaces which are currently missing on the igwiki: DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS and MOSTALK. The DRAFT namespace is important so articles which are not yet ready to be on main space or which have poor formatting and translations can be moved there for improvements. The MOS (Manual of Style) namespace is needful to serve as a clear guide for editors on how different kinds of articles should be written. While the respective talk pages would provide space for editors to discuss editing. The MOS would of course be written in the Igbo language, generally ensuring article consistency and quality.

I’d greatly appreciate your feedback and even questions regarding this proposal. Please leave a comment on this thread (either supporting or opposing). Thank you! [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:38, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:I'm in support of this proposal as this will enhance clarity in igwiki articles. [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 16:59, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
:Supported [[Ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|Iwuala chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|ṅkátá]]) 19:35, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
::Supporting  [[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|ṅkátá]]) 22:19, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
:I totally support this proposal. [[Ojiarụ:Sylvaline39|Sylvaline39]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Sylvaline39|ṅkátá]]) 19:51, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
:*I am a community member, and sometimes I wonder why these namespaces are not available here. I’m happy discussions are now being made to add them. I give my Strong Support. [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 20:35, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
:Ensuring accuracy and consistency in formatting is an ideal and recommended means of ensuring systematicity and proper documentation. I believe the above proposed will greatly benefit the Igbo Wikipedia and as such Strongly Support the activation of these features. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 20:40, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
::I support this proposal [[Ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|Geraldine Kene]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|ṅkátá]]) 12:36, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
:Support  [[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|ṅkátá]]) 22:18, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:I strongly support the proposal to add the missing namespaces — DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS, and MOSTALK — on the Igbo Wikipedia.
These namespaces are essential for improving the structure, quality, and workflow of the project. The DRAFT and DRAFTTALK namespaces will provide a proper space for contributors to develop articles before moving them to the mainspace, which will improve the quality of content published. Similarly, the MOS and MOSTALK namespaces will help standardize editing practices by giving community members a clear and dedicated area to discuss and apply the Manual of Style, leading to more consistent articles across the Igbo Wikipedia.
Introducing these namespaces will not only enhance the editing experience but also support new contributors by giving them safer spaces to learn, practice, and get feedback. Overall, this addition will strengthen the community, bridge quality gaps, and align Igbo Wikipedia with global best practices across other Wikimedia projects.  [[Ojiarụ:Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Senator Choko|ṅkátá]]) 17:43, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:This is a welcomed development which I support it’s implementation, all for a better experience in the Igbo Wikipedia [[Ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|Aminwa 21]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|ṅkátá]]) 21:23, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:Akwadosiri m atụmatu ndị a nke ọma--[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 22:31, 18 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:Ekwenyere m na itinye ebe aha ọhụrụ DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS, na MOSTALK ga-aba uru nke ukwuu n’ịkwalite nhazi na ịrụ ọrụ nke Igbo Wikipedia. Ọ ga-enyere ndị na-ede edemede n’ọrụ aka ịrụ ọrụ  nke ọma ma kwalite mmepe nke nduzi na iwu obodo Wikipedia.N' ihi nkea, akwadosiri m atụmatụ a ike.[[Ojiarụ:Celetex|Celetex]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Celetex|ṅkátá]]) 11:51, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
:Supported [[Ojiarụ:Macocobovi|Macocobovi]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Macocobovi|ṅkátá]]) 21:07, 19 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)
:I’m so happy to have this discussion come onboard. it has long been expected. I give my Strong Support. [[User:Goodymeraj|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Goodymeraj&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Goodymeraj|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 6:25, 20 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

== Support of DRAFT, DRAFTTALK, MOS AND MOSTALK ==

Igbo Wikipedia is a Movement heading for greater, newer and most efficient innovations and I believe that adding this sections will not only improve the face but also give a lift to the essence of the Igbo Wikipedia at large. Ebube Clara [[Ojiarụ:Ebube Clara|Ebube Clara]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ebube Clara|ṅkátá]]) 11:56, 20 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Upcoming Dark Mode user interface rollout for anonymous Wikimedia sites users ==

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The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will launch the Dark mode feature for anonymous users on all Wikimedia sites, including yours, on October 29, 2025.

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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:08, 30 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Proposal to add missing user group rights  ==

Ndewo nu ndi Igbo Wikipedians. I’d like to bring your attention to some missing user rights on the igwiki: rollback, autopatrolled, and extended-confirmed. These rights are available in many other language Wikipedias and would be very useful for us too on this project.

The rollback right allows experienced editors to quickly undo disruptive edits or obvious vandalism. This way, articles retain quality and saves time.

The autopatrolled right can be given to experienced and trusted editors so that their edits or new pages don’t always need to be manually checked. This reduces the workload and supports efficiency.

The extended-confirmed right will be given to editors with at least 500 edits and their account has existed for at least 30 days. This will help in restricting actions to more trusted users.

Overall, I’m optimistic that these additions will improve the quality of pages, reduce repeated manual checks of trusted users’ work, help fight vandalism more effectively, and encourage experienced editors by giving them more responsibility and tools.

As always, I greatly appreciate your feedback and even questions. Please leave a comment on this thread (either supporting or opposing). Daalụ. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 08:21, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Supporting [[Ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|Iwuala chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|ṅkátá]]) 08:46, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Akwadoro m nke a nke ukwuu [[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 08:51, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Gaa n'ihu na ọrụ gị 
:Akwadoro m ya [[Ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|Epiphanus Jide]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|ṅkátá]]) 09:16, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
*I am in Support of having these User rights on the Ig Wikipedia, as it will assist in the smooth flow of things here.  [[User:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sayvhior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Sayvhior|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:39, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
* I support this great idea as this will give way to excellent contributions on Igbo Wikipedia...Daalụ nwanne @[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 04:54, 4 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
* Having these rights enabled will ensure that there are more eyes watching and ensuring the contribution made and that all hands are on deck to ensure a safe and sane Igbo Wikipedia space. I support this request [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 01:14, 7 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
* I strongly support this. Having experience editors with this rights will help reduce the rate of disruptive edits on Igbo Wikipedia.
[[Ojiarụ:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ogalihillary|ṅkátá]]) 14:33, 3 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
* A na m akwado atụmatụ a, niihi na nke a ga-enye aka inyefe ndị maara nke ekwe na-akụ ikikere idozi ufọdụ ihe.
[[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  15:35, 4 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

* A kwadosiri m atụmatụ a ike, inyefe ndị uche ha dị n'ihe a na-eme ikike idozi ụfọdụ ihe [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 03:31, 10 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Kwuo uche gi: tụọ vootu na ntuliaka Board of Trustees nke afọ 2025. ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Ndewo nu,

Oge emem ntuliaka nke [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] amalitela. Ndị na-adọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adọ ndọrọ ndọrọ nnọchi óche abụọ nkè Bọọdụ.

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Matakwuo maka há site na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|ịgụ gbasara nkwuputa métụtara ntinye akwụkwọ anam achọ nsonye hà ma lelee vidio gbasara nsonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ha]].

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[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 04:48, 9 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikifunctions will be deployed on your wiki on 2025-11-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

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:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hi all, we want to let you know that [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] is coming to your project soon! When enabled, you will be able to call functions from your project, and integrate them in your articles.

A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output. Think of adding up two numbers, or converting miles into metres, or calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. This is usually done with templates that are complicated to create or to import. With Wikifunctions, you will be able to do this with just a couple of clicks!

Please check out [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|these tutorials]] for more details. You’re also invited to [[:f:Special:CreateObject|create functions]] that you find useful, or [[:f:Wikifunctions:Suggest a function|ask for help from the Wikifunctions community]].

We would like to invite you to contribute to Wikifunctions, by translating the existing functions labels into your language, so that more users in your community can more easily reuse them on the project. You can also translate the messages for the Wikifunctions interface on TranslateWiki ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-wikilambda-ve&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate here for VisualEditor messages], and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-wikilambda-user&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate here for the Wikifunctions interface proper]).

Of course, we are happy to help in case there are questions or difficulties, and we are ready to listen to your feedback. Please ping me directly in case of necessity or reach out to me [[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|on my talk page]].
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--[[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Hi all, unfortunately due to a technical problem we couldn't deploy Wikifunctions on your project. We will keep you updated about the next date of deployment. Thanks for your comprehension! [[Ojiarụ:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Sannita (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 13:58, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== A na-chọ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ka ha sonye n'ọtụtụ kọmitii nke òtù a ==

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Kwa afọ, ọ kachasị site na Ọktọba ruo Disemba, ọtụtụ n'ime kọmitii nke òtù a na-achọ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ọhụrụ. 

Gụkwuo maka kọmitii ndị a na ibe Meta-wiki ha:
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Akwụkwọ anamachọ nsonye kọmitii na-emepe na 30 Ọktoba 2025. Akwụkwọ anamachọ nsonye na kọmitii Mmekọrịta ga-emechi na 11 Disemba 2025, yana Akwụkwọ anamachọ nsonye nke Ombuds kọmishọn na kọmitii Case Review ga-emechi na 11 Disemba 2025. Mata otu esi etinye akwụkwọ site na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|ịga na ibe dị na Meta-wiki]]. Biputa ozi gị na ibe okwu ma ọ bụ zigara cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org ozi emailu gbasara ajụjụ ọ bụla ị nwere ike inwe.

N'aha ndị òtù Kọmitii Nkwado,
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 13:21, 18 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:59, 23 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 17:11, 3 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 00:57, 26 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
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== Binye aka ugbu a na nhọpụta 2026 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
A na-agwa ndị tozuru ibinye aka ka ha sonye na nhọpụta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Ótù Nhazi Usoro Nchịkwata Akparamagwa Nke Zuru Ụwa Ọnụ]] 2026. Ozi ndị ọzọ-tinyere nlele ntozu, ozi usoro mbinye aka, na njikọ- ga-adị na Meta n'[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ihuakwụkwọ ozi mbinye aka 2026]]. Mbinye aka ahụ na-akwụsị na 2 Juunu 2026 na [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Biko binye aka ma ọ bụrụ na akaụntụ gị tozuru etozu. Mpụtara (nhọpụta ahụ) ga-adị na 14 Juunu 2026. Site na mmekọrịta U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ṅkátá]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Julaị 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

* You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}.
* If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

* Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Septemba 2026 (UTC)

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  <page>
    <title>Yvonne Jegede</title>
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'''Yvonne Jegede''' bụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa, onye na -emeputa ihe nkiri, onye nlereanya, na onye onyonyo; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olowolagba|first=Fikayo|title=Yvonne Jegede challenges Atuma to name prostitutes in Nollywood|url=http://dailypost.ng/2018/06/22/yvonne-jegede-challenges-atuma-name-prostitutes-nollywood/amp/|accessdate=16 October 2018|date=22 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ama ama maka imepụta ''3 is company''. O bilitere wee bụrụ onye ama ama mgbe ọ pụtara ihe nkiri na vidiyo egwu ''African Queen'' nke 2Face Idibia tinyere [[Annie Macaulay-Idibia|Annie Macaulay]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Izuzu|first=Chidumga|title=5 reasons to love &quot;The First Lady&quot; actress|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/yvonne-jegede-5-reasons-to-love-the-first-lady-actress-id5418813.html|accessdate=16 October 2018|date=25 August 2016|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224712/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/yvonne-jegede-5-reasons-to-love-the-first-lady-actress-id5418813.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ nwata na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Yvonne Jegede was born in Agenebode, [[Ȯra Edo|Edo State]], [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] on the 25th of August, 1983. Ọ gụrụ agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị na secondiri na [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos State]] [[Naịjirịa]] tupu ịga University of Cyprus, ebe ọ nwetere akwukwo Bachelor's degree na International Relations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|title=My big boobs not my selling point|url=https://punchng.com/my-big-boobs-not-my-selling-point/|accessdate=16 October 2018|date=9 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Yvonne Jegede malitere ọrụ ihe nkiri ya na 2004 mgbe ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri Nollywood ''Missing Angels'' . Mpụta mbụ igwefoto mbụ ya pụtara na 2005 na ngosipụta ya na vidiyo egwu a ma ama ugbu a ''African Queen'' nke 2Face Idibia . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ mahadum n'afọ 2012, ọ bịaghachiri na Nollywood wee gosiputa na ihe nkiri dịka ''Okafor's Law'' ''Single and Married'', 10 Days in Sun ''City'' n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Na 2015, ọ mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya ''3 is Company'' ebe ọ gosiputara bụrụ onye ndu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Izuzu|first=Chidumga|title=Movie starring Yvonne Jegede, OC Ukeje, Wole Ojo gets DVD release date|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/3-is-company-movie-starring-yvonne-jegede-oc-ukeje-wole-ojo-gets-dvd-release-date-id3876238.html|accessdate=16 October 2018|date=17 June 2015|archive-date=16 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031932/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/3-is-company-movie-starring-yvonne-jegede-oc-ukeje-wole-ojo-gets-dvd-release-date-id3876238.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọgwụgwụ 2016, ọ bụ mkpuchi na mbipụta agbamakwụkwọ nke magazin [[Genevieve Nnaji|Genevieve Nnaji.]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peters|first=Seyi|title=Yvonne Jegede Covers Genevieve Magazine’s Annual Bridal Issue|url=https://www.informationng.com/2016/12/yvonne-jegede-covers-genevieve-magazines-annual-bridal-issue.html/amp|accessdate=16 October 2018|date=16 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ewezuga ihe nkiri ya, ''Yvonne Jegede'' egosipụtala na vidiyo egwu dịka ''Ego'' site Djinee, ''Kokose'' nke [[Sound Sultan]] .

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''Missing Angels''
* ''Husbands of Lagos''
* ''3 is Company''
* ''Okafor's Law''
* ''Pot of Life''
* ''Gold Statue''
* ''Diamonds in the sky''
* ''Sir Chic Squad''
* ''Single and Married''
* ''10 Days in Sin City''
* ''The Fight for the Family''
* ''The Silver Spoon''
* ''The Sassy One''
* ''Climax''
* ''Gone to America''
* ''Crazy ex-Girlfriend''
* ''Forget me not''
* ''True Lies''
* ''Smile of Sweet Love''
* ''Tei hearts that binds together''
* ''Strange Affection''
* ''Abike''

== Nsidee ==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chinua Achebe Literary Festival</title>
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'''Mmeme Akwụkwọ Chinua Achebe''' bụ ihe mmeme ide akwụkwọ kwa afọ nke eji akwanyere [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]] ugwu onye edemede na - akuko edemede ya, nke a na-akpọ ''[[:en:Things_Fall_Apart|Things Fall Apart]]''(1958), Emume a bụ maka icheta ọrụ ya na ihe gbasara ide akwụkwọ. &lt;ref&gt;Ernest Ogunyemi [https://creativewritingnews.com/tag/chinua-achebe-literary-festival/ &quot;Chinua Achebe Literary Festival —Attend&quot;], ''Creative Writing News'', Nigeria, 12 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Chiedu Okoye [https://anambrastate.gov.ng/news?r=achebe-is-conscience-of-nigeria-says-adinuba&amp;hs=86607cef473164cd381bbba3bb8f4370 &quot;ACHEBE IS CONSCIENCE OF NIGERIA SAYS ADINUBA&quot;], [https://web.archive.org/web/20200808171015/http://anambrastate.gov.ng/ Anambra State Government Official Website], 1 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Wole Adedoyin, [https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/272609/why-we-celebrate-chinua-achebe-annually-izunna-okafor.html &quot;Why We Celebrate Chinua Achebe Annually — Izunna Okafor&quot;], ''The Nigerian Voice'', Nigeria, 14 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;  


[[Òtù:Ȯra Anambra]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Olu Jacobs</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:26:20Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Updated article</comment>
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{{Databox}}
'''Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs,''' {{Audio|Yo-Olu Jacobs.ogg|Audio}} (onye a mụrụ 11 Julaị 1942, ọ nwụzikwara na 16 Septemba 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bolarinwa |first=David |date=2026-09-16 |title=BREAKING: Olu Jacobs Dies at 84 |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/breaking-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Trending News}}&lt;/ref&gt;), amara site n'ezi ngosipụta àgwà dị ka '''Olu Jacobs,''' bụ Omee nke Nigeria na ezekutiv fiim. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=editor|date=2021-07-31|title=July: Of Exuberance and Melancholy|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/31/july-of-exuberance-and-melancholy/|accessdate=2021-08-21|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri onyonyo nke telivishọn Britain na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522052823/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archivedate=22 May 2009|title=Filmography of Olu Jacobs|publisher=[[British Film Institute|The British Film Institute]]|accessdate=12 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị etoola Olu Jacobs dịka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kachasị ukwuu na nke a na -akwanyere ùgwù na ọgbọ ya., tinyere [[Pete Edochie]], ọtụtụ ndị mgbasa ozi, ndị na -akọwa ihe nkiri, ndị nkatọ na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na -ele ya anya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kacha nwee mmetụta n'oge niile, a na -ewerekwa ya dị ka akara ngosi ọdịbendị. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title=Pete Edochie, Olu Jacobs: The living 'godfathers' of Nollywood|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/pete-edochie-olu-jacobs-the-living-godfathers-of-nollywood/|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=10 July 2020|date=4 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na -ahụ ya dị ka ókè dị n'etiti ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.

Jacobs emeela akara ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa. N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ọ na -eme ihe nkiri, a na -ahụ ya dịka ókè dị n'etiti ụdị ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.  A zụrụ ya na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, dị na  England, ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị iche iche arụkọla ọrụ na Britain ma gosipụtakwa na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ụwa.

N'afọ 2007, o nwetara nturu ugo ihe nkiri 'African Movie Academy Award' ''maka onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma onye isi oru'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;newswatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm|title=A Race for Stars Only|author=Ogbu|first=Rachel|work=[[Newswatch (Nigeria)|Newswatch]]|accessdate=9 August 2010|archivedate=13 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013023039/https://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|title=Nominees &amp; Winners of AMAA 2007 @ a glance|publisher=The African Movie Academy Awards|accessdate=11 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210070846/http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|archivedate=10 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;mshale&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|title=Africa Celebrates Film Industry at AMAA 2007|author=Coker|first=Onikepo|date=4 May 2007|work=Mshale Newspaper|publisher=Mshale Communications|accessdate=5 September 2010|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303204433/http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa07&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2007|publisher=[[African Movie Academy Awards]]|accessdate=17 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012165834/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|archivedate=12 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olu Jacobs akọwapụtala onwe ya dị ka nna nna na Nollywood, na -emeghe ụzọ ịga nke ọma nye  ọtụtụ ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na amalite amalite. Mmasị na ịhụnanya ọ nwere  maka ime ihe nkiri sitere na mkpali nke onye na -eme ihe nkiri ama ama laarala mmụọ bụ, Hubert Ogunde na - emume oriri kwa afọ nke emere na Colonial Hotel dị na Kano, emesịa, ọ gawara England ebe ọ gụrụ maka ime ihe nkiri na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. A kọwara ya dị ka 'otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha mma, onye ntụgharị okwu kacha mma na onye na -ejikwa okwu kacha mma'. Maka ntunye uchu ọtunyere n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, a kwanyere ya ugwu site na nturu ugo ụlọ ọrụ nyere ya maka ọ pụrụ iche nke ọ pụrụ abịa n'ihe gbasara ihe ngosi na  Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards nke afọ 2013. Ọzọkwa, AMAA nyere ya ihe nrite nturu ugo gụrụ gawa na ndụ ya na 2016.

Olu Jacobs lụrụ nwanyị na -eme ihe nkiri bụ Joke Silva . Di na nwunye ahụ hiwere ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ Lufodo Group, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke mejupụtara mmepụta ihe nkiri, akụ nkesa na  ụlọ akwụkwọ Lufodo ebe ana akuzi gbasara emume ihe nkiri .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs bụ onye amụụrụ nne na nna si Egba Alake . Ọ nọrọ ndụ nwata ya na Kano &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Otagbo|first=Olasumbo|date=18 October 2014|title=How Hubert Ogunde inspired me to become an actor -Olu Jacobs|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/how-hubert-ogunde-inspired-me-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gaa Holy Trinity School ebe ọ bụ onye otu arụmụka na ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241226161433/http://www.naijarules.com/vb/nollywood-movie-stars/20070-my-happiest-moment-acting-olu-jacobs.html &quot;My Happiest Moment In Acting – Olu Jacobs&quot;], Naijarules.com.&lt;/ref&gt; A kpaliri ya ka o were ohere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ gara otu oriri egwu Chief Hubert Ogunde kwa afọ na Colonial Hotel dị na [[Kano]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, o nwetara visa wee gaa England ka ọ gụọ gbasara ihe nkiri.

Na England, Jacobs bụ onye azụrụ  na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. Ọ pụtara na ihe ngosi telivishọn Britain dị iche iche na usoro n'afọ 1970 (gụnyere ''The Goodies, Till Death Do Us  Part, Barlow at Large, The Venturers, Angels, 1990, Ndị Echi'' na ''Ndị Ọkachamara'' ). &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/21/i-disobeyed-my-dad-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=I disobeyed my dad to become an actor – Olu Jacobs|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|work=The Vanguard|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1978, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ngosipụta àgwà  nke Onye isi ala Mageeba na ihe ngosi Michael Codron nke egwu Sir Tom Stoppard ''Night na Day'' .

N'ime afọ 1980 gawazie Jacobs pụtara na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi, gụnyere ihe nkiri John Irvin ''The Dogs of War'', Roman Polanski 's adventure-comedy ''Pirates'' (1986) na ihe nkiri ezinụlọ ''Baby: Secret of the Legend Lost'' (1985). Na telivishọn, ọ bụ onye otu emume na TVS ' ''The Witches and the Grinnygog'' . &lt;ref&gt;A BBC-2 series that traces the history of acting. (14 July 1983). The Stage and Television Today (Archive: 1959–1994),, 15&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacobs emechaala gosipụta ihe nkiri Nollywood karịrị otu narị na iri abụọ . A na -ahụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood nke Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Jacobs lụrụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood Joke Silva kemgbe 1989. Ha nwere ụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2009/oct/16/showtime-16-10-2009-001.htm|title=How I met Joke Sylva – Olu Jacobs|publisher=The Sun Publishing Limited|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe kpatara na nwunye ya ka na -aza aha nwa agbọghọ ya, Jacobs zara, sị: “Ọ bụ onwe nke aka ya. Mgbe m zutere ya, ọ bụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri a maara dị ka Joke Silva yabụ kedu ihe kpatara ịlụ m ga -eji gọnarị ya na ndị na -ege ya ntị aha ya. Ọ bụ Miss Joke Silva onye bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs. Ọ dị mfe dị ka nke ahụ. Ndị mmadụ na -amalitezi ikwu ihe masịrị ha. Ha ededịla na anyị kewapụrụ onwe anyị na ụdị ihe niile. Mgbe ọ na -arụ ọrụ, ọ bụ Joke Silva mana ọ bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs n'ụlọ. ” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mjemagazine.com/wife-still-bears-maiden-name-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=Why My Wife Still Bears Her Maiden Name – Actor Olu Jacobs – MJ Celebrity Magazine|date=9 December 2013|work=MJ Celebrity Magazine|accessdate=8 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
Olu Jacobs nwetara ihe nrite ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ha na -eme na 2013 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/olu-jacobs-honoured-at-amvca-awards-as-genevieve-and-funke-akindele-lose-out/|title=Olu Jacobs honoured at AMVCA awards as Genevieve, Funke Akindele lose out|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=10 March 2013|accessdate=9 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agba (ahọpụtara) ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:95%;&quot;
!Afọ
! Gosi
! Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1971
| ''Ndị mmụọ ozi na -egbu ọchụ: Ọdachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe ọchị na Black na White (egwuregwu)''
|
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1972
| ''Ụkwụ Cork Richard''
|
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Royal Court, London
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1974
| ''Obodo Black Mans''
| Nna Zachary Azuka
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Gate
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Julius Caesar''
| Otu n'ime ndị na -agụ akwụkwọ
| Ihe ngosi Royal National Theatre 1977 nke John Schlesinger duziri
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| ''Bar Beach Prelude'' na Transistor Radio
|
| Uwe mkpụmkpụ abụọ emegharịrị site na ọrụ Bode Sowande na Ken Saro Wiwa
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| Ụdị Alụmdi na Nwunye
| Obi
| Egwuregwu etiti
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Ihe nkiri Ochie''
| Chris Hunter (ndị gendarmes)
| Ngosi ihe nkiri nke mba
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1978
| ''Abalị na ehihie''
| Onye isi ala Mageeba
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Phoenix (London)
|}

== Filmografii ==
[[Usòrò:Olu_Jacobs_and_Joke_Silva.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Olu Jacobs na nwunye ya]]

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe nkiri
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1979
| ''Ashanti''
| Kọmishọna Batak
| 
|-
| 1980
| ''Nkịta Agha''
| Onye ọrụ kọstọm
| 
|-
| 1985
| ''Nwa: Nzuzo nke Akụkọ Ifuru furu efu''
| Kọl Nsogbu
| 
|-
| 1986
| ''Ndị ohi mmiri''
| Boomako
| 
|-
| 2012
| ''Adesuwa''
| Ezomo
|
|-
| 2013
| ''Potomanto''
| Bankole
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sparrow Productions bounces back with 'Four Big Things' - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sparrow-productions-bounces-back-with-four-big-things/|accessdate=2021-02-03|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014
| ''Kpọrọ nkụ''
| Ọkà okwu
| 
|-
| 2015
| ''Oloibiri''
| Timipre
| 
|-
| 2017
| ''Ụlọ nkwari akụ Royal Hibiscus''
| Richard
| 
|}

=== Ihe nkiri onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Mmemme
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1971
|The Goodies
|
| Oge nke abụọ, ihe nkiri 4 - &quot;agbụrụ furu efu nke Orinoco&quot;
|-
| 1974
|Till Death Do Us Part
| Onye na -arụzi igwe onyonyo
| Oge 5, ihe nkiri 3 - &quot;Ọgba na mgbachi&quot;
|-
| 1975
|Barlow at Large
| Motamba
| Oge 4, Episode 8 - &quot;Nchedo&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Venture
| Mbela
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Ihe egwu na obi owu&quot;
|-
| 1976
|Angels
| Musa Ladipo
| 3 ngosipụta
|-
| 1978
| ''1990''
| Alan Msawi
| Season 2, Episode 2 - &quot;The Market Price&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Tomorrow People
| General Papa Minn
| Oge 6, Ihe nkiri 5 &amp;amp;amp; 6 - &quot;Nsogbu Thargon: Nkebi 1 &amp; 2&quot;
|-
| 1979
|The Professionals
| Onye na -eme ihe nkiri
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 5 - &quot;ara nke Mickey Hamilton&quot;
|-
| 1982
| ''Squadron''
| Onye isi ala Gadin
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Cyclone&quot;
|-
| 1983
|The Witches and the Grinnygog
| Maazị Alabaster
| Ihe ngosi nke 1-4, 6
|-
| 1983
|Rumpole of The Bailey
| David Mazenze
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 2 - &quot;Rumpole na eriri ọla edo&quot;
|-
| 1984
|Play For Today
| David Mazenze
| Oge 14, Episode 16 - &quot;Nwanyị ahụ mara mma Stella Estelle&quot;
|-
| 1990
|The Third Eye
| Inspector Best Idafa
| Ọrụ onye ndu (1990 - 1993)
|-
|}

== Nrụtụaka ==


[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>ha2xum05klinx4y2xi2n9gplpychcni</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>725892</id>
      <parentid>725891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:32:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sayvhior</username>
        <id>13464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated article</comment>
      <origin>725892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13170" sha1="ngcbwpuafc2a1nnjxafxqguhl9lff3q" xml:space="preserve">
{{Databox}}
'''Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs,''' {{Audio|Yo-Olu Jacobs.ogg|Audio}} (onye a mụrụ 11 Julaị 1942, ọ nwụzikwara na 16 Septemba 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bolarinwa |first=David |date=2026-09-16 |title=BREAKING: Olu Jacobs Dies at 84 |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/breaking-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Trending News}}&lt;/ref&gt;), amara site n'ezi ngosipụta àgwà dị ka '''Olu Jacobs,''' bụ Omee nke Nigeria na ezekutiv fiim. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=editor|date=2021-07-31|title=July: Of Exuberance and Melancholy|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/31/july-of-exuberance-and-melancholy/|accessdate=2021-08-21|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri onyonyo nke telivishọn Britain na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522052823/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archivedate=22 May 2009|title=Filmography of Olu Jacobs|publisher=[[British Film Institute|The British Film Institute]]|accessdate=12 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị etoola Olu Jacobs dịka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kachasị ukwuu na nke a na -akwanyere ùgwù na ọgbọ ya., tinyere [[Pete Edochie]], ọtụtụ ndị mgbasa ozi, ndị na -akọwa ihe nkiri, ndị nkatọ na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na -ele ya anya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kacha nwee mmetụta n'oge niile, a na -ewerekwa ya dị ka akara ngosi ọdịbendị. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title=Pete Edochie, Olu Jacobs: The living 'godfathers' of Nollywood|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/pete-edochie-olu-jacobs-the-living-godfathers-of-nollywood/|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=10 July 2020|date=4 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na -ahụ ya dị ka ókè dị n'etiti ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.

Jacobs emeela akara ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa. N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ọ na -eme ihe nkiri, a na -ahụ ya dịka ókè dị n'etiti ụdị ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.  A zụrụ ya na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, dị na  England, ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị iche iche arụkọla ọrụ na Britain ma gosipụtakwa na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ụwa.

N'afọ 2007, o nwetara nturu ugo ihe nkiri 'African Movie Academy Award' ''maka onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma onye isi oru'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;newswatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm|title=A Race for Stars Only|author=Ogbu|first=Rachel|work=[[Newswatch (Nigeria)|Newswatch]]|accessdate=9 August 2010|archivedate=13 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013023039/https://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|title=Nominees &amp; Winners of AMAA 2007 @ a glance|publisher=The African Movie Academy Awards|accessdate=11 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210070846/http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|archivedate=10 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;mshale&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|title=Africa Celebrates Film Industry at AMAA 2007|author=Coker|first=Onikepo|date=4 May 2007|work=Mshale Newspaper|publisher=Mshale Communications|accessdate=5 September 2010|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303204433/http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa07&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2007|publisher=[[African Movie Academy Awards]]|accessdate=17 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012165834/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|archivedate=12 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olu Jacobs akọwapụtala onwe ya dị ka nna nna na Nollywood, na -emeghe ụzọ ịga nke ọma nye  ọtụtụ ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na amalite amalite. Mmasị na ịhụnanya ọ nwere  maka ime ihe nkiri sitere na mkpali nke onye na -eme ihe nkiri ama ama laarala mmụọ bụ, Hubert Ogunde na - emume oriri kwa afọ nke emere na Colonial Hotel dị na Kano, emesịa, ọ gawara England ebe ọ gụrụ maka ime ihe nkiri na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. A kọwara ya dị ka 'otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha mma, onye ntụgharị okwu kacha mma na onye na -ejikwa okwu kacha mma'. Maka ntunye uchu ọtunyere n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, a kwanyere ya ugwu site na nturu ugo ụlọ ọrụ nyere ya maka ọ pụrụ iche nke ọ pụrụ abịa n'ihe gbasara ihe ngosi na  Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards nke afọ 2013. Ọzọkwa, AMAA nyere ya ihe nrite nturu ugo gụrụ gawa na ndụ ya na 2016.

Olu Jacobs lụrụ nwanyị na -eme ihe nkiri bụ Joke Silva . Di na nwunye ahụ hiwere ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ Lufodo Group, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke mejupụtara mmepụta ihe nkiri, akụ nkesa na  ụlọ akwụkwọ Lufodo ebe ana akuzi gbasara emume ihe nkiri .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs bụ onye amụụrụ nne na nna si Egba Alake . Ọ nọrọ ndụ nwata ya na Kano &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Otagbo|first=Olasumbo|date=18 October 2014|title=How Hubert Ogunde inspired me to become an actor -Olu Jacobs|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/how-hubert-ogunde-inspired-me-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gaa Holy Trinity School ebe ọ bụ onye otu arụmụka na ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241226161433/http://www.naijarules.com/vb/nollywood-movie-stars/20070-my-happiest-moment-acting-olu-jacobs.html &quot;My Happiest Moment In Acting – Olu Jacobs&quot;], Naijarules.com.&lt;/ref&gt; A kpaliri ya ka o were ohere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ gara otu oriri egwu Chief Hubert Ogunde kwa afọ na Colonial Hotel dị na [[Kano]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, o nwetara visa wee gaa England ka ọ gụọ gbasara ihe nkiri.

Na England, Jacobs bụ onye azụrụ  na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. Ọ pụtara na ihe ngosi telivishọn Britain dị iche iche na usoro n'afọ 1970 (gụnyere ''The Goodies, Till Death Do Us  Part, Barlow at Large, The Venturers, Angels, 1990, Ndị Echi'' na ''Ndị Ọkachamara'' ). &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/21/i-disobeyed-my-dad-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=I disobeyed my dad to become an actor – Olu Jacobs|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|work=The Vanguard|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1978, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ngosipụta àgwà  nke Onye isi ala Mageeba na ihe ngosi Michael Codron nke egwu Sir Tom Stoppard ''Night na Day'' .

N'ime afọ 1980 gawazie Jacobs pụtara na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi, gụnyere ihe nkiri John Irvin ''The Dogs of War'', Roman Polanski 's adventure-comedy ''Pirates'' (1986) na ihe nkiri ezinụlọ ''Baby: Secret of the Legend Lost'' (1985). Na telivishọn, ọ bụ onye otu emume na TVS ' ''The Witches and the Grinnygog'' . &lt;ref&gt;A BBC-2 series that traces the history of acting. (14 July 1983). The Stage and Television Today (Archive: 1959–1994),, 15&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacobs emechaala gosipụta ihe nkiri Nollywood karịrị otu narị na iri abụọ . A na -ahụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood nke Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ya==
Jacobs lụrụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood Joke Silva kemgbe 1989. Ha nwere ụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2009/oct/16/showtime-16-10-2009-001.htm|title=How I met Joke Sylva – Olu Jacobs|publisher=The Sun Publishing Limited|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe kpatara na nwunye ya ka na -aza aha nwa agbọghọ ya, Jacobs zara, sị: “Ọ bụ onwe nke aka ya. Mgbe m zutere ya, ọ bụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri a maara dị ka Joke Silva yabụ kedu ihe kpatara ịlụ m ga -eji gọnarị ya na ndị na -ege ya ntị aha ya. Ọ bụ Miss Joke Silva onye bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs. Ọ dị mfe dị ka nke ahụ. Ndị mmadụ na -amalitezi ikwu ihe masịrị ha. Ha ededịla na anyị kewapụrụ onwe anyị na ụdị ihe niile. Mgbe ọ na -arụ ọrụ, ọ bụ Joke Silva mana ọ bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs n'ụlọ. ” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mjemagazine.com/wife-still-bears-maiden-name-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=Why My Wife Still Bears Her Maiden Name – Actor Olu Jacobs – MJ Celebrity Magazine|date=9 December 2013|work=MJ Celebrity Magazine|accessdate=8 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olu Jacobs nwụrụ na 16 Septemba 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84, site n'otu ọkwa nke nwa ya nwoke, Olusoji Jacobs, kwupụtara n'isi ụtụtụ.
== Nkwado ==
Olu Jacobs nwetara ihe nrite ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ha na -eme na 2013 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/olu-jacobs-honoured-at-amvca-awards-as-genevieve-and-funke-akindele-lose-out/|title=Olu Jacobs honoured at AMVCA awards as Genevieve, Funke Akindele lose out|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=10 March 2013|accessdate=9 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agba (ahọpụtara) ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:95%;&quot;
!Afọ
! Gosi
! Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1971
| ''Ndị mmụọ ozi na -egbu ọchụ: Ọdachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe ọchị na Black na White (egwuregwu)''
|
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1972
| ''Ụkwụ Cork Richard''
|
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Royal Court, London
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1974
| ''Obodo Black Mans''
| Nna Zachary Azuka
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Gate
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Julius Caesar''
| Otu n'ime ndị na -agụ akwụkwọ
| Ihe ngosi Royal National Theatre 1977 nke John Schlesinger duziri
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| ''Bar Beach Prelude'' na Transistor Radio
|
| Uwe mkpụmkpụ abụọ emegharịrị site na ọrụ Bode Sowande na Ken Saro Wiwa
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| Ụdị Alụmdi na Nwunye
| Obi
| Egwuregwu etiti
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Ihe nkiri Ochie''
| Chris Hunter (ndị gendarmes)
| Ngosi ihe nkiri nke mba
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1978
| ''Abalị na ehihie''
| Onye isi ala Mageeba
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Phoenix (London)
|}

== Filmografii ==
[[Usòrò:Olu_Jacobs_and_Joke_Silva.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Olu Jacobs na nwunye ya]]

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe nkiri
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1979
| ''Ashanti''
| Kọmishọna Batak
| 
|-
| 1980
| ''Nkịta Agha''
| Onye ọrụ kọstọm
| 
|-
| 1985
| ''Nwa: Nzuzo nke Akụkọ Ifuru furu efu''
| Kọl Nsogbu
| 
|-
| 1986
| ''Ndị ohi mmiri''
| Boomako
| 
|-
| 2012
| ''Adesuwa''
| Ezomo
|
|-
| 2013
| ''Potomanto''
| Bankole
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sparrow Productions bounces back with 'Four Big Things' - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sparrow-productions-bounces-back-with-four-big-things/|accessdate=2021-02-03|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014
| ''Kpọrọ nkụ''
| Ọkà okwu
| 
|-
| 2015
| ''Oloibiri''
| Timipre
| 
|-
| 2017
| ''Ụlọ nkwari akụ Royal Hibiscus''
| Richard
| 
|}

=== Ihe nkiri onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Mmemme
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1971
|The Goodies
|
| Oge nke abụọ, ihe nkiri 4 - &quot;agbụrụ furu efu nke Orinoco&quot;
|-
| 1974
|Till Death Do Us Part
| Onye na -arụzi igwe onyonyo
| Oge 5, ihe nkiri 3 - &quot;Ọgba na mgbachi&quot;
|-
| 1975
|Barlow at Large
| Motamba
| Oge 4, Episode 8 - &quot;Nchedo&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Venture
| Mbela
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Ihe egwu na obi owu&quot;
|-
| 1976
|Angels
| Musa Ladipo
| 3 ngosipụta
|-
| 1978
| ''1990''
| Alan Msawi
| Season 2, Episode 2 - &quot;The Market Price&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Tomorrow People
| General Papa Minn
| Oge 6, Ihe nkiri 5 &amp;amp;amp; 6 - &quot;Nsogbu Thargon: Nkebi 1 &amp; 2&quot;
|-
| 1979
|The Professionals
| Onye na -eme ihe nkiri
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 5 - &quot;ara nke Mickey Hamilton&quot;
|-
| 1982
| ''Squadron''
| Onye isi ala Gadin
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Cyclone&quot;
|-
| 1983
|The Witches and the Grinnygog
| Maazị Alabaster
| Ihe ngosi nke 1-4, 6
|-
| 1983
|Rumpole of The Bailey
| David Mazenze
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 2 - &quot;Rumpole na eriri ọla edo&quot;
|-
| 1984
|Play For Today
| David Mazenze
| Oge 14, Episode 16 - &quot;Nwanyị ahụ mara mma Stella Estelle&quot;
|-
| 1990
|The Third Eye
| Inspector Best Idafa
| Ọrụ onye ndu (1990 - 1993)
|-
|}

== Nrụtụaka ==


[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>ngcbwpuafc2a1nnjxafxqguhl9lff3q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>725893</id>
      <parentid>725892</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T10:33:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sayvhior</username>
        <id>13464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ya */</comment>
      <origin>725893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13688" sha1="6u80gvic1s2jt8d7wdersim1bpksety" xml:space="preserve">
{{Databox}}
'''Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs,''' {{Audio|Yo-Olu Jacobs.ogg|Audio}} (onye a mụrụ 11 Julaị 1942, ọ nwụzikwara na 16 Septemba 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bolarinwa |first=David |date=2026-09-16 |title=BREAKING: Olu Jacobs Dies at 84 |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/breaking-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Trending News}}&lt;/ref&gt;), amara site n'ezi ngosipụta àgwà dị ka '''Olu Jacobs,''' bụ Omee nke Nigeria na ezekutiv fiim. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=editor|date=2021-07-31|title=July: Of Exuberance and Melancholy|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/31/july-of-exuberance-and-melancholy/|accessdate=2021-08-21|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri onyonyo nke telivishọn Britain na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522052823/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archivedate=22 May 2009|title=Filmography of Olu Jacobs|publisher=[[British Film Institute|The British Film Institute]]|accessdate=12 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị etoola Olu Jacobs dịka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kachasị ukwuu na nke a na -akwanyere ùgwù na ọgbọ ya., tinyere [[Pete Edochie]], ọtụtụ ndị mgbasa ozi, ndị na -akọwa ihe nkiri, ndị nkatọ na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na -ele ya anya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kacha nwee mmetụta n'oge niile, a na -ewerekwa ya dị ka akara ngosi ọdịbendị. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title=Pete Edochie, Olu Jacobs: The living 'godfathers' of Nollywood|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/pete-edochie-olu-jacobs-the-living-godfathers-of-nollywood/|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=10 July 2020|date=4 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na -ahụ ya dị ka ókè dị n'etiti ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.

Jacobs emeela akara ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa. N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ọ na -eme ihe nkiri, a na -ahụ ya dịka ókè dị n'etiti ụdị ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.  A zụrụ ya na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, dị na  England, ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị iche iche arụkọla ọrụ na Britain ma gosipụtakwa na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ụwa.

N'afọ 2007, o nwetara nturu ugo ihe nkiri 'African Movie Academy Award' ''maka onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma onye isi oru'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;newswatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm|title=A Race for Stars Only|author=Ogbu|first=Rachel|work=[[Newswatch (Nigeria)|Newswatch]]|accessdate=9 August 2010|archivedate=13 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013023039/https://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|title=Nominees &amp; Winners of AMAA 2007 @ a glance|publisher=The African Movie Academy Awards|accessdate=11 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210070846/http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|archivedate=10 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;mshale&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|title=Africa Celebrates Film Industry at AMAA 2007|author=Coker|first=Onikepo|date=4 May 2007|work=Mshale Newspaper|publisher=Mshale Communications|accessdate=5 September 2010|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303204433/http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa07&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2007|publisher=[[African Movie Academy Awards]]|accessdate=17 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012165834/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|archivedate=12 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olu Jacobs akọwapụtala onwe ya dị ka nna nna na Nollywood, na -emeghe ụzọ ịga nke ọma nye  ọtụtụ ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na amalite amalite. Mmasị na ịhụnanya ọ nwere  maka ime ihe nkiri sitere na mkpali nke onye na -eme ihe nkiri ama ama laarala mmụọ bụ, Hubert Ogunde na - emume oriri kwa afọ nke emere na Colonial Hotel dị na Kano, emesịa, ọ gawara England ebe ọ gụrụ maka ime ihe nkiri na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. A kọwara ya dị ka 'otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha mma, onye ntụgharị okwu kacha mma na onye na -ejikwa okwu kacha mma'. Maka ntunye uchu ọtunyere n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, a kwanyere ya ugwu site na nturu ugo ụlọ ọrụ nyere ya maka ọ pụrụ iche nke ọ pụrụ abịa n'ihe gbasara ihe ngosi na  Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards nke afọ 2013. Ọzọkwa, AMAA nyere ya ihe nrite nturu ugo gụrụ gawa na ndụ ya na 2016.

Olu Jacobs lụrụ nwanyị na -eme ihe nkiri bụ Joke Silva . Di na nwunye ahụ hiwere ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ Lufodo Group, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke mejupụtara mmepụta ihe nkiri, akụ nkesa na  ụlọ akwụkwọ Lufodo ebe ana akuzi gbasara emume ihe nkiri .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs bụ onye amụụrụ nne na nna si Egba Alake . Ọ nọrọ ndụ nwata ya na Kano &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Otagbo|first=Olasumbo|date=18 October 2014|title=How Hubert Ogunde inspired me to become an actor -Olu Jacobs|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/how-hubert-ogunde-inspired-me-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gaa Holy Trinity School ebe ọ bụ onye otu arụmụka na ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241226161433/http://www.naijarules.com/vb/nollywood-movie-stars/20070-my-happiest-moment-acting-olu-jacobs.html &quot;My Happiest Moment In Acting – Olu Jacobs&quot;], Naijarules.com.&lt;/ref&gt; A kpaliri ya ka o were ohere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ gara otu oriri egwu Chief Hubert Ogunde kwa afọ na Colonial Hotel dị na [[Kano]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, o nwetara visa wee gaa England ka ọ gụọ gbasara ihe nkiri.

Na England, Jacobs bụ onye azụrụ  na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. Ọ pụtara na ihe ngosi telivishọn Britain dị iche iche na usoro n'afọ 1970 (gụnyere ''The Goodies, Till Death Do Us  Part, Barlow at Large, The Venturers, Angels, 1990, Ndị Echi'' na ''Ndị Ọkachamara'' ). &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/21/i-disobeyed-my-dad-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=I disobeyed my dad to become an actor – Olu Jacobs|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|work=The Vanguard|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1978, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ngosipụta àgwà  nke Onye isi ala Mageeba na ihe ngosi Michael Codron nke egwu Sir Tom Stoppard ''Night na Day'' .

N'ime afọ 1980 gawazie Jacobs pụtara na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi, gụnyere ihe nkiri John Irvin ''The Dogs of War'', Roman Polanski 's adventure-comedy ''Pirates'' (1986) na ihe nkiri ezinụlọ ''Baby: Secret of the Legend Lost'' (1985). Na telivishọn, ọ bụ onye otu emume na TVS ' ''The Witches and the Grinnygog'' . &lt;ref&gt;A BBC-2 series that traces the history of acting. (14 July 1983). The Stage and Television Today (Archive: 1959–1994),, 15&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacobs emechaala gosipụta ihe nkiri Nollywood karịrị otu narị na iri abụọ . A na -ahụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood nke Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ya==
Jacobs lụrụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood Joke Silva kemgbe 1989. Ha nwere ụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2009/oct/16/showtime-16-10-2009-001.htm|title=How I met Joke Sylva – Olu Jacobs|publisher=The Sun Publishing Limited|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe kpatara na nwunye ya ka na -aza aha nwa agbọghọ ya, Jacobs zara, sị: “Ọ bụ onwe nke aka ya. Mgbe m zutere ya, ọ bụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri a maara dị ka Joke Silva yabụ kedu ihe kpatara ịlụ m ga -eji gọnarị ya na ndị na -ege ya ntị aha ya. Ọ bụ Miss Joke Silva onye bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs. Ọ dị mfe dị ka nke ahụ. Ndị mmadụ na -amalitezi ikwu ihe masịrị ha. Ha ededịla na anyị kewapụrụ onwe anyị na ụdị ihe niile. Mgbe ọ na -arụ ọrụ, ọ bụ Joke Silva mana ọ bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs n'ụlọ. ” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mjemagazine.com/wife-still-bears-maiden-name-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=Why My Wife Still Bears Her Maiden Name – Actor Olu Jacobs – MJ Celebrity Magazine|date=9 December 2013|work=MJ Celebrity Magazine|accessdate=8 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olu Jacobs nwụrụ na 16 Septemba 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84, site n'otu ọkwa nke nwa ya nwoke, Olusoji Jacobs, kwupụtara n'isi ụtụtụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Abulude |first1=Samuel |title=Just In : Veteran Actor, Olu Jacobs Is Dead |url=https://leadership.ng/just-in-veteran-icon-olu-jacobs-is-dead/ |access-date=16 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Times |first=Premium |date=2026-09-16 |title=Veteran Nollywood actor Olu Jacobs dies at 84 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/909979-breaking-veteran-nollywood-actor-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84.html |access-date=2026-09-16 |work=Premium Times |language=en-GB |issn=2360-7688}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
Olu Jacobs nwetara ihe nrite ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ha na -eme na 2013 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/olu-jacobs-honoured-at-amvca-awards-as-genevieve-and-funke-akindele-lose-out/|title=Olu Jacobs honoured at AMVCA awards as Genevieve, Funke Akindele lose out|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=10 March 2013|accessdate=9 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agba (ahọpụtara) ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:95%;&quot;
!Afọ
! Gosi
! Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1971
| ''Ndị mmụọ ozi na -egbu ọchụ: Ọdachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe ọchị na Black na White (egwuregwu)''
|
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1972
| ''Ụkwụ Cork Richard''
|
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Royal Court, London
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1974
| ''Obodo Black Mans''
| Nna Zachary Azuka
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Gate
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Julius Caesar''
| Otu n'ime ndị na -agụ akwụkwọ
| Ihe ngosi Royal National Theatre 1977 nke John Schlesinger duziri
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| ''Bar Beach Prelude'' na Transistor Radio
|
| Uwe mkpụmkpụ abụọ emegharịrị site na ọrụ Bode Sowande na Ken Saro Wiwa
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| Ụdị Alụmdi na Nwunye
| Obi
| Egwuregwu etiti
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Ihe nkiri Ochie''
| Chris Hunter (ndị gendarmes)
| Ngosi ihe nkiri nke mba
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1978
| ''Abalị na ehihie''
| Onye isi ala Mageeba
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Phoenix (London)
|}

== Filmografii ==
[[Usòrò:Olu_Jacobs_and_Joke_Silva.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Olu Jacobs na nwunye ya]]

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe nkiri
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1979
| ''Ashanti''
| Kọmishọna Batak
| 
|-
| 1980
| ''Nkịta Agha''
| Onye ọrụ kọstọm
| 
|-
| 1985
| ''Nwa: Nzuzo nke Akụkọ Ifuru furu efu''
| Kọl Nsogbu
| 
|-
| 1986
| ''Ndị ohi mmiri''
| Boomako
| 
|-
| 2012
| ''Adesuwa''
| Ezomo
|
|-
| 2013
| ''Potomanto''
| Bankole
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sparrow Productions bounces back with 'Four Big Things' - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sparrow-productions-bounces-back-with-four-big-things/|accessdate=2021-02-03|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014
| ''Kpọrọ nkụ''
| Ọkà okwu
| 
|-
| 2015
| ''Oloibiri''
| Timipre
| 
|-
| 2017
| ''Ụlọ nkwari akụ Royal Hibiscus''
| Richard
| 
|}

=== Ihe nkiri onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Mmemme
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1971
|The Goodies
|
| Oge nke abụọ, ihe nkiri 4 - &quot;agbụrụ furu efu nke Orinoco&quot;
|-
| 1974
|Till Death Do Us Part
| Onye na -arụzi igwe onyonyo
| Oge 5, ihe nkiri 3 - &quot;Ọgba na mgbachi&quot;
|-
| 1975
|Barlow at Large
| Motamba
| Oge 4, Episode 8 - &quot;Nchedo&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Venture
| Mbela
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Ihe egwu na obi owu&quot;
|-
| 1976
|Angels
| Musa Ladipo
| 3 ngosipụta
|-
| 1978
| ''1990''
| Alan Msawi
| Season 2, Episode 2 - &quot;The Market Price&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Tomorrow People
| General Papa Minn
| Oge 6, Ihe nkiri 5 &amp;amp;amp; 6 - &quot;Nsogbu Thargon: Nkebi 1 &amp; 2&quot;
|-
| 1979
|The Professionals
| Onye na -eme ihe nkiri
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 5 - &quot;ara nke Mickey Hamilton&quot;
|-
| 1982
| ''Squadron''
| Onye isi ala Gadin
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Cyclone&quot;
|-
| 1983
|The Witches and the Grinnygog
| Maazị Alabaster
| Ihe ngosi nke 1-4, 6
|-
| 1983
|Rumpole of The Bailey
| David Mazenze
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 2 - &quot;Rumpole na eriri ọla edo&quot;
|-
| 1984
|Play For Today
| David Mazenze
| Oge 14, Episode 16 - &quot;Nwanyị ahụ mara mma Stella Estelle&quot;
|-
| 1990
|The Third Eye
| Inspector Best Idafa
| Ọrụ onye ndu (1990 - 1993)
|-
|}

== Nrụtụaka ==


[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Databox}}
'''Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs,''' {{Audio|Yo-Olu Jacobs.ogg|Audio}} (onye a mụrụ 11 Julaị 1942, ọ nwụzikwara na 16 Septemba 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bolarinwa |first=David |date=2026-09-16 |title=BREAKING: Olu Jacobs Dies at 84 |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/breaking-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Trending News}}&lt;/ref&gt;), amara site n'ezi ngosipụta àgwà dị ka '''Olu Jacobs,''' bụ Omee nke Nigeria na ezekutiv fiim. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=editor|date=2021-07-31|title=July: Of Exuberance and Melancholy|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/31/july-of-exuberance-and-melancholy/|accessdate=2021-08-21|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri onyonyo nke telivishọn Britain na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522052823/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archivedate=22 May 2009|title=Filmography of Olu Jacobs|publisher=[[British Film Institute|The British Film Institute]]|accessdate=12 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị etoola Olu Jacobs dịka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kachasị ukwuu na nke a na -akwanyere ùgwù na ọgbọ ya., tinyere [[Pete Edochie]], ọtụtụ ndị mgbasa ozi, ndị na -akọwa ihe nkiri, ndị nkatọ na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na -ele ya anya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kacha nwee mmetụta n'oge niile, a na -ewerekwa ya dị ka akara ngosi ọdịbendị. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title=Pete Edochie, Olu Jacobs: The living 'godfathers' of Nollywood|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/pete-edochie-olu-jacobs-the-living-godfathers-of-nollywood/|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=10 July 2020|date=4 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na -ahụ ya dị ka ókè dị n'etiti ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.

Jacobs emeela akara ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa. N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ọ na -eme ihe nkiri, a na -ahụ ya dịka ókè dị n'etiti ụdị ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.  A zụrụ ya na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, dị na  England, ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị iche iche arụkọla ọrụ na Britain ma gosipụtakwa na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ụwa.

N'afọ 2007, o nwetara nturu ugo ihe nkiri 'African Movie Academy Award' ''maka onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma onye isi oru'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;newswatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm|title=A Race for Stars Only|author=Ogbu|first=Rachel|work=[[Newswatch (Nigeria)|Newswatch]]|accessdate=9 August 2010|archivedate=13 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013023039/https://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|title=Nominees &amp; Winners of AMAA 2007 @ a glance|publisher=The African Movie Academy Awards|accessdate=11 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210070846/http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|archivedate=10 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;mshale&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|title=Africa Celebrates Film Industry at AMAA 2007|author=Coker|first=Onikepo|date=4 May 2007|work=Mshale Newspaper|publisher=Mshale Communications|accessdate=5 September 2010|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303204433/http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa07&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2007|publisher=[[African Movie Academy Awards]]|accessdate=17 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012165834/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|archivedate=12 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olu Jacobs akọwapụtala onwe ya dị ka nna nna na Nollywood, na -emeghe ụzọ ịga nke ọma nye  ọtụtụ ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na amalite amalite. Mmasị na ịhụnanya ọ nwere  maka ime ihe nkiri sitere na mkpali nke onye na -eme ihe nkiri ama ama laarala mmụọ bụ, Hubert Ogunde na - emume oriri kwa afọ nke emere na Colonial Hotel dị na Kano, emesịa, ọ gawara England ebe ọ gụrụ maka ime ihe nkiri na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. A kọwara ya dị ka 'otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha mma, onye ntụgharị okwu kacha mma na onye na -ejikwa okwu kacha mma'. Maka ntunye uchu ọtunyere n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, a kwanyere ya ugwu site na nturu ugo ụlọ ọrụ nyere ya maka ọ pụrụ iche nke ọ pụrụ abịa n'ihe gbasara ihe ngosi na  Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards nke afọ 2013. Ọzọkwa, AMAA nyere ya ihe nrite nturu ugo gụrụ gawa na ndụ ya na 2016.

Olu Jacobs lụrụ nwanyị na -eme ihe nkiri bụ Joke Silva . Di na nwunye ahụ hiwere ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ Lufodo Group, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke mejupụtara mmepụta ihe nkiri, akụ nkesa na  ụlọ akwụkwọ Lufodo ebe ana akuzi gbasara emume ihe nkiri .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs bụ onye amụụrụ nne na nna si Egba Alake . Ọ nọrọ ndụ nwata ya na Kano &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Otagbo|first=Olasumbo|date=18 October 2014|title=How Hubert Ogunde inspired me to become an actor -Olu Jacobs|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/how-hubert-ogunde-inspired-me-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gaa Holy Trinity School ebe ọ bụ onye otu arụmụka na ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241226161433/http://www.naijarules.com/vb/nollywood-movie-stars/20070-my-happiest-moment-acting-olu-jacobs.html &quot;My Happiest Moment In Acting – Olu Jacobs&quot;], Naijarules.com.&lt;/ref&gt; A kpaliri ya ka o were ohere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ gara otu oriri egwu Chief Hubert Ogunde kwa afọ na Colonial Hotel dị na [[Kano]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, o nwetara visa wee gaa England ka ọ gụọ gbasara ihe nkiri.

Na England, Jacobs bụ onye azụrụ  na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. Ọ pụtara na ihe ngosi telivishọn Britain dị iche iche na usoro n'afọ 1970 (gụnyere ''The Goodies, Till Death Do Us  Part, Barlow at Large, The Venturers, Angels, 1990, Ndị Echi'' na ''Ndị Ọkachamara'' ). &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/21/i-disobeyed-my-dad-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=I disobeyed my dad to become an actor – Olu Jacobs|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|work=The Vanguard|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1978, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ngosipụta àgwà  nke Onye isi ala Mageeba na ihe ngosi Michael Codron nke egwu Sir Tom Stoppard ''Night na Day'' .

N'ime afọ 1980 gawazie Jacobs pụtara na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi, gụnyere ihe nkiri John Irvin ''The Dogs of War'', Roman Polanski 's adventure-comedy ''Pirates'' (1986) na ihe nkiri ezinụlọ ''Baby: Secret of the Legend Lost'' (1985). Na telivishọn, ọ bụ onye otu emume na TVS ' ''The Witches and the Grinnygog'' . &lt;ref&gt;A BBC-2 series that traces the history of acting. (14 July 1983). The Stage and Television Today (Archive: 1959–1994),, 15&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacobs emechaala gosipụta ihe nkiri Nollywood karịrị otu narị na iri abụọ . A na -ahụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood nke Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ya==
Jacobs lụrụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood Joke Silva kemgbe 1989. Ha nwere ụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2009/oct/16/showtime-16-10-2009-001.htm|title=How I met Joke Sylva – Olu Jacobs|publisher=The Sun Publishing Limited|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe kpatara na nwunye ya ka na -aza aha nwa agbọghọ ya, Jacobs zara, sị: “Ọ bụ onwe nke aka ya. Mgbe m zutere ya, ọ bụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri a maara dị ka Joke Silva yabụ kedu ihe kpatara ịlụ m ga -eji gọnarị ya na ndị na -ege ya ntị aha ya. Ọ bụ Miss Joke Silva onye bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs. Ọ dị mfe dị ka nke ahụ. Ndị mmadụ na -amalitezi ikwu ihe masịrị ha. Ha ededịla na anyị kewapụrụ onwe anyị na ụdị ihe niile. Mgbe ọ na -arụ ọrụ, ọ bụ Joke Silva mana ọ bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs n'ụlọ. ” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mjemagazine.com/wife-still-bears-maiden-name-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=Why My Wife Still Bears Her Maiden Name – Actor Olu Jacobs – MJ Celebrity Magazine|date=9 December 2013|work=MJ Celebrity Magazine|accessdate=8 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olu Jacobs nwụrụ na 16 Septemba 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84, site n'otu ọkwa nke nwa ya nwoke, Olusoji Jacobs, kwupụtara n'isi ụtụtụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Abulude |first1=Samuel |title=Just In : Veteran Actor, Olu Jacobs Is Dead |url=https://leadership.ng/just-in-veteran-icon-olu-jacobs-is-dead/ |access-date=16 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Times |first=Premium |date=2026-09-16 |title=Veteran Nollywood actor Olu Jacobs dies at 84 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/909979-breaking-veteran-nollywood-actor-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84.html |access-date=2026-09-16 |work=Premium Times |language=en-GB |issn=2360-7688}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
Olu Jacobs nwetara ihe nrite ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ha na -eme na 2013 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/olu-jacobs-honoured-at-amvca-awards-as-genevieve-and-funke-akindele-lose-out/|title=Olu Jacobs honoured at AMVCA awards as Genevieve, Funke Akindele lose out|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=10 March 2013|accessdate=9 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agba (ahọpụtara) ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:95%;&quot;
!Afọ
! Gosi
! Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1971
| ''Ndị mmụọ ozi na -egbu ọchụ: Ọdachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe ọchị na Black na White (egwuregwu)''
|
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1972
| ''Ụkwụ Cork Richard''
|
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Royal Court, London
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1974
| ''Obodo Black Mans''
| Nna Zachary Azuka
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Gate
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Julius Caesar''
| Otu n'ime ndị na -agụ akwụkwọ
| Ihe ngosi Royal National Theatre 1977 nke John Schlesinger duziri
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| ''Bar Beach Prelude'' na Transistor Radio
|
| Uwe mkpụmkpụ abụọ emegharịrị site na ọrụ Bode Sowande na Ken Saro Wiwa
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| Ụdị Alụmdi na Nwunye
| Obi
| Egwuregwu etiti
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Ihe nkiri Ochie''
| Chris Hunter (ndị gendarmes)
| Ngosi ihe nkiri nke mba
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1978
| ''Abalị na ehihie''
| Onye isi ala Mageeba
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Phoenix (London)
|}

== Filmografii ==
[[Usòrò:Olu_Jacobs_and_Joke_Silva.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Olu Jacobs na nwunye ya]]

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe nkiri
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1979
| ''Ashanti''
| Kọmishọna Batak
| 
|-
| 1980
| ''Nkịta Agha''
| Onye ọrụ kọstọm
| 
|-
| 1985
| ''Nwa: Nzuzo nke Akụkọ Ifuru furu efu''
| Kọl Nsogbu
| 
|-
| 1986
| ''Ndị ohi mmiri''
| Boomako
| 
|-
| 2012
| ''Adesuwa''
| Ezomo
|
|-
| 2013
| ''Potomanto''
| Bankole
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sparrow Productions bounces back with 'Four Big Things' - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sparrow-productions-bounces-back-with-four-big-things/|accessdate=2021-02-03|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014
| ''Kpọrọ nkụ''
| Ọkà okwu
| 
|-
| 2015
| ''Oloibiri''
| Timipre
| 
|-
| 2017
| ''Ụlọ nkwari akụ Royal Hibiscus''
| Richard
| 
|}

=== Ihe nkiri onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Mmemme
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1971
|The Goodies
|
| Oge nke abụọ, ihe nkiri 4 - &quot;agbụrụ furu efu nke Orinoco&quot;
|-
| 1974
|Till Death Do Us Part
| Onye na -arụzi igwe onyonyo
| Oge 5, ihe nkiri 3 - &quot;Ọgba na mgbachi&quot;
|-
| 1975
|Barlow at Large
| Motamba
| Oge 4, Episode 8 - &quot;Nchedo&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Venture
| Mbela
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Ihe egwu na obi owu&quot;
|-
| 1976
|Angels
| Musa Ladipo
| 3 ngosipụta
|-
| 1978
| ''1990''
| Alan Msawi
| Season 2, Episode 2 - &quot;The Market Price&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Tomorrow People
| General Papa Minn
| Oge 6, Ihe nkiri 5 &amp;amp;amp; 6 - &quot;Nsogbu Thargon: Nkebi 1 &amp; 2&quot;
|-
| 1979
|The Professionals
| Onye na -eme ihe nkiri
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 5 - &quot;ara nke Mickey Hamilton&quot;
|-
| 1982
| ''Squadron''
| Onye isi ala Gadin
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Cyclone&quot;
|-
| 1983
|The Witches and the Grinnygog
| Maazị Alabaster
| Ihe ngosi nke 1-4, 6
|-
| 1983
|Rumpole of The Bailey
| David Mazenze
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 2 - &quot;Rumpole na eriri ọla edo&quot;
|-
| 1984
|Play For Today
| David Mazenze
| Oge 14, Episode 16 - &quot;Nwanyị ahụ mara mma Stella Estelle&quot;
|-
| 1990
|The Third Eye
| Inspector Best Idafa
| Ọrụ onye ndu (1990 - 1993)
|-
|}

== Nrụtụaka ==</text>
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{{Databox}}
'''Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs,''' {{Audio|Yo-Olu Jacobs.ogg|Audio}} (onye a mụrụ 11 Julaị 1942, ọ nwụzikwara na 16 Septemba 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bolarinwa |first=David |date=2026-09-16 |title=BREAKING: Olu Jacobs Dies at 84 |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/breaking-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Trending News}}&lt;/ref&gt;), amara site n'ezi ngosipụta àgwà dị ka '''Olu Jacobs,''' bụ Omee nke Nigeria na ezekutiv fiim. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=editor|date=2021-07-31|title=July: Of Exuberance and Melancholy|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/31/july-of-exuberance-and-melancholy/|accessdate=2021-08-21|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri onyonyo nke telivishọn Britain na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522052823/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/103563?view=credit|archivedate=22 May 2009|title=Filmography of Olu Jacobs|publisher=[[British Film Institute|The British Film Institute]]|accessdate=12 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị etoola Olu Jacobs dịka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kachasị ukwuu na nke a na -akwanyere ùgwù na ọgbọ ya., tinyere [[Pete Edochie]], ọtụtụ ndị mgbasa ozi, ndị na -akọwa ihe nkiri, ndị nkatọ na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na -ele ya anya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Afrịka kacha nwee mmetụta n'oge niile, a na -ewerekwa ya dị ka akara ngosi ọdịbendị. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title=Pete Edochie, Olu Jacobs: The living 'godfathers' of Nollywood|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/pete-edochie-olu-jacobs-the-living-godfathers-of-nollywood/|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=10 July 2020|date=4 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na -ahụ ya dị ka ókè dị n'etiti ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.

Jacobs emeela akara ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa. N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ọ na -eme ihe nkiri, a na -ahụ ya dịka ókè dị n'etiti ụdị ndị na -eme ihe nkiri ochie na ndị ọhụrụ.  A zụrụ ya na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, dị na  England, ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị iche iche arụkọla ọrụ na Britain ma gosipụtakwa na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mba ụwa.

N'afọ 2007, o nwetara nturu ugo ihe nkiri 'African Movie Academy Award' ''maka onye na -eme ihe nkiri kacha mma onye isi oru'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;newswatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm|title=A Race for Stars Only|author=Ogbu|first=Rachel|work=[[Newswatch (Nigeria)|Newswatch]]|accessdate=9 August 2010|archivedate=13 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013023039/https://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/allaccess/bob/10420161422.htm/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|title=Nominees &amp; Winners of AMAA 2007 @ a glance|publisher=The African Movie Academy Awards|accessdate=11 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210070846/http://www.ama-awards.com/winners2007.html|archivedate=10 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;mshale&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|title=Africa Celebrates Film Industry at AMAA 2007|author=Coker|first=Onikepo|date=4 May 2007|work=Mshale Newspaper|publisher=Mshale Communications|accessdate=5 September 2010|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303204433/http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;amaa07&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2007|publisher=[[African Movie Academy Awards]]|accessdate=17 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012165834/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007|archivedate=12 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Olu Jacobs akọwapụtala onwe ya dị ka nna nna na Nollywood, na -emeghe ụzọ ịga nke ọma nye  ọtụtụ ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na ndị na -eme ihe nkiri na amalite amalite. Mmasị na ịhụnanya ọ nwere  maka ime ihe nkiri sitere na mkpali nke onye na -eme ihe nkiri ama ama laarala mmụọ bụ, Hubert Ogunde na - emume oriri kwa afọ nke emere na Colonial Hotel dị na Kano, emesịa, ọ gawara England ebe ọ gụrụ maka ime ihe nkiri na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. A kọwara ya dị ka 'otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha mma, onye ntụgharị okwu kacha mma na onye na -ejikwa okwu kacha mma'. Maka ntunye uchu ọtunyere n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, a kwanyere ya ugwu site na nturu ugo ụlọ ọrụ nyere ya maka ọ pụrụ iche nke ọ pụrụ abịa n'ihe gbasara ihe ngosi na  Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards nke afọ 2013. Ọzọkwa, AMAA nyere ya ihe nrite nturu ugo gụrụ gawa na ndụ ya na 2016.

Olu Jacobs lụrụ nwanyị na -eme ihe nkiri bụ Joke Silva . Di na nwunye ahụ hiwere ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ Lufodo Group, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke mejupụtara mmepụta ihe nkiri, akụ nkesa na  ụlọ akwụkwọ Lufodo ebe ana akuzi gbasara emume ihe nkiri .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Oludotun Baiyewu Jacobs bụ onye amụụrụ nne na nna si Egba Alake . Ọ nọrọ ndụ nwata ya na Kano &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Otagbo|first=Olasumbo|date=18 October 2014|title=How Hubert Ogunde inspired me to become an actor -Olu Jacobs|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/how-hubert-ogunde-inspired-me-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gaa Holy Trinity School ebe ọ bụ onye otu arụmụka na ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241226161433/http://www.naijarules.com/vb/nollywood-movie-stars/20070-my-happiest-moment-acting-olu-jacobs.html &quot;My Happiest Moment In Acting – Olu Jacobs&quot;], Naijarules.com.&lt;/ref&gt; A kpaliri ya ka o were ohere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ gara otu oriri egwu Chief Hubert Ogunde kwa afọ na Colonial Hotel dị na [[Kano]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ota&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, o nwetara visa wee gaa England ka ọ gụọ gbasara ihe nkiri.

Na England, Jacobs bụ onye azụrụ  na Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts na London. Ọ pụtara na ihe ngosi telivishọn Britain dị iche iche na usoro n'afọ 1970 (gụnyere ''The Goodies, Till Death Do Us  Part, Barlow at Large, The Venturers, Angels, 1990, Ndị Echi'' na ''Ndị Ọkachamara'' ). &lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/21/i-disobeyed-my-dad-to-become-an-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=I disobeyed my dad to become an actor – Olu Jacobs|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|work=The Vanguard|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1978, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ngosipụta àgwà  nke Onye isi ala Mageeba na ihe ngosi Michael Codron nke egwu Sir Tom Stoppard ''Night na Day'' .

N'ime afọ 1980 gawazie Jacobs pụtara na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri mba ofesi, gụnyere ihe nkiri John Irvin ''The Dogs of War'', Roman Polanski 's adventure-comedy ''Pirates'' (1986) na ihe nkiri ezinụlọ ''Baby: Secret of the Legend Lost'' (1985). Na telivishọn, ọ bụ onye otu emume na TVS ' ''The Witches and the Grinnygog'' . &lt;ref&gt;A BBC-2 series that traces the history of acting. (14 July 1983). The Stage and Television Today (Archive: 1959–1994),, 15&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacobs emechaala gosipụta ihe nkiri Nollywood karịrị otu narị na iri abụọ . A na -ahụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood nke Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;njoku&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ya==
Jacobs lụrụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri Nollywood Joke Silva kemgbe 1989. Ha nwere ụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2009/oct/16/showtime-16-10-2009-001.htm|title=How I met Joke Sylva – Olu Jacobs|publisher=The Sun Publishing Limited|accessdate=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe kpatara na nwunye ya ka na -aza aha nwa agbọghọ ya, Jacobs zara, sị: “Ọ bụ onwe nke aka ya. Mgbe m zutere ya, ọ bụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri a maara dị ka Joke Silva yabụ kedu ihe kpatara ịlụ m ga -eji gọnarị ya na ndị na -ege ya ntị aha ya. Ọ bụ Miss Joke Silva onye bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs. Ọ dị mfe dị ka nke ahụ. Ndị mmadụ na -amalitezi ikwu ihe masịrị ha. Ha ededịla na anyị kewapụrụ onwe anyị na ụdị ihe niile. Mgbe ọ na -arụ ọrụ, ọ bụ Joke Silva mana ọ bụ Oriakụ. Joke Jacobs n'ụlọ. ” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mjemagazine.com/wife-still-bears-maiden-name-actor-olu-jacobs/|title=Why My Wife Still Bears Her Maiden Name – Actor Olu Jacobs – MJ Celebrity Magazine|date=9 December 2013|work=MJ Celebrity Magazine|accessdate=8 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olu Jacobs nwụrụ na 16 Septemba 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84, site n'otu ọkwa nke nwa ya nwoke, Olusoji Jacobs, kwupụtara n'isi ụtụtụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Abulude |first1=Samuel |title=Just In : Veteran Actor, Olu Jacobs Is Dead |url=https://leadership.ng/just-in-veteran-icon-olu-jacobs-is-dead/ |access-date=16 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Times |first=Premium |date=2026-09-16 |title=Veteran Nollywood actor Olu Jacobs dies at 84 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/909979-breaking-veteran-nollywood-actor-olu-jacobs-dies-at-84.html |access-date=2026-09-16 |work=Premium Times |language=en-GB |issn=2360-7688}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
Olu Jacobs nwetara ihe nrite ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ha na -eme na 2013 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/olu-jacobs-honoured-at-amvca-awards-as-genevieve-and-funke-akindele-lose-out/|title=Olu Jacobs honoured at AMVCA awards as Genevieve, Funke Akindele lose out|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=10 March 2013|accessdate=9 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agba (ahọpụtara) ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:95%;&quot;
!Afọ
! Gosi
! Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1971
| ''Ndị mmụọ ozi na -egbu ọchụ: Ọdachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe ọchị na Black na White (egwuregwu)''
|
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1972
| ''Ụkwụ Cork Richard''
|
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Royal Court, London
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1974
| ''Obodo Black Mans''
| Nna Zachary Azuka
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Gate
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Julius Caesar''
| Otu n'ime ndị na -agụ akwụkwọ
| Ihe ngosi Royal National Theatre 1977 nke John Schlesinger duziri
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| ''Bar Beach Prelude'' na Transistor Radio
|
| Uwe mkpụmkpụ abụọ emegharịrị site na ọrụ Bode Sowande na Ken Saro Wiwa
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1976
| Ụdị Alụmdi na Nwunye
| Obi
| Egwuregwu etiti
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1977
| ''Ihe nkiri Ochie''
| Chris Hunter (ndị gendarmes)
| Ngosi ihe nkiri nke mba
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1978
| ''Abalị na ehihie''
| Onye isi ala Mageeba
| Ụlọ ihe nkiri Phoenix (London)
|}

== Filmografii ==
[[Usòrò:Olu_Jacobs_and_Joke_Silva.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Olu Jacobs na nwunye ya]]

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe nkiri
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1979
| ''Ashanti''
| Kọmishọna Batak
| 
|-
| 1980
| ''Nkịta Agha''
| Onye ọrụ kọstọm
| 
|-
| 1985
| ''Nwa: Nzuzo nke Akụkọ Ifuru furu efu''
| Kọl Nsogbu
| 
|-
| 1986
| ''Ndị ohi mmiri''
| Boomako
| 
|-
| 2012
| ''Adesuwa''
| Ezomo
|
|-
| 2013
| ''Potomanto''
| Bankole
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sparrow Productions bounces back with 'Four Big Things' - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sparrow-productions-bounces-back-with-four-big-things/|accessdate=2021-02-03|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014
| ''Kpọrọ nkụ''
| Ọkà okwu
| 
|-
| 2015
| ''Oloibiri''
| Timipre
| 
|-
| 2017
| ''Ụlọ nkwari akụ Royal Hibiscus''
| Richard
| 
|}

=== Ihe nkiri onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Mmemme
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ihe edeturu
|-
| 1971
|The Goodies
|
| Oge nke abụọ, ihe nkiri 4 - &quot;agbụrụ furu efu nke Orinoco&quot;
|-
| 1974
|Till Death Do Us Part
| Onye na -arụzi igwe onyonyo
| Oge 5, ihe nkiri 3 - &quot;Ọgba na mgbachi&quot;
|-
| 1975
|Barlow at Large
| Motamba
| Oge 4, Episode 8 - &quot;Nchedo&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Venture
| Mbela
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Ihe egwu na obi owu&quot;
|-
| 1976
|Angels
| Musa Ladipo
| 3 ngosipụta
|-
| 1978
| ''1990''
| Alan Msawi
| Season 2, Episode 2 - &quot;The Market Price&quot;
|-
| 1975
|The Tomorrow People
| General Papa Minn
| Oge 6, Ihe nkiri 5 &amp;amp;amp; 6 - &quot;Nsogbu Thargon: Nkebi 1 &amp; 2&quot;
|-
| 1979
|The Professionals
| Onye na -eme ihe nkiri
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 5 - &quot;ara nke Mickey Hamilton&quot;
|-
| 1982
| ''Squadron''
| Onye isi ala Gadin
| Oge 1, Nkeji 10 - &quot;Cyclone&quot;
|-
| 1983
|The Witches and the Grinnygog
| Maazị Alabaster
| Ihe ngosi nke 1-4, 6
|-
| 1983
|Rumpole of The Bailey
| David Mazenze
| Oge 3, ihe nkiri 2 - &quot;Rumpole na eriri ọla edo&quot;
|-
| 1984
|Play For Today
| David Mazenze
| Oge 14, Episode 16 - &quot;Nwanyị ahụ mara mma Stella Estelle&quot;
|-
| 1990
|The Third Eye
| Inspector Best Idafa
| Ọrụ onye ndu (1990 - 1993)
|-
|}

== Nrụtụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]]</text>
      <sha1>pp4rcdpedcpwkmhmoo2hb4od8gayda4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fausat Balogun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>725870</id>
      <parentid>721254</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T02:09:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>11600</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3765" sha1="smgakgqragcw9lmnv7sfusps80e7mia" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Fausat Balogun''' {{Audio|Yo-Fausat Balogun.ogg|Audio}} (nke a makwaara dị ka '''Madam Saje''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; amuru Febụwarị 13, 1959) bụ onye omere Naijiria na- eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba.]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.naijagists.com/fausat-balogun-madam-saje-how-i-met-my-husband-rafiu-my-journey-into-nollywood/|title=Fausat Balogun Madam Saje:How I Met My Husband Rafiu &amp; My Journey Into Nollywood|work=Naija Gists|author=Olonilua|first=Ademola|date=16 May 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/why-i-reject-english-rolemadam-saje/|title=Why I Reject English Role... Madam Saje|work=[[Daily Times of Nigeria]]|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-date=9 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909222156/http://dailytimes.com.ng/why-i-reject-english-rolemadam-saje/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara egwu dị ka '''Mama Saje''' na usoro onyonyo 1990 akpọrọ ''Erin Kee Kee'' . Fausat emeela ihe nkiri n'ihe karịrị ihe nkiri iri asatọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulse.ng/movies/madam-saje-i-reject-scripts-from-english-speaking-movies-yoruba-actress-reveals-id3764008.html|title='I reject scripts from English speaking movies,' Yoruba actress reveals|work=Pulse Nigeria|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|date=16 May 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-date=29 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229124348/http://pulse.ng/movies/madam-saje-i-reject-scripts-from-english-speaking-movies-yoruba-actress-reveals-id3764008.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;family&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.com.ng/interview-with-yoruba-actress-fausat-balogun-a-k-a-madam-saje/|title=Interview With Yoruba Actress Fausat Balogun a.k.a Madam Saje|work=Daily Mail Nigeria|date=26 January 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016|archive-date=8 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208020745/http://dailymail.com.ng/interview-with-yoruba-actress-fausat-balogun-a-k-a-madam-saje/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Balogun lụrụ onye omee Rafiu Balogun. Ọ bụ ya bụ onyeisi ya tupu ha alụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ka ọ na-erule oge a ma ama, ụmụ ya bụ ndị okenye. Ọkpara ya bụ onye nduzi na nwa ya nwanyị nke ọdụdụ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;family&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ahọpụtara ==

*''Oyelaja''
*''Owo Onibara''
*''Okan Mi''
*''Akebaje''
*''Ladigbolu''
*''Morenike''
*''Oko Mama E''
*''Tanimola''
*''Nkan Okunkun''
*''Adufe''
*''Leyin Akponle''
*''Laba Laba''
*''Itelorun''
*''Omo Elemosho''
*''Iyawo Ojokan''
*''Ife Kobami''
*''Gbogbo Lomo''
*''Asepamo''
*''Eto Obinrin''
*''Iyawo Elenu Razor''
*''Kokoro Ate''
*''Omoge Elepa''
*''Olaitan Anikura''
*''Oju Elegba''
*''Langbodo''
*''Ologo Nla''
*''Abgara Obinrin''
*''Eepo''
*''Moriyeba''
*''Orisirisi (Kose Gbo)''
*''Serekode''
*''Ojo Ikunle''
*''Alase Aye''
*''Imported Lomo''
*''Adun Ale''
*''Ileri Oluwa''
*''Ogbun Aye''
*''Omo Pupa''
*''Òmìn''
*''O Ti Poju''
*''Olowo Laye Mo''
*''Irenimoyan''
*''Alaimore''
*''Olasunkanmi''
*''Salawa''

== Nkwenye ==
N'oge mbipụta 2016 nke City People Entertainment Awards, e nyere ya onyinye nkwanye ugwu pụrụ iche maka &quot;onyinye dị ịrịba ama na uto nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na Nigeria&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/07/full-list-of-winners-at-2016-city-people-entertainment-awards/|title=Full List Of Winners at 2016 City People Entertainment Awards|work=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|author=Adedayo Showemimo|date=26 July 2016|accessdate=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsidee ==
 {{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{IMDb name|nm2329204|Fausat Balogun}}
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'''Ideato South''' bụ ọchịchị ime obodo na [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|steeti Imo]], ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Naijiria]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajazeb/article/download/41147/8555|title=Gully Characterization and Soil Properties in Selected Communities in Ideato South Lga, Imo State, Nigeria|first=Charles Uwadiae|author=Oyegun|journal=Nature and Science|volume=14|issue=2|issn=2375-7167|date=2016|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ideato South, nwere ngụkọta nke obodo iri abụọ na atọ kwụụrụ onwe ya, o nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya n'obodo Dikenafai, isi iyi Osimiri Orashi . &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://tours.logbaby.com/imo/content/attractions.html|title=The source of Urashi River|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/view/47562/33939|title=Urashi Waterfall Ecotourism Development and Cultural Challenges in Dikenafai, Ideato South Local Government Area, Nigeria|first=Henry M|author=Ijeoma|journal=African Research Review: An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia|volume=7|issn=1119-023X|date=2008|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.oralhistory-productions.org/articles/MyFathersVillage.pdf|title=My Father's Village – Excerpts from a Memoir in Progress (New York)|author=Nema Obih (E.Obih-Frank)|date=2004|accessdate=May 21, 2016|archive-date=August 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805145131/http://www.oralhistory-productions.org/articles/MyFathersVillage.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ideato South nwere mpaghara 88&amp;nbsp;km² yana ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 159,879 site na ngụkọ census 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://idslga-govt.net/about%20us.html?ckattempt=1|title=Ideato South Local Government Area, IDSLGA: About Us|date=2014|accessdate=May 21, 2016|archive-date=June 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617004355/http://idslga-govt.net/about%20us.html?ckattempt=1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://ideatosouthunion.com/#/history/4545980888|title=IDEATO SOUTH UNION UK: History|accessdate=May 21, 2016|archive-date=March 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306113504/http://ideatosouthunion.com/#/history/4545980888|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koodu nzipu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ 475. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2009-12-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Ideato South bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta ihe ụgbọ a na-ere ere nakwa nke a na-eri eri. Ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-enweta ego gụnyere nkwụ mmanụ, nkwụ raffia, groundnut, egusi, owu, koko, rọba ebe nri a na-akụ bụ ji, akpu, ede, achịcha, ji akwụkwọ atọ wdg. Ha bụkwa ndị ahịa.

Ndị na-elekọta omenala ha bụ Ezes, Nzes, ndị ọzọ, Durunzes etc na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche gbasara omenala ha. Ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu nkeonwe nke a na-akpọ Mahadum Eastern Palm dị na Ideato South. Ụmụ amaala na ndị bi na Ideato South bụkariri ndị Katọlik na ndị Anglịkan .

== Ogbe kwụụrụ onwe ya ==
Enwere obodo iri abụọ na atọ (23) kwụụrụ onwe ya na Ideato-South LGA. Ndia bu: Nneato Ogwugwu, Isiekenesi, Dikenafai, Dimagu, Okohia and Umuaghobe. Ndị ọzọ bukwa Awalla, Umuakam, Umuago, Umuobom Umuezedike Duruahurunwa, Umucheke, Umumaisiaku, Amanator, Umueshi, Ntueke, Okohia, Umuchima, Ugbelle, Umulewe and Ogwume, Umuezealla-Ogboko na Ogboko&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

== Mmiri ==
[[Usòrò:Umucheke_road.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ụzọ ajị anụ n'oge mmiri ozuzo na Umucheke.]]
Osimiri Orashi na -apụ na obodo Ezeama dị na Dikenafai . &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.imoreporters.com/index.php/source-and-natural-course|title=Urashi River- Its Source and Natural Course|accessdate=May 20, 2016|archive-date=June 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611121039/http://www.imoreporters.com/index.php/source-and-natural-course|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akọwara dị ka ụzọ ndụ maka obodo Ideato South, iyi Orashi na-eje ozi dị ka osimiri, nke ha jị eme ihe dị iche iche dika ịñụ añu, ịsa ahụ na ọtụtụ ebumnuche ndị ọzọ nye obodo ndi dịka Umulewe, Umuezealla-Ogboko, Umuchima na Ntueke. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.channelstv.com/tag/umulewe/|title=NGO Partners With Imo, Sinks Borehole In 3 Communities|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbuze ==
Ideato South, dị ka ọtụtụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị na Orlu senatorial zone, enwela nsogbu mbuze dị ka Umueshi, Umuezealla-Ogboko. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot; /&gt; Emalitere mmemme ntinye aka iji wee gbochie ihe nkea. Amanato na Ntueke dị ka obodo ndị gbara agbata obi (mmiri na-atụnye ụtụ). &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/02/09/000442464_20150209092214/Rendered/PDF/RP12250V90Umue00Box385433B00PUBLIC0.pdf|title=Resettlement Action Plan for Umueshi Ideato-South Erosion Gully Site, Imo State|date=September 2014|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-arịọ maka nkwado na Septemba 2000, onye isi oche nke ọchịchị ime obodo, Chief Ethelbert Okwaranya kwuru na e nwere ebe iri abụọ na isii nke mere ihe mebiri emebi nke gburu ọtụtụ mmadụ ma mee ka ọtụtụ puku mmadụ ghara inwe ebe obibi. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceM&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200009180043.html|title=Nigeria: Ideato South Local Government Boss Pleads With Federal Government On Erosion|date=September 18, 2000|accessdate=May 24, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obodo ndị ọzọ nọ na mpaghara ahụ na-enwe nsogbu a gụnyere Umuojisi. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/umuojisi-people-sob-erosion-sacks-community|title=Umuojisi People sob as Erosion Sacks Community|date=April 30, 2015|accessdate=May 23, 2016|archive-date=May 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501192517/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/umuojisi-people-sob-erosion-sacks-community|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọkụkọ nri na oke ohia ==
Ideato-South na-adabere n'ụzọ na ọrụ ugbo na azụmahịa, ọrụ ndị mmadụ na-arụ bụ ọrụ ugbo na ịzụ ahịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt; A na-ebuga ọtụtụ ihe ha na-akụ n'ahia (Eke, Orie, Afo na Nkwo). Ihe ubi ha na-enweta gụnyere nkwụ mmanụ, nkwụ raffia, groundnut, egusi, owu, koko, rọba, ọka, wdg. Ihe ọkụkụ dị ka ji, akpu; A na-amịkwa koko, ụkwa na ji akwụkwọ atọ n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Ebe Lokal Gọọmenti a dị n'ime oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na-enye ya ntọala maka mmepụta nke ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche nke okpomọkụ nwere ikike zuru oke maka mgbakọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

N'ime afọ iri gara aga ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ebutela nnukwu nsogbu n'ala, oke ọhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ sitere n'okike, na-ebute ụkọ anụ ụlọ bụ ihe e ji mara ebe ndị na-azụ atụrụ bi. Oge enweghị ihe ubi na-adịkarị karịa otu afọ na n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ịgha mkpụrụ mgbe niile bụ ụkpụrụ. Obere ihe ọkụkụ na ịrapagidesi ike n'ihi mbuze ejikọtawo na-anwa ndị mmadụ ime njem na-achọ ọrụ n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mba ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

N'ịhụ na dịka ụzọ maka ịkwalite mmepe ọrụ ugbo, a na-akpọ ndị na-edebe ego n'onwe ha ka ha sonye na mmepụta ugbo kpọmkwem, site n'itinye ego n'ịkụ mkpụrụ na ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ dị ka ọka, [[Oskàpà|osikapa]], mkpo, mgbọrọgwụ na ji na ede.

== Ejiji ==
A makwa ha maka ejiji nke ọma dịka ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ dị n'ofe ala Igbo . Uwe ọdịnala maka ụmụ nwoke bụ jumper na-ejubiga ókè ma ọ bụ uwe elu ogologo aka na-eyi n'elu ihe mkpuchi George, nke a na-ejikọta n'úkwù, na-agbada ruo na nkwonkwo ụkwụ. A na-eyi uwe a na okpu na mkpọ nke na-enyere aka dị ka ngwá ọrụ nkwado na nchebe. Ejiji ọdịnala maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ uwe elu, nke a na-eyi n'elu akwa ukwu. Uwe nwanyị a na-eji mgbanaka ntị-tie na isi na olu ma ọ bụ olu ọdịnala na-aga. Nkà na nka: Omenala nka na-eme nke ọma n'ime ime obodo a. Ọrụ nka ndị a na-emepụta na mpaghara ahụ gụnyere, ọnụ ụzọ a kpụrụ akpụ, osisi e ji eje ije nke ụdị dị iche iche, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ọjà, ngwa osisi na pestles, gong, na ịgbà okwu ama ama. A na-arụ ọrụ igwe na ụdị mmepụta dị iche iche na mpaghara.

== Omenala ==
Otu n'ime omenala steeti ahụ n'ọdịnala ndị Igbo bu ileta ndị ọbịa, nke na-amalite site n'inye onye ọbịa ọji, na-eme ka obodo Ideato-South baa ụba. Ọji na-egosi na a nabatara onye ọbịa nke ọma. Ememe nke inye ọji sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ site n'inye ekpere na ngozi ma ọ bụ n'ọnụ ụlọ nye Chineke kachasị elu na chi ndị ọzọ, maka nchekwa nke onye ọbịa na onye na-ele ọbịa. Nke a dị ka omenala ndị LGA a n'ememe omenala ọ bụla ngosi nke salad Afrika (Abacha). Ememme Okonko nke Umuezealla-Ogboko bara ụba na nke pụrụ iche. Enwekwara ọtụtụ aha ọha na-egosipụta nke ọma na Ideato-South niile. Utu aha eze bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na nke a na-akwanyere ùgwù. Ha gụnyere: Eze (eze), Okenze, Nze, Ozo, Ichie, Durunze wdg. Ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama bụ na alụmdi na nwunye n'Ideato nakwa mpaghara ndị ọzọ n'ala Igbo enweghị ike ime ụbọchị ahịa Eke. A, omenala alụmdi na nwunye ike ịmalite n'ụtụtụ ma n'ehihie.

== Nkwenye ==
Enwere nnwere onwe ife ofufe na steeti Imo, nakwa na Naijiria nile. Okpukpe bụ ebe bụ́ isi n'ime obi ndị mmadụ. Ndị mmadụ ahu na-abụkarị Ndị Kraịst si n’okpukpe dị iche iche. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị Katọlik na ndị Anglịkan. Ụka Katọlik dị na Ideato South gụnyere: St. Micheals, Urulla, St. Josephs, Ntueke nakwa ndị ọzọ.

Ideato-South ji nwayọ aghọ Mecca ọgụgụ isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ala Igbo nakwa Nigeria. N'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ ha nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị aghọwo ndị injinia, ndị dọkịta, ndị nchịkwa, ndị ọka iwu, ndị na-edekọ ego, ndị ọkachamara na teknụzụ ozi wdg. Ọtụtụ ndị dabeere na Europe, North America, South America, Asia, na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa na-achọ ihe ọmụma na akụ.

== Ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na mpaghara ahụ ==
Ideato South bu ebe nwere mahadum Eastern Palm nke dị na Ogboko Imo State. E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2016 site na Commission ụlọ Ọrụ Mahadum Nigeria dị ka Mahadum steeti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=State Unuversities|url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nigerian-univerisities/state-univerisity/|accessdate=2021-02-20|work=National University Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Mariam Usman''' (amuru 9 Nọvemba 1990) bu onye  Naijiria . Ọ na-asọ mpi na ụmụ nwanyị +75&amp;nbsp;klaasị n'arọ, ebe ọ bụ onye mmeri ugboro anọ n'Afrịka na ọnye nwetala ọla edo na asọmpi Commonwealth . Ọ nwetakwara nrite ọla n'asọmpị ịdị arọ nke ụwa nke afọ 2011 wee soro na mbipụta atọ nke egwuregwu a na akpọ Olympic, na-emeri ihe nrite ọla na 2008.

A mụrụ Usman na [[Kaduna]], Naijiria wee malite ibu ibu dị ka ụzọ isi luso mkpagbụ ọ na-enweta site n'aka ụmụ nwoke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Glasgow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/weightlifting/1014385/m_usman.html|title=Maryam Usman|date=2014-07-30|publisher=Organizing Committee of the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]]|accessdate=2016-10-15|archivedate=2017-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803075826/http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/weightlifting/1014385/m_usman.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara mgba na egwuregwu mba ụwa na 2007, ebe ọ nara ọlaọcha n'ụdị atọ niile nke ngalaba +75 na 2007 na egwuregwu Africa na Algiers, [[Algeria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthweightlifting.com/results/docs/Pre2010/2007%20All%20Africa%20Games.pdf|title=9th All-Africa Games|date=2007-07-20|publisher=Commonwealth Weightlifting Federation|accessdate=2016-10-15|archivedate=2017-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217134722/http://www.commonwealthweightlifting.com/results/docs/Pre2010/2007%20All%20Africa%20Games.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gụchaa 9th na asọmpi ụwa na Chiang Mai, Thailand . O wee ruo eruo maka asọmpi Summer Summer 2008 na Beijing, [[China]] site na imeri +75&amp;nbsp;klaasị n'asọmpi ibu arọ nke Africa 2008 na Strand, [[South Africa]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;Results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwf.net/results/athletes/?athlete=usman-maryam-1990-11-09&amp;id=2620|title=USMAN Maryam NGR|year=2016|publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation]]|accessdate=2016-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na egwuregwu Beijing Usman na-asọ mpi na ngalaba + 75 n'arọ wee gụchaa nke ise, mana emelitere ya ka ọ bụrụ ọla ọla mgbe ndị na-enweta ọla ọcha na ọla kọpa sitere na ihe omume ahụ, Olha Korobka na Mariya Grabovetskaya, kwụsịrị n'August 2016 mgbe nyochachara nke ọma maka dehydrochlormethyltestosterone.&lt;ref name=&quot;Results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Korobka&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwf.net/2016/08/24/public-disclosures-5/|title=Public Disclosures|date=2016-08-24|publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation]]|accessdate=2016-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bịara n'ọkwa ise na asọmpi mba ụwa na 2009 na Goyang, South Korea wee were ọlaọcha n'ozuzu ya na egwuregwu Commonwealth 2010 na Delhi, [[Ndia|India]] . Ọ gara nke mbụ n'asọmpi Commonwealth na Africa nke afọ 2011 wee were ọla nchara n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke 2011 emere na Paris, [[France]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;Results&quot; /&gt;

Usman tozuru maka asọmpi Olimpiks Summer 2012 site na imeri +75&amp;nbsp;kg nkewa n'asọmpi Afrịka nke afọ ahụ na Nairobi, [[Kenya]], mana na Lọndọn emechabeghị akụkụ Clean &amp; Jerk nke mmemme ahụ ma etinyeghị ya. Ọ gara nke ọma karị n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, Otụ ọ dị, na-ewere ọla edo na 2013 Commonwealth Championship na Penang, [[Malaysia]] na 2014 Commonwealth Games na Glasgow, Scotland . N'egwuregwu Afrịka nke afọ 2015 na Brazzaville, [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]], Otú ọ dị, ọ dabara na ọlaọcha wee gụchaa nke iri na asaa na asọmpi mba ụwa na Houston, [[Texas]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;Results&quot; /&gt;

Ka o sina dị, Usman meriri asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2016, nke e mere na Yaounde, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]], ma so na ndị nnọchi anya Naịjirịa na asọmpi Summer Olympics nke afọ 2016 na [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] . N'ebe ahụ ọ gụchara 8th n'ime ndị asọmpi iri na isii na ụdị +75 n'arọ .&lt;ref name=&quot;Results&quot; /&gt; Usman boro ya ebubo na ọ naghị enye ya ohere ọzụzụ na Naịjirịa ma kwuo na ya agaghịzị asọmpi mba ụwa maka obodo nna ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;NoNigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=I won't represent Nigeria again – Usman|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=2016-08-18|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/wont-represent-nigeria-usman/|accessdate=2016-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:60px;&quot; |Weight
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Snatch (kg)
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Clean &amp; Jerk (kg)
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:40px;&quot; |Total
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:40px;&quot; |Rank
|-
! width=&quot;40&quot; |1
! width=&quot;40&quot; |2
! width=&quot;40&quot; |3
! width=&quot;40&quot; |Rank
! width=&quot;40&quot; |1
! width=&quot;40&quot; |2
! width=&quot;40&quot; |3
! width=&quot;40&quot; |Rank
|-
! colspan=&quot;13&quot; |Olympic Games
|-
|2008
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|China}}[[Beijing]], [[China]]
| +75 kg
|&lt;s&gt;115&lt;/s&gt;
|'''115'''
|&lt;s&gt;120&lt;/s&gt;
|4
|145
|'''150'''
|&lt;s&gt;156&lt;/s&gt;
|2
|'''265'''
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|UK}}[[London]], [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]
| +75 kg
|125
|'''129'''
|&lt;s&gt;133&lt;/s&gt;
|3
|&lt;s&gt;160&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;160&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;160&lt;/s&gt;
| -
| -
| -
|-
|2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|Brazil}}[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
| +75 kg
|'''115'''
|&lt;s&gt;120&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;120&lt;/s&gt;
|11
|145
|'''150'''
|&lt;s&gt;152&lt;/s&gt;
|8
|'''265'''
|9
|-
! colspan=&quot;13&quot; |World Championships
|-
|2007
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]]
| +75 kg
|110
|115
|'''117'''
|7
|135
|&lt;s&gt;140&lt;/s&gt;
|'''140'''
|10
|'''257'''
|9
|-
|2009
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Goyang]], [[South Korea]]
| +75 kg
|105
|110
|'''115'''
|6
|135
|&lt;s&gt;140&lt;/s&gt;
|'''145'''
|5
|'''260'''
|5
|-
|2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[France]]
| +75 kg
|&lt;s&gt;117&lt;/s&gt;
|'''117'''
|&lt;s&gt;121&lt;/s&gt;
|5
|151
|'''156'''
|&lt;s&gt;160&lt;/s&gt;
|{{bronze3}}
|'''273'''
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]
| +75 kg
|110
|'''115'''
|&lt;s&gt;120&lt;/s&gt;
|18
|&lt;s&gt;145&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;145&lt;/s&gt;
|'''145'''
|15
|'''260'''
|17
|-
! colspan=&quot;13&quot; |African Games
|-
|2007
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]]
| +75&amp;nbsp;kg
|&lt;s&gt;110&lt;/s&gt;
|'''110'''
|&lt;s&gt;118&lt;/s&gt;
|{{Silver2}}
|133
|'''138'''
|&lt;s&gt;142&lt;/s&gt;
|{{Silver2}}
|'''248'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|Congo}} [[Brazzaville]], [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]
| +75&amp;nbsp;kg
|'''116'''
|&lt;s&gt;121&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;122&lt;/s&gt;
|{{Silver2}}
|'''150'''
|&lt;s&gt;155&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;156&lt;/s&gt;
|{{Silver2}}
|'''266'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;13&quot; |Commonwealth Games
|-
|2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|India}} [[Delhi]], [[Ndia|India]]
| +75 kg
|'''115'''
|&lt;s&gt;120&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;120&lt;/s&gt;
|{{Silver2}}
|'''140'''
|&lt;s&gt;150&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;150&lt;/s&gt;
|{{Silver2}}
|'''255'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]
| +75 kg
|115
|120
|'''125'''
|{{Gold1}}
|145
|150
|'''155'''
|{{Gold1}}
|'''280'''
|{{Gold1}}
|}
{{Reflist}}Udensibia
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Heather Reisman</title>
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'''Heather Maxine Reisman''' OC (amuru Ọgọst 28, 1948) bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego Canada na onye enyemaka. Reisman bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke ụlọ ahịa azụmaahịa Canada Indigo Books and Music . Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye gara aga oche nke Kobo, a họpụtara ya onye isi nke Order of Canada na 2019.

== Mmalite ndu na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Reisman na 1948 na ezinụlọ [[Jew|ndị Juu]] na Montreal, Quebec wee gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum McGill ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Social Work. [1] 

== Ọrụ ==
Ebu ụzọ were Reisman n'ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ dị ka onye ọrụ ikpe.  Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya kwụsịrị na ịgba alụkwaghịm, ọ gbanwere ọrụ wee sonye na ụlọ ọrụ nwanne ya nwoke Howard. Na 1979, o mebere Paradigm Consulting wee jee ozi dị ka onye isi njikwa nke ndụmọdụ mgbanwe atụmatụ a ruo 1995. &lt;ref name=&quot;weizmann.ac.il&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.weizmann.ac.il/conferences/InternationalBoard2017/heather-reisman|title=Heather Reisman - International Board 2017|work=www.weizmann.ac.il}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cfc-swc.gc.ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/woi-fic/heather-reisman-en.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=March 26, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230020955/https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/woi-fic/heather-reisman-en.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Na 1995, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ &quot;onye na-etinye ego n'ihu&quot; maka Borders Group, nke na-eme atụmatụ ịbanye n'ahịa Canada. Mgbe Borders enweghị ike ịnweta nkwado nchịkwa gọọmenti etiti dị mkpa na Canada, Reisman tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọ Indigo Books and Music . &lt;ref name=&quot;weizmann.ac.il&quot; /&gt; O welitere $25m site na otu ndị na-etinye ego dabere na akwụkwọ echiche izizi maka Indigo. Na 2001, Indigo Books and Music nwetara onye isi ya, Isi nke, iji mepụta nnukwu ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na Canada, na-enweta ọkwa nchịkwa doro anya na ụlọ ọrụ na-ere akwụkwọ. Reisman mebere Kobo Inc. na 2009 na afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, rere Indigo kasịnụ na Kobo nye ụlọ ọrụ Japan Rakuten maka $315 nde. &lt;ref name=&quot;montecristomagazine.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://montecristomagazine.com/business/indigo-ceo-heather-reisman|title=The Woman Behind the Indigo Heather's Picks|date=November 8, 2018|work=MONTECRISTO|accessdate=April 3, 2022|archivedate=September 26, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926225159/https://montecristomagazine.com/business/indigo-ceo-heather-reisman}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe 1998, Reisman ahọrọla karịa 262 &quot;Heather's Picks&quot; maka Indigo, nke bụ akwụkwọ ndị ọ kwadoro kpọmkwem wee bịa na nkwaghachi ego. &lt;ref name=&quot;picks&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2016/03/19/how-indigos-heather-reisman-chooses-her-heathers-picks.html|title=How Indigo's Heather Reisman chooses her Heather's Picks|author=Porter|first=Ryan|work=The Star|date=19 March 2016|accessdate=April 15, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na Indigo na-ebuwanye ibu onyinye na ụlọ ahịa ya, Reisman kwuru nke a na N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2018 banyere ngwaahịa isi ụlọ ọrụ: &quot;Akwụkwọ bụ, bụ, na mgbe niile ga-abụ obi na mkpụrụ obi nke azụmahịa anyị&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;montecristomagazine.com&quot; /&gt; Ọ malitere ịgbasa Indigo na US na 2018, malite na ụlọ ahịa mbụ na Short Hills na New Jersey. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://quillandquire.com/omni/indigo-third-quarter-revenue-and-earnings-down-due-to-delayed-renovations-and-canada-post-strike/|title=Indigo third-quarter revenue and earnings down due to delayed renovations and Canada Post strike|date=February 7, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2009, o mebere Kobo ka o sonye n'ahịa agụ e-agụ na-agbawa agbawa. N'afọ 2012, erere Kobo nye Rakuten, ma bụrụkwa onye ndu n'ọhịa.

Reisman ejekwara ozi dị ka onye gọvanọ nke Toronto Stock Exchange na nke Mahadum McGill .  Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere Williams Sonoma na J. Crew. Ugbu a ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Onex na ụlọ ọgwụ Mt. Sinai. &lt;ref name=&quot;weizmann.ac.il&quot; /&gt;

== Nkwado na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
N'August 2006, n'ihi mmeghachi omume dị iche iche nke ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Canada abụọ na 2006 Lebanon War, Reisman wepụrụ nkwado ya ogologo oge maka Liberal Party nke Canada wee họrọ ịkwado Conservative Party nke Canada n'okpuru Stephen Harper . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberal-power-couple-back-harper-on-mideast/article4109511/|title=Liberal power couple back Harper on Mideast|author=Clark|first=Campbell|work=The Globe and Mail|date=4 August 2006|accessdate=2021-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Mein Kampf'' ===
O nwetara otuto na nkatọ n'October 2001, mgbe o kwupụtachara na Indigo agaghị ere ''Mein Kampf'' nke Hitler n'ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ya. &lt;ref&gt;Adams, James. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]''. &quot;Reisman bans Mein Kampf from Chapters and Indigo.&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.jewishindependent.ca/archives/dec01/archives01dec21-01.html|title=Remember Mein Kampf|date=21 December 2001|publisher=The Jewish Independent|accessdate=2011-08-13|archive-date=2011-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928200802/http://www.jewishindependent.ca/archives/dec01/archives01dec21-01.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ maka Sakineh Ashtiani ===
Na Julaị 5, 2010, Reisman wepụtara akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị iji zọpụta nwanyị Iran, Sakineh Ashtiani, na ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ site na ịtụ nkume . Ebumnuche ya nwetara nkwado gburugburu ụwa. Etughị Sakineh nkume ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/heather-reisman-spearheads-11th-hour-bid-to-save-iranian-woman-from-stoning/article1386837/|title=Heather Reisman spearheads 11th-hour bid to save Iranian woman from stoning}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụlọ ọrụ Bilderberg Group ===
Reisman bụ onye otu kọmitii nhazi nke otu Bilderberg,  wee sonye na ọgbakọ ya niile n'etiti 2002 na 2017.

== Ọrụ ebere ==
Na 2006, Reisman tọrọ ntọala Indigo Love of Reading Foundation, onye ebumnuche ya bụ ime ka ọba akwụkwọ dị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na-enweghị ikike. Kemgbe mmalite ya, otu a enyela ọtụtụ nde akwụkwọ nye ihe karịrị ọba akwụkwọ praịmarị 3,000 nke Canada. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/mcgill-honour-two-trailblazing-canadian-leaders-273012|title=McGill to honour two trailblazing Canadian leaders|first=Contact Information Contact: Justin Dupuis Organization: Media Relations Office Email: justin dupuismcgill ca Office|author=Phone: 514-298-8202|work=Newsroom}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2005, ya na di ya Gerald Schwartz tọrọ ntọala HESEG Foundation, nke na-enye scholarships na &quot;ndị agha naanị&quot;, ndị jere ozi oge ha na ndị agha Israel na ndị na-enweghị ezi ezinụlọ na Israel.

Ụlọ ọgwụ Mount Sinai kwupụtara na Disemba 2013 na a ga-eji ihe mgbanwe $15 nde onyinye sitere na Reisman na Schwartz mee &quot;ịhazigharị ọgwụ mberede&quot; n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hospitalnews.com/tag/heather-reisman/|title=Behind a bittersweet industry|date=5 December 2013|publisher=Mount Sinai|accessdate=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Toronto couple's gift will expand the hospital's patient volume.|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/12/05/gerald_schwartz_and_heather_reisman_donate_15_million_to_mount_sinai_emergency_care.html|work=The Toronto Star|date=2013-12-05|accessdate=2019-03-26|first=Alex|author=Ballingall}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gerald Schwartz na Heather Reisman Foundation nyere $ 5.3 nde na Mahadum St. Francis Xavier na Antigonish, Nova Scotia na njedebe 2018 iji mepụta scholarships, bursaries na ịba ụba nke ụmụ akwụkwọ azụmahịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Schwartz, Reisman donate $5.3 million to St. F.X.|date=21 November 2018|url=https://www.thechronicleherald.ca/business/schwartz-reisman-donate-53m-to-st-fx-261230/|work=Chronicle Herald|accessdate=26 March 2019|quote=Some scholarships will be worth up to $80,000 each, according to the news release.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 2019, Mahadum Toronto kwupụtara na Schwartz na Reisman na-enye mahadum $100 nde iji wuo ebe nrụpụta ihe ọhụrụ 750,000-square, site na Gerald Schwartz &amp; Heather Reisman Foundation. Dị ka Reisman si kwuo, a ga-eji Schwartz Reisman Innovation Center mee ihe iji meziwanye nkà na ụzụ, karịsịa ọgụgụ isi Artificial, na otú ọha na eze nwere ike isi jikọta ya. Otu n'ime ụlọ elu abụọ ahụ ga-edebe Schwartz Reisman Institute for Technology and Society na Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence ebe nke ọzọ ga-agụnye ụlọ nyocha maka nyocha na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-emegharị ahụ, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọgwụ ziri ezi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/university-of-toronto-100m-donation-innovation-entrepreneurship-1.5068000|title=U of T gets $100M donation for innovation centre studying AI|date=25 March 2019|publisher=CBC|accessdate=27 March 2019|quote=University president Meric Gertler said the donation &quot;will enable a deeper examination of how technology shapes our daily lives.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Landmark $100-million gift to the University of Toronto from Gerald Schwartz and Heather Reisman will power Canadian innovation and help researchers explore the intersection of technology and society|url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/landmark-100-million-gift-university-toronto-gerald-schwartz-and-heather-reisman-will-power|work=University of Toronto|accessdate=2019-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==
Na Mee 2015, ewebatara Reisman n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Azụmahịa nke Canada. &lt;ref name=&quot;weizmann.ac.il&quot; /&gt;

Reisman bụ nnata nke doctorate nsọpụrụ sitere na Mahadum Ryerson (2006), Mahadum Wilfrid Laurier (2009), Mahadum Mount Allison (2010), Mahadum St. Francis Xavier (2013), na Mahadum Manitoba (2016) na McGill (2017). &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

Akpọrọ ya aha Retail Council of Canada's Distinguished Retailer of the Year (2011), wee nata ihe nrite International Distinguished Entrepreneur (2003) site na Mahadum Manitoba, Asper Business School. 

Ọ bụ onye isi nke Order of Canada. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/u-t-faculty-alumni-and-other-members-university-community-named-order-canada|title=U of T faculty, alumni and other members of university community named to Order of Canada|work=University of Toronto News|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/media/news/2019/governor-general-announces-120-new-appointments-order-canada|title=Governor General Announces 120 New Appointments to the Order of Canada|author=General|first=Office of the Secretary to the Governor|date=2019-12-20|work=The Governor General of Canada|accessdate=2020-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2009, ''Financial Times'' depụtara Reisman dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 50 kachasị na-azụ ahịa n'ụwa. 

Agụnyekwa Reisman na 100 kachasi ike nke ndị inyom kacha elu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sinaihealthsystem.ca/team/heather-m-reisman/|title=Heather M. Reisman|accessdate=2022-04-03|archivedate=2019-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603070124/https://www.sinaihealthsystem.ca/team/heather-m-reisman/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nna ya, Mark, bụ onye nrụpụta ụlọ; nne ya, Rose, nwere ụlọ ahịa akwa; na nwanne ya nwoke, Howard, hiwere ụlọ ọrụ kọmputa Time Systems.  Ọ bụ nwa nwanne Simon Reisman .

Reisman lụrụ di na nwunye na mbụ ná ndụ ya ma ọ gbara di mbụ ya alụkwaghịm. Na 1982, ọ lụrụ Gerald Schwartz, onye nchoputa na CEO nke Onex Corporation . Reisman nwere ụmụ anọ na ụmụ ụmụ itoolu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbhf.ca/heather-reisman|title=Heather Reisman - CBHF|work=www.cbhf.ca|accessdate=2022-04-03|archivedate=2022-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528221944/https://cbhf.ca/heather-reisman/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abụọ n'ime ụmụaka ahụ sitere na alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya na abụọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Schwartz. Di na nwunye ahụ bụ ndị otu ụlọ nzukọ Reform, Holy Blossom Temple na Toronto. 

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ndị sonyere Bilderberg
* Ndepụta ndị enyi nke Order of Canada

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Uzbekistan''' bụ mba isi iyi maka ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ ndị a na-ebuga na mba United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), [[Kazakhstan]], [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]], Thailand, [[Turkéy|Turkey]], [[Ndia|India]], Indonesia, [[Israel]], [[Malaysia]], South Korea, [[Japan]] na Costa Rica maka ebumnuche nke mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-09|title=What Does Uzbekistan’s National Human Rights Strategy Mean For Women’s Rights?|url=https://www.equalitynow.org/we-cant-find-that-page/|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=EqualityNow|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-azụ ụmụnwoke na Kazakhstan na Russia maka ebumnuche nke ọrụ mmanye na ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ụlọ, ogho na ụtaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018|title=G20 Analysis|url=https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/methodology/g20-analysis/|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=www.globalslaveryindex.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-azụkwa ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị n'ime ụlọ maka ebumnuche nke ịgba ohu n'ụlọ, ọrụ mmanye na ụlọ [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] na ụlọ ọrụ, na maka mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa. A na-amanye ọtụtụ ụmụaka nọ n'afọ akwụkwọ ịrụ ọrụ na owuwe ihe ubi ogho kwa afọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maki|first=Reid|date=2018-11-08|title=Child labor, Forced Labor, and Cotton and How They All Converged at the UN October 1st|url=https://stopchildlabor.org/child-labor-forced-labor-and-cotton-and-how-they-all-converged-at-the-un-october-1st/|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=The Child Labor Coalition|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gọọmentị Uzbekistan anaghị agbaso ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu ime nke ahụ. A na-etinye Uzbekistan na Tier 2 Watch List maka ọdịda ya inye ihe akaebe nke mgbalị na-arịwanye elu iji lụso ụdị ịzụ ahịa siri ike ọgụ karịa afọ gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2020 Trafficking in Persons Report: Uzbekistan|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/uzbekistan/|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=United States Department of State|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpọmkwem, gọọmentị agbanweghị iwu mpụ ya iji mee ka ntaramahụhụ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa a mara ikpe, ma ghara inye ndị NGO ego ma ọ bụ enyemaka, na-enye ndị metụtara aka n'oge akụkọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uzbekistan Trafficking in persons|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/uzbekistan/trafficking_in_persons.html|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=www.indexmundi.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-24|title=2019 Trafficking in Persons Report: Uzbekistan|url=https://uz.usembassy.gov/2019-trafficking-in-persons-report-uzbekistan/|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=U.S. Embassy in Uzbekistan|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027060614/https://uz.usembassy.gov/2019-trafficking-in-persons-report-uzbekistan/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gọọmentị emeghị ihe iji kwụsị ọrụ mmanye ụmụaka, n'oge owuwe ihe ubi ogho kwa afọ. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnwa Machị 2008 Uzbekistan nakweere Mgbakọ ILO 138 (na afọ kacha nta nke ọrụ) na 182 (na iwepụ ụdị ọrụ ụmụaka kachasị njọ) ma na-arụ ọrụ na ILO na mmejuputa. Gọọmentị mba Uzbekistan gosikwara nkwa ya na-arịwanye elu iji lụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ na Machị 2008, site na ịnakwere iwu zuru oke megide ịzụ ahịa. Iwu ahụ guzobere usoro nhazi maka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, na-ahụ maka mgbalị dị iche iche megide ịzụ ahịa. Iwu ahụ na-ekwe nkwa na a ga-eji ego steeti nye nchebe na enyemaka, iji hụ na a gaghị ata ndị ahụ ahụhụ maka omume ha mere n'ihi ịzụ ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;. [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2008/105389.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2008'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 4, 2008). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na &quot;Tier 3&quot; na 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mkpesa ==
Uzbekistan kọrọ na mbọ ndị mmanye iwu iji lụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ dị irè, mana ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa ejighị oge n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Iwu Uzbekistan dị ugbu a anaghị eme ka ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ bụrụ mpụ. A na-eji ụfọdụ isiokwu nke iwu mpụ nke gọọmentị na-ekpe ikpe maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na ụfọdụ ikpe ịzụ ahịa ọrụ, ọ bụ ezie na iwu ndị dị ugbu a anaghị eme mpụ zuru oke maka ụdị ọrụ mmanye niile. Ntaramahụhụ ndị e nyere n'okpuru iwu metụtara ịzụ ahịa nke iwu mpụ sitere na afọ ise ruo afọ asatọ. Otú ọ dị, a na-amatọkarị ndị a mara ikpe na-erughị afọ iri, ha enweghị ike ghara ịnọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Omume a kwekọrọ na ntaramahụhụ e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-azụ ahịa nwanyị oge mbụ yikarịrị ka a ga-enweta mgbaghara karịa ndị na-azụ ahịa nwoke n'ihi nkwenkwe omenala Uzbek. Ya mere, a naghị ata ọtụtụ ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa ahụhụ zuru oke.

N'afọ 2007, ndị uwe ojii kọrọ nyocha 273 nke gụnyere ndị a na-enyo enyo 303, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nyocha 250 metụtara ndị a na-enyo enyo 268 kọrọ n'afọ 2005, afọ kachasị ọhụrụ dị maka data ịzụ ahịa. Ndị ọchịchị gbara ma maa ndị a na-enyo enyo 185 ikpe maka ịzụ ahịa n'afọ 2007, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikpe 148 n'afọ 2005. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị n'afọ 2008, ọ dịkarịa ala ndị na-azụ ahịa iri isii na isii na-eje ozi ọnwa isii ruo afọ atọ. E nwere ndị uwe ojii 272 raara onwe ha nye ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ, gụnyere 118 ndị rụrụ ọrụ naanị n'okwu ahụ. A gbakwunyere ọzụzụ megide ịzụ ahịa na usoro ọmụmụ maka ndị ọrụ na-eto eto na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ nke Ministry of Interior na 2007. E nwere akụkọ a na-ejighị n'aka banyere ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-etinye aka na iri ngo na aghụghọ metụtara ịzụ ahịa. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2008, otu onye otu ụlọ omeiwu gbara arụkwaghịm n'ihi ebubo ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ. Enweghị nyocha gọọmentị banyere ebubo ahụ n'oge akụkọ a.

Ndị ọchịchị Uzbekistan kwuru na n'afọ 2015 ha mere nyocha 696, ikpe mpụ 372 na mmadụ 460 maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. N'afọ 2016, ndị ọrụ nchekwa na Uzbekistan mechiri otu ndị omempụ na-azụ ahịa ụmụagbọghọ na Turkey, yana ịtọhapụ ụmụ agbọghọ iri na asaa a mụrụ na Uzbekistan site na ịgba ohu mmekọahụ na Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-01-26|title=Zaynab Dost: Fighting Human Trafficking in Central Asia: Problems and Challenges|url=https://cabar.asia/en/zaynab-dost-fighting-human-trafficking-in-central-asia-problems-and-challenges|accessdate=2022-01-05|work=CABAR.asia|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge akụkọ afọ 2018, gọọmentị mere ọganihu dị ukwuu, mana ọ ka na-emezughị ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa. N'ime afọ 2017, ndị ọrụ 336,000 n'ime nde 2.6 ndị na-ewe ogho bụ ndị ọrụ mmanye. Mba ahụ kọrọ mbelata na njirimara nke ndị e gburu, na nyocha na ikpe nke ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha na-azụ ahịa. A mara mmadụ 405 ikpe maka mpụ ịzụ ahịa metụtara ya, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 451 na 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2018-06-28|title=2018 Trafficking in Persons Report - Uzbekistan|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b3e0a3f4.html|accessdate=2022-01-07|work=Refworld|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afọ 2019 gosiri mbelata nke nyocha, ikpe, na ikpe n'agbanyeghị na gọọmentị ewepụtala akụkọ mmanye iwu zuru oke karịa n'afọ mkpesa gara aga. ILO kọrọ na nlebanya ndị ọzọ nke afọ 2019 banyere ọrụ ụmụaka na ọrụ mmanye na owuwe ihe ubi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-amanye amanye agbadala site na 40% site na afọ gara aga..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Third-party monitoring of child labour and forced labour during the 2019 cotton harvest in Uzbekistan|url=https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---ipec/documents/publication/wcms_735873.pdf|accessdate=2022-01-13|work=International Labour Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gọọmentị gosipụtara ọganihu dị ala na enyemaka ya na mbọ nchebe ya n'oge akụkọ ahụ. NGO kọrọ na mmata na-arịwanye elu maka ịzụ ahịa na mmetụta n'ebe ndị metụtara nọ n'etiti ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu. Ndị uwe ojii, ndị ọrụ nnọchianya, na ndị nche ókèala zigara ụmụ nwanyị si mba ọzọ na-alọta bụ ndị yiri ka ha bụ ndị na-azụ ahịa na IOM maka enyemaka. NGO kọrọ mkpa ọ dị maka ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ metụtara na mpaghara abụọ ọzọ nke mba ahụ. Ndị na-enye onyinye si mba ọzọ na-akwado ụlọ ahịa abụọ dị na Uzbekistan, mana ụlọ ndị ahụ enwetaghị enyemaka ego ma ọ bụ enyemaka sitere n'aka gọọmentị n'oge akụkọ ahụ.

N'afọ 2007, NGO kọrọ na ha na-enyere ndị mmadụ 497 aka maka mmegbu mmekọahụ na ọrụ aka, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ 681 a kọrọ na 2006. Ọ bụ ezie na mmadụ iri anọ nyere ndị mmanye iwu aka na nyocha ịzụ ahịa na 2007, ọtụtụ ndị metụtara ka na-atụ egwu inye akaebe ma ọ bụ ozi n'ihi egwu nke ntaramahụhụ site n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa ha, gọọmentị enyeghịkwa nchebe onye akaebe. Iwu ọhụrụ zuru oke megide ịzụ ahịa chọrọ nchebe dị ukwuu maka ndị na-ahụ maka ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ na nyocha. A na-agwa ndị a kpọghachiri ka ha bịanye aka na akwụkwọ na-ekwupụta na ha si Uzbekistan pụọ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị; Otú ọ dị, NGO kọrọ na a naghị ata ndị a chọpụtara maka ịzụ ahịa ahụhụ maka omume ha mere n'ihi ịzụ ahịa.

Gọọmentị na-enye ego na Tashkent Rehabilitation Center maka ụmụnwoke, ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka ndị nwere ọnọdụ ndị a na-emegbu. N'afọ akụkọ 2015 Center nyeere ndị mmadụ 503 aka, karịa mmadụ 369 a kọrọ n'afọ gara aga.

N'afọ 2017, gọọmentị chọpụtara mmadụ 440, nke bụ mbelata site na afọ ndị gara aga. NGO na otu nzukọ mba ụwa achọpụtala ma nyere ndị na-azụ ahịa 676 aka. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a chọpụtara dara ọzọ na 2018, na-akọ naanị ndị mmadụ 208.

N'afọ 2019, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a chọpụtara belatara ọzọ, mana gọọmentị na-abawanye ego maka nchedo ndị a chọpụtara. E tinyere ihe dị ka 1.2 billon UZS ($ 126,320) n'ime ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmegharị ahụ dị na Tashkent, mmụba nke nde UZS 475 ($ 50,000) ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-30|title=2020 Trafficking in Persons Report: Uzbekistan|url=https://uz.usembassy.gov/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report-uzbekistan/|accessdate=2022-01-07|work=U.S. Embassy in Uzbekistan|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027071936/https://uz.usembassy.gov/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report-uzbekistan/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbochi ==
Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na mgbalị mgbochi ya n'oge akụkọ ahụ. N'afọ 2007, gọọmentị nyere otu NGO na-emegide ịzụ ahịa na Jizzakh ohere ọfịs n'efu. Ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu Uzbek 200 na mpaghara iri na abụọ niile natara ọzụzụ megide ịzụ ahịa nke ndị NGO mere n'afọ 2007, na-eme ka ndị ọrụ dị ala mara banyere okwu ahụ. Ndị otu gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ na ịzụ ahịa zutere ugboro ise n'afọ 2007 wee depụta iwu zuru oke megide ịzụ ahịa, nke ndị omeiwu nakweere na Machị afọ 2008 ma bịanye aka na iwu site n'aka onye isi ala Islam Karimov.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-09-15|title=Role of Uzbekistan in Curbing Regional Human Trafficking|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/466340/role-of-uzbekistan-in-curbing-regional-human-trafficking/|accessdate=2022-01-18|work=Daily Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iji gwa ọha na eze banyere ihe ga-esi na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ pụta, gọọmentị mejuputara bọọdụ ozi, gosipụta ihe nkiri ma kwado ihe nkiri, yana ịchọ ka ụmụnwanyị niile na-erubeghị afọ iri atọ na ise nweta ikike gọọmentị site n'aka nne na nna di ha mgbe ha na-eme njem na mba ọzọ.

N'afọ 2007, gọọmentị kọrọ na e nwere isiokwu 360 na-emegide ịzụ ahịa nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin, ndị uwe ojii sonyere na okwu redio 184, na akụkụ telivishọn 793 banyere ịzụ ahịa na-egosi na mba ahụ niile. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị na mgbasa ozi na-ekwu maka ịzụ ahịa maka mmegbu mmekọahụ, ọ bụ ezie na enwere oke mkpuchi nke ịzụ ahịa ndị ọrụ. Gọọmentị nyere nyocha ọzọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-enweghị onye na-eso ha na-aga mba ndị a ma ama na-azụ ahịa. Uzbekistan akwadobeghị 2000 UN TIP Protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;/&gt; A malitere mkpọsa mba ụwa dị iche iche megide ogho Uzbek na 2013, nke manyere gọọmentị Uzbekistan itinye mmachibido iwu maka ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ na-erubeghị afọ iri na isii, ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-amanye ọtụtụ ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ nọ n'agbata afọ iri na ise na iri na asaa ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ iji rụọ ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi ogho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-02-07|title=The Problem with Cotton: Child Labor in Uzbekistan|url=https://humantraffickingsearch.org/the-problem-with-cotton-child-labor-in-uzbekistan/|accessdate=2021-12-31|work=Human Trafficking Search|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2014, ndị na-ahụ maka ekwentị malitere izipu ozi ederede na Uzbekistan na-adọ ọha na eze aka ná ntị megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.

A mụbara mgbalị mgbochi n'afọ 2017, ọ bụkwa afọ nke anọ n'usoro na gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-eme mkpọsa mba niile iji mee ka a mara banyere ọrụ ụmụaka na owuwe ihe ubi ogho. Afọ 2017 bụkwa afọ nke atọ n'usoro na gọọmentị kwetara ikwe ka International Labour Office (ILO) nyochaa owuwe ihe ubi ogho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, gọọmentị kenyere ijeri UZS 714 ($ 85.92 nde) na ego pụrụ iche n'okpuru Mịnịstrị nke Ọrụ na Mmekọrịta Ọrụ iji nyere aka n'ọrụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu maka ọrụ ọha na eze ma kwụsị ọrụ mmanye na ọrụ ndị ahụ. Na Septemba nke otu afọ ahụ, Cabinet nke ndị ozi mere mkpebi nke bụ ikwe ka nkwado ọzọ nye ndị ọrụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ na mmefu ego nke ijeri UZS 200 ($ 24.07 nde). Onye isi ala nke Uzbekistan mepụtara National Commission on Trafficking Persons and Forced Labor (Commission) na Julaị nke afọ 2019. O nwere kọmitii abụọ dị elu, otu maka ịzụ ahịa ndị mmadụ nke Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ime obodo na-elekọta, na otu maka ọrụ mmanye nke Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ọrụ na mmekọrịta ndị ọrụ na-elekọta.

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2020, ndị nnọchi anya nke Cotton Campaigns international coalition nwere nzukọ na Ministry of Investments and Foreign Trade iji kwurịta ma guzobe imekọ ihe ọnụ iji mepụta usoro na-adịgide adịgide maka igbochi mpụ ọrụ na Uzbekistan. Na nzukọ ahụ, e nwetara nkwekọrịta imekọ ihe ọnụ iji belata ma gbochie mmebi iwu ikpe kpọmkwem n'ọdịnihu na iji guzobe imekọ ihe ọnụ na ọha na eze na òtù gọọmentị mba ụwa na ndị na-abụghị mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-02-05|title=MIFT, Cotton Campaign establish cooperation to form sustainable mechanisms for prevention of labor offenses in Uzbekistan|url=https://kun.uz/en/news/2020/02/05/mift-cotton-campaign-establish-cooperation-to-form-sustainable-mechanisms-for-prevention-of-labor-offenses-in-uzbekistan|accessdate=2022-02-02|work=Kun.uz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2020, Onye isi ala Uzbekistan kwadoro nsụgharị ọhụrụ nke iwu &quot;na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ&quot; nke machibidoro ikpughe ozi gbasara ndị a na-emegbu na ọnọdụ nke mpụ ndị ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-08-19|title=Uzbekistan forbids disclosing information about victims of human trafficking|url=https://kun.uz/en/news/2020/08/19/uzbekistan-forbids-disclosing-information-about-victims-of-human-trafficking|accessdate=2022-02-04|work=Kun.uz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Òtù Mba Nile Maka Mbugharị, Istiqbolli Avlod haziri ụbọchị iri atọ na mmekorita megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ&quot; na 2020, ya na ihe karịrị òtù 200 iji mee ka ndị mmadụ mara obodo Uzbekistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-15|title=Anti-Human Trafficking Campaign Reaches Nearly A Million People in Uzbekistan|url=https://www.usaid.gov/uzbekistan/program-updates/sep-2020-anti-human-trafficking-campaign-reaches-nearly-million-people-uzbekistan|accessdate=2022-02-04|work=www.usaid.gov|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204101210/https://www.usaid.gov/uzbekistan/program-updates/sep-2020-anti-human-trafficking-campaign-reaches-nearly-million-people-uzbekistan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
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Armenia bụ mba isi iyi maka ụmụnwanyị a na-atụ na mgbere ahịa mmadụ (TIP), kpọmkwem ịgba akwụna mmanye; isi iyi na mba na-aga maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ mmanye; na mba isi iyi maka ụmụnwoke na-arụ ọrụ mmanye. A na-azụ ụmụnwanyị si mba Armenia na United Arab Emirates na [[Turkéy|Turkey]].

A na-amanye ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị Armenia ịrụ ọrụ na [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]] ebe a na-amanye ụmụnwanyị Armenia ịrụ ọrụ na Turkey. A na-amanye ụmụnwoke Armenia n'ọnọdụ ọrụ mmanye na ụmụnwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ Armenia na-amanye ịgba akwụna n'ime mba ahụ. A na-etinye ụmụnwanyị si mba Russia n'ọnọdụ ọrụ mmanye na mba Armenia.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-07-07|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017 on Armenia|url=https://am.usembassy.gov/trafficking-persons-report-2017-armenia/|accessdate=2021-10-09|work=U.S. Embassy in Armenia|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923115748/https://am.usembassy.gov/trafficking-persons-report-2017-armenia/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2010, gọọmentị Armenia tiri iwu nke mere ka ntaramahụhụ kacha nta maka ndị omekome a mara ikpe na-azụ ahịa ruo afọ ise, nye ohere maka ịnara akụ site n'aka ndị omekome a mara ikpe na-azụ ahịa, ma hapụ ndị na-azụ ahịa site na ikpe mpụ maka mpụ ndị e mere kpọmkwem n'ihi ịzụ ahịa. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị enyeghị ego maka enyemaka ndị metụtara n'afọ 2009, n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2010 o kenyere ihe dị ka $ 15,000 maka ụlọ ọrụ NGO na-agba ọsọ maka mgbazinye ụlọ ọrụ. Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-emejuputa usoro ntụgharị ndị na-azụ ahịa na mba ya ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọ chọpụtara ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ gara aga. Gọọmentị gosipụtara ọganihu dị ala n'ịlụso ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ọgụ na ịzụ ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;/&gt;

E wepụtara akụkọ 2014 Trafficking in Persons n'ọnwa June afọ 2014, Armenia nọgidere na-enwe ọnọdụ Tier 1, nke ha nwetara n'afọ ahụ tupu ha emee ka mba ahụ bụrụ naanị otu ga-aga n'ihu na Tier kachasị elu. Ọkwa ahụ na-egosi na gọọmentị ekwenyela na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ dị adị, mee mgbalị dị ukwuu maka nsogbu ahụ, ma na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ndị e nyere. Armenia bụ otu n'ime mba kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ụwa ma a bịa n'ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-06-20|title=2014 TIP Report|url=https://am.usembassy.gov/2014-tip-report/|accessdate=2021-10-09|work=U.S. Embassy in Armenia|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923124854/https://am.usembassy.gov/2014-tip-report/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụkọ TIP nke afọ 2016 tinyere mba Armenia ọzọ na &quot;Tier 1&quot;, o kwuru banyere ọrụ dị mkpa nke Armenia's Anti-TIP Working Group na-arụ, gụnyere nnọchi anya gọọmentị, ọha mmadụ, na òtù mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-07-01|title=Tier 1 rating in U.S. TIP Report|url=https://am.usembassy.gov/tier-1-rating-u-s-tip-report/|accessdate=2021-10-12|work=U.S. Embassy in Armenia|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na &quot;Tier 1&quot; n'afọ 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba ahụ nọgidere na &quot;Tier 1&quot; site na ngosipụta nke mgbalị siri ike na nke na-adịgide adịgide n'ịchọpụta ndị metụtara, ịnakwere atụmatụ ọrụ mba, na nguzobe na ikenye ego maka ego nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa. Ndị nnọchi anya Armenia gara nzukọ nke iri na asatọ nke Alliance against Trafficking in Person Conference nke Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) haziri na Vienna n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018. Mba iri asatọ nọchitere anya ya site na òtù mba ụwa na nke obodo dị iche iche. Nzukọ ahụ gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe dị iche iche lekwasịrị anya n'isiokwu dị ka ịkwalite ohere ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ndị omempụ, akụkụ nke nwoke na nwanyị na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ, ọrụ nke ọha mmadụ, ilekọta ụmụaka, na mkpa mgbasa ozi dị na ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Ntinye aka nke Armenia na-akwado mgbalị ya iji mee ka ndị mmanye iwu ya dị ọhụrụ na imegide mpụ mba ụwa, gụnyere ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na ọgwụ ọjọọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-05-22|title=Armenian Delegation attends OSCE 18th Counter-Trafficking-in-Persons Alliance Conference|url=https://am.usembassy.gov/alliance-conference/|accessdate=2021-10-15|work=U.S. Embassy in Armenia|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, Armenia agbanyeghị ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa wee nọgide na &quot;Tier 2&quot;, dịka n'afọ 2018. Gọọmentị gosipụtara mgbalị na-arịwanye elu site n'inye ndị mmanye iwu ọzụzụ, ịhazi mkpọsa mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, ịchọpụta ndị ọrụ mmanye, na ịzụ ndị ọrụ ebere 64 ka ha rụkọọ ọrụ ọnụ na nsogbu ịzụ ahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-07-02|title=Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report) 2019|url=https://am.usembassy.gov/trafficking-persons/|accessdate=2021-10-18|work=U.S. Embassy in Armenia|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926040834/https://am.usembassy.gov/trafficking-persons/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mkpesa ==
Gọọmentị Armenia amụbaala mbọ ndị mmanye iwu ya niile megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ; Otú ọ dị, egosighi mgbalị ikpe ikpe metụtara ebubo ndị gara aga nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị. Armenia machibidoro ịzụ ahịa mmadụ maka ọrụ mmanye na mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa site na Isiokwu 132 na 132-1 nke iwu ntaramahụhụ ya nke, dị ka emegharịrị na Jenụwarị afọ 2010, na-enye ntaramahụhụ nke ọ dịkarịa ala afọ ise, mkpọrọ na mkpọrọ ruo afọ iri na ise - ntaramahụhụ ndị kwekọrọ na ndị e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike.

Gọọmentị nyochara ikpe iri na ise nke ịzụ ahịa - gụnyere ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ itoolu na nyocha ịzụ ahịa ọrụ isii - ma e jiri ya tụnyere nyocha iri na atọ na 2008. Ụlọ ikpe Armenia kpagburu mmadụ iri na itoolu na ikpe iri na abụọ nke ịzụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ asatọ a gbara akwụkwọ n'afọ 2008. Ndị ọchịchị mara ndị omekome iri na otu ikpe n'afọ 2009 - gụnyere mmadụ asatọ maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na mmadụ atọ maka ịzụ ahịa ọrụ - site na ikpe anọ n'afọ 2008. E nyere ndị omekome iri na otu niile a mara ikpe n'afọ 2009 mkpọrọ; ọ dịghị onye na-azụ ahịa natara ikpe nkwụsị. E nyere ndị omekome anọ ikpe site na afọ atọ ruo afọ ise' na ndị omekome asaa ikpe sitere na afọ asaa ruo afọ iri na atọ. N'ihi mmekọrịta gọọmentị na ndị nọ n'èzí, ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị 447 natara ọzụzụ site n'aka ndị NGO na-emegide ịzụ ahịa, òtù mba ụwa, gọọmentị mba ọzọ, na gọọmentị Armenia banyere ọtụtụ nsogbu megide ịzụ ahịa gụnyere itinye iwu Armenia na-emegide ịzụ ahịa na usoro ntụgharị mba, usoro nyocha, na ọrụ mmanye.  Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị akụkọ ọhụrụ banyere ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-etinye aka na ịzụ ahịa n'ime afọ gara aga, gọọmentị gosipụtara naanị ọganihu dị ala na nyocha nke ikpe nrụrụ aka nke afọ 2006. Ikpe dị iche iche nke onye bụbu osote onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ nwere mkpa pụrụ iche nke steeti bụ onye e boro ebubo na ọ manyere ụmụ akwụkwọ abụọ ịrịọ arịrịọ n'afọ 2008 nọgidere na-aga n'ihu na ngwụcha oge akụkọ a.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2017, gọọmentị  mba Armenia nọgidere na-agba mbọ ndị mmanye iwu, ma nyochaa ikpe iri na isii nke ịzụ ahịa, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nyocha iri na anọ sitere n'afọ 2015. Site na ikpe iri na isii ahụ, ise bụ ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ, ịzụ ahịa ọrụ iri na otu bụ ha abụọ. N'afọ ahụ, gọọmentị zụkwara ndị nyocha 334 site na Kọmitii Nchọpụta na ndị uwe ojii 83 na nsogbu ịzụ ahịa ọrụ. Na mmekorita ya na INTERPOL, gọọmentị Armenia haziri nyocha ya na gọọmentị anọ si mba ọzọ.

N'afọ 2019, Armenia amụghị ndị na-azụ ahịa ọ bụla ikpe ma kpee ya ikpe na-erughị n'afọ 2018, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ afọ nke atọ n'usoro na gọọmentị chọpụtara ikpe ịzụ ahịa ole na ole. Ndị a tara ahụhụ nọ n'okpuru ohere dị ala maka ikpe ziri ezi, usoro na nchedo ndị akaebe nke mere ka e megharịa ha na enweghị ebe obibi. Ọ dịghị otu nyocha ọrụ gọọmentị e mere n'oge niile nke mere ka ikike ịchọpụta, inyocha na igbochi ọrụ mmanye belata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Armenia (Tier 2)|url=https://am.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/92/tip2019.pdf|accessdate=2021-10-26|work=U.S. Embassy in Armenia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchedo ==
Gọọmentị mba Armenia egosila mgbalị dị iche iche iji chọpụta ma nye nchebe nye ndị na-azụ ahịa. Gọọmentị ejighị ego o kenyere maka enyemaka ndị metụtara n'afọ 2009, mana n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2010, ya na otu NGO dị n'ógbè ahụ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta iji nye ego maka mgbazinye ụlọ ọrụ maka otu ụlọ ahịa site na Febụwarị ruo Disemba 2010.

N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, gọọmentị nyere iwu nke na-ahụ na a na-enye ndị ahụ metụtara ohere ịnweta ọrụ ahụike nke steeti nyere n'efu; mmadụ abụọ ahụ nwetara enyemaka ahụike dị otú ahụ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-emejuputa usoro ntụgharị mba ya. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2010, gọọmentị mere mgbanwe na usoro ntụgharị mba, na-amụba enyemaka gọọmentị na-akwụ ụgwọ na ebe obibi maka ndị na-azụ ahịa site na ụbọchị asaa ruo ụbọchị iri atọ mgbe ha matara ha na mbụ; enyemaka ndị ọzọ dabere na mmekorita ha na nyocha ndị mmanye iwu.

NGO gosipụtara nchegbu na usoro ntụgharị mba ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịgba ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa ikpe kama inyere ndị metụtara aka. Gọọmentị mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a chọpụtara n'oge akụkọ ahụ: ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu chọpụtara mmadụ iri isii n'afọ 2009 ma nyefee mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ n'ime ha na NGO maka enyemaka, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ iri atọ na anọ a chọpụtara na mmadụ iri abụọ a kpọgara maka enyemaka n'afọ 2008. NGO ndị mba ọzọ na-akwụ ụgwọ nyere ndị mmadụ iri abụọ na isii aka n'afọ 2009, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ (24) n'afọ 2008. A gbara ndị ahụ ume ka ha na ndị mmanye iwu na-arụkọ ọrụ; n'afọ 2009, mmadụ iri isii niile metụtara nyere ndị uwe ojii aka na nyocha ịzụ ahịa.

NGO kwukwara na ndị ọka ikpe na ndị ọkàiwu nwere mmetụta dị mma maka ikike ndị metụtara. E kwere ka ndị na-azụ ahịa mba ọzọ a chọpụtara n'ime Armenia nọrọ na mba ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ na akụ na ụba obodo. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, gọọmentị mere mgbanwe iwu nke na-ahapụ ndị na-azụ ahịa site na ikpe mpụ maka omume ọ bụla iwu na-akwadoghị ha nwere ike ime n'ihi ịzụ ahịa; enweghị akụkọ banyere ndị a na-ata ahụhụ maka omume ndị dị otú ahụ n'oge akụkọ. Enweghị nchebe kwesịrị ekwesị nke onye akaebe nọgidere na-abụ ihe na-echegbu onwe ya; nke a nwere ike igbochi mgbalị ikpe Armenia.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;/&gt;

A nọgidere na-eme mgbalị nchebe n'afọ 2017, ebe a chọpụtara mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ metụtara ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ itoolu site na 2015. Mmadụ iri na itoolu n'ime ndị ahụ nabatara enyemaka site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ NGO na-elekọta, gọọmentị nyekwara nde AMD 18.8 ($ 39,260) maka mgbalị nchebe ndị metụtara, gụnyere ego iji rụọ ụlọ mgbaba ahụ. Gọọmentị tinyekwara nde AMD 1.8 ($ 3,650) n'ime ego nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke na-enye ndị na-azụ ahịa ụgwọ otu oge site na 250,000 AMD ($ 520). N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2017, e mechiri otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ NGO na-elekọta ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ ndị na-enye onyinye ahụ agwụla.

== Mgbochi ==
Gọọmentị Armenia emeela mgbalị mgbochi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ, ọkachasị site n'ịkwalite mmata n'oge akụkọ ahụ. N'afọ 2009, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-ahụ maka mbugharị nyere ihe dị ka $ 8,000 maka mbipụta na nkesa nke 100,000 broshuọ na mpempe akwụkwọ na-akọwa usoro iwu maka ndị Armenia na-achọ ịrụ ọrụ na mba ọzọ. E kesara ihe ndị a nye ndị njem si mba ọzọ na ọdụ ụgbọ elu dị na Yerevan nakwa n'ụlọ ọrụ na ebe ndị na-elekọta mmadụ.

Gọọmentị nyekwara ihe dị ka $ 20,000 maka mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi nke a na-elekwasị anya na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma akpọrọ &quot;Campaigns Among Youth to Increase Awareness on the Threat of Trafficking&quot;. Mgbasa ozi ahụ gụnyere mkparịta ụka ogbako vidiyo dijitalụ banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ịzụ ahịa nke gosipụtara na telivishọn ọha na eze nke Armenia. Mgbasa ozi ahụ gụnyekwara ọmụmụ ihe mpaghara ndị ọzọ iji zụọ ndị isi ndị ntorobịa banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ịzụ ahịa - e kesara ndị ọgbọ ha ozi a. Ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ókèala anaghị elebara usoro mbata na mbata anya maka ihe akaebe nke ịzụ ahịa, gọọmentị emeghịkwa mgbalị ọ bụla iji belata ọchịchọ maka mmekọahụ azụmahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Armenia&quot;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, gọọmentị mụbara mgbalị mgbochi maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ma mepụta ma nakweere 2016-2018 National Action Plan (NAP). Ndị otu Inter-Agency Working Group against Trafficking in Persons na-ezukọ mgbe niile n'afọ niile ma bipụta akụkọ ọrụ ọkara afọ na kwa afọ. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị duziri ọrụ mgbochi na ọrụ dị iche iche, ndị uwe ojii wee nwee mkparịta ụka na-eme ka ndị mmadụ mara ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-ebufe vidiyo, ma sonye na mmemme telivishọn na-etinye aka na nsogbu ịzụ ahịa. E nyere ndị na-agafe ókèala ahụ ozi gbasara ihe ize ndụ nke ịzụ ahịa site na Ministry of Diaspora.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Ihe ruuru mmadụ na Armenia
* Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Europe

== Ebensidee ==
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[[Usòrò:Costa_Rica_regions_map.png|thumb|Map Costa Rica]]
Costa Rica bụ isi iyi, njem, na mba na-aga maka ngwaahịa na ngwaahịa, ebe dị mma maka ahia n'oké osimiri. Mba Costa Rica gbara Pacific Ocean na Caribbean Sea gburugburu na-eme ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi nke mbubata na mbupụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica History|url=https://costarica.org/facts/history/|work=CostaRica.org|accessdate=5/7/2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Costa Rica dị ihe dị ka 19,653 square kilomita nke ala, na-eme ka ọ dị ntakịrị karịa West Virginia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitcostarica.com/en/costa-rica/general-information|title=About Costa Rica|author=|first=|date=|work=essential Costa Rica|accessdate=5/7/2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruo n'ókè dị ala ma na-arịwanye elu, Costa Rica bụ isi iyi, njem, na mba na-aga maka ụmụnwoke, ụmụnwanyị, na ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ mmanye, ọkachasị na ọrụ ugbo, iwu ụlọ, ịkụ azụ, na ngalaba ọrụ ụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2018/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628200454/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2018/index.htm|archivedate=2018-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2018|work=www.state.gov|accessdate=2019-03-04}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;. ''www.state.gov''. Archived from [https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2018/index.htm the original] on 2018-06-28&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-03-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Akụ̀ na ụba na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mbupụ unere na kọfị, na-achọ ọrụ ugbo dị elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica history|url=https://costarica.org/facts/history/|work=costarica.org|accessdate=5/7/2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-amanye ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka Costa Rica ka ha nwee mmekọahụ n'ihi oke ịda ogbenye na ime ihe ike. A chọpụtala ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ si mba Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Colombia, na Panama dị ka ndị a manyere ịgba akwụna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka bụ nnukwu nsogbu, ọkachasị na mpaghara Guanacaste, Limon, Puntarenas, na San José. Ụmụaka na-eme njem nlegharị anya na-abịa site na mba United States na Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A na-etinye ụmụokorobịa si Nicaragua, Vietnam, China na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Eshia n'ọnọdụ ọrụ mmanye na Costa Rica.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Costa Rica&quot;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. U.S. Department of State (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Achọpụtala ndị okenye na-eji ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka a na-azụ ahịa ebugharị ma na-ere ọgwụ ọjọọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/trafficking-in-persons-report-2018-costa-rica-tier-2-watch-list/|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2018 – Costa Rica – Tier 2 Watch List {{!}} U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|work=U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23|archive-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423024122/https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/trafficking-in-persons-report-2018-costa-rica-tier-2-watch-list/|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/trafficking-in-persons-report-2018-costa-rica-tier-2-watch-list/ &quot;Trafficking in Persons Report 2018 – Costa Rica – Tier 2 Watch List | U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica&quot;]. ''U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-04-23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mba ndị agbata obi na obodo ndị a na-ahụ maka ọrụ mmanye ọtụtụ ugboro na-ebuga na Costa Rica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Costa Rica bụ ugbu a Tier 2 nche ndepụta ebe dị ka Trafficking In Persons Report.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Gọọmentị Costa Rica anaghị agbaso ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa; Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu ime nke ahụ. N'ime afọ gara aga, Gọọmentị Costa Rica gara n'ihu ime ka ọha na eze mara banyere ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ ma zụọ ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, nyochaa ebubo, na mgbakwunye na ịnọgide na-enwe obere ọrụ ndị metụtara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Otú ọ dị, mbọ ndị mmanye iwu nke gọọmentị kwụsịrị n'ihe gbasara ijide ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa maka mpụ ha na n'idozi ikpe ụlọ nke ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a hụrụ ego na-ezughị ezu na nkesa ego gọọmentị na-enyere aka na ịtụ mgbere ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na &quot;Tier 2&quot; n'afọ 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|accessdate=2017-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2018, akpọrọ Costa Rica dị ka mba Tier 2. Mba Tier 2 anaghị emezu ụkpụrụ kacha nta achọrọ iji kwụsị ịzụ ahịa, mana ha na-eme mgbalị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ndabere ==
Costa Rica dị na Central America. Isi obodo Costa Rica bụ San José . Ndị bi na ya gụnyere ndị mba Europe, Spanish, African, Chinese, na ụmụ amaala nke ruru nde mmadụ 4.9.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ndị bi na ya gụnyere ụzọ anọ n'ụzọ ise nke agbụrụ mba Europe ebe pasent nke ọzọ bụ ndị obodo Mestizos. Mestizos bụ ngwakọta nke agbụrụ Europe na India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Parker|first=Franklin|title=Costa Rica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Costa-Rica|work=Britanica|accessdate=25 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asụsụ ndị ahụ gụnyere Spanish, Limonese, Bribrí, Cabécar, Maléku Jaíka, Boruca, na Térraba. Okpukpe bụ isi bụ Roman Katọlik. Okpukpe ndị ọzọ bụ Protestant, [[Jew|ndị Juu]], na ndị Mennonite.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Costa-Rica|title=Costa Rica {{!}} Location, Geography, People, Culture, Economy, &amp; History|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Costa-Rica &quot;Costa Rica | Location, Geography, People, Culture, Economy, &amp; History&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụ̀ na ụba Costa Rica na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, ọhịa, na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ. Ngwongwo ndị dị mkpa bụ shuga, kọfị, unere, pineapples, okooko osisi, kọfị gourmet, herbs, macadamia nuts, na mmanụ nkwụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ na-agụnyekarị tuna, shrimp, na tilapia. Ọrụ ugbo bụ akụ na ụba kachasị mkpa maka Costa Rica. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị ọrụ na Costa Rica bụ ụmụnwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Usoro gọọmentị Costa Rica gụnyere onye isi ala, ndị osote onye isi ala abụọ, na otu ụlọ omebe iwu. E nwere ógbè asaa na Costa Rica nke e kewara site na mpaghara. Onye isi ala na-ahọpụta ndị gọvanọ. Na Costa Rica enwere otu onye ọka ikpe ma ọ bụ otu ndị ọka ikpe. Enweghị ndị ọka ikpe na ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ na Costa Rica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Afọ nkwenye bụ afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world/costa-rica|title=Costa Rica Age of Consent &amp; Statutory Rape Laws|work=www.ageofconsent.net|accessdate=2019-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Costa Rica, ịgba akwụna bụ iwu. Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ga-abụ ndị dị afọ iri na asatọ ma karịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lightforceintl.com/faq/|title=LightForce International {{!}} FAQ|accessdate=2019-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike ịchọta ndị akwụna na họtel, ụlọ mmanya, klọb, na ụlọ ịhịa aka n'ahụ. Ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ aghaghị inye ihe akaebe na ha dị afọ iri na asatọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Gọọmentị na-enye kaadị njirimara na nyocha ahụike n'efu maka ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/central-america/costa-rica/articles/revealing-costa-ricas-legal-sex-industry/|title=Revealing Costa Rica's Legal Sex Industry|author=Parker|first=Jenn|work=Culture Trip|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2019-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430185204/https://theculturetrip.com/central-america/costa-rica/articles/revealing-costa-ricas-legal-sex-industry/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbakọ Federal nke Guatemala kagburu ịgba ohu na 1882. A kpochapụrụ ịgba ohu na mba Costa Rica n'ọnwa Eprel 17, 1824. Enweghị ọtụtụ ndị ohu mgbe a kwụsịrị ịgba ohu n'ihi na e nwere ndị ohu nweere onwe ha. A kpọtara ndị ohu ojii na Costa Rica na ndị Spain meriri. Ndị ohu ga-arụ ọrụ n'ugbo cacao na unere. E ji ndị ohu rụọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Ụmụnwanyị bụ ndị iko. A tọhapụrụ ụmụaka a mụrụ mgbe nne ha bụ ndị iko. Ndị ohu nweere onwe ha nwere ugbo nke ha, na-arụ ọrụ n'ịrụ ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na-arụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ unere, na-ekpocha ọhịa, ma kwaga ebe ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị ewere ha dị ka ụmụ amaala n'ihi ya ha enweghị ikike iwu kwadoro maka ugbo ha. White Ticos (Costa Ricans) weghaara ala ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/costa-rica-abolishes-slavery/|title=Costa Rica abolishes Slavery|work=African American Registry|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị Ịtụ mgbere ahịa ==
Ụmụaka, ụmụnwoke, na ụmụnwanyị bụ ndị ụdị ahịa niile metụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-achọ ndị na-adịghị ike. Ndị na-enweghị ike nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-enweghị ike n'ụzọ uche, ndị na-enweghị mmetụta uche, enwere ike inwe nsogbu akụ na ụba dịka ịda ogbenye, ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-enweghị nlekọta, ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-agba ọsọ, ha nwere ike ghara ịsụ asụsụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ha nwere ike ịtụ egwu ndị mmanye iwu obodo. Ndị a bụ ihe ndị nwere ike iduga mmadụ ịnọ n'ihu onye na-azụ ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/what-human-trafficking|title=What Is Human Trafficking?|date=2013-05-24|work=Department of Homeland Security|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-20}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/what-human-trafficking &quot;What Is Human Trafficking?&quot;]. ''Department of Homeland Security''. 2013-05-24&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-04-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-azụ ahịa nwere ike iji ime ihe ike, usoro akparamaagwa, mmegbu mmadụ, iyi egwu, njikwa, mmanya, ọgwụ ọjọọ, nkwa ụgha, ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi ọrụ ụgha iji chọọ ndị na-azụ ahịa ma mee ka ha tụọ egwu ịpụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/modern-day-slavery/201610/psychological-tactics-used-human-traffickers|title=Psychological Tactics Used by Human Traffickers|work=Psychology Today|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ịgba ohu ụgwọ&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/UM-NS_Workshop/SiobhanMcGrath.pdf|title=Unfree labor, Capitalism, and contemporary forms of slavery.|author=McGrath|first=Siobhán|date=|work=|accessdate=|archivedate=2021-08-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831194154/http://peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/UM-NS_Workshop/SiobhanMcGrath.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịgba ohu n'ụlọ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/domestic-servitude/|title=Domestic Servitude {{!}} Enslavement of Live-in Help - End Slavery Now|work=endslaverynow.org|accessdate=2019-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọrụ mmanye ma ọ bụ enweghị nnwere onwe na ịzụ ahịa ọrụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/forced-labor/|title=Forced Labor {{!}} Modern Day Slavery - End Slavery Now|work=endslaverynow.org|accessdate=2019-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
* Ịgba ohu&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Ịzụ ahịa akụkụ ahụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/emerging-crimes/organ-trafficking.html|title=Organ Trafficking|work=www.unodc.org|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2019-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430155707/https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/emerging-crimes/organ-trafficking.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Njem mmekọahụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/sex-tourism|title=Sex Tourism {{!}} Travelers' Health {{!}} CDC|work=wwwnc.cdc.gov|accessdate=2019-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/sex-trafficking/|title=Sex Trafficking {{!}} Human Trafficking for Sex - End Slavery Now|work=endslaverynow.org|accessdate=2019-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwapụta ==

=== Ndị E merụrụ ahụ ===
A na-azụ ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka na Costa Rica maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na ọrụ mmanye. A na-azụ ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ site na mba Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, na mba Latin ndị ọzọ. Ụmụnwoke na ụmụaka nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ mmanye, ọkachasị na ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ụlọ nke Costa Rica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

=== Onye omekome ===
N'afọ 2016, a kọrọ na 56% nke [[South Amerika|ndị]] e jidere na South America maka ịzụ ahịa bụ ụmụnwanyị ebe 44% bụ ụmụnwoke. A na-ama ọtụtụ ụmụn

nwanyị ikpe na South America karịa mụ nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/2018/GLOTiP_2018_BOOK_web_small.pdf|title=Global Report on Trafficking Persons 2018|author=Fedotov|first=Yury|date=2018|work=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime|accessdate=April 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbochi ==
[[Usòrò:Plenario_de_la_Asamblea_Legislativa_de_Costa_Rica.JPG|thumb|259x259px|Ụlọ omebe iwu Costa Rica]]
Gọọmentị mba Costa Rica na-arụ ọrụ iji guzobe ntọala siri ike ma kwado òtù ndị ọzọ iji nyere aka n'iwepụ na igbochi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ime mba ahụ. Malite n'afọ 2016, gọọmentị nyere nde $ 1.15 iji mepụta isi ụlọ ọrụ maka National Coalition against Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons (CONATT) nke ga-enye aka n'ịkwalite mmata ma nweekwa ndị otu na-ahụ maka ihe mberede nke awa iri abụọ na anọ na dị ka ebe obibi dị mkpirikpi maka ndị metụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Refugees&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ece73.html|title=Refworld {{!}} 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica|author=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|work=Refworld|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-30}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRefugees&quot;&gt;Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. [https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ece73.html &quot;Refworld | 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica&quot;]. ''Refworld''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-04-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Rahab Foundation, otu nzukọ obodo, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị uwe ojii iji nyere aka zụọ ha ịmata ihe ịrịba ama nke onye a na-azụ ahịa ma nyere aka mee ka ha pụọ n'ụzọ ọjọọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ticotimes.net/2014/06/12/sex-tourism-a-driver-for-human-trafficking-in-costa-rica-says-foundation|title=Sex tourism a driver for human trafficking in Costa Rica, says foundation|work=The Tico Times Costa Rica|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ NGO na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọha na eze na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị iji mee ka a mara site na agụmakwụkwọ. Dị ka ''Costa Rica Star'', akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo si kwuo, n'afọ 2017, gọọmentị malitere inyekwu mmefu ego mba na NGO, ndị na-arụ ọrụ ịlụ ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.co.cr/us-state-dept-notes-costa-ricas-success-curbing-human-trafficking/62939/|title=US State Dept Notes Costa Rica's Success in Curbing Human Trafficking|date=2017-07-05|work=Costa Rica Star News|accessdate=2019-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe iwu gọọmentị na-enye ume ọhụrụ, NGO na-azaghachi ndị metụtara ozugbo site n'inye nri, ebe obibi, na enyemaka ego na nke uche. Otú ọ dị, a kọrọ na ha anaghị azaghachi n'oge ma ọ bụ ndị ahụ metụtara anaghị enweta otu ọkwa nchebe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/tip-cr-2017/|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017 – Costa Rica – Tier 2 Watch List {{!}} U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|work=U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|accessdate=2019-04-01|archive-date=2019-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401214041/https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/tip-cr-2017/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ mgbochi na-ewere ọnọdụ bụ gọọmentị na-enye iwu na iwu ndị ọzọ iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Gọọmentị agafeela Iwu megide Ịtụ mgbere ahịa na 2013 Creation of the National Coalition against the Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking in Persons iji kpee ndị na-ekere òkè na mbubata na mbupụ ndị mmadụ na Costa Rica maka ụdị ọrụ mmekọahụ ọ bụla, ịgba ohu ọrụ, na / ma ọ bụ ịzụ ahịa nke akụkụ ahụ iwu na-akwadoghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Site n'ime ka ọ bụrụ iwu na-akwadoghị ma na-ekpe ndị omekome ikpe, ọ ga-enye aka n'ịkwụsị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ihi egwu nke nsonaazụ. Ekwenyere na Costa Rica nwere ike ịmalite idozi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ site n'ime ka a mara ya; ọbụnadị ndị ọrụ Mịnịstrị mba ofesi ha kwenyere na ọ ga-abụ isi iyi nke &quot;ike omume&quot; ma weta &quot;nchebe ogologo oge&quot; na ọkwa ịzụ ahịa mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Global good Samaritans : human rights as foreign policy|url=https://archive.org/details/globalgoodsamari0000brys|author=Brysk, Alison|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199700691|oclc=317495489}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, gọọmentị kpebiri ịbawanye mgbalị mgbochi site na ịmepụta atụmatụ ọrụ ọhụrụ maka afọ 2017-2022. O nwere nkwado iji kwado nzukọ mba ụwa ọzọ na ịtụ aro ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara gọọmentị na-emegide ịzụ ahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271170.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703181213/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271170.htm|archivedate=2017-07-03|title=Costa Rica|work=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mkpesa ===
Gọọmentị Costa Rica kwadoro mgbalị ndị mmanye iwu megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Nkeji edemede 172 nke iwu ntaramahụhụ, nke e megharịrị n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2009, na-enye ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ isii ruo afọ iri maka njem nke ndị mmadụ ma gafee ókèala ma n'ime mba ahụ maka ebumnuche nke ịgba akwụna, ịgba akwụna ma ọ bụ ọrụ, ịgba ohu, ọrụ mmanye ma ọ bụ ọrụ, alụmdi na nwunye ohu, ịrịọ arịrịọ mmanye, ma ọ bụ ụdị ọrụ mmanye. Iwu a machibidoro nnabata iwu na-akwadoghị, nke na-adabaghị na nkọwa mba ụwa nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Enwere ike ịbawanye ikpe ruo afọ asatọ ruo afọ iri na isii n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị njọ, dị ka mmegbu nke nwatakịrị ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ ahịa na-eji aghụghọ, ime ihe ike, iyi egwu, ma ọ bụ mmanye. Ntaramahụhụ ndị e depụtara na Nkeji edemede 172 a gbanwere bụ nke zuru oke ma kwekọọ na ndị e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/crimes-against-humanity/index.php#costarica|title=Crimes Against Humanity Statutes and Criminal Code Provisions|author=Staff|first=Global Legal Research Directorate|date=April 2010|work=www.loc.gov|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isiokwu 376 na 377 nke iwu ntaramahụhụ machibidoro ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ ụmụaka, na-enye ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ abụọ ruo afọ anọ. Iwu 8754, nke e mere n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2009, nyere ikike iji mmụba ndị mmanye iwu na usoro nyocha, dị ka ịgbanye ekwentị na iji akaebe a na-atụ anya ya, mgbe ị na-eme ikpe ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e12ee8737.html|title=Refworld {{!}} 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica|author=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|work=Refworld|accessdate=2019-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, amaghị iwu ọhụrụ ahụ nke ọma, gbochiri ịmanye iwu ndị a, gọọmentị wee gaa n'ihu na-eji iwu ndị ọzọ na-ekpe ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa na-etinye aka na mmegbu ụmụaka. N'afọ 2017, a kọrọ na ha meghere ikpe ọhụrụ iri abụọ na isii ma kpee ndị ọzọ iri atọ na itoolu na-ahụ maka ndị na-azụ ndị ọzọ na mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ece73.html|title=Refworld {{!}} 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica|author=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|work=Refworld|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị mmanye iwu na-ebubata mmadụ isii, ma soro gọọmentị mba ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma n'ọnọdụ nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na mba ụwa. Enweghị ndị ọrụ gọọmentị a kpagburu ma ọ bụ maa ha ikpe maka nrụrụ aka metụtara ịzụ ahịa, ọ bụ ezie na n'oge akụkọ ahụ, a kwụsịrị otu onye ọrụ gọọmentị ma mechaa chụọ ya n'ọrụ maka itinye aka na atụmatụ ọrụ mmanye metụtara ndị ntorobịa China; ndị ọchịchị ka na-enyocha ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;/&gt; Maka iwu ịgba akwụna na njem mmekọahụ maka ndị ọbịa, gọọmentị na-azọrọ na ọ na-enye ndị na-abanye na mba ahụ ikpe siri ike na-akpọsa na / ma ọ bụ na-agba ume ịzụ ahịa na ịgba akwụna nke mmadụ na ụmụaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/CostaRica.html|title=Costa Rica International Travel Information|work=travel.state.gov|accessdate=2019-04-02|archivedate=2019-04-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402222406/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/CostaRica.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji hụ na nchekwa nke ụmụaka ma chebe ha megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ, gọọmentị nwere ụlọ ọrụ onye ọka iwu nwere ngalaba ikpe pụrụ iche megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ebe ndị uwe ojii na-enyocha ikpe na Mịnịstrị nke Ọrụ na Nchebe Ọha (MTSS) na-arụ ọrụ iji nyochaa ikpe nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ megide ụmụaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/costa-rica|title=Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Costa Rica|date=2016-09-30|work=United States Department of Labor|accessdate=2019-04-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nchedo ===
Gọọmentị Costa Rica anọgidewo na-ahụ na ndị na-azụ ahịa nwetara ohere ịnweta ọkwa dị mkpa nke enyemaka ndị a na-azụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ. Gọọmentị nyere ụfọdụ ndị isi ọzụzụ banyere otu esi emeso ndị na-azụ ahịa; Otú ọ dị, a kọrọ na enwebeghị mgbalị ọ bụla iji chọọ ndị na-azụ ahịa n'etiti ndị na-adịghị ike, dị ka ụmụnwanyị ma ọ bụ ụmụaka na-agba akwụna. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ọrụ nchekwa gọọmentị nyere maka ndị na-azụ ahịa mmadụ, gọọmentị zigara ụfọdụ ndị a na-ahụ maka nlekọta bụ isi na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị maka ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka. Gọọmentị na-adaberekarị na NGO na òtù okpukpe iji nye nlekọta pụrụ iche maka ndị na-azụ ahịa, ọ dịghịkwa ebe obibi ma ọ bụ nchebe maka ndị nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2015/243420.htm|title=Costa Rica|work=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ndị mba ọzọ ruru eru maka otu ọrụ ahụ dị ka ụmụ amaala Costa Rica. Gọọmentị &quot;usoro nlebara anya ozugbo&quot; kọwara nzọụkwụ maka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị dị iche iche iji chọpụta, chọpụta, chebe ma nye enyemaka jikọtara onye a na-emegbu, na-ahụ maka ngwa ngwa nyere ndị ọrụ nye mmadụ abụọ nwere ike ịzụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Gọọmentị nyere ụfọdụ enyemaka iwu na nke uche, ọ bụ ezie na NGO kwuru mkpa ọ dị maka mgbalị gọọmentị ka ukwuu iji weghachite ndị metụtara n'ime obodo ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Refugees&quot;/&gt;

Gọọmentị n'ozuzu ya anaghị ata ndị a tara ahụhụ maka omume iwu na-akwadoghị mere n'ihi ịzụ ahịa. Otú ọ dị, ndị isi mesoro ụfọdụ ndị mbịarambịa toro eto dị ka ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị, ma chụpụ ha n'emeghị ihe zuru oke iji chọpụta ma ha bụ ndị na-azụ ahịa, na ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa gọọmentị kọrọ bụ ụmụ amaala mba ọzọ. Ndị mba ọzọ ruru eru maka akwụkwọ ikike ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, gọọmentị nwekwara ndokwa iji nye ndị na-azụ ahịa mba ọzọ visa pụrụ iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ndị ọ bụla natara nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a dị n'elu n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Iwu mbata ọhụrụ, nke dị irè n'ọnwa Machị 2010, na-enye ikike ọnọdụ obibi nwa oge kpọmkwem maka ndị na-azụ ahịa mba ọzọ. Ndị ọchịchị mba Costa Rica gbara ndị omekome ume ka ha nyere aka na nyocha na ikpe nke ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa, gọọmentị mepụtara usoro nchedo ndị akaebe n'afọ gara aga maka ndị omekome, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-arụbeghị ọrụ nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2017, e guzobere Institutional Protocol for the Care of Minors and Survivors of Trafficking in Persons iji chọpụta mpụ. National Coalition against Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons (CONATT) na-enye ọrụ maka ndị lanarịrị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere nri, ụlọ, ego, iwu, na akparamaagwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

=== Òtù Na-emegide Ịtụ mgbere Ahịa ===
N'afọ 2016, gọọmentị Costa Rica sonyeere Blue Heart Campaign, nke UNODC mepụtara iji nyere gọọmentị, òtù, na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ụlọ ọrụ onwe ha aka ikpughe, gbochie, ma lụọ ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ime mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2016/November/costa-rica-joins-the-blue-heart-campaign.html|title=Costa Rica joins the Blue Heart Campaign|work=www.unodc.org|accessdate=2019-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mee ka ọha na eze mara na agụmakwụkwọ ga-enye aka n'ịchọpụta na iwepụ ịzụ ahịa n'ime obodo. N'afọ sochirinụ, 2017, nke ugboro ise, Costa Rica na Panama jikọtara ọnụ iji nwee njem na mba ọ bụla nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkụziri ma mee ka a mata ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na otú ụmụ amaala nwere ike isi mata ma gbochie ya n'ime mba ha, nke ndị mmanye iwu Costa Rica na Panamainan na-akwado.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://programamesoamerica.iom.int/en/news/panama-and-costa-rica-walk-together-against-human-trafficking|title=Panama and Costa Rica walk together against human trafficking {{!}} Mesoamerica Program|work=programamesoamerica.iom.int|accessdate=2019-04-01|archivedate=2019-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401214040/http://programamesoamerica.iom.int/en/news/panama-and-costa-rica-walk-together-against-human-trafficking}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime Costa Rica maka igbochi ịzụ ahịa nke ndị mmadụ bụ Face of Justice Association, ebe ha na-azụ ma ndị uwe ojii ma ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mba ahụ niile iji kụziere ha banyere ndị na-azụ ahịa na otu esi amata ma kpochapụ ya. Fundación Paniamor bụ otu nzukọ dị na Costa Rica nke Costa Rican Steeti kwupụtara na ọ bụ mmasị ọha na eze site na Iwu n'afọ 1989 n'ihi mbọ ha siri ike ha na-agba inye ohere maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ka ha wee nwee ike izere ịzụ ahịa na mmegbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.paniamor.org/who-we-are|title=Paniamor - Quiénes somos|work=www.paniamor.org|accessdate=2019-04-01|archivedate=2019-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401214040/https://www.paniamor.org/who-we-are}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ NGO na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na Costa Rica gụnyere: Alianza por tus Derecho bụ nzukọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke na-ezube ịmepụta mmemme ndị na-akwalite ma kwado ikike ụmụ mmadụ ụmụaka nwere iji kpochapụ mmegbu na mmegbu ha na-atachi obi n'oge ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/who-are-we/mision-and-vision|title=Mision and vision {{!}} Alianza por tus Derechos|work=en.alianzaportusderechos.org|accessdate=2019-04-18|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418144836/http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/who-are-we/mision-and-vision}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ mmemme ha na-enye gụnyere usoro nkwado uche nke gụnyere ọgwụgwọ onye ọ bụla na ọgwụgwọ ezinụlọ iji dozie ahụike uche ha mgbe ha na-edozi ihere ọha na eze n'etiti ezinụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/article/psychological-support/|title=Psychological support {{!}} Alianza por tus Derechos|work=en.alianzaportusderechos.org|accessdate=2019-04-18|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418144837/http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/article/psychological-support/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị kwadoro mgbalị mgbochi siri ike n'ime afọ akụkọ ahụ, na-azụ ndị isi ma na-eji mmekọrịta na NGO, òtù mba ụwa, na gọọmentị mba ọzọ iji mee ka ọha na eze mara banyere ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Gọọmentị, na mmekorita ya na UNICEF na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ, gara n'ihu na mkpọsa mgbochi mgbochi ịzụ ahịa, nke ruru pasent iri ise nke ndị okenye na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'etiti Ọktoba 2008 na Juun 2009. Gọọmentị n'afọ 2018 ekwela nkwa $ 25,000 nke mmefu ego ya iji gaa na mmemme a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2009/123135.htm|title=Country Narratives -- Countries A Through C|work=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}{{Americas topic|Human trafficking in}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>El Anatsui</title>
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      <text bytes="24489" sha1="5tcwl80b29f8sfnahr486gv3aamr4bj" xml:space="preserve">El Anatsui (/ɛl ˌænətˈsuːi/; amuru 4 Februarị 1944) bu onye oka nka onye Ghana na-aru oru n’ime otutu oru ya na Naijiria. Ọ dọtala uche mba ụwa karịsịa maka &quot;nrụnye karama ya&quot;. Nrụnye ndị a nwere ọtụtụ puku iberibe aluminom sitere n'ụlọ ọrụ a na-emegharị mmanya na-aba n'anya ma were waya ọla kọpa dụkọta ọnụ, bụ́ nke a na-agbanwezi ka ọ bụrụ ihe a kpụrụ akpụ dị ka ákwà ọla. Ihe ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na o yiri ka ọ siri ike ma sie ike, na-enwere onwe ya ma na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-enyekarị aka na nhazi mgbe ọ na-etinye ihe ọkpụkpụ ya..  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://art21.org/artist/el-anatsui/|title=El Anatsui|author=Sollins|first=Marybeth|work=Art 21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Christinee|first=Lindsay|date=8 September 2020|title=Fall In Love With These Sustainable Artists|url=https://thewellnessfeed.com/sustainable-artists-making-art-from-trash-0908/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122032741/https://thewellnessfeed.com/sustainable-artists-making-art-from-trash-0908/|archivedate=22 January 2021|accessdate=19 January 2021|work=The Wellness Feed|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agụnyere Anatsui na 2023 Time 100 ndepụta nke ndị kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/6268986/el-anatsui/|title=El Anatsui: The 100 Most Influential People of 2023|date=13 April 2023|accessdate=17 May 2024|archivedate=7 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207172347/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/6268986/el-anatsui/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ El Anatsui na Anyako, na mpaghara Volta nke Ghana. Nkakrankakra nkratafa 32 a ɛwɔ baabi a wote no, Anatsui a woyii no adi no nyinaa akyi no, woyii no fii afiase. Ahụmahụ mbụ ya na nka bụ site n'ise akwụkwọ ozi na chalkboard. Mgbalị ide akwụkwọ ya dọọrọ mmasị onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, bụ́ onye gbara mbọ ya ume site n'inyekwu nzu. N'ihi afọ ndụ ya n'oge ahụ (ozugbo ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara), ọ na-ewere akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ dị ka ihe oyiyi karịa ka akwụkwọ ozi - ụdị ndị nwere mmasị na ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Anatsui|first=El|date=2008|title=Convergence: History, Materials, and the Human Hand—An Interview with El Anatsui|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40598941|journal=Art Journal|volume=67|issue=2|pages=36–53|issn=0004-3249}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Anatsui nwetara B.A. ya na 1968 site na College of Art and Built Environment (KNUST) na Kumasi, Ghana. Ọ natara diplọma ya na agụmakwụkwọ nka n'afọ sochirinụ, na 1969, site na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST) , kwa na Kumasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=El Anatsui &amp;#124; Curriculum Vitae|url=https://elanatsui.art/curriculum-vitae|accessdate=22 April 2022|work=El Anatsui}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta nka mbụ ya gụnyere [[Oku Ampofo]], [[Vincent Kofi|Vincent Akwete Kofi]], na [[Kofi Antubam]], ha niile malitere ịjụ mmetụta ndị mba ọzọ n'omume ha maka ụdị nka ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Akyeampong|first=Emmanuel Kwaku|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Vincent+Akwete+Kofi&amp;pg=RA1-PA283|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2012-02-02|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1969, Anatsui malitere ọrụ nkuzi na Winneba Specialist Training College (nke bụzi Mahadum Mmụta), ọrụ nke Kofi rụzuru na mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Oguibe|first=Olu|date=Winter 1998|title=El Anatsui: Beyond Death and Nothingness|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-arts_winter-1998_31_1/page/48|journal=African Arts|volume=31|issue=1|pages=48–55+96|doi=10.2307/3337623}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ malitere nkuzi na Mahadum Nigeria, Nsukka na 1975. Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi ukwu na ngalaba Fine and Applied Arts na 1982, ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi na ngalaba ahụ na prọfesọ zuru oke nke ọkpụrụkpụ na 1996, ọrụ ọ rụrụ ruo 2011. Ọnụnọ ya na Mahadum Nsukka mere ka ọ banye n'òtù Nsukka..&lt;blockquote&gt;O werela ọtụtụ afọ ịchọta ndị na-ese ihe nwere ike ịnọ ebe a ma ama na sekit zuru ụwa ọnụ mgbe ha na-ahọrọ ibi na mpụga etiti obodo. William Kentridge emeela aha ya site na Johannesburg, El Anatsui emeriela mbara ala mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na obodo mahadum Nigeria dị na Nsukka..&lt;ref&gt;McDonald, John, [http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/el-anatsui-out-of-africa-and-taking-the-world-by-storm-20160201-gmin4r.html &quot;El Anatsui: out of Africa and taking the art world by storm&quot;], ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'', 6 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Ihe osise ==
Anatsui na-ekwu na, site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum, &quot;ihe niile anyị na-eme bụ nke ọdịda anyanwụ,&quot; ọkachasị n'ime ngalaba nka nke mahadum ya; o chere na e nwere ihe na-efu na agụmakwụkwọ ya maka enweghị uche ya na ọdịbendị nke ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-10-09|title=El Anatsui: the sculptor on making art from waste, and waking up the artist in all of us|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/10/09/el-anatsui-the-sculptor-on-making-art-from-waste-and-waking-up-the-artist-in-all-of-us|accessdate=2024-03-14|work=The Art Newspaper - International art news and events}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji dozie nke a, ọ malitere ileta National Cultural Centre of Ghana, kwa na Kumasi, iji soro ndị na-agụ egwú, ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na'ese akwa, ndị na - ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ, na ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ụdị niile. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka ọ zutere Adinkra, usoro ihe ịrịba ama na akara, nke bụ mmeghe mbụ ya maka nka na-enweghị atụ ma meghee ụwa ọhụrụ nke ohere nka maka ya.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ ndị 1970, Anatsui na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro na osisi. O nwere mmasị karịsịa na trayị osisi, nke ọ na-ahụkarị na a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ahịa iji gosipụta ihe oriri na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ - ọ ga-akpụ ha ma ọ bụ jiri akara Adinkra na akara ndị ọzọ jiri osisi ọkụ see ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ọ malitekwara iji osisi rụọ akụkụ mgbidi site na eriri ndị a na-etinye n'akụkụ ibe ya, a na-achọ elu ya mma na atụmatụ ndị a na'elu ihe ahụ site na iji ụdọ, gouges, ire ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ágbá.&lt;ref name=&quot;NMOAA&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110927230556/http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/anatsui.htm &quot;El Anatsui&quot;] biography at the National Museum of African Art, Washington, D.C.&quot;. Retrieved 24 January 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha afọ 70, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ụrọ: ite, ọkachasị, na-enyocha isiokwu nke adịghị ike na mmebi. O nwere mmasị n'otú, ọbụlagodi mgbe ite gbawara ma kwụsị iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ anyị na-eche (maka nri, mmiri), ọ na-ewere ebumnuche ọhụrụ, ọbụna na-enweta uru ndị ọzọ, site na nke ụwa ruo na nke ime mmụọ. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya bụ iji iberibe ite maka inye onyinye. O kwuru, &quot;Ọ dị ka a ga-asị na ite ahụ, ebe ọ gbajiri, gbanwere n'ime akụkụ nke na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ndị nna nna na chi ndị nọ n'onwe ha na akụkụ mmụọ. &quot;[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ ya na ite ndị a gbajiri agbaji, Anatsui nyochara isiokwu nri ndị dị n'akụkụ ya na ihe ndị ọzọ: osisi, ọzọ, n'ụdị ụrọ; ngwá ọrụ eji arụ ọrụ cassava, na elu karama.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ Anatsui gosipụtara ihe ndị, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị nwere ndụ nke iji mee ihe tupu e mepụta ya n'ime ihe osise a. Otú ọ dị, nkwenye ya na ihe ahụ a chọtara, abụghị nke Duchampian, ma lekwasị anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ojiji na ihe akaebe nke aka mmadụ na ihe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Mgbe ejirila ihe mee ihe, enwere ụgwọ ụfọdụ, ike ụfọdụ, nke ga-emetụta ndị metụrụ ya aka ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi mgbe ụfọdụ. Nke a na-enyere aka iduzi ihe mmadụ na-eme, yana ịgbanye ihe mmadụ na na-eme na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọdịbendị. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Okpu karama bụ ihe kachasị amasị ya; dị ka ákwà, Anatsui na-akọwa, nhazi nke okpu karama dịgasị iche iche, na-enye ya ohere ịtụle nka ya ma n'ụzọ a tụrụ atụ (site n'ụdị okpu) na n'ụzọ na-ese ihe (site na agba nke okpu). Ọzọkwa, ọ na-enwe ekele maka ọhụụ nke okpu karama na-enye n'ime nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ugbu a na akụkọ ihe mere eme, site na aha na agba nke ụdị ihe ọṅụṅụ dị iche iche a na-ebipụta na okpu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ihe kachasị mkpa nye m bụ mgbanwe. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na mgbasa ozi ndị a, nke ọ bụla na-akọwa ụdị ihe ọṅụṅụ, anaghịzi alaghachi iji rụọ otu ọrụ ahụ kama ha bụ ihe ndị nwere ike ịkpata echiche, ụfọdụ echiche, ma ọ bụ naanị ihe ijuanya. Nke a ga-ekwe omume n'ihi na ewepụrụ ha n'ihe ha maara, na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ihe ọhụrụ, ha na-eweta akụkọ ihe mere eme na njirimara ha. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ọtụtụ isiokwu dị n'ọrụ Anatsui: mbibi na mmezigharị nke ihe dị ka ihe atụ maka ndụ na mgbanwe ndị Afrịka chere ihu n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị ọzọ na kemgbe nnwere onwe; isiokwu ọdịnala na ihe ndị dị na ákwà a na-akwa akwa na ákwù ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka; na nchegbu maka nkọwa na-ezighi ezi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afrịka na mgbagwoju anya ọ kpatara.&lt;ref name=&quot;NMOAA&quot;/&gt; Ọrụ ya nwekwara njikọ na ọdịbendị ọdịbendị nke West Africa na echiche nke oriri na ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

Echiche nke Sankofa [nke a sụgharịrị dị ka &quot;laghachi azụ ma weghachite&quot;] dịkwa na ọrụ Anatsui. Ọ na-ele ya anya dị ka ụzọ isi see ihe ndị gara aga, nkuzi ndị ọ na-enye, iji kọwaa usoro ịga n'ihu. Maka ya, Sankofa kọwara mkpa ọ dị ịdọrọ site na ihe dị ya gburugburu ozugbo; Ghana nwere onwe ya mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọtụtụ n'ime agụmakwụkwọ ya lekwasịrị anya na nka nka na akụkọ nka ọdịda anyanwụ, ya mere ọ dị ya ka a kpọrọ ya ka ọ 'laghachi azụ wee weghachite' akụkụ nke omenala Ghana nke ekpochapụworo, ihe ọ kọwara dị ka. ụdị &quot;ọchịchọ maka ịchọpụta onwe&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
[[Usòrò:El_Anatsui_-_Man's_Cloth.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|''Uwe Nwoke'' (1998-2001) na British Museum na 2009]]
Ọrụ Anatsui ji nwayọọ nwayọọ too, malite n'obodo ya bụ [[Nsukka]] tupu ọ gbasaa n'ebe ndị dị ka [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]] na Lagos, ma mesịa gaa mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1990, Anatsui nwere ihe ngosi mbụ ya dị mkpa na Studio Museum na Harlem, [[Nú Yọk|New York]]. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị omenkà atọ a họpụtara na ngosi 1990 &quot;Ndị omenkà Africa nke oge a: Mgbanwe ọdịnala&quot;, nke agbatịpụrụ ruo afọ ise.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;Anatsui gosipụtara ọrụ ya gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere na Brooklyn Museum (2013);  Clark Art Institute (2011); &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140928110020/http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/el_anatsui/ &quot;Gravity and Grace: Monumental Works by El Anatsui&quot;]. Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York. Retrieved 20 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Rice University Art Gallery, Houston (2010);  Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (2008-09); &lt;ref&gt;Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. (2008). [https://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2008/rich-legacy-of-african-textiles-on-view-in-metropolitan-museum-exhibition &quot;Rich Legacy of African Textiles on View in Metropolitan Museum Exhibition&quot;]. Retrieved 29 January 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (2008); &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ricegallery.org/el-anatsui &quot;El Anatsui: Gli (Wall)&quot;]. (2010). Rice University Art Gallery, Houston, Texas. Retrieved 19 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Fowler Museum na UCLA (2007); [3] Venice Biennale (1990 na 2007); [4] Hayward Gallery (2005); [4] Liverpool Biennial (2002); [4] National Museum of Modern Art Guppha (2001); [4] Modern Museum of Vienna Contemporal; [4] Biennale (2001); [5] Modern Museum of Japan Biennale; [4] Biennial (1980) &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/news/artnetnews/artnetnews1-17-08.asp &quot;El Anatsui at NMAA&quot;], ''Artnet'', 17 January 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/exhibitions/el-anatsui-gawu &quot;El Anatsui: Gawu&quot;]. Fowler Museum at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. (2007). Retrieved 1 July 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;interview&quot;&gt;Preece, R. J. (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130524084508/http://www.artdesigncafe.com/el-anatsui-interview-2006 &quot;El Anatsui interview: Out of West Africa&quot;]. ''Sculpture/artdesigncafe''. Retrieved 19 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; data-cx=&quot;{}&quot; data-mw='{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mw-reference-text-cite_note-22&quot;,&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20091010195827/https://www.southbankcentre.co.uk/find/hayward-gallery-and-visual-arts/hayward-gallery-exhibitions/past/africa-remix\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot; class=\&quot;external text\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAiM\&quot;&gt;\&quot;AFRICA REMIX: Contemporary Art of a Continent\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Hayward Gallery, London. Retrieved 29 January 2010.&quot;}}' id=&quot;cite_ref-22&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./El_Anatsui#cite_note-22 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[9]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=El Anatsui Triumphant Scale|url=https://www.kunstmuseumbern.ch/en/see/today/925-el-anatsui-120.html|accessdate=2022-06-04|archivedate=2022-06-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628170837/https://www.kunstmuseumbern.ch/en/see/today/925-el-anatsui-120.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'afọ 1995, Anatsui mere ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya n'onwe ya na mpụga Afrịka na [[London]]. O gosipụtara isiokwu dịgasị iche iche ma gosipụta otu esi egosipụta nka Africa n'ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị a na-adịghị ele anya dị ka &quot;ihe atụ&quot; Africa.[1] Ọrụ ya jiri usoro echiche nke ndị na-ese ihe na Europe na America na-eji eme ihe mana ọ na-esiri ya ike na mba Afrịka.[1] Anatsui gosipụtara ọrụ ya na de Young Museum na San Francisco n'afọ 2005. Nke a bụ oge mbụ ya &quot;na-apụta dị ka akụkụ nke nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide na nnukwu ebe ngosi nka&quot;.[ing]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=El Anatsui: Art and Life|url=https://archive.org/details/elanatsuiartlife0000voge|author=Vogel|first=Susan|publisher=Prestel|year=2012|isbn=978-3-7913-4650-2|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/elanatsuiartlife0000voge/page/78 78]–85}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2005, ihe ngosi ya na Skoto Gallery nke New York, &quot;Danudo,&quot; bụ ihe ngosi mbụ nke mpempe ígwè ya n'obodo America.[12] N'ụlọ ngosi a, Skoto Aghahowa gosipụtara akụkụ mgbidi osisi Anatsui n'akụkụ ihe osise Sol LeWitt. Ihe ngosi a mere ka ọrụ ya bụrụ ihe a ma ama ka ọ na-enweta nkwanye ùgwù na ndị nta akụkọ.[12]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Usòrò:Artempo_ElAnatsui.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe ngosi nke Palazzo Fortuny Artempo nke Anatsui na 2007]]
A kpọrọ Anatsui ka ọ bịa Venice Biennale n'afọ 2006 nakwa ọzọ n'afọ 2007 ebe e nyere ya ọrụ ime ihe abụọ a na-akwụnye ígwè. N'oge mbipụta nke afọ 2007, o gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Palazzo Fortuny nke nwere mgbidi ndị e wuru ọhụrụ maka ya iji gosipụta ihe atọ a na-akpọ ''Dusasa''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ihe osise ọ bụla gosipụtara ọdịdị na agba dị iche iche gụnyere ọlaedo, ọbara ọbara, na oji. Ụzọ e si kpuchie elu karama ahụ n'oge niile a na-akwụnye ya mere ka ọ dị nro nke mere ka ọ guzo iche na ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị na gallery.[1] Onye na-ahụ maka nka nke Biennale, Robert Storr, kwuru na usoro onye na-ese ihe &quot;na-alaghachi n'usoro ihe niile n'oge agha-ọ nwere ụdị nkwanye ugwu m na-ahụbeghị mbụ&quot;.[1] N'oge ngosi Venetian a, Anatsui chọrọ ịmepụta ahụmịhe ọhụrụ maka ndị na-ekiri ya n'echiche. O kwenyere na &quot;ndụ mmadụ abụghị ihe a na-ebibi ma kpọọ nkụ. Ọ bụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile. &quot;  N'oge a, ọ malitere ịkpọ ọrụ ígwè ya dị ka ihe nkedo kama ịbụ &quot;uwe&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;

Nnyocha ọrụ ya nke afọ 2010, nke akpọrọ When I Last Wrote to You About Africa, bụ nke Museum for African Art haziri ma meghee na Royal Ontario Museum na Toronto, Ontario, Canada. O mechara gaa ebe ndị dị na United States ruo afọ atọ, mechie na Mahadum nke Michigan Museum of Art.

Nnukwu ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nke akpọrọ Gravity &amp; Grace: Monumental Works nke El Anatsui, nwere mmalite ya na [[New York City|New York]] na Brooklyn Museum na 2013. N'ịbụ nke Akron Art Museum haziri (ihe ngosi: 2012), ihe ngosi ahụ mechara gaa Des Moines Art Center (2013-14) na Bass Museum of Art na Miami (2014). 

Nnyocha ọrụ ya, nke [[Okwui Enwezor]] na [[Chika Okeke-Agulu]] haziri, nke akpọrọ Triumphant Scale dọtara ìgwè mmadụ mgbe ọ meghere, na Machị 2019 na Munich's Haus der Kunst. Site n'ebe ahụ, ihe ngosi ahụ gara Arab Museum of Modern Art, na Doha, ma mesịa gaa Kunstmuseum Bern na 2020. 

A họpụtara Anatsui maka ụlọ ọrụ Hyundai nke 2023 na Turbine Hall na Tate Modern; nnukwu oghere ngosi maka nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ na ọrụ nka pụrụ iche. Ọrụ ya, &quot;Behind the Red Moon,&quot; bụ nke e ji ọtụtụ puku elu na iberibe karama mee, na-ewu n'elu ọrụ ya na ihe ndị metụtara ahịa ohu gafere Atlantic, ọ ga-adịkwa ka ọ ga-apụta ruo n'April 14, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sooke|first=Alastair|date=2023-10-09|title=El Anatsui: the Turbine Hall has become a mesmerising catwalk|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/el-anatsui-hyundai-commission-tate-modern-review/|accessdate=2024-04-08|work=The Telegraph|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Frankel|first=Eddy|date=2024-04-14|title=El Anatsui: Behind The Red Moon at Tate Modern review|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/art/el-anatsui-behind-the-red-moon|accessdate=2024-04-08|work=Time Out London|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=El Anatsui — from eating Tate &amp; Lyle sugar in Ghana to filling Tate Modern's Turbine Hall|url=https://www.ft.com/content/c5fe7635-5de8-4619-b1fa-9937b0ea0513|accessdate=2024-04-08|work=www.ft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==
A họpụtara Anatsui ka ọ bụrụ onye otu International Society for Education through Art (InSEA) world council na 1992 maka ọrụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt; Anatsui bụ onye guzobere na onye otu Forum for African Arts na 2000. N'afọ ahụ, ọ ghọkwara onye otu Kọmitii Nhọrọ Mba Nile maka Dakar Biennale na Senegal.[1] N'afọ 2001 ọ bụ onye otu na Civitella Ranieri Foundation na Ịtali. [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=El Anatsui when I last wrote to you about Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/elanatsuiwhenila0000anat|author=Binder, Lisa M.|date=2010|publisher=Museum for African Art|isbn=978-0-945802-56-3|oclc=800807190}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;

== Nkwado ==

=== Onyinye ===
Anatsui nwetara aha nsọpụrụ na asọmpi nka mba Ghana nke mbụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na 1968. N'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke nwa akwụkwọ kacha mma n'afọ na College of Art na Kumasi, Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=El Anatsui: Art and Life|url=https://archive.org/details/elanatsuiartlife0000voge|author=Vogel|first=Susan|publisher=Prestel|year=2012|isbn=978-3-7913-4650-2|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/elanatsuiartlife0000voge/page/11 11], 41–45, 85–89, 164}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFVogel2012&quot;&gt;Vogel, Susan (2012). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:elanatsuiartlife0000voge|''El Anatsui: Art and Life'']]&lt;/span&gt;. New York: Prestel. pp.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:elanatsuiartlife0000voge/page/11|11]], 41–45, 85–89, 164. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/978-3-7913-4650-2|&lt;bdi&gt;978-3-7913-4650-2&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1983, o ritere ọrụ maka nnukwu ihe oyiyi ọha na eze abụọ e ji simenti terrazzo mee na ogige [[Nsukka]].[1] A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị omenkà iri a kpọrọ na Zweites Symposium Nordesekkuste residency na Cuxhaven, West Germany, na 1984. [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1990, a kpọrọ Anatsui ka ọ bịa na mmemme Venice Biennale nke iri anọ na anọ kwa afọ nke 5 Contemporary African Artists, ebe ọ natara aha nsọpụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt; N'afọ ahụ, a gụnyere ya na ihe ngosi America nke Nigerian Art-Kindred Spirits .

N'afọ 2015, Venice Biennale nyere Anatsui ọdụm ọla edo maka ihe ọ rụzuru. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnews.com/2015/04/23/venice-biennale-awards-golden-lions-to-el-anatsui-susanne-ghez-names-international-jury/|title=2015 Venice Biennale News. Venice Biennale Awards Golden Lions to El Anatsui, Susanne Ghez, Names Jury|author=Russeth|first=Andrew|date=23 April 2015|work=author|accessdate=23 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Toledo, Manuel, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32666521 &quot;Venice Biennale honours Africa's 'bottle-top artist' El Anatsui&quot;], BBC News, 9 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, e nyere Anatsui Praemium Imperial, onye Ghana mbụ meriri ihe nrite nka mba ụwa a.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.praemiumimperiale.org/en/laureate-en/laureates-en/anatsui-en &quot;2017 Sculpture El Anatsui&quot;], Praemium Imperiale.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chow, Andrew R., [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/12/arts/praemium-imperiale-mikhail-baryshnikov-shirin-neshat.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fdesign &quot;Shirin Neshat and Mikhail Baryshnikov Among Praemium Imperiale Winners&quot;], ''The New York Times'', 12 September 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe nrite ndị ọzọ gụnyere:

* 1990 - Ihe nrite ọha, 7th Annual Triennale der Kleinplastik&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
* 1995 - Kansai Telecasting Prize, 6th Osaka Sculpture Triennial[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
* 1998 - Ihe nrite ọla nchara, 9th Osaka Sculpture Triennial[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
* 2008 - Ndị Ọhụụ! Onyinye, Museum of Arts and Design (MAD) [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
* 2009 - Onyinye Prince Claus
* 2009 - Onye na-ese ihe, Ememe ncheta afọ iri atọ, National Museum of African Art[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
* 2023 - ''Oge 100''&lt;ref&gt;Tessa Solomon (13 April 2023), [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/wolfgang-tillmans-simone-leigh-el-anatsui-time-100-list-1234664115/ Wolfgang Tillmans, Simone Leigh, and El Anatsui Make Time’s ‘100 Most Influential People’ List] ''[[ARTnews]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Degree nsọpụrụ ===

* 2016 - Honorary doctorate, Mahadum Harvard&lt;ref&gt;Gibson, Katie, [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/05/nine-to-receive-honorary-degrees/ &quot;Nine to receive honorary degrees&quot;], ''Harvard Gazette'', 26 May 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gyamfi Asiedu, Kwasi, [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213203142/https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/el-anatsui-legendary-ghanaian-artist-receives-honorary-degree-from-harvard-id5090626.html &quot;Legendary Ghanaian artist receives honorary degree from Harvard&quot;], Pulse.com.gh, 30 May 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017 - Doctorate Honorary, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=14 December 2017|title=KNUST honours eight personalities for invaluable services|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/knust-honours-eight-personalities-for-invaluable-services.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134408/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/knust-honours-eight-personalities-for-invaluable-services.html|archivedate=19 December 2018|accessdate=19 January 2021|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=5 December 2017|title=KNUST honours Fibre Optics inventor Dr Mensah and others|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/knust-honours-fibre-optics-inventor-dr-mensah-and-others.html|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=19 January 2021|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

== Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anatsui, El}}
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  <page>
    <title>Esther Mahlangu</title>
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[[Usòrò:Esther_Mahlangu_in_2015.jpg|thumb|Esther Mahlangu in 2015]]
 
[[Usòrò:Esther_Mahlangu_in_2015.jpg|thumb|Esther Mahlangu in 2015]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Usòrò:Huis086.jpg|thumb|Ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke ụlọ Esther Mahlangu]]
'''Esther Mahlangu''' (a mụrụ ya n'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1935) bụ onye South Africa na-ese ihe site na mba Ndebele. A maara ya maka nnukwu ihe osise ya nke oge a nke na-atụ aka n'ihe nketa Ndebele ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot;/&gt; Mahadum Johannesburg nyere Esther Mahlangu nzere doctorate (&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFQ&quot;&gt;Philosophiae Doctor honoris causa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;), 9 Eprel 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.zalebs.com/whats-hot/esther-mahlangu-gets-conferred-honourary-doctorate/|title=Esther Mahlangu gets conferred with an Honourary Doctorate|author=Mphande|first=Joy|date=9 April 2018|work=Zalebs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Esther Nikwambi Mahlangu na 11 Nọvemba 1935 n'ugbo dị na mpụga Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa, ọ bụkwa nke ndị South Ndebele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapter=Esther Mahlangu|title=Contemporary Art of Africa|author=Magnin|first=André|pages=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryarto00magn/page/46 46 ''ff.'']|year=1996|publisher=[[H. N. Abrams]]|isbn=978-0-8109-4032-1|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryarto00magn/page/46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahlangu malitere eserese mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, nne ya na nne nne ya kụziiri ya nkà nke eserese eserese, na-agbaso ọdịnala nke ndị obodo ya bụ South Ndebele maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ iji see mpụta ụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phaidon Editors&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Luckett|first=Helen|title=Great Women Artists|publisher=Phaidon Press|year=2019|isbn=978-0714878775|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ n'omenala ọdịbendị a ka Mahlangu malitere njem nka ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;RVA2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cushing|first=Nathan|date=17 September 2014|title=South African artist painting commissioned murals at VMFA|url=http://rvanews.com/entertainment/south-african-artist-painting-commissioned-murals-at-vmfa/116911|work=RVA News|accessdate=1 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ụmụnne asatọ tọrọ ya, nke mejupụtara ụmụ nwoke isii na ụmụ nwanyị atọ (gụnyere ya). Ya na di ya nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ. Mgbe e mesịrị, di ya na ụmụ ya nwoke abụọ n'ime ụmụ ya atọ nwụnahụrụ ya. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri nka nke Botshabelo tupu ọ ghọọ onye na-ese ihe. A maara ya maka ịbụ ụmụ nwanyị Ndebele mbụ hapụrụ South Afrika

== &lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot; /&gt;Ọrụ nka ya ==
Ihe osise Mahlangu na-ezo aka n'ụdị ejiji na ọla nke ndị Ndebele.&lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/ndebele-artist-mahlangu-uses-bold-colors-striking-graphics-to-honor-african-heritage/2014/10/03/6df5b87c-45af-11e4-b47c-f5889e061e5f_story.html|title=Ndebele artist Mahlangu uses bold colors, striking graphics to honor African heritage|work=The Washington Post|date=3 October 2014|accessdate=1 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ndị ọ na-eji na-abụkarị ndị na-acha agba na geometric. Ihe osise ya buru ibu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Esther Mahlangu: An Artistic Residency|url=http://vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/esther-Mahlangu-artistic-residency/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729144426/https://www.vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/esther-mahlangu-artistic-residency/|archivedate=2019-07-29|accessdate=April 5, 2022|work=Virginia Museum of Fine Arts|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;Esther Mahlangu jiri brushes e ji ajị ọkụkọ mee. A maara ya maka ịsụgharị ma dochie ihu ọdịnala maka ihe osise Ndebele, mgbidi adobe cow-dung, na akwa, na n'ikpeazụ, alloys metal. Usoro akara aka nke Mahlangu nke akara ọcha nwere akara setịpụrụ diagonally ma ọ bụ kpụọ dị ka chevrons.  Ọ na-etinye aka na ọrụ bead ya niile na beads na mbido “E M'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jasper|first=Adam|date=2014-01-02|title=Making Art Global (Part 2), ‘Magiciens de la Terre’ 1989, edited by Lucy Steeds et al.: London: Afterall, 2013. 304 pp., £14.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-84638-118-8|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14434318.2014.936546|journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Art|language=en|volume=14|issue=1|pages=109–112|doi=10.1080/14434318.2014.936546|issn=1443-4318}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwetara onyinye mbụ nke United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) South Africa NGO na ihe nrite otutu ọnye enyemaka n'afọ 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Esther Mahlangu receives the first United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Southern Africa NGO &amp; Multi-Stakeholder Award in recognition of inclusivity &amp; empowerment|url=https://venturesafrica.com/apostories/dr-esther-mahlangu-receives-the-first-united-nations-high-commissioner-for-refugees-unhcr-southern-africa-ngo-multi-stakeholder-award-in-recognition-of-inclusivity-empowerment/|accessdate=2022-06-03|work=Ventures Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

“Ihe mejupụtara ya dị nkọ, na-etinye aka ma dị mgbagwoju anya karịa nke ndị ọgbọ ya, ókèala dị mgbagwoju anya. O nwere ọchịchọ ịhazi ụkpụrụ ya. (Boyd)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Boyd|first=Craniv Ambolia|date=2017|title=Ndebele Mural Art and the Commodification of Ethnic Style during the Age of Apartheid and Beyond|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1930946232/abstract/14873D3D7AC64FF1PQ/1?accountid=13730|journal=Freie Universitaet Berlin (Germany)|pages=123}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahlangu bu ụzọ nweta nlebara anya mba ụwa n'afọ 1989 na ngosi nka nke Europe akpọrọ ''Magiciens de la terre'' (Ndị Anwansi nke Ụwa).&lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RVA2014&quot;/&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ 1991, BMW nyere ya ọrụ ịmepụta ụgbọ ala nka, dị ka ndị ọzọ BMW Art Car mepụtara tupu (gụnyere Andy Warhol, David Hockney na Frank Stella). Ụgbọala ahụ, BMW 525i, bụ &quot;ụgbọala nka nke Afrịka&quot; mbụ ma jiri ihe osise nke ebo Ndebele sere.&lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RVA2014&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-abụghị onye ọdịda anyanwụ na nwanyị mepụtara otu n'ime ụgbọala nka ndị a.&lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 May 2011|title=12 - Esther Mahlangu|url=http://www.bmwartcarcollection.com/2011/05/12-esther-mahlangu-bmw-art-car/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322213914/https://www.bmwartcarcollection.com/12-esther-mahlangu-bmw-art-car/|archivedate=March 22, 2022|accessdate=April 5, 2022|work=BMW Art Cars|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara gosipụta ụgbọala ahụ na National Museum of Women in the Arts na Washington, DC n'afọ 1994. E gosikwara ya na British Museum, [[London]] n'afọ 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;Artsy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cashdan|first=Marina|title=Esther Mahlangu Is Keeping Africa's Ndebele Painting Alive|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-esther-mahlangu-is-keeping-africa-s-ndebele-painting-alive|work=Artsy|accessdate=30 December 2019|language=en|date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndebele Tribe Related to Mahlangu ==
• Ihe agba pụtara: Agba ọ bụla na-anọchite anya ihe na-adịghị mma ma dị mma ma e wezụga ọcha, nke pụtara na nka agbụrụ Ndebele nke Mahlangu -&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Courtney-Clarke|first=Margaret|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51559254|title=Ndebele : the art of an African tribe|date=2002|publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson|isbn=0-500-28387-7|edition=[New ed.]|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=51559254}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; White: ịdị ọcha na ịhụnanya ime mmụọ

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Blue: “ikwesị ntụkwasị obi” ma ọ bụ “ekwesị ntụkwasị obi”

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Blue, white na Black: alụmdi na nwunye.

ulu valentine, nke a na-akpọ Ibheqe, triangles na ngwakọta dị iche iche: White, Red, Blue.

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Red n'akụkụ White: &quot;Ahụrụ m gị n'anya&quot;

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Blue Band: arịrịọ

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; N'akụkụ ngwakọta White / Red: &quot;Ị ga-abụ valentine m?&quot; (Nwa nwoke ga-eji akara nwa agbọghọ: triangle na-egosi elu)

== Ihe ngosi ==

* Fine Arts Museum- Bordeux Festival Les Magiciens de la Terre (Centre Georges Pompidou) na Paris (1989):&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Levin|first=Kim|date=2001-05-01|title=THE LYON BIENNALE|url=https://doi.org/10.1215/10757163-13-14-1-96|journal=Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art|volume=2001|issue=13-14|pages=96–99|doi=10.1215/10757163-13-14-1-96|issn=1075-7163}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# peeji abụọ gbasaa iji gosipụta ọrụ ha
# Foto atọ dị n'etiti ogologo nke ụlọ ya
# &quot;N'usoro a na-atụ anya ya nke a ga-ezute ha: Unsworth, Bowa Devi, Mahlangu, Long na Tokoudagba: eserese a na-ese n'elu na-eme mgbanwe n'ime ọrụ dabeere na mgbidi. Weiner weghaara nke a ozugbo karịa ya wee mepụta ya site na onyinye nke ndị na-ese ihe n'okporo ụzọ na-esote nke ndị nlekọta na-eche. (Jasper)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jasper|first=Adam|date=2014-01-02|title=Making Art Global (Part 2), ‘Magiciens de la Terre’ 1989, edited by Lucy Steeds et al.: London: Afterall, 2013. 304 pp., £14.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-84638-118-8|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14434318.2014.936546|journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Art|language=en|volume=14|issue=1|pages=109–112|doi=10.1080/14434318.2014.936546|issn=1443-4318}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
# 2014

* 1992

# Carav Cultural Center of Contemporary Art
# Comme des Garcons (Tokyo, [[Japan]]; New York, USA; Paris, [[France]])
# Documenta 9
# Ụlọ ihe nkiri Civic

* 1991

# Ihe ngosi ụgbọ ala Caravan (Lavante)
# BMW Art Cars and Painting Exhibition (Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town)

# 1993
# Geneva International Exhibition (Geneva)
# Nantes Fine Arts Museum

* Musee des Beauz- Arts de Nantes (1994)

* 1995

# Ụgbọala nka nke BMW na ihe ngosi eserese
# Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahịa

* 1996

# World Bank
# Armour J. Blackburn Centre, Mahadum Howard
# Parish Gallery
# Congressional Black Caucus

* 1997

# Het Afrika Museum
# National Arts Club
# Emume ndị mbịarambịa Afrịka
# Emume Spoleto
# York College Galleries

* Tobu Museum of Art (1998)
* Van Reekum Museum (1999)
* 5th Biennal of Contemporary Art (2000)
* Helsinki Fair Center (2001)
* Centro Culturale Trevi (2002)
* The Irma Stern Museum (2003)

* 2005

# Museum of Fine Arts
# Grimaldi Forum
# Ebe ngosi nka nke Pretoria
# Ụlọ ọrụ Smithsonian

* 2006

# The Jean Pigozzi Contemporary African Art Collection&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2005-07-01|title=African art now: masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-6269|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=42|issue=11|pages=42–6269-42-6269|doi=10.5860/choice.42-6269|issn=0009-4978}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tacoma Museum of Art
# Roppongi Hills Art Museum
# Scuderie Aldobrandini Frascati

* 2007    

# Art n'ebe ọha
# Walters Art Museum
# Durban Art Gallery
# Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli

* Denver Museum of Art (2008)
* Complesso Monumentale del Vittoriano (2009)
* Museum of Arts and Design (2011)
* 34 Fine Art (2013)
* Museum of African Art (2014)

*  2015    

# Ihe ngosi nka Irma Stern
# Amref Health Africa Artball

* Frieze Art Fair (2016)
* Cape Town Art Fair (2017)

* 2019

# National Museum Oliewenhuis
# Cape Town Art Fair

* 2020

# Melrose Gallery
# Investec Cape Town Art Fair

* Almine Rech (2021)

* 2022

# Alpha 137 Online Gallery
# Melrose Gallery

== Izu ohi ==
E jidere onye a na-enyo enyo ma tinye ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo Eprel 20, 2022 maka akwụkwọ mgbapụta.

A tọhapụrụ Accomplice na mgbapụta ma nwee ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe na Mee 10. Achọpụtaghị ozi ọzọ 
[[Usòrò:BMW_525i_Art_Car_-_Esther_Mahlangu_(1991).jpg|thumb|Mahlangu's BMW Art Car]]
N'agbata afọ 1980 ya n'afọ 1991 ọ bụ onye bi na Botshabelo Historical Village open-air museum, nke na-egosi ma na-akụziri ndị ọbịa banyere omenala Ndebele .&lt;ref name=&quot;Esther Mahlangu CV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Esther Mahlangu CV|url=http://www.esthermahlanguart.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Esther-Mahlangu-CV.pdf|work=Esther Mahlangu|accessdate=30 December 2019|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414214703/http://www.esthermahlanguart.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Esther-Mahlangu-CV.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E mepụtakwara atụmatụ ya n'afọ 1997 na ọdụ ụgbọ elu British Airways na n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, onye na-ese ihe jiri otu usoro ahụ na-ese ihe na Fiat narị ise ọhụrụ n'oge ngosi &quot;Why Africa?&quot; (2007, Turin).&lt;ref name=&quot;The Presidency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Esther Mahlangu (1935 - )|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/esther-mahlangu-1935|work=The Presidency, The Republic of South Africa|accessdate=30 December 2019|archivedate=30 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230021455/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/esther-mahlangu-1935}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahlangu bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe n'Afrịka nke a na-egosipụtakarị nka ya na mba ụwa. Ọrụ ya dị na nnukwu nchịkọta onwe ya gụnyere nke The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC) nke Jean Pigozzi na ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke ọdịda anyanwụ. N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe a ma ama na mba ụwa, Esther Mahalangu ka bi ugbu a n'obodo ya na mmekọrịta chiri anya na omenala ya.

== Isiokwu ==
Mahlangu na-agbaso ọdịnala obodo nke a na-enyefe ụdị usoro eserese a n'ime ezinụlọ, na-ekwurịta okwu, na-amụta ma na-ebufe naanị site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị (n'oge gara aga). Ihe osise ndị a nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọdịnala oge ochie nke ịchọ ụlọ mma n'oge emume ngafe maka ụmụ nwoke. N'agbata afọ iri na asatọ na afọ iri abụọ, ndị ntorobịa nke ebo ahụ na-aga &quot;ụlọ akwụkwọ ibi úgwù&quot;, emume nke na-akwado na ha gafere ogo mmadụ. Iji mee emume a, ụmụ nwanyị na-eji nkwadebe nsị ehi na ihe ndị sitere n'okike na-edozi n'ime na n'èzí ụlọ ha. A na-etinyekwa ihe osise acrylic na-acha ọkụ na atụmatụ ndị akara ojii depụtara. Ọ bụ ezie na o yiri ka ọ dị mfe, a na-egosipụta abstraction geometric nke eserese ndị a na-ekpughe site na mmegharị na symmetry nke ọdịdị dị mfe dị otú ahụ nke na-eme ka ọrụ ahụ dum dị mgbagwoju anya.

Nkà nke Esther Mahlangu na-egosipụta esemokwu dị n'etiti obodo na ụwa, n'etiti arịlịka na nkewa. N'agbanyeghị na ọ nọgidere na-eji otu &quot;okwu nka&quot; jikọtara ya na ọdịnala ya, Mahlangu etinyela atụmatụ ndị ahụ na ihe dị iche iche gụnyere akwa, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ụrọ, ụgbọala na ụgbọelu. Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na ụdị dị iche iche dịka BMW, Fiat, EYTYS, Melissa's, Beleverde, British Museum na Rolls Royce.

== Ugbu a ==
[[Usòrò:British_Museum,_November_2016_(01).JPG|thumb|Nnukwu Ụlọikpe, British Museum, Nọvemba 2016]]
Esther Mahlangu's 1991 BMW Artcar nọ na-ele anya na British Museum dị ka akụkụ nke 'South Africa: nka nke mba', site na 27 Ọktoba 2016 - 27 Febụwarị 2017.
E gosipụtara usoro BMW Individual 7 ọhụrụ nke nwere osisi pụrụ iche nke ọ sere na Frieze Art Fair na 2016 na ihe ngosi nke ọrụ BMW na 34FineArt haziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bode|first=Mathias|title=BMW Individual 7 Series by Esther Mahlangu.|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0263405EN/bmw-individual-7-series-by-esther-mahlangu?language=en|accessdate=4 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ rụchara mbipụta pụrụ iche nke Belvedere Vodka karama imewe (50% nke uru niile iji nyere aka ịlụso nje HIV / AIDS ọgụ na Africa).
Dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'ụlọ, Mahlangu nyere ọrụ na 2014 site na Virginia Museum of Fine Arts iji mepụta nnukwu ọrụ nka abụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;WP2014&quot;/&gt;

Mahlangu na-eduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ nke na-akụziri ụmụ agbọghọ na-eto eto ọ bụghị naanị eserese kamakwa usoro nke eserese eserese na ụfọdụ nhazi nke beads.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.openafrica.org/experiences/participant/930-esther-mahlangu-ndebele-art-school|title=Esther Mahlangu Ndebele Art School - Participant - Open Africa - Do Travel Differently|first=Code Like Clockwork (Pty) Ltd|author=info@codelikeclockwork.com|accessdate=2015-04-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309023721/http://www.openafrica.org/experiences/participant/930-esther-mahlangu-ndebele-art-school|archivedate=2016-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;South African History Online&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Esther Mahlangu|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/esther-mahlangu|work=South African History Online|accessdate=30 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omenala ahụ abụghị ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Dị ka ọrụ nke otu Mahlangu na-atụ aro, &quot;omenala&quot; bụ ubi na-agagharị agagharị, nke na-adabere n'ọdịnihu ma dị njikere itinye mkpali dị iche iche. N'ezie, ọ bụ ezie na Saụt Afrịka bụ ugbu a otu n'ime mba Afrịka nke nwere ike ime ka ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe na mba ha dị mfe ma na mba ụwa site na ihe omume a na-eme kwa afọ na Johannesburg, ọrụ Esther Mahlangu nwere obi ike karị n'ihi na a mụrụ ya ma tolite na ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Esther Mahlangu arụsiela ọrụ ike na-ekpughe ma na-azụlite talent ya na-eme njem gburugburu ụwa, ọ na-enwekwa mmasị ịkọrọ ọgbọ na-eto eto ihe ọmụma ya ka o wee hapụ ihe nketa nke na-adị ndụ ruo ọgbọ ndị na-abịanụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mun-Delsalle|first=Y.-Jean|title=Esther Mahlangu, One Of South Africa's Most Famous Artists, Perpetuates Traditional Ndebele Painting|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/yjeanmundelsalle/2019/06/07/esther-mahlangu-one-of-south-africas-most-famous-artists-perpetuates-traditional-ndebele-painting/#753fd4231501|work=Forbes|accessdate=30 December 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izu ohi ==
Na 19 Machị 2022 Mahlangu bụ onye ohi ụlọ ebe a wakporo ya ma wakpoo ya, e zuru ụlọ ya ihe onwunwe ya gụnyere égbè na ego a na-akọwaghị. Mpụ ahụ kpalitere iwe na-eme ka a mara banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ mpụ dị elu na South Africa ma ndị uwe ojii South Africa malitere ịchụ nta mmadụ iji jide onye omekome ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/news/manhunt-launched-esther-mahlangus-attacker|title=Manhunt launched for Esther Mahlangu's attacker &amp;#124; eNCA|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2022-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411230719/https://www.enca.com/news/manhunt-launched-esther-mahlangus-attacker}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/ndebele-artist-esther-mahlangu-assaulted-robbed-of-gun-and-money-in-her-home-88f7d408-2217-45d0-9a4b-318ee43ca6ad|title=Ndebele artist Esther Mahlangu assaulted, robbed of gun and money in her home}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=R50 000 offered for Dr Esther Mahlangu robbery suspect|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/mpumalanga/r50-000-offered-for-dr-esther-mahlangu-robbery-suspect-5d7afa0c-fa93-439f-989d-564424092c2e}}&lt;/ref&gt;E jidere onye a na-enyo enyo ma tinye ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo Eprel 20, 2022 maka akwụkwọ mgbapụta. A tọhapụrụ Accomplice na mgbapụta ma nwee ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe na Mee 10. Achọpụtaghị ozi ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Maromo|first=Jonisayi|date=April 9, 2022|title=Esther Mahlangu robbery suspect remanded|work=Pretoria News (South Africa)/Pretoria News Weekend (South Africa)|url=https://0-advance-lexis-com.library.scad.edu/document/?pdmfid=1516831&amp;crid=47e14bd3-c768-49db-8e44-b7b4bc5d3c5d&amp;pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A655X-SFR1-JCV0-212H-00000-00&amp;pdcontentcomponentid=312439&amp;pdteaserkey=sr0&amp;pditab=allpods&amp;ecomp=szznk&amp;earg=sr0&amp;prid=d558a728-1936-489d-aa5e-fb912005a7f7|accessdate=June 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
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    <title>Salina Kosgei</title>
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[[Usòrò:Salina Kosgei.jpg|thumb|Salina Kosgei]]
 

Kosgei meriri n'ọsọ mita 10,000 nke ụmụ nwanyị na afọ 2002 Commonwealth Games. Oge ya, 31:27.83, bụ ndekọ egwuregwu Commonwealth ọhụrụ (ka na-arụ ọrụ mgbe egwuregwu afọ 2010 gasịrị).

O sonyere na afọ 2003 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships na Vilamoura, Spain, mana ọ gwụbeghị karịa nke 41. Kosgei sonyeere Kenya na afọ 2008 Summer Olympics na marathon, na-emecha nke iri.

N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ meriri na afo 2009 Boston Marathon oge 2:32:16, nke abụọ n'ihu Dire Tune nke [[Ethiopia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bg_april2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/sports/other_sports/running/articles/2009/04/20/theyre_off_at_the_boston_marathon_1240214440/|title=Deriba Merga, Salina Kosgei win at Boston Marathon|author=Golen|first=Jimmy|date=April 20, 2009|work=The Boston Globe|accessdate=2009-04-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422015555/http://www.boston.com/sports/other_sports/running/articles/2009/04/20/theyre_off_at_the_boston_marathon_1240214440/|archivedate=April 22, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbalịrị ịgbachitere aha ya n'asọmpi nke afọ na-esote mana nsọpụrụ ahụ gara Teyba Erkesso ebe Kosgei mechara n'ọnọdụ nke atọ. O nwere agbụrụ marathon abụọ ọzọ na afọ 2009, na-abịa nke atọ na Grottazzolina Marathon na nke iri na ise na afo 2010 New York City Marathon. O nwetakwara mmeri na Florence Half Marathon.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tilastopaja.org/db/atw.php?ID=18264&amp;Season=2013&amp;Odd=0 Salina Kosgei]. Tilastopaja. Retrieved on 2013-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2011, ọ nọ n'elu iri na Lisbon Half Marathon, Portugal Half Marathon na Yokohama Women's Marathon. Ihe kacha mma ọ rụzuru n'afọ ahụ bụ ọsọ nke 2:32:06 awa maka nke ise na San Diego Marathon. O sonyeghị na asọmpi na 2012 ma pụta naanị ugboro abụọ na afọ 2013, na-abịa nke anọ na Stockholm Marathon ma merie Marathon des Alpes-Maritimes .&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/abdisa-sori-and-salina-jebet-kosgei-win-at-th Abdissa and Kosgei win at the Marathon des Alpes-Maritimes]. IAAF (2013-11-10). Retrieved on 2013-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ onye na-agba ọsọ Barnabas Kinyor. Ha nwere nwa nwoke na nwa nwanyị, Billy na Ruth, amụrụ na 1996 na afọ 2001, n'otu n'otu.

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==

=== Nnukwu asọmpi mba ụwa ===
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{KEN}}
|-
|1992
|[[1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] 
|[[Seoul]], [[South korea]]
| 8th
|800 m
|[[1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|2:13.48]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1994
|[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]
|33rd (h)
|800m
|[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|2:13.24]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 1994 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] 
|[[Vancouver]], Canada
| 5th
|800 m&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/stats_athletics/commonwealth/1994_w.asp 1994 Commonwealth Games Womens Results]&lt;/ref&gt;
|2:03,78
|-
|2002
|[[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] 
|[[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;| 1st
|10,000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10,000 metres|31:27.83]]
|-
|2003
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] 
|[[Paris]], France
| 19th
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics - Women's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]]
|32:09.15
|-
|2008
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] 
|[[Beijing]], China
| 10th
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|Marathon]]
|2:29:28
|}

=== Ịgba ọsọ n'okporo ụzọ ===
{|{{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
|2004
|[[Paris Marathon]] 
|[[Paris, France]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;| 1st
|Marathon
|2:24:32
|-
|rowspan=2|2005
|[[Prague International Marathon]] 
|[[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | 1st
|Marathon
|2:28:42
|-
|[[Virginia Beach Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon]] 
|[[Virginia Beach, VA]], United States
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot;| 2nd
|Half marathon
|&lt;ref&gt;IAAF website, September 5, 2005: [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=31987.html Kidane makes successful debut, while Mwangi sets course record - Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|[[Lisbon Half Marathon]]
|[[Lisbon, Portugal]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|Half marathon
|1:07:52
|-
|[[Singapore Marathon]] 
|[[Singapore]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | 1st
|Marathon
|2:31:55
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|[[Tokyo Marathon]] 
|[[Tokyo, Japan]]
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; | 2nd
|Marathon
|2:23:31
|-
|[[London Marathon]] 
|[[London, United Kingdom]]
|4th
|Marathon
|2:24:13
|-
|rowspan=2|2008
|[[Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon]] 
|[[Ras Al Khaimah]], [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | 1st
|Half marathon
|1:12:29
|-
|[[Lisbon Half Marathon]] 
|[[Lisbon, Portugal]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | 1st
|Half marathon
|1:09:57
|-
|2009
|[[Boston Marathon]] 
|[[Boston]], United States
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | 1st
|Marathon
|2:32:16
|}

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Salina Kosgei at World Athletics
* Salina Kosgei at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)
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'''Ferrari Elite Sheppard''' (amụrụ n'ubochí atọ n'ọnwa Machị, 1983) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe nkírí nke ógè a, nke a maara màkà ihe osise ya dị egwu, nke ngwakọta nke na-agwakọta figurativism na nka abstract.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ferrari Sheppard art|url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/ferrari-sheppard|publisher=[[Artsy (website)|Artsy]]|accessdate=September 11, 2020|date=September 11, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ewezuga ịbụ onye na-ese ihe, Sheppard bụ ónyé édémédé, ónyé na-ede foto, ónyé na'eme ihe ike na ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. Dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, Sheppard bụ ọkara nke ndị ọzọ hip hop duo Dec 99th, tinyere Mos Def.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yasiin Bey and Ferrari Sheppard Drop New Song &quot;Hymn&quot; as Dec. 99th|author=Leight|first=Elias|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/yasiin-bey-preaches-persistence-on-poignant-hymn-w432210|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=August 27, 2016|date=August 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Ferrari Sheppard na [[Chicago]]. Ọ nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Chicago. Sheppard gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Art Institute nke Chicago .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cerebral Women Art Talks Podcast|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ferrari-sheppard/id1496034243?i=1000488322200|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=August 16, 2020|date=September 11, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbè ọ hapụsịrị The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Sheppard were ogologo ógè site na nka ányá iji chụsoo ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ na mmepụta egwu.

Sheppard gbàrà ndị na-ese ihe dịka M.I.A., [[Erykah Badu]], Saul Williams, Earl Sweatshirt na Little Dragon ajụjụ ọnụ maka Stop Being Famous, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ o guzobere na 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxv6ebmDeDM|title=Introduction to Ferrari Sheppard and Stop Being Famous|publisher=[[RT (TV network)]]|accessdate=February 17, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nọvemba 2014, Sheppard pụtara na ihe ngosi njem nke [[Anthony Bourdain]] The Getaway n'akụkụ Yasiin Bey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tv.esquire.com/now/the-getaway/full-episode/morocco/366132803789|title=The Getaway: Yasiin Bey in Morocco – Esquire TV|publisher=[[Esquire Network]]|accessdate=November 26, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230220258/http://tv.esquire.com/now/the-getaway/full-episode/morocco/366132803789|archivedate=December 30, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha abụọ gàrà Marrakesh, Morocco.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.okayplayer.com/news/yasiin-bey-morocco-video-esquire-the-getaway.html|title=Yasiin Gives Esquire A Bey's-Eye View Of Morocco On 'The Getaway'|date=December 3, 2014|publisher=[[Okayplayer]]|accessdate=December 8, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na May na June 2016, Sheppard wepụtara egwu atọ dị ka ónyé na-emepụta maka ndị ọzọ hip hop duo Dec 99th na Yasiin Bey &quot;N.A.W&quot;, &quot;Tall Sleeves&quot; na &quot;Local Time&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;RollingStone&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hear Yasiin Bey's Brooding, Silky 'Local Time'|author=Reed|first=Ryan|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-yasiin-beys-brooding-silky-local-time-20160610|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=August 27, 2016|date=June 10, 2016|archivedate=August 18, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818002606/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-yasiin-beys-brooding-silky-local-time-20160610}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, Dec 99th wepụtara egwu nke anọ ha na Tidal nke akpọrọ &quot;Hymn&quot; ya na nkwupụta sitere n'aka ha abụọ, &quot;Mgbaghara nye ezinụlọ ndị e gburu egbu. Ọ kwụsịtụghị ịchụso nnwere onwe, &quot;ma eleghị anya na-ezo aka na igbu ọchụ ndị uwe ojii na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Complex&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yasiin Bey and Ferrari Sheppard Drop New Song &quot;Hymn&quot; as Dec 99th|author=Morris|first=Jessie|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2016/08/yasiin-bey-ferrari-sheppard-dec-99th-new-song-hymn|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|accessdate=August 27, 2016|date=August 1, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sheppard na Bey wepụtara abọm izizi ha a na-atụ anya ya nke ukwuu, nke akpọrọ onwe ya, Disemba 99 naanị na Tidal (ọrụ) na 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fader&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Listen To Yasiin Bey And Ferrari Sheppard's December 99th Album|author=DANDRIDGE-LEMCO|first=BEN|url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/12/21/yasiin-bey-mos-def-ferrari-sheppard-december-99th-album-stream|work=[[The Fader]]|accessdate=December 21, 2016|date=December 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, Sheppard laghachiri na nka anya, na-ekere òkè na ihe ngosi otu ma nwee ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na Septemba 12, 2020.

Ụlọ ọrụ nka Sheppard dị na Los Angeles, California.

== Ihe ngosi ==

* 2020: ''Black Voices Black Microcosm'', CF Hill Gallery, Stockholm, Sweden&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/ferrari-sheppard/art-exhibitions|title=Black Voices Black Microcosm {{!}} CF Hill Gallery|language=en-US|accessdate=April 8, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020: MoAD Benefit Auction, The Museum of the African Diaspora, San Francisco, California&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/artwork/ferrari-sheppard-kaya|title=MoAD Benefit Auction {{!}} The Museum of the African Diaspora|language=en-US|accessdate=April 24, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 2020: ''Heroines'' of Innocence (naanị), Wilding Cran Gallery, Los Angeles, California&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/artguide/wilding-cran-gallery-11993/heroines-of-innocence-185858|title=Heroines of Innocence {{!}} Wilding Cran Gallery|language=en-US|accessdate=April 24, 2020|archive-date=June 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624113703/https://www.artforum.com/artguide/wilding-cran-gallery-11993/heroines-of-innocence-185858|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://twitter.com/stopbeingfamous Ferrari Sheppard] na Twitter
* [https://www.instagram.com/ferrarisheppard Ferrari Sheppard] na Instagram

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheppard, Ferrari}}
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'''Gizdodo''' bụ nri dị ụtọ nke e ji anụ ọkụkọ na Dodo (plantain) mee, nke a bụ nri a na-eri n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ n'oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gizdodo Recipe {{!}} Shoprite Nigeria|url=https://www.shoprite.com.ng/recipes/all-recipes/gizdodo.html|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=www.shoprite.com.ng|archivedate=2016-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020022920/http://www.shoprite.com.ng/recipes/all-recipes/gizdodo.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eat Me: How To Make Gizdodo – The Whistler Newspaper|url=https://thewhistler.ng/eat-me-how-to-make-gizdodo/amp/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=thewhistler.ng|archive-date=2022-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617205023/https://thewhistler.ng/eat-me-how-to-make-gizdodo/amp/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
A na-eji plantain, gizzard nke ọkụkọ, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, Onion, bell pepper na rodo (habenero pepper) n'etiti ndị ọzọ eme ngwakọta ahụ. A pụkwara itinye carrot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-06-11|title=GL Recipe: Gizdodo and Zobo|url=https://guardian.ng/life/food/gl-recipe-gizdodo-and-zobo/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-06-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623163714/https://guardian.ng/life/food/gl-recipe-gizdodo-and-zobo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Onyeakagbu|first=Adaobi|date=2018-07-04|title=Try this simple gizzard and dodo recipe|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/gizdodo-try-this-simple-gizzard-and-dodo-recipe/yh669lq|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-esi plantain na gizzard n'otu n'otu na frypan, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-agbakwunye ha abụọ na ofe e ji ihe ndị fọdụrụ (yabasị a pịrị apị, ose a pịrị, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, Maggi cubes, nnu wdg.Ọ dị iche iche Enwere ike inye Gizdodo naanị ya, rie ya na [[Oskàpà|osikapa]] ma ọ bụ spaghetti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=for #OunjeAladun|first=Omolabake|date=2020-10-01|title=Plantain Gizzard Kebab|url=https://ounjealadun.com/2020/10/01/plantain-gizzard-kebab/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=Ounje Aladun|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lete|first=Nky Lily|date=2013-08-11|title=Dodo Gizzard / Gizdodo Recipe (Gizzards and Plantains)|url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/dodo-gizzard-nigerian-gizdodo-gizzards/|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=Nigerian Food TV|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Nri Naịjirịa

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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'''Elijah Mckenzie-Jackson''' (amụrụ na 28 Disemba 2003) bụ onye mba Britain na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi ihu igwe, nke bi na New York City, nke a maara maka ikwu okwu gbasara nnwere onwe anụmanụ na ikike ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-26|title=We meet... Elijah Mckenzie-Jackson|url=https://envisionvirginracing.com/envision-virgin-racing-meets-elijah-mckenzie-jackson/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Envision Virgin Racing|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914135650/https://envisionvirginracing.com/envision-virgin-racing-meets-elijah-mckenzie-jackson/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT 2020-03-29&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=2019-09-20|title=Meet 8 Youth Protest Leaders|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/climate/climate-strikes-protests.html|accessdate=2020-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspirational Youth Activists Leading Us to a Bright Future|url=https://www.kidzworld.com/article/31683-inspirational-youth-activists-leading-us-to-a-bright-future|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=Kidzworld|language=en|archivedate=2020-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406132625/https://www.kidzworld.com/article/31683-inspirational-youth-activists-leading-us-to-a-bright-future}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson bụ onye guzobere na Waic Up, onye na-ahazi Youth Strike for Climate, [[Extinction Rebellion]] Youth, ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya United Nations Togetherband.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-12|title=Exclusive – Jerome Foster and Elijah McKenzie-Jackson talk intersectional activism|url=https://thred.com/exclusives/exclusive-jerome-foster-and-elijah-mckenzie-jackson-talk-intersectional-activism/|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=Thred Website|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Youthquake 2022: The Activists Shaking Up The World|url=https://togetherband.org/blogs/news/togetherband-young-activists-film|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=#TOGETHERBAND|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-ahazi Friday for Future UK; na-eme ngagharị iwe ihu igwe kwa izu kemgbe Febụwarị 2019.
[[Category:Biography with signature]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
McKenzie-Jackson haziri ngagharị iwe ihu igwe gafee Europe na South America ma kwuo okwu na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], House of Lords, [citation needed] Nzukọ Ndị omeiwu EU, n'èzí Nzukọ G7&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dazed|date=2021-06-16|title=How protesters defied the G7 summit with a weekend of civil disobedience|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/53210/1/how-protesters-defied-the-g7-summit-with-a-weekend-of-civil-disobedience|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Dazed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na n'ime Amazon Rainforest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-10-17|title=50 jonge activisten uit 7 landen hebben eerste burgeractie ooit ondernomen in Europees Parlement|url=https://www.dewereldmorgen.be/artikel/2019/10/17/50-jonge-activisten-uit-7-landen-hebben-eerste-burgeractie-ooit-ondernomen-in-europees-parlement/|accessdate=2020-03-29|work=DeWereldMorgen.be|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-03|title=Climate strikers: Open letter to EU leaders on why their new climate law is 'surrender'|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-strikers-open-letter-to-eu-leaders-on-why-their-new-climate-law-is-surrender|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Carbon Brief|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-01|title=Pierre Larrouturou: «On peut financer la relance sans argent des Etats»|url=https://www.lesoir.be/304339/article/2020-06-01/pierre-larrouturou-peut-financer-la-relance-sans-argent-des-etats|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Le Soir|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-03|title=Climate strikers: Open letter to EU leaders on why their new climate law is 'surrender'|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-strikers-open-letter-to-eu-leaders-on-why-their-new-climate-law-is-surrender|accessdate=2020-03-29|work=Carbon Brief|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=authors|first=Various|date=2020-06-02|title=European Call: 3 solutions for climate and jobs|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/opinion/european-call-3-solutions-for-climate-and-jobs/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=www.euractiv.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oliveira|first=Joana|date=2019-12-01|title=En la selva con la 'generación Greta'|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2019/11/24/actualidad/1574625811_669555.html|accessdate=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwetara nkwado mba ụwa mgbe ọ sonyere n'omume nnupụisi obodo n'èzí ọdụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-04-19|title=Teenage climate-change protesters threatened with arrest in video of Heathrow action|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/extinction-rebellion-climate-change-protest-heathrow-video-northern-runway-airport-a8877841.html|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụgbọ elu Heathrow megide ikuku ụgbọ elu.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Mckenzie-Jackson amụrụ na Walthamthow, [[London]], ya na nne nne ya, Jean Young, bi, onye sonyeere McKenzie-Jack sonyeere na [[ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi]] ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Know how to flex on Insta?': grandchildren and grandparents explain the world to each other {{!}} Family {{!}} The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/sep/04/know-how-to-flex-on-insta-grandchildren-and-grandparents-explain-the-world-to-each-other|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=amp.theguardian.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson tolitere dị ka onye na-eri akwụkwọ nri n'ihi ọdịmma anụmanụ, mgbe m dị afọ iri na anọ, agafeela m na veganism, nke nyeere m aka ịghọta ihe mere o ji bụrụ mgbanwe onwe onye mgbe m na-alụso nsogbu ihu igwe ọgụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Carnegie|first=Megan|title=Gen Z: How young people are changing activism|url=https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20220803-gen-z-how-young-people-are-changing-activism|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=www.bbc.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ịbụ onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe mbụ ọ nụrụ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, Woodbridge Highschool, site na ime nnyocha na ikiri ihe ngosi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title='Know how to flex on Insta?': grandchildren and grandparents explain the world to each other {{!}} Family {{!}} The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/sep/04/know-how-to-flex-on-insta-grandchildren-and-grandparents-explain-the-world-to-each-other|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=amp.theguardian.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Amụtara m obere ihe banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Amalitere m ikiri ihe ngosi, na-eme nchọpụta nke m, enwere m nkụda mmụọ. Amaghị m ihe mere na ọ dịghị ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme ihe&quot; - Elijah McKenzie-Jackson, The Guardian.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;McKenzie-Jackson were otu afọ ezumike n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ugbu a na-eme atụmatụ ịkwaga New York City iji mụọ Fine Art na Sociology malite n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;/&gt;

== Ịgba mbọ ==
A maara McKenzie-Jackson n'ụwa niile maka ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na School Strike for Climate movement.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Millions Of Young People Around The World Are Leading Strikes To Call Attention To The Climate Crisis|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/zahrahirji/climate-strike-greta-thunberg-fridays-for-future|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=BuzzFeed News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Street|first=Nathan|title=School striker for climate: join the Trump demo|url=https://www.counterfire.org/interview/20358-school-striker-for-climate-join-the-trump-demo|accessdate=2020-03-29|work=Counterfire|language=en-gb|archivedate=2020-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329145220/https://www.counterfire.org/interview/20358-school-striker-for-climate-join-the-trump-demo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-02-14|title=Finding Love in the Apocalypse|url=https://atmos.earth/climate-activists-dating-couples-valentines-day/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Atmos|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson bụ onye nnọchi anya United Nations Togetherband maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ịrị na atọ na nke ịrị na anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ ndị ntorobịa maka Resilience Project&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our team|url=https://www.theresilienceproject.org.uk/our-team|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=The Resilience Project|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426120657/https://www.theresilienceproject.org.uk/our-team}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Surfers Against Sewage.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Youth Ocean &amp; Climate Summit|url=https://www.sas.org.uk/youthoceanclimatesummit/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Youth Ocean &amp; Climate Summit|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323024443/https://www.sas.org.uk/youthoceanclimatesummit/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi na UK Student Climate Network&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-23|title=Elijah McKenzie-Jackson: My frustrations turned into action [Climate Generation Talks-10]|url=https://yesilgazete.org/elijah-mckenzie-jackson-my-frustrations-turned-into-action-climate-generation-talks-10/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Yeşil Gazete|language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye nhazi na Stop Trump Coalition.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=School striker for climate: join the Trump demo|url=https://www.counterfire.org/interview/20358-school-striker-for-climate-join-the-trump-demo|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Counterfire|language=en-gb|archivedate=2022-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321202147/https://www.counterfire.org/interview/20358-school-striker-for-climate-join-the-trump-demo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-31|title=Donald Trump's UK visit 'likely to be costliest ever diplomatic trip'|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/donald-trump-uk-state-visit-trip-cost-british-taxpayer-scotland-yard-security-297465|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=inews.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọgbaghara ihu igwe na Europe ===
[[Usòrò:Elijah_McKenzie-Jackson-_Liar_Liar_Earth_On_Fire.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Elijah_McKenzie-Jackson-_Liar_Liar_Earth_On_Fire.jpg/300px-Elijah_McKenzie-Jackson-_Liar_Liar_Earth_On_Fire.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ihe ịrịba ama nke Elijah McKenzie-Jackson ji mee ihe]]
McKenzie-Jackson malitere ime ngagharị iwe ihu igwe na Febụwarị 15th 2019 na Parliament Square, London. N'ọnwa Eprel 2019 McKenzie- Jackson mere ngagharị iwe n'èzí ọdụ ụgbọ elu Heathrow na mgbalị ịkwụsị ụzọ ụgbọ elu nke atọ nke ọdụ&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2020-03-29&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-04-19|title=Teenage climate-change protesters threatened with arrest in video of Heathrow action|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/extinction-rebellion-climate-change-protest-heathrow-video-northern-runway-airport-a8877841.html|accessdate=2020-03-29|work=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụgbọ elu Heathrow. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ngagharị iwe ihu igwe dị ka akụkụ nke Greta Thunberg's School strike for climate movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;I Don't Want To Die&quot; – Schools Are Traumatizing Kids With Greta's Climate Apocalypse|url=https://www.thenewamerican.com/tech/environment/item/34399-i-don-t-want-to-die-schools-are-traumatizing-kids-with-greta-s-climate-apocalypse|accessdate=2020-03-30|work=www.thenewamerican.com|date=December 21, 2019|language=en-gb|archivedate=2020-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518095212/https://www.thenewamerican.com/tech/environment/item/34399-i-don-t-want-to-die-schools-are-traumatizing-kids-with-greta-s-climate-apocalypse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụbọchị nke ịrị abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba, 2019, n'akụkụ UK Student Climate Network, o jisiri ike mebie ndekọ mba England maka nnukwu ngagharị iwe gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe karịrị otu narị puku ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe bịara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-09-20|title='Enough is enough': biggest-ever climate protest sweeps UK|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/20/enough-biggest-ever-climate-protest-uk|accessdate=2022-04-14|work=the Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Feder|first=Zahra Hirji, Matthew Champion, Azeen Ghorayshi, J. Lester|title=Millions Of Young People Around The World Are Leading Strikes To Call Attention To The Climate Crisis|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/zahrahirji/climate-strike-greta-thunberg-fridays-for-future|accessdate=2022-04-14|work=BuzzFeed News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara Elijah n'ụwa niile maka ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na School Strike for Climate movement mana malite na Machị nke 2020 n'ihi ịrị elu nke ọrịa COVID-19, McKenzie-Jackson malitere itinye ọgbaghara ihu igwe kwa izu n'ịntanetị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-13|title=Greta takes climate strikes online in response to virus outbreak|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/greta-thunberg-climate-strike-online-coronavirus-a4386691.html|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=Evening Standard|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Klimaatstakers gaan door, maar dan wel online|url=https://www.metronieuws.nl/in-het-nieuws/2020/04/klimaatstakers-gaan-door-maar-dan-wel-online|accessdate=2020-04-04|work=Metronieuws.nl|date=April 3, 2020|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gilliver|first=Liam|title=Greta Thunberg's Climate Strike Campaign Goes Digital Amid Coronavirus Pandemic|url=https://www.plantbasednews.org/news/greta-thunberg-climate-strike-digital-amid-coronavirus|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=Vegan News, Plant Based Living, Food, Health &amp; more|date=March 14, 2020|language=en|archivedate=2020-04-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424041034/https://www.plantbasednews.org/news/greta-thunberg-climate-strike-digital-amid-coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-13|title=Greta Thunberg calls for #DigitalStrike amid coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2020/03/13/greta-thunberg-calls-for-digitalstrike-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=Energy Live News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-15|title=Climate activists expect more 'concrete' actions from world leaders|url=https://nation.com.pk/15-Jun-2021/climate-activists-expect-more-concrete-actions-from-world-leaders|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=The Nation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Njem gaa n'oké ọhịa Amazon nke Brazil ===
N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, McKenzie-Jackson gara njem nlegharị anya n'ime oké ọhịa Amazon, ebe ọ mụtara banyere ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi ma zute ndị ọrụ a ma ama dị ka Pussy Riots na Chief Raoni iji kwurịta banyere nchekwa ọdịnihu nke oké ọhịa Amazon.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Guardian 2019-11-15&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=2019-11-15|title=Activists hold climate conference deep in the Amazon rainforest|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/15/a-journey-to-the-centre-of-the-amazon-in-radical-bid-to-solve-climate-crisis|accessdate=2020-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=2019-11-17|title=The Amazon: on the frontline of a global battle to tackle the climate crisis|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/17/amazon-rain-forest-protest-climate-crisis|accessdate=2020-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson jikọtara ya na onye na-eme ihe ike Anita Juruna, onye isi ụmụ amaala Brazil dị afọ iri na asatọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Guardian 2019-11-15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oliveira|first=Joana|date=2019-12-02|title=Reportaje {{!}} En la selva con la 'generación Greta'|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2019/11/24/actualidad/1574625811_669555.html|accessdate=2020-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iwe agụụ megide West Cumbria coal mine ===
McKenzie-Jackson na Febụwarị 2020, gara n'ihu n'ụra n'ihi na gọọmentị UK na West Cumbria chepụtara ebe mbụ a na-egwupụta coal n'ime afọ iri atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-04|title=Elijah McKenzie-Jackson, 16, who began his starvation strike exterior the Homes of Parliament on Monday... desires to cease coal manufacturing on the Woodhouse Colliery in Whitehaven, Cumbria. : worldnews|url=https://www.netuter.com/elijah-mckenzie-jackson-16-who-started-his-hunger-strike-outside-the-houses-of-parliament-on-monday-wants-to-stop-coal-production-at-the-woodhouse-colliery-in-whitehaven-cumbria-worldnews/|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=NetUter|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Owen|first=Brodie|date=2020-10-02|title=Britain to build first new deep coal mine in 30 years|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/britain-to-build-first-new-deep-coal-mine-in-30-years-1.1087243|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=The National|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-11|title=Teenagers Launch Hunger Strikes Against UK Coal Mines|url=http://shingetsunewsagency.com/2020/02/11/teenagers-launch-hunger-strikes-against-uk-coal-mines/|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=SNA Japan|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson chepụtara ahịrịokwu ahụ, &quot;anaghị eri ruo mgbe a ga-ewepụ ebe a na-egwupụta coal ọhụrụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-01-30|title=Schoolboy on climate hunger strike 'won't eat until new coal mine is scrapped'|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/01/30/schoolboy-climate-hunger-strike-wont-eat-new-coal-mine-scrapped-12153307/|accessdate=2020-03-29|work=Metro|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kwụsịrị ọgbaghara agụụ ya n'ụbọchị nke ịrị mgbe a kpọrọ ya ka ọ banye n'ụlọ omebe iwu UK ka ọ gwa ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okwu banyere ebe a na-egwu coal na West Cumbria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teenage climate activists in week two of hunger strike over new Cumbria coal mine|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/teenage-climate-activists-week-two-173200431.html|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=uk.news.yahoo.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-04|title=Elijah McKenzie-Jackson, 16, who started his hunger strike outside the Houses of Parliament on Monday... wants to stop coal production at the Woodhouse Colliery in Whitehaven, Cumbria. : worldnews|url=http://www.thefoundnews.com/world/elijah-mckenzie-jackson-16-who-started-his-hunger-strike-outside-the-houses-of-parliament-on-monday-wants-to-stop-coal-production-at-the-woodhouse-colliery-in-whitehaven-cumbria-worldnews/|accessdate=2020-04-01|work=The Found News|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329160735/http://www.thefoundnews.com/world/elijah-mckenzie-jackson-16-who-started-his-hunger-strike-outside-the-houses-of-parliament-on-monday-wants-to-stop-coal-production-at-the-woodhouse-colliery-in-whitehaven-cumbria-worldnews/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='It's a Huge Step Backwards': Teenagers Hunger Striking to Stop the UK's Newest Coal Mine|url=https://www.desmog.co.uk/2020/02/12/it-s-huge-step-backwards-teenagers-hunger-striking-stop-uk-s-newest-coal-mine|accessdate=2020-03-29|work=DeSmog UK|date=February 12, 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụnwụ nri ụbọchị iri nke McKenzie-Jackson kpalitere omume na ngagharị iwe megide ọrụ ahụ a tụrụ aro ya na Whitehaven.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Extinction Rebellion protest against west Cumbrian coal mine|url=https://www.itv.com/news/border/2020-02-13/planned-protests-against-whitehaven-coal-mine/|accessdate=2020-03-29|work=ITV News|date=February 13, 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson mgbe ahụ, otu afọ ka e mesịrị na 2021 malitere ọgba ọsọ agụụ nke abụọ ya nke ụbọchị iri, ebe ọ chịkọtara mbinye aka dị otu narị puku na puku iri na otu na narị anọ na ịrị asaa na iae na mkpesa na mmekorita ya na Coal Action Network iji mee ka Robert Jenrick kpebie banyere West Cumbria coal mine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teenage climate activists in week two of hunger strike over new Cumbria coal mine|url=https://news.sky.com/story/teenage-climate-activists-in-week-two-of-hunger-strike-over-new-cumbria-coal-mine-12191848|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Sky News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Teenage climate protesters staging hunger strike over plan for new UK coal mine|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/coal-mine-cumbria-hunger-strike-students-b1788067.html|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-08|title=&quot;Nothing neutral in new coal&quot; - youth activists pressure government to stop coking coal mine|url=https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2021/02/08/youthpetition/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Coal Action Network|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914140254/https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2021/02/08/youthpetition/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coal Action Network x Elijah McKenzie-Jackson|url=https://www.coalaction.org.uk/page/6/?p=nmwxfforhrtrl|accessdate=2022-03-22|work=Coal Action Network}}&lt;/ref&gt; McKenzie-Jackson mechara nyefee akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ n'aka Gọọmentị UK&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-08|title=Teen climate activists deliver petition to government over Cumbria coal mine|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/cumbria-coal-mine-climate-petition-b1799432.html|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke mechara mee ka a kpọọ ebe a na-egwupụta coal na West Cumbria n'ụzọ gara nke ọma n'ime ụlọ omebe iwu UK maka nyocha ọha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=6 Ways the UK Is Already Breaking Its Climate Promises in 2021|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/uk-breaking-climate-promises-cop26-2021/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Global Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Young activists fight Cumbrian mine|url=https://theecologist.org/2021/feb/26/young-activists-fight-cumbrian-mine|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=theecologist.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-08|title=Young climate activists add to calls to halt planned Cumbria coal mine|url=https://www.itv.com/news/border/2021-02-08/young-climate-activists-add-to-calls-on-govt-to-halt-planned-coal-mine|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=ITV News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ahụike uche ===
McKenzie-Jackson ekwuola maka nchọpụta ahụike ya nke ịda mbà n'obi n'ihi iru uju ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=alannah-francis|date=2021-09-14|title=60% of young people are 'very worried' about climate change crisis, survey reveals|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/climate-change-crisis-global-warming-young-people-worried-1199034|accessdate=2021-09-15|work=inews.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'agbanyehi na COP26 ga-ezụkọ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, agaghị m ekwu na enwere obi ụtọ maka ya n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe na-akụda mmụọ na a na-amanye ndị na-eto eto ịhazi ma na-agba mbọ maka ọdịnihu. Agbanyeghị, m ga-ekwu na enwere m mmasị ịhụ ezigbo mgbanwe na omume site n'aka ndị a na-akpọ ndị isi anyị. Ọ na-amasị ịhụ ihe omume n'ezie, na-agbaso sayensị, mgbe ị na-emeso mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ka nsogbu ọ bụ n'ezie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-26|title=We meet... Elijah Mckenzie-Jackson|url=https://envision-racing.com/envision-virgin-racing-meets-elijah-mckenzie-jackson/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Envision Racing|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Nnyocha COP27 gbasara ikike LGBTQ+ ===
N'ọnwa Julaị nke afọ 2022, McKenzie-Jackson na onye mmekọ ya, Jerome Foster II, so dee akwụkwọ ozi nye [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|UNFCCC]] ka ha kpọọ United Nations ka ha kwalite nzukọ ihu igwe COP27 n'ihi &quot;mmekpa ahụ LGBTQ +, igbu ụmụ nwanyị, na mgbochi ikike obodo&quot; nke Egypt ka ọ na-ekwu mgbe ha malitere ileba anya na nhazi nke ịga [[Sharma el-Sheikh|Sharm El-Sheikh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-07-15|title=UN urged to move Cop27 from Egypt over 'LGBTQ+ torture'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jul/15/un-cop27-egypt-lgbtq-climate-crisis|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=the Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-03|title=The Dangers of a COP27 in Egypt|url=https://atmos.earth/cop27-egypt-human-rights-climate-justice/|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=Atmos|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka McKenzie-Jackson bụ onye na-ahụ maka nwoke na nwanyị n'ihu ọha, ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ya &quot;nwere ike ịbụ ndị a lekwasịrị anya&quot; dị ka Guardian News si kwuo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-02-14|title=Finding Love in the Apocalypse|url=https://atmos.earth/climate-activists-dating-couples-valentines-day/|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=Atmos|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;   

Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, nke e zigara odeakwụkwọ ukwu UNFCCC, Patricia Espinosa, bụ nke ndị na-eme ihe ike a ma ama dị ka Nadya Tolokonnikova, Ahmed Alaa, na Eric Njuguna bịanyere aka na ya.  Di na nwunye ahụ na-akpọ UNFCCC na-adịghị eme ihe aghụghọ nke obodo na ịkpa ókè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-11|title=COP27 in Egypt Subjects LGBTQIA+ Climate Activists to Human Rights Abuses|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/cop27-egypt-human-rights.html|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=EcoWatch|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  McKenzie-Jackson kwusiri ike na, enwere nhọrọ ka mma nke mba ndị dị n'Africa nke ka ga-agụnye olu ndị Africa. Ndị mmadụ ekwesịghị ịbụ nri maka mgbanwe ihu igwe. Cop27 ga-akụ afọ n'ala ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eme n'Ijipt n'ihi na a ga-ahapụ olu nkatọ. 

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''&quot;Whose future? OUR FUTURE&quot;'' Ndekọ akụkọ, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Short Documentary &quot;Whose Future? Our Future!&quot;|url=https://the-dots.com/projects/short-documentary-whose-future-our-future-392409|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=The Dots|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426120654/https://the-dots.com/projects/short-documentary-whose-future-our-future-392409}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Conscientious Protectors: A Story of Rebellion Against Extinction&quot; Ndekọ akụkọ, 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-07-20|title=Conscientious Protectors: A Story of Rebellion Against Extinction review – XR and the art of protest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jul/20/conscientious-protectors-a-story-of-rebellion-against-extinction-review-xr-and-the-art-of-protest|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=the Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* &quot;A Bigger Picture&quot; nke [[Vanessa Nakate]]; Biography, 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Nakate|first=Vanessa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDAXEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22elijah+mckenzie-jackson%22&amp;pg=PA190|title=A Bigger Picture: My Fight to Bring a New African Voice to the Climate Crisis|date=2021-11-02|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-358-65450-6|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;The Nature of Change&quot; site n'aka njikọ nke ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe; Biography, 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Nature of Change|url=https://www.crowdfunder.co.uk/p/the-nature-of-change-book|accessdate=2022-08-12|work=Crowdfunder UK|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
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[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2003]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mckenzie-Jackson, Elijah}}
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[[Mali|Malian Solidarity Bank Bank]]  ([[Mali|French]]: La Banque malienne de solidarité ma ọ bụ BMS-SA) bụ '''ụlọ''' ọrụ Mali nke e guzobere na 2002 site na atụmatụ nke Onye isi ala Alpha Oumar Konaré . Ụlọ akụ a na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze, nke dabeere na ihe nlereanya Tunisia, nwere mgba megide ịda ogbenye na enweghị ọrụ dị ka ebumnuche ya bụ isi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Banks Operating in Mali|url=https://ml.usembassy.gov/embassy/bamako/sections-offices/banks-operating-in-mali/|work=U.S. Embassy in Mali|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-09|archive-date=2020-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711132929/https://ml.usembassy.gov/embassy/bamako/sections-offices/banks-operating-in-mali/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ akụ ụlọ, nke tọrọ ntọala na 1996,[1] nwere ọrụ gụnyere ego, nhazi, na nkwado maka obere azụmahịa ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ onwe ha, karịsịa ndị sitere na otu ndị nwere nsogbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FGHM sa – UN PARTENAIRE PRIVILEGIE POUR L'ACCES AU FINANCEMENT BANCAIRE|url=http://www.fghm-sa.com/|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ Ụlọ akụ ahụ na-enye mbinye ego n'ọnọdụ dị mma, na-arịọ maka obere nkwekọrịta na omuru nwa dị ala karịa ụlọ akụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ụlọ akụ na-echekwa ego.

Na Nọvemba 2021, Lanfia Coulibaly nọchiri Alioune Coulibaly n'isi nke Bank Solidarity nke Malian. 

Na 2004, ụlọ akụ ahụ nwere alaka asaa na Mali, yana isi obodo nke ijeri anọ Central African Francs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tvaiStd9g5kC&amp;q=Banque+de+l'Habitat+du+Mali&amp;pg=PA2003-IA26|title=Mali: Statistical Appendix|date=2006-03-06|publisher=International Monetary Fund|isbn=978-1-4518-8462-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ụlọ akụ ahụ nwere alaka ụlọ ọrụ na Bamako, Segou, Kayes, Koulikoro, Kidal, Mopti, na Sikasso.

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Ephraim Akpata</title>
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'''Ephraim Omorose Ibukun Akpata''' (15 Eprel 1927 - 8 Jenụwarị 2000) bụ onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naijiria na onye isi oche mbụ nke Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) nke Naijeria, nke na-ahụ maka ntuli aka 1998/1999 nke weghachiri ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Mee 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;opara&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200906020075.html|title=INEC 10 Years After – an Appraisal|work=Daily Champion|author=Jude Opara|date=2 June 2009|accessdate=13 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
A mụrụ Ephraim Akpata na 1927 na Edo State. Ọ gara [[King's College, Lagos|King's College]], Lagos wee gaa n'ihu na-amụ iwu. N'akwụkwọ ya 888 Days in Biafra, Samuel Enadeghe Umweni chetara otu onye ọka iwu Akpata si mee njem dị ize ndụ ugboro abụọ gafee ndị agha agha agha iji leta ya mgbe ndị agha Biafra na-agbapụ n'oge [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]] (1967-1970).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pqAuAQAAIAAJ|title=888 Days in Biafra|author=Samuel Enadeghe Umweni|publisher=iUniverse|year=2007|pages=28–29|isbn=0-595-42594-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Akpata ghọrọ onye ọka ikpe nke ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu, ọ lara ezumike nká na 1993 mgbe ọ dị afọ 65.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120498.html|title=Stability at NCC|work=Vanguard|date=12 September 2008|accessdate=14 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi INEC na 1998 mgbe nchịkwa nke General [[Abdulsalami Abubakar|Abdulsalam Abubakar]] guzobere INEC iji hazie ntuli aka nke dugara na Republic nke anọ nke Naijiria na 29 Mee 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;self&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://inecnigeria.org/index.php?cateid=9&amp;contid=6|title=INEC History|publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission|accessdate=13 February 2010|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309104547/http://inecnigeria.org/index.php?cateid=9|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị nke òtù ==
Iji zere nkewa agbụrụ, Akpata kwuru na ọ bụ naanị ndị otu nwere nkwado mba zuru oke ka a ga-ekwe ka ha sọọ mpi na ntuli aka ahụ. O kpebiri na òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ga-emeri oche ntuli aka gọọmentị ime obodo na ọ dịkarịa ala steeti iri iji ruo eru maka gọvanọ, nzukọ steeti, nzukọ mba na ntuli aka onye isi ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The politics and policies of Sub-Saharan Africa|author=Robert A. Dibie|publisher=University Press of America|year=2001|isbn=0-7618-2094-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'ime òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iri abụọ na isii, o nyere ndebanye aha nwa oge dị ka òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ntuli aka 1998/1999 na naanị itoolu, naanị òtù atọ mechara ruo eruo ịsọ mpi na ntuli aka steeti na nke mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;opara&quot;/&gt;
Nke a mere ka e guzobe njikọ nke obere njikọ, dị ka Group of 34 nke guzobere People's Democratic Party (PDP) ọhụrụ.

Njikọ ga-aghọ ezigbo òtù. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1999, Akpata kwuru na njikọ aka a mara ọkwa n'etiti Alliance for Democracy (AD) na All People's Party (APP) &quot;dị ka ọ na-emebi iwu INEC&quot;. O kwuru na ndị otu abụọ ahụ chọrọ &quot;inweta uru nke njikọta n'enweghị otu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://idh.cidi.org:8080/humanitarian/irin/wafrica/99a/0003.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20110725171735/http://idh.cidi.org:8080/humanitarian/irin/wafrica/99a/0003.html|archivedate=25 July 2011|title=Weekly Round-Up – IRINWA-04: 29-Jan-99|publisher=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|accessdate=14 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Akpata katọrọ usoro nke PDP họọrọ ndị ọ ga-eji họpụta, na-ekwu na ọ dabara &quot;n'okpuru ọkwa nke ngosipụta a tụrụ anya ya site na usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/life_style/article01//indexn2_html?pdate=011108&amp;ptitle=PDP|date=1 November 2008|title=PDP at 10: Ruling Party As A Nation's Albatross|author=Godwin Ijediogor|work=The Guardian|accessdate=14 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhọrọ ==
INEC mere usoro ntuli aka. E mere ntuli aka gọọmentị ime obodo na Disemba 1998, na PDP meriri 59%, APP 25.8% na AD 13.2% nke oche.
E mere ntuli aka maka Gọvanọ na Jenụwarị 1999, na PDP meriri 19 n'ime steeti 35, APP meriri steeti 9 na AD meriri steet 6. Nhọrọ ahụ dị n'usoro na udo, Akpata kwuru na ha nweere onwe ha ma mee ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi.
E mere ntuli aka maka House of Representatives na Senate na Febụwarị 1999. Na Senate, PDP meriri oche 59, APP 29 na AD 20. N'ime ụlọ ahụ, PDP meriri oche 206, APP 74 na AD 68. A na-egbu oge ntuli aka n'ihi ihe nchekwa na Akwa Ibom, Delta, Nasarawa na Rivers steeti. Akpata gwara otu nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi n'ozuzu ya, e nweela ụfọdụ ntuli aka na-ezighị ezi.
Na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 27 Febụwarị 1999, AD na APP gosipụtara onye otu, Chief Olu Falae, onye onye onye otu PDP, onye bụbu General na onye ọchịchị ndị agha [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] meriri. Obasanjo nwetara 63% nke votu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54727763.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103030150/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54727763.html|archivedate=3 November 2012|publisher=Jet|title=Former Military Ruler Olusegun Obasanjo Elected President of Nigeria; He Becomes First Elected President in 15 Years.|date=15 March 1999|accessdate=14 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akpata nabatara ndị na-enyocha ntuli aka mba ọzọ site na Carter Center nke dị na US na National Democratic Institute, ma kwado arịrịọ ha iji zụọ ọtụtụ puku ndị na-ekiri obodo. Akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị otu a na ntuli aka ndị gara aga dị mma n'ozuzu ha, ọ bụ ezie na ha kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala na ụfọdụ ihe na-ezighị ezi. Akụkọ banyere ntuli aka ndị ọzọ dị oke egwu, na-akọwa mmebi iwu gụnyere nloghachi vootu, itinye igbe ntuli aka, nsonaazụ gbanwere, na enweghị ikike nke ndị na-eme ntụli aka.
Mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, onye bụbu onye isi ala US Jimmy Carter zigaara Akapata akwụkwọ ozi nke kwuru na &quot;E nwere nnukwu ọdịiche n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme ntụli aka a hụrụ na N'ụzọ dị mwute, ya mere, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka anyị kpebie ikpe ziri ezi banyere nsonaazụ ntuli aka onye isi ala. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/1152.pdf|title=OBSERVING THE 1998–99 NIGERIA ELECTIONS|publisher=Carter Center, NDI|date=Summer 1999|accessdate=14 February 2010|archivedate=12 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412084621/http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/1152.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Olu Falae mechara kwuo na ntuli aka ahụ bụ nke a na-eduhie eduhie maka PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201001133414093|work=The Punch|title=INEC: In search of a true umpire|author=GBENGA ADENIJI|date=13 January 2010|accessdate=14 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114190242/http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201001133414093|archivedate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Justice Ephraim Akpata nwụrụ na 8 Jenụwarị 2000 mgbe ọ dị afọ 72.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200101090141.html|title=Edo Politicians Mark First Year Anniversary of Akpata's Death|date=9 January 2001|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=14 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* {{Cite book|title=Justice for all and by all|author=Ephraim Akpata|publisher=B &amp; C Publishers|year=1994|isbn=978-32981-0-0}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Nigerian arbitration law in focus|author=Ephraim Akpata|publisher=West African Book Publishers|year=1997|isbn=978-153-044-8}}

== Ihe odide ==
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'''Danièle Obono''' (   [danjɛl snýno]; amụrụ na 12 Julaị 1980)&lt;ref name=&quot;na&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA721960|language=fr|title=Mme Danièle Obono|publisher=French National Assembly|accessdate=1 September 2020}}
[[Òtù:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Gabonese-French nke nọchitere anya [[Paris]]'s_17th_constituency&quot; id=&quot;mwEQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Paris's 17th constituency&quot;&gt;Mpaghara nke iri na asaa nke Paris na National Assembly kemgbe 2017.  Onye otu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Législatives à Paris : Danièle Obono élue dès le premier tour dans la 17ème circonscription|url=https://actu.fr/ile-de-france/paris_75056/legislatives-a-paris-daniele-obono-elue-des-le-premier-tour-dans-la-17eme-circonscription_51622915.html|accessdate=2022-06-13|work=actu.fr|date=12 June 2022|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[France]] Insoumise (FI), A họpụtara ya ọzọ na agba nke mbụ nke ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2022.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Obono na 12 Julaị 1980 na Libreville, Gabon&lt;ref name=&quot;na&quot; /&gt; n'ezinụlọ a ma ama na [[Gabon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;godeau17&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/07/09/daniele-obono-vivre-la-france_1582687|language=fr|title=Danièle Obono, viv(r)e la France|work=Libération|first=Elise|author=Godeau|date=9 July 2017|accessdate=1 September 2020}}
[[Òtù:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fafricapostnews.com%2F2017%2F06%2F20%2Fportrait-de-9-deputes-francais-issus-de-limmigration-africaine%2F|language=fr|title=Danièle Obono, la seule &quot;insoumise&quot; élue députée à Paris|publisher=Africa Post News|date=20 June 2017|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/ga.html#1998_Presidential_Election|title=Elections in Gabon|publisher=African Elections Database|accessdate=1 September 2020|archivedate=13 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913155913/http://africanelections.tripod.com/ga.html#1998_Presidential_Election}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ nwa nwanyị nke Hortense Simbou Mbadinga, odeakwụkwọ na Air Gabon; na Martin Edzodzomo-Ela, onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba bụ onye isi na Ụlọ akụ Paribas-Gabon site na 1975 ruo 1979 tupu a chụpụ ya maka mmegide ya na ọchịchị Omar Bongo, [1] onye bụkwa onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke Gabon na 1998. [2]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://data.bnf.fr/12350837/martin_edzodzomo-ela/|language=fr|title=Martin Edzodzomo-Ela|publisher=BNF|year=2020|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;godeau17&quot; /&gt; biri na Gabon ruo mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ iri, tupu ọ gaa mahadum na Montpellier . [1]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.presseetcite.info/journal-officiel-des-banlieues/agir/danielle-obono-front-de-gauche-pour-un-processus-de-revolution|language=fr|title=Danielle Obono (front de gauche): &quot; Pour un processus de révolution citoyenne &quot;|work=Journal officiel des banlieues|date=1 March 2012|accessdate=1 September 2020|archive-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160818/http://www.presseetcite.info/journal-officiel-des-banlieues/agir/danielle-obono-front-de-gauche-pour-un-processus-de-revolution|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ghọrọ nwa amaala France n'afọ 2011.

Mgbe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20170616-france-elections-legislatives-17-circonscription-enmarche-france-insoumise-failles-obono|title=Législatives : duel entre une insoumise et une marcheuse dans la 17e circonscription de Paris|publisher=France 24|date=16 June 2017|language=fr|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum, Obono ghọrọ onye na-elekọta ọ́bá akwụkwọ na Paris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&amp;TRM=112946798&amp;COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E282ee20d-30c,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R71.227.117.13,FN|title=Les relations économiques entre la France et le Gabon de 1960 à 2000|language=fr|publisher=SUDOC|year=2002|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2002, ọ nwetara nzere masta na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, na-amụ mmekọrịta akụ na ụba dị n'etiti France na Gabon n'oge ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20 n'okpuru nlekọta nke Jacques Marseille. [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;godeau17&quot; /&gt;'afọ 2003, ọ malitere mmemme doctoral na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Institut des mondes africains, na-elekwasị anya na mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Naịjirịa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya 

tupu ọ gụchaa nzere ahụ.

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Mgbe mwakpo Charlie Hebdo mere 'afọ 2015 gasịrị, Obono nọ n'etiti esemokwu mgbe o kwuru na ya &quot;agaghị akwa ákwá&quot;, na-ewere ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu dị ka &quot;ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;.

Onye otu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mme Danièle Obono|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA721960|work=National Assembly|accessdate=24 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; France Insoumise, a họpụtara Obono ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke mba maka [[Paris]]'s_17th_constituency&quot; id=&quot;mwRQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Paris's 17th constituency&quot;&gt;Mpaghara nke iri na asaa nke Paris na ntuli aka iwu nke afọ 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/resultats/paris_75/paris_17eme-circonscription|title=Paris - 17e circonscription , resultats élections législatives 2017|work=France Info|accessdate=2017-06-30|archivedate=2022-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227110405/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/resultats/paris_75/paris_17eme-circonscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/paris/2089255-20170618-resultat-legislatives-2017-daniele-obono-militante-altermondialiste-assemblee|language=fr|title=Résultat législatives 2017: Danièle Obono, une militante altermondialiste à l'Assemblée|work=20 Minutes|first=Coralie|author=Lemke|date=18 June 2017|accessdate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere La France Insoumise n'okpuru nduzi Jean-Luc Mélenchon, ya na Alexis Corbière . [1]

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/fiche/OMC_PO675659|title=Composition de la délégation aux outre-mer|language=fr|publisher=French National Assembly|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ime ndị omeiwu, Obono jere ozi na Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara iwu, Kọmitii Na-ahụ maka Ihe gbasara Europe na Kọmiti Na-ahụ Maka Ihe gbasara mba ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/fiche/OMC_PO59051|title=Composition de la commission des lois|language=fr|publisher=French National Assembly|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/fiche/OMC_PO415287|title=Composition de la commission des affaires européennes|language=fr|publisher=French National Assembly|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=2 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, ọ sonyere na esemokwu ọzọ mgbe ọ gbachitere nzukọ ndị otu na Seine-Saint-Denis nke ndị ọcha mechiri. Mgbe gọọmentị kwupụtara&lt;ref&gt;Hausalter, Louis, [https://www.marianne.net/politique/stage-pour-racises-prise-de-bec-entre-jean-luc-melenchon-et-daniele-obono-l-assemblee Stage pour &quot;racisés&quot; : prise de bec entre Jean-Luc Mélenchon et Danièle Obono à l’Assemblée], ''Marianne'', 29 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; ọ ga-ebo ndị na-ahazi akwụkwọ, Obono na Mélenchon nwere esemokwu na National Assembly, na-esote nkwado ya maka gọọmentị n'okwu a.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Associated Press|date=2020-08-29|title=French magazine says sorry for portraying black MP as a slave|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/29/french-magazine-sorry-portraying-black-mp-slave-danele-obono-valeurs-actuelles|accessdate=2020-08-29|work=The Guardian|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829163202/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/29/french-magazine-sorry-portraying-black-mp-slave-danele-obono-valeurs-actuelles|archivedate=29 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, magazin ndị France dị n'aka nri bụ Valeurs actuelles bipụtara akụkọ ifo dị peeji asaa na ihe osise nke Obono dị ka ohu nọ n'agbụ na-eche ọdịda anyanwụ ihu, nke e kegidere n'akụkụ ọkụ, n'okpuru isiokwu &quot;akụkọ ifo oge okpomọkụ&quot;, na-akpali mkpesa site n'aka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke pati dị iche.

Mgbe a jụrụ ya banyere Hamas mgbe mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu nke 7 Ọktoba 2023, Danielle Obono, gwara redio Sud Radio nke France na 17 Ọktobe na &quot;ee, Hamas bụ òtù nnupụisi. Ọ bụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Islamist nke nwere ngalaba agha, ma na-eguzogide [[Israel]], na-ajụ ime ka ọ bụrụ òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu. 

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Obono, Danièle}}
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| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image logo&quot; |[[File:Place_de_la_Nation_La_Barbe_groupe_d’action_féministe_Paris_fête_nationale_juillet_2013.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;La Barbe, ụbọchị mba, Paris, Place de la Nation, July 2013&lt;/div&gt;
|-
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| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |Afụ ọnụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Ọzụzụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data note&quot; |2008&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; Afọ 16 gara aga&amp;#x20;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[NGO]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Ebumnuche
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Women rights|Ikike ụmụ nwanyị]]
|-
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| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Paris]], [[France]]
|-
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| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |French
|}
{{Reflist}}
'''La Barbe (The Beard) ''' bụ otu ụmụ nwanyị nke France. E hiwere ya na 2008. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịkatọ enweghị ma ọ bụ enweghị nnọchiteanya nke ụmụ nwanyị na ọdịbendị nke oge a. Nke a gụnyere mmetụta na ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba na mgbasa ozi.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:Action_du_groupe_féministe_La_Barbe_à_Paris..jpg|thumb|Omume nke otu ụmụ nwanyị La Barbe na Paris]]
Otu ahụ pụtara n'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala nke France na 2007. Ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado Ségolène Royal wụrụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ihi na ha na-ekwu okwu gbasara nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/societe/2010/03/08/a-chacune-son-feminisme_613828|title=A chacune son&amp;nbsp;féminisme|work=Libération.fr|accessdate=2018-09-02|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìgwè ahụ gbakọtara gburugburu Marie de Cenival, onye bụbu onye na-Ime ihe omume nke UP-Paris, na-achịkọta ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-etinyeghị aka na njikọ ma ọ bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị tupu. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2008, &quot;ndị otu iri abụọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ndị na-akwado iri atọ&quot; dị ka Liberation si kwuo, bụ ndị otu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://next.liberation.fr/culture/2008/10/25/le-gang-des-postiches_562355|title=Le gang des postiches|work=Libération.fr|accessdate=2018-09-02|language=fr|archive-date=2018-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903013429/http://next.liberation.fr/culture/2008/10/25/le-gang-des-postiches_562355|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2010, e debanyere aha mmadụ iri ise. Aha otu ahụ na-ezo aka na afụ ọnụ, dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke nwoke, na interjection French a ma ama &quot;La barbe!&quot; nke pụtara &quot;Enough!&quot;

Ihe ngosi ihu ọha mbụ ha mere na Febụwarị 28, 2008, n'oge nnọkọ nke Éric Zemmour na Drugstore Publicis na Paris. Dị ka Le Nouvel Observateur si kwuo, e hiwere La Barbe n'ụzọ iwu dị ka òtù na-enweghị uru na Machị 8, 2008, maka ụbọchị ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/medias/20100207.OBS6127/la-barbe-contre-la-domination-masculine.html|title=&quot;La barbe&quot; contre &quot;la domination masculine&quot;|work=L'Obs|accessdate=2018-09-02|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìgwè ahụ gosipụtara na Paris na Act Up-Paris na Panthères roses, na-etinye afụ ọnụ n'otu n'ime ihe oyiyi dị na Place de la République.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://old.tassedethe.com/cadres/souscadre/tendance/lesbo-feminisme.htm|title=Tasse de Thé, Culture Lesbienne|author=COM|first=PEETERS|work=old.tassedethe.com|accessdate=2018-09-02|archivedate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223105353/http://old.tassedethe.com/cadres/souscadre/tendance/lesbo-feminisme.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Remise_du_diplome_de_Barbe_d'or_-_La_Barbe_Toulouse_groupe_d'action_féministe.jpg|thumb|Afụ ọnụ ọlaedo diplọma - Afụ ọnụ Toulouse]]
Otu ahụ pụtara n'ime afọ 2000, nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị gosipụtara site na ịmepụta njikọ Ni putes ni soumises na 2003 na Osez le féminisme na 2009 ma ọ bụ Les TumulTueuses na 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/03/06/791641-journee-femme-releve-veut-donner-nouveau-souffle-feminisme.html|title=Journée de la femme: la relève veut donner un nouveau souffle au féminisme|work=ladepeche.fr|accessdate=2018-09-02|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Causette na 2009 bụ ihe akaebe nke mmeghari nke feminism na France. Joy Sorman kwuru, &quot;mkpokọta ndị a bụ ihe akaebe dị ndụ nke mmeghari ohuru nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'etiti ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto&quot;. [7] Site n'echiche ịkwa emo ya, La Barbe sonyere na mmegharị izugbe nke &quot;onye na-eme ihe ike mkparị&quot;[8] na-esote mkpokọta ndị ọzọ dịka L'appel et la pioche, Génération précaire, Jeudi noir, Sauvons les riches et les Clowns à responsabilités sociales.      .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2011/07/15/l-emancipation-des-femmes-passera-par-celle-des-hommes-appeles-a-se-debarrasser-de-leurs-stereotypes-et-a-refuser-les-assignations-de-genre_1549131_3232.html|title=L'émancipation des femmes passera par celle des hommes|work=Le Monde.fr|accessdate=2018-09-02|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/le-monde-2/article/2009/09/11/les-partisans-du-rire-militant_1238238_1004868.html|title=Les partisans du rire militant|work=Le Monde.fr|accessdate=2018-09-02|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Enase Okonedo</title>
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      <text bytes="7749" sha1="lr1ukm9czic7i71oe52nfrc5x0u07bp" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Enase Felicia Okonedo&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mmụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* Mahadum Benin (BSc) 
* IESE Business School (MBA) 
* International School of Management (Paris)  (PhD) 
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nzukọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* [[Lagos Business School|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Azụmaahịa Lagos]]
* [[Pan-Atlantic University|Mahadum Pan-Atlantic]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A maara ya maka&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |
* Mmụta ndị isi na njikwa
* Nchịkwa ego na azụmaahịa
|}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Enase Felicia Okonedo&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mmụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* Mahadum Benin (BSc) 
* IESE Business School (MBA) 
* International School of Management (Paris)  (PhD) 
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nzukọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* [[Lagos Business School|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Azụmaahịa Lagos]]
* [[Pan-Atlantic University|Mahadum Pan-Atlantic]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A maara ya maka&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |
* Mmụta ndị isi na njikwa
* Nchịkwa ego na azụmaahịa
|}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Enase Felicia Okonedo''' bụ osote onye isi nke [[Pan-Atlantic University|Mahadum Pan-Atlantic]] na onye bụbu dean nke Lagos Business School (LBS), ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum pan-Atlantic, Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ogbechie Appointed LBS’ Dean – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/11/30/ogbechie-appointed-lbs-dean/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ dean nke Lagos Business School ruo afọ iri na otu ma [[Chris Ogbechie]] nọchiri ya.

N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara Okonedo dị ka otu n'ime [[Ndị Naijiria]] 50 kachasị nwee mmetụta (36th).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/research-pdf/article/report-50-influential-nigerians-2017/|title=50 most influential Nigerians in 2017|date=2018-02-15|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Okonedo nwere BSc&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/people/enase-okonedo|title=Enase Okonedo|work=www.bsg.ox.ac.uk|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndekọ ego site na Mahadum Benin, MBA site na IESE Business School na Barcelona, na Doctorate na nchịkwa azụmahịa site na [[Paris]])&quot; id=&quot;mwHw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;International School of Management (Paris)&quot;&gt;International School of Management (Paris)  na Paris.

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2009, Okonedo ghọrọ onye isi nke LBS ebe ọ na-ahụ maka ntụziaka atụmatụ na ihe niile gbasara agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/okonedo-enase/|title=Enase Okonedo|work=Lagos Business School|accessdate=2019-05-06|archivedate=2019-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150330/https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/okonedo-enase/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pau.edu.ng/about-pau/governance/umc/okonedo/|title=Dr. Enase Okonedo {{!}} Welcome to Pan-Atlantic University|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-05-06|archivedate=2019-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150318/http://www.pau.edu.ng/about-pau/governance/umc/okonedo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2013, n'oge ọ na-eduzi, LBS guzobere Centre for Research in Leadership and Ethics (CRLE) na Centre for Competitiveness and Strategy (CCS). [1] Tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi, Okonedo bụ onye otu oge niile nke ngalaba, na-akụzi ihe ọmụmụ na njikwa ego ụlọ ọrụ na atụmatụ ego. Tupu&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/53e2c298-02c7-11e4-81b1-00144feab7de|title=Meet the dean: Enase Okonedo, Lagos Business School|author=Bradshaw|first=Della|date=2014-07-04|work=Financial Times|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; banye n'ọkwa onye na-eme nchọpụta na LBS Okonedo bụ onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ akụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;'agbata afọ 2012 na afọ 2013 Okonedo bụ onye isi oche nke Association of African Business Schools (AABS), na onye otu bọọdụ ruo n'afọ 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aabschools.com/staff/dr-enase-okonedo/|title=Dr Enase Okonedo|work=AABS|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-06|archivedate=2019-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150331/https://www.aabschools.com/staff/dr-enase-okonedo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/enase-okonedo/|title=Enase Okonedo|work=World Economic Forum|accessdate=2019-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; onye otu Senate na kansụl na-achịkwa [[Pan-Atlantic University|Mahadum Pan-Atlantic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aacsb.edu/about/who-we-are/board-of-directors|title=AACSB Board of Directors {{!}} Fostering Engagement and Innovation|work=www.aacsb.edu|accessdate=2019-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-leadership-named-to-aacsb-internationals-board-of-directors-300595111.html|title=New Leadership Named to AACSB International's Board of Directors|author=International|first=AACSB|work=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2015, e nyere ya dịka Fellow nke Society of Corporate Governance Nigeria (SCGN) ma họpụta ya na Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) nke mba ụwa, ka ọ na-eje ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ-onye na-ahụ maka akụ na onye otu kọmitii nke AACSB. [1] [2] Okonedo&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; onye otu Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (FCA) na onye otu International Academy of Management (IAM). [1] Okonedo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gbsn.org/about/enase-okonedo/|title=Enase Okonedo|work=GBSN|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ maka Global Business School Network (GBSN) na maka Blavatnik School of Government na Mahadum Oxford. [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aigafrica.org/Who-we-are|title=AIG Africa|work=www.aigafrica.org/Who-we-are|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2021-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615102118/https://www.aigafrica.org/Who-we-are}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aifareadingsociety.org/enaseokonedo.php|title=AIFA : President|work=aifareadingsociety.org|accessdate=2019-05-06|archivedate=2018-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006085029/http://aifareadingsociety.org/enaseokonedo.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụkwa onye isi oche nke AIFA Reading Society, Nigeria na panel nke ndị ndụmọdụ maka Africa Initiative for Governance. [1] [2]

== Mgbasa ozi ==
Okonedo na ọrụ ya apụtala na Financial Times (2014) na The Business Year (2017).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebusinessyear.com/nigeria-2017/focus-on-business/interview|title=FOCUS on business|work=The Business Year|accessdate=2019-05-06|archivedate=2019-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150335/https://www.thebusinessyear.com/nigeria-2017/focus-on-business/interview}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Okonedo, Enase}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edward von Siebold Dingle</title>
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      <text bytes="2640" sha1="sbfh52dxd2zaektvxx2yzrw6cauf84q" xml:space="preserve">'''Edward von Siebold Dingle''' (Ọktoba 18, 1893 - Eprel 21, 1975) bụ onye America na-ese nnụnụ na onye na-amụ banyere nnụnụ si [[Nleda anyanwu Kàròlina|South Carolina]]. A na-edebe nchịkọta nnụnụ ya na ụfọdụ ihe osise ya ugbu a na Charleston Museum.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Von Siebold Dingle na nso Charleston ebe nna ya John Rutledge Dingle na nne ya Agatha Von S. Dingle na-elekọta ubi. Ọ tolitere na-enwe mmasị na okike ma malite nka na nne ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Porter Military Academy ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1913 wee nweta nzere A.B. na College of Charleston na 1917. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dingle, E. Von S.|year=1927|title=Sooty Tern (Sterna fuscata) and Bridled Tern (Sterna anaetheta) on the South Carolina coast.|url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v044n01/p0093-p0094.pdf|journal=The Auk|volume=44|issue=1|pages=93-94}}&lt;/ref&gt; rụrụ ọrụ na ndị agha mmiri n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ ma gaa n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n'oké osimiri mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọkachasị n'ịchọ ụdị ndị na-efe n'ime ala mgbe ajọ ifufe gasịrị. Ọ zụrụ na eserese ala na Alfred Hutty. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The South on Paper: Line, Color and Light|author=Kelly, James C.|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|year=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://speccoll.cofc.edu/collection-spotlight-edward-von-siebold-dingle-papers/|title=Collection Spotlight: Edward von Siebold Dingle papers|publisher=College of Charleston}}&lt;/ref&gt; lụrụ Marie Guerin Ball na 1927 ma ha biri na Middleburg Plantation na South Carolina, ebe o biri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

Dingle chịkọtara nnụnụ ma soro Arthur Trezevant Wayne rụọ ọrụ. O jiri ihe atụ ya mepụta ihe osise mmiri ziri ezi nke nnụnụ n'ebe obibi ha, ọkachasị na mmiri. O gosipụtara ihe osise nnụnụ ya na 1926 ma tinye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya na ngosi na Rockefeller Center na New York na 1937. Ọtụtụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=News from the South Carolina Museum commission|url=https://dc.statelibrary.sc.gov/bitstream/handle/10827/9588/MUSEUM_News_1975_Fall.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=2023-03-20|access-date=2023-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320081134/https://dc.statelibrary.sc.gov/bitstream/handle/10827/9588/MUSEUM_News_1975_Fall.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ime ihe osise ya gara na Gibbes Art Gallery na Charleston Museum . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://archive.org/details/sewaneenews197541univ/page/n62/mode/1up|journal=The Sweanee News|year=1975|title=Deaths}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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  <page>
    <title>Fizeau interferometer</title>
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      <text bytes="6690" sha1="85c52cwhrp8bwib0d9g2oq2vu9absce" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Fizeau_interferometer_testing_optical_flat.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe osise 1. Fizeau interferometer]]
A '''Fizeau interferometer''' &lt;ref&gt;Lawson, Peter R. &quot;Principles of Long Baseline Stellar Interferometry.&quot; Course notes from the 1999 Michelson Summer School, held August 15–19, 1999. Edited by Peter R. Lawson. Published by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; bụ nhazi interferometric ebe a na-etinye ihe abụọ na-egosipụta ibe ha. Dị ka a hụrụ na Fig 1, a na-ejikọta ìhè na-egbukepụ egbukepụ n'azụ site na ihe na-egbochi egbukepụ nke mbụ na ìhè na-emegharị n'ihu site na ihe ngosi nke abụọ iji mepụta mgbochi mgbochi.&amp;nbsp;

Okwu Fizeau interferometer na-ezokwa aka na nhazi interferometric nke Hippolyte Fizeau ji mee ihe na nnwale 1851 a ma ama nke yiri ka ọ kwadoro echiche nke ether-drag hypothesis nke Augustin Jean Fresnel, mana nke mechara rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa n'iweta nsogbu na physics nke butere ya.  Mmepe nke Einstein nke tiori pụrụ iche relativity.  Hụ nnwale Fizeau..

== Ngwa ==
A na-ejikarị interferometers Fizeau eme ihe maka ịlele ọdịdị nke elu anya: Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, a na-eji oghere anya ma ọ bụ enyo eme ihe tụnyere ihe atụ nwere ọdịdị achọrọ. Na Fig. 1, a na-egosi Fizeau interferometer ka enwere ike ịtọ ya iji nwalee anya. A na-etinye ihe ngosi a kapịrị ọnụ n'elu ihe ngosi a na-anwale, nkewapụrụ site na oghere dị warara. A na-eme ka ihe dị larịị dịtụ ala (naanị akụkụ nke ogo nke beveling dị mkpa) iji gbochie azụ azụ nke ihe dị larịrịị ka ọ ghara imepụta mgbochi mgbochi. &lt;ref name=&quot;OPIFizeau&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Interferential devices - Fizeau Interferometer|url=http://www.optique-ingenieur.org/en/courses/OPI_ang_M02_C05/co/Contenu_25.html|publisher=Optique pour l'Ingénieur.|accessdate=8 April 2012|archivedate=30 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830222913/http://www.optique-ingenieur.org/en/courses/OPI_ang_M02_C05/co/Contenu_25.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; monochromatic &lt;ref name=&quot;Guideline&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guideline for Use of Fizeau Interferometer in Optical Testing|url=http://engineer.jpl.nasa.gov/practices/2404.pdf|publisher=[[NASA]]|accessdate=8 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925131401/https://engineer.jpl.nasa.gov/practices/2404.pdf|archivedate=25 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;-enwu gbaa n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ, na nkewa nke na-enye ohere ile anya na axis.

A na-ahụ ihe ntụaka ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ site na ihe ọhụụ (hologram nke kọmputa ma ọ bụ CGH), ebe a nwere ike ịmepụta nke a site na usoro lithographic ziri ezi. Foto 2 na-egosi ojiji nke CGHs na nnwale. &amp;nbsp;N'adịghị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ, CGHs n'ezie nwere oghere ahịrị na usoro nke 1 ruo 10 μm. &amp;nbsp;Mgbe a na-agafe ìhè laser site na CGH, ụzarị diffracted nke efu enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla. Otú ọ dị, a na-agbanwe ihu nke ụzarị diffracted nke mbụ iji kwekọọ na ọdịdị a chọrọ nke elu ule. &lt;ref name=&quot;Burge2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Burge|first=J. H.|title=Measurement of aspheric mirror segments using Fizeau interferometry with CGH correction|journal=Proceedings of SPIE|date=2010|volume=7739|pages=773902|doi=10.1117/12.857816|url=http://www.loft.optics.arizona.edu/documents/journal_articles/Jim_Burge_Measurement_of_aspheric_mirror_segments_using_Fizeau_interferometry_with_CGH_correction.pdf|archive-date=2020-05-09|access-date=2023-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509033908/http://www.loft.optics.arizona.edu/documents/journal_articles/Jim_Burge_Measurement_of_aspheric_mirror_segments_using_Fizeau_interferometry_with_CGH_correction.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;'N'ime ihe atụ atụnyere Fizeau interferometer nwụnye, a na-edobe oghere dị iche iche nke efu na-aga n'ihu n'elu ntụaka okirikiri, a na-edugakwa ntuhie nke mbụ na-aga n'elu ule ahụ n'ụzọ ga-eme ka ihie abụọ ahụ na-egosipụta na-ejikọta na-eme ka nnyonye anya.
[[Usòrò:Fizeau_optical_testing_with_computer_generated_hologram-en.svg|none|thumb|550x550px|Foto 2. Ule anya na Fizeau interferometer na hologram mepụtara na kọmputa]]
A na-ejikwa interferometers Fizeau mee ihe na sensọ fiber optic maka ịlele nrụgide, okpomọkụ, nrụgide, wdg.

== Nnyocha ether-drag nke Fizeau ==

=== Ihe ọ pụtara ===
[[Usòrò:Fizeau_interferometer.JPG|thumb|300x300px|Foto 3. Fizeau interferometer maka ịtụle mmetụta nke mmegharị mmiri na ọsọ nke ìhè.]]
N'afọ 1851, Fizeau jiri ụdị interferometer dị iche iche tụọ mmetụta nke mmegharị nke ihe na-agagharị na ọsọ nke ìhè, dịka a hụrụ na Fig.&amp;nbsp;

Dabere na echiche ndị dị n'oge ahụ, ìhè na-agafe n'ihe na-agagharị agagharị ga-adọta ya na ihe na-aga n'ihu, yabụ ọsọ ''nke'' ìhè ga-abụ ngụkọta dị mfe nke ọsọ ya ''site na'' ihe na ọsọ nke ihe na-agbasa.

Fizeau chọpụtara n'ezie mmetụta na-adọkpụrụ, mana oke mmetụta ọ hụrụ dị ala karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya.  Nsonaazụ ya yiri ka ọ kwadoro echiche akụkụ ether-drag nke Fresnel, ọnọdụ nke na-akụda ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Ihe karịrị ọkara narị afọ gara aga tupu e mepụta nkọwa na-eju afọ nke Fizeau na-atụghị anya ya na ọbịbịa nke echiche Einstein nke mmekọrịta pụrụ iche.

=== Ntọala nnwale ===
A na-eme ka ìhè na-egbukepụ site na oghere oghere na-agbagọ agbagọ ma kewaa ya site na ogwe abụọ, nke na-agafe tube na-ebu mmiri na-agagharị na ọsọ ''v''. Igwe ọ bụla na-aga n'ụkwụ dị iche iche nke tube ahụ, a na-egosipụta ya na enyo dị n'aka ekpe, ma laghachi site na ụkwụ nke ọzọ nke tube ahụ. Ya mere, ụdọ abụọ ahụ na-aga otu ụzọ ahụ, mana otu n'akụkụ mmiri na-aga, nke ọzọ na-emegide mmiri ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wood&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Physical Optics|author=Robert Williams Wood|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Ohp5AAAAIAAJ|date=1905|publisher=[[The Macmillan Company]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-ejikọta ụzarị abụọ ahụ na ihe nchọpụta ahụ, na-emepụta usoro mgbochi nke na-adabere na ọdịiche ọ bụla n'oge na-agagharị n'ụzọ abụọ ahụ.

Enwere ike nyochaa ụkpụrụ nnyonye anya iji chọpụta ọsọ nke ọkụ na-aga n'ụkwụ ọ bụla nke tube.

== Hụkwa ==

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ụfọdụ nhazi nhazi nke ihe atụ sitere na akwụkwọ nta nke onye na-emepụta interferometer Zygo Corp.</text>
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    <title>Sylvain White</title>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block&quot;&gt;Sylvain White&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Sylvain_White_at_WonderCon_2010_2.JPG|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;White na [[WonderCon]] 2010&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A mụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1971-12-21&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;21 Disemba 1971 (afọ 52)&lt;ref name=&quot;DOB&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;218&quot;&gt;[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/sylvain_white &quot;Sylvain White&quot;].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;219&quot;&gt;''[[Rotten Tomatoes]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;221&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 February&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Paris]], [[France]]&lt;ref name=&quot;DOB&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Alma mater&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Pomona College|Kọleji Pomona]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* Onye nduzi ihe nkiri
* Onye edemede
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Afọ ndị ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1998&amp;#x2D; ugbu a
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://web.archive.org/web/20190717102745/http://whitefilmlab.com/ WhiteFilmLab.com]
|}
'''Sylvain White''' (amụrụ na 21 Disemba 1971)&lt;ref name=&quot;DOB&quot;/&gt; bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri na onye edemede French.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;PO timeline 1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1998|url=https://www.pomona.edu/timeline/1990s/1998|work=Pomona College Timeline|accessdate=14 August 2020|language=en|date=7 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; gara Pomona College, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1998.

O gosipụtara ihe nkiri ya, Stomp the Yard, na nọmba mbụ na US. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eduzi ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị The Losers, nke Chris Evans, [[Idris Elba]] na Zoe Saldana na-eme. O dere ma duzie ihe nkiri omimi nke igbu ọchụ nke France The Mark of the Angels, nke Gérard Depardieu gosipụtara.

White eduziwo ihe omume na usoro telivishọn dịka The Americans, ''CSI'', Hawaii Five-0, The Following, Person of Interest, Major Crimes na Sleepy Hollow.

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ndị dị mkpirikpi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Onye nduzi
!Onye edemede
|-
|2002
|''Udo''|{{yes}}|{{no}}
|-
|2013
|''Weela Ịhụnanya''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}
|-
|}

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Onye nduzi
!Onye edemede
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2004
|''Atọ nke Atọ: Ndị Nche''|{{yes}}|{{no}}
|A na-akpọ ya &quot;Skav One&quot;
|-
|2006
|''Aga m ama ihe ị mere n'oge ọkọchị gara aga''|{{yes}}|{{no}}
|N'ịntanetị
|-
|2007
|''Kpatụ Ogige ahụ''|{{yes}}|{{no}}
|
|-
|2009
|''Mgbidi Na''|{{no}}|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2010
|''Ndị Na-emeri''|{{yes}}|{{no}}
|
|-
|2013
|''Akara nke Ndị Mmụọ Ozi - Miserere''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2018
|''Nwoke Dị gịrịgịrị''|{{yes}}|{{no}}
|
|-
|}

=== Telivishọn ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2012
|''CSI: Miami''
|1 ihe omume
|-
|2012–2016
|''Hawaii Ise-0''
|Ihe omume 8
|-
|2013
|''Ihe Ndị Ochebe''
|1 ihe omume
|-
|2013–2014
|''Onye Mmasị''
|Ihe omume 2
|-
|2014
|''Onye Ọkachamara n'Iche''
|1 ihe omume
|-
|2014–2015
|''Ndị Mbụ''
|Ihe omume 2
|-
|2015
|''Ndị na-esote''
|1 ihe omume
|-
|2015–2017
|''Nnukwu Mpụ''
|Ihe omume 3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Akị mmiri''
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |1 ihe omume
|-
|''Alaeze Ukwu''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
|''Ndagwurugwu Na-ehi Ụra''
|-
|''Oge Ọkụ''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ngwá Agha Na-egbu Egbu''
|-
|''MacGyver''
|-
|2017–2018
|''Ndị America''
|Ihe omume 2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|''Magnum P.I.''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 ihe omume
|-
|''Ụlọ Ọrụ 19''
|-
|2019–2021
|''Onye Ọhụrụ''
|Ihe omume 6
|-
|2019
|''Mmụọ ozi dị ịtụnanya''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 ihe omume
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|''Akụkọ Ndị Na-eju Anya''
|-
|''Fargo''
|Ihe omume 2
|-
|2020–2022
|''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Umbrella''
|Ihe omume 3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2022
|''Ọtụtụ ijeri''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 ihe omume
|-
|''Bel-Air''
|-
|''Ndepụta Terminal''
|Ihe omume 2
|-
|''Obi abụọ Dị Iche Iche''
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1 ihe omume
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2023
|''Ndị America niile: Ịlọghachi''
|-
|''Eziokwu: City Primeval''
|-
|''Maka Ụmụ Mmadụ Nile''
|-
|2023–24
|''Fargo''
|Ihe omume 2
|}

== Edensibia ==
nke ọma maka ide (na mgbe ụfọdụ iduzi), ya na onye edemede [[Brent Maddock]], ihe nkiri na usoro telivishọn Tremors. Wilson bụ onye guzobere Stampede Entertainme{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|1234893|Sylvain White}}
* Mgbasa ozi metụtaraSylvain Whitena Wikimedia Commons
{{Sylvain White}}{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Maria João Ganga</title>
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      <text bytes="3102" sha1="i65g9x4hg75lmnxp86ybkawqahsrqki" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Maria João Ganga|image=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth-date and age|1964}}|birth_place=[[Huambo]], [[Angola]]|alma_mater=Ecole Superieure Libre d'Etudes Cinématographiques, (ESEC) [[Paris]]|occupation={{hlist|Director|screenwriter}}|notable_works=[[Hollow City (film)|''Hollow City'']], ''Rostov-Luanda''|years_active=|spouse=}}

'''Maria João Ganga''' bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri na onye edemede ihe nkiri nke [[Angola]], nke a maara nke ọma maka ịbụ nwanyị mbụ mere ihe nkiri zuru oke na Angola. E wepụtara ihe nkiri ya bụ Hollow City (Na Cidade Vazia), nke o dere ma duzie na 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;Africultures&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maria João Ganga|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=5802|work=Africultures|accessdate=1 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri Special Jury Prize&lt;ref name=&quot;Dennis Grunes literary critic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=HOLLOW CITY (Maria João Ganga, 2004)|url=https://grunes.wordpress.com/2007/02/01/hollow-city-maria-joao-ganga-2004/|work=Dennis Grunes film blog|accessdate=1 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2004 Paris Film Festival . [1]

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Ganga gara Ecole Superieure Libre&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotterdam Film Festival&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maria Joao Ganga|url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/maria-joao-ganga|work=International Film Festival Rotterdam|accessdate=1 July 2018|archivedate=10 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110111650/https://iffr.com/en/persons/maria-joao-ganga}}&lt;/ref&gt;'Etudes Cinématographiques, (ESEC) ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri na Paris.

Ganga dere ihe nkiri maka Hollow City, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Artur Carlos Maurício Pestana dos Santos (Pepetela). A na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ na 1991 n'oge agha obodo Angola. Nke&lt;ref name=&quot;Dennis Grunes literary critic&quot;/&gt; bụ akụkọ banyere ndụ agha mebiri.

Akụkọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'otu nwata nwoke dị afọ iri na otu, N'dala (Roldan Pinto João), onye hụrụ ogbugbu ndị agha gburu ezinụlọ ya n'obodo ya bụ Bie. N'dala na ụmụaka ndị ọzọ na-enweghị nne na nna napụtara ma kpọga ha Luanda, isi obodo [[Angola]] site n'aka onye nọn ozi ala ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Global Film Initiative&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=HOLLOW CITY a film by Maria João Ganga|url=http://www.globalfilm.org/catalogue/hollow_city.htm|work=Global Film Initiative|accessdate=1 July 2018|archivedate=20 January 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120074614/http://globalfilm.org/catalogue/hollow_city.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;'dala gbapụrụ ma na-awagharị n'etiti nnukwu obodo ahụ ebe ọ na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu.

Ganga rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye nduzi na ihe nkiri ''Rostov-Luanda'' nke Abderrahmane Sissako.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotterdam Film Festival&quot;/&gt; dekwara ma duzie maka ihe nkiri.

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nkiri
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2004
|Obodo Hollow (Na Obodo Ofu) 
|Onye nduzi
|Ihe nkiri Agha Obodo Angola
|-
|1997
|''Rostov-Luanda''
|Onye na-enyere onye nduzi aka
|Ihe nkiri e mere na [[Angola]]
|-
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="10534" sha1="71mlypkjtpxozmuzq70vmsldqztgmca" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Safi Faye|image=Safi Faye.jpg|imagesize=|caption=|birth_date={{Birth date|1943|11|22}}|birth_place=[[Dakar]], [[Senegal]]|death_date={{Death date and age|2023|2|22|1943|11|22}}|death_place=[[Paris]], [[France]]|nationality=Senegalese|education=[[École normal de Rufisque]], [[University of Paris]]|occupation=[[Film director]], [[ethnology|ethnologist]]|yearsactive=1972–2023|notable_works=''[[Kaddu Beykat]]'', ''[[Mossane]]''|spouse=|children=1|domesticpartner=|website=|awards=''[[Un Certain Regard]]''}}

{{Databox}}'''Safi Faye''' (November 22, 1943 - Febụwarị 22, 2023) bụ onye isi ihe nkiri na ọkà mmụta agbụrụ [[Senegal|na Senegal]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;JP1&quot;&gt;Petrolle, p. 177.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanyị [[Afrịka]] nke Sub-Sahara nke mbụ mere ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ekesa na azụmaahịa, ''Kaddu Beykat'', nke ewepụtara na 1975. Ọ eduzila ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo na-elekwasị anya na ndụ ime obodo na Senegal.

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Safi Faye na 1943 na Dakar, Senegal, site na ezinụlọ Serer nwere oke.&lt;ref name=&quot;JP1&quot;&gt;Petrolle, p. 177.&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị mụrụ ya, ndị Fayes, sitere na Fad'jal, obodo nta ndịda Dakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;GAF1&quot;&gt;Foster, p. 130.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara École normal de Rufisque, ma ọ bụ Normal School, na Rufisque ma nata akwụkwọ nkuzi ya na 1962 ma ọ bụ 1963, malitere izi ihe na Dakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;GAF1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot; /&gt;

Na 1966 ọ gara na Dakar Festival of Negro Arts na zutere French ethnologist na filmmaker Jean Rouch .&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot; /&gt; Ọ gbara ya ume ka o jiri ime ihe nkiri mee ihe dị ka ngwá ọrụ agbụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot; /&gt; O nwere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri na 1971 ihe nkiri ''Petit à petit'' .&lt;ref name=&quot;NFU1&quot;&gt;Ukadike, p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt; Faye ekwuola na ihe nkiri Rouch adịghị amasị ya mana na iso ya na-arụkọ ọrụ nyere ya aka ịmụta banyere ịse ihe nkiri na cinéma-vérité .&lt;ref name=&quot;LS1&quot;&gt;Spaas, p. 185.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ime ihe nkiri ==
Banyere ọrụ Faye, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ọkà mmụta Janaína Oliveira edewo:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Kemgbe mmalite nke ọrụ ya, Faye na-akwali site n'ọchịchọ ikwu ''banyere'' obodo ya, ''maka'' obodo ya, na, karịsịa, ''na'' obodo ya. N'okwu a, prepositions na-eme ihe. Ha na-eduzi ma ihe kpatara ya butere ụzọ. ọ ga-amụ ethnology na France na ntinye aka ya nke sinima dị ka ụzọ isi gbasaa nyocha ya.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Janaína, p.450O&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri Safi Faye niile (ma akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ ifo) gbadoro anya na ọrụ na mgba ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ime ime obodo Africa. Otú ọ dị, ọ katọrọ echiche ahụ na ha na-elekwasị anya nanị ụmụ nwanyị ma kwuo &quot;naanị ụmụ nwanyị enweghị ike ibi na Africa. Ụmụ nwanyị bi n'otu obodo, enweghị m ike iwepụ obodo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Ukadike, 29-40&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpụta akwụkwọ ntụzịaka Faye, nke ọ mekwara ihe, bụ obere 1972 akpọrọ ''La Passante'' ( ''The Passerby'' ), nke sitere na ahụmịhe ya dịka nwanyị mba ọzọ na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;JP1&quot;&gt;Petrolle, p. 177.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Schmidt, p. 287.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-eso otu nwanyị (Faye) na-aga n'okporo ámá ma na-ahụ mmeghachi omume nke ndị ikom nọ nso.&lt;ref name=&quot;LS1&quot;&gt;Spaas, p. 185.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Revanche'' sochiri nke a na 1973, bụ nke e mere ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na Paris wee gosipụta mbọ onye ara siri ike ịrịgo Pont Neuf .&lt;ref name=&quot;HU&quot;&gt;Harvard University, 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

E wepụtara ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya na 1996. Aha ya bụ ''Mossane'', ihe nkiri a dị na Wolof wee nye ya onyinye ''Un Certain Regard'' na Cannes Film Festival .&lt;ref name=&quot;HU&quot;&gt;Harvard University, 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a ma ama ==

=== ''Kaddu Beykat'' ===
O nwetara nkwado ego maka ''Kaddu Beykat'' site na Mịnịstrị nke Mmekọrịta France.&lt;ref name=&quot;GAF1&quot;&gt;Foster, p. 130.&lt;/ref&gt; Ewepụtara ya na 1975, ọ bụ ihe nkiri izizi nke otu nwanyị Sub-Sahara Africa mere ga-ekesa na azụmaahịa wee nweta nkwado mba ụwa maka Faye.&lt;ref name=&quot;LS1&quot;&gt;Spaas, p. 185.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NFU2&quot;&gt;Ukadike, p. 30.&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, amachibidoro ya na Senegal.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;BBC, 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1976 ọ meriri FIPRESCI Prize sitere na International Federation of Film Critics (nke ejikọtara na ''Chhatrabhang'' ) na onyinye OCIC .

=== ''Mossane'' ===
Ọrụ a na-akọ akụkọ ifo,&lt;ref&gt;Ellerson, 2004&lt;/ref&gt; ewepụtara na 1996 mana arụchara ya na 1990,&lt;ref name=&quot;BE&quot;&gt;Ellerson, 2019&lt;/ref&gt; na-esote agha dị afọ 14 megide atụmanya na ọdịnala nke obodo ya na ezinụlọ ya. N'ịbụ onye e kwere ná nkwa kemgbe a mụrụ onye mba ọzọ bi na France, kama ọ hụrụ nwa akwụkwọ dara ogbenye n'anya. N'ịjụ ndokwa e mere n'ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ ya, ọ gbapụrụ n'obodo nta ahụ wee rie mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;VD&quot;&gt;Dima, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

Faye kwuru na akụkọ a sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ &quot;akụkọ akụkọ Africa nke kwuru na a na-amụ nwa agbọghọ mara mma na-enweghị atụ kwa narị afọ ọzọ ... moss pụtara ịma mma n'asụsụ Serer. Ọ bụ ụdị ịma mma nke mmadụ na-apụghị iru.”&lt;ref name=&quot;PF&quot;&gt;Françoise, 1992&lt;/ref&gt; Banyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ onye nduzi gara n'ihu ikwu na &quot;ọ dịghị omume na akụkọ;&quot; kama, ọ dị &quot;iji gosi ka ọdịnala na ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eche ihu ugbu a n'ezie n'Africa.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;BE&quot;&gt;Ellerson, 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Faye, bụ́ onye bi na Paris, nwere otu nwa nwanyị. Ọ nwụrụ na Paris na February 22, 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ 79.&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pfaff|first=Françoise|authorlink=|title=Safi Faye|publisher=FilmReference.com|url=http://www.filmreference.com/Directors-Du-Fr/Faye-Safi.html|accessdate=2008-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* 1972: ''Passante'' ( ''The Passerby'' )
* 1975: ''Kaddu Beykat'' ( ''Leta sitere n'obodo m'' )
* 1979: ''Fad'jal'' ( ''Bịa rụọ ọrụ'' )
* 1979: ''Goob na nu'' ( ''The harvest is in'' )
* 1980: ''Man Sa Yay'' ( ''M, Nne Gị'' )
* 1981: ''Les âmes au soleil'' ( ''Mkpụrụ obi n'okpuru anyanwụ'' )
* 1983: ''Selbe: Otu n'ime ọtụtụ'' (ma ọ bụ ''Selbe na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ'' )
* 1983: ''3 ans 5 mois'' ( ''afọ atọ ọnwa ise'' )
* 1985: ''Racines noires'' ( ''Black Roots'' )
* 1985: ''Elsie Haas, femme peintre et cinéaste d'Haiti'' ( ''Elsie Haas, Haitian Woman Painter and Filmmaker'' )
* 1989: ''Tesito''
* 1996: ''Mossane'' 

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* {{Cite web|title=Africa Beyond|publisher=[[BBC]]|year=2007|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/africabeyond/events/200703/|accessdate=2008-05-10}}
* {{Cite book|author=Oliveira|first=Janaína|title=Safi Faye and the Singular Vision of Cinema|date=2022|publisher=MIT Press}}
* {{Cite book|author=Ellerson|first=Beti|authorlink=|year=2004|chapter=Safi Faye's Gaze: The Evolution of an African Woman's Cinema|editor=Pfaff|title=Focus on African Films|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|pages=185–202|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjqh7O99pv0C&amp;q=focus+on+african+films|isbn=978-0-253-21668-7}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Ellerson|date=2019|title=Safi Faye's Mossane: A Song to Women, to Beauty, to Africa|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/725362|journal=Black Camera|volume=10|issue=2|pages=250|doi=10.2979/blackcamera.10.2.18}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Françoise|first=Pfaff|title=Five West African Filmmakers on Their Films|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|date=1992|volume=20|issue=2|pages=31–37|doi=10.2307/1166989}}
* {{Cite book|author=Foster|first=Gwendolyn Audrey|authorlink=Gwendolyn Audrey Foster|title=Women Film Directors: An International Bio-critical Dictionary|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|year=1995|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenfilmdirecto0000fost/page/130 130]–132|url=https://archive.org/details/womenfilmdirecto0000fost|isbn=0-313-28972-7}}
* {{Cite book|author=Petrolle|first=Jean|authorlink=|title=Women and Experimental Filmmaking|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|year=2005|location=|pages=177–192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bs7Ll5K5oIsC|isbn=0-252-03006-0}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Dima|first=Vlad|title=Voices and Songs in Safi Faye's &quot;Mossane&quot;|journal=The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association|date=2011|volume=44|issue=1|pages=29–41|doi=10.1353/mml.2011.0024|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23621443}}
* {{Cite book|author=Schmidt|first=Nancy J.|authorlink=|year=1999|chapter=Sub-Saharan African Woman Filmmakers|editor=Harrow|title=African Cinema: Postcolonial and Feminist Readings|publisher=[[Africa World Press]]|pages=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kRR2fBv2NhUC|isbn=978-0-86543-697-8}}
* {{Cite web|title=Safi Faye|url=https://filmstudycenter.fas.harvard.edu/fellows-works/safi-faye/|work=The Film Study Center At Harvard University|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=22 March 2023}}
* {{Cite book|author=Nwachukwu Frank|first=Ukadike|title=Questioning African Cinema: Conversations with Filmmakers|date=2002|publisher=Univ. of Minnesota Press|location=Minnesota|pages=29–40}}
* {{Cite book|author=Spaas|first=Lieve|authorlink=|title=The Francophone Film: A Struggle for Identity|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|year=2001|pages=185–188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suDmAWP6VzoC&amp;pg=PA185|isbn=0-7190-5861-9}}
* {{Cite book|author=Thackway|first=Melissa|authorlink=|title=Africa Shoots Back: Alternative Perspectives in Sub-Saharan Francophone|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|pages=151–155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__PzjrAIUtYC|isbn=0-85255-576-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Ukadike|first=Nwachukwu Frank|authorlink=|title=Questioning African Cinema: Conversations with Filmmakers|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|year=2002|pages=[https://archive.org/details/questioningafric00ukad_0/page/29 29]–40|url=https://archive.org/details/questioningafric00ukad_0|isbn=0-8166-4004-1}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|0269682|name=Safi Faye}}
{{Serer topics}}n'asụsụ Serer. Ọ bụ ụdị ịma mma nke mmadụ na-apụghị iru.”  Banyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ onye nduzi gara n'ihu ikwun'asụsụ Serer. Ọ bụ ụdị ịma mma nke mmadụ na-apụghị iru.”&lt;ref name=&quot;PF2&quot;&gt;Françoise, 1992&lt;/ref&gt; Banyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ onye nduzi gara n'ihu ikwu{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Samantha Biffot</title>
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      <text bytes="6928" sha1="7f9gk3m1ant3mu3nayxvv0ffmw9h239" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Samantha Biffot|image=|alt=&lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;|caption=|birth_name=&lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1985}}|birth_place=[[Paris]]|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=Gabonese-French|other_names=|known_for=|years_active=|occupation=Screenwriter, film producer, film director|notable_works=''[[The African Who Wanted to Fly]]'' (2016)}}

'''Samantha Biffot''' (amuru 1985) bu onye Gabonese-French na-ese ihe onyonyo, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye isi ihe nkiri.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Biffot na Paris n'afọ 1985. Ọ nọrọ n'etiti Gabon, South Korea na France mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ zụlitere ọtụtụ ọdịbendị n'ụzọ metụtara ime ihe nkiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=French|title=Samantha Biffot, l’avenir d’un cinéma Africain à multiples facettes|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/samantha-biffot-lavenir-dun-cinema-africain-a-multiples-facettes/|work=Gabon Media Time|date=11 May 2018|accessdate=1 October 2020|archivedate=28 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928195934/https://www.gabonmediatime.com/samantha-biffot-lavenir-dun-cinema-africain-a-multiples-facettes/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ natasịrị nzere bachelọ ya, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na École Supérieure de Réalisation Audiovisuelle na Paris ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na sinima na 2007. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Biffot rụchara ọtụtụ ọrụ telivishọn na ihe nkiri na France. Biffot laghachiri Gabon na 2010 ebe o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta &quot;Princesse M Production&quot; na Pierre-Adrien Ceccaldi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|language=French|title=Gabon : « Pas de cinéma à valeur internationale sans la rigueur et (...)|url=http://www.gaboneco.com/gabon-pas-de-cinema-a-valeur-internationale-sans-la-rigueur-et-l-excellence.html|work=Gaboneco|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601161034/http://www.gaboneco.com/gabon-pas-de-cinema-a-valeur-internationale-sans-la-rigueur-et-l-excellence.html|archivedate=1 June 2019|date=23 September 2011|accessdate=1 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2011, ọ haziri ọmụmụ ihe na ihe nkiri, mmepụta, onyinyo na nhazi dị ka akụkụ nke International Festival of School Courts na Libreville . [1]

N'afọ 2013, usoro ihe nkiri TV ya bụ L'Œil de la cité (Anya nke obodo ahụ) nwetara ihe nrite maka usoro ihe nkiri kacha mma nke Afrịka na Panafrican Film and Television Festival nke Ouagadougou .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Palmarès de la 23ème édition du Fespaco - CLAP NOIR : cinémas et audiovisuels Africains|url=http://www.clapnoir.org/spip.php?article977|work=Clapnoir.org|language=French|date=3 March 2013|accessdate=1 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ahụ nyochara mpụ omenala na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ihe omume ọ bụla nwere omume ọma na njedebe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=French|work=GabonReview|title=Samantha Biffot, &quot; L’œil de la cité &quot; et le Fespaco|url=http://www.bdpmodwoam.org/articles/2013/03/08/samantha-biffot-loeil-de-la-cite-et-le-fespaco/|date=8 March 2018|accessdate=1 October 2020|archivedate=11 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111185357/http://www.bdpmodwoam.org/articles/2013/03/08/samantha-biffot-loeil-de-la-cite-et-le-fespaco/}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwuru na usoro America Tales from the Crypt nwere mmetụta n'ahụ ya, Institut Gabonais de l'Image et du Son mepụtara usoro ya. N'afọ 2016, Biffot wepụtara ihe ngosi The African Who Wanted to Fly, nke na-egosi ndụ onye isi kung fu nke Gabon Luc Bendza. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe nrite pụrụ iche nke ndị ọka ikpe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samantha Biffot Biography|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/samantha-biffot/|work=African Film Festival|accessdate=1 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Festival Escales Socumentaires de Libreville yana ịbụ ihe nkiri kacha mma na 2017 Burundi International Film and Audiovisual Festival . [1]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=French|title=Samantha Biffot représentera le Gabon aux Africa Movie Academy Awards 2017|url=https://gaboncelebrites.com/samantha-biffot-representera-le-gabon-aux-africa-movie-academy-awards-2017/|work=Gabon Celebrites|date=30 May 2017|accessdate=1 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosipụtakwara African Who Wanted to Fly na [[Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München]] na African Film Festival na New York . [1]

Ọzọkwa na 2016, Biffot so dee ma mepụta nsụgharị Africa nke usoro TV Parents mode d'emploi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=French|title=Samantha Biffot, nommée aux Trophées Francophones du Cinéma 2016|url=https://gaboncelebrites.com/samantha-biffot-nommee-aux-trophees-francophones-du-cinema-2016/|work=Gabon Celebrites|date=5 November 2016|accessdate=1 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=French|title=[Vidéo] TAXI SAGAT – La caméra cachée qui vous fera mourir de rire|url=https://gaboncelebrites.com/video-taxi-sagat-la-camera-cachee-qui-vous-fera-mourir-de-rire/|work=Gabon Celebrites|date=5 July 2017|accessdate=1 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2017, ọ duziri usoro Taxi Sagat a ma ama, nke onye na-eme ihe ọchị Sagat na-eme ka ọkwọ ụgbọala tagzi ma tinye ndị na-agba ya n'ọnọdụ na-atọ ọchị, dị ka ịkpọ enyi ya nwanyị. Biffot sooro Oliver Messa rụkọọ ọrụ na usoro ihe nkiri TV nke 2019 Sakho &amp; Mangane, banyere ndị uwe ojii abụọ na-edozi ikpe metụtara ihe karịrị ike mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=French|title=Samantha Biffot et Olivier Messa à l'écriture de la nouvelle serie evenement de Canal+, &quot; Sakho et Mangane &quot;|url=https://gaboncelebrites.com/samantha-biffot-olivier-messa-canal-sakho-et-mangane/|work=Gabon Celebrites|date=17 March 2019|accessdate=1 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; mere ya na Dakar ma were afọ atọ iji mepụta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samantha Biffot : &quot; Cette jeunesse gabonaise est assez triste &quot;|url=https://fr.infosgabon.com/samantha-biffot-cette-jeunesse-gabonaise-est-assez-triste/|work=InfosGabon|accessdate=1 October 2020|language=French|date=21 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, ọ duziri ogbako maka ụmụaka Samba n'aha NGO Samba Labs, ebe ọ na-eche na e nyeghị ndị ntorobịa nọ na Gabon ohere zuru ezu iji gosipụta onwe ha.

== Ihe nkiri ==

* 2013: ''Anya Obodo'' (ihe nkiri TV) 
* 2016: ''[[Onye Afrịka nke Chọrọ ife efe]]'' (ihe ngosi) 
* 2016-2020: Ndị nne na nna ụzọ ọrụ Africa (ihe nkiri TV) 
* 2017: Taxi Sagat (usoro ihe omume TV) 
* 2018: ''Kongossa telecom'' (usoro ihe omume TV) 
* 2019: Sakho &amp; Mangane (usoro ihe omume TV) 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ihe omume ọ bụla nwere

* [[imdbname:8220948|Samantha Biffot]] na Internet Movie Database[[IMDb|Ebe nchekwa data ihe nkiri n'ịntanetị]]
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    <title>Magaajyia Silberfeld</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Magaajyia Silberfeld|image=Magaajyia Silberfeld (cropped).jpg|alt=&lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;|caption=Silberfeld in 2019|birth_name=&lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1996|8|30|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Paris]], France|death_date=|death_place=|other_names=|known_for=|years_active=|occupation=Film director, actress|notable_works=}}

'''Sarah Magaajyia Silberfeld''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1996) bụ onye France na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi ihe nkiri.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Silberfeld bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye nduzi ihe nkiri [[Rahmatou Keita]] na onye nta akụkọ French [[Antoine Silber]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|language=fr|first=Megan|author=Arnaud|title=Le fardeau de la couleur de peau|work=[[Le Temps]]|date=18 March 2019|url=https://www.letemps.ch/culture/fardeau-couleur-peau-0|accessdate=4 October 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFArnaud2019&quot;&gt;Arnaud, Megan (18 March 2019). [https://www.letemps.ch/culture/fardeau-couleur-peau-0 &quot;Le fardeau de la couleur de peau&quot;]. ''[[Oge|Le Temps]]'' (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 October&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị n'ógbè ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. Silberfeld tolitere&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|first=Léa|author=Movia|title=Interview de Magaajyia Silberfeld, réalisatrice et actrice|url=https://fr.petitsfrenchies.com/interview-de-magaajyia-silberfeld-realisatrice-et-actrice/|work=Les Petits Frenchies|date=26 January 2017|accessdate=4 October 2020|archivedate=21 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021165426/https://fr.petitsfrenchies.com/interview-de-magaajyia-silberfeld-realisatrice-et-actrice/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMovia2017&quot;&gt;Movia, Léa (26 January 2017). . ''Les Petits Frenchies'' (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 October&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; France mana ọ gara Gris, Niger, na Mali ugboro ugboro, ma biri na Los Angeles ruo afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Magaajyia Silberfeld|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=50886|work=Africultures|accessdate=4 October 2020|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na 2011, na La Lisière . [1]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|first=Marie-Claude|author=Martin|title=Le FIFF offre une carte blanche à 16 actrices noires et métisses|url=https://www.rts.ch/info/culture/cinema/10298663-le-fiff-offre-une-carte-blanche-a-16-actrices-noires-et-metisses.html|work=[[Radio télévision suisse|RTS]]|date=18 March 2019|accessdate=4 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụrụ ihe nkiri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Comédiennes - Magaajyia Silberfeld|url=http://www.filmtalents.com/fiche.cfm/115_1-628549-magaajyia_silberfeld.html|work=FilmTalents.com|accessdate=4 October 2020|archivedate=22 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222074707/http://www.filmtalents.com/fiche.cfm/115_1-628549-magaajyia_silberfeld.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lee Strasberg Institute na 2013, na Playhouse West Repertory Theater na 2014 na Susan Batson Studio na 2015. [1] [2] Mgbe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Magaajyia Silberfeld|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/magaajyia-silberfeld/|work=African Film Festival|accessdate=4 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị afọ iri na asatọ, o dere ma duzie ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ ya, Me There ma duzie Ride or Die nke gosipụtara Piper de Palma na Roxane Depardieu.

N'afọ 2016, Silberfeld nwere ọrụ mbụ ya na The Wedding Ring, nke nne ya duziri ma kwado kpamkpam site na ego Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; na-eme Tiyaa, nwa agbọghọ na-aga ịmụ ihe na France ma hụ nwoke si n'ezinụlọ a ma ama n'anya. Ihe nkiri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|language=fr|first=Agnès|author=Faivre|title=Cinéma - Oscars 2019 : « Zin'naariyâ ! » de Rahmatou Keïta dans la course|work=[[Le Point]]|date=12 April 2018|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/cinema-oscars-2019-zin-naariya-de-rahmatou-keita-dans-la-course-03-12-2018-2276300_3.php|accessdate=4 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ghọrọ ihe nkiri Naijiria mbụ a ga-eme na Academy Awards.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;'afọ 2017, o duziri ihe nkiri ya dị mkpirikpi bụ Vagabonds, nke Danny Glover so na ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;karolle&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Karolle|first=Vane|title=Radar - Magaajyia Silberfeld|url=https://www.globetrottermag.com/news-features/2017/4/3/magaajyia-silberfeld|accessdate=4 October 2020|work=Globetrotter Magazine|date=3 April 2017|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023235546/https://www.globetrottermag.com/news-features/2017/4/3/magaajyia-silberfeld|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;'otu afọ ahụ, Silberfeld nwetara akara ugo mmụta nkà ihe ọmụma na Sorbonne . [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;'oge ọ nọ na kọleji, ọ mụtara Bekee site na ikiri ihe nkiri America.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi n'oge 2019 Fribourg International Film Festival ma kwado Charter for Equality and Diversity .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LE FIFF s'engage pour la parité|work=[[Fribourg International Film Festival]]|url=https://www.fiff.ch/fr/le-fiff-sengage-pour-la-parite|language=fr|accessdate=4 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silberfeld gosipụtara ihe ngosi nne ya ''[[Al’lèèssi... Une actrice africaine|Al'lèèssi...]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; actrice africaine (2004), onyinyo nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria Zalika Souley . [1]

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot; J'aimerais qu'on en arrive un jour à ne plus regarder les couleurs de peau &quot;|url=https://dieses.fr/jaimerais-quon-en-arrive-un-jour-a-ne-plus-regarder-les-couleurs-de-peau|author=Paul Tommasi|work=Dièses|date=7 April 2021|accessdate=2 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2021, ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-ewere ihe ngosi ya site n'aka Doris Payne, onye ohi diamond dị afọ 90 nke Africa-America nwere ọbara ụmụ amaala America.

== Ihe nkiri ==

* 2011: La Lisière (onye na-eme ihe nkiri) 
* 2014: Me There (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, onye edemede / onye nduzi) 
* 2015: Ride or Die (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, onye nduzi) 
* 2016: The Wedding Ring (onye na-eme ihe nkiri) 
* 2017: Vagabonds (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, onye edemede / onye nduzi) 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [[imdbname:6179266|Magaajyia Silberfeld]] na Internet Movie Database[[IMDb|Ebe nchekwa data ihe nkiri n'ịntanetị]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;malitere ime ihe nkiri na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị malitere ime ihe nkiri na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị n'ógbè ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. n'ógbè ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu.
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    <title>Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ala</title>
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&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sasman|first=Catherine|date=September 25, 2008|title=Namibia: Documentary Film Examines Land Reform|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200809250408.html|work=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ihe nkiri Land Matters bụ ihe nkiri 2009 nke Thorsten Schütte [1] duziri nke na-na-egosi ike ala Namibia na-enwe na mpaghara ndị ọrụ ugbo.  Ihe nkiri a na-egosi onye ọnụ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche na ngwaahịa, yana ndị ọkpọ na ndị na-akwado maka okwu ala.  Ihe nkiri a na-egosi ihe mere eme, ndị agha, akụ na-ahụ, na mba na eze nke iwu ala, yana ihe ịma aka na ọ na-enye maka ngwaọrụ Namibia &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Buchdepot|first=Namibiana|title=The land Matters a film by|url=http://www.stolenmoments.info/|work=Stolenmoments|access-date=2024-03-08|archive-date=2023-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909095741/http://www.stolenmoments.info/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Schütte, Nomad Films, na fim ya na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Namibia na ụlọ ọrụ nkiri Namibia mere ihe nkiri a.  [1] Ndị ọrụ Federal Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development na Goethe-Institut akwụkwọ ya.  A gbara ihe nkiri a n'ebe dị iche iche n'ofe Namibia, Windhoek, Otjiwarongo, Grootfontein, Tsumeb, Oshakati, na Keetmanshoop .  Ihe nkiri a na-enye ndepụta okwu n'asụsụ Bekee, German na French, yana egwuregwu olu na Afrikaans. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Land matters: Documentary by Thorsten Schütte|url=https://www.kasa.de/arbeitsbereiche-der-kasa/landfrage/land-matters/|work=Ƙasa.de|accessdate=2024-03-08|archivedate=2024-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227212335/https://www.kasa.de/arbeitsbereiche-der-kasa/landfrage/land-matters/}}&lt;/ref&gt;A tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ na Namibia na September 2009, ma ihe ngosi mmemme ihe nkiri na ihe omume, dị ka Africa na Motion Film Festival na Edinburgh, Afrika Filmfestival na Leuven, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, na Berlinale Forum.  Ihe nkiri ahụ nsogbu dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ na ndị na-ege ntĩ, bụ ndị toro ụzọ ziri ezi na nhụsianya ya edi okwu ala ahụ, yana ቀድ cinematic ya na ịma mma ya.  Ihe sochiri ihe nkiri ahụ bụ ihe nke de ike omume na okwu ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụdị dị iche iche na Namibia &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Beukes|first=Jemima|date=March 15, 2013|title=Namibia: Land Matters in Arts Exhibition Launched|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201303150922.html|work=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOCAL Awards 2023 Shortlisted Nominees|url=https://focalint.org/awards/2023-nominees|work=Focalint}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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{{Infobox person|name=Sotigui Kouyate|image=&lt;!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt;|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date|1936|7|19|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Bamako]], Mali|death_date={{Death date and age|2010|4|17|1936|7|19|df=y}}|death_place=[[Paris]], France|nationality=|other_names=|known_for=|occupation=Actor}}

'''Sotigui Kouyaté''' (19 Julaị 1936 – 17 mota 2010) [1] bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri Malian Burkinabé .  [2] Ọ bụ nna onye ntụziaka ihe nkiri Dani Kouyaté, nke onye na-akọ ọmụmụ Hassane Kassi Kouyaté na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Mabô Kouyaté [2] ma bụrụ onye otu ụdị Mandinka . 

Ndị otu agbụrụ ma ọ bụ ebo Kouyaté abụrụla [[Griot|ndị griot]] maka usoro eze Keita kemgbe opekata mpe narị afọ nke 13.  Ndị Kouyatés na-echekwa omenala, na ihe ọmụma ha nwere ikike n'etiti Mandinkas..&lt;ref name=&quot;Gugler38&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Gugler|2003|p=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; Keitas ga-enye Kouyatés ihe eji enyere ndụ aka, onye n'aka nke ya ekwesịghị ịla azụ ịrịọ maka enyemaka Keita.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gugler38&quot; /&gt; Okwu Kouyaté sụgharịrị dịka &quot;ihe nzuzo dị n'etiti mụ na gị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gugler38&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Sotigui Kouyaté na [[Mali]] nye ndị nne na nna [[Guinea]] ma bụrụ Burkinabé site na nkuchi.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-enwe mmasị na egwuregwu [[koteba]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001237/123798e.pdf |title=Sotigui Kouyaté : The wise man of the stage |last=Guttman|first=Cynthia|newspaper=[[UNESCO]] Courier|date=October 2001|access-date=24 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ gbara otu mgbe na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Burkina Faso .&lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot; /&gt; Kouyaté malitere ọrụ ihe nkiri ya na 1966, mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye ndụmọdụ eze na egwuregwu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke enyi ya Boubacar Dicko mere.&lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot; /&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na mmadụ 25 ma n'oge na-adịghị anya dee egwuregwu mbụ ya, ''The Crocodile's Lament'' .&lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot; /&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Gugler38&quot; /&gt;Kouyaté na Peter Brook na-arụkọ ọrụ na ihe nkiri ya na ihe nkiri nkiri ha na-ahụ ibe ha mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ na Brook's adaptation of the Indian epic The Mahabharata na 1983. [1] Kouyaté a pụtawo n'ihe abụ ihe  nkiri iri na abụọ, na nso nso a dị ka ike na Jenesis na Alioune na obere Senegal .  [2] Kouyaté isi ọrụ etiti nke Djeliba Kouyaté na ihe nkiri Dani Kouyaté nke 1995 Keïta!  l'Héritage du griot, agwa a na-eche dị ka agadi nwoke na-anwụ anwụ site n'aka nwa ya nwoke, ọ bụ ebe na a igwe dị ka ike nke ahụ.  [2] Okenye Kouyaté na-egwukwa egwu, egwu dị mfe na kora ma ọ bụ ọjà .

Site na 1990 ruo 1996 Kouyaté gara United States na Europe dị ka akụkụ nke La Voix du Griot (&quot;Voice of the Griot&quot;), ihe ngosi ihe nkiri akụkọ akụkọ ọ tọrọ ntọala.  Mgbe a jụrụ ya na ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara n'October 2001 ma ọ chere na ọ na-ebu ozi sitere n'Africa, ọ zara:
 
.Na 2009, Kouyaté meri agba agba ọcha na Berlinale Filmfestival maka ime ihe nkiri ya.  Ọ gbara akparamagwa nwoke na ihe nkiri Rachid Bouchareb London River, gbasara ogbunigwe nke London 2005 .  Na 17 2010, ọ nwụrụ na Paris 

'''''Sotigui Kouyate:''''' '''''Griot ọgbara ọhụrụ'''''

Onye isi: Mahamat-Saleh Haroun Site: Chad/France Afọ: 1996 Nkeji: 58 Asụsụ: French nwere ndepụta okwu Bekee Genre: Documentary

* Nhọpụta gọọmentị, Ememme Nkiri Africa Diaspora 2007

Mgbe ọ na-eme ihe nkiri The Mahabharata, onye ọbịa Peter Brook gara n'ihu na ụlọ ihe nkiri na-achọ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ka onye otu n'ime ọrụ ndị isi, Bhishma the sage.  &quot;Ahụrụ m otu mgbọ osisi na nwoke toro ogologo ma dị gịrịgịrị dị ka a, nwere ikike na fim mma iche iche. Ọ bụ Sotigui,&quot; ka Brook na-echeta na akwụkwọ akụkọ a onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Amụrụ  na 1936 na Bamako (Mali), Kouyaté sitere na ama ama nke griots - ndị isi okwu bụ ndị na-agụ ọdịnala, ndị agha ihe mere eme, ndị isi emu, ndị ndu, ndị ogbugbo, ndị na-abụ abụ abụ.  na ndị na-egwu egwu.  nile, bụ ndị ọ bụ onye nduzi nke ọnụ ụzọ.  na-edu na Names Live Nowhere nke ọ na-agba ọsọ ndị Africa kwabatara na Belgium ma na-akakọ ha nanị dị ka griot. nwere ike.

Site na ahụmahụ nke Peter Brook, Jean-Claude Carriere, Jean-Pierre Guigane na Sotigui Kouyate n'onwe ya, Sotigui Kouyate: Modern Griot na-eji ejiji nke otu onye na-eme ihe nkiri Africa ugbu a dabere na Paris.  Site n'Afrika ruo Europe, ihe nkiri ahụ na-ahụ ọtụtụ ego nke Sotigui Kouyate, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-egwu egwu na griot ọgbara ọhụrụ.  Onye mmeri ACCT ihe nrite na Amiens Film Festival, 1996.

&quot;N'agbanyeghị afọ ole na ole site n'iche na ọrụ na-agbasa ọtụtụ omenala, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Malian Sotigui Kouyaté ahapụ ozi ya kacha mkpa: nchekwa ihe gbasara omenala ndụ nke Africa na  ihe ọkụ ọkụ na-ezute n'ofe kọntinent.&quot; - Cynthia Guttman, UNESCO Courier .

== Filmografii ahọpụtara ==

* 2008: ''Osimiri London''
* 2007: ''[[Faro, Chi nwanyị nke Mmiri]]''
* 2005: ''Mkpịsị aka mgbanaka''
* 2004:&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwdQ&quot;&gt;Jenesis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (ihe nkiri 2004)
* 2002:&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mweA&quot;&gt;Dirty Pretty Things&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (ihe nkiri)
* 2001: ''[[Sia, Nrọ nke Python|Sia, The Dream of the Python]]''
* 2001:&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwfg&quot;&gt;obere Senegal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (ihe nkiri)
* 1999:&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwgQ&quot;&gt;Jenesis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (ihe nkiri 1999)
* 1997: ''[[Keita! Ihe Nketa nke griot|Keïta!]]'' ''[[Keita! Ihe Nketa nke griot|l'Héritage du griot]]''
* 1996: ''Osisi mmadụ''
* 1993: ''Echefuola na Transit''
* 1992: ''Golem, Mụọ nke Nchụpụ''
* 1992: ''IP5: L'île aux pachydermes''
* 1989: ''Mahabharata''
* 1973: ''Toula ou Le génie des eaux''
* 1972: ''Ụmụ nwanyị ụgbọ ala Villas Ego''

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==

*  

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|0468130}}
{{Silver Bear for Best Actor}}{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Eze Nwanyị Worlu</title>
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&lt;ref name=&quot;psn&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cs&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;von&quot; /&gt;Queen Imaria Worlu (Eprel 4, 1960 - Julaị 9, 2018) bụ onye isi anya ọrụ Naijiria.  Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye akụkụ anya Nigeria na agbataobi São Tomé na Principe site na 2017 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2018

== Biography na ọrụ ==
. &lt;ref name=&quot;von&quot; /&gt;A xariir Worlu na Benin City, Edo State, 4, 1960, nye Chief Christopher Osifo na Ijose Ogiamen.  [1] Ọ bụ nwa nke atọ nne na nna ya hụ.  [1] Worlu debara aha na St Maria Goretti College na Benin City, nke o ikike Asambodo ulo akwukwo nke West African (WASC) na 1975. [1] Ọ gara Idi College dị na Benin City ụlọ na 1977, nke mere ka a nabata  ya na Mahadum Lagos, nakwa na 1977

. &lt;ref name=&quot;von&quot; /&gt;Worlu ihe nzere bachelọ nke Arts na philosophy na Mahadum Lagos na 1981. [1] Ọ ngwaọrụ na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) site na 1981 ruo 1982 ka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ wee ziga ya na Jos na Plateau State .

. &lt;ref name=&quot;psn&quot; /&gt;Queen Worlu mechara gụchaa diplọma ya n'ihe gbasara mba ụwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi mba ofesi dị na Lagos .  [1] N'oge ọrụ diplomatic ya, Worlu akara akara ule postgraduate ọzọ na nkà ntoju site na Redeemer's University Nigeria, mgbochi na Protocol Service Duties mgbe ọ nọ na Rome, na Master's in Business Administration (MBA) site na Shobhit Institute  nke Engineering &amp; Technology na Meerut, India

&lt;ref name=&quot;psn&quot; /&gt;N'afọ 1987, Worlu sonyeere ndị ọrụ mba ofesi ụgbọ .  [1] Ọ jere ozi na ọrụ mba ofesi na Ministry of Foreign Affairs ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2018. [1] Edere Worlu ka ọ bụrụ onye ọrụ anya na Embassy nke Nigeria na Lisbon, Portugal, site na 1998 ruo 2003. [  1] [2] O so aka na ogbako udo na nzuko nke United Nations na Ghana, Liberia na Sierra Leone

. &lt;ref name=&quot;psn&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cs&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's Ambassador To Sao Tome, Queen Worlu Imaria Dies|url=http://cityscoopng.com/new/2018/07/11/nigerias-ambassador-to-sao-tome-queen-worlu-imaria-dies/|work=City Scoop|date=2018-07-11|accessdate=2018-08-07|archive-date=2018-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807214716/http://cityscoopng.com/new/2018/07/11/nigerias-ambassador-to-sao-tome-queen-worlu-imaria-dies/|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180807214716/http://cityscoopng.com/new/2018/07/11/nigerias-ambassador-to-sao-tome-queen-worlu-imaria-dies/ &quot;Nigeria's Ambassador To Sao Tome, Queen Worlu Imaria Dies&quot;]. ''City Scoop''. 2018-07-11.  from the original on 2018-08-07&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2018-08-07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;von&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Ugo|author=Okoro|title=Nigeria's Ambassador To Sao Tome, Queen Worlu Imaria Dies|url=https://www.von.gov.ng/sao-tome-and-principe-ambassador-laid-to-rest/|work=[[Voice of Nigeria]]|date=2018-08-27|accessdate=2018-08-07|archive-date=2018-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807215244/https://www.von.gov.ng/sao-tome-and-principe-ambassador-laid-to-rest/|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOkoro2018&quot;&gt;Okoro, Ugo (2018-08-27). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180807215244/https://www.von.gov.ng/sao-tome-and-principe-ambassador-laid-to-rest/ &quot;Nigeria's Ambassador To Sao Tome, Queen Worlu Imaria Dies&quot;]. ''[[Olu nke Naijiria|Voice of Nigeria]]''.  from the original on 2018-08-07&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2018-08-07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;Na June 2014, e mmetụta Worlu na Nigeria High Commission na New Delhi, India, dị ka onye na-ahụ maka azụmahịa na mberede.  [1] A kwalitere ịbụ osote onye isi kọmishọna n'oge ọrụ ya na New Delhi, nke dịgidere site na 2014 ruo 2015. [1] Dị ka osote onye isi kọmishọna na India, ọ debere dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ High.  Commissioner n'ọtụtụ oge site na 2015 ruo 2016.

. &lt;ref name=&quot;psn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's ambassador to Sao Tome and Principe, Queen Imaria Worlu is dead|url=https://persecondnews.com/2018/07/nigerias-ambassador-to-sao-tome-and-principe-queen-imaria-worlu-is-dead/|work=Per Second News|date=2018-07-10|accessdate=2018-08-07}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://persecondnews.com/2018/07/nigerias-ambassador-to-sao-tome-and-principe-queen-imaria-worlu-is-dead/ &quot;Nigeria's ambassador to Sao Tome and Principe, Queen Imaria Worlu is dead&quot;]. ''Per Second News''. 2018-07-10. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180723034252/https://persecondnews.com/2018/07/nigerias-ambassador-to-sao-tome-and-principe-queen-imaria-worlu-is-dead/ Archived] from the original on 2018-07-23&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2018-08-07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cs&quot;/&gt;N'afọ 2017, Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari mgbaàmà Worlu ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla nke Nigeria na São Tomé na Principe .  O jigidere onye akụkụ anya ya ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Julaị 2018

. &lt;ref name=&quot;von&quot; /&gt;Queen Worlu nwụrụ n'oge biputere ya na São Tomé na Julaị 9, 2018, mgbe ọ dị afọ 58, na-esote ọrịa dị ike.  [1] [2] [3] Ọ bụ di ya, Sampson O. Worlu, onye bụbu onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Voice of Nigeria, na ụmụ ha nwoke atọ - Jesse, Chizi na Chituga .  [3] E liri ya na Abuja ka e mechara olili ya na Julaị 27, 2018.{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:1960 births]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hadiza Shagari</title>
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      <text bytes="2915" sha1="7ltdbbmbor1i9yse3gchk6tegbv907d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Hadiza Shagari|image=|caption=|birth_name=Hadiza Dawaiya|birth_date={{birth based on age as of date|80|2021|8|12|noage=1}}|birth_place=|death_date=12 August 2021 (aged 80)|death_place=[[Abuja]], [[Nigeria]]|alma_mater=}}

'''Hadiza Dawaiya Shagari''', nke a dị ka Hadiza Shehu Shagari (1940/41 - 12 Ọgọst 2021) bụ onye ọha na eze Naijiria, bụbu First Lady of Nigeria site na 1979 ruo 1983, na Shehu Shagari . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50042754|title=Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria)|isbn=978-129-932-0|location=Ibadan|oclc=50042754}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya na ndị nke abụọ Shehu Shagari ndị ọzọ, Hadiza Shagari jere ozi dị ka mbụ nke Naijiria mgbe di ya chịgoro ụzọ site na 1 October 1979 ruo 31 December 1983. &lt;ref name=&quot;pn&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot; /&gt;

Hadiza Dawaiya zutere ya, Shehu Shagari, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ozizi na onye òtù Federal Scholarship Board na Sokoto Province (ugbu a Sokoto State ). &lt;ref name=&quot;pn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=Former Nigerian First Lady dies of COVID-19 in Abuja|url=https://politicsnigeria.com/hadiza-shagari-is-dead/|work=[[Politics Nigeria]]|date=2021-08-12|accessdate=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170811/https://politicsnigeria.com/hadiza-shagari-is-dead/|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170811/https://politicsnigeria.com/hadiza-shagari-is-dead/ &quot;Former Nigerian First Lady dies of COVID-19 in Abuja&quot;]. ''[[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa|Politics Nigeria]]''. 2021-08-12.  from the original on 2021-08-12&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-09-02&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ha lụrụ na 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;pn&quot; /&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=Shagari wife dies: Former First Lady of Nigeria Hadiza Shehu Shagari die of Covid|url=https://politicsnigeria.com/hadiza-shagari-is-dead/|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2021-08-12|accessdate=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170811/https://politicsnigeria.com/hadiza-shagari-is-dead/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hadiza Shagari gburugburu site na nsogbu nke COVID-19 na Gwagwalada Isolation Center dị na Abuja n'ihe dịka elekere atọ nke ụtụtụ na 12 Ọgọst 2021. [1] [2] Ọ dị afọ iri .  E mere olili ya n'iche alakụba nke Abuja na 12 Ọgọst n'elekere anɔ nke ebe [1] [2] Di ya bụbu onye isi ala Shehu Shagari nwụrụ n'afọ 2018.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}} {{S-start}}
{{S-hon}}
{{Succession box|title=[[First Lady of Nigeria]]|before=[[Esther Oluremi Obasanjo]]|after=[[Safinatu Buhari]]|years=1 October 1979 – 31 December 1983}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kadiatou Camara</title>
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      <text bytes="5313" sha1="f1gan46m07x19p9siqvpyie6nkji0xt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Kadiatou Camara''' (amụrụ na ya n’ubochi 4 Mee n’afo 1981 na obodo Ségou) bụ onye na-agba ọsọ na obodo [[Mali]] lara ezumike nká nke bụ ọkachamara na mita 200. Ọ na-asọ mpi n'oge gara aga na ịwụli elu ogologo.

== Ihe ndekọ asọmpi ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{MLI}}
|-
|1998
|[[1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Annecy]], [[France]]
|41st (h)
|200m
|[[1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|25.88]]&lt;small&gt;(wind: -0.2&amp;nbsp;m/s)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1999
|rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] 
|rowspan=2|[[Johannesburg, South Africa]]
|16th (sf)
|100 m
|[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's 100 metres|11.99]]
|-
|11th
|Long jump
|[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's long jump|5.90 m]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2000
|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] 
|[[Sydney]], [[Australia]]
|46th (h)
|100 m
|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|11.65]]
|-
|[[2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Santiago]], [[Chile]]
|20th (qf)
|100m
|[[2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.93]]&lt;small&gt;(wind: +0.3&amp;nbsp;m/s)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2001
|rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] 
|rowspan=2|[[Ottawa, Canada]]
|11th (sf)
|100 m
|[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|11.87]]
|-
|10th (h)
|200 m
|[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|24.05]]
|-
|[[2001 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] 
|[[Edmonton]], [[Canada]]
|38th (h)
|100 m
|[[2001 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.89]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2002
|rowspan=2|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] 
|rowspan=2|[[Radès]], [[Tunisia]]
|12th (h)
|100 m
|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.86]]
|-
|7th
|Long jump
|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|5.71 m]]
|-
|rowspan=5|2003
|[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] 
|[[Birmingham]], [[United Kingdom]]
|27th (h)
|60 m
|[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres|7.42]]
|-
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] 
|[[Paris]], [[France]]
|28th (qf)
|100 m
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.73]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] 
|rowspan=2|[[Abuja, Nigeria]]
|10th (sf)
|100 m
|[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games – Women's 100 metres|11.67]]
|-
|5th
|Long jump
|[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games – Women's long jump|6.18 m]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games|Afro-Asian Games]] 
|[[Hyderabad]], India
|4th
|Long jump
|[[Athletics at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games – Results#Long jump 2|6.30 m]]
|-
|rowspan=5|2004
|[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] 
|[[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]
|24th (sf)
|60 m
|[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres|7.47]]
|-
|rowspan=3|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] 
|rowspan=3|[[Brazzaville]], [[Congo-Brazzaville|Congo]]
|7th (sf)
|100 m
|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.57]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot;  | 2nd
|200 m
|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|23.22]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot;  | 2nd
|Long jump
|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|6.29 m]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] 
|[[Athens]], [[Greece]]
|36th (h)
|200 m
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres|23.56]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|rowspan=2|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] 
|rowspan=2|[[Bambous, Mauritius|Bambous]], [[Mauritius]]
|6th
|100 m
|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|12.10]]
|-
|4th
|200 m
|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|23.47]]
|-
|2007
|[[2007 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] 
|[[Osaka]], [[Japan]]
|32nd (h)
|200 m
|[[2007 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|23.48]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2008
|[[2008 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] 
|[[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]]
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; | 2nd
|200 m
|[[2008 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|22.70]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] 
|[[Beijing]], [[China]]
|17th (qf)
|200 m
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres|23.06]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2009
|rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] 
|rowspan=2|[[Beirut, Lebanon]]
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; | 2nd
|100 m
|[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|11.73]] (w)
|-
|4th
|200 m
|[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|23.88]]
|}

* 60 Mita 60- 7.35 sekọnd (2003, n'ime ụlọ) 
* 100 mita - 11.48 sekọnd (2005) 
* 200 mita - 22.70 s (2008) 
* Ịwụli elu ogologo - 6.53 m (2003) 
* Ugboro atọ - 12.90 m (2004) 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndị Arịrịọ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="5876" sha1="21ts5601ffac76q2srhlgwpv5cnfz7s" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{| class=&quot;infobox vevent&quot; style=&quot;width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic&quot; |Ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ (Ndị Ngwụrọ)
|- class=&quot;mw-file-description&quot; href=&quot;./File:Les_Mendiants_-_Pieter_Brueghel_l'Ancien_-_Musée_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_730.jpg&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Les_Mendiants_-_Pieter_Brueghel_l'Ancien_-_Musée_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_730.jpg|350x350px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | Onye na-ese ihe
| class=&quot;infobox-data attendee&quot; | [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder|Pieter Bruegel onye okenye]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | Afọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 1568
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; | [[Oil painting|Mmanụ]] na panel
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | Akụkụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 18.5&amp;nbsp;cm&amp;#x20;×&amp;nbsp;21.5&amp;nbsp;cm&amp;#x20;(7.3&amp;nbsp;n'ime&amp;#x20;×&amp;nbsp;8.5&amp;nbsp;n'ime)
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | [[Louvre]], [[Paris]]
|}
'''''Ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ''''' ma ọ bụ '''''The Cripples''''' bụ mmanụ na-ahụ maka mmanụ site n'aka onye na-ese ihe Renaissance Netherlandish Pieter Bruegel the Elder, nke e sere na 1568. Ọ dị ugbu a na Louvre na Paris.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Agbalịrị ịkọwa foto nke ndị nwere nkwarụ ise na nwanyị na-arịọ arịrịọ dị ka ihe atụ maka ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme: ọdụ badger, ma ọ bụ ọdụ nkịta ọhịa, na uwe ha nwere ike na-ezo aka na Gueux, otu òtù nnupụisi guzobere megide ọchịchị. nke Philip II nke Spain na Granvelle ; mana ndị a na-emekwa na ''ọgụ Bruegel nke dị n'etiti Carnival na Lent'' na Vienna, nke e dere na 1559. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ abụghị ndị arịrịọ nkịtị, n'ihi na ha na-eyi uwe mkpuchi carnival na-anọchite anya ọkwa dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ: okpueze kaadiboodu (eze), akwụkwọ shako (onye agha), beret (onye bourgeois), okpu (onye ọrụ ugbo), na igwe-elu-igwe (Bishọp). N'ụzọ doro anya, ọrụ a nwere ụfọdụ satirical pụtara, nke na-enwetabeghị nkọwa. Ikekwe ezughị okè anụ ahụ bụ iji gosipụta ndakpọ omume, nke nwere ike imetụta mmadụ niile n'agbanyeghị klaasị.&lt;ref&gt;V. Barker, ''Pieter Bruegel the elder: A study of his paintings'', Arts Publishing Corp. (1926); see also W. S. Gibson, ''Bruegel'', Thames &amp; Hudson Ltd (1977).&lt;/ref&gt;

N'azụ eserese ahụ, e nwere ihe odide abụọ nke yiri ka ọ dị na narị afọ nke 16. Otu dị na Flemish, na n'ọnọdụ nke na-agbaji;&lt;ref&gt;Reconstructed by the Louvre as &quot;Cripples, take heart, and may your affairs prosper.&quot;, cf. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231116190047/https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/beggars Louvre webpage]&lt;/ref&gt; nke ọzọ bụ n'asụsụ Latịn wee dekọọ mmasị ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere n'ebe Bruegel nọ, ''onye nka ya karịrị ihe okike n'onwe ya'' . 

Ihe osise a sitere na njedebe nke ọrụ Bruegel, mgbe o gosipụtara mmasị dị ukwuu na ụwa okike. N'agbanyeghị na ọ dị ntakịrị, ebe a na-ahụ anya site na oghere na-asa ahụ n'ìhè dị nro nke na-emikpu dị ka igirigi n'elu akwụkwọ ya.

== Nkọwa ==
Edere n'azụ ihe osise: [4]&lt;poem&gt;
What nature lacks, is lacking in our art,
So great was the grace accorded to our painter.
Here nature, expressed in painted forms, is astonished
To see through these cripples that Bruegel is her equal.
&lt;/poem&gt;

== Nyocha ==
 
Anya nke oge a nwere ike ịchọ ikwubi na Brugel bu n'obi na-arịọ maka ọmịiko maka ọnọdụ nke ndị nwere nkwarụ, mana site n'echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a agaghị ekwe omume. Ndị Europe n'oge Bruegel ejighị ndị arịrịọ kpọrọ ihe, ihe osise ahụ na-egosikwa na Bruegel na-ekerịta nkwutọ a: ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ahụ dị n'èzí mgbidi obodo, a na-egosipụtakwa ya n'ụzọ dị otú ahụ iji kpasuo nlelị na ntụrụndụ. The foxtail na ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ihe nnọchianya n'oge ịkwa emo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị caricature na ndụ n'ezie. Nwanyị nọ n'azụ ha buru nnukwu efere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ọ pụkwara ịdị ka ọ na-eleghara ndị arịrịọ anya. [5]

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta eserese nke Pieter Bruegel the Elder

== Edensibia ==
mgbidi obodo, a na-egosipụtakwa ya n'ụzọ dị otú ahụ iji kpasuo nlelị na ntụrụndụ. The foxtail na ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ihe nnọchianya n'oge ịkwa emo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị caricature

=== Akpọrọ ọrụ ===
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20231116190047/https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/beggars ''Ndị arịrịọ'' na Louvre]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201114221741/http://www.pieter-bruegel-the-elder.org/ Ọrụ 99 nke Pieter Bruegel the Elder dere]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200813091520/http://www.pieter-bruegel.com/ Ndepụta eserese zuru oke nke gụnyere ilu 100 niile sitere na eserese, na nkọwa (na French).]
* [http://www.art-drawing.ru/biographies/brief-biographies/199-bruegel-peter Creativity Brueghel tọrọ ntọala ụlọ akwụkwọ Netherlands]
* 
* ''[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/97318 Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Eserese na Mbipụta]'', katalọgụ ihe ngosi ederede zuru oke sitere na The Metropolitan Museum of Art, nke gụnyere ihe dị na ''The Beggars'' (lee Crippled Beggars)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>International Development Finance Club</title>
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[[Usòrò:Rue_Barthes_Paris_1.jpg|thumb|260x260px| Echiche nke Roland-Barthes Street, na Paris, ebe IDFC bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ.]]
'''International Development Finance Club''' (IDFC) bụ mmekorita nke ụlọ akụ mmepe nke ebumnuche ha bụ imeju mkpa ibe ha maka mmepe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;WhoWeAre&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who we are - Our vision – collaborating for the common good|url=https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/who-we-are.aspx|work=International Development Finance Club|publisher=IDFC|accessdate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144754/https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/who-we-are.aspx|archivedate=18 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IDFC's Secretariat bụ isi na [[Paris]], n'otu ụlọ ahụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepe French (5 rue Roland-Barthes, Paris).&lt;ref name=&quot;WhoWeAre&quot;/&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere IDFC na 2011 n'oge nzukọ kwa afọ nke International Monetary Fund na [[World Bank]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;IIB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IIB to join International Development Finance Club (IDFC)|url=https://iib.int/en/articles/mib-vstupit-v-mezhdunarodnyi-klub-finansirovaniya-razvitiya-idfc|work=IIB official site|publisher=International Investment Bank|accessdate=18 July 2018|date=21 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye isi oche IDFC ugbu a (a họpụtara na October 2017)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=RÉMY RIOUX, ES NOMBRADO PRESIDENTE DEL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CLUB (IDFC)|url=http://www.afd.fr/es/remy-rioux-es-nombrado-presidente-del-international-development-finance-club-idfc|work=AFD Agence Française de Développement|publisher=AFD|accessdate=18 July 2018|archivedate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144833/http://www.afd.fr/es/remy-rioux-es-nombrado-presidente-del-international-development-finance-club-idfc}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ Rémy Rioux, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ French Development Agency.

== Ndị otu ==
Dịka nke Julaị 2018, IDFC nwere ndị otu 23:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members - Global challenges local know-how|url=https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/members.aspx|work=IDFC official website|publisher=International Development Finance Club|accessdate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144720/https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/members.aspx|archivedate=18 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Nke International Investment Bank kwesịrị isonyere IDFC site na October 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;IIB&quot;/&gt;

== ebumnobi ==

* Ịmata na ịzụlite ohere azụmahịa nkwonkwo&lt;ref name=&quot;objectives&quot; /&gt;
* Ịkekọrịta ahụmịhe na omume kacha mma maka mmụta ibe ya&lt;ref name=&quot;objectives&quot; /&gt;
* Ịtọ ntọala site na ijikọ ike na ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet n'okwu ndị nwere mmasị yiri ya&lt;ref name=&quot;objectives&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our Objectives We aim to serve|url=https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/our-objectives.aspx|work=IDFC official website|publisher=International Development Finance Club|accessdate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144921/https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/our-objectives.aspx|archivedate=18 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Njikọ akụ na ụba ụwa
* Ụlọ ọrụ ego mba ụwa

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 

* [https://www.idfc.org Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị]
* [https://elrovisionltd.com/ Ego SBLC]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240411104055/https://chironprojectsbv.com/financialinstruments.html Akụrụngwa ego]</text>
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    <title>Elizabeth Wood (onye nduzi ụlọ)</title>
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Elizabeth Wood (Eprel 9, 1899 – Jenụarị 16, 1993) bụ onye isi mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Chicago site na 1937 ruo 1954.

A akwụkwọ ya na nne na nna ndị ozi ala ọzọ na Japan, Elizabeth Wood akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Wesleyan Illinois na Mahadum Michigan ebe ọ ama nzere bachelọ na nna ukwu na akwụkwọ okwu.  N'afọ 1928, mgbe ọ charachara Bekee na Vassar College ruo afọ anọ, Wood kwagara Chicago wee ọrụ na Home Modernizing Bureau, òtù azụmahịa.  kaadị a dara na-amayere, Otú ọ dị, n'oge na- map anya mgbe Wood rị ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado ụlọ na onye nhazi.  Wood buru ụzọ ọrụ maka United Charities (ugbu a Family Service Bureau) dị ka onye ọrụ ikpe, ebe ọ na-agakwa ọkụ ihe na Mahadum Chicago's School of Social Service Administration.  [1] Malite na 1934, a na-achọpụta Wood ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụzọ nke Kansụl Housing Metropolitan.  N'oge a ọ jere ozi na Illinois State Housing Board.

== Ndị isi ụlọ obibi Chicago ==
Na 1937, Wood weghaara ọnọdụ onye isi ihe maka ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ obibi Chicago, na-arụ ọrụ njikwa obodo nke ọrụ nke Federal Public Works Administration wuru, akpọ Jane Addams, Julia C. Lathrop na Trumbull Park Homes.  [1] Site na foto ya na onye isi obodo Edward Kelly, a na-akwado Wood na-agba ọsọ ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ nrụrụ aka na-agwụ ike na- ,chọkọ ihe iwe ọsọ nke inye ụlọ dị elu, nke , nke ,Nke ngwaahịa,  .  [2] Osisi gbara ọtụtụ ọgba aghara na egwuregwu na ụlọ nkwado ọhụrụ, nke mbụ na Southwest n'ịkpọ ụgbọ elu na 1946, Southside Fernwood Homes na 1947, na Park Manor na 1949. [3] Onye na-akwado ọrụ ndị dị  ala gbasasịrị n'obodo niile, Wood na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Ngalaba Parks iji mesie ndị nwe ụlọ ahụ ikike zuru oke ma, maka iwu obodo na ebe omenala na ụlọ.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lambert|first=Bruce|date=January 17, 1993|title=Elizabeth Wood, 93, Innovator In Early Days of Public Housing|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/17/us/elizabeth-wood-93-innovator-in-early-days-of-public-housing.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=March 19, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mgbe Mayor Kelly ọrụ, na-esochi awụ nke ogu na-emekarị ihe ike ya na ndị otu kansụl obodo ịmachi ụlọ obibi ọhụrụ na mpaghara ndị ojii, ahụrụ Wood na CHA na 1954. Wood ọrụ mechara ọrụ maka ndị ji ụgwọ na  -ahụ Maka Ndị Obodo na Ndị Ozi Ọrụ Citizens Housing na Planning Council na New York City na site na 1965 ruo 1972 ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye onye na Ngalaba Housing na Urban Development n'okpuru Johnson na Nixon

== Ihe nketa ==
Elizabeth Wood Park dị na Chicago ka aha ya bụ n'afọ 2004 ka ọ bụrụ ihe akaebe nye nraranye osisi nye obodo ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.metroplanning.org/news/article/3242|title=Chicago Park District Renames Park after First MPC Executive Director|author=Burrell Booth|first=Mandy|date=October 14, 2004|publisher=Metropolitan Planning Council|accessdate=March 19, 2009|archivedate=October 7, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007052110/http://www.metroplanning.org/news/article/3242}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/253.html|title=Chicago Housing Authority|author=Choldin|first=Harvey M.|work=Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=[[Chicago Historical Society]]|accessdate=March 19, 2009|archive-date=August 20, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820012245/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/253.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://chicagotribute.org/Markers/Wood.htm|title=Elizabeth Wood|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|work=Chicago Tribute Markers of Distinction|publisher=[[Government of Chicago|Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events]]|accessdate=March 19, 2009}}
[[Òtù:Aha]]</text>
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    <title>Ambesse Tolosa</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Ambesse Tolosa''' (amụrụ 28 Ọgọst 1977 na Shewa ) bụ onye Etiopia na- agba ọsọ ogologo oge, bụ ọkachamara n'ọsọ marathon .

Tolosa nwalere ihe ọma maka ihe ndị amachibidoro na February 2008 wee nweta mmachibido iwu afọ abụọ site na asọmpi asọmpi. Ihe dị na sistemu ya ( morphine ) abụghị ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ma Tolosa kwuru na ọ maghị ka o siri banye n'ime ahụ ya, mana iwu IAAF kwuru na ndị egwuregwu na-enweta mmachibido iwu n'agbanyeghị ebumnuche ya.&lt;ref&gt;Monti, David (2008-06-26). [http://www.runnersweb.com/running/rw_news_frameset.html?http://www.runnersweb.com/running/news_2008/rw_news_20080626_RRW_Tolosa.html Athletics: Tolosa Claims Innocence]. Runners Web. Retrieved on 2009-11-07.&lt;/ref&gt; A kagburu nsonaazụ ya sitere na 9 Disemba 2007 gawa,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=0/athcode=172320/index.html Biography Tolosa Ambesse]. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2009-11-07.&lt;/ref&gt; nke gụnyere mmeri ya na Marathon Honolulu n'afọ ahụ.

== Mmezu ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{ETH}}
|-
|1998
|[[Hokkaido Marathon]]
|[[Sapporo, Japan]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | 1st
|Marathon
|2:10:13 
|-
|1999
|[[1999 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] 
|[[Seville, Spain]]
|13th
|[[1999 World Championships in Athletics – Men's Marathon|Marathon]]
|2:16:45
|-
|rowspan=2|2000
|[[2000 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]]
|[[Vilamoura]]
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; | 2nd
|Team
|
|-
|[[Rotterdam Marathon]] 
|[[Rotterdam, Netherlands]]
|8th
|Marathon
|2:10:57
|-
|2001
|[[Beijing Marathon]]
|[[Beijing]], [[PR China]]
|5th
|Marathon
|2:10:37
|-
|2002
|[[Amsterdam Marathon]] 
|[[Amsterdam, Netherlands]]
|7th
|Marathon
|2:10:09 
|-
|2003
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Paris]], [[France]]
|19th
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics – Men's Marathon|Marathon]]
|2:12:19
|-
|rowspan=2|2004
|[[Paris Marathon]]
|[[Paris]], [[France]]
|bgcolor=gold | 1st
|Marathon
|'''2:08:56'''
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Athens]], [[Greece]]
|15th
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|Marathon]]
|2:15:39
|-
|2005
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]
|19th
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Men's Marathon|Marathon]]
|2:16:36 
|-
|rowspan=3|2006
|[[Rock 'n' Roll San Diego Marathon]]
|[[San Diego, California|San Diego, United States]]
|bgcolor=gold | 1st
|Marathon
|2:10:08
|-
|[[Tokyo Marathon]]
|[[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|bgcolor=gold | 1st
|Marathon
|2:08:58
|-
|[[Honolulu Marathon]]
|[[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]]
|bgcolor=gold | 1st
|Marathon
|2:13:42
|-
|2007
|[[2007 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] 
|[[Osaka, Japan]]
|38th
|Marathon
|[[2007 World Championships in Athletics – Men's Marathon|2:30:20]]
|}

== Ihe kacha mma nkeonwe ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%;&quot; width=&quot;80%&quot;
!Elu
! Ihe omume
! Oge (h:min:s)
! Ebe
! Ụbọchị
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Ụzọ
| 10 km
| 27:56
| Groesbeek, Netherlands
| Ọnwa Isii 10, 2000
|-
| Ọkara marathon
| 1:02:19
| Brussels, Belgium
| 5 Mee 2002
|-
| 25 km
| 1:15:31
| Tokyo, Japan
| Ọnwa Abụọ 12, 2006
|-
| 30 km
| 1:30:43
| Rotterdam, Netherlands
| Eprel 24, 2002
|-
| Marathon
| 2:08:56
| Paris, France
| Eprel 4, 2004
|}

*&lt;small&gt;Ozi niile ewepụtara na profaịlụ IAAF.&lt;/small&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ambesse Tolosa at World Athletics 
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A mụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |23 Julaị 1897&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Bône, Algeria&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nwụrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |15 Eprel 1981&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Paris]], France&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |French
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Fine Arts na Algiers
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọrụ (s) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |Onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese onyinyo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nwunye
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Ossip Zadkine]]
|}
'''Valentine Henriette Prax''', (23 July 1897{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} – 15 Eprel 1981), bu onye nkọwa pụta Frenchi nakwa onye eserese kubist .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Valentine Henriette Prax na Bône (nke bụzi Annaba).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=|first=|title=Prax, Valentine Henriette|year=2011|doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00145672}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ onye [[France]] nke sitere na Catalonia na osote onye nnọchi anya [[Spain]] na Pọtugal na Bône, [1] na nne Marseilles nke sitere na Sicilian. Ọ tolitere na French [[Algeria]], Ugwu Afrika, ebe ọ gụrụ nka na École des Beaux-Arts na Algiers (Ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà eserese) na Algièrs . [1]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Valentine Henriette Prax (1897-1981)|url=https://data.bnf.fr/fr/13016130/valentine_henriette_prax/|work=data.bnf.fr|accessdate=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mezuru nrọ ya ogologo oge ịga Fransi mgbe ọ kwagara Paris na 1919. [1] Mgbe ọ gbazitere obere &quot;ngá nkuwa&quot; nke ụlọ ọrụ ya na ir atọ na ise Rue Rousselet, o kwuru na ọ ghọrọ &quot;nnụnụ a dọtara n'agha maka francs iri ise kwa ọnwa&quot;.  Ọ nọ naanị ya, ihere ma daa ogbenye, mana ọ nọ na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2014-06-26|title=Biography of Valentine Prax|url=https://www.zadkine.paris.fr/en/collections/valentine-prax/biography-valentine-prax|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618113854/https://www.zadkine.paris.fr/en/collections/valentine-prax/biography-valentine-prax|archivedate=2025-06-18|accessdate=2020-05-27|work=Musée Zadkine {{!}} Un atelier-musée|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Valentine Prax - Artists - Hanina Fine Arts|url=http://www.haninafinearts.com/artists/valentine_prax/biography|author=Exhibit-E|work=www.haninafinearts.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere Ossip Zadkine, onye na-ese ihe nke sitere na Russia, onye mere ka ọ mata ụwa dị n'otu nke agbata obi ha Montparnasse. Ha lụrụ n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1920. N'otu afọ ahụ, Prax mere ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya n'otu n'otu na gallery Paris n'ọnwa Eprel.

Ka ọ malitere inweta nkwado n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka nka na Paris, Galerie Berthe Weill wepụtara ihe ngosi maka ya na Jenụwarị 1924.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọgaranya di na nwunye ahụ na-eto eto rịrị elu. N'afọ 1928, di na nwunye ahụ zụrụ ụlọ studio na Paris ma na Septemba 1934 ha nwetara ụlọ ime obodo mebiri emebi nke nwere ike ịnabata ụlọ ọrụ anọ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Fransi, na Les Arques . [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Maka mkpali, Prax tụgharịrị gaa na ndụ obodo dị n'ebe ahụ, na-enyocha &quot;ndụ ndị ọrụ ugbo n'ime obodo n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1937, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ sonye na ngosi Paris.

=== Afọ Agha ===
Mgbe [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] malitere, ndụ nkịtị kwụsịrị. Dị ka Prax si kwuo: &quot;Ozugbo ndị agha Jamani rutere na Paris, echere m na ụzọ ndụ anyị niile nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, yana mmetụta na echiche anyị.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Di ya, Zadkine, onye bụ ọkara onye Juu, gbagara United Steeti maka nchekwa ebe Prax họọrọ ịnọgide na Fransi iji chebe nka na ihe onwunwe di na nwunye ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọ jụrụ ndị Nazi bi na mba ya, ọkachasị ka ha na-eyi egwu ịnapụ ya ụlọ ya na Paris na Les Arques dị ka 'ihe onwunwe ndị Juu.' O jisiri ike chekwaa ihe oyiyi ọla nchara nke di ya site na itinye ha n'okpuru ala nke ndị agbata obi n'okporo ámá ha [1] n'oge ndị Oru Nazi nke Paris, mana o bibiri ihe osise ya &quot;kama ịhụ ka ọchịchị Nazi gbasasịri ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;O desara ụfọdụ ndị a họrọ na nzuzo [./Valentine_Prax#cite_note-:2-5&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

N'ịbụ onye nọpụrụ iche n'ụlọ ya, Prax dara ogbenye ma agụụ na-agụ ya, ọ tụgharịrị gaa na-ese ihe maka nkasi obi. N'afọ 1942, ọ natara ozi na Zadkine ekpebiela ịghara ịlaghachi na ya (ọ na-enwe mmekọrịta ya na onye Amerika na-ese ihe Carol Janeway); n'ikpeazụ, ụdị ihe osise ya gbanwere, na-aghọwanye cubist. Ọ gara n'ihu na akụkọ ifo, na-agbanye n'ihe ncheta Ọjiria ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dara mbà n'obi, o kwupụtara mgbe e mesịrị, &quot;oge agha a bụ nke kachasị mma maka mmepụta nka m&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 1945, o natara ozi teligram site n'aka di ya: &quot;Ajọọ m, ọ dị m mwute ma enweghị ego. Ị nwere obi ụtọ maka m ịlaghachi?&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jacobs|first=Emma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=259xDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=valentine+prax&amp;pg=PT184|title=The Little(r) Museums of Paris: An Illustrated Guide to the City's Hidden Gems|date=2019-06-04|publisher=Running Press|isbn=978-0-7624-6640-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kwetara mana mgbe ọ rutere Fransi, ọ nọ n'ọrịa ọjọọ ma, dị ka ya, enweghị ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;  (Ọ nwụrụ na 25 Nọvemba 1967.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ) 

=== Ihe ngosi ndị e mere mgbe agha ga siri ===
Ka ndụ na-alaghachi n'ọnọdụ ya na France, Prax hụrụ ka ọ bụ ọkachamara na ego ọ na-enweta na-eto. Ọtụtụ ihe ngosi sochiri, gụnyere ụfọdụ na United Steeti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

* Galerie du Faubourg na 1950&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
* Salon des Tuileries na 1951&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
* Salon d'Automne na 1952[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Galerie André Weil na 1954[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Galerie Katia Granoff na 1963 (ihe ngosi nke gosipụtara ihe osise ya iri ise) [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Galerie Chappe-Lautier na Toulouse na 1968 [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Galerie René Drouet na Paris na 1968, 1971 na 1973 [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Obodo Paris Musée d'Art Moderne na 1976 [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Afọ ndị ikpeazụ ===
Prax nwụrụ na 15 Eprel 1981 na Paris&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; nyefee ihe onwunwe ya niile iji kwado ebe ngosi nka ọhụrụ a raara nye ọrụ di ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
[[Usòrò:Musée_Zadkine.jpg|thumb|Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Zadkine, Paris]]
Otu afọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Jacques Chirac, onye bụbu onye isi obodo Paris, meghere Musée Zadkine n'ụlọ ochie nke di na nwunye ahụ na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Kemgbe afọ otu puku narị itoolu iri asatọ na asatọ, e guzobere ebe ngosi nka nke abụọ n'ụlọ ha dị na Les Arques, iji gosipụta ọrụ Prax na Zadkine.

== N'ihe ngosi ==
Enwere ike ịchọta ọrụ Prax na ngosi na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie gburugburu ụwa gụnyere: Musée National d'Art Moderne (Centre Pompidou), Paris; Musée d'Art Modern de la Ville de Paris; Galari ǹkà nke Victoria, Melbourne; Musée Zadkine, Paris; Brussels; Algiers; Amstadam; Geneva; Grenoble, France; na Saint-Etienne, France.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prax {{!}} National Gallery of Victoria|url=https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/?s=Prax|author=|first=|date=|work=www.ngv.vic.gov.au|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-05-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe m si dee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/valentine-henriette-prax/past-auction-results/2 Foto nke ihe osise ya na Artnet.com].
*
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{Infobox person|name=Nahla El Fatiha Naili|image=Nahla El Fatiha Naili.jpg|alt=Nahla El Fatiha Naili in 2018|caption=Naili in 2018|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|11|14}}|birth_place=[[Hydra, Algeria|Hydra]], [[Algeria]]|occupation={{Hlist|Sculptor}}|signature=Signature de Nahla Naili.svg|signature_alt=Nahla El Fatiha Naili}}

'''Nahla El Fatiha Naili''' (n'asụsụ [[Arabic]], na [[Berber languages|Amazigh]]: Nahla El-Fatiḥa Naili, na Tifinagh: Amuru na ụbọchị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Novemba 1986) bụ onye Algeria na-ese ihe.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Naili nwa nwanyị nke Rabah Naili, prọfesọ na injinia eletrọniki na ọkachamara na ihu igwe site na Azefoun na mpaghara Tizi Ouzou, na Hafida Bouhired, onye na-emepụta ihe nlereanya site na El Aouana na Jijel onye ezinụlọ ya bi na Casbah nke Algiers.&lt;ref name=&quot;famillegrandpere&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brahimi|first=Feu Hamidou|date=2008|title=À la mémoire d'un héros|url=https://www.elwatan.com/archives/histoire-archives/a-la-memoire-dun-heros-01-11-2008|language=fr|journal=El Watan|issn=1111-0333|accessdate=21 December 2018|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411054248/https://www.elwatan.com/archives/histoire-archives/a-la-memoire-dun-heros-01-11-2008|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nne na nna Naili gbara alụkwaghịm, ya na nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Arslan Larbi Redouan, kwagara n'ụlọ ezinụlọ, Bouhired, nke dị n'elu Algiers. Ọ bụ nne ya na ụmụnne nne ya Zina, Leila, na Houria Bouhired zụlitere ya.

== Mmụta ==
N'afọ 2007, Naili nwere usoro ọmụmụ French Baccalaureate S na Lycée International nke Alexandre-Dumas na Algiers ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Higher School of Fine Arts na Algièrs n'afọ 2016. N'afọ 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;nahlatempsdz&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ibersiene|first=Arezki|year=2018|title=Nahla Naili, ancienne étudiante de l'école des Beaux-arts d'Alger: &quot;On a trop laissé pourrir la situation à l'ESBA&quot;|url=https://www.letempsdz.com/index.php/132-actualite/188884-nahla-naili,-ancienne-%C3%A9tudiante-de-l-%C3%A9cole-des-beaux-arts-d-alger-%C2%ABon-a-trop-laiss%C3%A9-pourrir-la-situation-%C3%A0-l-esba%C2%BB|journal=Le Temps d'Algérie|issn=1112-9344|accessdate=20 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ na-akwadebe edemede dọkịta n'okpuru isiokwu &quot;Okike na ihe nketa obodo: Maka omume nke nka nke oge a site na imezigharị Algiers &quot; na Mahadum Panthéon-Sorbonne.&lt;ref name=&quot;newsalg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.livenewsalgerie.com/2018/04/18/lassociation-sauvons-la-casbah-dalger-organise-une-residence-dartistes/|title=L'association &quot; Sauvons la Casbah d'Alger &quot; organise une résidence d'artistes|author=Hafid Azouz|date=18 April 2018|work=Live News Algérie|accessdate=21 December 2018|archivedate=29 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031943/http://www.livenewsalgerie.com/2018/04/18/lassociation-sauvons-la-casbah-dalger-organise-une-residence-dartistes/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nahla&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hocine|first=Achour|title=Nahla Naïli : &quot; Il y a des contraintes réelles à exercer le métier de sculpteur en Algérie &quot;|journal=Culture Dz|date=8 June 2018|url=http://www.culture-dz.com/2018/06/08/nahla-naili-il-y-a-des-contraintes-reelles-a-exercer-le-metier-de-sculpteur-en-algerie/|accessdate=20 December 2018|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405035655/http://www.culture-dz.com/2018/06/08/nahla-naili-il-y-a-des-contraintes-reelles-a-exercer-le-metier-de-sculpteur-en-algerie/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Naili emeela ọzụzụ dị iche iche na [[Morocco]] na [[Tunisia]] maka imezigharị medinas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hind|first=O.|year=2018|title=Résidence d'artistes &quot;mémoires de la Casbah d'Alger&quot; : &quot; L'art au service du patrimoine &quot;|url=http://www.lexpressiondz.com/article/0/0-0-0/288899.html|journal=L'Expression|issn=1112-3397|accessdate=23 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyekwara n'ọtụtụ ọzụzụ na UNESCO, dị ka ogbako &quot;Volunteer Management and Public / Private Participation Projects&quot;, na Julaị 2017, na Med Culture Training &quot;Community Awareness&quot; Resilient to Cultural Heritage Values,&quot; na Amman, [[Jọdan]] na October 2018 na Net Med Youth Training Program &quot;Increasing appetite for creative digital technologies among young cultural her defenders&quot; nke emere na Tunis na December 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.netmedyouth.org/sites/default/files/upload/files/Programme%20Tunis%20VF.pdf|title=Increasing appetite for creative digital technologies among young cultural heritage defenders|date=13–14 December 2018|work=[[UNESCO|netmedyouth.org]]|language=en|accessdate=23 December 2018|archivedate=29 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229220718/https://www.netmedyouth.org/sites/default/files/upload/files/Programme%20Tunis%20VF.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Naili bụ onye otu na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Save the Casbah Association of Algiers .&lt;ref name=&quot;newsalg&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Awakened Youth Movement .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SHS/pdf/carthage_agenda_march2017_fr.pdf|title=Conférence régionale de l'UNESCO, Patrimoine culturel et identité: perspectives de la jeunesse de la région arabe|date=3 March 2017|work=[[UNESCO|unesco.org]]|accessdate=22 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, Nahla na nwanne ya nwoke Arslan na nwa nwanne ya nwanyị Selma Bouhired, malitere The NAS Workshop, oghere maka ntụgharị uche maka ngosipụta nka niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Abada|first=Latifa|year=2016|title=&quot;ورشة ناس&quot; un nouvel atelier à la Casbah crée un pont entre l'histoire et l'art|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2016/12/17/story_n_13690114.html|journal=HuffPost|accessdate=21 December 2018|archive-date=18 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218125453/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2016/12/17/story_n_13690114.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
 

* participation in l'exposition de la Commedia dell'arte au Centre culturel italien à Alger, 2011
* participation in festival d’art Contemporain (MOST ‘ART) à [[Mostaganem]], 2011
* exposition des « Beaux arts à Didouche Mourad » avec la commune d'[[Alger-Centre]], 2012
* participation in festival National de la création féminine par la réalisation d’une sculpture monumentale à 6 mains, 2012
* participation in [[palais de la culture Moufdi Zakaria]] à  Alger,&lt;ref name=&quot;expression&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=O.|first=H.|title=8e édition du salon d'automne : &quot; Variation esthétique à découvrir &quot;|journal=L'Expression|date=3 December 2015|pages=21|issn=1112-3397|url=http://www.lexpressiondz.com/files.php?force&amp;file=pdf/P20151203eepp.pdf|access-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230025944/http://www.lexpressiondz.com/files.php?force&amp;file=pdf%2FP20151203eepp.pdf|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2015
* exposition in l'atelier N.A.S. Casbah d'Alger, Algérie,&lt;ref name=&quot;NAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Yasmine|first=Azzouz|title=Maison des Bouhired à la Casbah, l'art pour préserver notre patrimoine : &quot; Elle a été transformée en atelier pour artistes &quot;|journal=Liberté|date=6 June 2017|issn=1111-4290|url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/culture/maison-des-bouhired-a-la-casbah-lart-pour-preserver-notre-patrimoine-271315|access-date=21 December 2018|archive-date=28 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128203546/https://www.liberte-algerie.com/culture/maison-des-bouhired-a-la-casbah-lart-pour-preserver-notre-patrimoine-271315|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2017
* participation in printemps des arts, inauguration d’un marché de l’art Algérien , en qualité d’artiste sculpteure exposante avec la [[galerie el Yasmine]]

, 2018

=== Ezinụlọ ===
[[Usòrò:Fatiha_Bouhired.jpg|thumb|Nne nne Fatiha Bouhired]]
Nne ya, Hafida Bouhired, bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne ise sitere n'alụmdi na nwunye mbụ nne nne ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;famillegrandpere&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;grandma&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url={{Google books|rGh-VhfpuKYC|plainurl=yes}}|title=''Des femmes dans la guerre d'Algérie'', entretiens, préface de Michelle Perrot|author=Amrane-Minne|first=Danièle Djamila|publisher=Éditions Karthala|year=1994|isbn=978-2865375103|location=[[Paris]]|pages=127, 128}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna nna Naili bụ Mustapha Bouhired bụ onye egwuregwu na Racing Club de Paris na onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka Alger Républicain. Ọ lụrụ agha na [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] maka nnwere onwe nke France tupu ọ bụrụ onye agha FLN nke mgbanwe Algeria. A gbagburu ya na Casbah nke Algiers, na 14 Machị 1957, mgbe e jidere ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;famillegrandpemre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brahimi|first=Feu Hamidou|year=2008|title=À la mémoire d'un héros|url=https://www.elwatan.com/archives/histoire-archives/a-la-memoire-dun-heros-01-11-2008|journal=El Watan|issn=1111-0333|accessdate=21 December 2018|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411054248/https://www.elwatan.com/archives/histoire-archives/a-la-memoire-dun-heros-01-11-2008|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nne nne ya Fatiha Bouhired, nke a mụrụ na Hattali Oukhiti, bụkwa onye agha dị ka di ya, na n'oge agha Algeria, a na-eji ụlọ ezinụlọ ahụ eme ihe dị ka ebe mgbaba maka ndị isi nke ndị agha okpuru obodo na Algiers.&lt;ref name=&quot;grandma&quot;/&gt; E jidere ya ugboro abụọ n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ya, otu ya na Yacef Saâdi, Zohra Drif, [1] yana nwa ya nwanyị dị ọnwa isii Hafida Bouhired, onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Serkadji ma tọhapụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;famillegrandpemre&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;grandma&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Leïla Menchari</title>
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      <text bytes="4435" sha1="seqdq26lt1syj0jxxjnwyc8d0opstdl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{Infobox person|name=Leïla Menchari|image=&lt;!-- filename only, no &quot;File:&quot; or &quot;Image:&quot; prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt;|alt=&lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;|caption=|birth_name=&lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;|birth_date=27 September 1927&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Friedman |first1=Vanessa |title=Leïla Menchari, Who Turned Store Windows Into Art, Dies at 93 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/obituaries/leila-menchari-dead-coronavirus.html |accessdate=7 April 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_place=[[Tunis]], [[French Tunisia]]|death_date={{Death date and age|df=y|2020|04|04|1927|9|27}}|death_place=[[Paris]], [[France]]|nationality=[[Tunisian people|Tunisian]]|other_names=|occupation=Designer&lt;br/&gt; Decorator|years_active=|known_for=|notable_works=}}

'''Leïla Menchari''' ({{lang-ar|ليلى المنشاري}}; 27 September 1927 – 4 April 2020) was a Tunisian designer and decorator.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.femmesmaghrebines.com/news/deces-de-la-grande-artiste-tunisienne-leila-menchari/|title=Décès de la grande artiste tunisienne Leila Menchari|date=5 April 2020|work=FemmesMaghrebines.com|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Menchari na Tunis n'afọ 1927.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/creation-air/leila-menchari-dessinez-moi-vos-reves|title=Leïla Menchari, dessinez-moi vos rêves|date=9 December 2018|work=France Culture|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ onye ọka iwu na nne ya, Habiba Menchari, bụ onye a ma ama maka nkuzi ya gbasara inye ụmụ nwanyị ike. Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, ọ zutere Jean na Violet Henson, bụ ndị mere ka Menchari mara ọrụ ugbo ma nyere ya aka izute ndị na-ese ihe dịka Man Ray, Jean Cocteau, Christian Bérard, na Serge Lifar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2017/12/15/leila-menchari-des-terres-tunisiennes-a-l-apparat-des-vitrines-hermes_1616969|title=Leïla Menchari, des terres tunisiennes à l'apparat des vitrines Hermès|date=15 December 2017|work=Libération|language=French|accessdate=25 May 2024|archivedate=6 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406180101/https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2017/12/15/leila-menchari-des-terres-tunisiennes-a-l-apparat-des-vitrines-hermes_1616969}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1943, ọ banyere na Tunis Institute of Fine Arts, na École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts n'afọ 1948.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/vous/article/2008/11/28/leila-menchari-magicienne-en-chef_1124461_3238.html#1pULEesEqgIoxIxv.99|title=Leïla Menchari, magicienne en chef|date=28 November 2008|work=Le Monde|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Paris, Menchari zutere Azzedine Alaïa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/196606/culture/leela-menchari/|title=Leïla Menchari|date=3 June 2010|work=Jeune Afrique|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zutekwara Guy Laroche, onye nyeere ya aka ịghọ ihe nlereanya. Otú ọ dị, Menchari hapụrụ azụmahịa Laroche mgbe ọnwụ nne ya gasịrị wee ghọọ onye na-achọ ụlọ ọrụ Hermès International na Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Hermès dị ka onye na-achọ mma ihe karịrị afọ iri ise. O mekwara gloves, akpa, na uwe, gụnyere uwe nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri María Félix. Ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere ilekọta nhazi nke onye na-emepụta ugegbe Saint-Louis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://information.tv5monde.com/terriennes/sur-les-pas-de-leila-menchari-artiste-feministe-et-reine-mage-d-hermes-206358|title=Sur les pas de Leïla Menchari, artiste, féministe et &quot;reine mage&quot; d'Hermès|date=1 December 2017|work=TV5Monde|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Leïla Menchari nwụrụ na 4 Eprel 2020 na Paris, France, n'ihi COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://next.liberation.fr/culture/2020/04/05/leila-menchari-la-fee-des-vitrines-hermes-s-en-va_1784230|title=Leïla Menchari, la fée des vitrines Hermès s'en est allée|date=5 April 2020|work=Libération|language=French|accessdate=25 May 2024|archivedate=6 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406102254/https://next.liberation.fr/culture/2020/04/05/leila-menchari-la-fee-des-vitrines-hermes-s-en-va_1784230}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

* Hermès na-adọkpụ - ụwa nke Leïla Menchari (2017, Grand Palais, Paris) 

== Edensibia ==</text>
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    <title>Annissa Essaibi George</title>
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'''Annissa Essaibi George'''[lower-alpha 1] (amụrụ na Disemba 12, 1973) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Barge|first=Nathalie|title=Une fille d'immigrant tunisien candidate à la mairie de Boston|url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/une-fille-d-immigrant-tunisien-candidate-%C3%A0-la-mairie-de-boston/6227345.html|publisher=Voice of America Afrique|accessdate=1 July 2023|date=September 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America nke jere ozi dị ka onye otu Boston City Council. A họpụtara ya na 2015, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kansụl site na 2016 ruo 2022. Ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi obodo na Ntuli aka onye isi obodo Boston na 2021. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ntuli aka na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mana onye kansụl obodo ibe ya bụ Michelle Wu meriri ya na ntuliaka. Kemgbe Nọvemba 2022, Essaibi George jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Board of Directors nke otu na-enweghị uru Big Sister Boston.

A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Boston, Essaibi George malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Boston Private Industry Council. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ, o mechara banye n'ọhịa agụmakwụkwọ ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi Ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na East Boston High School. Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Essaibi George banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ntuli aka site n'ịgba ọsọ na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka oche dị ukwuu na Boston City Council na 2013. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ meriri ntuli aka maka oche dị ukwuu na ntuli aka 2015 Boston City Council. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na Boston City Council na 2017 na 2019. Na Boston City Council, a na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-akwado Mayor Marty Walsh, onye bụ onye maara Essaibi George site na nwata. Ebe a họpụtara ya na mbụ na ikpo okwu na-ahụ maka Ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Essaibi George malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara ahụ. O guzobere Kọmitii Na-enweghị Ụlọ, Ahụike Mental, na Nweghachi nke Boston City Council na 2016, nke e mesịrị wepụ na 2020 n'oge onye isi oche nke Kim Janey na enweghị nkwekọrịta nke Essaibi George. Essaibi George haziri agịga nhicha. Ọ megidere echiche nke obodo ahụ ịmepụta ebe a na-elekọta ndị mmadụ (n'ụdị ebe a na'okpuru nlekọta) dịka nzaghachi maka nchegbu nchekwa ọha na eze gbasara iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe. Martin J. Valencia nke The Boston Globe kwuru na nkwado Essaibi George dị ka onye kansụl obodo na-enye aka na obodo ahụ na-eme ihe iji nye ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke ọ bụla onye ọrụ mmekọrịta oge niile na onye nọọsụ oge niile.

Na Jenụwarị 2021, Essaibi George kwupụtara na ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi obodo Boston n'afọ ahụ. A na-ewere nnọchite anya ya dị ka &quot;nke etiti&quot; ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ndị ọzọ na-eduga. Edge nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ntuli aka na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-eme nke ọma karịa onye isi obodo na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ahụ bụ Kim Janey na ndị ọzọ gụnyere Andrea Campbell na John Barros. Ọ zutere Michelle Wu na ntuli aka n'ozuzu, Wu meriri ya site na mmeri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Annissa Essaibi George na Disemba 12, 1973, na Boston, Massachusetts. Nne na nna ya zutere mgbe ha na-agụ akwụkwọ na Paris. A mụrụ nne ya n'aka ndị Poland n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na [[Jémanị|Germany]] mana o tolitere na Boston. Nna ya, Ezzeddine, si [[Tunisia]]. Ha kwagara na United States na 1972, na-ebi na mpaghara Dorchester nke Boston. A zụlitere Essaibi George na ụmụnne ya atọ na Katọlik mgbe nna ya bụ onye Alakụba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bostonia&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bu.edu/bostonia/winter-spring17/a-teachers-voice/|title=A Teacher's Voice|accessdate=8 October 2019|publisher=Bostonia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Boston Technical High School (nke bụzi John D. O'Bryant School of Mathematics &amp;amp;amp; Science), Essaibi George gara Bentley College, ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa dị na Waltham, Massachusetts, ruo afọ abụọ, tupu ọ gaa Mahadum Boston, ebe ọ bụ onye isi sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref&gt;[LinkedIn profile for Annissa Essaibi George https://www.linkedin.com/in/annissa-essaibi-george-2a0a7746/]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bostonia&quot;/&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ na kọleji, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[Washington, D.C.]], ọfịs Max Baucus. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na B.U., ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Boston Private Industry Council. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bostongov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ANNISSA ESSAIBI GEORGE|url=https://www.boston.gov/departments/city-council/annissa-essaibi-george|work=City of Boston|date=7 March 2016|accessdate=8 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya site n'inweta nzere masta na agụmakọta na Mahadum Massachusetts-Boston, mgbe e mesịrị na-akụzi Ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na East Boston High School site na 2001 ruo 2014.[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bostonia&quot; /&gt;

== Mgbasa ozi 2013 nke kansụl obodo na-enweghị isi ==
[[Usòrò:Stephen_Lynch_and_Annissa_Essaibi_George_CJ-dIHBVEAAQ-XO.jpg|thumb|Nzukọ Essaibi George na onye omeiwu Stephen F. Lynch na 2015|306x306px]]
Essaibi George nwere njikọ na Democratic Party. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Annissa Essaibi George|url=https://www.boston.gov/departments/city-council/annissa-essaibi-george|work=Boston.gov|accessdate=25 November 2019|date=7 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bu ụzọ gbaa ọsọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka Boston City Council na 2013 na nnukwu asọmpi.

== Oge kansụl obodo ==
Essaibi George ghọrọ onye otu Boston City Council na Jenụwarị 2016 mgbe a họpụtara ya na ntuli aka 2015. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na Nọvemba 2019 na Nọzemba 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;Brynne&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Connolly|first=Brynne|title=Boston city council election comes down to 10 vote spread for 4th place cutoff|url=https://whdh.com/news/boston-city-council-election-comes-down-to-10-vote-spread-for-4th-place-cutoff/|accessdate=6 November 2019|publisher=WHDH-TV|date=November 5, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jamaicaplainnews.com/2019/11/06/council-to-be-woman-majority-wu-flaherty-essaibi-george-re-elected-mejia-wins-at-large-seat/175694|title=Council To Be Woman-Majority: Wu, Flaherty, Essaibi-George Re-Elected, Mejia Wins At-Large Seat|author=Ertischek|first=David|work=Jamaica Plain News|date=6 November 2019|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ nọ na City Council, a na-ewere Essaibi George dị ka onye mmekọ nke onye isi obodo Marty Walsh, onye ọ maara kemgbe ọ bụ nwata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Trojano|first=Katie|title=Wu, Campbell lead parade of hopefuls for mayor's chair|url=https://www.dotnews.com/2021/wu-campbell-lead-parade-hopefuls-mayors-chair|work=Dorchester Reporter|accessdate=11 February 2021|language=en|date=13 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Essaibi George bụ onye isi oche kọmitii, gụnyere Kọmitii Mmụta na Kọmitii Na-enweghị Ebe Obibi, Ahụike Uche, na Nweghachi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tizi&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dearing|first=Tiziana|title=Why Boston City Councilor Annissa Essaibi-George Isn't Thrilled About Supervised Consumption Sites|url=https://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2019/08/29/essaibi-george-safe-consumption-sites|accessdate=8 October 2019|publisher=WBUR|date=August 29, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbasa ozi Essaibi George nke gara nke ọma na 2015, nke mbụ họpụtara ya na Boston City Council, lekwasịrị anya na Ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gụnyere ndụmọdụ ahụike uche na ọrụ maka ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;differentapproaches&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2016, o guzobere kọmitii Homelessness, Mental Health, and Recovery nke kansụl ahụ.[1] Ọ katọrọ ọpụpụ Kim Janey na 2020, dị ka onye isi oche kansụl obodo, iji wepụ kọmitii a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Boston City Council homelessness, addiction committee reorganization receives pushback|url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/01/29/boston-city-council-homelessness-addiction-committee-reorganization-receives-pushback/|work=Boston Herald|accessdate=3 October 2021|date=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Essaibi George tụrụ aro iwu na-achọ ụlọ ọgwụ iji nye ihe mkpofu dị nchebe.&lt;ref&gt;Multiple sources:
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Safesharps1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pharmacies must provide safe sharps disposal, City Council orders – The Daily Free Press|url=https://dailyfreepress.com/2020/10/28/pharmacies-must-provide-safe-sharps-disposal-city-council-orders/|author=Velasco|first=Aaron|work=The Daily Free Press|accessdate=10 September 2021|date=October 28, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sharps1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gavin|first=Christopher|title=Boston pharmacies will now have to provide sharps disposal, under law passed by city council|url=https://www.boston.com/news/policy/2020/10/23/boston-pharmacies-sharps-disposal-city-council-law/|work=www.boston.com|accessdate=10 September 2021|date=October 23, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu nke Essaibi George kwadoro nke chọrọ ka ụlọ ọgwụ nwere ihe karịrị ebe atọ n'obodo ahụ mee nke a bụ nke Kansụl Obodo ji otu olu mee n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020.  [4][5] Essaibi George hazikwara agịga nhicha.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michelle Wu for mayor - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/10/22/opinion/michelle-wu-mayor|work=BostonGlobe.com|accessdate=23 October 2021|date=October 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Councilor Essaibi-George Organizes Inaugural 'needle Take Back Day' for the City of Boston – East Boston Times-Free Press|url=https://eastietimes.com/2019/04/26/councilor-essaibi-george-organizes-inaugural-needle-take-back-day-for-the-city-of-boston/|work=The Eastie Times|accessdate=23 October 2021|date=April 26, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, Essaibi George kwupụtara enweghị nkwenye ya maka atụmanya nke ịmepụta ebe a na-elekọta ndị a na-ahụ maka ọgwụ (n'ụdị ebe a na'ahụ maka ọgwụ) na nzaghachi maka iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe n'obodo ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dearing|first=Tiziana|title=Why Boston City Councilor Annissa Essaibi-George Isn't Thrilled About Supervised Consumption Sites|url=https://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2019/08/29/essaibi-george-safe-consumption-sites|work=WBUR|accessdate=28 September 2021|language=en|date=August 29, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, Essaibi George kwadoro ka obodo ahụ tinye onye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze oge niile na onye nọọsụ oge niile n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ọ bụla. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Sara|title=Boston City Council Wants More Social Workers in Schools – NorthEndWaterfront.com|url=https://northendwaterfront.com/2019/04/boston-city-council-wants-more-social-workers-in-schools/|work=northendwaterfront.com|accessdate=3 October 2021|date=April 7, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obodo ahụ, n'ikpeazụ, mere nke a, na Martin J. Valencia nke The Boston Globe mechara kwuo na nke a, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, bụ maka nkwado ya n'okwu ahụ.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;differentapproaches&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Valencia|first=Milton J.|title=Michelle Wu and Annissa Essaibi George had far different approaches as councilors, hinting at how they might govern as mayor - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/10/02/metro/michelle-wu-annissa-essaibi-george-had-far-different-approaches-councilors-hinting-how-they-might-govern-mayor/|work=The Boston Globe|accessdate=3 October 2021|date=October 2, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, Essaibi George gbara obodo ahụ ume ka ha belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke geese n'ogige ntụrụndụ obodo ahụ, na-ekwupụta nchegbu banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nsị geese na-apụ.&lt;ref&gt;Multiple sources
&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Annissa_Essaibi_George_2018_03.png|thumb|Essaibi George na 2018|308x308px]]
Essaibi George bụ onye na-akwado ihe ịga nke ọma nke Ayanna Pressley na 2018 Democratic primary challenge na onye omeiwu US nọ n'ọkwa Mike Capuano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tiernan|first=Erin|title=Annissa Essaibi-George rejects ties to Trump via super PAC|url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2021/09/26/annissa-essaibi-george-eschews-ties-to-trump/|work=Boston Herald|accessdate=30 September 2021|date=September 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ntuli aka Democratic nke ntuli aka Senate nke Massachusetts na 2020, Essaibi George kwadoro mkpọsa ntuli aka nke Ed Markey na-aga nke ọma na ntuli aka Joe Kennedy III.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Murray|first=Stephanie|title=MARKEY's new endorsement — New England reacts to CORONAVIRUS — Is BOSTON's middle class DOOMED?|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/massachusetts-playbook/2020/01/30/markeys-new-endorsement-new-england-reacts-to-coronavirus-is-bostons-middle-class-doomed-488192|work=POLITICO|accessdate=28 September 2021|language=en|date=January 30, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mbido 2021, n'etiti ọrịa COVID-19, ya na onye kansụl obodo ibe ya bụ Michelle Wu jikọrọ aka iji tụọ aro usoro ga-enye ndị ọrụ obodo na-arịa ọrịa ezumike a na-akwụ ụgwọ mgbe ha natara ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Election roundup: Wu, Essaibi-George want paid leave for city workers who feel ill after getting a Covid-19 shot|url=https://www.universalhub.com/2021/election-roundup-wu-essaibi-george-want-paid-leave|work=Universal Hub|accessdate=11 February 2021|date=3 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Essaibi George tụụrụ vootu megide iwu nke Kansụl Obodo kwadoro nke gbochiri iji bullets rọba, gas na-agba mmiri, na spray ose site na Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Boston City Council passes tear gas, rubber bullet limits on second attempt|url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2021/04/28/boston-city-council-passes-tear-gas-rubber-bullet-limits-in-second-attempt/|work=Boston Herald|accessdate=4 October 2021|date=28 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Julaị 2021, n'etiti mkpọsa ya dị ka onye isi obodo, Essaibi George gọnahụrụ ebubo ndị e mere n'otu edemede nyocha e bipụtara na The Boston Globe na o jiri ọfịs ya gbalịa igbochi iwu ụlọ nke ga-egbochi ọhụụ nke ụlọ nke di ya, onye na-emepe ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Boston City Councilor Essaibi George Denies Using Her Office To Help Husband|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2021/07/29/boston-city-councilor-essaibi-george-husband-conflict|work=www.wbur.org|accessdate=10 September 2021|language=en|date=29 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụrụ na ebubo ndị ahụ bụ eziokwu, ha na-eweta mmebi iwu nwere ike imebi iwu esemokwu ọdịmma steeti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Arnett|first=Dugan|title=Mayoral candidates clash: Political opponents call on Essaibi George to address husband's housing record - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/07/29/metro/mayoral-candidates-clash-barros-calls-essaibi-george-address-husbands-housing-record/|work=BostonGlobe.com|accessdate=28 September 2021|date=July 29, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ryan|first=Andrew|title=Essaibi George is running for Boston mayor. Her husband, a housing developer, has had a lot of problems with City Hall - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/07/28/metro/essaibi-george-is-running-mayor-her-husband-housing-developer-has-had-lot-problems-with-city-hall/|work=The Boston Globe|date=July 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 2021, mkpebi nke onye ndụmọdụ Lydia Edwards dere na nke Essaibi George na Michelle Wu kwadoro site na City Council. Iwu ahụ na-agbatị ezumike a na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ndị ọrụ obodo maka ụdị ọ bụla nke afọ ime, gụnyere [[Iwepu afọ ime|ite ime]] (dị iche na iwu dị ugbu a, nke na-ekpuchi naanị afọ ime site na ime ọpụpụ), ma gbasaa ya na ndị na-anabata onye ezinụlọ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Abortion Leave Shouldn't Put 'Stigma' On Abortion, Boston City Councilor Says|url=https://newbostonpost.com/around-new-england/paid-abortion-leave-shouldnt-put-stigma-on-abortion-boston-city-councilor-says/|work=New Boston Post|accessdate=16 September 2021|date=August 27, 2021|archivedate=16 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916200702/https://newbostonpost.com/around-new-england/paid-abortion-leave-shouldnt-put-stigma-on-abortion-boston-city-councilor-says/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=City Council Approves Expansion of Parental Leave Policy by Edwards|url=http://eastietimes.com/2021/09/22/city-council-approves-expansion-of-parental-leave-policy-by-edwards/|work=eastietimes.com|publisher=East Boston Times-Free Press|accessdate=30 September 2021|date=September 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-anọchite anya onye isi obodo Kim Janey bịanyere aka na iwu ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Joyce|first=Tom|title=Boston Offering Its Employees 12 Weeks Of Paid Abortion Leave, Including Men|url=https://newbostonpost.com/2021/11/15/boston-giving-its-employees-12-weeks-of-paid-abortion-leave-including-men/|work=NewBostonPost|accessdate=14 November 2022|date=15 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ime obodo ==
[[Usòrò:Logo_Transparent._png_(1).png|thumb|Logo maka mkpọsa onye isi obodo Essaibi George]]
[[Usòrò:Annissa_.jpg|thumb|Essaibi George na-eme mkpọsa na Jenụwarị 2021]]
[[Usòrò:Annissa_Essaibi_George_election_night_celebration_and_concession_19.png|thumb|Essaibi George na-ekwu okwu nkwenye ntuli aka ya]]
Na Jenụwarị 27, 2021, Essaibi George kwupụtara na ọ ga-agba ọsọ na ntuli aka onye isi obodo Boston nke afọ 2021, nke a na-ewere dị ka asọmpi &quot;nnukwu&quot; n'ihi nkwenye a na-atụ anya na Mayor Walsh bụ Odeakwụkwọ Ọrụ nke United States; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=McDonald|first=Danny|date=January 27, 2021|accessdate=January 27, 2021|title=Councilor Essaibi-George jumps into the mayoral fray|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/01/28/metro/councilor-essaibi-george-jumps-into-mayoral-fray/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walsh gosipụtara na ọ nọ n'ọkwa ya na Machị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gavin|first=Christopher|title=With Boston mayoral race wide open, endorsements roll in for Wu, Campbell|url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2021/01/12/boston-mayor-race-endorsements-michelle-wu-andrea-campbell|work=[[Boston.com]]|date=January 12, 2020|accessdate=January 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/03/22/nation/senate-confirms-walsh-labor-secretary-janey-set-become-acting-boston-mayor|title=Senate confirms Walsh as Labor Secretary|author=Jim Puzzanghera|date=March 22, 2021|accessdate=March 22, 2021|work=[[The Boston Globe]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-akọwakarị Essaibi George dị ka &quot;onye nọ n'etiti&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;onye dị nro&quot; ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;boston.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=DeCosta-Klipa|first=Nik|title=Boston mayoral race: Annissa Essaibi George's interview with Boston.com|url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2021/08/04/boston-mayoral-race-annissa-essaibi-george-interview/|work=www.boston.com|accessdate=10 September 2021|date=August 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTallies&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Barry|first=Ellen|title=It's a 'Brawl in Beantown,' as Progressive Allies Clash in the Boston Mayor's Race|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/10/us/boston-mayoral-election.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=11 September 2021|date=10 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ya bụ onye bụbu onyeisi ndị uwe ojii Boston William G. Gross, onye na-eduzikwa otu n'ime nnukwu PAC abụọ kwadoro ya na ntuli aka na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ducius|first=Ginautas|title=Essaibi George weighs in on super PAC led by former Boston police chief|url=https://www.dotnews.com/2021/essaibi-george-weighs-super-pac-led-former-boston-police-chief|work=Dorchester Reporter|accessdate=10 September 2021|language=en|date=September 9, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Super PAC ahụ natara $ 495,000 site n'aka onye nwe New Balance na onye na-enye onyinye Republican Jim Davis, onye na 2016 nyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ $ 400,000 na Trump Victory PAC. Njikọ ya na ndị na-akwado [[Donald Trump|Trump]] mere ka ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ ya kọwaa ya dị ka onye kwekọrọ na Trump ma ọ bụ ndị Republican,  njirimara nke Essaibi George jụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/09/15/business/new-balance-chairman-jim-davis-his-495000-bet-annissa-essaibi-george/|title=New Balance chairman Jim Davis bet $495,000 on Annissa Essaibi George. Tuesday, it paid off|author=Shirley Leung|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=September 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Annissa Essaibi-George rejects ties to Trump via super PAC|url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2021/09/26/annissa-essaibi-george-eschews-ties-to-trump/|work=Boston Herald|accessdate=5 October 2021|date=27 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye na-achọ, Essaibi George kwupụtara ahụmịhe ya dị ka onye nkuzi. &lt;ref name=&quot;boston.com&quot;/&gt;

Na ntuli aka mbụ na Septemba 14, mkpọsa ya bụ nke abụọ na 22.4% nke votu, na-eme nke ọma karịa onye isi obodo Kim Janey na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ama aka ịga n'ihu na ntuli aka n'ozuzu na onye mmeri mbụ Michelle Wu, onye nwetara 33.4% nke votu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Platoff|first=Emma|title=With different visions for Boston, Wu and Essaibi George hit the campaign trail - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/09/15/metro/with-different-visions-boston-wu-essaibi-george-hit-campaign-trail/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=BostonGlobe.com|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916003813/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/09/15/metro/with-different-visions-boston-wu-essaibi-george-hit-campaign-trail/|archivedate=2021-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-akọwakarị Essaibi George dị ka onye na-akwado ndị uwe ojii ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-emegide ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;boston.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;policepolitico1&quot;&gt; {{cite web|last1=Kashinsky|first1=Lisa|date=July 8, 2021|title=WHAT the NYC mayor's race means for BOSTON — Advocates BLAST House rules — BAKER to decide 'SOON' on GUV RACE|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/massachusetts-playbook/2021/07/08/what-new-yorks-mayoral-race-means-for-boston-advocates-blast-house-rules-baker-to-decide-soon-on-guv-race-493503?nname=massachusetts-playbook&amp;nid=0000014f-704c-d54c-a1ff-fb6da68f0000&amp;nrid=0000014f-8e29-deb3-ab5f-8fed5e660001&amp;nlid=630384|access-date=10 September 2021|website=POLITICO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Banyere nchekwa ọha na eze na mmanye iwu, Essaibi George kwadoro mgbanwe ndị uwe ojii.[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;publicsafety&quot; /&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ naanị otu n'ime ndị isi ise na-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka iji megide ibelata mmefu ego nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Boston.  [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;3takeaways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=DeCosta-Klipa|first=Nik|date=September 8, 2021|title=3 takeaways from the first debate of the 2021 Boston mayor's race|url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2021/09/08/boston-mayors-race-first-debate/|accessdate=9 September 2021|work=www.boston.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwupụtara nkwenye ya na obodo ahụ chọrọ ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị uwe ojii ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;bolstering&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=McDonald|first=Danny|date=August 30, 2021|title=Mayoral candidate Essaibi George talks bolstering police while touring Bowdoin-Geneva - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/08/30/metro/mayoral-candidate-essaibi-george-talks-bolstering-police-while-touring-bowdoin-geneva/|accessdate=10 September 2021|work=Boston Globe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikpo okwu nchekwa ọha na eze ya kwukwara na Ndị uwe ojii obodo bụ ụzọ isi dozie adịghị ike n'obodo ahụ.[3] Essaibi George's campaign platform kọwara ime ihe ike egbe dị ka &quot;okwu Ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ, okwu ahụike ọha na eze na okwu nchekwa ọha na eze&quot;. [3]&lt;ref name=&quot;publicsafety&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public Safety|url=https://www.annissaforboston.com/public-safety-4-26/|work=www.annissaforboston.com|accessdate=10 September 2021|date=27 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021232545/https://www.annissaforboston.com/public-safety-4-26/|archivedate=21 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ellen Barry nke ''The New York Times'' kọwara Essaibi George dị ka onye na-ekwe nkwa &quot;mmekọrịta dị mma&quot; na ndị na-emepe ụlọ karịa ndị na-emegide ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTallies&quot;/&gt; Barry kọwara nguzo Essaibi George na mmepe dị ka otu n'ime nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ya na onye na-emegide ya na ntuli aka Wu, onye weere nguzo na mmepe na ụlọ (dị ka nkwado Wu maka njikwa ụgwọ na ịgbasa Boston Planning &amp; Development Agency) nke EssaibiGeorge katọrọ dị ka ihe na-emebi mmepe na obodo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellenbarry1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Barry|first=Ellen|title=Candidate for 'Mayah' Proudly Leans Into Her Boston Sound|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/09/us/annissa-essaibi-george.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=10 October 2021|date=9 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti Essaibi George na Wu, dịka echiche Barry si dị, bụ ọdịiche ha a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu ma ha ga-ebelata ego ndị uwe ojii.[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;ellenbarry1&quot; /&gt;

Essaibi George katọrọ onye na-emegide ya na ntuli aka dịka ọ na-ewere usoro iwu nke Essaibi Georges kọwara dị ka &quot;ihe na-enweghị isi&quot; na &quot;agụmakwụkwọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barry1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Barry|first=Ellen|title=Boston Mayor's Race Narrows to a Progressive Versus a Moderate|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/15/us/boston-mayor-election-michelle-wu.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=16 September 2021|date=15 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Council na-esote obodo ==
[[Usòrò:Ayanna_Pressley_Big_Sister_Boston_(FrM7Y4nWwAETh8e)_(Pressley_and_Annissa_Essaibi_George).jpg|thumb|Essaibi George (n'aka nri) dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke Big Sister Boston; na-anọdụ ala n'akụkụ Congresswoman Ayanna Pressley]]
N'afọ 2022, Essaibi George laghachiri na nkuzi ya, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na-anọchi anya ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dumcius|first=Gintautas|title=After mayoral election, Essaibi George goes back to school {{!}} Dorchester Reporter|url=https://www.dotnews.com/2022/after-mayoral-election-essaibi-george-goes-back-school|work=www.dotnews.com|publisher=Dorchester Reporter|accessdate=9 November 2022|language=en|date=March 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke a n'etiti ụkọ ndị nkuzi na-anọchi anya ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukraine&quot;&gt; {{cite web |last1=Forry |first1=Bill |title=For Essaibi George, a time to pay back by helping Ukrainians |url=https://dotnews.com/2022/essaibi-george-time-pay-back-helping-ukrainians |publisher=The Dorchester Reporter |access-date=9 November 2022 |language=en |date=April 26, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ọnwa Eprel 2022, n'etiti mwakpo Russia nke Ukraine na 2022, Essaibi George mere njem enyemaka na [[Poland]] iji nye ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ihe oriri na nso ókèala Poland na Ukraine.[2] N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2022, a họpụtara Essaibi George dịka onye isi oche na onye isi ọrụ nke Big Sister Boston site na ndị nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enweghị uru. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Nọvemba 28, 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In the news: Annissa Essaibi George|url=https://www.baystatebanner.com/2022/10/26/in-the-news-annissa-essaibi-george/|work=The Bay State Banner|accessdate=9 November 2022|date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Essaibi George bụ onye guzobere ma nwee ụlọ ahịa mkpọsa na Dorchester a na-akpọ Stitch House, nke na-ere eriri na ákwà ma na-enye klas na ịkpa akwa, ịkwa akwa, akwa akwa na crochet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bostongov&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;boston.com&quot;/&gt; Ọ lụrụ Doug George, onye na-emepe ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cooke|first=Bruno|title=Who is Annissa Essaibi George's husband? Meet real estate developer Doug George|url=https://www.thefocus.news/culture/annissa-essaibi-george-husband/|work=The Focus|accessdate=10 September 2021|date=9 August 2021|archivedate=10 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910075540/https://www.thefocus.news/culture/annissa-essaibi-george-husband/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na di ya nwere ụmụ nwoke anọ, gụnyere [[Ịmụ ọtụtụ ihe|ụmụ atọ]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bostonia&quot;/&gt;

== Akụkọ banyere ntuli aka ==

=== Kansụl Obodo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |2013 Boston na nnukwu ntuli aka City Council
|-
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Onye a chọrọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nhọrọ nke mbụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CITY OF BOSTON PRELIMINARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION - SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE|url=https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/2013%20-%2009-24-13%20-%20City%20Councillor%20at%20Large%20Ward%20&amp;%20Precinct%20Results_tcm3-40793.pdf|work=www.cityofboston.gov|publisher=City of Boston|accessdate=26 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nhọrọ n'ozuzu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CITY OF BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION - NOVEMBER 5, 2013 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE|url=https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/2013%20-%2011-05-13%20-%20City%20Councillor%20at%20Large%20Ward%20&amp;%20Precinct%20Results_tcm3-41961.pdf|work=www.cityofboston.gov|publisher=City of Boston|accessdate=26 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Nhọrọ
!%
!Nhọrọ
!%
|-
|'''Ayanna Pressley (onye nọ ugbu a) '''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''42,915'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''16.71'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''60,799'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''18.30'''
|-
|'''Michelle Wu'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''29,384'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''11.44'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''59,741'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''17.98'''
|-
|'''Michael F. Flaherty'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''39,904'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''15.54'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''55,104'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''16.59'''
|-
|'''Stephen J. Murphy (onye nọ ugbu a) '''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''31,728'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''12.35'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''44,993'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''13.54'''
|-
|Annissa Essaibi George
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''12,244'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''4.77'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,538
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9.19
|-
|Jeffrey Michael Ross
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''13,939'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''5.43'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |28,879
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.69
|-
|Martin J. Keogh
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''15,743'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''6.13'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |26,500
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7.98
|-
|Jack F. Kelly nke Atọ
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''11,909'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''4.64'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |23,967
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7.22
|-
|Catherine M. O'Neill
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10,952
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.26
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Ndị agha Althea
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10,268
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.00
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Ramon Soto
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,928
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.87
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Philip Arthur Frattaroli
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,832
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.27
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Gareth R. Saunders
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,363
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.09
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Christopher J. Conroy
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3,433
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1.34
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Seamus M. Whelan
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3,118
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1.21
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Francisco L. White
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2745
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1.07
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Douglas D. Wohn
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,382
| align=&quot;right&quot; |0.93
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Frank John Addivinola Jr.
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,240
| align=&quot;right&quot; |0.87
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Keith B. Kenyon
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1,950
| align=&quot;right&quot; |0.76
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|Jamarhl Crawford
| align=&quot;right&quot; |21†
| align=&quot;right&quot; |0.01
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;darkgray&quot; | 
|-
|''ndị ọzọ niile''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |832
| align=&quot;right&quot; |0.32
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1,658
| align=&quot;right&quot; |0.50
|}
{{Election box begin no party no change|title=[[2015 Boston City Council election|2015 Boston at-large City Council election]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=CITY OF BOSTONMUNICIPAL ELECTION - NOVEMBER 3, 2015 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE |url=https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/Nov%203%202015%20City%20Councillor%20at%20Large%20Ward%20%20Precinct%20Results_tcm3-52572.pdf |website=www.cityofboston.gov |publisher=City of Boston |access-date=26 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate no party no change|candidate=[[Ayanna Pressley]] (incumbent)|votes=31,783|percentage=24.21}}
{{Election box winning candidate no party no change|candidate=[[Michelle Wu]] (incumbent)|votes=28,908|percentage=22.02}}
{{Election box winning candidate no party no change|candidate=[[Michael F. Flaherty]] (incumbent)|votes=26,473|percentage=20.16}}
{{Election box winning candidate no party no change|candidate=Annissa Essaibi George|votes=23,447|percentage=17.86}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change|candidate=[[Stephen J. Murphy]] (incumbent)|votes=19,546|percentage=14.89}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change|candidate=Jovan J. Lacet ''write-in''|votes=95|percentage=0.07}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change|candidate=[[Charles Yancey]] ''write-in''|votes=39|percentage=0.03}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change|candidate=Jean-Claud Sanon ''write-in''|votes=25|percentage=0.02}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change|candidate=[[Andrea Campbell]] ''write-in''|votes=13|percentage=0.01}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change|candidate=''all others''|votes=959|percentage=0.73}}
{{Election box end}}

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ghada Amer</title>
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      <text bytes="29072" sha1="eyohdl3lc27pf44lldvo1clse798lyg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ghada Amer lors d'une conférence à Tours.jpg|thumb|Ghada Amer]]
'''Ghada Amer''' ({{lang-ar|غادة عامر}}; Mee 22, 1963, ná Cairo, [[Egypt|Ijipt]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Phaidon Editors&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Great women artists|year=2019|publisher=Phaidon Press|isbn=978-0714878775}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-ese ihe n'oge a, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka okwu gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọahụ. Ọrụ ya a ma ama gụnyere ihe osise mara mma nke ukwuu nke ahụ ụmụ nwanyị na-ezo aka na foto ndị gba ọtọ.  onyonyo.

Amer si Ijipt kwaga France &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghadaamer.com/about|title=About|work=Ghada Amer|publisher=www.ghadaamer.com [artist's website]|accessdate=2016-10-04|archivedate=2016-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002154520/http://www.ghadaamer.com/about}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Paris na Nice. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://0-www.oxfordartonline.com.luna.wellesley.edu/subscriber/article/grove/art/T222047|title=Amer, Ghada|accessdate=8 March 2015|work=Grove Art Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|author=Okeke-Agulu|first=Chika|archivedate=13 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713183810/https://luna.wellesley.edu/wamvalidate?url=http%3A%2F%2F0-www.oxfordartonline.com.luna.wellesley.edu%3A80%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fart%2FT222047}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Reckoning: Women Artists of the New Millennium|url=https://archive.org/details/reckoningwomenar0000hear|author=Posner|first=Helaine|publisher=Prestel|year=2013|isbn=978-3-7913-4759-2|editor=Heartney|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reckoningwomenar0000hear/page/24 24]–29|chapter=Bad Girls: Ghada Amer}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na New York City.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Amụrụ Amer na Cairo, Egypt ọ biri na France afọ iri abụọ, ọ naghị ewere onwe ya dị ka onye Ijipt, Africa ma ọ bụ French.  Mgbe ọ na-etolite na Cairo, nne ya, onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo, mere onwe ya uwe azụmahịa, ụmụ nwanyị obodo na-ezukọtakarị ịkwa akwa. Nna Amer, Mohamed Amer, bụ onye nnọchiteanya ma kwaga ezinụlọ ahụ ọtụtụ oge, ọ bụghị nanị na France kama  mba ndị dị ka Libya, Morocco na Algeria.  Maka ya, ikpughe a na omenala dị iche iche bụ n'ikpeazụ nkọwa akụkọ ndụ kachasị mkpa iji ghọta nka ya.  Omume nka nke Amer malitere na-adọrọ adọrọ nke nwere mmetụta, kaadị ozi ihunanya na ihe atụ.  Isiokwu ya masịrị ya ka bụ ihe oyiyi na-adịghị mma nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ n'anya. Mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnwere onwe nka zuru oke na Egypt, Amer kpebiri ịghọ onye na-ese ihe mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ihe ọ dị ka ịchịkwa nka gị.  Ghada kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ, &quot;Anyị kwesịrị ịmụta echiche, nnọchite anya, ma na-achịkwa ya kpamkpam.&quot; 

Amer gụrụ akwụkwọ na Villa Arson École Nationale Supérieure d'Art na Nice, [[France]] ebe ọ natara nzere B.F.A. ya na eserese na 1986 na 1989, ọ natara akara ugo mmụta M.F.a. ya n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.   Ọ zutere onye Iran na-ese ihe Reza Farkhondeh mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na France, ha ghọrọ ndị enyi ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Walsh|first=Meeka|date=2009|title=The Thread of Painting|url=https://bordercrossingsmag.com/article/the-thread-of-painting-an-interview-with-ghada-amer|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=Border Crossings Mag, Volume 11|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghada Amer &amp; Reza Farkhondeh|url=https://www.icaio.org/ghada-amer---brief|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=Institute of Contemporary Art Indian Ocean (ICAIO)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ na-enweta akara ugo mmụta ya, Amer gụrụ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi na School of the Museum of Fine Arts na Tufts na Boston, Massachusetts na 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Institut des hautes études en arts plastiques ruo oge ụfọdụ.[3] N'afọ 1996, Amer na Farkhondeh kwagara New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-01-19|title=Variations on a difficult blue|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-01-19-00-red-hot-variations-on-a-difficult-blue/|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Onye na-ese ihe multimedia, a maara Amer maka ihe osise ya na-ejikọta ihe osise na ọrụ agịga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọrụ ya na-ekwukarị okwu gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, mmekọahụ, njirimara postcolonial, na omenala Alakụba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Works in Translation: Ghada Amer's Hybrid Pleasures|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_art-journal-uk_winter-2001_60_4/page/n27|author=Auricchio|first=Laura|date=Winter 2001|journal=Art Journal|volume=60|issue=4|pages=26–37|doi=10.1080/00043249.2001.10792091|issn=0004-3249}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma maka nnukwu ihe osise ya ebe a na-etinye ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri (nke sitere na magazin ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ) n'elu ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe na ihe na-acha uhie uhie na ihe na'acha uhie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Guralnik|first=Orna|date=2010-04-15|title=Love Has No End: Ghada Amer|journal=Studies in Gender and Sexuality|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=101–110|doi=10.1080/15240651003666490|issn=1524-0657}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka nwa akwụkwọ na mmemme BFA na MFA, a gwara ya na klaasị ihe osise ụlọ akwụkwọ nka ka edobere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwoke, n'oge ahụ ọ gbara mbọ ịchọta asụsụ nka nke nwanyị nke ọ ga-eji na-ekwu maka ụmụ nwanyị, dịka nwanyị.  “Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ, na mberede, achọpụtara m na m bụ nwanyị.  Ekpebiri m ikwu banyere nke a - na ime eserese n'otu oge ahụ.  Nke a bụ ihe m na-eme.  Ọ na-eji akọ na uche na-ese ihe na m bụ nwanyị.' N'ịbụ onye ọhụrụ na nke na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, o ji ịkwa akwa na ịkwa akwa-nkà mmụta sitere n'aka nne ya na nne nne ya na nke a na-ejikọta ya dị ka &quot;ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị&quot; - dị ka onye na-eme ememe na ịkwado ụmụ nwanyị na nkà.  uwa.  Ụzọ Amer si abịakwute ndị na-ajụ ase na ihe ọmụmụ site n'echiche ụmụ nwanyị na-egosipụta onwe ya n'oge ọrụ ya niile.

Ọ na-achọkarị ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-eme omume agụụ mmekọahụ na/ma ọ bụ na-etinye aka n'omume ndị gba ọtọ pụtara ìhè.  Ozugbo ọ na-ahọrọ ya, ọ na-achọpụta ụmụ nwanyị ahụ na akwụkwọ Vellum na pensụl maka iji mee ihe n'ọdịnihu, mgbe ọ na-ebufe ha n'elu akwa akwa ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe dị ka isi mmalite maka ọrụ na akwụkwọ.  Onye omenkà nwanyị welitere kemgbe 1970 dị ka ngwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.  Ọrụ ya bụ nwanyị, na-emebi ụdị ihe osise nke omenala nwoke, na ịjụ ụkpụrụ nke mmekọahụ nwanyị. Oeuvre ya gụnyere ihe atụ nke eserese, eserese, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ịrụ ọrụ na ntinye. Mgbe Amer si na Boston lọta na France, ọ masịrị ya.  ya na Rosemarie Trockel.  &quot;O meela nke ọma chepụtara asụsụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-eji ịkpa akwa, ọ masịrị m iji akara azụmahịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yanakwa.&quot; Ntugharị ala Amer n'ọtụtụ ebe na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ ya.  Ihe osise ya na-emetụta echiche nke ịtụgharị uche na ntinye nke asụsụ nke abstraction na expressionism.  Ọrụ ya na-anakọta onyonyo &quot;na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ezighi ezi&quot; maka ebumnuche mgbagha.

=== RFGA ===
Ndị enyi Amer na Reza Farkhondeh jikọrọ aka na eserese na mbipụta, n'okpuru aha &quot;RFGA&quot; malite na mbido afọ 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;/&gt; Amer ga-emepụta nyocha anya nke mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị, Farkhondeh ga-agbakwunye ihe oyiyi nke ụdị na ịma mma nke okike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;/&gt; Njikọ ahụ malitere mgbe Farkhondeh sere ihe n'otu n'ime ihe osise Amer, ọ masịrị ya onyinye ya ma ọ bụ ezie na ọ malitere dị ka egwuregwu ọ mechara ghọọ nkwekọrịta.[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

=== Ihe osise ndị e sere n'elu ===
N'afọ 1991, Amer's Cinq Femmes Au Travail usoro ịdụkọta ihe iji gosi ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ ndị a kpọsara maka ụmụ nwanyị na akwụkwọ akụkọ - nlekọta ụmụaka, nhicha ụlọ, na isi nri.  A na-arụ quadriptych dị ka eserese nke ọma nke ọma na akwa akwa akwa na-enweghị isi. Nke a bụ mgbanwe maka Amer n'ihi na site na iji embroidery na gel na kwaaji dị ka onye na-emepụta ya, ọ na-etolite asụsụ nwanyị nke ya nke eserese.Cinq Femmes Au Travail na-amalite usoro dị iche iche.  ọrụ akụkọ nke na-egosi ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ihe omume quotidian, na-egosi mmasị Amer nọgidere na-enwe n'isiokwu nke &quot;ụmụ nwanyị na-agwụ ike&quot; dị ka o si kọwaa ya. N'afọ 1993, mmasị Amer nwere n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na foto ụlọ kwụsịrị na mberede. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, ọ  malitere igosi ihe ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, ihe oyiyi nke ndị inyom gba ọtọ na-enwe obi ụtọ ma ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ịkwatu echiche nke nrigbu na ihe na-adịghị mma bụ nke e jikọtara ya na ihe oyiyi ndị a ogologo oge.  “Mmekọahụ na-adị m n'obi mgbe niile n'ihi na mmadụ ekwesịghị ichefu na m si n'obodo ebe mmekọahụ na-adịghị mma na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla a kpọtụrụ aha ya.  Ma ebe ọ bụ na ihe ọ bụla a machibidoro iwu na-achọsi ike mgbe niile, ọ na-amasị m mgbe niile n'echiche a.  N’ihi ya, ikwu okwu banyere ịhụnanya n’ihe osise m na-egosi na ọ bụ akụkụ mmekọahụ.” N’afọ 2000, ọ gara n’ihu n’ọrụ ya na-ewepụta foto ụmụ nwanyị na magazin ndị dị ka Hustler na Club.  N'ime ọrụ ndị dị ka Coleurs Noires na The Slightly Smaller Colored Square Painting ọ chọtara ma kpachie ọnụ ma ọ bụ na-akpachapụ anya ma ọ bụ kechie ọnụ ma kpuchie ihe onyonyo na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ n'azụ eriri gbagọrọ agbagọ na ọkara gel.  Ọ kọwara na &quot;ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ bụ mmalite nke ihe oyiyi ahụ, mgbe ahụ ọ na-aghọ ihe ọzọ.&quot;  Nlegharị anya ya nke ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, nke sitere n'ọdịnala nke ndị nwoke na-eme maka ụmụ nwoke, na-egosi ọchịchọ na echiche efu nke nwanyị.  Mgbanwe n'usoro nke abụọ na ọrụ Amer, nke enwere ike jikọta ya na mmasị mbụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ịma mma nke ederede ederede na nke e biri ebi, jiri ihe ọkpụkpụ na nrụnye kpuchie ya na ederede ugboro ugboro.

Ọ bụ ezie na a maara ya nke ọma maka ihe osise ya, Amer na-arụkwa ọrụ na obibi akwụkwọ, eserese, ihe ọkpụkpụ na ntinye. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'afọ 2001, Ghada Amer mepụtara Encyclopedia of Pleasure, ihe a tụrụ atụ nke nwere igbe iri ise na anọ, nke e ji ákwà kpuchie, ma jiri ederede gbasara ịma mma na mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị chọọ ya mma. Ntinye ahụ nwere aha na ederede Arabic nke narị afọ nke iri na abụọ nke Ali Ibn Nasr Al Katib, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; akwụkwọ edemede na akwụkwọ ahụike nke na-edepụta obi ụtọ mmekọahụ maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nke e mepụtara n'oge ọganihu nke ọdịbendị Alakụba, mana a machibidoro Encyclopedia of Pleasure taa. Iji mee ọrụ ahụ, Amer họọrọ akụkụ nke ederede na-ekwu maka mmekọahụ na ịma mma ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe ahụ, o ji eriri ọla edo chọọ ya mma n'elu igbe iri ise na anọ e ji ákwà kpuchie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Reckoning: Women Artists of the New Millennium|author=Heartney|first=Eleanor|publisher=Prestel|pages=24–29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe atụ ọzọ nke ihe ọkpụkpụ ya bụ 100 Words of Love . Ọ bụ ihe a kpụrụ akpụ, nke na-emeghe, nke nwere ihe dị larịị, nke na'usoro, nke na na-asọ asọ nke bụ, n'ezie, otu narị okwu dị iche iche maka ịhụnanya n'asụsụ Arabic, nke edekwara na edemede Arabic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okeke-Agulu|first=C.|date=2013-03-01|title=Ghada Amer's New Sculpture|journal=Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art|language=en|volume=2013|issue=32|pages=30–35|doi=10.1215/10757163-2142350|issn=1075-7163}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikekwe ọ dabara adaba, ebe ọ bụ na Amer ka nọ n'oge mbụ nke ịchọpụta ohere nke asụsụ ọhụrụ ya, na 100 Words of Love, Baiser # 1 na Baiser # 2, na Blue Bra Girls na-atụ aro ụzọ dị iche iche nke njikwa akara, ọdịdị, na agba nwere ike ịpụta mmetụta na-enweghị njedebe nke nhazi na imewe, ọbụlagodi n'ime njedebe nke usoro globular.[3] N'ịgbaso omume nka nke ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 1970, ọ sụgharịrị ọrụ nka nke ụmụnwaanyị n'ụdị nka nke na-enwekarị, n'ime oghere nke ákwà ahụ, agbata obi anya na-enweghị atụ. Ihe osise na ihe osise ọhụrụ ya chọrọ echiche dị iche na isiokwu a, kpọmkwem n'ihi na usoro ịkpụ ọ chọrọ bụ ọrụ nwoke.[3] Iji jide n'aka, ojiji o ji resin, stainless steel, na nchara kpụọ iji mee ihe ndị a anaghị atụ aro ụdị ntinye aka dị egwu na nka nke ihe ngosi ya mere na ihe osise ya afọ iri gara aga.[3]&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Nrụnye ===
O mepụtala ọrụ ọha dịka Love Park (1999) na Santa Fe, New Mexico.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọrụ ubi ya, usoro nrụnye n'èzí ọ malitere dị ka mgbalị iji tụgharịa uche ya banyere &quot;ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị&quot; site na ịcha akwa na akwa akwa gaa n'èzí, ihe ọkpụkpụ yiri ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, àgwà ụmụ nwanyị nwere ihe odide floral na akwa ifuru asatọ.  na ala nke Metropolitan Art Museum.  Amer jụrụ ndị na-agafe n'akụkụ ebe ngosi nka ụdị àgwà ha ga-enye ụmụ nwanyị.  Okwu ndị dị ka “docile,” “dị ụtọ,” “ịta ụta ogologo oge,” na “amaghị nwoke” bụ okwu ole na ole a na-ejikarị akọwa “àgwà ụmụ nwanyị.”  N'ịgbaso ihe omume nke Septemba 11, 2001, ọrụ Amer malitere inyocha isiokwu ebubo nke iyi ọha egwu Islam.  Asụsụ ụjọ (2005) nwere akwụkwọ ahụaja pink na-egbuke egbuke nke e ji okpu ọla edo chọọ ya mma na ụkpụrụ lattice nke o denyere ọtụtụ nkọwa nke okwu iyi ọha egwu.  N'asụsụ Arabic, enweghị nkọwa nke iyi ọha egwu.  O mere efere, iko, akwa akwa, na tray liner nwere nkebi ahịrịokwu bụ &quot;Edeghị egwu egwu n'akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Arabic.&quot;  La Salon Courbé (2007) lebara isiokwu ndị yiri nke ahụ anya.  Ọ rụnyere ụlọ ịse ihe ịchọ mma nke a na-ahụkarị n'ụlọ ndị mara mma n'ofe Ijipt.  Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ụlọ ahụ adịghị amasị ka o si yie.  Edere ụkpụrụ nke kapeeti ahụ na naanị Arabic pụtara okwu iyi ọha egwu nke Amer nwere ike ịchọta. Nkuchi Amer nke ụmụ nwanyị gba ọtọ ma ọ bụ ọkara gba ọtọ dị ka ihe osise na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na ọrụ ya na-ewere akụkụ echiche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị akọ.  ma ọ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okeke-Agulu|first=Chika|date=2009|title=Politics by Other Means: Two Egyptian Artists, GAZBIA SIRRY and GHADA AMER|journal=Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art|language=en|volume=2009|issue=25|pages=8–29|doi=10.1215/10757163-2009-25-8|issn=1075-7163}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime ọrụ ya nke karịrị afọ iri abụọ, ọrụ Amer na-ekwu maka ụmụ nwanyị na echiche ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị, yana njirimara ndị America na ndị Alakụba. N'agbanyeghị ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọzụzụ Alakụba ya na ụdị omume ọdịda anyanwụ, ọrụ Amer na-ekwu maka nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị, nke jupụtara n'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị. &quot;Anọ m na Cairo n'etiti ọnwa Ọgọstụ [1988] ma mụ na nne m nọ n'etiti obodo mgbe m hụrụ magazin a na-akpọ Venus. Ọ dọtara uche m n'ihi na mkpuchi ya na-agụ: &quot;Mbupụta pụrụ iche maka ụmụ nwanyị kpuchiri ekpuchi - ọnwa Ọgost. &quot;Afọ 1980 niile bụ nnukwu ihe na-adọta maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'Ijipt. N'oge okpomọkụ ọ bụla m nọ n&quot; Ịhụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ụmụ nwanyị kpuchie ekpuchi ekpuchi ekpuru ekpuchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ọrụ Amer na-agbaso ọdịnala nke oge a nke omume nkatọ megide ikpuchi, nke, dị ka Qassem Amin, Huda Sha'rawi, na Duriyah Shafiq rụrụ ụka ọtụtụ iri afọ tupu, na-anọchite anya ihe nnọchianya a na-ahụ anya nke ike ndị a na-emegide nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị.[1] Site n'ịgba ụmụ nwanyị ume iji ahụ ha mee ihe dị ka ụgbọ njem ntụrụndụ na ngwá ọrụ ike, Amer na-ejikọ onwe ya na ụdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwoke na nwanyị nke aha ya ka na-ese okwu. Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya Third Wave Feminism ma ọ bụ Postfeminism, ma ọ bụ katọọ ya dị ka ọ dịghị nwanyị ọ bụla, ọchịchọ iweghachite mmekọahụ nke ahụ nwanyị maka obi ụtọ nwanyị anọwo na-enweta ego na nkatọ nwoke na nwanyị nke Anglo-American. N'inwe olile anya ịgafe ọdịnala mara mma (nke mbụ Laura Mulvey chọpụtara) nke ụmụ nwoke bụ ndị na-ebu anya na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na ụmụ nwanyị naanị ihe ya, ndị nkatọ achọtala iweghachi mmekọahụ n'ime isiokwu nwanyị. N'afọ ndị 1990, Johanna Drucker, Amelia Jones, na Mulvey n'onwe ya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, choro ụzọ ọhụrụ iji chee echiche banyere obi ụtọ anya n'enweghị ịchụ mmekọahụ nwanyị n'àjà. N'ịgafe voyeurism iji nabata ngosipụta, Amer kwuru, &quot;Echere m na ụmụ nwanyị na-amasị igosi ahụ ha na ụmụ nwoke na-achọ ile ha anya. [N'ọrụ ndị a] enwere ihe na-ezo aka na masturbation maka ụmụ nwanyị, na ntụrụndụ. &quot;  Nrubeisi nke ụmụ nwanyị na ọchịchị aka ike nke ndụ ụlọ, ememe nke mmekọahụ na obi ụtọ, enweghị nghọta nke ịhụnanya, nzuzu nke agha na ime ihe ike, na ịchọ mma n'ozuzu ya, mejupụtara ókèala nke ọ na-enyocha ma gosipụta na nka ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dexigner.com/news/13045|title=Ghada Amer: Love Has No End|date=1 January 2008|accessdate=8 March 2015|work=Dexigner|author=Ozler|first=Levent|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114034202/https://www.dexigner.com/news/13045|archivedate=14 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Ihe ngosi onwe onye ===
E gosila ọrụ Amer n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo n'ebe ndị dị ka Cheim &amp; Read, New York;  Deitch Projects, New York;  P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, New York;  nke 2000 Gwangju Biennale, South Korea;  SITE Santa Fe, New Mexico;  1999 Venice Biennale;  Gagosian Gallery, London;  na Gagosian Gallery, Beverly Hills. Ọ bụ onye mbụ Arab omenkà nwere ihe ngosi otu onye na Tel Aviv Museum of Art.

A na-eji nkọwa nke ọrụ ya, Knotty but Nice, mee ihe na mkpuchi nke mbipụta September 2006 nke magazin ARTnews, dị ka akụkụ nke nleba anya na nkà agụụ mmekọahụ. Ụfọdụ ihe ngosi nke solo ya gụnyere 1996 Hanes Art Center, UNC-Chapel Hill.  , 2001 Ghada Amer: Ụtọ, Contemporary Art Museum, Houston, na 2004 Valencia, Spain, na 2007 Ghada Amer na Reza Farkhondeh: Ihe osise na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, Kukje Gallery na Seoul. 

N'afọ 2010 Amer na Farkhondeh gosipụtara The Gardens n'akụkụ ya na Galeria na Lisbon, Portugal.

Ghada Amer gosipụtara na Montreal's Musee d'Art Contemporain na 2012.

Amer gosipụtara Rainbow Girls na Cheim &amp; Read, New York na 2014 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghada Amer by Cheim Read - Issuu|url=https://issuu.com/cheimread/docs/031314_ghada_amer_trif|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=issuu.com|date=3 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ a nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa gụnyere ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla mara mma yana ihe ịchọ mma na ákwà. Ọrụ a sitere na calligraphy site na ederede Arabic gaa na mkpụrụedemede 'nke oge a' nke a kpara iji mepụta tapestries nke 'ụmụ agbọghọ Rainbow' bụ ndị a na-akpọ ihe ngosi ahụ.

Amer gosipụtara nchịkọta nke ọrụ ite na Dallas Contemporary na 2018. A kpọrọ ihe ngosi ahụ Ceramics, Knots, Thoughts, Scraps.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Goodman Gallery|url=https://www.goodman-gallery.com/news/3979|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=www.goodman-gallery.com|archivedate=2022-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921211559/https://www.goodman-gallery.com/news/3979}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramics, Knots, Thoughts, Scraps - Dallas Contemporary - Other Exhibitions - Tina Kim Gallery|url=https://www.tinakimgallery.com/other-exhibitions/ceramics-knots-thoughts-scraps#tab:slideshow|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=www.tinakimgallery.com|archivedate=2022-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921211557/https://www.tinakimgallery.com/other-exhibitions/ceramics-knots-thoughts-scraps#tab:slideshow}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Zech|first=Brandon|title=Ghada Amer: Ceramics, Knots, Thoughts, and Scraps|url=https://glasstire.com/events/2018/09/20/ghada-amer-ceramics-knots-thoughts-and-scraps/|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=Glasstire|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramics, Knots, Thoughts, Scraps|url=https://www.artforum.com/artguide/dallas-contemporary-2503/ceramics-knots-thoughts-scraps-160601|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=www.artforum.com|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921211605/https://www.artforum.com/artguide/dallas-contemporary-2503/ceramics-knots-thoughts-scraps-160601|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amer gosipụtara na Cheim &amp; Read na London na 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghada Amer - Artists - Cheim Read|url=https://www.cheimread.com/artists/ghada-amer|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=www.cheimread.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amer's Women I know, Part I gosipụtara na Kewenig Gallery na Berlin, Germany na 2021. Ihe ngosi a gụnyere ọrụ ite na foto nke ụmụ nwanyị Amer maara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exhibitions|url=https://ghadaamer.com/exhibitions/|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=Ghada Amer|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa na 2021, ndị otu ọha na eze lere ihe ngosi nke Women's Qualities, ihe ngosi nke bio art / landscape / 'sculpture park' na Sunnylands Center na Gardens na ndagwurugwu Coachella nke California.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghada Amer, Women's Qualities, 2020|url=https://marianneboeskygallery.com/artists/33-ghada-amer/works/26095-ghada-amer-women-s-qualities-2020/|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=Marianne Boesky Gallery|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Ghada Amer gosipụtara My Body, My Choice na Goodman Gallery na London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goodman Gallery&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Goodman Gallery|url=https://www.goodman-gallery.com/exhibitions/london-gallery-ghada-amer-my-body-my-choice|accessdate=2022-09-21|work=www.goodman-gallery.com|archivedate=2022-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921211600/https://www.goodman-gallery.com/exhibitions/london-gallery-ghada-amer-my-body-my-choice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi a mikpuru ọha na eze na mmasị nka dị iche iche nke Amer. Ihe ngosi ubi nke gosipụtara itinye ego Amer na nka okike ma ọ bụ nka ndụ na ihe osise nwere ahịrịokwu ndị a chọrọ mma na-enyocha ihe onye na-ese ihe kpọrọ, &quot;ịlaghachi azụ nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị&quot; [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Goodman Gallery&quot; /&gt;

=== Ihe ngosi ìgwè ===
Ọrụ otu ya gụnyere New York; 1997 Johannesburg Biennale, 2000 Whitney Biennial, 2006 Without Boundary: Seventeen Ways of Looking, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2008 Demons, Yarns and Tales: Tapestry by Contemporary Artists, The Dairy, London, 2009 Against Exclusion, 3rd Moscow Biennale.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ghada Amer|url=https://archive.org/details/ghadaamer0000reil|author=Reilly|first=Maura|publisher=Gregory R. Miller &amp; Co., New York|year=2010|isbn=978-0-9800242-0-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2003, ọrụ Amer gụnyere n'ịchọ ụzọ abụọ a: Art of the Contemporary African Diaspora na Museum for African Art na Queens.  Na mbido 2008, e gosipụtara nlegharị anya ọrụ ya, nke Maura Reilly mere, na Brooklyn Museum of Art, na ebe ngosi nka Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art.  N'otu afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Chiara Clemente &quot;Nrọ Obodo Anyị&quot;.  Na 2014 na 2015, ọrụ ya gụnyere na ihe ngosi njem &quot;The Divine Comedy: Heaven, Purgatory and Hell Revisited by Contemporary African Artists&quot; nke Simon Njami chepụtara.'[[Simon Njami|i]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.scadmoa.org/art/2014/divine-comedy-heaven-purgatory-hell-african-artists|title=THE DIVINE COMEDY: Heaven, Purgatory and Hell Revisited by Contemporary African Artists|accessdate=8 March 2015|work=Exhibitions|publisher=Savannah College of Art and Design}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado na onyinye ==
2009: Artist-in-Residence, Leroy Nieman Center for Print Studies, Columbia University, New York 2008: Artist-in-Residence, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Artist-in-Residence, Pace Prints Chelsea, New York 2007:  Smithsonian Artist Research Fellowship Programme, Washington, D.C., Artist-in-Residence, Singapore Tyler Print Institute, Singapore 2005: Artist-in-Residence, H&amp;R Block Artspace na Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City, Missouri 1999: Artist-in-Residence  , Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, UNESCO Prize, 48th International Art Exhibition, La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, Italy 1997: Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant, New York&gt; 1996: Artist-in-Residence, University of North Carolina  , Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze

== Nchịkọta ọha na eze ==

* Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà nke Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/gallery/ghada_amer.php|title=Ghada Amer: Biography|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|accessdate=1 February 2014|archivedate=18 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218210340/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/gallery/ghada_amer.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama, United States [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot; /&gt;
* Centre Pompidou, Paris, France[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot; /&gt;
* Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan, United States 
* Fond National d'Art Contemporain (FNAC), Paris, France[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150321061717/http://www.ghadaamer.com/ghada/Biography.html Ghada Amer Website Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321061717/http://www.ghadaamer.com/ghada/Biography.html |date=2015-03-21 }}. Retrieved 7 March 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Fonds Régional d'Art Contemporain (FRAC), Auvergne, France [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Fonds Régional d'Art Contemporain (FRAC), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Guggenheim Museum, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Ermites (UAE) [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Hood Art Museum, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* LaM Museum, Lille Métropole Musée d'Art Moderne, d'Art Contemporain et d'Art Brut, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://collections.artsmia.org/art/109234/les-flaneuses-ghada-amer|title=LES FLÂNEUSES, Ghada Amer ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art|work=collections.artsmia.org|accessdate=2018-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ebe ngosi nka Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf, Germany[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot; /&gt;
* Neuberger Berman Art Collection, New York City, New York, United States[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Sammlung Goetz, Munich, Germany[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Samsung Museum of Art, Seoul, South Korea[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot; /&gt;
* Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Kentucky, United States [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;
* Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot; /&gt;
* Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, United States [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmerBio&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.ghadaamer.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ onye na-ese ihe]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241204004513/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/ghada_amer Ihe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Brooklyn, Ghada Amer: Ịhụnanya Enweghị Ọgwụgwụ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241127160953/https://www.goodman-gallery.com/artists/ghada-amer Ghada Amer na Goodman Gallery]
* Nchịkọta Ghada Amerna Israel Museum. E nwetara ya na Septemba 2016.
* Marie [[Christine Eyene]] &quot;Ghada Amer, site na porn na-ewu ewu gaa na ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke ndị Arab&quot; Africultures''Ọdịbendị Afrịka''
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nadia El Fani</title>
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      <text bytes="13064" sha1="iq5d40wub5jek6w9cw0s7vyhbmtpvd4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{Infobox person|name=Nadia El Fani|image=Roma - Nadia El Fani.jpg|alt=|caption=Fani in 2015 in Rome.|birth_date=1960|birth_place=[[Paris]], [[France]]|death_date=|death_place=|nationality={{hlist | Tunisian | French}}|alma_mater=|occupation={{hlist | Film director | screenwriter | speaker | political activist}}|years_active=1982–present|known_for=|movement=[[Secular movement]]}}

'''Nadia El Fani''' ({{lang-ar|نادية الفاني}}; born 1960 in Paris), is a French-Tunisian film director, screenwriter and producer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nadia El Fani|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0252634/|accessdate=2020-10-09|work=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has primarily directed documentary films about human rights, women's rights, secularism, and criticism of religion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Nadia El Fani est l'invitée du Forum des cultures {{!}} DW {{!}} 18.10.2011|url=https://www.dw.com/fr/nadia-el-fani-est-linvit%C3%A9e-du-forum-des-cultures/a-15467041|accessdate=2020-10-09|work=DW.COM|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Ọrụ ya ruo n'afọ 2011 ===
A mụrụ Nadia El Fani n'aka nne French na nna Tunisian. Nna ya Béchir El Fani bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nke Tunisian Communist Party mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nadia El Fani|url=https://www.franceinter.fr/personne-nadia-el-fani|work=[[France Inter|franceinter.fr]]|language=fr|accessdate=14 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri ya bụ ''Ouled Lenin'' .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Entre manipulation télévisuelle et justesse cinématographique|url=http://attariq.org/spip.php?article162|work=Attariq Al Jadid|language=fr|date=4 November 2008|accessdate=30 September 2017|archivedate=30 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930132647/http://attariq.org/spip.php?article162}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri Sofian El Fani.

Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na sinima dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ na 1982 na ihe nkiri Misunderstood nke Jerry Schatzberg,&lt;ref name=&quot;allo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nadia El-Fani|url=http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=91638.html|work=[[Allociné|allocine.fr]]|accessdate=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a gbara na Tunisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schatzberg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Misunderstood (1984) - Filming Locations|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087730/locations|work=[[Internet Movie Database|imdb.com]]|language=en|accessdate=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ osote onye nduzi ma soro, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Roman Polanski, [[Nouri Bouzid]], Romain Goupil na Franco Zeffirelli rụọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1990, o duziri ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ ya ma mepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta vidiyo mbụ ya na Tunisia, Z&quot;Yeux Noirs Movies, iji mepụta ma duzie ihe nkiri ya na mba a.[3] N'ịbụ onye dị nso n'òtù ndị agha ụmụ nwanyị nke Tunisia, ọ malitere ime ihe ngosi na 1993 na Femmes Leader du Maghreb na Tanitez-moi . [3]&lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot; /&gt;

El Fani kwagara Paris n'afọ 2002, n'oge mmepụta nke ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo mbụ ya, ''Bedwin Hacker'' .&lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot;/&gt; Ọ chọrọ ịgbanahụ ọchịchị Ben Ali,  ndị Tunisia nke o chere na ọ na-aghọwanye ndị na-agbaso omenala n'ihi nrụgide nke Ndị Alakụba, na egwu ọ natara maka ihe nkiri abụọ na-ese okwu na ''Bedwin Hacker''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-monde/20110509.RUE2231/tunisie-nadia-el-fani-cineaste-menacee-de-mort-parce-qu-athee.html|title=Tunisie : Nadia El Fani, cinéaste menacée de mort parce qu'athée|author=Sophie Caillat|work=[[L'Obs]]|date=9 May 2011|accessdate=13 March 2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sanogo|first=Aboubakar|title=IN FOCUS: Studying African Cinema and Media Today|url=https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cmstudies.org/resource/resmgr/In_Focus_Archive/InFocus_54-2.pdf|work=Cinema Journal|accessdate=2024-05-27|archivedate=2023-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108161105/https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cmstudies.org/resource/resmgr/In_Focus_Archive/InFocus_54-2.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 26:10 Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o duziri ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, gụnyere ''Ouled Lenin'' na 2008. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2009, a chọpụtara na El Fani nwere Ọrịa kansa ara, wee malite [[Ọgwụ Ọgwụ|ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ]], na-akpata ntutu isi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rolin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/societe/nadia-el-fani-liberte-egalite-laicite-231011-184292|title=Nadia El Fani, Liberté, égalité, laïcité|author=Gaëlle Rolin|work=[[Madame Figaro]]|date=23 October 2011|accessdate=14 March 2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chennaoui&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://nawaat.org/portail/2015/12/01/nadia-el-fani-fait-son-cinema/|title=Nadia El Fani fait son Cinéma ?|author=Henda Chennaoui|work=[[Nawaat]]|date=1 December 2015|accessdate=14 March 2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọ bụghị Allah ma ọ bụ Master arụmụka ===
[[Usòrò:Tunisian_Filmmaker_Nadia_El_Fani_on_“Neither_Allah_nor_Master”.webm|thumb|El Fani na-atụle esemokwu nke Allah ma ọ bụ Master na Secular Conference 2014 na London.]]
Ihe omuma 2011 Neither Allah ni Master (Ni Allah ni Maître, a play on the Ni Dieu ni maître slogan chepụtara site French socialist Louis Auguste Blanqui na 1880), weputara na France n'okpuru aha Laïcité, Inch'Allah !  (&quot;Secularism, God willing!&quot;), na-akọwa ihe omume ndị dugara na Mgbanwe Tunisian na ndị na-eso ya ozugbo, na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ Islam na ọha na eze. N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, El Fani kwuru na ọdịda Ben Ali ekwesịghị naanị iweta nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kamakwa nnwere onwe okpukpe. Ọ na-agbachitere laïcité (secularism) ma na-adọ aka ná ntị megide egwu nke Islamism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/tunisian-filmmaker-i-used-to-believe-in-boycotts-but-no-longer-do/|title=Exiled Tunisian filmmaker comes to Tel Aviv to explain the revolution she documented|author=Elhanan Miller|work=The Times of Israel|date=8 June 2012|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ngwụcha Eprel 2011, Hannibal TV kpọrọ El Fani ka ọ kwurịta ihe nkiri ọhụrụ ya na telivishọn n'ụlọ ihe nkiri ya na mmadụ 500. Ọ kọrọ na a ghọtara ozi nke ihe nkiri ya nke ọma, ọ nweghịkwa mmegide sitere n'aka ndị na-ege ntị n'ime ụlọ ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na o kwenyesiri ike na ọ bụ Onye na-ekweghị na Chineke n'onwe ya, o kwuru na ''Ma Allah ma Nna Ukwu'' &quot;abụghị ndị na-emegide okpukpe&quot;, kama ọ bụ nkwado nkewa nke okpukpe na steeti. N'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o nwere isi nkwọcha n'ihi na ọ ka na-agwọ ọrịa ọgwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot;/&gt;

An edited shorter version of the interview went viral online shortly after, causing an Islamist{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} backlash.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot;/&gt; During the film's premiere in April 2011 in Tunis, dozens of Islamists {{citation needed|date=May 2022}} attacked the cinema, breaking down the door shouting ''Allahu akbar!'' with black flags and effectively preventing the screening. Islamist lawyers filed complaints against her film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller&quot;/&gt; El Fani received numerous death threats for being an atheist and bald and was the target of massive defamation on social media.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot; /&gt; One person on social media promised 200 million dinars to whoever would kill her.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ditmars&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mei.edu/content/article/tunisian-filmmaker-comes-home|title=Nadia el-Fani: a soldier of secularism fights on|author=Hadani Ditmars|work=Middle East Institute|date=15 February 2018|accessdate=14 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; She decided to flee Tunisia and once again return to France to escape persecution and imprisonment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/daniel-silas-adamson/my-enemy%E2%80%99s-enemy-battle-for-secularism|title=My enemy's enemy - the battle for secularism|author=Daniel Silas Adamson|work=OpenDemocracy|date=22 October 2014|accessdate=13 March 2018|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911191938/https://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/daniel-silas-adamson/my-enemy%E2%80%99s-enemy-battle-for-secularism|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe nkiri ya gosipụtara na France na 21 Septemba 2011 n'aha Laïcité, Inch'Allah !''Laïcité, Inch'Allah! '', ọ natakwara Prix Internationale de la laïcité maka ya. Ọ nọkwa na-agbake site na ọrịa kansa ya, na-eme ihe ọchị na &quot;The Revolution bụ ọgwụ kachasị mma&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ tụrụ anya ịlaghachi Tunisia &quot;ịdị n'ebe ahụ ma mechaa nweere onwe ya&quot;, ọ tụrụ egwu ịga na na a ga-anapụ ya paspọtụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rolin&quot;/&gt;

=== Ọrụ ya mgbe afọ 2011 gasịrị ===
El Fani duziri Even not bad in 2012. N'ime ya, ọ na-eji ọgụ ya na ọrịa kansa ara tụnyere ọgụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị megide Islam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chennaoui&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe e jidere onye Tunisian FEMEN na-eme ngagharị iwe Amina Tyler maka itinye foto ya gba ọtọ n'ịntanetị na 2013, El Fani bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị kwadoro ya. O kesara onyinyo nke onwe ya na Facebook na nkwupụta dị n'obi ya: &quot;Ezu m bụ nke m ma ọ bụghị isi iyi nke nsọpụrụ onye ọ bụla. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nadine-faraj-feminist-watercolors_us_57fff4f2e4b0162c043afff2|title=Paintings Of Feminist Protestors Celebrate The Women Who Bare It All To Fight Back|author=Priscilla Frank|work=HuffPost|date=17 November 2016|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2013, ọ so duzie Nos seins, nos armes !''Obi anyị, ngwá agha anyị! '', ihe ngosi banyere òtù FEMEN maka France 2.

N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2017, a chụpụrụ mkpesa isii e tinyere megide ya n'afọ 2011 mgbe a gbasịrị ihe nkiri ya bụ Neither Allah nor Master.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cinéma : les plaintes contre Nadia El Fani classées sans suite|url=http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2017/06/02/cinema-les-plaintes-contre-nadia-el-fani-classees-sans-suite/|work=kapitalis.com|language=fr|date=2 June 2017|accessdate=26 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, ọ laghachiri Tunisia iji gosipụta ihe nkiri ya bụ Même pas mal .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=''Même pas mal'' de Nadia El Fani aux JCC 2017|url=http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2017/10/24/meme-pas-mal-de-nadia-el-fani-aux-jcc-2017/|work=kapitalis.com|language=fr|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=18 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ oge mbụ n'ime afọ isii ọ gara Tunisia wee hụ nna ya, n'oge ahụ steeti machibidoro ihe nkiri ya niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ditmars&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
[[Usòrò:Nadia_El_Fani.webm|thumb|Nadia El Fani na-ekwu maka ọrụ ya na mmeghachi omume ndị na-ege ntị na Secular Conference 2017.]]

* 1990: Pour le plaisir (&quot;For the Pleasure&quot;, obere akụkọ ifo) - onye nduzi
* 1992: Fifty-fifty mon amour (&quot;Fifty-fities My Love&quot;, obere akụkọ ifo) - onye nduzi
* 1993: Femmes Leader du Maghreb (&quot;Women Leader of the Maghreb&quot;, ogologo ihe nkiri) - onye nduzi
* 1993: Tanitez-moi (ihe nkiri ogologo) - onye nduzi
* 1995: Mon cœur est témoin (&quot;''Obi m bụ onye akaebe'' m&quot;, Quebec-Tunisian long documentary film nke Louise Carré) - onye na-emepụta
* 1998: Tant qu'il y aura de la pelloche (&quot;As Long As There Is Film&quot;, obere Ihe nkiri) - onye nduzi
* 2003: ''Bedwin Hacker'' (&quot;Bedouin Hacker&quot;, ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo ogologo) - onye nduzi, onye edemede na onye na-emepụta
* 2005: Jikọọ ọnụ, oge agafeela!  (&quot;Unite, It's Never Too Late!&quot;, maka usoro ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Paris la métisse (&quot;The Mixed Paris&quot;)) - onye nduzi
* 2007: ''Ouled Lenin'' (&quot;Lenin's Children&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo) - onye nduzi
* 2011: Ni Allah ni Maître (&quot;Ọ bụghị Allah ma ọ bụ Nna&quot;), wepụtara na France n'okpuru aha Laïcité, Inch'Allah !  (&quot;Laïcité, ''Inshallah!''&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo) - onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta
* 2012: Même pas mal (&quot;Ọ bụghịdị ihe na-emerụ ahụ&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo oge) - onye nduzi (ya na Alina Isabel Pérez) na onye edemede
* 2013: ''Obi anyị, ngwá agha anyị! ''  (&quot;Our Breasts, Our Weapons!&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo maka France 2 banyere òtù FEMEN) - onye nduzi (ya na Caroline Fourest) 

== Nkwado ==
N'afọ 2011, El Fani natara Prix de la laïcité (&quot;Secularism Award&quot;) site na Comité Laïcité République na France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Les lauréats du Prix de la Laïcité et les présidents du jury depuis 2003|url=http://www.laicite-republique.org/les-laureats-du-prix-de-la-laicite-et-les-presidents-du-jury-depuis-2003.html|work=laicite-republique.org|language=fr|date=7 September 2017|accessdate=10 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2013, ọ meriri ihe nrite [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] maka Best Feature Documentary maka Même Pas Mal .

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:1960 births]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fatima Boubekdi</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Fatima Boubekdi''' (amụrụ Mee 17, 1970, na Casablanca) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwetara ihe nrite sitere na Morocco.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Mgbe ọzụzụ egwuregwu dị mkpirikpi na Casablanca, na Rabat na High Institute of Theatrical Arts and Cultural Animation, Boubekdi chọpụtara penchant maka nduzi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na [[Farida Bourquia]] na 1995 dị ka osote onye nduzi. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o dere ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mohamed Ismaïl, Hassan Benjelloun na Abdelmajid R'chich . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Portrait. Lumière sur Fatima Boubekdi|url=https://telquel.ma/2012/03/15/portrait-lumiere-sur-fatima-boubekdi_1587?fbrefresh=7|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Telquel.ma|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fatima Boubekdi : L'écriture du scénario demeure un problème commun aux courts et longs métrages|url=https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Libération|language=fr|archivedate=2024-02-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229205651/https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1999, ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri telivishọn mbụ ya, ''The Door of Hope'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2006, ọ meriri ihe nrite atọ na mbipụta nke abụọ nke National Amazigh Film Festival maka ''Hammou Ounamir'' (Grand Prize, Best Directing) na ''Imoran'' (Kachasị Mma Screenplay). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi rafle les Prix|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2006/Festival-du-film-amazigh-de-Ouarzazate_La-realisatrice-Fatima-Boubekdi-rafle-les-Prix/65184.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2021, Boubekdi weputara ihe nkiri izizi ya, ''Annatto'' .

Onye na-ese ihe nkiri, bụ onye na-asụ Arabic na Berber, nwere mmasị na omenala Amazigh, asụsụ bụ isi n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ya bụ Berber, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yc45MFUXIlwC&amp;dq=Boubekdi&amp;pg=PA193|title=De l'art de la narration tamazight (berbère): 200 ans d'études : état des lieux et perspectives|date=2006|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1767-5|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana akụkọ ifo na akụkọ Moroccan, ma isiokwu na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na fim ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi plaide pour un cinéma orienté vers l'histoire du Royaume|url=http://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/societe-et-regions/la-realisatrice-fatima-boubekdi-plaide-pour-un-cinema-oriente-vers-lhistoire-du-royaume/|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=MAP Express|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''Kabran Hmad'' (2005) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZjODwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Boubekdi&amp;pg=PT26|title=Les cinémas berbères: De la méconnaissance aux festivals nationaux|date=2019-11-04|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-8111-2311-6|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVQ9wH-kOCgC&amp;q=Fatima+Boubekdi|title=كتابة النسائية بالمغرب: دراسات وببليوغرافيا|date=2001|publisher=Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines|isbn=978-9981-911-07-9|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hammou Ounamir'' (2006)
* ''Imuran'' (2006)
* ''Ọnụ ụzọ olileanya (2006)''
* ''Annatto'' (2021) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMATIN&quot;&gt;MATIN, LE. [https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html &quot;Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage &quot;Annatto&quot;&quot;]. ''Le Matin'' (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-11-18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fatima Ali Boubekdi revient avec sa première fiction &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/fatima-ali-boubekdi-revient-avec-sa-premiere-fiction-annatto|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mohamed Ismaïl, Hassan Benjelloun na Abdelmajid R'chich{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boubekdi, Fatima}}
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{{Databox}}'''Fatima Boubekdi''' (amụrụ Mee 17, 1970, na Casablanca) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwetara ihe nrite sitere na Morocco.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Mgbe ọzụzụ egwuregwu dị mkpirikpi na Casablanca, na Rabat na High Institute of Theatrical Arts and Cultural Animation, Boubekdi chọpụtara penchant maka nduzi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na [[Farida Bourquia]] na 1995 dị ka osote onye nduzi. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o dere ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mohamed Ismaïl, Hassan Benjelloun na Abdelmajid R'chich . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Portrait. Lumière sur Fatima Boubekdi|url=https://telquel.ma/2012/03/15/portrait-lumiere-sur-fatima-boubekdi_1587?fbrefresh=7|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Telquel.ma|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fatima Boubekdi : L'écriture du scénario demeure un problème commun aux courts et longs métrages|url=https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Libération|language=fr|archivedate=2024-02-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229205651/https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1999, ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri telivishọn mbụ ya, ''The Door of Hope'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2006, ọ meriri ihe nrite atọ na mbipụta nke abụọ nke National Amazigh Film Festival maka ''Hammou Ounamir'' (Grand Prize, Best Directing) na ''Imoran'' (Kachasị Mma Screenplay). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi rafle les Prix|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2006/Festival-du-film-amazigh-de-Ouarzazate_La-realisatrice-Fatima-Boubekdi-rafle-les-Prix/65184.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2021, Boubekdi weputara ihe nkiri izizi ya, ''Annatto'' .

Onye na-ese ihe nkiri, bụ onye na-asụ Arabic na Berber, nwere mmasị na omenala Amazigh, asụsụ bụ isi n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ya bụ Berber, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yc45MFUXIlwC&amp;dq=Boubekdi&amp;pg=PA193|title=De l'art de la narration tamazight (berbère): 200 ans d'études : état des lieux et perspectives|date=2006|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1767-5|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana akụkọ ifo na akụkọ Moroccan, ma isiokwu na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na fim ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi plaide pour un cinéma orienté vers l'histoire du Royaume|url=http://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/societe-et-regions/la-realisatrice-fatima-boubekdi-plaide-pour-un-cinema-oriente-vers-lhistoire-du-royaume/|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=MAP Express|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''Kabran Hmad'' (2005) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZjODwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Boubekdi&amp;pg=PT26|title=Les cinémas berbères: De la méconnaissance aux festivals nationaux|date=2019-11-04|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-8111-2311-6|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVQ9wH-kOCgC&amp;q=Fatima+Boubekdi|title=كتابة النسائية بالمغرب: دراسات وببليوغرافيا|date=2001|publisher=Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines|isbn=978-9981-911-07-9|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hammou Ounamir'' (2006)
* ''Imuran'' (2006)
* ''Ọnụ ụzọ olileanya (2006)''
* ''Annatto'' (2021)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Matin | first=Le | title=Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage «Annatto» | publisher=Le matin.ma | date=2021-09-14 | url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html | language=fr | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fatima Ali Boubekdi revient avec sa première fiction &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/fatima-ali-boubekdi-revient-avec-sa-premiere-fiction-annatto|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mohamed Ismaïl, Hassan Benjelloun na Abdelmajid R'chich{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boubekdi, Fatima}}
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{{Databox}}'''Fatima Boubekdi''' (amụrụ Mee 17, 1970, na Casablanca) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwetara ihe nrite sitere na Morocco.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Mgbe ọzụzụ egwuregwu dị mkpirikpi na Casablanca, na Rabat na High Institute of Theatrical Arts and Cultural Animation, Boubekdi chọpụtara penchant maka nduzi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na [[Farida Bourquia]] na 1995 dị ka osote onye nduzi. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o dere ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mohamed Ismaïl, Hassan Benjelloun na Abdelmajid R'chich . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Portrait. Lumière sur Fatima Boubekdi|url=https://telquel.ma/2012/03/15/portrait-lumiere-sur-fatima-boubekdi_1587?fbrefresh=7|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Telquel.ma|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fatima Boubekdi : L'écriture du scénario demeure un problème commun aux courts et longs métrages|url=https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Libération|language=fr|archivedate=2024-02-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229205651/https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1999, ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri telivishọn mbụ ya, ''The Door of Hope'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2006, ọ meriri ihe nrite atọ na mbipụta nke abụọ nke National Amazigh Film Festival maka ''Hammou Ounamir'' (Grand Prize, Best Directing) na ''Imoran'' (Kachasị Mma Screenplay). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi rafle les Prix|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2006/Festival-du-film-amazigh-de-Ouarzazate_La-realisatrice-Fatima-Boubekdi-rafle-les-Prix/65184.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2021, Boubekdi weputara ihe nkiri izizi ya, ''Annatto'' .

Onye na-ese ihe nkiri, bụ onye na-asụ Arabic na Berber, nwere mmasị na omenala Amazigh, asụsụ bụ isi n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ya bụ Berber, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yc45MFUXIlwC&amp;dq=Boubekdi&amp;pg=PA193|title=De l'art de la narration tamazight (berbère): 200 ans d'études : état des lieux et perspectives|date=2006|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1767-5|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana akụkọ ifo na akụkọ Moroccan, ma isiokwu na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na fim ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi plaide pour un cinéma orienté vers l'histoire du Royaume|url=http://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/societe-et-regions/la-realisatrice-fatima-boubekdi-plaide-pour-un-cinema-oriente-vers-lhistoire-du-royaume/|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=MAP Express|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''Kabran Hmad'' (2005) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZjODwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Boubekdi&amp;pg=PT26|title=Les cinémas berbères: De la méconnaissance aux festivals nationaux|date=2019-11-04|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-8111-2311-6|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVQ9wH-kOCgC&amp;q=Fatima+Boubekdi|title=كتابة النسائية بالمغرب: دراسات وببليوغرافيا|date=2001|publisher=Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines|isbn=978-9981-911-07-9|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hammou Ounamir'' (2006)
* ''Imuran'' (2006)
* ''Ọnụ ụzọ olileanya (2006)''
* ''Annatto'' (2021)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Matin | first=Le | title=Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage «Annatto» | publisher=Le matin.ma | date=2021-09-14 | url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html | language=fr | access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fatima Ali Boubekdi revient avec sa première fiction &quot;Annatto&quot;|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/fatima-ali-boubekdi-revient-avec-sa-premiere-fiction-annatto|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boubekdi, Fatima}}
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      <text bytes="6708" sha1="53b2vraaww32uatv6d5mm0dt2zcpxfy" xml:space="preserve"> [[File:Sculpture of Elijah Pierce.jpg|thumb|Elijah Pierce]]

Elijah Pierce (1892–1984) bụ onye na-akụ osisi na ike afụ nke 20. Ọ pụtara iji mma akpa akpa ihe mgbe ọ dị obere.  O buru ụzọ mụọ anụmanụ n'ihi na ọ tolitere n'ugbo.  A na-elekọta Pierce na 1982 site na fim nke National Heritage Fellowship maka nka ya na ekiri ya na obodo ịcha osisi.

== Ndụ mbido ==
Pierce bụ ọdụdụ nwa n'ime mpaghara ya, onye amuru n'ugbo na Baldwyn, [[Mississippi]], na Maachị 5, 1892. [1] Nna ya bụbu ohu, ma ree ya n'aka nne ya mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ.  [2] Pierce egwu ịwa osisi mgbe ọ dị afụ asaa, mgbe nna ya nyere ya akpa akpa ya mbụ.  Nwanne nna ya, Lewis Wallace, igbochi ya otú e si akpụ ọrịa ndị dị ime anya.  [3] Pierce na-enye iwu ndị ọzọ ihe osise ya n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, Pierce ihe na ya achọghị ọrụ ugbo dị ka nna ya.  [4] Ọ na-ahụ n'ebe a na-akpụ isi n' ahụ, ma ebe a ka ọ ozira ozi nke ya.  N'afọ 1908, ọ nhụjuanya isi dị ka akara, [5] mechara mechara onye ma ama bụrụ ama.  [6] Nwoke ime ohere, o ikike akwụkwọ ikike nke onye obodo Baptist na 1920. Ɔ ndida wee onye ọrụ Columbus nke ọma n'ofe akwụkwọ Mississippi, biri na 1923 na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akpụ isi &lt;ref name=&quot;Lloyd&quot; /&gt;

== Artist ==
Ọtụtụ ihe osise Pierce mere maka nwunye ya. N'afọ ndị 1920, Pierce rụrụ anụmanụ niile a kpụrụ akpụ maka nwunye ya Cornelia. Anụmanụ ọ bụla nọchiri anya akụkọ dị iche, mgbe ụfọdụ na-ezo aka anụ ọhịa Jenesis, ma ọ bụ anụmanụ sitere n'akụkọ ifo n'oge ntorobịa ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ kacha amasị Pierce n'onwe ya bụ ''Akwụkwọ Osisi'', n'ezie nnukwu akwụkwọ osisi nke Pierce kpụrụ n'ime ya. Akwụkwọ ahụ kọwara akụkọ banyere Jizọs. ''Akwụkwọ osisi'' bụ ụdị ihe osise mbụ Pierce mere dị iche na obere ihe ọkpụkpụ ya. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-eme ọtụtụ ihe osise dị ka ''Akwụkwọ osisi'', nke ọ bụla nwere akụkọ nke ya na isiokwu zuru ụwa ọnụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;NPR 2020/10/01&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Stamberg|first=Susan|date=October 1, 2020|title='Every Piece I Carve Is A Message': Elijah Pierce Aimed To Do God's Work In Wood|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/01/917512371/every-piece-i-carve-is-a-message-elijah-pierce-aimed-to-do-god-s-work-in-wood|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=NPR News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmezu ==
Achọpụtara ọrụ Pierce site na ụwa nka bụ isi na ụdị 1970, [1] wee tinye ya na ihe ngosi na veranda dị ka Krannert Art Museum, Phyllis Kind Gallery nke New York, National Museum of American Art, na Renwick Gallery.  .  Ọrụ ya dị nchịkọta nke American Folk Art Museum, na nchịkọta na-agwụcha nke Philadelphia Museum of Art. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Father Time&quot;, Jill and Sheldon Bonovitz Collection|url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/312331.html|work=Philadelphia Museum of Art|accessdate=26 March 2017|archivedate=27 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080254/http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/312331.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1973, Pierce ihe nrite mbụ na nke Mba Nile nke Naive Art na Zagreb, Yugoslavia.  Ọ bụ onye nnata nke 1982 National Heritage Fellowship nyere site na National Endowment for Arts, nke bụ iche elu nke United States na nkà ndị mmadụ na omenala.  [1] Mkpa nke awụ ahụ bụ nke mbụ NEA nyere.

Na 1991, a kpọbatara ya na National Barber Museum Hall of Fame. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalbarbermuseum.org/about/hall-of-fame/38-1991-elijah-pierce-ohio|title=1991 Elijah Pierce|work=The National Barber Museum and Hall of Fame|accessdate=January 28, 2023|archive-date=March 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323105725/https://nationalbarbermuseum.org/about/hall-of-fame/38-1991-elijah-pierce-ohio|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ewere Pierce n'ozuzu ya ma na-echeta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese osisi kachasị na nke kachasị emetụta n'ime narị afọ ole na ole gara aga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Artists to commemorate life of Elijah Pierce|date=March 4, 1993|work=Call &amp; Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]]. Performing and Cultural Arts Complex dị na Columbus, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], gosiri aha Elijah Pierce Gallery na nọmba ya.  [1] nwere ikike ihe ngosi nka nke Columbus ihe ụmụaka 300 ngosi ọrụ ya.  [1] Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ na ụgbọ mmiri Pierce ike ekele ruo mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Pierce bụ nna bụbu ohu mụrụ. Nwanne nna ya, Lewis Wallace, kụziiri ya otú e si zụlite nkà ya maka ịcha osisi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lloyd&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lloyd|first=Timothy|date=July 1, 1995|title=Elijah Pierce, woodcarver|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-folklore_summer-1995_108_429/page/357|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=108|issue=429|pages=357–359|doi=10.2307/541891}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLloyd1995&quot;&gt;Lloyd, Timothy (July 1, 1995). &quot;Elijah Pierce, woodcarver&quot;. ''The Journal of American Folklore''. '''108''' (429): 357–359. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/541891|10.2307/541891]]. [[JSTOR (ihe nchọpụta)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/541891 541891].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Pierce lụrụ nwunye mbụ ya, Zetta Palm, ma mụọ nwa nwoke na ya. Nkwụ nwụrụ n'oge a mụrụ nwa ha nwoke. Na Septemba 1923, Pierce ga-alụ Cornelia Houeston, nwunye ya nke abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cscc.edu/elijahpierce/bio.htm|title=Elijah Pierce Biography|work=www.cscc.edu|accessdate=2016-11-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.cscc.edu/elijahpierce/bio.htm &quot;Elijah Pierce Biography&quot;]. ''www.cscc.edu''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 3,&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ dị afọ 61, Houeston nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa cancer na 1948. Na 1949, Pierce ga-alụ nwunye ya nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ, Estelle Green.

Pierce nọrọ n'ebe dị anya na otu nwa nwoke ọ mụrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Barber who carved world of his dreams|author=Litt|first=Steven|publisher=Cleveland Plain Dealer|year=1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pierce nwụrụ na Mee 7, 1984, n' ọgwụ St. Anthony na Columbus, n'ihi nkụchi obi sere onyinyo. 

== Hụkwa ==

* Ihe onwunwe Elijah Pierce

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Media related to Elijah Pierce at Wikimedia Commons
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ike Holter</title>
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'''Ike Holter''' (amuru 1985) bu onye odee America . &lt;ref name=&quot;chicagostories&quot;&gt;[http://www.playbill.com/article/why-ike-holter-has-no-choice-but-to-tell-chicago-stories &quot;Why Ike Holter Has No Choice But To Tell Chicago Stories&quot;]. ''[[Playbill]]'', April 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ meriri Windham–Campbell Literature Prize maka ihe nkiri na 2017. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/ct-chicago-playwright-ike-holter-wins-165-000-literary-prize-20170301-story.html &quot;Chicago playwright Ike Holter wins $165,000 literary prize&quot;]. ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', March 1, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Holter bụ onye na-ede egwuregwu na-eme egwuregwu na Victory Gardens Theatre, ma nyere ya ya site na Kennedy Center, The Eugene O'Neill Theatre Center, South Coast Repertory na The Playwrights' Center . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ike Holter|url=https://www.goodmantheatre.org/Artists-Archive/creative-partners/playwrights/Ike-Holter/|work=goodmantheatre.org|publisher=Goodman Theatre|accessdate=12 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Ike Holter na Minneapolis, Minnesota . O kwuwo na ịga ihe ngosi nke Sweeney Todd na Guthrie Theatre na Minneapolis mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu kpaliri ya ịchụso ọrụ na ihe nkiri. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Minneapolis South wee mụọ edemede na Theater School na Mahadum DePaul na [[Chicago]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vire|first=Kris|title=The Civic Playwright|url=https://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/October-2018/Fall-Arts-Guide/Ike-Holter/|work=chicagomag.com|publisher=Chicago Magazine|accessdate=12 August 2019|archivedate=12 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812160328/https://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/October-2018/Fall-Arts-Guide/Ike-Holter/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adler|first=Tony|title=Ike Holter: The Playwright|url=http://people2014.chicagoreader.com/ike-holter/|work=ChicagoReader.com|publisher=Chicago Reader|accessdate=9 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.outsmartmagazine.com/2017/10/rec-room-hosts-regional-premiere-of-gay-playwright-ike-holters-sender/|title=Rec Room Hosts Regional Premiere of Gay Playwright Ike Holter's 'Sender'|date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Emepụtara egwu ya ''Hit the Wall'' bụ The Inconvenience dị ka akụkụ nke Steppenwolf Theater Company 's Garage Rep na 2012. O mere ndepụta &quot;Egwuregwu iri kacha elu nke 2012&quot; Chicago Tribune . Ọ gara n'ihu na-emepụta ya n'èzí-broadway na Barrow Street na n'ọtụtụ obodo gburugburu mba ahụ, gụnyere nke rere ere na ugboro atọ agbatị 2015-2016 mmepụta na [[Los Angeles]] na LGBT Center nke a họpụtara maka ọtụtụ &quot;Kasị Mma nke Afọ&quot; ihe nrite na LA.

Egwuregwu ya mechara gụnyere ''B-Side Studio'' (2013), &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.broadwayworld.com/chicago/article/Photo-Flash-First-Look-at-The-Inconvenience-and-The-New-Colonys-B-SIDE-STUDIO-World-Premiere-20130920 &quot;Photo Flash: First Look at The Inconvenience and The New Colony's B-SIDE STUDIO World Premiere&quot;]. ''Broadway World'', September 20, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210121093224/https://nupress.northwestern.edu/content/exit-strategy Exit Strategy]'' (2014), &lt;ref name=&quot;chicagostories&quot;/&gt; ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210226185250/https://nupress.northwestern.edu/content/sender Onye na-ezipụ]'' (2016) &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210727200430/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/ike-holters-astonishing-sender-brings-a-hipster-back-from-the-dead/Content?oid=21894028 &quot;Ike Holter's astonishing Sender brings a hipster back from the dead&quot;]. ''[[Chicago Reader]]'', April 8, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Light Fantastic'' (2018) na ''Wolf na njedebe nke ngọngọ'' (2017) . &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/reviews/ct-wolf-ike-holter-review-ent-0215-20170214-column.html &quot;'Wolf at the End of the Block': Ike Holter's crime story is about Chicago's mistrust&quot;]. ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', February 14, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; The Goodman butere ''ụbọchị lọtrị'' n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2019, isi okwu maka egwuregwu asaa &quot;saga&quot; gbasara mpaghara Chicago akụkọ ifo akpọrọ Rightlynd.

Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka usoro FX nke Lin-Manuel Miranda mepụtara, &quot; Fosse / Verdon &quot;, na-ede &quot;Ihe niile m na-eche banyere bụ ịhụnanya&quot;, usoro nke isii. &lt;ref&gt;[[Fosse/Verdon]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (November 2020)&quot;&gt;okirikiri nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ọ bụ onye odee egwuregwu nke Victory Gardens Theatre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Playwrights Ensemble|url=https://victorygardens.org/about/playwrights/|work=VictoryGardens.org|date=24 April 2019|publisher=Victory Gardens Theater|accessdate=12 August 2019|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812200655/https://victorygardens.org/about/playwrights/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2021, Holter na-emepe emepe miniseries TV gbasara ntuli aka 1983 na oge nke onye isi obodo [[Chicago]] Harold Washington, onye [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|America mbụ n'Africa]] jigide ọrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jevens|first=Darel|date=2021-01-12|title=Harold Washington TV miniseries in the works by playwright Ike Holter|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/movies-and-tv/2021/1/12/22227830/harold-washington-tv-series-miniseries-mayor-ike-holter|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=Chicago Sun-Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==
Na 2017, Holter bụ otu n'ime ndị mmeri asatọ nke [[Yale University|Yale]] 's Windham-Campbell Literature Prizes kwa afọ, otu n'ime ihe nrite kachasị elu maka ịde egwuregwu n'ụwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chicago playwright Ike Holter wins $165,000 literary prize|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/ct-chicago-playwright-ike-holter-wins-165-000-literary-prize-20170301-story.html|work=chicagotribune.com|date=March 2017|publisher=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=12 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2018, American Theater Critics Association (ATCA) họpụtara Holter ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị mmeri isii maka Harold na Mimi Steinberg/ATCA New Play Award, na-amata ndị na-ede egwuregwu maka edemede kachasị mma nke malitere ọkachamara na mpụga New York City n'oge 2017, maka egwuregwu ya ''The Wolf na njedebe nke ngọngọ'' .

== Ntụaka ==
ndepụta &quot;Egwuregwu iri kacha elu nke 2012&quot; Chicago Tribune . Ọ gara n'ihu na-emepụta ya n'èzí-broadway na Barrow Street na n'ọtụtụ obodo gburugburu mba{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Gregory Crewdson</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Gregory Crewdson|image=Gregory Crewdson 2.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=Crewdson on location in Pittsfield, MA, 2007|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date and age |1962|9|26|}}|birth_place=[[Brooklyn]], New York|education=[[Brooklyn Friends School|Brooklyn Friends]]; [[John Dewey High School]]; [[State University of New York at Purchase|SUNY Purchase]], BA, 1985; [[Yale University]], [[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]], 1988|occupation=[[Fine-art photography|Fine-art photographer]], professor|employer=[[Yale University]] [[Yale School of Art|School of Art]]|organization=|known_for=|notable_works=|awards=Skowhegan Medal for Photography, [[National Endowment for the Arts]] Visual Artists Fellowship|website={{URL|www.gagosian.com/artists/gregory-crewdson}}}}

Gregory Crewdson (                 S    Foto America [1] bụ onye na-ese foto America [1] nke na-eme nnukwu ihe nkiri sinima, ihe gbasara nke ihe nkiri edobere na mpaghara ime obodo na ime ime.  Ọ na- nnukwu nnukwu ọrụ ọrụ na ọkụ ka ha àgwà ihe oyiyi ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Larocca|first=Amy|date=March 27, 2008|title=Loneliness and Multitudes|url=https://nymag.com/arts/all/process/45584/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
[[Usòrò:Gregory_Crewdson.jpg|thumb| Crewdson na 2007]]
Amuru Crewdson na mpaghara Park Slope nke Brooklyn, New York.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị enyi Brooklyn, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ John Dewey.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ọ bụ nke nke otu ndị na-akpa ike a na-akpọ Speedies .  [1] Abụ ha, &quot;Ka m were foto gị&quot; bụ na 2005 nke Hewlett-Packard ji mee ihe na mgbasa ozi iji kwalite usoro ya.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yablonsky|first=Linda|date=2005-09-11|title=A Photographer's Pop Star Moment|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/11/arts/music/a-photographers-pop-star-moment.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Crewdson gara ụmụaka Purchase, steeti nke New York, ebe o bu ụzọ mee ihe ngosi ihe akparamaagwa.  [1] Na Ịzụta, ọ debanyere aha na nkuzi foto nke Laurie Simmons [2] kuziri ma soro Jan Groover akụkụ ihe.  [3] Ọ natara MFA na foto site na Yale School of Art. &lt;ref&gt;[http://rogallery.com/Crewdson/Crewdson-bio.html Gregory Crewdson Biography]. Rogallery.com. Retrieved November 17, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
Crewdson bụ prọfesọ na onye isi ihe ọmụmụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na foto na Yale School of Art. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150530010926/http://art.yale.edu/GregoryCrewdson Yale University School of Art: Gregory Crewdson]. Art.yale.edu. Retrieved November 17, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
A na-ahazi foto Crewdson nke ọma, mepụta ma na-enwu ọkụ site na iji ndị ọrụ maara ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-amụnye nnukwu ihe nkiri site na iji akụrụngwa mmepụta ihe nkiri na usoro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/twilight/crewdson/index.html|publisher=V&amp;A|accessdate=March 19, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416073829/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/twilight/crewdson/index.html|archivedate=April 16, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na otu ọkụ ọkụ, onye na-ahụ maka nkà, ngalaba nhazi na uwe, ihe nkwado na mmetụta iji mepụta ọnọdụ, ikuku, na ihe oyiyi akụkọ na-emeghe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Fletcher|first=Kenneth|date=June 2008|title=regory Crewdson's Epic Effects|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/gregory-crewdsons-epic-effects-48744461/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na otu onye ntụzi foto, Richard Sands, ya na ndị otu ndị isi otu ndị ọzọ na-arụkọ ọrụ, ihe dị ka afọ 25. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rick Sands: Breaking the Light Barrier|url=https://aperture.org/workshops/sands2017/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nwere mmefu ego yiri nke mmepụta ihe nkiri, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cue mist! Gregory Crewdson, the photographer with a cast, a crew and a movie-sized budget|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/jun/20/gregory-crewdson-photographer-cathedral-of-the-pines-appalachians|work=The Guardian|date=June 20, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; onyonyo ọ bụla gụnyere ọtụtụ mmadụ na izu ruo ọnwa nke nhazi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson's Epic Effects|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/gregory-crewdsons-epic-effects-48744461/|publisher=Smithsonian Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'iji égbè ndị yiri igha ihe nkiri, Crewdson na-eme ka ndụ ndị na-egosi ike nke America na-arụ ọrụ ya.  [1] O kwupụtala ihe nkiri Vertigo, Night of the Hunter, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Blue Velvet, na Safe dị ka emetụtala ụdị ya, [2] yana onye na-ese ihe Edward Hopper [3] na onye na-  ese foto Diane Arbus. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson|url=http://www.whitecube.com/artists/crewdson/|publisher=White Cube|accessdate=March 19, 2011|archivedate=May 9, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509143701/http://www.whitecube.com/artists/crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụbọchị Crewdson kacha mara amara amara Twilight (1998–2002), N'okpuru Roses (2003–2008), Katidral of the Pines (2013–2014) na Eclipse of Moths .  [1] naanị otu ọrụ Crewdson na-ekiri US bụ Sanctuary (2009), nke edobere na ụlọ ọrụ Cinecittá gbapụrụ na obere Rome.  [2] Ihe nsogbu nke nta ka ọ ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ gara bụrụ aga na akpa emere ya na obere obodo na obodo dị na Western Massachusetts. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=How Gregory Crewdson Spends His Summer|work=The New York Times|date=July 19, 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/19/t-magazine/travel/gregory-crewdson-summer-ritual-great-barrington-massachusetts.html|author=Schwiegershausen|first=Erica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2012, ọ bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri ngosi ihe ngosi Gregory Crewdson: Mgbakọ dị mkpirikpi.[1]  Usoro ihe nkiri ahụ gbasoro iwu nke na nkọwa nke Crewdson nke usoro echiche ya na ọhụụ maka iberibe n'okpuru Roses.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Crewdson bi na ọdịda anyanwụ Massachusetts na chọọchị Methodist mbụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lubow|first=Arthur|title=For Gregory Crewdson, Truth Lurks in the Landscape|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 20, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/20/arts/design/gregory-crewdson-berkshires-photography.html/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye mmekọ ya, Juliane Hiam, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Schwiegershausen|first=Erica|title=How Gregory Crewdson Spends His Summer|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 19, 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/19/t-magazine/travel/gregory-crewdson-summer-ritual-great-barrington-massachusetts.html/}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye edemede na onye na-emepụta ihe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kroll|first=Justin|date=October 26, 2017|title=Scarlett Johansson in Talks to Star in Focus Drama 'Reflective Light'|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/scarlett-johansson-focus-drama-reflective-light-1202594825/}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ha abụọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Submerged and Interior: An Interview with Gregory Crewdson|date=October 24, 2016|url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2016/10/24/submerged-interior-interview-gregory-crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hiam apụtakwala dị ka isiokwu n'ọtụtụ foto Crewdson. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stanley|first=Roderick|date=August 15, 2017|title=How Gregory Crewdson captured the dark heart of America, with a little help from his friends|url=https://medium.com/@rodstanley/how-gregory-crewdson-captured-the-dark-heart-of-america-with-a-little-help-from-his-friends-67662abcd53f}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Booth|first=Hannah|date=August 4, 2017|title=Juliane Hiam remembers posing for Gregory Crewdson's Cathedral Of The Pines, 2013|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/aug/04/juliane-hiam-gregory-crewdson-cathedral-of-the-pines/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ụmụ abụọ, Lily na Walker, site na alụmdi na nwunye gara aga na Ivy Shapiro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Lauren|author=Mechling|title=Inside a Brooklyn Apartment Where the Walls Talk|work=Town and Country|date=October 28, 2022|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a41561662/ivy-shapiro-art-home-interview/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Crewdson bụ onye na-egwu mmiri na-emeghe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Notes on Swimming: Route and Repetition|url=https://gregorycrewdson.substack.com/p/notes-on-swimming-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma kwuo na ọnọdụ ntụgharị uche ọ na-enweta site n'omume igwu mmiri ya kwa ụbọchị bụ isi na usoro okike ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=For Photographers, Living Life Is a Constant State of Preproduction|author=Rosenberg|first=David|date=February 5, 2016|url=https://slate.com/culture/2016/02/gregory-crewdsons-photos-cathedral-of-the-pines.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbipụta ==

* ''Hover.'' Akwụkwọ Artspace, 1995.  .
* ''N'uhuruchi: Foto nke Gregory Crewdson.'' Harry N. Abrams, 2002. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0810910039|0810910039]] . Site na edemede nke Rick Moody .
* ''Gregory Crewdson: 1985–2005.'' Hatje Cantz, 2005. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/377571622X|377571622X]] .
* ''Ọkụ ọkụ.'' Skarstedt Fine Art, 2007. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0970909055|0970909055]] .
* ''N'okpuru Roses.'' Na Russell Banks. Harry N. Abrams, 2008. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0810993808|978-0810993808]] .
* ''Ụlọ Nrọ.'' Site na ederede Tilda Swinton. John Ọchịchị, 2009. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-8888359410|978-8888359410]] .
* ''Ebe nsọ.'' Mụ na Anthony O. Scott. Hatje Cantz, 2010. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3775727341|978-3775727341]] .
* ''N'Ebe Ọ Na-adịghị.'' Hatje Cantz, 2011. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3775731362|978-3775731362]] .
* ''Gregory Crewdson.'' New York: Rizzoli, 2013. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0847840915|978-0847840915]] .
* ''Katidral nke Pines.'' New York: Aperture, 2016. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-597113-50-2|978-1-597113-50-2]] . Site na ederede Alexander Nemerov .
* ''Eclipse nke nla.'' New York: Aperture, 2020. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1683952213|978-1683952213]] . Site na mmalite nke Jeff Tweedy .
* ''Nanị Street.'' New York: Aperture, 2021. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1597115131|978-1597115131]] . Site na edemede nke Joyce Carol Oates na ajụjụ ọnụ nke onye na-ese ihe site na Cate Blanchett .
* ''Gregory Crewdson: N'akụkụ mgbede, 2012–2022.'' Milan: Skira Editore, 2022. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/8857248429|8857248429]] . Ederede nke Jean-Charles Vergne.

== Ihe ngosi Solo ==

* ''Gregory Crewdson: Photographs'', White Cube Gallery, London, 1995&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Photographs, at White Cube Gallery|url=https://www.whitecube.com/gallery-exhibitions/gregory-crewdson-photographs/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Hover'', Luhring Augustine Gallery, New York, NY, 1997&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Hover, at Luhring Augustine, Soho|url=https://www.luhringaugustine.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson2/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson. House Taken Over'', Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain, 1998; and traveled to Salamanca, 1999&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: House Taken Over|url=https://www.museoreinasofia.es/en/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson-house-taken-over/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Twilight'', Luhring Augustine, New York, NY, 2002;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Twilight|url=https://www.luhringaugustine.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson4}}&lt;/ref&gt; White Cube, London, 2002;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Gregory Crewdson|url=https://www.whitecube.com/gallery-exhibitions/twilight}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gagosian Gallery, Beverly Hills, CA, 2002&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Twilight|url=https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2002/gregory-crewdson-twilight/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Beneath the Roses'', Luhring-Augustine Gallery, New York, 2005;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Beneath the Roses|url=https://www.luhringaugustine.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson5}}&lt;/ref&gt; White Cube, London, 2005;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Beneath the Roses|url=https://www.whitecube.com/gallery-exhibitions/beneath-the-roses/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gagosian Gallery, Beverly Hills, CA, 2005 (all three concurrently)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Beneath the Roses|url=https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2005/gregory-crewdson-beneath-the-roses/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: 1985–2005,'' Kunstverein Hannover, Hanover, Germany;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GREGORY CREWDSON 1985-2005|url=https://www.kunstverein-hannover.de/en/ausstellungen/137-gregory-crewdson}}&lt;/ref&gt; and traveled to Kunstmuseen Krefeld, Germany, 2006;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson 1985–2005|url=https://kunstmuseenkrefeld.de/en/Exhibitions/2006/Gregory-Crewdson-1985-2005/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fotomuseum Winterthur, Switzerland; and Landsgalerie Linz, Austria, 2006&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson – Photographs 1985–2005|url=https://www.fotomuseum.ch/en/exhibitions-post/gregory-crewdson-fotografien-1985-2005/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Fireflies'', Skarstedt Fine Art, New York, NY, 2006&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Fireflies|url=https://www.skarstedt.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson/press-release/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Beneath the Roses'' Gagosian Gallery, Beverly Hills, CA, 2008;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Beneath the Roses|url=https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2008/gregory-crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Gregory Crewdson'', White Cube, London, 2008;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Beneath the Roses|url=https://www.whitecube.com/gallery-exhibitions/gregory-crewdson-2008/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Gregory Crewdson'', Luhring Augustine, New York, NY, 2008&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson, Beneath the Roses|url=https://www.luhringaugustine.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson7}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: In a Lonely Place'', traveling show, C/O Berlin, Berlin, 2011; Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Kulturhuset, Stockholm, Sweden, 2011;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: In a Lonely Place|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Gregory-Crewdson--In-a-Lonely-Place/5E920FF32828588C|accessdate=2024-06-15|archivedate=2023-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223055/https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Gregory-Crewdson--In-a-Lonely-Place/5E920FF32828588C}}&lt;/ref&gt; Copenhagen, Denmark, 2011/2012;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Gregory Crewdson: In a Lonely Place&quot; at Det Kongelige bibliotek|url=http://www.kb.dk/da/index.html/|accessdate=December 28, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219090406/http://www.kb.dk/da/index.html|archivedate=December 19, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Gregory Crewdson: In a Lonely Place&quot; at C/O Berlin|url=http://www.gagosian.com/news/2011-07-01_gregory-crewdson/|accessdate=August 23, 2011|archivedate=2012-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321220129/http://www.gagosian.com/news/2011-07-01_gregory-crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Centre for Contemporary Photography, Melbourne, Australia, 2012;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: In a Lonely Place|url=https://www.australianphotography.com/news/gregory-crewdson-in-a-lonely-place/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Institute of Modern Art, Brisbane, Australia, 2013;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: In a Lonely Place|url=https://concreteplayground.com/brisbane/event/gregory-crewdson-in-a-lonely-place/}}&lt;/ref&gt; City Gallery Wellington; and Dunedin Art Gallery, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: In a Lonely Place|url=https://citygallery.org.nz/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson-in-a-lonely-place/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Fireflies'', Wave Hill, Bronx, NY, 2014;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chasing Fires in the Dark|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/22/nyregion/gregory-crewdson-fireflies-in-the-bronx.html/}}&lt;/ref&gt; SITE Santa Fe, Santa Fe, NM, 2015;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Fireflies|url=https://sitesantafe.org/exhibition/20-years20-shows-spring/|accessdate=2024-06-15|archivedate=2025-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127120659/https://www.sitesantafe.org/exhibition/20-years20-shows-spring/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Berkshire Botanical Garden, Leonhardt Galleries, Stockbridge, MA, 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fireflies: The Photographs of Gregory Crewdson|url=https://www.berkshirebotanical.org/events/fireflies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Sanctuary'', Gagosian Gallery, New York, NY. 2010;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Sanctuary|url=https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2010/gregory-crewdson-sanctuary/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gagosian Gallery, Rome, Italy, 2011;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Sanctuary|url=https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2011/gregory-crewdson-sanctuary/}}&lt;/ref&gt; TIFF '11 Festival, Toronto, Canada, 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Five Exhibits to See at TIFF Future Projections|url=https://www.blogto.com/film/2011/09/five_exhibits_to_see_at_tiff_future_projections/}}&lt;/ref&gt; La Fábrica Gallery, Madrid, Spain&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Sanctuary: The Epic Photographer Shoots Rome's Fabled Film Studio Cinecittà|url=https://www.nowness.com/story/gregory-crewdson-sanctuary/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Dream House'', The San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, CA, 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Dream House|url=https://www.sdmart.org/exhibition/gregory-crewdson-dream-house/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Cathedral of the Pines,'' Gagosian Gallery, New York, 2016;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gagosian.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson--january-28-2016|title=Gregory Crewdson: Cathedral of the Pines|date=April 12, 2018|publisher=[[Gagosian Gallery]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Galerie Templon, Brussels and Paris concurrently, September–October 2016;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson 'Cathedral of the Pines'|url=http://artresearchmap.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson-cathedral-of-the-pines/|accessdate=2024-06-15|archivedate=2024-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418200457/http://artresearchmap.com/exhibitions/gregory-crewdson-cathedral-of-the-pines/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Photographers' Gallery, London, 2017;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thephotographersgallery.org.uk/gregory-crewdson-cathedral-of-the-pines-4|title=Gregory Crewdson: Cathedral of the Pines|publisher=[[The Photographers' Gallery]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Centre of Contemporary Art, Toruń, Poland, November 2017 – January 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exhibition Of Gregory Crewdson Photography|url=https://camerimage.pl/en/wydarzenie/wystawa-fotografii-gregoryego-crewdsona/|accessdate=2024-06-15|archivedate=2023-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004224610/https://camerimage.pl/en/wydarzenie/wystawa-fotografii-gregoryego-crewdsona/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Sanctuary,'' Galerie Wilma Tolksdorf, Frankfurt, Germany, April–July 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Sanctuary|url=https://wilmatolksdorf.de/gregory-crewdson-sanctuary/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''The Becket Pictures'', FRAC Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson : Interview with FRAC Auvergne|url=https://loeildelaphotographie.com/en/gregory-crewdson-entretien-avec-le-frac-auvergne-pp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Eveningside'', Gallerie d'Italia, Turin, Italy, October 2022 – January 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gallerieditalia.com/it/torino/mostre-e-iniziative/mostre/2022/10/12/gregory-crewdson-eveningside-en/|title=Gregory Crewdson. Eveningside &amp;#124; Gallerie d'Italia Torino|accessdate=2024-06-15|archivedate=2023-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120185450/https://gallerieditalia.com/it/torino/mostre-e-iniziative/mostre/2022/10/12/gregory-crewdson-eveningside-en/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Eveningside'', Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, France, July–September 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson at Les Rencontres d'Arles|url=https://www.rencontres-arles.com/en/expositions/view/1447/gregory-crewdson}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gregory Crewdson: Forest Fables'', University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, September–October 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregory Crewdson: Forest Fables|url=https://www.sandiego.edu/galleries/exhibitions/humanities-center/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==

* Aaron Siskind Foundation Fellowship Onye na-ese foto &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How I Got That Grant: The Aaron Siskind Foundation Individual Photographer's Fellowship|date=May 27, 2015|author=Beem|first=Edgar Allen|publisher=PDN Photo District News|url=https://pdnonline.com/photography-business/photo-grants-funding/how-i-got-that-grant-the-aaron-siskind-foundation-individual-photographers-fellowship/|accessdate=June 15, 2024|archivedate=October 6, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006015754/https://pdnonline.com/photography-business/photo-grants-funding/how-i-got-that-grant-the-aaron-siskind-foundation-individual-photographers-fellowship/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Skowhegan maka ịse foto, Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, Skowhegan, ME. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Skowhegan Medal for Photography|url=https://www.skowheganart.org/awards-dinner-history/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Skowhegan maka ịse foto &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230407202913/https://www.skowheganart.org/honorees Skowhegan Awards Honorees]. Retrieved September 20, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onyinye mba maka mkpakọrịta nka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=1992 Annual Report|url=https://www.arts.gov/about/publications/1992-annual-report|accessdate=2023-01-13|work=www.arts.gov|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Honorary Doctorate, Montserrat College of Art, Beverly, MA. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Montserrat College of Art commencement|publisher=The Salem News|url=https://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/montserrat-college-of-art-commencement/article_28112fdf-8ccd-5827-a91c-9a3299517505.html/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dọkịta nsọpụrụ, ịzụrụ SUNY, NY. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Purchase College, SUNY Commencement Honorees|url=https://purchasecollegesuny.wordpress.com/tag/gregory-crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Award Artist a ma ama, St. Botolph Club Foundation, Boston, MA. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=St. Botolph Club Distinguished Artist Award Recipients|url=https://sbcfboston.org/_daa_recipients/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
A na-eme ọrụ Crewdson na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ n'ụwa niile, gụnyere:

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Albertina, Vienna &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://www.albertina.at/en/albertina-modern/exhibitions/preview-the-essl-collection-photography/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Broad, Los Angeles &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://www.thebroad.org/art/gregory-crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Getty, Los Angeles &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/105G66/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Los Angeles County, Los Angeles &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/153801/|accessdate=2024-06-15|archivedate=2025-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126132911/https://collections.lacma.org/node/153801/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Metropolitan, New York &lt;ref name=&quot;met&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Search The Collection|accessdate=2023-01-14|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search?q=Gregory+Crewdson&amp;sortBy=Relevance&amp;pageSize=0|work=www.metmuseum.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke ọgbara ọhụrụ, New York &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/7035/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://www.sfmoma.org/artist/Gregory_Crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-01-14|title=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation|url=https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/gregory-crewdson|work=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Victoria na Albert Museum, London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1153955/untitled-photograph-crewdson-gregory/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Whitney, New York &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-01-14|title=Gregory Crewdson|url=https://whitney.org/artists/4138|work=whitney.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ụlọ ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale|Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale]], New Haven &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collection by Artist, Gregory Crewdson|url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collection?query=crewdson/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri banyere Crewdson ==

* ''Gregory Crewdson: Mgbakọ dị nkenke'' (2012) - akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Ben Shapiro na-eduzi, mepụta ma gbaa ya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-03-08|title=Movie review: 'Gregory Crewdson: Brief Encounters' of art in progress|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-mar-08-la-et-mn-gregory-crewdson-20130308-story.html|accessdate=2023-10-05|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''N'ebe ahụ mana ọ bụghị ebe ahụ'' (2017) - akwụkwọ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara usoro nkedo Crewdson, nke Juliane Hiam duziri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=King of cinematic stills: Gregory Crewdson's casting secrets|work=Canon, UK|url=https://www.canon.co.uk/pro/stories/gregory-crewdson-casting-process/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ime Anyasị'' (2022) - akwụkwọ nkọwa nkọwa dị nkenke nke Harper Glantz duziri, nke Stuart Bogie na James Murphy (onye na-egwu eletrọnịkị) setịpụrụ na egwu izizi gbasara ime ''Eveningside.''

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Josephine Baker</title>
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      <text bytes="11299" sha1="pvqtqn4d41ei4t57nsbyjdz0acxb9wo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Josephine Baker|image=File:Baker Harcourt 1940 2.jpg|caption=Baker in 1940|birth_name=Freda Josephine McDonald|birth_date={{birth date|mf=yes|1906|06|03}}|birth_place=[[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], US|death_date={{death date and age|mf=yes|1975|04|12|1906|06|03}}|death_place=[[Paris]], France|resting_place=[[Monaco Cemetery]]|nationality=American (renounced)&lt;br /&gt;French (1937–1975)&lt;!-- renounced US citizenship --&gt;|occupation=[[Vedette (cabaret)|Vedette]], singer, dancer, actress, [[civil rights activist]], [[French Resistance]] agent|years_active=1921–1975|spouse={{Plain list|
* {{marriage|Willie Wells|1919|1919|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|William Baker|1921|1925|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|Jean Lion|1937|1940|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Jo Bouillon]]|1947|1961|reason=div}}
}}|partner=Robert Brady&lt;br /&gt;(1973–1975)|children=12; [[Jean-Claude Baker]] presented himself as her foster son (contested by the Baker children&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=&lt;!--none--&gt; |url=https://www.bienpublic.com/actualite/2015/01/16/jean-claude-bouillon-baker-un-celebre-dijonnais-s-est-eteint |work=Le bien public |title=Jean-Claude Rouzaud s'est éteint, pas Jean-Claude Bouillon-Baker |date=2015-01-22 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528020932/https://www.bienpublic.com/actualite/2015/01/16/jean-claude-bouillon-baker-un-celebre-dijonnais-s-est-eteint |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Dumas |first=Thierry |url=https://www.sudouest.fr/dordogne/sarlat-la-caneda/je-lui-dois-bien-plus-que-ca-9224950.php |work=Sud ouest |title='Je lui dois bien plus que ça' |date=2012-03-24 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429152001/https://www.sudouest.fr/dordogne/sarlat-la-caneda/je-lui-dois-bien-plus-que-ca-9224950.php |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;)|signature=Signature de Joséphine Baker - Archives nationales (France).png|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
 | background    = solo_singer
 | genre         = {{hlist|[[Cabaret]]|[[music hall]]|[[French pop]]|[[French jazz]]}}
 | instrument    = Vocals
 | label         = {{hlist|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]| [[Mercury Records|Mercury]]|[[RCA Records|RCA Victor]]
}}}}}}

{{Databox}}'''Freda Josephine Baker''' ( née McDonald ; June 3, 1906 – Eprel 12, 1975), emepụtara dị ka '''Joséphine Baker''', bụ onye France na-agba egwu, onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọrụ ya gbadoro ụkwụ na Europe, ọkachasị na France. Ọ bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ mere ihe nkiri na nnukwu ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri silent 1927 ''Siren of the Tropics'', nke {{Lang|fr|Mario Nalpas}} duziri. na {{Lang|fr|[[Henri Étiévant]]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Atwood|first=Kathryn|title=Women Heroes of World War II|url=https://archive.org/details/womenheroesofwor0000atwo_f6j1|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-55652-961-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị na-ese ihe na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke oge ahụ mere Baker, bụ ndị kpọrọ ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche &quot;Black Venus&quot;, &quot;Black Pearl&quot;, &quot;Bronze Venus&quot;, na &quot;Creole Goddess&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Victoria Clarice|title=Highlighting Black + LGBT Pioneers: Josephine Baker|url=https://www.believeoutloud.com/voices/article/highlighting-black-lgbt-pioneers-josephine-baker/|accessdate=2023-02-11|work=Believe Out Loud|archivedate=February 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211205646/https://www.believeoutloud.com/voices/article/highlighting-black-lgbt-pioneers-josephine-baker/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amụrụ na St. Louis, Missouri, ọ hapụrụ ịbụ nwa amaala US wee bụrụ nwa amaala France ka ya na onye nrụpụta ụlọ ọrụ France bụ Jean Lion lụchara na 1937.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kelleher&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kelleher|first=Katy|title=She'll Always Have Paris|url=https://jezebel.com/5502673/shell-always-have-paris|work=Jezebel|accessdate=13 October 2016|date=26 March 2010|archivedate=18 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018201017/http://jezebel.com/5502673/shell-always-have-paris}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zụrụ ụmụ ya na France.

Baker nyeere ndị Nguzogide France aka n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;QR&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bostock|first=William W.|title=Collective Mental State and Individual Agency: Qualitative Factors in Social Science Explanation|journal=Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung|volume=3|issue=3|year=2002|issn=1438-5627|url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs020317|accessdate=20 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Kọmitii Ntọhapụ nke France, {{Lang|fr|[[Croix de guerre 1939–1945|Croix de Guerre]]}} nyere ya Nrite Nguzogide. site n'aka ndị agha France, ma aha ya bụ Chevalier of the Legion of Honor site n'aka General Charles de Gaulle .&lt;ref name=&quot;Remembering Josephine Baker&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Roberts|first=Kimberly|title=Remembering Josephine Baker|work=[[Philadelphia Tribune]]|date=April 8, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baker bụrụ abụ: &quot;Enwere m ịhụnanya abụọ: obodo m na Paris.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/josephine-baker-life-artist-activist-170602194956917.html|title=Josephine Baker: The life of an artist and activist|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]]|accessdate=3 June 2017|archivedate=3 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603013724/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/josephine-baker-life-artist-activist-170602194956917.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baker, onye jụrụ ime ihe nkiri maka ndị na-ege ntị kewapụrụ na United States, bụ nke ekwuru maka ntinye aka ya na ngagharị ikike obodo . N'afọ 1968, Coretta Scott King nyere ya onye ndu na-akwadoghị na mmegharị ahụ na United States, na-esochi ogbugbu [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] . Mgbe o chebachara ya echiche, Baker jụrụ ihe ahụ n'ihi nchegbu o nwere maka ọdịmma ụmụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;jeanclaude2a&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Baker|first=Jean-Claude|title=Josephine: The Hungry Heart|edition=First|publisher=Random House|year=1993|isbn=978-0-679-40915-1|url=https://archive.org/details/josephinehungryh00bake}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBaker1993&quot;&gt;Baker, Jean-Claude (1993). [[iarchive:josephinehungryh00bake|''Josephine: The Hungry Heart'']] (First&amp;nbsp;ed.). Random House. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-679-40915-1|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-679-40915-1&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bouillon&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bouillon|first=Joe|title=Josephine|edition=First|publisher=Harper &amp; Row|year=1977|isbn=978-0-06-010212-8|url=https://archive.org/details/josephine00bake}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/grandes-traversees-josephine-baker/5-la-mort-en-scene-3588148|title=sur France Culture, radio), in french|accessdate=August 12, 2022|archivedate=December 7, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207132150/https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/grandes-traversees-josephine-baker/5-la-mort-en-scene-3588148}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba 30, 2021, a kpọbatara ya na Panthéon na Paris, nwanyị ojii mbụ nwetara otu n'ime nsọpụrụ kachasị elu na France.&lt;ref name=&quot;Angelique Chrisafis&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 November 2021|title=Josephine Baker, music hall star and civil rights activist, enters Panthéon|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/30/black-french-american-rights-activist-josephine-baker-enters-pantheon|first=Angelique|author=Chrisafis|accessdate=30 November 2021|work=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ebe izu ike ya dị na ebe a na-eli ozu Monaco, etinyere cenotaph na vault 13 nke crypt na Panthéon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/live/2021/11/30/josephine-baker-au-pantheon-suivez-en-direct-la-ceremonie_6104186_3246.html|title=Joséphine Baker au Panthéon : retrouvez l'intégralité de la cérémonie|language=fr|date=30 November 2021|work=[[Le Monde]]|accessdate=30 November 2021|archivedate=30 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130184724/https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/live/2021/11/30/josephine-baker-au-pantheon-suivez-en-direct-la-ceremonie_6104186_3246.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
[[Usòrò:Joséphine_Baker_enfant_-_médaillon.jpg|thumb| Baker, c. 1908]]
A mụrụ Josephine Baker Freda Josephine McDonald na St. Louis, Missouri .&lt;ref name=&quot;jeanclaude2a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Josephine Baker (Freda McDonald) Native of St. Louis, Missouri|url=http://blackmissouri.com/digest/josephine-baker-freda-mcdonald-native-of-st-louis-missouri.html|work=Black Missouri|date=10 February 2008|accessdate=6 March 2009|archivedate=14 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814151345/http://blackmissouri.com/digest/josephine-baker-freda-mcdonald-native-of-st-louis-missouri.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;va&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Art Deco – Josephine Baker|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1157_art_deco/about|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|accessdate=6 March 2009|date=2015-07-29|archivedate=2009-02-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204024127/http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1157_art_deco/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maghị usoro ọmụmụ Baker &amp;#x2014; nne ya, Carrie, nabatara na Little Rock, Arkansas na 1886 site n'aka Richard na Elvira McDonald, ha abụọ bụbu ndị ohu nke Africa na American American .&lt;ref name=&quot;jeanclaude2a&quot; /&gt; Ala Baker na-akọwapụta onye na-akụ vaudeville Eddie Carson dị ka nna ya n'agbanyeghị ihe akaebe megidere ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Josephine Baker: Biography|work=Official site of Josephine Baker|url=http://www.cmgww.com/stars/baker/about/biography.html|year=2008|accessdate=2009-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109063301/http://www.cmgww.com/stars/baker/about/biography.html|archivedate=9 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1993, nwa nkuchi Josephine Baker bụ Jean-Claude Baker bipụtara akụkọ ndụ aha ya bụ ''Josephine: Obi agụụ na-agụ'', nke bụ njedebe nke ọtụtụ iri afọ nke nyocha siri ike banyere ndụ Baker na ọrụ. N'akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ tụlere ogologo oge ọnọdụ ndị metụtara ọmụmụ Baker:
 
Nne ya lụrụ Arthur Martin, &quot;nwoke nwere obiọma ma na-enweghị ọrụ&quot;, onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;1920 United States Federal Census&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-eji akwa akwa iji kpata ihe oriri, na, mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, Josephine malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ebe obibi maka ezinụlọ ndị ọcha na St. Louis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Whitaker|first=Matthew C.|title=Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries|year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu nwanyị megburu ya, kpọọ Josephine aka mgbe nwa agbọghọ ahụ tinyere ncha nke ukwuu n'ebe a na-asa ákwà.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Rise and Fall of Josephine Baker|journal=[[Dollars &amp; Sense]]|year=1987|volume=13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==
Ntọhapụ nke France, Croix de Guerre nyere ya Nrite Nguzogide. site n'aka ndị agha France, ma aha ya bụ Chevalier of the Legion of 
[[Òtù:Articles with hCards]]
[[Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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  <page>
    <title>Helen Molesworth</title>
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      <text bytes="18945" sha1="m64shr536ecnuw3zuevoowdhlslcarb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Helen Anne Molesworth''' (amụrụ 1966, Chickasaw, Alabama) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka nka nke oge a dabere na Los Angeles. Site na 2014 ruo 2018, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) na Los Angeles. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cascone|first=Sarah|date=2014-05-30|title=Helen Molesworth Hired as Chief Curator of LA MOCA|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/helen-molesworth-hired-as-chief-curator-of-la-moca-30461|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Azụlitere na Flushing, Queens, na Forest Hills, Queens, site n'aka nne na-ese ihe na-akwa ákwà, onye na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ uwe nwoke, na nna prọfesọ Bekee, bụ onye kụziri na Queens College, Molesworth gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Stuyvesant High School . &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum State nke New York na Albany, Molesworth banyere Mmemme Ọmụmụ Independent nke Whitney Museum . &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1997, ọ nwetara Ph.D. na Art History sitere na Mahadum Cornell . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/18057/Helen-Molesworth-Appointed-Curator-of-Contemporary-Art#.Y1zZvOzMLAM|title=Helen Molesworth Appointed Curator of Contemporary Art}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/fashion/weddings/13mole.html Helen Anne Molesworth and Susan Dackerman] ''[[New York Times]]'', 13 August 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Dị ka onye isi nke ngalaba nke Modern na Contemporary Art na Harvard University Art Museums, o gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke foto Moyra Davey na ''ACT UP NY: Activism, Art, and AIDS Crisis 1987-1993'' . Ọ bụ ezie na Curator of Contemporary Art na Baltimore Museum of Art site na 2000 ruo 2002, ọ haziri ''Ọrụ Ethic'', bụ nke na-achọpụta nsogbu nke ọrụ nka na nka post-1960. Site na 2002 ruo 2007 ọ bụ Chief Curator of Exhibitions na Wexner Center for Arts ebe ọ haziri ihe mbụ US retrospectives nke Louise Lawler na Luc Tuymans, yana ''akụkụ ihe ọkpụkpụ'', nke nyochara mmetụta nke Marcel Duchamp 's agụụ mmekọahụ. ihe.

=== ICA Boston, 2010–2014 ===
Site na 2010 ruo 2014 Molesworth bụ Barbara Lee Chief Curator na Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) Boston, ebe ọ kpọkọtara ihe ngosi otu onye nke ndị na-ese ihe [[Steve Locke]], Catherine Opie, Josiah McElheny, na Amy Sillman, na ihe ngosi otu ahụ ''na-amali n'ihu gị. Lee: Black Mountain College 1933–1957'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Deming on &quot;Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933–1957&quot;|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/201603/leap-before-you-look-black-mountain-college-1933-1957-58117|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=www.artforum.com|date=March 2016|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Dance/Draw'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Dance/Draw&quot; at ICA - Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston|url=https://www.artforum.com/picks/dance-draw-29756|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=www.artforum.com|date=13 December 2011|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''Nke a Ga-abụ: Art, Love &amp; Politics in 1980s'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/759174324|title=This will have been: art, love &amp; politics in the 1980s|date=2012|publisher=Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago|isbn=978-0-300-18110-4|language=English|oclc=759174324}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Molesworth bụ onye isi nchịkwa na Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Los Angeles, 2014–2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cascone|first=Sarah|date=2014-05-30|title=Helen Molesworth Hired as Chief Curator of LA MOCA|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/helen-molesworth-hired-as-chief-curator-of-la-moca-30461|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ bịarutere Los Angeles na 2014, ọ rụgharịrị ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi MOCA na-adịgide adịgide, hazie ihe ngosi nyocha nke Kerry James Marshall nke gara Chicago, New York, na Los Angeles, haziri Anna Maria Maiolino nlegharị anya US mbụ, wee mepụta usoro nyocha. mmekorita n'etiti MOCA na The Underground Museum. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-07-20|title=An unassuming storefront. A major museum. A collaboration that takes museum art to the people of L.A.|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-underground-museum-noah-davis-showcases-works-from-mocas-collection-20150717-column.html|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi ikpeazụ ya na MOCA bụ ihe ngosi 2018 ''Otu ụbọchị n'otu oge: Manny Farber na Termite Art'', bụ nke na-achọpụta ihe nketa nke echiche Farber's &quot;termit art&quot; na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a, gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị sitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Molesworth. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Almino|first=Elisa Wouk|date=2018-11-14|title=Helen Molesworth's Last MOCA Exhibition Is an Act of Love|url=http://hyperallergic.com/471079/one-day-at-a-time-manny-farber-and-termite-art-helen-molesworth-moca-la/|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ na nso nso a ===
Na 2023, Molesworth chepụtara &quot;Ihu na ihu: Eserese nke ndị nka site na Tacita Dean, Brigitte Lacombe, na Catherine Opie&quot; na International Center of Photography, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na foto eserese chiri anya nke ndị omenala dị iche iche site n'aka ndị nka atọ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Face to Face: Portraits of Artists by Tacita Dean, Brigitte Lacombe, and Catherine Opie|url=https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/face-to-face-portraits-of-artists-by-tacita-dean-brigitte-lacombe-and-catherine-opie|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2024-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403011738/https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/face-to-face-portraits-of-artists-by-tacita-dean-brigitte-lacombe-and-catherine-opie}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe otu afọ ahụ gasịrị, nchịkọta nke edemede ya, ''Mepee Ajụjụ: Afọ Iri Atọ nke Ide banyere Art'', nke a na-emepụta site na katalọgụ ngosi dị iche iche na akwụkwọ ndị dị ka Artforum, bụ nke Phaidon Press bipụtara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Open Questions: Thirty Years of Writing about Art|url=https://www.phaidon.com/store/art/open-questions-thirty-years-of-writing-about-art-9781838666057/|accessdate=2024-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==
Molesworth bụ odee nke ọtụtụ katalọgụ edemede na ihe odide ya apụtala n'akwụkwọ dị ka ''Artforum'', ''Art Journal'', ''Documents'', na ''October'' . Onye nnata nke Bard Center for Curatorial Studies 2011 Audrey Irmas Award for Curatorial Excellence, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na akwụkwọ gbasara &quot;ihe nka na-eme.&quot;

Molesworth bụ onye juri maka College Art Association 's Distinguished Artist Award for Lifetime Achievement (2012), &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.collegeart.org/programs/awards/lifetime Distinguished Artist Award for Lifetime Achievement] [[College Art Association]].&lt;/ref&gt; The New School 's Vera List Prize for Art and Politics (2014), &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240622215558/https://www.newschool.edu/pressroom/pressreleases/2014/VLC2014.htm Syrian cinema collective Abounaddara awarded 2014 Vera List Center Prize for Art and Politic] [[The New School]], press release of 28 October 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; the Prix Canson (2016), &lt;ref&gt;[https://drawingcenter.org/exhibitions/prix-canson-2016 Prix Canson 2016, June 22–July 1, 2016] [[Drawing Center]].&lt;/ref&gt; Suzanne Deal Booth / FLAG Art Foundation Prize (2018), &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (2 May 2018), [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/arts/design/flag-art-foundation-contemporary-austin-art-prize.html Collectors Join Forces to Create $800,000 Art Prize] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; na PinchukArtCentre 's Future Generation Art Prize (2018). &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230129130701/https://futuregenerationartprize.org/news/2018-05-29 PinchukArtCentre announces the jury for the 5th edition of the Future Generation Art Prize] [[Future Generation Art Prize]], press release of 29 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, ọ bụ onye otu ndị juri họpụtara [[Njideka Akunyili Crosby]] dịka onye nnata Prix Canson . &lt;ref&gt;Andrew Russeth (22 June 2016), [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/njideka-akunyili-crosby-wins-2016-prix-canson-6556/ Njideka Akunyili Crosby Wins 2016 Prix Canson] ''[[ARTnews]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Molesworth bụ ọkà okwu mmalite maka UCLA School of Arts and Architecture na June 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://arts.ucla.edu/|title=UCLA Arts: School of the Arts and Architecture|work=UCLA Arts: School of the Arts and Architecture|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2022, ọ kwadoro pọdkastị akụkụ isii, Ọnwụ nke onye na-ese ihe, banyere ọnwụ nke onye Cuban-American artist Ana Mendieta, nwunye nke Carl Andre ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2022/08/death-of-an-artist-podcast-trailer-interview|title=The Tragic Story of Ana Mendieta is Uncovered in Death of an Artist|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; usoro ahụ mere ọtụtụ ndepụta &quot;kachasị mma nke 2022&quot;, gụnyere nke ''The Economist'' na ''The Atlantic'' . &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe ahụ ọ gbara ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eche echiche ajụjụ maka pọdkastị “Mkparịta ụka” nke David Zwirner Gallery . Ọ na-eduzi mkparịta ụka nka dị ka onye ọbịa nke usoro vidiyo “Mmemme”. &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Na August 13, 2006 Molesworth lụrụ nwunye ya, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, Susan Dackerman na Cambridge, Massachusetts . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2006-08-13|title=Helen Anne Molesworth and Susan Dackerman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/fashion/weddings/13mole.html|accessdate=2024-02-21|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Contemporary Art na Baltimore Museum of Art site na 2000 ruo 2002, ọ haziri Ọrụ Ethic, bụ nke na-achọpụta nsogbu nke ọrụ nka na nka post-1960. Site na 2002 ruo 2007 ọ bụ Chief Curator of Exhibitions na Wexner Center for Arts ebe ọ haziri ihe mbụ US retrospectives nke Louise Lawler 2022, ọ kwadoro pọdkastị akụkụ isii, Ọnwụ nke onye na-ese ihe, banyere ọnwụ nke onye Cuban-American artist Ana Mendieta

== Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara ==

* ''Kerry James Marshall : Ọkachamara.'' 2016, Museum of Contemporary Art na Chicago; 2016-2017, Met Breuer ; 2017, Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Observer&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Steadman|first=Ryan|title=One of the Great American Artists Gets an American Retrospective|url=http://observer.com/2016/02/black-power-kerry-james-marshall-prepares-for-major-3-city-retrospective/|accessdate=10 April 2016|date=February 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Mali tupu ị lee anya: Black Mountain College 1933–1957.'' 2015–2016, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston; 2016, ihe ngosi nka Hammer . Helen Molesworth kwadoro ya na Ruth Erickson. Ihe ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi Hammer nke Anne Ellegood haziri ya na MacKenzie Stevens na Jenụwarị Parkos Arnall.
* ''MOCA: Nkà nke Oge Anyị.'' 2015, Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles . &lt;ref name=&quot;LA Time&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Miranda|first=Carolina A|title=9 ways in which Helen Molesworth's permanent collection show at MOCA is upending the story of art|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-tour-of-moca-permanent-collection-helen-molesworth-20160107-htmlstory.html|accessdate=10 April 2016|date=January 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Amy Sillman: Otu akpụ ma ọ bụ abụọ.'' 2013–2014, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston .
* ''Nke a ga-abụ: nka, ịhụnanya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1980s.'' 2012, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago . Helen Molesworth onye nlekọta ọbịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Art21&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Westin|first=Monica|title=The MCA's &quot;This Will Have Been&quot; and the Subjectivity of History|url=http://blog.art21.org/2012/02/16/the-mcas-this-will-have-been-and-the-subjectivity-of-history/#.VwrIZDYrJmB|accessdate=10 April 2016|date=February 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Catherine Opie: Ọ tọgbọrọ chakoo.'' 2011, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston .
* ''Luc Tuymans.'' 2009, Wexner Center maka Arts ; 2010, Dallas Museum of Art ; 2010–2011, Museum of Contemporary Art na Chicago . Madeleine Grynsztejn na Helen Molesworth kwadoro &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SFMOMA AND WEXNER CENTER TO PRESENT FIRST U.S. RETROSPECTIVE OF THE WORK OF LUC TUYMANS|url=https://www.sfmoma.org/press/release/sfmoma-and-wexner-center-to-present-first-us-retr/|work=SF MoMA|accessdate=10 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara ==

* ''Open Questions: Thirty Years of Writing about Art'' (Donna Wingate, editor.) London: Phaidon, 2023. ISBN 978-1838666057
* DEATH OF AN ARTIST. A podcast in conjunction with Pushkin Industries and Somethin' else and Sony evaluating the significance of women and non-white persons in modern art through the life and tragic death of artist Ana Mendieta.
* ''One Day at a Time: Manny Farber and Termite Art'', Molesworth, Helen. Prestel, 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=ONE DAY AT A TIME: manny farber and termite art.|author=MOLESWORTH|first=HELEN|date=2018|publisher=PRESTEL ART|isbn=978-3791357669|location=S.l.|oclc=1020312076|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 978-3791357669
* ''Duchamp—By Hand, Even'', Molesworth, Helen. Wien Verlag für moderne Kunst, 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Helen Molesworth Duchamp: By hand, even|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2017|publisher=Verlag für Moderne Kunst|isbn=9783903153981|oclc=1008599377|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 978-3903153981
* ''Leap Before you Look : Black Mountain College, 1933–1957'', Molesworth, Helen. Boston: Institute of Contemporary Art in association with Yale University Press, 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Leap before you look: Black Mountain College, 1933-1957|url=https://archive.org/details/leapbeforeyouloo0000mole|author=Molesworth|first=Helen Anne|date=2016|publisher=Institute of contemporary art in association with Yale University press(IS) Institute of contemporary art; Yale University press.|isbn=9780300211917|location=Boston; Boston, Mass.; New Haven, Conn.; London|oclc=982274467|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 9780300211917
* Molesworth, Helen. &quot;How to Install Art as a Feminist.&quot; ''[https://www.moma.org/explore/publications/modern_women/book Modern Women: Women Artists at The Museum of Modern Art].'' Ed. Connie Butler, Ed. Alexandra Schwartz. Published by The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/modernwomenwomen0000unse|title=Modern women: women artists at the Museum of Modern Art|author=Butler|first=Cornelia H|date=2010|publisher=Museum of Modern Art : Distributed in the U.S. and Canada by D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers|isbn=9780870707711|location=New York|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Amy Sillman: One Lump or Two'', Molesworth, Helen. New York: DelMonico Books Prestel, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Amy Sillman: one lump or two|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2013|publisher=DelMonico Books (Prestel)|location=New York|oclc=950233366}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Louise Lawler'', Molesworth, Helen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Louise Lawler|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2013|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262018814|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|oclc=858000815|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 978-0262518352
* ''Klara Lidén Bodies of Society'', Molesworth, Helen. New York: New Museum, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Klara Lidén bodies of society|url=https://archive.org/details/klaralidenbodies0000lide|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2012|publisher=New Museum|isbn=9780985448523|location=New York, N.Y|oclc=901443271|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''This Will Have Been: Art, Love &amp; Politics in the 1980s'', Molesworth, Helen. Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thiswillhavebeen0000mole|title=This will have been: art, love, &amp; politics in the 1980s|author=Molesworth|first=Helen Anne|date=2012|publisher=Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago; Yale University Press|isbn=9780300181104|location=Chicago; London; New Haven (Conn.)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Catherine Opie: Empty and Full'', Molesworth, Helen, ed. Stuttgart: Hatje Cantz, 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Empty and full|author=Opie|first=Catherine|date=2011|publisher=Hatje Cantz Verl|isbn=9783775730150|location=Ostfildern|oclc=741701119|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Dance/Draw: The Institute of Contemporary Art Boston'', Molesworth, Helen. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Dance/Draw: the Institute of Contemporary Art Boston|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2011|publisher=Hatje Cantz|isbn=9783775731638|location=Ostfildern|oclc=972017383|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Luc Tuymans'' exh. cat. Palais des beaux-arts de Bruxelles, 18 février-8 mai 2011, Molesworth, Helen. Bruxelles: Ludion, DL 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Luc Tuymans [exposition, Palais des beaux-arts de Bruxelles, 18 février-8 mai 2011|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2011|publisher=Ludion|isbn=9789055447725|location=Bruxelles|oclc=758373350|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Part Object Part Sculpture'', Molesworth, Helen, ed., Penn State Press, 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Part object, part sculpture|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_W8-BGF-800|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2005|publisher=Wexner Center for the Arts, The Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University Press|isbn=0271028556|location=Columbus, OH; University Park, PA|oclc=907144433|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Body Space'', Molesworth, Helen.  Baltimore Museum of Art, 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bodyspace|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2001|publisher=Baltimore Museum of Art|location=Baltimore|oclc=272520549|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Work Ethic'', Molesworth, Helen. Baltimore Museum of Art, 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Work ethic|url=https://archive.org/details/workethic0000unse|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2003|publisher=Baltimore Museum of Art [etc|isbn=0271023341|location=Baltimore [etc|oclc=932548046|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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{{Databox}}'''Ernest James Gaines''' (January 15, 1933 - Nọvemba 5, 2019) bụ onye odee America onye akuziri ọrụ ya na klaasị kọleji wee tụgharịa n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, gụnyere French, Spanish, German, Russian na Chinese. Emere anọ n'ime ọrụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri telivishọn. &lt;ref&gt;Lockhart, John M. &quot;Words &amp; Music&quot;, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20121214003324/http://www.riversidereader.com/ The Riverside Reader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214003324/http://www.riversidereader.com/|date=December 14, 2012}}'', February 4, 2008, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ akụkọ 1993 ya, ''nkuzi tupu anwụ anwụ'', meriri National Book Critics Circle Award maka akụkọ ifo. Gaines bụ onye otu MacArthur Foundation, e nyere ya National Humanities Medal, ma webata ya na French ''Ordre des Arts et des Lettres'' (Order of Arts and Letters) dị ka Chevalier.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Gaines so n'ọgbọ nke ise nke ezinụlọ ya na-ekekọrịta ihe ka amụrụ na Osimiri Riverlake na Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana . Nke ahụ ghọrọ ntọala na ntọala maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ya mechara. Ọ bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụaka iri na abụọ, nke nwanne mama ya zụlitere, bụ́ onye nwere nkwarụ ma na-akpụ akpụ iji na-agagharị n'ụlọ. Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ọgbọ mgbe njedebe nke ịgba ohu gasịrị, Gaines tolitere dara ogbenye, na-ebi n'ebe ochie ohu na ubi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nysun.com/article/as-yoknapatawpha-was-to-faulkner-so-cherie-quarters-was-to-ernest-j-gaines|title=As Yoknapatawpha Was to Faulkner, So Cherie Quarters Was to Ernest J. Gaines|author=Carl|first=Rollyson|authorlink=Carl Rollyson|date=December 20, 2023|work=[[The New York Sun]]|publisher=|accessdate=January 6, 2024|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afọ mbụ Gaines nke ụlọ akwụkwọ weere ọnọdụ na chọọchị ihe ọkụkụ. Mgbe ụmụntakịrị anaghị aghọrọ owu n'ubi, onye nkuzi ọbịa bịara ọnwa ise ruo ọnwa isii n'afọ iji nye agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi. Gaines wee nọrọ afọ atọ na St. Augustine School, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik maka [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] na New Roads, Louisiana . Agụ akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka ndị America America agakwaghị n'ihu na klas nke asatọ n'oge a na Pointe Coupee Parish. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.katc.com/news/around-acadiana/report-ernest-gaines-has-died|title=Ernest Gaines has died at his home in Pointe Coupee Parish|date=2019-11-05|work=KATC|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-05|archive-date=2019-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105202522/https://www.katc.com/news/around-acadiana/report-ernest-gaines-has-died|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, Gaines kwagara Vallejo, California, iji sonyere nne ya na nna nna ya, bụ ndị hapụrụ Louisiana n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] . O dere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya na 17 mgbe ọ na-elekọta nwa nwanne ya nwoke nke ọdụdụ Michael. Dị ka otu akụkọ si kwuo, o ji akwụkwọ na-acha aja aja kechie ya, were eriri kechie ya, ziga ya onye nkwusa [[New York City|New York]], bụ́ onye jụrụ ya. Gaines gbara ihe odide ahụ ọkụ, ma emesịa degharịa ya ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya bipụtara, ''Catherine Carmier'' .

'''Ihe nkiri'''

* ''The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman'', CBS Television (1974) - Directors Guild of America Award, asatọ Emmy Awards, họpụtara maka a BAFTA award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman - Awards|publisher=IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071175/awards|accessdate=2019-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[The Sky Is Gray|The Sky Is Grey]]'', American Short Story Series, PBS (1980)
* ''Mkpọkọta ndị ochie'', CBS Television (1987)
* ''Ihe Ọmụmụ Tupu Ịnwụ'', HBO (1999); onye meriri, Emmy Award maka ihe onyonyo a ma ama emere maka ihe onyonyo onyonyo

== Ihe nrite ==
elekọta nwa nwanne ya nwoke nke ọdụdụ Michael. Dị ka otu akụkọ si kwuo, o ji akwụkwọ na-acha aja aja kechie ya, were eriri kechie ya, ziga ya onye nkwusa New York, bụ́ onye jụrụ ya. Gaines gbara ihe

* Nrite mba nke nka 2012
* [http://cla.mercer.edu/southern-studies/sidney-lanier-prize/ Sidney Lanier Prize maka akwụkwọ ndịda] (2012)
* Onyinye ọla edo edo nke America Academy of Achievement (2001) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ernest J. Gaines Biography and Interview|work=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/ernest-j-gaines/#interview|date=May 4, 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Achievement in American Literature award nke a na-enye kwa afọ na Rockville, Maryland, obodo ebe a na-eli Fitzgerald, nwunye ya na nwa ya nwanyị dịka akụkụ nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20250208065005/https://www.fscottfestival.org/ F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival] (2001).
* Chevalier (Knight) nke Order of Art and Letters (France) (2000)
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ American Academy of Arts and Letters Department of Literature (2000)
* Ihe [http://www.governorsartsawards.org onyinye Gọvanọ Arts] (2000)
* [http://www.state.lib.la.us/la_dyn_templ.cfm?doc_id=18 Onyinye ode akwụkwọ Louisiana] (2000)
* Nrite mba mmadụ (2000)
* Ihe nrite Circle Ndị nkatọ Akwụkwọ Mba maka akụkọ ifo (1993)
* John D. na Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellow (1993)
* Ihe nrite Dos Passos (1993)
* Dọkịta Sọpụrụ nke Akwụkwọ Ozi Humane (LHD) sitere na Mahadum Whittier (1986) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary|title=Honorary Degrees {{!}} Whittier College|work=www.whittier.edu|accessdate=2020-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow (1971)
* Enyemaka mba maka nka nka (1967)
* Ndị otu Wallace Stegner (1957)
* Isiokwu nke stampụ USPS Forever 2023 sitere na usoro ihe nketa ojii &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 24, 2022|title=U.S. Postal Service Reveals Stamps for 2023|work=United States Postal Service|url=https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2022/1024-usps-reveals-stamps-for-2023.htm|accessdate=October 26, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=USPS 46th Black Heritage Stamp: Ernest J. Gaines Forever Stamp|url=https://about.usps.com/newsroom/local-releases/sc/2023/0210ma-ernest-j-gaines-forever-stamp-ceremony.htm|accessdate=2023-12-02|work=about.usps.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ernest J. Gaines Award maka Ọkachamara Akwụkwọ ==
Akwụkwọ nrite nke ndị na-enye onyinye Baton Rouge Area Foundation guzobere na 2007 iji sọpụrụ ihe nketa Gaines ma gbaa ndị ode akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo America na-ebili elu. A na-ahọpụta onye mmeri site n'aka otu ndị ọka ikpe ise bụ ndị ama ama na ụwa ederede. Onye meriri na-enweta ihe nrite US $ 10,000 yana ihe ọkpụkpụ ncheta nke onye omenkà Louisiana bụ Robert Moreland kere. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ernestjgainesaward.org/|title=The Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence|work=The Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* ịkpa oke otu n'ime ọgbakọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na California

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Isi mmalite ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930031430/http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/1469/Ernest_Gaines_a_soulful_writer Akwụkwọ ndekọ nke African American]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://library.louisiana.edu/Gaines/ Ụlọ ọrụ Ernest J. Gaines na Mahadum Louisiana na Lafayette]
* [http://louisiana.libguides.com/ernestgainescenter Ngwa nkuzi maka ọrụ nke Ernest J. Gaines]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060915230349/http://www.louisiana.edu/Academic/LiberalArts/ENGL/Creative/Anthology/Gaineswork.htm Ihe nlele nke ederede Gaines] Archived  &lt;/link&gt;
* [http://www.sojo.net/index.cfm?action=magazine.article&amp;issue=soj0209&amp;article=020921 Ajụjụ ọnụ Gaines]
* [http://www.reesefuller.com/content/going-home Akụkọ gbasara Gaines: &quot;Ịga n'ụlọ&quot;]
* [http://www.reesefuller.com/articles/going-home-the-transcript/ Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Gaines: &quot;Ịga n'ụlọ: transcript&quot;]
* [http://www.ernestjgainesaward.org/ Ernest J. Gaines Award]
* Kelly, Evelyn E., Ph.D., [http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Kelly_uncg_0154D_10353.pdf &quot;'Kpee ekpere ma ọ bụrụ na Ị Chọrọ:' Ntụleghachi nke okpukpe na akụkọ ifo nke Ernest J. Gaines&quot;] (2010)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161012123856/http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/e/ernest_gaines.html Isi mmalite okwu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070917132122/http://community.muohio.edu/oxmag/node/24 Ajụjụ ọnụ Ernest Gaines] maka OxMag
* [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2011/02/18/february-18-2011-ernest-gaines/8169/ Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Ernest J. Gaines], na ''Religion &amp; Ethics Newsweekly'', February 18, 2011
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3805562?seq=1 Christ Walked Down Market Street] JSTOR Archive nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2004 Calloo Magazine V28, Mahadum Johns Hopkins</text>
      <sha1>kevhgsre3sw4sevhurovw0rzr8cm6fe</sha1>
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      <text bytes="32700" sha1="lyvjfkwsq7r8w9kxrcisv30g9wubq0f" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Achịcha achịcha nke obodo ma ọ bụ mpaghara bụ mpaghara, n'ihi ụbara ala na/ma ọ bụ ihu igwe dị mma, na-amịpụta ọka wit buru ibu ma ọ bụ ọka ndị ọzọ. Osikapa Osikapa bụ okwu yiri nke a na-ezo aka na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia; A na-akpọ ndagwurugwu Salinas California mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka efere salad America. Mpaghara ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ isiokwu nke esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, nke nwere ike ịmalite n'ọgba aghara agha zuru oke.&lt;ref&gt;
For example: [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] in 1941–1944 during [[World War II]]: 
{{Cite book|author=Snyder|first=Timothy|chapter=The Economics of Apocalypse|title=Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodlandseurope0000snyd_s7g9|date=12 October 2010|location=New York|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=9780465002399|quote=Food from Ukraine was as important to the Nazi vision of an eastern empire as it was to Stalin's defense of the integrity of the Soviet Union. Stalin's Ukrainian 'fortress' was Hitler's Ukrainian 'breadbasket.' [...] Hitler wanted Ukraine 'so that no one is able to starve us again, like in the last war.'}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Achịcha achịcha aghọwo ihe dị mkpa n'ime usoro nri zuru ụwa ọnụ site na itinye uche na mmepụta nri zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mba na, na mba ndị dị ka India, na obere mpaghara mpaghara. Ka mgbanwe ihu igwe na-abawanye mgbanwe ihu igwe gburugburu ụwa, ohere nke ọtụtụ bredskits na-ada n'otu oge na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ọgba aghara nri nke 2022 bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọdịda na mpaghara bred isi, na mbuso agha Russia nke 2022 butere nnukwu mmebi nke mpaghara bred achịcha dị iche iche dị mkpa maka mmepụta ọka wit na mmanụ mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Julia Horowitz|title=War has brought the world to the brink of a food crisis|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/12/business/food-crisis-ukraine-russia/index.html|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=CNN|date=12 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lynch|first=Colum|title=U.N. to Keep Beasley at WFP as Food Crises Roil the World|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/17/un-wfp-david-beasley-food-crisis/|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=McDonough|first=Siobhan|date=2022-02-27|title=What the Russian invasion of Ukraine could mean for global hunger|url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/2/27/22950805/russia-ukraine-food-prices-hunger-invasion-war|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=Vox|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nicas|first=Jack|date=2022-03-20|title=Ukraine War Threatens to Cause a Global Food Crisis|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/20/world/americas/ukraine-war-global-food-crisis.html|accessdate=2022-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Good|first=Keith|date=2022-03-21|title=&quot;Global Food Crisis&quot; Possible- – &quot;No Precedent Even Close to This Since World War II&quot; • Farm Policy News|url=https://farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2022/03/global-food-crisis-possible-no-precedent-even-close-to-this-since-world-war-ii/|accessdate=2022-04-05|work=Farm Policy News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
 

=== Oge Ochie ===
A na-ewere Sicily na ógbè Africa dị ka nkata achịcha nke Roman Republic. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge ndị eze ukwu, a na-ewere Hispania (na kpọmkwem, Baetica) dị ka &quot;nkịta achịcha Rome.&quot; Strabo kwuru na &quot;Turdetania bụ ihe magburu onwe ya na-eme nri, ọ nwere ụdị mkpụrụ osisi dị iche iche ma dị ukwuu&quot;, yana na ya na ógbè Egypt, ha bụ ókèala ndị kasị arụpụta ihe na ụwa a ma ama. Crimea bụ isi iyi nke oke ọka a na-enweta na obodo-obodo Gris, ọkachasị Atens.

== Afrịka ==
[[Usòrò:Miliana_situation.JPG|thumb|Ubi ọka wit na Miliana, Algeria]]
Na South Africa, a na-elekarị mpaghara Free State anya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi ọka wit, sunflower, na ubi ọka ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 March 2006|title=South Africa : Accommodation : Free State|url=http://www.doorway.co.za/accommodation--freestate--south_africa.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060328074350/http://www.doorway.co.za/accommodation--freestate--south_africa.asp|archivedate=2006-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; A makwaara mpaghara Overberg dị na Western Cape dị ka oghere achịcha nke South Africa n'ihi nnukwu ubi ọka wit ya, yana uto mkpụrụ osisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thegeoshop.co.za/mapsslingsby/overberg.htm|title=Overberg &amp; Whale Coast Touring Map: Overberg... The Breadbasket of South Africa|work=www.thegeoshop.co.za|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929161708/http://www.thegeoshop.co.za/mapsslingsby/overberg.htm|archivedate=September 29, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Zimbabwe]], nke a maara dị ka Rhodesia, bụ nke a maara dịka achịcha nke Africa ruo n'afọ 2000, na-ebupụ ọka wit, ụtaba, na ọka n'ụwa niile, ọkachasị mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka. Otú ọ dị taa, [[Zimbabwe]], bụ onye na-ebubata ihe oriri site na Western World.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 April 2005|title=From Breadbasket to Dustbowl|url=http://spectator.org/48721_breadbasket-dustbowl/|accessdate=2018-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;O yiri ka enwere arụmụka ma ọ bụrụ na Zimbabwe bụ nkata achịcha nke Africa, ebe ọ bụ na n'ime afọ 55 Zimbabwe enwetụbeghị 10% nke ọka na kọntinent ahụ. Site na 1960 ruo 1980 ọ kụrụ naanị 6% dị ala karịa onyinye Kenya ma na-adaba na Naịjirịa.

=== Morocco ===
Ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ ugbo bụ usoro akụ na ụba kachasị n'ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Morocco, ọ na-esiri ike ikwu maka mpaghara achịcha. Mpaghara niile na-emepụta ọka wit na ọka bali nke ha iji nye onwe ha na anụ ụlọ ha nri. Site na mmụba azụmahịa Europe na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 19, Morocco malitere mbupụ ọka wit na Europe n'agbanyeghị mmegide nke Ulama (ndị okpukpe). Ala dị larịị Chaouia na Doukkala ghọrọ ndị na-eweta ọka wit kachasị mkpa maka mbupụ. Nke a bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya n'ihi ịdị nso ha n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Casablanca na Feddala, Mohammedia nke taa, na-arụ ọrụ na Chaouia Plain ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Mazagan na-arụ Doukkala.

Mgbe nnwere onwe Morocco gasịrị, ọrụ ugbo na Doukkala ghọrọ nke a kwadebere maka ịgba mmiri n'ihi ya, e wepụtara obere ebe maka ọka wit, ebe Chaouia nọgidere na-enwe ọnọdụ ya dị ka nnukwu mpaghara na-emepụta ọka wit n'ihi ala ya gbara ọchịchịrị a na-akpọ tirs na mmiri ozuzo buru ibu (ihe dị ka 400 mm / afọ).&amp;nbsp;

== Eshia ==
[[Usòrò:Agriculture_in_India_tractor_farming_Punjab_preparing_field_for_a_wheat_crop_without_burning_previous_crop_stalk.jpg|thumb|Ubi ọka na Punjab, India]]
[[Usòrò:1213Canantong,_Laur,_Nueva_Ecija_47.jpg|thumb|Ricefield na Nueva Ecija, Philippines]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ọnọdụ
!Igbe achịcha / Ricebowl
|-
|Cambodia
|E mepụtara mpaghara Battambang dị ka efere osikapa nke Cambodia n'ihi ubi ndị na-eme nri na mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ricetoday.irri.org/farmer-focused-partnership-leads-to-improvement-innovation-of-cambodias-rice-sector/|title=Farmer-focused partnership leads to improvement, innovation of Cambodia's rice sector|accessdate=2024-07-11|archivedate=2024-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220233156/https://ricetoday.irri.org/farmer-focused-partnership-leads-to-improvement-innovation-of-cambodias-rice-sector/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|China
|A maara Sichuan n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka &quot;ógbè nke ụbara&quot; (魚米) n'ihi ike ọrụ ugbo ya n'akụnụ ihe mere eme. A makwaara mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Yellow na Osimiri Yangtze dị ka Henan, ndịda Jiangsu na Zhejiang maka ọmụmụ ha bara ụba. 
Ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China (nke iwu kwadoro mpaghara atọ nke Heilongjiang, Jilin na Liaoning), ọkachasị mpaghara ugwu oyi, a maara dị ka &quot;Great Northern Wilderness&quot; (北大荒) n'ihi ụkọ ndị bi na ya tupu nnukwu mbata nke Ndị China Han banye n'ógbè ahụ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ndị Japan na-achị na Manchukuo, ọrụ ugbo mụbara iji nye ndị agha Japan nri. Mgbe e guzobere People's Republic of China, ọpụpụ na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ sochiri n'oge ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20, a na-arụkwa ọrụ ugbo n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ala ojii na-eme nri nke mpaghara ahụ, na-agbanwe North East ka ọ bụrụ &quot;Great Northern Granary&quot; (北大仓) nke na-emepụta ọtụtụ ugboro ihe ọkụkụ achọrọ maka oriri mpaghara.
|-
|India
|A na-ewere Uttar Pradesh na Punjab tinyere Haryana dị ka efere achịcha nke India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 June 2010|title=India takes blow to the breadbasket|language=en|work=The National|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/india-takes-blow-to-the-breadbasket-1.511790|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A na-ekwu na West Bengal na Uttar Pradesh na Andhra Pradesh tinyere Telangana bụ &quot;efere osikapa&quot; nke India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-01-06|title=Most Crucial facts about Andhra Pradesh (The Rice Bowl of India)|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/most-crucial-facts-about-andhra-pradesh-the-rice-bowl-of-india-1452076579-1|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=Jagranjosh.com|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414074547/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/most-crucial-facts-about-andhra-pradesh-the-rice-bowl-of-india-1452076579-1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=3 January 2020|title=Reviving Our Rice Bowl: Bengal Farmers Preserve 200+ Traditional Rice Varieties|work=The Better India|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/208183/bengal-traditional-rice-seeds-growing-yield-organic-farmers-lakhs-india/|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Indonesia
|A na-ewere ala dị larịị nke Java dị ka efere osikapa nke Indonesia.
|-
|Korea, South
|A na-ewere mpaghara Honam, nke Jeolla Province na-akọwapụtakarị, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ala ahụ, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi mkpa ọrụ ugbo ya na uto ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Seoul Times|url=https://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php?idx=13473|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=theseoultimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, mpaghara ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke Jeonju Bibimbap a ma ama.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-02-14|title=JEONJUCITY BLOG|url=https://jeonjucity.kr/jeonju-bibimbap-popular-traditional-korean-dish-among-foreigners/|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=JEONJUCITY BLOG|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128083225/https://jeonjucity.kr/jeonju-bibimbap-popular-traditional-korean-dish-among-foreigners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-01|title=Historical and biological aspects of bibimbap, a Korean ethnic food|journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=74–83|doi=10.1016/j.jef.2015.05.002|issn=2352-6181|author=Chung|first=Kyung Rhan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-03-20|title=The Story of Jeonju Bibimbap|url=https://koreatourinformation.com/blog/2014/03/20/the-story-of-jeonju-bibimbap-2/|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=koreatourinformation.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Korea, North
|A na-ewere ala dị larịị nke Hwanghae Province kọwara dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi mkpa ala ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gi|first=Jang Seul|date=2019-09-10|title=Typhoon Lingling ravages North Korea's breadbasket|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/typhoon-lingling-devastates-beadbasket/|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=Daily NK|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Malaysia
|A na-ewere Kedah dị ka efere osikapa nke Malaysia, na-eme ihe dịka ọkara nke mmepụta osikapa niile nke Malaysia. N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị Kedah machibidoro ntụgharị nke Ubi paddy ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe iji chebe ụlọ ọrụ osikapa.
|-
|Myanmar
|Irrawaddy Delta dị na Myanmar bụbu otu n'ime isi iyi osikapa kachasị mkpa na mpaghara ahụ ruo mgbe mmepụta ya belatara n'ihi ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adịghị mma nke mba ahụ.
|-
|Pakistan
|A na-ewere mpaghara Punjab dị ka oghere achịcha nke Pakistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=6 August 2010|title=Pakistan flood: Sindh braces as water envelops southern Punjab|work=Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/05/pakistan-flood-spreads-punjab-sindh|accessdate=2013-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Philippines
|A na-ewere ógbè Nueva Ecija, nke dị n'àgwàetiti Luzon, dị ka ebe a na-edebe osikapa na Philippines n'ihi nnukwu ala a na-eji emepụta osikapa. 
A maara agwaetiti Mindanao dị ka nkata nri nke mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|date=15 October 2015|title=Fruits of peace|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2015/10/15/fruits-of-peace|accessdate=2019-10-30|quote=The Philippines is the world’s third-leading exporter of bananas. Three-quarters of the country’s production of the fruit comes from Mindanao, long known as the Philippines’ food basket.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Siria
|A na-ewere mpaghara Al-Jazira dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Siria, na ọdọ mmiri Yufretis ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi ụbara ọka wit ya.
|-
|Thailand
|A na-ewere Chao Phraya delta dị ka efere osikapa nke Thailand.
|-
|Vietnam
|A na-ewere Delta Mekong dị na Vietnam dị ka efere osikapa nke mba ahụ.
|}

== Europe ==
[[Usòrò:Field_in_County_Kildare.jpg|thumb|Ubi ọka na County Kildare, Ireland]]
[[Usòrò:Wheat_fields_at_Nöbbelöv,_Lund_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ubi ọka wit dị nso na Lund na Scania, Sweden.]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ọnọdụ
!Igbe achịcha / Ricebowl
|-
|Bulgaria
|Southern Dobruja, mpaghara dị larịị na-eme nri n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Bulgaria n'etiti Danube na Oké Osimiri Ojii, a na-ewere ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;vatahov&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vatahov|first=Ivan|date=2001-08-23|title=Drought leads to low yields in Dobrudja|work=The Sofia Echo|publisher=Sofia Echo Media Ltd.|url=http://sofiaecho.com/2001/08/23/625626_drought-leads-to-low-yields-in-dobrudja|accessdate=2015-09-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Duijzings|first=Ger|title=Global Villages: Rural and Urban Transformations in Contemporary Bulgaria|date=2014|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781783083510|pages=110}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Saịprọs
|Ala dị larịị nke etiti a na-akpọ Mesaoria nke gbara isi obodo Nicosia gburugburu abụwo ebe a na-edebe nri n'àgwàetiti ahụ.
|-
|Finland
|Mpaghara Ndịda Ọdịda Anyanwụ Finland na Uusimaa, nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe kachasị ọkụ na kọntinent Finland na ala na-eme nri n'ihi ọnọdụ ha dị n'ebe ndịda, na-eme ka ha bụrụ efere achịcha nke Finland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elinkeinoelämä|url=http://www.varsinais-suomi.fi/fi/maakunta/elinkeino|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602133538/http://www.varsinais-suomi.fi/fi/maakunta/elinkeino|archivedate=2016-06-02|accessdate=2016-08-07|publisher=Regional Council of Southwest Finland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|France
|A na-ewere ala dị larịị Beauce dị ka oghere achịcha nke France.
|-
|Germany
|A na-ewere East Prussia dị ka nkata achịcha nke German Reich.&lt;ref&gt;[http://archiv.preussische-allgemeine.de/ow1960/1960_08_01_08.pdf Einst Deutschlands Kornkammer: Neusiedler haben keine Beziehung zum Land], Ostpreussen-Warte, 1960&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Hungary
|Ala Dị Larịị nke Hungary emepụtala ọka na ọka dị ukwuu. Na mbido narị afọ nke 20, 34% nke mmepụta ọka zuru oke na Europe na 11% nke mmepụta ntụ ọka na Europe bụ na Hungary.
|-
|Ireland
|Ọkara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ireland bụ nkata achịcha ọdịnala nke mba ahụ, ebe a na-eji akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ eme ihe maka ịta ahịhịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Food, feasting and folklore|url=http://www.independent.ie/editorial/StoryPlus/food-feasting-and-folklore/|work=www.independent.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na mmalite nke iri na itoolu, Ireland n'onwe ya bụ oghere nri nke United Kingdom nke Great Britain na Ireland, na ọka Irish na-enye obodo mmepụta ihe nke Britain ebe ndị ọrụ ugbo Irish na-eri poteto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Halloran|first=Amy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct4BCgAAQBAJ&amp;q=ireland+%22bread+basket%22&amp;pg=PA6|title=The New Bread Basket: How the New Crop of Grain Growers, Plant Breeders, Millers, Maltsters, Bakers, Brewers, and Local Food Activists Are Redefining Our Daily Loaf|date=26 June 2015|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing|isbn=9781603585682}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a ga-eduga na Nnukwu Ụnwụ nke afọ 1840.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=bairishstudies|date=12 January 2016|title=The Eighteenth-century Celtic Tiger|url=https://bairishstudies.wordpress.com/2016/01/12/175/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bourke|first=Angela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ6W1LiIyYYC&amp;q=%22bread+basket%22&amp;pg=PA1661|title=The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing|date=10 April 1991|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9780814799079}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Pickering|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnmxAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=+%22bread+basket%22&amp;pg=PA75|title=The People's Bread: A History of the Anti-Corn Law League|date=1 August 2000|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9780567204974}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Latvia
|A na-ewere Semigallia dị ka nkata achịcha nke Latvia.
|-
|-
|Portugal
|Alentejo bụ mpaghara dị larịị ma na-eme nri n'ihi na ọ dị n'etiti osimiri Tagus na Guadiana. N'ihi nke a na ịdị nso ya na Lisbon, a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;ekpo achịcha nke Portugal&quot; ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guía de Portugal: Região do Alentejo|url=https://www.guiadacidade.pt/es/regioes-regiao-do-alentejo|accessdate=2024-04-05|work=Guia da Cidade|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alentejo|url=https://www.euroaaa.eu/site/es/alentejo|accessdate=2024-04-05|work=Interreg España-Portugal: Eurorregión AAA (Alentejo-Algarve-Andalucía).}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'akwụkwọ sitere na 1639, nke Don [[:pt:Agostinho_Manuel_de_Vasconcelos|Agostinho Manuel de Vasconcelos]] dere, a kọwara &quot;Ógbè Alentejo&quot; dị ka &quot;ụlọ nkwakọba ihe kachasị eme nri nke Alaeze ahụ&quot;.  N'afọ 1833, onye edemede Don [[:es:José_Muñoz_Maldonado|José Muñoz Maldonado]] bipụtara akwụkwọ banyere Agha Peninsular nke ọ kọwakwara &quot;ógbè Alenteja, nke a na-akpọ achịcha nke Portugal maka ụbara ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=De Vasconcellos|first=Agostinho Manuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDJMAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=alentejo+granero+portugal|title=Vida y acciones del Real Don Iuan el Segundo, Decimotercio de Portugal|date=1639|publisher=Imprenta de Maria de Quiñones|location=[[Madrid]]|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Maldonado|first=José Muñoz|authorlink=:es:José Muñoz Maldonado|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Db1dAAAAcAAJ&amp;dq=alentejo+granero+portugal&amp;pg=PA397|title=Historia Politica y Militar de la Guerra de la Independencia de Espana contra Napoleon Bonaparte desde 1808 a 1814, escrita sobre los documentos autenticos del gobierno|date=1833|publisher=Imprenta de D. José Palacios|location=[[Madrid]]|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Romania
|Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, a na-ewere Romania dị ka akụkụ nke nkata achịcha nke Europe.&lt;ref&gt;Sheilah Kast and Jim Rosapepe, ''Dracula Is Dead'' (2009) p 104&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Rọshịa
|E nwere Central Black Earth Region na Russia n'onwe ya.
|-
|Serbia
|A na-ewere Vojvodina dị ka oghere achịcha nke Serbia. Ihe dị ka 70% nke ngwaahịa ugbo ya bụ ọka, 20% nke ahịhịa ụlọ ọrụ, na 10% nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.
|-
|Spain
|N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ewere mpaghara ndịda Andalusia dị ka &quot;nnukwu achịcha nke Spain&quot;.   Mmeri nke Andalusia abụghị naanị ihe ịga nke ọma nke Reconquista, kamakwa nyere Ndị Eze Hispanic mpaghara ọrụ ugbo kachasị emepụta ihe na Iberia: Ndagwurugwu Guadalquivir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Walsh|first=William Th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFtTWfsxHKgC|title=Isabel de España|date=1993-11-01|publisher=Palabra|isbn=978-84-8239-837-2|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Cabañas Agrela|first=José Miguel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B_dCwAAQBAJ|title=Breve historia de Cervantes|publisher=Ediciones Nowtilus|year=2016|isbn=978-84-9967-789-7|pages=[https://books.google.es/books?id=_B_dCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT148 148]|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Site na aha njirimara kwesịrị ekwesị nke granero de España, ịbanye na nnukwu ndagwurugwu Andalusian pụtara mmesi obi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọkachasị ọka wit, kamakwa osisi oliv, ubi vaịn, osisi oroma, okpete, wdg.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lara Sánchez|first=Francisco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVFMAAAAMAAJ|title=Población y sector primario en la Andalucía franquista|date=1984|publisher=Servicio de Publicaciones, Diputación Provincial de Málaga|isbn=978-84-505-0251-0|pages=[https://books.google.es/books?id=HVFMAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=andaluc%C3%ADa+granero+de+espa%C3%B1a&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;q=granero 99]|language=es|quote=Andalusia has sometimes been defined &quot;as the orchard and granary of Spain&quot;, due to its rich crops of cereals and olive trees, vineyards and orange trees, sugar canes, etc. In the early fifties, the weight of Andalusian agricultural production was extremely important for the Spanish economy.}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a ga-agbakwunye ọka, strawberry, lemon, osikapa, wdg. N'afọ 1826, Alexander de Laborde kwuru, sị: Ánọmba Andalusia jupụtara n'ọka nke na a na-akpọ ya &quot;ekpo achịcha nke Spain,&quot; n'ihe gbasara owuwe ihe ubi okpukpu abụọ karịa oriri ya. Andalusia na-emepụta ọtụtụ mmanya mara mma, nke mere na a na'ihi ya ka a na-ewere ha dị ka mmanya kachasị ọnụ ahịa na Spain (...) N'alaeze Granada na Seville, osisi vaịn dị nnọọ ukwuu (...) Olivishọn ahụ bara ọgaranya ma dị egwu na alaeze anọ nke Andalusia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Laborde|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España: su situación geográfica, poblacion, historia civil y natural, agricultura, comercio, industria, hombres célebres y carácter y costumbres de sus habitantes|date=1826|publisher=Libr. de Cabrerizo|pages=[https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&amp;pg=RA2-PA493&amp;dq=andaluc%C3%ADa+granero+de+espa%C3%B1a&amp;hl=es-419&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjtqJjUmIn1AhV5BmMBHUhbD_UQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=andaluc%C3%ADa%20granero%20de%20espa%C3%B1a&amp;f=false 493]|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ala ndị a na-agba mmiri, ubi mkpụrụ osisi nke [[Horta nke Valencia|Valencia]] na Murcia pụtakwara, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ekwu mgbe niile na Spain enwere naanị ubi mkpụrụ osisi abụọ, nke Valencia na nke Murcia. A na-ewerekwa obodo Castile na León dị ka oghere achịcha nke Spain, ebe ọ bụ na a na-akụ mkpụrụ ọka buru ibu n'ala ya, ọkachasị na mgbakwunye na ubi vaịn na akwụkwọ nri. A na-ewere Almería, ya na oké osimiri plastik ya, dị ka &quot;ogige nke Europe&quot;.
|-
|[[Slovenia]]
|Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, e nwere atụmatụ ịdọrọ mmiri na Ljubljana Marsh ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ oghere achịcha nke Carniola.&lt;ref&gt;Melik, Anton. 1959. ''Slovenija: Geografski Opis,'' vol. 2, part 3. Ljubljana: Slovenska Matica, p. 187.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vidic, Marko. 1987. &quot;Agrarna revolucija.&quot; ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'', vol. 1, pp. 20–21. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Sweden
|A na-ewere Scania dị ka oghere achịcha nke Sweden. Mkpụrụ osisi na mpaghara ọ bụla dị elu karịa mpaghara ọ bụla ọzọ na Sweden na ala ahụ so na ndị na-eme nri n'ụwa. Ala dị larịị nke Scanian bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ndị ọzọ nọ na Sweden ebe ọ bụ na 25-95% nke ngụkọta mmepụta nke ụdị ọka dị iche iche sitere na mpaghara ahụ.
|-
|Turkey
|A na-ewere mpaghara Aegean, mpaghara Marmara na Central Anatolia dị ka oghere achịcha nke Turkey. Mpaghara Aegean na Mpaghara Marmara bụ ndị a ma ama maka ịkọ osisi oliv, ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi na ịkọ akwụkwọ nri. Central Anatolia bụ ebe a ma ama maka ịkọ ọka dị ka ọka wit, ọka, sunflowers na ọka bali.
|-
|Ukraine
|Ọ dịla anya a maara Ukraine dị ka oghere achịcha nke Europe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://theweek.com/article/index/257616/ukraines-fraught-relationship-with-russia-a-brief-history Ukraine's fraught relationship with Russia: A brief history]. The Week. March 8, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ bụ akụkụ nke Soviet Union, a maara ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke Soviet Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Verbyany|first=Volodymyr|title=One of the Most Fertile Nations Wants to Feed the World|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-20/global-food-supply-ukraine-soviet-union-s-breadbasket-plan-to-feed-the-world|accessdate=15 August 2022|publisher=Bloomberg|date=20 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|United Kingdom
|A na-akpọ mpaghara East Anglia nke East of England, Southeast England, East Midlands, West Midlands, Yorkshire na Humber na England na Scottish Lowlands mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka &quot;Britain's breadbasket&quot; ebe ngwakọta nke ihu igwe, ala na ala dị mma maka ịzụlite ọka wit. Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Anglia Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ England na 2010 zuru ezu iji mepụta achịcha nde 5,774.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=16 May 2016|title=Farming in East Anglia|url=https://www.nfuonline.com/about-us/our-offices/east-anglia/east-anglia-key-content/farming-in-east-anglia/|accessdate=2020-08-30|work=www.nfuonline.com|publisher=National Farmers' Union|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808201459/https://www.nfuonline.com/about-us/our-offices/east-anglia/east-anglia-key-content/farming-in-east-anglia/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;Na Wales nke oge ochie, a na-ewere Isle of Anglesey dị ka nke na naanị ya nwere ike &quot;inye ndị niile bi na ya oke [[Mkpụrụ ọka mà obu ọkà ọkà|ọka]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Description of Wales|authorlink=Gerald of Wales|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1092/1092-h/1092-h.htm|quote=so could the Isle of Mona (Anglesey) provide a requisite quantity of corn for all the inhabitants: on which account there is an old British proverb, “Mon mam Cymbry,” that is, “Mona is the mother of Wales.”}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Amerịka ==

=== Ebe Ugwu America ===
[[Usòrò:Corn_belt.svg|thumb|400x400px|Ubi ọka nke United StatesAkara ọka]]
Na Canada, a na-akpọ nnukwu ebe a na-akụ ọka ala Canada. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mpaghara Saskatchewan, nke a makwaara maka imepụta nnukwu ihe mgbakwunye potash, na-apụtakwa n'ime mpaghara a dị ka isi achịcha nke Canada.

Na United States, mpaghara dị mkpa bụ Corn Belt, ebe ọka na soybeans bụ ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa, nke na-agbasa site na Great Lakes n'ebe ndịda site na [[Mizurị|Missouri]]. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na United States na Canada, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Rocky, bụ Wheat Belt, ebe ihu igwe siri ike maka ọka ma ọ bụ soybeans.

A na-akpọkarị mpaghara Palouse nke steeti Eastern Washington dị ka Breadbasket nke Pacific Northwest, n'ihi nnukwu mmepụta ọka wit na lentils.[https://www.historylink.org/File/21303]

N'oge [[Agha Obodo America|Agha Obodo]], a maara Ndagwurugwu Shenandoah dị ka Breadbasket nke Confederacy. &lt;ref name=&quot;shenandoahatwar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.shenandoahatwar.org/our-once-beautiful-but-now-desolated-valley/#:~:text=During%20the%20Civil%20War%20the,importance%20to%20the%20Southern%20cause.&amp;text=Thus%2C%20in%20the%20context%20of,the%20Breadbasket%20of%20the%20Confederacy.%E2%80%9D|title=&quot;Our once beautiful but now desolated Valley&quot;|work=Shenandoah at War|accessdate=2021-03-17|archivedate=8 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134803/https://www.shenandoahatwar.org/our-once-beautiful-but-now-desolated-valley/#:~:text=During%20the%20Civil%20War%20the,importance%20to%20the%20Southern%20cause.&amp;text=Thus%2C%20in%20the%20context%20of,the%20Breadbasket%20of%20the%20Confederacy.%E2%80%9D}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-akpọkwa Ndagwurugwu San Joaquin dị na California achịcha nke ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eb5northerncalifornia.com/index.php?page=breadbasket-of-the-world|title=EB5 Northern California – Breadbasket Of The World|work=eb5northerncalifornia.com|accessdate=2018-01-01|archivedate=2017-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026105139/http://eb5northerncalifornia.com/index.php?page=breadbasket-of-the-world}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndagwurugwu San Joaquin na-emepụta ihe ka ukwuu n'ime 12.8% nke mmepụta ugbo nke United States (dị ka a tụrụ ya na uru dollar) nke sitere na California.&lt;ref name=&quot;ca.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/files/CDFA_Sec2.pdf|date=2009-04-06|title=Agricultural Statistical Review|work=California Agricultural Resource Directory 2008–2009|accessdate=2021-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpụrụ vaịn - tebụl, mkpụrụ vaịn, na, ruo n'ókè dị ala, mmanya - bụ ma eleghị anya ngwaahịa kachasị elu na ndagwurugwu ahụ, mana n'otu aka ahụ (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị karịa) dị mkpa bụ ogho, mkpụrụ osisi (karịsịa almond na pistachios), citrus, na akwụkwọ nri. 70% nke ụwa na 100% nke US na-enye almond sitere na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Oranges, peaches, garlic, tangerines, tomato, kiwis, hay, alfalfa na ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ ejirila nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Dabere na ọnụọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo nke afọ 2002 nke uru ahịa nke ngwaahịa ugbo rere, itoolu n'ime mba 10 kachasị elu, na 12 n'ime obodo 20 kachasị elu dị na California.&lt;ref name=&quot;ca.gov&quot; /&gt;

Brazil bụ mba nke abụọ kachasị ebubata ọka n'ụwa, nwere pasent 19 nke òkè ahịa mba ụwa, na mba nke anọ na-emepụta ọka (osikapa, ọka bali, soybeans, ọka na ọka wit) n'azụ United States, China na India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brazil is the world's fourth largest grain producer and top beef exporter, study shows|url=https://www.embrapa.br/en/busca-de-noticias/-/noticia/62619259/brazil-is-the-worlds-fourth-largest-grain-producer-and-top-beef-exporter-study-shows|accessdate=2024-02-06|work=[[Embrapa]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Brazil bụkwa mba kachasị ebubata okpete, mmiri oroma, [[kọfị]], ọkụkọ, anụ ehi, ọka, na mba nke abụọ kachasị ebubata anụ ezì na ogho. Mba ahụ nwekwara ọnụnọ dị ịrịba ama dị ka onye na-emepụta ma na-ebupụ [[Oskàpà|osikapa]], ọka wit, àkwá, koko, [[Mkpụrụ|agwa]], mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche. 

N'ime narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20, a maara [[Argentina]] dị ka oghere achịcha nke ụwa, n'ihi mkpa ọrụ ugbo nwere, ma ka nwere, na mba ahụ. A na-ahụ ubi ọka nke Argentina na mpaghara Pampas, nke gụnyere mpaghara Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba na La Pampa. N'ime mpaghara a, ọtụtụ obodo, dị ka Pergamino, Venado Tuerto na Rosario, bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị na-eme nri na kọntinent ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ubi ndị ahụ gụnyere soybeans, ọka, ọka wit, ọka bali, sunflower na ahụekere, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ịnweta ahịa California na Australia mere ka mbupụ ọka wit bụrụ ọrụ bara uru, na-eduga na Usoro ọka wit nke Chile. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, mba ndị ahụ nwere nnukwu ọlaedo, nke mere ka a chọọ ọka wit dị ukwuu. Chile bụ n'oge ahụ &quot;naanị onye na-emepụta ọka wit nke dị mkpa na Pacific&quot;.

== Oceania ==

=== Australia ===
A na-ahụ Murray-Darling Basin dị ka oghere achịcha nke Australia, ebe ọ bụ isi iyi nke 40% nke ego ọrụ ugbo nke mba ahụ, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke owuwe ihe ubi ọka wit, pasent 95 nke ihe ọkụkụ osikapa na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị ka mkpụrụ osisi, mmanya na ogho.

=== New Zealand ===
Mgbe New Zealand ghọrọ obodo Britain, ala ndị na-eme nri na-emepụta nri nke a ga-ebughachi azụ na England, na-eme ka New Zealand bụrụ onye a na-akpọkarị (mgbe ụfọdụ yana Australia) dị ka bred nke Britain, na-eduga na Dunedin bụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ iji wuchaa n'ezie ịga nke ọma n'ibu anụ refrigerated. Ejiri igwe refrigeration were rụkwaa ya nke o ji buru ibu mbụ nke anụ jụrụ oyi si New Zealand gaa United Kingdom.

== Ebem si dee ==

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[[File:Broiler Chicks.jpg|thumb|Ihe a na-esi n'ọkụ]]
Breed broiler bụ ọkụkọ ọ bụla ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) nke a na-azụ ma zụlite kpọmkwem maka mmepụta anụ. Ọtụtụ broilers azụmahịa na-erute ibu igbu ọchụ n'agbata izu anọ na isii, ọ bụ ezie na ụdị ndị na-eto eto ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-erute ibu ogbugbu n'ihe dịka izu iri na anọ. Broilers a na-ahụkarị nwere nku ọcha yana akpụkpọ na-acha odo odo. A na-ejikwa broiler ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ broiler-fryer mgbe ụfọdụ na-ezo aka kpọmkwem na ọkụkọ ndị na-erubeghị kilogram 2.0 (4+1⁄2 lb), ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-esi nri buru ibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;chicken types&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/chicken-terminology-glossary-2313853|title=What Are the Main Types of Chicken?|publisher=The Spruce Eats|date=January 7, 2019|accessdate=June 16, 2020|author=Gerrard|first=Gene|archivedate=June 16, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616144955/https://www.thespruceeats.com/chicken-terminology-glossary-2313853}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

N'ihi nhọrọ dị ukwuu nke ozuzu maka ntolite ngwa ngwa na ọrụ ugbo na-eji na-akwado nke a, broilers na-enwe ike ịnweta ọtụtụ nchegbu ọdịmma, karịsịa ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ na arụghị ọrụ nke ọma, ọnya akpụkpọ na anya na ọnọdụ obi mgbagha. A ghaghị ịtụle njikwa ikuku, ụlọ, njupụta ngwaahịa na usoro ime ụlọ mgbe niile iji kwado ọdịmma nke ìgwè atụrụ ahụ. Osisi ozuzu (broiler-breeders) na-eto eto ma na-enwekwa nchegbu ọdịmma nke ha metụtara nkụda mmụọ nke mkpali nri dị elu na mbelata ọnụ. A na-akụ broilers dị ka ìgwè atụrụ ndị na-enwe mmekọahụ na nnukwu ụlọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ siri ike.

== Ịzụlite n'oge a ==
[[Usòrò:Baiada_Broiler_Farm,_SA_2011.webm|thumb|Vidio nke ọkụkọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịrị njikere igbu n'ugbo ọkụkọ nke oge a]]
Tupu e nwee ụdị anụ a na-ere ahịa n'oge a, broilers na-abụkarị ụmụ ọkụkọ ụmụ nwoke ndị a na-achụ n'ìgwè atụrụ. Ọmụmụ ọmụmụ malitere na 1916. Magazin maka ụlọ ọrụ anụ ọkụkọ dị n'oge a. A na-emepụta ọkụkọ dị iche iche nke a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ site n'aka nwoke nke ụdị Cornish nwere ara abụọ, na nwanyị nke ogologo, nnukwu ọkpụkpụ nke Plymouth Rocks. E webatara mbọ mbụ a n'obere anụ anụ na 1930 wee bụrụ nke a na-achị na 1960s. Ndị mbụ crossbreed nwere nsogbu nke ọmụmụ dị ala, uto na-adịghị ngwa na ọrịa ọrịa..

Ndị na-agbaze anụ nke oge a adịla nnọọ iche na Cornish / Rock crossbreeds. Dị ka ihe atụ, Donald Shaver (nke bụbu onye na-azụ ụdị na-emepụta àkwá) malitere ịnakọta anụ na-amụ nwa maka mmemme na 1950. E wezụga ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị, a gụnyere Cornish Game, Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire, Langshans, Jersey Black Giant, na Brahmas. A zụrụ akara nwanyị na-acha ọcha n'aka Cobb. A malitere usoro ịzụlite zuru oke na 1958, na mbupu azụmahịa na Canada na US na 1959 na Europe na 1963. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hendrix Shaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hendrix-genetics.com/en/about-us/history/institut-selection-animal-bv-isa/shaver/~/media/Files/ISA/History/History%20of%20Shaver%20Breeding%20Farms%20Ltd%20Canada.ashx|title=The History of Shaver Breeding Farms|publisher=Hendrix Genetics|year=2010|accessdate=31 December 2013|author=Smith|first=Kingsley|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025651/http://www.hendrix-genetics.com/en/about-us/history/institut-selection-animal-bv-isa/shaver/~/media/Files/ISA/History/History%20of%20Shaver%20Breeding%20Farms%20Ltd%20Canada.ashx|archivedate=24 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka ihe atụ nke abụọ, Shaver chepụtara ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na 1973. Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahụ dabeere na atụmatụ ịzụlite nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ maka akwa àkwá, nke e mepụtara n'etiti afọ 1960. Ihe isi ike na-eche ndị na-azụ anụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ihu bụ na ọkụkọ ga-acha ọcha site na afọ igbu egbu. Mgbe afọ iri na abụọ gasịrị, e nwetara mmekọahụ na-enweghị imebi àgwà akụ na ụba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hendrix Shaver&quot; /&gt;

=== Mkpụrụ ndụ e ji aka mee ===
Insemination artificial bụ usoro nke a na-etinye spermatozoa n'ime ụzọ ọmụmụ nke nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition|url=https://archive.org/details/pathwaystopregna0000seng_z3d5|author=Senger|first=Phillip|publisher=Current Conceptions Inc|year=2012|location=Redmond}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insemination artificial na-enye ọtụtụ uru metụtara ọmụmụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụkọ. A họrọla ụdị Broiler kpọmkwem maka uto, na-eme ka ha mepụta nnukwu uru ahụ, nke na-egbochi ma belata mmekọrịta okike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2000|title=Storage of Poultry Semen|journal=Animal Reproduction Science|volume=62|issue=1–3|pages=213–232|doi=10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00160-3|pmid=10924826|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260067}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke sperm e mepụtara ma tinye n'ime usoro ọmụmụ nke ọkụkọ nwere ike ịbụ nke a kpaara ókè n'ihi nke a. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere ike belata agụụ mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwoke n'ozuzu ya n'ihi nhọrọ uto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1993-05-01|title=The Relationship Between Body Weight and Reproductive Efficiency in Meat-Type Chickens|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_poultry-science_1993-05_72_5/page/912|journal=Poultry Science|language=en|volume=72|issue=5|pages=912–922|doi=10.3382/ps.0720912|issn=0032-5791}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insemination artificial emeela ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo tinye mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahọpụtara n'ime ngwaahịa ha, na-eme ka àgwà mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ubi ha dịkwuo mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Artificial insemination: the state of the art|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_theriogenology_2003-01-15_59_2/page/571|issue=2|pages=571–584|journal=Theriogenology|volume=59|doi=10.1016/S0093-691X(02)01241-4|date=2003-01-15|pmid=12499005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nchịkọta afọ bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka nchịkọta ọbara ọcha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; N'oge usoro a, a na-egbochi oke ọkụkọ ma na-emetụ mpaghara azụ dị n'akụkụ ọdụ na n'azụ nku. A na-eme nke a n'ụzọ dị nro mana ngwa ngwa. N'ime obere oge, nwoke kwesịrị inweta erection nke phallus. Ozugbo nke a mere, a na-agbanye cloaca ma na-anakọta ọbara ọcha site na papilla mpụga nke vas deferens.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2009|title=Implementing artificial insemination as an effective tool for ex situ conservation of endangered avian species|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_theriogenology_2009-01-01_71_1/page/200|journal=Theriogenology|volume=71|issue=1|pages=200–213|doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.019|pmid=19004491}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge insemination artificial, a na-etinye ọbara ọcha n'ime akụkụ ahụ nwanyị site na ntanye plastik. Iji tinye ọbara ọcha ebe a, a na-etinye oghere nke akụkụ ahụ nwanyị site na cloaca. A na-eme nke a site na itinye nrụgide n'afọ nke ọkụkọ. A na-etinye ngwá ọrụ nwere ọbara ọcha site na 2-4 cm n'ime oghere oghere. &amp;nbsp;Ka a na-etinye ọbara ọcha, a na-ewepụta nrụgide a na-emetụta n'afọ ọkụkọ n'otu oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Onye na-eme usoro a na-ejikarị otu aka na-agagharị ma na-eduzi ábụ́bà ọdụ, mgbe ọ na-eji aka nke ọzọ etinye ngwá ọrụ na ọbara ọcha n'ime akụkụ ahụ nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ozuzu ==
Modern commercial broilers, for example, Cornish crosses and Cornish-Rocks,{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} are artificially selected and bred for large-scale, efficient meat production. They are noted for having very fast growth rates, a high feed conversion ratio, and low levels of activity. Modern commercial broilers are bred to reach a slaughter-weight of about {{Convert|2|kg|abbr=on}} in only 5 to 7 weeks.&lt;ref name=&quot;USP&amp;EA FAQ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.uspoultry.org/faq/docs/industryFAQ.pdf|title=Poultry Industry Frequently Asked Questions Provided by the U.S. Poultry &amp; Egg Association|publisher=U.S. Poultry &amp; Egg Association|accessdate=June 21, 2012|archive-date=September 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907065501/http://www.uspoultry.org/faq/docs/industryFAQ.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|year=2005|title=The Welfare of Broiler Chickens in the European Union|author=Turner|first=J.|publisher=Compassion in World Farming Trust|url=http://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/3818904/welfare-of-broilers-in-the-eu.pdf|accessdate=November 16, 2014|archivedate=November 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030229/http://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/3818904/welfare-of-broilers-in-the-eu.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a consequence, the behaviour and physiology of broilers reared for meat are those of immature birds, rather than adults. Slow growing free-range and organic strains have been developed which reach slaughter-weight at 12 to 16 weeks of age.

Ụdị broilers nwere ábụ́bà ọcha na akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha odo odo. Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na nso nso a kpughere na e webatara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ndụ ihe nkesa maka akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha odo odo n'ime nnụnụ ụlọ site na ngwakọta ya na Nnụnụ ọhịa na-acha ntụ ntụ (''G. sonneratii&amp;nbsp;'').  Obe nke oge a dịkwa mma maka mmepụta anụ n'ihi na ha enweghị &quot;ntutu&quot; nke ọtụtụ ụdị nwere nke a ga-ewepụ site na ịṅụ abụ mgbe ha wepụsịrị ozu ahụ.

=== Omume ===
Omume ndị na-agba ọsọ na-agbanwe site na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-agbanwekwa ka afọ na ịdị arọ nke ndị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrụ nke ndị na-azụlite n'èzí na mbụ karịa ndị na-etolite n'ime ụlọ, mana site na izu isii, ọ na-ebelata na ọkwa yiri ya n'ìgwè niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weeks et al., (1994)&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=1994|title=Comparison of the behaviour of broiler chickens in indoor and free-range environments|journal=Animal Welfare|volume=3|issue=3|pages=179–192|doi=10.1017/S0962728600016833}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu nnyocha ahụ na-egosi na n'ìgwè ndị dị n'èzí, n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, a na-ejighị ohere na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka perches mee ihe - a tụrụ aro na isi ihe kpatara nke a bụ adịghị ike ụkwụ dịka pasent 80 nke nnụnụ nwere nsogbu a na-ahụ anya na izu asaa. Enweghị ihe akaebe nke mbelata mkpali iji gbasaa omume, dịka, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịpị ala nọgidere na ọkwa dị elu n'ime ìgwè ndị dị n'èzí n'ihi na omume a nwekwara ike ime site n'ọnọdụ ndina kama iguzo ọtọ.

Ịtụle ugboro ole omume mmekọahụ niile na-egosi mbelata dị ukwuu na afọ, na-egosi na agụụ mmekọahụ na-ebelata. Mbelata nke agụụ mmekọahụ ezughi iji kọwaa mbelata ọmụmụ n'ime oke ehi dị arọ na izu 58 ma eleghị anya ọ bụ nsonaazụ nke nnukwu ibu ma ọ bụ ọdịdị nke ụmụ nwoke n'afọ a na-emetụta n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na nnyefe nke ọbara ọcha n'oge mmekọahụ nke yiri ka ọ dị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan et al., (1990)&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=1990|title=Sexual behaviour and fertility in broiler breeder domestic fowl|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_applied-animal-behaviour-science_1990-05_26_3/page/201|journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science|volume=26|issue=3|pages=201–213|doi=10.1016/0168-1591(90)90137-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntụgharị nri na nri ===
Ụmụ ọkụkọ na-eri ihe niile ma na-enye ndị na-eri anụ n'oge a nri pụrụ iche nke protein dị elu, nke a na-enyekarị site na usoro nri na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. A na-ejikọta nke a na ọnọdụ ọkụ aka iji kpalie iri nri na uto ma si otú a na-achọ ịdị arọ nke ahụ.

Na US, nkezi Ntụgharị nri (FCR) nke ihe na-ere nri bụ 1.91 kilogram nke nri kwa kilogram nke ịdị arọ na 2011, ọganihu site na 4.70 na 1925.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCC US Broiler Performance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/u-s-broiler-performance/|title=U.S. Broiler Performance|publisher=National Chicken Council|accessdate=August 1, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Canada nwere FCR nke 1.72 . &lt;ref name=&quot;ON Canada Broiler Chicken FCR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://canadiansmallflockers.blogspot.ca/2013/08/its-alive.html|title=Ontario Canada FCR|publisher=Small Flock Poultry Farmers of Canada|accessdate=May 29, 2015|date=2013-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbo ọkụkọ na-ere ahịa na New Zealand edekọla ọkụkọ ọkụkọ kachasị mma n'ụwa FCR na 1.38 .&lt;ref name=&quot;NZ Broiler FCR Performance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wattagnet.com/154106.html|title=NZ FCR Broiler Performance|date=August 27, 2012|publisher=Watt AgGate|accessdate=May 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; microbiome nke broiler nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu na mgbakwunye na nri nnụnụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na FCR n'ozuzu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Host genetics and gut microbiota contribute to feed efficiency in chickens|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-967786/v1|accessdate=2023-11-16|doi=10.21203/rs.3.rs-967786/v1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsogbu ọdịmma ==
[[Usòrò:Broiler_chicks.jpg|thumb|Ụmụ ọkụkọ ndị nwere otu ụbọchị na-abịa ka a tọhapụ ha ma tinye ha n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe]]
Nhọrọ aka emeela ka mmụba dị ukwuu na ọsọ nke ndị na-ere ọkụ na-etolite ma na-eru oke igbu egbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bessei&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Welfare of broilers: A review|url=https://archive.org/details/worlds-poultry-science-journal_2006-09_62_3/page/455|journal=World's Poultry Science Journal|volume=62|issue=3|year=2006|pages=455–466|doi=10.1017/s0043933906001085}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhọrọ na ịzụlite maka uto ngwa ngwa pụtara na enwere ọdịiche na-akpata mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'etiti akụkụ ahụ na-enye ike nke broiler na akụkụ ya na-eri ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF&quot; /&gt; Uto ngwa ngwa nwere ike ibute nsogbu metabolic dịka ọrịa ọnwụ mberede na ascites.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bessei&quot; /&gt; Ịzụlite maka mmụba nke uru ara na-emetụta ụzọ ọkụkọ si aga ije ma na-etinye nrụgide ndị ọzọ n'úkwù na ụkwụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF&quot; /&gt; Enwere ọtụtụ nsogbu ọkpụkpụ n'ime ndị na-agba ọsọ, ọkachasị na usoro locomotory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bessei&quot; /&gt; Nsogbu ụkwụ ndị a na-emebi ikike locomotor nke nnụnụ, nnụnụ ndị nwere nkwarụ na-etinye oge ka ukwuu n'ịrahụ ụra ma na-ehi ụra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Vestergaard, K.S.|year=1999|title=Relationships between leg disorders and changes in behaviour of broiler chickens|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_veterinary-record_1999-02-20_144_8/page/n22|journal=Veterinary Record|volume=144|issue=8|pages=205–209|doi=10.1136/vr.144.8.205|pmid=10097343}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ejikọta mmụba nke enweghị ọrụ na mmụba na dermatitis nke oge ka ukwuu na-emetụ ammonia n'ime ụmụ ọkụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bessei&quot; /&gt; A na-edekarị ndị na-ere nri n'ebe dị elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF&quot; /&gt; Nke a nwere ike belata nri na uto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bessei&quot; /&gt; Ọnọdụ nchịkwa (àgwà, okpomọkụ na iru mmiri) dị mkpa karịa njupụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2004|title=Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2004-01-22_427_6972/page/342|journal=Nature|volume=427|issue=6972|pages=342–344|doi=10.1038/nature02226|pmid=14737165}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị na-egbu egbu na-anwụ n'oge usoro nke ijide, nkwakọba na ibugharị.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF&quot;/&gt;

== Mmepụta ụwa na ojiji ==
 
[[Usòrò:Meat_Atlas_2014_Estimated_chicken_consumption.png|thumb|Nchịkọta oriri ọkụkọ maka onye ọ bụla na 2012]]
Mmepụta azụmahịa nke ọkụkọ na-eri anụ bụ usoro mmepụta ihe dị elu. E nwere ngalaba abụọ dị mkpa: (1) ịzụlite nnụnụ maka oriri na (2) ịzụlite nne na nna maka ịzụlite nn nnụnụ anụ. Akụkọ e mere n'afọ 2005 kwuru na a na-emepụta ihe dị ka ijeri ọkụkọ 5.9 maka iri kwa afọ na European Union. &amp;nbsp;Mmepụta anụ ọkụkọ n'ìgwè bụ ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ma n'oge ahụ, ọ bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ na-azụ anụ na-enye ihe dị ka 90% nke ndị na-azụ ehi n'ụwa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ ọkụkọ a na-emepụta n'ụwa fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ijeri 47 na 2004; n'ime ndị a, a na-arụpụta ihe dịka 19% na US, 15% na China, 13% na EU25 na 11% na Brazil.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF&quot;/&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Iri nri nke brilers karịrị nke anụ ehi na mba ndị mepere emepe, na ọchịchọ na-arị elu na Eshia.[mkpa mmelite] &lt;ref&gt;''[[Meat Atlas]] 2014 – Facts and figures about the animals we eat'', p. 41, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729165403/https://www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/publications/foee_hbf_meatatlas_jan2014.pdf pdf]&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụwa niile, e mepụtara nde tọn 86.6 nke anụ ọkụkọ na 2014,  na site na 2018 , atụmatụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ ọkụkọ ọkụkọ ọkụ eletrik bụ ihe dịka ijeri 23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The broiler chicken as a signal of human reconfigured biosphere|journal=Royal Society Open Science|volume=5|issue=12|pages=180325|date=December 2018|doi=10.1098/rsos.180325|pmid=30662712}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe ==
{{excerpt|Effects of climate change on livestock#Poultry|files=no}}

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Obi ọjọọ a na-emeso ụmụ anụmanụ
* Sayensị ọdịmma anụmanụ
* Nne ọkụkọ
* Ụtụ isi ọkụkọ
* Ọrụ inye anụmanụ nri
* Nri mbụ
* Ịzụ anụmanụ
* [[Ịkpa ọkụkọ]]
* ''Nnụnụ nke echi''
* Ayam Kampong

== Ebem si dee ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
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    <title>Yusuf Dikeç</title>
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'''Yusuf Dikeç''' (amuru 1 Jenuarị 1973) bu onye agba egwu egwuregwu Turkey na-asọ mpi na emume egbe . Ọ bụ onye ọrụ ezumike nka na-enweghị ọrụ nke Turkish Gendarmerie na onye otu Jandarma Gücü Sports Club.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gsb.gov.tr/londra2012/site/sporcular.asp?nameid=304|publisher=GSB|title=Türk Sporcular 2012 Londra Olimpiyatlarında-Atıcılık-Yusuf Dikeç|language=tr|accessdate=8 July 2012|archivedate=12 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712221441/http://www.gsb.gov.tr/londra2012/site/sporcular.asp?nameid=304}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ea&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.emekliassubaylar.org/gurur-duyduklarimiz/bizde-variz/item/70-yusuf-dikec|publisher=Emekli Assubaylar|title=Yusuf Dikeç|language=tr|accessdate=9 July 2012|archivedate=11 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511151451/http://emekliassubaylar.org/gurur-duyduklarimiz/bizde-variz/item/70-yusuf-dikec}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ meriri ihe nrite ọla ọcha na ihe omume otu egwuregwu ikuku ikuku 10 na asọmpi Summer 2024 n'akụkụ onye otu Şevval İlayda Tarhan . N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ghọrọ ihe mmetụta viral n'otu ntabi anya na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze maka uwe ejiji dị ala na-adịghị mma n'oge asọmpi agbapụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Treisman&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=1 August 2024|author=Rachel Treisman|publisher=[[NPR]]|title=A conspicuously dressed-down shooter won Olympic silver. Then he went viral|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/08/01/nx-s1-5060078/turkey-shooter-olympics-glasses-gear-silver|accessdate=4 Aug 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Yusuf Dikeç na 1973 na Taşoluk obodo nke Göksun district na Kahramanmaraş Province . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị n'obodo ya, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Göksun . Na 1994, ọ debanyere aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị agha nke Gendarmerie na Ankara . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ ghọrọ corporal wee banye ọrụ na Mardin . N'afọ 1999, Dikeç banyekwara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị agha nke Gendarmerie. Mgbe otu afọ gachara, ọ gụchara n’ọkwa Sajentị . Ọ jere ozi otu afọ na Istanbul, wee họpụta ya na Jandarma Gücü na Ankara, ụlọ egwuregwu nke Turkish Gendarmerie.&lt;ref name=&quot;ea&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;g&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goksunluyuz.com/goksunsehirportali/yusuf-dikec.html|publisher=Göksun Şehir Portalı|title=Yusuf Dikeç|date=26 February 2012|language=tr|accessdate=9 July 2012|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040051/http://www.goksunluyuz.com/goksunsehirportali/yusuf-dikec.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2001, ọ malitere ịgba égbè. Kemgbe ahụ, Dikeç na-asọ mpi n'òtù mba ndị agha yana otu mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;ea&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;g&quot;/&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na agụmakwụkwọ anụ ahụ na egwuregwu na Mahadum Gazi dị na Ankara.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsb&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ egwuregwu ==
Dikeç ghọrọ onye mmeri Turkey ọtụtụ oge ma bụrụ onye na-edekọ mba na mpaghara dị iche iche nke mmemme egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;ea&quot;/&gt;

Na 2006, o debere ndekọ ụwa ọhụrụ na 25&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwNg&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;m ihe omume egbe ọkụ etiti na CISM Military World Championship nke emere na Rena, Norway, na-enweta isi 597.&lt;ref name=&quot;cismnor&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cism-milsport.org/eng/003_SPORTS/018_shooting/records.asp|publisher=CISM|title=CISM World Records Men|accessdate=5 March 2016|archivedate=5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152312/http://www.cism-milsport.org/eng/003_SPORTS/018_shooting/records.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dikeç nwetara ihe nrite ọla na mmemme egbe ikuku nke mita iri na [[2012 ISSF World Cup Final]] mere na [[Bangkok]], Thailand .&lt;ref name=&quot;issf2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.issf-sports.org/news.ashx?newsid=1765|publisher=ISSF|title=2012 ISSF World Cup Final closed in Bangkok: China tops the medal count|accessdate=30 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O buru ụzọ sonye na Olympics na Beijing na-anọchite anya Turkey na 2008, mgbe ọ dị afọ 35, wee zọọ asọmpi ọzọ na 2012, 2016, 2020, na 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Schwager-Patel, Nischel, &quot;[https://olympics.com/en/news/yusuf-dikec-turkish-shooting-viral-paris-2024-olympics Meet Yusef Dikec]&quot;, ''Olympics.com'', 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; O ruru eru isonye na iri&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwRQ&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;m ihe omume ụmụ nwoke egbe egbe na 2012 Summer Olympics .&lt;ref name=&quot;gsb&quot;/&gt; O sokwa na iri ise&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwSg&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;m égbè omume na-enweghị ịga n'ihu na agba ikpeazụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/shooting/event/men-50m-pistol/phase=shm201100/doc=summary.html|publisher=London 2012|title=Shooting,50m pistol (60 shots) men – Qualifying Round|accessdate=30 August 2013|archivedate=11 April 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130411065330/http://www.london2012.com/shooting/event/men-50m-pistol/phase=shm201100/doc=summary.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2013 European Shooting Championship emere na Osijek, [[Kroatia|Croatia]], site na 21 Julaị ruo 4 Ọgọst, ọ ghọrọ onye nrite ọla edo okpukpu abụọ na 25.&amp;nbsp;m egbe ọkọlọtọ na 25&amp;nbsp;m égbè etiti-ọkụ. O nwetakwara ihe nrite ọlaọcha na iri abụọ na ise&amp;nbsp;m ọkọlọtọ otu mmemme ya na ndị otu ya [[Fatih Kavruk]] na [[Murat Kılınç]] na ihe nrite ọla edo ọzọ na 25&amp;nbsp;m otu asọmpi egbe-ọkụ etiti.  N'afọ 50&amp;nbsp;m ihe omume egbe, o meriri ihe nrite ọlaọcha ọzọ ya na ndị otu ya [[Ömer Alimoğlu]] na İsmail Keleş . 

Na 2021 European Shooting Championship na Osijek, Croatia, o meriri ihe nrite ọla ya na ndị otu ya Serdar Demirel na İsmail Keleş na mmemme 10m Air Pistol Team. 

Dikeç na onye otu ya Şevval İlayda Tarhan meriri nrite ọla ọcha na 10&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwZg&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;m egbe ikuku agwakọta ihe omume na 2024 Summer Olympics na Paris, na-efunahụ ndị Serbian otu Zorana Arunović na Damir Mikec na ikpeazụ.  Ọ si otú a bụrụ onye Turkey kasị ochie nweta ihe nrite n'egwuregwu Olympic, mgbe ọ dị afọ 51 na ụbọchị 212.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://olympics.com/en/news/yusuf-dikec-turkish-shooting-viral-paris-2024-olympics&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmezu ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Representing {{TUR}}
|-
| 2003
| [[2003 European Military Shooting Champianships|European Military Championships]]
| [[Plzeň]], [[Czech Republic]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
|
| 
|-
| 2004
| [[2004 European Military Shooting Champianships|European Military Championships]]
| [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
|
| 
|-
| rowspan=2 |2005
| [[Turkey at the 2005 Mediterranean Games|XV Mediterranean Games]]
| [[Almeria]], [[Spain]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 10 m air pistol
| 585
|-
| [[2005 Balkan Shooting Championships|Balkan Championships]]
| [[Romania]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
|
| 
|-
| |2006
| [[International Military Sports Council|CISM World Championships]]
| [[Rena, Norway]]
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 25 m center-fire pistol
| 597 '''WR'''
|-
| rowspan=2 |2007
| [[2007 Military World Games|Military World Games]]
| [[Hyderabad, India]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 25 m rapid-fire pistol
|
|-
| [[Military Olympics]]
| [[Brazil]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
|
|
|-
| |2010
| [[International Military Sports Council|CISM World Championships]]
| [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#cc9966&quot;&lt;!--bronze--&gt; |3rd
| 25 m center-fire pistol
|
|-
| rowspan=2 |2011
| [[2011 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
| [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 10 m air pistol
| 687.3
|-
| [[2011 ISSF World Cup Final|ISSF World Cup Final]]
| [[Wroclaw]], [[Poland]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#cc9966&quot;&lt;!--bronze--&gt; |3rd
| 10 m air pistol
| 682.9
|-
| rowspan=4 |2012
| [[2012 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
| [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#cc9966&quot;&lt;!--bronze--&gt; |3rd
| 10 m air pistol
| 686.5
|-
| [[2012 ISSF World Cup Final|ISSF World Cup Final]]
| [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#cc9966&quot;&lt;!--bronze--&gt; |3rd
| 10 m air pistol
| 684.5
|-
| [[2012 European 10 m Events Championships|European Championships]]
| [[Vierumäki]], [[Finland]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 10 m pistol
| 
|-
| [[2012 European 10 m Events Championships|European Championships]]
| [[Vierumäki]], [[Finland]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 10 m pistol team
| 
|-
| rowspan=7 |2013
| rowspan=2 |[[Turkey at the 2013 Mediterranean Games|XVII Mediterranean Games]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Mersin]], [[Turkey]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 10 m air pistol
| 577
|-
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 50 m pistol
| 555
|-
| rowspan=5 |[[2013 European Shooting Championships|European Championships]]
| rowspan=5 |[[Osijek]], [[Croatia]]
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 25 m center-fire pistol
| 590
|-
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 25 m center-fire pistol team
| 1,741
|-
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 25 m standard pistol
|
|-
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 25 m standard pistol team
|
|-
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 50 m pistol team
| 1,665
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2014
| rowspan=4 | [[2014 ISSF World Shooting Championships|ISSF World Championships]]
| rowspan=4 | [[Granada]], [[Spain]]
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 25 m center-fire pistol
| 588
|-
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 25 m standard pistol
| 581
|-
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| 10 m air pistol
| 582
|-
| bgcolor=#c96 |3rd
| 25 m standard pistol team
| 
|-
| 2016
| [[2016 European 10 m Events Championships|European Championships]]
| [[Győr]], [[Hungary]]
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 10 m pistol
|
|- 
| 2018
| [[2018 European 10 m Events Championships|European Championships]]
| [[Győr]], [[Hungary]]
| bgcolor=gold |1st
| 10 m pistol
| 241.6
|-
| 2021
| [[2021 European Shooting Championships|European Championships]]
| [[Osijek]], [[Croatia]]
| bgcolor=#c96 |3rd
| 10 m pistol team
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022
| rowspan=2 | [[2022 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
| [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]
| bgcolor=silver | 2nd
| 10 m air pistol team
| 869
|-
| [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]]
| bgcolor=#c96 | 3rd
| 10 m air pistol Mixed team
| 578
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2023
| [[2023 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
| [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| bgcolor=gold | 1st
| 10 m air pistol team
| 867
|-
| [[2023 European Games|European Games]]
| [[Kraków]]-[[Małopolska]], [[Poland]]
| bgcolor=silver | 2nd
| 10 m air pistol team
| 
|-
| [[2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships|ISSF World Championships]]
| [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]]
| bgcolor=silver | 2nd
| 10 m air pistol Mixed team
| 581
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024
| [[2024 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
| [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
| bgcolor=gold | 1st
| 10 m air pistol Mixed team
| 580
|-
| [[2024 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympic Games]]
| [[Paris]], [[France]]
| bgcolor=silver |2nd
| [[Shooting at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Mixed 10 metre air pistol team|10 m air pistol Mixed team]]
|
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Kim Ye-ji, onye na-agba egbe egbe South Korea

== Ntụaka ==
.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Yusuf Dikec at the International Shooting Sport Federation 
* Yusuf Dikec at Olympics.com
* [https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/yusuf-dikec_1564893 Yusuf Dikec] at Olympics.com Paris 2024
* Yusuf Dikeç at Olympedia 
* Yusuf Dikeç at the Turkish Olympic Committee's Olimpedya
* Yusuf Dikeç at the Türkiye Milli Olimpiyat Komitesi (in Turkish)
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>tf0n9bl4zalzx7m1unbnifpspmpm8mp</sha1>
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    <title>Ihe na-egosi ihe ndị dị ndụ</title>
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      <text bytes="37747" sha1="deav2dfwub5ebvzhx3af9ju3po6nz22" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Trichoptera_caddisfly_1.jpg|thumb|Caddisfly (usoro Trichoptera), a macroinvertebrate eji dị ka ihe na-egosi [[Ịdị mma mmiri|ogo mmiri]].]]
Ihe bioindicator bụ ụdị ọ bụla (ụdị egosi) ma ọ bụ otu ụdị nke ọrụ ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ ha, ma ọ bụ ọkwa ha nwere ike ikpughe ọkwa nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụdị ihe na-egosikarị bụ anụmanụ.[2] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, copepods na obere mmiri crustaceans ndị ọzọ dị n'ọtụtụ mmiri nwere ike nyochaa maka mgbanwe (biochemical, physiological, ma ọ bụ omume) nke nwere ike igosi nsogbu dị n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Ihe ngosi bioindicators nwere ike ịgwa anyị gbasara mkpokọta mmetọ dị iche iche na gburugburu ebe obibi yana ogologo oge nsogbu nwere ike ịdị, nke nnwale anụ ahụ na kemịkal enweghị ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karr&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Karr|first=James R.|year=1981|title=Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities|url=https://archive.org/details/fisheries_november-december-1981_6_6/page/21|journal=Fisheries|volume=6|issue=6|pages=21–27|doi=10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006&lt;0021:AOBIUF&gt;2.0.CO;2|issn=1548-8446}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe nleba anya ma ọ bụ biomonitor bụ ihe dị n'ahụ na-enye ozi ọnụọgụ maka ogo gburugburu ebe obibi gbara ya gburugburu.[4] Ya mere, ezigbo biomonitor ga-egosi ọnụnọ nke mmetọ ahụ ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe n'ịgbalị ịnye ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ego na ike nke ikpughe.

Ngosipụta ihe ndị dị ndụ bụkwa aha e nyere usoro maka inyocha amụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi site n'iji ụdị microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ (dịka Bacillus ma ọ bụ Geobacillus).[5] Enwere ike ịkọwa ihe ngosi ihe ndụ dị ka iwebata microorganisms na-eguzogide nke ukwuu na gburugburu ebe enyere tupu ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi nwa, a na-eme ule iji tụọ ịdị irè nke usoro ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa. Dị ka ihe na-egosi ihe ndị dị ndụ na-eji microorganisms ndị na-eguzogide nke ukwuu, usoro ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ọ bụla nke na-eme ka ha ghara ịrụ ọrụ ga-egbuwokwa nje ndị na-ahụkarị, ndị na-esighị ike..

== Nchịkọta ==
A bioindicator bụ ihe dị ndụ ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume nke ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe site na mpụta nke mgbaàmà ma ọ bụ nzaghachi a na-atụle ma, ya mere, ọ dị mma.Enwere ike iji ihe ndị a (ma ọ bụ obodo nke ihe ndị dị ndụ) nye ozi gbasara mgbanwe na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ọnụọgụ nke mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi site na ịgbanwe n'otu n'ime ụzọ ndị a: n'ụzọ ahụike, n'ụzọ kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ n'omume. Enwere ike ịchọpụta ozi ahụ site na ọmụmụ nke:

# ọdịnaya ha nke ihe ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ngwakọtaihe ndị mejupụtara
# ọdịdị ha ma ọ bụ Ọdịdị mkpụrụ ndụ
# Usoro kemịkalụ metabolic
# omume
# Ọdịdị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.

Mkpa na mkpa nke biomonitors, kama ngwá ọrụ mmadụ mere, bụ ihe ziri ezi site n'ịhụ na ihe ngosi kachasị mma nke ọnọdụ nke ụdị ma ọ bụ usoro bụ n'onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tingey|first=David T.|year=1989|title=Bio indicators in Air Pollution Research – Applications and Constraints|pages=73–80|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1414&amp;page=73|publisher=National Academies Press|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-309-07833-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bioindicators nwere ike ikpughe mmetụta na-apụtaghị ìhè nke mmetọ mgbe ọtụtụ nyocha anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke kemịkal enweghị ike. Site na bioindicators, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwesịrị ileba anya naanị otu ụdị na-egosi na ọ ga-enyocha gburugburu ebe obibi kama ileba anya na obodo dum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1538-bioindicators|title=Bioindicators|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=2015-02-10|work=Science Learning Hub|publisher=The University of Waikato, New Zealand}}&lt;/ref&gt; A pụkwara iji obere ụdị ihe ngosi mee ihe iji buo amụma banyere ọgaranya nke ụdị maka ọtụtụ ìgwè taxonomic. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fleishman|first=Erica|date=August 2005|title=Using Indicator Species to Predict Species Richness of Multiple Taxonomic Groups|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00168.x|journal=Conservation Biology|language=en|volume=19|issue=4|pages=1125–1137|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00168.x|issn=0888-8892}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-akọwa ojiji nke biomonitor dị ka Nlekọta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ ma bụrụ ojiji nke njirimara nke ihe dị ndụ iji nweta ozi gbasara akụkụ ụfọdụ nke biosphere. Biomonitoring nke ikuku mmetọ nwere ike ịbụ passive ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị ọkachamara na-eji usoro na-adịghị arụ ọrụ iji hụ osisi na-eto n'ụzọ okike n'ime ebe mmasị. A na-eji usoro ndị na-arụ ọrụ achọpụta ọnụnọ nke mmetọ ikuku site na itinye osisi nnwale nke nzaghachi a maara na genotype n'ime mpaghara ọmụmụ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A na-akọwa ojiji nke biomonitor dị ka Nlekọta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. Nke a na-ezo aka n'ịtụle ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ nke ihe dị ndụ iji nweta ozi gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na kemịkal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-03/documents/nrsa_0809_march_2_final.pdf|title=National Rivers and Streams Assessment 2008-2009: A Collaborative Study|author=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water and Office of Research and Development.|date=March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ewere ihe ngosi nke bioaccumulative ugboro ugboro dị ka biomonitors. Dabere na ihe a họọrọ na ojiji ha, enwere ọtụtụ ụdị bioindicators.  &lt;ref name=&quot;bioportal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.biobasics.gc.ca/english/View.asp?x=740|author=Government of Canada|title=Biobasics: bio-indicatorrs|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003162258/http://www.biobasics.gc.ca/english/View.asp?x=740|archivedate=October 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;chessman&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=SIGNAL 2 – A Scoring System for Macro-invertebrate ('Water Bugs') in Australian Rivers|author=Chessman|first=Bruce|year=2003|series=Monitoring River Heath Initiative Technical Report no. 31|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Environment and Heritage|location=Canberra|isbn=978-0642548979|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/water/publications/environmental/rivers/nrhp/pubs/signal.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọtụtụ oge, a na-anakọta data ndabere maka ọnọdụ biotic n'ime saịtị ntụaka ekpebiela. A ga-eji ntakịrị ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara inwe ọgba aghara n'èzí mara saịtị ntụnyere aka (dịka ọmụmaatụ ọgba aghara anthropogenic, mgbanwe ojiji ala, ụdị mmegide). A na-atụle ọnọdụ biotic nke otu ụdị ihe ngosi n'ime ma saịtị ntụaka yana mpaghara ọmụmụ ka oge na-aga. A na-atụnyere data anakọtara site na mpaghara ọmụmụ megide data yiri nke ahụ anakọtara site na saịtị ntụaka iji chọpụta ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mpaghara ọmụmụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lewin|first=Iga|date=2013-06-01|title=Biological indices applied to benthic macroinvertebrates at reference conditions of mountain streams in two ecoregions (Poland, the Slovak Republic)|journal=Hydrobiologia|language=en|volume=709|issue=1|pages=183–200|doi=10.1007/s10750-013-1448-2|issn=1573-5117}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mbelata dị mkpa nke bioindicators n'ozuzu bụ na a kọwapụtara ha dị ka ezighi ezi mgbe etinyere ya na mpaghara mpaghara na gburugburu ebe obibi.[13]. N'ihi ya, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-eji bioindicators kwesịrị ijide n'aka na usoro nke ọ bụla dị mkpa n'ime ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-eme atụmatụ ileba anya..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mazor|first=Raphael D.|date=2016-03-01|title=Bioassessment in complex environments: designing an index for consistent meaning in different settings|journal=Freshwater Science|volume=35|issue=1|pages=249–271|doi=10.1086/684130|issn=2161-9549}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe na-egosi osisi na fungal ==
[[Usòrò:Lobaria_pulmonaria_010108c.jpg|thumb|Lichen Lobaria pulmonaria na-emetụta mmetọ ikuku.]]
Ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị osisi ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ndụ ahịhịa ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike inye ihe ngosi dị mkpa banyere ahụike nke gburugburu ebe obibi: Nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị osisi biomonitors, gụnyere mosses, lichens, osisi osisi, akpa osisi, Mgbaaka osisi, na akwụkwọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, enwere ike ịmịkọrọ mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi ma tinye ya n'ime mkpo osisi, nke enwere ike nyochaa ya na mmetọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Caldana|first=Cristiane R. G.|date=2023-01-01|title=Evaluation of urban tree barks as bioindicators of environmental pollution using the X-ray fluorescence technique|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565352203750X|journal=Chemosphere|volume=312|issue=Pt 2|pages=137257|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137257|pmid=36423726|issn=0045-6535}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ nke ụfọdụ osisi vascular na-enwe mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ na ọnụnọ nke ozone, ọkachasị mmebi anụ ahụ, na-eme ka ha baa uru n'ịchọpụta mmetọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bioindicators - Air (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/air/bioindicators.htm|accessdate=2024-03-31|work=www.nps.gov|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Manning|first=William J.|date=1998|title=The use of plants as bioindicators of ozone|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/26947|journal=In: Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Arbaugh, Michael J.; Schilling, Susan L., Tech. Coords. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-166. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 19-26|language=en|volume=166}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ahụkarị osisi ndị a n'àgwàetiti Atlantic na Northern Hemisphere, Mediterranean Basin, equatorial Africa, Ethiopia, ụsọ oké osimiri India, mpaghara Himalayan, ndịda Eshia, na Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Agathokleous|first=Evgenios|date=2020-08-14|title=Ozone affects plant, insect, and soil microbial communities: A threat to terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity|journal=Science Advances|language=en|volume=6|issue=33|pages=eabc1176|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abc1176|issn=2375-2548|pmid=32851188}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpaghara ndị a nwere nnukwu akụ na ụba na-emetụta mmetọ ozone, na-ekwusi ike na mkpa ụfọdụ ụdị osisi vascular dị ka ihe ngosi bara uru nke ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị na-echekwa ihe na-eji ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-egosi ihe ọkụkụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ, na-enye ha ohere ịchọpụta mgbanwe na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. 

Dị ka ihe atụ, a chọpụtala Lobaria pulmonaria dị ka ụdị ihe na-egosi maka ịtụle afọ na ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche na ọhịa Cedar-Hemlock nke ọwụwa anyanwụ-etiti British Columbia, na-eme ka mkpa ọ dị na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ihe na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Campbell|first=Jocelyn|date=2004-07-01|title=Lobaria pulmonaria abundance as an indicator of macrolichen diversity in Interior CedarHemlock forests of east-central British Columbia|url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/b04-074|journal=Canadian Journal of Botany|language=en|volume=82|issue=7|pages=970–982|doi=10.1139/b04-074|issn=0008-4026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Lobaria pulmonaria nwere njikọ siri ike na mmụba a na ụdị dị iche iche, na-atụ aro ikike ya dị ka ihe na-egosi afọ nke iguzo na ICH.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Campbell|first=Jocelyn|date=2004-07-01|title=Lobaria pulmonaria abundance as an indicator of macrolichen diversity in Interior CedarHemlock forests of east-central British Columbia|url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/b04-074|journal=Canadian Journal of Botany|language=en|volume=82|issue=7|pages=970–982|doi=10.1139/b04-074|issn=0008-4026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụdị Lichen ọzọ, ''Xanthoria parietina'', na-eje ozi dị ka ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke ịdị mma nke ikuku, na-achịkọta mmetọ dị ka ọla dị arọ na ihe ndị dị ndụ. Nnyocha egosila na ihe nlele ''X. parietina'' anakọtara site na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-egosipụta oke mmetọ ndị a ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị sitere na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Vitali|first=Matteo|date=2019-11-01|title=Air quality assessment in different environmental scenarios by the determination of typical heavy metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in native lichen Xanthoria parietina|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113013|journal=Environmental Pollution|volume=254|issue=Pt A|pages=113013|doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113013|pmid=31415978|issn=0269-7491}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a na-eme ka ọrụ bara uru nke lichen na-enyocha ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi na ịchọpụta ebe ndị nwere oke mmetọ, na-enyere aka na mgbalị ndị a na-achọ iji belata na usoro nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi. 

Fungi na-aba uru dị ka bioindicators, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ahụ ha n'ụwa niile ma na-enwe mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na gburugburu ebe dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Warnasuriya|first=Sashika D.|date=September 2023|title=Fungi as environmental bioindicators|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164583|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=892|pages=164583|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164583|pmid=37277042|issn=0048-9697}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lichens bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ma fungi na algae. A na-ahụ ha na nkume na ogwe osisi, ha na-emeghachi omume na mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi n'oké ọhịa, gụnyere mgbanwe na ọdịdị oké ọhịa - nchekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ, ikuku, na ihu igwe. Mfu nke lichens n'ime ọhịa nwere ike igosi nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka ọkwa dị elu nke sulfur dioxide, sulfur-based pollutants, na nitrogen oxides.Ihe mejupụtara na ngụkọta nke ụdị algal na usoro mmiri na-eje ozi dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka mmetọ mmiri na ntinye nri dịka nitrogen na phosphorus.E nwere ihe ndị a gbanwere site na Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke nwere ike imeghachi omume na ọkwa nsị na gburugburu ebe obibi; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụdị ahịhịa a gbanwere na mkpụrụ ndụ nke na-eto n'ụdị dị iche ma ọ bụrụ na enwere nsị n'ime ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1565508,00.html#ixzz0geEjnTG1|title=Saving Lives And Limbs With a Weed|author=Halper|first=Mark|date=2006-12-03|work=Time|accessdate=2016-06-22|archive-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807091036/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1565508,00.html#ixzz0geEjnTG1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi anụmanụ na nsí ==
[[Usòrò:Corvus-brachyrhynchos-001.jpg|thumb|Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ugoloọma America (''Corvus brachyrhynchos'') nwere ike ibute nje West Nile, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ụdị ihe na-egosi ọrịa ahụ n'otu mpaghara.]]
Mgbanwe na ọnụ ọgụgụ anụmanụ, ma ọ na-abawanye ma ọ bụ na-ebelata, nwere ike igosi mmetọ.[24] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na mmetọ na-akpata mmebi nke ihe ọkụkụ, ụdị anụmanụ ndị na-adabere na osisi ahụ ga-enwe mbelata nke mmadụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, oke mmadụ nwere ike ịbụ uto nke ụdị dị iche iche n'ihi mfu nke ụdị ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'aka nke ọzọ, mmetụta ndị na-akpata nchekasị nwere ike ịpụta na physiology anụmanụ, morphology, na omume nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ogologo oge tupu e kwupụta nzaghachi ma hụ na ọkwa ndị mmadụ.[25]. Nzaghachi ndị dị otú ahụ na-egbu egbu nwere ike ịba uru dị ka &quot;mgbama ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ&quot; iji buo amụma ka ndị mmadụ ga-esi meghachi omume ọzọ.

Enwere ike nyochaa mmetọ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata nrụgide site n'ịtụle nke ọ bụla n'ime ọtụtụ mgbanwe n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ: ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nsị n'ime anụmanụ; ọnụego nke nkwarụ na-ebilite n'ime ndị anụmanụ; omume n'ọhịa ma ọ bụ na ụlọ nyocha;  na site n'inyocha mgbanwe na physiology nke ọ bụla. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=França|first=Filipe|date=2016-12-01|title=Does selective logging stress tropical forest invertebrates? Using fat stores to examine sublethal responses in dung beetles|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=6|issue=23|pages=8526–8533|doi=10.1002/ece3.2488|pmid=28031804}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akịrịka na awọ ===
Amphibians, ọkachasị anurans (frogs na toads), na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe na-egosi mkpokọta mmetọ na ọmụmụ mmetọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon, E. 2010&quot;&gt;Simon, E., Braun, M. &amp; Tóthmérész, B. Water Air Soil Pollut (2010) 209: 467. doi:10.1007/s11270-009-0214-6&lt;/ref&gt; Anurans na-amịkọrọ kemịkal na-egbu egbu site na akpụkpọ ahụ ha na oghere oghere ha ma na-emetụta mgbanwe na gburugburu ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lambert|first=M. R. K.|date=1997-01-01|title=Environmental Effects of Heavy Spillage from a Destroyed Pesticide Store near Hargeisa (Somaliland) Assessed During the Dry Season, Using Reptiles and Amphibians as Bioindicators|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_archives-of-environmental-contamination-and-toxicology_1997-01_32_1/page/80|journal=Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology|volume=32|issue=1|pages=80–93|doi=10.1007/s002449900158|pmid=9002438}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha nwere ikike na-adịghị mma iji wepụ ọgwụ ahụhụ ndị a na-amị, na-ekuru, ma ọ bụ na-eri site na iri nri na-adịghị ọcha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nke a na-enye ohere ka ihe fọdụrụnụ, ọkachasị nke ọgwụ ahụhụ organochlorine, gbakọta na usoro ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ha nwekwara akpụkpọ ahụ na-abanye n'ime mmiri nke nwere ike ịmịkọrọ kemịkal na-egbu egbu n'ụzọ dị mfe, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe nlereanya maka ịtụle mmetụta nke ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke nwere ike ịkpata mbelata nke ọnụ ọgụgụ anụmanụ na-ebi n'ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ihe ndị a na-enye ohere iji ha mee ihe dị ka ihe ndị na-egosi ihe ndị dị ndụ iji soro mgbanwe na ebe obibi ha na nyocha ecotoxicological n'ihi na ụmụ mmadụ na-arịwanye elu na gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Center for Global Environmental Education. What are the frogs trying to tell us? OR Malformed Amphibians. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20220305232717/https://cgee.hamline.edu/frogs/archives/corner3.html&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ọmụma na njikwa nke ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ịkwado ahụike nke gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-ejikarị anurans eme ihe dị ka ihe na-egosi ihe ndị dị ndụ na nyocha mmetọ, dị ka ịmụ mmetụta nke ọgwụ ahụhụ ugbo na gburugburu ebe obibi.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; A na-eme nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi iji mụọ gburugburu ebe obibi ha bi site n'inyocha ụbara ha n'ógbè ahụ yana ịtụle ikike locomotive ha na mgbanwe ọ bụla na-adịghị mma, nke bụ nkwarụ na ihe na-adịghị njọ na mmepe.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Mbelata nke anurans na malformations nwekwara ike ịnye echiche ka ìhè ultra-violet na parasites na-abawanye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ntinye aka nke agrochemicals dị ka glyphosate egosila na ọ nwere mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ frog n'oge ndụ ha niile n'ihi na agrochemists ndị a na-abanye na usoro mmiri ndị a na nso ha na mmepe mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;(Herek et al., 2020)&lt;/ref&gt;

Anurans na-amụ nwa n'olulu mmiri na-emetụta mmetọ karịsịa n'ihi usoro ndụ ha dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nwere ike ịgụnye ndụ ala na nke mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon, E. 2010&quot;&gt;Simon, E., Braun, M. &amp; Tóthmérész, B. Water Air Soil Pollut (2010) 209: 467. doi:10.1007/s11270-009-0214-6&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge uto ha, mgbanwe ọdịdị na omume bụ mmetụta ndị a na-ekwukarị na ha metụtara ikpughe kemịkal.&lt;ref&gt;Venturino, A., Rosenbaum, E., De Castro, A. C., Anguiano, O. L., Gauna, L., De Schroeder, T. F., &amp; De D'Angelo, A. P. (2003). Biomarkers of effect in toads and frogs. Biomarkers, 8(3/4), 167.&lt;/ref&gt; Mmetụta nke ikpughe nwere ike ịkpata ogologo ahụ dị mkpirikpi, ịdị arọ dị ala na nkwarụ nke aka ma ọ bụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon, E. 2010&quot; /&gt; Ọganihu dị nwayọ, mgbanwe ọdịdị, na obere nha metamorph na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọnwụ na ikpughe na predation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon, E. 2010&quot; /&gt;

=== Anụmanụ ndị na-acha uhie uhie ===
A na-echekwakwa crayfish dị ka ihe ngosi bioindicators kwesịrị ekwesị, n'okpuru ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị.[33] Otu ihe atụ nke ojiji bụ nyocha nke mkpokọta microplastics na tract digestive nke red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) na-eji dị ka bioindicator nke wider microplastics mmetọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Baxter|first=Samantha|date=2023-09-15|title=Research Brief: Using Red Swamp Crayfish as Bioindicators of Microplastic Pollution|url=https://www.lakescientist.com/research-brief-using-red-swamp-crayfish-as-bioindicators-of-microplastic-pollution/|accessdate=2024-01-18|work=Lake Scientist|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe na-egosi nje ==

=== Mmiri na-emetọ ===
Enwere ike iji microorganisms mee ihe dị ka ihe na-egosi ahụike nke mmiri ma ọ bụ nke ala. A na-ahụ ya n'ụba, microorganisms dị mfe ịnwale karịa ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. Ụfọdụ microorganisms ga-emepụta protein ọhụrụ, nke a na-akpọ stress protein, mgbe a na-ekpughe ya na mmetọ dịka cadmium na benzene. Enwere ike iji protein ndị a dị ka usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị n'oge iji chọpụta mgbanwe na ọkwa mmetọ.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Nnyocha mmanụ na gas ===
Enwere ike iji nchọpụta nje maka mmanụ na gas (MPOG) chọpụta ebe ndị a ga-enwe ike inweta mmanụ na gas.   N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, a maara mmanụ na gas ka ha na-abanye n'elu ebe nchekwa hydrocarbon ga-agbapụta ma ọ bụ na-agbapụta n'elu site na ike na-ese n'elu na-emeri nrụgide. Hydrocarbons ndị a nwere ike ịgbanwe kemịkal na ihe ndị na-eme n'ime ala dị nso ma ọ bụ enwere ike iwere ha ozugbo. Usoro eji eme ihe maka MPOG gụnyere Nnyocha DNA, ọnụ ọgụgụ nje dị mfe mgbe a zụlitere ihe nlele ala na ihe na-adabere na hydrocarbon ma ọ bụ site n'ile anya na ojiji nke gas hydrocarbon na mkpụrụ ndụ ọdịbendị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rasheed|first=M. A.|title=Application of geo-microbial prospecting method for finding oil and gas reservoirs|journal=Frontiers of Earth Science|date=2015|volume=9|issue=1|pages=40–50|doi=10.1007/s11707-014-0448-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Microalgae na ogo mmiri ===
Microalgae enwetawo nlebara anya n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya gụnyere mmetụta ha dị ukwuu na mmetọ karịa ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-apụta n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na okike, ha bụ akụkụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ webụ nri, ha dị mfe omenala na iji mee ihe na nnwale ma enwere ole na ole ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla okwu omume metụtara ojiji ha.
[[Usòrò:Gravitactism_Euglena.png|thumb|Usoro gravitactic nke microalgae ''Euglena gracilis'' (A) na-enweghị na (B) na ọnụnọ nke mmetọ.]]
''Euglena gracilis'' bụ motile, mmiri dị ọcha, photosynthetic flagellate. Ọ bụ ezie na ''Euglena'' na-anabata acidity, ọ na-emeghachi omume ngwa ngwa na nlezianya na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ọla dị arọ ma ọ bụ inorganic na organic compounds. Nzaghachi ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ igbochi mmegharị na mgbanwe nke nhazi. Ọzọkwa, ihe a dị ndụ dị mfe ijikwa ma too, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ bara uru maka nyocha nke toxicological. Otu ihe bara uru nke ihe a dị ndụ bụ ntụziaka gravitational, nke na-emetụta mmetọ nke ukwuu. Ndị na-anabata ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe dịka ọla dị arọ na ihe ndị dị ndụ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na'ime ala na-emebi ihe ndị na. Ya mere, ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-ejikọta ya na mmegharị mberede nke mkpụrụ ndụ na kọlụm mmiri. Maka ule dị mkpirikpi, ntụziaka gravitational nke ''E. gracilis'' dị oke egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Azizullah|first=Azizullah|title=Gravitactic orientation of Euglena gracilis - a sensitive endpoint for ecotoxicological assessment of water pollutants|journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science|date=2013|volume=1|issue=4|pages=1–4|doi=10.3389/fenvs.2013.00004}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tahedl|first=Harald|title=Automated Biomonitoring Using Real Time Movement Analysis of Euglena gracilis|journal=Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety|volume=48|issue=2|pages=161–169|doi=10.1006/eesa.2000.2004|pmid=11161690|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ụdị ndị ọzọ dị ka ''Paramecium biaurelia'' (lee ''Paramecium aurelia'') na-ejikwa ntụziaka ike ndọda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hemmersbach|first=Ruth|title=Impact of a High Magnetic Field on the Orientation of Gravitactic Unicellular Organisms—A Critical Consideration about the Application of Magnetic Fields to Mimic Functional Weightlessness|journal=Astrobiology|date=2014|volume=14|issue=3|doi=10.1089/ast.2013.1085|pmid=24621307|pages=205–215}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Nnyocha Bio|Nnyocha ndụ]] na-akpaghị aka ga-ekwe omume, site na iji flagellate ''Euglena gracilis'' na ngwaọrụ nke na-atụle motility ha na dilutions dị iche iche nke mmiri mmetọ nwere ike, iji chọpụta EC&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sub id=&quot;mwARA&quot;&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (nchịkọta nke sample nke na-emetụta pasent 50 nke ihe ndị dị ndụ) na G-value (ihe dị ala nke enweghị ike ịlele mmetụta na-egbu egbu  ).&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tahedl|first=Harald|title=Fast examination of water quality using the automatic biotest ECOTOX based on the movement behavior of a freshwater flagellate|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_water-research_1999-02_33_2/page/426|journal=Water Research|date=1999|volume=33|issue=2|pages=426–432|doi=10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00224-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ahmed|first=Hoda|title=Monitoring of Waste Water Samples Using the ECOTOX Biosystem and the Flagellate Alga Euglena gracilis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_water-air-and-soil-pollution_2011-03_216_1-4/page/547|journal=Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution|date=2011|volume=216|issue=1–4|pages=547–560|doi=10.1007/s11270-010-0552-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnukwu anụmanụ na-enweghị azụ ==
Macroinvertebrates bụ ihe ngosi bara uru ma dị mma nke [[Ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] nke mmiri  na gburugburu ebe obibi ala.  &lt;ref name=&quot;waterbug&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Waterbug Book: A Guide to the Freshwater Macroinvertebrates of Temperate Australia|author=Gooderham|first=John|year=2002|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingswood, Victoria|isbn=0-643-06668-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_Paklse3XcC&amp;pg=PP1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bicknell|first=Jake E.|title=Dung beetles as indicators for rapid impact assessments: Evaluating best practice forestry in the neotropics|journal=Ecological Indicators|volume=43|pages=154–161|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.030|year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.aloki.hu/indvol12_2.htm|title=Structure and composition of edaphic arthropod community and its use as bioindicators of environmental disturbance|author=Beiroz|first=W.|date=2014|journal=Applied Ecology and Environmental Research|issn=1785-0037|accessdate=2017-08-02|volume=12|issue=2|pages=481–491|doi=10.15666/aeer/1202_481491}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-adịkarị, ọ dịkwa mfe ịnwale ma mata ha. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-ahụ ọtụtụ macro-invertebrates na anya nkịtị, ha na-enwekarị ndụ dị mkpirikpi (nke na-adịkarị ogologo oge) ma na-anọkarị otu ebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dickens|first=CWS|year=2002|title=The Southern Africa Scoring System (SASS) version 5 rapid bioassessment for rivers|url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/methods/dickens%20and%20graham.pdf|journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science|volume=27|pages=1–10|doi=10.2989/16085914.2002.9626569|accessdate=2011-11-16|archive-date=2016-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328153218/https://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/methods/dickens%20and%20graham.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnọdụ osimiri dịbu adị dị ka ụdị osimiri na mmiri ga-emetụta nchịkọta macro invertebrate ya mere ụzọ dị iche iche na ihe ngosi ga-adaba adaba maka ụdị iyi ụfọdụ na n'ime mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi ụfọdụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ anụmanụ ndị na-acha uhie uhie na-anabata ụdị mmetọ mmiri dị iche iche, ndị ọzọ anaghị anabata. Mgbanwe na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụdị ụdị dị iche iche na mpaghara ọmụmụ ihe ụfọdụ na-egosi ọnọdụ anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal nke iyi na osimiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; A na-ejikarị ụkpụrụ nnagide eme ihe iji nyochaa mmetọ mmiri  na [[Environmental degradation|Mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi]], dị ka ọrụ mmadụ (dịka igbu osisi na Ọkụ ọhịa) n'oké ọhịa.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Chang, F.C.|title=Tolerance Values of Benthic Macroinvertebrates for Stream Biomonitoring: Assessment of Assumptions Underlying Scoring Systems Worldwide|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-monitoring-and-assessment_2014-04_186_4/page/2135|journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment|year=2014|volume=186|issue=4|pages=2135–2149|doi=10.1007/s10661-013-3523-6|pmid=24214297}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Barlow|first=Jos|title=Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation|journal=Nature|volume=535|issue=7610|pages=144–147|doi=10.1038/nature18326|pmid=27362236|year=2016|url=https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617293/11/author%20accepted%281%29.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=França|first=Filipe|date=2016-08-01|title=Do space-for-time assessments underestimate the impacts of logging on tropical biodiversity? An Amazonian case study using dung beetles|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=53|issue=4|pages=1098–1105|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.12657|issn=1365-2664}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ngosi Benthic maka nnwale mmiri ===
A na-ahụ ụmụ anụmanụ na-acha uhie uhie n'ime mpaghara mmiri ma ọ bụ osimiri. Ha nwere Ụmụ ahụhụ ndị bi n'ime mmiri, anụ ndị na-acha uhie uhie, ikpuru na Mollusks ndị bi na ahịhịa na mmiri iyi nke osimiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Enwere ike ịchọta ụdị Macroinvertebrate n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ iyi na osimiri ọ bụla, ma e wezụga na ụfọdụ n'ime ebe kachasị njọ n'ụwa. A pụkwara ịchọta ha n'ọtụtụ iyi ma ọ bụ osimiri ọ bụla, na-amachibido naanị ndị na-akpọnwụ n'ime obere oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aquatic Macroinvertebrates|url=https://extension.usu.edu/waterquality/learnaboutsurfacewater/propertiesofwater/aquaticmacros|work=Water Quality|publisher=Utah State University Extension|accessdate=2020-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a na-eme ka ọ baa uru maka ọtụtụ ọmụmụ n'ihi na enwere ike ịchọta ha na mpaghara ebe mmiri na-adịghị omimi iji kwado ụdị buru ibu dị ka azụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; A na-ejikarị ihe ngosi Benthic atụ ihe ndị dị ndụ nke iyi na osimiri. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere ọrụ nke iyi dị ka nke dị mma, mgbe ahụ, a na-eche na kemịkal na ihe ndị dị na iyi ahụ dịkwa mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ihe ngosi Benthic bụ ule mmiri a na-ejikarị eme ihe na United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ekwesighi iji ihe ngosi benthic nyochaa mmalite nke ihe na-eme ka nrụgide dị n'osimiri na iyi, ha nwere ike inye ndabere na ụdị isi iyi ndị a na-ejikọkarị na ihe ndị a hụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=A. J.|date=2018|title=Long-term trends in biological indicators and water quality in rivers and streams of New York State (1972–2012)|journal=River Research and Applications|volume=34|issue=5|pages=442–450|doi=10.1002/rra.3272|issn=1535-1467}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọnọdụ ụwa ===
Na [[Obodo Békè|Europe]], Ntuziaka Water Framework (WFD) malitere n'October 23, 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html|title=The EU Water Framework Directive - integrated river basin management for Europe|work=Environment|publisher=European Commission|date=2020-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ chọrọ ka mba niile so na EU gosipụta na mmiri niile dị n'elu na n'okpuru ala dị mma. WFD chọrọ ka steeti ndị otu mejuputa usoro nlekota iji tụọ iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ihe ndị dị na iyi maka ụdị mmiri dị n'okpuru ala. Ihe a achọrọ mere ka ihe na-eme na biometrics na-etinye iji chọpụta ahụike iyi na Europe.  E mepụtara usoro nyocha biomonitoring dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ịntanetị na 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Monteagudo|first=Laura|date=2016-08-01|title=Benthic freshwater cyanobacteria as indicators of anthropogenic pressures|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X1630139X|journal=Ecological Indicators|language=en|volume=67|pages=693–702|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.035|issn=1470-160X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ dabeere na bivalve Molluscs na mgbanwe nke data oge n'etiti ngwaọrụ nwere ọgụgụ isi dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ọhịa (nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị 1 afọ na-enweghị ntinye aka mmadụ) na ebe data e mere iji jide, hazie ma kesaa ozi weebụ sitere na data ahụ. Usoro a na-ejikọta omume bivalve, ọkachasị ọrụ mkpokoro, na mgbanwe mmiri. A na-eji teknụzụ a eme ihe nke ọma maka nyocha nke mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na mba dị iche iche (France, Spain, Norway, Russia, Svalbard (Ny-Ålesund) na New Caledonia).

Na United States, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi (EPA) bipụtara Rapid Bioassessment Protocols, na 1999, dabere na ịtụle macroinvertebrates, yana periphyton na [[Fish|azụ]] maka nyocha nke [[Ịdị mma mmiri|ogo mmiri]].  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwla.org/index.php?ht=display/ContentDetails/i/1479/pid/1976|title=Biological Stream Monitoring|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|publisher=Izaak Walton League of America|accessdate=2010-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421203157/http://www.iwla.org/index.php?ht=display%2FContentDetails%2Fi%2F1479%2Fpid%2F1976|archivedate=2015-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

i deewNa South Africa, usoro Southern African Scoring System (SASS) dabeere na benthic macroinvertebrates, a na-ejikwa ya maka nyocha nke ogo mmiri na osimiri South Africa. A nụchara ngwá ọrụ SASS nke na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mmiri n'ime afọ 30 gara aga ma ugbu a ọ dị na mbipute nke ise (SASS5) dịka usoro ISO / IEC 17025 si dị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri na South Africa na-eji usoro SASS5 eme ihe dị ka usoro ọkọlọtọ maka Nnyocha Ahụike Osimiri, nke na-enye National River Health Programme na National Rivers Database.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ihe omume imposex dị na nkịta conch ụdị eju mmiri na-eduga na mmepe na-adịghị mma nke amụ na nwanyị, ma ọ dịghị eme ka ịmụ nwa. N'ihi nke a, a na-atụ aro ụdị ndị a dị ka ezigbo ihe na-egosi mmetọ na ogige tin nke mmadụ mere na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;CobImposex&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cob|first=Z. C.|title=Description and evaluation of imposex in ''Strombus canarium'' Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda, Strombidae): a potential bio-indicator of tributyltin pollution|journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment|year=2011|volume=178|issue=1–4|pages=393–400|doi=10.1007/s10661-010-1698-7|pmid=20824325|url=http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23629/1/Description%20and%20evaluation%20of%20imposex%20in%20Strombus%20canarium%20Linnaeus.pdf|archive-date=2025-08-12|access-date=2024-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812153101/http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23629/1/Description%20and%20evaluation%20of%20imposex%20in%20Strombus%20canarium%20Linnaeus.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

== Ebem si dee ==

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    <title>Henrique N'zita Tiago</title>
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      <text bytes="12742" sha1="74ao4bu3blks9f14r7v0m8zubvmezvr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Henrique N'zita Tiago|image=Tiago277.jpg|image_size=175px|caption=N'zita in 2011|office=Commander of the [[Forças Armadas de Cabinda|Armed Forces of Cabinda]]|term_start=1969|term_end=3 June 2016|predecessor=|successor=[[Emmanuel N'zita]]|birth_date={{birth date|1927|07|14|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Dinge, Angola|Cabinda]], [[Portuguese Angola]]|death_date={{death date and age|2016|06|03|1927|07|14|df=y}}|death_place=[[Paris]], [[France]]|alma_mater=|spouse=|children=Emmanuel N'zita, Antoine N'zita, Jean-Claude N'zita|party=[[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda|FLEC]]}}

Henrique N'zita Tiago (14 Julaị 1927[1] – 3 June 2016) [2] [3] bụ onye ọchịagha nke ndị agha Cabinda, otu ndị nnupụisi na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe nke Cabinda si Angola.[4] Ọ nwụrụ na Paris na 3 June 2016.[2][5] A kọrọ na Tiago dị afọ 88 mgbe ọ nwụrụ, na e liri ya na France &lt;ref name=&quot;a24h&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.angola24horas.com/politica/item/6708-funeral-de-nzita-tiago-em-paris-mas-trasladacao-para-cabinda-so-com-a-independencia|title=Funeral de Nzita Tiago em Paris, mas trasladação para Cabinda só com a independência|publisher=Angola 24 Horas|date=8 June 2016|accessdate=10 April 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Africa highlights: Tuesday 7 June 2016, as it happened|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-36443277|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=7 June 2016|accessdate=7 June 2016|quote=The leader of a rebel movement seeking independence for Angola's oil-rich region of Cabinda has died in exile in [[France]], [[Reuters]] quotes a statement from the group as saying. [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda|Flec]] said Nzita Henriques Tiago, 88, would be buried in France on Friday as he only wanted his body taken back to Cabinda if it was an independent state, Reuters reported. It did not say exactly when Mr Tiago, who was president and co-founder of Flec, died. The group – in one form or another – has been fighting a low-level insurgency since the 1960s. It first took up arms against the colonial power [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]]. Then when Angola [[History of Angola|gained independence in 1975]] and Cabinda was absorbed into Angola, Flec rebels continued to fight against the [[MPLA|Luanda government]].}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
[[Usòrò:Tiago122.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|N'zita na Cabinda, 1978]]
A mụrụ ya na Julaị 14, 1927,&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;74&quot; href=&quot;./Cabinda_(province)&quot; mw-redirect=&quot;&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Cabinda (province)&quot;&gt;Cabinda.skyrock.com/2900980231-Vers-un-Congo-Cabinda-independant-Le-Cabinda-serait-il-une-colonie.html&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;title&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Vers un Congo Cabinda indépendant: Le Cabinda serait-il une colonie Angolaise après avoir été une colonie portugaise ? L'appel de Monsieur NZITA TIAGO Henrique, Président du FLEC&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;website&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;cabinda.skyrock.com&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;7 June 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;language&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;fr&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;14 September 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160914182621/http://cabinda.skyrock.com/2900980231-Vers-un-Congo-Cabinda-independant-Le-Cabinda-serait-il-une-colonie.html&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;url-status&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;dead&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwXw\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt16\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\&quot; id=\&quot;mwYA\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;true\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20160914182621/http://cabinda.skyrock.com/2900980231-Vers-un-Congo-Cabinda-independant-Le-Cabinda-serait-il-une-colonie.html\&quot; id=\&quot;mwYQ\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Vers un Congo Cabinda indépendant: Le Cabinda serait-il une colonie Angolaise après avoir été une colonie portugaise&lt;span id=\&quot;mwYg\&quot; typeof=\&quot;mw:DisplaySpace\&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;? L'appel de Monsieur NZITA TIAGO Henrique, Président du FLEC\&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwYw\&quot;&gt;cabinda.skyrock.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (in French). Archived from&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;http://cabinda.skyrock.com/2900980231-Vers-un-Congo-Cabinda-independant-Le-Cabinda-serait-il-une-colonie.html\&quot; id=\&quot;mwZA\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;the original&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; on 14 September 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwZQ\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved&lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwZg\&quot;&gt;7 June&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;link about=\&quot;#mwt16\&quot; href=\&quot;./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)\&quot; id=\&quot;mwaA\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:PageProp/Category\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;true\&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-skyrock_1-1&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Henrique_N'zita_Tiago#cite_note-skyrock-1&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; na ozi nke San Jose de Luali na mpaghara Dinge,  ma ọ bụ na Mboma Lubinda,&lt;ref name=&quot;voaportugues&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/nzita-tiago-morreu/3360129.html|title=Morreu Nzita Tiago|publisher=VOA Português|date=3 June 2016|accessdate=10 April 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cabinda, n'ime ezinụlọ dị ala. of African countries in which he participated as leader of the struggle for self-determination in Cabinda, the Angolan enclave, rich in oil, nestled between the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Congo.&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwvQ\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt41\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\&quot; id=\&quot;mwvg\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;true\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.africarivista.it/e-morto-nzita-henriques-tiago-una-vita-per-lindipendenza-di-cabinda/106220/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwvw\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;È morto Nzita Henriques Tiago, una vita per l'indipendenza di Cabinda\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwwA\&quot;&gt;africarivista.it&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (in Italian). Africa, La rivista del continente vero. Internationalia srl. 3 June 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwwQ\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved&lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwwg\&quot;&gt;15 January&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2024&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;q id=\&quot;mwww\&quot;&gt;Ai lettori italiani forse questo nome dirà poco. In realtà, la sua è una delle ultime figure del movimento di indipendenza dei Paesi africani al quale ha partecipato come leader della lotta per l'autodeterminazione di Cabinda, l'enclave angolana, ricca di petrolio, incastonata tra la Rd Congo e la Repubblica del Congo. Translation: Perhaps this name will mean little to Italian readers. In reality, he is one of the last figures of the independence movement of African countries in which he participated as leader of the struggle for self-determination in Cabinda, the Angolan enclave, rich in oil, nestled between the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Congo.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;link about=\&quot;#mwt41\&quot; href=\&quot;./Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)\&quot; id=\&quot;mwxQ\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:PageProp/Category\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;true\&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-AR_7-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Henrique_N'zita_Tiago#cite_note-AR-7&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;7&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]

Na 1963, ọ kwadoro Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke lụrụ ọgụ, n'oge ahụ, megide ọchịchị colonial Portuguese.[2] N'ihi na ọ bụ akụkụ nke FLEC, ndị PIDE colonial jidere ya na 1970.[8] Ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Sao Nicolau dị na Bentiaba [9] A tọhapụrụ ya na 1974, meghere ụlọ ọrụ FLEC na Tchiowa, isi obodo Cabinda; [9] na otu afọ ka e mesịrị, a họpụtara ya onyeisi oche nke FLEC.&lt;ref name=&quot;DW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/flec-50-anos-a-afirmar-cabinda-n%C3%A3o-%C3%A9-angola/av-16991908|title=FLEC: 50 anos a afirmar &quot;Cabinda não é Angola&quot;|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]]|author=Da Rocha Alves Sampaio|date=8 February 2013|accessdate=10 April 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.publico.pt/2006/08/01/jornal/um-enclave-entre-os-dois-congos-91757|title=Um enclave entre os dois Congos|publisher=[[Público (Portugal)|Público]]|date=1 August 2006|accessdate=9 September 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ matara na gọọmentị Portuguese na-eme atụmatụ itinye Cabinda dị ka akụkụ nke Angola, N'zita malitere ọgụ ọgụ megide otu ndị agha na-akwado nnwere onwe Angola.[3] Ọnọdụ ya na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na mkparịta ụka banyere ọnọdụ Cabinda, na-ahọrọ naanị maka agha, mere ka FLEC kewaa n'ime akụkụ dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;DW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/flec-50-anos-a-afirmar-cabinda-n%C3%A3o-%C3%A9-angola/av-16991908|title=FLEC: 50 anos a afirmar &quot;Cabinda não é Angola&quot;|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]]|author=Da Rocha Alves Sampaio|date=8 February 2013|accessdate=10 April 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara mba ọzọ na France.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Africa highlights: Tuesday 7 June 2016, as it happened|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-36443277|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=7 June 2016|accessdate=7 June 2016|quote=The leader of a rebel movement seeking independence for Angola's oil-rich region of Cabinda has died in exile in [[France]], [[Reuters]] quotes a statement from the group as saying. [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda|Flec]] said Nzita Henriques Tiago, 88, would be buried in France on Friday as he only wanted his body taken back to Cabinda if it was an independent state, Reuters reported. It did not say exactly when Mr Tiago, who was president and co-founder of Flec, died. The group – in one form or another – has been fighting a low-level insurgency since the 1960s. It first took up arms against the colonial power [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]]. Then when Angola [[History of Angola|gained independence in 1975]] and Cabinda was absorbed into Angola, Flec rebels continued to fight against the [[MPLA|Luanda government]].}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'zita nwụrụ na Paris na June 3, 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;VOA-Afrique&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.voaafrique.com/a/nzita-tiago-leader-historique-du-mouvement-separatiste-de-cabinda-est-mort-a-paris/3360516.html|title=Nzita Tiago, leader historique du mouvement séparatiste de Cabinda, est mort à Paris|publisher=[[Voice of America|VOA Afrique]]|date=3 June 2016|accessdate=4 June 2016|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;voaportugues&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/nzita-tiago-morreu/3360129.html|title=Morreu Nzita Tiago|publisher=VOA Português|date=3 June 2016|accessdate=10 April 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; E liri ya na June 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;a24h&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.angola24horas.com/politica/item/6708-funeral-de-nzita-tiago-em-paris-mas-trasladacao-para-cabinda-so-com-a-independencia|title=Funeral de Nzita Tiago em Paris, mas trasladação para Cabinda só com a independência|publisher=Angola 24 Horas|date=8 June 2016|accessdate=10 April 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, nwa ya nwoke, [[Emmanuel N'zita]], nọchiri ya dị ka Onye isi Ndị agha nke Cabinda ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;VOA-Afrique&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/emmanuel-nzita-assume-lideranca-flec-fac/3366844.html|title=Emmanuel Nzita assume liderança da FLEC/FAC|publisher=VOA Português|date=7 June 2016|accessdate=10 April 2021|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda
* Agha Obodo Angola

== Ihe odide ==</text>
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    <title>Anwar Abdel-Malek</title>
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      <text bytes="2641" sha1="j38dlbbio18xtp41p676cme08kko6be" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Anouar Abdel-Malek|image=|birth_date={{birth date|1924|10|23|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]|death_date={{death date and age|2012|06|15|1924|10|23|df=yes}}|death_place=[[Paris]], [[France]]|nationality=[[Egypt]]ian|education=[[Ain Shams University]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Faculté des lettres de Paris]]|occupation=[[Political scientist]]}}

Anouar Abdel-Malek (Arabic), (23 Ọktoba 1924 - 15 June 2012) bụ onye sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Egypt-French. Ọ bụ onye Pan-Arabist Ndị Marxist .&lt;ref name=&quot;Birthdate reference&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nkrumah|first=Gamal|title=Anouar Abdel-Malek: And the light flickers on|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/786/profile.htm|work=Profile|publisher=Al-Ahram|accessdate=31 August 2012|date=16–22 March 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AhramObit&quot;&gt;Sayed Mahmoud, [http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/18/45476/Books/Anouar-AbdelMalek,-champion-of-panArabism,-dies-at.aspx Anouar Abdel-Malek, champion of pan-Arabism, dies at 88], ''[[Ahram Online]]'', 18 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ Ndị Kraịst Copt, Anouar Abdel-Malek nwetara nzere bachelọ na nkà ihe ọmụma na 1954 na Mahadum Ain Shams tupu ọ gụọ maka nzere doctorate na Sorbonne. O mechara sonye na CNRS, bụrụ onye isi nchọpụta n'ebe ahụ na 1970.&lt;ref name=&quot;AhramObit&quot;&gt;Sayed Mahmoud, [http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/18/45476/Books/Anouar-AbdelMalek,-champion-of-panArabism,-dies-at.aspx Anouar Abdel-Malek, champion of pan-Arabism, dies at 88], ''[[Ahram Online]]'', 18 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* ''Ijipt: Òtù ndị agha '', 1962 Charles Lam Markmann sụgharịrị ya dị ka Egypt: military society; the army regime, the left, and social change under Nasser, 1968.
* Anthologie nke akwụkwọ Arabic nke oge a, 1964
* Echiche na mweghachi mba, Ijipt nke oge a, 1969
* Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Arab nke oge a, 1970. Michael Pallis sụgharịrị ya dị ka ''Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị Arab nke oge a'', 1983
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nke Mike Gonzalez sụgharịrị dị ka Social dialectics, 2 vols., 1980.
* ''Mba na mgbanwe'', 1981
* (ed. ya na Miroslav Pečujlićand Gregory Blue) ''Sayensị na teknụzụ na mgbanwe nke ụwa'', 1982
* (ed. na Ānisujjāmāna) ''Omenala na echiche na mgbanwe nke ụwa'', 1983.

== Ntụaka ==

# Nkrumah, Gamal (16-22 Maachi 2006). &quot;Anouar Abdel- Malek: Na ìhè na-enwu&quot;. Profaịlụ. Al- Ahram.  Eweputara 31 ogost 2012.
# Sayed Mahmou Anouar Abdel- Malek,  onye mmeri nke pan- Arabism, nwuru na afo 88, Ahram Online, 18 Junn 2012</text>
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      <text bytes="15526" sha1="e16c5kfcqicgdzyjq6v7ew82vypkyuz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Abdelwahab Meddeb|image=Abdelwahab Meddeb - Comédie du Livre 2011 - Montpellier - P1150907.jpg|caption=Abdelwahab Meddeb at the 'Comédie du Livre' of [[Montpellier]] in 2011|imagesize=|birth_name=|other_names=|birth_date={{Birth date|1946|01|17|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Tunis]], [[French Tunisia]]|death_date={{Death date and age|2014|11|05|1946|01|17|df=y}}|death_place=[[Paris]], [[France]]|occupation=|spouse=|partner=|years_active=|signature=|website=}}

'''Abdelwahab Meddeb''' ({{lang-aeb|عبد الوهاب المدب}}; 17 January 1946 – 5 November 2014) was a [[Asụsụ French|French-language]] writer and cultural critic, and a professor of comparative literature at the University of Paris X-Nanterre.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2014/11/06/mort-de-l-essayiste-et-romancier-abdelwahab-meddeb-1946-2014_4519799_3382.html|title=Mort de l'essayiste et romancier Abdelwahab Meddeb (1946-2014)|publisher=Le Monde|date=6 November 2014|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Meddeb na Tunis, French Tunisia, na 1946, n'ime onye mmụta na patrician milieu. Ezinụlọ ya sitere na Tripoli na Yemen n'akụkụ nne ya, ruo Spain na Morocco n'akụkụ nna ya. N'ịbụ onye a zụlitere na ezinụlọ ndị Alakụba Maghrebi, Meddeb malitere ịmụ Qur'an mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ site n'aka nna ya, Sheik Mustapha Meddeb, ọkà mmụta iwu Islam na Zitouna, nnukwu ụlọ alakụba na mahadum nke Tunis. Mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ọ malitere mmụta asụsụ abụọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Franco-Arabic bụ akụkụ nke Collège Sadiki a ma ama. Otu a ka usoro ọgụgụ isi malitere, n'oge uto, site na oge gboo nke ma akwụkwọ Arabic na French na Europe.&lt;ref&gt;Abdelwahab Meddeb. ''Face à l’islam. Entretien mené par [[Philippe Petit]]''. Paris: Textuel, 2004. pp. 20-88. This volume consists of a series of three long interviews with the author.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1967, Meddeb kwagara Paris ka ọ gaa n'ihu na mahadum ya na Sorbonne na akụkọ ihe mere eme nka. Na 1970-72, o jikọrọ aka na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Petit Robert: Des Noms Propres, na-arụ ọrụ na ndenye gbasara Islam na akụkọ ihe mere eme nka. Site na 1974-1987 ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ gbasara agụmagụ na akwụkwọ Sindbad, na-enyere aka iwebata ọha na eze na-agụ French na oge ochie nke akwụkwọ Arabic na Persian yana nnukwu ndị ode akwụkwọ Sufi. Onye prọfesọ na-eleta na Mahadum Yale na Mahadum Geneva, Meddeb na-akụzi akwụkwọ ntụnyere kemgbe 1995 na Mahadum Paris X-Nanterre. N'agbata 1992 na 1994 ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Intersignes, na 1995 ọ malitere akwụkwọ akụkọ Dédale. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Talismano na Paris na 1979 wee bụrụ ngwa ngwa ederede ntọala nke akụkọ ifo postcolonial avant-garde na French. N'oge ahụ, a na-ewere ya na France dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede na-eto eto kacha mma si North Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Review of ''Passport to Arabia'', ''Maghreb: New Writing from North Africa''|first=Anne|author=Roche|pages=73–74|journal=[[Wasafiri]]|volume=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe [[Mwakpo September 11|9/11]] gasịrị, ọrụ Meddeb, nke ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka &quot;usoro ọmụmụ abụọ&quot;, ma nke ọdịda anyanwụ na nke Alakụba, French na Arabic, gụnyere akụkụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ngwa. Onye na-akatọ nkwenye nke Islam, ọ kwara arịrị maka ịrị elu nke fascism Islam, nke o kwuru na ọ na-erigbu ụkpụrụ ọdịnala Islam ma nye ya otuto nke ndị ọchịchị aka ike nke chọrọ &quot;ịchịkwa akụkụ ikpeazụ nke ndụ onwe onye ọ bụla...na nrọ nke ikpochapụ akụkụ niile nke ndị mmadụ&quot; (na-emegide ndị ọchịchị aka ochie nke ebumnuche bụ ichekwa ike nke ha.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Flight of the Intellectuals|author=Berman|first=Paul|publisher=Melville House Publishing|year=2010|isbn=978-1-933633-51-0|location=Brooklyn|pages=[https://archive.org/details/flightofintellec00paul/page/48 48–49]|url=https://archive.org/details/flightofintellec00paul/page/48}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meddeb, mgbe ahụ, bụ onye nkwado siri ike nke secularism (&quot;la laïcité&quot;) na ọdịnala French Enlightenment, dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ga-ejikọta Islam na ọgbara ọhụrụ. Echiche nke ịmụrụ anya ya sitere n'ihe ọ kpọrọ &quot;n'etiti&quot; oghere (&quot;l'entre deux&quot;) nke o ji dị ka onye edemede North Africa nke dabeere na France, na site na ọrụ nke ịbụ onye ọgụgụ isi ọha. Ntụle akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala ya nwere ọgụgụ isi nke ihe omume ụwa mere ka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, ajụjụ ọnụ na nkọwa redio. Nyocha ya nke ọma na nke ọma na 2002, La Maladie de l'Islam (a sụgharịrị ma bipụta ya na Bekee dị ka Malady nke Islam) na-achọpụta akụ na ụba akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala nke mmepeanya Islam mgbe ochie na ọdịda ya na-esote. N'ihi ọnọdụ, &quot;inconsolable na ya n'ịda ogbenye&quot;, na-ede, Meddeb, nyere mgbọrọgwụ nke oge a Islam fundamentalism, a eziokwu agụnyere n'oge Arab steeti 'mgbakwunye na archaic, Manichaean iwu nke &quot;official Islam.&quot; Akwụkwọ a na-enyochakwa ihe jọgburu onwe ya sitere na nchụpụ nke West na Islam.&lt;ref&gt;Abdelwahab Meddeb. ''The Malady of Islam''. Translated by [[Pierre Joris]]. New York: [[Basic Books]], 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na nchịkọta akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ French Le Monde banyere mwakpo Israel nke Gaza (ya bụ, 13 Jan. '09),&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.signandsight.com/features/1813.html - The English translation of “Pornography of Horror.”]&lt;/ref&gt; na &quot;Okwu Cairo&quot; nke Obama (4 June 2009), na mmemme redio ya abụọ kwa izu, &quot;Cultures d'islam&quot; na Redio France Culture na &quot;Point de Vue&quot; na Médi 1 (nke sitere na Tangiers, Morocco), na ngosi telivishọn ya. na ajụjụ ọnụ ya n'ịntanetị, Meddeb na-eji mgbasa ozi dịka nnọkọ maka nyocha na arụmụka. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Abdennour Bidar na-eduzi mmemme redio &quot;Cultures d'islam&quot;. Ọrụ ya na-ejikọta ndị edemede na ndị ọkà mmụta si East na West, na-etinye aka na isiokwu ndị bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala, okpukpe, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma si otú ahụ na-agbagha echiche ndị Alakụba na ndị Europe na-eche banyere ibe ha. Olu Islam nwere ndidi, Meddeb abụghị onye ọhụrụ na esemokwu sitere na akụkụ ndị Alakụba na-alụ ọgụ na ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ na-ekpe aka ekpe, ndị na-ebo ya ebubo enweghị afọ ojuju maka ọchịchị Ben Ali.&lt;ref&gt;Alain Gresh, [http://blog.mondediplo.net/2011-07-27-La-maladie-d-Abdelwahab-Meddeb-et-la-revolution La maladie d’Abdelwahab Meddeb et la révolution tunisienne], ''Le Monde Diplomatique'', 27 juillet 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta nke akwụkwọ ==
Site na edemede mbụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ, uri na ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ n'etiti afọ 1970 gaa n'ihu, ihe odide Meddeb abụwo ọtụtụ ma dịgasị iche iche, na-emepụta ọrụ edemede na-aga n'ihu nke na-agwakọta ma na-agafe ụdị. Ihe odide ya bụ nke polymath.

Ntugharị na ụda nke ahịrịokwu French ya dabara na ntụgharị uche nke onye na-agụ akụkọ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ, onye na-eje ije n'obodo, na onye na-ede uri na-enweghị oke. Onyonyo mmekọrịta na-enye ohere ka ederede na-agagharị na mbara igwe na oge, ka ya na ndị edemede dịka Dante na Ibn Arabi kparịta ụka, ndị na-ede uri Sufi na Stéphane Mallarmé, Spinoza, Aristotle na Averroes (Ibn Rushd), tinyere ndị na-ede uri nke China na Japan oge gboo. N'ezie, Meddeb na-eme ihe ọ kpọrọ &quot;esthetics of heterogeneous,&quot; na-eji ụdị edemede dị iche iche na-egwuri egwu site na ọtụtụ omenala, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ European modernist, uri Arabic tupu Islam, ndị na-ede uri ihe omimi nke Islam, Japanese Haiku, na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;Abdelwahab Meddeb. ''Talismano''. Paris: Sindbad-Actes Sud. 1987. Forthcoming in English from [[Dalkey Archive Press|Dalkey Archive]] Press, University of Illinois.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ede naanị na French, ọrụ ya dị ka onye ntụgharị nke ndị na-agụ uri Arab nke oge ochie &quot;ịtọhapụ onye Alakụba na-ezo aka na ọnọdụ ya siri ike ka ọ na ederede French&quot; na-egosi ederede ya dị mgbagwoju anya. Ihe ùgwù ya nke ndị edemede Arabic na Persian ndị a na-enyocha ihe onwunwe ọdịbendị ochie n'ụdị postmodern, na-emesi akụkụ mara mma, nke ime mmụọ na nke omume nke Islam ike. Ọrụ ya, nke a sụgharịrị n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri na abụọ, na-emeghe ma na-eme ka mkparịta ụka ya na akwụkwọ ụwa nke oge a baa ọgaranya.

Ọ sụgharịrị ọrụ Ndị Sufis dịka, ọkachasị, Suhrawardi ma ọ bụ Abû Yazid al-Bistami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|author=Abdellah Tourabi|title=Sortie. Abdelwahab Meddeb : ''La Maladie de l'islam''|work=[[Telquel]]|date=5-11 December 2009|pages=|url=http://ykzxlck.telquel-online.com/archives/401/mage_culture2_401.shtml|accessdate=6 November 2014|archivedate=6 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106223310/http://ykzxlck.telquel-online.com/archives/401/mage_culture2_401.shtml}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ==
2002 - Prix François Mauriac, La Maladie de l'Islam2002 - Prix Max Jacob, Matière des oiseaux2007 - Prix international de littérature francophone Benjamin Fondane - Contre-prêches''Nkwusa Ndị Na-emegide''

== Akwụkwọ ==
'''''A na-enweta ya na French'''''

* ''Talismano 1979; 1987''
* ''Ọhụụ 1986''
* ''Ili nke Ibn 'Arabi 1987''
* ''Okwu Bistami 1989''
* ''Nnụnụ Gazelle na Nwatakịrị 1992''
* ''Akụkọ banyere ịgba ọsọ ndụ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ site na Sohrawardi 1993''
* ''Ụlọ Ọrụ 99 nke Yale 1995''
* ''Re Soupault Tunisia 1936-1940. 1996''
* ''Ihe ndị na-acha ọcha n'oge gara aga 1997''
* ''Na Tunisia mụ na Jellal Gasteli na Albert Memmi 1998''
* ''Aya n'obodo ukwu 1999''
* ''Ihe nnụnụ 2002''
* ''Ọrịa Alakụba 2002''
* ''Ihu Islam Ajụjụ ọnụ na Philippe Petit 2003''
* ''Saigyô N'elu ala na Hiromi Tsukui 2004''
* ''Ịgba ọsọ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ 2005''
* ''Chechnya na Maryvonne Arnaud na-ekpughe onwe ha n'ụzọ gabigara ókè 2005''
* ''Nkwusa na-emegide Ihe ndekọ 2006''
* ''Nzukọ Ratisbonne, esemokwu na esemokwu na Jean Bollack na Christian Jambet 2007''
* ''Ịpụ n'ọbụ ọnụ. Islam n'etiti mmepeanya na omume obi ọjọọ 2008''
* ''Egwuregwu mmepeanya 2009''
* ''Oge opupu ihe ubi nke Tunis 2011''
* ''Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị Juu na ndị Alakụba site na mmalite ruo n'oge anyị'', nke ya na Benjamin Stora duziri 2013

=== Akwụkwọ ndị a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Bekee ===

* ''Ọrịa nke Islam.'' New York: Basic Books, 2003. Trans. Pierre Joris na Ann Reid   
* ''Islam na enweghị afọ ojuju ya.'' London: Heinemann, 2004. (Mbipụta nke Britain) 
* ''Ili nke Ibn'Arabi na White Traverses.'' Site na okwu ikpeazụ nke Jean-Luc Nancy. Trans. Charlotte Mandell New York: Fordham University Press. 2009.
* ''Talismano'' A sụgharịrị ya na Okwu Mmalite ya site n'aka Jane Kuntz. Dalkey Archive Press, Champaign, Ill: Mahadum nke Illinois Press, 2011
* ''Islam na ihe ịma aka nke mmepeanya.''Nke Jane Kuntz sụgharịrị, New York, Fordham University Press, 2013
* A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations - From the Origins to the Present Day, nke ya na Benjamin Stora duziri, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 2013

=== Abụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ===
''''' (n'akwụkwọ akụkọ, n'ịntanetị, na n'ime nchịkọta) '''''

* Abdelwahab Meddeb &quot;Islam na enweghị afọ ojuju ya: Ajụjụ ọnụ na Frank Berberich ,&quot; na October 99, Winter 2002, peeji nke 3-20, Cambridge: MIT, trans. &amp;nbsp;Pierre Joris

''''' (Nsụgharị niile dị n'okpuru site na Charlotte Mandell) '''''

* Abdelwahab Meddeb, &quot;The Stranger Across&quot;, na Cerise Press, Summer 2009, online:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cerisepress.com/01/01/l-etranger-en-face-the-stranger-across Cersiepress.com]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abdelwahab Meddeb, &quot;Na Ili nke Hafiz,&quot; na The Modern Review, Winter 2006, Vol. II, Mbipụta 2, peeji nke 15-16.&amp;nbsp;
* Maram al-Massri, &quot;N'abalị ọ bụla nnụnụ na-ehi ụra n'ịnọ naanị ha&quot; na Abdelwahab Meddeb, &quot;Wandering&quot; na The Cúirt Annual 2006, nke Cúirt International Festival of Literature bipụtara, Galway, Eprel 2006, peeji nke 78-80.&amp;nbsp;
* Abdelwahab Meddeb, &quot;California apple with no apple taste&quot; (abụ), na Two Lines: A Journal of Translation, XIII, nke Center for the Art of Translation bipụtara, 2006, peeji nke 188-191.73-80.&amp;nbsp;
* Abdelwahab Meddeb, nhọrọ sitere na &quot;Ili nke Ibn Arabi,&quot; na ''The Yale Anthology of Twentieth-Century Poetry'', ed. Mary Ann Caws, New Haven &amp; London: Yale University Press, 2004, peeji nke 418-419.&amp;nbsp;

== Nsụgharị ==

* N'afọ 1983, Abdelwahab Medded sụgharịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ Season of Migration to the North nke [[Tayeb Salih]] sụgharịrị n'asụsụ French&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|author=Youssef Aït Akdim|title=Interview. Abdelwahab Meddeb : « La charia est une hypocrisie ! »|work=[[Telquel]]|date=May 2008|pages=|url=http://w.telquel-online.com/archives/323/arts1_323.shtml|accessdate=6 November 2014|archivedate=6 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106223350/http://w.telquel-online.com/archives/323/arts1_323.shtml}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=30 November 2015|date=6 November 2014|language=fr|title=Abdelwahab Meddeb est mort|url=http://www.mag14.com/culture-a-medias/54-culture/2885-abdelwahab-meddeb-est-mort.html|work=mag14.com|archivedate=8 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208140047/http://www.mag14.com/culture-a-medias/54-culture/2885-abdelwahab-meddeb-est-mort.html}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* &quot;Mirror of Tunis&quot;, Raul Ruiz, dir. 1993.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ọdịdị Ọgbara Ọhụrụ nke Alakụba

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

* Andrea Flores Khalil, ''The Arab Avant-Garde: Nnyocha na nka na akwụkwọ edemede nke North Africa.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Naceureddine Elafrite, &quot;Tunisia. Abdelwahab Meddeb: 'Islamism bụ nkọwa dara ogbenye, nke nzuzu na nke jọgburu onwe ya nke Islam'&quot;, Le Courrier de l'Atlas, 11 December 2012.
* Ronnie Scharfman, Nomadism and Transcultural Writing in the Works of Abdelwahab Meddeb, in L'Esprit créateur, Lexington, Ky.: Vol. XLI, Nke 3, Fall 2001, peeji nke 105-113.&amp;nbsp;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.signandsight.com/features/1813.html Signandsight.com Abdelwahab Meddeb: Ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke Egwu]
* [http://www.signandsight.com/features/978.html Michael Mönninger, Abdelwahab Meddeb: Ihe nketa nke ime ihe ike nke Islam]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727171958/http://penatlas.org/online/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=568&amp;Itemid=16 The English Pen Online World Atlas - Abdelwahab Meddeb]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090217004013/http://portal.unesco.org/es/ev.php-URL_ID%3D14320%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html Ihichapụ Ụlọ Nzukọ Anyị: UNESCO]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120222052406/http://www.logosjournal.com/issue_5.3/meddeb.htm Abdelwahab Meddeb - Islam na Enlightenment]
* Ihe nchekwa data nke onye na-ese ihe nke mba ụwa E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
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! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;&quot; |European Championships
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_icon_(B_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Bronze medal – third place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016 Amsterdam&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;&quot; |European Indoor Championships
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_icon_(B_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Bronze medal – third place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2015 Prague&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_icon_(B_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Bronze medal – third place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2017 Belgrade&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;&quot; |European U23 Championships
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_icon_(G_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Gold medal – first place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2015 Tallinn&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_icon_(B_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Bronze medal – third place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2013 Tampere&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;&quot; |World Junior Championships
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_icon_(G_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Gold medal – first place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2010 Moncton&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_icon_(G_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Gold medal – first place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2012 Barcelona&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;&quot; |European Junior Championships
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_icon_(G_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Gold medal – first place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2011 Tallinn&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;&quot; |Youth Olympic Games
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_icon_(G_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Gold medal – first place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2010 Singapore&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;&quot; |World Youth Championships
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;&quot; |[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_icon_(G_initial).svg|link=|16x16px|Gold medal – first place]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2009 Brixen&lt;/span&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |Pole vault
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot; |Updated on February 25, 2019
|}
'''Angelica Therese Bengtsson''' (amụrụ 8 Julaị 1993) bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu na egwuregwu [[Sweden]] bụ ọkachamara na ogwe osisi. Ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri mbụ n'oghere egwuregwu n'egwuregwu Olimpik Ntorobịa Summer na Singapore, 2010.

Bengtsson emeriela ihe nrite ọla edo na asọmpi ndị ntorobịa ụwa nke 2009 na asọmpi 2010 World Junior Championship na egwuregwu. O debere akara nke 4.47&amp;nbsp;m maka ndekọ ụwa ntorobịa maka ihe omume ahụ na 2010 wee mebie ndekọ nke obere ụwa site na 4.63.&amp;nbsp;m n'afọ 2011. Bengtsson debere agba nke anọ na asọmpi ụwa nke 2015 na Beijing, China, ebe ọ debere ndekọ mba nke 4.70.&amp;nbsp;m n'ikpeazụ. O debere ndekọ obodo mgbe ahụ na 4.81&amp;nbsp;m, setịpụrụ ime ụlọ na Clermont-Ferrand, na February 24, 2019.  Bengtsson emeriela aha mba iri na otu.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Bengtsson na 8 Julaị 1993 na Väckelsång ; nna ya bụ onye Sweden na nne ya bụ Afro-Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;Pettersson, Tomas (2016-08-14): [http://www.expressen.se/sport/os2016/bengtssons-detalj---brasilianska-naglar/ &quot;Bengtssons detalj - brasilianska naglar&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; Bengtsson malitere na mgbatị mgbatị ahụ ma nwee olile anya ịgbaso nzọụkwụ nna ya n'ịwụ ube. Ọ bịara pụta ngwa ngwa na o nwere talent maka ịkụ osisi ;  Otú ọ dị, ọ malitere ọrụ ya na ọkwa klọb maka IFK Växjö, tupu ọ banye na Hässelby SK. Ọ nwetara mmeri mbụ ya zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2009 IAAF World Youth Championship, ebe mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii ọ meriri ihe nrite ọla edo nke osisi pole na 4.32.&amp;nbsp;mita. Nke a bụ oke mmeri nke 22&amp;nbsp;cm n'elu akụkụ ndị ọzọ. 

N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ntorobịa, o weere ọkwa isi mba na asọmpi egwuregwu ime ụlọ nke Sweden, na-eji ikike nke 4.30 merie ndị na-asọ mpi Sweden.&amp;nbsp;m.  Bengtsson guzobe onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ntorobịa egwuregwu kacha elu na 2010 European Youth Olympic Trials na Moscow na Mee. N'ịbụ onye meriri asọmpi ahụ, ọ kwalitere ndekọ ntorobịa ụwa ruo 4.42&amp;nbsp;m wee mee ka nke a dịkwuo mma ozugbo site na nkwụsị nke mita 4.47. Ọ nwara imebi ndekọ ndị okenye Sweden (na-ebuli mmanya ahụ ruo 4.52&amp;nbsp;m) mana dara n'ime oghere atọ ya. Akara mmeri ya zuru oke iji tozuo ya maka asọmpi egwuregwu egwuregwu 2010 nke European, mana ọ họọrọ ilekwasị anya na asọmpi ụdị afọ ndị ntorobịa kama.  

N'ịwulite ọla edo ntorobịa ya site na afọ gara aga, ọ gbakwunyere ihe nrite ọla edo ọzọ na mkpokọta ya na 2010 Junior World Championship na Moncton. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ikuku na-ebelata ọkwa nke arụmọrụ, nkwụsị nke mbụ na 4.15&amp;nbsp;M mechiri mmeri ya n'ebe ụmụ agbọghọ ndị toro eto nọ wee gbakwunye centimeters iri n'etiti ya na Holly Bleasdale maka akara mmeri nke 4.25&amp;nbsp;m.  Ihe ndị ọ rụpụtara mere ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu ama ama na asọmpi Summer Youth Olympic nke mbụ na Singapore.  O mere nke ọma na ọkwa ọkacha mmasị ya site na imeri asọmpi ahụ n'ogo 4.30&amp;nbsp;m. Wepụ ihe ịma aka nke ndekọ obere ụwa nke Silke Spiegelburg nke 4.48&amp;nbsp;m, Bengtsson gara ozugbo maka ndekọ ndị isi Sweden, mana ọzọ 4.52&amp;nbsp;m gosipụtara nke ukwuu maka onye na-eto eto na-eme egwuregwu.  

Bengtsson nwetara akara ahụ site na mkpochapụ nke mbụ na asọmpi ime ụlọ nke Sweden na February 2011, na-azọrọ ma ndekọ ndekọ nke obere ụwa na ndekọ ndị isi Sweden n'otu oge. 

Na ngwụcha asọmpi ụwa nke 2019, Bengtsson mebiri okporo osisi ya na mbọ ya nke atọ na 4.80&amp;nbsp;m, si otú a na-enwe ikike ọzọ ime mgbalị. O kpochapụrụ ịrị elu ahụ, nke nyere ya ebe 6th na asọmpi ahụ, yana ndekọ ọhụrụ n'èzí Swedish.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.svt.se/sport/friidrott/angelica-bengtsson-brot-staven-i-tredje-forsoket-pa-4-80|title=Angelica Bengtsson klarade 4,80 efter mirakelhopp|date=September 29, 2019|work=SVT Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmezu ==
{| {{AchievementTable}}
|-
!colspan=&quot;5&quot;|Representing {{SWE}}
|-
|2009
|[[2009 World Youth Championships in Athletics|World Youth Championships]]
|[[Brixen]], [[Italy]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|4.32 m
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2010
|[[2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Moncton]], [[Canada]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|[[2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault|4.25 m]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics|Youth Olympic Games]]
|[[Singapore]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|[[Athletics at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' pole vault|4.30 m]]
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2011
|[[2011 European Athletics Indoor Championships|European Indoor Championships]]
|[[Paris]], [[France]]
|12th (q)
|[[2011 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's pole vault|4.35 m]]
|-
|[[2011 European Athletics Junior Championships|European Junior Championships]]
|[[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|4.57 m
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2012
|[[2012 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]]
|[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]
|10th
|[[2012 European Athletics Championships – Women's pole vault|4.30 m]]
|-
|[[2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|[[2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault|4.50 m]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
|19th (q)
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's pole vault|4.25 m]]
|-
|rowspan=3|2013
|[[2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships|European Indoor Championships]]
|[[Gothenburg, Sweden]]
|9th (q)
|[[2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's pole vault|4.46 m]]
|-
|[[2013 European Athletics U23 Championships|European U23 Championships]]
|[[Tampere]], [[Finland]]
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|[[2013 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's pole vault|4.55 m]]
|-
|[[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
|16th (q)
|[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault|4.45 m]]
|-
|2014
|[[2014 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]]
|[[Zürich]], [[Switzerland]]
|5th
|[[2014 European Athletics Championships – Women's pole vault|4.45 m]]
|-
|rowspan=3|2015
|[[2015 European Athletics Indoor Championships|European Indoor Championships]]
|[[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|[[2015 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's pole vault|4.70 m]]
|-
|[[2015 European Athletics U23 Championships|European U23 Championships]]
|[[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|[[2015 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's pole vault|4.55 m]]
|-
|[[2015 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Beijing, China]]
| 4th
|[[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault|4.70 m]] 
|-
|rowspan=2|2016
|[[2016 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]]
|[[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|[[2016 European Athletics Championships – Women's pole vault|4.65 m]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
|14th (q)
|[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's pole vault|4.55 m]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
|[[2017 European Athletics Indoor Championships|European Indoor Championships]]
|[[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|[[2017 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's pole vault|4.55 m]]
|-
|[[2017 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
|10th
|[[2017 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault|4.55 m]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2018
|[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]]
|[[Birmingham]], [[United Kingdom]]
|11th
|[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's pole vault|4.50 m]]
|-
|[[2018 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]]
|[[Berlin, Germany]]
|6th
|[[2018 European Athletics Championships – Women's pole vault|4.65 m]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
|[[2019 European Athletics Indoor Championships|European Indoor Championships]]
|[[Glasgow, United Kingdom]]
|14th (q)
|[[2019 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's pole vault|4.40 m]]
|-
|[[2019 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Doha]], [[Qatar]]
|6th
|[[2019 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault|4.80 m]]
|-
|2021
|[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Tokyo, Japan]]
|13th
|[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's pole vault|4.50 m]]
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ndekọ ụwa n'okpuru 20 na egwuregwu
* Ndị na-eme egwuregwu Europe nke afọ

== Ntụaka ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>n29zjpje46m86t63ebl5cque2jbhwed</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Alicia Cañas Zañartu</title>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Alicia Cañas Zañartu&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Alicia_Cañas_Zañartu_en_afiche_Campaña_1935.JPG|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Alicia Cañas Zañartu na 1935&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A mụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1901&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Paris]]&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nwụrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |March 27, 2002&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(2002-03-27)&lt;/span&gt; (afọ 100) &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Santiago]]&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Onye Chile
|}
Alicia Cañas Zañartu (Paris, France, Ọgọst 1901 – Santiago, Chile, Maachị 27, 2002) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Chile. N'afọ 1935, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara n'ọkwa ọchịchị site na ntuli aka ọha na mba ahụ. Site na votu a, ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ onye isi obodo na Providencia, nwanyị mbụ onye isi obodo na akụkọ ntolite Chile.[1] Ọ bụ nwunye nwa Juan Luis Sanfuentes, Onye isi ala Chile.

== Ndụ ==
Zañartu bụ nwa nwanyị nke Rafael Cañas Ariztia na Amelia Zañartu Iñiguez. A mụrụ ya na Paris n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 1901,&lt;ref name=&quot;dia&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.diarioelheraldo.cl/noticia/alicia-canas-zanartu-la-primera-alcaldesa-democratica-de-chile|title=Alicia Cañas Zañartu; la primera alcaldesa democrática de Chile|author=Diseño|first=Hazlo Web|work=Alicia Cañas Zañartu; la primera alcaldesa democrática de Chile|language=es|accessdate=2019-11-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe o biri ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa.

Ọ lụrụ di mbụ ya, Arturo Sanfuentes, onye bụ nwa nwoke nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Juan Luis Sanfuentes ma ha nwere nwa nwanyị, Soledad. Dhee nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ n'afọ 1925;&lt;ref name=&quot;dia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.diarioelheraldo.cl/noticia/alicia-canas-zanartu-la-primera-alcaldesa-democratica-de-chile|title=Alicia Cañas Zañartu; la primera alcaldesa democrática de Chile|author=Diseño|first=Hazlo Web|work=Alicia Cañas Zañartu; la primera alcaldesa democrática de Chile|language=es|accessdate=2019-11-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDiseño&quot;&gt;Diseño, Hazlo Web. [http://www.diarioelheraldo.cl/noticia/alicia-canas-zanartu-la-primera-alcaldesa-democratica-de-chile &quot;Alicia Cañas Zañartu; la primera alcaldesa democrática de Chile&quot;]. ''Alicia Cañas Zañartu; la primera alcaldesa democrática de Chile'' (in Spanish)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-11-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi nke a, ọ laghachiri Paris, mana ọ laghachikwara Chile na arịrịọ nna ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mujerimpacta.cl/alicia-canas/|title=Copia archivada|accessdate=18 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218193507/http://www.mujerimpacta.cl/alicia-canas/|archivedate=18 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Chile, ọ lụrụ onye ọka iwu Augusto Errázuriz ma mụọ ụmụ anọ. Ọ bịarutere Chile na aha ọma maka ịbụ nwanyị kwụụrụ onwe ya. Ọ kwọla ụgbọ ala nke ya na Paris na nke ahụ abụghị ihe ọhụrụ maka oge ahụ. Ọ bụ nnukwu akụkụ ndụ ndụ nke Paris metụrụ ya aka; nke ọ ga-emecha megharịa na Providencia. Ọ bụ nwanyị a ma ama maka ọrụ ebere ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 50 ọ duru &quot;Home of the Blind in Santa Lucia&quot;. Ọ bụ nraranye ya na mbọ ya mere ka ọrụ ntọala ahụ sie ike.

== Ihe odide ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>George Bizos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="25379" sha1="r4hooxz4q3hv9zjdnvlqf8pibvsco82" xml:space="preserve">[[File:George Bizos 1.jpg|thumb|George Bizos]]
George Bizos (Greek: Γιώργος Μπίζος; [1] 14 Nọvemba 1927 – 9 Septemba 2020) bụ onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Greek-South Africa onye lụsoro ọgụ megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa. Achọpụtara ya maka ịnọchite anya Nelson Mandela n'oge ikpe Rivonia. Ọ gwara Mandela ka ọ gbakwunye iru eru &quot;ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa&quot; na adreesị ikpe ya, bụ nke a na-ekwu na ọ zọpụtara ya na ikpe ọnwụ. Bizos nọchikwara anya ezinaụlọ nke ndị na-akwado ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke gọọmentị gburu, n'oge a na-anụ okwu nke Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Bizos bụ nwa Antonios &quot;Antoni&quot; Bizos, onye isi obodo nke obere obodo Vasilitsi, ndịda Koroni na Kalamata nke dị na peninsula Messenia nke Peloponnese, Greece. A mụrụ ya na 14 November 1927, n'agbanyeghị na e dekọrọ nke a ezighi ezi na akwụkwọ njirimara South Africa ya dị ka 1928, n'ihi nkwupụta nna ya gwara ndị ọchịchị mgbe ọ bịarutere Egypt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=65 Years of Friendship|first=George|author=Bizos|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|date=2017|isbn=9781415208861|accessdate=30 September 2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IghbDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=george+bizos+15+november+1927&amp;pg=PT299}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 1941 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, Bizos na nna ya nyeere Ndị agha New Zealand asaa aka (Don Gladding, Mick Karup, Peter Martin, John Lewis na ndị ọzọ atọ) ndị zoro n'ugwu iji gbapụ n'ala ndị Gris nke Germany weghaara na Krit. 9 ahụ gawara n'oké osimiri n'abalị, naanị na compass dị ọnụ ala na map e wepụrụ site na atlas, na-ezube ịgbaga Krit. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'oké osimiri, ifufe siri ike wepụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma dọwaa ákwà ya. Ndị ikom ahụ ga-agbanwerịta ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, n'abalị niile, ruo mgbe ha jisiri ike rụzie ákwà ifufe ahụ. N'ụbọchị nke atọ, ha hụrụ ụgbọ mmiri n'ebe dị anya. Ha jisiri ike dọta uche nke ndị ọrụ nke ihe mechara bụrụ onye na-ebibi ụgbọ mmiri Britain, HMS &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwLQ&quot;&gt;Kimberley&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, n'ụzọ ọ na-aga Agha nke Krit. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ''Kimberley'' kpọpụrụ ya na nna ya na Alexandria, Ijipt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Media Challenge: Who and Where Are the Seven?|work=International Bar Association|date=22 October 2004|accessdate=14 October 2014|url=http://www.ibanet.org/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=1F5E4C74-75E2-43BA-BA36-8BAAE0E26B0D|archivedate=11 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911101718/http://www.ibanet.org/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=1F5E4C74-75E2-43BA-BA36-8BAAE0E26B0D}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye gbara ọsọ ndụ, e zigara Bizos na Union of South Africa wee daa na Durban.&lt;ref name=&quot;birthdaytea&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Mail &amp; Guardian|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-11-16-birthday-tea-with-bizos|title=Birthday tea with Bizos|first=Sello S.|author=Alcock|date=16 November 2008|accessdate=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'ebe ahụ, o ji ụgbọ okporo ígwè gaa Johannesburg, na-agbadata na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Braamfontein.&lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf|title=Memoirs of George Bizos|publisher=Aluka|first=George|author=Bizos|date=October 1989|accessdate=30 September 2019|archivedate=30 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930034047/http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ahụ, Ossewabrandwag, otu ndị Afrikaner nwere ọmịiko Ndị Nazi, na-eme ngagharị iwe megide mbata nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. Ossewabrandwag boro Jan Smuts ụta maka iwebata ''Vuilgoed'' (ihe mkpofu) nke Europe na South Africa. Ndị Gris nọ n'ógbè ahụ nyeere aka itinye ya n'ime ọha mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;patriarch&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|work=Mail &amp; Guardian|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-09-26-greek-patriarch-of-the-struggle|title=Greek patriarch of the struggle|first=Angella|author=Johnson|date=26 September 1997|accessdate=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bizos agaghị ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ime afọ abụọ mbụ ya na mba ahụ ebe ọ na-asụghị Bekee ma ọ bụ Afrikaans.&lt;ref name=&quot;patriarch&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=Mail &amp; Guardian|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-09-26-greek-patriarch-of-the-struggle|title=Greek patriarch of the struggle|first=Angella|author=Johnson|date=26 September 1997|accessdate=30 September 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJohnson1997&quot;&gt;Johnson, Angella (26 September 1997). [https://mg.co.za/article/1997-09-26-greek-patriarch-of-the-struggle &quot;Greek patriarch of the struggle&quot;]. ''Mail &amp; Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190930034043/https://mg.co.za/article/1997-09-26-greek-patriarch-of-the-struggle Archived] from the original on 30 September 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ banyere na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand na 1949, ebe ọ zutere [[Nelson Mandela]]  wee nweta nzere Bachelor of Arts afọ atọ, wee soro ya nweta nzere LLB afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/prominent-human-rights-lawyer-george-bizos-dies-200910032905795.html|title='Legendary': Prominent human rights lawyer George Bizos dies|author=Swart|first=Mia|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|date=10 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910150214/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/prominent-human-rights-lawyer-george-bizos-dies-200910032905795.html|archivedate=10 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, sonye na Kansụl nnọchiteanya ụmụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru nduzi nke Harold Wolpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf|title=Memoirs of George Bizos|publisher=Aluka|first=George|author=Bizos|date=October 1989|accessdate=30 September 2019|archivedate=30 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930034047/http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBizos1989&quot;&gt;Bizos, George (October 1989). [http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf &quot;Memoirs of George Bizos&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. The memoirs of George Bizos, with emphasis on his legal career, as related to Thomas Karis and Gail Gerhart in New York, October 1989. Aluka. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190930034047/http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 30 September 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ iwu ==

=== Oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ===
Bizos sonyeere ndị ọkàiwu na Johannesburg n'afọ 1954.&lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf|title=Memoirs of George Bizos|publisher=Aluka|first=George|author=Bizos|date=October 1989|accessdate=30 September 2019|archivedate=30 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930034047/http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBizos1989&quot;&gt;Bizos, George (October 1989). [http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf &quot;Memoirs of George Bizos&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. The memoirs of George Bizos, with emphasis on his legal career, as related to Thomas Karis and Gail Gerhart in New York, October 1989. Aluka. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190930034047/http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.gerhart0018_final.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 30 September 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime afọ 1950 na 1960 ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ nye ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama gụnyere Trevor Huddleston nke Sophiatown.&lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;

Na ikpe ikpe Rivonia site na 1963 ruo 1964, Bizos so na ndị otu gbachitere Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki na Walter Sisulu. A mara ndị eboro ebubo mkpọrọ ndụ, mana ha gbapụrụ ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwu mgbe ụfọdụ na ọ na-ekwu na ọ depụtara okwu a ma ama nke Mandela kwuru n'oge ikpe ahụ, ọ na-ekwu na isi ihe nyere ya aka bụ inye ndụmọdụ maka iji okwu ndị a &quot;ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa&quot; tupu Mandela kwuo na ọ dị njikere ịnwụ. Bizos kwenyere na nke a nwere ike itinye aka na ịzere ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ, site n'ime ka Mandela ghara ịdị ka ọ na-achọ igbu mmụọ.[1] Ikpe a hụrụ mbata nke otu ndị ọka iwu ruuru mmadụ - Joel Joffe, Harry Schwarz, Arthur Chaskalson na Harold Hanson.&lt;ref name=&quot;90thbedford&quot; /&gt;{{Cite 

Bizos bụ kansụl maka ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dịkarịa ala ikpe 26 ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nyocha. N'afọ 1969, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ịgbachitere Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na ndị ọzọ 21 na ebubo nke imebi Iwu Mmachibido Iwu Kọmunist na Iwu Òtù Iwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=de Villiers|first=James|date=10 September 2020|title=EXPLAINER: The Treason Trial, Rivonia, Madikizela-Mandela: This is why George Bizos was the premier anti-apartheid lawyer|work=News24|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/analysis/explainer-the-treason-trial-rivonia-madikizela-mandela-this-is-why-george-bizos-was-the-premier-anti-apartheid-lawyer-20200909|accessdate=28 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na Arthur Chaskalson na Dennis Kuny, ọ nọchitekwara anya NUSAS Five bụ ndị e boro ebubo ịkwalite ebumnuche nke African National Congress na ọchịchị Kọmunist na 1975. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Bizos mechara bụrụ onye isi otu Johannesburg Bar na 1978. Ọ bụ onye otu National Council of Lawyers for Human Rights, nke o nyere aka chọta na 1979. Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ dị elu na Legal Resources Centre na Johannesburg na Constitutional Litigation Unit. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ọka ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe nke [[Botswana]] site na 1985 ruo 1993. &lt;ref name=&quot;SAH&quot; /&gt;

=== Mgbe ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gasịrị ===
Bizos ghọrọ onye otu African National Congress' (ANC) Legal and Constitutional Committee na 1990, [1] na na Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ndị otu mkparita uka wee sonye n'ịmepụta iwu oge. . O tinyere aka na idebe iwu, na karịsịa Iwu Eziokwu na Ndozigharị na mmezigharị na Usoro Usoro Mpụ, iji mee ka ọ dabara na isi nke 3 nke usoro iwu ahụ, na-ekwe nkwa ikike ndị bụ isi maka ụmụ amaala South Africa niile..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRPZDEfWI2UC&amp;pg=PA175|title=The Routledge Companion to Museum Ethics: Redefining Ethics for the Twenty-First Century Museum|publisher=Routledge|date=23 May 2012|editor=Marstine|isbn=9781136715266|accessdate=10 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT obit&quot; /&gt;

E debere Bizos dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na nyocha dị iche iche banyere ọnwụ nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot;/&gt; N'oge ikpe nke Truth and Reconciliation Commission, ọ bụ onye ndú nke otu na-emegide arịrịọ maka mgbaghara n'aha Biko, Hani,  Goniwe, Calata, Mkonto, Mhlauli, Slovo na Schoon. &lt;ref name=&quot;patriarch&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot; /&gt;

Onye isi ala Mandela họpụtara Bizos ka ọ bụrụ Kọmitii Ọrụ Ikpe na 1994.[1] Ọ bụ ya kpatara ịkwado ndị ga-ahọpụta dịka ndị ọka ikpe, yana ịtụpụta mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na usoro ikpe. Bizos bụ onye ndú nke otu maka Gọọmenti South Africa na-arụ ụka na ọnwụ ọnwụ na-akwadoghị, [2] na ndụmọdụ maka National Assembly na Asambodo nke Constitution site na Constitutional Court. O mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu nye Mandela na 2005, n'oge esemokwu iwu dị ilu na onye ọka iwu nke ikpeazụ, Ismail Ayob.[4][5][6][7] Ọ nọchitere anya otu ndị otu ndị China nke South Africa n'okwu nke kwụsịrị na 2008 bụ nke enyere ndị China South Africa ọkwa 'enweghị nsogbu na mbụ', wee mee ka ha tozuo maka uru Black Economic Empowerment..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chinese qualify for BEE|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Chinese-qualify-for-BEE-20080618|work=News24|accessdate=15 December 2015|date=18 June 2008|archivedate=9 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109091051/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Chinese-qualify-for-BEE-20080618}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe nkiri banyere Rivonia ===
Na 2017 Bizos pụtara ya na ndị na-anwụ anwụ na ikpe Rivonia, Denis Goldberg, Andrew Mlangeni na Ahmed Kathrada, yana ndị ọka iwu ibe ya Joel Joffe na Denis Kuny, na ihe nkiri nkiri akpọrọ Life is Wonderful, nke Sir Nicholas Stadlen duziri, [1] ] nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere ikpe ahụ. Aha ahụ gosipụtara okwu Goldberg gwara nne ya na ngwụcha ikpe ahụ mgbe ọ nụrụ na a gbanapụrụ ya na ndị otu ya ikpe ọnwụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/22/men-rivonia-trial-nelson-mandela-1964|title=Unsung heroes: the men who stood trial with Mandela|first=Nick (Nicholas)|author=Stadlen|date=22 July 2018|accessdate=23 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/life/arts-and-entertainment/2018-06-13-apartheid-history-overlooked-rivonia-triallists-feted-in-life-is-wonderful/|title=Apartheid history: Overlooked Rivonia triallists feted in Life is Wonderful|first=Pippa|author=Green|work=Business Day|date=13 June 2018|accessdate=23 April 2019|archivedate=23 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423090804/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/life/arts-and-entertainment/2018-06-13-apartheid-history-overlooked-rivonia-triallists-feted-in-life-is-wonderful/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.mandela.ac.za/News/%E2%80%98Life-is-Wonderful%E2%80%99-screening-reinforces-call-for|title='Life is Wonderful' screening reinforces call for such histories in curriculum|date=15 June 2018|work=Nelson Mandela University|accessdate=23 April 2019|archivedate=20 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020101636/http://news.mandela.ac.za/News/%E2%80%98Life-is-Wonderful%E2%80%99-screening-reinforces-call-for}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị ama ama nọchitere anya ===
Bizos nọchitere anya ndị na-esonụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ:

* [[Nelson Mandela]], kemgbe afọ 1950&lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=George Bizos, Anti-Apartheid Lawyer Who Defended Mandela, Dies at 92|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/world/africa/george-bizos-dead.html|first=Alan|author=Cowell|date=9 September 2020|accessdate=9 September 2020|work=The New York Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCowell2020&quot;&gt;Cowell, Alan (9 September 2020). [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/world/africa/george-bizos-dead.html &quot;George Bizos, Anti-Apartheid Lawyer Who Defended Mandela, Dies at 92&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200909194602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/world/africa/george-bizos-dead.html Archived] from the original on 9 September 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 September&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Trevor Huddleston nke Sophiatown, 1950s&lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;
* Mac Maharaj na ikpe Little Rivonia &lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;
* Govan Mbeki na Ikpe Rivonia na 1963-64 &lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;
* Walter Sisulu na ikpe Rivonia na 1963-64, na mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị nwunye ya &lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;
* Ezinụlọ Ahmed Timol, banyere ọnwụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na 1971 &lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;
* Ezinụlọ Steve Biko, banyere ọnwụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na 1977 &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT obit&quot; /&gt;
* Ezinụlọ Neil Aggett, banyere ọnwụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na 1982 &lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;
* [[Rob Adam]] na ikpe maka itinye aka na ọrụ ANC, 1982 &lt;ref name=&quot;memoir&quot; /&gt;
* Patrick Lekota (nke a maara dị ka &quot;Terror&quot;) na Popo Molefe na Delmas Treason Trial, 1985-89  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Trial by Color|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/30/books/trial-by-color.html|first=Gail M.|author=Gerhart|page=10|date=30 December 1990|accessdate=9 September 2020|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bizos' fight against apartheid|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/andrew-austin/news/article.cfm?a_id=54&amp;objectid=3604701|first=Andrew|author=Austin|date=7 November 2004|accessdate=9 September 2020|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|archive-date=10 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910071509/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/andrew-austin/news/article.cfm?a_id=54&amp;objectid=3604701|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAustin2004&quot;&gt;Austin, Andrew (7 November 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200910071509/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/andrew-austin/news/article.cfm?a_id=54&amp;objectid=3604701 &quot;Bizos' fight against apartheid&quot;]. ''[[The New Zealand Herald]]''.  from the original on 10 September 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 September&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ezinụlọ Chris Hani, n'oge a na-ege ntị na Truth and Reconciliation Commission ebe ndị gburu Hani tinyere akwụkwọ maka mgbaghara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=George Bizos, Nelson Mandela's lawyer and anti-apartheid icon, dies at 92|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/10/george-bizos-nelson-mandelas-lawyer-and-anti-apartheid-icon-dies-at-92|date=10 September 2020|accessdate=10 September 2020|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Morgan Tsvangirai, onye ndú nke Movement for Democratic Change of [[Zimbabwe]], mgbe e boro ya ebubo na ọ na-eme atụmatụ iwe ọchịchị tupu ntuli aka nke afọ 2002  &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT obit&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SAH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/george-bizos|title=George Bizos|date=17 February 2011|work=South African History Online|language=en|accessdate=24 February 2019|archivedate=23 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010023/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/george-bizos}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/george-bizos &quot;George Bizos&quot;]. ''South African History Online''. 17 February 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010023/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/george-bizos Archived] from the original on 23 January 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;24 February&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Winnie Madikizela-Mandela&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT obit&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==
N'afọ ndị 1970 Bizos nyere aka malite ụlọ akwụkwọ Grik, nke a na-akpọ SAHETI. Ọ nabatara Hellenism, ma ọ bụghị onye na-ewepu, ọbụlagodi n'oge obi nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ọ bụ ebe a ka ndị mmadụ dị ka ụmụ Chris Hani gụrụ akwụkwọ.

Abụọ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Mandela wetara ụlọikpe n'afọ 2013 ịchụpụ Bizos, onye bụbu minista na-ahụ maka ụlọ Tokyo Sexwale na onye ọka iwu Bally Chuene dị ka ndị isi nke ụlọ ọrụ Mandela abụọ. Bizos kwuru na ụmụ nwanyị na-agbalị &quot;ịnweta aka ha n'ihe na-ekwesịghị ire&quot;. Ikpe a gbutere oge ka onye ọkaiwu ụmụ nwanyị Ismail Ayob wepụrụ na ikpe ahụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mandela Fades Amid Battles Over Who Will Claim Legacy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/world/africa/mandela-fades-as-south-africa-battles-over-legacy.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|work=The New York Times|date=15 May 2013|accessdate=1 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nelson Mandela's children turn on his lawyer George Bizos|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9984380/Nelson-Mandelas-children-turn-on-his-lawyer-George-Bizos.html|work=The Telegraph|date=10 April 2013|accessdate=1 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nelson Mandela family feud deepens as Mandla hits back|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23181352|work=BBC|date=4 July 2013|accessdate=1 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nelson Mandela court case delayed after Ayob withdraws|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23491876|work=BBC|date=29 July 2013|accessdate=1 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ==
Bizos lụrụ Arethe Daflos, onye a maara dị ka &quot;Rita&quot;, onye ọ zutere na 1948 mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nka. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ. Rita nwụrụ na 2017, obere oge tupu ụbọchị ọmụmụ di ya dị afọ iri itoolu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/328/explore/awards/honorary_degrees/2008/George_Bizos.pdf|title=George Bizos honorary degree citation|publisher=University of Cape Town|year=2008|accessdate=10 September 2020|archivedate=10 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910071511/https://www.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/328/explore/awards/honorary_degrees/2008/George_Bizos.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;90thbedford&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za/322506/friends-family-celebrate-bizos-90th/|publisher=Befordview and Edendale News|title=Friends, family celebrate Bizos' 90th|date=6 December 2019|accessdate=30 September 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za/322506/friends-family-celebrate-bizos-90th/ &quot;Friends, family celebrate Bizos' 90th&quot;]. Befordview and Edendale News. 6 December 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190930032127/https://bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za/322506/friends-family-celebrate-bizos-90th/ Archived] from the original on 30 September 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 September&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SAH&quot;/&gt;

Bizos nwụrụ n'ụlọ n'ụbọchị nke 9 n'ọnwa Septemba 2020 mgbe ọ dị afọ 92.E nyere ya olili ozu pụrụ iche na 17 Septemba ma lie ya na Westpark Cemetery n'akụkụ nwunye ya Rita. &lt;ref name=&quot;citizendeath&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Human rights advocate George Bizos has died|work=The Citizen|date=9 September 2020|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/general/2356193/human-rights-advocate-george-bizos-has-died/|accessdate=10 September 2020|archivedate=10 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910004524/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/general/2356193/human-rights-advocate-george-bizos-has-died/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;bbcdeath&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=George Bizos: Anti-apartheid lawyer who defended Mandela dies aged 92|work=BBC News|date=9 September 2020|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54094248|accessdate=10 September 2020|archivedate=10 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910004643/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54094248}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=In memory of George Bizos (1928-2020)|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-09-10-in-memory-of-george-bizos-1928-2020/|accessdate=10 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na onyinye ==

* 1999: Ihe nrite Order for Meritorious Service Class II site n'aka Onye isi ala Mandela n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHO bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=George Bizos|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/george-bizos|accessdate=9 September 2020|publisher=South African History Online|archivedate=29 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729031652/https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/george-bizos}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;/&gt;
* 2001: International Trial Lawyer Prize of the Year site na International Academy of Trial Lawyers . &lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot; /&gt;
* 2004: The International Bar Association (IBA) kpọrọ Bizos onye mmeri nke 2004 Bernard Simons Memorial Award 

== Ihe Nketa ==

* George Bizos SAHETI Scholarship na Bursary Fund&lt;ref name=&quot;90thbedford&quot;/&gt;
* Arethe Daflos-Bizos Arts Scholarship (kwupụtara na ụbọchị ọmụmụ Bizos nke afọ 90 iji sọpụrụ nwunye ya nwụrụ anwụ) &lt;ref name=&quot;90thbedford&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* {{Cite book|author=Bizos|first=George|authorlink=George Bizos|title=No One to Blame?: In Pursuit of Justice in South Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAgAzUwnyN4C|year=1998|publisher=New Africa Books|isbn=978-0-86486-319-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=Bizos|first=George|authorlink=George Bizos|title=Odyssey to Freedom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COOcAAAAMAAJ|year=2011|publisher=Penguin &amp; Random House|location=South Africa|isbn=978-1-4152-0307-1}}
* {{Cite book|title=65 Years of Friendship|first=George|author=Bizos|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|date=2017|isbn=9781415208861|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IghbDwAAQBAJ}}

== Ihe odide ==

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    <title>Eze nke nwamba</title>
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[[Faịlụ:Page_158_illustration_in_More_English_Fairy_Tales.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe osise nke John D. Batten]]
Eze nke nwamba (ma ọ bụ Eze o' the Cats) bụ Akụkọ ọdịnala sitere na British Isles .  [1] A na-ahụ ihe atụ mbụ a mara na Beware the Cat, nke William Baldwin dere na 1553,[nb 1] ọ bụ ebe na ọ nwere njikọ na-akpa afọ mbụ nke &quot;Ọnwụ nke Pan&quot;.  N akara ndị ọzọ a ma ama otu n'ime akwụkwọ ozi nke Thomas Lyttelton, 2nd Baron Lytteltons dere, nke mbụ e Carlo na 1782, M. G. Lewis gwara Percy Bysshe Shelley ahụ ahụ na 1816, Joseph Jacobs otu site n'ọtụtụ isi ụlọ, otu nke Charlotte S. Burne chị.[2][3][4]  Walter Scott kọrọ na ọ bụ ndị a ma ama na Scottish Highlands na ike awụ nke iri na ọrụ.  [5] Enwere ike ikike ya dị ka ịhịa aka &quot;ahụ nke elf (ma ọ bụ nwamba) &quot;: Aarne-Thompson-Uther ụdị 113A, ma ọ bụ ụdị ifo nke Christiansen ụdị 6070B.

== Nchịkọta ==
Nwoke na-eme njem naanị ya hụrụ nwamba (ma ọ bụ nụ olu), onye na-agwa ya okwu, na-agwa onye ọ bụla (nke a na-akpọkarị aha a na-amaghị ama, nke a na-eche na onye ahụ amaghị ama) na onye ọzọ (nke a bụ aha a na'amaghị ama) anwụọla, ọ bụ ezie na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nwere onye njem ahụ na-ahụ otu nwamba na-eme olili ozu eze. Ọ rutere ebe ọ na-aga ma kọọ ihe merenụ, mgbe na mberede nwamba ahụ tiri mkpu dị ka &quot;Mgbe ahụ abụ m eze nwamba!&quot;, na-agba ọsọ n'ime anwụrụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ n'ọnụ ụzọ, a hụkwa ya ọzọ.

== Omenala ọdịnala ==
''Enwere ike isi aha mbụ nke Tybert/Tibert (eze nke nwamba) na akara 1481 nke William Caxton nke ifo Nke a bụ otu nke ndị ihe mere eme nke Reynart the foxe.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=This is the table of the historye of reynart the foxe|url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A10638.0001.001?view=toc|accessdate=2023-02-20|work=quod.lib.umich.edu|date=1481}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=[TCP] This is the table of the historye of reynart the foxe – Reynard the Fox.|url=https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12024/A10638/A10638.html|accessdate=2023-02-20|work=ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk|archive-date=2023-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220141309/https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12024/A10638/A10638.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na William Shakespeare's Romeo na Juliet, Mercutio na-ezo aka na Tybalt dị ka &quot;Prince of Cats&quot;, ọ bụ ebe na nke a nwere ike ịbụ na ọ na-ezo anya na Tibert / Tybalt &quot;Prince nke Cats&quot; na Reynard the Fox, ọ na-egosi gosipụtara ntụkwasị nke ụlọ site na ọ na-eje ozi ala nke afọ 16 na England ahụ..

Kpachara anya pusi, ma ọ bụ na 1553 ma bipụta na 1561, nke ọ bụla, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-egbutu ya na Bokee Jiri otua, pịa wmụanyịnye w'ors wee pịa Ya;  nke &quot;Eze nwamba&quot; bụ ihe atụ a ma ama.

Eze ma ọ bụ onyenwe nke nwamba akwụkwọ na ọ-ịkpọ ala ndị Irish abụọ mbụ.  ụfọdụ, ụfọdụ nke Imtheacht na Tromimhedha (The Proceedings of the Great Barde Institution) ndị eze dị n'etiti Senchán Torpist onye ejidere na eze Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin nke Connacht, nke mere ka onye ụkọcha buru ụzọ bụrụ ụmụ oke niile ọnụ, gbuo iri na abụọ n'ime ha n'ihi ihere, nwa ahụ ejide ụmụ;  na mmegwara, eze nwamba, Irusan nwa Arusan na-ahụ Senchán, ma St Ki gburugburu ya.[1]  Lady Jane Wilde de njikọ dị ka &quot;Seanchan the Bard and the King of the Cats&quot;, nke e edi n'akwụkwọ ya nke 1866 Ancient Legends of Ireland, ma tinye ya na akwụkwọ W. B. Yeats nke 1892 Irish Fairy Tales .  A ụzọ nke abụọ dị ka &quot;Mgbe Eze nke Cats bịara na Eze Connal's Dominion&quot; n' akwụkwọ Padraic Colum nke 1916 The King of Ireland's Son .

A na-ejikọta nwamba n'ọtụtụ ọdịnala ọdịnala na ndị karịrị nke mmadụ na ndị karịrị ike mmadụ dịka elves na fairies.

== Mmetụta ==
John Dunlop dere otu uri nke ahụ, nke sitere n'ike nss nke akwụkwọ n' akwụkwọ ozi Lord Lyttelton, nke ịkpọ na Poems on Several Occasions from 1793 to 1816 (1836).).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=John|author=Dunlop|authorlink=John Dunlop (writer)|editor=Dunlop|title=Poems on Several Occasions from 1793 to 1816|date=1836|pages=41–42}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ozi ahụ aha n'akwụkwọ Henrietta Christian Wright dere n'afọ 1895 Children's Story in American Literature .

Mgbe Algernon Charles Swinburne nwụrụ na 1909, a kọrọ na W. B. Yeats (onye dị afọ 38 n'oge ahụ) gwara nwanne ya ihe &quot;Abụ m eze nwamba&quot; 

Onye Poland-French na-ese ihe n'oge a bụ Balthus dere onyinyo onwe ya nke 1935 &quot;A Portrait of H.M. The King of the Cats Painted by Himself. &quot;

Akụkọ nke Stephen nke Vincent Benét nke 1929 &quot;The King of the Cats&quot; nke pastọ na omenala a ka The Library of America akwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ ya na ike apụta nke American Fantastic Tales, nke Peter Straub dezi sii.  Akwụkwọ Straub nke afọ 1980 bụ Shadowland zoro aka n'ihe nchekwa a dị ka isiokwu dị mkpa.

Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Frances Jenkins Olcott nke afọ 1942 Good Stories For Great Holidays ajụjụ otu &quot;The King of the Cats&quot; nke Charlotte S. Burne nke Ernest Rhys.

Akwụkwọ ikike nke Barbara Sleigh dere n'afọ 1954 bụ Carbonel: The King of the Cats sitere n'ike nsasị nke ndị a, dị ka ihe abụọ sochirinụ, The Kingdom of Carbonel na Carbonel na Callidor, nke ụkwụ Usoro Carbonel.

Paul Galdone akwụkwọ akwụkwọ foto na 1980 nke ihuenyo King of the Cats . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=King of the Cats : a ghost story|author=Paul.|first=Galdone|date=1980|publisher=Houghton Mifflin/Clarion Books|others=Jacobs, Joseph, 1854-1916.|isbn=0395290309|location=New York|oclc=5171415}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'asụsụ John Crowley nke afọ 1987 bụ The Solitudes, &quot;The King of the Cats&quot; nwere njikọ doro anya na &quot;Ọnwụ nke Pan&quot; dịka Plutarch dere ma Augustine nke Hippo ike ya dị ka ike na World Ages.

China Miéville na-ewere echiche nke eze nke nwamba site na ndị a na &quot;Nna nke nwamba&quot; nke Robert Irwin site na The Arabian Nightmare maka akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 1998 King Rat. 

Onye edemede America bụ P. T. Cooper's 2012 middle-grade children's novel, The King of the Cats, na-amalite site na ịkọ akụkọ ifo mbụ ma na-amalite ebe akụkọ ifo ahụ kwụsịrị. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-akọ banyere ọnwụ Tom Tildrum na okpueze nke onye nọchiri ya, Jack Tigerstripes, onye onye amụma nwamba gwara n'ụbọchị okpuezi ya na mmadụ ga-ejide ya ma gbuo ndụ ya n'ebe a chụgara ya. Njem 217 nke si na ya pụta na-echetara akụkọ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu dị ka The Lion King . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Cooper|first=P. T.|title=The King of the Cats|year=2012|isbn=978-0615651057|publisher=Autumn Breeze Publishing, LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aha egwu egwu egwu egwu America Ted Leo na Pharmacists' 2003 EP Tell Balgeary, Balgury Is Dead sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke County Cork nke &quot;Eze nke nwamba&quot;, na aha ya na-ezo aka na aha nwamba na akụkọ ahụ, ma kwuo n'abụ nke ntọala akụkọ ahụ, ili na Inchigeelagh..

Akụkọ Kim Newman bụ Vampire Romance (2012) nwere otu ndị okenye vampire na-ezukọta mgbe Count Dracula dara iji njide onye n'ime ha ga-abụ &quot;King of the Cats&quot; ọzọ;  past ahụ na-ezo aka n'ụzọ doro anya na ndị Tom Tildrum.

I'mA na-ezo aka n'akụkọ a na manga / anime, The Ancient Magus' Bride (isi 4-7 / episodes 4-5): Otu nwamba, aha ya bụ Molly, bụ Eze nke nwamba ugbu a, a na-akpọkwa Eze mbụ &quot;Tim&quot;

Ọzọkwa na manga / anime ndị ọzọ, Aria the Natural nke Kozue Amano, e mkpa Cait Sith dị ka otu n'ime ihe odide.  E mmetụta ya dị ka nwamba ojii buru ibu ma na-achị nwamba na Neo-Venezia, na- mmetụta n'ihe ụmụaka nke mmadụ.

A na-ezo aka n'ikiri ahụ ahụ egwuregwu vidio Ni No Kuni ebe View Ding Dong Dell bụ nke nwamba anthropomorphic aha ya bụ Eze Tom Tildrum XIV na-achị.  Onye ibe ya n'ụwa bụ nwamba ụlọ aha ya bụ Timmy Toldrum.

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Asuri''' bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ndị Asur na-asụ, akụkụ nke alaka [[Asụsụ Munda|Munda]] .  Asuri nwere ọtụtụ okwu mbinye Dravidian n'ihi kọntaktị na Kurukh . 

Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Asuri bi na Gumla district nke Chota Nagpur . Na mgbakwunye, enwere obere ìgwè ndị na-asụ Asuri na Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Odisha . 

''Ethnologue'' na-ekwu na ''Birjia'' bụ olumba Asuri, kamakwa na e nwere asụsụ yiri nke Birjia ; o doghị anya ma ọ bụrụ na ndị a na-ezo aka n'otu ihe ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Anderson (2008:195), dabere na Prasad (1961:314), na-atụ aro na Birjia (Binjhia) nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ Indo-Aryan, ọ bụ ezie na Birjia bụ otu agbụrụ agbụrụ nke agbụrụ Asuri, yana ndị Asur kwesịrị ekwesị na Agariya.

Ekewabeghị Majhwar, mana dabere na ọnọdụ yana akara ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike bụrụ olumba Asuri. Ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, ndị na-asụ ya dị puku 35,000 (nke a kọrọ na 1995, sitere na otu agbụrụ nke 175,000) ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụdị Asuri kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.

A na-ewere Asuri dị ka asụsụ dị ize ndụ . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Baskaran|first=S. Ganesh|date=4 April 2015|title=Phonemes of Asuri|journal=Language in India|volume=15|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/april2015/baskaranasuriphonemes.pdf|issn=1930-2940}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ihe dị mkpa mere e ji kewaa ya dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ bụ n'ihi enweghị ụdị ederede ọ bụla nke asụsụ ahụ. Ọ dị naanị dịka asụsụ a na-asụ Enwere ngụkọta fọnịm iri atọ na otu n'asụsụ Asuri, nke mejupụtara fọnịm iri abụọ na isii &quot;segmental&quot; na ise &quot;supra-segmental&quot;. N'ime nke mbụ, e nwere consonants iri abụọ na otu na ụdaume ise. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Edepụtara asụsụ Asur na UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. N'iji redio mkpanaka, ndị obodo Asur, otu agbụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike (PVTG) na Jharkhand, na-agbasawanye asụsụ a na-ewu ewu n'ime oke ala ha. A na-agbasa ozi na mmemme ntụrụndụ na ndị na-ekwu okwu n'ebe ọha na eze. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Barik|first=Satyasundar|date=2020-02-15|title=Radio aids revival of dying tribal language|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/radio-aids-revival-of-dying-tribal-language/article30831074.ece|accessdate=2022-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkesa ala ==
[[File:Numbers in Asuri language.webm|thumb|A young Asur girl from Gumla district of Jharkhand is singing numbers in her native Asuri language, which is an endangered language.]]
''Ethnologue'' depụtara mpaghara na steeti ndị a ebe a na-asụ Asuri.

* Jharkhand : mpaghara ndịda Palamau, mpaghara ugwu Ranchi, mpaghara Gumla, na mpaghara Lohardaga nke Chota Nagpur Plateau.
* Chhattisgarh : mpaghara Raigarh na mpaghara Jashpur
* Odisha : mpaghara Sambalpur
* West Bengal

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Trendupp Awards</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Force_of_Influence_2023_Car_Winner.jpg|Force_of_Influence_2023_Car_Winner.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: Google Lens finds one or more versions of this p</comment>
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      <text bytes="4597" sha1="l34jqy4dyeg1x6xletbdv67j4wfhtev" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vevent&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; |Onyinye Trendupp
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader&quot; |''Ugbu a: Trendupp Awards 2023[[Trendupp Awards 2023|Onyinye Trendupp 2023]]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; | &lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Ike nke Mmetụta 2023 Onye mmeri ụgbọ ala&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;width: 33%;&quot; |E nyere ya maka
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe ndị pụtara ìhè ọ rụzuru na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;width: 33%;&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data location&quot; |[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;width: 33%;&quot; |Nkwupụta site na
| class=&quot;infobox-data attendee&quot; |Trendupp Africa
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;width: 33%;&quot; |Ihe nrite mbụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |4 Julaị 2021&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; Afọ 3 gara aga&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;2021-07-04&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;width: 33%;&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[https://www.trenduppawards.com/ www.trenduppawards.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|}
Onyinye Trendupp bụ emume inye onyinye kwa afụ nke na-amata ihe ndị a rụzuru na ndị mgbasa ozi na-achọ.  [1] [2] Ọ na- ayịm ndị na-iche, ndị na-emetụta, ụdị, na òtù nyere aka dị ihe ama na mgbasa ozi Naijiria site na iche iche, mgbasa, ọrụ, na mpempe.[3]  Trendupp Awards bụ nke Trendup Africa haziri, nke Tiwalola Olanubiuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vanguard Allure 2022 d883&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 May 2022|title=Chipper Cash unveiled as Headline Sponsor of Trendupp Awards 2022! Winners to receive $16000 Cash Prize collectively|url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2022/05/chipper-cash-unveiled-as-headline-sponsor-of-trendupp-awards-2022-winners-to-receive-16000-cash-prize-collectively/|accessdate=5 October 2023|work=Vanguard Allure}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
The Trendupp Awards, nke isiokwu ya bụ 'The Force of Influence' kwa afọ, e akara na 2021 iji kwado ihe ndị dịịrị ama a rụzuru na mgbasa ozi Naijiria.[1]  Onyinye ndị a na-amata ndị na-iche, ndị na-emetụta, na ụdị maka izi ha na-aga n'ihu na mgbasa ozi mgbasa site na ngwaọrụ, ọrụ, na oriọna na nyiwe dị ka Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, Twitter, na Facebook.[2]  Na akara mbụ na 2021, ndị ngosi ahụ ihe ihe dịka nhọpụta 91,000 Gafa ụdị iri na isii, na ndị ọrịa 96 na ndị mmeri iri na isii.  Ihe omume ahụ ikike ndị na-ege ntii nke ihe ụmụaka otu puku puku ndị bịara site na ụgbọ mmiri.[3]  Timini Egbuson akara mbụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-07|title=Broda Shaggi Bagged an Award at the Trendupp Awards – BlueprintAfric|url=https://blueprintafric.com/pop/broda-shaggi-bagged-an-award-at-the-trendupp-awards/|accessdate=2023-09-19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mbipụta nke abụọ mere na Sunday, June 12th, 2022, na Monarch event center na [[Lekki]], Lagos. Onye mepụtara ọdịnaya, onye nwere mmetụta, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri TV bụ Kie Kie kwadoro ihe omume ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-09|title=Kiekie To Host Trendupp Awards – Brand Communicator|url=https://brandcom.ng/2022/06/kiekie-to-host-trendupp-awards/|accessdate=2023-09-15|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye ọbịa ahụ mere isi akụkọ mgbe o yiri ka ọ dara n'elu ikpo okwu n'oge onyinye ahụ, e mesịrị kpughee na ọ bụ ihe ọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Edeme|first=Victoria|date=2022-06-13|title=Comedienne Kie Kie says 'fall' at award show, a prank|url=https://punchng.com/comedienne-kie-kie-says-fall-at-award-show-a-prank/|accessdate=2023-09-15|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị mmeri nke mbipụta nke abụọ nwetara ihe nrite ego $ 1000, ebe onye mmeri nke &quot;ike na-apụta&quot;, naanị ụdị ịtụ vootu, nwetara ihe nritu ego nke $ 1,500.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Macaroni, Lasisi Elenu, Miss Techy, Others Emerge Winners at Trendupp Awards 2022 – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/06/17/macaroni-lasisi-elenu-miss-techy-others-emerge-winners-at-trendupp-awards-2022|accessdate=2023-09-15|work=www.thisdaylive.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=LAWORE|first=MUTIAT|date=2022-06-18|title=Trendupp Awards 2022: Lasisi Elenu, Kiekie, Aproko Doctor, others emerge winners|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/trendupp-awards-2022-lasisi-elenu-kiekie-aproko-doctor-others-emerge-winners/|accessdate=2023-09-15|work=New Telegraph|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Òtù Ndị Pirate (France)</title>
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      <text bytes="6222" sha1="qwfyzacbds7dkg6urcpybrne77dp2zl" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Manif_pro_mariage_LGBT_27012013_43.jpg|thumb|Òtù Ndị Pirate]]
{{Infobox political party|country=France|name=Pirate Party|native_name=Parti pirate (PP)|logo=[[File:LogoPPfr062021.svg|200px|Parti pirate]]|colorcode={{party color|Pirate Party (France)}}|leader1_title=National Secretaries|leader1_name=[https://congressus.partipirate.org/theme.php?id=92 Secrétariat]|leader2_title=Treasurers|leader2_name=[https://congressus.partipirate.org/theme.php?id=91 Conseil de Trésorie et de Comptabilité (CTC)]|leader3_title=Co-National Coordination's secretaries|leader3_name=|leader4_title=Co-Internal Life Delegates|leader4_name=[https://congressus.partipirate.org/theme.php?id=90 Conseil de Vie Interne (CVI)]|leader5_title=Co-Speakers|leader5_name=[https://congressus.partipirate.org/theme.php?id=119 Porte-paroles]|foundation=21 June 2006|ideology={{Nowrap|[[Pirate Party|Pirate politics]]&lt;br /&gt;[[E-democracy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dossier : &quot;Les partis de l'Internet&quot;, condamnés à n'être que des partis de l'Internet? |url=https://www.journaldugeek.com/2014/05/23/dossier-partis-pirate-internet-elections-europeennes/5/ |website=Journal du Geek |access-date=5 June 2018 |language=fr |date=23 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Intellectual property]] reform&lt;br /&gt;Protection of [[privacy]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Environmentalism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://dailygeekshow.com/politique-societe-parti-pirate/|last=Dehorter|first=Nicolas|title=Lumière sur le Parti pirate, le mouvement politique atypique qui séduit de plus en plus en Europe|quote=...le nouveau point de clivage de notre société, après la question de la protection de l’environnement, est le contrôle de l’information et de la technique.|date=10 June 2017|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Civil libertarianism]]}}|position=[[Left-wing]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/elections/europeennes/elections-europeennes-2024-le-parti-pirate-a-labordage-de-leurope-63697a22-1e7d-11ef-9302-e3fef0044a0c | title=Elections européennes 2024 : Le Parti pirate à l'abordage de l'Europe | date=30 May 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|international=[[Pirate Parties International]] (2010-2024)&lt;br /&gt;[[European Pirate Party]]|national={{ubli|[[New Popular Front]]&lt;br&gt;(since 2024)}}|membership=456&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://congressus.partipirate.org/data.php|title = Parti Pirate Congressus}}&lt;/ref&gt;|membership_year=2021|european=|europarl=|youth_wing=[[Pirate Party Youth (France)|Parti pirate Jeunes]] (PPJ)|colours=[[Black]], [[White]]|headquarters=21 Place de la République&lt;br /&gt;75003 [[Paris]]|website=[http://www.partipirate.org partipirate.org]}}{{Pirate Party sidebar|expanded=all}}
Otu Pirate Party (French: Parti pirate, PP) bụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na France dabere na nlereanya nke Pirate Party mba Sweden.

Ndị otu ahụ na-atụ aro ka a gbanwee iwu nwebiisinka, ka e nwee ohere ịnweta ihe ọmụma sayensị n'efu, yana nchebe nke nnwere onwe onye ọbụla. Dị ka ndị pirate ọzọ na Europe, ọ na-ejikọta na European Pirate Party (PPEU). A na-akpọ nzukọ ndị ntorobịa Parti Pirates Jeunes (PPJ; Pirate Party Youth) n'otu n'otu Les Jeunes du Parti pirate (The Youth of Pirate Party).

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Parti_Pirate_-_Premier_coup_de_semonce_electoral.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|&quot;Atụle ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ 2.08%.&quot; (ihe ngosi ntuli aka)&lt;br /&gt;]]
E hiwere otu pati French Pirate na 21 June 2006, gbasara ntuli aka nke Iwu French maka nwebiisinka na ikike emetụtara na Society Information nke a maara nke ọma dị ka DADVSI. N'ihi esemokwu akụkụ ọhụrụ nke Pirate Party pụtara na 2007, nke a na-akpọ Parti pirate français Canal historique (PPFCH). Na 4 Eprel 2009, e bipụtara ntọala Pirate Party dị ka nzukọ na Journal officiel de la République française (peeji 1663, no. 1795)  PP na PPFCH nwere ebumnuche yiri nke ahụ ma jikọta ọnụ n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2009. N'oge arụmụka banyere Iwu HADOPI, otu ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ aha ya bụ Parti pirate français (PPF) pụtara, nke Rémy Cérésiani guzobere. PPF, nke nwere otu akara ngosi jikọtara ya na aha yiri nke PP mechara gbasaa na Septemba 2009.

PP so na ntuli aka ngalaba nke iri nke Yvelines na 20 Septemba 2009, wee nweta votu 472 na agba nke mbụ (ntụgharị: 22.76%), bụ 2.08%. Enweghị ndekọ nke ịtụ vootu na agba nke abụọ (ntugharị: 25.99%), nke onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi UMP meriri.

== Nhọrọ ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2012 ==
Ndị Pirate Party, sonyere na Ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2012 na-ewepụta mmadụ 101.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Peer-to-peer support in the campaign of the Pirate Party|url=http://partipirate.org/blog/com.php?id=1453|publisher=Parti pirate|accessdate=10 June 2012|language=fr|archivedate=18 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818082124/http://partipirate.org/blog/com.php?id=1453}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche ha bụ mmadụ iri ise ka ha nweta ihe karịrị pasentị iri na otu iji nye ha ohere ịnata ego ọha na eze, ha nwetara naanị mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ karịa pasentị otu. Ha nwetara nkezi nke 0.85% gafee mpaghara ha guzo. Nsonaazụ ha kachasị mma na France bụ mpaghara Haut-Rhin na 2.41% mana ngosipụta ha kachasị mma bụ na mpaghara nke asaa nke mba France ebe ha nwetara 2.85%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=No breakthrough in the legislative elections for the Pirate Party|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2012/06/11/pas-de-percee-aux-legislatives-pour-le-parti-pirate_1716154_823448.html|accessdate=11 June 2012|work=Le Monde|date=11 June 2012|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsonaazụ ntuli aka ==

=== Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Europe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Nhọrọ
!Onye ndú
!Nhọrọ
!% 
!oche
!+/−
!Ìgwè EP
|-
!2014
|''Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya''
|39,338
|0.21 (#19)
|{{composition bar|0|79|{{party color|Pirate Party (France)}}}}
|Ihe Ọhụrụ
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |−
|-
!2019
|Florie Marie
|30,105
|0.13 (#18)
|{{composition bar|0|79|{{party color|Pirate Party (France)}}}}
|0{{Steady}}
|-
!2024
|Caroline Zorn
|28,745
|0.12 (#19)
|{{composition bar|0|81|{{party color|Pirate Party (France)}}}}
|0{{Steady}}
|}
{{Clear}}

== Edemsibia ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Susana Feitor</title>
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      <text bytes="8807" sha1="k4ktmyo77yt3iejqfg026t7y0l09zvu" xml:space="preserve">* {{World Athletics}}

[[Faịlụ:SusanaFeitor_01.JPG|thumb|Susana Feitor na 2015 European Race Walking Cup.]]
'''Susana Paula de Jesus Feitor''',&lt;small&gt;DamIH&lt;/small&gt; (amụrụ na 28 onwa Jenụwarị afọ 1975) bụ onye Portugal na-agba ọsọ. A mụrụ ya na Alcobertas.
[[File:SusanaFeitor 02.JPG|thumb|Susana Feitor]]
== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{POR}}
|-
|1990
|[[1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgaria]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; | 1st
|5000 m
|[[1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres walk|21:44.30]]
|-
|1991
|[[1991 World Championships in Athletics - Women's 10 km Walk|World Championships]]
|[[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|17th
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1991 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 10 kilometres walk|45:37]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1992
|[[Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] 
|[[Barcelona]], Spain
|&amp;mdash;
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics - Women's 10 km walk|DSQ]]
|-
|[[1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]
| —
|5000 m
|[[1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres walk|DQ]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1993
|[[1993 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]] 
|[[Monterrey]], Mexico
|8th
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1993 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 10 km|46:28]]
|-
|[[1993 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Stuttgart]], Germany
|11th
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1993 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 10 kilometres walk|45:06]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1994
|[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Lisbon]], Portugal
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; | 2nd
|5000 m
|[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres walk|21:12.87]]
|-
|[[1994 European Championships in Athletics|European Championships]] 
|[[Helsinki]], Finland
|8th
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1994 European Athletics Championships – Women's 10 kilometres walk|43:47]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1995
|[[1995 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]]
|17th
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1995 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 10 kilometres walk|44:25]]
|-
|[[1995 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Beijing]], [[China]]
|16th
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1995 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 10 km|44:25]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1996
|[[1996 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]]
|[[A Coruña]], [[Spain]]
|bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot; | 3rd
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1996 European Race Walking Cup#Women's 10 km|43:41]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] 
|[[Atlanta]], [[United States]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 13th
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 kilometres walk|44:24]]
|-
|rowspan=3|1997
|[[1997 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Poděbrady]], [[Czech Republic]]
| —
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1997 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 10 km|DNF]]
|-
|[[1997 European Athletics U23 Championships|European U23 Championships]]
|[[Turku]], Finland
|bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot; | 3rd
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1997 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's 10 kilometres walk|44:26]]
|-
|[[1997 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Athens]], [[Greece]]
|22nd (h)
|10,000 m
|[[1997 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 10 kilometres walk|45:00.77]]
|-
|1998
|[[1998 European Championships in Athletics|European Championships]]
|[[Budapest]], Hungary
|bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot; | 3rd
|10&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1998 European Athletics Championships – Women's 10 kilometres walk|42:55]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1999
|[[1999 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Seville]], [[Spain]]
|4th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1999 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:31:23]]
|-
|[[1999 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Mézidon-Canon]], [[France]]
|9th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[1999 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:30:13]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2000
|[[2000 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]] 
|[[Eisenhüttenstadt]], [[Germany]]
|&amp;mdash;
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2000 European Race Walking Cup#20 km walk 2|DNF]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Sydney]], Australia
|14th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:33:53]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2001
|[[2001 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]] 
|[[Dudince]], [[Slovakia]]
|&amp;mdash;
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2001 European Race Walking Cup#20 km walk 2|DSQ]]
|-
|[[2001 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] 
|[[Edmonton]], [[Canada]]
|&amp;mdash;
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2001 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|DSQ]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2002
|[[2002 European Championships in Athletics|European Championships]] 
|[[Munich]], [[Germany]]
|&amp;mdash;
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2002 European Athletics Championships – Women's 20 kilometres walk|DNF]]
|-
|[[2002 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Turin]], [[Italy]]
|14th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2002 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:32:57]]
|-
|2003
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Paris]], France
|9th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:30:15]]
|-
|2004
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] 
|[[Athens]], Greece
|20th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:32:47]]
|-
|rowspan=3|2005
|rowspan=2|[[2005 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]]
|rowspan=2|[[Miskolc]], [[Hungary]]
|bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; | 2nd
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2005 European Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:29:01]]
|-
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|Team - 20&amp;nbsp;km
|25 pts
|-
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]
|bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot; | 3rd
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:28:44]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|[[2006 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[A Coruña]], [[Spain]]
| —
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2006 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|DNF]]
|-
|[[2006 European Championships in Athletics|European Championships]]
|[[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]]
|14th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2006 European Athletics Championships – Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:32:19]]
|-
|2007
|[[2007 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Osaka]], [[Japan]]
|5th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2007 World Championships in Athletics - Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:32:01]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2008
|[[2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]] 
|[[Cheboksary]], [[Russia]]
|10th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:29:38]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Beijing]], [[China]]
|&amp;mdash;
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|DNF]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2009
|[[2009 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Metz]], France
|&amp;mdash;
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2009 European Race Walking Cup#20 km walk 2|DNF]]
|-
|[[2009 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Berlin]], Germany
|10th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2009 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:32:42]]
|-
|2010
|[[2010 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Chihuahua City|Chihuahua]], [[Mexico]]
|16th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2010 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:37:58]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2011
|[[2011 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Olhão]], [[Portugal]]
|9th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2011 European Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:32:43]]
|-
|[[2011 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Daegu]], [[South Korea]]
|6th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2011 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|1:31:26]]
|-
|2012
|[[2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Saransk]], [[Russia]]
|65th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:42:48]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2013
|rowspan=2|[[2013 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]]
|rowspan=2|[[Dudince]], [[Slovakia]]
|31st
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2013 European Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:39:22]]
|-
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|Team - 20&amp;nbsp;km
|23 pts
|-
|2014
|[[2014 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]]
|[[Taicang]], [[China]]
|17th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2014 IAAF World Race Walking Cup#Women's 20 km|1:28:51]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2015
|rowspan=2|[[2015 European Race Walking Cup|European Race Walking Cup]]
|rowspan=2|[[Murcia]], [[Spain]]
|19th
|20&amp;nbsp;km
|[[2015 European Race Walking Cup#Women's 20km|1:31:58]]
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot;|3rd
|Team - 20&amp;nbsp;km
|38 pts
|}

== Ihe odide ==

* {{World Athletics}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gbubemi Ejeye</title>
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      <text bytes="8594" sha1="pw5r6rsy44mfm85nx4k8shctfarlg74" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Oritsegbubemi Temitope Ejeye (''' (a mụrụ na 29 Jun 1994) nke a maara n'ọrụ dịka '''Gbubemi Ejeye''' bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na onye a na-elere elere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Top Charts Africa unveils ‘Actors to Watch’ list for 2024|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/05/top-charts-africa-unveils-actors-to-watch-list-for-2024/amp/|work=Vanguard News}}&lt;/ref&gt; O rụrụ ọrụ izizi ya na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na Rickety n'afọ 2019. A maara ya maka ọrụ ya na Citation, Farmer's Bride, All's Fair In Love na Far From Home.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Udodiong|first=Inemesit|date=2022-12-12|title='Far From Home': Gbubemi Ejeye on playing Adufe in Netflix’s young adult series|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/far-from-home-gbubemi-ejeye-on-playing-adufe-in-netflixs-young-adult-series/1pppj7l|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2024-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914144722/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/far-from-home-gbubemi-ejeye-on-playing-adufe-in-netflixs-young-adult-series/1pppj7l}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2024-10-07|title=From Far From Home to Farmer’s Bride…The remarkable Rise of Gbubemi, Nollywood’s new voice|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/life-a-style/from-far-from-home-to-farmers-bridethe-remarkable-rise-of-gbubemi-nollywoods-new-voice/|accessdate=2024-10-08|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Ejeye na 29 Jun 1994, na Lagos, Nigeria, nye Maazị na Oriakụ Ejeye. Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ya na Lagos, mana ọ bụ onye Delta State ma bụrụ onye agbụrụ Itsekiri si na mpaghara South-South nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ige|first=Tofarati|date=2023-04-29|title=I studied law to please my dad — Gbubemi Ejeye|url=https://punchng.com/i-studied-law-to-please-my-dad-gbubemi-ejeye/|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ejeye gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Home Science Association Nursery na Primary School, [[Ikoyi]]; ma mesịa gafee na Charret Primary School. Ọ gara Oluade High School, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ debara aha ya na Mahadum Houdegbe North America dị na [[Benin|Republic of Benin]], ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'iwu n'afọ 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Udodiong|first=Inemesit|date=2023-06-21|title=Genoveva Umeh and Gbubemi Ejeye talk exciting 'MTV Shuga Naija' season 5|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/genoveva-umeh-and-gbubemi-ejeye-talk-exciting-mtv-shuga-naija-season-5/rjbs4k8|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum, Ejeye laghachiri Naijiria wee sonye na mmemme National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). Mgbe ọ gachara, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, nke mechara mee ka ọ chụsoo ọrụ ime ihe nkiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I Was a Stubborn Child with Lots of Stories – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/02/i-was-a-stubborn-child-with-lots-of-stories/|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya malitere na Nọvemba 2018 site na ime ihe nkiri na Color Me Pink na Terra Kulture, egwuregwu na-elekwasị anya na mmata ọrịa kansa ara. Oge izizi a nyere ya ohere ịbanye na ụlọ ọrụ ime ihe nkiri Naijiria, [[Nollywood]]. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ malitere iso na nnwale maka ọrụ ihe nkiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gbubemi Ejeye - Nollywire|url=https://nollywire.com/names/gbubemi-ejeye/|accessdate=2024-10-08|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ejeye apụtala na fim dị iche iche. N'afọ 2022, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka Eniola na oge nke abụọ nke usoro webụ [[Ndani TV]] Game On. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ soro na ndị mere ihe nkiri AM Covenant, na-aza Talia. Ejeye nwetakwara nkwado maka ọrụ ya dị ka Adufe na usoro Netflix bụ &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwRQ&quot;&gt;Far Frọm Home.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

N'afọ 2023, a kpọrọ aha ya dịka onye ga-eso mee ihe nkiri maka MTV ''Shuga Naija'' Season 5. N'afọ 2024, ọ pụtara n'ige nkiri Farmer's Bride dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi na ihe nkiri ahụ, yana [[Tobi Bakre]], Femi Branch, Mercy Aigbe na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eti-Inyene|first=Brooks|date=2024-10-01|title=‘Farmer’s Bride' on ₦37 million, becomes second highest-grossing movie this weekend|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/farmers-bride-on-naira37-million-becomes-second-highest-grossing-movie-this-weekend/k7tv85g|accessdate=2024-10-08|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Nkwupụta
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2024
|''Nwunye Onye Ọrụ Ugbo''
|Funmi
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shehu|first=Idris|date=2024-09-28|title=Lisabi, Farmer's Bride... 10 movies you should see this weekend|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/lisabi-farmers-bride-10-movies-you-should-see-this-weekend/|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eti-Inyene|first=Brooks|date=2024-07-09|title=See the teaser for Filmone's 'Farmer’s Bride' with Tobi Bakre, Efe Irele, Gbubemi Ejeye|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/see-the-teaser-for-filmones-farmers-bride-with-tobi-bakre-efe-irele/yg7ff3k|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2024-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724121233/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/see-the-teaser-for-filmones-farmers-bride-with-tobi-bakre-efe-irele/yg7ff3k|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Eze Nwanyị Lateefah''
|Rhodes
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dan-Awoh|first=Deborah|date=2024-10-02|title=Nollywood: Queen Lateefah, Farmer’s Bride gross N95.3 million in opening weekend|url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/10/02/nollywood-queen-lateefah-farmers-bride-gross-n95-3-million-in-opening-weekend/?amp=1|accessdate=2024-10-08|work=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Onye omekome''
|Dr. Gbemi
|
|-
|''Ihe niile mara mma hụrụ n'anya''
|Ọnyà
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Deyemi Okanlawon’s cinema debut ‘All’s fair in love’ hit N27 million|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/deyemi-okanlawons-cinema-debut-alls-fair-in-love-hit-n27-million/amp/|work=The Nation Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023
|''Ụlọ Nzuzo''
|Nwa agbọghọ Mrs. Lawal
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Akinmolayan’s ‘House of Secrets’ Shows off Stellar Cast – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/05/20/akinmolayans-house-of-secrets-shows-off-stellar-cast/|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Shuga (Usoro TV)|''Shuga'']]
|Mohini
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2022
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwlA&quot;&gt;Ebe E Si N'Ebe E Si Nweta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Ụgwọ
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Udodiong|first=Inemesit|date=2022-12-25|title=Mike Afolarin, Gbubemi Ejeye &amp; Bolanle Ninalowo talk Netflix’s ‘Far From Home’ [Pulse Interview]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/mike-afolarin-gbubemi-ejeye-and-bolanle-ninalowo-talk-netflixs-far-from-home-pulse/db1j9c3|accessdate=2024-09-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Ọgbụgba ndụ''
|Ogologo
|
|-
|''Ihe Na-akpali Akpali''
|Ann
|
|-
|''Ntọala 2''
|Nkoyo
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gbubemi Ejeye {{!}} Actress, Production Manager, Additional Crew|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm11319658/|accessdate=2024-10-08|work=IMDb|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Ihe Ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ''
|Benita
|
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwtw&quot;&gt;Ụmụ agbọghọ mara mma&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Celeste
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2021
|''Ọnụ ụzọ Ndị E Jiha Na-abụghị''
|Anael
|
|-
|''Otu Ụzọ''
|Ronke
|
|-
|''Onye Nwanyị ahụ''
|Dr Winnie
|
|-
|''[[Otu abalị Lagos]]''
|Ada
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Netflix acquires Mekwunye’s film &quot;One Lagos Night&quot;|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/05/12/netflix-acquires-mekwunyes-film-one-lagos-night/?amp=1|work=PMNews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mw3A&quot;&gt;Ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Rachel
|
|-
|''Otu onye''
|Kiki
|
|-
|''Ụmụ nwanyị''
|Idara
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Who's the Boss (2020 film)|Ònye bụ Onye isi]]''
|Nwaanyị mara mma 1
|
|-
|2020
|''A na-eme ya''
|Esta
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''AMCOP: Cladestine''
|Dubra
|
|-
|''Ịgba chaa chaa''
|Ivy
|
|-
|2019
|''Adaife''
|
|
|}

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ejeye, Gbubemi}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gaëtan Mootoo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-15T19:35:06Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Spacing (via JWB)</comment>
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      <text bytes="9507" sha1="8ygoc7lsrom6qly8vx6oz5c4w8vx341" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Gaëtan Mootoo
| image               = 
| width               = 200px
| office              = West Africa [[researcher]] for [[Amnesty International]]
| term_start          = 
| term_end            = 
| office2             = 
| termstart2          = 
| termend2            = 
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = 
| birth_date          = 29 September 1952
| birth_place         = [[Curepipe]]
| death_date          = {{d-da|25 May 2018|29 September 1952}}
| death_place         = [[Paris]]
| birth_name          = Gaëtan Mootoo
| nationality         = {{flag | Mauritius}}
| party               = 
| spouse              = Martyne Perrot (1985)
| residence           = [[Paris]]
| alma_mater          = [[University of Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis]] [[Science education]]
| occupation          = West Africa [[researcher]] for [[Amnesty International]]
| signature           = 
| website             = 
}}

'''Gaëtan Mootoo''' (29 Septemba 1952 - 25 Mee 2018) bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ nke Mauritius, onye nyocha maka West Africa na nzukọ Amnesty International.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edwy-plenel/blog/100618/gaetan-mootoo-1952-2018-elegance-one-just|title=Gaëtan Mootoo (1952–2018), the elegance of one of the just|author=Plenel|first=Edwy|work=Club de Mediapart|accessdate=2019-06-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
N'ịbụ onye sitere na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye nke Curepipe, ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi ma tinye aka na òtù ọha na eze na obodo ya: Institute for Development and Progress, Fiat movement, Christian Movement for Socialism. Na 1978, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis, isiokwu bụ akwụkwọ French wee gụchaa nzere ya na agụmakwụkwọ Sayensị. Ọ kwaliteziri sayensị na Mauritius.

== Na-arụ ọrụ na Amnesty International ==
Mgbe ọ lụrụ Martyne Perrot (1985), ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na CNRS, Amnesty International goro ya na 1986 wee ghọọ onye nyocha maka nzukọ a, na-elekọta West Africa. Ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, ọ nyochara mmegbu, ikpe na-ezighị ezi, mpụ obodo na mmebi iwu ndị ruuru mmadụ (mmekpa ahụ, ịgba ohu, alụmdi na nwunye mmanye, wdg) n'akụkụ ụwa a, karịsịa na Chad, na Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, ma kwuo okwu maka ndị a na-emegbu emegbu.

Na Febụwarị 1998, Amnesty bipụtara ụjọ na Casamance, otu n'ime nyocha pụrụiche nke mbụ Mootoo mere. Akụkọ ahụ kọwapụtara omume ọjọọ nke ma ndị agha Senegal na nke ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe nke mpaghara ndịda Senegal. Onye isi ala Abdou Diouf kwuru, &quot;Ọ bụ ngwugwu ụgha na esemokwu. &quot;Amnesty International bụ ụyọkọ ndị omempụ enweghị ọrụ.&quot;

Mee 1999, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị nchọpụta abụọ ọzọ, Mootoo nọ n'azụ akụkọ banyere ọchịchị Togo nke Gnassingbe Eyadema na-achị bụ nke kwuru na otu afọ tupu mgbe ahụ, n'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala nke June 1998, a tụbarala ọtụtụ narị ndị mmegide agbụ aka n'ụgbọelu n'ime oké osimiri. Jacques Chirac, onye na-akwado Gnassingbe Eyadema, katọrọ akụkọ ahụ dị ka mgbalị nke aghụghọ, ebe ndị ọchịchị na Lomé na-eyi egwu ime ihe gbasara iwu megide Amnesty.

Dị ka otu onye na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Senegal, Alioune Tine si kwuo, &quot;Gaëtan nwere akụkụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mbọ ya enyewokwa nnukwu onyinye na usoro mgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'Africa.&quot;

== Igbu onwe ya na ụgwọ nzuzo nke Amnesty nye ezinụlọ Mootoo ==
Mootoo gburu onwe ya n'ụlọ ọrụ Amnesty International's Paris n'abalị nke 25 Mee 2018, [1] na-ajụ ajụjụ maka mmebi ọnọdụ ọrụ na Amnesty International.[2] Ndị ọchịchị France ekpebiela na ọnwụ Mootoo bụ ihe mberede n'ebe ọrụ na nyocha nke James Laddie, QC, ọkachamara n'iwu ọrụ, kwuru na &quot;oke ọdịda nke njikwa&quot; so na-egbu onwe ya.

Ajụjụ dị n'ime, nke Amnesty France bidoro na-eso arịrịọ sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ ibe Mootoo wee bipụta ya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2018, na-akwado na nhazigharị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Amnesty International ebutela mmebi nke omume na mwepu nke ndị nyocha ubi dịka Gaetan Mootoo.[1] Akwụkwọ sitere na ajụjụ Amnesty France kwubiri na odeakwụkwọ mba ụwa, ndị na-ewe Mootoo ọrụ, &quot;arụghị ọrụ nkwado zuru oke&quot;. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ kwubiri, sị: &quot;Gaëtan Mootoo ahụghị ihe ngwọta iji gbanwee mgbanwe dị iche iche nke ndị odeakwụkwọ mba ụwa, bụ ndị na-arụghị ọrụ nkwado zuru oke, nke gaara eme ka ọ chọta ọnọdụ ya na nzukọ ọhụrụ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ rịọrọ ugboro ugboro maka enyemaka n'emeghị ihe ndị kwesịrị ekwesị iji gboo mkpa ya. &quot;

N'akụkọ ọzọ Amnesty International nyere onye ọka iwu London, James Laddie, Laddie dere, sị, &quot;O juru m anya ịhụ na Gaëtan ji n'aka na ọ ga-eche ihu n'ókè ụfọdụ nke iro na-arụ ọrụ. Kpọmkwem, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ya na osote onye isi nke ngalaba French adịghị mma. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị akaebe si kwuo, ọ gbaghị mbọ ọ bụla na nkwanye ùgwù, ọ gbara ndị ọrụ ibe ya ume ka ha leghara ya anya n'oge ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ọrụ nke Gaëtan. karịsịa na-akpọ ya 'hobo'.&quot; Ntụle Laddie kwuru na njikwa Mootoo achọtaghị ọrụ zuru oke maka ya na nzukọ a kama ọ họọrọ ileghara onye nyocha anya. &quot;Ọ dịghị ụlọ a chọtara maka Mootoo ịrụ ụfọdụ ụdị ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ onye nyocha ọrụ nke a ga-eji onyinye ya na ahụmahụ ya arụ ọrụ nke ọma.&quot; &quot;A tụlere ohere nke ọrụ dị otú ahụ, na&lt;...&gt; Minar Pimple jụrụ Anna Neistat (Onye isi nchịkwa maka nyocha) ọtụtụ oge ma enwere ike ịchọta ọrụ maka Gaëtan n'ime Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchọpụta.

Nyocha abụọ nke ọnwụ Mootoo sochiri nyocha nke otu Konterra nwere otu ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ. Ọ bụ ndị odeakwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Amnesty, onye na-arụrụ ọrụ Mootoo ọrụ nyere ọrụ nyocha a. Akụkọ Konterra kwuru na Amnesty International nwere omenala ọrụ na-egbu egbu nakwa na ndị ọrụ na-ekwukarị okwu gbasara ahụike uche na anụ ahụ dịka nsonaazụ nke ọrụ ha na-arụ na nzukọ ahụ. N'ịkọwa nke a na akụkọ ahụ kwuru na mmegbu, mmechuihu ọha na mmegbu ndị ọzọ nke ikike bụ ebe a na-emekarị na omume nke ndị ọrụ Amnesty.[1][2] Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 2019 mmadụ ise n'ime ndị otu asaa n'ime ndị isi otu ndị isi na Amnesty's international secretariat hapụrụ nzukọ ahụ na ngwugwu &quot;mmesapụ aka&quot; ngwungwu ọrụ.[3] Nke a gụnyere Anna Neistat, onye bụ onye isi njikwa Gaetan Mootoo bụ onye metụtara ozugbo na akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya na ọnwụ Mootoo.

Mgbe o nwebeghị onye njikwa ndị na-ahụ maka mmegbu na Amnesty ka a ga-aza ajụjụ, otu ndị ọrụ rịọrọ ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu Amnesty Kumi Naidoo gbaa arụkwaghịm. Na 5 Disemba 2019 Naidoo gbara arụkwaghịm na ọkwa odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Amnesty na-ekwu maka ahụike na-adịghị mma [1] wee họpụta Julie Verhaar ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nwa oge. N'arịrịọ ha, ndị ọrụ chọkwara ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm ozugbo.

Na Septemba 2020 The Times kọrọ na Amnesty International kwụrụ £ 800,000 maka ịkwụ ụgwọ maka igbu onwe onye n'ebe ọrụ nke Mootoo ma chọọ ka ezinụlọ ya debe nkwekọrịta ahụ na nzuzo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/law/article/amnestys-secret-800-000-payout-after-suicide-of-gaetan-mootoo-lqnq79c99|title=Amnesty's secret £800,000 payout after suicide of Gaetan Mootoo|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|accessdate=2020-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nwetara nkwekọrịta tupu ikpe n'etiti Secretariat International nke Amnesty na London na nwunye Motoo na ọnọdụ na ọ na-edebe nkwekọrịta ahụ na nzuzo site na ịbịanye aka na NDA. Emere nke a karịsịa iji gbochie ikwurịta okwu na ndị nta akụkọ ma ọ bụ na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. The Times kwenyere na ụgwọ ahụ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu nke Amnesty nyere n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ma ga-enye nkwado maka nwunye Maazị Mootoo, [[Martyne Perrot]], na nwa ya nwoke, Robin. Maazị Perrot tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ụlọ ikpe maka omume Amnesty mana nkwekọrịta ahụ zere ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke nwere ike imebi aha ya. Ndokwa ahụ dugara na nkatọ na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, na ndị mmadụ na-ajụ ihe mere otu dị ka Amnesty ga-eji kwado iji nkwekọrịta na-ekpugheghị. Shaista Aziz, onye guzobere otu nkwado ụmụ nwanyị NGO Safe Space, jụrụ na Twitter ihe mere &quot;òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'ụwa&quot; ji were nkwekọrịta ndị dị otú ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/amnesty-international-criticised-using-non-disclosure-agreement-relation-alleged-800k-payment/governance/article/1695969|title=Amnesty International criticised for using non-disclosure agreement in relation to alleged £800k payment|work=www.thirdsector.co.uk/|language=en|accessdate=2020-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maghị ebe ego ahụ si. Amnesty kwuru na ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ezinụlọ Motoo &quot;agaghị eme site na onyinye ma ọ bụ ụgwọ ndị otu&quot;.

== Edemsibia ==
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    <title>Alireza Farshi</title>
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      <text bytes="25247" sha1="aphh92a33fawua1n7wdkdljjwtb7ax0" xml:space="preserve"> [[Faịlụ:Əlirza Fərşi 2023.jpg|thumb|Alireza Farshi]]

'''Alireza Farshi''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị mba Azerbaijan nke Iran. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Iran jidere ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran na Febụwarị 21, 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227011954/https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archivedate=February 27, 2021|title=Non-Persian Mother Languages Treated as &quot;National Security Threat&quot; in Iran|date=February 26, 2021|publisher=iranhumanrights.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise  na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa n'obodo Bagh-e Malek na mpaghara Khuzestan.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;44&quot; href=&quot;./Amnesty_International&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Amnesty International&quot;&gt;Amnesty International]]&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;accessdate&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;March 8, 2022&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;language&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;en&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzQ\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt8\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzg\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20210411014338/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzw\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Caught in a web of repression: Iran's human rights defenders under attack\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;cx-link\&quot; data-linkid=\&quot;102\&quot; href=\&quot;./Amnesty_International\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0A\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:WikiLink\&quot; title=\&quot;Amnesty International\&quot;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. September 29, 2017. Archived from&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0Q\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;the original&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; on April 11, 2021&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0g\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved&lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0w\&quot;&gt;March 8,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2022&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Alireza_Farshi#cite_note-2&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche n'ihi na enweghị ihe omempụ ọbụla n'ọrụ ya, yana n'ihi nchebe nke ikike mmadụ na ikike nke asụsụ amaala ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya na òtù ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Òtù &quot;Kəndimiz&quot; (English:  Our Village), nke na-anakọta ma na-ekesara ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na obodo nta dị iche iche Na Azerbaijan nke Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804090148/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=August 4, 2020|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|date=June 6, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Banyere Ya ==

=== Ndụ na ọrụ ===

A mụrụ Alireza Farshi na 1979 n'obodo Dizaj Yekan nke Marand. Nna ya nwụrụ n'agha Iran-Iraq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080144/https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Ali Məhkəmə Əlirəza Fərşinin işinə yenidən baxılması tələbini rədd etdi|date=August 6, 2021|publisher=iranwire.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Teknụzụ Sharif na 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105074240/https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi ilə görüş; güneyli milli-mədəni fəalın qısa bioqrafiyası|date=February 8, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGhhaZkgL08|title=Əlirza Fərşi haqqında|author=GünAz TV|date=February 20, 2021|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ injinia kọmputa. O mechara nweta nzere masta site na Mahadum Tehran . Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;Yol&quot;, nke e bipụtara na Azerbaijani Turkish na Mahadum Tehran. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ biri na Tabriz otu afọ. O mechara malite ịkụzi na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114070325/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi universitetdən uzaqlaşdırıldı|author=|date=September 24, 2010|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ nkuzi ya, o guzobere òtù &quot;Our Village&quot; Foundation, nke na-anakọta ma na-enye ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na n'imeobodo dị iche iche na Azerbaijan nke Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114081008/https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=İranda fəallara qarşı amansız münasibət|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere n'onwe ya n'ikesa akwụkwọ ndị a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114075726/https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşinin hansı ittiham üzrə saxlandığı barədə yayılan xəbərlər təkzib edilir / Təhlükəsizlik qüvvələri fəala qarşı kobud davranıb|author=|date=January 22, 2020|publisher=gamac.info|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ime afọ ndị ọ rụrụ ọrụ, &quot;Our Village&quot; Foundation enyewo ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka ndị bi n'ọtụtụ obodo.   [7&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080110/https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=&quot;Kəndimiz Vəqfi&quot; Mərənd kəndlərinə yüzlərcə türkcə kitab bağışlayıb|author=|date=June 12, 2018|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;][9&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216120731/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|author=|date=June 13, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080832/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Urmiyada mədəni fəallar məktəblərin açılışı ərəfəsində türkcə kitablar paylayır|date=September 16, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nwuchi ys na ọrụ ndị ọzọ so ===
A nwụchiri ya na Mee 2009 ya na nwunye ya, Sima Didar,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bijan Baharan|title=The Hidden Side of Iran: Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities|year=2010|location=[[Paris]]|publisher=[[International Federation for Human Rights]]|url=https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/IrandiscrimLDDHI545a.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'oge ngagharị iw na El Golu Square nke Tabriz maka agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.azadliq.org/a/1737242.html|title=Təbrizdə dövlət bayramında etirazlar|author=[[Khadija Ismayilova]]|date=May 22, 2009|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216122853/https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Təbrizdə qan töküldü|author=|date=May 23, 2009|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ikpe mara ha ikpe otu afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ikpe nke abụọ belatara njide ha ruo ọnwa isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303053524/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archivedate=March 3, 2021|title=İran azərbaycanlı fəal Əlirza Fərşi üniversitet müəllimliyindən azad edilib|author=Insafali Hidayat|date=October 17, 2010|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2010, a chụpụrụ ya n'ọkwa nkuzi ya na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mgbe a kpọfere ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz, a tọhapụrụ ya nwa oge na mgbapụta. A nwụchiri ya ọzọ na 2011 ma kpọga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz.

N'afọ 2014, e jidere ya na Akbar Azad, Behnam Sheikh, Hamid Manafi Nadarli, Mahmud Ojagli, Rustam Kazimpur, Mansur Fathi na Aziz Farshi maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/linguistic-activists/1892647.html|title=Tehranda həbsdə olan türk fəalların durumu ağırdır|date=2014-04-14|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=2022-03-08|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa na Bagh Malik, mpaghara Khuzestan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006035151/https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archivedate=2022-10-06|title=2017 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Iran|date=2018|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|accessdate=2023-03-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091000/https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=İranda 4 azərbaycanlı fəal 45 il həbs və 8 il sürgünə məhkum edildi|date=February 22, 2017|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091200/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Beynəlxalq Ana Dili Günündə saxlanılan güney azərbaycanlı fəalların həbs qərarı icraya qoyulur|date=March 18, 2020|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọnwa abụọ gasịrị mgbe e jidere ha, a kpọfere ndị na-eme mkpọsa Akbar Azad na Alireza Farshi, ndị a ejichiri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Tehran, gaa n'ọ́dụ̀ ndị agha nke narị atọ na ise siri ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423024738/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archivedate=April 23, 2021|title=Azərbaycanlı fəallar Evin zindanının daha sərt korpusuna köçürülüb|date=April 22, 2014|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 22, 2021, Alireza Farshi kwupụtara na ọ ga-anọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ iji mee mkpesa megide mkpebi ikpe obi ọjọọ na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ndị ọkàikpe n'ụlọ ikpe nke Islamic Republic nke Iran, yana ịnapụ ndị Turkey agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala n'ụlọ akwụkwọ gasị. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Abbas Lisani sonyekwara n'òtù ahụ iji kwado Alireza Farshi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082956/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi və Abbas Lisani aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=September 25, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105131100/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Two jailed Azeri rights activists begin hunger strike in Iran|date=September 24, 2021|publisher=middleeastmonitor.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, o degaara ndị ọrụ ụlọ ikpe akwụkwọ ozi n'ụzọ doro anya n'ihe gbasara ịnapụ ha ikike ịpụ. N'akwụkwọ ozi ya, ọ chọrọ ka a tọhapụ ya na ezumike ma gwọọ ya n'èzí ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-akọwa oke ọrịa ya, mkpa ọ dị ịwa ya anya na nchọpụta ya nke ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ ya. Ọ katọkwara mkpọrọ a tụrụ ya maka ịga emume International Mother Language Day yana maka ọrụ ya na ikike nke asụsụ Turkey na agbụrụ n'okpuru iwu, na-ekwu na a gụpụụrụ ya naanị ụbọchị atọ n'oge ọnwa iri abụọ ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-mektub/6316835.html|title=Əlirza Fərşi məhkəməyə açıq məktub ünvanlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=November 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Disemba 12, 2021, Alireza Farshi, onye nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tehran dị ukwuu, malitere ịnọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ. N'akwụkwọ ozi o si n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dee, o kwuru na ịnọ agụụ ahụ bụ iji mee mkpesa maka mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ọtịta nke ọdọ mmiri Urmia, ịtụfu unyi n'ime Osimiri Araz, ọnọdụ ndụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị nkuzi, enweghị ọrụ dị na Azerbaijan, na nrụgide iwu na-akwadoghị na ndị na-eme mkpọsa na mba Azerbaijan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212194425/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archivedate=December 12, 2021|title=Əlirza Fərşi 3 günlük aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=December 12, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngagharị iwe megide njichi ya ===
Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ n'ihi akọ na uche ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya ozugbo n'ihi na o nweghị ihe ndekọ mpụ ma na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ na ikike asụsụ amaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archivedate=July 22, 2021|title=Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi|date=July 20, 2021|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. [[Amnesty International]]. July 20, 2021. Archived from [https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/ the original] on July 22, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 8,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Mee 2021, òtù Erk-Azerbaijan na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ zigaara UN akwụkwọ ozi nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Nledo ọnọdụ nke ndị mkpọrọ ọdịbendị Azerbaijan&quot;. N'akwụkwọ ozi a, ha gosipụtara nchegbu banyere ọnọdụ Alireza Farshi. A chọpụtara na Alireza Farshi nwere ọrịa shuga n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọnọdụ ya kakwara njọ n'ihi enweghị ọgwụgwọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ ezie na anya ya adịghị mma ma chọọ ka a waa ya awa, ọ nwetabeghị ohere ọ bụla maka ọgwụgwọ na ịwa ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114082245/https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbusla bağlı yenidən Birləşmiş millətlər təşkilatına müraciət edildi|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba ahụ kesara akwụkwọ mpịakọta n'okporo ámá Tabriz na-achọ ka a tọhapụ onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Alireza Farshi. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe madochara akwụkwọ mmado na akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Alireza Farshi, a mara mmadụ a ikpe nnwere onwe&quot;, &quot;Ncheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ ọma maka dike mba Azerbaijan Turkic, Nna Babek&quot; na mgbidi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Tabriz ma kesaa ha n'etiti ndị bi na ya. Na mgbakwunye, na Julaị 5, e mere ngagharị iwe na Marand iji kwado Alireza Farshi na megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi megide ya. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị nke obodo Marand kesara akwụkwọ mmado &quot;Ndụ Alireza Farshi nọ n'ihe ize ndụ&quot;, &quot;Ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Azerbaijan bụ akara uhie anyị&quot; ma kwụnye ọkọlọtọ na àkwà mmiri obodo ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080545/https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Milli fəallar Təbrizdə aksiya keçirdi: Əlirza Fərşiyə azadlıq tələb olunub|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082627/https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Mərənddə azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək məqsədilə böyük banner asıldı|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=gadtb.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Julaị 16, 2021, òtù iri na asatọ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ wepụtara nkwupụta ha jikọrọ aka ọnụ kwuo iji kwado Alireza Farshi. Na nkwupụta ha, ha kwuru na Alireza Farshi nwetara mmeso omume obi ọjọọ, obi ịta mmiri na nke na-eweda mmadụ n'ala n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ nataghị nlekọta ahụike ọ chọrọ. Ha kpọrọ ndị ọrụ nke Islamic Republic nke Iran ka ha mee ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chebe ndụ na ahụike Alireza Farshi ma nye ya nlekọta ahụike pụrụ iche dị ka ọ dị mkpa. Ha chọkwara ka a tọhapụ Alireza Farshi ozugbo na n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, yana ikpe ndị biri ya ebubo iwu na-akwadoghị na mmeso ọjọọ ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716183834/https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archivedate=July 16, 2021|title=Press Release Regarding the Situation of Mr. Alireza Farshi, the imprisoned Azerbaijani Turks' Human and Civil Rights Activist in Iran|date=July 16, 2021|publisher=united4iran.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717193706/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archivedate=July 17, 2021|title=18 insan haqları qrupundan Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək bəyanatı|date=July 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, onye UN Special Rapporteur n'ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ na Iran, Javid Rahman, nyere akụkọ ya ọzọ gbasara mmebi ikike mmadụ na Iran nye Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN. O kwuru na akụkọ dị peeji iri abụọ na ise na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị obodo Turkey dị ka Abbas Lisani na Alireza Farshi na Iran Azerbaijan bụ ndị a lekwasịrị anya maka ịgbachitere ikike ndị ka nta, nakwa na e metọrọ Alireza Garshi mmetọ nke anụ ahụ ma mesoo ya omume ọjọọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824112604/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archivedate=August 24, 2021|title=BMT-nin xüsusi məruzəçisi yeni hesabatında Abbas Lisani və Əlirza Fərşinin vəziyyətinə diqqət çəkib|date=August 23, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba kwụnyere ọkọlọtọ n'okporo ámá niile nke Tabriz na-ekwu &quot;Nnwere Onwe&quot;, &quot;Alirza Farshi&quot;, &quot;A maala mmadụ ahụ ikpe Nnwere Onwe&quot; &quot;Nye m aka gị, nke a chụpụrụ site n'ife efe, ọ na-agụ m ka ébé ọkụ na-agba - anọwo m n'ọchịchịrị ruo afọ iri anọ na atọ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105082023/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri#selection-1127.48-1127.196|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə türk dili fəalı Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək aksiyası keçirilib|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105084609/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşinin azadlığı tələb edilib|author=Hamid Malikoghlu|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Hélène Frappat</title>
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      <text bytes="6030" sha1="ikjdwm4wpw5z67o4febhfmtqsrh575v" xml:space="preserve">'''Hélène Frappat''' (2 Septemba 1969 na [[Paris]]) bụ onye edemede French, onye ntụgharị na onye nkatọ nke ihe nkiri.
[[Faịlụ:Hélène_Frappat_(2018).jpg|thumb|Foto nke Hélène Frappat]]

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ nke École Normale Supérieure (klas 1989),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.archicubes.ens.fr/lannuaire#annuaire_chercher?identite=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Frappat.|title=L'Annuaire &amp;#124; a-Ulm}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere nchịkọta nke nkà ihe ọmụma na akwụkwọ ozi PhD. Ọ bụ ya dere ọtụtụ nsụgharị, gụnyere The Origins of Totalitarianism nke Hannah Arendt dere, Études sur la personnalité autoritaire nke Theodor W. Adorno dere, Amitié nke Samson Raphaelson dere). Na France Culture, o mepụtara magazin sinima kwa ọnwa &quot;Rien à voir&quot;, site na 2004 ruo 2009, tinyere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri.

Ọ bụ ya dere akwụkwọ akụkọ itoolu nke Éditions Allia na Actes Sud bipụtara. Ọ na-asụgharị akwụkwọ akụkọ Ann Patchett yana nke Laura Lippman kemgbe afọ 2019.. 

N'afọ 2016, o sonyere na Assises Internationales du Roman na Lyon .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Les jeunes romanciers philosophes|url=http://www.villagillet.net/portail/air/details/article/phenomene-de-generation-les-jeunes-romanciers-philosophes/|year=2016|accessdate=15 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611053016/http://www.villagillet.net/portail/air/details/article/phenomene-de-generation-les-jeunes-romanciers-philosophes/|archivedate=11 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ ya, Trois femmes disparaissent, dabeere na ndụ Tippi Hedren, nwa ya nwanyị Melanie Griffith na nwa nwa ya nwanyị Dakota Johnson. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ enwetala otuto dị egwu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Trois femmes disparaissent {{!}} Actes Sud|url=https://www.actes-sud.fr/catalogue/litterature/trois-femmes-disparaissent|accessdate=2023-02-19|work=www.actes-sud.fr|archivedate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219053943/https://www.actes-sud.fr/catalogue/litterature/trois-femmes-disparaissent}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma IRCAM na-emezi ya ugbu a.

== Akwụkwọ ==

; Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 2004: ''Sous réserve'', Paris, Éditions Allia, 124 p.  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/livre/sous-reserve_809417.html|title=Kant dans un jeu de piste|author=Baptiste Liger (Lire), 1 September 2004|date=September 2004|accessdate=15 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007: '' L'Agent de liaison'', Paris, Éditions Allia, 142 p.  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.telerama.fr/livres/l-agent-de-liaison,20451.php|title=L'Agent de liaison. Roman – Hélène Frappat|author=Erwan Desplanques, Télérama n° 3013 – 13 October 2007|accessdate=15 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: ''Par effraction'', Paris, Éditions Allia, 128 p.  

: - Ihe nrite Wepler-Foundation La Poste - Mention Spéciale, 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/144,prix-wepler-fondation-la-poste-mention-speciale.html|title=Prix Wepler-Fondation La Poste – Mention Spéciale|accessdate=15 January 2017|archivedate=5 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205050221/http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/144,prix-wepler-fondation-la-poste-mention-speciale.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2011:  ''Inverno'', Arles, France, Éditions Actes Sud, series &quot;Un endroit où aller&quot;, 140 p.  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.telerama.fr/livres/inverno,72103.php|title=Inverno. Hélène Frappat|author=Christine Ferniot, Télérama n° 3215 – 27 August 2011|date=27 August 2011|accessdate=15 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; then Actes Sud, series &quot;Babel&quot;, 2016  ''Lady Hunt'', Arles, France, Éditions Actes Sud, series &quot;Domaine français&quot;, 2013, 320 p.  , then Actes Sud, series &quot;Babel&quot;, 2016  .

: - Nhọrọ Prix Mauvais genres 2013.
: - Nhọrọ Franz-Hessel-Preis 2014.

* 2014: ''N'oublie pas de respirer'', Arles, France, Éditions Actes Sud, series &quot;Essence&quot;, 64 p.  

: - Nhọrọ Franz-Hessel-Preis 2015.
: - Nhọrọ Ihe nrite nke ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ndị mmụta nke Île de France

* 2019: ''Osimiri Ikpeazụ'', Ọrụ Ndịda
* 2021: ''Ugwu Fuji adịghị'', Actes Sud
* 2023: Ụmụ nwanyị atọ na-apụ n'anya, Actes Sud

:
; Ihe odide

* 2000: ''La Violence'', Paris, Flammarion, series &quot;Corpus&quot;, 251 p.  
* 2001: ''Jacques Rivette, secret compris'', Paris, Cahiers du cinéma, 255 p.  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lesinrocks.com/cine/cinema-article/t/30011/date/2001-11-30/article/jacques-rivette-secret-compris-jacques-rozier-le-funambule/|title=Jacques Rivette, secret compris|accessdate=15 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalibre.be/culture/divers/article/22409/dans-le-secret-de-jacques-rivette.html|title=Dans le secret de Jacques Rivette|author=Jean-François Pluijgers|date=17 May 2001|accessdate=15 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: ''Roberto Rossellini'', Paris, Cahiers du cinéma, 94 p.  
* ''Trois films fantômes de Jacques Rivette'', Paris, Cahiers du cinéma, 2002, 110 p.  .

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.franceinter.fr/personnes/helene-frappat Hélène Frappat] na France Inter
* [https://www.franceculture.fr/personne/helene-frappat Hélène Frappat] na France Culture
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20191114000817/https://www.actes-sud.fr/contributeurs/frappat-helene-0 Hélène Frappat] na Ọrụ Ndịda
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20231223210901/https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Helene-Frappat/5253 Hélène Frappat] na Babelio
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20231120090437/https://www.m-e-l.fr/,ec,539 Hélène Frappat] na MEL
* Hélène Frappat isiokwu banyere Les Inrockuptibles''Ihe Ndị Na-enweghị Nkwekọrịta''
* Nkwurịta okwu Hélène Frappat Gburugburu Jacques Rivette na YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEstgd2VCvQ Hélène Frappat: ''Ọ bụ nwanyị na-abanye n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè...''] na YouTube
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      <text bytes="97291" sha1="50xy9kt6effhlzzoqu4qx9vyek183l5" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Mmegharị mba ụwa megidere echiche nke njirimara nwoke na nwanyị}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
[[File:Marcha por la Vida 2018 Perú (1).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|&quot;Okike agaghịzi adị&quot;: ndị na-eme ngagharịiwe si [[Con mis hijos no te metas]] (&quot;Emela ka ụmụ m ghara inwe nsogbu&quot;) n'oge ngagharị iwe [[pro-life]] na [[Lima]], Peru, 2018|alt=Anti-gender march in Lima, Peru]]
[[File:Pikieta modlitewna przeciwników ideologii geneder na placu Zbawiciela 01.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|&quot;Okike bụ ọnwụ{{snd}} ọ na-egbu njirimara, mkpụrụ obi na ahụ&quot;: mkpesa megide &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; na [[Warsaw]], Poland, 2014|alt=Anti-gender protest in Warsaw, Poland]]

'''Mmegharị megide okike''' bụ [[mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya]] zuru ụwa ọnụ nke megidere echiche ọ kpọrọ &quot;echiche okike&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;echiche okike&quot;. A kọwapụtara okwu ndị a nke ọma, ma gụnyekwa ọtụtụ isiokwu metụtara [[nkwado nha ụmụnwaanyị]] na [[LGBTQ movements|ikike LGBTQ]], yana [[ọganihu]] n'ozuzu. Mmegharị ahụ enwetala nkwado site n'aka otu [[ndị na-akwado ndị mmadụ n'aka nri]], òtù [[ndị na-echekwa okpukperechi]], [[ndị na-echekwa ọha mmadụ|ndị na-echekwa ọha mmadụ]], na [[ndị na-eche aka nri anya]] n'ụwa niile. Ọ na-ele ọganihu na [[nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị]] na [[ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọahụ]] anya dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye [[ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ ọdịnala]], nkwenkwe okpukpe, na ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Nkwenye nke òtù ahụ sitere na [[okpukpe Katọlik]], a pụkwara ịkọ mmalite ya na mbido afọ 1970, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dọtara uche na ndị otu ya nke ukwuu malite na 2012 ruo [[mkpesa ọha]].{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|p=12}} N'ịrụ ọrụ n'ofe mba dị iche iche, mmegharị ahụ na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwu na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche, gụnyere [[ikike ọmụmụ]], [[asụsụ gụnyere]], [[alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwoke na nke nwanyị na nwanyị]], [[ikike ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-agbanwe agbanwe|ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-agbanwe agbanwe]], [[Mmebe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya | echiche ndị na-ewu obodo gbasara okike]], na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ dịka [[ọmụmụ gbasara okike]]. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mmegharị ahụ lekwasịrị anya kpọmkwem n'ihe ndị na-emegide ikike LGBTQ, ndị ọzọ na-eleba anya n'egwu sara mbara gbasara mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya metụtara nwoke na nwanyị.

A katọrọ otu a maka ịgba ume [[ịkpa ókè]], imebi nchedo [[ikike mmadụ]], na ịkwalite [[ozi na-ezighi ezi]] na [[okwu mgbochi LGBTQ|okwu mkparị megide ndị LGBTQ]]. A kọwawo echiche nke &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; zuru ebe niile ma bụrụ nke e guzobere n'usoro dị ka [[ụjọ omume]]{{sfn|Careaga-Pérez|2016|p=251}}{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=1}} na [[ozizi nkwekọrịta]].{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}}

== Nkọwa okwu ==
N'ọtụtụ mba ndị na-anaghị asụ Bekee, ndị na-emegide okike na-ezerekarị iji nsụgharị obodo nke okwu ahụ bụ ''gender'', kama ịhọrọ okwu Bekee iji gosi na okike bụ echiche ebubata ma ọ bụ nke mba ọzọ.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=14}} Okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', nke dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara mmegide nwoke na nwanyị, enweghị nkọwa doro anya ma ọ bụ nke nwere otu ihe {{sfn|Mayer|Sauer|2017|p=23}} ma na-agụnye ọtụtụ okwu dị iche iche.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=175}} Ndị ọkà mmụta dịka Stefanie Mayer na Birgit Sauer kọwara ya dị ka &quot;ihe na-egosi ihe efu&quot;,{{sfn|Mayer|Sauer|2017|p=23}} ebe [[Agnieszka Graff]] kọwara ya dị ka okwu a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka echiche ndị Katọlik na-agbasochi anya.{{sfn|Graff|2016|p=268}}

A na-ejikarị okwu ndị a bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', na ''njide nwoke na nwanyị'' eme ihe n'otu oge site n'òtù ahụ mana ha dị iche na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ nke [[ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị]]. N'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike, e nwere nnukwu arụmụka na nghọtahie; agbanyeghị, ndị na-akwado okike na-elegharakarị ihe ndị a anya.{{sfn|Kováts|2018|pp=2, 8}}{{Sfn|Butler|2024|p=19}} Elizabeth Corredor na-arụ ụka na ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ịma aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[ihe gbasara ọmụmụ ihe]] nye echiche nnwere onwe gbasara okike, mmekọahụ, na mmekọahụ.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=617}} Corredor kwukwara na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị na-eji nkewa dị n'ime mmegharị nkwado nha umunwanyị na LGBTQ eme ihe iji mee ka ebumnuche ya gaa n'ihu.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=617}} Peixoto kwuru na okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' sitere n'ọchịchọ nwanyị iji okike eme ihe kama mmekọahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bertolucci Peixoto |first=Tatiana |date=2026-03-12 |title=Gender ideology |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10624-026-09832-z |journal=Dialectical Anthropology |language=en |doi=10.1007/s10624-026-09832-z |issn=0304-4092}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Òtù ahụ na-ebo ọtụtụ mmadụ na otu dị iche iche ebubo ịkwalite ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị''. Ndị a gụnyere ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọkachasị ndị a maara dị ka [[Liberalism|liberal]], ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma ọ bụ ndị aka ekpe; [[Mmegide ikike ụmụnwaanyị|ikike ụmụnwaanyị]] na [[Ndị na-akwado LGBTQ]]; ndị ọrụ amụma okike na nchịkwa ọha; na ndị ọkà mmụta pụrụ iche na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike. Site n'ịkọwa ndị a dị ka ndị na-akwado ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'', mmegharị ahụ na-eme ka mmegide megide nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na atụmatụ dị iche iche dịkwuo elu.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=176}}

Ndị na-akwado mmegide nwoke na nwanyị nwere ike igosi [[European Union]] na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị ọtụtụ [[Lobbying|lobbies]] ji aka ha mee ihe, dịka ndị America billionaires, [[Ozizi Marxism omenala | Ndị Marxist omenala]], [[Ozizi Masonic nzuzo | Ndị Freemason]], [[Mmegide-nwanyị|ndị na-akwado ụmụnwaanyị]], [[Agenda nwoke idina nwoke|Ndị LGBTQ na-akwado]], ma ọ bụ [[Akụkọ nzuzo ndị Juu|Ndị Juu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;BJSO 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Salvati |first1=M. |last2=Pellegrini |first2=V. |last3=De Cristofaro |first3=V. |last4=Giacomantonio |first4=M. |date=January 2024 |title=What is hiding behind the rainbow plot? The gender ideology and LGBTQ+ lobby conspiracies (GILC) scale |journal=[[British Journal of Social Psychology]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] on behalf of the [[British Psychological Society]] |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=295–318 |doi=10.1111/bjso.12678 |issn=2044-8309 |pmid=37606152 |s2cid=261062493 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Proponents present themselves as defenders of [[Freedom of speech|free speech]], [[Freedom of thought|thought]], and conscience against the &quot;gender ideology&quot;, which they label as &quot;[[totalitarian]]&quot;.{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}}{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|pp=2, 6}}{{sfn|Corredor|2019|pp=628–629}}

Ndị na-akwado echiche na-arụ ụka na &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; sitere na [[cabal]] nke ndị isi rụrụ arụ na-akwalite,{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Conversation&quot; /&gt; ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mba ofesi dịka European Union, [[World Health Organization]], ma ọ bụ [[United Nations]], maka ebumnuche nke ịda mbà, imebi, ma ọ bụ ibibi ezinụlọ, Chọọchị Katọlik, mba, na/ma ọ bụ [[Ọdịbendị Ọdịda Anyanwụ]].{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|p=5}}{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=176}}{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=767}} [[Donald Trump]] anabatala okwu a ma jiri ya mee ihe na [[Executive Order 14168]], nke akpọrọ &quot;Ịchebe Ụmụnwaanyị site na echiche nwoke na nwanyị na iweghachi eziokwu sitere n'okike nye gọọmentị etiti&quot;, nke na-achọ iwepụ nnabata gọọmentị etiti nke ndị transgender ma gbanwee nchebe transgender.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Trump rolls back trans and gender-identity rights and takes aim at DEI |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/20/trump-executive-order-gender-sex |access-date=21 January 2025 |work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' malitere n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik n'afọ 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Butler 2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Judith |date=3 April 2025 |title=This is Wrong: Judith Butler on Executive Order 14168 |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v47/n06/judith-butler/this-is-wrong |url-access=subscription |work=London Review of Books |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=8}} Mary Anne Case dere na okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' banyere n'ihe Chọọchị Katọlik ji eme ihe na njikọ ya na [[1995 World Conference on Women]], na, karịsịa, akwụkwọ nta nke onye na-akwado ikike [[Dale O'Leary]] &quot;Oke nwoke na nwanyị: Mwepụ nke Ụmụ nwanyị/Nyocha nke Echiche Nwoke na Nwanyị n'ịkwadebe maka Nzukọ Ụwa nke Anọ gbasara Ụmụ nwanyị&quot;, nke e nyere [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. O'Leary n'onwe ya nwetara mmụọ nsọ site n'akwụkwọ Christina Hoff Sommers nke akpọrọ ''[[Ònye zuru ikike ụmụ nwanyị?]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Case&quot; /&gt; Okwu a batara n'ọtụtụ chọọchị dị na Latin America, tinyere [[World Congress of Families]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Butler 2025&quot; /&gt;

[[Pope Francis]] kwuru na &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; ga-emebi echiche Chọọchị Katọlik na [[mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị]],{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=5}} tụnyere ya na [[ngwa agha nuklia]], ma kwuo na ọ bụ otu n'ime &quot;Ndị Herọd na-ebibi ihe, atụmatụ ọnwụ, na-emebi ihu nwoke na nwanyị, na-ebibi ihe e kere eke&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pope Francis compares arguments for transgender rights to nuclear arms |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/pope-francis-compares-arguments-for-transgender-rights-to-nuclear-arms-race-10061223.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/pope-francis-compares-arguments-for-transgender-rights-to-nuclear-arms-race-10061223.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=The Independent |date=21 February 2015 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2019, Chọọchị Katọlik [[Nwoke na Nwanyị O kere Ha|wepụtara akwụkwọ mbụ dị mkpa]]&lt;!--As seen in the Conversation link.--&gt; na-ekwu maka &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot;, nke [[Gender binary|na-ekwu na e nwere naanị okike ma ọ bụ nwoke na nwanyị abụọ a chọpụtara na ha bụ ndị sitere n'okike]].&lt;ref name=Conversation/&gt; Dịka Corredor si kwuo,
&lt;blockquote&gt;Echiche nke Holy See dabere nke ukwuu na mmekọrịta kwụsiri ike na nke a na-atụ anya ya n'etiti mmekọahụ dị ndụ, njirimara nwoke na nwanyị, na echiche nwoke na nwanyị maka nwoke na nwanyị, nke a na-egosipụta n'ụzọ Chọọchị Katọlik si kwuo dị ka otu na naanị otu ịdị n'otu ebumpụta ụwa nke uche, ahụ, na mkpụrụ obi. N'ihi na a kwenyere na ịdị n'otu a sitere na [[Iwu Okike|Iwu Okike]] na [[Iwu Baịbụl n'Iso Ụzọ Kraịst|Iwu Chineke]]—dị ka [[Mmepụta Ihe|ihe Chineke kere]] kpọmkwem—ọ gafere ndokwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mmadụ kpụrụ.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=621}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Mmalite ==
=== Nzukọ mba ụwa n'etiti afọ 1990 ===
A na-ahụkarị mmalite nke mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị site na mkparịta ụka dị n'ime [[Ụka Katọlik]] n'afọ 1990.&lt;ref name=Case/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mkparịta ụka ndị a bụ nzaghachi nye ihe si na [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] pụta na 1994 [[Mgbakọ Mba Nile Maka Ọnụọgụgụ Mmadụ na Mmepe]] na [[Mgbakọ Ụwa Nile Maka Ụmụ Nwanyị 1995]], n'oge ahụ nke UN malitere ịnakwere [[ikike mmekọahụ na ọmụmụ nwa]].{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=9}}{{sfn|Kováts |2016|p=178}}{{sfn|Careaga-Pérez|2016|pp=251–252}} [[Holy See]] gosipụtara nchegbu na nnabata dị otu a nwere ike ibute nhazi nke [[imebi ime dị ka ikike mmadụ]], mbibi nke ịbụ nne ọdịnala, na ime ka nwoke idina nwoke na nwoke kwekọọ. N'ime ihe a, a hụrụ okwu ahụ bụ ''okike'' dịka atụmatụ iji maa &quot;ezinụlọ eke&quot; aka ma mebie.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=9}}

Na 1997, onye America na-eme ngagharị iwe, Dale O'Leary, onye sonyere na [[Opus Dei]] ma mara ya maka [[Mmegharị Mgbochi Ime | Mgbochi Ime]] ya, bipụtara akwụkwọ akpọrọ ''The Gender Agenda''. N'akwụkwọ ahụ, O'Leary ji echiche nke okike tụnyere ọrụ nzuzo, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Gender Agenda na-aga n'ime obodo ọ bụghị dị ka ụgbọ mmiri dị ogologo, kama dị ka ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri, nke kpebisiri ike ikpughe ihe niile gbasara onwe ya dịka o kwere mee.&quot;{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|pp=7, 9–10}} Ntọala nkà mmụta okpukpe maka mmegide nke Chọọchị Katọlik megide ozizi okike sitere na [[[[Ozizi nke Ahụ|nkuzi nke ahụ]]'' nke [[[Jọn Paul nke Abụọ]], nke mere ka [[Mmekọahụ|mmekọahụ]] na ọrụ dị iche iche nke ụmụ nwoke na nwanyị pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Kuhar|Paternotte|2017|p=10}}{{sfn|Kováts|2016|pp=178–179}}

Ọ bụ ezie na e guzobere usoro echiche nke mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị n'afọ 2003, ngagharị iwe a na-ahụ anya nke metụtara mmegharị ahụ malitere ịpụta ìhè na mba Yuropu n'ihe dịka afọ 2012–2013.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=12}} Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2019, mmegharị ahụ agbasaala karịa mmalite Katọlik ya, na-enweta nkwado sara mbara n'ime ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ome ihe nkiri Katọlik ka bụ ndị na-akwado ya nke ọma.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=617}}

=== Mmalite nke afọ 1980 nke chọọchị ===
Onye nyocha Mary Anne Case chọpụtara mmalite nke ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị na mbido afọ 1980, n'oge ọchịchị Kadịnal [[Joseph Ratzinger]], onye mechara ghọọ Pope Benedict XVI. N'oge ahụ, Ratzinger hụrụ etu akwụkwọ ndị nkwado nha umunwanyị si ewu ewu na Germany nke na-ekwu na okike bụ [[Mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya|nke e wuru n'obodo]]. Tinyere nke ahụ, o hụrụ mgbanwe na iwu German [[Ọnọdụ iwu nke ndị transgender | na-ekwe ka ndị transgender gbanwee okike ha n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro]], ihe ndị mere ka Vatican leba anya nke ọma. Case na-ekwu na nkwupụta maka ikike ndị transgender, tinyere nkwado nha umunwanyị, bụ ihe ndị Vatican na-echegbu gbasara ''okenye nwoke na nwanyị''. Okwu ndị a abụghị ihe mgbakwunye ọhụrụ kama ọ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa na Chọọchị lekwasịrị anya na mmetụta nke mmepe iwu gbasara okike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Case&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Case |first1=Mary Anne |title=Trans Formations in the Vatican's War on 'Gender Ideology' |journal=[[Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]] |issn=0097-9740 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |url=https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=13570&amp;context=journal_articles |date=2019 |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=639–664 |doi=10.1086/701498|s2cid=149472746 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmepe ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ==
=== Nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị dị iche iche ma ọ bụ nkwado ụmụ nwanyị dị oke mkpa maka okike ===

Ndị ọkà mmụta Serena Bassi na Greta LaFleur na-ahụ na a naghị ahụkarị mmegharị [[trans-exclusionary radical feminist]] (TERF) na mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dị iche, n'agbanyeghị ọdịiche na mmalite maọbu na ebumnuche ha.&lt;ref name=Bassi&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bassi |first1=Serena |last2=LaFleur |first2=Greta |title=Introduction: TERFs, Gender-Critical Movements, and Postfascist Feminisms |journal=[[Transgender Studies Quarterly]] |date=2022 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1215/23289252-9836008|s2cid=253052875 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha nke Pearce, Erikainen, na Vincent mere gosiri na okwu ahụ bụ ''echiche nwoke na nwanyị'' akụkọ ihe mere eme dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara mmegide nwoke na nwanyị, malitere inweta mmetụta n'okwu TERF n'ihe dị ka afọ 2016.&lt;ref name=Pearce&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pearce |first1=Ruth |last2=Erikainen |first2=Sonja |last3=Vincent |first3=Ben |title=TERF wars: An introduction |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=677–698 |doi=10.1177/0038026120934713|s2cid=221097475 |doi-access=free |hdl=2164/18988 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Claire Thurlow na-arụ ụka na nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akatọ okike na-adaberekarị na [[Transphobia|transphobic]], [[ihe gbasara omume]], na echiche [[Nkwekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị|nkwekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị]] gbasara ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-ekwu na àgwà ndị a na-ejikọta ikike ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị na-abụghị ndị otu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị na-emegide ụmụ nwanyị na mmegharị ndị ọzọ na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Thurlow |first1=Claire |title=From TERF to gender critical: A telling genealogy? |journal=[[Sexualities (journal)|Sexualities]] |date=2022 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=962–978 |doi=10.1177/13634607221107827|s2cid=252662057 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Judith Butler]] akọwaala ngagharị echiche megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka ihe [[Afọ-fascism Neo-fascism|Afọ-fascism Neo-fascism]] ma dọọ ndị mmadụ na otu aka ekpe aka ná ntị ka ha ghara iso ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Professor Judith Butler 'Who Is Afraid of Gender?' |date=7 June 2023 |url=https://www.gender.cam.ac.uk/news/professor-judith-butler-who-afraid-gender-lecture-recording-now-available |publisher=[[University of Cambridge]] |access-date=18 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọkà mmụta egosila na ihe pụrụ iche nke mmegharị ahụ dị na ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị ọdịnala nke [[Antifeminism|mgbochi-feminism]]. [[Andrea Pető]] na-akọwa ya dị ka &quot;ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa&quot; nke e zubere iji gbanwee usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ụwa niile.{{sfn|Pető|2021|p=42}}

Njikọta okwu na atụmatụ a na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti nnwere onwe nwanyị na-abụghị nke ndị ọzọ na mkpọsa mgbochi okike sara mbara, n'agbanyeghị ntọala echiche ha dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Korolczuk |first=Elżbieta |date=2016-02-19 |title=The Vatican and the Birth of Anti-Gender Studies |journal=Religion and Gender |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=293–296 |doi=10.18352/rg.10181 |issn=2589-8051|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ọkà mmụta ekwuola na ịkwalite ọnọdụ ndị na-akatọ nwoke na nwanyị n'ime ngalaba iwu dịka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị sara mbara, na-ekwu maka [[Reem Alsalem]] dị ka ihe atụ pụtara ìhè.&lt;ref name=Duffy2024&gt;{{cite book
 |last1=Duffy
 |first1=S. A.
 |year=2024
 |chapter=‘Ideological Colonising’: The Influence of Anti-Gender Movements on Domestic and International Human Rights Law
 |editor-last1=Paige
 |editor-first1=T. P.
 |editor-last2=O'Hara
 |editor-first2=C.
 |title=Queer Encounters with International Law: Lives, Communities, Subjectivities
 |publisher=Routledge
 |pages=175–199
 |doi=10.4324/9781032643106-12
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Zwingel&gt;{{cite book
 |title=Feminist Responses to Crises and Dehumanization: Transnational Scholar-Activist Perspectives
 |last1=Zwingel
 |first1=Susanne
 |last2=Hernandez
 |first2=Brianna N.
 |last3=Turbino Torres
 |first3=Luisa
 |publisher=Routledge
 |date=2025
 |isbn=9781032805382
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |last1=Paige
 |first1=Tamsin Phillipa
 |last2=O'Hara
 |first2=Claerwen
 |year=2024
 |chapter=(Re)queering international law
 |editor-last1=Paige
 |editor-first1=T. P.
 |editor-last2=O'Hara
 |editor-first2=C.
 |title=Queer Encounters with International Law: Lives, Communities, Subjectivities
 |publisher=Routledge
 |pages=1–12
 |doi=10.4324/9781032643106-1
|isbn=978-1-032-64310-6
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmetụta mba ọzọ ===
Akụkọ nke [[European Parliament]] nyere iwu na 2021 chọpụtara njikọ dị n'etiti mmụba nke mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị na Europe na ego sitere na [[mkpọsa ozi ụgha]]. [[Asasa ozi Russia|Russia]] kwadoro mkpọsa ndị a n'ọtụtụ akụkụ,&lt;ref name=Disinformation&gt;{{cite web |title=Disinformation campaigns about LGBTI+ people in the EU and foreign influence |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/653644/EXPO_BRI(2021)653644_EN.pdf |publisher=European Parliament |date=2021 |pages=4, 21–22}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri dị anya|n'aka nri dị anya]] na otu [[ndị Kraịst dị aka nri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Who's financing the 'anti-gender' movement in Europe? |date=27 May 2021 |url=https://www.aidsmap.com/news/may-2021/whos-financing-anti-gender-movement-europe |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ ahụ mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na atụmatụ ọchịchị obodo nke gọọmentị Rọshịa gụnyere ịkwalite njikọ aka na otu ndị nwere otu echiche ma kpachara anya mebie [[European Union]] (EU). Atụmatụ a gụnyere ịkwado otu aka nri n'ime EU iji mee ka esemokwu dịkwuo elu ma mebie njikọ aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Disinformation&quot; /&gt;

== Isi ihe na nsogbu ndị dị mkpa ==
Ndị isi na-akwado ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị gụnyere Dale O'Leary, [[Michel Schooyans]], [[Tony Anatrella]], [[Gabriele Kuby]], na Marguerite Peeters.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=10}}{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=179}}

Ndị otu na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-emegide ụfọdụ [[ikike ọmụmụ]], ọkachasị [[Mmegharị Mgbochi Ime | Imepụ Ime]], yana [[Mmegide ikike LGBTQ|ikike LGBTQ]], karịsịa [[alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na nwanyị]], yana ụfọdụ mkpọsa megide [[ime ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị]].{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=175}}{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=2}} Ha nwekwara ike ịkatọ mmemme [[Iwu mgbochi mmegbu|mgbochi mmegbu]],{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=614}} [[agụmakwụkwọ gbasara mmekọahụ]] n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na [[ọmụmụ gbasara okike]] n'agụmakwụkwọ ka elu.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=175}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dịka Kováts si kwuo, ọ bụghị mmegharị niile dabara n'okpuru aha &quot;mgbochi okike&quot; (site na mmegide &quot;okike&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;echiche okike&quot;) bụ n'ụzọ doro anya [[Mgbochi-nwanyị|onye na-emegide nkwado nha nwanyị]] ma ọ bụ onye na-emegide-LGBTQ,{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=176}} na mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ ihe ọhụrụ dị iche na mmegide ụmụ nwanyị na [[ndị na-edina ụdị onwe]] gara aga.{{sfn|Kováts|2020|p=76}} Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị abụghị otu ihe ahụ na ndị aka nri dị anya, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ndị otu aka nri niile na-akwado echiche megide nwoke na nwanyị, ebe ndị otu na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-agbasa karịa ndị otu aka nri.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=184}}

===Asụsụ gụnyere mmadụ niile===
Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị na-elekwasịkarị anya [[asụsụ gụnyere]] dịka akụkụ nke mgbalị sara mbara iji guzogide amụma okike na-aga n'ihu. Beck kwuru, na mba ndị na-asụ German, na asụsụ gụnyere nwoke na nwanyị &quot;bụ ihe na-akpata mwakpo 'mgbochi nwoke na nwanyị'&quot; ma na-akọwa ndị mmegide dị ka &quot;akụkụ dị mkpa nke 'mgbasa' ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sara mbara megide okike, njikọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri dị anya na otu ndị na-echekwa echiche na ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na ọha mmadụ German&quot; nke a pụrụ iwere dị ka &quot;àkwà mmiri mkparịta ụka n'etiti otu ndị a&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
| last1 = Beck
| first1 = Dorothee
| chapter = The Crusade Against Gender-Inclusive Language in Germany: A Discursive Bridge Between the Far Right and the Civic Mainstream
| editor-last1 = Beck
| editor-first1 = Dorothee
| editor-last2 = Habed
| editor-first2 = Adriano José
| editor-last3 = Henninger
| editor-first3 = Annette
| title = Blurring Boundaries: 'Anti-Gender' Ideology Meets Feminist and LGBTIQ+ Discourses
| publisher = Barbara Budrich
| year = 2024
| pages = 109–126
| doi = 10.2307/jj.8692983.8
| jstor = jj.8692983.8
| isbn = 978-3-8474-2684-4
| quote= Gender-inclusive language aims at representing gender diversity and gender equality linguistically (...) in German-speaking countries, it is a trigger point for ‘anti-gender’ attacks
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lucy Jones dere, n'akwụkwọ ya gbasara asụsụ, okike, na mmekọahụ, na ndị na-emegide okike na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri [[na-akatọ okike]] na-ajụkarị ịnabata asụsụ gụnyere mmadụ na nke na-abụghị nke abụọ, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara [[nnochiaha]] na nnabata nke njirimara transgender na nke na-abụghị binary. Jones kwuru na ndị na-akatọ ụmụnwaanyị na-ajụkarị omume asụsụ nke na-akwado njirimara trans na nke na-abụghị nke abụọ, ọtụtụ mgbe, ha na-ekwu maka nchekwa nke &quot;[[ikike ndị metụtara mmekọahụ]]&quot; dị ka ihe akaebe. Ọ na-ahụ na a na-ejikarị echiche abụọ na nke dị mkpa nke na-akọwa &quot;nwanyị&quot; naanị dị ka onye [[e kenyere nwanyị mgbe a mụrụ ya]] emepụta nguzogide a.&lt;ref name=Jones&gt;{{cite journal 
 |last1=Jones 
 |first1=Lucy 
 |date=2023 
 |title=Language, gender and sexuality in 2022: Documenting and resisting regressive ideology 
 |journal=Gender and Language 
 |volume=17 
 |issue=2 
 |pages=1–18 
 |doi=10.1558/genl.26176 
 |url=https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.26176 
 |ref=Jones
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'enyemaka nke mmụta a, Jones kọwara iguzogide asụsụ na-agụnye mmadụ niile dịka akụkụ nke &quot;nlekọta uche sara mbara na ahụ ndị trans&quot; na ụdị njikwa asụsụ nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịgọnarị izi ezi nke njirimara trans na nke na-abụghị binary.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; Jones kọwara usoro mkparịta ụka ndị a n'ime ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sara mbara site n'ihota Borba (2022), onye na-enyocha mpụta nke &quot;ndekọ mgbochi okike&quot; nke e ji eme mkparịta ụka maka mwepụ nwoke na nwanyị, gụnyere nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị gbasara okike. Borba na-arụ ụka na ndekọ a, nke na-adabere na echiche ndị dị mkpa gbasara mmekọahụ na okike, enwetawo mmetụta site na usoro ndebanye aha, ụzọ isi mee ka ụfọdụ echiche dị iche iche yie ihe eke ma ọ bụ ihe nkịtị. Ọ na-atụkwa aro na e meela nke a n'otu akụkụ site n'iji asụsụ nke ndị nkwado nha umunwanyị eme ihe na ngagharị iwe megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke LGBTQ, na-agbanwegharị ya iji gosipụta ihe iyi egwu nye ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ndị nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;&lt;ref name=Borba&gt;{{cite journal 
 |last1=Borba 
 |first1=Rodrigo 
 |date=2022 
 |title=Enregistering 'gender ideology': the emergence and circulation of a transnational anti-gender language 
 |journal=Journal of Language and Sexuality 
 |volume=11 
 |issue=1 
 |pages=57–79 
 |doi=10.1075/jls.21003.bor 
 |url=https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.21003.bor
|url-access=subscription 
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmegharị ndị metụtara ya ==
Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị nwere njikọ chiri anya na [[ndị na-akwado ọchịchị aka nri]], [[ndị mba]], na [[ndị Kraịst aka nri]].{{sfn|Dahl|kennedy-macfoy|2020|p=1}} Dịka Kuhar na Paternotte si kwuo, &quot;mkpọsa megide okike abụghị ihe si kpọmkwem pụta site na ebili mmiri nke ndị otu aka nri na-akwado populist, mana mgbanwe gaa n'aka nri na-eme ka mkpọsa ndị a sie ike ma na-enye ha ndị na-akwado ha ọhụrụ bụ́ ndị weghaara echiche nke 'echiche nwoke na nwanyị' nke nwere ụfọdụ usoro echiche na echiche ndị otu aka nri nke ndị populist&quot;.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=13}} Dịka ha si ahazi echiche ndị mmadụ, a na-ejikarị [[mkpebi]] eme ihe iji nweta ihe ndị otu na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị chọrọ.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=15}}

== Nyocha na azịza ==
[[UN Women]] akọwaala ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka nke na-eme ka &quot;nha nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị na ndị LGBTIQ+ bụrụ ihe iyi egwu nye ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ a na-akpọ 'ọdịnala' [...] ruo n'ókè ọhụrụ&quot; na &quot;iji mgbasa ozi ịkpọasị na ozi na-ezighi ezi lekwasị anya ma nwaa ime ka ndị mmadụ nwere ụdị mmekọahụ dị iche iche, njirimara nwoke na nwanyị, ngosipụta nwoke na nwanyị, na njirimara mmekọahụ.&quot;&lt;ref name=unwomen&gt;{{cite web |title=LGBTIQ+ communities and the anti-rights pushback: 5 things to know |date=28 May 2024 |url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2024/05/lgbtiq-communities-and-the-anti-rights-pushback-5-things-to-know |publisher=[[UN Women]] |access-date=15 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Mmegharị azụ ma ọ bụ mmegharị ihe na-eme ihe ike===
A na-arụrịta ụka banyere ókè mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị si bụrụ mmeghachi omume nye ihe omume na mmegharị ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ mmegharị na-agba mbọ ịmepụta mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=2}} [[Hande Eslen-Ziya]] na-arụ ụka na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị dabere na ihe ọ kpọrọ &quot;sayensị troll&quot;, nke ọ kọwara dị ka &quot;arụmụka sayensị (gbagọrọ agbagọ) nke e ji mee mkparịta ụka ndị na-akwado ndị mmadụ, na-emepụta akụkọ ọzọ gbasara echiche nke nha anya nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Eslen-Ziya |first1=Hande|author-link=Hande Eslen-Ziya |title=Right-wing populism in New Turkey: Leading to all new grounds for troll science in gender theory |journal=[[HTS Teologiese Studies]] |date=2020 |volume=76 |issue=3 |doi=10.4102/hts.v76i3.6005|s2cid=224856495 |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/2682420 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ nyocha nke EU kwadoro n'ime ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị nke akpọrọ RESIST lere anya n'okwu ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị n'arụmụka ndị omeiwu na mgbasa ozi na Hungary, Poland na United Kingdom, ma chọpụta na ndị isi na-akwalite mgbasa ozi ahụ bụ ndị a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-aga n'ihu bụ &quot;ndị ikom nọ n'ọchịchị ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na ndị nwere oke isi/ndị dị oke njọ na Europe&quot;, na mgbasa ozi ahụ tinyere aka na &quot;ịkpalite ụjọ omume na-emerụ ahụ nke na-elekwasị anya na njirimara ndị transgender&quot; nke ahụ na-eme ka ndị transgender bụrụ ndị a na-akpọ &quot;arụmụka&quot; na-enweghị mgbagha gbasara izi ezi nke ikike na ndụ ha&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hostile anti-trans politics on the rise in Europe, new research finds |url=https://gcn.ie/hostile-anti-trans-politics-rise-europe-research/ |date=25 April 2024|first1=Han |last1=Tiernan |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=GCN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=&quot;Anti-Gender Tactics in Europe - The RESIST project: research findings&quot; |website=RESIST |url=https://theresistproject.eu/sdc_download/561/?key=tagmqaqrdtg7ouma0e1weisf36ftqg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka Marta Rawłuszko si kwuo, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ, n'otu akụkụ, mmeghachi omume megide ikike ọchịchị nke gọọmentị mba ahọpụtara n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche nye òtù nha anya a na-ahọpụtaghị na òtù mba ụwa, dịka [[European Union]], nke chọrọ mgbanwe. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ntuli aka ma ọ bụ ndị nnọchiteanya ha ahọpụtara anaghị akwado amụma ndị a, ha na-emepụta [[democratic deficit]].{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|pp=1, 2–3}} O kwuru na &quot;e tinyela iwu nha anya nwoke na nwanyị n'ọrụ n'enweghị mkparịta ụka ọha na eze gbasara ya&quot;.{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=3}}

Agbanyeghị, Paternotte na-arụ ụka na imepụta mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka &quot;ihe ijuanya&quot; bụ &quot;enweghị ntụpọ n'echiche, adịghị ike n'ihe gbasara ahụmịhe na nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị&quot;, n'ihi na nnyocha atụnyere egosila na na mba dị iche iche, &quot;okwu dị iche iche na-akpalite ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.&lt;ref name=Paternotte&gt;{{cite news |last1=Paternotte |first1=David |title=Backlash: A misleading narrative |newspaper=Engenderings |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2020/03/30/backlash-a-misleading-narrative/ |publisher=London School of Economics |access-date=7 August 2020|date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Nzuko nzuzo===
N'otu oge, a kọwala echiche nke echiche nwoke na nwanyị dị ka ihe na-atụ egwu omume{{sfn|Careaga-Pérez|2016|p=251}}{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=1}} ma ọ bụ [[echiche nkwekọrịta]].{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|p=766}} Dịka mmadụ abụọ [[ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]s dere maka [[The Conversation (website)|''The Conversation'']] si kwuo, echiche nzuzo ahụ tinyere aka na arụmụka na Poland na 2020 gbasara &quot;ma [[ọrịa COVID-19 | ọrịa coronavirus]] ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ maka ozizi okike&quot;.&lt;ref name=Conversation&gt;{{cite news |last1=Cichocka |first1=Aleksandra |last2=Marchlewska |first2=Marta |title=How a gender conspiracy theory is spreading across the world |url=https://theconversation.com/how-a-gender-conspiracy-theory-is-spreading-across-the-world-133854 |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha Ipsos mere n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2019 gosiri na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke Poland na-erubeghị afọ 40 kwenyere na &quot;mmegharị LGBT na echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; bụ &quot;ihe iyi egwu kachasị na-eche ha ihu na narị afọ nke 21&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/25/anti-lgbt-rhetoric-stokes-tensions-in-eastern-europe |title=Anti-LGBT rhetoric stokes tensions in eastern Europe |last1=Walker |first1=Shaun |date=25 October 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 January 2020 |last2=Tait |first2=Christian Davies Robert |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-ewere [[mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị mgbe nwoke gasịrị]] dị ka ozizi okike.

{{anchor|Democracy and liberalism}}

===Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Neoliberalism===
Ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Eszter Kováts na-ewere mpụta na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka ihe mgbaàmà nke nsogbu akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na omenala miri emi nke [[ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya]] na mmeghachi omume nye [[neoliberalism]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kováts |first=Eszter |chapter=The Emergence of Powerful Anti-Gender Movements in Europe and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy |date=2017 |title=Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe |pages=175–189 |editor-last=Köttig |editor-first=Michaela |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-43533-6_12 |isbn=978-3-319-43532-9 |editor2-last=Bitzan |editor2-first=Renate |editor3-last=Petö |editor3-first=Andrea}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu aka ahụ, ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Birgit Sauer na-ezo aka na mmegharị ndị a dị ka, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, mmeghachi omume nye [[ịkwụsị iwu]], [[Nsogbu | Mmebi ọrụ]], mmebi nke [[ọnọdụ ọdịmma]] na ịgbasa [[enweghị nha anya | oghere dị n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sauer |first=Birgit |date=2019 |title=Anti-feministische Mobilisierung in Europa. Kampf um eine neue politische Hegemonie? |journal=Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft |language=de |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=339–352 |doi=10.1007/s12286-019-00430-8 |s2cid=203292624 |issn=1865-2646 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''LuXemburg'' na 2018, ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze Weronika Grzebalska na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Eszter Kováts na Andrea Pető nyochara okwu ahụ ''okike'' dị ka &quot;ihe nnọchianya&quot; nke mmegharị megide okike, nke na-ejikọta ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na okpukpe dị iche iche bụ ndị na-agaghị arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ma ọ bụghị ya. Ha na-ele &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a na-akwalite megide anya dị ka ihe atụ maka enweghị ntụkwasị obi na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke usoro mmekọrịta akụ na ụba neoliberal kpatara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2018 |title=Gender as symbolic glue. How 'gender' became an umbrella term for the rejection of the (neo)liberal order |url=https://www.zeitschrift-luxemburg.de/gender-as-symbolic-glue-how-gender-became-an-umbrella-term-for-the-rejection-of-the-neoliberal-order/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Zeitschrift LuXemburg |language=de-DE |accessdate=31 May 2026 |archivedate=10 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310121038/https://www.zeitschrift-luxemburg.de/gender-as-symbolic-glue-how-gender-became-an-umbrella-term-for-the-rejection-of-the-neoliberal-order/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị a na-ekwu na ha na-akwado echiche nwoke na nwanyị bụ ndị a na-akpọ ndị nwere ikike, na-ajụ [[Pluralism (nkà ihe ọmụma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)|pluralism]] ma na-emebi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ndị aka nri.{{sfn|Kováts|2016|p=178}} Lorena Sosa, osote prọfesọ na [[Netherlands Institute of Human Rights]] (SIM), kwuru na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị agbaghawo ikike mmadụ, dịka nchekwa pụọ na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, ma tinye aka na [[mbibi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya]].{{sfn|Sosa|2021|p=3}}

Pető na-arụ ụka na &quot;Mmegide megide nwoke na nwanyị abụghị naanị ihe ọzọ sitere na mmegide nkwado nha ụmụ nwanyị kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ... Mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa nke e bidoro iji guzobe usoro ụwa ọhụrụ.&quot; Ọ na-arụkwa ụka na mmegharị ahụ &quot;jupụtara n'ịkpọasị&quot; —na-ekwu maka mmegbu dị n'ịntanetị megide ndị na-eme nnyocha banyere okike—ma na-arụ ụka na ọ &quot;na-awakpo nnwere onwe na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya&quot;.{{sfn|Pető|2021|p=42}} Na 2021, ọkà ihe ọmụma [[Judith Butler]] kọwara ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị dị ka usoro fascist ma dọọ ndị kpọrọ onwe ha ndị na akwado nha umunwanyị aka ná ntị ka ha ghara iso ndị otu a na-eme ihe n'ịchọta ndị trans, ndị na-abụghị ndị abụọ, na ndị nwere mmasị nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref name=Butler2021&gt;{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Judith |author-link=Judith Butler |date=23 October 2021 |title=Why is the idea of 'gender' provoking backlash the world over? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/commentisfree/2021/oct/23/judith-butler-gender-ideology-backlash |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=17 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=PN2021&gt;{{cite news |last=Parsons |first=Vic |date=26 October 2021 |title=Judith Butler says the 'anti-gender ideology movement' is a dangerous 'fascist trend' |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/10/26/judith-butler-anti-gender-ideology/ |access-date=18 November 2021 |work=[[PinkNews]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchedo Nchebe nke Kanada]] kwuru na 2024 na &quot;mmegharị megide okike&quot; na-eyi egwu nke &quot;ime ihe ike dị oke njọ&quot; nke nwere ike ibute obodo LGBTQ.&lt;ref name=cbc&gt;{{cite news |first=Catharine |last=Tunney |date=15 February 2024 |title=CSIS warns that the 'anti-gender movement' poses a threat of 'extreme violence' |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/csis-lgbtq-warning-violence-1.7114801 |access-date=1 March 2024 |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2023, Elżbieta Korolczuk rụrụ ụka na &quot;ọ bụ ezie na ihe omume nke ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị anaghị abụkarị ihe ike, a ga-enyochakwu atụmatụ na mkpọsa ya dị ka ihe ga-ekwe omume ibuga ihe mgbochi iji tinye aka na mwakpo ime ihe ike&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Korolczuk |first1=Elżbieta |title=Routledge Handbook of Non-Violent Extremism |date=2023 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-003-03279-3 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003032793-27/anti-gender-campaigns-threat-liberal-democracy-elżbieta-korolczuk |chapter=Anti-gender Campaigns as a Threat to Liberal Democracy |pages=347–359 |doi=10.4324/9781003032793-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ikike LGBTQ na nha anya nwoke na nwanyị===
Marie Wittenius nke [[Heinrich Böll Foundation#Gunda Werner Institute|Gunda Werner Institute for feminism and gender democracy]] na-arụ ụka na okwu ahụ bụ &quot;echiche okike&quot; &quot;na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe a na-egosi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmegide ndị Juu, ịkpọasị ndị nwoke na nwanyị na ịkpọasị ndị mmadụ, echiche ndị na-akwado agbụrụ yana ịkpọasị megide ndị isi.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The transnational anti-gender movement in Europe |url=https://www.gwi-boell.de/en/2022/02/03/the-transnational-anti-gender-movement-europe |publisher=GWI |access-date=31 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Ọgọst 2021, Kansụl nke Yuropu [[Kọmishọna maka ikike mmadụ]] [[Dunja Mijatović]] kwuru na ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị bụ &quot;iji ajọ mbunobi ọha mmadụ dị ugbu a mee ihe ma na-awakpo ndị LGBTI iji mezuo ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ọdịmma nke ha&quot; ma kwuo na &quot;ịchọta ndị LGBTI maka uru ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ atụmatụ dị oke ọnụ nke na-emerụ ndụ na ọdịmma nke ndị ọ metụtara ma na-emebi njikọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ozuzu ya.&quot; Kọmishọna ahụ kwuru na &quot;site n'ịbawanye n'ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmegharị ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na-abawanye nke ọma iji mebie nchekwa ikike mmadụ na Europe&quot; ma kwubiri na &quot;site n'ịkwado ndị LGBTI, anyị na-agbachitere ùgwù mmadụ nhata nke mmadụ niile, na-echebe ọdịmma ọha mmadụ anyị na ike nke usoro ikike mmadụ dị oke ọnụ ahịa anyị.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Pride vs. indignity: Political manipulation of homophobia and transphobia in Europe |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/pride-vs-indignity-political-manipulation-of-homophobia-and-transphobia-in-europe |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |date=16 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Febụwarị 2022, [[Ụlọikpe Yuropu]] [[Kọmitii Ụlọikpe Yuropu maka Ikike Ụmụnwaanyị na Ịha nhata Nwoke na Nwanyị|Kọmitii Maka Ikike Ụmụnwaanyị na Ịha nhata Nwoke na Nwanyị]] haziri nzukọ ọha na eze na &quot;Ịlụso mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị ọgụ&quot;, na-eme ka mmegharị ahụ megide nwoke na nwanyị pụta ìhè dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye [[nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Public Hearing on &quot;Countering the anti-gender movement&quot; |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/fr/events/details/public-hearing-on-countering-the-anti-ge/20220123CHE09901 |publisher=[[European Parliament]] |access-date=31 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 2024, ọkà ihe ọmụma Judith Butler bipụtara akwụkwọ ha akpọrọ ''[[Ònye Na-atụ Egwu Okike?]]'' mgbe ndị ngagharị iwe &quot;na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị&quot; wakporo ya n'ọdụ ụgbọelu dị na São Paulo na 2017.{{Sfn|Butler|2024|p=289}} Butler ji okwu ahụ bụ &quot;mmegharị echiche megide nwoke na nwanyị&quot; kọwaa ihe gbasara mba dị iche iche nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri aka nri dị anya ime ka &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; bụrụ &quot;echiche efu nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya&quot; nke na-eme ka nchekasị na egwu gbara &quot;ezinụlọ ọdịnala&quot; gburugburu.{{Sfn|Butler|2024}}

Na 2024, [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchedo Nchebe Kanada]] kwuru na mmegharị megide okike nwere ike ibute ihe iyi egwu nke [[Mmegide Ike | Ime Ihe Ike]] nke ndị omekome na-eme megide obodo LGBTQ.&lt;ref name=cbc/&gt;

== Site na mpaghara ==
[[File:Marcha contra la Ideología de Género Chile 2018 (1).jpg|thumb|&quot;Marcha contra la Ideología de Género&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Marcha por Jesús&quot; na [[Chile]], 27 Ọktoba 2018]]

Mmegide megide nwoke na nwanyị pụtara na Yuropu na mbido afọ 2010, dịka ọ dị na 2019, ọ na-aga nke ọma na [[Latin America]].{{sfn|Corredor|2019|pp=613–614}} Mmegharị ahụ bụ [[Mbambata mba|mbata mba]], mkpọsa na mba dị iche iche na-agbaziri atụmatụ na okwu sitere na mba ndị ọzọ.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=2}} Agbanyeghị, na mba dị iche iche, mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị na-adakọ na arịrịọ maka [[ịhụ mba n'anya]] na [[ọbụbụeze mba]].{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=3}}

=== Europe ===
Tupu a malite mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na Yuropu nọ n'ụzọ a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha iji nweta nha anya nwoke na nwanyị zuru oke na ikike LGBTQ zuru oke, mmegide siri ike nke a na-ewere dị ka njide site n'oge gara aga ma ọ bụghị ya, ihe omume naanị na [[Eastern Europe]] na [[Katọlik site na mba | Mba ndị Katọlik nke Rom]]. Mmegide megide nwoke na nwanyị gosiri na echiche a ezighi ezi.{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=3}} Kemgbe afọ 1990, [[European Commission]] emeela ka e nwee ike inye ego site na [[Ego Nhazi na Ego Njikọta]] dabere na amụma nha anya nwoke na nwanyị mpaghara, nke butere mgbanwe ngwa ngwa mgbe Poland [[2004 mmụba nke European Union|sonyere European Union na 2004]].{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|pp=9–10}}

Na Febụwarị 2019, [[Ụlọikpe Yuropu]] mere mkpebi megide &quot;mmeghachi omume n'ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na EU&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paternotte&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019-0111_EN.html 2018/2684(RSP)], Experiencing backlash in women's rights and gender equality in the EU&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Bulgaria ====
Na Febụwarị 2023, [[Bulgarian Socialist Party]] kpọrọ oku maka ntuli aka mba na &quot;Echiche Okike&quot;. Mgbe ọnwa ahụ gasịrị, ndị otu ahụ toro mkpebi [[Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Bọlgeria|Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu]] na ọ bụ naanị mmekọahụ dị ndụ ka a pụrụ idepụta n'akwụkwọ gọọmentị nakwa na a pụghị ịgbanwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/218824/The+Bulgarian+Socialist+Party+wants+to+Hold+a+Referendum+on+Gender+Ideology |title=The Bulgarian Socialist Party wants to Hold a Referendum on Gender Ideology|date=2023-02-12|access-date=2026-03-24|website=novinite.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2023/02/21/bulgarian-supreme-court-rules-against-transgender-peoples-rights/ |title=Bulgarian Supreme Court Rules Against Transgender People's Rights |date=21 February 2023 |access-date=2026-03-24|website=BalkanInsight|last=Todorov|first=Svetoslav}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Croatia ====
Na 2012, gọọmentị Croatia nke [[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|SDP]] duziri tụrụ aro ''Mmụta Ahụike'' dị ka isiokwu ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ a chọrọ n'aka ụlọ akwụkwọ Croatian. A katọrọ mmemme nke onye mmụta ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nke ukwuu site n'aka ndị [[Nzukọ Episcopal nke Croatia|Nzukọ Ndị Bishọp Croatia]] na njikọ ndị ọzọ dịka ndị nchebara echiche ma ọ bụ okpukperechi dika [[:hr:Grozd – Glas roditelja za djecu|GROZD]] maka iwebata ihe ha kpọrọ &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; na &quot;mmekọ nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na nwanyị&quot; n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Croatia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GROZD: Predmet je besmislen; Jovanović: Ne želim trošiti vrijeme na njih! |url=https://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/prepucavanje-ide-dalje-danas-grozd-ima-presicu.html |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=DNEVNIK.hr |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2017, [[gọọmentị Croatia]] nke aka nri etiti [[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]] na-edu kwupụtara na ha ga-akwado [[Mgbakọ Kansụl nke Yuropu maka Mgbochi na Ịlụso Ime Ihe Ike Megide Ụmụnwaanyị na Ime Ihe Ike n'Ụlọ ọgụ]], nke a maara nke ọma dịka Mgbakọ Istanbul. Ọ bụ ezie na otu ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị toro ya, ihe a mere ka a katọọ ya nke ukwuu site na Mgbakọ Bishọp Croatia, Chọọchị Katọlik, na ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado omenala na ndị aka nri na otu dị iche iche dịka [[:hr:U ime obitelji|U ime obitelji]], maka ịbụ mgbakọ nke a na-ekwu na ọ na-alụso ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ ma &quot;na-ewebata echiche nwoke na nwanyị na nzuzo&quot; n'ime ndị omeiwu Croatia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Romac |first=Denis |date=1 April 2018 |title=Rodna ideologija u Istanbulskoj konvenciji? |trans-title=Gender ideology in the Istanbul Convention? |url=https://www.dw.com/bs/rodna-ideologija-u-istanbulskoj-konvenciji-%C4%8Dinjenica-ili-teorija-zavjere/a-43198142 |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị nkatọ kọwara nke a n'ihi ederede nkwekọrịta ahụ site na iji okwu &quot;gender&quot; na &quot;gender identity&quot; n'ahịrịokwu ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ iwu Croatia malitere na opekata mpe afọ 2008 nke ejirila usoro ndị a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Žao nam je svih koji luduju oko Istanbulske, ali rodni identitet u našem je zakonu već 10 godina |url=https://www.telegram.hr/politika-kriminal/zao-nam-je-svih-koji-luduju-oko-istanbulske-ali-rodni-identitet-u-nasem-je-zakonu-vec-10-godina/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Telegram.hr |language=hr |last1=Hr |first1=Telegram}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, otu atụmatụ ụmụ amaala kpọrọ &quot;Eziokwu gbasara Mgbakọ Istanbul&quot; (''[[:hr:Istina o Istanbulskoj|Istina o Istanbulskoj]]'') ehiwere na ebumnuche nke &quot;ịkọwara ụmụ amaala Croatia ezi nzube&quot; nke mgbakọ ahụ, nke a na-ekwu maka &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; na &quot;mwakpo megide ụkpụrụ Croatian, Katọlik, na ezinụlọ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Neprihvatljivo u istanbunskoj konvenciji |url=https://istinaoistanbulskoj.info/neprihvatljivo-u-istanbulskoj-konvenciji |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Istina o Istanbulskoj |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atụmatụ a haziri ngagharị iwe na ngagharị iwe na [[Zagreb]] na [[Split, Croatia|Split]], nke ihe dị ka mmadụ puku iri na ise bịara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Policijske brojke: &quot;Na prosvjedu u Splitu približno je bilo oko 15.000 ljudi&quot; |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/policijske-brojke-na-prosvjedu-u-splitu-je-okvirno-bilo-oko-15-000-ljudi-1238838|access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Večernji.hr|language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche a bụ ịhazi ntuli aka maka ụmụ amaala iji kpebie ma a ga-akwado nkwekọrịta ahụ, mana ha enwetaghị mbinye aka zuru oke achọrọ iji mee ntuli aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Istina o Istanbulskoj' prikupila 371.821 potpis, nedostaje im nekoliko tisuća |url=https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/istina-o-istanbulskoj-prikupila-371-821-potpis-nedostaje-im-nekoliko-tisuca-20180530 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Tportal.hr |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù LGBTQ nke Croatia akpọrọ ''Trans Aid'' gbara akwụkwọ maka ịkpa ókè megide ndị transgender n'okwu ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tužba protiv GROZD-a zbog diskriminacije trans osoba |url=https://gong.hr/2018/06/20/tuzba-protiv-grozd-a-zbog-diskriminacije-trans-oso/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=GONG.hr |date=20 June 2018 |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ndị omeiwu Croatia kwadoro ka e mee nkwekọrịta Istanbul.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Velikom većinom izglasana Istanbulska konvencija. Dalić tijesno dobila podršku |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/danas-glasovanje-o-istanbulskoj-konvenciji-i-smjeni-martine-dalic-1238791 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Večernji.hr|language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịbịanye aka na mgbakọ ahụ abụrụla ihe dị mkpa n'ịbawanye pati ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị aka nri na Croatia na 2020, dịka [[Àkwà Mmiri (Croatia)|Àkwà Mmiri]] (''Ọtụtụ'') na [[Àkwà Mmiri (Croatia)|Àkwà Mmiri]] (''Àkwà Mmiri Domovinski''), ndi wepụrụ ndị ntuli aka kachasị nwee nchebara echiche na [[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]]. Ndị otu pati abụọ a na-akatọ ma na-awakpo &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot;, ndị mmadụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ikike LGBTQ, na Mgbakọ Istanbul n'okwu ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Penava: 'Rodna ideologija neće proći' |url=https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/penava-komentirao-inicijativu-filozofskog-fakulteta-o-pokretanju-rodnih-studija-20240706 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Tportal.hr |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Domovinski pokret obećava poništavanje Istanbulske konvencije: 'To je zloćudna tvorba u hrvatskom društvu' |url=https://www.telegram.hr/politika-kriminal/domovinski-pokret-obecava-ponistavanje-istanbulske-konvencije-to-je-zlocudna-tvorba-u-hrvatskom-drustvu/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Telegram.hr |language=hr |last1=Hr |first1=Telegram}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grmoja: 'Kad postanem premijer, znat će se da postoje dva roda - muški i ženski' |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/grmoja-kad-postanem-premijer-znat-ce-se-da-postoje-dva-roda-muski-i-zenski-15448855/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Jutarnji.hr |date=10 April 2024 |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== France ====
[[File:Paris - La Manif pour Tous - 20140202 - 8.jpg|thumb|&quot;Le ''gender'', c'est pas mon genre&quot; (''okike'' ọ bụghị okike m/okike m, ọ bụghịkwa ụdị ihe m), ngosipụta nke [[La Manif pour tous]] na [[Paris]], 2 Febụwarị 2014]]
[[Farida Belghoul]] na-edu ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na France.&lt;ref name=Caldini/&gt; na ''[[La Manif pour tous]]'' (LMPT), otu ngagharị iwe nke malitere na mbido afọ 2013 iji lụso [[alụmdi na nwunye nke nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na nwanyị na France]] ma gbanwee gaa na usoro mmụta nha anya megidere mgbe alụm di na nwunye nwoke na nwoke na nwaanyị na nwanyị nke akwadoro na Mee 2013.{{sfn|Harsin|2018|pp=37–38}} Òtù na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na France agbasaala asịrị na aghụghọ ụgha, dịka nkwupụta na a na-akụzi mmetọ onwe onye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ndị France.{{sfn|Harsin|2018|p=43}}{{sfn|Gallot|Pasquier|2018}}&lt;ref name=Caldini&gt;{{cite news |last1=Caldini |first1=Camille |title=&quot;Masturbation&quot;, &quot;théorie du genre&quot; à l'école... Décryptage de cinq folles rumeurs |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/societe/education/masturbation-theorie-du-genre-a-l-ecole-decryptage-de-cinq-folles-rumeurs_516005.html |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=Franceinfo |date=28 January 2014 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Germany ====
Na Jamanị, [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri dị anya na Jamanị (1945–ugbu a)|ndị na-eme ihe ike n'aka nri na ndị na-akwado ọchịchị aka nri]] kpara aka megide echiche nke &quot;ara nwoke na nwanyị&quot;, nke e ji mara ya dị ka &quot;ngwa agha&quot; megide &quot;ndị German&quot; n'okwu ndị neo-Nazis kpọrọ na 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lang-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Lang |first=Juliane |title='Gender' und 'Genderwahn' |trans-title='Gender' and 'Gender madness' – latest bogeyman of the extreme right |url=https://www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/rechtsextremismus/259953/gender-und-genderwahn |date=20 November 2017 |website=BPB |publisher=[[Federal Agency for Civic Education]] |access-date=28 August 2021 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọbụnadị n'èzí oke aka nri, e nwere mkparịta ụka dị mkpa gbasara [[mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị]] kemgbe 2006, mgbe [[Eva Herman]] kwuru okwu gbasara ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ọha mmadụ na ọrụ ha na-arụ nke {{Lang|de|[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]}} tụlere &quot;ịgbanwe mgbanwe nwoke na nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị&quot;. Ndị na-eme ihe ike n'aka nri jiri nke a mee ihe dị ka mmalite maka mkpọsa ezubere iche megide ịkpa oke nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lang-2017&quot; /&gt;

Otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị German nke aka nri, [[Alternative for Germany | AfD]] (''Alternative für Deutschland''), na-egosi njikọ ya na mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị n'akwụkwọ nta ya bụ &quot;Isi Ihe Maka Germany&quot;. N'ime broshuọ ahụ, AfD na-emegide mmemme ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike nke ụmụ nwanyị mgbe sekọndrị gasịrị, &quot;ịhazi okike&quot;, na mkparịta ụka gbasara mmekọahụ n'oge nwata n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Programm-Faltblatt &quot;Kernpunkte für Deutschland&quot; (indiv.) |url=https://www.wir-lieben-deutschland.de/programm-faltblatt-kernpunkte-fur-deutschland-indiv.html |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=www.wir-lieben-deutschland.de |language=de |accessdate=31 May 2026 |archivedate=24 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224144801/https://www.wir-lieben-deutschland.de/programm-faltblatt-kernpunkte-fur-deutschland-indiv.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; AfD gosikwara ọnọdụ ya megide nwoke na nwanyị n'akwụkwọ &quot;Manifesto maka Germany&quot; nke afọ 2017, na-ekwu na &quot;echiche okike, mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị n'oge, ego gọọmentị na-enye maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, usoro oke na iwepụ asụsụ German na okwu ndị kwekọrọ na okike ga-akwụsịrịrị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |url=https://www.afd.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017-04-12_afd-grundsatzprogramm-englisch_web.pdf |title=Manifesto for Germany |date=2017-04-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị otu AfD ahaziela ngagharị iwe megide nwoke na nwanyị n'obodo dịka [[Munich]] na 2023, na-emesi ike ihe egwu a na-ahụ dịka &quot;mgbasa ozi nwoke na nwanyị&quot; megide ụmụaka. Òtù na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị egosila isi ihe kpatara mmụba ngwa ngwa nke AfD, ebe otu ahụ na-egosi nchekwa nke &quot;ezinụlọ ọdịnala&quot; dị ka isi ihe dị mkpa maka ikpo okwu ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hajek |first=Katharina |date=27 February 2020 |title=The AfD and right-wing (anti-)gender mobilisation in Germany |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2020/02/27/the-afd-and-right-wing-anti-gender-mobilisation-in-germany/ |work=Engenderings |publisher=[[London School of Economics]] |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe afọ 2013, njikọ aka ngagharị iwe [[fundamentalist Christian]] {{ill|Demo für Alle|de|v=sup}} emeela ngagharị iwe megide [[alụmdi na nwunye nke nwoke na nwoke na nke nwanyị na nwanyị]] na itinye aka na okike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel-2018&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |last=Schlegel |first=Theresa |date=9 May 2018 |title=Deutungsmuster des Geschlechterverhältnisses im &quot;anti-genderistischen&quot; Diskurs am Beispiel der Proteste (&quot;Demo für Alle&quot;) gegen den Bildungsplan von Baden-Württemberg 2015 |trans-title=Patterns of interpretation of gender relations in &quot;anti-genderist&quot; discourse using the example of protests (&quot;Demo für Alle&quot;) against the 2015 Baden-Württemberg education plan. |type=Master's thesis |page=&lt;!--needed--&gt; |publisher=University of Potsdam |docket= |oclc= |url=https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/index/index/start/0/rows/10/sortfield/score/sortorder/desc/searchtype/simple/query/theresa+schlegel/docId/41019 |access-date=28 August 2021 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọgbakọ &quot;Demo für Alle&quot; nke afọ 2014, onye nta akụkọ [[:de:Birgit Kelle|Birgit Kelle]] tiri mkpu na mba Jamanị &quot;na-ejide ụmụaka ka ha na-enwe mmekọahụ ma na-akụzikwa ha ọzọ&quot;, na-abanye n'echiche nke mfu nke &quot;[[ikike nne na nna]]&quot; n'ịkụziri ụmụ ha ihe nke AfD jikwa mee ihe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==== Hungary ====
Dabere na [[Eszter Kováts]] na [[Andrea Pető]], na-ede na 2017, enweghị &quot;mmegharị dị mkpa megide nwoke na nwanyị&quot; na mba ahụ, mana &quot;okwu a na-ahụ anya megide nwoke na nwanyị&quot;, karịsịa n'afọ 2010 ndị gara aga, nke ruo ugbu a na-esonyere arụmụka ọha na eze mba ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ.{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|pp=117–118}} Ha dere na okwu ndị Hungary na-ekwu maka ịkpa ókè megide nwoke na nwanyị pụtara n'afọ 2008, mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ mmụta nke otu onye omeiwu [[Fidesz]] katọrọ. Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ kwuru na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; nakwa na &quot;ihe ize ndụ kachasị ukwuu nke usoro a bụ na ọha mmadụ ga-efunahụ njirimara mmekọahụ ha&quot;.{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|p=118}} N'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, okwu megide nwoke na nwanyị pụtara ìhè na 2010, mgbe gọọmentị aka ekpe tinyere ahịrịokwu n'ime usoro ọmụmụ mba ahụ nke na-ekwu na ndị nkuzi ụmụaka kwesịrị &quot;ịma ụma zere ime ka echiche nwoke na nwanyị sikwuo ike na mee ka a kwụsị ajọ mbunobi gbasara ịha nhata ọha mmadụ nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị.&quot;{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|p=119}} Ndị mgbasa ozi aka nri nyere mgbanwe a ọtụtụ akụkọ; a na-ekwu na ọ na-akwalite &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Kováts|Pető|2017|pp=119–120}}

==== Italy ====
N'okpuru [[Giorgia Meloni]], onye a họpụtara dịka praịm minista na [[2022 ntuli aka izugbe nke Itali]], otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Itali nke aka nri, ''[[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]]'' (Ụmụnna nke Itali), etinyela nwoke na nwanyị n'ọnọdụ kacha mma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Meloni na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro mkpa ọ dị ịkwado ụkpụrụ okike abụọ na omenala gbasara ezinụlọ, ijikọ okwu ndị dị otú ahụ na nchekwa nke mba Itali na ngwa okpukpe. N'ọgbakọ ntuli aka nke afọ 2019, Meloni kwuru sị: &quot;Abụ m Giorgia, abụ m nwanyị, abụ m nne, abụ m onye Itali, abụ m onye Kraịst.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 October 2022 |title=Italy's far-right 'Christian mother' Meloni |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221021-italy-s-far-right-christian-mother-meloni |access-date=9 July 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meloni ji ọkwa ya dịka nne, na-ewere onwe ya dị ka &quot;ihe na-egosi mba nwere omenala na omenala, mana nke oge a&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Indelicato |first1=Maria Elena |last2=Magalhães Lopes |first2=Maíra |date=February 2024 |title=Understanding populist far-right anti-immigration and anti-gender stances beyond the paradigm of gender as 'a symbolic glue': Giorgia Meloni's modern motherhood, neo-Catholicism, and reproductive racism |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13505068241230819 |journal=European Journal of Women's Studies |language=en |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=6–20 |doi=10.1177/13505068241230819 |issn=1350-5068|hdl=10316/115482 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ na-agba mbọ mkpa ọ dị ichebe &quot;ezinụlọ ebumpụta ụwa&quot; site na iyi egwu nke &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.{{Sfn|Butler|2024}}

Ndị otu [[Lega Nord]] kwadoro mmegide nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na Itali{{sfn|Donà|2020|p=161}} yana otu Pro Vita (ndị jikọtara ya na pati neo-fascist [[New Force (Italy)|New Force]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.corriere.it/extra-per-voi/2017/07/06/tutti-legami-pro-vita-forza-nuova-0f71ba70-6254-11e7-84bc-daac3beed6c1.shtml Tutti i legami tra Pro Vita e Forza Nuova]&lt;/ref&gt; na Manif wụsa Tous Italia, nke e mesịrị kpọọ Generazione Famiglia.{{sfn|Bellè|Poggio|2018|p=120}} Na ntuli aka izugbe nke Italy [[2018]], Lega Nord tinyere ndị otu Katọlik n'ime ndepụta ntuli aka ya, wee mechie njikọ aka megide okike.{{sfn|Donà|2020|p=162}}

==== Lithuania ====
Ntuli aka [[ndị omeiwu Lithuania nke 2020]] na nguzobe nke njikọ aka n'etiti [[Homeland Union]] na [[Freedom Party (Lithuania)|Freedom Party]], nke nwere echiche dị mma gbasara amụma metụtara LGBTQ, dugara n'ịmepụta mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị dịka [[Lithuanian Family Movement]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdis (in Lithuanian) |url=https://seimusajudis.lt/ |website=Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdis}}&lt;/ref&gt; na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dịka [[National Alliance (Lithuania)|National Alliance]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Politinės partijos &quot;Nacionalinis susivienijimas&quot; programa (in Lithuanian) |url=https://susivienijimas.lt/programa/ |website=[[National Alliance (Lithuania)|National Alliance]] |date=17 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Norway ====
Ọkammụta ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike [[Elisabeth L. Engebretsen]] achọpụtala otu dị iche iche dịka alaka Norway nke [[Nkwupụta Ụmụ Nwanyị Mba Nile]] na LLH2019, otu òtù nke [[LGB Alliance]] nke kpọrọ onwe ya nwanne, dị ka ndị isi na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị na Norway. Dịka Engebretsen si kwuo, otu ndị a bụ akụkụ nke &quot;ihe iyi egwu dị mgbagwoju anya nye ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Engebretsen&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Engebretsen |first1=Elisabeth L. |chapter=Scientizing Gender? An Examination of Anti-Gender Campaigns on Social Media, Norway |title=Populism and Science in Europe |pages=185–206|date=2022|isbn=978-3-030-97534-0|editor-last=Eslen–Ziya|editor-first=H.|editor-link=Hande Eslen-Ziya|editor2-last=Giorgi|editor2-first=A.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-97535-7_9|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97535-7_9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọkammụta ihe gbasara okike bụ Janne Bromseth dere na [[egbe agbara na 2022 Oslo]] &quot;mere n'ọnọdụ&quot; nakwa na &quot;mmegharị megide nwoke na nwanyị agbanweela ókèala n'arụmụka ọha na eze na Norway n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya,&quot; Nke a mere ka &quot;ọnọdụ arụmụka siri ike karị ebe enyerela TERF ndị a haziri ahazi ohere ịtọ atụmatụ maka 'arụmụka gbasara okike' na ihe iyi egwu nke 'echiche nwoke na nwanyị' na-eyi usoro okike.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Bromseth |first=Janne |url=https://www.ottar.se/%ef%bf%bcnu-foljer-ilskan-mot-medias-ansvarsloshet/ |title='Nu följer ilskan mot medias ansvarslöshet' |date=7 July 2022 |work=Ottar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712093315/https://www.ottar.se/%EF%BF%BCnu-foljer-ilskan-mot-medias-ansvarsloshet/ |archive-date=12 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Poland ====
[[File:02018 0018 Catholic anti-gay protesters during the Equality March in Rzeszów.jpg|thumb|Ndị Katọlik na-eme ngagharị iwe megide LGBTQ n'oge 2018 [[Equality marches in Poland|ngagharị nha anya]] na [[Rzeszów]], Poland]]

Na ngwụcha afọ 2013, okwu ahụ bụ ''gender'' nke a na-ekwu maka mkparịta ụka agụmakwụkwọ, ghọrọ ihe a ma ama dịka akụkụ nke mkpọsa megide nwoke na nwanyị site n'aka ndị aka nri na Chọọchị Katọlik.{{sfn|Graff|2014|p=431}} Ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ahụ maka iwu [[Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi]] nke chịrị Poland n'etiti afọ 2015 na 2023 kwalitere mkpọsa megide &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; ahụ, site n'aka ndị isi Chọọchị Katọlik, na otu ndị mba ọzọ nke na-ahụ maka nnwere onwe nke Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi nwere ókèala dị mfe: [[Ndị Ntorobịa nke Poland Nile]], [[Mbilite Mba nke Poland]], na [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbawa Mba]].{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=2}} Na 2019, ndị ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze {{ill|Piotr Żuk|pl|v=sup}} na Paweł Żuk dere na: &quot;Ndị ikike na Poland na-ahụ ma ndị otu nwanyị na ndị nwoke idina nwoke dịka ihe iyi egwu nye njirimara mba nke metụtara okpukpe Katọlik nakwa dịka ihe iyi egwu nye ụdị ezinụlọ ọdịnala na usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&quot;{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|p=3}} [[Okwu ndị na-emegide LGBTQ]] sitere n'aka ndị Poland aka nri mụbara mgbe e mechara [[2015 nsogbu ndị si mba ọzọ kwabata na Yuropu]], nke okwu ndị na-emegide ndị si mba ọzọ pụta ìhè.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Santora |first1=Marc |title=Poland's Populists Pick a New Top Enemy: Gay People |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/07/world/europe/poland-gay-rights.html?action=click&amp;module=RelatedLinks&amp;pgtype=Article |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=7 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'okwu ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị, obodo LGBTQ jere ozi dị ka onye iro ma ọ bụ onye iro mmụọ ọjọọ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị na-akwado ọha mmadụ chọrọ.{{sfn|Żuk|Żuk|2019|pp=19–20}}

Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2020 gbasara [[ihe atụ nnọchiteanya]] nke 1,000 ndị Poland chọpụtara na 30% kwenyere na e nwere nzukọ ''nwoke na nwanyị'', &quot;a kọwara ya dị ka atụmatụ nzuzo iji bibie omenala Ndị Kraịst site n'ịchịkwa mgbasa ozi ọha na eze&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conversation&quot; /&gt; Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na nkwenye na ''nzukọ nwoke na nwanyị'' ejikọtaghị ya na okpukperechi; o jikọtara ya nke ọma na nkwenye na Chọọchị Katọlik kwesịrị ịnọ n'ọkwa dị mma n'obodo na ịjụ ndị LGBTQ dị ka ndị agbata obi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conversation&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Marchlewska ''et al.''|2019|pp=775–776}} Marta Rawłuszko na-atụ aro na ndị Poland nwere ike ịchọta atụmatụ aghụghọ n'ihi atụmatụ ndị e mere n'oge [[Polish People's Republic|ọchịchị kọmunist]].{{sfn|Rawłuszko|2019|p=17}} Na Juun 2020, onyeisiala Poland [[Andrzej Duda]] nke Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi dọtara uche mgbe ọ kpọrọ [[echiche LGBTQ|LGBTQ &quot;echiche&quot;]] na ụdị &quot;neo-Bolshevism&quot;, tupu [[2020 ntuli aka onyeisiala Poland]].&lt;ref name=Krakow&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hoffman |first1=Steven |title=What is 'LGBT ideology', and why are Polish people talking about it? |url=http://www.krakowpost.com/22453/2020/06/what-is-lgbt-ideology-and-why-are-polish-people-talking-about-it |access-date=5 August 2020 |work=[[The Krakow Post]] |date=20 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dellanna |first1=Alessio |title=LGBT campaigners denounce President Duda's comments on &quot;communism&quot; |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/06/15/polish-president-says-lgbt-ideology-is-worse-than-communism |access-date=5 August 2020 |work=[[Euronews]] |date=15 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Sweden====
Mgbasa ozi megide nwoke na nwanyị na-akawanye njọ na mba Sweden. Ndị ọkà mmụta edekọọla etu mba Swidin, n'agbanyeghị aha ya dịka mba nhata nwoke na nwanyị, si emetụta ihe a kpọrọ &quot;onye nzuzu [[de-democratization]]&quot;, nke na-eme ka mba ahụ nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu, usoro nke obere mana mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mkparịta ụka na-emebi ụkpụrụ [[Democracy Liberal|Democracy Liberal]] site na ime ka ndị mmadụ na-adịghị ike dịka ndị trans, ndị si mba ọzọ kwabata, na ndị agbụrụ ha pere mpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karlberg&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Karlberg |first1=Eva |last2=Korolczuk |first2=Elżbieta |last3=Sältenberg |first3=Hansalbin |title=Insidious de-democratization: Conceptualizing anti-gender politics in Sweden |journal=[[Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=2025 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=732–748 |doi=10.1080/09589236.2024.2446345 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwalite okwu mkparị megide nwoke na nwanyị na Sweden, gụnyere ndị otu aka nri [[Sweden Democrats]] na [[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Christian Democrats]], ndị megidere mgbanwe iwu na-eme ka ikike ndị transgender sikwuo ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grahn&quot;/&gt; Ndị otu a na-akwado mmegide ha n'ihe gbasara ichekwa ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụkpụrụ ndị Sweden. N'otu oge ahụ, echiche ndị na-emegide nwoke na nwanyị amụbaala n'etiti ụfọdụ otu ndị na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike bụ́ ndị na-akpọ &quot;[[ndị na-akatọ nwoke na nwanyị]]&quot;. Otu ihe atụ pụtara ìhè bụ [[Swedish Women's Lobby]] (SWL), nke ndị ọkà mmụta na otu ndị obodo katọrọ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya maka ịnakwere ọnọdụ ndị na-abụghị ndị mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alm&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Alm |first1=Erika |last2=Engebretsen |first2=Elisabeth Lund |title=Gender Self-identification |journal=[[Lambda Nordica]]|date=2020 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=48–56 |doi=10.34041/ln.v25.613|hdl=11250/3048285 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Grahn&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Grahn |first1=Michal |last2=Holm |first2=Malin |title=Trans inclusive no more? Allies and adversaries of gender self-identification in Sweden |journal=European Journal of Politics and Gender |date=2025 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=234–241 |doi=10.1332/25151088Y2024D000000052}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Karlberg&quot;/&gt; Na 2025, SWL wepụtara otu Women's Platform for Action International (WoPAI), otu netwọk mba ụwa nke na-akwalite &quot;[[ikike ndị metụtara mmekọahụ]]&quot; ma na-emegide ihe ọ kpọrọ &quot;mmegharị na-akwado nwoke na nwanyị&quot;, &quot;[[atumatu queer]]&quot; na echiche nke [[njikọ nwoke na nwanyị]].&lt;ref name=&quot;who&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.womensplatformforaction.org/why-wopai-is-needed/ |title=Why WoPAI is needed |date=5 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220151317/https://www.womensplatformforaction.org/why-wopai-is-needed/ |publisher=Women's Platform for Action International (WoPAI) |archive-date=2025-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha na-egosi na mbọ ndị a na-alụso nwoke na nwanyị ọgụ na Sweden abụghị naanị ikike iwu kamakwa mmepụta ihe ọmụma, gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike na agụmakwụkwọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, nke ndị nkatọ na-akpọkarị dị ka echiche ma ọ bụ ihe na-abụghị sayensị. Ndị mmegide na-ejikarị arụmụka gbasara ichebe &quot;ezi uche&quot; na &quot;sayensị&quot; na mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-egosipụta akụkọ ndị metụtara mmegharị mba ụwa nke ndị aka nri na ndị populist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karlberg&quot;/&gt; Mmụba nke mkparịta ụka megide nwoke na nwanyị na-abawanye na mmụba nke ime ihe ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iyi egwu, karịsịa ndị na-akwado mgbanwe ụmụ nwanyị, ndị ọkà mmụta gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na ndị na-akwado agbụrụ. Nke a gụnyere mmegbu n'ịntanetị, iyi egwu, na mmegbu ọha. Ndị nchọpụta na-arụ ụka na ime ihe ike dị otú ahụ, ma ihe nnọchianya ma ihe anụ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ka ndị na-anaghị anabata echiche na imebi ndị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karlberg&quot;/&gt;

=== North America ===

==== Canada ====
N'afọ 2023, ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe megide LGBTQ, nke akpọrọ &quot;1 Million March 4 Children&quot;, mere n'obodo dị iche iche na Kanada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Week |first1=Peterborough This |title=Police close George Street for 1 Million March 4 Children protest and counter-protest in Peterborough |url=https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/police-close-george-street-for-1-million-march-4-children-protest-and-counter-protest-in/article_c5f930a1-dae2-5b42-83b1-aeffec7f0433.html |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=The Peterborough Examiner |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cross-country rallies against 'gender ideology' in schools met with counter-protests |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/cross-country-rallies-against-gender-ideology-in-schools-met-with-counter-protests-1.6569373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920165221/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/cross-country-rallies-against-gender-ideology-in-schools-met-with-counter-protests-1.6569373 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CTV News]] |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Why were there anti-LGBTQ2S+ demonstrations in Toronto? |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/why-were-there-anti-lgbtq2s-demonstrations-in-toronto-1.6569354 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=CP24 |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hundreds show up at rallies for and against teaching gender diversity in B.C. schools |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/sogi-marches-bc-1.6972195 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=20 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ngagharị iwe kwadoro ka e wepụ &quot;aha ndị a na-akpọ aha, echiche nwoke na nwanyị na ụlọ ịsa ahụ agwakọtara agwakọta&quot; n'ebe agụmakwụkwọ dị,&lt;ref name=&quot;chch 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Aru |title=Counter-rallies set amid Canada-wide protests against gender identity education |url=https://www.chch.com/counter-rallies-set-amid-canada-wide-protests-against-gender-identity-education/ |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=www.chch.com |date=20 September 2023 |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921134859/https://www.chch.com/counter-rallies-set-amid-canada-wide-protests-against-gender-identity-education/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ma kwuo na ụmụaka na-enweta isiokwu &quot;na-ekwesịghị ekwesị&quot; gbasara mmekọahụ na [[njide nwoke na nwanyị]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cross-country rallies against 'gender ideology' in schools met with counter-protests |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/events-planned-across-canada-to-counter-upcoming-anti-lgbtq2s-rallies-1.6569373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928072511/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/events-planned-across-canada-to-counter-upcoming-anti-lgbtq2s-rallies-1.6569373 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CTV News]] |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ọ dịkarịa ala, e mere atụmatụ ma ọ bụ mee ngagharịiwe 63 megide ngagharịiwe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;chch 1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bueckert |first1=Kate |title=Hundreds of protesters and counter-protesters rally in Kitchener, Guelph over LGBTQ rights in schools |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/waterloo-region-guelph-million-march-protest-counter-1.6971519 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=20 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Septemba 19, 2023, otu ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị na Ontario mebiri ụlọ ọrụ atọ site na ozi ndị na-emegide LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ontario school union tells premier to speak out after offices vandalized with anti-LGBTQ messages |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/cupe-vandalized-london-ont-1.6972049 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=19 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịzaghachi ngagharị ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị isi ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Ontario gosipụtara nkwado ha maka ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBTQ, ndị ọrụ, na ezinụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBC-Heated&quot;/&gt; Na [[Ottawa]], a nwụchiri ndị ngagharị iwe abụọ maka &quot;ịkpali ịkpọasị&quot; site na &quot;igosi ihe ndị na-egosi ịkpọasị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBC-Heated&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Arrests, heated exchanges mark rallies for and against teaching LGBTQ rights in schools |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/rallies-gender-schools-1.6972606 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=20 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jidere onye ọzọ maka nsogbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Three arrests made at 'Million March for Children' protest on Parliament Hill |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/three-arrests-made-at-million-march-for-children-protest-on-parliament-hill-1.6568706 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920190619/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/three-arrests-made-at-million-march-for-children-protest-on-parliament-hill-1.6568706 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=Ottawa |date=20 September 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onyeisi obodo Ottawa [[Mark Sutcliffe]] katọrọ ngagharịiwe ndị a,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Média |first1=Bell |title=Three arrests made at 'Million March for Children' protest on Parliament Hill |url=https://www.iheartradio.ca/580-cfra/news/ottawa-mayor-condemns-anti-lgbtq2s-million-march-for-children-rally-in-ottawa-1.20274472 |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=www.iheartradio.ca |date=20 September 2023 |language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana obodo ndị dị ka [[Whitehorse]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Giilck |first1=T.S. |title=Whitehorse Daily Star: City, YEU condemn 'Million March 4 Children' |url=https://www.whitehorsestar.com/News/city-yeu-condemn-million-march-4-children |access-date=20 September 2023 |work=[[Whitehorse Daily Star]] |date=19 September 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== United States ====

Na 2021, e nwere ngagharị iwe na [[Puerto Rico]] megide mmalite nke &quot;usoro mmụta echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha nke e kere n'okpuru Gọvanọ mbụ [[Alejandro García Padilla]] ma bụrụ nke e mere n'okpuru Gọvanọ [[Pedro Pierluisi]]. Ndị ngagharị iwe kwuru na ha megidere &quot;Echiche Okike&quot;. Ndị kwuru okwu gụnyere Bishop [[Daniel Fernández Torres]], ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Agustín Laje]], na ndị ndu okpukperechi ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/248699/march-against-gender-ideology-in-schools-held-in-puerto-rico|title=March against gender ideology in schools held in Puerto Rico}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Latin America ===

==== Brazil ====
Onye bụbu [[Onyeisiala Brazil]] [[Jair Bolsonaro]] akọwaala &quot;ndị ọkà mmụta echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot; dị ka ike na-emegide Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na-agbasochi omenala anya. O kwukwara na ọ chọrọ ịmachibido &quot;echiche nwoke na nwanyị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Abdou|first=Leila Hadj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYM0EAAAQBAJ|title=The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology|date=14 August 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-000-41700-5|editor-last=Haynes|editor-first=Jeffrey|language=en|chapter=Religion and Gender}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Colombia ====
N'oge ntuli aka [[2016 Colombia's convention convention conferendum]], otu Ndị Kraịst evangelical na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri bụ́ ndị megidere nkwekọrịta udo rụrụ ụka na nchekwa maka ndị LGBTQ nọ na nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ &quot;ngwa eji etinye echiche nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.{{sfn|Corredor|2019|p=614}}{{sfn|Kuhar |Paternotte|2017|p=3}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Beltran-Creely&quot;/&gt; Nke a nyeere aka kpalie ọtụtụ n'ime [[Mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Evangelical na Latin America|ndị ntuli aka oziọma]] imegide nkwekọrịta ahụ, nke ndị ntuli aka jụrụ n'ikpeazụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Beltran-Creely&quot;&gt;William Mauricio Beltrán, Sian Creely, ''[https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/9/12/418Pentecostals, Gender Ideology and the Peace Plebiscite: Colombia 2016]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', in ''Religions'' (2018), volume 9, issue 10&lt;/ref&gt; 50.22% (Mba) rụọ 49.78% (Ee).

=== Middle East ===
==== Iraq ====
N'afọ 2023, gọọmentị Iraq nyere iwu ka ọha na eze machibido ndị mgbasa ozi iji okwu ahụ bụ &quot;okike nwoke na nwanyị&quot;. O kwukwara ka e zere okwu ahụ bụ &quot;nwoke idina nwoke&quot; iji kwado &quot;mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Nazzarro |first=Miranda |date=10 August 2023 |title=Iraq bans media usage of words 'homosexuality', 'gender': reports |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4146466-iraq-bans-media-usage-homosexuality-gender-reports/ |website=The Hill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Turkey ====
Gọọmentị akwadola ngagharị iwe megide LGBTQ nke a kpọrọ &quot;Nzukọ Ezinụlọ Ukwu&quot; site n'izipụ nkwupụta ọha na eze na TV mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands gather at anti-LGBTI+ rally in İstanbul |url=https://bianet.org/haber/thousands-gather-at-anti-lgbti-rally-in-istanbul-267328 |access-date=26 March 2024 |website=bianet.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The state also suppresses pride parades.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 June 2023 |title=Police detain 50 after Pride march in Istanbul |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/police-detain-50-after-pride-march-istanbul-2023-06-25/ |access-date=26 March 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu n'ime isi ihe kpatara ihe a ji emegide nwoke na nwanyị bụ ọgbakọ okpukpe dị na Tọki. Ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị niile dị mkpa nke [[People's Alliance (Turkey)|Cumhur İttifakı]] na ụfọdụ ndị a ma ama sitere na pati ndị mmegide, na-etinyekwa aka n'okwu megide nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 May 2023 |title=LGBTİ+ dernekleri, seçim kampanyasındaki nefret dilinden şikayetçi: 'Biz kime güveneceğiz?' |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/clm99rg915po |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=BBC News Türkçe |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hukwa ==
* ''[[Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe]]'' – akwụkwọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo gbasara mmegharị ahụ
* [[Anti-transgender movement in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Christianity and transgender people]]
* [[Discrimination against non-binary people]]
* [[Gender and politics]]
* [[Gender empowerment]]
* [[Homosexuality and religion]]
* [[Identity politics]]
* [[List of conspiracy theories]]
* [[Societal attitudes toward homosexuality]]
* [[Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States]]

== Edensibia ==
;Notes
{{notelist}}

;Footnotes
{{reflist}}

== Isi mmalite ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes|35em}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bellè |first1=Elisa |last2=Poggio |first2=Barbara |editor1-last=Kovala |editor1-first=Urpo |editor2-last=Palonen |editor2-first=Emilia |editor3-last=Ruotsalainen |editor3-first=Maria |editor4-last=Saresma |editor4-first=Tuija |title=Populism on the loose |date=2018 |publisher=Nykykulttuurin tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja |isbn=978-951-39-7401-5 |url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/57477 |chapter=New faces of populism: the Italian 'anti-gender' mobilization |chapter-url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/57477/978-951-39-7401-5.pdf?sequence=3&amp;isAllowed=y#page=120 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Butler |first=Judith |title=Who's Afraid of Gender? |url=https://archive.org/details/whosafraidofgend0000unse |date= |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |year=2024 |isbn=978-0-374-60822-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY |language=en }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Donà |first1=Alessia |title=The populist Italian Lega from ethno-regionalism to radical right-wing nationalism: backsliding gender-equality policies with a little help from the anti-gender movement |journal=European Journal of Politics and Gender |date=2020 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=161–163 |doi=10.1332/251510819X15657567135115 |s2cid=202306955}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Careaga-Pérez |first1=Gloria |title=Moral Panic and Gender Ideology in Latin America |journal=Religion and Gender |date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=251–255 |doi=10.18352/rg.10174 |doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Corredor |first1=Elizabeth S. |title=Unpacking 'Gender Ideology' and the Global Right's Antigender Countermovement |url=https://archive.org/details/signs_spring-2019_44_3/page/613 |journal=[[Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]] |date=2019 |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=613–638 |doi=10.1086/701171 |s2cid=150203294 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Dahl |first1=Ulrika |last2=kennedy-macfoy |first2=madeleine |title=(Anti) Gender Studies and Populist movements in Europe |journal=[[European Journal of Women's Studies]] |date=2020 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=282–284 |doi=10.1177/1350506820929220 |s2cid=219756407}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Gallot |first1=Fanny |last2=Pasquier |first2=Gaël |title=L'école à l'épreuve de la 'théorie du genre' : les effets d'une polémique: Introduction |journal=Cahiers du Genre |date=2018 |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=5– |doi=10.3917/cdge.065.0005 |doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Graff |first1=Agnieszka |author-link=Agnieszka Graff |title=Report from the gender trenches: War against 'genderism' in Poland |journal=European Journal of Women's Studies |date=2014 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=431–435 |doi=10.1177/1350506814546091 |s2cid=147367936}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Graff |first1=Agnieszka |title='Gender Ideology': Weak Concepts, Powerful Politics |journal=Religion and Gender |date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=268–272 |doi=10.18352/rg.10177 |doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Harsin |first1=Jayson |title=Post-Truth Populism: The French Anti-Gender Theory Movement and Cross-Cultural Similarities |journal=[[Communication, Culture and Critique]] |date=2018 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=35–52 |doi=10.1093/ccc/tcx017}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |editor1-last=Köttig |editor1-first=Michaela |editor2-last=Bitzan |editor2-first=Renate |editor3-last=Petö |editor3-first=Andrea |title=Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-43533-6 |pages=175–189 |chapter=The Emergence of Powerful Anti-Gender Movements in Europe and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Kuhar |editor1-first=Roman |editor2-last=Paternotte |editor2-first=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |url=https://archive.org/details/antigendercampai0000unse |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |chapter=Anti-gender discourse in Hungary: A discourse without a movement? |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |last2=Pető |first2=Andrea |pages=[https://archive.org/details/antigendercampai0000unse/page/117 117]–132 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |title=Questioning Consensuses: Right-Wing Populism, Anti-Populism, and the Threat of 'Gender Ideology' |journal=[[Sociological Research Online]] |date=2018 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=528–538 |doi=10.1177/1360780418764735 |s2cid=149904118}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Kováts |editor-first=Eszter |editor2-first=Maari |editor2-last=Põim |date=2015 |title=Gender as Symbolic Glue. The Position and Role of Conservative and Far Right Parties in the Anti-gender Mobilisation in Europe. |publisher=Foundation for European Progressive Studies and [[Friedrich Ebert Foundation]] |url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/budapest/11382.pdf }}
* {{cite book |last1=Kováts |first1=Eszter |editor1-last=Dietze |editor1-first=Gabriele |editor2-last=Roth |editor2-first=Julia |title=Right-Wing Populism and Gender: European Perspectives and Beyond |date=2020 |publisher=transcript Verlag |isbn=978-3-8394-4980-6 |chapter=Post-Socialist Conditions and the Orbán Government's Gender Politics between 2010 and 2019 in Hungary |pages=75–99 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/42823107 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Kuhar |first1=Roman |last2=Paternotte |first2=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |url=https://archive.org/details/antigendercampai0000unse |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |chapter=Introduction }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Marchlewska |first1=Marta |last2=Cichocka |first2=Aleksandra |last3=Łozowski |first3=Filip |last4=Górska |first4=Paulina |last5=Winiewski |first5=Mikołaj |title=In search of an imaginary enemy: Catholic collective narcissism and the endorsement of gender conspiracy beliefs |journal=[[The Journal of Social Psychology]] |date=2019 |volume=159 |issue=6 |pages=766–779 |doi=10.1080/00224545.2019.1586637 |pmid=30870100 |s2cid=78092505 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/73073/4/In%20Search%20of%20an%20Imaginary%20Enemy1.pdf |ref={{sfnref |Marchlewska et al. |2019}} }}
* {{cite book |first1=Stefanie |last1=Mayer |first2=Birgit |last2=Sauer |editor1-last=Kuhar |editor1-first=Roman |editor2-last=Paternotte |editor2-first=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |title-link=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |chapter='Gender ideology' in Austria: Coalitions around an empty signifier}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pető |first1=Andrea |title=Gender and Power in Eastern Europe |date=2021 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-53130-0 |pages=35–44 |chapter-url=https://hal.science/hal-04215248/file/Feminist_Stories_from_an_Illiberal_State.pdf |chapter=Feminist Stories from an Illiberal State: Revoking the License to Teach Gender Studies in Hungary at a University in Exile (CEU) |series=Societies and Political Orders in Transition |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-53130-0_4 |s2cid=228869405 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Rawłuszko |first1=Marta |title=And If the Opponents of Gender Ideology Are Right? Gender Politics, Europeanization, and the Democratic Deficit |journal=Politics &amp; Gender |date=2019 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=301–323 |doi=10.1017/S1743923X19000576 |s2cid=210541940}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sosa |first1=Lorena |title=Beyond gender equality? Anti-gender campaigns and the erosion of human rights and democracy |journal=Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights |date=2021 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=3–10 |doi=10.1177/0924051921996697 |s2cid=232132773|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |url=https://www.wydawnictwo.wsb.pl/sites/wydawnictwo.wsb.pl/files/czasopisma-tresc/chsp_14_net.pdf#page=13 |journal=Chorzowskie Studia Polityczne |issue=14 |date=2017 |last=Wawrowski |first=Łukasz |title=Czy jest sens dyskutować z przeciwnikami tzw. ideologii gender? |language=pl |trans-title=Does it make sense to debate the opponents of the so-called gender ideology? |pages=13– |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=31 May 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114045510/https://www.wydawnictwo.wsb.pl/sites/wydawnictwo.wsb.pl/files/czasopisma-tresc/chsp_14_net.pdf#page=13 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Żuk |first1=Piotr |last2=Żuk |first2=Paweł |title='Murderers of the unborn' and 'sexual degenerates': analysis of the 'anti-gender' discourse of the Catholic Church and the nationalist right in Poland |journal=Critical Discourse Studies |date=2019 |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=566–588 |doi=10.1080/17405904.2019.1676808 |s2cid=210358322}}
{{refend}}

== Ịgụkwu ihe ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes|35em}}
* {{cite book |title=Anti-Gender Movements on the Rise? Strategising for Gender Equality in Central and Eastern Europe |date=2015 |publisher=[[Heinrich Böll Foundation]] |isbn=978-3-86928-139-1 |url=https://www.boell.de/en/2015/04/21/anti-gender-movements-rise |series=Publication Series on Democracy |volume=38}}
* {{cite book |last1=Graff |first1=Agnieszka |last2=Korolczuk |first2=Elżbieta |title=Anti-Gender Politics in the Populist Moment |url=https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/50542 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |hdl=20.500.12657/50542 |isbn=978-1-000-41334-2 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Hark |editor1-first=Sabine |editor2-last=Villa |editor2-first=Paula-Irene |title=Anti-Genderismus: Sexualität und Geschlecht als Schauplätze aktueller politischer Auseinandersetzungen |date=2017 |publisher=transcript Verlag |isbn=978-3-8394-3144-3 |language=de, en |trans-title=Anti-genderism: Sexuality and gender as arenas of current political conflicts}}&lt;!-- Review: http://www.ethik-und-gesellschaft.de/ojs/index.php/eug/article/viewFile/eug-2-2017-rez-5/517 --&gt;
*Aiko Holvikivi, Billy Holzberg, Tomás Ojeda, eds. (2024): ''Transnational Anti-Gender Politics: Feminist Solidarity in Times of Global Attacks'', Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-3-031-54222-0
* {{cite journal |last1=Krampl |first1=Ulrike |last2=von Tippelskirch |first2=Xenia |title=Anti-Gender-Bewegungen in Europa. Erste kritische Bestandsaufnahmen |journal=L'Homme |date=2017 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=101–108 |doi=10.14220/lhom.2017.28.2.101 |language=de}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Kuhar |editor1-first=Roman |editor2-last=Paternotte |editor2-first=David |title=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality |title-link=Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-1-78660-001-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Lavizzari |first1=Anna |title=Protesting Gender: The LGBTIQ Movement and its Opponents in Italy |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-76792-6}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sauer |first1=Birgit |editor1-last=Atzmüller |editor1-first=Roland |editor2-last=Aulenbacher |editor2-first=Brigitte |editor3-last=Brand |editor3-first=Ulrich |editor4-last=Décieux |editor4-first=Fabienne |editor5-last=Fischer |editor5-first=Karin |editor6-last=Sauer |editor6-first=Birgit |title=Capitalism in Transformation: Movements and Countermovements in the 21st Century |date=2019 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-78897-424-0 |pages=169–182 |chapter=Cultural war 2.0? The relevance of gender in the radical populist-nationalist right}}
* {{cite book |last1=Towns |first1=Ann |title=Culture and Order in World Politics |date=2020 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-48497-8 |pages=271–293 |chapter=Gender, Nation and the Generation of Cultural Difference across 'The West'}}
{{refend}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/tag/anti-gender-politics/ Anti-gender politics] at [[London School of Economics]] blogs
* [https://www.ilga-europe.org/responding-to-anti-gender Responding to anti-gender] at [[ILGA-Europe]]


[[Category:21st-century social movements]]
[[Category:Anti-gender movement| ]]
[[Category:Anti-LGBTQ sentiment]]
[[Category:Anti-rights movements]]
[[Category:Christian fundamentalism]]
[[Category:Discrimination against transgender people]]
[[Category:LGBTQ-related controversies]]
[[Category:Moral panic]]
[[Category:Radical feminism]]
[[Category:Religion and LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Right-wing politics]]
[[Category:Right-wing populism]]
[[Category:Scares]]
[[Category:Sexuality and gender-related conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Social conservatism]]
[[Category:Transgender topics and religion]]
[[Category:Transphobia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marie Goldsmith</title>
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      <text bytes="54829" sha1="hzl5a4b73hz1gzn9hj5grd72poynvjc" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na onye na-amụ banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ na ndị agha Russia-French (1871–1933)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix  = 
| name              = Marie Goldsmith
| honorific_suffix  = 
| native_name       = Мария Гольдсмит
| native_name_lang  = ru
| image             = Marie Goldsmith (retouched) (3x4 cropped).jpg
| alt               = Sepia headshot of Marie Goldsmith, a woman with white hair and wearing a black dress
| caption           = Goldsmith, 1916
| birth_name        = Maria Isidorovna Goldsmit
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1871|07|19|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russian Empire&lt;!--See [[MOS:GEOLINK]]--&gt;
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1933|01|11|1871|07|19|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Paris]], France
| resting_place     = [[Cimetière parisien de Thiais|Thiais Cemetery]]
| other_names       = {{hlist|Maria Korn|Maria Isidine}}
| siglum            = 
| pronounce         =
| citizenship       = [[French nationality law|French]] (from 1924)
| fields            = [[Evolutionary biology]], [[ichthyology]]
| education         = [[University of Paris]]
| alma_mater        = 
| thesis_title      = Réactions physiologiques et psychique des poissons
| thesis_year       = 1915
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Yves Delage]]
| spouse            = 
| partner           = 
| children          = 
| parents           = 
| father            = [[Isidor Goldsmith]]
| mother            = [[Sofia Goldsmith]]
}}

'''Maria Isidorovna Goldsmith''' {{OldStyleDate|19{{nbsp}}Julaị|1871|7{{nbsp}}Julaị}} {{snd}}11{{nbsp}}Jenụwarị 1933) bụ onye na-ekwu okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye Russia na French bụ onye ọkachamara ihe ndị dị ndụ.

A mụrụ ya na [[Alaeze Ukwu Russia]], a manyere ya ịkwaga mba ọzọ mgbe ọ dị obere n'ihi [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike]] nke ndị mụrụ ya. Na [[Paris]], nne ya metụtara mmasị ya na [[sayensị eke]] na nkà ihe ọmụma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke [[anarchism]]. N'afọ 1890, ọ debanyere aha ịmụ [[bayọlọji]] na [[Mahadum Paris]] wee sonye na ndị a chụpụrụ [[anarchism na Russia|Russian]] na ndị diasporic [[anarchism ndị Juu|mmegharị ndị Juu anarchist]]. Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ maka [[PhD]] ya, ọ bịara n'okpuru nduzi nke ndị ọkà mmụta banyere evolushọn [[Yves Delage]] na [[Peter Kropotkin]], ndị metụtara nghọta ya banyere [[Darwinism|Evolushọn Darwinian]], [[Lamarckism|Ihe nketa Lamarckian]] na [[enyemaka ibe]]. Mgbe [[Mgbanwe Russia nke 1905]] malitere, ya na [[Georgy Gogelia]] hiwere otu [[Achịcha na Nnwere Onwe]], n'ime ha ghọrọ mmadụ abụọ n'ime ndị mbụ Russia na-akwado [[anarcho-syndicalism]].

N'afọ 1910, Goldsmith bipụtara usoro akwụkwọ gbasara ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ọdịnala, ya na Delage dere ha. Ha abụọ nyochachara echiche dị iche iche gbasara evolushọn ma mee ihe akaebe maka [[mmekọrịta]] dị ka ihe nwere mmetụta karịa [[asọmpi]], na-emegide [[okpukpe Darwin]] na ozizi nke &quot;[[nlanarị nke ndị kacha sie ike]]&quot;. Ha gbachitekwara ozizi nke [[symbiogenesis]] ma nyochaa ọtụtụ ikpe nke [[symbiosis]] n'okike. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1915, Goldsmith emechaala PhD ya wee banye n'ọrụ nyocha [[parthenogenesis]], [[tropism]], [[comparative psychology]] na [[evolutionary psychology]]. Isi ihe o lekwasịrị anya bụ [[bayọlọji mmiri]] na omume azụ. Mgbe [[Agha Ụwa Nke Mbụ]] malitere, o tinyere aka n'akụkụ nke ''[[Manifesto of the Sixteen]]'' n'ime [[internationalist–defencist schism]], o gosikwara nkwado ya maka [[Russian Revolution]] nke afọ 1917 ruo mgbe a chụpụsịrị [[Kronstadt Rebellion]].

Mgbe Delage na Kropotkin nwụsịrị na mbido afọ 1920, Goldsmith kewapụrụ onwe ya n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ma gbalịsie ike ịchọta ọrụ siri ike. Ọnọdụ ya dịka onye mba ọzọ, nwanyị na onye na-akwado ndị isi ike a ma ama mere ka ihe isi ike ya ka njọ. N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1920, ọ banyere n'arụmụka ndị otu anarchist gbara gburugburu ''[[Platformism|the Platform]]'', nke ọ katọrọ maka [[authoritarianism|authoritarian tendencies]]. Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị na Jenụwarị 1933, o gburu onwe ya. Ọrụ ya nọgidere na-enwe mmetụta n'ime ngalaba sayensị ya, yana mmegharị ndị anarchist, ruo narị afọ nke 21.

==Ndụ mbụ na mmegharị ahụ==
A mụrụ Maria Isidorovna Goldsmith na {{OldStyleDate|19 July|1871|7 July}},{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=89|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2p=516}} n'isi obodo Russia nke [[Saint Petersburg]].{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=89|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2p=516}} Nna ya bụ [[Isidor Goldsmith|Isidor Albertovich]], ọkaiwu na onye mbipụta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Positivism|positivist]];{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=39|2a1=Hough|2y=2023|2pp=89, 93|3a1=Maitron|3y=2014}} o si n'ezinụlọ nke [[Conversions of Jews to Christianity#Russia|Ndị Juu ghọrọ ndị a tọghatara]] ba [[Lutheranism]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=89, 93}} Nne ya bụ [[Sofia Goldsmith|Sofia Ivanovna]], dọkịta na ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara osisi; o si n'ezinụlọ ndị isi Russia.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=89, 93}} Ndị mụrụ Goldsmith hụrụ na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ kemgbe ọ dị obere.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=89}} 

Nne na nna Goldsmith abụọ ahụ tinyere aka na [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike]], dị ka ndị na-eso ụzọ onye otu ọkachamara mmekọrịta mmadụ n'ibe ya [[Pyotr Lavrov]]{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=39|2a1=Hough|2y=2023|2pp=89–90|3a1=Maitron|3y=2014}} na ndị enyi nke [[ezinụlọ Bakunin]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=89–90}} A manyere ha ịbanye [[Mbugharị | mbugharị ime obodo]] na [[Russian North]] maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha, ma gbapụ na [[Alaeze Ukwu Russia]] kpamkpam na June 1884.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=89–90}} Ka ọ bụ nwata, ndị mụrụ Goldsmith kpọọrọ ya gaa mba ọzọ na Frans wee biri na [[Paris]].{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=90|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} N'ebe ahụ, e jidere Isidor, tụọ ya mkpọrọ, o wee nwụọ n'oge na-adịghị anya n'ihi ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala. Ebe ọ bụ na nne ya na-arịakwa ọrịa ogologo oge, a manyere Goldsmith ịbanye n'ọrụ mgbe ọ dị obere iji lekọta onwe ya na nne ya.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=90}} Ọ ga-anọgide na-ebi ma na-elekọta nne ya, ọbụna ruo mgbe ọ toro.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=91, 93}} Site n'ike nne ya, Goldsmith malitere inwe mmasị na [[sayensị eke]] na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=90–92}} 

Ahụmịhe ya emeela ka ọ ghara ịtụkwasị [[steeti (ọchịchị)|steeti]] obi, n'oge afọ 1890, ọ gbapụrụ gaa n'ihu [[anarchism]] mgbe ọ gara nkuzi nke [[Saul Yanovsky]] na [[Peter Kropotkin]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=92}} Ọ tụgharịrị ụlọ ya dị na {{ill|Rue Marie-Rose|fr}} n'ebe a na-ezukọ maka ndị a chụpụrụ n'ala ọzọ [[anarchiism na Russia|ndị anarchist Russia]], hụ na ndị ọchịchị aka ike nọ n'ime ndị otu ndị si mba Russia kwaga na Paris.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=93}} Goldsmith malitekwara idegara [[Emma Goldman]] onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anarchist akwụkwọ ozi ruo ogologo ndụ ya.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=92–93}} O mekwara ka [[ndị Juu na-enweghị ọchịchị|ndị otu ndị na-anaghị asọpụrụ Chineke]] nke [[ndị Juu bi na mba ọzọ]] na Paris nwee mmekọrịta; ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ya onwe ya bụ onye na-eso ụzọ [[Judaism]] ma ọ mụbeghị [[Yiddish]], ọ ka maara na nna ya bụ onye Juu. Ọ naghị ahapụkarị ihe omume ndị otu anarchist ndị Juu, ọ bụkwa n'ime ebe a ka o malitere ọrụ ya nke ngagharị iwe ndị anarchist ma mepụta echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ya.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=93}}

==Ọrụ==

===Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ sayensị mbụ===
[[File:Yves Delage. Photograph. Wellcome V0028126.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait photograph of Yves Delage, wearing a suit and glasses, sitting in profile to the camera|[[Yves Delage]], Onye nkuzi Goldsmith na onye mmekọ sayensị]]

Mgbe Goldsmith tolitere, o debanyere aha na [[Mahadum nke Paris]] iji mụọ [[bayọlọji]].{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=90–91|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2p=516}} Na 1892, ọ sonyeere òtù [[Internationalist Revolutionary Socialist Students]] (ESRI),{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=92|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} n'ime ya ka o dere akwụkwọ nta gbasara [[anarcha-feminism|feminism anarchist]] na [[anti-Zionism]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=92}} O sonyekwara [[Bourse du Travail]] na [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]], nke o nọchitere anya na [[International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress, London 1896|International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress]] na London; ebe ahụ ka ọ nọ n'òtù ndị na-emegide omeiwu.{{sfn|Maitron|2014}} Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ [[Licentiate (degree)|Licentiate]] ya na 1894, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dịka onye ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha physiology nke Mahadum ahụ, mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ maka [[PhD]] n'okpuru ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ọdịnala evolushọn [[Yves Delage]].{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=90–91|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2p=516}} Goldsmith na Delage ghọrọ ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ma na-eme nchọpụta.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=90–91|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2p=517}} Delage appointed Goldsmith as [[general secretary]] of the scientific journal ''L'année biologique'',{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=90–91|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014|3a1=Ogilvie|3a2=Harvey|3y=2000|3pp=516–517}} which she ran from 1902 to 1924.{{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}} 

[[File:Peter_Kropotkin_circa_1900.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait photograph of Peter Kropotkin, wearing glasses, a suit and a long white beard|[[Peter Kropotkin]], Onye ndụmọdụ na onye ya na Goldsmith na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ihe gbasara sayensị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]

Goldsmith ghọkwara ezigbo enyi nke ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ́ Peter Kropotkin, na-ederịtakwa ya akwụkwọ mgbe niile gbasara sayensị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na 1897 ruo 1917.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=92–93|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2pp=516–517|3a1=Howell|3y=1999|3p=397|4a1=Purchase|4y=2003|4p=190|5a1=Slatter|5y=1997|5p=472}} Ebe ọ bụ na a machibidoro Kropotkin ịbanye France, ha enweghị ike izute ihu na ihu.{{sfn|Slatter|1997|p=472}} Dịka Delage na Kropotkin, Goldsmith ghọrọ onye na-akwado [[Darwinism|Ozizi Darwinian]] na [[evolution]] nke ọma na [[Lamarckism|Ozizi Lamarckian]] gbasara [[ihe nketa]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=94}} Kropotkin nyere Goldsmith ọrụ imecha na nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ ya ''[[Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution]]'', ọ bụrụ na ọ nwụọ, dịka o kwenyere na Goldsmith bụ naanị onye kerịtara ma ihe ọmụma sayensị ya na echiche ụwa.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=95}}

===Mgbanwe nke 1905===
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1903, echiche mgbanwe malitere ịpụta ìhè n'etiti ndị si mba Rọshịa; Goldsmith buru amụma na mgbanwe ga-eme na Rọshịa.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|pp=38–39}} Ya na onye na-eme ihe ike na Georgian [[Georgy Gogelia]], Goldsmith hiwere otu ndị anarchist-communist [[Achịcha na Nnwere Onwe]], bụ́ ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ọnwa site na [[Geneva]] ma na-ezoro ha ezoo ba Rọshịa.{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=39|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} Goldsmith wrote for the journal under the [[pen name]] &quot;Maria Korn&quot;.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=100n2|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014|3a1=Woodcock|3a2=Avakumović|3y=1990|3p=360}} Site n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, Goldsmith na Gogelia ghọrọ mmadụ abụọ n'ime ndị mbụ na-akwado [[mmekọrịta ihe]] na mmegharị ndị anarchist nke Russia.{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=76|2a1=Thorpe|2y=2010|2p=20}} Ha toro [[mmebi]] na [[n'ozuzu ogbugbu]] dị ka ngwaọrụ dị ike nke ndị ọrụ nwere ike iji gosipụta onwe ha, n'oge okwu ndị dị otú ahụ ka dị iche na [[asụsụ Russia]].{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=76}} 

Goldsmith n'onwe ya kwadoro ihe nlereanya nke ndị France [[General Confederation of Labour (France)|General Confederation of Labour]] (CGT) dị ka ihe nlereanya maka ndị na-emegide ọchịchị Russia ịgbaso.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|pp=76–77}} Goldsmith kwadoro maka [[anarcho-syndicalism]],{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=94–95|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} na-arụ ụka na omume ndị otu syndicalist nke mgbanwe kwekọrọ naanị na ụkpụrụ omume na nkà ihe ọmụma nke anarchism.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=94–95}} Echiche ahụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa, ya na ngagharị iwe izugbe malitere na [[Baku]] na mbido Julaị 1903.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=76}} N'afọ sochirinụ, ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Ukraine [[Chernigov Governorate|Chernigov]], malitere ịchọ ịmepụta otu ndị ọrụ mgbanwe, dịka ihe Goldsmith na Gogelia tụrụ aro.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=108}} Mgbe [[Mgbanwe Russia nke 1905]] malitere, ngagharị iwe gbasaara n'ofe mba ahụ na ngwụcha Ọktoba.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=76}} Ihe ndị a mere ka ọtụtụ ndị tinyere aka n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ laghachi Rọshịa, a kwụsịkwara ibipụta ya na Nọvemba afọ 1905.{{sfn|Woodcock|Avakumović|1990|p=368}} Dịka Goldsmith si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ enweghị ike ịgbasa n'ime Rọshịa n'ihi oke ọrụ teknụzụ na nhazi.{{sfn|Woodcock|Avakumović|1990|p=369}} 

Goldsmith na Gogelia nwere olileanya karịa maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya karịa onye ndụmọdụ ha bụ Kropotkin, onye nọgidere na-akwado naanị otu ndị ọrụ.{{sfnm|Avrich|1971|pp=81–82}} Kropotkin nwere obi abụọ gbasara omume [[vanguardism|vanguardist]] nke syndicalism ma dọọ aka ná ntị megide mmetụta Marxist n'ime otu ndị ọrụ.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=82}} Goldsmith chetara na Kropotkin siri ike n'okwu gbasara atụmatụ, ma gosipụta iro megide echiche ahụ bụ na &quot;[[ọgwụgwụ na-akwado ụzọ]]&quot;.{{sfn|Woodcock|Avakumović|1990|p=360}} Ka nnapụ na ihe onwunwe na-ebutekarị mmegbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, o kwuru na ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya kwadoro mmegide Kropotkin megide ya.{{sfn|Woodcock|Avakumović|1990|p=362}} Goldsmith katọrọkwa ụdị [[Marxism|Marxist]] na [[Sorelianism|Sorelian]] nke syndicalism, nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwadoro nke ukwuu, nke na-enweghị njikọ na otu ọrụ; o kwenyere na syndicalism bụ omenala anarchist sitere n'okike.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|pp=108–110}} 

Mgbe e gbusịrị Mgbanwe nke afọ 1905, Goldsmith na ndị otu ya malitere ịkwadebe onwe ha ozugbo maka nke na-esote.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=114}} O hiwere otu Paris nke ndị otu Anarchist-Communist nke Russia, nke ruru mmadụ iri ise ma zukọta n'ụlọ ya.{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=114|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} Na 1906, otu ahụ malitere ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Burevestnik (1906)|Burevestnik]]'', nke Goldsmith dere akwụkwọ.{{sfn|Maitron|2014}} Ha haziri ngagharị iwe oge niile iji cheta ncheta ncheta nke [[Paris Commune]] na [[Haymarket affair]],{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=114}} tinyekwara n'ụbọchị ọmụmụ [[Mikhail Bakunin]], ebe Goldsmith na Gogelia kwuru okwu.{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=114|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} Ha abụọ dekwara akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ syndicalist nke Russia-American ''[[Golos Truda]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=115|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} Goldsmith na Kropotkin kwurịtakwara maka imepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ nke ndị anarchist, nke e mere kpọmkwem ka ọ dọta mmasị ndị ọrụ ugbo Russia.{{sfn|Woodcock|Avakumović|1990|p=365}} Mgbe obere oge gasịrị ikpalite otu Bread and Freedom nke Russia, Kropotkin malitere idere ndị otu Kọmunist na-anaghị asọpụrụ ndị Russia akwụkwọ ''Rabochi Mir'', ọ bụ ezie na dịka Goldsmith si kwuo, o tinyeghị aka karịa na ya ebe ọ bụ na ọ tụkwasịghị nnukwu òtù obi.{{sfn|Woodcock|Avakumović|1990|p=371}} Na 1906, ọ gara ogbako nke ndị Russia a chụpụrụ n'agha na [[London]], ebe o dere akụkọ gbasara akụnụba, nhazi na atụmatụ ndị anarchist.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014|3a1=Skirda|3y=2002|3p=76}} N'otu n'ime akụkọ ndị ahụ, ọ kwadoro [[ọchịchị ndị Kọmunist]] na [[njikwa ndị ọrụ]] nke [[ụzọ mmepụta]], na-ekwupụta nkwenye ya na [[ikpe ziri ezi]] na [[ịdị n'otu]] n'ụdị ha kachasị mma dị mkpa maka mmepe omume nke mmadụ niile na ịmepụta [[nnwere onwe|obodo nweere onwe ya]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=95}}

===Mbipụta sayensị===
[[File:Goldsmith-lab.png|thumb|alt=Photograph of Marie Goldsmith, wearing a lab coat, working at a laboratory desk covered with papers and bottles|Goldsmith nọ n'ụlọ nyocha ya (1910)]]

Site na 1909 ruo 1917, Goldsmith na Delage so dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara bayoloji evolushọn.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=90–91|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} Akwụkwọ mbụ ha, ''The Theories of Evolution'', malitere site na mmegide okpukperechi [[Mmepụta Ihe#Nkatọ Sayensị|ngọnarị nke Okike]] wee soro ya nwee mkparịta ụka dị ogologo nke echiche evolushọn dị iche iche.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=94}} N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Goldsmith na Delage kọwara Darwinism dị ka ozizi nke na-emesi ike na enweghị usoro [[mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa]], [[mgba maka ịdị adị]] na [[nhọrọ okike]] dị ka isi ihe ndị kpatara evolushọn.{{sfn|Gillott|2017|p=4}} Ha wee kọwaa Lamarckism nke ọma dị ka ozizi nke na-emesi ike [[mmeghari]] nke onye ọ bụla na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ya, kama [[nchọpụta tupu oge eruo]], dị ka ihe nlereanya maka evolushọn.{{sfnm|1a1=Gillott|1y=2017|1p=5|2a1=Jablonka|2a2=Lamb|2y=1995|2p=10|3a1=Meloni|3y=2016|3p=2}} Ha tụnyere echiche dị warara nke Lamarckism na uche siri ike nke [[Neo-Darwinism]], dịka [[August Weismann]] si kwuo ya .{{sfn|Jablonka|Lamb|1995|p=10}} Dịka echiche ha banyere Lamarckism si dị, ihe nketa na-eme mgbe mgbanwe na ihe mkpali gburugburu ebe obibi na-adabereghị na ya n'ọgbọ ndị sochirinụ; Ha kọwara ihe nketa Lamarckian naanị n'ụzọ nkọwa, n'emeghị echiche gbasara usoro maka mgbanwe n'etiti mgbanwe &quot;na-adabere na mkpali&quot; na &quot;na-adabeghi na mkpali&quot;.{{sfn|Jablonka|Lamb|1995|p=11}} N'isiakwụkwọ gbasara [[Nkọwapụta|mmalite nke ụdị]], ha tụlere ọrụ nwere ike ịrụ nke [[ọdịdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa allopatric]] na [[ichepụta ọmụmụ]], ọ bụ ezie na ha kwusiri ike na ha enweghị echiche zuru oke nke nwere ike ịme ka mgbanwe na ụdịdị dị iche iche bụrụ otu usoro; echiche a a tụrụ aro ga-apụta ọtụtụ iri afọ ka e mesịrị, ya na mmepe nke [[mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mmadụ]].{{sfn|Broquet|Destombe|Valero|Jollivet|2023|p=10}} Akwụkwọ ahụ mechiri site na nchịkọta nke ozizi Kropotkin nke [[enyemaka ibe ya] dị ka ihe kpatara evolushọn.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=94|2a1=Purchase|2y=2003|2pp=92–93, 190}} N'ihi ihe akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru nke na-emegide okpukperechi, e bipụtaghachiri okwu mmalite ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị na-anaghị anabata okpukperechi nke [[Jean Grave]] ''{{ill|Les Temps nouveaux (newspaper){{!}}Les Temps nouveaux|fr|Les Temps nouveaux (journal)}}''. Akwụkwọ a nabatara nke ọma site n'aka ndị nta akụkọ mba ụwa, ebe ''[[The New York Times]]'' na-akọwa ya dị ka akụkọ zuru oke nke arụmụka nke oge a gbasara bayoloji evolushọn.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=94}} Nsụgharị Bekee ya bụ nke onye otu ndị ọchịchị aka ike [[André Tridon]] ji aka ya sụgharịa.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=94}} 

N'isiokwu e bipụtara n'afọ 1911 n'akwụkwọ akụkọ [[anarchism na Portugal|Portuguese anarchist]] ''{{lang|pt|A Sementeira}}'', Goldsmith na Delage sitere n'akwụkwọ [[Charles Darwin]] ''[[The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex|The Descent of Man]]'' iji mee ka ọrụ [[mmekọ ihe ọnụ]] na [[ịdị n'otu]] dị na evolushọn pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=94}} Ha gbaghakwara ozizi [[Herbert Spencer]] nke &quot;[[nlanarị nke ndị kacha sie ike]]&quot; na [[Thomas Henry Huxley|T.H. Huxley]] &quot;[[mgba maka ịdị adị]]&quot;, na-egosi ha dị ka mmebi nke Darwinism iji kwado [[usoro] mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị ugbu a na enweghị njide onwe onye [[asọmpi]] na-emebi ịdị n'otu na mmekorita.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=94|2a1=La Vergata|2y=2023|2p=496}} Ha boro Huxley ebubo na o mere ka echiche Darwin banyere mgba maka ịdị adị dịkwuo mfe site n'ibelata ya ka ọ bụrụ &quot;ọgụ ruo ọnwụ&quot;, ebe ha kọwara ya dị ka mgba site n'aka ihe ndị dị ndụ megide ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Site n'aka Kropotkin, Goldsmith na Delage chọrọ iwepụ asọmpi ma mee ka ọ pụta ìhè mkpa ọ dị imekọ ihe ọnụ. N'ịma aka kpọmkwem megide &quot;onye kacha dịrị ndụ&quot;, ha tụrụ aro na ọnọdụ ọjọọ dịka ụnwụ nri na oké ọkọchị mere ka mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kachasị sie ike ghara ịdị irè, ebe ọnọdụ dị mma nyere ohere ka mgbanwe ọhụrụ baa ọgaranya.{{sfn|La Vergata|2023|p=496}} Ha kwuru na, n'ọnọdụ dị oke njọ, mmekorita na enyemaka ibe, n'adịghị ka asọmpi, dị mkpa maka ịlanarị.{{sfn|La Vergata|2023|p=506}}

Na 1913, ha bipụtara akwụkwọ nke abụọ ha, nke lekwasịrị anya na [[parthenogenesis]].{{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}} Na 1915, Goldsmith gụchara akwụkwọ PhD ya, na-agbachitere edemede ya na akwụkwọ edemede [[comparative physiology]] na [[comparative psychology|psychology]] nke azụ.{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=114|2a1=Hough|2y=2023|2pp=90–91|3a1=Ogilvie|3a2=Harvey|3y=2000|3p=517}} Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere idere ''[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences|Comptes rendus]]'' akwụkwọ nke [[French Academy of Sciences]]; o bipụtara ọtụtụ isiokwu gbasara ọtụtụ isiokwu, gụnyere [[tropism]], [[akparamàgwà mmadụ evolushọn]], parthenogenesis na Mendelism.{{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}} N'ime nyocha nke akwụkwọ [[Paul Portier (ọkachamara ahụike)|Paul Portier]] nke afọ 1918 gbasara [[symbiogenesis]], Goldsmith kwupụtara na ọ mere ka o kweta na ọ ga-ekwe omume [[asepsis]], myirịta dị n'etiti [[bacteria]] na [[mitochondria]], na mmekọrịta symbiotes na vitamin.{{sfn|Sapp|1994|p=95}} Ya na Delage nyochakwara [[symbiosis]] n'etiti [[legume]] na [[Rhizobia|bacteria]], [[osisi]] na [[Mycorrhiza|fungi]], na [[algae]] na [[microfauna]].{{sfn|Purchase|2003|p=190}} Ka Goldsmith na-ebipụta nyocha ya, o nwetara aha ọma ngwa ngwa n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-enweta ọtụtụ òkù ka ọ gaa kwusaa okwu na mba dị iche iche. Ọ na-akpakọrịta na ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị a ma ama, gụnyere onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike nke France [[Charles Richet]], onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ nke ndị Russia na-amụ banyere mgbanwe evolushọn [[Nadezhda Ladygina-Kohts|Nadezhda Kohts]] na [[Vladimir Wagner]], na onye Switzerland na-amụ banyere ihe ndị sitere n'okike [[Arnold Lang]]. Ọ bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ sayensị nye [[Georges Clemenceau]], [[praịm minista France]], onye ji ihe ọmụma ya gbasara bayoloji kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=91}} Na 1919, ọ malitere ọrụ dịka onye nchọpụta na [[Mahadum Paris Faculty of Science]].{{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=516}}

==Edemede nke gbasara ndị Anarchist==

Ka ọ na-erule mmalite nke afọ 1920, Goldsmith aghọọla onye edemede ama ama na-ede akụkọ gbasara echiche anarchist na mmegharị ọrụ maka ọtụtụ mbipụta n'ọtụtụ asụsụ dị iche iche, gụnyere Frans ''{{lang|fr|Les Temps Nouveaux}}'' na Russia ''[[Delo Truda]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=92|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} O tinyekwara aka na akwụkwọ akụkọ Yiddish ''[[Fraye Arbeter Shtime]]'', tinyere akwụkwọ ndị Juu ndị ọzọ na-emegide okpukpe, ma n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ma n'ikpebisi ike, ebe ọ na-esiri ike ịghọta Yiddish n'enweghị enyemaka.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=93}} O dere akwụkwọ nye ndị nta akụkọ anarchist n'aha na-abughi nke ya, na-agbalị ime ka ọrụ sayensị ya dị iche na ngagharị iwe ndị anarchist.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=94}} N'ihe o dere n'oge a, o lekwasịrị anya nke ukwuu n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba na nhazi, wee hapụ ihe o lekwasịrị anya na mbụ n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=92}} 

===Agha Ụwa Mbụ===
Mgbe [[Agha Ụwa Mbụ]] bịdọrọ, Goldsmith gosipụtara nkwado maka akwụkwọ Kropotkin ''[[Manifesto of the Sixteen]]'', nke were ọnọdụ [[Internationalist–defencist schism|defencist]] wee hazie akụkụ ya nke mmegharị anarchist na [[Allies of World War I|Entente]].{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=117n104|2a1=Hough|2y=2023|2p=95|3a1=Maitron|3y=2014|4a1=Zimmer|4y=2017|4p=190}} O hotara ihe dị na manifesto ahụ n'isiokwu ya gbasara ya maka ''Fraye Arbeter Shtime'', ọ bụ ezie na ọ jụrụ ịbịnye aka na akwụkwọ ntuziaka ahụ n'onwe ya, ebe ọ kwenyereghị n'okwu ya.{{sfn|Zimmer|2017|p=190}} Onye mba Russia nke na-akwado mba ụwa [[Aleksandr Ge]] katọrọ ya nke ukwuu maka ọnọdụ ya,{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=117n104|2a1=Hough|2y=2023|2p=95}} onye boro ya ebubo na ọ na-agbagwoju echiche ndị na-anaghị ekwe omume dịka [[nha nhata n'ihu iwu]] na enweghị ọchịchị ma kpọọ ya &quot;[[Joan nke Arc]] nke [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]]&quot;.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=95}} Ọ nọgidere na-agbachitere echiche ya n'agha ahụ, ọbụna n'afọ ndị sochiri ya.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} N'akwukwo maka ''Plus Loin'', o kwenyere na, ọ bụ ezie na isonye n'agha ahụ megidere ụkpụrụ [[mgbochi agha|mgbochi agha]], ụkpụrụ ndị anarchist nke iguzogide mmegbu na mwakpo nke alaeze ukwu dị mkpa karịa ma kwado ha isonye na ọgụ megide [[Ike Etiti]].{{sfn|Maitron|2014}}

===Mgbanwe nke 1917===
Mgbe ntiwapụ nke afọ 1917 [[Mgbanwe Russia]] gasịrị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu enweghị ọchịchị Goldsmith, gụnyere Peter Kropotkin, kpebiri ịlaghachi obodo ahụ. Goldsmith n'onwe ya nọgidere na Paris iji lekọta nne ya.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=136}} Ka ewepụrụ mmachibido iwu mba Rọshịa na mbụ na [[nnwere onwe nke ndị nta akụkọ]], Goldsmith nyeere Kropotkin aka ịgụgharị akwụkwọ ya ma kwadebe ha maka mbipụta iwu mbụ ha na Rọshịa.{{sfn|Woodcock|Avakumović|1990|p=403}} Mgbe Kropotkin nwụsịrị, Goldsmith mechara ma sụgharịa akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya ''[[Ethics: Origin and Development]]''.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=92–93}} Site na Paris, Goldsmith bipụtara usoro isiokwu dị iche iche na ''Les Temps Nouveaux'', ebe o ji olileanya gosipụta mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu dị ka mmalite nke njedebe nke [[ọchịchị ego]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}} O kwuru na mgbanwe ahụ abụghị naanị na ọ ga-eme ka akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị baa ọgaranya, kamakwa ọ ga-eme ka ọha mmadụ Russia nwee ọganihu n'ihe gbasara ọgụgụ isi na omume. Ebe ọ ghọtara na mgbanwe ahụ na-aga n'ihu [[ọchịchị ọha mmadụ]], ọ kpọrọ oku ka e guzobe njikwa akụ na ụba nke ndị ọrụ na [[nkewapụ ọchịchị]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=96–97}} Goldsmith kwenyere na echiche [[Bolsheviks]]' [[ịhazi mba|nationalist]] na [[statist]], nke lekwasịrị anya na mmemme nke [[ịhazi mba]], megidere mwepụ nke [[ihe onwunwe nkeonwe]] nke [[akụnụba kọmunist]] kwadoro ma nọchite anya ihe mgbochi nye mgbanwe ahụ.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=96–97}}

Mgbe e gbusịrị [[Nnupụisi Kronstadt]], echiche Goldsmith banyere mgbanwe ahụ ghọrọ ihe na-adịghị mma karị. Ọ katọrọ [[Ndị Agha Uhie]] dị ka [[ndị agha mgbangharị megide]] ma gọnarị akụkọ Bolshevik na ndị nnupụisi Kronstadt bụ [[ndị na-emeghachi omume|ndị na-emeghachi omume]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=97}} O kọwara nnupụisi Kronstadt dị ka ike mgbanwe n'ezie, nke biliri megide [[ọchịchị aka ike]] iji nweta [[nha nhata ọha mmadụ]] na [[ọchịchị onwe onye]].{{sfn|Maitron|2014}} N'isiokwu e dere n'afọ 1925 maka ''Delo Truda'', o boro ozizi Marxist nke &quot;[ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị proletariat]]&quot; ebubo maka [[Uhie Egwu]], na-egosi ya dị ka ihe ziri ezi [[nhicha]] nke ọchịchọ [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe]] na [[ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] niile n'aha ịmepụta [[ọha mmadụ na-enweghị steeti]]. Goldsmith mesiri nkwenye ya ike na ebumnuche mgbanwe na omume mgbanwe ga-ekwekọ na ibe ha, ikwere na ọchịchị aka ike ọ bụla enweghị ike iweta nnwere onwe na [[mkpọchi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] mebiri ịnụ ọkụ n'obi mgbanwe. O kwubiri na ọchịchị aka ike nke Soviet nọchiri anya nzọụkwụ azụ site na ọha mmadụ na-enweghị steeti, kama mgbanwe gaa na nke ọzọ.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=97}}

===Arụmụka gbasara ''Ikpo okwu''===
[[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait photograph of Nestor Makhno, wearing a moustache and a black suit, resting in a doorway|[[Nestor Makhno]], otu n'ime ndị dere ''Platform'']]

Mgbe ntọala nke [[Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire|Revolutionary Syndicalist General Confederation of Labour]] (CGT-SR) gachara, ọ malitere itinye aka na akwụkwọ ozi ya ''{{lang|fr|La Voix du Travail}}''. Ọ sonyekwara na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Delo Truda'', n'akụkụ ndị nnupụisi anarchist [[Peter Arshinov]] na [[Nestor Makhno]].{{sfn|Maitron|2014}} Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke onye mbụ,{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014|3a1=Skirda|3y=2004|3p=280}} idezi na ịtụgharị akwụkwọ ncheta ya.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Skirda|2y=2004|2pp=280, 286}} Goldsmith kpọrọ oku ka a legharịa anya n'ụkpụrụ ndị na-emegide ọchịchị mgbe mgbanwe Russia gasịrị, na-arụ ụka na ihe ndị mere eme egosila mkpa ọ dị igbochi ọkwa ọchịchị na igbochi ọchịchị aka ike. O kwuru na, nye ndị anarchist, mgbanwe ọ bụla nke na-emeghị ka e guzobe [[ọha mmadụ na-enweghị klas]] &quot;emebeghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya&quot;.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=97–98}} O kwenyere na ọ gaghị ekwe omume na mgbanwe ga-eme ka ọha mmadụ na-enweghị ọchịchị kọmunist malite ozugbo, ma kwuo na mgbanwe ga-adị mkpa.{{sfn|Berry|2002|p=292}} Ya mere, ọ kpọrọ oku maka [[mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide]], nke ga-aga n'ihu na-eduga n'obodo na-enweghị steeti na enweghị otu.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=98}} 

Na 1926, Peter Arshinov na Nestor Makhno kwupụtara mmepe nke ''[[platformism|Ikpo Okwu]]'', nke sitere na mkparịta ụka gbasara ọdịda nke [[Makhnovshchina|Mgbanwe Ukraine]] ma kpọọ oku maka ịdị n'otu echiche na atụmatụ.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014|3a1=Skirda|3y=2002|3p=124}} Goldsmith nabatara ''Ikpo okwu'' ahụ na mbụ ma chọọ ka ọ gaa nke ọma,{{sfn|Skirda|2002|p=124}} mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị mbụ anarchist a ma ama iji kwupụta obi abụọ ha nwere na atụmatụ ahụ.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014|3a1=Moormann|3y=2023|3pp=103–104|4a1=Skirda|4y=2002|4pp=126–127}} O nwere obi abụọ banyere ọrụ [[ọtụtụ|ọtụtụ]] na [[otu ndị pere mpe|ndị pere mpe]] na-arụ n'òtù ndị anarchist,{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Moormann|2y=2023|2p=104n19|3a1=Skirda|3y=2002|3p=126}} ịkatọ ihe na-echegbu ya nwere ike ịghọ &quot;[[ọchịchị aka ike nke ọtụtụ mmadụ]]&quot;.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=95}} Ọ jụkwara otu a ga-esi hazie usoro ọchịchị ha chọrọ maka [[ndị Soviet nwere onwe ha], otu ha ga-esi elekọta ndị mmadụ ma chebe mgbanwe ha, ma ha ga-echekwa nnwere onwe nke ndị nta akụkọ na [[nnwere onwe ikwu okwu]], na ma ha ga-ekesa ihe onwunwe [[Site n'aka onye ọ bụla dịka ike ya si dị, nye onye ọ bụla dịka mkpa ya si dị | dabere na mkpa nke onye ọ bụla]].{{sfn|Skirda|2002|p=126}} 

Goldsmith mechara jụ atụmatụ ahụ na òtù ndị anarchist kwesịrị inwe amụma na atụmatụ ha, usoro nhazi siri ike, mkpebi siri ike ma ọ bụ [[Ahịrị pati (ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)|ahịrị pati]]{{sfn|van der Walt|Schmidt|2009|p=256}} O jụkwara echiche ya gbasara [[ọrụ mkpokọta]], kama iwere ọnọdụ [[Nhazi omume|onye na-eme ihe n'otu n'otu]] na mmegharị ndị anarchist kwesịrị ịkwado [[ọrụ omume]] maka omume ndị otu ya.{{sfn|Moormann|2023|pp=108, 110}} O kwenyere na onye ọ bụla na otu obodo dị n'ime otu kwesịrị inwe nnwere onwe ime ihe, nke o lere anya dị ka ụzọ kachasị dị irè ma dịkwa irè iji chekwaa ikike nke ndị pere mpe. O nwere nchegbu na ''Ikpo okwu'' ahụ bụ atụmatụ maka otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị etiti, dịka [[Bolshevism]].{{sfn|van der Walt|Schmidt|2009|p=256}} Nke a mere ka arụmụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ banyere ''Ikpo okwu'' ahụ, nke mechara ruo mgbe Arshinov hapụrụ mmegharị ndị anarchist na 1931; o kpọrọ Goldsmith aha kpọmkwem dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-emegide ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ ndị kewapụrụ ya site na nkatọ ha nke &quot;ndị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya&quot;.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=95}} N'ụzọ dị iche, ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta dị mma na Makhno,{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=95|2a1=Peters|2y=1970|2pp=95–96}} na-eme ka ọ na-enwe obi ụtọ ma na-enyocha ahụike ya n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya.{{sfn|Peters|1970|pp=95–96}}

==Ndụ mgbe e mesịrị, ọnwụ na ihe nketa==
Mgbe Delage nwụrụ n'afọ 1920, Goldsmith chọpụtara na ọ na-esiri ya ike inweta ọrụ kwụsiri ike.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=91|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} Ọ nọọrọ onwe ya n'ime ngalaba ya, ebe ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya malitere ịwakpo ọkwa ya dị ka [[Mbugharị na France|onye mbịambịa]]; ọ ghọrọ [[iwu mba French|onye mba France nwetara ikike ịbụ nwa amaala]] naanị na 1924. O nweghịkwa ike ịrụ ọrụ ndị [[Carnegie Institution for Science]] nke dị na US na [[Rockefeller University | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research]] nyere, ebe ọ ga-anọgide na-elekọta nne ya. Ebe kacha anya ọ gara site na Paris bụ [[Station biologique de Roscoff]] dị na [[Brittany]], ebe ọ gara n'ihu na [[Ichthyology|nnyocha azụ]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=91}} Na 1927, ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka ụlọ nyocha maka ụlọ ọrụ [[École pratique des hautes études]]; site na 1930, ọ durukwa [[nkụzi]] na [[Mahadum Paris Faculty of Medicine]].{{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|pp=516–517}} Na 1929, ọ laghachiri Rọshịa obere oge ịga leta [[Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Darwin]] dị na [[Moscow]], ebe ọ hụrụ nyocha Nadezhda Kohts gbasara enwe.{{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}}

Nne Goldsmith nwụrụ site n'ọrịa ya na Jenụwarị 9, 1933.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=95–96|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} N'ịbụ onye obi dara mbà, Goldsmith kpebiri igbu onwe ya [[igbu onwe ya site na nsí]].{{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=246|2a1=Hough|2y=2023|2pp=95–96|3a1=Maitron|3y=2014}} Ọ nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 11,{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=95–96|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}} na [[Hôpital Cochin]], mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na otu.{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=95–96}} N'ime ihe e dere banyere igbu onwe ya ya, o nyefere ihe ndị o nwere, gụnyere akwụkwọ ozi ya na Kropotkin na nnụnụ anụ ụlọ ya, nye [[Sascha Schapiro]] na&lt;!--[[Ekaterina Vasylevna Bakunina|Ekaterina Bakunina]]--&gt;Ekaterina Bakunina.{{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1pp=95–96|2a1=Howell|2y=1999|2p=397}} Ọ bụ ezie na ọ rịọkwara ka e lie ya na nne ya n'akụkụ nke nna ya n'ili [[Ivry Cemetery]], e mechara lie ha n'ime [[Ili Ozu nke Paris nke Thiais|Ili Ozu nke Thiais]].{{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=95–96n2}} 

Goldsmith natara usoro [[ọnwụ|ọnwụ]] na nsọpụrụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị na nke ndị anarchist.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}} Onye Juu anarchist na-ede uri [[Sholem Schwarzbard]] dere akụkọ ọnwụ ya nke sitere n'ọkpụkperechị ''Fraye Arbeter Shtime'',{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=93}} ebe Nestor Makhno tinyere ya n'akụkụ Kropotkin dị ka otu n'ime &quot;ndị dike nke ọchịchị anarchism&quot;.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}} Emma Goldman, [[Mollie Steimer]] na Alexander Berkman ruuru ya ákwá n'onwe ha n'akwụkwọ ozi ha.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}} N'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara [[Pierre Ramus]], Berkman kwuru maka ọnwụ Goldsmith na ọgbọ ya nke ndị anarchist nke Russia na-anwụ anwụ.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=246}} Alexander Berkman na [[Grigorii Maksimov]] gbalịrị ịchọta ego iji bipụta akwụkwọ Goldsmith, mana ha emeghị nke ọma n'ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}} Berkman n'onwe ya gburu onwe ya na 1936.{{sfn|Avrich|1971|pp=246–247}} Ọrụ ha malitere mgbe afọ 90 gasịrị na ''[[Black Flag (magazine)|Black Flag Anarchist Review]]'', nke bipụtara ọtụtụ akụkọ itoolu nke Goldsmith n'afọ 2023.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}}

N'oge [[Nnukwu Nsacha]] na Soviet Union, [[NKVD]] duziri [[Ndepụta nke ihe ndị mere n'ịgba akwụkwọ ọkụ#Akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ nta na foto (site n'aka ndị ọchịchị Soviet)|ịgba akwụkwọ ọkụ]] nke gụnyere akwụkwọ nta Goldsmith nke akpọrọ ''Revolutionary Syndicalism and Anarchism'', tinyere akwụkwọ Kropotkin nke akpọrọ ''Mutual Aid'' na akwụkwọ Bakunin nke akpọrọ ''The State and Anarchism''.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}} E dekọrọ akwụkwọ ozi ya sara mbara na Kropotkin, nke ruru mkpụrụ akwụkwọ 400, na [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|National Library of France]].{{sfn|Slatter|1994|p=277n1}} [[Hoover Institution Library and Archives|Nicolaevsky Collection]] depụtakwara akwụkwọ ozi ndị a.{{sfn|Slatter|1994|pp=277n1, 280}} Na 1995, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme [[Michael Confino]] deziri akwụkwọ ozi ha ọnụ ma bipụta ya.{{sfnm|1a1=Howell|1y=1999|1pp=396–397|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2p=517|3a1=Slatter|3y=1997|3p=472}} Akwụkwọ ozi ndị a na-anakọta agaghị emecha ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, ebe Kropotkin bibiri ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi Goldsmith zigara ya,{{sfnm|1a1=Howell|1y=1999|1p=397|2a1=Slatter|2y=1997|2p=472}} mana Goldsmith n'onwe ya debeere akwụkwọ ozi ha nke ya, megide ndụmọdụ Kropotkin.{{sfn|Howell|1999|p=397}}

A nọgidere na-ehota akwụkwọ edemede Goldsmith gbasara nghọta anụmanụ n'akwụkwọ sayensị ruo narị afọ nke 21.{{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}}

==Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara==

===Akwụkwọ===
*''[https://archive.org/details/lesthoriesdel00dela Les Théories de l'Évolution]'' [''[https://archive.org/details/theoriesofevolut00delauoft The Theories of Evolution]''] (1909){{sfnm|1a1=Broquet|1a2=Destombe|1a3=Valero|1a4=Jollivet|1y=2023|1p=17|2a1=Gillott|2y=2017|2p=20n20|3a1=Jablonka|3a2=Lamb|3y=1995|3p=305|4a1=Meloni|4y=2016|4p=2|5a1=Ogilvie|5a2=Harvey|5y=2000|5p=517|6a1=Purchase|6y=2003|6pp=93n197, 190n446}}
*''La parthénogénèse naturelle et expérimentale'' [''Natural and experimental parthenogenesis''] (1913){{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}}
*''Réactions physiologiques et psychique des poissons'' [''Physiological and Psychological Reactions of Fish''] (1915){{sfnm|1a1=Maitron|1y=2014|2a1=Ogilvie|2a2=Harvey|2y=2000|2p=517}}
&lt;!--*''Les grands problèmes de la biologie générale'' [''The major problems of general biology''] (1917)--&gt;
&lt;!--*''Le mendélisme et le mécanisme cytologique de l'hérédité'' [''Mendelism and the cytological mechanism of heredity''] (1919)--&gt;
*''Revolutionary Syndicalism and Anarchism: Struggle with Capital and Power'' (Golos Truda, 1920){{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=270|2a1=Hough|2y=2023|2p=99|3a1=Maitron|3y=2014}}
*''La psychologie comparée'' [''Comparative Psychology''] (1927){{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}}
&lt;!--*''La Dictionnaire illustrée d'histoire naturelle'' [''The Illustrated Dictionary of Natural History''] (1931)--&gt;

===Edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ===
*&quot;Quelques réactions sensorielles chez le Pouple&quot; (''Comptes Rendus Académie des Sciences'', 1917){{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}}
*&quot;Une contribution à la question des tropismes&quot; (''Bulletin Institut général psychologique'', 1922){{sfn|Ogilvie|Harvey|2000|p=517}}

===Edemede===
&lt;!--*&quot;Antisemitism and Zionism&quot; (Internationalist Revolutionary Socialist Students, 1900)--&gt;
*&quot;On Organisation&quot; (London Congress of Communist Anarchists, 1906){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=99}}
*&quot;Revolutionary Syndicalism and the Socialist Party&quot; (London, 1907){{sfn|Avrich|1971|p=270}}
*&quot;Darwinism&quot; (''A Sementeira'', 1911){{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=98|2a1=La Vergata|2y=2023|2p=496}}
*&quot;Evolution&quot; (''Les Temps nouveaux'', 1911){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=98}}
*&quot;The Struggle against Capital and Power: Our Controversial Issues&quot; (London, 1912){{sfnm|1a1=Avrich|1y=1971|1p=270|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/m-isidine-the-problems-of-tomorrow The Problems of Tomorrow]&quot; (''Les Temps Nouveaux'', 1919–1920){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=96}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/m-isidine-the-truth-about-kronstadt The Truth about Kronstadt]&quot; (''Les Temps Nouveaux'', 1921){{sfnm|1a1=Berry|1y=2002|1p=92n71|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}}
*&quot;Kropotkin and Russia&quot; (''Les Temps Nouveaux'', 1921){{sfn|Zimmer|2017|p=174n61}}
*&quot;P. A. Kropotkin – His Attitude Towards the War&quot; (''Fraye Arbeter Shtime'', 1922){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=99}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/m-isidine-the-moral-face-of-the-revolution The Moral Face of the Revolution]&quot; (''Plus Loin'', 1925){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=97}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/m-korn-marxist-utopia Marxist Utopia]&quot; (''Delo Truda'', 1925){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=97}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/m-isidine-a-few-words-on-a-confusing-notion A Few Words about a Confusing Notion]&quot; (''Plus Loin'', 1925){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=97}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/m-korn-on-the-issue-of-revision On the Issue of 'Revision']&quot; (''Delo Truda'', 1925–1926){{sfn|Hough|2023|pp=97–98}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/maria-isidine-organization-and-party Organisation and the Party]&quot; (''Plus Loin'', 1928){{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=99|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014|3a1=Moormann|3y=2023|3p=102|4a1=Skirda|4y=2002|4pp=246–254|5a1=van der Walt|5a2=Schmidt|5y=2009|5p=362}}
*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/marie-isidine-on-the-manifesto-of-the-16 On the Manifesto of the Sixteen]&quot; (''Plus Loin'', 1928){{sfnm|1a1=Hough|1y=2023|1p=99|2a1=Maitron|2y=2014}}
&lt;!--*&quot;[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/m-korn-kropotkin-s-communism Kropotkin's Communism]&quot; (''International collection dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the death of P.A. Kropotkin'', 1931)--&gt;

===Ntụgharị asụsụ===
*''Historical Letters'' by [[Pyotr Lavrov]] (1903){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=90}}
*''[[Ethics: Origin and Development]]'' by [[Peter Kropotkin]] (1927){{sfn|Hough|2023|p=93}}

==Ihe ndetu==
{{Notelist}}

==Edensibia==
{{reflist|2}}

==Ndekọ Akwụkwọ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Avrich |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Avrich |title=[[The Russian Anarchists]] |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1971 |isbn=0-691-00766-7 |location=[[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] |oclc=1154930946 |orig-year=1967}}
* {{Cite book |last=Berry |first=David |title=A History of the French Anarchist Movement |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffrencha0000berr |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=0-313-32026-8}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Broquet |first1=Thomas |last2=Destombe |first2=Christophe |last3=Valero |first3=Myriam |last4=Jollivet |first4=Didier |year=2023 |title=A brief history of speciation research at the Station Biologique de Roscoff (1872-2022) |journal=Cahiers de Biologie Marine |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=9–19 |doi=10.21411/CBM.A.3DAF598C |issn=0007-9723 |doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite book |last=Gillott |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jy4rDwAAQBAJ |title=Samuel Butler against the Professionals: Rethinking Lamarckism 1860-1900 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2017 |isbn=9781351550185}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Hough |first=Søren |year=2023 |title=Marie Goldsmith: Scientific Luminary, Anarchist Militant |url=https://anarchistfaq.org/blackflag/BlackFlag-vol3-no2.pdf#page=89 |magazine=[[Black Flag (newspaper)|Black Flag Anarchist Review]] |pages=89–99 |volume=3 |issue=2 |issn=0045-2157}}&lt;!-- Republished by PM Press (https://blog.pmpress.org/2023/07/19/marie-goldsmith-scientific-luminary-anarchist-militant/) --&gt;
* {{Cite journal |last=Howell |first=Yvonne |date=1999 |title=Review of The Conquest of Bread and Other Writings; Anarchistes en exile Correspondance inedite de Pierre Kropotkine a Marie Goldsmith 1897–1917 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_slavic-and-east-european-journal_summer-1999_43_2/page/396 |journal=The Slavic and East European Journal |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=396–398 |doi=10.2307/309569 |issn=0037-6752 |jstor=309569}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Jablonka |first1=Eva |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7eH7L_7y3IC |title=Epigenetic Inheritance and Evolution: The Lamarckian Dimension |last2=Lamb |first2=Marion J. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1995 |isbn=9780198540625}}
* {{Cite book |last=La Vergata |first=Antonello |title=Images of the Economy of Nature, 1650-1930 |publisher=[[Springer (publisher)|Springer]] |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-31023-2 |series=Evolutionary Biology – New Perspectives on Its Development |volume=7 |pages=477–583 |chapter=Struggles for Existence |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-31023-2_9}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=GOLDSMITH Maria Isidorovna [dite Maria Korn ou Corn, Maria Isidine] |encyclopedia=[[Dictionnaire des anarchistes]] |url=https://maitron.fr/goldsmith-maria-isidorovna-dite-maria-korn-ou-corn-maria-isidine-dictionnaire-des-anarchistes/ |last=Maitron |first=Jean |author-link=Jean Maitron |language=fr |trans-title=GOLDSMITH Maria Isidorovna [known as Maria Korn or Corn, Maria Isidine] |isbn=9782708243163}}
* {{Cite book |last=Meloni |first=Maurizio |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalbiology0000melo/ |title=Political Biology: Science and Social Values in Human Heredity from Eugenics to Epigenetics |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan UK]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-137-37771-5 |pages=1–31 |chapter=Political Biology and the Politics of Epistemology |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Moormann |first=Emma |title=Epigenetics and moral responsibilities for health: a philosophical exploration |type=[[PhD]] |publisher=[[University of Antwerp]] |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1970610151162165141 |year=2023 |hdl=10067/1970610151162165141}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2000 |title=Goldsmith, Marie (1873–1933) |encyclopedia=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the mid-20th Century |publisher=[[Routledge]] |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0/page/516/ |editor-last1=Ogilvie |editor-first1=Marilyn Bailey |volume=1 |pages=516–517 |isbn=0-415-92039-6 |editor-link1=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie |editor-last2=Harvey |editor-first2=Joy Dorothy |editor-link2=Joy Harvey}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Peters |first1=Victor |title=Nestor Makhno: The Life of an Anarchist |url=https://archive.org/details/nestormakhnolife0000vict |date=1970 |publisher=Echo Books |location=Winnipeg |oclc=7925080}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Purchase |first=Graham |title=Peter Kropotkin: Ecologist, Philosopher and Revolutionary |type=[[PhD]] |publisher=[[University of New South Wales]] |url=https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/entities/publication/6a035a33-c74a-42ae-91e0-20be4c0ff607 |year=2003}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sapp |first=Jan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXQ8DwAAQBAJ |title=Evolution by Association: A History of Symbiosis |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=9780195088212}}
* {{Cite book |last=Skirda |first=Alexandre |author-link=Alexandre Skirda |title=Facing the enemy: A history of anarchist organisation |url=https://archive.org/details/facingenemyhisto0000skir |publisher=[[AK Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=1902593197 |location=[[Oakland, California|Oakland]] |translator-last1=Sharkey |translator-first1=Paul |oclc=490977034}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Skirda |first1=Alexandre |author-link=Alexandre Skirda |title=Nestor Makhno–Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for Free Soviets in the Ukraine 1917–1921 |date=2004 |publisher=[[AK Press]] |isbn=978-1-902593-68-5 |location=Oakland, California |translator-last1=Sharkey |translator-first1=Paul |oclc=60602979 |orig-year=1982}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Slatter |first=John |date=1994 |title=The Correspondence of P. A. Kropotkin as Historical Source Material |journal=[[The Slavonic and East European Review]] |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=277–288 |issn=0037-6795 |jstor=4211477}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Slatter |first=John |date=1997 |title=Review of Anarchistes en exil: Correspondance inedite de Pierre Kropotkine a Marie Goldsmith 1897–1917 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_russian-review_1997-07_56_3/page/472 |journal=[[The Russian Review]] |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=472 |doi=10.2307/131775 |issn=0036-0341 |jstor=131775}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thorpe |first=Wayne |title=New Perspectives on Anarchism, Labour and Syndicalism: The Individual, the National and the Transnational |publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4438-2393-7 |editor-last1=Berry |editor-first1=David |pages=16–43 |chapter=Uneasy Family: Revolutionary Syndicalism in Europe from the ''Charte d'Amiens'' to World War I |editor-last2=Bantman |editor-first2=Constance}}
* {{Cite book |last1=van der Walt |first1=Lucien |author-link=Lucien van der Walt |title=[[Black Flame (book)|Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism]] |last2=Schmidt |first2=Michael |publisher=[[AK Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-904859-16-1 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackflamerevolu0000vand/page/239 239]–270 |chapter=Militant Minority: The Question of Anarchist Political Organisation |lccn=2006933558 |oclc=1100238201}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Woodcock |first1=George |author-link1=George Woodcock |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9210921689609 |title=Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel |last2=Avakumović |first2=Ivan |author-link2=Ivan Avakumović |publisher=Black Rose Books |year=1990 |isbn=0-921689-60-8 |location=[[Montreal]] |oclc=21156316}}
* {{Cite book |last=Zimmer |first=Kenyon |title=Anarchism, 1914–18 |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=2017 |isbn=9781526115768 |chapter=At war with empire: The anti-colonial roots of American anarchist debates during the First World War |doi=10.7765/9781526115768.00016}}
{{refend}}

==Ịgụkwu ihe==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Confino |first=Michael |date=1981 |title=Anarchisme et internationalisme. Autour du &quot;Manifeste des Seize&quot;. Correspondance inédite de Pierre Kropotkine et de Marie Goldsmith, janvier-mars 1916 |trans-title=Anarchism and internationalism. On the ‘Manifesto of the Sixteen’. Unpublished correspondence between Peter Kropotkin and Marie Goldsmith, January–March 1916 |journal=Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique |language=fr |volume=22 |issue=2/3 |pages=231–249 |doi=10.3406/cmr.1981.1914 |issn=0008-0160 |jstor=20169922 |s2cid=161829629}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Confino |first=Michael |date=1982 |title=Kropotkine en 1914: La guerre et les congrès manqués des anarchistes russes. Lettres inédites de Pierre Kropotkine à Marie Goldsmith. 11 janvier-31 décembre 1914 |trans-title=Kropotkin in 1914: War and the missed congresses of the Russian anarchists. Unpublished letters from Peter Kropotkin to Marie Goldsmith. 11 January–31 December 1914 |journal=Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique |language=fr |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=63–107 |doi=10.3406/cmr.1982.1936 |issn=0008-0160 |jstor=20169945}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Confino |first1=Michael |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Daniel |date=1992 |title=Kropotkine savant. Vingt-cinq lettres inédites de Pierre Kropotkine à Marie Goldsmith. 27 juillet 1901-9 juillet 1915 |trans-title=Kropotkin the scholar. Twenty-five unpublished letters from Peter Kropotkin to Marie Goldsmith. 27 July 1901–9 July 1915 |journal=Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique |language=fr |volume=33 |issue=2/3 |pages=243–301 |issn=0008-0160 |jstor=20170822}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hough|first1=Søren H.|last2=Coquard|first2=Christopher|year=2026|chapter=Anarchism through Biology: Marie Goldsmith’s Liberatory Science in Practice|title=Women Philosophers and Russia|location=[[Leiden]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|doi=10.1163/9789004760196-009|isbn=9789004760196}}
* {{Cite book |title=Anarchistes en exil: correspondance inédite de Pierre Kropotkine à Marie Goldsmith, 1897-1917 |url=https://archive.org/details/anarchistesenexi0000krop |publisher=Institut D'Etudes Slaves |year=1995 |isbn=9782720402173 |editor-last=Confino |editor-first=Michael |editor-link=Michael Confino |language=fr |trans-title=Anarchists in exile: unpublished correspondence between Peter Kropotkin and Marie Goldsmith, 1897–1917}}
* {{Cite book |title=[[Emma Goldman: A Documentary History of the American Years]] |date=2003 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-08670-8 |editor-last=Falk |editor-first=Candace |volume=1 |location=[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pino |first=Angel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xb0FAwAAQBAJ |title=Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27022-0 |editor-last1=Peng |editor-first1=Hsiao-yen |location=[[Leiden]] |pages=28–105 |chapter=Ba Jin as Translator |doi=10.1163/9789004270220_004 |editor-last2=Rabut |editor-first2=Isabelle}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Pierrot |first=Marc |year=1933 |title=Marie Goldsmith |url=https://archivesautonomies.org/IMG/pdf/anarchismes/entre-deux/plusloin/plusloin-n095.pdf |journal=Plus Loin |pages=1–4 |language=fr |via=Archives Autonomies |issue=95}}
{{refend}}

==Njikọ mpụga==

* [https://mariegoldsmith.uk/ The Marie Goldsmith Project]


{{Authority control}}

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    <title>Feminist Majority Foundation</title>
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Ụlọọrụ Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF) bụ òtù America na-adịghị achọ uru, nke isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Arlington County. Ebumnuche ya, dịka ọ na-ekwupụta, bụ ịkwalite udo na enweghị ime ihe ike, yana ịkwalite ike, nha anya, na mmepe akụ na ụba nke ụmụ nwanyị.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nhazi ==
FMF—bụ òtù na ịdọrọ ụtụ isi,na-adịghị achọ uru nke IRS kwadoro dịka 501(c)(3), —bụ òtù na-eme nchọpụta na mmụta, ma bụrụkwa onye na-ebipụta magazin Ms.ịdọrọ ụtụ isi.ịdọrọ ụtụ isi.

N’afọ 2001, FMF ghọrọ onye na-ebipụta Ms., na-akwado magazin ahụ ka ọ bụrụ òtù na-adịghị achọ uru. E hiwere Ms. na 1972 site n'aka onye ọgụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, Gloria Steinem. Ms. bụ magazin ụmụ nwanyị nke ụmụ nwanyị nwe ma na-emepụta, nke na-ebipụta akụkọ gbasara ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na United States nakwa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Farmer|first=Rebecca|title=Ms. Magazine and Feminist Majority Foundation Join Forces|url=http://www.feminist.org/news/pressstory.asp?id=5933|work=National NOW Times|publisher=[[National Organization for Women]]|date=November 12, 2001|accessdate=September 22, 2016|archive-date=June 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604212431/http://www.now.org/nnt/special-2001/msmagazine.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Smeal|first=Eleanor|title=Dear Reader|url=http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2002/fromtheeditors.asp|journal=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]|date=Spring 2002|accessdate=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FMF nwere ọtụtụ mkpọsa na mmemme ndị na-ahụ maka Ahụike Ụmụ nwanyị na [[حقوق الإنجاب|Ikike Ịmụ nwa]] n'ime obodo na mba ofesi, gụnyere:

* National Clinic Access Project
* Mgbalị Maka Ahụike Ụmụ nwanyị
* Mifepristone
* Campus Feminist (Choices Campus Leadership Program) 
* Mgbalị Maka Ikike Ịmụ Ihe Ụwa
* Mgbasa ozi maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan &lt;ref name=&quot;Mann&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mann|first=Judy|title=The Grinding Terror of the Taliban|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/408497263|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=July 9, 1999|accessdate=July 6, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe Mgbochi Mmetụta Mberede
* National Center for Women and Policing
* Usoro Mmụta Ịhazigharị Ihe
* Nkume Maka Nhọrọ

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N'oge 1989-92, FMF duziri mkpọsa Feminization of Power, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Leyva|first=Ric|title=Former Now President Kicks Off|date=October 14, 1987|url=https://apnews.com/8395c6867f19bd4c183a332999271ef7|work=[[Associated Press]]|accessdate=March 11, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-anakọta ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ka ha gbaa ọsọ maka ọrụ ọha na eze, na-akpata okpukpu abụọ nke nnọchiteanya ụmụ nwanyị na United States Congress na 1992 (Afọ nke Nwaanyị). N'afọ 1992, FMF nyere aka nweta nkwado maka Iowa Equal Rights Amendment na, n'afọ 1996, o nyere aka imegide usoro ntuli aka na-emegide (n'ụzọ megidere) na California.

N'afọ 2004, ndị Feminist Majority bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ise na-ahazi &quot;[[Njem maka ndụ ụmụ nwanyị(2004)|March for Women's Lives]]&quot;, nke wetara ihe karịrị nde ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke 1.15 na Washington, D.C., iji kwado ikike ọmụmụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clock|first=Michele|title=Abortion Rights Advocates Flood D.C|date=April 25, 2004|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41023-2004Apr25_2.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2006, FMF emeghị ka ntuli aka megide ịkpa ókè na Michigan (Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, nke gafere na 2006 ma bụrụ nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kwadoro na 2014 ) na ime ntuli aka na South Dakota iji kagbuo mmachibido iwu ime obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adler0422&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Jonathan|author=Adler|title=Supreme Court upholds Michigan civil rights initiative|date=April 22, 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/04/22/supreme-court-upholds-michigan-civil-rights-initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Machị 23 na 24 nke afọ 2013, FMF kwadoro nzukọ nke 9 nke National Young Feminist Leadership na Arlington, Virginia, ya na ndị ọkà okwu dị ka Dolores Huerta (President, Dolores Herreta Foundation / Co-Founder United Farm Workers / Recipient of Presidential Medal of Freedom), Morgane Richardson (Founder of Refuse The Silence), Monica Simpson (Executive Director, Sister Song), Ivanna Gonzalez (Who Needs Feminism?).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=National Young Feminist Leadership Conference (2013 NYFLC)|url=http://feministcampus.org/conferences/2013-nyflc/|work=feministcampus.org|publisher=Feminist Majority Foundation|accessdate=2014-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923043326/http://feministcampus.org/conferences/2013-nyflc/|archivedate=2014-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị nkwado ya kwupụtara maka enweghị ime ihe ike, FMF kwadoro agha na Afghanistan na nkwupụta na ọ ga-enyere aka ichebe ma tọhapụ ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sheehi|first=Stephen|date=2011|title=Islamophobia: The Ideological Campaign Against Muslims|url=https://archive.org/details/islamophobiaideo0000shee|publisher=Clarity Press|isbn=9780932863676}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọnọdụ nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America Tom Hayden katọrọ na 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-hayden/pentagon-enlists-feminist_b_238715.html|title=Pentagon Enlists Feminists for War Aims|author=Hayden|first=Tom|date=25 May 2011|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=16 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Atụmatụ iwu ==
Ndị Feminist Majority abụwokwa ndị ndu na mmeri iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere imezigharị Iwu Ikike Obodo nke 1991 iji nye maka mmebi ego nye ụmụ nwanyị ndị meriri mkpesa mmekọahụ na ịkpa ókè mmekọahụ n'ụlọ ikpe; mmeri nke Iwu ezumike Ezinụlọ na Ahụike nke 1993; Iwu Ime Ihe Ike megide Ụmụ nwanyị na Nnwere Onwe Ịga n'Ụlọ Ọgwụ, na 1994; iweghachi Iwu Iwu ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na-emebi Gun Ban, na 1996; iweghachi Isiokwu IX, na 1988, wee nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na-agbachitere Isiokwu IX megide mmeri ndị ikom na-anwa ịkpa ókè na 2003, na-eme megide mmeri Bush. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;Given link provides no data, assertion regarding Bush especially unclear (October 2019)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Speakers|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226232450/http://now.org/about/conference/speakers/|archivedate=2014-02-26|url=http://now.org/about/conference/speakers/|date=2015|work=now.org|publisher=[[National Organization for Women]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Feminist Majority na-aga n'ihu na-akwado nkwado US maka, ha abụọ, United Nations Women's Rights Treaty [[Nkwekọrịta maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè niile megide ụmụ nwanyị|CEDAW]], Convention to End all types of Discrimination Against Women) na International Criminal Court. 

== Hụkwa ==

* Mgbanwe nke Ikike Ịha nhata
* Ịbụ onye inyom
* Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ nwanyị
* Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke Ọha
* Ọganihu

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.feminist.org Feminist Majority Foundation n'ịntanetị]
* [http://www.feministmajority.org/ Ndị inyom ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ]
* [http://www.feministcampus.org Nhọrọ Campus Leadership Program]
* [http://msmagazine.com/ Magazin Ms.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200614030344/http://womenandpolicing.com/ National Center for Women and Policing] E debere  Wayback Machine
* [http://www.feminist.org/afghan/ Mgbasa ozi maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan]
* &quot;Nlegharị anya nke Feminist Majority Foundation&quot;, FMF Campus Program.
{{Feminism}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Laura Haim</title>
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      <text bytes="12701" sha1="fmjz74aks9ztovo2gw8ow0jeoukx8p8" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Onye nta akụkọ bụ onye French-American}}
{{Infobox writer
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| pseudonym = Laurence Haïm
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|5|20}}
| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| occupation = Journalist
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'''Laura Haim''' (ma ọ bụ '''Laurence Haïm''', dịka a maara ya na [[France]]) bụ onye nta akụkọ French-American. A mụrụ ya na Mee 20, 1966, na [[Paris]], France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |first=Caroline |last=de Bodinat |title=Laurence Haïm, l'art de l'info |publisher=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |date=2016-01-17 |url=https://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/Laurence-Haim-l-art-de-l-info-3024715 |lang=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Sarah|last=Lecoeuvre|title=Qui est vraiment Laurence Haïm, la nouvelle porte-parole d'Emmanuel Macron|language=French |work=Le Figaro|date=2017-01-17 |url=https://tvmag.lefigaro.fr/programme-tv/qui-est-vraiment-laurence-haim-la-nouvelle-porte-parole-d-emmanuel-macron_81ae8dd6-d7ec-11e6-b565-a1f91d4e67bf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ọrụ==

=== Tupu-Obama ===
Ọ bụbu onye nta akụkọ na ụlọ ọrụ CAPA dị na Washington (nke Hervé Chabalier duziri) ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'etiti 1989 na 1995.&lt;ref&gt;a, b, c, d et e « À propos » [archive] sur À la Maison-Blanche, le blog de Laurence Haïm sur le site officiel de Canal+ (consulté le 3 juin 2009).&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nta akụkọ mbụ nọ ebe ahụ ma e jikọtara ya na mmepụta mmemme dịka &quot;awa 24&quot; na [[Canal+ (French TV channel)|Canal +]], &quot;[[Envoyé spécial]]&quot; (the French 60 Minutes) na [[France 2]], na &quot;[[Zone interdite]]&quot; n'ime [[M6 (TV channel)|M6]].&lt;ref&gt;a, b, c, d, e, f et g « Interviews - Laurence Haïm » [archive], Julie Rebeyrol, Infrarouge.fr (consulté le 14 janvier 2017)&lt;/ref&gt;
Dịka onye nta akụkọ mba ofesi maka CAPA, o dere akụkọ gbasara ihe ndị mere n'ụwa niile dịka ụnwụ nri na [[Somalia]], mmalite agha na [[Bosnia]], na ọnọdụ dị na [[Israel]], West Bank, na [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]].&lt;ref&gt;a, b, c, d et e &quot;À propos&quot; [archive] sur À la Maison-Blanche, le blog de Laurence Haïm sur le site officiel de Canal+ (consulté le 3 juin 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1992, Haim kwagara na [[New York City|New York]] iji chọọ ọrụ na U.S. O hiwere ụlọ ọrụ mbụ maka Canal Plus Group, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nta akụkọ ruo afọ 2001.
Mgbe Septemba 11, 2001 gachara, e zigara Haim ọrụ na [[Izrel]]. Mgbawa ogbunigwe gburu onwe mere ebe ahụ, nke o malitere idekọ. N'oge ahụ, [[Dan Rather]] nke [[CBS News]] nọkwa ebe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.purepeople.com/article/laurence-haim-la-confidente-frenchie-de-barack-obama_a28716/1|title=Laurence Haïm, la confidente frenchie de... Barack Obama !|website=purepeople.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411095439/https://www.purepeople.com/article/laurence-haim-la-confidente-frenchie-de-barack-obama_a28716/1 |archivedate=2009-04-11 |lang=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe o zutere ya, o kpebiri ịkpọrọ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dịka onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nta akụkọ vidiyo maka CBS News.&lt;ref&gt;« À propos » [archive] sur À la Maison-Blanche, le blog de Laurence Haïm sur le site officiel de Canal+ (consulté le 3 juin 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 2002 ruo 2006, Haim nọ na [[Baghdad]] karịsịa, ebe ọ na-akọ akụkọ agha [[Iraq]] na [[Near East]] maka CBS.&lt;ref name=&quot;uchicago.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://politics.uchicago.edu/fellows-program/fellow/laura-haim|title=Laura Haim, Fall 2017 Resident Fellow|website=politics.uchicago.edu |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818082933/http://politics.uchicago.edu/fellows-program/fellow/laura-haim |archivedate=2017-08-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbasa ozi na ikike onyeisiala Obama ===
Haim laghachiri na [[United States]] n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006. N'oge ahụ, ọ gwara Canal Plus ka ọ soro mkpọsa [[Barack Obama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt; Na 2008, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ a kwadoro [[White House]] na [[Pentagon|Pentagon]] maka Canal Plus Group wee kwaga [[Washington, D.C.]], ịgbaso ọchịchị Obama kwa ụbọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Guillaume |last=Gendron |title=Laurence Haïm: la grande muette |website=Libération.fr |date=2017-03-31 |lang=fr |url=https://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2017/03/31/laurence-haim-la-grande-muette_1559860/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Juun 2009, ọ gbara ajụjụ ọnụ ọzọ na President Obama, nke a na-egosi na [[Canal+ (French TV channel)|Canal +]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|first=Emmanuel |last=Berretta |title=Barack Obama sur Canal+ : les dessous d'une interview |work=LePoint.fr |date=2009-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dépêche de l'Agence France-Presse, &quot;Interview de Barack Obama diffusée mardi en clair sur Canal+&quot; [archive] sur Google Actualités, 1er juin 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; O kpuchikwara akụkọ gbasara ihe ọjọọ gbasara mmekọahụ nke metụtara [[Dominique Strauss-Khan]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.premiere.fr/TV/News-Tele/Affaire-DSK-Laurence-Haim-Jamais-je-nai-ete-aussi-stressee|title=Affaire DSK : Laurence Haïm : &quot;Jamais je n'ai été aussi stressée&quot;|date=16 September 2015|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye bụbu onye isi njikwa nke [[IMF]] onye chọrọ ịzọ ọkwa onyeisiala na [[France]].

Haim gbara akụkọ ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na ọwa ozi awa iri abụọ na anọ nke Canal Plus [[I-Télé]], nke na-agbasa ozi na mba iri isii na-asụ French, gụnyere ndị dị na mba [[Africa]].
Ọ hibere otu mbụ maka ndị mba ọzọ White House ndị nta akụkọ a kwadoro na White House. Site n'afọ 2009 ruo 2014, ndị ọgbọ ya họpụtara ya ugboro abụọ dịka onyeisi oche nke White House Foreign Press Association.&lt;ref name=&quot;uchicago.edu&quot; /&gt;

A maara Haim maka na ọ bụ naanị onye nta akụkọ France gbara Barack Obama ajụjụ ọnụ ugboro atọ n'oge ọ bụ onye omeiwu na onyeisiala.&lt;ref&gt;ITWOBAMA (3 June 2009). &quot;Barack Obama : exclusive Interview with Laurence Haïm (CANAL+)&quot; – via YouTube.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbasa ozi na ikike onyeisiala Trump ===
Na Eprel 2015, o kwere nkwa ikpuchi mkpọsa [[Donald Trump]] maka [[Canal+ (French TV channel)|Canal Plus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&quot;Trois bonnes raisons de voir&quot; Showtime !, &quot;le docu de Laurence Haïm&quot; [archive], sur Elle.fr, 4 novembre 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ naanị onye nta akụkọ Yuropu a kwadoro maka mkpọsa Trump na mba ofesi site na Ọgọst 2016 ruo mgbe a họpụtara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; 
Na 2015, Laura nwetara ajụjụ ọnụ na praịm minista Izrel [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]&lt;ref&gt;CNEWS (7 Ọgọst 2014). &quot;Interview exclusive de Benjamin Netanyahu&quot; – via YouTube.&lt;/ref&gt; n'oge agha ahụ na [[Agha Gaza (2008–09)|Gaza]], ọ bụkwa naanị onye nta akụkọ France nwere ike ime nke ahụ. N'afọ 2016, ọ gbara otu n'ime ndị agha mmiri kwuru na ya gburu [[Osama bin Laden]] n'oge mwakpo ahụ, ajụjụ ọnụ na telivishọn France.&lt;ref&gt;CNEWS (11 December 2014). &quot;Témoignage exclusif du tueur de Ben Laden, Robert O'Neill&quot; – via YouTube.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ garakwa [[ogige njide Guantanamo Bay|Guantanamo]] ihe karịrị ugboro asatọ iji dekọọ [[mwakpo Septemba 11|9/11]] tupu ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Laurence Haïm enquête sur le futur procès du 11 septembre - info-tele-2-semaines - Télé 2 semaines&quot;.  JFhsfohhMN (25 November 2015). &quot;Canal Pl&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbasa ozi onyeisiala mba France Emmanuel Macron ===
Ihe tụrụ ọtụtụ mmadụ n'anya bụ na enyere Haim ọkwa onye na-ekwuchitere mba ụwa maka mkpọsa onyeisiala [[Emmanuel Macron]], ọ sonyeere ndị otu ya na Disemba 2016.&lt;ref&gt;Cédric Pietralunga, &quot;Macron muscle son équipe de campagne&quot;, Le Monde.fr, 11 janvier 2017 {{ISSN|1950-6244}}, lire en ligne [archive]&lt;/ref&gt;
Na Julaị 12, 2017, mgbe mkpọsa nke Onyeisiala Macron gasịrị, Haim kpebiri ịlaghachi na United States wee sonye dịka onye otu Institute of Political Studies na Institute of Politics nke [[University of Chicago]], onye isi ya bụ David Axelrod, onye bụbu onye ndụmọdụ Barack Obama.          '''Laghachi azụ na onye na-enye onyinye mba ofesi na mba Amerịka''' :                                                                    O mechara laghachi Washington wee mepụta ihe nkiri gbasara Melania Trump maka Mediawan. Na 2020, o kwuru maka ntuli aka onyeisiala nke mba Amerịka ma kọọ akụkọ ozugbo site na Capitol na Jenụwarị 6, 2021. E bipụtara ihe nkiri ya nke ngwa TV e bibiri n'ụwa niile.

'''ONYE NA-ETINYE AKA NA ONYE NDUZI'''                                         E nyere ya ọrụ inye aka n'ịkọwa agha na Yukren maka ọwa akụkọ LCI nke na-ewe awa iri abụọ na anọ. Na Septemba afọ 2024, ọ zutere onye nduzi mba France bụ Luc Besson, onye ya na Virginie Silla kpebiri imepụta ihe nkiri ya nke o sere n'onwe ya na mkpọsa onyeisiala Trump. &quot;Donald Trump, God, and His People&quot;  ewepụtara n'oge kachasị na France Télévisions na Nọvemba 5. Netwọk ahụ wee were ya n'ọrụ ka ọ kọọ akụkọ maka awa iri abụọ na anọ ya na ọwa akụkọ France Info gbasara ọchịchị Trump dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka mmemme oge mgbede nke lekwasịrị anya na mba Amerịka.

Mgbe Jenụwarị 20 gachara, mgbe ọ tụrụ aro ịkwaga mba Amerịka iji kọọ akụkọ gbasara ọchịchị Trump, ọwa ahụ jụrụ, wee nye ya ohere ịga n'ihu na Paris kama. Ọ jụrụ wee pụọ. Ugbu a ọ na-ekwu na ya nọ &quot;ezumike ezumike,&quot; ọ jụrụ ajụjụ ọnụ ma na-akatọ usoro akụkọ TV nke awa iri abụọ na anọ. Ndị mmadụ na-eso ya na X, ebe o nwere ndị na-eso ya puku narị abụọ na iri itoolu na asaa (297,000).

== Ihe nrite ==
N'afọ 2013 na 2014, a kpọrọ ya aha onye nta akụkọ mba ofesi kacha mma na France ma natakwa ihe nrite &quot;Femme en Or, Media Woman of the Year&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Liste des lauréates des trophées Femmes en Or 2014 [archive], Aufeminin.com (consulté le 11 janvier 2017).&lt;/ref&gt; Magazin akụkọ ''France-Amérique'' gosipụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị France kacha mkpa bi na U.S.

E mere ya Chevalier de La [[Legion d'Honneur]] na 2015 maka ọrụ ya dị oke mkpa n'ọrụ nta akụkọ na ọrụ ya na mba Amerịka.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Décret du 13 juillet 2015 portant nomination&quot; [archive], sur Légion d'honneur, 13 juillet 2015 (consulté le 14 juillet 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri akụkọ ==
=== Ihe nkiri maka French TV ===

* 2006: ''Fire Island''
* 2007, ''April: Darfur ER with George Clooney'' (45 minutes). Envoyé spécial
* 2008: ''No Access'' (55min). [[Agence CAPA|CAPA]]
* 2010: ''Full Access'' (1h17). CAPA
* 2012: ''Obama, La dernière campagne'' (1h10). CAPA
* 2016: ''Election américaine: Showtime!'' (54min). CAPA.                                                                          2019: ''Looking for Melania'' (61min).MEDIAWAN. 2024: ''Donald Trump, Dieu et les siens'' ( 61 min) LUC BESSON

==Ndekọ Akwụkwọ==
* ''Journal'' ''d'une année à part : 11 septembre 2001-11 septembre 2002,'' Paris: [[La Martinière Groupe|La Martinière]], 2002, p.&amp;nbsp;301 {{ISBN|2-84675-039-4}}
* ''Les Bombes humaines : Enquête au cœur du conflit israélo-palestinien'', Paris: [[La Martinière Groupe|La Martinière]], 2003, p.&amp;nbsp;223 {{ISBN|2-84675-041-6}}
* ''Une Française à New-York,'' Paris: [[Éditions Robert Laffont|Robert Laffont]], 2007, p.&amp;nbsp;201 {{ISBN|978-2-221-10619-8}}
* ''Obama président : Saison 1,'' Paris: Éditions du Moment, 2010, p.&amp;nbsp;232 {{ISBN|978-2-35417-088-2}}
* ''Made in France : La présidentielle dans l'œil américain,'' (&lt;abbr&gt;photogr.&lt;/abbr&gt; Charles Ommanney) Paris: [[Éditions Albin Michel|Albin Michel]], 2012, p.&amp;nbsp;173 {{ISBN|978-2-226-20822-4}}

== Edensibia ==
{{reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/laurence-haim |website=RadioFrance.fr |title=Laurence Haïm video segments}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haim, Laura}}
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    <title>Françoise Hardy</title>
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{{Infobox person
| name               = Françoise Hardy
| image              = Francoise hardy february 1966.jpg
| alt                =&lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;
| caption            = Hardy na 1966
| birth_name         = Françoise Madeleine Hardy
| birth_date         = {{birth date|df=yes|1944|1|17}}
| birth_place        = [[Paris]], France
| death_date         = {{death date and age|df=yes|2024|6|11|1944|1|17}}
| death_place        = Paris, France
| occupation         = {{hlist|Singer-songwriter|astrologer|writer|actress}}
| years_active       = 1962–2021
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Jacques Dutronc]]|30 March 1981|1988|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}}
| children           = [[Thomas Dutronc]]
| website            = {{URL|francoise-hardy.com}}
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| genre         = {{hlist|[[French pop]]|[[yé-yé]]|[[chanson]]}}
| instrument    = {{hlist|Vocals|guitar}}
| label         = {{hlist|[[Disques Vogue]]|[[Sonopresse]]|[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]|[[Pathé-Marconi]]|Flarenasch|[[EMI Records|EMI]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]|[[Parlophone]]}}
}}
| signature          = Françoise Hardy signature.svg
| signature_alt      =
}}

'''Françoise Madeleine Hardy'''; (17 Jenụwarị 1944 – 11 Juun 2024) bụ onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede nke sị mba France. A maara ya maka ịbụ abụ ndị na-atọ ọchị ma na-akpali akpali. Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama na mbido afọ 1960 dịka onye isi na French ''[[yé-yé]]'' egwu wee bụrụ [[Akara ngosi pop|akara omenala]] na France na mba ụwa. E wezụga asụsụ French nke obodo ya, ọ na-abụkwa abụ n'asụsụ Bekee, Itali, na German. Ọrụ egwu ya ruru ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, e wepụtakwara ihe karịrị [[album studio]] iri atọ. Ọ nọchitekwara anya [[Monaco]] na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963]].

A mụrụ ma zụlite ya na [[9th arrondissement of Paris]], Hardy mere egwu mbụ ya na 1962 na ụlọ ọrụ French [[Disques Vogue]] wee nweta ihe ịga nke ọma ozugbo site na egwu &quot;''[[Tous les garçons et les filles]]''&quot;. Site n'ịhapụ mmetụta mbụ ya [[rock and roll]], ọ malitere idekọ ihe na London na 1964, nke nyere ya ohere ịgbasa ụda ya site na abọm dịka ''[[Mon amie la rose (album)|Mon amie la rose]]'', ''[[L'amitié]]'', ''[[La maison où j'ai grandi (album)|La maison où j'ai grandi]]'', na ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...]].'' N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970, o wepụtara ''[[Comment te dire adieu (album)|Comment te dire adieu]]'', ''[[La question (album)|La question]]'', na ''[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]''. N'oge a, ya na ndị na-ede egwu dịka [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Tuca (musician)|Tuca]], [[Patrick Modiano]], [[Michel Berger]], na [[Catherine Lara]] rụrụ ọrụ. N'agbata afọ 1977 na 1988, ya na onye mmepụta [[Gabriel Yared]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na abọm ndị ''Star'', ''Musique saoûle'', ''Gin Tonic'',  na ''À suivre''. Ndekọ ya nke afọ 1988 ''Décalages'' a kpọsara ya dị ka abọm ikpeazụ ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ lọghachiri afọ asatọ ka e mesịrị na ''Le danger'', nke mere ka ụda ya dị ka nke siri ike [[alternative rock]]. Abọm ndị na-esochi ya nke afọ 2000 — ''[[Clair-obscur (album)|Clair-obscur]]'', ''Tant de belles choses'', na ''(Parenthèses...)'' — ahụla ka ọ laghachiri n'ụdị dị nro ya. N'afọ 2010, Hardy wepụtara abọm atọ ikpeazụ ya: ''[[La pluie sans parapluie]]'', ''[[L'Amour fou (album)|L'amour fou]]'', na ''[[Personne d'autre]]''.

Na mgbakwunye na egwu, Hardy nwetara ọrụ ihe nkiri dịka [[onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado]] na ''[[Nutty, Naughty Chateau|Château en Suède]]'', ''[[A Bullet Through the Heart|Une balle au cœur]]'', na mmepụta nke Amerịka ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]''. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ngosi maka ndị na-emepụta ejiji dịka [[André Courrèges]], [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]], na [[Paco Rabanne]], ma soro onye na-ese foto [[Jean-Marie Périer]] rụkọọ ọrụ. Hardy zụlitere ọrụ dịka [[Ịgụ kpakpando|onye na-agụ kpakpando]], ebe o dere ọtụtụ ihe gbasara isiokwu a site na afọ 1970 gaa n'ihu. Ọ bụkwa onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo site na afọ 2000. Akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Le désespoir des singes...et autres bagatelles'' (''The Despair of Monkeys...and Other Trifles''), bụ nke kacha ree ahịa na Frans.

Dịka onye ọha na eze, a maara Hardy maka ihere ya, enweghị mmasị na ndụ ndị ama ama, na àgwà iwe onwe onye, nke e kwuru na ọ bụ ya mere o ji na-alụ ọgụ ná ndụ ya niile na [[nchegbu]] na enweghị ntụkwasị obi. Ọ lụrụ onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ nke France [[Jacques Dutronc]] na 1981. Nwa ha nwoke, [[Thomas Dutronc|Thomas]], ghọkwara onye egwu. Hardy ka bụ otu n'ime ndị na-abụ abụ kacha ere ahịa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị France, a ka na-ahụkwa ya dị ka onye dị mkpa ma nwee mmetụta n'ihe gbasara [[egwu pop French]] na ejiji. Na 2006, e nyere ya onyinye ''[[Grande médaille de la chanson française]]'', onyinye nsọpụrụ nke e nyere site n'aka ndị [[Académie française]], iji gosi ọrụ ya n'egwu. Hardy nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa na Paris na June 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 80.

==Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ==
[[File:Rue dAumale Paris.jpg|thumb|A zụlitere Hardy n'ụlọ dị obere n'akụkụ Rue d'Aumale, na Paris [[9th arrondissement of Paris|9th arrondissement]]]]
A mụrụ Françoise Madeleine Hardy na Jenụwarị 17, 1944 na Marie-Louise Clinic dị na [[9th arrondissement of Paris|9th arrondissement]] nke Paris na [[ọchịchị ndị agha German na France weghaara n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ | France nke ndị Germany weghaara]] n'oge [[Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyOne&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;One&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ ya n'oge [[Mgbọ ogbunigwe nke France n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ | mwakpo ikuku]], windo ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gbawara.&lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=8 October 2020 |title=Françoise Hardy, la mélancolie en chansons |trans-title=Françoise Hardy, melancholy in songs |url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/francoise-hardy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115625/https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/francoise-hardy |archive-date=11 May 2021 |access-date=10 May 2021 |newspaper=[[France Culture]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwuru na a mụrụ ya n'ọnọdụ ime ihe ike nke kpatara &quot;àgwà ya nke nwere nchekasị&quot; mgbe ọ bụ okenye.&lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot;/&gt; A mụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị nke nta, Michèle, ọnwa iri na asatọ ka e mesịrị&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEnfance&quot; /&gt; na nne ha, Madeleine Hardy ({{circa}}1921–1991&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyOne&quot; /&gt;), onye si n'ezinụlọ nkịtị, zụlitere Françoise na Michèle dị ka [[nne ma ọ bụ nna naanị ya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEnfance&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«C'est ton enfance / Qui se promène à cloche-pied / Dans ta mémoire...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya, Étienne Dillard, bụ nwoke lụrụ nwunye, onye si n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya. O meghị ihe ọ bụla iji nyere ha aka n'ụzọ ego, ọ bụkwa onye na-anọghị ya n'oge a zụlitere ha,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEnfance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;linternaute&quot;/&gt; naanị ileta ụmụaka ugboro ole na ole n'afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot;/&gt; Nne Hardy zụlitere ụmụ ya nwanyị n'ụlọ dị obere n'ime Rue d'Aumale nke dị n'ógbè nke itoolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEnfance&quot;/&gt; Hardy enweghị obi ụtọ ma nwee nsogbu mgbe ọ bụ nwata&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot;/&gt; ma na-etinye aka n'ihe omume naanị ya dịka ịgụ akwụkwọ, igwu egwu na nwa bebi, ma ọ bụ ige redio.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonLit&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Dans mon lit / Je dors, je rêve ou je lis»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihi nrụgide nna ha, ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ gara n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik a na-akpọ Institution La Bruyère, n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị nọn Trinitarian.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyOne&quot; /&gt; Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Hardy na ụmụ klas ya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ ihe kpatara enweghị ntụkwasị obi ruo ndụ ya niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEnfance&quot; /&gt; Nne nne ya mere ka ahụike uche ya ka njọ,&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyOne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEnfance&quot; /&gt; onye &quot;gwara ya ugboro ugboro na [ọ] dịghị mma ma dịkwa njọ nke ukwuu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;mortality&quot; /&gt;  N'agbata afọ 1952 na 1960, a na-eziga Hardy na nwanne ya nwanyị n'Ọstria kwa oge okpomọkụ ka ha mụọ asụsụ German, onye hụrụ nne ya n'anya ọhụrụ, onye [[onye a ma ama na Austria | onye isi Austria]] gbara ya ume.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroAustria&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Les étés autrichiens&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya na-akpọ piano, e wee mee ka Hardy mụta piano mgbe ọ bụ nwata, nke ọ kwụsịrị mgbe ọ hụrụ egwu n'elu ikpo okwu mgbe a chọrọ ka ọ mee ihe ngosi n'elu ikpo okwu na [[Salle Gaveau]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe Hardy dị afọ iri na isii, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị wee gafere ''[[baccalauréat]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Two&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Iji mee emume ahụ, nna ya jụrụ ya onyinye ọ ga-achọ, o wee họrọ gita, nke o ji malite ịbụ abụ nke ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt; N'ịgbaso iwu nne ya, o debanyere aha na [[Paris Institute of Political Studies]] mgbe ọ ka dị afọ iri na ụma,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt; mana ọ hụrụ na ọ siri ike nke ukwuu, ọ hapụrụ Institute ahụ wee debanye aha na [[Mahadum nke Paris|Sorbonne]] iji mụọ asụsụ German.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Francoise is France's little girl next door |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-mirror-francoise-is-frances-littl/168845615/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=23 March 1963 |location=London, United Kingdom |page=16 |via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hardy jiri oge fọdụrụ n'ọmụmụ ihe ya dee egwu&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt; wee malite ime ihe nkiri n'otu obere ebe egwuregwu, ebe ọ na-akpọ egwu kwa Tọzde &quot;n'ihu ndị lara ezumike nka&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGuitare&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Un air de guitare...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge a, ọ gara nyocha maka aha ndekọ [[Pathé-Marconi]] mgbe ọ hụrụ mgbasa ozi na ''[[France-Soir]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGuitare&quot; /&gt; A jụrụ ya, mana obi dị ya ụtọ na o dọtara uche ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo ogologo oge karịa ka ọ tụrụ anya ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGuitare&quot; /&gt; Obi gbakwara ya ume mgbe ọ nụrụ olu ya e tinyere na edekọ, nke o chere na ọ &quot;adịghị mma ma dịkwa egwu karịa ka [ọ] tụrụ anya ya&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ egwu ==
=== 1961–1962: Mmalite ọrụ ya ===

Hardy gara [[Philips Records]], ebe a tụrụ aro ka ọ mụta ịkụ abụ nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGuitare&quot; /&gt; Ọ sonyere ule nbata nke ''Le Petit Conservatoire de la chanson'' na 1961, ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eme ihe ngosi nke a na-agbasa na redio na telivishọn.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGuitare&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;INAfille&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Dartois |first=Florence |date=29 March 2021 |title=1962, Françoise Hardy, jeune espoir du &quot;Petit conservatoire&quot; |trans-title=1962, Françoise Hardy, olileanya ọhụrụ nke &quot;Petit Conservatoire&quot; |url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire |access-date=21 May 2021 |publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi mmemme ahụ, [[Mireille Hartuch]], bụ onye a maara nke ọma maka ịhọrọ ndị sonyere nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ hụrụ Hardy ka ọ na-abanye n’ụlọ klas, ọ nabatara ya ozugbo ọbụna tupu ọ kpọọ egwu ma ọ bụ bụrụọ abụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGuitare&quot; /&gt; Ha mechara nwee mmekọrịta yiri nke nne na nwa nwanyị, yana ọbụbụenyi dabere n’ịkwanyere ibe ha ùgwù.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGuitare&quot; /&gt;

N’ụbọchị 14 Mee 1961, Hardy sonyere ule nbata maka ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu France [[Disques Vogue]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVogue&quot; /&gt; Ọdịdị ya dọtara mmasị onye injinia ụda ha André Bernot, onye chere na ọ “ga-adị mma n’elu mkpuchi ndekọ egwu”, ma kwere nkwa ịkụziri ya tiori egwu iji meziwanye nghọta ya banyere oge na ụda egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVogue&quot; /&gt; Bernot mechara dekọọ obere [[Demo (music)|demo]] nwere egwu anọ ya na ya, nke o nyefere onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ Jacques Wolfsohn.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVogue&quot; /&gt; Wolfsohn na-achọ nwanyị ga-abụ abụ ''Oh oh chéri'', ụdị French nke egwu &quot;Uh Oh&quot; nke [[Bobby Lee Trammell]] dere ma bụrụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVogue&quot; /&gt; Mgbe Hardy mechara ule nbata, Wolfsohn nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọrụ otu afọ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt; nke ọ bịanyere aka na ya n’ụbọchị 14 Novemba 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVogue&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;En Vogue&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Hartuch nụrụ banyere nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ Hardy, ọ kpọrọ ya ka ọ pụta na mmemme telivishọn ''Petit Conservatoire'' na 6 Febrụwarị 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;petitfille&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire/ |title=1962, Françoise Hardy, jeune espoir du &quot;Petit conservatoire&quot; |access-date=28 May 2021 |date=29 March 2021 |language=French |publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]] |first=Florence |last=Dartois |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215328/https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy jiri gita bụrụọ egwu mbụ ya dere onwe ya, ''La fille avec toi'', mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị a jụrụ ya ihe okwu Bekee ''yeah! yeah!'' dị n’abụ ya pụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;petitfille&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe e mesịrị, ntụgharịasụsụ ahụ bụ ''[[yé-yé]]'' ghọrọ okwu a ma ama site n’ọrụ onye ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya [[Edgar Morin]], n’isiokwu e bipụtara na ''[[Le Monde]]'' na 7 Julaị 1963, ebe ọ nyochara mmepe ngwa ngwa nke egwu pop ndị ntorobịa na-edu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Briggs1425&quot;&gt;Briggs, 2015, pp. 14–25&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTournee&quot; /&gt; Aha ''yé-yé'' sitere na mmemme redio ''[[Salut les copains (radio program)|Salut les copains]]'', nke [[Daniel Filipacchi]] kere, yana [[Salut les copains (magazine)|magazin]] nke otu aha ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Briggs1425&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGarcon&quot; /&gt;

=== 1962–1963: Mmasị ''Yé-yé'' ===
'''Hardy na ''[[Grand Gala du Disque]]'' na Netherlands, Ọktoba 1963'''
[[File:Francoise Hardy biedt prinses Margriet bloemen aan tijdens het Grand Gala du Dis, Bestanddeelnr 915-6257.jpg|thumb| Izute [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]] na onye nchịkwa egwuregwu [[Jaap van Praag (football administrator)|Jaap van Praag]].]]
[[File:Grand Gala du Disque populier in Kurhaus te Scheveningen Nummer 202122 Godfrie, Bestanddeelnr 915-6264.jpg|thumb|Ịnata [[Edison Award]] n’otu “Ndị Ntorobịa” n’aka odee na onye ama ama telivishọn [[Godfried Bomans]].]]

Vogue wepụtara [[extended play]] (EP) mbụ Hardy na Mee 1962, nke gụnyere &quot;''Oh oh chéri''&quot; tinyere abụ ndị o dere n’onwe ya bụ &quot;''Il est parti un jour''&quot;, &quot;''J'suis d'accord''&quot; na abụ ịhụnanya na-emetụ n’obi &quot;''[[Tous les garçons et les filles]]''&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroProjets&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;''Des projets d'avenir''&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N’isi Ọktoba, Hardy sere [[music video]] ojii na ọcha maka &quot;''Tous les garçons et les filles''&quot;, nke Pierre Badel duziri ma gosipụta ya na mmemme telivishọn ''Toute la chanson''.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVogue&quot;/&gt; Abụ ahụ bụ nhọrọ Hardy, yana nke onye nrụpụta mmemme ahụ André Salvet, n’agbanyeghị na Wolfsohn enweghị mmasị ịkwalite ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVogue&quot;/&gt; A kpọbatara Hardy n’ihu ndị na-ekiri telivishọn ka ukwuu na 28 Ọktoba mgbe e gosipụtara vidio ahụ ọzọ n’oge ezumike mgbasa ozi n’etiti mgbasa nsonaazụ nke [[1962 French presidential election referendum|ntuli aka ntụgharị uche onye isi ala France nke 1962]].&lt;ref name=&quot;linternaute&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Dieu |first=Sarah |date=31 March 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy malade: ce que l'on sait sur sa santé |trans-title=Françoise Hardy na-arịa ọrịa: ihe a maara gbasara ahụike ya |url=https://www.linternaute.com/musique/biographie/1777696-francoise-hardy-malade-ce-que-l-on-sait-sur-sa-sante/ |access-date=10 May 2021 |publisher=L'Internaute |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.es/cultura/musica/abci-francoise-hardy-nuevo-disco-201210300000_noticia.html |language=Spanish |access-date=11 May 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy: album ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ |last=de la Fuente |first=Manuel |date=21 October 2012 |work=ABC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroElectre&quot;/&gt;

Abụ ahụ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama ngwa ngwa n’etiti ndị ntorobịa France, ọkachasị ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n’afọ iri na ụma, ma malitekwa ịkpọ ya ugboro ugboro n’ụlọ ọrụ redio, karịsịa na [[Europe n° 1]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroProjets&quot;/&gt; E mechakwara mee ka &quot;''Tous les garçons et les filles''&quot; bụrụ ihe a ma ama site na vidio [[Scopitone]] nke [[Claude Lelouch]] duziri.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroElectre&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;''Électre en ciré noir''&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Vogue wepụtara ngwa ngwa EP abụọ ọzọ nke abụ Hardy. E mesịrị, a chịkọtara ha na EP mbụ ahụ wee bụrụ album studio mbụ ya, nke a maara dịka ''Tous les garçons et les filles''.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRois&quot;/&gt; Na France, a na-ele usoro [[LP record|LP]] anya n’oge ahụ dịka ihe a na-enyo enyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;rsde&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.de/reviews/francoise-hardy-mon-amie-la-rose/ |language=German |title=Françoise Hardy: Mon amie la rose (Nyocha na Streaming) |last=Vetter |first=Marc |date=18 March 2016 |access-date=14 May 2021 |magazine=Rolling Stone |location=Germany}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’ihi ya, album mbụ Hardy bụkarị nchịkọta nke [[7-inch record]] anọ a tọhapụrụ mbụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;p4kreviews&quot;/&gt; usoro a maara dịka &quot;super 45 [rpm]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRois&quot;/&gt; Ọtụtụ n’ime album ogologo ya enweghị aha pụrụ iche; naanị aha ya ka e dere n’elu mkpuchi, ma a na-akpọkarị ha site n’aha abụ kachasị ewu ewu dị na nchịkọta ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;exclaim&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroQuestion&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Question» mythique&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Album studio mbụ Hardy nwetara ''Trophée de la Télévision'' yana onyinye a ma ama nke ''[[Grand Prix du Disque]]'' nke [[Académie Charles Cros]] na-enye.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRois&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«À vingt ans / On est les rois du monde»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule mbido 1963, e rerela ndekọ 500,000 nke &quot;''Tous les garçons et les filles''&quot; na France,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFenetre&quot;/&gt; ma ọnụọgụ ahụ ruru nde 2.5 n’ime ọnwa ole na ole sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroElectre&quot;/&gt;

Abụ Hardy ndị bụ &quot;''J'suis d'accord''&quot;, &quot;''Le temps de l'amour''&quot;, na &quot;''Tous les garçons...''&quot; nọ n’elu chaatị abụ ndị kacha ere na France na ngwụcha 1962 na mbido 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;infodisc60s&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lesueur |first1=Daniel |last2=Durand |first2=Dominic |year=2018 |title=Toutes les Chansons N° 1 des Années 60's |trans-title=Abụ niile rutere n’ọnọdụ mbụ n’afọ 1960s |url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Chanson_Number1_60.php |access-date=23 May 2021 |publisher=InfoDisc |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O binyere nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ afọ ise na Vogue yana nkwekọrịta na Editions Musicales Alpha, ụlọ ọrụ Wolfsohn guzobere.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroElectre&quot;/&gt; O zutere [[:fr:Michel Bourdais|Michel Bourdais]], onye na-ese ihe na-emepụta atụmatụ nke [[Charles Aznavour]] chọpụtara n’oge na-adịbeghị anya,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-link=Richard Anthony (singer) |last=Anthony |first=Richard |title=Quand on choisit la liberté |isbn=978-2738226587 |publisher=Florent Massot |language=French |year=2010 |page=114}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye kere ihe osise mbụ Françoise Hardy. Hardy, nke ihe osise ahụ masịrị nke ukwuu, zụtara ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-link=Richard Anthony (singer) |last=Anthony |first=Richard |title=Quand on choisit la liberté |isbn=978-2738226587 |publisher=Florent Massot |language=French |year=2010 |page=115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Maachị 1963, Hardy nọchitere anya [[Monaco]] na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963]], nke e dere na [[London]]. O rụrụ abụ &quot;''L'amour s'en va''&quot;, nke mechara bụrụ nke ise n’asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe e wepụtara ya dịka single, ọ ruru ọnọdụ nke ise na chaatị France na Juun 1963.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Billboard Hits of the World |magazine=Billboard |date=8 June 1963 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agsEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA31 |access-date=24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Ọktoba, Hardy wepụtara album studio nke abụọ ya, ''[[Le premier bonheur du jour]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTournee&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;''La vie de tournée''&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N’ọnwa ahụkwa, ọ natara [[Edison Award]] n’otu “Ndị Ntorobịa” na ''Grand Gala du Disque'' na Scheveningen, Netherlands.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRois&quot; /&gt; Onye odee [[Godfried Bomans]] nyere ya onyinye ahụ ma too ya dịka “onye nka nwere okike” nke maara otú e si wulite “usoro nke ya pụrụ iche n’enweghị iṅomi ndị America”.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRois&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Francoise Hardy November 3 1963.png|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Hardy na-abata na [[Barcelona]] na 1963, ebe Luis Calvo, onye nduzi mba ụwa nke [[Hispavox]], nabatara ya]]

Dị ka otu n’ime ndị isi nke mgbasa ''yé-yé'', Hardy ghọrọ otu n’ime ndị kacha pụta ìhè n’egwu France ma bụrụkwa nwanyị na-abụ abụ France kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa mba ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/francoise-hardy/biography.html |title=Françoise Hardy – Biography |date=March 2013 |publisher=Radio France Internationale |access-date=27 October 2016 |accessdate=4 June 2026 |archivedate=30 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430034019/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/francoise-hardy/biography.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malite na 1963, e bugara ndekọ ọhụrụ nke &quot;''Tous les garçons et les filles''&quot; a sụgharịrị n’asụsụ Italian, German na Bekee n’ahịa mba ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFenetre&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«LA FENÊTRE OUVERTE SUR LE MONDE... ne vaut pas celle fermée sur mon amour...»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Mba mbụ na-abụghị nke na-asụ French ebe Hardy nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma bụ Italy, ebe a kpọrọ abụ ahụ &quot;''Quelli della mia età''&quot; ma ree ndekọ 255,000. Ọ nọ n’elu chaatị single site na Eprel ruo Ọktoba, ma e wezụga n’etiti Julaị na Ọgọstụ mgbe [[Rita Pavone]] ji &quot;Cuore&quot; gafee ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Dans quel pays vous cachez-vous?»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ngwụcha oge ọkọchị na [[Milan]], Hardy dekọrọ abụ ọhụrụ&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot;/&gt; ndị e tinyere na album Italian ya ''[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |title=[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]] |author=Françoise Hardy |year=1963 |location=Italy |publisher=Disques Vogue |id=LPJ 5034 |type=LP record}}&lt;/ref&gt; Single &quot;''L'età dell'amore''&quot; / &quot;''E all'amore che penso''&quot; ruru kwa n’elu chaatị Italy.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot;/&gt;

===1964–1968: Ịghọ kpakpando a ma ama n’ụwa niile===
[[File:Francoise hardy 1964.jpg|left|thumb|258x258px|Hardy na 1964]]

Na 1963, Hardy gara London ka ọ dekọọ egwu ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mortality&quot; /&gt; N’oge [[British Invasion]] nọ n’elu ewu ewu ya, Hardy chọrọ ime ka ụdị egwu ya bụrụ nke oge a,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroLondres&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Des façons Londres de me promettre Corfou»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ya mere ọ kpebiri ịhapụ ogo adịghị mma nke ụlọ ndekọ na ndị injinia ụda France ma dekọọ egwu ya na ụlọ ọrụ [[Pye Records]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 60&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye nrụpụta egwu [[Tony Hatch]] na Febrụwarị 1964, ọ dekọrọ EP nke gụnyere ụdị ọhụrụ nke &quot;[[Catch a Falling Star]]&quot; yana mmegharị atọ nke egwu ya ndị a ma ama: &quot;Find Me a Boy&quot; (&quot;Tous les garçons et les filles&quot;), &quot;Only Friends&quot; (&quot;Ton meilleur ami&quot;), na &quot;I Wish It Were Me&quot; (&quot;J'aurais voulu&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot; /&gt;

Ndị na-ege egwu na England mbụ họọrọ egwu ya ndị e dere n’asụsụ French,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot; /&gt; ebe &quot;Tous les garçons et les filles&quot; batara na [[UK Singles Chart]] na 1 Julaị 1964 n’ọnọdụ nke iri atọ na isii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles/|title=Tous les garçons et les filles|access-date=29 May 2021|publisher=[[UK Singles Chart|Official Singles Chart]]|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213856/https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Egwu ya nke Bekee nke 1965, &quot;[[All Over the World (Françoise Hardy song)|All Over the World]]&quot;, ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na United Kingdom, rutere n’ime Top 20 ma nọrọ na chaatị ahụ izu iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;allovertheworld&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/song/all-over-the-world-mt0028665336|author-link=Richie Unterberger|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|title=All Over the World – Françoise Hardy|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515013212/https://www.allmusic.com/song/all-over-the-world-mt0028665336|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara nke ọma kwa na South Africa, Australia, na New Zealand,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroLondres&quot; /&gt; nke mere ka o kwe omume ịbụ ndekọ egwu ya kacha ewu ewu n’etiti ndị na-asụ Bekee.&lt;ref name=&quot;allovertheworld&quot; /&gt;

Na 1965, Hardy gara New York iji bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ egwu na [[Kapp Records|Kapp]] maka nkesa ndekọ egwu ya na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonde&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Dans le monde entier»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara albọm studio mbụ ya n’okpuru aha ''The &quot;Yeh-Yeh&quot; Girl From Paris!'' yana egwu otu &quot;However Much&quot;, ụdị Bekee nke egwu e bipụtarala mbụ, &quot;Et même...&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonde&quot; /&gt; A tọhapụrụkwa albọm asụsụ German ''[[In Deutschland]]'', nke nwere egwu ise o dere n’onwe ya na nsụgharị German nke ụfọdụ egwu ya gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonde&quot; /&gt; Egwu kacha ewu ewu ya na Germany bụ &quot;Frag' den Abendwind&quot;, nke nọrọ na chaatị egwu mba ahụ izu iri abụọ na anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonde&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Hardy in orange.png|thumb|209x209px|Hardy na 1966]]

Na 12 Eprel 1966, Hardy so n’ime ndị na-eme ihe ngosi iri anọ na isii sonyere na foto otu nke [[Jean-Marie Périer]] sere maka ''Salut Les Copains''. Foto ahụ ghọrọ akara ngosi nke oge yé-yé ma mesịa bụrụ nke a maara na France dịka &quot;foto nke narị afọ&quot; (French: ''photo du siècle'').&lt;ref name=&quot;linternaute&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Flückiger |first=Laurent |date=12 April 2016 |title=La &quot;photo du siècle&quot; a 50 ans |trans-title=The &quot;photo of the century&quot; is 50 years old. |url=https://www.lematin.ch/story/la-photo-du-siecle-a-50-ans-238515438548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512154919/https://www.lematin.ch/story/la-photo-du-siecle-a-50-ans-238515438548 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021 |work=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malite na ngwụcha afọ 1967, Hardy soro ndụmọdụ Wolfsohn wee malite ịtọhapụ ndekọ egwu ya site n’ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya nke onwe ya, Asparagus, n’agbanyeghị na Vogue gara n’ihu na-ekesa ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSeptieme&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Septième album&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara kwaa ụta maka mkpebi ahụ, na-ekwu na 1999: &quot;Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Vogue, Léon Cabat, sonyekwara na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta a, ma n’etiti ha, ha nwere ọtụtụ n’ime òkè ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Nke a kpatara ọtụtụ ikpe na esemokwu gbasara mmegbu na nrụgide.|source=Hardy, 1999}}

&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSeptieme&quot; /&gt;

Albọm French nke asaa ya, ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...|Ma jeunesse fout le camp]]'', nke bụ nke mbụ e mepụtara n’okpuru Asparagus, pụtara na Nọvemba 1967.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSeptieme&quot; /&gt;

Site na ndụmọdụ onye nrụpụta egwu Bekee Noel Rodgers, Hardy dekọrọ albọm Bekee nke abụọ ya n’oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1968. A maara albọm ahụ n’aha dị iche iche dịka ''[[En anglais]]'', ''The Second English Album'', ''Will You Love Me Tomorrow'', na ''Loving'', dabere na mba e bipụtara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroAnglais&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«En anglais»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1968, Hardy wepụtara ụdị French nke egwu [[Vera Lynn]] &quot;It Hurts to Say Goodbye&quot;, nke a kpọrọ &quot;[[Comment te dire adieu]]&quot;, n’ime [[Comment te dire adieu (album)|albọm nke otu aha ahụ]]. [[Serge Gainsbourg]] dere okwu French nke egwu ahụ, ma ọ ghọrọ otu n’ime ọrụ ya kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben |title=Françoise Hardy, French pop singer and fashion muse, dies aged 80 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3066869250 |date=12 June 2024|website=The Guardian |access-date=19 July 2024|id={{ProQuest|3066869250}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===1969–1976: Ntughari gaa n'ogo nka tozuru etozu===

[[File:Francoise Hardy (1969).jpg|left|thumb|254x254px|Hardy na Amsterdam, Disemba 1969]]

N'afọ 1970, ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ahụ ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na [[Sonopresse]], nke bụ ngalaba nke [[Hachette (publisher)|Hachette]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDomicile&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Double changement de domicile&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ mekwara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta egwu ọhụrụ a kpọrọ Hypopotam ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta egwu nke ya nke a kpọrọ Kundalini.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDomicile&quot; /&gt; Hardy natara nnukwu ego n'ihu site na Sonopresse, nke nyere ya ohere ịkwado ọrụ ya n'onwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt; O mechara kọwaa oge a dịka &quot;oge kacha nwee obi ụtọ&quot; n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'egwu ya n'enweghị nnukwu njide sitere n'aka ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDomicile&quot; /&gt; Oge mgbanwe a n'ọrụ ya malitere site n'ịpụta ọtụtụ [[compilation album|album nchịkọta]] n'afọ 1970, gụnyere album French ''Françoise'', yana album studio ''[[One-Nine-Seven-Zero]]'', nke e dere n'asụsụ Bekee, na ''[[Träume]]'', nke ghọrọ album ikpeazụ ya n'asụsụ German.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDomicile&quot; /&gt;

Album studio French mbụ e mepụtara n'okpuru Hypopotam bụ {{ill|Soleil (Françoise Hardy album)|lt=Soleil|fr|Soleil (album)|italic=yes}}, nke ewepụtara n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1970.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSoleil&quot; /&gt; Album ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ahazi egwu, gụnyere Bernard Estardy, [[Jean-Claude Vannier]], Jean-Pierre Sabar, [[Mick Jones (Foreigner guitarist)|Mick Jones]], [[Saint-Preux]], [[Simon Napier-Bell]], na Tommy Brown nke otu [[Nero and the Gladiators]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6768_franoise-hardy-soleil.html|author=Waltersmoke|language=French|access-date=31 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy – Soleil (1970)|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|date=30 May 2014|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215203/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6768_franoise-hardy-soleil.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|author=Françoise Hardy|title=Soleil|location=France|year=1970|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 39.902|type=LP record}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1970, Hardy wepụtara otu egwu Italian nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke ikpeazụ ya, &quot;Lungo il mare&quot;, nke Giuseppe Torrebruno, [[Luigi Albertelli]] na Donato Renzetti dere.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSoleil&quot; /&gt; Otu egwu a na nke sochirinụ, nke nwere nsụgharị Italian nke &quot;Soleil&quot; (&quot;Sole ti amo&quot;) na &quot;Le crabe&quot; (&quot;Il granchio&quot;), enwebeghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSoleil&quot; /&gt; Ọ deberekwa egwu n'asụsụ Spanish maka oge mbụ ya, maka otu egwu nwere nsụgharị Spanish nke &quot;Soleil&quot; (&quot;Sol&quot;) na &quot;J'ai coupé le téléphone&quot; (&quot;Corté el teléfono&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSoleil&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media notes |title=Sol|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1970|type=7-inch single|location=Spain|publisher=[[Hispavox]]|id=H 609}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1971, Hardy wepụtara otu egwu nke onye na-ede ma na-abụ abụ [[Patrick Dewaere|Patrick Dewaere]] nke a kpọrọ &quot;T'es pas poli&quot;, mgbe arụmọrụ ya na [[Café de la Gare]] dị na Paris masịrị ya nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSoleil&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Soleil ou lune&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Dewaere na Hardy sonyere ọnụ n'ọtụtụ mmemme telivishọn iji kwalite egwu ahụ, ma ọ naghị enweta ihe ịga nke ọma a tụrụ anya ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1970, Hardy zutere Tuca (Valeniza Zagni da Silva), onye Brazil na-abụ abụ ma na-akpọ guitar nke bi na Paris, ma ha ghọrọ ezigbo enyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Blay |first=Milton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AA6FAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT27 |title=Direto de Paris: coq au vin com feijoada |year= 2014 |publisher=Editora Contexto |isbn=9788572448543 |page=27 |language=pt |trans-title=Direct from Paris: coq au vin with feijoada}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy mepụtara album ya na Tuca mgbe ọ gara [[Festival Internacional da Canção]] na [[Rio de Janeiro]] ma mata ma nwee mmasị n'egwu Brazil.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroQuestion&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;telerama16&quot; /&gt; Nke a bụ oge mbụ n'ọrụ ya ka ya na onye ọzọ dere abụ rụkọrọ ọrụ tupu ha abanye n'ụlọ ndekọ egwu. O nwekwara ohere isonye n'ịhọrọ nhazi nke ụda violin na ngwa egwu ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt;

Album ahụ, ''[[La question (album)|La question]]'', ewepụtara na 16 Ọktoba 1971,&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 19&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Weiner|first=Judith|date=25 October 1971|title=Interview |language=fr|newspaper=[[France-Soir]]|location=Paris|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma kwalite ya site n'otu egwu &quot;Le martien&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media notes |title=Le martien|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1971|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.908}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Même sous la pluie&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media notes |title=Même sous la pluie|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1971|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.909}}&lt;/ref&gt; na &quot;Rêve&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media notes |title=Rêve|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1972|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.910}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nta akụkọ France toro album ahụ nke ukwuu,&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vie&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Lehoux |first=Valérie |date=27 April 2012 |title=La vie en musique de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.telerama.fr/musique/la-vie-en-musique-de-francoise-hardy,80734.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510192036/https://www.telerama.fr/musique/la-vie-en-musique-de-francoise-hardy,80734.php |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=11 May 2021 |work=[[Télérama]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ naghị enweta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;telerama16&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lesueur1938&quot;&gt;Lesueur, 2015. p. 1938&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ''La question'' dara n'ahịa, Hardy gbanwere ụzọ egwu ya ma kpọọ onye Britain na-ahazi egwu [[Tony Cox (record producer)|Tony Cox]] ka ọ mepụta album ya na-esote.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt; Album ahụ, nke a maara dịka ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', ''L'éclairage'', ma ọ bụ &quot;Album Oroma&quot; n'ihi mkpuchi ya, ewepụtara na Novemba 1972 ma kwalite ya site n'otu egwu &quot;La berlue&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRouge&quot; /&gt; Mgbe arụchara ọrụ ahụ, Hardy na Cox dekọrọ album Bekee ''[[If You Listen]]'', nke nwere nsụgharị ọhụrụ nke ụfọdụ egwu America na Britain a na-amaghị nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt; Mgbe nkwekọrịta Hardy na Sonopresse gwụsịrị, emebeghị ya ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVI&quot; /&gt;

Ihe dị ka afọ 1972, Hardy kpọrọ onye na-ede abụ na onye nrụpụta egwu [[Michel Berger]] ka ya na ya rụkọọ ọrụ mgbe ọrụ ya na [[Véronique Sanson]] masịrị ya nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEight&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVI&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«TOUS CES MOTS QUI FONT PEUR QUAND ILS NE FONT PAS RIRE... [...] Je voudrais vous les dire / Et je voudrais les vivre...»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Berger dere abụ abụọ n'ime iri na abụọ dị na album ahụ, &quot;[[Message personnel]]&quot; na &quot;Première rencontre&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEight&quot; /&gt;

N'agbanyeghị oge nnwere onwe nka ọ nwetara tupu ahụ, Hardy chọpụtara onwe ya ọzọ n'okpuru usoro ọrụ siri ike nke Berger, onye ọ kọwara mgbe e mesịrị dịka &quot;nwoke na-eme ọsọ ọsọ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-eme, ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-echebara echiche, na ọtụtụ mmadụ ọ ga-ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroBerger&quot; /&gt;

Ndekọ album ahụ mere na Julaị 1973, obere oge mgbe Hardy mụsịrị nwa ya nwoke, [[Thomas Dutronc]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEight&quot; /&gt; Album ahụ, ''[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]'', ewepụtara n'afọ ahụ site na [[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media notes |title=[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1973|type=LP record|location=France|publisher=[[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]|id=56 019}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụkwa nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'akụkụ ahịa na nyocha ndị nkatọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt; Egwu isi ya mere ka ọrụ Hardy laghachi n'elu ọzọ na France.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroBerger&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Michel Berger, l'homme pressé&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy dere abụ iri nwere otu isiokwu jikọrọ ha ọnụ maka album ya na-esote,&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyNine&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFaim&quot; /&gt; ebe enyi ya [[Catherine Lara]] tinyere egwu n'okwu ndị ahụ. Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na Jean-Pierre Castelain, Gérard Kawczynski, André Georget, na Michel Sivy.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFaim&quot; /&gt; N'okpuru mmepụta [[Hughes de Courson]], album echiche (concept album) ''Entr'acte'' ewepụtara na Novemba 1974 ma kwalite ya site n'abụ &quot;Ce soir&quot;, &quot;Je te cherche&quot;, na &quot;Il y a eu des nuits&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFaim&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Il y a eu des nuits / Où je mourais de toi / Comme on meurt de faim...»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Album ahụ dara n'ahịa,&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyTen&quot; /&gt; nke mere ka Hardy were ezumike n'ọrụ egwu iji tinyekwuo oge n'ịzụlite nwa ya. Ọ wepụtara naanị otu egwu abụọ n'afọ 1975–1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFaim&quot; /&gt; Nke mbụ bụ egwu [[Jean-Michel Jarre]] dere, &quot;Que vas-tu faire?&quot;, nke e jikọtara na &quot;Le compte a rebours&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media notes |title=Que vas-tu faire?|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1975|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]|id=16664}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana ọ rere nke ọma nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyTen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFaim&quot; /&gt; Nke abụọ bụ &quot;Femme parmi les femmes&quot;, egwu isi nke ihe nkiri [[Claude Lelouch]] ''Si c'était à refaire'', nke nwere okwu [[Pierre Barouh]] dere na egwu [[Francis Lai]] mepụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFaim&quot; /&gt;

Ihe dị ka afọ 1976, Berger kpọtụrụ Hardy ọzọ, chọrọ ka ọ sonye na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ọhụrụ ya, Apache. Hardy zitere ya abụ &quot;Ton enfance&quot;, &quot;Star&quot;, na &quot;L'impasse&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyTen&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Ten&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Berger tụrụ aro ka a wepụta album dabere na abụ ndị ahụ nke ga-enwe otu echiche jikọrọ ha ọnụ, mana Hardy jụrụ aro ahụ ma kama bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na [[Pathé-Marconi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroYared&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Gabriel Yared, le gentil tyran&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

===1977–1995: Ọrụ ya na Gabriel Yared na ezumike n’ọrụ===
[[File:Françoise Hardy05.JPG|thumb|upright|Hardy na Deauville, Normandy, Julaị 1992]]

Maka ''Star'' nke afọ 1977, albọm mbụ ya e wepụtara n'okpuru Pathé-Marconi, Hardy kpọrọ [[Gabriel Yared]] ka ọ bụrụ onye nrụpụta na onye nhazi egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroYared&quot; /&gt; Albọm ahụ, nke a kọwara dịka “albọm ngwakọta”, nwere egwu isii Hardy dere yana abụ ndị [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[William Sheller]], Catherine Lara, [[Luc Plamondon]], Roland Vincent, na [[Michel Jonasz]] dere.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroYared&quot; /&gt; Na mbido, mmekọrịta Hardy na Yared jupụtara na esemokwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroYared&quot; /&gt; Edekọrọ ''Star'' n’ime ọnọdụ e ji nrụgide mara, nke mere ka e kpọọ Hardy aha “eze nwanyị oyi”.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independent05&quot; /&gt; Dị ka Frédéric Quinonero si kwuo, “onye na-abụ abụ ahụ chere na ọ dị mkpa iwepụ nghọtahie ọ bụla, nke anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke mmetụta uche, tupu mmekọrịta ha ghọọ ezigbo ọbụbụenyi.”&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroYared&quot; /&gt; ''Star'' ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa, mee ka Hardy laghachi n’ihu mgbasa ozi ma mee ka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị ntorobịa mara ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt; N’agbanyeghị esemokwu dị n’etiti ha n’ụlọ ndekọ egwu, Hardy na Yared gara n’ihu ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ihe dị ka afọ isii ma dekọọ albọm ise ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroYared&quot; /&gt; N’afọ 1991, Hardy chetara ahụmahụ ya n’ọrụ ya na Yared:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
[Yared] na-achọsi ike n’ihe gbasara ọrụ ya... ma n’ọrụ ma n’enyi. Ọ nwere nnukwu mmetụta n’ahụ m. Albọm ise anyị mere ọnụ adịghị mfe... mana echere m na otu n’ime nnukwu ohere ndụ m bụ ịchọta onwe m ọzọ n’okpuru nduzi nke onye egwu nwere ogo dị otu a.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroYared&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Albọm sochirinụ nke Hardy n’afọ 1978, ''Musique saoûle'', gụnyere ihe ndị [[Gabriel Yared]], Alain Goldstein na Michel Jonasz dere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|type=LP record|location=France|title=Musique saoûle|publisher=[[Pathé-Marconi]]|id=2C 070-14697|year=1978|author=Françoise Hardy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Albọm ahụ gbanwere ntụziaka egwu Hardy gaa n’ụdị egwu a pụrụ ịgba egwu karịa, ma nweta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa, nke ewu ewu nke egwu mbụ ya bụ “J'écoute de la musique saoûle”, karịsịa ụdị ya e mezigharịrị ogologo oge nyere aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot; /&gt; A kwalitere ''Musique saoûle'' site n’ịpụta Hardy na mmemme telivishọn ebe a na-ahụ ya ka ọ na-eme egwu ahụ n’ụzọ a kọwara dịka nke na-adịghị adị ya mfe n’etiti igwe mmadụ na-agba egwú.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot; /&gt;

N’afọ 1980, Yared na onye ọrụ ibe ya Bernard Ilous nyere albọm ọzọ ya, ''Gin Tonic'', ụdị azụmahịa ka ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot; /&gt; Ihe mkpuchi albọm ahụ, nke onye ọrụ ibe magazin ''Façade'' sere, bụ magazin French e kere n’usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Influence'' nke [[Andy Warhol]], gosipụtara Hardy dịka onye oge a nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot; /&gt; A kwalitere ''Gin Tonic'' site na abụ ndị “Jazzy rétro Satanas” na “Juke-box”.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot; /&gt;

Albọm ọzọ Hardy, ''À suivre'', pụtara na Eprel 1981 n'okpuru akara Flarenasch, nke mebiri nkwekọrịta ya na Pathé-Marconi.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMariage&quot; /&gt; Albọm ahụ wetara ndị ọrụ ibe ọhụrụ, ebe Yared kpọrọ ndị dere egwu dịka [[Louis Chedid]], Pierre Groscolas, Jean-Claude Vannier, [[Michel Bernholc]], Daniel Perreau, Jean-Pierre Bourtayre, na [[Étienne Roda-Gil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMariage&quot; /&gt; A kwalitere ''À suivre'' site na abụ ndị “Tamalou” na “Villégiature”.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMariage&quot; /&gt;

Albọm sochirinụ, ''Quelqu'un qui s'en va'', pụtara n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1981 ma nwee ihe mkpuchi albọm nke [[Serge Gainsbourg]] sere foto ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroSortie&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Fausse sortie&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

''Décalages'', nke e wepụtara na 2 Mee 1988,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDecalages&quot; /&gt; ka a kpọsara dịka albọm ikpeazụ Hardy. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa ma nweta asambodo [[Gold disc|ọlaedo]] maka ire puku narị otu (100,000) nkeji.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDecalages&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2017, &quot;Décalages et dérapages&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

N’afọ 1990, Hardy dere abụ &quot;[[Fais-moi une place]]&quot; maka [[Julien Clerc]], a kpọnyekwara ya n’albọm ya nke nwere otu aha ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;linternaute&quot; /&gt; Hardy laghachiri n’ọrụ egwu ya n’afọ ndị 1990 mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na [[Virgin Records]] na Disemba 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;linternaute&quot; /&gt;

N’afọ 1995, Hardy rụkọrọ ọrụ na otu egwu Bekee [[Blur (band)|Blur]] maka ụdị French nke &quot;[[To the End (Blur song)|To the End]]&quot;, nke e dekọrọ na [[Abbey Road Studios]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5sI04YpV3QC&amp;pg=PA197|page=197|title=Abbey Road: The Best Studio in the World|access-date=13 May 2021|first=Alistair|last=Lawrence|year=2012|isbn=978-1608199990|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072142/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5sI04YpV3QC&amp;pg=PA197#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; E tinyere ya dịka [[B-side]] nke egwu otu ahụ bụ &quot;[[Country House (Blur song)|Country House]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|title=Blur's Country House|author=[[Blur (band)|Blur]]|type=CD single|location=United Kingdom|id=7243 8 82338 2 8|publisher=[[Parlophone]]|year=1995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1996–2021: Albọm ikpeazụ na ịla ezumike nka ===
N'afọ 1997, Hardy so ndị otu French abụọ ahụ, [[Air (French band)|Air]], rụọkọ ọrụ na egwu &quot;Jeanne&quot;, nke bụ [[B-side]] dị na maxi-single ha bụ &quot;[[Sexy Boy (Air song)|Sexy Boy]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|title=Sexy Boy|author=[[Air (French band)|Air]]|type=CD single|location=United States|id=CAR 6645-2|publisher=[[Caroline Records]]|year=1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2005, Hardy natara ihe nrite ''Female Artist of the Year'' maka albọm ya ''Tant de belles choses'' na emume [[Victoires de la Musique]]. N'afọ 2006, ọ natara ihe nrite [[Grande médaille de la chanson française]], nke [[Académie Française]] na-enye iji kwanyere ugwu ọrụ ya n’egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.academie-francaise.fr/grande-medaille-de-la-chanson-francaise|title=Grande médaille de la chanson française|language=French|publisher=[[Académie Française]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512153720/https://www.academie-francaise.fr/grande-medaille-de-la-chanson-francaise|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2012, Hardy mere emume ncheta afọ iri ise (50) ya n’ọrụ egwu site n’ịpụta akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya na albọm ọhụrụ, ha abụọ nwere aha ''[[L'Amour fou (album)|L'Amour fou]]''.&lt;ref name=lefou/&gt; Mgbe a chọpụtara na ọ nwere [[laryngeal cancer]], onye na-agụ egwú ahụ kwupụtara na ''L'Amour fou'' ga-abụ albọm ikpeazụ ya, mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ise gachara, ọ laghachiri na mwepụta albọm ''[[Personne d'autre]]'' n'afọ 2018.&lt;ref name=faroutmag&gt;Far Out Staff [http://faroutmagazine.co.uk/francoise-hardy-to-release-new-studio-album-personne-dautre/ Françoise Hardy to release new studio album &quot;Personne d'autre&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103132318/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/francoise-hardy-to-release-new-studio-album-personne-dautre/ |date=3 November 2023 }}, ''Far Out Magazine'', Retrieved on 7 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

N’ọnwa Maachị 2021, Hardy kwupụtara na ọ pụghịzi ịbụ abụ n’ihi mmetụta ọgwụgwọ kansa ya kpatara.&lt;ref name=&quot;parismatch21&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-Mes-chansons-m-aidaient-a-supporter-mes-douleurs-1731052|language=French|access-date=22 May 2021|work=[[Paris Match]]|title=Françoise Hardy : &quot;Mes chansons m'aidaient à supporter mes douleurs&quot;|date=28 March 2021|first=Benjamin|last=Locoge|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213815/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-Mes-chansons-m-aidaient-a-supporter-mes-douleurs-1731052|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri==
[[File:Francoise hardy grand prix (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Hardy na-eme ihe dị ka Lisa n’ihe nkiri 1966 ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'']]
Hardy sonyere n’ọrụ ihe nkiri, ma ọ naghị etinye onwe ya n’ọrụ ime ihe nkiri dịka ọrụ siri ike, ọ chọkwara ime ya otú ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;montanes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/culturas/libros/francoise-hardy-sentia-20170826153636-nt.html|language=Spanish|access-date=12 May 2021|title=&quot;Françoise Hardy sentía amor por la música pero no por exponer su intimidad&quot;|date=27 August 2017|last=González Ruiz|first=Pilar|work=[[El Diario Montañés]]|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123102532/https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/culturas/libros/francoise-hardy-sentia-20170826153636-nt.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nabatara ọrụ ime ihe nkiri e nyere ya n’afọ ndị 1960 n’enweghị nnukwu mmasị, dịka ndụmọdụ [[Jean-Marie Périer]] si dị.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na echiche ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndị nduzi ihe nkiri a ma ama masịrị ya, ọ ka họọrọ egwu karịa sinima.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot; /&gt;

N’afọ 1963, Hardy mere mpụta mbụ ya n’ihe nkiri dịka Ophelia n’ihe nkiri [[Roger Vadim]] ''[[Château en Suède]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Three&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe58&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 58&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ekenye ya ọrụ ahụ, Vadim nwara ikike ime ihe nkiri Hardy site n’ịdu ya ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya [[Cécile de Roggendorf]] dere nye [[Giacomo Casanova]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroActress&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Actrice malgré elle&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N’oge a na-emepụta ''Château en Suède'', Vadim kpọrọ Hardy asị n’ihi “enweghị mmasị ya na-enweghị njedebe”, nke ghọrọ “mbido egwu ya banyere oge a na-eme ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri n’ozuzu ya”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot; /&gt; Dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi ihe nkiri ahụ, Hardy gara [[Cannes Film Festival]], ebe ọ yi uwe mkpuchi ojii nke [[Pierre Cardin]] chepụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroActress&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe o mechara obere mpụta ([[cameo appearance]]) na ''[[What's New Pussycat?]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot; /&gt; Hardy nwetara ọrụ n’ihe nkiri [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]] nke 1966 ''[[A Bullet Through the Heart|Une balle au cœur]]'', nke e sere n’otu agwaetiti dịpụrụ adịpụ na Gris.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt; Ahụmahụ ahụ amasịghị ya, ma o kwuru, “mgbe ụbọchị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ gachara, aghọtara m na onye nduzi ahụ adịghị mma ma ihe nkiri ya bụ ọdịda.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt;

N’ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma ya n’ọrụ egwu na Italy, Hardy pụtara dịka onye na-eme egwu n’ihe nkiri ''[[musicarelli]]'', gụnyere ''I ragazzi dell'Hully Gully'' (1964),&lt;ref name=&quot;ragazzi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=La canzone italiana del Novecento|last=Baldazzi|first=Gianfranco|language=Italian|page=306|publisher=[[Newton Compton Editori]]|year=1989}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone]]'' (1965),&lt;ref name=&quot;questo&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone|year=1966|volume=27|language=Italian|page=55|journal=Bianco e Nero|publisher=[[Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia]]|location=Italy}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Altissima pressione]]'' (1965), na ''Europa canta'' (1965).&lt;ref name=&quot;larkin&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0195313734|editor-first=Colin|editor-last=Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|edition=4th|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpo0007unse_i0g6/page/132 132]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtakwara na mmemme telivishọn pụrụ iche nke 1968 ''[[Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose]]'', nke [[Grace Kelly]] bụ onye na-elekọta ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;larkin&quot; /&gt;

Onye nduzi America [[John Frankenheimer]] hụrụ Hardy ka ọ na-apụ n’otu ụlọ oriri abalị dị na London ma chee na ọ ga-adabara nke ọma n’ihe nkiri [[Formula One]] ya ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'' (1966).&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyFour&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Four&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N’agbanyeghị na ọ ka enweghị mmasị n’ọrụ ime ihe nkiri dịka ọrụ ndụ, Hardy nabatara ọrụ ahụ n’ihi na a na-akwụ ya ezigbo ụgwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuioneroCineaste&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Pour la «beauté renversante» d'un cinéaste&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtakwara obere oge na ihe nkiri [[Jean-Luc Godard]] nke 1966 ''[[Masculin féminin]]'', ebe ọ yi uwe zuru ezu nke [[André Courrèges]] chepụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;godard&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://exhibitions.fitnyc.edu/paris-refashioned/masculin-feminin-and-french-youth-fashion/|access-date=12 May 2021|title=Masculin féminin and French Youth Fashion|date=3 March 2017|publisher=The Museum at FIT. [[Fashion Institute of Technology]]|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512182356/https://exhibitions.fitnyc.edu/paris-refashioned/masculin-feminin-and-french-youth-fashion/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N’afọ 1969, ọ bụ kpakpando n’ihe nkiri telivishọn ''L'homme qui venait du Cher'' tinyere [[Eddy Mitchell]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cher&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0EWr7ye9XEC&amp;pg=PT126|language=French|access-date=12 May 2021|title=Il faut rentrer maintenant|author-link=Eddy Mitchell|last1=Mitchell|first1=Eddy|last2=Varrod|first2=Didier|year=2012|publisher=[[La Martinière Groupe|Editions de la Martinière]]|isbn=978-2732451473|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072147/https://books.google.com/books?id=k0EWr7ye9XEC&amp;pg=PT126#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ ndị 1970, ọ mere obere mpụta n’ihe nkiri [[Jean-Claude Lord]] ''[[The Doves (film)|The Doves]] (Les Colombes)'' (1972)&lt;ref name=&quot;colombes&quot; /&gt; na nke [[Claude Lelouch]] ''[[If I Had to Do It All Over Again]] (Si c'était à refaire)'' (1976).&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFilmography&quot; /&gt;

==Ọrụ ya n’ihe gbasara ịgụ kpakpando (Astrology)==

:Ekwenyere m na sayensị mmadụ a na-enye naanị ozi banyere otu n’ime ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ndụ anyị, ya bụ nke jikọtara na usoro na mgbagharị nke usoro mbara igwe anyị. Ọ na-enyere anyị naanị ịghọta ebe anyị nọ ma mata nke ọma usoro dị iche iche nke mmepe anyị, nke dabere n’ọtụtụ ihe karịrị naanị okirikiri na nhazi nke mbara ala, ma ọ bụghịkwa mgbe niile ka a pụrụ ịkọwa ya dịka ihe omume ma ọ bụ nsonaazụ pụrụ iche.
— Hardy banyere enweghị ntụkwasị obi ya n’ebe ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ kpakpando nọ na n’ebe “ịgụ kpakpando amụma” nọ, 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySix&quot; /&gt;

Hardy mekwara ọrụ dịka onye na-agụ kpakpando ([[astrologer]]), ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na edemede gbasara isiokwu ahụ. Ọ sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche a na-akpọ “conditionalist”, nke [[Jean-Pierre Nicola]] kọwara n’akwụkwọ ya nke 1964, ''La condition solaire'', nke kwuru na ịgụ kpakpando abụghị usoro [[divination|ịkọ amụma]], kama na a ga-eji ya tụlee ihe ndị ọzọ dịka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, agụmakwụkwọ, na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na omenala.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyAtrologia&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtAwDwAAQBAJ|access-date=6 May 2021|last=Hardy|first=Françoise|author-link=Françoise Hardy|trans-title=La astrología universal|title=L'astrologie universelle|orig-year=1987|type=eBook|year=2007|isbn=978-8431535810|language=Spanish|location=Barcelona|publisher=De Vecchi Ediciones|chapter=Introducción|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010044/https://books.google.com/books?id=RtAwDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lcMEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA103|pages=103–104|language=French|access-date=10 May 2021|title=L'astrologie: le grand voyage en soi et dans l'avenir|first=Yves|last=Lenoble|year=2020|publisher=BoD|isbn=978-2382580141|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010049/https://books.google.com/books?id=0lcMEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA103|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy malitere inwe mmasị n’ịgụ kpakpando mgbe ọ gara hụ onye na-agụ kpakpando André Barbault n’etiti afọ 1960 ndị ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySix&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Six&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara ọmụmụ ọha na eze, mụtara otu esi arụpụta [[birth chart|chaatị ọmụmụ]], ma gụọ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ pụrụ iche tupu ya ezute Catherine Aubier, onye tụrụ aro ka Hardy mụta n’aka onye nkụzi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySix&quot; /&gt; Madame Godefroy kụziri Hardy ịgụ kpakpando ọdịnala ruo afọ abụọ na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySix&quot; /&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye raara onwe ya nye nke ukwuu n’ọrụ a mgbe ọ zutere Nicola n’afọ 1974, onye kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke magazin ọhụrụ ọ na-arụpụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySix&quot; /&gt; Onye ọbụ abụ ahụ kọwara Nicola dịka “onye na-agụ kpakpando kacha mma n’ụwa”&lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed|access-date=6 May 2021|date=23 April 2018|first=Hayley|last=Scott|work=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]|title=Another Person: Françoise Hardy Interviewed|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506054623/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506054623/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma dee, sị: “Ọ bụ ya mere ka m ghọta ịgụ kpakpando n’ụzọ nwere ọgụgụ isi ma kụziere m otu esi eji ya nke ọma n’akụkụ ya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySix&quot; /&gt; Ewezuga ịgụ kpakpando, [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] kụzikwaara Hardy otu esi agụ [[Tarot of Marseilles]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyTwelve&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Twelve&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka ihe na-akwado ọmụmụ ya banyere ịgụ kpakpando, ọ gara ọmụmụ nke [[graphologist]] Germaine Tripier, onye bụ onye isi nke French Society of Graphology.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyTwelve&quot; /&gt;

N’etiti oge ndekọ egwu maka album ya ''Gin Tonic'' na 1979, Hardy rụkọrọ ọrụ n’usoro akwụkwọ gbasara akara zodiac nke Tchou Editions bipụtara, ma sonye n’ide akwụkwọ banyere [[Virgo (astrology)|Virgo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEleven&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Eleven&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ya na onye ọzọ na-agụ kpakpando, Béatrice Guénin.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEleven&quot; /&gt; Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na magazin ''Quinze Ans''.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot; /&gt; N’ọgwụgwụ afọ 1980, Pierre Lescure nke ụlọ mgbasa ozi redio [[RMC (France)|RMC]] kpọrọ Hardy ka ọ na-enye horoscope kwa ụbọchị na mmemme kwa izu.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEleven&quot; /&gt; N’afọ 1982, Hardy malitere usoro mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ kwa izu a kpọrọ ''Entre les lignes, entre les signes'', nke ọ na-ajụ ndị ama ama n’ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ n’egwu ajụjụ dabere na chaatị ọmụmụ ha, ebe graphologist Anne-Marie Simmond, onye Hardy mụtara n’aka ya, na-emepụta nkọwa gbasara àgwà ha site n’aka ha dere.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyTwelve&quot; /&gt; E bipụtara nchịkọta ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ahụ na profaịlụ ndị ahụ site na RMC na 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Entre les lignes, entre les signes|url=https://archive.org/details/entreleslignesen0000hard|author-link=Françoise Hardy|last1=Hardy|first1=Françoise|last2=Simmond|first2=Annne-Marie|language=French|publisher=[[RMC (France)|RMC Edition]]|year=1986|location=France|isbn=978-2868550064}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independent05&quot; /&gt;

N’afọ 1990, Hardy gara n’ihu n’ọrụ ya banyere ịgụ kpakpando site n’ide akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Switzerland ''[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]'' ma bụrụkwa onye na-ahụ maka akụkụ kwa izu n’usoro ihe omume [[Thierry Ardisson]] a kpọrọ ''Télé Zèbre'' na [[Antenne 2]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroPour&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Là pour personne ?&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 7 Mee 2003, Hardy bipụtara ''Les rythmes du zodiaque'', akwụkwọ o were ihe karịrị afọ abụọ dee, nke o kwuru na ebumnuche ya bụ “akwụkwọ ga-enye m ohere itinye obere onyinye m n’ịgụ kpakpando nke oge a.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEighteen&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Eighteen&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ide akwụkwọ ==

N’afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Hardy ghọrọ onye odee akwụkwọ [[akụkọ ifo]] na akwụkwọ [[na-abụghị akụkọ ifo]]. O dekwara akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles (Nkụda Mmụọ Ndị Enwe... na Ihe Ndị Ọzọ Na-adịghị Mkpa)'', nke e bipụtara na 9 Ọktoba 2008. A rere akwụkwọ ahụ ihe ruru mkpụrụ 250,000 ma bụrụ [[bestseller]] na France.&lt;ref name=&quot;ledevoir12&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Cormier |first=Sylvain |date=17 November 2012 |title=Françoise Hardy, d'amour dévorée, d'amour nourrie |trans-title=Françoise Hardy, ịhụnanya riri ya, ịhụnanya zụlitere ya |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/musique/364069/francoise-hardy-d-amour-devoree-d-amour-nourrie |access-date=12 May 2021 |work=[[Le Devoir]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara tụgharịa akwụkwọ ahụ n’asụsụ Spanish ma ụlọ mbipụta akwụkwọ nnwere onwe Expediciones Polares nke dị na [[San Sebastián]] bipụta ya n’afọ 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;simios&quot;&gt;{{cite web|language=Spanish|url=https://www.efeeme.com/la-desesperacion-de-los-simios-y-otras-bagatelas-de-francoise-hardy/|date=14 March 2017|access-date=21 May 2021|first=Javier|last=De Castro|title=&quot;La desesperación de los simios... y otras bagatelas&quot;, de Françoise Hardy|publisher=Efe Eme|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613114902/https://www.efeeme.com/la-desesperacion-de-los-simios-y-otras-bagatelas-de-francoise-hardy/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbipụta Bekee nke Jon E. Graham tụgharịrị ka [[Feral House]] bipụtara na 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;monkeyreview&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/28/despair-of-monkeys-other-trifles-francoise-hardy-review|date=28 July 2018|access-date=12 May 2021|first=Anthony|last=Quinn|title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles review – Françoise Hardy's memoir|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012534/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/28/despair-of-monkeys-other-trifles-francoise-hardy-review|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Françoise Hardy 2012 c.jpg|thumb|left|Hardy na-ewebata akwụkwọ [[novel]] mbụ ya ''L'amour fou'' na Paris, Novemba 2012]]

N’afọ 2012, Hardy bipụtara [[novel]] mbụ ya, ''L'amour fou'', n’ụlọ mbipụta [[Éditions Albin Michel]]. E wepụtara ya n’otu oge ahụ na album egwu nwere otu aha ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;lapresse&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/entrevues/201211/21/01-4596063-francoise-hardy-comment-tecrire-adieu.php|title=Françoise Hardy : comment t'écrire adieu...|access-date=21 May 2021|work=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]|language=French|first=Marie-Christine|last=Blais|date=21 November 2012|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521044417/https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/entrevues/201211/21/01-4596063-francoise-hardy-comment-tecrire-adieu.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ide akụkọ ahụ, nke gbasara mmekọrịta ịhụnanya jupụtara n’ịrapara n’ahụ mmadụ nke ukwuu, ihe dị ka afọ iri atọ tupu ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;lapresse&quot; /&gt; mana o debere akwụkwọ edemede ahụ n’akụkụ ma enweghị atụmatụ ibipụta ya. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya gbara ya ume ka o mee ya, ma ọ kwetara mgbe enyi ya Jean-Marie Périer kwadoro ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;avisfigaro&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2012/11/09/03006-20121109ARTFIG00244-francoise-hardy-je-suis-une-angoissee.php|title=Françoise Hardy : &quot; Je suis une angoissée &quot;|access-date=21 May 2021|work=[[Le Figaro]]|first1=Pierre|last1=De Boishue|last2=Nuc|first2=Olivier|date=9 November 2012|language=French|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521051421/https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2012/11/09/03006-20121109ARTFIG00244-francoise-hardy-je-suis-une-angoissee.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy chere na ọ dabara adaba ibipụta akwụkwọ ahụ iji mee emume afọ iri ise nke ọrụ egwu ya, ebe ọ kọwara ya dịka “akụkọ nke ghọrọ isi mmalite ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ abụ m niile kemgbe mmalite.”&lt;ref name=&quot;avisfigaro&quot; /&gt; N’afọ 2013, ụlọ mbipụta Edizioni Clichy nke dị na [[Florence]] bipụtara ụdị Italian nke akwụkwọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|isbn=978-8867990214|year=2013|orig-year=2012|trans-title=L'amour fou|language=Italian|location=Florence|publisher=Edizioni Clichy|title=L'amore folle|author-link=Françoise Hardy|first=Françoise|last=Hardy|translator-last1=Conti|translator-first1=Antonella}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe album ''La pluie sans parapluie'' na ''L'Amour fou'' rere ahịa nke ọma adịghị, Hardy kpebiri ịhapụ egwu ntakịrị ma tinye uche ya n’ide akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;avisnon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Musique/Message-personnel-de-Francoise-Hardy-720438|access-date=21 May 2021|language=French|work=[[Paris Match]]|date=3 August 2015|title=Message personnel de Françoise Hardy|first=Marie-France|last=Chatrier|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043114/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Musique/Message-personnel-de-Francoise-Hardy-720438|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a butere [[essay]] ''Avis non autorisés'' ''(Echiche E Nyeghị Ikike)'', nke e bipụtara na 2015 site n’ụlọ mbipụta [[Éditions des Équateurs]], ebe ọ kọwara nsogbu ndị mmadụ na-eche ihu mgbe ha na-eru [[ịka nká]].&lt;ref name=&quot;avisnon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;avispoint&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Mirande |first=Jean-Noël |date=3 April 2015 |title=Les vérités nues de Françoise Hardy |trans-title=Eziokwu doro anya nke Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-verites-nues-de-francoise-hardy-04-03-2015-1909777_3.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043115/https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-verites-nues-de-francoise-hardy-04-03-2015-1909777_3.php |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=[[Le Point]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’akwụkwọ a, o kesakwara echiche ya banyere ihe ndị na-eme ugbu a n’ụwa, nke ọtụtụ ndị kpọrọ echiche “na-adịghị agbaso [[Political correctness|izi ezi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]].”&lt;ref name=&quot;avisnon&quot; /&gt; ''Avis non autorisés'' ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;figaroavis&quot; /&gt;

Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o bipụtara ''Un cadeau du ciel (Onyinye Si N’Eluigwe)'', ebe ọ tụlere ahụmahụ ya n’ụlọ ọgwụ na Maachị 2015 n’ihi ọrịa kansa, oge ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;figaroavis&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2016/10/17/03005-20161017ARTFIG00258-francoise-hardy-se-livre-sur-sa-maladie.php|language=French|access-date=12 May 2021|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=17 October 2016|title=Françoise Hardy se livre sur sa maladie|first=Mohammed|last=Aïssaoui|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072217/https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2016/10/17/03005-20161017ARTFIG00258-francoise-hardy-se-livre-sur-sa-maladie.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ná mbido afọ ndị 2020, mgbe ọ naghịzi enwe ike ịga n’ihu na-abụ abụ ma kwuo na ọ “nweghị ihe ọzọ ọ ga-eme”, Hardy tinyere oge ya n’ịchịkọta [[song book]], ''Chansons sur toi et nous'', nchịkọta nke okwu abụ ya niile tinyere nkọwa ya. E bipụtara ''Chansons sur toi et nous'' n’afọ 2021 site n’ụlọ mbipụta Éditions des Équateurs.&lt;ref name=&quot;ledevoir21&quot; /&gt;

==Ọrụ nka==
===Ụdị egwu===
:Ihe kpaliri m ide egwu m bụ, n'otu akụkụ, nchegbu m. N'ọtụtụ egwu, ekwuwo m egwu m nke ịghara ịrụ ọrụ ahụ na nke ịhapụ m gakwuru onye ọzọ ''a priori'' otu puku ugboro na-adọrọ mmasị ma na-adọrọ adọrọ karịa m. Egwu nke na-abụghị nke na-enweghị isi...
— Hardy, ''[[L'Express]]'', 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;anxiety&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/psycho/l-anxiete-pour-francoise-hardy-j-y-puise-en-partie-mon-inspiration_1251314.html|title=L'anxiété pour Françoise Hardy: &quot;J'y puise en partie mon inspiration&quot;|language=French|work=[[L'Express]]|first1=Delphine|last1=Peras|first2=Marion|last2=Guérin|first3=Christophe|last3=Carrière|date=23 May 2013|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072144/https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/bien-etre/psycho/l-anxiete-pour-francoise-hardy-j-y-puise-en-partie-mon-inspiration_1251314.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na egwu Hardy kpuchiri ọtụtụ [[ụdị egwu|ụdị egwu]], o jisiri ike nwee ụda pụrụ iche site na mmalite ọrụ ya&lt;ref name=&quot;glide&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://glidemagazine.com/152060/french-songstress-francoise-hardy-gets-reissue-treatment-album-review/|title=French Songstress Françoise Hardy Gets Reissue Treatment (ALBUM REVIEW)|last=Ferguson|first=Maeri|work=Glide Magazine |date=13 November 2015|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515073447/https://glidemagazine.com/152060/french-songstress-francoise-hardy-gets-reissue-treatment-album-review/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was defined by breathy [[alto]] vocals&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;&gt;{{cite web|access-date=6 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy|last=Jurek|first=Thom|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-mn0000186594/biography|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122007/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-mn0000186594/biography|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ihe na-amasịkarị abụ ndị na-eme ka obi daa mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;popmatters&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/francoise-hardy-essay-2569397045.html|access-date=10 May 2021|publisher=[[PopMatters]]|title=Capricorn vs. Cancer: The Story of French Singer-songwriter Françoise Hardy|date=17 May 2018|last=Marie|first=Brett|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510175417/https://www.popmatters.com/francoise-hardy-essay-2569397045.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTete&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;« es chansons plein la tête»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Basile Farkas nke ''[[Rock &amp; Folk]]'' kọwara ya dị ka &quot;eze nwanyị nke mwute&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;rocknfolk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rocknfolk.com/interview/francoise-hardy-les-guitares-electriques-planantes-cest-ce-dont-jai-reve-toute-ma-vie/4087|language=French|access-date=15 May 2021|last=Farkas|first=Basile|date=20 May 2018|work=[[Rock &amp; Folk]]|title=Les guitares électriques planantes, c'est ce dont j'ai rêvé toute ma vie|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516062953/https://www.rocknfolk.com/interview/francoise-hardy-les-guitares-electriques-planantes-cest-ce-dont-jai-reve-toute-ma-vie/4087|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy n'onwe ya kwuru na 2012: &quot;N'egwu, ihe kacha amasị m bụ egwu dị nwayọ na nke mwute... Ọ bụghị n'ụzọ na-ada ada, kama n'ụzọ na-ebuli elu... M ka na-achọ ịhụ egwu na-agbawa obi nke ga-eme ka anya mmiri gbaa m. Egwu nke àgwà ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị nsọ.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTete&quot; /&gt; Cosette Schulz nke ''[[Exclaim!]]'' kọwara ya dị ka &quot;ọkachamara n'ịmepụta egwu dị mfe mana mara mma&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;exclaim&quot; /&gt; Ndị edemede ejirila egwu Hardy tụnyere nke onye na-abụ abụ Bekee [[Marianne Faithfull]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm5OCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT15|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Brit Girls of the Sixties Volume Two: Marianne Faithfull &amp; Kathy Kirby|first=David|last=Bret|author-link=David Bret|year=2014|isbn=978-1291801408|publisher=[[Lulu.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịtụnyere ndị ọbụ abụ abụọ ahụ, Keith Altham nke ''[[The Guardian]]'' dere na 2014: &quot;Ha abụọ na-abụ abụ mwute n'ụdị dị mfe nke ndị mmadụ. Ha abụọ nwere otu mmasị ahụ dịka ihere, iwe, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ijuanya gbasara ha. Ha abụọ nwere àgwà dị egwu, nke 'naanị onwe ha' gbasara olu ha nke chọrọ ọmịiko na nlebara anya.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/20/marianne-faithfull-more-of-beatles-than-a-stones-fan-classic-interview|title=Marianne Faithfull: 'I'm more of a Beatles than a Stones fan' – a classic interview|last=Altham|first=Keith|access-date=17 May 2021|date=20 August 2014|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010647/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/20/marianne-faithfull-more-of-beatles-than-a-stones-fan-classic-interview|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wezụga egwu ndị mbụ o dere, ọtụtụ n'ime egwu ya nke afọ 1960 gụnyere ụdị ndị omenkà si mba ọzọ nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere ndị America [[òtù ụmụ agbọghọ]], ndị mbụ [[rockabilly]], ndị tupu Beatles [[egwu rock nke Britain|egwu rock na roll nke Britain]], [[egwu obodo]], [[egwu ọdịnala nke oge a|egwu ọdịnala]], [[folk-rock]] na, ruo n'ókè dị nta, [[doo-wop]] na [[Mkpụrụ obi egwu|mkpụrụ obi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;originales&quot; /&gt;  Isi okwu ndị na-apụtakarị n'egwú ya bụ mwute, ihe mgbu nke onwe, [[Obi gbawara agbawa | ihe mgbu obi]], [[ịhụnanya otu akụkụ]], enweghị ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ, [[naanị onwe]], na njide onwe onye.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRouge&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;popmatters&quot; /&gt; A tụkwanyere okwu ya [[deadpan]], nke e ji &quot;ikuku dị jụụ na nke na-adịghị ekpo ọkụ&quot; mara, tụnyere nke onye na-abụ abụ German [[Nico (onye na-abụ abụ)|Nico]].&lt;ref name=&quot;blurt&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Kopp |first=Bill |date=14 October 2014 |title=BEYOND THE VALLEY OF THE FRANCOPHILES: Françoise Hardy |url=https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505152753/https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |work=[[Blurt (magazine)|Blurt]] |accessdate=4 June 2026 |archivedate=5 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505152753/https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[File:Francoise Hardy ad.jpg|thumb|Hardy na 1965|172x172px]]

A maara Hardy maka ịkpachara anya n'egwu ya, dịka mkpebi ya ịhapụ ụlọ ihe nkiri French dị ala maka ụlọ ihe nkiri dị elu na London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot; /&gt; Ka ọ na-etolite, Hardy malitere ide abụ nke na-eme ka obi dajụọ ya, mana ọ họrọkwara n'ime ọrụ ndị ọkachamara na-edu ndú.&lt;ref name=&quot;sixties&quot; /&gt; Onye mmepụta [[Erick Benzi]] chetara: &quot;Site na mgbe ọ dị afọ 18, ọ maara na ọ dị iche. O nwere ike ịga n'ihu ndị omenkà ukwu dịka [[Charles Aznavour]] wee sị, 'Abụ gị dị egwu, achọghị m ịbụ ya.' Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ dara ghi n'okwu ya.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt; [[Tony Cox (record producer)|Tony Cox]] chetara ahụmịhe ya na Hardy na-arụkọ ọrụ: &quot;Françoise dị mma n'ihi na ọ na-enwe mmasị n'ihe dị iche iche karịa ka ọ na-adịkarị. E nwere ntakịrị nke Left Bank{{refn|group=note|name=Left Bank}} gbasara ya - ọ bụghị onye na-abụ abụ pop nkịtị gị, nke ahụ bụ eziokwu.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ledevoir21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Cormier |first=Sylvain |date=15 May 2021 |title=&quot;Chansons sur toi et nous&quot;: les mots de la parolière |trans-title=&quot;Songs about you and us&quot;: the lyricist's words |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/lire/601112/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous-les-mots-de-la-paroliere |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=[[Le Devoir]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-akwado [[yé-yé]] nke ukwuu, ọ dị iche na ndị ọgbọ ya n'ide ọtụtụ ihe o dere.&lt;ref name=&quot;originales&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot; /&gt; A makwaara ya maka ime ka nkà ya dị ka onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-akụ egwu dị ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;internautes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Ollivier |first=Stéphane |date=7 July 2000 |title=L'interview des internautes : Françoise Hardy |trans-title=The internet users' interview: Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/linterview-des-internautes-francoise-hardy-98657-07-07-2000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143831/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/linterview-des-internautes-francoise-hardy-98657-07-07-2000/ |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ndị o dere emeghị ka ọ dị ka ọ na-emebu, dịka o gwara''Rock &amp; Folk'' na 2018: &quot;Aghọtara m na ọ bụrụgodị na m mụta ihe, agaghị m enwe ike ime nke ọma dịka ezigbo ndị na-abụ abụ. Ọ bụ ya mere m ji chee na ọ kacha mma ịkpọbata ndị egwu ọrụ ha metụrụ m n'ahụ.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;rocknfolk&quot; /&gt;

=== Mmetụta ===
N’oge mbụ, mmasị egwu ya bụ ndị na-abụ French ''[[chanson]]'', gụnyere Cora Vaucaire, [[Georges Guétary]], [[Charles Trenet]], na [[Jacques Brel]], ebe ọ bụ na n’afọ 1950s nke a bụ naanị egwu a na-akpọ na redio.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;melodides&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Norot |first=Anne-Claire |date=7 July 2000 |title=Françoise Hardy : ses mélodies du bonheur |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/francoise-hardy-ses-melodies-du-bonheur-98659-07-07-2000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508234645/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/francoise-hardy-ses-melodies-du-bonheur-98659-07-07-2000/ |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot; /&gt; O kwuru na Trenet metụrụ ya n’obi karịa ndị ọzọ n’ihi na egwu ya “na-ewute ma dịkwa nro”.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Médioni |first=Gilles |date=21 November 2011 |title=Le musée imaginaire de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/le-musee-imaginaire-de-francoise-hardy_1189809.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508232040/https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/le-musee-imaginaire-de-francoise-hardy_1189809.html |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[L'Express]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy bụkwa nnukwu onye na-akwado onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede egwu [[Barbara (singer)|Barbara]], bụ onye kpaliri ya ide abụ nke ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt; N’oge mmalite 1960s, e webatara ya na rock and roll nke asụsụ Bekee na [[Brill Building pop]] site na [[Radio Luxembourg]] ma were mmụọ nsọ site n’aka ndị omenkà dịka [[Brenda Lee]],&lt;ref name=&quot;vie&quot; /&gt; [[the Everly Brothers]], [[the Shadows]], [[Cliff Richard]], [[Neil Sedaka]], [[Connie Francis]], ma karịsịa [[Elvis Presley]] na [[Paul Anka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe57&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 57&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;melodides&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;life&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Moreland |first=Quinn |date=15 October 2020 |title=French Icon Françoise Hardy on the Music of Her Life |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/french-icon-francoise-hardy-on-the-music-of-her-life/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427230731/https://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/french-icon-francoise-hardy-on-the-music-of-her-life/ |archive-date=27 April 2021 |access-date=27 April 2021 |publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy kwuru na ọ “juru ya anya kpamkpam” site n’aka ndị omenkà ndị a na-eto eto si mba ọzọ, wee malite ịgba egwu ma kpọọ guitar iji gbalịa iṅomi ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot; /&gt; O chetara na 2008: “Ozugbo ahụ m jikọtara onwe m na ha, n’ihi na ha na-egosipụta ịnọ naanị n’oge ntorobịa na ihere, n’elu melodi ndị na-akpali karịa okwu ha”.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardy Two&quot; /&gt;

Egwu Hardy n’akụkụ nke abụọ nke afọ iri ahụ tinyere mmetụta sitere na British Invasion pop phenomenon na “mweghachi siri ike nke ụkpụrụ ọdịnala French ''chanson'', ọ bụghị yé-yé ma ọ bụ ‘Left Bank’,{{refn|group=note|name=Left Bank|The &quot;Left Bank&quot; scene—named after the [[Rive Gauche|left bank of the Seine]]—was a subgenre of French ''chanson'' that emerged in the 1940s, characterized by its stripped-down sound and &quot;emphasis on poetic craftsmanship&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|access-date=31 May 2021|pages=93–94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KLrkA9LoIoC&amp;pg=PA93|title=Music and the Elusive Revolution: Cultural Politics and Political Culture in France, 1968–1981|first=Eric|last=Drott|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0520268975|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010652/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KLrkA9LoIoC&amp;pg=PA93#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} kama nke ahụ, kama nke ịhụnanya”.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFleur&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«La plus belle des fleurs de ton jardin»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Album ya nke 1964 ''Mon amie la rose'' tinyere mmetụta sitere na usoro [[Wall of Sound]] nke [[Phil Spector]],&lt;ref name=&quot;dois&quot; /&gt; yana onye na-ede egwu Italiant [[Ennio Morricone]].&lt;ref name=&quot;p4kreviews&quot; /&gt; Onye guitar na onye nhazi si Brazil Tuca mere ka Hardy mata [[bossa nova]], nke mechara rute na album 1971 [[La question (album)|''La Question'']].&lt;ref name=&quot;telerama16&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;franceinter&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Varrod |first1=Didier |date=16 July 2016 |title=Comment te dire Hardy |url=https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/comment-te-dire-hardy/comment-te-dire-hardy-16-juillet-2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028022834/https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/comment-te-dire-hardy/comment-te-dire-hardy-16-juillet-2016 |archive-date=28 October 2016 |access-date=27 October 2016 |publisher=[[France Inter]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy bụ onye na-enwe mmasị n’aka onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede egwu folk nke Bekee [[Nick Drake]].&lt;ref name=&quot;nickdrake&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Humphries |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu8xvkUc91cC&amp;pg=PT190 |title=Nick Drake: The Biography |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1408841440 |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010655/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu8xvkUc91cC&amp;pg=PT190#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; O chetara: “Maka m, ọ bụghị nke omenala Britain pụrụ iche... Ọ bụ mkpụrụ obi na-apụta n’egwu ya kpatara m mmetụta miri emi—ihe ịhụnanya, uri... kamakwa melodi ndị a nụchara anụcha. Tinyere ụda olu ya pụrụ iche, nke na-eme ka obi mgbu nke ihe ahụ dum dịkwuo omimi.”&lt;ref name=&quot;nickdrake&quot; /&gt; A na-ahụkarị na àgwà ha, olu ha, na mmasị ha n’ụda chords na harmony yiri ibe ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt;

N’afọ 1972, album mbụ [[Véronique Sanson]] mere mmetụta n’ahụ Hardy, nke mere ka ọ malite iche na egwu nke ya aghọwo nke oge gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;life&quot; /&gt; O kọwara echiche ya banyere Sanson n’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya: “Ọ dị ka mmetụta Bekee na Amerịka nke yé-yé ji obi ụtọ na-eṅomi... e tinyere ya nke ọma ma mepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke tozuru oke n’egwu, ma bụrụkwa nke onwe.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEight&quot; /&gt; Mpụta ọrụ Hardy na 1996 ''Le danger'' tinyere mmetụta sitere na otu Bekee [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]]&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot; /&gt; yana ụdị egwu [[grunge]], [[Britpop]], na [[roots rock]].&lt;ref name=&quot;LeDanger&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;telerama16&quot; /&gt;

===Mmepe===
====1962–1967==== 
Album mbụ Hardy zuru ogologo oge, ''Tous les garçons et les filles'', nke nwere mmetụ rockabilly, bụ nke kacha nso o ruru n’ụdị yé-yé. A maara album ahụ maka ndokwa dị mfe na nke minimalizim, nke gụnyere gita acoustic na electric, bass, na percussion nke nwere mmetụta jazz.&lt;ref name=&quot;p4kreviews&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;yehyeh&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-yeh-yeh-girl-from-paris-mw0000385568|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|title=The Yeh-Yeh Girl from Paris – Françoise Hardy|first=Stewart|last=Mason|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513165924/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-yeh-yeh-girl-from-paris-mw0000385568|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dois&quot;/&gt; Album ya na-esote, ''Le premier bonheur du jour,'' tinyere ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya karị na uri egwu,&lt;ref name=&quot;exclaim&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/francoise_hardy-tous_les_garcons_et_les_filles_le_premier_bonheur_du_jour_mon_amie_la_rose_lamitie_la_maison_ou_jai_grandi|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy – Tous les garçons et les filles / Le premier bonheur du jour / Mon amie la rose / L'Amitié / La maison où j'ai grandi|date=14 October 2015|work=[[Exclaim!]]|first=Cosette|last=Schulz|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515074500/https://exclaim.ca/music/article/francoise_hardy-tous_les_garcons_et_les_filles_le_premier_bonheur_du_jour_mon_amie_la_rose_lamitie_la_maison_ou_jai_grandi|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; jiri [[electric organ]] na nhazi eriri “na-ebe akwa”,&lt;ref name=&quot;dois&quot;/&gt; ma tinye egwu sitere n’ụdị jazz na otu ụmụ agbọghọ America dịka [[the Crystals]] na [[the Ronettes]].&lt;ref name=&quot;p4kreviews&quot;/&gt;

N’etiti afọ 1960, egwu ya ghọrọ nke juputara ma baa ụba karị&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot;/&gt; mgbe ọ kwagara London ka ya na onye nhazi egwu [[Charles Blackwell (music arranger)|Charles Blackwell]] rụọ ọrụ, onye nyere ya ohere “iru ọkwa ọhụrụ nke sophistication.”&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot;/&gt; Album ''Mon amie la rose,'' nke e wepụtara na 1964, gosiri mmụba n’ịdị mgbagwoju anya n’egwu ya, jiri olu siri ike karị na nyocha ọhụrụ n’usoro abụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;exclaim&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;blurt&quot;/&gt; Ihe Hardy mere na 1965–66 gosiri uto na mmepe ụdị ya, na mmepụta ndị “si na ụda yeh-yé dị ntakịrị ma dị thin gaa n’ụdị rock nhazi zuru oke karị.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-vogue-years-mw0000461878|title=The Vogue Years – Françoise Hardy|first=John|last=Bush|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514175437/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-vogue-years-mw0000461878|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụda zuru oke nke album ya na-esote, ''L'amitié,'' bụ nke sara mbara nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;bestfit&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues|work=[[The Line of Best Fit]]|access-date=16 May 2021|date=23 February 2016|title=The fleeting voice of a generation: Françoise Hardy's first five albums reassessed|last=Hayley|first=Scott|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516063437/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=16 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516063437/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] Hazel Cills si kwuo: “Ọ bụ naanị ruo album nke ise ya, ''La maison où j'ai grandi,'' ka Hardy malitere inwe ụda tozuru etozu, nke [[Baroque pop|baroque]], nke dabara na omimi nke mwute ya na mgbagwoju ya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;p4kreviews&quot;/&gt; Warfield chere na nke a bụ album ebe ọ “tọrọ ntọala nke ọma n’ụda ya, na-egosi anyị onye na-eme egwu anyị ka nwere ike ịmata ya ọbụna mgbe ọ dị afọ 70.”&lt;ref name=&quot;dois&quot;/&gt; Na ''Ma jeunesse fout le camp,'' album ikpeazụ ya nke afọ 1960 e dekọrọ na London, ọ “kwagara n’ụdị ballad [[Orchestral pop|orchestrated pop]] nke tozuru etozu ma dị jụụ karị”&lt;ref name=&quot;mjflc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp-mw0000455346|title=Ma Jeunesse Fout Le Camp – Françoise Hardy|access-date=14 May 2021|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Richie Unterberger|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507180645/https://www.allmusic.com/album/ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp-mw0000455346|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a kọwara dị ka “nkwedebe ya na oge yé-yé.”&lt;ref name=&quot;trodaec&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Trodaec |first=Michel |date=8 April 2020 |title=Les trésors de nos discothèques. Françoise Hardy a chanté tant de belles choses |trans-title=The treasures of our record collections. Françoise Hardy sang so many beautiful things. |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213817/https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=[[Ouest-France]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1968–1974 ==== 
Na nloghachi Hardy na ụlọ ndekọ French, 1968 ''Comment te dire adieu'' nwere ụdị [[Middle of the road (music)|MOR]] karịa ọrụ ya gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;ctda&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/comment-te-dire-adieu-mw0000745282|title=Comment Te Dire Adieu – Françoise Hardy|access-date=14 May 2021|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Richie Unterberger|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513000744/https://www.allmusic.com/album/comment-te-dire-adieu-mw0000745282|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Richie Unterberger]] weere egwu ya dịka “ikekwe ọbụna nke jupụtara n’iru uju na mmetụta karịa ka ọ na-adị”.&lt;ref name=&quot;ctda&quot;/&gt; Ka oge yé-yé na-apụ n’anya mgbe ngagharị [[May 68]] gasịrị na France, Hardy “gbanwere onwe ya bụrụ onye na-egosi folk-rock/jazz ''chanteuse'' nke na-adịghị mfe ịchọta” n’ọrụ ya n’afọ 1970s mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mattjames&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/179429-francoise-hardy-message-personnel-40th-anniversary-edition-2495683722.html|title=Françoise Hardy: Message Personnel (40th Anniversary Edition)|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[PopMatters]]|last=James|first=Matt|date=21 March 2014|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133658/https://www.popmatters.com/179429-francoise-hardy-message-personnel-40th-anniversary-edition-2495683722.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mepụtara ụdị dịkwuo tozuru etozu, nke na-adịchaghị pop, iji gosipụta akụkụ dị omimi nke onwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot;/&gt; A kọwara ya dị ka “album mbụ Françoise Hardy nke dị ezigbo onwe”,&lt;ref name=&quot;monroe&quot;/&gt; album 1971 ''La question,'' nke na-aga n’ụzọ ụda na-adịghị azụmahịa ma na-enweghị [[Hook (music)|hooks]] doro anya, weere dị ka mgbanwe dị mkpa n’ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;telerama16&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telerama.fr/musique/francoise-hardy-en-question,140803.php|title=Françoise Hardy en question|last1=Rigoulet|first1=Laurent|date=9 April 2016|work=[[Télérama]]|publisher=Groupe Le Monde|access-date=25 October 2016|language=fr|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026080152/http://www.telerama.fr/musique/francoise-hardy-en-question,140803.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2013/02/15/gente/1360951854_946751.html|title=La 'chanson' de la musa madura|last1=Galán|first1=Lola|date=15 February 2013|work=[[El País]]|publisher=Ediciones El País, S.L.|access-date=27 October 2016|language=es|quote=Atrás quedan los temas de su primera etapa, cancioncillas pegadizas de las que abomina. Hasta ''La question'', de 1971, a partir de la cual se inicia una segunda época de la que sí está orgullosa.|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012528/https://elpais.com/elpais/2013/02/15/gente/1360951854_946751.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n’ime ọrụ ya kacha dị jụụ, nwere nhazi ụda dị nro na nke akụrụngwa acoustic, gụnyere guitar, ntakịrị bass na orchestration dị nro.&lt;ref name=&quot;originales&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusicquestion&quot;&gt;{{cite web| author-link=Richie Unterberger| url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/la-question-mw0000473522| last=Unterberger| first=Richie| title=La Question – Françoise Hardy| publisher=[[AllMusic]]| access-date=4 May 2014| archive-date=29 July 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729073948/http://www.allmusic.com/album/la-question-mw0000473522| url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọwara olu Hardy dị ka “nke na-adọrọ adọrọ” na “nke dị nro”, mgbe ụfọdụ “[na-eji] hum melodic [[humming]] kama ịbụ abụ, na-egosipụta mmetụta nke abụ ahụ n’enweghị okwu.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/|title=Françoise Hardy – La question|last=Ballon|first=John|date=6 October 2008|publisher=MustHear|access-date=10 November 2016|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111200219/http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=11 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111200219/http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''La question'' bụkwa oge mbụ Hardy sonyeere n’ịhọrọ nhazi strings maka ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Seven&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ''La question'' gasịrị, Hardy gara n’ihu n’ụzọ egwu folk na rock kpaliri ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRouge&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Le rouge et l'orange&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a mere ka onye nrụpụta [[Joe Boyd]] kwuo ka Nick Drake dee album abụ maka Hardy, nke Tony Cox ga-emepụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/francoise-hardy-interviewed-head-im-still-young-105862/|title=Françoise Hardy interviewed: &quot;In my head I'm still very young&quot;|access-date=9 May 2021|first=Tom|last=Pinnock|work=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]|date=15 June 2018|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061403/https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/francoise-hardy-interviewed-head-im-still-young-105862/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị abụọ ahụ zutere ọtụtụ oge, gụnyere nleta Nick Drake na nnọkọ ndekọ Hardy na London, ma a naghị eme atụmatụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nickdrake&quot;/&gt; Cox nwere mmasị ịrụ ọrụ na Hardy, ma n’ọnwa ikpeazụ nke 1971 dekọọ ''If You Listen'', nke jiri “otu ndị egwu British folk-rock kacha mma”.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot;/&gt; N’ihi mmetụta Drake,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://aquariumdrunkard.com/2020/02/28/the-lagniappe-sessions-yann-tiersen/|title=The Lagniappe Sessions: Yann Tiersen|access-date=15 May 2021|date=28 February 2020|publisher=[[Aquarium Drunkard]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515185819/https://aquariumdrunkard.com/2020/02/28/the-lagniappe-sessions-yann-tiersen/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; album ahụ gosipụtara nhazi “cinematic” nke na-etinye guitar acoustic na strings dị nro.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/if-you-listen-mw0000462501|title=If You Listen – Françoise Hardy|author-link=Richie Unterberger|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514171245/https://www.allmusic.com/album/if-you-listen-mw0000462501|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’otu afọ ahụ, Hardy wepụtara ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', nke tinyere mmetụta blues, folk, na rock nke America&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRouge&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;orangenightfall&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Waltersmoke|date=31 May 2014|title=Françoise HARDY – Et Si Je M'en Vais Avant Toi (1972)|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6784_franoise-hardy-et-si-je-m-en-vais-avant-toi.html|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|language=French|access-date=27 May 2021|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012437/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6784_franoise-hardy-et-si-je-m-en-vais-avant-toi.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma nwee, n’ụzọ pụrụ iche, ụda dị ntakịrị nke na-akpa ọchị na rhythm ndị na-adọrọ mmasị.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroRouge&quot;/&gt;

Hardy kpọrọ [[Michel Berger]], onye nrụpụta album mbụ Véronique Sanson, ka ọ duzie mmepụta album ya 1973 ''Message personnel.''&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEight&quot;/&gt; Album ahụ nwere nhazi nke [[Michel Bernholc]], onye duziri “otu rock band dị mfe na nke nwere strings jupụtara, [na-eme ka] olu Hardy dị nro ma na-adọrọ adọrọ pụta ìhè.”&lt;ref name=&quot;mpr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/message-personnel-mw0000728077|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=14 May 2021|title=Message Personnel – Françoise Hardy|first=Thom|last=Jurek|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072647/https://www.allmusic.com/album/message-personnel-mw0000728077|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Album ahụ nwere ọnọdụ jupụtara n’iru uju na nke na-enyo enyo, yana “ụda tozuru etozu, nke dị mma maka ndị okenye”.&lt;ref name=&quot;mattjames&quot;/&gt; Ndekọ 1974 ''Entr'acte'' bụ mgbalị mbụ Hardy mere n’ime [[concept album]], nke nwere okwu na-akọ “usoro nke abalị otu oge n’etiti onye ọbịa na nwa agbọghọ, onye a hapụrụ n’ihi nwoke ọ hụrụ n’anya, na-achọ ịkwụ ya ụgwọ”.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyNine&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Nine&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwere nhazi orchestral nke [[Del Newman]], onye rụrụ ọrụ na album Elton John ''[[Goodbye Yellow Brick Road]]'' na album Cat Stevens ''[[Tea for the Tillerman]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyNine&quot;/&gt;

==== 1975–2018 ==== 
Album ''Star,'' nke 1977, nke bụ ndekọ [[Jazz pop|''pop nwere ntụziaka jazz'']], bụ album mbụ Hardy mere ka Gabriel Yared hazie, onye mepụtara ihe ọ na-emepụta ruo afọ iri sochirinụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6929_franoise-hardy-star.html|language=French|access-date=27 May 2021|title=Françoise HARDY – Star (1977)|author=Waltersmoke|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|date=18 July 2014|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527030741/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6929_franoise-hardy-star.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 1978, ka [[disco]] na-achị ụlọ ọrụ egwu, Yared gbalịrị ime ka ụda ya kwekọọ na oge ahụ site na mwepụta nke ''Musique saoûle'', nke tinyere rhythms sitere na [[funk music]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Saoule au gin-tonic&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-abụ egwu kwuru mgbe e mesịrị na ọ naghị adị ya mma ma na-eme ya ihere mgbe ọ na-abụ abụ n’elu rhythms egwu ịgba egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTonic&quot;/&gt; Album nke 1988 ''Décalages,'' nke a ma ama maka ụda ya nwere ọtụtụ layers na ikuku pụrụ iche,&lt;ref name=&quot;ledangerrocks&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/track-of-confinement-9-le-danger-de-francoise-hardy-147752-26-03-2020/|language=French|work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|title=Track of confinement #9 : Le Danger, de Françoise Hardy|date=26 March 2020|first=Franck|last=Vergeade|access-date=26 May 2021|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527023538/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/track-of-confinement-9-le-danger-de-francoise-hardy-147752-26-03-2020/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; tinyere iji [[Synclavier]] synthesizer, n’agbanyeghị na onye na-abụ egwu achọghị ụda dijitalụ nke oge ahụ kama ọ họọrọ ụdị acoustic.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThirteen&quot;/&gt;

N’afọ 1996, site n’ike mmụọ nsọ sitere na [[alternative rock]] scene, Hardy gbanwere gaa n’ụdị egwu rock nke oge ọhụrụ, nke na-egosipụta ike na guitar, na album ''Le danger'', album mbụ ya mgbe afọ asaa gachara.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LeDanger&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/le-danger-mw0000610510|author-link=Richie Unterberger|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=10 May 2021|title=Le Danger – Françoise Hardy|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509091056/https://www.allmusic.com/album/le-danger-mw0000610510|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]’s Jazz Monroe kọwara egwu ya dị ka &quot;[[Adult contemporary music|adult-contemporary]] [[space rock]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;monroe&quot;/&gt; Ụda siri ike na okwu nke album ahụ gosipụtara oge &quot;ọchịchịrị nke ukwuu&quot; nke onye na-abụ egwu nọ n’ime ya n’oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;internautes&quot;/&gt; Ọdịda azụmaahịa nke ''Le danger'', tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, mere ka Hardy laghachi n’ụdị egwu ya dị nro na nke dị mfe maka album sochirinụ, ''[[Clair-obscur (album)|Clair-obscur]]'', nke pụtara n’afọ 2000,&lt;ref name=&quot;internautes&quot;/&gt; ma album ise ikpeazụ ya gosipụtara ụda mara mma ma juputara n’obi mgbu na ntụgharị uche.&lt;ref name=&quot;trodaec&quot;/&gt; Album 2006 ''(Parenthèses...)'' bụ nchịkọta duet iri na abụọ nwere mmepụta nke jiri obere tricks na mixing dị larịị, nke mere ka e jiri ya tụnyere ọrụ mbụ dị ọcha dịka ''La question''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/parenth%C3%A8ses-mw0000771851|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=Parenthèses – Françoise Hardy|last=McClintock|first=J. Scott|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/parenth%C3%A8ses-mw0000771851|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tụnyere album ndị gara aga, album 2010 ''La pluie sans parapluie'' nwere ụda “na-enwu karịa”, nke ụfọdụ egwu ya dabere na drum na bass kama piano ma ọ bụ strings.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-pluie-sans-parapluie-mw0001969720|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=La Pluie Sans Parapluie – Françoise Hardy|last=Prunes|first=Mariano|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200638/https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-pluie-sans-parapluie-mw0001969720|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Album ya nke 2012 ''L'amour fou'' gosipụtara olu a na-abụ nke ọkara-abụ, ọkara-okwu, ma nwee ọnọdụ &quot;nwere nnabata, nke na-atụgharị uche&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;lefou&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/11/francoise-hardy-amour-fou-review|title=Françoise Hardy: L'Amour Fou – review|access-date=13 May 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Caroline|last=Sullivan|date=11 April 2013|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072659/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/11/francoise-hardy-amour-fou-review|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; jiri piano “mara mma”, minor chords na brushed drums dị ka nkwado.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-francoise-hardy-l-amour-fou-emi-8571960.html|access-date=13 May 2021|title=Album: Françoise Hardy, L'Amour Fou (EMI)|date=13 April 2013|first=Simon|last=Price|work=[[The Independent]]|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513045612/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-francoise-hardy-l-amour-fou-emi-8571960.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu n’abụ nke album ikpeazụ ya, ''[[Personne d'autre]]'', nke pụtara n’afọ 2018, metụtara afọ ya na-aga n’ihu na echiche banyere ọnwụ ya. Ọ lanarịrị nnukwu nsogbu ahụike kemgbe mwepụta album gara aga,&lt;ref name=&quot;monroe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/francoise-hardy-personne-dautre/|title=Françoise Hardy: Personne d'autre Album Review|first=Jazz|last=Monroe|access-date=10 May 2021|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211858/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/francoise-hardy-personne-dautre/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma arụ olu ya n’album ahụ metụtara ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusicpersonne&quot; /&gt; Isiokwu ojii nke okwu n’abụ nke ''Personne d'autre'' dị iche na ụda dị nro na nke nso nke onye na-abụ egwu jiri mara ya na mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;monroe&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusicpersonne&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=Personne d'Autre – Françoise Hardy|first=Thom|last=Jurek|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmemme egwu dị ndụ == 
[[File:Francoise Hardy C'est La Rose.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Hardy ka ọ na-eme ihe n’egwu n’afọ 1968]]

Na 11 Mee 1962, Hardy mere ngosipụta mbụ ya n’ihu ndị mmadụ dịka onye na-abụ abụ dị ndụ, ya na ndị ọzọ na-eto eto na-abụ abụ, n’emume Disco Revue gala dị na [[Nancy, France|Nancy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroScenes&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Premières scènes&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n’abalị ekeresimesi na [[Brussels]] ma sonyekwa n’ụzọ njem egwu gara nke ọma na [[Southern France]] site na njedebe afọ 1962 ruo mmalite afọ 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroScenes&quot; /&gt; N’ọnwa Febrụwarị 1963, ọ pụtara na mmemme telivishọn ''Cinq colonnes à la une'' ọnụ na [[Sylvie Vartan]] na [[Sheila (French singer)|Sheila]]. E mechara were ha dị ka arụsị atọ kachasị ukwuu nke oge yé-yé, onye ọ bụla n’ime ha na-anọchite anya ụdị nwa agbọghọ oge ọhụrụ dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGraces&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Les Trois Grâces&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; O mere ngosipụta mbụ ya na ụlọ egwu [[Olympia (Paris)|Olympia]] dị na Paris, ebe ọ bụ onye meghere mmemme maka [[Richard Anthony (singer)|Richard Anthony]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt; N’agbata 26 Febrụwarị na 10 Eprel, Hardy sonyere na njem egwu Gala des Stars, nke Europe n° 1 na ''Salut les copains'' kwadoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEurovision&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Gala des étoiles» et concours de l'Eurovision&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

N’etiti ụbọchị njem egwu ndị ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEurovision&quot; /&gt; ọ nọchitere Monaco anya na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963|Eurovision Song Contest]] nke e mere na London, ebe ọ bụrụ abụ &quot;{{lang|fr|[[L'amour s'en va]]|italic=no}}&quot;, ma nweta ọnọdụ nke ise site na isi 25, nke ọ kesara na onye France, [[Alain Barrière]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=London 1963 |url=https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330122650/https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/final |archive-date=30 March 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=Eurovision Song Contest}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Pessis |first1=Jacques |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDMYAQAAIAAJ |title=Chronique de la chanson française |last2=Leduc |first2=Emilie |date=2003 |publisher=Editions Chronique |isbn=9782205055214 |page=102 |language=fr |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072212/https://books.google.com/books?id=eDMYAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’agbata 7 Nọvemba na 18 Disemba 1963, Hardy pụtara ọzọ dịka onye meghere mmemme Anthony na Olympia dị na Paris ma nweta nkwado ọma sitere n’aka ndị nta akụkọ, ndị bụbu ndị na-akatọ ụzọ ọ si arụ ọrụ n’ihu ọha n’ihi ịdị nkịtị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVoie&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Suivre sa voie&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 11 Ọktoba, Hardy rụrụ ọrụ na [[Barcelona]], Spain, dịka akụkụ nke Great Gala nke anọ nke Sedería Española.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot; /&gt; N’ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ malitere njem egwu mbụ ya na Italy, nke gara ọtụtụ obere obodo ndị dị n’akụkụ osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot; /&gt; Onye na-abụ abụ ahụ nwekwara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Portugal ma gaa [[Lisbon]] na njedebe afọ 1963 iji pụta na mmemme telivishọn dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot; /&gt;

Na 21 Febrụwarị 1964, Hardy kwalitere &quot;Catch a Falling Star&quot; na mmemme telivishọn Britain ''[[Ready Steady Go!]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroCachez&quot; /&gt; ma n’otu mmemme ahụ kwa, ọ bụrụ &quot;All Around the World&quot;. Ọ pụtakwara na [[Five O'Clock Club|''Ollie and Fred's Five O'Clock Club'']], ''[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (TV series)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]'', na ''[[Top of the Pops]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonde&quot; /&gt; Na United States, Hardy mere ngosipụta mbụ ya na mmemme ''[[Hullabaloo (TV series)|Hullabaloo]]'' nke [[NBC]], ebe ọ bụrụ &quot;However Much&quot;, ụdị asụsụ abụọ nke abụ [[Charles Trenet]] &quot;[[Que reste-t-il de nos amours ?]]&quot;, nakwa nsụgharị nke &quot;[[The Girl from Ipanema]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonde&quot; /&gt;

Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama n’otu ntabi anya na Germany mgbe ọ pụtara na telivishọn na 28 Eprel 1965 na ''Portrait in Musik'', usoro mmemme egwu e haziri ma duzie site n’aka Truck Branss.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMonde&quot; /&gt; N’okpuru nrụgide sitere n’aka ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ya nke France na Italy,&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt; Hardy sonyere na [[Sanremo Music Festival 1966]], ebe ọ rutere n’ọkwa ikpeazụ site n’abụ &quot;Parlami di te&quot; nke [[Edoardo Vianello]] dere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Giannotti |first=Marcello |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&amp;pg=PA233 |title=L'enciclopedia di Sanremo: 55 anni di storia del festival dalla A alla Z |publisher=Gremese Editore |year=2005 |isbn=978-8884403797 |page=233 |language=Italian |trans-title=The Sanremo Encyclopedia: 55 years of the festival's history from A to Z |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072142/https://books.google.com/books?id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&amp;pg=PA233#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy nyere ngosipụta ndụ ikpeazụ atọ ya na [[Kinshasa]], Congo, n’ọnwa Juun 1967.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroAnglais&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-enwe nsogbu [[stage fright|ụjọ ịpụta n’ihu ọha]],&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySix&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 January 2014 |title=Chanson singer Francoise Hardy turns 70 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/chanson-singer-francoise-hardy-turns-70/a-17369531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516210529/https://www.dw.com/en/chanson-singer-francoise-hardy-turns-70/a-17369531 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke mere ka ọ kwụsị ime mmemme egwu dị ndụ kpamkpam n’afọ 1968.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;franceinfointerview&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Vial |first=Michel |date=17 June 2016 |title=INTERVIEW. Françoise Hardy : &quot;J'ai l'impression d'avoir tout dit, je ne crois pas que je puisse faire mieux&quot; |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/chanson-francaise/interview-francoise-hardy-quot-jai-limpression-davoir-tout-dit-je-ne-crois-pas-que-je-puisse-faire-mieuxquot_3305387.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012955/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/chanson-francaise/interview-francoise-hardy-quot-jai-limpression-davoir-tout-dit-je-ne-crois-pas-que-je-puisse-faire-mieuxquot_3305387.html |archive-date=12 June 2024 |access-date=18 May 2021 |publisher=[[France Info]] |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ngosipụta ọha== 
===Àgwà mmadụ=== 
Dị ka onye a ma ama n’ihu ọha, a maara Hardy nke ọma n’ihi [[ihere]] ya na omume ya nke ịdị jụụ ma ghara ịmasị ịpụta ìhè n’ihu mmadụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160830-why-we-should-celebrate-shyness|title=Why we should celebrate shyness|access-date=10 May 2021|last=Robson|first=David|publisher=[[BBC Future]]|date=31 August 2016|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060158/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160830-why-we-should-celebrate-shyness|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dois&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696|title=Album Review: Françoise Hardy – 2016 reissues|publisher=[[Drowned in Sound]]|date=15 January 2016|first=Russell|last=Warfield|access-date=11 May 2021|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115725/https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=11 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115725/https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ndị na-ekiri ya na-ekwukarị banyere “agwa ya nke na-adịghị amasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dịka onye a ma ama.”&lt;ref name=&quot;p4kreviews&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21098-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|access-date=13 May 2021|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|title=Françoise Hardy: Tous Les Garçons Et Les Filles / Le Premier Bonheur Du Jour / Mon Amie La Rose / La Maison Ou J'Ai Grandi / L'Amitié|first=Hazel|last=Cills|date=21 October 2015|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513183852/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21098-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’akwụkwọ ndụ ya na n’ajụjụ ọnụ dị iche iche, ọ na-ekwu n’ụzọ doro anya banyere ọgụ ya na [[anxiety]], [[self-doubt]], [[loneliness]] na [[inferiority complex]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEight&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Eight&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Tom Pinnock nke ''Uncut'' kwuru na “ọ bụ n’ihi na ọ jụrụ iso egwuregwu nke [[showbusiness]] na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụdị [[icon]].”&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot;/&gt; Ọnọdụ ya nke ịbụ [[celebrity]] n’oge na-adịghị anya ghọrọ ihe na-enye ya nnukwu nsogbu, dịka o kwuru na 2011:

“Ihe niile ahụ adịghị amasị m ma ọlị, tinyere ihe ndị na-esonyere ya, mgbe n’otu ntabi anya mmadụ ghọrọ onye a ma ama nke ukwuu. (...) [Ịrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ejiji ndị a ma ama] bụ ọrụ, ihe ndị m ga-eme, ọrụ na-agwụ ike—ọ dịghị amasị m ma ọlị... Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka mmadụ nwee ahụ iru ala mgbe a na-enwe mmasị n’ebe ya nọ nke ukwuu—ọ bụghị ọnọdụ nkịtị. Nke ahụ anaghị amasị m ma ọlị. Eziokwu bụ na anaghị m enwe ahụ iru ala n’ọrụ ndụ m n’ezie, ya mere okwu ‘icon’—ọ dị ka a na-ekwu maka onye ọzọ, ọ bụghị m n’ezie.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0118bgw|title=Falling for Francoise|date=21 May 2011|publisher=Falling Tree Productions. [[BBC Radio 4 Extra]]|access-date=22 May 2011|medium=radio program|others=Andrew, John (interviewer); Hall, Alan (producer)|archive-date=16 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516170724/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0118bgw|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ naghịkwa enwe mmasị n’ụzọ ndụ nke [[jet-set]] na [[High society (social class)|ndị nọ n’ọkwa elu nke ọha mmadụ]].&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt;

=== Onye Na-ebute Ụzọ N’Ụwa Ejiji ===

[[File:Francoise Hardy in Venice.jpg|thumb|Hardy (nke e sere na Venice na 1966) nwere ntutu isi ya nke kpuchiri ọkpọiso ya na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọcha ya, bụ́ ndị a na-ewere dịka ọdịdị pụrụ iche ya.]]

Dị ka onye na-ese ya foto na onye nnọchi anya ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị ya n’ime afọ iri ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe58&quot;/&gt; Jean-Marie Périer ghọrọ ụdị onye yiri [[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]] nye ya,&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe29&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 29&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tentaciones&quot;/&gt; ma gbanwee onyonyo ọha nke onye na-agụ egwú ahụ site n’ịbụ “nwa agbọghọ akwụkwọ na-eme ihere ma na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi n’ile anya” gaa n’ịbụ “nwata nwanyị oge a na-eduzi usoro ejiji ọhụrụ.”&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot;/&gt; O dere sị: “…[Périer] gbalịrị ime ka echiche m mepee ma nyere m aka n’akụkụ ndụ niile site n’obiọma pụrụ iche ya ... n’okpuru nduzi ya ka m ghọtara mkpa mma na ọdịdị, nke ghọrọ otu n’ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa m na-atụle. Ọ kụziri m otu esi ebu onwe m ma esi eyi uwe, ma nyekwa m ndụmọdụ gbasara omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot;/&gt; Ọ mere ka onye na-agụ egwú ahụ malite ịrụ ọrụ [[Model (person)|nlereanya ejiji]], ma n’oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ “kpakpando nke ụwa ejiji mba ụwa yana nke ụwa egwu France.”&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot;/&gt; Ndị na-ese foto dịka [[Gered Mankowitz]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/photos/10-iconic-rock-stars-shot-by-the-legendary-gered-mankowitz-1427944|title=10 Iconic Rock Stars Shot By The Legendary Gered Mankowitz|work=[[NME]]|access-date=15 May 2021|first=Emily|last=Barker|date=12 September 2013|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515195049/https://www.nme.com/photos/10-iconic-rock-stars-shot-by-the-legendary-gered-mankowitz-1427944|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[William Klein (photographer)|William Klein]] na [[Richard Avedon]] sere ya foto maka ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;/&gt; Ịpụta ya ugboro ugboro n’ihu mkpuchi magazin mere ka a mara ya dịka ihe atụ kachasị pụta ìhè nke nwanyị French a na-etinye n’ihu mkpuchi magazin n’afọ ndị 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;tentaciones&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mortality&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot;/&gt; N’afọ 1968, Hardy gwara otu onye nta akụkọ, sị: “Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n’ihi ụzọ m si eji uwe, ọ dịghị onye ga-achọpụta m.”&lt;ref name=&quot;achieve&quot; /&gt; N’otu aka ahụ, ọ gwara ''[[Vanity Fair (magazines)|Vanity Fair]]'' na 2018, sị: “Egwu m enweghị nnukwu mmasị ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmepụta egwu Anglo-Saxon. Ya mere, m tinyere obi m n’iyi uwe ọma oge ọ bụla m gara London ma ọ bụ New York. Karịsịa, abụ m onye nnọchianya ejiji.”&lt;ref name=&quot;vanityfair&quot; /&gt;

Dị ka otu n’ime ndị a na-akpọ “[[&quot;it girl&quot;]]&lt;ref name=&quot;independent05&quot; /&gt;” na onye ndu n’ụwa ejiji,&lt;ref name=&quot;id&quot; /&gt; a na-ewere Hardy dịka ihe nnọchianya zuru oke nke “Nwanyị Oge A”&lt;ref name=&quot;mattjames&quot; /&gt; nakwa nke ụdị [[chic]] French nke afọ ndị 1960&lt;ref name=&quot;sixties&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/arts-don-t-talk-to-me-about-the-sixties-1337101.html|title=Arts: Don't talk to me about the Sixties|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128125214/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/arts-don-t-talk-to-me-about-the-sixties-1337101.html|archive-date=28 January 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|date=14 June 1996|first=Philip|last=Sweeney|work=[[The Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independent05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/belle-star-1528822.html|title=Belle star|access-date=20 May 2021|date=5 February 2005|work=[[The Independent]]|last=McNair|first=James|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044111/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/belle-star-1528822.html|archive-date=30 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na [[Coolness|ịdị jụụ na ịdị mma]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe64&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 64&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thetimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/francoise-hardy-2rzqtxjzplr|title=Françoise Hardy|date=8 January 2005|access-date=15 May 2021|work=[[The Times]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012959/https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com/wrapper/v2/messages?hasCsp=true&amp;env=prod&amp;body=%7B%22accountId%22%3A259%2C%22campaignEnv%22%3A%22prod%22%2C%22campaigns%22%3A%7B%22ccpa%22%3A%7B%22alwaysDisplayDNS%22%3Afalse%2C%22hasLocalData%22%3Afalse%2C%22targetingParams%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%2C%22gdpr%22%3A%7B%22consentStatus%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22targetingParams%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%2C%22clientMMSOrigin%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.privacy-mgmt.com%22%2C%22hasCSP%22%3Atrue%2C%22includeData%22%3A%7B%22localState%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22string%22%7D%2C%22actions%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22RecordString%22%7D%2C%22cookies%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22RecordString%22%7D%7D%2C%22propertyHref%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%22%2C%22propertyId%22%3A5049%7D&amp;localState=null&amp;metadata=%7B%22ccpa%22%3A%7B%22applies%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22gdpr%22%3A%7B%22applies%22%3Afalse%7D%7D&amp;nonKeyedLocalState=null&amp;ch=446710079449740212bce6&amp;scriptVersion=4.23.0&amp;scriptType=unified|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a maara nke ọma n’ihi nhọrọ uwe ya ndị gara n’ihu oge ha na ụdị [[futuristic fashion]] ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardistes&quot; /&gt; Brett Marie nke [[PopMatters]] kwuru na “echiche ya banyere ejiji na ahụ ya yiri nke ndị nlereanya nke afọ ndị 1960 mere ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi ejiji dịka ọ bụkwa kpakpando n’ụlọ ọrụ egwu.”&lt;ref name=&quot;popmatters&quot; /&gt; O chetara na 2008 na n’oge mmalite afọ ndị 1960, ahụ ya dị gịrịgịrị nke na-eme ka ihere na-eme ya ghọrọ ihe a na-ewere dị ka ejiji n’oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ellefr&quot; /&gt; A malitere ile ya anya dịka “''égérie''” ma ọ bụ mmụọ nsọ nye ndị nrụpụta ejiji France kachasị ama n’oge ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe63&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 63&lt;/ref&gt; gụnyere [[André Courrèges]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/le-mag/mode-et-beaute/le-couturier-andre-courreges-est-mort-92-ans-3958816|title=Mort d'André Courrèges, le couturier fétiche de Françoise Hardy|access-date=13 May 2021|date=1 August 2016|language=French|work=[[Ouest-France]]|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214342/https://www.ouest-france.fr/le-mag/mode-et-beaute/le-couturier-andre-courreges-est-mort-92-ans-3958816|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chanel]] na [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;

Hardy kwadoro ụdị mbụ nke uwe [[Le Smoking]] nke Saint Laurent mere na 1966,&lt;ref name=&quot;numero&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/yves-saint-laurent-histoire-smoking-1966-rive-gauche-revolution-francoise-hardy|language=French|access-date=16 May 2021|title=Le smoking d'Yves Saint Laurent : histoire d'une révolution|first=Yasmine|last=Lahrichi|work=[[Numéro]]|date=19 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=21 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521132239/https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/yves-saint-laurent-histoire-smoking-1966-rive-gauche-revolution-francoise-hardy}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma onye nrụpụta ahụ chetara na mgbe ọ kpọgara ya na [[Paris Opera]] ka o yi otu tuxedo ya, “Ndị mmadụ tiri mkpu ma kwuo okwu n’olu ike. Ọ bụ nnukwu esemokwu.”&lt;ref name=&quot;smoking&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140710-smoking-hot-the-womans-tuxedo|title=Smoking hot: The woman's tuxedo|first=Katya|last=Foreman|date=21 October 2015|access-date=16 May 2021|publisher=BBC|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013016/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140710-smoking-hot-the-womans-tuxedo|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy bụkwa otu n’ime ndị mbụ hụrụ ọrụ [[Paco Rabanne]] n’anya, na-eme ka onye nrụpụta ejiji Spain ahụ bụrụ onye a ma ama site n’iyi uwe ya n’oge eserese foto na mmemme telivishọn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/fashion-exhibitions/diaporama/why-you-should-see-the-paco-rabanne-fashion-metallurgist-exhibition/54179|title=Why you should see the &quot;Paco Rabanne, Fashion Metallurgist&quot; exhibition|access-date=13 May 2021|work=[[Vogue Paris]]|first=Manon|last=Garrigues|date=13 December 2018|translator-first=Rosa Cecilia|translator-last=Gosling|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513222407/https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/fashion-exhibitions/diaporama/why-you-should-see-the-paco-rabanne-fashion-metallurgist-exhibition/54179|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 1968, ọ gosipụtara uwe mkpirikpi e ji efere ọlaedo dị ọcha mee na International Diamond Fair.&lt;ref name=&quot;scotsmanobit&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Braunstein, Peter|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/231149382|title=Visiting Planet Paco|date=February 21, 2001|journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]]|id={{ProQuest|231149382}} |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eme uwe ahụ site na efere ọlaedo 1,000, diamond karat 300, ma ọ tụrụ paụnd 20; a na-ewere ya dịka “uwe kachasị ọnụ n’ụwa n’afọ 1968.”&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Newbold |first=Alice |date=2024-06-12 |title=Françoise Hardy Was the French-Girl Style Blueprint |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style-blueprint |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uwe ndị Rabanne chepụtara, gụnyere uwe ọlaedo ahụ, ghọrọ ụfọdụ n’ime ọdịdị Hardy kacha ama ama.&lt;ref name=&quot;10lessons&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;scotsmanobit&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=June 22, 2024|last1=Shepherd |first1=Fiona |title=Françoise Hardy: French singersongwriter whose melancholic ballads influenced a generation |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3070768709 |website=[[The Scotsman]] |access-date=27 July 2024 |id={{ProQuest|3070768709}} |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lennon |first1=Peter |title=Newspaper Fashion: Prophet motives Paco Rabanne launched his 21st century designs 30 years ago and has been looking to the future ever since. Which is odd, because he's also a soothsayer who is certain that the end of our time is at hand |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/294978425 |date=June 10, 1995|page=48|work=The Guardian |id={{ProQuest|294978425}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy gosipụtara uwe ndị ụlọ ọrụ ''[[ready-to-wear|prêt-à-porter]]'' ọhụrụ na-emepụta,&lt;ref name=&quot;CRF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/|title=The Enduring Style of Françoise Hardy and the Yé-Yé Girls|last=Darcella|first=Aria|work=CR Fashion Book|date=17 January 2018|access-date=15 May 2021|publisher=CR Fashion Book. [[Hearst Communications]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515033723/https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=15 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515033723/https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana ọrụ ndị otu ọhụrụ nke ndị nrụpụta ejiji nwanyị France a maara dịka “ụlọ akwụkwọ yé-yé”&lt;ref name=&quot;radicalrags&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Radical Rags: Fashions of the Sixties|url=https://archive.org/details/radicalragsfashi0000lobe|last=Lobenthal|first=Joel|year=1990|page=[https://archive.org/details/radicalragsfashi0000lobe/page/45 45]|publisher=[[Abbeville Press]]|isbn=0896599302}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ “''stylistes''”,&lt;ref name=&quot;refashioned&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/paris-refashioned.php|access-date=20 April 2021|date=15 April 2017|title=Paris Refashioned, 1957–1968|publisher=The Museum at FIT. [[Fashion Institute of Technology]]|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420194528/https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/paris-refashioned.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndị jụrụ iwu siri ike nke ''[[haute couture]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;richardmartin&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Contemporary Fashion|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryfash0000unse|page=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryfash0000unse/page/300 300]|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Richard|isbn=978-1558621732|year=1995|publisher=[[St. James Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nyere aka ibido ọrụ [[Sonia Rykiel]] site n’iyi sweta ya a ma ama a na-akpọ “poor boy sweater” n’ihu mkpuchi ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;CRF&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|access-date=15 May 2021|language=French|url=https://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/sonia-rykiel-toute-une-vie-couleur|title=Sonia Rykiel, toute une vie en couleur|first=Séverine|last=Saas|date=26 August 2016|work=[[Le Temps]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511230023/https://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/sonia-rykiel-toute-une-vie-couleur|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma [[David Bailey]] sere ya foto ka o yi uwe mkpuchi [[Emmanuelle Khanh]] nke eji usoro [[color-blocking]] mee maka ''Vogue''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/articulos/color-block-historia-disenadores-yves-saint-laurent-stephen-burrows|language=Spanish|access-date=15 May 2021|title=De Stephen Burrows a la Comedia del Arte: repaso visual a la historia del color block|last=Nuria|first=Luis|date=8 October 2020|location=Spain|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515051401/https://www.vogue.es/moda/articulos/color-block-historia-disenadores-yves-saint-laurent-stephen-burrows|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A maara Hardy kwa maka ụdị ejiji dị mfe nke nwere ntutu isi na etemeete na-adịghị akpali akpali, na-eyi ọtụtụ mgbe naanị sweta na ogologo ọkpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CRF&quot; /&gt; Ihe pụrụ iche n’ile anya ya bụ [[Bangs (hair)|ntutu isi ya kpuchiri ọkpọiso]] na iji akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọcha nke Courrèges,&lt;ref name=&quot;linternaute&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/francoise-hardy-icone-francaise-de-la-chanson_1658165.html|access-date=11 May 2021|work=[[L'Express]]|language=French|title=Françoise Hardy, icône française de la chanson|date=5 March 2015|quote=C'est un soir de réréfendum sur le suffrage universel pour l'élection présidentielle, en 1962, que la France découvre l'interprète de Tous les garçons et les filles. Françoise Hardy séduit alors le pays et vend cette année-là 500 000 exemplaires de son 45 tours avant de connaître un succès international. Françoise Hardy, c'est aussi un style très affirmé: mini-jupe, boots blanches et longue frange, qui vont faire d'elle une égérie de la mode. Elle est enfin la mère de Thomas Dutronc, fils qu'elle a eu avec son mari le chanteur Jacques Dutronc.|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012958/https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/francoise-hardy-icone-francaise-de-la-chanson_1658165.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụkwa otu n’ime ndị mbụ yi [[miniskirt]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ellefr&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Livres/Dossiers/Quelqu-un-d-Hardy-745069|title=Quelqu'un d'Hardy|access-date=15 May 2021|first=Clémentine|last=Goldszal|work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|language=French|date=27 October 2008|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515230202/https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Livres/Dossiers/Quelqu-un-d-Hardy-745069|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanityfair&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/people/story/article-mag-pourquoi-francoise-hardy-nous-enchante-toujours/3108|title=Pourquoi Françoise Hardy nous enchante toujours|access-date=11 May 2021|date=18 July 2018|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazines)|Vanity Fair]]|language=French|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511201321/https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/people/story/article-mag-pourquoi-francoise-hardy-nous-enchante-toujours/3108|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwakwara ụdị uwe na ọdịdị na-enweghị oke nkewa nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardistes&quot; /&gt; A kọwara ya dịka “anti-[[Brigitte Bardot|Bardot]]”, onye wetara ụdị echiche ọhụrụ banyere mma nke mere ka “oke ịdị nwanyị nke ụdị sex-kitten nke oge ahụ bụrụ ihe ochie.”&lt;ref name=&quot;achieve&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|title=Françoise Hardy Forever: 10 Ways to Achieve the French Singer's Iconic Style|first=Laird|last=Borrelli-Persson|editor-first=Kelly|editor-last=Connor|date=16 January 2015|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516075235/https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ ndị 1970, ọ hapụrụ onyonyo nke “nwata nwanyị ejiji ama ama na-eme njem n’obodo” nke Périer kere maka ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;rfi&quot; /&gt;

===Akụkọ ifo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke afọ 1960===

Oyiyi ọha na eze ya na ụdị ejiji ya n’afọ ndị 1960 nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n’omenala [[pop culture]] ụwa, nke mere ka nkà ya dịka onye na-agụ egwu ghara ịhụrịrị anya nke ọma n’èzí France.&lt;ref name=&quot;monkey&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://monkeybuzz.com.br/materias/francoise-hardy-e-suas-meninas/|language=Portuguese|title=Françoise Hardy e Suas Meninas|access-date=16 May 2021|first=Carlos Eduardo|last=Lima|date=17 October 2013|publisher=Monkeybuzz|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516203440/https://monkeybuzz.com.br/materias/francoise-hardy-e-suas-meninas/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroTravesti&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Son allure de page travesti»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 1967, akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ntorobịa [[teen magazine]] ''Special Pop'' dere: “Hardy na-enwe ike ịdọta ma ụmụaka ma ndị mụrụ ha, ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị. Karịa ịbụ naanị onye na-agụ egwu, ọ na-aghọ ụdị akụkọ ifo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọtụtụ puku ụmụ agbọghọ na-arọ nrọ ịkọwa onwe ha dịka ya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe57&quot;/&gt;

N’ọkara nke abụọ nke afọ iri ahụ, Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama dịka onye na-akpali mmụọ n’omenala ma bụrụkwa ihe mkpali (muse) nye ọtụtụ ndị okike na ndị nka.&lt;ref name=&quot;sixties&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe64&quot;/&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe mere eserese ya, gụnyere {{ill|Michel Bourdais|fr}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author-link=Richard Anthony (singer)|last=Anthony|first=Richard|title=Quand on choisit la liberté|isbn=978-2738226587|publisher=Florent Massot|language=French|year=2010|page=115|quote=Françoise, elle aussi, lui acheta un petit portrait qu'il (Michel Bourdais) avait fait d'elle et qu'elle aimait beaucoup. Son pianiste lui acheta l'autre et l'un de mes musiciens lui passa une commande.}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bernard Buffet]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy|title=Bernard Buffet: Françoise Hardy (1963)|access-date=16 May 2021|publisher=[[Artsy (website)|Artsy]]|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516073600/https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=16 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516073600/https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gabriel Pasqualini]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |location=France|magazine=[[Salut les copains (magazine)|Salut les copains]]|issue=31|date=February 1965|title=Tout, tout, tout et le reste sur Françoise|page=28|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; na [[Jean-Paul Goude]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|title=[[Comment te dire adieu (album)|Comment te dire adieu]]|author=Hardy, Françoise|year=1968|location=France|publisher=[[Disques Vogue]]|id=CLD-728|medium=LP record}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 1965, [[Jacques Prévert]] dere uri e nyere onye na-agụ egwú ahụ aha ya bụ ''Une plante verte'', nke a gụrụ dịka akụkụ nke mmemme Hardy na Olympia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|year=1992|language=French|title=Œuvres Complètes|publisher=[[Éditions Gallimard]]|page=808|author-link=Jacques Prévert|first=Jacques|last=Prévert|isbn=978-2070112302}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa isiokwu uri nke [[Manuel Vázquez Montalbán]] dere&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://revistacaracteres.net/revista/vol2n1mayo2013/manuel-vazquez-montalban-leyendo-sus-poemas-cuerpo-y-voz-escritura-y-autoria/|language=Spanish|title=Manuel Vázquez Montalbán leyendo sus poemas: cuerpo y voz, escritura y autoría|year=2013|first=Alessandro|last=Mistrorigo|journal=Caracteres. Estudios culturales y críticos de la esfera digital|issn=2254-4496|location=Salamanca|publisher=Editorial Delirio|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516174834/http://revistacaracteres.net/revista/vol2n1mayo2013/manuel-vazquez-montalban-leyendo-sus-poemas-cuerpo-y-voz-escritura-y-autoria/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; nakwa [[open letter]] nke [[Paul Guth]] dere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|language=French|last=Guth|first=Paul|year=1968|title=Lettre ouverte aux idoles|author-link=Paul Guth|publisher=[[Éditions Albin Michel]]|pages=51–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-ese ihe Belgium [[Guy Peellaert]] jiri Hardy dịka ihe atụ maka agwa bụ isi nke akwụkwọ eserese ([[comic]]) ya nke 1968, ''Pravda la Survireuse'', nke sitere n’ike mmụọ nsọ [[pop art]] na echiche psychedelic, ma mee ya na mmekorita ya na onye odee ihe nkiri France [[Pascal Thomas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe64&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 64&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2008/11/20/necrologicas/1227135602_850215.html|access-date=15 May 2021|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|title=Guy Peellaert, dibujante y fotógrafo|last=Pons|first=Álvaro|date=19 November 2008|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072733/https://elpais.com/diario/2008/11/20/necrologicas/1227135602_850215.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-agụ egwú ahụ masịrị onye na-ese ihe Spain [[Salvador Dalí]],&lt;ref name=&quot;sixties&quot; /&gt; onye kpọrọ ya ka ọ nọrọ otu izu na ya na [[Cadaqués]] n’afọ 1968.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe67&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 67&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy bụkwa onye a na-enwe mmasị n’ebe ndị nọ na gburugburu [[Swinging London]] nọ,&lt;ref name=&quot;bagatelas&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abc&quot; /&gt; ma o kwetara na ọ bụ “isi iyi nke mmasị pụrụ iche nye ndị na-egwu pop Bekee.”&lt;ref name=&quot;mortality&quot; /&gt; [[Malcolm McLaren]] kọwara ya dịka “onye kachasị elu n’ụdị [[pinup girl]], nke e tinyere foto ya n’ụlọ ihi ụra nke ndị na-amụ egwu pop niile na-achọ ịdị n’ihu oge na [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]. Ọtụtụ ndị otu egwu n’oge ha kacha ewu ewu, dịka [[the Beatles]] ma ọ bụ [[The Rolling Stones|the Stones]], na-arọ nrọ iso ya nwee mmekọrịta ịhụnanya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot;&gt;Deluxe, 2013. p. 60&lt;/ref&gt; Oyiyi ya dọtara mmasị nke [[David Bowie]] mgbe ọ ka bụ nwata,&lt;ref name=&quot;monkeyreview&quot; /&gt; [[Mick Jagger]] (onye kpọrọ ya “nwanyị kacha zuru oke” n’anya ya),&lt;ref name=&quot;mortality&quot; /&gt; [[Brian Jones]],&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot; /&gt; [[Morrissey]],&lt;ref name=&quot;vanityfair&quot; /&gt; na [[Richard Thompson (musician)|Richard Thompson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt;

[[Bob Dylan]] nwere nnukwu mmasị n’ebe Hardy nọ ma tinye [[beat poem]] e dere maka ya n’azụ mkpuchi albọm ya nke 1964, ''[[Another Side of Bob Dylan]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mortality&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/apr/29/francoise-hardy-interview-personne-d-autre-album|access-date=10 May 2021|work=[[The Observer]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|title=Françoise Hardy: 'I sing about death in a symbolic, even positive way'|first=Sean|last=O'Hagan|date=29 April 2018|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011234/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/apr/29/francoise-hardy-interview-personne-d-autre-album|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uri ahụ malitere: “for françoise hardy/at the seine's edge/a giant shadow/of notre dame/seeks t' grab my foot/sorbonne students/whirl by on thin bicycles/swirlin' lifelike colors of leather spin...”&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media notes|author=[[Bob Dylan]]|year=1964|title=[[Another Side of Bob Dylan]]|type=LP record|publisher=[[Columbia Records]]|id=CS 8993}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 2018, Hardy gwara ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]'' na o nwere ụfọdụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke uri ahụ Dylan hapụrụ n’otu ụlọ kọfị. Ọ sịrị, “... Obi metụrụ m nnọọ aka. Ọ bụ nwoke dị afọ ntorobịa, onye na-ese ihe nwere mmetụta ịhụnanya nke ukwuu, onye nwere mmasị pụrụ iche n’ebe mmadụ nọ naanị n’ihi foto ya. Ị ma otú ndị ntorobịa si adị... Achọpụtara m na nke a dị ezigbo mkpa nye ya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt;

Hardy na Dylan zutere na Mee 1966 n’azụ ikpo okwu nke ngosi ya na Olympia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.fr/bob-dylan-francoise-hardy/|title=La chanteuse Françoise Hardy a reçu des ébauches de lettres d'amour écrites de la main de Bob Dylan, datant des années 60.|access-date=14 May 2021|date=18 April 2018|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|location=France|language=French|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514201543/https://www.rollingstone.fr/bob-dylan-francoise-hardy/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Dylan hụrụ na Hardy nọ n’etiti ndị na-ekiri ya, ọ jụrụ ịlaghachi n’ikpo okwu ka o mee akụkụ nke abụọ nke ngosi ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na Hardy agaghị abịa n’ụlọ mgbakwasa uwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyFour&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;passion&quot;&gt;{{cite web|language=French|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/spectacles-musique/bob-dylan-une-passion-francaise-1314985|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Bob Dylan, une passion française|date=12 May 2021|first=Laurent-David|last=Samama|work=[[Les Echos (France)|Les Echos]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515053245/https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/spectacles-musique/bob-dylan-une-passion-francaise-1314985|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na-agụ egwú mechara soro Dylan gaa n’ụlọ nkwari akụ ya na [[Four Seasons Hotel George V]],&lt;ref name=&quot;passion&quot; /&gt; ebe o nyere ya mbipụta mbụ nke egwu “[[&quot;Just Like a Woman]]” na “[[&quot;I Want You (Bob Dylan song)|I Want You]]”.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyFour&quot; /&gt;

===Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị===

Dị ka onye a ma ama n’ihu ọha, a maara Hardy nke ọma maka ịdị ya n’ezoghị ọnụ gbasara echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya,&lt;ref name=&quot;sixties&quot;/&gt; nke a kọwara dịka nke [[right-wing]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDecalages&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gay&quot;/&gt; A zụlitere ya n’ezinụlọ [[Gaullist]], ma o kwuru na ''Télérama'' n’afọ 2011, sị: “Anaghị m akwado ihe niile a na-ekwu ma ọ bụ a na-eme n’aka nri, ma anaghịkwa m elelị ihe niile a na-eme ma ọ bụ a na-ekwu n’aka [[Left-wing politics|aka ekpe]]... n’eziokwu, abụ m onye nọ n’etiti ụzọ ([[centrist]]).”&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroEnfance&quot;/&gt; N’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya nke afọ 2008, o dere na naanị ihe ọ na-ahụ onwe ya n’ime ya bụ [[Environmentalism|nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi]], nke ọ kpọrọ ihe “na-abụghị nke aka nri ma ọ bụ nke aka ekpe.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThirteen&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe ọ na-akwalite album ya ''Décalages'', Hardy nyere magazin ''Rockland'' ajụjụ ọnụ. Mkparịta ụka ahụ gbagoro n’ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ebe [[1988 French presidential election]] mere ụbọchị gara aga,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDecalages&quot;/&gt; ma n’ihi na ọ chere na akụkụ ahụ bụ mkparịta ụka na-abụghị maka ibipụta, Hardy gosipụtara nlelị ya n’ebe ndị nọ n’aka ekpe nọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDecalages&quot;/&gt; O were iwe mgbe e bipụtara akụkụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, ma chebe onwe ya n’ajụjụ ọnụ telivishọn ya na [[Thierry Ardisson]] n’ụbọchị 13 Mee, ebe ọ kọwara esemokwu o nwere na onye na-abụ abụ [[Renaud]], na-ekwu na Renaud kparịrị ya n’ihi nkwado ya nye Minista Omenala [[François Léotard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDecalages&quot;/&gt; N’ajụjụ ọnụ ''Rockland'' ahụ, o kwukwara banyere [[racism in France]], sị: “A naghị ekwu maka [[Anti-French sentiment|ịkpa ókè megide ndị France]], ebe e nwere ụfọdụ ebe ị ga-adị mfe ịbanye ma ọ bụrụ na ị bụghị onye France,”&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDecalages&quot;/&gt; ma kwukwara banyere [[antisemitism in France|mmegbu megide ndị Juu]], na-atụ aro na “ndị na-ahụ ya ebe niile nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ ya n’onwe ha.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThirteen&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Thirteen&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-abụ abụ ahụ mechara dee n’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya na ọ wepụrụ onwe ya n’echiche ndị ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThirteen&quot;/&gt;

Hardy bụ onye na-emegide [[solidarity tax on wealth]] (French: ''impôt de solidarité sur la fortune''; ISF). Ọ kwadoro [[tax shield]] nke ọchịchị [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] tinyere n’ọrụ na 2010 ma katọọ atụmatụ ụtụ isi nke [[François Hollande]] n’oge [[2012 French presidential election]], na-agwa ''Paris Match'' sị: “Ekwenyere m na ọtụtụ mmadụ aghọtaghị ọdachi ISF na-ebute ndị nọ n’ọnọdụ m. A na-amanye m, mgbe m fọrọ nke nta ka m bụrụ afọ iri asaa ma na-arịa ọrịa, ire ụlọ m ma kwaga ebe ọzọ.”&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroISF&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20120410-programme-fiscal-hollande-deplait-francoise-hardy-chanteuse|title=Françoise Hardy dénonce le programme fiscal de François Hollande|access-date=12 May 2021|date=10 April 2012|publisher=[[France 24]]|first=Ségolène|last=Allemandou|language=French|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512195529/https://www.france24.com/fr/20120410-programme-fiscal-hollande-deplait-francoise-hardy-chanteuse|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a mere ka nwa ya nwoke, Thomas Dutronc, dee na [[Twitter]]: “Ma mba mama, echegbula onwe gị, aga m akpọrọ gị ka ị bịa biri n’ụlọ m ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa...”&lt;ref name=&quot;moches&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ThomasDutronc/status/190170066594181121|title=Mais non maman, ne t'inquiète pas je t'inviterais chez moi au cas où...|publisher=[[Thomas Dutronc]] on [[Twitter]]|access-date=12 May 2021|date=11 April 2012|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512195530/https://twitter.com/ThomasDutronc/status/190170066594181121|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy mechara gọnarị akụkọ na ọ ga-abụ onye na-enweghị ebe obibi ma kọwaa na “ọdachi ahụ bụ ndị mmadụ na-efunahụ ọrụ ha n’ihi mbufe ọrụ gaa mba ọzọ na [[European debt crisis|nsogbu ụgwọ Europe]].”&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroISF&quot;/&gt;

Hardy kwupụtara nkwado ya maka ime ka [[legality of abortion|ime ime akwụsị n’afọ]] bụrụ ihe iwu kwadoro, n’agbanyeghị na ọ kewapụrụ onwe ya na [[feminism]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyFive&quot;&gt;Hardy, 2018 [2008], &quot;Five&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 2015, onye na-abụ abụ ahụ katọrọ [[Feminist movement|ndị na-akwado feminism]] n’edemede ([[essay]]) ya &quot;Avis non autorisés ...&quot;, ebe o dere: “Ahụrụ m ha dịka ndị iwe na-ejide, ndị na-adịghị mma n’anya, ya bụ, ndị na-enweghị àgwà nwanyị ọbụla. Enwebeghị m ike ịhụ ihe ọ bụla jikọrọ m na ndị feminists. N’agbanyeghị nke ahụ, e nwere ụfọdụ n’ime ha m gaara eji bụrụ ihe atụ...”&lt;ref name=&quot;moches&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/pour-francoise-hardy-les-feministes-sont-hargneuses-et-moches-363365-06-03-2015/|language=French|work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|access-date=12 May 2021|date=6 March 2015|title=Pour Françoise Hardy, les féministes sont &quot; hargneuses &quot; et &quot; moches &quot;|last=Boinet|first=Carole|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512052217/https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/pour-francoise-hardy-les-feministes-sont-hargneuses-et-moches-363365-06-03-2015/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/eloise-bouton/francoise-hardy-feminisme_b_6826950.html|title=Françoise Hardy ou la misogynie à l'ancienne|access-date=12 May 2021|date=9 March 2015|work=[[HuffPost]]|first=Éloïse|last=Bouton|language=French|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512052217/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/eloise-bouton/francoise-hardy-feminisme_b_6826950.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N’oge [[2017–2018 protests in France]], Hardy kwupụtara nkwado ya nye Onye isi ala [[Emmanuel Macron]]. O kwuru, sị: “Anyị kwesịrị ikwe ka ọ gbanwee France. Otu akụkụ nke ndị France achọghị ịhụ eziokwu ma rapara n’ime [[Marxist ideology]]. Ihe masịrị m banyere Onye isi ala Macron bụ na ọ bụ onye nwere ọhụụ ma ọ bụghị onye na-agbaso echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpuru ìsì, ma o guzoro ike n’eziokwu.”&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041625/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/arts/francoise-hardy-interview.html|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/arts/francoise-hardy-interview.html|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=12 May 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Françoise Hardy, a French National Treasure, Is Back from the Brink|date=9 May 2018|first=Agnès C.|last=Poirier}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N’oge [[2023 French pension reform strikes]], ọ gwara [[Le Journal du Dimanche]] na “ihere na-eme m maka ihe na-eme na France,” n’ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na “mgba ọrụ ugboro ugboro” ga-eme ka ndị njem nleta ghara ịbịa, ma ọ kwadorokwa [[2023 French pension reform law|iwu mgbanwe ụgwọ ezumike nka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Loridan |first1=Carla |title=&quot;J'ai honte de ce qui se passe en France&quot; : Francoise Hardy défend la réforme des retraites |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/people/j-ai-honte-de-ce-qui-se-passe-en-france-francoise-hardy-defend-la-reforme-des-retraites_AN-202304090146.html |website=BFM TV |date=9 April 2023 |access-date=12 June 2024 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072649/https://www.bfmtv.com/people/j-ai-honte-de-ce-qui-se-passe-en-france-francoise-hardy-defend-la-reforme-des-retraites_AN-202304090146.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ihe nketa na mmetụta==
:Ole na ole n’ime ihe ndị mara mma na-anọgide ogologo oge n’echiche mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ na egwu ụmụ agbọghọ yé-yé bụ mgbe niile ìhè na-atọ ụtọ nke na-adọrọ mmasị, nke Françoise Hardy na-adịgide dịka nke kacha emetụta n’ihi mgbagwoju anya mmetụta uche ya, ngwakọta zuru oke nke agụụ maka oge gara aga na nke ga-abịa, nke a na-abụ n’ụzọ dị oke nso n’obi. Taa, ọ pụrụ ịdị ka obere ihe na-enweghị nnukwu mkpa, ma n’oge ahụ, n’afọ iri isii nke narị afọ gara aga, ịnụ egwu gbasara obi mgbawa n’ọnụ nwanyị a nwere olu dị nro ma na-abanye n’ime obi mmadụ bụ ihe ama ama pụrụ iche. — Fernando Navarro, ''[[El País]]'', 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;bagatelas&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/08/26/ruta_norteamericana/1598470753_686835.html|title=Rompedoras (IV): Françoise Hardy, la bagatela más esplendorosa|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|last=Navarro|first=Fernando|date=26 August 2020|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513021000/https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/08/26/ruta_norteamericana/1598470753_686835.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eme emume Hardy dịka “akụ mba France”&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647068156/fran-oise-hardy-remains-frances-national-treasure|title=Françoise Hardy Remains France's National Treasure|access-date=26 May 2021|date=12 September 2018|last=Beardsley|first=Eleanor|publisher=[[NPR]]|archive-date=28 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628124508/https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647068156/fran-oise-hardy-remains-frances-national-treasure|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime ndị kasị ukwuu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Music of France|egwu France]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monkey&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ otu n’ime ndị na-ese egwu rere ndekọ kacha ukwuu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme France, ebe e rere ihe karịrị nde 7.6 nke ndekọ ya ruo Novemba 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Vente_Artiste.php|language=French|title=Bilan des Ventes globales (Albums &amp; Chansons) par Artiste|access-date=23 May 2021|year=2018|publisher=InfoDisc|first1=Daniel|last1=Lesueur|first2=Dominic|last2=Durand|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160404203703/http://www.infodisc.fr/Vente_Artiste.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye nkatọ America [[Richie Unterberger]] kọwara ya dịka “n’enweghị mgbagha, onye na-ese pop-rock kacha mma sitere na mba ahụ n’afọ iri isii nke 1960s”,&lt;ref name=&quot;originales&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/francoise-hardy-les-versions-originales/|author-link=Richie Unterberger|date=3 December 2015|title=Françoise Hardy: Les Versions Originales|publisher=Folkrocks|access-date=13 May 2021|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513042445/http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/francoise-hardy-les-versions-originales/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma kwuo na ọ ga-achọ ịhụ ka a na-etinye Hardy n’ụlọ nsọ [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-an-alternate-top-ten/|author-link=Richie Unterberger|date=17 June 2014|title=The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: An Alternate Top Ten|publisher=Folkrocks|access-date=13 May 2021|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513043925/http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-an-alternate-top-ten/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 2011, a tinyere Hardy n’ime ''[[Petit Larousse|Le Petit Larousse Illustré]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroISF&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;La pluie..., Hollande et l'ISF&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ afọ mgbe oge kachasị ewu ewu ya n’afọ 1960s gasịrị, a ka na-ewere Hardy dịka onye dị mkpa ma nwee mmetụta n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ejiji.&lt;ref name=&quot;id&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://i-d.co/article/francoise-hardy-most-iconic-outfits-fashion-french-style/|title=7 of Françoise Hardy's most iconic outfits|first=Zoë|last=Kendall|access-date=6 May 2021|date=22 January 2021|work=[[i-D]]|publisher=[[Vice Media]]|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506211343/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/epdqm7/francoise-hardy-most-iconic-outfits-fashion-french-style|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardistes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.journaldesfemmes.fr/mode/styles-de-people/1869854-francoise-hardy-look-tenues-photos/|language=French|access-date=10 May 2021|title=Les looks avant-gardistes de Françoise Hardy|publisher=Le Journal des femmes. [[Groupe Figaro]]|date=29 January 2019|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510204504/https://www.journaldesfemmes.fr/mode/styles-de-people/1869854-francoise-hardy-look-tenues-photos/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;achieve&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;10lessons&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/style-lessons-from-francoise-hardy|work=[[British Vogue]]|access-date=21 May 2021|last=Fearon|first=Faye|title=10 Style Lessons To Take From Françoise Hardy For The Season Ahead|date=17 January 2018|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521183824/https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/style-lessons-from-francoise-hardy|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ na [[Balenciaga]], onye nrụpụta ejiji [[Nicolas Ghesquière]] kọwara ya na ''Vogue'' dịka “ezigbo ọdịdị nke ụdị ejiji France”.&lt;ref name=&quot;achieve&quot; /&gt; Foto ndị na-egosi onye na-abụ abụ ahụ yi uwe ígwè nke [[Paco Rabanne]] mere kpaliri [[Lizzy Gardiner]] n’ichepụta uwe maka ''[[Priscilla, Queen of the Desert]]'' nakwa uwe [[67th Academy Awards|Oscar]] nke ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;gay&quot;/&gt; Hardy bụkwa onye na-enye mmụọ nsọ nye onye nrụpụta Japan [[Rei Kawakubo]], onye kpọrọ akara ejiji ya [[Comme des Garçons]] aha sitere n’otu ahịrịokwu n’abụ “Tous les garçons et les filles”.&lt;ref name=&quot;10lessons&quot;/&gt;

N’oge ọrụ ya niile, Hardy nwetara nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-akwado ya n’etiti [[gay men]], ma obodo ahụ na-ewere ya dịka [[gay icon]]. Ọ kwuru ọtụtụ ugboro na ndị enyi ya na ndị na-akwado ya kacha ntụkwasị obi bụ ndị nwoke nwere mmasị n’ebe nwoke ibe ha nọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;gay&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCxfDwAAQBAJ |title=Gay Icons: The (Mostly) Female Entertainers Gay Men Love |last=Guilbert |first=Georges-Claude |year=2018 |publisher=McFarland |access-date=1 August 2018 |pages=85–86 |isbn=9781476674339 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011218/https://books.google.com/books?id=zCxfDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ahụ mmetụta egwu Hardy n’ọrụ ndị na-ese egwu Francophone dịka [[Coralie Clément]],&lt;ref name=&quot;monkey&quot;/&gt; [[La Femme (band)|La Femme]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rocknfolk.com/albums/la-femme-mystere/8680|title=La Femme: Mystère|language=French|access-date=15 May 2021|work=[[Rock &amp; Folk]]|date=17 September 2016|last=Farkas|first=Basile|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515202138/https://www.rocknfolk.com/albums/la-femme-mystere/8680|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Juliette Armanet]],&lt;ref name=&quot;vanityfair&quot;/&gt; [[Melody's Echo Chamber]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/melodys_echo_chamber_interview|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Melody's Echo Chamber: Location, Location, Location|date=7 September 2012|first=Laura|last=Studarus|work=[[Under the Radar (magazine)|Under the Radar]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515185222/http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/melodys_echo_chamber_interview|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Keren Ann]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2004/music/reviews/keren-ann-1200531509/|title=Keren Ann|date=25 August 2004|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=15 May 2021|last=Sprague|first=David|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515193652/https://variety.com/2004/music/reviews/keren-ann-1200531509/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na [[Carla Bruni]], onye ṅomiri ụdị Hardy mgbe ọ malitere ọrụ egwu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;tentaciones&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tentaciones.elpais.com/2011/11/hardy.html|work=Tentaciones. [[El País]]|language=Spanish|access-date=13 May 2021|date=8 November 2011|title=Françoise Hardy, la más bella del baile|first=Carles|last=Gámez|archive-date=10 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110131838/https://tentaciones.elpais.com/2011/11/hardy.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị odee akọwawo mmetụta ya n’egwu otu [[avant-pop]] Bekee [[Stereolab]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FI3dVT9t34C&amp;pg=PA150|page=150|access-date=11 May 2021|author-link=Simon Reynolds|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|year=2011|title=Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past|isbn=978-0865479944|publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]]|archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011140/https://books.google.com/books?id=8FI3dVT9t34C&amp;pg=PA150#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/where-to-start-stereolab|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Where To Start... Stereolab|date=19 June 2019|work=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512090247/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/where-to-start-stereolab|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụnyere myirịta dị n’etiti olu Hardy na nke onye ndu otu ahụ [[Lætitia Sadier]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/stereolab,-le-retour-dun-groupe-de-rock-aussi-culte-que-meconnu,n6280919.php|language=French|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Stereolab, le retour d'un groupe de rock aussi culte que méconnu|date=8 June 2019|first=Marc|last=Zisman|work=[[Télérama]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511183427/https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/stereolab,-le-retour-dun-groupe-de-rock-aussi-culte-que-meconnu,n6280919.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N’èzí ụwa na-asụ French, a kpọtụrụ Hardy dịka onye nyere mmụọ nsọ nye ọtụtụ ndị nwanyị na-ede ma na-abụ abụ dịka [[Caroline Polachek]], [[Charli XCX]], [[Angel Olsen]], [[Candie Payne]], [[Erin Rae]], [[Heather Trost]], [[Violetta Zironi]], [[Zooey Deschanel]] na [[Cat Power]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monkey&quot;/&gt;

Hardy metụtakwa ọtụtụ ndị na-ese egwu ọzọ dịka [[Broadcast (band)|Broadcast]], [[Goldfrapp]], [[Jeremy Jay]], [[The Chap (band)|The Chap]] na [[Xeno &amp; Oaklander]]. N’otu isiokwu e dere maka Into Creative, onye nduzi ihe nkiri Grant McPhee kọwara ya dịka “nwa agbọghọ nnọchianya maka ndị ihere na-eme na ihe oyiyi nrọ nke na-eme ka ha kwere na ha nwekwara ike ịdị mma ma maa mma.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=French Girl Pop – An Introduction |url=https://intocreative.co.uk/french-girl-pop-an-introduction/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Into Creative |date=24 November 2022 |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103205344/https://intocreative.co.uk/french-girl-pop-an-introduction/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

N’afọ 2021, [[Rivers Cuomo]] nke otu rock America [[Weezer]] kpọrọ Hardy otu n’ime “echiche ụda” ya kacha mkpa,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/weezer-ok-human/|title=Weezer: OK Human Album Review|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=11 May 2021|date=1 February 2021|last=Cohen|first=Ian|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428172855/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/weezer-ok-human/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma kwuo na album ya ''Message personnel'' metụtara ya nke ukwuu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/weezer-new-album-ok-human-all-my-favorite-songs-video-1116969/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=5 June 2021|title=Weezer Preview New LP 'OK Human' With 'All My Favorite Songs'|date=21 January 2021|last1=Kreps|first1=Daniel|last2=Legaspi|first2=Althea|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619134954/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/weezer-new-album-ok-human-all-my-favorite-songs-video-1116969/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Greg Gonzalez]] nke otu [[dream pop]] America [[Cigarettes After Sex]] kpọrọ Hardy otu n’ime mmetụta egwu ya kachasị ukwuu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68IuU4Xnb2Y|access-date=11 May 2021|date=10 January 2018|medium=[[YouTube]]|title=Cigarettes After Sex : &quot; Mes grandes influences ? Françoise Hardy et Erik Satie &quot;|publisher=[[Radio Nova (France)|Radio Nova]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511055948/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68IuU4Xnb2Y|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-ekwu na 2016: “''La question'' zuru oke nke ukwuu; achọrọ m ụdị ịma mma ahụ.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-diehard-romanticism-of-cigarettes-after-sex/|title=The Diehard Romanticism of Cigarettes After Sex|last1=Cacouris|first1=Christina|date=17 February 2016|publisher=Noisey. [[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|access-date=27 October 2016|archive-date=28 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028020323/https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/the-diehard-romanticism-of-cigarettes-after-sex|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Album cult nke 1971, ''La question'', pụtara na ndepụta ''The Guardian'' nke “album 1000 a ga-anụ tupu mmadụ anwụọ”.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/nov/19/1000tohearbeforeyoudie5|work=The Guardian|title=1000 albums to hear before you die: Artists beginning with H (part 1)|access-date=12 May 2021|date=19 November 2007|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011653/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/nov/19/1000tohearbeforeyoudie5|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Album ahụ nwetara [[cult following]] mgbe e wepụtara ya&lt;ref name=&quot;telerama16&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;franceinter&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiehoy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Allermann |first=Juan Ignacio |date=15 October 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy y los 50 años de La question, su obra maestra de culto |url=https://indiehoy.com/indieayer/francoise-hardy-y-los-50-anos-de-la-question-su-obra-maestra-de-culto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016000715/https://indiehoy.com/indieayer/francoise-hardy-y-los-50-anos-de-la-question-su-obra-maestra-de-culto/ |archive-date=16 October 2021 |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=[[Indie Hoy]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma mesịa bụrụ nke a na-ewere dịka elu kachasị elu nke nka Hardy.&lt;ref name=&quot;efequestion&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=30 May 2020 |title=La question (1971), de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.efeeme.com/la-question-1971-de-francoise-hardy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412191312/https://www.efeeme.com/la-question-1971-de-francoise-hardy/ |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=27 April 2021 |publisher=Efe Eme |language=Spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiehoy&quot; /&gt;

N’afọ 2017, Pitchfork tinyere ''Tous les garçons et les filles'' n’ọnọdụ nke iri itoolu (90) n’ime ndepụta ya nke “Album 200 Kachasị Mma nke Afọ 1960s”, ebe Marc Hogan kọwara ya dịka “nguzo siri ike n’etiti ụda egwu rockabilly na echiche miri emi nke ndị France, nke nwanyị kasị maa mma ma bụrụkwa onye na-anọkarị n’azụ ìgwè mmadụ na France nyefere n’ụzọ pụrụ iche.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1960s/?page=6|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|title=The 200 Best Albums of the 1960s|access-date=12 May 2021|date=22 August 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225231319/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1960s/?page=6|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 2023, ''Rolling Stone'' tinyere Hardy n’ọnọdụ nke 162 n’ime ndepụta ya nke Ndị Na-abụ Egwu 200 Kasị Ukwuu n’Oge Niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|title=The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=1 January 2023|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/francoise-hardy-1234642907/|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307220908/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/francoise-hardy-1234642907/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nyocha nke onwe ya banyere ọrụ ya ===

Hardy na-akatọ album mbụ ya abụọ, ''Tous les garçons et les filles'' na ''Le premier bonheur du jour'', n’agbanyeghị nnukwu ewu ewu ha nwere.&lt;ref name=&quot;uncut&quot; /&gt; O kwuru n’ajụjụ ọnụ e mere ya n’afọ 2018 na ọ “na-enwe nnukwu nkụda mmụọ n’ihi na ọchịchọ ya bụ ịnwe guitar eletrik mara mma... Kama nke ahụ, enwere m ndị na-egwu egwu France na-adịghị mma na mmepụta egwu jọgburu onwe ya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;clash&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ọ gara London n’afọ 1963 iji dekọọ album ọhụrụ, o chere na ya enweela ohere “ime ụdị egwu ọzọ, ọ bụghị ụdị egwu igwe ahụ nke m tọrọ n’ime ya.”&lt;ref name=&quot;mortality&quot; /&gt;

N’agbanyeghị na album ndị o wepụtara na mbido afọ 1970s—''La question'', ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', na ''If You Listen''—emeghị nke ọma n’ahịa, Hardy chere na ha gosipụtara nke ọma nkà nka ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt; Karịsịa, o nwere nnukwu mpako banyere ''La question'', ma kwuo n’afọ 2008, sị: “Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwetaghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’etiti ọha mmadụ n’ozuzu ha, enwere m ike ikwu na o metụrụ ụdị ndị na-ege ntị ọzọ aka... Ọtụtụ mgbe, album nwere nnukwu ebumnuche nwere ike ileghara anya mgbe mbụ e wepụtara ya, ma n’ikpeazụ ọ na-adịgide ogologo oge.”&lt;ref name=&quot;HardySeven&quot; /&gt; N’ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''[[The Independent]]'' n’afọ 1996, Hardy kwuru na o kwenyere na ọtụtụ mmadụ amaghị nke ọma nkà ya dịka onye na-ese egwu, nakwa na ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ka ọ na-ekwu maka afọ 1960s na [[the Beatles]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sixties&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==

=== Ezinụlọ ===
[[File:Fanclub1966JacquesDutronc.jpg|thumb|Hardy na onye egwu ibe ya [[Jacques Dutronc]] malitere mmekọrịta ha n’afọ 1967 ma lụọ di na nwunye n’afọ 1981.]]

N’afọ 1962, Hardy malitere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na nke ọrụ ya na onye na-ese foto nke ''Salut Les Copains'', Jean-Marie Périer.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroGarcon&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«L'amour d'un garçon / Peut tout changer»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe58&quot;/&gt; Ha anaghị ebikọ ọnụ, ma n’ihi ọrụ ha, ha na-anọkarị iche ogologo oge, nke metụtara mmekọrịta ahụ n’ụzọ na-adịghị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot;/&gt; Ha kewara n’afọ 1966,&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyFour&quot;/&gt; mana ha gara n’ihu bụrụ ezigbo ndị enyi na ndị mmekọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;parismatch21&quot;/&gt; N’afọ 1967, Hardy malitere mmekọrịta a na-ekwukarị banyere ya n’ihu ọha na eze na onye na-abụ abụ [[Jacques Dutronc]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NightfallJeneusse&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6755_franoise-hardy-ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp.html|title=Françoise HARDY – Ma Jeunesse Fout Le Camp (1967)|author=Waltersmoke|access-date=27 May 2021|date=24 May 2014|language=French|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527030919/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6755_franoise-hardy-ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVoudras&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«Le jour où tu voudras / Je serai là pour toi»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nwa ha naanị ya, nwa nwoke aha ya bụ [[Thomas Dutronc|Thomas]], mụrụ na 16 Juun 1973,&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroThomas&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Thomas, l'enfant de l'amour&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Hardy na Dutronc kwagara n’ụlọ nwere okpukpu atọ dị nso na [[Parc Montsouris]] n’oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroThomas&quot;/&gt; Ezinụlọ ahụ na-aga kwa oge ọkọchị n’ụlọ Dutronc nwere na [[Lumio]] n’agwaetiti [[Corsica]].&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroThomas&quot;/&gt; Mgbe Thomas Dutronc toro, ọ malitekwara ọrụ ya dịka onye egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;resurreccion&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/05/17/actualidad/1463486870_815121.html|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|access-date=29 May 2021|title=La resurrección musical de Françoise Hardy|date=19 May 2016|last=Gámez|first=Carles|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212320/https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/05/17/actualidad/1463486870_815121.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy na Dutronc lụrụ di na nwunye na 30 Maachị 1981 n’emume nzuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ina81&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1981-francoise-hardy-revele-son-opinion-sur-le-mariage/|language=French|access-date=11 May 2021|title=1981, Françoise Hardy révèle son opinion sur le mariage|date=29 March 2021|publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]]|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510042057/https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1981-francoise-hardy-revele-son-opinion-sur-le-mariage/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Hardy si kwuo, ha kwadoro mmekọrịta ha n’iwu n’ihi “ihe gbasara ụtụ isi”,&lt;ref name=&quot;independent05&quot;/&gt; nakwa n’ihi ndụmọdụ onye ọka iwu Hardy nyere ya maka ihe gbasara ahụike na nchekwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ina81&quot;/&gt; Di na nwunye ahụ kewara n’afọ 1988 n’ihi mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ha na ndị ọzọ na nsogbu mmanya Dutronc nwere.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFaim&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVII&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;«ME PASSER DU MYSTÈRE DE MISTER» «Qu'y a-t-il sous votre carapace ? / Quels jardins secrets ? / L'un après l'autre / Tout est passé...»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ha akwụsịghị alụmdi na nwunye ha n’iwu, ma mmekọrịta ha ghọrọ ụdị “enyi pụrụ iche”.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroVII&quot;/&gt; N’afọ 2016, Hardy gwara ''Le Parisien'' na ọbụna mgbe Dutronc nwere onye òtù ọlụlụ ọhụrụ, ọ chọghị ịgba ya alụkwaghịm.&lt;ref name=&quot;parisien16&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/rechanter-sait-on-jamais-06-12-2016-6418329.php|title=VIDEOS. Françoise Hardy : &quot; Rechanter ? Sait-on jamais... &quot;|access-date=29 May 2021|date=6 December 2016|language=French|work=[[Le Parisien]]|last1=((Bureau))|first1=Éric|last2=Jaeglé|first2=Yves|last3=Kastler-Le Scour|first3=Élisabeth|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213816/https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/rechanter-sait-on-jamais-06-12-2016-6418329.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ná mmalite afọ ndị 1980, ọ mụtara na nna ya, onye ọ na-anọghị nso, biri ndụ abụọ dịka nwoke nwoke ibe ya na-achọ n’ime nzuzo, mgbe otu n’ime ndị ntorobịa ọ hụrụ n’anya jiri nkwado ego nna ya na-enye ya mee nganga n’ihu otu n’ime ndị enyi Dutronc.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEleven&quot;/&gt; Nna ya nwụrụ n’ụlọ ọgwụ na 6 Febrụwarị 1981 mgbe e merụsịrị ya ahụ n’ọgụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEleven&quot;/&gt; ma eleghị anya site n’aka otu nwoke na-ere mmekọahụ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/vip/videos-francoise-hardy-se-confie-sur-l-homosexualite-de-son-pere_1764577.html|title=VIDEOS. Françoise Hardy se confie sur l'homosexualité de son père|access-date=10 May 2021|date=17 February 2016|work=[[L'Express]]|language=French|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013023/https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/people/videos-francoise-hardy-se-confie-sur-l-homosexualite-de-son-pere_1764577.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ihe a na-akọghị n’akụkọ mgbasa ozi n’oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroMariage&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Mariage et élections&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Nwanne nwanyị Hardy, Michèle, tolitere n’enweghị ịhụnanya sitere n’aka nne na nna ha, ma nwee omume igbu onwe ya na mgbaàmà nke [[paranoid schizophrenic|paranoid schizophrenia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyFive&quot;/&gt; N’ọnwa Mee 2004, a hụrụ ya nwụrụ anwụ n’ụlọ ya dị na [[L'Île-Rousse]], ma eleghị anya n’ihi igbu onwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEighteen&quot;/&gt;

=== Ahụike na ọnwụ ===

N’agbata njedebe afọ 2004 na mmalite afọ 2005, a chọpụtara na Hardy nwere [[MALT lymphoma]],&lt;ref name=&quot;avisnon&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroDefera&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017 &quot;«Rien ne défera jamais nos liens»&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; nke malitere oge ọ kọwara dịka “oge ọkụ mmụọ” nke gbagburu ndụ ya n’usoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEighteen&quot;/&gt; Ọ natara ọgwụgwọ [[chemotherapy]], nke rụpụtara ezigbo nsonaazụ na mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyEighteen&quot;/&gt; N’ọnwa Maachị 2015, ọnọdụ ahụike ya ka njọ, a kpọbatara ya n’ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe e tinyere ya n’ime [[artificial coma]] ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;figaroavis&quot;/&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ n’ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ gbajiri ikpere ụkwụ na ikpere aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;figaroavis&quot;/&gt; Ọ gwara ''Le Figaro'' n’afọ 2015: “Enwekwara m nnukwu nsogbu n’ịga ije... E nwere oge m na-enweghị ike ịhụ onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ịpụ apụ. Ma ana m anọgide na-enwe olileanya ọma... Ana m ezere iche banyere ya; ọ naghị achịkwa echiche m.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2015/03/04/03005-20150304ARTFIG00318-les-coups-de-griffe-de-francoise-hardy.php|title=Les coups de griffe de Françoise Hardy|language=French|work=[[Le Figaro]]|access-date=26 May 2021|first=Mohammed|last=Aïssaoui|date=4 March 2015|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526181643/https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2015/03/04/03005-20150304ARTFIG00318-les-coups-de-griffe-de-francoise-hardy.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Hardy gara n’ihu ịnata ọgwụgwọ chemotherapy ọzọ na [[immunotherapy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;diseasertl&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/actu/debats-societe/euthanasie-je-ne-peux-rester-a-attendre-que-la-mort-arrive-confie-francoise-hardy-7900017283|language=French|access-date=6 May 2021|title=Euthanasie : &quot;Je ne peux rester à attendre que la mort arrive&quot;, confie Françoise Hardy|first1=Flavie|last1=Flament|first2=Emmanuelle|last2=Brisson|date=7 April 2021|publisher=[[RTL (French radio)|RTL]]|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506053245/https://www.rtl.fr/actu/debats-societe/euthanasie-je-ne-peux-rester-a-attendre-que-la-mort-arrive-confie-francoise-hardy-7900017283|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahụike ya gara n’ihu ịka njọ, ma n’afọ 2021 ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama n’ịkwado iwu ga-eme ka [[physician-assisted suicide]] bụrụ ihe kwere omume na France. O kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ dị iche iche na, ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ya aghọọ ihe na-adịghị anabata ma mee ka ọ ghara ime “ihe ndị ndụ [ya] chọrọ”, ọ ga-achọ euthanasia, ọ bụ ezie na ọ gaghị enwe ohere ime ya n’iwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-l-hymne-a-l-amour-1729389|language=French|access-date=6 May 2021|quote=Quand mon état deviendra encore plus insupportable, je n'aurai, hélas, pas le soulagement de savoir que je peux me faire euthanasier. La France est inhumaine sur ce plan-là.|title=Françoise Hardy: &quot;Je n'ai pas peur de mourir mais j'ai très, très peur de souffrir&quot;|work=[[Paris Match]]|date=17 March 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506053250/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-l-hymne-a-l-amour-1729389|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;diseasertl&quot; /&gt; N’otu afọ ahụkwa, ọ kpughere na ọ pụghịzi ịbụ abụ n’ihi mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ndị ahụ nwere n’ahụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;parismatch21&quot; /&gt;
Hardy nwụrụ n’ihi [[laryngeal cancer]] na Paris na 11 Juun 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 80.&lt;ref name=&quot;lemonde&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/06/11/francoise-hardy-icone-de-la-culture-pop-est-morte_6238944_3382.html|title=Françoise Hardy, icône de la culture pop, est morte|publisher=Le Monde|accessdate=11 June 2024|date=11 June 2024|language=French|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011748/https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/06/11/francoise-hardy-icone-de-la-culture-pop-est-morte_6238944_3382.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọnwụ ya, ọ tara ahụhụ site n’ịda ugboro ugboro na mgbaji ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;lemonde&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/francoise-hardy-french-pop-singer-and-fashion-muse-dies-aged-80|title=Françoise Hardy, French pop singer and fashion muse, dies aged 80|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013919/https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/francoise-hardy-french-pop-singer-and-fashion-muse-dies-aged-80|url-status=live |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwa ya nwoke kwupụtara ọnwụ ya na [[Instagram]], dee, “Mama apụọla...”&lt;ref name=&quot;letempsobit&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Perrin |first1=Oliver |title=Françoise Hardy, notre âme en peine: Hommage Malade depuis deux décennies, la chanteuse et icône de la culture pop s'en est allée à l'âge de 80 ans. Elle était admirée pour son talent, son courage, et sa volonté tenace cachée dans l'ombre de ses doutes susurrés pendant un demi-siècle |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3066988225 |id={{ProQuest|3066988225}}|website=[[Le Temps]] |language=fr |access-date=18 July 2024 |date=13 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; e mere emume ikpeazụ maka ya na [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] n’ụlọ crematorium na columbarium ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Figaro/AFP 2024-06-15&quot;&gt;{{cite news |agency=AFP |title=Les obsèques de Françoise Hardy se tiendront jeudi à Paris |trans-title=The funeral of Françoise Hardy will be held on Thursday in Paris |website=Le Figaro |date=2024-06-15 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/les-obseques-de-francoise-hardy-se-tiendront-jeudi-a-paris-20240615 |language=fr |access-date=2024-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ihe nkiri egwu ahọpụtara==
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em|
* Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Tous les garçons et les filles (album)|Tous les garçons et les filles]] (All The Boys And Girls)'') (1962)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spectrumculture.com/2015/10/27/francoise-hardy-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|title=Françoise Hardy: Tous les garçons et les filles, Le Premier Bonheur du jour, Mon Amie la rose, L'Amitié, La Maison oú j'ai grandi|last1=Paul|first1=John|date=27 October 2015|website=|publisher=Spectrum Culture|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=25 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125230751/http://spectrumculture.com/2015/10/27/francoise-hardy-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy (1963 album)|Le premier bonheur du jour]] (The First Good Time Of The Day)'') (1963)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/202934-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy|title=Françoise Hardy – Françoise Hardy|access-date=4 April 2022|website=Discogs.com|date=1963 |archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324203725/https://www.discogs.com/master/202934-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]] (English: Françoise Hardy Sings For You In Italian'') (1963)&lt;ref&gt;Catalogue number: LPJ 5034.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Mon amie la rose (album)|Mon amie la rose]] (My Friend The Rose'') (1964)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Jones (journalist) |last2= Jopling |first2= Norman |date=27 February 1965 |title=Francoise Hardy |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/65/Record-Mirror-1965-02-27-S-OCR.pdf |magazine=[[Record Mirror]] |issue=207 |page=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401225353/https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/65/Record-Mirror-1965-02-27-S-OCR.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2022|access-date=17 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[L'amitié]] (Friendship'') (1965)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ariza Lázaro |first=Sergio |date=17 January 2017 |title=Las 10 mejores canciones de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.diariocritico.com/musica/francoise-hardy-mejores-canciones |access-date=26 March 2021 |publisher=Diariocrítico.com |language=Spanish |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130054053/https://www.diariocritico.com/musica/francoise-hardy-mejores-canciones |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Françoise Hardy Sings in English|In English]]'' (1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Jones (journalist) |last2= Jopling |first2= Norman |date=14 May 1966 |title=Francoise Hardy: ''Sings in English'' |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/66/Record-Mirror-1966-05-14.pdf |magazine=[[Record Mirror]] |issue=270 |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401225734/https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/66/Record-Mirror-1966-05-14.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2022|access-date=18 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[La maison où j'ai grandi (album)|La maison où j'ai grandi]] (The House Where I Grew Up)'') (1966)&lt;ref&gt;[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r330373|pure_url=yes}} Maison Ou J'ai Grandi – overview], [[Allmusic]].  Accessed on line 1 May 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...]] (My Youth Is Leaving...)'' (1967)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149|language=French|title=Les trésors de nos discothèques. Françoise Hardy a chanté tant de belles choses|last=Trodaec|first=Michel|date=8 April 2020|work=[[Ouest-France]]|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213817/https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy (1968 album)|Comment te dire adieu]] (How To Say Goodbye To You)'') (1968)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754|title = Cover versions of It Hurts to Say Goodbye by Margaret Whiting &amp;#124; SecondHandSongs|website = SecondHandSongs|access-date = 11 June 2024|archive-date = 8 October 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081008023158/http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754|url-status = live|accessdate = 4 June 2026|archivedate = 8 October 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081008023158/http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abọm na-enweghị aha ([[La question (album)|''La Question'']] (''The Question'') (1971)&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 19&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[Personne d'autre]] (Nobody Else)'' (2018)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|title=Personne d&quot;Autre – Françoise Hardy|publisher=AllMusic.com|last=Jurek|first=Thom|accessdate=23 May 2018|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Ihe nkiri==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Year
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Title
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Role
!Director
!scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1963
!scope=row| ''[[Château en Suède|Nutty, Naughty Chateau]] (Château en Suède)''
| Ophélie
| [[Roger Vadim]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| —
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 1964
!scope=row| ''[[The Hully Gully Boys]]'' ({{ill|I Ragazzi Dell'Hully Gully|it|italic=yes}})
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Herself
| Marcello Giannini na [[Carlo Infascelli]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| onye na-eme egwu
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;ragazzi&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 1965
!scope=row| ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone|This Crazy, Crazy World of Song]] (Questo Pazzo, Pazzo Mondo Della Canzone)''
| [[Bruno Corbucci]] na [[Giovanni Grimaldi]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;questo&quot;/&gt;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[What's New Pussycat?]]''
| Mayor's secretary
| [[Clive Donner]]
| ọdịdị cameo
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Deluxe60&quot;/&gt;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Altissima pressione|Highest Pressure]] (Altissima Pressione)''
| Herself
| [[Enzo Trapani]]
| onye na-eme egwu
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;larkin&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 1966
!scope=row| ''[[Une balle au cœur|Devil at My Heels]] (Une balle au cœur)''
| Anna
| [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| —
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;HardyThree&quot;/&gt;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Masculin Féminin|Masculine Feminine]]''
| American officer's companion
| [[Jean-Luc Godard]]
| ọdịdị cameo
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;godard&quot;/&gt;
|-
!scope=row| ''Europe Sing (Europa Canta)''
| Herself
| [[José Luis Merino]]
| onye na-eme egwu
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;larkin&quot;/&gt;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]''
| Lisa
| [[John Frankenheimer]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| —
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;QuioneroCineaste&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 1968
!scope=row| ''[[Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose|Monte Carlo: It's The Rose]] (Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose)''
| Herself
| [[Michael Pfleghar]]
| ihe ngosi telivishọn pụrụ iche
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;larkin&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 1969
!scope=row| ''The Man Who Came From Cher (L'Homme Qui Venait du Cher)''
| Suzanne
| Pierre Desfons
| ihe nkiri telivishọn
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;cher&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 1972
!scope=row| ''[[The Doves]]'' ({{ill|Les Colombes|fr|italic=yes}})
| Young hippie
| [[Jean-Claude Lord]]
| ọdịdị cameo
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;colombes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Ramond |first=Charles-Henri |date=6 October 2020 |title=Colombes, Les – Film de Jean-Claude Lord |trans-title=The Doves – Film by Jean-Claude Lord |url=https://www.filmsquebec.com/films/colombes-jean-claude-lord/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521075854/https://www.filmsquebec.com/films/colombes-jean-claude-lord/ |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |publisher=Films du Québec |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1976
!scope=row| ''[[Second Chance (1976 film)|If I Had to Do It All Over Again]] (Si C'Était à Refaire)''
| Herself
| [[Claude Lelouch]]
| onye na-eme egwu
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;QuinoneroFilmography&quot;&gt;Quinonero, 2017, &quot;Annexe: Filmographie&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Ọrụ ebipụtara==
;Ọgụgụ Eluigwe
* ''Le grand livre de la Vierge (The Great Book Of The Virgin'') (ya na Béatrice Guénin) (1979)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://booknode.com/le_grand_livre_de_la_vierge_0264192|title=Le grand livre de la Vierge|publisher=Booknode|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505163334/http://booknode.com/le_grand_livre_de_la_vierge_0264192|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Entre les lignes, entre les signes (Between The Lines, Between The Signs)'' (ya na Anne-Marie Simond) (1986)
* ''L'astrologie universelle (Universal Astrology)'' (1987)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=L'astrologie universelle: Le zodiaque comme vous ne l'avez jamais vu (French Edition) |trans-title=Universal Astrology: The Zodiac as You've Never Seen It (French Edition) |url=https://www.abebooks.com/Lastrologie-universelle-zodiaque-lavez-jamais-French/31468886569/bd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012204/https://www.abebooks.com/Lastrologie-universelle-zodiaque-lavez-jamais-French/31468886569/bd |archive-date=12 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Abe books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Les rythmes du zodiaque (The Rhythms Of The Zodiac)'' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://mediatheque.chartres.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/185255/les-rythmes-du-zodiaque-francoise-hardy?_lg=en-US|title=Les rythmes du zodiaque / Françoise Hardy|date=2003 |publisher=Madiatheque|isbn=978-2-7491-0101-9 |accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012254/https://mediatheque.chartres.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/185255/les-rythmes-du-zodiaque-francoise-hardy?_lg=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo
* ''Notes secrètes: entretiens avec Eric Dumont (Secret Notes: Interviews With Eric Dumont)'' (1991) (ajụjụ ọnụ)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Notes secrètes : Françoise Hardy : entretiens avec Eric Dumont|publisher=Worldcat |oclc=30916651 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles (The Despair Of The Monkeys... And Other Trifles)'' (2008) (akụkọ ndụ onwe onye)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Le désespoir des singes et autres bagatelles |trans-title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles |url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303034056/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Babelio |archivedate=3 March 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303034056/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Avis non autorisés... (Unauthorized Reviews...)'' (2015) (edemede)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/9782290130124/Avis-autoris%C3%A9s-Documents-11527-French-2290130125/plp|title=Avis non autorisés|publisher=Abebooks|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012210/https://www.abebooks.com/9782290130124/Avis-autoris%C3%A9s-Documents-11527-French-2290130125/plp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Un cadeau du ciel... (A Gift From Heaven...)'' (2016) (essay)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592|title=Un cadeau du ciel|publisher=Babelio|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815104001/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592|url-status=live|archivedate=15 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815104001/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Chansons sur toi et nous (Songs About You And Us)'' (2021) (akwụkwọ egwu)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chansons sur toi et nous |trans-title=Songs about you and us |url=https://www.jailu.com/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous/9782290359761 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128223341/https://www.jailu.com/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous/9782290359761 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Jailu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Akwụkwọ akụkọ
* ''L'amour fou (Crazy Love)'' (2014)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=12925998800&amp;cm_sp=plp-_-9782290070703-_-new|title=L'amour fou|publisher=Abebooks|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012251/https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=12925998800&amp;cm_sp=plp-_-9782290070703-_-new|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hụkwa==
*[[Ejiji ndị France]]
*[[Egwu rock na France]]
*[[Ndepụta ndị na-agụ kpakpando (astrologers)]]
*[[Ndepụta ndị na-ese ma ọ bụ na-eme egwu baroque pop]]
*[[Ndepụta ndị na-ese ma ọ bụ na-eme egwu folk rock]]
*[[Ndepụta ndị na-abụ abụ France]]
*[[Ndepụta ndị na-abụ abụ yé-yé]]

==Edensibia==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Ndekọ Akwụkwọ==
* {{cite book|title=Sounds French: Globalization, Cultural Communities, and Pop Music in France, 1958–1980|first=Jonathyne|last=Briggs|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0199377060}}
* {{cite book|last=Deluxe|first=Jean-Emmanuel|publisher=[[Feral House]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1936239719|title=Yé-Yé Girls of '60s French Pop}}
* {{cite book|title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles: A Memoir by Françoise Hardy|last=Hardy|first=Françoise |year=2018|translator-last1=Graham|translator-first1=Jon E.|publisher=[[Feral House]]|trans-title= Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles|orig-year=2008|isbn=978-1-62731-0734|type=eBook}}
* {{cite book
| last      = Lesueur
| first     = Daniel
| title     = Françoise Hardy: Catch a Rising Star
| publisher = Camion Blanc
| year      = 2015
| isbn      = 978-2357797666
| url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=a8aZCwAAQBAJ
| language  = fr
| access-date = 31 May 2021
}}
* {{cite book|last=Quinonero|first=Frédéric|year=2017|language=French|publisher=Éditions l'Archipel|title=Françoise Hardy, un long chant d'amour|isbn=978-2809822267|type=eBook}}

==Njikọ mpụga==
{{commons}}
* {{Official website|http://www.francoise-hardy.com/}} {{in lang|fr}}
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000186594|label=Françoise Hardy}}
* [https://www.discogs.com/artist/457980-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy Françoise Hardy] na [[Discogs]]
* {{IMDb name|id=0362634|name=Françoise Hardy}}
* [https://www.last.fm/music/Fran%C3%A7oise+Hardy Françoise Hardy] na [[Last.fm]]
* [https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/11186/francoise-hardy/ Françoise Hardy] na [[Official Charts Company]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hardy, Francoise}}
[[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jeheskel Shoshani</title>
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      <text bytes="3992" sha1="jq49bh6p75ibdsxw0363efmc3f8vw4r" xml:space="preserve">'''Jeheskel &quot;Hezy&quot; Shoshani''' (Hebrew; Jenụwarị 23, afọ 1943 – ọnwa Mee 21, 2008) bụ ọka mmụta sayensị gbasara {{ill|evolution|en}} nke anụmanụ. Ọ gụrụ banyere enyi na ụdị anụmanụ ndị yiri ha ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ na ise.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
=== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ===
A mụrụ Shoshani na [[Tel Aviv]], Israel, mana o nwere Ụmụ amaala abụọ na United States. Mmasị ya n'ebe enyí nọ malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru nke Willis Lindquist's Burma Boy, nke kọrọ akụkọ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwata nwoke na enyí.
 
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-elekọta zoo na Tel Aviv Zoo  wee bụrụ onye isi na-elekọta zook n'afọ 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta banyere enyí na Sri Lanka na [[Kenya]]  tupu ọ kwaga [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] n'afọ 1968  wee ghọọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Wayne State n'ihe dị ka afọ 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt; Shoshani guzobere Elephant Interest Group (nke e mechara mara dị ka Elephant Research Foundation) n'ọnwa Junn afọ 1977, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; ma bụrụkwa naanị ''Enyí'' nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Elephant (nke bụbu Elephant Newsletter), maka ọtụtụ n'ime oge ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; O guzobekwara Elephant Research Foundation Library, nke o si na ya chịkọta ma depụta ihe ndị e bipụtara na ihe ncheta, ngosipụta, na ihe ndị metụtara enyí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoski 2018&quot; /&gt; E nyere Shoshani Ph.D. ya na mahadum n'afọ 1986  ma kụzie ebe ahụ mgbe ya na nwunye ya Sandra bi na anụ ụlọ ha bụ hyrax  ruo mgbe ọ kwagara [[Eritrea]] n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shoshani 1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eltringham 1991&quot; /&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị nke ọma nke enyí ọhịa Afrịka nke esemokwu dị n'etiti Eritrea na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na-eyi egwu   ma kụzie na Mahadum Asmara ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; N'inwe nchegbu banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ókèala Eritrea-Ethiopia,  ọ kwagara Etiopia n'afọ 2007 iji gaa n'ihu na nyocha ya, ma kụzie na Mahadum Addis Ababa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Nnyocha ===
N'oge ndụ ya, Shoshani bipụtara ihe karịrị 168 edemede sayensị na akwụkwọ gbasara enyí.  Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na anatomy na taxonomy ha, mana ọ mụtakwara taxa ndị ọzọ dị ka primates. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ duziri nyocha dị ukwuu nke enyí Sri Lanka dị afọ 46 aha ya bụ Iki site na 1980 ruo 1988, &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; so dee akwụkwọ ndị dị ịrịba amị na ụbụrụ enyí &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; na ọhụụ,  ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye so dee mpịakọta encyclopedic abụọ gbasara enyí na ndị ikwu ha: teknụzụ The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, na Elephants: Majestic Creatures of The Wild. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam na-ahụ maka ịkpọ aha ọtụtụ proboscidean taxa, gụnyere suborder Plesielephantiformes,  ezinụlọ Numidotheriidae,  na ụdị &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwqQ&quot;&gt;Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Ọnwụ na ihe ncheta ==
Shoshani so n'ọtụtụ mmadụ e gburu n'ihe mgbawa metụtara iyi ọha egwu n'ime ụgbọala bọs na-ebu ọtụtụ mmadụ n'etiti obodo Addis Ababa, dị na Ethiopia, n'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 2008.  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ndị nduzi nke Elephant Research Foundation gbanwere aha ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ The Jeheskel (Hezy) Shoshani Library Endowed Collection iji cheta nyocha ya,  ma ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,100.  A gụrụ amebelodontid ''Eurybelodon shoshanii'' aha iji sọpụrụ ya n'afọ 2016. 

== Edensịbịa ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>jq49bh6p75ibdsxw0363efmc3f8vw4r</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>725816</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="3991" sha1="l24kvk132jf9xridm9wtd30h9tsrg97" xml:space="preserve">'''Jeheskel &quot;Hezy&quot; Shoshani''' (Hebrew; Jenụwarị 23, afọ 1943 – ọnwa Mee 21, 2008) bụ ọka mmụta sayensị gbasara {{ill|evolution|en}} nke anụmanụ. Ọ gụrụ banyere enyi na ụdị anụmanụ ndị yiri ha ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ na ise.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
=== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ===
A mụrụ Shoshani na [[Tel Aviv]], Israel, mana o nwere Ụmụ amaala abụọ na United States. Mmasị ya n'ebe enyí nọ malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru nke Willis Lindquist's Burma Boy, nke kọrọ akụkọ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwata nwoke na enyí.
 
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-elekọta zoo na Tel Aviv Zoo  wee bụrụ onye isi na-elekọta zook n'afọ 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta banyere enyí na Sri Lanka na [[Kenya]]  tupu ọ kwaga [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] n'afọ 1968  wee ghọọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Wayne State n'ihe dị ka afọ 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt; Shoshani guzobere Elephant Interest Group (nke e mechara mara dị ka Elephant Research Foundation) n'ọnwa Junn afọ 1977, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; ma bụrụkwa naanị ''Enyí'' nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Elephant (nke bụbu Elephant Newsletter), maka ọtụtụ n'ime oge ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; O guzobekwara Elephant Research Foundation Library, nke o si na ya chịkọta ma depụta ihe ndị e bipụtara na ihe ncheta, ngosipụta, na ihe ndị metụtara enyí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoski 2018&quot; /&gt; E nyere Shoshani Ph.D. ya na mahadum n'afọ 1986  ma kụzie ebe ahụ mgbe ya na nwunye ya Sandra bi na anụ ụlọ ha bụ hyrax  ruo mgbe ọ kwagara [[Eritrea]] n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shoshani 1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eltringham 1991&quot; /&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị nke ọma nke enyí ọhịa Afrịka nke esemokwu dị n'etiti Eritrea na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na-eyi egwu   ma kụzie na Mahadum Asmara ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; N'inwe nchegbu banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ókèala Eritrea-Ethiopia,  ọ kwagara Etiopia n'afọ 2007 iji gaa n'ihu na nyocha ya, ma kụzie na Mahadum Addis Ababa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Nnyocha ===
N'oge ndụ ya, Shoshani bipụtara ihe karịrị 168 edemede sayensị na akwụkwọ gbasara enyí.  Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na anatomy na taxonomy ha, mana ọ mụtakwara taxa ndị ọzọ dị ka primates. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ duziri nyocha dị ukwuu nke enyí Sri Lanka dị afọ 46 aha ya bụ Iki site na 1980 ruo 1988,&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; so dee akwụkwọ ndị dị ịrịba amị na ụbụrụ enyí &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; na ọhụụ,  ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye so dee mpịakọta encyclopedic abụọ gbasara enyí na ndị ikwu ha: teknụzụ The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, na Elephants: Majestic Creatures of The Wild. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam na-ahụ maka ịkpọ aha ọtụtụ proboscidean taxa, gụnyere suborder Plesielephantiformes,  ezinụlọ Numidotheriidae,  na ụdị &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwqQ&quot;&gt;Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Ọnwụ na ihe ncheta ==
Shoshani so n'ọtụtụ mmadụ e gburu n'ihe mgbawa metụtara iyi ọha egwu n'ime ụgbọala bọs na-ebu ọtụtụ mmadụ n'etiti obodo Addis Ababa, dị na Ethiopia, n'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 2008.  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ndị nduzi nke Elephant Research Foundation gbanwere aha ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ The Jeheskel (Hezy) Shoshani Library Endowed Collection iji cheta nyocha ya,  ma ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,100.  A gụrụ amebelodontid ''Eurybelodon shoshanii'' aha iji sọpụrụ ya n'afọ 2016. 

== Edensịbịa ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3999" sha1="ppzc8gx6sm4d3w0w28g4b89430pwajc" xml:space="preserve">'''Jeheskel &quot;Hezy&quot; Shoshani''' (Hebrew; Jenụwarị 23, afọ 1943 – ọnwa Mee 21, 2008) bụ ọka mmụta sayensị nke gbasara {{ill|evolution|en}} ụmụ anụmanụ. Ọ gụrụ banyere enyi na ụdị anụmanụ ndị yiri ha ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ na ise.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
=== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ===
A mụrụ Shoshani na [[Tel Aviv]], Israel, mana o nwere Ụmụ amaala abụọ na United States. Mmasị ya n'ebe enyí nọ malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru nke Willis Lindquist's Burma Boy, nke kọrọ akụkọ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwata nwoke na enyí.
 
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-elekọta zoo na Tel Aviv Zoo  wee bụrụ onye isi na-elekọta zook n'afọ 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta banyere enyí na Sri Lanka na [[Kenya]]  tupu ọ kwaga [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] n'afọ 1968  wee ghọọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Wayne State n'ihe dị ka afọ 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt; Shoshani guzobere Elephant Interest Group (nke e mechara mara dị ka Elephant Research Foundation) n'ọnwa Junn afọ 1977, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; ma bụrụkwa naanị ''Enyí'' nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Elephant (nke bụbu Elephant Newsletter), maka ọtụtụ n'ime oge ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; O guzobekwara Elephant Research Foundation Library, nke o si na ya chịkọta ma depụta ihe ndị e bipụtara na ihe ncheta, ngosipụta, na ihe ndị metụtara enyí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoski 2018&quot; /&gt; E nyere Shoshani Ph.D. ya na mahadum n'afọ 1986  ma kụzie ebe ahụ mgbe ya na nwunye ya Sandra bi na anụ ụlọ ha bụ hyrax  ruo mgbe ọ kwagara [[Eritrea]] n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shoshani 1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eltringham 1991&quot; /&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị nke ọma nke enyí ọhịa Afrịka nke esemokwu dị n'etiti Eritrea na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na-eyi egwu   ma kụzie na Mahadum Asmara ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; N'inwe nchegbu banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ókèala Eritrea-Ethiopia,  ọ kwagara Etiopia n'afọ 2007 iji gaa n'ihu na nyocha ya, ma kụzie na Mahadum Addis Ababa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Nnyocha ===
N'oge ndụ ya, Shoshani bipụtara ihe karịrị 168 edemede sayensị na akwụkwọ gbasara enyí.  Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na anatomy na taxonomy ha, mana ọ mụtakwara taxa ndị ọzọ dị ka primates. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ duziri nyocha dị ukwuu nke enyí Sri Lanka dị afọ 46 aha ya bụ Iki site na 1980 ruo 1988,&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; so dee akwụkwọ ndị dị ịrịba amị na ụbụrụ enyí &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; na ọhụụ,  ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye so dee mpịakọta encyclopedic abụọ gbasara enyí na ndị ikwu ha: teknụzụ The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, na Elephants: Majestic Creatures of The Wild. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam na-ahụ maka ịkpọ aha ọtụtụ proboscidean taxa, gụnyere suborder Plesielephantiformes,  ezinụlọ Numidotheriidae,  na ụdị &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwqQ&quot;&gt;Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Ọnwụ na ihe ncheta ==
Shoshani so n'ọtụtụ mmadụ e gburu n'ihe mgbawa metụtara iyi ọha egwu n'ime ụgbọala bọs na-ebu ọtụtụ mmadụ n'etiti obodo Addis Ababa, dị na Ethiopia, n'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 2008.  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ndị nduzi nke Elephant Research Foundation gbanwere aha ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ The Jeheskel (Hezy) Shoshani Library Endowed Collection iji cheta nyocha ya,  ma ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,100.  A gụrụ amebelodontid ''Eurybelodon shoshanii'' aha iji sọpụrụ ya n'afọ 2016. 

== Edensịbịa ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="4001" sha1="6ctz58mnaqeq5gxwm6vwsivr6xwhtzl" xml:space="preserve">'''Jeheskel &quot;Hezy&quot; Shoshani''' (Hebrew; Jenụwarị 23, afọ 1943 – ọnwa Mee 21, 2008) bụ ọka mmụta sayensị nke gbasara {{ill|evolution|en}} ụmụ anụmanụ. Ọ gụrụ banyere enyi na ụdị anụmanụ ndị yiri ha ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ na ise.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
=== Mmalite ndụ na ọrụ ===
A mụrụ Shoshani na [[Tel Aviv]], Israel, mana o nwere Ụmụ amaala abụọ na United States. Mmasị ya n'ebe enyí nọ malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru nke Willis Lindquist's Burma Boy, nke kọrọ akụkọ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwata nwoke na enyí.
 
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-elekọta zoo na Tel Aviv Zoo  wee bụrụ onye isi na-elekọta zook n'afọ 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta banyere enyí na Sri Lanka na [[Kenya]]  tupu ọ kwaga [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] n'afọ 1968  wee ghọọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Wayne State n'ihe dị ka afọ 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt; Shoshani guzobere Elephant Interest Group (nke e mechara mara dị ka Elephant Research Foundation) n'ọnwa Junn afọ 1977, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; ma bụrụkwa naanị ''Enyí'' nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Elephant (nke bụbu Elephant Newsletter), maka ọtụtụ n'ime oge ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; O guzobekwara Elephant Research Foundation Library, nke o si na ya chịkọta ma depụta ihe ndị e bipụtara na ihe ncheta, ngosipụta, na ihe ndị metụtara enyí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoski 2018&quot; /&gt; E nyere Shoshani Ph.D. ya na mahadum n'afọ 1986  ma kụzie ebe ahụ mgbe ya na nwunye ya Sandra bi na anụ ụlọ ha bụ hyrax  ruo mgbe ọ kwagara [[Eritrea]] n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shoshani 1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eltringham 1991&quot; /&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị nke ọma nke enyí ọhịa Afrịka nke esemokwu dị n'etiti Eritrea na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na-eyi egwu   ma kụzie na Mahadum Asmara ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; N'inwe nchegbu banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ókèala Eritrea-Ethiopia,  ọ kwagara Etiopia n'afọ 2007 iji gaa n'ihu na nyocha ya, ma kụzie na Mahadum Addis Ababa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Nnyocha ===
N'oge ndụ ya, Shoshani bipụtara ihe karịrị 168 edemede sayensị na akwụkwọ gbasara enyí.  Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na anatomy na taxonomy ha, mana ọ mụtakwara taxa ndị ọzọ dị ka primates. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ duziri nyocha dị ukwuu nke enyí Sri Lanka dị afọ 46 aha ya bụ Iki site na 1980 ruo 1988,&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; so dee akwụkwọ ndị dị ịrịba amị na ụbụrụ enyí &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; na ọhụụ,  ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye so dee mpịakọta encyclopedic abụọ gbasara enyí na ndị ikwu ha: teknụzụ The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, na Elephants: Majestic Creatures of The Wild. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam na-ahụ maka ịkpọ aha ọtụtụ proboscidean taxa, gụnyere suborder Plesielephantiformes,  ezinụlọ Numidotheriidae,  na ụdị &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwqQ&quot;&gt;Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Ọnwụ na ihe ncheta ==
Shoshani so n'ọtụtụ mmadụ e gburu n'ihe mgbawa metụtara iyi ọha egwu n'ime ụgbọala bọs na-ebu ọtụtụ mmadụ n'etiti obodo Addis Ababa, dị na Ethiopia, n'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 2008.  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ndị nduzi nke Elephant Research Foundation gbanwere aha ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ The Jeheskel (Hezy) Shoshani Library Endowed Collection iji cheta nyocha ya,  ma ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,100.  A gụrụ amebelodontid ''Eurybelodon shoshanii'' aha iji sọpụrụ ya n'afọ 2016. 

== Edensịbịa ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4005" sha1="oq9tcvnw8teyj795igl5ehq1g2kpc9p" xml:space="preserve">'''Jeheskel &quot;Hezy&quot; Shoshani''' (Hebrew; Jenụwarị 23, afọ 1943 – ọnwa Mee 21, 2008) bụ ọka mmụta sayensị nke gbasara {{ill|evolution|en}} ụmụ anụmanụ. Ọ gụrụ banyere enyi na ụdị anụmanụ ndị yiri ha ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ na ise.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
=== Mmalite ndụ na ọrụ ===
A mụrụ Shoshani na [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]], mana o nwere Ụmụ amaala abụọ na United States. Mmasị ya n'ebe enyí nọ malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru nke Willis Lindquist's Burma Boy, nke kọrọ akụkọ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwata nwoke na enyí.
 
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-elekọta zoo na Tel Aviv Zoo  wee bụrụ onye isi na-elekọta zook n'afọ 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta banyere enyí na Sri Lanka na [[Kenya]]  tupu ọ kwaga [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] n'afọ 1968  wee ghọọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Wayne State n'ihe dị ka afọ 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt; Shoshani guzobere Elephant Interest Group (nke e mechara mara dị ka Elephant Research Foundation) n'ọnwa Junn afọ 1977, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; ma bụrụkwa naanị ''Enyí'' nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Elephant (nke bụbu Elephant Newsletter), maka ọtụtụ n'ime oge ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; O guzobekwara Elephant Research Foundation Library, nke o si na ya chịkọta ma depụta ihe ndị e bipụtara na ihe ncheta, ngosipụta, na ihe ndị metụtara enyí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoski 2018&quot; /&gt; E nyere Shoshani Ph.D. ya na mahadum n'afọ 1986  ma kụzie ebe ahụ mgbe ya na nwunye ya Sandra bi na anụ ụlọ ha bụ hyrax  ruo mgbe ọ kwagara [[Eritrea]] n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shoshani 1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eltringham 1991&quot; /&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị nke ọma nke enyí ọhịa Afrịka nke esemokwu dị n'etiti Eritrea na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na-eyi egwu   ma kụzie na Mahadum Asmara ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; N'inwe nchegbu banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ókèala Eritrea-Ethiopia,  ọ kwagara Etiopia n'afọ 2007 iji gaa n'ihu na nyocha ya, ma kụzie na Mahadum Addis Ababa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Nnyocha ===
N'oge ndụ ya, Shoshani bipụtara ihe karịrị 168 edemede sayensị na akwụkwọ gbasara enyí.  Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na anatomy na taxonomy ha, mana ọ mụtakwara taxa ndị ọzọ dị ka primates. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ duziri nyocha dị ukwuu nke enyí Sri Lanka dị afọ 46 aha ya bụ Iki site na 1980 ruo 1988,&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; so dee akwụkwọ ndị dị ịrịba amị na ụbụrụ enyí &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; na ọhụụ,  ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye so dee mpịakọta encyclopedic abụọ gbasara enyí na ndị ikwu ha: teknụzụ The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, na Elephants: Majestic Creatures of The Wild. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam na-ahụ maka ịkpọ aha ọtụtụ proboscidean taxa, gụnyere suborder Plesielephantiformes,  ezinụlọ Numidotheriidae,  na ụdị &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwqQ&quot;&gt;Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Ọnwụ na ihe ncheta ==
Shoshani so n'ọtụtụ mmadụ e gburu n'ihe mgbawa metụtara iyi ọha egwu n'ime ụgbọala bọs na-ebu ọtụtụ mmadụ n'etiti obodo Addis Ababa, dị na Ethiopia, n'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 2008.  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ndị nduzi nke Elephant Research Foundation gbanwere aha ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ The Jeheskel (Hezy) Shoshani Library Endowed Collection iji cheta nyocha ya,  ma ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,100.  A gụrụ amebelodontid ''Eurybelodon shoshanii'' aha iji sọpụrụ ya n'afọ 2016. 

== Edensịbịa ==
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