Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2360 727745 171522 2026-09-24T22:30:41Z ~2026-51424-95 66597 727745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Njikọ̀taọ̀hà Amerika''' bu ala no n'ime obodo ukwu adi-kpo ''[[Olile anyanwu Amerika]]''. Obu enyi [[Kánada]] ma ndi [[bekee]] (n'oge nka). Mgbe ufodu, ana kpo ya ''US'', ''USA'', na ''[[Amerika]]'' kwaa. Ndi [[bekee]] bu ndi bidoro ya na mgbe gara-aga, bụo [[Diạlạ Amerika]] bu ndi nola nga mbu. N'oge nka, obodo ahu bu ndi shi ike n'uwa. [[Usòrò:United States Administrative Divisions.png|550px|center]] {| width="100%" |width="16.66%"| '''States''' <ol start=1> <li>[[Alabama]] <li>[[Àláskà]] <li>[[Arizona]] <li>[[Arkinsọ]] <li>[[Áyowạ]] <li>[[California]] <li>[[Colorado]] <li>[[Déláwè]] <li>[[Flórídạ]] <li>[[Hawaii]] <li>[[Ilinoi]] </ol> |width="16.66%" valign="top"| &nbsp; <ol start=11> <li>[[Jorjiạ]] <li>[[Kánzạs]] <li>[[Kentórkị]] <li>[[Kónétíkùt]] <li>[[Luwisiánà]] <li>[[Massachusetts]] <li>[[Mën]] <li>[[Mérílạnd]] </ol> |width="16.66%" valign="top"| &nbsp; <ol start=21> <li>[[Michigan]] <li>[[Minnesota]] <li>[[Mississippi]] <li>[[Missouri]] <li>[[Montana]] <li>[[Ndiánà]] <li>[[Nebraska]] <li>[[Nevada]] <li>[[New Hampshire]] <li>[[New Jersey]] </ol> |width="16.66%" valign="top"| &nbsp; <ol start=31> <li>[[New-Mexico]] <li>[[New York]] <li>[[North-Carolina]] <li>[[North-Dakota]] <li>[[Ohio]] <li>[[Oklahoma]] <li>[[Oregon]] <li>[[Pennsylvania]] <li>[[Rhode Island]] <li>[[South-Carolina]] </ol> |width="16.66%" valign="top"| &nbsp; <ol start=41> <li>[[South-Dakota]] <li>[[Tennessee]] <li>[[Texas]] <li>[[Utah]] <li>[[Vermont]] <li>[[Virginia]] <li>[[Washington (state)|Washington]] <li>[[West-Virginia]] <li>[[Wisconsin]] <li>[[Wyoming]] </ol> |width="16.66%" valign="top"| '''Obodo ozo ha nwe''' <ol start=51> <li>[[Amerikan-Samoa]] <li>[[Amerikan Virgin Island]] <li>[[Guam]] <li>[[Northern Mariana Islands]] <li>[[Puerto Rico]] </ol> '''Íshí oche''' * [[Washington, D.C.]] |} ==Lee nke ozo== * [[Olile anyanwu Amerika]] * [[Kánada]] ==Jikodo na ga ezí== * [http://www.usa.gov/ Ndi government Emerika] {{Ala no n'ime Olile Anyanwu Amerikạ}} [[Òtù:Njikota Obodo Amerika| ]] [[Òtù:Olile anyanwu Amerika]] okedukvz7o6sjbfiv4bsmpsdhsgwiln 0 7958 727832 117939 2026-09-25T05:24:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox disease | Name = Iwepu afọ ime | Image =Abortion Laws.svg | Width = 350 | Caption =Abortion laws globally<ref name="UN2013info">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/policy/WorldAbortionPolicies2013/WorldAbortionPolicies2013_WallChart.pdf|title=World Abortion Policies 2013|publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|accessdate=31 July 2013}}</ref> {{leftlegend|#3465a4|Legal on request}} {{leftlegend|#73d216|Legal with justification}} {{leftlegend|#edd400|Illegal except for maternal life, health, rape, or fetal defects}} {{leftlegend|#c17d11|Illegal except for maternal life, health, or rape}} {{leftlegend|#f57900|Illegal except for maternal life or health}} {{leftlegend|#cc0000|Illegal, no exceptions}} {{leftlegend|#2e3436|Varies}} {{leftlegend|#b9b9b9|No information}} | ICD10 = {{ICD10|O|04||o|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|779.6}} | DiseasesDB = 4153 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 002912 | eMedicineSubj = article | eMedicineTopic = 252560 | MeshID = }} <!-- Terminology --> ''' Iwepu afọ ime '''bụ iwepụ nwa dị n’afọ nke nwaanyị [[site n'iwepụ ya n’ike|n’akpa nwa]] mgbe orubeghị [[oge|okwesịrị iji pụta]] [[]][[]][[|]] Iwepu afọ ime nwere ike ime n’ụzọ dị iche iche [[nke n’ụzọ ọbụla osiri mee a na-akpọ ya ime ịpụ mmadụ]]. A na-akpachara anya eme ya ya nke n’apụrụ ịkpọ ya mmadụ iji aka ya wepụ afọ ime. Okwu ahụ bụ iwepụ afọ ime ''bụ'' nke amaara nkeọma dịka mmadụ iji aka ya wepụ afọ ime n’onwe ya. Mana mgbe nwa ebu n’afọ nwere ike idi ndụ n’onwe ya [[bụ nke ama dịka “iwepụ afọ ime mgbe okwesighị”]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grimes|first1=DA |last2=Stuart |first2=G |title=Abortion jabberwocky: the need for better terminology |journal=Contraception |year=2010 |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=93–6 |pmid=20103443 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2009.09.005}}</ref> <!-- Methods and safety --> N’oge ndị a eji ọgwu maọbụ iji ihe eji ewepu nwa n’afọ wepụ ya. Ọgwụ abụọ ndị a[[mifepriston]] na [[prostaglandin n’arụ ọrụ nke ịwa afọ ma wepụta nwa ga-arụ mgbe ime ka dị naanị ọnwa ato]][[]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kulier|first1=R|last2=Kapp|first2=N|last3=Gülmezoglu|first3=AM|last4=Hofmeyr|first4=GJ|last5=Cheng|first5=L|last6=Campana|first6=A|title=Medical methods for first trimester abortion.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=Nov 9, 2011|issue=11|pages=CD002855|pmid=22071804|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub4}}</ref><ref name=Kapp2013/> Ọbụ eziokwu n’iji ọgwu eme ihe dị nnukwu ire [[mgbe ọnọ n’ọnwa nke isii]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wildschut|first1=H|last2=Both|first2=MI|last3=Medema|first3=S|last4=Thomee|first4=E|last5=Wildhagen|first5=MF|last6=Kapp|first6=N|title=Medical methods for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=Jan 19, 2011|issue=1|pages=CD005216|pmid=21249669|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005216.pub2}}</ref>mana ịwa afọ ma wepụta nwa kasị mma n’enweghị ihe ize ndụ.<ref name=Kapp2013/> [[Igbochi ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ]], gụnyere [[iji ọgwụ nkịtị eme ihe|n’itinye ihe ga-enye aka]] gbochie nsogbu mgbe [[ewepụsịrị nwa]].<ref name=Kapp2013>{{cite journal|last1=Kapp|first1=N|last2=Whyte|first2=P|last3=Tang|first3=J|last4=Jackson|first4=E|last5=Brahmi|first5=D|title=A review of evidence for safe abortion care.|journal=Contraception|date=Sep 2013|volume=88|issue=3|pages=350–63|pmid=23261233|doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.027}}</ref> Iwepụ afọ ime n’obodo ndị mepere emepe [[dịbụ ọtụtụ afọ gara aga]] inwe ezi ahụike mgbe nke a gasịrị [[bụ ihe|a na-atụ anya ya]] mgbe ewepụsịrị afọ ime [[n’ụzọ iwu kwadoro |bụ ihe a na-achọsi ike]].<ref name="lancet-grimes">{{Cite journal |last1=Grimes |first1=D. A. |last2=Benson |first2=J. |last3=Singh |first3=S. |last4=Romero |first4=M. |last5=Ganatra |first5=B. |last6=Okonofua |first6=F. E. |last7=Shah |first7=I. H. |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69481-6 |title=Unsafe abortion: The preventable pandemic |journal=The Lancet |volume=368 |issue=9550 |pages=1908–1919 |year=2006 |pmid=17126724 |url=http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/general/lancet_4.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name=Ray2014>{{cite journal|last1=Raymond|first1=EG|last2=Grossman|first2=D|last3=Weaver|first3=MA|last4=Toti|first4=S|last5=Winikoff|first5=B|title=Mortality of induced abortion, other outpatient surgical procedures and common activities in the United States.|journal=Contraception|date=Nov 2014|volume=90|issue=5|pages=476–479|pmid=25152259|doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.012}}</ref> Nsogbu enwere mgbe a na-ewepụ afọ ime anaghị akpata nsogbu isi mgbaka maọbụ nke nkịtị.<ref name=BMJ2014/> Mbauwa n’ahụ maka ahụike bụ [[ Wold Helt Ọganaizeshọn n’atụ aro ka ụmụnwaanyị niile nwe nkwado iwu maka iwepụ afọ ime]].<ref name=WHOPolicy2012>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems|date=2012|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241548434|page=8|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70914/1/9789241548434_eng.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> Iwepụ afọ ime n’ụzọ adichaghị mma ka okwesịrị [[ebutela ọnwụ mmadụ puku 47]] na nde 5 [[nke ndị ebu aga n’ụlọọgwụ ]] kwa<ref name=BMJ2014>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lohr | first1 = P. A. | last2 = Fjerstad | first2 = M. | last3 = Desilva | first3 = U. | last4 = Lyus | first4 = R. | title = Abortion | journal = BMJ | volume = 348 | page = f7553 | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.f7553}}</ref>afo<ref name=OBGY09>{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=I. |last2=Ahman |first2=E. |title=Unsafe abortion: global and regional incidence, trends, consequences, and challenges |journal=Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=1149–58 |date=December 2009 |pmid=20085681 |url=http://www.sogc.org/jogc/abstracts/full/200912_WomensHealth_1.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>. <!-- Epidemiology --> Kwa afọ a na-ewepụ ihe ruru afọ ime nde 144 n’ụwa niile, nke ihe dị ala na ha bụ ndị emere n’uzọ ekwesịghị isi mee ha.<ref name="Sedgh 2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Sedgh |first1=G. |last2=Singh |first2=S. |last3=Shah |first3=I. H. |last4=Åhman |first4=E. |last5=Henshaw |first5=S. K. |last6=Bankole |first6=A. |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61786-8 |title=Induced abortion: Incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008 |journal=The Lancet |volume=379 |issue=9816 |pages=625–632 |year=2012 |pmid=22264435 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/Sedgh-Lancet-2012-01.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> Ọgbanweela obere site n’afọ 2003 ruo 2008,<ref name="Sedgh 2012" /> Mgbe owerela ọtụtụ afọ inweta agụmakwụkwọ kwesịrị na ya n’ihe gbasara ime ndokwa maka ezinụlọ [[na]] ibelata [[ịmụ otụtụ ụmụ agbanwetụla.]]<ref name="worldtrends2007">{{Cite journal |author=Sedgh G, Henshaw SK, Singh S, Bankole A, Drescher J |title=Legal abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends |journal=Int Fam Plan Perspect |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=106–116 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17938093 |doi=10.1363/ifpp.33.106.07 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3310607.html}}</ref> {{as of|2008}}pasent 40 nke ụmụ nwaanyị n’ụwa niile n’eji aka ha ewepụ nwa n’enweghị ihe mgbochi”.<ref name=IJGO10/> Mana onwere ebe ha kwesịrị iru n’ime ya.<ref name=IJGO10>{{Cite journal|author=Culwell KR, Vekemans M, de Silva U, Hurwitz M|title=Critical gaps in universal access to reproductive health: Contraception and prevention of unsafe abortion |journal=[[International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics]] |volume=110 |pages=S13–16 |date=July 2010 |pmid=20451196 |doi=10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.003}}</ref> <!-- History, society and culture --> Mmadụ iji aka ya wepụ afọ ime [[etela aka|odị]]. Onweela ụzọ dị iche iche esi mee ya, nke gụnyere [[iji mkpọrọgwụ n’akwụkwọ ọhịa mee ihe,|iji ihe dị nkọ,]] imenye onye dị ime egwu [[,n’ụzọ ndịọzọ dị iche iche]] nke [[omenala|kwadoro]] kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.<ref name="Management of Abortion, Chp 1">{{cite book|chapter=1. Abortion and medicine: A sociopolitical history|isbn=978-1-4443-1293-5|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.]]|year=2009|location=[[Oxford, United Kingdom]]|title=Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy|edition=1st|editors=MPaul, ES Lichtenberg, L Borgatta, DA Grimes, PG Stubblefield, MD Creinin|first=Carole|last=Joffe|url=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/62/14051769/1405176962.pdf|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208210046/http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/62/14051769/1405176962.pdf|archivedate=8 December 2015|deadurl=no|access-date=3 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iwu iwepụ afọ ime [[, bụ iwu metụtara iwepụ afọ ime|, ụzọ ekwesịrị isi mee ya,]] n’ụzọ iwu nke omenala na nke ụka sị eji ya eme ihe n’ụwa niile. N’ọnọdụ ọzọ,dịka [[mmadụ idina nwanne ya,]] idina nwaanyị n’ike, [[inwe nkwarụ n’afọ|, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba]] maọbụ ihe metụtara ọnọdụ ahụike nke nwaanyị dị ime.<ref name="Dev98-07">{{Cite journal|last1=Boland |first1=R. |last2=Katzive |first2=L. |doi=10.1363/ifpp.34.110.08 |title=Developments in Laws on Induced Abortion: 1998–2007 |journal=International Family Planning Perspectives |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=110–120 |year=2008 |pmid=18957353 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3411008.html}}</ref> N’akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụwa, onweela okwu ndị doro anya ekwurula banyere [[iwepụ afọ ime|nke ọha mmadụ tinyere ọnụ na ya]], k’osi dị njọ[[k’ekwesịrị isi lee ya anya|na]] okwu banyere iwu nke kwadoro ya. Ndị n’emegide [[iwepu afọ ime|n’ekwu na]] nwa dị n’afọ abụrụla mmadụ [[nke nwere ikike nke iwu kwadoro ịdị ndụ]]nke na [[onye ọbụla wepụrụ afọ ime egbuola mmadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |author=Pastor Mark Driscoll |title=What do 55 million people have in common? |publisher=Fox News |date=18 October 2013 |accessdate=2 July 2014 |url=http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/10/18/what-do-55-million-people-have-in-common/ |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831022138/http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/10/18/what-do-55-million-people-have-in-common/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Dale Hansen |title=Abortion: Murder, or Medical Procedure? |publisher=Huffington Post |date=18 March 2014 |accessdate=2 July 2014 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dale-hansen/abortion-murder-or-medica_b_4986637.html}}</ref> Mana ndị n’enye iwepụ afọ ime nkwado [[n’ekwu na|ọdị]] nwaanyi n’aka ikpebi [[ihe ọ ga-eji ahụ ya mee|ikike]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sifris|first1=Ronli Noa|title=Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture.|date=2013|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Hoboken|isbn=9781135115227|page=3|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9pVWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3}}</ref>onwere [[n’ụzọ niile ọbụla]].<ref name=WHOPolicy2012/> ==Ebe akpọtụrụ uche== <references /> ixxbhv1r2how8rie3ad8zt6h8x4f73r 0 9664 727808 721678 2026-09-25T03:43:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ijeoma Uchegbu''' {{Audio|Ig-Ijeoma Uchegbu.ogg|Audio}} bụ ọkaçha nmụta nke ndị mepụta ọgwụ na Mahadum London ebe ọ jidekwa ọkwa Pro-Vice Provost maka mpaghara [[Eluàlà|Africa]] na Middle East. Ọ bụ onye isi ọrụ nke gbasara sayensi nke ngalaba Nanomerics, na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na ahụta maka nanotechnology. Ndị ụlọ ọrụ na ahụta maka ụzọ nnweta ọgwụ maka ọgwụ na-adịghị agbarị na mmiri ka esị tuo anya, acidị nke nucleic na peptides. Ewezuga ka esi akpọ aha ya aghara aghara na edemede maka nyocha sayensị na Pharmaceutical Nanoscience, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=Fx0BrQwAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Ijeoma Uchegbu - Google Scholar Citations}}</ref> amakwara Uchegbu maka ọrụ ya na ihe gbasara ikwụ pụta okwụ maka njikọta sayensị na igwe nmadu, ya na ịwezụga ikpa oke na ina ba'ta ndi di iche iche na [[Amamihe|Sayensi]], [[Nka na Uzu|Teknụzụ]], Injinia na [[Ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ|mgbakọ]] na [[Ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ|mwepụ]] (STEM). <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wes.org.uk/role-models|title=Role models {{!}} Women's Engineering Society|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2019-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013426/https://www.wes.org.uk/role-models}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/human-resources/news/2018/jul/deans-pledge-further-race-equality-ucl|title=Deans pledge to further race equality at UCL}}</ref> == Mmụta na mmalite ọrụ == Uchegbu toro na Hackney ya na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/staff/staff-news/0315/03032015-iwd-ucl-academics|title=International Women's Day 2015: What inspired some of UCL's leading women to become academics?|date=2015-03-05}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ maka ịmeputa ọgwụ na Mahadum [[Benin City|Benin]], gụsịrị akwụkwọ na afọ 1981, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta, nzere masta ya na Mahadum [[Lagos]] . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biopharminternational.com/talent-pool|title=The Talent Pool}}</ref> Onweghi ike inweta asambodo nke ka chi si (PhD) na Nigeria n'ihi na akarangwa nke ahụ adighị. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://soapboxscience.org/barriers-broken-meet-ijeoma-f-uchegbu/|title=Barriers are there to be broken: Meet Ijeoma F. Uchegbu - SoapboxScience|date=2017-05-24}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri UK ma gụchaa akwụkwọ mahadum ya na Mahadum London, gụsịrị akwụkwọ wee nweta re masta ya na Mahadum Lagos . <ref name=":7" /> Onweghi ike inweta asambodo nke ka chi si (PhD) na afọ 1997. Ọ bụ Alexander (Sandy) Florence, onyeisi nke ngalaba akwụkwọ imepụta ọgwụ hụkwara ma nyochaa ya maka akara ugo mmụta. A họpụtara ya maka ịbụ onye nkuzi na [[ Mahadum nke Strathclyde |Mahadum Strathclyde]] site na afọ 2002 rue 2004. == Nchoputa ya == Uchegbu bụ onye isi oche na nnweta ọgwụ na Mahadum Strathclyde na afọ 2002. N'ebe a ọ rụrụ ọrụ na nzuko na ichikọ polymer, nke bu ihe ndị nwere ike ịnye aka wepụta nanosystem ụdị kwụsie ike. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nanomerics.com/team/ijeoma-uchegbu|title=Ijeoma Uchegbu {{!}} Nanomerics}}</ref> O gosiputara na enwere ike iji ihe omuma nke polymer jikwaa oke nke vesicles. Ọ sonyeere Mahadum University London na afọ 2006 dị ka onye isi oche na gwọọ ọgwụ Nanoscience na ngalaba ụlọ akwụkwọ ahu maka imeputa Ọgwụ. Uchegbu na-edu ndị otu na nyocha maka nke molecular design na usoro inu ọgwụ dị ka nke a. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pharmacy/people/professor-ijeoma-uchegbu|title=Professor Ijeoma Uchegbu|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2020-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807162454/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pharmacy/people/professor-ijeoma-uchegbu}}</ref> O meela polymers nke na-ejikọta onwe ya n'ime nanoparticles site na iji ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji bufee ọgwụ na ahụ nmadu. Ọ na-achọpụta otú enwere ike iji ma were nanoparticles nnyefe ọgwụ. Uchegbu ji kwa ọtụtụ ikikere (patenti) maka ịnye ọgwụ ọgwụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20160279189|title=US Patent Application for Delivery of Drugs Patent Application (Application #20160279189 issued September 29, 2016) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/8920819|title=US Patent for Delivery of hydrophilic drugs Patent (Patent # 8,920,819 issued December 30, 2014) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20130203647|title=US Patent Application for DELIVERY OF HYDROPHILIC PEPTIDES Patent Application (Application #20130203647 issued August 8, 2013) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20130034590|title=US Patent Application for Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs Patent Application (Application #20130034590 issued February 7, 2013) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/8278277|title=US Patent for Delivery of hydrophilic drugs Patent (Patent # 8,278,277 issued October 2, 2012) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20100222281|title=US Patent Application for DELIVERY OF HYDROPHILIC DRUGS Patent Application (Application #20100222281 issued September 2, 2010) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20060148982|title=US Patent Application for Drug delivery Patent Application (Application #20060148982 issued July 6, 2006) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20050019923|title=US Patent Application for Dendrimers for use in targeted delivery Patent Application (Application #20050019923 issued January 27, 2005) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> na ndị na-ekekọta ọgwụ polymers. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/7741474|title=US Patent for Solubilising polysaccharides substituted with dydrophilic and hydrophobic groups Patent (Patent # 7,741,474 issued June 22, 2010) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20080267903|title=US Patent Application for Bioactive Polymers Patent Application (Application #20080267903 issued October 30, 2008) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/20060167116|title=US Patent Application for Solubilising polysaccharides substituted with dydrophilic and hydrophobic groups Patent Application (Application #20060167116 issued July 27, 2006) - Justia Patents Search}}</ref> Ọgwụ ya na- ebunye mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na siRNA na etuto di iche iche na'ime ahụ na peptides na ụbụrụ. Ọgwụ ya na egosi igba ume na nnabata ọgwụ hydrophobic site na iji nanoparticles. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=IFUCH91|title=Iris View Profile}}</ref> Ọ na-etinye anya na nchọpụta etu aga esi nwe ike jiri ọgwụ ndia na emeputa gwọọ ọrịa akpụ ụbụrụ. Na afọ 2018 ọ so na ndi nke wetatra nde pounds (£5.7) Injinia na Nchọpụta Ahụ́ Ike granti maka, Raman Nano theranostics, nke ga-eji nanoparticles ọla edo chọpụta ọrịa na ọkụ iji bibie mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọrịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.restless.org.uk/pharmacy/pharmacy-news/epsrc-grant-uchegbu-schaztlein|title=EPSRC grant to revolutionise detection and treatment of life-threatening illnesses|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2018-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021232250/http://www.restless.org.uk/pharmacy/pharmacy-news/epsrc-grant-uchegbu-schaztlein}}</ref> Ọ na ejikwa nanoparticles magnetik arụkwa ọrụ ya. . === Nanomerik === Na afọ 2010 Uchegbu na Andreas Schtzlein tọrọ ntọala [http://www.nanomerics.com Nanomerics]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etrust.org.uk/news/studying-small-things-can-lead-big-opportunities-says-ucl-chair-pharmaceutical-nanoscience|title=Studying small things can lead to big opportunities says UCL Chair in Pharmaceutical Nanoscience {{!}} etrust|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2019-04-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409114712/http://www.etrust.org.uk/news/studying-small-things-can-lead-big-opportunities-says-ucl-chair-pharmaceutical-nanoscience}}</ref> ''Nanomeriki'' bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-eji nanotechnology mepụta ọgwụ. Uchegbu bụ onye isi sayensị nke ụlọ ọrụ ''Nanomerik''.<ref name=":1"/> ''Nanomerics'' bu ihe ndi puru ime njem nke nwere ike ibufe ihe na alụ agha megidi ọrịa na ahu nmadu na enweghi ngbochi obula na obara ma'ọbụ na ubụrụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.biopharma-reporter.com/Article/2014/05/27/UCL-spin-out-aims-to-smuggle-antibodies-across-the-blood-brain-barrier|title=UCL spin-out aims to smuggle antibodies across the blood-brain barrier|archive-date=2023-09-29|access-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929194614/https://www.biopharma-reporter.com/Article/2014/05/27/UCL-spin-out-aims-to-smuggle-antibodies-across-the-blood-brain-barrier|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Nanomerics na -'' emepụta teknụzụ ngwakọ ụmụ irighiri ihe na - eme site na amphiphilic polymers nke na - ejikọ onwe ha. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170110006481/en/IACTA-Pharmaceuticals-Licenses-NM133-Nanomerics-Treatment-Dry|title=IACTA Pharmaceuticals Licenses NM133 from Nanomerics for Treatment of Dry Eye}}</ref> Na afọ 2017 ọ meriri na asọ mpi nke Royal Society of Chemistry maka Teknụzụ ohuru maka ụmụ irighiri ihe ha arụ na ngalaba molecular envelope. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maxwell.cam.ac.uk/innovation-seminar-series-prof-ijeoma-uchegbu-nanomerics|title=Innovation Seminar Series - Prof. Ijeoma Uchegbu, Nanomerics}}</ref> O were ikike (patentị ) NM133 nyefe ndị olu nmeputa ọgwụ Lacta na afọ 2017. NM133 nwere cyclosporine A ma enwere ike iji gwọọ ọria maka anya kọrọ mmiri. === Ọrụ ọkachamara === Uchegbu na-arụ kwa ọrụ di ka oso ndi nchikota akwụkwọ nke Journal of Controlled Release . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-controlled-release/0168-3659/editorial-board/i-uchegbu|title=I. Uchegbu - Editorial board - Journal of Controlled Release - ISSN 0168-3659|last=Elsevier}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ sayensị nke ndi otu Controlled Release. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta-isi nke ọgwụ Nanotechnology. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurekaselect.com/node/102195/pharmaceutical-nanotechnology/issue/4/1858/4/7393|title=ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO REVIEWERS|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2018-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021233706/https://www.eurekaselect.com/node/102195/pharmaceutical-nanotechnology/issue/4/1858/4/7393}}</ref> O no na otu ndumodu banyere ahu ike ulo ogwu nke nchoputa injinia . O tinyere aka na mmemme Mahadum London mee're maka National Health Service jiri gbaa afọ iri asaa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/slms/nhs70/ijeoma-uchegbu|title=Professor Ijeoma Uchegbu|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2018-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715052910/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/slms/nhs70/ijeoma-uchegbu}}</ref> N'afọ 2007 ka aghọrọ ya maka ''Mmepụta nke Mmezu Pụrụ Iche nke SET'' nke gosipụtara na Museum nke Sayensi na British Museum . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.electricalreview.co.uk/news-mm/5617-115773|title=Women of Outstanding Achievement|last=Pearson|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2018-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021232428/https://www.electricalreview.co.uk/news-mm/5617-115773}}</ref> N’afọ 2015, a họpụtara Uchegbu ịbụ Pro-Vice Provost maka Africa na Middle East. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pharmacy/news/2015/oct/ijeoma-uchegbu-appointed-ucls-pro-vice-provost-africa-and-middle-east|title=Ijeoma Uchegbu Appointed UCL's Pro-Vice Provost for Africa and The Middle East|last=UCL|date=2015-10-30}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/global/contact-us/contact-accordians/global-engagement-office/pro-vice-provosts-regional|title=Pro-Vice-Provosts (Regional)|last=UCL|date=2017-06-29}}</ref> Ọ na-ahụ maka ngalaba netwọkụ mpaghara Afrịka na Middle East na Mahadum College London. Ọ na-ewu mmekọrịta na ịmalite emekọ ihe ọnụ, na-anabata kwa ndị ọbịa mba ụwa ma na-akwado inabata ụmụ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/staff/staff-news/0116/14012016-spotlightonprofessorijeomafuchegbuproviceprovostforafricaandthemiddleeast|title=Spotlight on Professor Ijeoma F. Uchegbu, Pro-Vice-Provost for Africa and the Middle East|date=2016-01-14|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2017-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213211553/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/staff/staff-news/0116/14012016-spotlightonprofessorijeomafuchegbuproviceprovostforafricaandthemiddleeast}}</ref> === Mkpokọta Ọha, ịha ịha na nnabata ndi di iche-iche === Uchegbu na esonye na njikọta ọha na nkwukọrịta sayensị nke a'na egosipụta na onyonyo na BBC nke an'na akpo ''Oge Nwanyị nke BBC ebe ọna anọ'' atụle nyocha ya banyere etu a ga-esi jiri ụmụ irighiri Nano nyeka iji nyefee ọgwụ na ahụ ka odi ire<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00b8qj7|title=27/09/2010, Woman's Hour - BBC Radio 4|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-08-13|archive-date=2019-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013937/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00b8qj7|url-status=dead}}</ref> O sonye kwa na mmeme Soapbox Science nke na ebulite sayensị nke mba ụwa ni'le ma'na akwalite ụmụ nwanyị sayensị na ọrụ ha na-arụrụ. <ref name=":0"/> Uchegbu tinye kwara aka na ihe banyere nha nha kwu'ọtọ na mmemme gbasara ina ba'ta ndi di iche iche. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya UCL Provost maka Race Equality <ref name=":6"/> ma gosipụta onwe ya dị ka onye otu Black British Role Model maka Ndị Injin Inyom . <ref name=":5"/> Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na kọleji Mahadum London Race Equality Charter nyocha onwe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/human-resources/news/2018/jul/deans-pledge-further-race-equality-ucl|title=Deans pledge to further race equality at UCL|date=2018-07-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/01/university-college-london-is-determined-to-tackle-racism|title=University College London is determined to tackle racism {{!}} Letters|date=2016-11-01}}</ref> O so na ndi otu ndi ''nkuzi'' oka cha nmuta ndi ''Black Female''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://equality.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/64/2013/10/Black-Female-Professors-Feb-2017.pdf|title=Black Female Professors in the UK (February 2017)|date=2019-02-28|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2019-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074612/https://equality.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/64/2013/10/Black-Female-Professors-Feb-2017.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blackfemaleprofessorsforum.org/professors/ijeoma-uchegbu/|title=Ijeoma Uchegbu – Black Female Professors Forum}}</ref> === Akwụkwọ === * 2000 Synthetic Surfactant Vesicles: Niosomes and Other Non-phospholipid Vesicular Systems: 11 (Drug Targeting and Delivery) <ref>{{Cite book|title=Synthetic Surfactant Vesicles: Niosomes and Other Non-Phospholipid Vesicular Systems|date=2000-02-01}}</ref> * 2006 Polymers in Drug Delivery <ref>{{Cite book|title=Polymers in Drug Delivery|date=2006-05-19}}</ref> * 2013 Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience <ref>{{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience|date=2013-12-09}}</ref> === Ugo na nkwanye ugwu === * 2007 UK [[:en:Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills|Department for Business, Innovation and Skills]] ''Women of Outstanding Achievement in Science Engineering and Technology'' <ref name=":2"/> * 2012 [[:en:Royal_Pharmaceutical_Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] ''Pharmaceutical Scientist of the Year''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/2012-rps-award-winners-announced/11106243.article|title=2012 RPS award winners announced}}</ref> * 2013 [[:en:Academy_of_Pharmaceutical_Sciences|Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences]] Eminent Fellow<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apsgb.co.uk/awards/fellows.asp|title=Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Eminent Fellows|website=APSGB|access-date=2018-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021232130/http://www.apsgb.co.uk/awards/fellows.asp|archive-date=2018-10-21|url-status=dead|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2018-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021232130/http://www.apsgb.co.uk/awards/fellows.asp}}</ref> * 2013 - <nowiki><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Release_Society" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Controlled Release Society" class="new cx-link" data-linkid="130">Controlled Release Society</a></nowiki> <nowiki><i>College of Fellows</i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.controlledreleasesociety.org/about/Awards/Pages/CollegeofFellowsAwardRecipients.aspx|title=College of Fellows Award Recipients|accessdate=2020-08-13|archivedate=2018-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022033421/https://www.controlledreleasesociety.org/about/Awards/Pages/CollegeofFellowsAwardRecipients.aspx}}</ref> * 2016 Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences ''Innovative Science Award'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pharmacy/news/2016/nov/professor-ijeoma-uchegbu-wins-innovative-science-award|title=Professor Ijeoma Uchegbu wins Innovative Science Award}}</ref> == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o8qhiwahjr1y1yqmz4kxvlu5cy3oiy8 0 9686 727885 724993 2026-09-25T09:36:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Obi Mikel''' {{Audio|Ig-John Obi Mikel.ogg|Audio}} (amụrụ na 22 Eprel 1987) bụ onye egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ọpụrụiche nke Naịjirịa nke na- [[Footbọl|agba]] boolu dịka onye mgbachi na etiti ama egwuregwu ndi otu Stoke City na EFL Championship. [[Usòrò:John Obi Mikel 02 Chelsea vs AS-Roma 10AUG2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Added image]] Mikel malitere ọrụ ya na bọọlụ na Plateau United, tupu ọ banye na klọb Lyn Lyn na obodo [[Norway]] mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa n’afọ 2004. N’afọ 2006, ka osi soro ndị Chelsea ebe ndị Manchester United kwuru sị na odeba go aha na akwụkwọ ha we'te kwa'ra ihe nnukwu ngbagwoju anya. ọ nọrọ afọ iri na otu na Chelsea, tupu ọ kwaga China ịga gbara ndi Tianjin TEDA bọọlụ n'afọ 2017. Mgbe ọ nọsịrị afọ abụọ na China, ọ laghachiri England na nkwekọrịta nke obere oge ya na ndị Middlesbrough, tupu osonye kwa ndi Trabzonspor na nbugharị nke bu n'efu na July 2019. Mikel laghachiri England na August 2020 isonyere kwa Stoke City. N'ime afọ iri na anọ nke ịgba bọl mba ụwa niile n'agbata 2005 na 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ oge narị asatọ asatọ maka Nigeria, nye kwa ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke bu ọkpụ gọọlụ isii. == Ọrụ klọb == A mụrụ Mikel na [[Jos]], Plateau State, nwa nke Michael Obi, onye ahia ulo oru ya bu maka ugbo ala nke na'agaba na Jos na mpaghara obodo ahụ. Nna ya bu onye [[Igbo]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/4544613.stm|title=Obi's father calls for truce|date=13 May 2005|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=25 January 2009}}</ref> Mikel bidoro ọrụ ịgba bọl ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ mgbe ahọpụtara ya dịka onye egwu bọọlụ site na ụmụaka ruru puku atọ ka osoro na [[Pepsi Football Academy]], otu ama ama na-eme njem gafere Nigeria niile na-enyocha ndị na-eto eto na-egwu egwuregwu bọl maka ịhọrọ ndị na-egosi na ha nwere ike ịji egwuregwu ahụ mee orụ aka ha na ọdi n'ihụ. A chọtara Obi dika onye mara ihe ekwe na akụ, ma emechaa họrọ ka o soru ọgbakọ klọb Plateau United, klọb nke mepụtara kpakpando dị iche iche na mbụ na bọl dịka [[Celestine Babayaro]], Victor Obinna na Chris Obodo, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ndị nke gara n'ihu na-aga nke ọma na klọb ndị na agba European league. Emechara mara ya dị ka John Obi Mikel. O mere ihe ejiri mee isi okwu maka obodo ya na FIFA Under-17 World Championships na obodo [[Finland]]. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara n'ihu isoro nyocha maka ndị klọb Ajax Cape Town, na South Africa, ka ọmesia, o sonyere otu di na obodo Oslo nke ana akpọ Lyn Fotball n'ime mba Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Obi Mikel|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/star-players/john-obi-mikel.html|publisher=mtnfootball.com|accessdate=8 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108103657/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/star-players/john-obi-mikel.html|archivedate=8 January 2013}}</ref> N'oge nkwadebe maka asọmpi iko ụwa nke FIFA na-eme na afọ iri na atọ (2003), ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Nigeria (NFA) nyefere aha dika "Michael" kama "Mikel" maka asọmpi ahụ na Finland. O kpebiri idobe aha ọhụrụ ahụ, ma kwuo si na ọ nwere "ka osi ada pụrụ iche." Na 31 Julaị n'afọ 2006, o kwuru na ọ họọrọ ka akpọ ya Mikel John Obi kama ịbụ John Obi Mikel, dịka a na-akpọkarị ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://logbaby.com/encyclopedia/mikel-john-obi_8011.html#.UfCKu7RK7wg|title=Mikel John Obi|publisher=Logbaby|accessdate=25 July 2013}}</ref> N'oge ọkọchị nke 2005, Mikel gbara bọl n'aha Nigeria na asọmpi FIFA World Youth Championship nke e mere na Netherlands. Asọmpi ahụ dabara mba Naịjirịa tupu oge ikpeazụ, mgbe ndi mba Argentina meriri haa 2-1. Obi nwetere nturu ugo bọọlụ ọlaọcha maka a họpụtara ya dika onye ọkpụkpọ nke abụọ kachasị mma na sọmpi ahụ. === Nyefee gaa na England === Na 29 Eprel 2005, ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe Mikel gbara afọ 18, otu klọb na Premier League - Manchester United kwupụtara na ya na Lyn bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iji kpọrọ Obi. <ref>{{Cite news|date=29 April 2005|title=Man Utd get Chelsea target Mikel|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/4499893.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=5 June 2006}}</ref> Webụsaịtị United weputara na ha na Obi kpara nkata maka abịanye aka na nkwekọrịta isonyere ha. Obi etinyeghị ndị nnochita anya nya na ịgba ịzu ahụ nke mere ha ji du ba ya na nkwekọrịta nke ga eke chiya maka afo anọ. Eboro ebubo na ndi Lyn zigara ndi nnochi anya na mba ofesi akwụkwọ, na-ekwu na Mikel anọghọ zikwa ha na aka ma'ọbu achọ ọrụ ha. Akụkọ kwuru na nkwekọrịta ahụ ruru nde pounds anọ na mbido, <ref>{{Cite news|date=18 June 2005|title=Obi makes plea for Chelsea switch|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4106482.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=5 June 2006}}</ref> tinyere ime ka Obi bido ọrụ na Old Trafford na Jenụwarị 2006. Otu egwu bọọlụ na Premier League ha na Manchester United na ekwo ekworo bụ Chelsea, mechara nye nzaghachi na-ekwu na ha na Mikel na ndị ọrụ ya enwela nkwekọrịta, mana Lyn gọnarịrị nkwupụta a. Agbanyeghị nkaa, akụkọ mechara gosi na Chelsea kwuru na ọ banyere na ịhazi kaa Obi si were gaa Europe na oge mbụ maka ịmecha soro klọb ahụ. A tinyekwara ihe ọzọ na nkwupụta a mgbe ekpughere na egwuregwu Obi masịrị onye isi Chelsea José Mourinho mgbe ọ na-azụ ndị otu egwuregwu n'oge ọkọchị nke 2004. Mikel gosiputara obi uto ya iso United na nzuko ndi nta akukọ mere ngwa ngwa hazia, ebe ese ya dika o jigide uwe Manchester United nke bu akara ndi otu ahụ 21. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.footballfancast.com/premiership/simply-the-top-ten-football-transfers-that-might-have-been/attachment/jon-obi-mikel|title=John Obi Mikel False Transfer|publisher=FootballFanCast.com|accessdate=25 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234030/http://www.footballfancast.com/premiership/simply-the-top-ten-football-transfers-that-might-have-been/attachment/jon-obi-mikel|archivedate=30 December 2013}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta iji sonye United, a na-ekwu na Norway na ọ natara ọtụtụ oku ekwentị nmaja site na ndị amaghị. E kenyere Mikel onye na-eche ya nche ma kwaga na họtel dị iche maka nchekwe. Agbanyeghị nkaa na 11 Mee 2005, Obi bu onye furu efu n'oge egwuregwu bọọlụ Norwegian Cup ana agba megide Klemetsrud. Ahọpụtaghị Obi maka egwuregwu ahụ kama ọ nọ na-ele bọl ahụ na ama egwuregwu. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ chere na onye nnochita anya ya John Shittu, onye nke batara obodo ahụ ihu Obi bukwa onye zuru ya wee pụọ n’ámá egwuregwu ahụ. Mana ofufu ahụ mere ka enwe nnukwu mkpọtụ na Norway ma kpalite, kpasuo oke nyocha ndị uwe ojii mgbe onyeisi Lyn, Morgan Andersen kwupụtara ndị mgbasa ozi Norway na "a tọọrọ la Mikel". Onye na-esote onye nchịkwa Manchester United Carlos Queiroz mechara kwughachi nkwupụta ndị a, na ebo Chelsea ebubo na ọtinyere akana "ebubo ntọ Mikel ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carlos Demands Authorities Act On Mikel Saga|url=http://www.manutd.com/news/fullstory.sps?iNewsId=175542&itype=466&icategoryid=120|publisher=Manchester United|accessdate=5 June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515133606/http://www.manutd.com/news/fullstory.sps?iNewsId=175542&itype=466&icategoryid=120|archivedate=15 May 2006}}</ref> Ọmecha achọpụta na Mikel gara [[London]] yana onye nnochi anya ya John Shittu, bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ maka otuJerome Anderson 's SEM. <ref name="Teenager caught up in a tug-of-war">Marcotti, Gabriele. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article525489.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1 "Teenager caught up in a tug-of-war"], [[The Times]], 23 May 2005. Retrieved 31 January 2011.</ref> Onye isi nchịkwa Manchester United Alex Ferguson tụlere ịgaru Oslo ịga leta Mikel, mana kpebiri megide nke a mgbe a kọchara na Mikel hapụrụ obodo ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Man Utd seek Obi transfer probe|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/4540261.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=13 May 2005|accessdate=5 June 2006}}</ref> Mikel nọrọ n'ụlọ nkwari akụ ụbọchị itoolu tupu ọ pụta na ajụjụ ọnụ na Sky Sports News. Ọ sịrị na akwagidere ya maka ịbanye na nkwekọrịta ya na United mgbe onye nnochi anya ya anọghị ya. Ọ ji kwa iwe kwuo na akụkọ ndị Manchester United na Lyn na akọ bu akụkọ ịgha ụgha. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Obi desperate to sign for Chelsea|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/4564623.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=20 May 2005|accessdate=5 June 2006}}</ref> Mikel gwara ndị mgbasa ozi Britain na Chelsea bụ klọb ọ chọrọ ịbịanye aka n'ezie maka igba bọl. Na nzaghachi na ihe omume ndị a, United mere mkpesa na FIFA banyere omume nke ndị Chelsea ma ndị nnọchi anya ahụ, Shittu na Rune Hauge, ndị ama ama maka ajọ ọrụ ha na akụkọ egwuregwu ihe gbasara George Graham . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Man Utd/Lyn go to Fifa in Obi row|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/4560453.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=18 May 2005|accessdate=5 June 2006}}</ref> FIFA nyocha ma wepụ ebubo nkwupụta ndị a na August 2005, na-ekwupụta na enweghị akaebe zuru ezu iji weta ikpe megide Chelsea. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, Mikel ekweghị alaghachi Lyn, nke mere klọb ahụ jiri gaa kpesa ya na FIFA. Na 12 August 2005, FIFA kpebiri na Mikel ga-alaghachi Lyn iji mezuo ihe ndị ọzọ ọ nwere na nkwekọrịta ya na klọb ahụ, ebe ha ga-ekpebi ụbọchị ọzọ ka ọ ga akwadoro ma ọ bụ kagbuo nkwekọrịta ya na United. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Decision of the Dispute Resolution Chamber|url=http://lyn.no/files/mikeldom.PDF|format=PDF|publisher=Lyn Oslo|accessdate=5 June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051223010930/http://lyn.no/files/mikeldom.PDF|archivedate=23 December 2005}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Fifa orders Obi's return to Lyn|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/4146890.stm|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=5 June 2006}}</ref> Mgbe ogasịrị nke ihe karịrị otu ọnwa, Mikel gbasoro mkpebi FIFA wee laghachi Lyn na mbido Septemba 2005 mgbe ọ gụsịrị ọnwa atọ ọhapụrụ ha. ==== Ndozi nsogbu nyefe nke ahụ ==== Kama ịhapụ FIFA iji chọpụta eziokwu ihe gbasara nkwekọrịta nke Manchester United bịanyere aka, Chelsea gbabatara site na ị wepụta onwe ya iji dozie ọnọdụ mbufe ahụ site na mkparịta ụka ha na Lyn na Manchester United. Na 2 June 2006, Chelsea, Manchester United na Lyn rutere mkpebi iji dozie ọdịnihu Mikel. Ekwetara ka ndebanye aha Mikelsi na Lyn gaa Chelsea; Manchester United kwenyere ịkwụsị nkwekọrịta nhọrọ ha na Mikel. N'okpuru usoro nkwekọrịta a, Chelsea kwetara ịkwụ United nde pounds iri na abụọ, ọkara nke aga akwụ mgbe mmecha nkwekọrịta ahụ na ọkara nke ọzọ na June 2007. Ha kwenyere kwa'ra ikwụ Lyn&nbsp;nde pounds anọ, ọkara ịkwụ ozugbo na ọkara na June 2007. N'ihi ndozi a, wepụrụ nkwupụta niile dị n'okwu a. Na 19 Julaị 2006, enyere Chelsea ikike ịrụ ọrụ maka Mikel ka ha kwụchara nde poundsiri na isii maka n'bịanyere aka na June 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Champs Chelsea secure Obi Mikel permit|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=374089&cc=5739|work=ESPNsoccernet|publisher=ESPN Internet Ventures|date=19 July 2006|accessdate=19 July 2006|archive-date=23 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023190911/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=374089&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe nnyefe ahu gachaa, onyeisi Lyn Director Morgan Andersen, onye ama buru ikpe maka ideghari akwụkwọ gọọmentị na n'ụzọ adịghị mma, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nettavisen.no/sport/article1347797.ece|title=Morgan har jukset foer|publisher=nettavisen|date=21 September 2007|accessdate=6 February 2008|archive-date=11 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611170626/http://www.nettavisen.no/sport/article1347797.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> ka ejide ọzọ makwa ya ikpe maka wayo na-ebo ebubo ụgha; ụlọ ikpe Oslo nyere ya ikpe otu afọ. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ nyekwara ya iwu ka ọ kwụọ puku iri abụọ kroner nke pụtara pounds otu puku, narị iteghete na anọ na ụgwọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Former Lyn director convicted of fraud over Mikel deal|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/former-lyn-director-convicted-of-fraud-over-mikel-deal-801115.html|publisher=Independent News and Media|date=27 March 2008|accessdate=27 March 2008}}</ref> Chelsea gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu maka nde pounds iri na isii megide Lyn na Andersen na nsochi nkwenye ahụ, na-ekwu na ego ekwere ikwụ maka n'dozi nkwekọrịta ahụ na mbụ ejikọtaghị ya ọzọ maka "nnyefe ahụ sitere na nkọwa ụgha nke ụlọ ikpe iwu gosipụtara ugbu a." <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/chelsea/7663564.stm|title=Chelsea launch £16m Mikel claim|accessdate=6 December 2008|date=10 October 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> E mechara kpebie nkwupụta a n'azụ n'ụlọ ikpe. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/chelsea/7759465.stm|title=Blues resolve Mikel case with Lyn|accessdate=6 December 2008|date=1 December 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> === Chelsea === ==== Oge bọl 2006–07 ==== Na 12 Septemba 2006, Mikel mmalite igba bọl izizi ya na Chelsea na UEFA Champions League megide ọgbakọ Bulgaria Levski Sofia wee gbaa otu bọl mgbaka sịrị ike nke onye mgbaru ọsọ ahụ na-azọpụtaghị ya nke mere Didier Drogba were dozie ma sụnye bọl ahụ. Mikel natara ọtụtụ nkọwa dị mma maka arụmọrụ ya na egwuregwu ahụ. Agbanyeghị nkaa, ebe ọ bụ na ezipụrụ ya na egwuregwu megideebe ndi Reading F.C na 14 Ọktoba 2006, Chelsea tara ya ahụhụ ugboro atọ site na Chelsea maka ịlaghachi azụ na mgbe oge ọzụzụ. N'oge ahụ, a kwenyere na onye njikwa Chelsea bụ José Mourinho nwere mgbaru obi banyere ụdị ndụ ọ na-ebi na mpụga na ama egwuregwu Stamford Bridge, a kọkwara na klọb ahụ na-atụle ịhapụ onye ahụ maka nkea. Agbahapụrụ Mikel ihe karịrị otu ọnwa. N'oge ahụ nna ya Michael kwupụtara na uche n'echegbu ya banyere akparamàgwà nwa ya nwoke. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11668/2395540/mikel-antics-causing-concern|title=Mikel Antics Causing Concern|date=16 November 2006|publisher=Sky Sports|accessdate=23 November 2006}}</ref> Ka emechara, akpo hachiri Mikel azụ na egwuregwu Chelsea gbara na Champions League nke ha na otu egwuregwu Werder Bremen gbaa na ebe abughi Stamford bridge na ụbọchị 23 na ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2006. Ọ mere ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ mgbe ọsunyere otu ọkpu ya ka Chelsea na agba FA Cup ha na Macclesfield Town na 6 Jenụwarị 2007 nke mere Chelsa ji nwe mmeri 6-1 na egwuregwu ahụ. Ọ sunyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọkpu ọzọ ka Chelsa gbara ndị Nottingham Forest na asọmpi nke na-esote. N'oge Chelsea mmeri na egwuregwu ikpeazu League Cup na 2007, e zipụrụ Mikel na oge mmerụ ahụ (ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri anya na egwuregwu ahụ) mgbe nya na Kolo Touré kwakoritaa na'ama bọọlụ. Ka nkea mere, enwere nnukwu nsogbu, nke mere eji wepụ Touré na Emmanuel Adebayor nke Arsenal, ebe edere aha Cesc Fàbregas na Frank Lampard ka ndị dara iwu, ebe Mourinho na Arsène Wenger na-ese okwu na akụkụ ama egwuregwu ahụ. N’egwuregwu ndị na-esote, Mourinho tinyere Mikel dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu na jigide ebe ọ gosiri nmasị nke ukwuu, ọkachasị na egwuregwu Chelsea – Tottenham Hotspur FA Cup n'agba nke isii, na asọmpi Champions League nke ikpeazụ megide Valencia, na nke Champions League ọkara egwuregwu ikpeazụ megide Liverpool na kwa mmeri 2007 FA Cup Final megide Manchester United. Ogologo Mikel toro na ike dị ya na ukwuu, tinyere uzo di'egwu osi ejikwa bọl ọfụma na-agafe ndị ọzọ nke na enye aka aghasa na meghasị ndị otu ha na ya na agba bọl, ma na-enye ndị otu ya ohere igba bọl site na ịgbasa egwuregwu bu ihe ịtu na'anya nke ọma. Mikel weghara ọkwá onye France bụ Claude Makélélé mgbe ọ mgbe ọ pụrụ gaba Paris Saint-Germain . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7516798.stm|title=Makelele leaves Chelsea for PSG|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=25 July 2013|date=21 July 2008}}</ref> ==== Oge bọl 2007–08 ==== Ezipụ Mikel maka oge nke atọ na ọrụ ya na Septemba 2007, mgbe onye ọka ikpe na egwuregwu bọl Mike Dean wepụrụ ya maka ịlụ ọgụ megide onye nchịkwa Manchester United Patrice Evra. Chelsea tinyere akwụkwọ megide mgbochi maka ịgba bọọlụ ahụ, mana a na-akwado mmachi ahu enyere Mikel maka igba bọọlụ ugboro atọ. E zipụrụ Mikel na ọkara nke League Cup megide Everton maka ịma aka nke na adabaghị ọ mara Phil Neville . N'agbanyeghi nke a, ọ laghachitere n'ike na oge bọl abụọ dị mma maka ya na Chelsea. ==== Oge bọl 2008–09 ==== [[Usòrò:John_Obi_Mikel_4615.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|186x186px| Mikel na-egwuru egwu Chelsea megide Spartak Moscow ]] Oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2008 aka ochie na bọl Claude Makélélé gara na klọb ndị French Paris Saint-Germain, ma hapụ ohere na ọkwá nke onye na-agbachi n'etiti na ama bọl. N'ime oge bọọlụ niile nke 2008–09, Mikel nwere ezigbo ohere igba egwuruegwu ahụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ Michael Essien merụrụ. N'ime oge ahụ, Mikel rụrụ ọrụ nke ọma na akụkụ ọrụ ya niile. Onye njikwa Chelsea Luiz Felipe Scolari toro egwuregwu ya na-ewuli elu na oge a. Ogosipụtara oke mkpa odị mgbe ọ nyere bọọlụ efu nke Salomon Kalou gbaa nwe nye Manchester United otu ọkpụ nke mere ha ji nwee ihe nhara ịha na otu egwuregwu. Ọ gbara ezigbo bọọlụ na oge 2008–09 nke mere na a họpụtara ya ka onye mbụ n'etiti nha nha na-eto eto na klọb nke oge ahụ. N’ụbọchị iri abụọ na anọ n’ọnwa Jenụwarị 2009, e boro Mikel ebubo drunk driving, nke ahụ bu ịna-akwọ ụgbọala mgbe mmanya na-egbu ya. Ihe nkea mere dị ka awa ole na ole tupu egwuregwu FA Cup Chelsea na Ipswich Town<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=612889&sec=england&cc=5901|title=Barclays Premier League – ESPNFC|publisher=ESPN|date=26 January 2009|accessdate=25 August 2020|archivedate=23 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023180710/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=612889&sec=england&cc=5901}}</ref> – agbanyeghị na Mikel esoghị na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ maka ọ nọ ntaramahụhụ nke nkwụsị bọọlụ na oge ahụ. .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/c/chelsea/8163909.stm|title=Mikel commits to new Chelsea deal|date=22 July 2009}}</ref> ==== Oge bọl 2009-10 ==== [[Usòrò:Mikel_John_Obi.JPG|thumb| Mikel na-egwuru egwu Chelsea megide Fulham na ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Disemba, 2009. ]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị, ụbọchị iri na atọ, n'afọ 2010, Mikel nyere Didier Drogba bọọlụ onye gbanarị David Marshall na ọsọ wee sunye otu ọkpụ ka Chelsea meriri Cardiff City 4-1 na iko FA Cup na agba nke ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=287613&cc=5901|title=Report: Chelsea v Cardiff City – English FA Cup – ESPNFC|publisher=ESPN|date=13 February 2010|accessdate=25 August 2020|archivedate=18 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218061204/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=287613&cc=5901}}</ref> Mikel nyere aka ọzọ maka otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ nyekwa Drogba na mmeri 5-0 meriri ndị na-asọmpi iko FA na Portsmouth na March 24. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=269840&cc=5901|title=Report: Portsmouth v Chelsea – Barclays Premier League – ESPNFC|publisher=ESPN|date=24 March 2010|accessdate=25 August 2020|archivedate=28 March 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328141149/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=269840&cc=5901}}</ref> Mikel gbara nkeji iri itoolu na iri iteghete mgbe Chelsea ji 7-1 merie Aston Villa ụbọchị atọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị ka Chelsea na-agba ọsọ imeri na Manchester United na egwuregwu Premier League. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/mar/27/chelsea-aston-villa-lampard|title=Chelsea 7–1 Aston Villa|date=27 March 2010}}</ref> N'egwuregwu Premier League ha na-esote United, Mikel egwuri egwu bọọlụ dị ka nnukwu mmọnwụ na midfield ka Chelsea na-agbago n'elu United na tebụl nke ngosi mmeri 2-1 na Old Trafford, site na ihe mgbaru ọsọ Joe Cole na Drogba. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/apr/03/manchester-united-chelsea-premier-league|title=Manchester United 1–2 Chelsea|date=3 April 2010}}</ref> N'okpuru onye isi ọhụụ Carlo Ancelotti, Mikel gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ọrụ ịgba bọl nke mere na ọ pụtara gbara ndi klọb ya bọl ugboro iri atọ na ise. Na Mee 2010, ọ nwetara ihe nrite Premier League <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8663686.stm|work=BBC News|title=Chelsea 8–0 Wigan|date=9 May 2010}}</ref> na FA Cup <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/15/chelsea-portsmouth-fa-cup-final|work=The Guardian|title=Chelsea 1–0 Portsmouth|date=15 May 2010}}</ref>nke ndị mmeri dịka onye nke otu egwuregwu Chelsea nke nwere mmeri okpukpu abụọ nke mbụ na mbụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/7729348/Chelsea-Double-winner-Carlo-Ancelotti-proves-he-is-special-too.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Chelsea Double winner Carlo Ancelotti proves he is special, too|date=15 May 2010}}</ref> ==== Oge bọl 2010–11 ==== Mikel gbara bọl nke ọma na Chelsea na Premier League oge nke 2010–11 Mikel gba zuru oge bọl niile ma nyere aka ime na egwuregwu atọ ndị mbụ ka Chelsea gbara diégwu ebe emeriri West Bromwich Albion 6-0 na 14 Ọgọst, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8906098.stm|work=BBC News|title=Chelsea 6–0 West Brom|date=14 August 2010}}</ref> merie Wigan Athletic 6-0 na DW Stadium ka ụbọchị asaa gasịrị <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8928161.stm|work=BBC News|title=Wigan 0–6 Chelsea|date=21 August 2010}}</ref> ma tinye egwu n’ahụ Stoke City 2-0 na 28 Ọgọst. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8945951.stm|work=BBC News|title=Chelsea 2–0 Stoke|date=28 August 2010}}</ref> Mikel bụ onye a họọrọ karịa n'ịgba bọọlụ dịka onye otu egwuregwu nchekwa nétiti egwu egwuregwu n'ihi na Michael Essien nọrọ ọtụtụ oge na agbaghị bọl maka mmerụ ikpere.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=Simeon|url=http://worldfootballcolumns.com/2011/07/12/blues-beat-essiens-knee-forces-chelseas-hand-in-midfield/|title=Blues Beat: Essien's Knee Forces Chelsea's Hand In Midfield « World Football Columns|publisher=Worldfootballcolumns.com|date=12 July 2011|accessdate=25 August 2020|archivedate=20 July 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120720210714/http://worldfootballcolumns.com/2011/07/12/blues-beat-essiens-knee-forces-chelseas-hand-in-midfield/}}</ref> Ihe mmerụ ahụ nke Essien mere ka klọb ahụ nwee ike itinye akara ọhụụ ha nwetara nke bu Ramires otutu oge. Mikel gbara bọọlụ iri abụọ na asatọ na egwuregwu Premier League n'aha ndị Chelsea ka ndị otu London ahụ kwụsịrị n'ọkwa nke abụọ, pointị isi itoolu n'azụ ndị Manchester United bụ ndị isi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/league-table.html?season=2010-2011&month=MAY&timelineView=date&toDate=1336949999999&tableView=CURRENT_STANDINGS|title=Barclays Premier League Table|publisher=Premierleague.com|date=22 May 2011|accessdate=25 August 2020|archivedate=21 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621075534/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/league-table.html?season=2010-2011&month=MAY&timelineView=date&toDate=1336949999999&tableView=CURRENT_STANDINGS}}</ref> Maka na klọb Chelsea apụtaghị mbụ na Premier League, ha chụrụ onye njikwa ha bu Carlo Ancelotti<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/22/everton-chelsea-premier-league|first=Dominic|last=Fifield|title=Everton 1–0 Chelsea|date=22 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/22/carlo-ancelotti-sacked-manager-chelsea|first=Evan|last=Fanning|title=Carlo Ancelotti sacked as manager of Chelsea|date=22 May 2011}}</ref> ==== Oge bọl nke 2011–12 ==== Tupu mmalite nke Premier League na oge a, a tọrọ nna Mikel na ala nna ya bu Nigeria na 10 August; n'agbanyeghị nke a, Mikel sonyere na malitere mmeghe ọgbakọ ahụ na bọl Chelsea na Stoke City na Britannia Stadium.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/8701865/Chelsea-midfielder-John-Obi-Mikels-father-abducted-in-Nigeria.html|title=Chelsea midfielder John Obi Mikel's father abducted in Nigeria}}</ref> Mikel gbara bọl di'egwu na ọfọdu ntakiri ihe ka onye goal na egwuregwu ahụ nke di ọku na ụzọ puruiche na. Egwuregwu ahụ bu nke mbụ onye nkuzi André Villas-Boas na-elekọta biri na 0-0.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Magowan|first=Alistair|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14435069|title=BBC Sport – Stoke 0–0 Chelsea|publisher=BBC}}</ref> N'ihi mmerụ ahụ ikpere Essien ruo ogologo oge, Mikel chọtara oge egwuregwu karịa, mana n'oge oge ekeresimesi ọ nwere ohere iji mịnye aha ọhụụ Oriol Romeu . <ref name="footballfollower1">{{Cite web|url=http://footballfollower.com/football-blog/oriol-romeu-chelsea-better/|title=What Oriol Romeu does to make Chelsea better|publisher=Football Follower|date=13 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320035235/http://footballfollower.com/football-blog/oriol-romeu-chelsea-better/|archivedate=20 March 2012}}</ref> Esonụ a na-agba ọsọ nke na-akụda fixtures, gụnyere a kpata ajọ 3-1 ọnwụ ka Napoli na -agbachitere Njikọ gburugburu nke 16 mbụ ụkwụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2012/matches/round=2000264/match=2007666/postmatch/report/index.html|title=UEFA Champions League 2011/12 – History – Napoli-Chelsea –|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> na a 1-0 mmeri na West Brom, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2109671/West-Bromwich-1-Chelsea-0-McAuleys-late-strike-heaps-pressure-AVB.html|title=West Bromwich 1 Chelsea 0: McAuley's late strike heaps the pressure on AVB|date=3 March 2012}}</ref> Villas-Boas a Sacked site Chelsea nwe Roman Abramovich . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2110027/Andre-Villas-Boas-sacked-Chelsea.html|title=Villas-Boas sacked by Chelsea as Roman swings the axe after West Brom woe|date=4 March 2012}}</ref> N'ime egwuregwu abụọ a, Mikel bụ onye edochi anya Blues. <ref name="autogeneratedcc">{{Cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/60503/john-mikel-obi?cc=5901|title=John Mikel Obi Bio, Stats, News – Football / Soccer – – ESPNFC|publisher=ESPN|date=22 April 1987|accessdate=25 August 2020|archivedate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123051234/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/60503/john-mikel-obi?cc=5901}}</ref> Na-esochi nhọpụta onye bụbu onye Chelsea bọọlụ Roberto Di Matteo dị ka onye nkuzi oge, Mikel pụtara na 16 n'ime klọb iri abụọ gara aga wee bido na 14 n'ime ha, wee malite igwu ụfọdụ bọl bọọlụ kachasị mma maka klọb ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/05/19/3114433/john-obi-mikel-joins-league-of-champions|title=John Obi Mikel joins League of Champions}}</ref> Mikel gbararụrụ bọl nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu na mmeri 2-1 nke Chelsea meriri Liverpool na FA Cup Final na May 5 na 2012, mana ọnwere kaadị edo edo na nkeji nke 36. <ref name="footballfollower1"/> Premier League nke 2011-12 hụrụ ka Mikel pụtara na bọl ụgboro iri abụọ na abụọ, bido n'ime egwuregwu iri na ise, maa gbakwa bọọlụ ụgboro asatọ maka n'duga n'usoro otu ahụ na 2012 UEFA Champions League Final na Bayern Munich . <ref name="autogeneratedcc"/> Na egwuregwu nke ikpeazụ na Munich na Mee 19, Mikel gbara nkeji otu narị na iri abụọ mgbe ọgụ nke otu abụọ ahụ butere ha ịgba 1-1. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|last=McNulty|first=Phil|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18044385|title=BBC Sport – Chelsea 1–1 Bayern Munich (aet, 4–3 pens)|publisher=BBC|date=19 May 2012}}</ref> Chelsea lụrụ ọgụ siri ike na onye ọrụ Sky Sports nke bu Jamie Redknapp siri na MIkel gosipụta na ọ na-egwu egwuregwu dị mma, maa tinye "arụmọrụ ndiche nke'm echeghị na ọ nwere, na-agbanyụ ọkụ ebe niile na egwuregwu ahụ" Chelsea mecha nwe mmeri 4-3 site na na ntaramahụhụ penaltị. Ka agbara chara bọọlụ ahụ di oke egwu, Mikel gwara ndị nta akụkọ na ọ bụ "abalị kachasị mma na ndụ anyị ." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/05/20/3115134/mikel-it-is-the-biggest-night-of-our-lives|title=Mikel: It is the biggest night of our lives}}</ref> Ọrụ dị egwu Mikel rụrụ na ngwụcha nke oge a na nnukwu ihe ọ mere mgbe Chelsea gbaa na Munich nyeere Chelsea aka ịnọ ná enweta ohere na asọmpi Champions League na afọ ọzọ na-agbanyeghị na ha gbara onye isii, mekwa ndị Tottenham banye na UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/may/20/harry-redknapp-spurs-europa-league|first=Sachin|last=Nakrani|title=Harry Redknapp and Spurs given bitter pill of Europa League by Chelsea|date=20 May 2012}}</ref> ==== Oge bọl 2012–13 ==== Mikel bidoro egwuregwu ise ndị mbụ nke Chelsea na e oge ọhụụ Premier League nke 2012 - 13, yana asọmpi nke Community Shield megide Manchester City <ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Ben|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19133978|title=BBC Sport – Chelsea 2–3 Man City|publisher=BBC|date=12 August 2012}}</ref> na Super Cup megide Atlético Madrid . N’ọnwa Nọvemba, aha Mikel dị na ndepụta ọkpụkpọ nke African Footballer of the Year ya na Didier Drogba onye otu Chelsea na oge garaaga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/premier-league/chelsea-arsenal-stars-nominated-for-fifa-award?state=00cae4ebd79540569b31a9952e36dbe0|title=Chelsea & Arsenal stars nominated for FIFA award|publisher=Give Me Football|date=15 November 2012}}</ref> [[Usòrò:John_Obi_Mikel_Chelsea_vs_AS-Roma_10AUG2013.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|219x219px| Mikel na akwado egwuregwu megide Roma na August 2013. ]] Ndi Football Association (FA) boro Mikel ebubo omume ojoo mbọchị 22 November 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20420934|title=Mark Clattenburg cleared by FA as Chelsea's Mikel is charged|publisher=BBC Sport|date=22 November 2012}}</ref> E nyere ya mmachibido egwuregwu atọ ya na ụtụ £60,000 ntaramahụhụ maka onye ọka ikpe Mark Clattenburg ọkpari ma gwakwuo ajo okwu mgbe Chelsea meriri Manchester United. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20631964|title=John Mikel Obi banned for Mark Clattenburg threats|publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20020062|title=Chelsea 2–3 Manchester United|publisher=}}</ref> Na 5 Disemba 2012, Mikel na Chelseas bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nke iji debe ya na klọb ahụ ruo n'afọ 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chelseafc.com/news-article/article/3001387/title/five-more-years-for-mikel|title=FIVE MORE YEARS FOR MIKEL|date=5 December 2012|accessdate=5 December 2012|publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> ==== Oge bọl 2013 –14 ==== [[Usòrò:John_Obi_Mikel_02_Chelsea_vs_AS-Roma_10AUG2013.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|317x317px| Mikel na-egwuru egwu bọl na Chelsea n'afọ 2013 ]] Na 21 Septemba 2013, Mikel gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Premier League nke mbụ mgbe ha mmeri Fulham 2-0. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/chelsea-2-fulham-0-mikel-scores-first-premier-league-goal-as-chelsea-brush-aside-crisis-talk-to-go-top-8831740.html|title=Chelsea 2 Fulham 0: Mikel scores first Premier League goal as Chelsea brush aside crisis talk to go top|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=2 September 2014}}</ref> Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke abụọ n'oge ahụ na agba nke atọ nke Chelsea na Derby County na mbọchị 5 Jenụwarị 2014. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ Mikel mmeghe ndị Chelsea ụzọ na mmeri nke 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25539733|title=John Mikel Obi and Oscar scored second-half goals for Chelsea to set up an FA Cup fourth round tie at home to Stoke and knock a resurgent Championship side Derby out of the competition.|publisher=BBC Sport|date=5 January 2014|accessdate=3 February 2014}}</ref>O mezuru ụgboro narị abụọ ọ gbara ndi Chelsea bọl na Premier League na ụbọchị nke atọ nke ọnwa Febụwarị, mgbe ọ bata na ama egwuregwu ka onye nnochi anya mgbe ha gbara ma merie Manchester United 1-0 na bee ndị ahụ. ==== Oge bọl 2014–15 ==== Na 30 Ọgọstụ 2014, ewere Mikel mee onye nọchiri anya Willian na nkeji iri asaa na ise. Ngwangwa Mikel guzobere ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke abụọ nke Diego Costa mgbe ọ gbachiri bọọlụ azụ nke Muhamed Bešić . Chelsea gara n'ihu merie 6-3 megide Everton na Goodison Park . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/313409/report|title=Everton v Chelsea – 30th Aug 2014|date=30 August 2014}}</ref> Mikel gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ pụrụ iche megide Sporting CP na 10 December wee sorokwa nye Chelsea mmeri 3-1 na Stamford Bridge na egwuregwu 2014-15 Champions League . ==== Oge bọl 2015–16 ==== Mgbe Chelsea na agba egwuregwu megide Watford na mbọchị Boxing Day 2015, na egwuregwu mbụ nke Guus Hiddink bu onyenchịkwa, Mikel bịara bụrụ onye iri abụọ na otu gbara goro Chelsea bọl ugboro narị atọ na iri ise. Mgbe ahụ Chelsea na Paris Saint-Germain gbara bọl na ụkwụ mbụ nke asọmpi UEFA Champions League nke otu 16. Mikel zutere nzuzu dị nnọọ n'ihu igbe 18 ya. Naanị nkeji ole na ole ka nkea mesịrị, Mikel kwụrụ ụgwọ site na ime ka Chelsea sunye otu ọkpụ. N'ihi mmerụ ahụ John Terry na Gary Cahill, Mikel gbara bọ dịka onye na-echekwa etiti n'etiti ọtụtụ egwuregwu. ==== Oge bọl 2016 –17 ==== Na 4 November 2016, a mara ọkwa na klọb ahụ agaghị emezigharị nkwekọrịta yana Mikel mgbe ọ gwụsịrị na njedebe oge bọl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/chelsea-transfer-news-mikel-john-obi-will-not-be-offered-new-stamford-bridge-deal-and-could-leave-in-a3386961.html|title=Chelsea transfer news: Mikel John Obi will not be offered new Stamford Bridge deal and could leave in January|date=4 November 2016|publisher=Standard}}</ref> === Tianjin TEDA === Na 6 Jenụwarị 2017, klọb bọọlụ na China Tianjin TEDA na Mikel bịanyere aka na ịnyefe n'efu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sports.ifeng.com/a/20170106/50532274_0.shtml}}</ref> Na 14 Eprel 2018, Mikel gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke abụọ ya maka Tianjin megide Guangzhou R&amp;amp;F . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dailypost.ng/2018/04/14/mikel-obi-scores-tiajin-teda-record-second-win/}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ Tianjin TEDA na njedebe nke oge 2018 Chinese Super League na November 2018. === Middlesbrough === Mgbe Mikel nọchara afọ abụọ na China, o sonyeere ndị klọb na English Championship bu Middlesbrough maka ịnọ obele oge. Ọ dị afọ iri atọ na otu mgbe ahụ ma bụrụ onye nweere onwe ya mgbe ọ hapụchara mpaghara Tianjin TEDA .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mfc.co.uk/news/champions-league-winner-john-obi-mikel-joins-boro|title=Champions League Winner John Obref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2110027/Andre-Villas-Boas-sacked-Chelsea.html|title=Villas-Boas sacked by Chelsea as Roman swings the axe after West Brom woe|date=4 March 2012}}i Mikel Joins Boro}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46988202|title=John Mikel Obi: Middlesbrough sign former Chelsea midfielder|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref> Mikel gbara bọọlụ ugboro iteghete ma nye nani otu mgbaru ọsọ mgbe Boro na Rotherham United nwere egwuregwu na 5 Mee 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rotherham 1–2 Middlesbrough|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48081777|accessdate=18 August 2020}}</ref> Ndị Middlesbrough wepu ya na ngwụcha oge 2018-1919 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48458657|title=Stewart Downing: Former England winger among four to leave Middlesbrough|accessdate=30 May 2019}}</ref> === Trabzonspor === N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2019, Mikel sonyeere Trabzonspor na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ yana nhọrọ nke afọ ọzọ Ekwuputara ya na 17 Mach 2020, na Mikel hapụrụ Trabzonspor site na nkwenye n'etiti ndị klọb na ya onwe ya, ka o kwupụtachara nchegbu ya banyere Turkish Super Lig na-aga n'ihu na ajọ ọrịa zuru ụwa ọnụ bu COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: John Mikel Obi leaves Trabzonspor after expressing fears|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/africa/51939149|accessdate=18 March 2020|date=17 March 2020}}</ref> === Stoke City === Mikel bịanyere aka nkwekọrịta otu afọ otu ya na otu EFL Championship, Stoke City na 17 Ọgọst 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Obi Mikel completes switch|url=https://www.stokecityfc.com/news/2020/august/Obi-Mikel-completes-switch/|accessdate=17 August 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=John Mikel Obi: Stoke City sign former Chelsea midfielder|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53790842|accessdate=17 August 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ofesi == [[Usòrò:Iran_and_Nigeria_match_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup_2014-06-12_09.jpg|thumb| Mikel na - egwuri egwu maka Nigeria megide Iran na 2014 FIFA World Cup ]] Mikel nọchitere ndị otu Naịjirịa na-erughi 20 na 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship ma merie ọla ọcha maka onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nke abụọ na asọmpi ahụ (n'azụ Lionel Messi ) ka ndị Naịjirịa gbara ndị onye nke abụọ na esote Argentina . <ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/players/player=234463/profile.html|title=John Obi MIKEL|accessdate=1 July 2014|work=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913053622/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/players/player%3D234463/profile.html|archive-date=13 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> O gbara egwuregwu nke mbụ maka ndị otu isi Nigeria na 17 August 2005, mgbe ọ batara dị ka onye nnọchi nke abụọ nke ọkara na asọmpi enyi na enyi megide Libya . Ọ gbaghị bọọlụ ọzọ tupu a kpọọ aha ya na ndị otu maka asọmpi Africa Cup of Nations nke 2006 . N'egwuregwu mbụ nke Nigeria, megide Ghana, Mikel bụ onye nnọchi mana a kpọ bata ghị ya. Agbanyeghị nkaa, etinyere ya n'ime egwuregwu nke abụọ megide Zimbabwe n'isi ọkara nke abụọ. N'ime nkeji iri ọ batara, ọ gbara bọl site na akụkụ isi abụọ nke nyere Christian Obodo aka ka o sunye ọkpụ abụọ ya bu ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ maka Nigeria. Mikel soro na mbido egwuregwu nke mba ụwa mbụ na egwuregwu Naịjirịa na Senegal nke ndi otu Mikel nwere mmeri 2-1.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/4648890.stm|title=Nigeria 2–0 Zimbabwe|publisher=BBC|date=27 January 2006|accessdate=1 July 2014}}</ref> [[Usòrò:John_Obi_Mikel-Nigeria.jpg|thumb| Mikel soro Nigeria na 2017 ]] N’afọ 2007, a kwụpụrụ Mikel site na ndị otu na gbara Naịjirịa bọl megide ndị mba ofesi mgbe onye njikwa Berti Vogts tụpụrụ Mikel na ndị otu egwuregwu maka asọmpi iAfrican Cup of Nations qualifier megide Niger maka ọbiaghị egwuregwu nke mbụ ha mere megide Uganda . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6899008.stm|title=Nigeria stand firm on Mikel|date=14 July 2007|accessdate=1 July 2014|work=BBC}}</ref> Mikel kọwara na ọbu mmerụ ahụ kpatara nka, mana n'ihi na ọ gaghị nyocha ndị nweere onwe nke ndị ọrụ ala Nigeria, ekweghị akụkọ ya. Nke a, na otú ọsiri jụụ igba bọl maka otu ndị n'erubeghị afọ iri atọ na Nigeria , mere ka enye ya na ya nkwusioru site n'aka Nigeria Football Federation . Mgbe ọ rịọrịrị mgbaghara, agbaghara ya maa kpọọ ya ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu egwuregwu maka asọmpi Africa Cup of Nations nke 2008 na [[Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2287922/Premier-League-stars-at-African-Cup-of-Nations.html|title=Premier League stars at African Cup of Nations|date=4 January 2008|accessdate=1 July 2014|work=The Telegraph}}</ref> N'ime asọmpị ahụ, ọ gbara otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ ma nyere aka na otu egwuregwu megide Benin iji nyere Nigeria aka iru eru maka asọmpị nke asatọ megide Ghana ndị nwere mmeri 2-1 megide Mikel na ndị otu ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/7224153.stm|title=Quarter-finals|date=3 February 2008|accessdate=1 July 2014|work=BBC}}</ref> [[Usòrò:FWC_2018_-_Group_D_-_NGA_v_ISL_-_Photo_31.jpg|thumb| Mikel gbara Nigeria megide Iceland na FIFA FIFA World 2018 ]] Akpọ Mikel maka igba bọl nke ndị n'erubeghị afọ iri atọ maka njikere nke otu ahụ na egwuregwu ikpeazụ Olympic nke ha nwere na 26 March 2008. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6226934.stm|title=Nigeria axe Chelsea's Obi|publisher=BBC Sport|date=21 June 2007|accessdate=21 June 2007|first=Oluwashina|last=Okeleji}}</ref> Ọ bịaghị maka bọọlụ ọ bụla chaa chaa. Nke a wetara mkpọtụ na mgbagha na ebe onye nkuzi otu U23 Samson Siasia nọọ, onye tụpụrụ ya n'egwuregwu Olympic n'etiti ọgba aghara dị egwu nke ndị mgbasa ozi ekwu okwu maka ya. Na 5 June 2010, Mikel apụtaghị na FIFA World Cup na [[South Africa]] 2010 n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ọ nwere. Ọ nọ na-agbasi mbọ ike ka ọ gbakee site na nsogbu ikpere nke ọwachara ya na May. Ma na a kọọrọ akụkọ na na-ekwu na mmerụ ahụ nkwonkwo ụkwụ bụ ụta maka nke ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/jun/05/world-cup-mikel-john-obi|title=World Cup 2010: Mikel John Obi ruled out of Nigeria's campaign|date=5 June 2010|work=The Guardian|accessdate=5 June 2010|first=Alan|last=Gardner}}</ref> N'oge asọmpi Africa Cup of Nations nke 2013, Mikel bụ nnukwu onye isi ọkpụkpọ maka Nigeria na egwuregwu ahụ. Ndi Confederation of African Football (CAF) kpọrọ ya aha n'ime ndị otu egwuregwu ahụ n'etiti ndị otu egwuregwu ndị ọzọ dịka Vincent Enyeama, Efe Ambrose, Victor Moses na Emmanuel Emenike . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/32774/2013-africa-cup-of-nations-team-of-the-tournament|title=2013 Afcon Team of the Tournament|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=1 July 2014}}</ref> Mikel gbara egwuregwu FIFA World Cup nke mbụ ya na asọmpi 2014 na [[Brazil]], wee nweta nturu ugo ka nwoke nke egwuregwu ahụ na bọọlụ nmepe Super Eagles gbara Iran <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255931/match=300186505/man-of-the-match.html|title=Iran 0–0 Nigeria|accessdate=1 July 2014|work=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703020327/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255931/match=300186505/man-of-the-match.html|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ma nyere ndị otu ahụ aka iru ọkwa nke mbụ ya kemgbe 1998. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/WorldCupIn/104887.aspx|title=Africa makes history as two sides reach World Cup knockout stage|accessdate=1 July 2014|work=Ahram}}</ref> Ndị Nigeria họpụtara ya maka ndị otu mmadụ iri atọ na ise ga-eme agba egwuregwu maka asọmpi nke oge ọkọchị na2016 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763|title=Kelechi Iheanacho included in Nigeria's Olympics squad|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=25 June 2016|first=Oluwashina|last=Okeleji|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref>, emesia akpọ ya onye isi ndị otu egwuregwu Olympics . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://punchng.com/mikel-makes-olympics-squad-awoniyi-standby/|title=Mikel makes Olympics squad, Awoniyi on standby|date=24 July 2016|accessdate=24 July 2016|publisher=Punch}}</ref> Na 13 Ọgọst 2016, Mikel tinyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya n'egwuregwu Olympic na mmeri nke 2-0 megide Denmark iji gafere na ọkara ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/927259-rio-olympics-mikel-shines-as-nigeria-spank-denmark.html|title=Rio Olympics: Mikel shines as Nigeria spank Denmark|date=13 August 2016}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ emeriri Germany na 2-1, Nigeria gara n'ihu na asọmpi ọla kọpa megide Honduras . Na 20 August, Mikel nyeere Nigeria aka inweta ọla nze atọmge ha meriri Honduras. Naịjirịa ghọrọ obodo mbụ ritere mmeri atọ n'egwuregwu Olympic - ndị otu egwuregwu 1996 nwere mmeri ọlaedo, ma ndị otu 2008 wee nweta ọla ọcha na asọmpi Olympics. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37143594|title=Olympics 2016: Nigeria beat Honduras to win men's football bronze|date=20 August 2016|publisher=BBC Sports|last=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina}}</ref> N'ime asọmpi iko mba ụwa FIFA nke 2018 megide Algeria, Mikel gbara otu mgbaru ọsọ wee nyere onye otu Chelsea ibe ya aka bụ Victor Moses na mmeri 3-1. Na July 2019, o kwuru na iko mba Afrịka nke 2019 ga-abụ asọmpi ikpeazụ ya maka Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48902338|title=Africa Cup of Nations 2019: Mikel Obi admits this will be his last tournament}}</ref> Ọ lara ezumike nka na ngwụcha asọmpi a, nke Naịjirịa bịara nke atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's Odion Ighalo, John Obi Mikel retire from international football|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/nigeria/story/3902061/nigerias-odion-ighalojohn-obi-mikel-retire-from-international-football}}</ref> == Ndụ onye ya == Na 12 August 2011, nna Mikel, Michael Obi bụ onye a na-enyo enyo na a tọọrọ na Nigeria. A gwara Mikel tupu egwu bọọlụ Chelsea na Stoke City ụbọchị abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ họọrọ igwu egwu n'agbanyeghị nchegbu o nwere maka ọdịmma nna ya. Na 15 August 2011, Mikel rịọrọ arịrịọ maka nna ya laghachite n'udo. Ọ gwara ndi Sky Sports News, "Agbalịwo m mgbe niile inyere obodo'm aka, nke a bụ oge obodo ga enyere m aka, onye ọ bụla maara ebe ha roro nna m, biko ya kpọtụrụ m." <ref name="gurdiankidnap">Fifield, Dominic. [https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/aug/15/father-chelsea-mikel-jon-obi Father of Chelsea's Mikel John Obi the victim of kidnapping] The Guardian, 15 August 2011.</ref> <ref>Oluwashina Okeleji [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14528369.stm Mikel appeals for release of abducted father] BBC Sport, 15 August 2011.</ref> A hụrụ Michael Obi na ndụ na 22 Ọgọstụ 2011, n’obodo Nigeria na mpaghara [[Kano]]. A kọrọ na aka ndị uwe ojii akpara go ndị n'tọọrọ ahụ. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14623543.stm John Mikel Obi's father found alive] BBC News. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111103021157/http://socqer.com/questions/862/were-mikel-john-obi-and-his-family-kidnap-targets-in-nigeria/ Were Mikel John Obi and his family kidnap targets?] Socqer.com. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> Na 26 June 2018, awa ole na ole tupu egwuregwu FIFA World Cup, a gwara Mikel banyere n'nwude Michael Obi ọzọ, ma ọ gwaghị onye ọ bụla so n'òtù egwuregwu ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]] steeti kwuru na ha napụtara Michael Obi na abalị abụọ nke ọnwa Juun mgbe akawasịrị agha mgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2018: John Mikel Obi calls for greater security in Nigeria following father's kidnapping|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44702603|accessdate=5 July 2018|publisher=BBC Sport|date=3 July 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's captain got a ransom demand for his kidnapped father hours before a World Cup game|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/03/africa/nigeria-john-mikel-obi-father-kidnapped/index.html|accessdate=5 July 2018|publisher=CNN|date=4 July 2018}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb<ref>{{NFT|12398|name=Obi, John Mikel|accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref>=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Europe<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Obi Mikel|url=https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=69271/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=15 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804150803/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=69271/profile/index.html|archive-date=4 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Lyn |2004 |Tippeligaen |4 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- |2005 |Tippeligaen |2 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !6 !1 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !6 !1 |- | rowspan="12" |Chelsea |2006–07 |Premier League |22 |0 |6 |2 |4 |0 |9 |0 |1 |0 |42 |2 |- |2007–08 |Premier League |29 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |4 |0 |1 |0 |39 |0 |- |2008–09 |Premier League |34 |0 |5 |0 |1 |0 |9 |0 | colspan="2" |— |49 |0 |- |2009–10 |Premier League |25 |0 |3 |0 |2 |0 |4 |0 |1 |0 |35 |0 |- |2010–11 |Premier League |28 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 |1 |0 |37 |0 |- |2011–12 |Premier League |22 |0 |5 |0 |1 |0 |9 |0 | colspan="2" |— |37 |0 |- |2012–13 |Premier League |22 |0 |3 |0 |1 |0 |9 |0 |3 |0 |38 |0 |- |2013–14 |Premier League |24 |1 |2 |1 |2 |0 |7 |0 |1 |0 |36 |2 |- |2014–15 |Premier League |18 |0 |2 |0 |4 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2015–16 |Premier League |25 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |4 |1 |0 |0 |33 |1 |- |2016–17 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !249 !1 !32 !3 !20 !0 !63 !2 !8 !0 !372 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |Tianjin TEDA |2017 |Chinese Super League |13 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |1 |- |2018 |Chinese Super League |18 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !31 !3 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !31 !3 |- |Middlesbrough |2018–19 |EFL Championship |18 |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- |Trabzonspor |2019–20 |Süper Lig |19 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | |0 | colspan="2" |— |24 |0 |- |Stoke City |2020–21 |EFL Championship |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !323 !6 !33 !3 !20 !0 !68 !2 !8 !0 !452 !11 |} === Ofesi === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke otu mba na afọ ! Ndi otu mba ! Afọ ! Mputa ! Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="14" | Naịjirịa | 2006 | 5 | 1 |- | 2007 | 4 | 0 |- | 2008 | 8 | 1 |- | 2009 | 5 | 0 |- | 2010 | 8 | 0 |- | 2011 | 8 | 0 |- | 2012 | 2 | 1 |- | 2013 | 17 | 1 |- | 2014 | 13 | 0 |- | 2015 | 3 | 0 |- | 2016 | 5 | 1 |- | 2017 | 4 | 1 |- | 2018 | 5 | 0 |- | 2019 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Ngụkọta ! 91 ! 6 |} === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị n’agbata ụwa === : ''Ntinye akara na nsonaazụ edepụtara maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ na egosi Nigeria na mbụ.'' <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/64971/Alkhali_Bangoura.html|title=Bangoura, Alkhali|publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Ee e. ! ụbọchị ! Ebe ! Onye iro ! Akara ! N'ihi ! Asọmpi |- | 1. | 27 Jenụwarị 2006 | Egwuregwu Port Said, Port Said, Egypt |Ndị Zimbabwe | align="center" | '''2''' –0 | align="center" | 2–0 | Afọ 2006 Mba Ndị Africa |- | 2. | 29 Jenụwarị 2008 | Ebe egwuregwu Sekondi-Takoradi, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana |Benin | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | align="center" | 2–0 | Afọ 2008 Africa Cup of Nations |- | 3. | 13 Ọktoba 2012 | UJ Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria |Liberia | align="center" | '''4''' –1 | align="center" | 6–1 | Asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2013 |- | 4. | 20 June 2013 | Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova, Salvador, Brazil |Urugueka | align="center" | '''1''' –1 | align="center" | 1-2 | 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup |- | 5. | 12 Nọvemba 2016 | rowspan="2" | Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria |Algeria | align="center" | '''2''' –0 | align="center" | 3-1 | rowspan="2" | Asọmpi iko mbaụwa nke FIFA 2018 |- | 6. | 1 Septemba 2017 |Kameruun | align="center" | '''2''' –0 | align="center" | 4–0 |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Chelsea''' * Premier League : 2009–10, 2014–15 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/3102/John-Obi-Mikel/overview|title=John Obi Mikel: Overview|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=17 April 2018}}</ref> * Iko FA : 2006–77, 2008–09, 2011–12 * Iko Njikọ bọọlụ : 2006-07 * FA Community Shield : 2009 * UEFA Champions League : 2011–12 * UEFA Europa League : 2012–13 * Iko Turkey : 2019–20 '''Nigeria''' * Iko Mba Afrịka : 2013 '''Nigeria Olympic''' * Nzere maka ọla kọpa nke Olympics : 2016 '''Nke ya onwe ya''' * FIFA World Ball Championship Silver Ball: 2005 * CAF Most Promising Talent Afọ : 2005 * Chelsea Young Player nke Afọ: 2007, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2014/05/hazard-wins-player-of-the-year.html|title=Hazard wins player of the year}}</ref> 2008 == Ebe nsidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fmkxvj9rhr6ovbcrstuqzcpza7x3sb5 0 9979 727710 724526 2026-09-24T19:39:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Florence Kikelomo Ajayi''' {{Audio|Yo-Florence Kikelomo Ajayi.ogg|Audio}} bụ onye [[Naijiria|na]] - agbachitere '''Naịjirịa eguregwu''' '''bọọlụ''', <ref>[http://olajidefashikun.blogspot.de/2010/09/why-kikelomo-ajayi-will-never-play-for.html WHY KIKELOMO AJAYI WILL NEVER PLAY FOR FALCONS AGAIN]</ref> na-agbakwa '''bọọlụ''' ugbu a na Dínamo Guadalajara na ngalaba nke abụọ nke [[Spain|Spanish]]. <ref>[http://ffemenino.es/noticias-2-division-grupo-7/242-dinamo-guadalajara/1933-el-dinamo-guadalajara-ficha-a-la-nigeriana-kikelomo-ajayi Dínamo Guadalajara signs Nigerian Florence Ajayi.] FFemenino.es, 20 May 2013</ref> == Ọrụ == Ajayi bidoro ọrụ ya na [[:en:Nigerian_Women's_Championship|Nigerian Championship]] maka Koko Queens, Rivers Angels, Jagede Babes na Pelican Stars. Mgbe ọ gbachara 1999 World Cup ọ bịanyere aka na 1.FFC Niederkirchen na [[Jémanị|German]] Bundesliga, ebe ọ nọrọ oge abụọ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ndị uwe ojii na Bayelsa Queen ruo n’afọ 2008 mgbe ọ kwagara na Tianjin Teda nke [[:en:China|Chinese]] [[:en:Chinese_Women's_Super_League|Super League]]<nowiki/>na otu [[China|ndị]] Super League . Na 2010, ọ laghachiri na European leagues mgbe otu afọ gachara, nọrọkwa na-egwuri egwu na-aga nke ọma maka Krka Novo Mesto na Slovenia, Pogoń Szczecin na Poland na Dínamo Guadalajara na ọkwa nke Spanish abụọ. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131031185046/http://www.nzs.si/index.php?t=ligeKlubIgralci&l=sl&sifra_kluba=900&sifra_lige=SZNL1112&pageNodeid=989 Statistics] in the [[Slovenian Football Association]]'s website</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2012/07/kikelomo-ajayi-signs-2-years-deal-in-poland|title=Kikelomo Ajayi Signs 2 Years Deal in Poland|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2013-01-19|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130119153523/http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2012/07/kikelomo-ajayi-signs-2-years-deal-in-poland}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pilkarki.com/letnia-gielda-transferowa/|title=Letnia giełda transferowa|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2016-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327063226/http://pilkarki.com/letnia-gielda-transferowa/}}</ref> == International == Dika otu onye n'ime ndi [[:en:Nigeria_women's_national_football_team|Nigerian national team]], onwetara mmeri ise na African Championship site n’agbata 1998 na 2006, ma sorokwa na 1999 na 2003 World Cups <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150711072407/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=181/index.html Statistics] in [[FIFA]]'s website</ref> na 2000 na 2008 <ref>[http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=58738/bio/index.html 2008 Olympics archive] in [[NBC]]'s website</ref> [[:en:Summer_Olympics|Summer Olympics]]. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onyeisi ndị otu egwuregwu umunwanyị nke Nigeria . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120611121035/http://nationalmirroronline.net/sports/sport-new/26230.html Kikelomo Ajayi:Bring Sam Okpodu back to Falcons] [[National Mirror]]</ref> == Ihe odide ala ala peeji == * A–1 FIFA World Cup (including qualifications) and Olympics matches only. == Ntughari == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajayi, Florence}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 89z86g0cyf4uxibhv2webdhrrhgdiih 0 9988 727636 724532 2026-09-24T14:10:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ebere Orji''' {{Audio|Ig-Ebere Orji.ogg|audio}}(a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 23 n'ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 1992) bụ nwaafọ [[Naijiria]] n'agba bọọlụ na mba ụwa <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/06/falcons-not-scared-of-germany-ebere-orji/|title=Falcons not scared of Germany – Ebere Orji – Vanguard News|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=7 December 2014}}</ref> nke na-agbara ndi Linköpings bọọlụ ugbu a na Damallsvenskan nke mba Swidin . Ọ gbabuuru ọtụtụ klọb bọọlụ na Naijiria, Swidin na Họngarị <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebere Orji :: Ebere Orji :: Umea IK|url=http://www.playmakerstats.com/player_seasons.php?id=153828|work=www.playmakerstats.com|accessdate=3 November 2019|archivedate=14 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114082315/http://www.playmakerstats.com/player_seasons.php?id=153828}}</ref> mana nke a kachasị mara bụ Ferencváros na [[:en:Női_NB_I|Női NB I]] nke mba Họngarị na Rivers Angels na Nigeria Women Premier League nke obodo ya. Ọ nọchitekwala anya Naijiria n'ọkwa mba ụwa dịka akụkụ nke otu egwuregwu n'agba nke ikpezụ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="2011 FIFA Women's World Cup" class="cx-link" data-linkid="135">2011 FIFA Women's World Cup</a>, yana Under 20 na Under 17 World Cup. == Ọrụ klọb == Ya na ndị Rivers Angels, otu mgbe o meriri site n'inye goolu ugborougboro megide COD United Ladies na mmeri 6-1 n'ụzọ ha i ji merie Federation Cup n'afọ 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MERCILESS ANGELS THRASH SORRY C.O.D BABES|url=https://finixsports.wordpress.com/2014/07/11/merciless-angels-thrash-sorry-c-o-d-babes/|accessdate=3 November 2019|language=en|date=11 July 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivers Angels Lift FA Cup With Falcons Players – The Newswriter|url=http://www.thenewswriterng.com/2014/11/28/rivers-angels-lift-fa-cup-with-falcons-players/|accessdate=3 November 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2015 ya na Ferencváros, o nwetere mmeri n'asọmpi nke Họngarị ( Női NB I ) na Hungarian Cup. N'oge a gbara agba nke afọ 2016-17, Orji mechara bụrụ onye kachasị nye goolu na Női NB I site n'inye goolu iri abụọ na asaa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=A Női Labdarúgó Bajnokságok oldala|url=http://www.noilabdarugas.hu/index.php?ugras=statikus&statoldal=3630|accessdate=31 October 2019|archivedate=13 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113161226/http://www.noilabdarugas.hu/index.php?ugras=statikus&statoldal=3630}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Orji nwetara ihe nrite [[:en:Elitettan|Elitettan]] na Umeå IK, site n'inye goolu iri na otu n'ime egwuregwu iri abụọ na isii. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Players – Elitettan – Sweden – Results, fixtures, tables and news – Soccerway|url=https://us.soccerway.com/national/sweden/division-1-women/2019/regular-season/r50522/players/?ICID=PL_3N_04|accessdate=3 November 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, Orji mere bidoro asọmpi ya na mba ụwa na [[:en:Nigeria_women's_national_under-17_football_team|Nigeria women's under-17s]] na mmepe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_FIFA_U-17_Women's_World_Cup" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup" class="cx-link" data-linkid="151">U-17 Women's World Cup</a> n'afọ 2008 na mmeri 1-2 nke Saụt Koria n'egwuregwu nke otu. Orji nyere goolu mbụ ya na mba na Under-17s na otu ndorondoro a na goolu 2-2 ha na Brazil ., ma "o wutere ya" ka e mesịrị chụpụ ya n'otu egwuregwu ahụ. Ka ụbọchị iri na asaa a chụpụchara ya na egwuregwu ha na mba Brazil gasịrị, Orji nọchitekwara anya Naịjirịa ọzọ, na nke ugbu a ọ nọ n'ogo Under-20 na [[:en:2008_FIFA_U-20_Women's_World_Cup|2008 under-20 Women's World Cup]]. Orji nyere goolu na mpụta mbụ ya, ha na ndị Ingland gbara 1-1 ma nyekwazie goolu abụọ karịa dịka Frans mechara gbapụ ndị Falconets na nkeji nke atọ site na mmeri 2-3. {{Quote box||width=30%|align=right|quote="This was my best World Cup experience. To play in the final against the host was a terrific achievement and to come home with a silver medal is something I will cherish forever.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria stars reflect on U-17 introduction |url=https://static.fifa.com/u17womensworldcup/news/y=2016/m=9/news=nigeria-stars-reflect-on-u-17-introduction-2835647.html |website=FIFA.com |accessdate=3 November 2019 |language=en |date=21 September 2016 |archivedate=3 November 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103182632/https://static.fifa.com/u17womensworldcup/news/y%3D2016/m%3D9/news%3Dnigeria-stars-reflect-on-u-17-introduction-2835647.html }}</ref>"}}N'afọ abụọ ka nke a gasịrị, a kpọghachiri Orji ka o soro ndị otu Under-20 maka asọmpi <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_U-20_Women's_World_Cup" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup" class="cx-link" data-linkid="162">2010 U-20 Women's World Cup</a> were hụ ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka otu n'ime nke otu ahụ meriri ndị na-agbachitere Amerịka na nkeji nke atọ ma mesịa ruo na ngwụcha nke asọmpi a, jiri obere dapụ site na mmeri 2-0 Jamini ndị a sọrọmpi na be ha meriri ha. <ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup 2010 – News – Germany triumph on home turf – FIFA.com|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/germany-triumph-home-turf-1280838|access-date=2020-11-13|archive-date=2019-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103192909/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/germany-triumph-home-turf-1280838|url-status=dead}}</ref> Orji nọ n'otu egwuregwu a mgbe niile,ma nyekwa goolu abụọ n'asọmpi ahụ, otu mgbe bụ naanị goolu ya nyere Naijiria mmeri na nkeji ha meriri Kolombia tupu nkeji ikpeazụ asọmpi ahụ . Orji pụtara otu sinio mbụ ya n'asọmpi enyi na enyi Naịjirịa gbara megide Jamini, kosiladị a gbanwere ya mgbe nkeji iri abụọ na iteghete gachara, were merie Naịjirịa 8-0. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Germany – Nigeria 8:0 (Women Friendlies 2010, November)|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/report/frauen-freundschaft-2010-november-deutschland-nigeria/}}</ref> Orji so na ndị otu Naịjirịa nke meriri n'asọmpị[[:en:2010_African_Women's_Championship|2010 African Women's Championship]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.cafonline.com/userfiles/file/Comp/AWC2010/List_Players_AWC2010.pdf|accessdate=3 November 2019|date=28 September 2012|archivedate=28 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928064407/http://www.cafonline.com/userfiles/file/Comp/AWC2010/List_Players_AWC2010.pdf}}</ref> O pụtakwara na [[:en:2012_African_Women's_Championship|2012 African Women's Championship]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.cafonline.com/userfiles/file/Comp/AWC2013/List_of_players.pdf|accessdate=3 November 2019|date=22 February 2013|archivedate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222184107/http://www.cafonline.com/userfiles/file/Comp/AWC2013/List_of_players.pdf}}</ref> Oge mbu ọ pụtara na World Cup bụ na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="2011 FIFA Women's World Cup" class="cx-link" data-linkid="174">2011 Women's World Cup</a>, bido na egwuregwu atọ nke ndị otu. Naịjirịa emerighị n'egwuregwu ndị otu a. N'afọ 2012, Orji nọchitere anya ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na [[:en:2012_FIFA_U-20_Women's_World_Cup|2012 U-20 Women's World Cup]], nke pụtara dịka onye nnọchite n'egwuregwu niile nke Naịjirịa ruo mgbe Amerịka chụpụrụ ha n'ọkara nke ikpeazụ. Orji chịkọtara egwuregwu iri na ise na Naijiria n'okpuru otu ndị na-erubeghị afọ 20 n'etiti afọ 2008 n'afọ 2012, ma nye goolu 5. == Ihe nrite == === Klọb === ; Delta Queens * [[:en:Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|Nigeria Women Premier League]]: Onye mmeri 2009 * [[:en:Aiteo_Cup|Aiteo Cup]]: Onye mmeri 2009 ; <nowiki><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_Angels_F.C." rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Rivers Angels F.C." class="cx-link" data-linkid="189">Rivers Angels</a></nowiki> * [[:en:Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|Nigeria Women Premier League]]: Onye mmeri 2010, 2014 * [[:en:Aiteo_Cup|Aiteo Cup]]: Onye mmeri 2010, 2011, 2012 ; Ferencváros * [[:en:Női_NB_I|Női NB I]]: Onye mmeri 2015–16 * [[:en:Női_NB_I|Női NB I]]: Onye na-esote onye mmeri 2016–17 * Nöi Magyar Kupa: Onye mmeri 2015–16, 2016–17 ; Umeå IK * Elitettan : Onye mmeri 2019 === Mba ụwa === ; <nowiki><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_women's_national_under-20_football_team" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Nigeria women's national under-20 football team" class="cx-link" data-linkid="207">Nigeria U-20s</a></nowiki> * U-20 World Cup : Onye na-esote onye mmeri 2010 ; Naijiria * [[:en:2010_African_Women's_Championship|African Women's Championship]]: Onye mmeri 2010 == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] ngyg64ruem9q4obrt6haxbd58k4whlz 0 10022 727656 724555 2026-09-24T16:31:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emueje Ogbiagbevha''' bụ onye egwu '''bọọlụ Naịjirịa na-agbara''' FC Minsk [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ugbu a na Premier League nke Belarus . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2017/clubs/player=250040841/index.html|title=Emueje Ogbiagbevha – Profile|accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> Ọ gaburu bọọlụ na BIIK Kazygurt na Kazakhstani Championship, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131104185226/http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2013/clubs/club=2604697/index.html BIIK Kazygurt squad] in [[UEFA]]'s website</ref> na Russian Championship mgbe ọ nọ na Rossiyanka na Energiya Voronezh . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fcenergy.ru/index.php?p=3_9&n=61|title=ФК "Энергия". Официальный сайт|publisher=Fcenergy.ru|date=|accessdate=2011-10-08}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye kachasị nweta akara goolu nke afọ 2010 n'egwuregwu ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/russia/womens-premier-league/2010/regular-season/|title=Summary – Supreme Division – Russia – Results, fixtures, tables and news|publisher=Women Soccerway|date=2011-05-26|accessdate=2011-10-08}}</ref> mgbe ọ na-agbara ndị Rossiyanka bọọlụ, nke o meriri okpukpu abụọ. Ọ gbabuorola ndị otu Energiya Voronezh na Kazygurt bọọlụ na Champions League, ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa. Nkwekorita ya na BIIK Kazygurt bịara na njedebe na ngwụch nke afọ 2012.  N’afọ 2016, Ogbiagbevha banyere otu egwuregwu FC Minsk . N'oge egwuregwu bọọlụ afọ 2019-2020, ọ ghọọrọ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ nwetara ihe nrite (nkekọrịta) UEFA Women's Champions League topscorer. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/nigerias-oghiabekhva-makes-history-as-first-african-to-win-uefa-womens-champions-league-golden-boot-award-eef0ca75-ab74-4c3c-8b21-e8d37db87ba6</ref> Mgbe oge ahụ gasịrị, nkwekọrịta ya gwụchara na Minsk. <ref>https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/minsk-part-ways-with-emuidzhi-oghiabekhva-and-chioma-wogu/148y97poi1r7t1w3415tfrf0tb</ref> == Ọrụ mmalite == Ọ gbabuola bọọlụ na Pelican Stars FC, Nasarawa Amazons na Delta Queens FC na Nigeria Women Premier League . <ref>{{Cite web|title=From The NWFL Premiership To TopScorer In Europe: The Story Of Emueje Ogbiagbevha|url=https://www.thenwfl.com/from-the-nwfl-premiership-to-topscorer-in-europe-the-story-of-emueje-ogbiagbevha/|accessdate=2020-11-15|archivedate=2020-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926213247/https://www.thenwfl.com/from-the-nwfl-premiership-to-topscorer-in-europe-the-story-of-emueje-ogbiagbevha/}}</ref> == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogbiagbevha, Emueje}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ na mba ụwa]] knvouxhe484lhnvdp2fatojmd5nlpfd 0 10072 727870 724591 2026-09-25T08:16:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Jidenna (33581755805).jpg|thumb|Jidenna ebe ọ na-abụ abụ na agba egwú]] '''Jidenna Theodore Mobisson''' {{Audio|Ig-Jidenna Theodore Mobisson.ogg|Audio}}(a mụrụ ya na Mee 4, 1985). Ọ bụ sọọsọ '''Jidenna ka, eji''' mara ya.Ọ bụ onye Naịjirịa ma bụrụkwa Amerịkan rapa, na-agụ egwú, Odee egwu, na onye mmepụta ndekọ egwu. Na 2015, Jidenna wepụtara egwu abụọ, "Classic Man " na "Yoga",nke na-akwalite lebeelụ Jane lle Monáe Wondaland nchịkọta ndekọ egwu EP ''The Eephus'' ya naEpic Records . E wepụtara abọm mbụ ya, ''The Chief'' na Febuarị 17, 2017 nke bụ nọmba 38 na <nowiki><i id="mwHA">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 . == Mmalite ndụ na agụm akwụkwọ == A mụrụ Jidenna Theodore Mobisson na Mee 4, 1985 na Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. <ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star Is Found: Jidenna Mobisson: A "Classic Man"|url=http://flavorpill.com/ntl/article/music/a-star-is-found-jidenna-mobisson-a-classic-man|publisher=Flavorpill Media|accessdate=April 21, 2015|date=March 20, 2015|archivedate=March 23, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323154055/http://flavorpill.com/ntl/article/music/a-star-is-found-jidenna-mobisson-a-classic-man}}</ref> <ref name="billboard.com">Amaya Mendizabal, [https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6568270/tomorrows-hits-jidenna-ashley-clark-jasmine-thompson "Tomorrow's Hits: Jidenna, Ashley Clark & Jasmine Thompson"], ''Billboard'', May 15, 2015: "Born in Wisconsin, and raised for a period in Nigeria, the nomadic singer has since resided in several stateside cities and is currently based in Brooklyn."</ref> Nna ya bụ Tama Mobisson bụ onye na-ahụ maka ego ebe nne ya bụ Oliver Mobisson, bụ [[Naijiria|onye]] mmụta [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo na]] [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . Jidenna tolitere nwantịtị oge na Naịjirịa, ebe nna ya na-aru ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi nke sayensi kọmputa na Enugu State University . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web}}</ref> Mgbe Jidenna dị afọ isii, ezinụlọ ya laghachiri United Steeti. Na 1995, ezinụlọ kwagara Norwood, Massachusetts, wee mesịa gaa Milton, Massachusetts, na 2000. Nna ya nwụrụ na 2010. Na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndịrị ọ chọpụtara ngalaba otu rapụ nke akpọrọ Black Spadez, ọ were malite imepụta, ịhazi na ide ihe. Jidenna wepụtara abọm mbụ ya nke ya na Black Spadez tiri dịka ọrụ ikpeazụ ha na Milton Academy, ebe Jidenna gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2003. <ref name=":0">Murray, Nick. "[https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/magazine-feature/6836030/jidenna-classic-man-success-debut-album-style 'Classic Man' Singer Jidenna on How His Father's Death Inspired His Dandy Style: 'It Was My Way of Grieving']" 16 Jan 2016. ''Billboard Vol 128.1''</ref> Na 2008, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Arts na Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity na Mahadum Stanford, <ref name="People">{{Cite news|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/happy-birthday-jidenna/|publisher=[[People Magazine]]|title=Happy Birthday Jidenna|accessdate=February 28, 2020|archive-date=February 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228052215/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/happy-birthday-jidenna/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="CCSRE">{{Cite web|url=https://ccsre.stanford.edu/20th-anniversary-fall-2016|publisher=Stanford University Center for Comparative Studies in Race & Ethnicity|title=20th Anniversary: Fall 2016|accessdate=February 28, 2020|archivedate=February 28, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228052225/https://ccsre.stanford.edu/20th-anniversary-fall-2016}}</ref> ọ gbasoro ọrụ egwu ya mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi, na-agagharị na obodo ndị a ; Los Angeles, Oakland, Brooklyn na Atlanta, tupu ọ banye na nkwekọrịta ya na onye na-ede ihe ndekọ Janelle Monáe's Wondaland Records. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Janelle Monáe's Artist Jidenna Releases New Music Video 'Classic Man'|url=http://necolebitchie.com/2015/02/janelle-monaes-artist-jidenna-releases-new-music-video-classic-man/|accessdate=March 12, 2015|publisher=Necole Bithcie|archive-date=March 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315042425/http://necolebitchie.com/2015/02/janelle-monaes-artist-jidenna-releases-new-music-video-classic-man/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Jidenna_Seattle2018.jpg|thumb|Jidenna na-egosipụtagna in [[Seattle]]]] Jidenna binyere aka na Janelle Monáe 's Wondaland Records ma kesaa ya site na Epic Records . Ya na ọtụtụ ndị na-eti egwu na labeelụ ha bụ Roman GianArthur, St Beauty, Deep Cotton na Janelle Monáe etikọla egwu. Ọ malite ịdekọba egwu ise nke mbido egwu mbụ ndị (EP), nke akpọrọ ''Eephus'' . Na Febụwarị 2015, Jidenna wepụtara egwu izizi ya, nke akpọrọ " Classic Man " nke gosipụtara GianArthur. Egwú ahụ na-atụgharị ntụgharị dị egwu na United Steeti niile, o were pụta na nọmba 49 na ''chaatị Billboard'' Hot R &amp;amp; B / Hip-Hop Airplay . Na March 31, 2015, Janelle Monáe na Jidenna wepụtara egwu nke abụọ nke sitere na EP - "Yoga". <ref name="Yoga Rolling Stone">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/janelle-monae-flows-through-new-song-yoga-20150331|title=Janelle Monae Flows Through New Song 'Yoga'|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|first=Jon|last=Blistein|date=March 31, 2015|accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref> A họpụtara egwu ya bụ "Classic Man" maka Best Rap / Sung Collaboration na 58th Grammy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/grammys/6785974/grammy-nominations-2016-full-list|title=Grammy Nominations 2016: See the Full List of Nominees|work=Billboard|date=December 7, 2015|accessdate=December 7, 2015}}</ref> Na ọnwa Juunu nke otu afọ ahụ, Jidenna na Monáe gosipụtara egwu ha na BET Awards . <ref name=":0"/> Jidenna natakwara onyinye maka onye ọhụụ kachasị mma na 2015 Soul Train Music Awards na Nọvemba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/videos/popular/6777934/the-weeknd-uptown-funk-jidenna-2015-soul-train-awards|title=The Weeknd, 'Uptown Funk' and Jidenna Big Winners at 2015 Soul Train Awards|last=Mitchell|first=Gail|date=29 November 2015|work=Billboard|accessdate=2016-08-24}}</ref> Jidenna bụ onye guzobere ọgbakọ mmekọrịta "Fear & Fancy", nke bidoro na California n'afọ 2006. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web}}</ref> Otu a bụ mkpokọta mba nke ndị ọchụnta ego, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị nkuzi, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na ndị nka na-akwado nnọkọ maka egwu, oriri nke nri abalị, na ihe ngosipụta na-echeta enyemaka ndị mmadụ na klọbụ obi ụtọ nke New Orleans. <ref name="Apunk">{{Cite news|title=The Door That Opens You: Why Whippa Wiley Brings You Magic, Fear and Fancy|url=http://afropunk.com/2014/11/interview-the-door-that-opens-you-why-whippa-wiley-brings-you-magic-fear-and-fancy/|date=November 10, 2014|archive-date=April 16, 2018|access-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416073502/http://afropunk.com/2014/11/interview-the-door-that-opens-you-why-whippa-wiley-brings-you-magic-fear-and-fancy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Juunu 2016, ọ wepụtara egwu a "Chief Don't Run".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-jidennas-confident-new-song-chief-dont-run-20160628|title=Hear Jidenna's Confident New Song 'Chief Don't Run'|last=Spanos|first=Brittany|date=28 June 2016|publisher=}}</ref> na February 17, 2017, Jidenna weputara ''The Chief'', egwu studiyo abọm ya izizi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/jidenna-announces-release-date-for-debut-album-the-chief-news.28446.html|title=Jidenna Announces Release Date For Debut Album "The Chief"|last=Feig|first=Zakk|publisher=|date=3 February 2017}}</ref> Azụ abọm ya nye gara nnukwu nsọpụrụ n'ebe Boz Scaggs' ''Middle Man'' abọm nọ. E wepụtara egwu nke na-ebu ụzọ bụ "Sufi Woman" and "Tribe" na Julaị 26, 2019 ọ ga-apụtakwa na studiyo abọm ya nke abụọ bụ ''85 to Africa''. Na 2019 Jidenna wepụtara egwu nke abụọ ya bụ "''85 na Africa"''. <ref>http://freemusicempire.com/2019/11/13/my-favorite-album-of-2019</ref> == Ụdịrị ya == Jidenna kwuru na isi ọrụ metụtara n' ụdịrị egwu ọ na-eti gụnyere KRS-One na Big Daddy Kane, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BufatLFvcA|title=Jidenna Details His Choice to Wear Tailored Suits as a Rapper|publisher=VladTV|author=DJ Vlad|accessdate=6 November 2015}}</ref> ya na ụdị egwu Naịjiria Highlife . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6693282/jidenna-made-in-america-classic-man-nigerian-music|title=Jidenna Talks Classic Men and How He's Influenced by Nigerian Music|author=Weiner|publisher=|accessdate=2016-08-24}}</ref> Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, onye otii egwu a, zulitere otu o si ebi ndụ ya na koleeji, ebe ahụ ka ọ nọrọ mụọ maka ihe gbasara ejije n'aka ọkammụta akparamàgwà mmadụ aha ya bụ Philip Zimbardo ..N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ gaghị anabata ụdịrị ejije dandy tupu o ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 2010. <ref name=":0"/> Jidenna kọwara "ọdịdị m bu Harlem Renaissance kpalitere m nke ukwu na obele ihe ọdịnala nke ọdịda anyanwụ West Afrịka ," ya na "obi ụtọ alụm di na nwunye nke ndị Europe na ndị Afrịka na-enye." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fashionbombdaily.com/fashion-bomber-of-the-day-jidenna-from-brooklyn-behind-the-scenes-of-classic-man/|title=Fashion Bomber of the Day: Jidenna from Brooklyn|last=|first=|date=2015-04-17|publisher=The Fashion Bomb LLC|language=en-US}}</ref> Jidenna bi ugbu a na East Flatbush, Brooklyn. <ref name="XXLClassic">{{Cite news|last=Coleman|first=C. Vernon|title=Watch Jidenna and Roman GianArthur's 'Classic Man' Video|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2015/02/watch-jidenna-roman-gianarthurs-classic-man-video/|publisher=XXL Mag|date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> == Mpụta dị na mgbasa ozi ama ama == Na Septemba 2016, e gosipụtara Jidenna na otu ihe ọmụme nwere nkeji na Netflix nke aha ya bụ <nowiki><i id="mwow">Luke Cage</i></nowiki> . Na oge mbu nkeji ise bu "Just to get a Rep", meghere ebe Jidenna na-egosipụta egwu ya bụ "Long Live the Chief" n'ebe e mere dịka obi Eze Harlem. O gosiputara egwu ya bụ" Long Live the Chief" na "Little Bit More" na ndị otu egwu zuru ezu na ''The Daily Show na Trevor Noah'' na Ọktoba 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tunefind.com/show/marvels-luke-cage/season-1/37806|title=Marvel's Luke Cage Music - S1E5: "Just To Get A Rep" - TuneFind|last=|first=|date=|publisher=}}</ref> Jidenna pụtakwara na ihe ọmụme nkeji na ''Insecure'' ndị gụnyere "Thirsty as Fuck," na "Shady as Fuck," nke emere na Nọvemba 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/tvclub/issa-loses-momentum-stagnant-insecure-245087|title=Issa loses momentum in a stagnant Insecure|first=Ashley|last=Ray-Harris|publisher=|access-date=2020-11-17|archive-date=2017-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819101205/http://www.avclub.com/tvclub/issa-loses-momentum-stagnant-insecure-245087|url-status=dead}}</ref> E mere ọbele " Classic Man" na Academy Award mmeri 2016 fiim <nowiki><i id="mwsQ">Moonlight</i></nowiki> . == Ihe nkiri == * ''Wondaland Presents: Eephus'' (2015) * ''The Chief'' (2017) * Boomerang - EP (2017) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hiphopdx.com/reviews/id.3015/title.review-jidenna-snaps-back-to-form-with-boomerang-ep|title=Review: Jidenna Snaps Back To Form With "Boomerang" EP|date=2017-11-13|accessdate=2019-09-03|archivedate=2019-09-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903220534/https://hiphopdx.com/reviews/id.3015/title.review-jidenna-snaps-back-to-form-with-boomerang-ep}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/11/jidenna-drops-surprise-ep-boomerang-stream-download/|title=Jidenna drops surprise EP, Boomerang: Stream/download|date=2017-11-10|accessdate=2019-09-03}}</ref> * ''85 to Africa'' (2019) == Awards and nominations == === Onyinye Grammy ===     Afọ Nhọpụta / ọrụ Awọdụ Rịzọọtụ 2016 "Classic Man" (gosipụtara Roman GianArthur) ọkacha na rapụ/egwu ntikọta họpụtara Afọ Nhọpụta/ ọrụ Awọdụ Rịzọọtụ Rap/Sun Rap/sung === Egwu ụtọ Mkpụrụ Obi ===       Afọ nhọpụta ọrụ Awọdụ rịzọọtụ 2015 Onweya okacha egwu mmeri "Classic Man" (gosipụtara Roman GianArthur) egwu afọ a mmeri Vidiyo afọ a mmeri "Yoga" (ya na Janelle Monáe) ọkacha agba egwu mmeri họpụtaminọrụ wwọdụAwịzọọtụesult ult20 == Nsidee == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5cios6eg5kijdmk0q7zcjo8cz8tbb74 0 10127 727723 725564 2026-09-24T20:41:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox boxer|name=Friday Ahunanya|death_date=|draws=3|losses=8|KO=13|wins=24|total=36|style=[[Orthodox Stance|Orthodox]]|death_place=|birth_place=[[Port Harcourt]], [[Nigeria]]|nationality=Nigerian|birth_date={{birth date and age|1971|11|19|df=y}}|weight=[[Heavyweight]]|height={{height|ft=6|in=0}}|nickname=The 13th|realname=Friday Chinedu Ahunanya|imagesize=|image=<!-- only free-content images are allowed for depicting living people- see [[WP:NONFREE]] -->|no contests=1}}Friday Ahunanya Aha Friday Chinedu Ahunanya Aha otutu The 13th Arọ Oke Arọ Ogo 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Mba Naịjịrịa Ọmụmụ 19 Nọvamba 1971 (afọ 48) Port Harcourt, Naịjirịa Ọnọdụ Ọtọdọsụ Ndekọta Mgba Ọgụ niile 36 Mmeri 24 Mmeri Nkutu 13 Ọdịda 8 Ịha 3 Alụghị 1 '''Friday Chinedu Ahunanya''' (amụrụ ya na 19 Nọvemba 1971 na [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port Harcourt]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ) bu onye na-akụ ọkpọ. <ref name="ESPN.com 2011">{{Cite web|title=Cris Arreola unsatisfied against Friday Ahunanya, but wins big|date=July 10, 2011|url=http://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?id=6753255&columnist=rafael_dan|accessdate=October 1, 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye mgba amaara na-emeri ndị mgba ọzọ atụghị anya na o ga-emeri na kwa maka ọ bị bịa ọ bịara n'ọgụ ESPN. ESPN. Ọ na-alụ ọgụ na Las Vegas, Nevada. == N'amụ ọrụ amụ == * 1994: World Cup, Bangkok, Thailand, Arọ: :* Georgi Kandelaki (Georgia) ji ọnụọgụ merie * 1994: Commonwealth Games, Victoria, Arọ: :* E meriri Roland Raforme (Seychelles) na ọnụọgụ :* E meriri Stephen Gallinger (Canada) na ọnụọgụ == Ọrụ ọkachamara == A maara ya dịka Fraịde "13th", Ahunanya malitere ọrụ ya na 1998 na nkwa dị mma, o meriri ọgụ iri na isii mbụ ya , gunyere mmeri o meriri [[Nate Jones (onye ọkpọ)|Nate Jones]] onye anaghi emeri emeri (16-0-1). N'afọ 2001, Serguei Lyakhovich onye anaghi emeri, meriri ya mbụ. Na 2002, onye French Olimpia Josue Blocus meriri ya. Na 2004 o nwere naanị mbibi mbụ ya mgbe Lance Whitaker kụrụ okpo na anya.Mmeri Whitaker bụ mmalite ọdịda Ahunanya. Ọ gara n'ihu daa na aka Taurus Sykes na "New Mexico", bụ onye a na-anaghị asọpụrụ n'agbanyeghị ndekọ 22-1-1 ya na 2005. Mgbe ahụ, ọ dọtara ya na onye na- esote ya Dominick Guinn, wee nwee ike ịsọ mpi megide atụmanya Sultan Ibragimov (onye nrite ọla ọcha nke Olimpik) na Alexander Povetkin nke 6-0 nke onye nrite ọlaedo. Na 2007, ọ laghachiri azụ were melie Shane Cameron onye New Zealand, mmeri mbụ ya site na ikutu ya ugboro abụọ na agba nke iri na abụọ na agba nke ikpeazụ, mgbe akutusịrị ya nke ikpeazụ, onye refirii gbatara kwusị mgba ahụ ma nyekwa ya mmeri TKO. Na 2008 o meriri onye anaghị emeri bụ Alonzo Butler. David Tua meriri Friday na Machị 2010 na New Zealand site na mkpebi. N'aka nke ọzọ, Friday na onye nlekọta ya kwuru na ọ bụ Friday meriri, na ọ karị ị ka mma ma ọ bụrụ na alụ ọgụ ahụ na USA. Mgbe elegbara anya ime nke ọma o doro anya na David Tua meriri ya bụ mgba. == Ndekọ ọkpọ == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" | colspan="8" |'''24 Wins''' (13 knockouts, 11 decisions), '''9 Losses''' (1 knockout, 8 decisions), '''3 Draws'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=17665&cat=boxer|title=BoxRec|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-date=2015-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617053827/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=17665&cat=boxer|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !Rịzọọtụ !Ndekọ !Iro !Ụdị !Round !Date !Location !Notes |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|17-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Mike Perez (boxer)|Mike "The Rebel" Perez]] |UD |10 |30/12/2011 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa]], [[Cabazon, California]] | align="left" |{{small|90-100, 90-100, 90-100.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|32-2}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Chris Arreola]] |UD |10 |09/07/2011 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] | align="left" |{{small|90-100, 91-99, 91-99.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|23-17-2}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Mali}} Cisse Salif |UD |6 |24/05/2011 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Santa Monica Pier]], [[Santa Monica, California]] | align="left" |{{small|55-59, 56-58, 56-58.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|50-3-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[David Tua]] |UD |12 |31/03/2010 | align="left" |{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Trusts Stadium]], [[Auckland]] | align="left" |{{small|'''[[WBO]] Asia Pacific/Oriental Heavyweight Titles'''. 109-119, 111-117, 108-120.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|26-0-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Alonzo Butler]] |UD |10 |20/06/2008 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Thomas & Mack Center]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|95-94, 96-93, 95-94.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|19-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Shane Cameron]] |TKO |12 |02/11/2007 | align="left" |{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Skycity Auckland|Skycity Convention Centre]], [[Auckland]] | align="left" |{{small|'''[[Pan Asian Boxing Association|PABA]]/[[WBO]] Asia Pacific/[[World Boxing Association|WBA]] NABA Heavyweight Titles'''. Referee stopped the bout at 2:14 of the 12th round.}} |- |Draw |{{small|7-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Franklin Lawrence |SD |8 |06/07/2007 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|79-73, 74-78, 76-76.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|21-9-2}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} James "Hurricane" Walton |TKO |2 |15/06/2007 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 2:50 of the second round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|15-23-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Ramon Hayes |UD |6 |27/04/2007 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|60-54, 59-55, 59-55.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|6-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Alexander Povetkin]] |UD |6 |22/04/2006 | align="left" |{{flagicon|Germany}} [[SAP Arena]], [[Mannheim]], [[Baden-Württemberg]] | align="left" | |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|17-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Sultan Ibragimov]] |TD |9 |16/09/2005 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Gwinnett Center]], [[Duluth, Georgia]] | align="left" |{{small|'''[[WBO]] Asia Pacific Heavyweight Title'''. 84-88, 83-88, 83-87.}} |- |Draw |{{small|25-2}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Dominick Guinn]] |PTS |10 |22/04/2005 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Caesars Palace]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|93-97, 95-95, 95-95.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|22-1-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Taurus Sykes]] |UD |12 |11/03/2005 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Convention center|Lea County Events Center]], [[Hobbs, New Mexico]] | align="left" |{{small|'''[[World Boxing Association|WBA]] NABA Heavyweight Title'''. 112-116, 113-115, 110-118.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|27-2-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lance Whitaker]] |TKO |5 |17/04/2004 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Florida State Fairgrounds]], [[Tampa, Florida]] | align="left" |{{small|'''[[WBO]] NABO/[[World Boxing Association|WBA]] NABA Heavyweight Titles'''. Referee stopped the bout at 0:42 of the fifth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|28-15}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Thomas "Top Dawg" Williams |KO |4 |05/12/2003 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Casino|Seminole Casino]], [[Coconut Creek, Florida]] | align="left" |{{small|Williams knocked out at 1:34 of the fourth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|15-17}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} Onebo Maxime |UD |10 |23/08/2003 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Casino|Seminole Casino]], [[Coconut Creek, Florida]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|12-3-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Brazil}} Francisco Daniel Silva |TKO |1 |28/06/2003 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Casino|Seminole Casino]], [[Coconut Creek, Florida]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:13 of the first round.}} |- |Draw |{{small|32-12}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Terrence "KO" Lewis |PTS |10 |28/02/2003 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|95-95, 95-95, 95-95.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|12-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|France}} [[Josue Blocus]] |SD |10 |01/06/2002 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] | align="left" |{{small|97-93, 97-93, 95-96.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|15-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Siarhei Liakhovich]] |UD |12 |17/11/2001 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mandalay Bay]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|'''[[World Boxing Association|WBA]] NABA Heavyweight Title'''. 112-116, 110-118, 112-116.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|6-8-2}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} James V. Lester |TKO |1 |30/06/2001 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mandalay Bay]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 2:28 of the first round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|16-0-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Nate Jones (boxer)|Nate Jones]] |SD |12 |03/03/2001 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mandalay Bay]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|'''[[World Boxing Association|WBA]] NABA Heavyweight Title'''. 115-112, 114-113, 113-114.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|11-5-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Otis Tisdale |UD |8 |28/11/2000 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|3-2-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Ivy Calvin |KO |5 |26/10/2000 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Hollywood Park Racetrack]], [[Inglewood, California]] | align="left" |{{small|Calvin knocked out at 1:06 of the fifth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|11-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Derrell Dixon]] |PTS |8 |16/09/2000 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[MGM Grand Garden Arena]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|13-25-8}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Wesley Martin |TKO |8 |11/08/2000 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Paris Las Vegas]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|8-6-3}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Mexico}} Agustin Corpus |TKO |3 |01/04/2000 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Casino|The Regent]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 2:59 of the third round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|4-2-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Donald Macon |TKO |1 |03/03/2000 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Caesars Palace]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:40 of the first round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|--}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|Mexico}} Juan Carlos Maldonado |TKO |1 |12/02/1999 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:51 of the first round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|4-5-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Willie Chapman |UD |6 |20/11/1998 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|60-54, 60-54, 60-54.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|3-2-1}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} James V. Lester |PTS |6 |31/07/1998 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|--}} | align="left" |Tahavalu Samiu |KO |3 |11/07/1998 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Reno Hilton Casino Resort]], [[Reno, Nevada]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|--}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Joe L. Gray |UD |4 |15/05/1998 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Darrell Morgan |PTS |4 |09/04/1998 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[Phoenix, Arizona]] | align="left" | |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|6-0}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Shane William Heavyrunner |TKO |4 |20/03/1998 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 2:22 of the fourth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|--}} | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} Larry Wilson |TKO |1 |27/02/1998 | align="left" |{{flagicon|United States}} [[The Orleans]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] | align="left" |{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:18 of the first round.}} |} == Nsidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahunanya, Friday}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dkbdmylxbqky57xd6ft1yzz2oax80mp 0 10138 727747 724640 2026-09-24T22:33:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gloria Chinasa Okoro''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 8 n'ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 1987), nke a maara dị ka '''Gloria Chinasa''', bụ onye Naijiria bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]]. A mụrụ na Naịjirịa, ọ gbara bọọlụ na Equatorial Guinea . == Ọrụ klọb == A mụrụ Chinasa ma zụlite ya na Naijiria. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na klọb Rivers Angels nke dị [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port Harcourt]] . N'afọ 2005, ọ gbara bọọlụ megide otu klọb nke Equatorial Guinea were nye goolu atọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ natara ọrụ maka igwu egwuregwu bọọlụ na Equatorial Guinea women's national team , ọ nakwere. Chinasa gbara bọọlụ na 2011 World Cup, bụ ebe ọ a malite egwuregwu nke mba Ọstrelia meriri ha iji goolu 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=265822/index.html|title=FIFA Player Statistics: CHINASA|publisher=FIFA.com|accessdate=29 September 2018|archive-date=10 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710112548/https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=265822/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka iko mbaụwa ahụ gachara, Chinasa binyere aka maka ị gbara otu ọkaibe nke Polandi bụ Unia Racibórz bọọlụ. Ọ nyere naanị otu goolu otu egwuregwu ahụ nyere na [[:en:2011–12_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League|2011–12 Champions League]] megide Pallokerho-35 . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170827102854/http://es.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250031538/profile/index.html] [[UEFA]]</ref> N'ụbọchị nke 28 n'ọnwa Ọktoba nke afọ 2006, Chinasa nyere goolu nke mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Equatorial Guinea na African Women Championship . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025210420/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=521/edition=247808/matches/match=55512/report.html] [[FIFA]]</ref> Ọ ghọkwara onye mmeri nke Afrịka na asọmpi emere n'afọ 2008 na 2012 . == Goolu mba ụwa == ''Goolu na nsonaazụ ndị e depụtara aha ha Equatorial Guinea bu ụzọ nweta'' {| class="wikitable" !Ọnụọgụ. ! Ụbọchị ! Ebe ! Onye mmegide ! Goolu ! Nsonaazụ ! Asọmpi |- |<div class="center"> 1</div> | 28 Ọktoba 2006 | Oleh, Delta, Nigeria |[[null|link=|border]] Nigeria |<div class="center"> 1–2</div> |<div class="center"> 2–4</div> | [[:en:2006_African_Women's_Championship|2006 African Women's Championship]] |- |<div class="center"> 2</div> | 18 Nọvemba 2008 | rowspan="2" | Estadio de Malabo, Malabo, [[Equatorial Guinea]] |[[null|link=|border]] Congo |<div class="center"> 1–1</div> |<div class="center"> 5–2</div> | rowspan="2" | [[:en:2008_African_Women's_Championship|2008 African Women's Championship]] |- |<div class="center"> 3</div> | 21 Nọvemba 2008 |[[null|link=|border]] Mali |<div class="center"> 1–0</div> |<div class="center"> 1–1</div> |- |<div class="center"> 4</div> | 23 Mee 2010 | Sam Nujoma Stadium, Windhoek, [[Namibia]] |[[null|link=|border]] Namibia |<div class="center"> 5–1</div> |<div class="center"> 5–1</div> | [[:en:2010_African_Women's_Championship_qualification|2010 African Women's Championship qualification]] |- |<div class="center"> 5</div> | 5 Nọvemba 2010 | rowspan="2" | Sinaba Stadium, Daveyton, South Africa |[[null|link=|border]] Ọljirịa |<div class="center"> 1–0</div> |<div class="center"> 1–0</div> | rowspan="2" | [[:en:2010_African_Women's_Championship|2010 African Women's Championship]] |- |<div class="center"> 6</div> | 8 Nọvemba 2010 |[[null|link=|border]] Ghana |<div class="center"> 3–1</div> |<div class="center"> 3–1</div> |- |<div class="center"> 7</div> | 28 October 2012 | rowspan="5" | Estadio de Malabo, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea |[[null|link=|border]] South Africa |<div class="center"> 1–0</div> |<div class="center"> 1–0</div> | rowspan="5" | [[:en:2012_African_Women's_Championship|2012 African Women's Championship]] |- |<div class="center"> 8</div> | 31 October 2012 |[[null|link=|border]] DR Congo |<div class="center"> 3–0</div> |<div class="center"> 6–0</div> |- |<div class="center"> 9</div> | 7 Nọvemba 2012 |[[null|link=|border]] Kameruun | rowspan="2" |<div class="center"> 1–0</div> |<div class="center"> 2–0</div> |- |<div class="center"> 10</div> | rowspan="2" | 11 Nọvemba 2012 | rowspan="2" |[[null|link=|border]] South Africa | rowspan="2" |<div class="center"> 4–0</div> |- |<div class="center"> 11</div> |<div class="center"> 4–0</div> |- |<div class="center"> 12</div> | 18 Julaị 2015 | National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria |[[null|link=|border]] Nigeria |<div class="center"> 1–1</div> |<div class="center"> 1–1</div> | [[:en:2015_CAF_Women's_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournament|2015 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament]] |- |<div class="center"> 13</div> | 9 Juun 2018 | Estadio de Malabo, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea |[[null|link=|border]] Kenya |<div class="center"> 1–0</div> |<div class="center"> 2–0</div> | [[:en:2018_Africa_Women_Cup_of_Nations_qualification|2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations qualification]] |} == Nkwanyeugwu na onyinye == === Klọb === '''Estrellas de Waiso Ipola''' * Liga Nacional de Fútbol Femenino: 2018 == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Gloria Chinasa – FIFA competition record * Gloria Chinasa – UEFA competition record [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu bọọlụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ na Equatorial Guinea]] 2q0zkx7lh3skcvdvg23k3sz3nyrmin8 0 10159 727708 724654 2026-09-24T19:19:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felicia Eze''' {{Audio|Ig-Felicia_Eze.ogg|Audio}} amụru na 27 Septemba afọ 1974 ruọ 31 Jenụwarị afọ 2012) <ref name="death">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/26850/the-nff-sends-condolences-to-the-family-of-the-late-felicia-eze.php|title=NFF mourns Eze, condoles Egyptian FA|accessdate=7 February 2012|work=kickoff.com|archivedate=17 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617081017/http://www.kickoff.com/news/26850/the-nff-sends-condolences-to-the-family-of-the-late-felicia-eze.php}}</ref> bụ onye [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] [[Naijiria]]. Ọ zọrọ asọmpi Naịjirịa na asọmpi Olympics nke afọ 2004 . <ref name="sports-reference">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ez/felicia-eze-1.html|title=Felicia Eze Olympic Results|accessdate=7 February 2012|work=sports-reference.com|archive-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418080241/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ez/felicia-eze-1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eze nwụrụ na 31 Jenụwarị afọ 2012 na Anambra Steeti ka ọ rịachara obere ọrịa, ọ dị afọ iri atọ na asaa. <ref name="vanguardngr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/02/super-falcons-star-dies/|title=Super Falcons Star Dies|accessdate=7 February 2012|work=vanguardngr.com}}</ref> == Hụ kwa == * Bọọlụ na 2004 Summer Olympics == Ebe m si nwete == {{Reflist}} r11tnpmly9wc3sip5ar9xvryxm5njqy 0 10181 727643 724669 2026-09-24T14:43:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Efioanwan Ekpo''' (amụrụ 25 Jenụwarị afọ 1984) bụ nwanyi [[Naijiria]] [[Footbọl|n'agba bọọlụ]]. O sonyere otu egwuregwu bọọlụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa, Ekpo sonyere n'asọmpi 2003 World Cup, 2004 Summer Olimpik, 2006 African Championship, 2007 World Cup na 2008 Summer Olimpik . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=197517/index.html |title=FIFA.com profile |access-date=2020-11-22 |archive-date=2015-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503234901/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=197517/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ek/efioanwan-ekpo-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418105116/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ek/efioanwan-ekpo-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-04-18 |title=Efioanwan Ekpo}}</ref>. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ekpo, Efioanwan}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] khrivkydr4aclp2zks79reagt8jnjh7 0 10199 727639 724683 2026-09-24T14:27:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edith Eluma''' (amụrụ na 27 Septemba afọ 1958) bụ onye [[Naijiria]] n'agba bọọlụ dị ka onye na-agbachitere otu ụmụ nwanyi naijiria. O s o na ndị otu egwuregwu na 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup . Na ọkwa klọb, ọ na-egwuru Princess Jegede na Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/19/wwc_91_tr_part2_260.pdf|title=FIFA Women's World Cup China 1991 - Technical Report|accessdate=20 October 2016|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=1991|work=FIFA Women's World Cup China 1991|format=PDF|archive-date=27 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227003624/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/19/wwc%5f91%5ftr%5fpart2%5f260.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Edith Eluma – FIFA competition record {{DEFAULTSORT:Elima, Edith}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Nwaanyị n'agba bọọlụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Nwaanyị egwuregwu]] gdznl782d82i0j4exhe63jcp8njveq7 0 10275 727740 724739 2026-09-24T22:11:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Onyinye Showemimo''' (amụrụ ya na 24 Mee afọ 1974) bụ onye [[Naijiria]] n'agba bọọlụ dika onye n'agaa n'ihu maka otu mba umu nwanyi na naijiria . O so na otu ndi FIFA World Cup 1991 . Na ọkwa klọb, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Kakanfo Babes na Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/19/wwc_91_tr_part2_260.pdf|title=FIFA Women's World Cup China 1991 - Technical Report|accessdate=20 October 2016|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=1991|work=FIFA Women's World Cup China 1991|format=PDF|archive-date=27 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227003624/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/19/wwc%5f91%5ftr%5fpart2%5f260.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebe m si nwete == <references /> == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Gift Showemimo – FIFA competition record [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị egwuregwu]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị n'agba bọọlụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria n'agba bọọlụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] oalkgmejh7lani3vvfavtlt1ldvtlzx 0 10317 727746 724770 2026-09-24T22:31:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gloria Amuche Nwosu''' (a mụrụ ya n'abali nke iri abuó na iteolu n'ọnwa Disemba, na afọ 1984) bụ onye Naịjirịa na-eme egwuregwu ị gba ọsọ . Ọ sọrọ mpi women's 4 × 400 metres relay na 2004 Summer Olympics . N'afọ 2005, IAAF na -enyo ya enyo ma maa ya ikpe maka ị gba ọgwụ ike mgbe ule ọgwụ ike gosiri na T/E dị elu dị n'ahụ ya, were machibido ya afọ abụọ <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=1073741824/newsId=37680.html|title=iaaf.org - Doping Rule Violation|date=30 June 2012|work=archive.is|accessdate=28 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thekingmaker.me/list-of-doping-violations-in-athletics/|title=List of Doping Violations in Athletics {{!}} SEO Consultant|date=30 August 2015|work=SEO Consultant|accessdate=28 November 2017|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ebemsidee == # Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mallon Mallon, Bill;] et al. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418081701/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/nw/gloria-amuche-nwosu-1.html "Gloria Amuche Nwosu Olympic Results"]. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Reference Sports Reference LLC.] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418081701/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/nw/gloria-amuche-nwosu-1.html the original] on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2017. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20121025133751/http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=1073741824/newsId=37680.html "iaaf.org - Doping Rule Violation"]. archive.is. 30 June 2012. Archived from [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=1073741824/newsId=37680.html the original] on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2017. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20171103164425/http://thekingmaker.me/list-of-doping-violations-in-athletics/ "List of Doping Violations in Athletics | SEO Consultant"]. SEO Consultant. 30 August 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2017. == Njikọ mpụga == *[https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/biographies/athcode=183901 Gloria Amuche Nwosu] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Athletics World Athletics] *[https://www.olympic.org/gloria-amuche-nwosu Gloria Amuche Nwosu] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee International Olympic Committee Edit this at Wikidata] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] leqyxgntebe9rmajiorm9q1mllonwk4 0 10718 727848 138888 2026-09-25T07:01:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Janet Omorogbe''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 22 n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1942) bụ onye Naịjirịa na-eme egwuregwu ị gba ọsọ . Ọ sọrọ mpi women's 4 x 100 metres relay na 1968 Summer Olympics. == Ebemsidee == # Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mallon Mallon, Bill;] et al. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418070318/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/om/janet-omorogbe-1.html "Janet Omorogbe Olympic Results"]. Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Reference Sports Reference LLC.] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418070318/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/om/janet-omorogbe-1.html the original] on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2017. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] smf0gwf0b5reg73dymmyb8rykoji2qo 0 10726 727691 89928 2026-09-24T18:20:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ezinne Kalu''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị 26 n'ọnwa Juun afọ 1992) bụ omye Naijirịa a mụrụ n'Amerịka, na-eme egwuregwu basketbọọlụ n'otu bọọlụ Landerneau BB nakwa otu bọọlụ mba Naijirịa . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Ezinne_Kalu/pid//_//players.html |title=FIBA profile |access-date=2021-08-08 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220401/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Ezinne_Kalu/pid//_//players.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ == A mụrụ ya na Newark, New Jersey nye Gwendolyn Covington na Joseph Kalu. A mụrụ nne ya ma zụlite ya na Greenville, SC . Nna ya bụ onye Naịjirịa. Kalu gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Science Park na Newark, New Jersey. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ n'ime akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nke nwetara akara karịa 2,000. Uwe ya lara ezumike nka n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2017. Mgbe Kalu gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 2010, Kalu nwetara ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'efu zuru oke na HBCU Savannah State University dị na Savannah, GA . N'ebe ahụ, ndị otu ya meriri n'asọmpi MEAC mbụ ha n'afọ 2015. Ọ bụkwa ya bụ onye mbụ nyere akara karịrị 2,000 n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mee afọ 2015 na nzere bachelọ na African Studies . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiba.basketball/womensbasketballworldcup/2018/news/womens-world-cup-2018-a-chance-to-make-history-for-nigeria-says-point-guard-kalu|title="Women's World Cup a chance to make history for Nigeria," says point guard Kalu - FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na steeti Savannah, Kalu nọrọ oge abụọ na asọmpi Portuguese. N'afọ 2015, o bịanyere aka na Clube Desportivo Torres Novas (22.7 points, 6.0 rebounds na 5.1 assists). Na ngwụcha oge izizi ya na Pọtụgal, ọ bịanyere aka na Olivais Coimbra (21.5 points, 4.0 rebounds na 4.3 assists). N'afọ 2017, Kalu binyere aka na klọb Họngarị Vasas Akademia maka otu oge (17.0 points, 3.4 rebounds na 3.9 assists). N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2018, o binyere aka na klọb Jaman Keltern. O nyeere Keltern aka iru eru maka asọmpi ikpeazụ nke Jaman (13.6 points na 2.5 assists). N'afọ 2019, o sonyeere ndị otu Landerneau BB nke Frans, ebe o nwetara akara 15.7, 3.4 rebounds na 3.2 assists n'oge 2019-2020. <ref>{{Cite web|title=EZINNE KALU|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/181075/ezinne-kalu|work=proballers.com|accessdate=24 April 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=LANDERNEAU ROSTER|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/team/13330/landerneau/2019|work=proballers.com|accessdate=24 April 2020}}</ref> *2020 Guard of the Year, [[Ligue Féminine de Basketball|France 1st Division]] *2020 1st Team, All-Imports France League *2020 1st Team, All-French Player *2020 Qualified for the [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympics]] (July 2021) *2020 All-Star top 5 of the Olympic qualifying tournament in Serbia *2020 Voted Top 12 Best Player of Africa *2019 1st woman to be sponsored by [[AFA Sports]] *2019 [[AfroBasket]] tournament champion (5-0 record) *2019 MVP of AfroBasket tournament *2019 Top 5 player of AfroBasket tournament *2018 Co-Captain of the [[Nigeria women's national basketball team]] *2017 Defensive Player of the Year, Budapest 1st Division *2017 AfroBasket tournament champion (8-0 record) *2016-17 Captain of the Nigerian women's national team *2016 Guard of the Year, Portugal 1st Division == Ọrụ mbaụwa == Kalu sonyeere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa n'asọmpi egwuregwu Olimpik ụmụ nwanyị FIBA afọ 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiba.basketball/news/top-10-players-from-fiba-women-s-afrobasket-2017|title=Top 10 players from FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2017}}</ref> O sonyere na Afrobasket ụmụ nwaanyị afọ 2017, ebe ọ gbara ọkara 12 pts, enyemaka atọ n'otu egwuregwu. Otu ahụ meriri asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiba.basketball/womensbasketballworldcup/2018/news/womens-world-cup-2018-a-chance-to-make-history-for-nigeria-says-point-guard-kalu|title="Women's World Cup a chance to make history for Nigeria," says point guard Kalu - FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup 2018}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2017/Ezinne-Kalu 2017 Women's Afrobasket profile]</ref> Kalu sonyere n'asọmpi basketbọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị FIBA nke afọ 2018 na Spen nye otu egwuregwu basketbọọlụ nke Naịjirịa . Ọ gbara 10.6 points, 3 rebounds na 4.1 assists n'otu egwuregwu n'oge asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiba.basketball/womensbasketballworldcup/2018/player/Ezinne-Josephine-Kalu|title=Ezinne KALU at the FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup 2018}}</ref> Kalu sonyere na Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị afọ 2019 ebe a kpọrọ ya Onye kacha baa uru na asọmpi ahụ. Ọ nwetara 14 points na 3 assists n'oge asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2019/news/kalu-named-mvp-of-the-2019-fiba-womens-afrobasket|title=Kalu named MVP of the 2019 FIBA Women's AfroBasket}}</ref> == Ebemsidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20220107131522/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/92201/_//players.html Ezinne Kalu] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA FIBA] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rbx8v2merr7pslbl7xltpdxwysj0dcg 0 11102 727820 721728 2026-09-25T05:00:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iretiola Doyle'''(nke a makwaara dị ka '''Iretiola Olusola Ayinke''' ) bụ onye Naijiria na- eme ihe nkiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-egosi ihe TV, onye edemede na onye na-ekwu okwu ọha <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/08/patrick-took-his-time-convincing-me-to-date-him-iretiola-doyle/|title=Patrick took his time convincing me to date him –Iretiola Doyle|publisher=dailyindependentnig.com|accessdate=12 August 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/the-fashionista/i-love-tattoos-ireti-doyle/|title=I love tattoos –Ireti Doyle|publisher=punchng.com|accessdate=12 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811190739/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/the-fashionista/i-love-tattoos-ireti-doyle/|archivedate=11 August 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/03/02/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-in-her-40s-and-proud-tinsel-star-actress-ireti-doyle-steps-into-her-own-an-intimate-interview-on-teenage-pregnancy-motherhood-family/|title=N Saturday Celebrity Interview: In Her 40s and Proud, Tinsel Star Actress Ireti Doyle Steps into Her Own! An Intimate Interview on Teenage Pregnancy, Motherhood & Family|publisher=bellanaija.com|accessdate=12 August 2014}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Doyle na 3rd nke Mee, 1967 na [[Ȯra Ondo|Ondo Steeti]] mana ọ nọrọ na mmalite ya na ezinụlọ ya na Boston, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] . Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Naijiria, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Christ's Ado Ekiti wee nweta diploma na Mass Communication ma gụchaakwa na mahadum Jos na nzere na Theatre Arts. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.modernghana.com/mobile/3211/4/how-my-boss-became-my-husbandiretiola-olusola-ayin.html|work=Modern Ghana|title=HOW MY BOSS BECAME MY HUSBAND..........IRETIOLA OLUSOLA AYINKE DOYLE|date=November 2, 2008|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'ime ọrụ gbagoro afọ iri abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa, kredit ya kwụsịrị n'okirikiri na ngosi ihe onyonyo, ịse foto na ibipụta. Iretiola Doyle bụ odee, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye ngosi. O weputara ma gosi ihe ngosi ejiji na ụdị ndụ nke ya akpọrọ "Oge With Iretiola" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/oge-with-iretiola/431866/|title=Oge with Iretiola|work=TVGuide.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-22|archive-date=2017-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811222533/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/oge-with-iretiola/431866/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ruo afọ iri na n'oge dị iche iche kwadoro ọtụtụ ihe ngosi onyonyo, dị ka "Morning Ride", "Taa On STV" na "Nimasa This Week na Channels TV". ". <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agency106.com/iretiola-doyle/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2021-11-16 |archivedate=2017-08-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811233123/http://www.agency106.com/iretiola-doyle/ }}</ref> Ọ bụ onye odee ma nwee ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ihuenyo n'ihi na Amaka Igwe Tempest (Oge 1) bụ otu n'ime ha. Iretiola Doyle bụ onye na-akọwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ onye dere ogidi dị iche iche n'oge dị iche iche; Shooting Breeze in city People, na n'ime ụlọ nkata dị na Gliteratti wepụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ụbọchị a na Tiola's Take na Satọdee Vanguard. A họpụtara ya otu ugboro na ngalaba ihe nkiri kacha mma na Reel Awards na 1998 maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri All About Ere na ugboro abụọ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na ngalaba nkwado na AMAA Awards na 2007 na 2009 maka ọrụ ya na Sitanda na 2009. N'ofe Niger n'otu n'otu wee kpọpụta onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na onye ndu na GIAMA Awards na Houston Texas na 2013, yana onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na onye ndu na 2014 Nollywood Movie Awards maka ihe ngosi ya nke Ovo, na ihe egwu mmụọ Torn. Ihe omume a nyekwara ya onyinye nhọpụta ihe nrite nke Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma na 2015. Na nso nso a, a họpụtara ya na 2016 Africa Movie Academy Awards na udi omee kachasị mma na ọrụ ndu <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ama-awards.com/2016-nominations-list.html|title=AMAA 2016 Nomination List|work=www.ama-awards.com|accessdate=2017-12-22|archivedate=2017-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706200020/http://ama-awards.com/2016-nominations-list.html}}</ref> maka ihe ngosi ya nke Dr. Elizabeth na Ebony Life Films' blockbuster 2015 hit; IRI ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/|title=IRETI DOYLE – Fifty|work=fiftythemovie.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-22|archivedate=2017-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205233827/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/}}</ref> Iretiola Doyle's CV tinyekwara onye ama ama The Arbitration <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cinemaaxis.com/2016/09/15/tiff-2016-the-arbitration/|title=TIFF 2016: The Arbitration|date=2016-09-15|work=Cinema Axis|accessdate=2017-12-22|language=en-US}}</ref> na The Wedding Party, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/09/tiff-stood-still-wedding-party/|title=How TIFF stood still for 'Wedding Party' - Vanguard News|date=2016-09-17|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=2017-12-22|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/see-exclusive-bts-photos-of-the-wedding-party-watch-the-trailer-on-bn-set-to-premiere-on-the-opening-night-of-the-2016-toronto-international-film-festival/|title=EXCLUSIVE: "The Wedding Party" will PREMIERE on the Opening Night of the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival {{!}} Watch the Trailer on BN - BellaNaija|work=www.bellanaija.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-22}}</ref> nke bụ ihe nkiri Naijiria kacha enweta ego na akụkọ ihe nkiri sinima Naijiria (dịka nke February 2017). Ihe nkiri abụọ a gosipụtara na 2016 Toronto International Film Festival dị ka akụkụ nke obodo ruo n'isi obodo. Ndị ọzọ gụnyere Dinner na Madam President. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/watch-ireti-doyle-shine-in-the-political-thriller-madam-president/|title=Watch Ireti Doyle shine in the political thriller, 'Madam President'|author=Orubo|first=Daniel|date=2016-12-09|work=Konbini Nigeria|accessdate=2017-12-22|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222162623/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/watch-ireti-doyle-shine-in-the-political-thriller-madam-president/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na telivishọn, o mepụtala ihe odide ndị na-agaghị echefu echefu na ihe ngosi dị ka Fuji House Of Commotion, Dowry, na Gidi Up. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/first-look-at-ndani-tvs-gidi-up-series-season-2/|title=First Look at Season 2 of Ndani TV's "Gidi Up" Series - BellaNaija|work=www.bellanaija.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-22}}</ref> Iretiola na-agba ugbu a dị ka enigmatic Sheila Ade-Williams na usoro telivishọn MNET [[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]] . Iretiola Doyle ga-eweghachi ọrụ ya dị ka Dr. Elizabeth na usoro ihe onyonyo iri ise na-abịa. Ekele ọkwa ọkwa ya kacha nso nso a gụnyere Vagina Monologues, Olorounbi The Musical and Nụrụ Okwu na Ndị Nwunye. Akọwapụtara dị ka 'onye na-eme ihe nkiri' site n'aka ndị ọgbọ ya, amaara ya maka ngosi egwuregwu zuru oke. == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ Patrick Doyle ma nwee ụmụ isii. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mynewhitmanwrites.com/2013/03/ireti-doyle-speaks-on-motherhood-and.html?m=1|title=Ireti Doyle speaks on motherhood and Parenting|work=Myne Whiteman writes|accessdate=October 24, 2014|archivedate=October 8, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008070027/http://www.mynewhitmanwrites.com/2013/03/ireti-doyle-speaks-on-motherhood-and.html?m=1}}</ref> N'oge ngagharị iwe EndSars n'ofe mba ahụ mgbe e kwakọọrọ ụfọdụ ihe enyemaka, Ireti kwuru na Twitter ya na ọ bụ n'ihi agụụ. Ọ biputere “Amaara m na anyị bụ ndị a ma ama maka ịhụ awoof n'anya, mana anyaukwu abụghị ihe kpatara ọgbaghara ahụ na-ebelata ihe mgbu, ọ bụ agụụ. Oke agụụ. Nke ahụ bụ ihe ndị isi gị agaghị ebi ndụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-31|title=Ireti Doyle: Palliative looters were pushed by hunger|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ireti-doyle-palliative-looters-were-pushed-by-hunger/|accessdate=2021-02-09|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> ===Ihe nkiri=== *''[[Across the Niger]] (2004)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Across the Niger - Nollywire|url=https://nollywire.com/titles/across-the-niger/|date=2023-06-23|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Across the Niger (2004)|url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film468464.html|work=FilmAffinity|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Across the Niger|url=https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/412645-across-the-niger|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> *''[[Sitanda]] (2006) dịka Princess''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1045659/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|title=Sitanda (2006)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitanda (2006)|url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/uk/film381888.html|work=FilmAffinity|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitanda (2006) {{!}} MUBI|url=https://mubi.com/en/us/films/sitanda|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/sitanda|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> *''[[Torn (2013 Nigerian film)|Torn]] (2013) dịka Ovo''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3460492/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|title=Torn (2013)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Torn (2013) - nlist {{!}} Nollywood, Nigerian Movies & Casting|url=https://nlist.ng//title/torn-20/|work=nlist.ng|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/torn|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> *''[[Fifty (film)|Fifty]] (2015) dịka Elizabeth''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fifty (2015)|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/fifty-2015/|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fifty {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/771435953|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5065500/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|title=Fifty (2015)}}</ref> *''The Therapist (2016)<ref>{{cite web |date=19 May 2015 |title=Monalisa Chinda, Lisa Omorodion, Ireti Doyle star in upcoming movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/the-therapist-monalisa-chinda-lisa-omorodion-ireti-doyle-star-in-upcoming-movie-id3773129.html |accessdate=19 May 2015 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=Chidumga Izuzu |archive-date=20 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520122635/http://pulse.ng/movies/the-therapist-monalisa-chinda-lisa-omorodion-ireti-doyle-star-in-upcoming-movie-id3773129.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=20 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520122635/http://pulse.ng/movies/the-therapist-monalisa-chinda-lisa-omorodion-ireti-doyle-star-in-upcoming-movie-id3773129.html }}</ref> dịka Ogadi''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15616868/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|title=The Therapist (2016)}}</ref> *''[[The Arbitration]] (2016) dịka Funlayo Johnson''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Arbitration|url=https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/412189-the-arbitration|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Arbitration {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_arbitration|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/the-arbitration|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5811182/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|title=The Arbitration (2016)}}</ref> *''[[The Wedding Party (Nigerian film)|The Wedding Party]] (2016) dịka Obianuju Onwuka''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Wedding Party (2016)|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/the-wedding-party-2016/|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE WEDDING PARTY 1 – EbonyLife Films|url=https://ebonylifefilms.com/the-wedding-party-1/|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Wedding Party|url=https://www.blackfilm.com/read/tiff-2016-the-wedding-party-film-review/|work=blackfilm.com|date=2016-09-12|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US|author=Guest Writer}}</ref> *''Dinner (2016) dika Elizabeth A. George''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6137968/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=Dinner (2016)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinner (2016) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dinner_2016|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinner|url=https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/555745-dinner|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/dinner|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref> *''Fusion (2016) dịka Mrs. Mabel Peterson''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peekaboo productions releases debut movie Fusion|url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2016/04/peekaboo-productions-releases-debut.html|work=Linda Ikeji's Blog|date=2016-04-13|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en|author=Linda Ikeji}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Peekaboo Productions Releases Debut Movie ‘Fusion’ – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2016/04/16/peekaboo-productions-releases-debut-movie-fusion/|work=www.thisdaylive.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AY, Ireti Doyle, Victor Olaitan, Yvonne Jegede & Beverly Naya show the Challenges of Nigerian Newlyweds in “Fusion” {{!}} WATCH the Trailer|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/04/ay-ireti-doyle-victor-olaitan-yvonne-jegede-beverly-naya-show-the-challenges-of-nigerian-newlyweds-in-fusion-watch-the-trailer/|work=BellaNaija|date=2016-04-16|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US|author=Bn Tv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fusion (2016) - nlist {{!}} Nollywood, Nigerian Movies & Casting|url=https://nlist.ng//title/fusion-611/|work=nlist.ng|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/fusion|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref> *''The Grudge (2016) dịka Kemi''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odunlade Adekola, Richard Mofe-Damijo star in The Grudge - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/09/28/odunlade-adekola-richard-mofe-damijo-star-in-the-grudge/|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odunlade Adekola, Richard Mofe-Damijo star in The Grudge - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/09/28/odunlade-adekola-richard-mofe-damijo-star-in-the-grudge/|work=pmnewsnigeria.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Grudge gets rave review in cinemas|url=https://businessday.ng/art-and-travel/article/the-grudge-gets-rave-review-in-cinemas/|work=Businessday NG|date=2016-11-06|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US|author=BusinessDay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Movie Review: This grudge falls flat {{!}} The Grudge|url=https://ynaija.com/movie-review-grudge-falls-flat-grudge/|work=YNaija|date=2016-11-01|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB|author=Roqeebah}}</ref> *''Something Wicked (2017) dịka Hauwa''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Something Wicked|url=https://ynaija.com/tag/something-wicked/|work=YNaija|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ireti Doyle, Adesua Etomi, Beverly Naya, Ivie Okujaye Egboh & more in Thrilling Drama “Something Wicked” {{!}} Watch Trailer|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/01/ireti-doyle-adesua-etomi-beverly-naya-ivie-okujaiye-egboh-more-in-thrilling-drama-something-wicked-watch-trailer/|work=BellaNaija|date=2017-01-06|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US|author=BellaNaija.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Film One - Something Wicked|url=https://www.filmoneng.com/movie/something-wicked-2|work=Film One|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Something Wicked {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented|url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2017/12/something-wicked.html|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref> *''GuynMan (2017) dịka Molade''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18925130/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=GuynMan (2017)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Guyn Man (2017) Box Office - nlist {{!}} Nollywood, Nigerian Movies & Casting|url=https://nlist.ng//title/guyn-man-1165/|work=nlist.ng|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/guynman|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GuynMan - Nollywire|url=https://nollywire.com/titles/guynman/|date=2023-07-06|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref> *''[[The Wedding Party 2]] (2017) dịka Obianuju Onwuka''<ref>{{Cite web|title=CINEMA REVIEW: "The Wedding Party 2: Destination Dubai" - Too Many Cooks Almost Ruin This Broth|url=https://tns.ng/cinema-review-the-wedding-party-2-destination-dubai-too-many-cooks-almost-ruin-this-broth/|work=TNS|date=2017-12-19|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Wedding Party 2: Destination Dubai (2017)|url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film447364.html|work=FilmAffinity|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE WEDDING PARTY 2 – EbonyLife Films|url=https://ebonylifefilms.com/the-wedding-party-2/|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7827944/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=The Wedding Party 2 (2017)}}</ref> *''[[Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons]] (2018) dịka Mrs. Dame Maduka''<ref>{{Cite news|title=FilmOne|url=https://www.filmoneng.com/movie/merry-men-the-real-yoruba-demons|work=Film One|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons (2018)|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/merry-men-the-real-yoruba-demons/|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/merry_men_the_real_yoruba_demons|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9837502/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons (2018)}}</ref> *''[[Crazy People (2018 film)|Crazy People]] (2018) dika Regina''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Film One - Crazy People|url=https://www.filmoneng.com/movie/crazy-people-1|work=Film One|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Crazy People (2018) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/crazy_people_2018|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Crazy People - Nollywire|url=https://nollywire.com/titles/crazy-people/|date=2018-05-18|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/crazy-people|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref> *''[[Kasanova]] (2019) d''ịka ''Ms. Jessica''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kasanova|url=https://ynaija.com/tag/kasanova/|work=YNaija|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kasanova (2019)|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/kasanova/|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kasanova - Nollywire|url=https://nollywire.com/titles/kasanova/|date=2019-09-13|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kasanova {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented|url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/06/kasanova.html|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/kasanova|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref> *''[[Merry Men 2]] (2019) d''ịka ''Mrs. Dame Maduka''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merry Men 2 – Another Mission {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented|url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/06/merry-men-2-another-mission.html|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Merry Men 2 (2019)|url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film122084.html|work=FilmAffinity|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=FilmOne|url=https://www.filmoneng.com/movie/merry-men-2|work=Film One|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11417930/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=Merry Men 2 (2019)}}</ref> *''Therapy (2020) dịka Dr. Benedicta''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Therapy (2020) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/therapy_2020|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14872184/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=Therapy (2020)}}</ref> *''[[Day of Destiny]] (2021) dịka Ifeoma''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Movie Review {{!}} D.O.D, Day of Destiny, or DUD for Short - What Kept Me Up|url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/latest-nigerian-movies/movie-review-d-o-d-day-of-destiny-or-dud-for-short/|date=2021-01-29|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/dod---day-of-destiny|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Day of Destiny (2021)|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/day-of-destiny/|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15149712/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=Day of Destiny (2021)}}</ref> *''A Tune Away (2022) dịka Stella''<ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/a-tune-away|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13557714/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=A Tune Away (2022)}}</ref> *''[[Madam Koi Koi]] (2023) dịka Mother Superior''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Origin: Madam Koi-Koi (Chapter 1: The Awakening) {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented|url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2023/10/the-origin-madam-koi-koi.html|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/642613-movie-review-the-origin-madam-koi-koi-nostalgic-story-with-several-loose-ends.html|work=www.premiumtimesng.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=MOVIE REVIEW: The Origin: Madam Koi Koi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27483643/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=Madam Koi Koi (2023)}}</ref> *''[[The Black Book (2023 film)|The Black Book]] (2023) dịka Commissioner''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Black Book - Nollywire|url=https://nollywire.com/titles/the-black-book/|date=2023-05-26|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Black Book|url=https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/1172009-the-black-book|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Black Book (2023) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_black_book_2023|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt24083908/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=The Black Book (2023)}}</ref> *''Love Notes (2024) dịka Maris''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diane Russet Announces New Film “Love Notes” Starring Beverly Osu, Ireti Doyle, Kunle Remi, and more|url=https://ynaija.com/diane-russet-announces-new-film-love-notes-starring-beverly-osu-ireti-doyle-kunle-remi-and-more/|work=YNaija|date=2024-07-23|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-GB|author=Ayomitide Adeyinka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch Dianne Russet’s Feature Film “Love Notes” Starring Beverly Osu, Kunle Remi, Tina Mba & More|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/08/watch-dianne-russet-love-notes/|work=BellaNaija|date=2024-08-29|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US|author=BellaNaija.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NollyMeter|url=https://www.nollymeter.com/movies/love-notes|work=www.nollymeter.com|accessdate=2026-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt33317298/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=Love Notes (2024)}}</ref> *''All's Fair in Love (2024) dịka Chief''<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Is Fair in Love {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/all_is_fair_in_love|work=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All's fair in love|url=https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/1242867-all-s-fair-in-love|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All’s Fair In Love {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented|url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2024/03/alls-fair-in-love.html|accessdate=2026-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt32648138/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-25|title=All's Fair in Love (2024)}}</ref> ===Ihe onyoonyo=== *''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]] (2008-2015) as Sheila Ade-Williams'' '' *''For Coloured Girls (2011) ''For Colored Girls'' shouldn't be confused with Tyler Perry's 2010 film of the same name. It is actually the Nigerian adaptation of the American stage play, ''[[For colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf]]''.}}'' * ''[[Gidi Up]] (2014–present) as Illa'' *''Noughts and Crosses (2022)'' *''[[Flawsome]] (2022)'' *''[[The_Power_(TV_series)|The Power]] (2023) as Shola Ojo'' *''[[Agu (TV series)|Agu]] (2023-present)'' *''[[All of Us (2024 series)|All of Us]] (2024) as Proprietress'' *[[Princess on a Hill|''Princess on a Hill'']] (2024) as Madam Obiora == Nsidee ==  {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|2662142}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t4ht5pv9k2cwanp032s51qdn3s5dy8f 0 11564 727892 721944 2026-09-25T10:16:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox football biography|name=Josephine Chukwunonye|nationalyears1=2012|clubs4=[[Asarums IF]]|caps4=19|goals4=1|years5=2019-|clubs5=[[Kungsbacka DFF|Kungsbacka]]|caps5=2|goals5=0|nationalteam1=[[Nigeria women's national under-20 football team|Nigeria U20]]|goals3=1|nationalcaps1=6|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=2011–|nationalteam2=[[Nigeria women's national football team|Nigeria]]|nationalcaps2=25<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player=300598/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703071008/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player=300598/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 July 2011 |title=Profile |publisher=FIFA|access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref>|nationalgoals2=0|pcupdate=16 July 2018|years4=2018|caps3=10|image=|clubnumber=24|image_size=|fullname=Josephine Chiwendu Chukwunonye<ref name="FIFA 2015">{{cite news |url=http://www.fifadata.com/document/FWWC/2015/pdf/FWWC_2015_SquadLists.pdf |title=List of Players – 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup |work=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306125454/https://www.fifadata.com/document/FWWC/2015/pdf/FWWC_2015_SquadLists.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|3|19}}<ref name="FIFA 2015"/>|birth_place=[[Nigeria]]|height=173 cm<ref name="FIFA 2015"/>|position=[[Defender (association football)|Defender]]|currentclub=[[Kungsbacka DFF|Kungsbacka]]|years1=2008–2015|clubs3=[[Vittsjö GIK]]|clubs1=[[Rivers Angels]]|caps1=|goals1=|years2=2015|clubs2=[[Washington Spirit]]|caps2=2|goals2=0|years3=2016|ntupdate=17 June 2015}} '''Josephine Chiwendu Chukwunonye''' (amụrụ 19 Maachị 1992) bụ onye [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Naịjirịa na-agba Kungsbacka na Damallsvenskan na maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa . Ọ gbaburu bọọlụ na mpaghara Rivers Angels afọ asaa na Washington Spirit na Otu Egwuriegwu boolu Nke Umunwaanyi. == Ọrụ klọb == Ka ọ gbachara afọ asaa na Rivers Angels n'asọmpị ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa, n'ọnwa Jun afọ 2015 ka a mara ọkwa na Chukwunonye ga-esonye na otu Egwuriegwu boolu Nke Umunwaanyi Washington Spirit . A bịanyere aka na ya n'otu oge ahụ Hayley Raso mba Australia, na ọkwa ahụ na-abịa ụbọchị tupu otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa gbagoro Australia na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA 2015 . Chukwunonye kwuru n'oge ahụ, "Obi dị m ụtọ isonye na ezinụlọ Washington Spirit; ọ bụ ihe ọṅụ na nrọ mezuru m, ọ na-amasị m iso nnukwu ndị egwuregwu dịka Crystal Dunn, bụ onye m zutere n'asọmpi U20 World Cup na 2012. . Obi dị m ụtọ iso onye nchịkwa Parsons rụkọọ ọrụ n'ihi na amaara m na ọ ga-ewepụta ihe kacha mma n'ime m." Chukwunonye bụ onye mba Naịjirịa nke abụọ na squad, sonyere Francisca Ordega . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/australian-forward-haley-raso-and-nigerian-defender-josephine-chukwunonye-set-to-join-spirit-after-the-womens-world-cup/|title=Nigerian defender Josephine Chukwunonye set to join Spirit after the Women's World Cup|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|title=Player profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|accessdate=30 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151730/http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/josephine-chukwunonye/|archivedate=5 October 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gbasịrị egwuregwu abụọ maka otu ahụ, a tọhapụrụ ya na Disemba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spirit Waive DefenderJosephine Chukwynonye|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye|publisher=NWSL|accessdate=11 November 2016|date=22 December 2015|archivedate=12 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112035824/http://nwslsoccer.com/news-2/oct---dec-2015/spirit-waive-defender-josephine-chukwunonye}}</ref> Na March 2016, ma Chukwynonye na onye mba Naijiria ibe ya bụ Ngozi Okobi bụ ndị otu Sweden Vittsjö GIK bịanyere aka na ya. Ha na-agbakọbu ọnụ na squad nke Washington Spirit, na mgbe ha na-akwaga Vittsjö GIK, ha na ndị mba Naijiria abụọ ọzọ sonyeere, Nkem Ezurike na Ifeoma Dieke . Chukwynonye kwuru "Obi dị m ụtọ ịbanye na ezinụlọ Vittsjo; ọ bụ ihe ọṅụ na nrọ mezuru m, ọ na-agụsi m agụụ ike igosi onwe m ma nyekwa ike m niile iji kwalite klọb ahụ n'ebube". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Vittsjö switch excite Super Falcons duo Josephine Chukwunonye & Ngozi Okobi|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|accessdate=11 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134727/https://www.yahoo.com/news/vittsj-switch-excite-super-falcons-160200006.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Chukwunonye nọchitere anya Naijiria n'ọkwa ndị obere na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA U-17 na 2012 FIFA U-20. N'ọkwa dị elu ọ so na ndị otu Naijiria na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA nke 2011 na 2015 yana asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị Africa na mbipụta 2010, 2012 na 2014, merie asọmpi ahụ ugboro abụọ ( 2010 na 2014 ). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=300598/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == === Mba ụwa === ; Naijiria * Asọmpi ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka (2): 2010, 2014 === Klọb === ; Rivers Angel * Asọmpi umunwanyi Naijiria (1): 2010 * Iko ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Josephine Chukwunonye – FIFA competition record (archived) * Josephine Chukwunonye na Soccerway {{Navboxes colour|title=Nigeria squads|bg=#008751|fg=white|list1={{Nigeria squad 2010 African Women's Championship}} {{Nigeria squad 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup}} {{Nigeria squad 2012 African Women's Championship}} {{Nigeria squad 2014 African Women's Championship}} {{Nigeria squad 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup}} {{Nigeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mqz5aoihw2o09wu748m87sggs9x4uy0 0 11729 727748 721445 2026-09-24T22:45:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Logo9w.png|thumb|Google logo]] {{Infobox company|name=Google LLC|founders={{Unbulle{{Infobox company|name=Google LLC|founders={{Unbulleted list | [[Larry Page]] | [[Sergey Brin]] }}|website={{URL|https://www.google.com/|google.com}}|parent=[[Alphabet Inc.]]|products=[[List of Google products|List of products]]|key_people={{Unbulleted list | [[Sundar Pichai]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) | [[Ruth Porat]] ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]]) | [[Thomas Kurian]] ([[Chief executive office|CEO]], [[Google Cloud Platform]]) | [[Prabhakar Raghavan]] ([[Senior Vice President|SVP]], search, ads, and e-commerce)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Langley |first=Hugh |date=11 May 2021 |title=Prabhakar Raghavan is the surprisingly powerful exec running Google's most important businesses. Insiders describe how he went from wonky Stanford professor to CEO Sundar Pichai's most trusted lieutenant at record speed. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-head-of-search-prabhakar-raghavan-ceo-sundar-pichai-alphabet-2021-5 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210511195507/https://www.businessinsider.com/google-head-of-search-prabhakar-raghavan-ceo-sundar-pichai-alphabet-2021-5 |archive-date=11 May 2021 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> }}|area_served=Worldwide|hq_location_country=U.S.|hq_location_city=[[Mountain View, California]]|hq_location=[[Googleplex|1600 Amphitheatre Parkway]]|founded={{Start date and age|1998|09|04}}{{efn|Google was incorporated on September 4, 1998, however, since 2002, the company has celebrated its anniversaries on various days in September, most frequently on September 27.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Alex |date=September 4, 2014 |title=Google Used to Be the Company That Did 'Nothing But Search' |url=https://time.com/3250807/google-anniversary/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=February 24, 2022 |archive-date=October 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016175103/https://time.com/3250807/google-anniversary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Telegraph Reporters |date=September 27, 2019 |title=When is Google's birthday – and why are people confused? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |archive-date=2022-01-10 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Griffin |first=Andrew |date=September 27, 2019 |title=Google birthday: The one big problem with the company's celebratory doodle |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=February 24, 2022 |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112103548/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The shift in dates reportedly happened to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wray |first=Richard |date=September 5, 2008 |title=Happy birthday Google |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/05/google.mediabusiness |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>}} in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]], [[California]], United States|logo=Google 2015 logo.svg|industry={{Unbulle}}|area_served=Worldwide|hq_location_country=U.S.|hq_location_city=[[Mountain View, California]]|hq_location=[[Googleplex|1600 Amphitheatre Parkway]]|founded={{Start date and age|1998|09|04}}{{efn|Google was incorporated on September 4, 1998, however, since 2002, the company has celebrated its anniversaries on various days in September, most frequently on September 27.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Alex |date=September 4, 2014 |title=Google Used to Be the Company That Did 'Nothing But Search' |url=https://time.com/3250807/google-anniversary/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=February 24, 2022 |archive-date=October 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016175103/https://time.com/3250807/google-anniversary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Telegraph Reporters |date=September 27, 2019 |title=When is Google's birthday – and why are people confused? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |archive-date=2022-01-10 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Griffin |first=Andrew |date=September 27, 2019 |title=Google birthday: The one big problem with the company's celebratory doodle |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=February 24, 2022 |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112103548/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The shift in dates reportedly happened to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wray |first=Richard |date=September 5, 2008 |title=Happy birthday Google |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/05/google.mediabusiness |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>}} in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]], [[California]], United States|logo=Google 2015 logo.svg|industry={{Unbulleted list | [[Artificial intelligence]] | [[Advertising]] | [[Cloud computing]] | [[Computer software]] | [[Computer hardware]] | [[Internet]] }}|type=[[Subsidiary]] ([[Limited liability company|LLC]])|former_name=Google Inc. (1998–2017)|image_caption=Google's headquarters, the [[Googleplex]]|image_size=250px|image=Googleplex HQ (cropped).jpg|logo_caption=Logo {{as of|2015|lc=y|since=y}}|logo_alt=Each letter of "Google" is colored (from left to right) in blue, red, yellow, blue, green, and red.|logo_size=|footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2015 |title=Company – Google |url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116073513/https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/company/ |archive-date=January 16, 2015 |access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Claburn |first=Thomas |date=September 24, 2008 |title=Google Founded By Sergey Brin, Larry Page... And Hubert Chang?!? |url=https://www.informationweek.com/applications/google-founded-by-sergey-brin-larry-page-and-hubert-chang!/d/d-id/1072309 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628231125/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/google/210603678 |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2017 |website=[[InformationWeek]] |publisher=[[UBM plc]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Locations— Google Jobs |url=https://www.google.com/about/jobs/locations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930200600/http://www.google.com/about/jobs/locations/ |archive-date=September 30, 2013 |access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref>}} [[Usòrò:Schmidt-Brin-Page-20080520.jpg|alt=Eric Schmidt, Sergey Brin, and Larry Page sitting together|thumb| Mgbe ahụ-CEO, na onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Google Eric Schmidt ya na ndị ọrụ nhazi Sergey Brin na Larry Page (aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri) na 2008]] '''Gogulu LLC''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ mba Amerika nke na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ngwaahịa metụtara [[Intanet|ịntanetị,]] nke gụnyere “search engine” , teknụzụ mgbasa ozi n'ịntanetị, igwe ojii, ngwanrọ na ngwaike. A na-ewere ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna Gogulu Alphabet Inc. dị ka otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ozi gbasara Big Five Amerika, n'akụkụ Amazon, Apulu, Meta na Maikrosoftu . E hiwere Gogulu na Septemba 4, 1998, site na Larry Page na Sergey Brin mgbe ha bụ Ph.D. ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Stanford dị na mba Kalifonia. Ha niile nwere ihe dịka 14% nke oha oke ahia depụtara n'ihu ọha ma na-achịkwa 56% nke ikike ịtụ vootu site na ngwaahịa ịtụ vootu. Ulo ọrụ ahụ gara ọha site na onyinye ọha mbụ (IPO) na 2004. N'afọ 2015, a haziri Gogulu ka ọ bụrụ ihe enyemaka nke Alphabet Inc. . Gogulu bụ enyemaka Alphabet kachasị na ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ihe onwunwe na mmasị ịntanetị nke Alphabet. A họpụtara Sundar Pichai onye isi ala Gogulu na Ọktoba 24, 2015, nọchiri Larry Page, onye ghọrọ onye isi nke Alphabet. Na Disemba 3, 2019, Pichai ghọkwara onye isi ala Alphabet. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Feiner|first=Lauren|date=3 December 2019|title=Larry Page steps down as CEO of Alphabet, Sundar Pichai to take over|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/03/larry-page-steps-down-as-ceo-of-alphabet.html|accessdate=16 June 2021|work=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Na 2021, e hiwere Alphabet Workers Union, nke ndị ọrụ Gogulu mejupụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 4, 2021|title=Google employees are forming a union|url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/01/04/google-employees-are-forming-a-union/|accessdate=January 25, 2021|work=Android Police}}</ref> Mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebe ọ bụ na ntinye aha gụnyere ngwaahịa, nnweta, na mmekọrịta karịrị Gogulu isi search engine, (Gogulu Saachi). Ọ na-enye ọrụ emebere maka ọrụ na nrụpụta (Gogulu Doks ,Gogulu Shiits , na Gogulu Slaidis) , email ( Gmail ), nhazi oge na njikwa oge ( Gogulu kalenda ), nchekwa igwe ojii ( Gogulu draivu), ozi ngwa ngwa na nkata vidiyo ( Gogulu Duo, Chat Gogulu, na Nzukọ Gogulu ), nsụgharị asụsụ ( Gogulu transleti), maapụ na igodo ( [[Google Maps|Gogulu Maps]], Waze, Gogulu Earth, na View Street ), Bochum pọdkastị ( Pọdkastị Google ), nkesa vidiyo ( YouTube ), mbipụta blọgụ ( Blogger ), ihe ndetu ( Gogulu kiipu na jamboodu, na nhazi foto na edezi ( Foto Gogulu). Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eduga mmepe nke sistemụ mkpanaka mkpanaka Android, ihe nchọgharị weebụ “Gogulu Kromu na Kromu OS (dị arọ, sistemụ arụmọrụ nke dabere na isi mmalite “Chromium OS”nke na-emepe emepe). Gogulu abanyela na-arịwanye elu n'ime ngwaike; site na 2010 ruo 2015, ya na ndị isi na-emepụta ngwá elektronik na mmepụta nke Gogulu Nexus ngwaọrụ, na ọ wepụtara otutu ngwaike ngwaahịa na 2016, gụnyere Gogulu pikzelakara nke ekwenti ulo Gogulu smart ọkà okwu, Gogulu Wifi ntupu wireless rawụta. Gogulu anwalelakwa ịghọ onye na-ebu ịntanetị (Google Fiber na Google Fi) Gogulu.com bụ webụsaịtị a kacha eleta n'ụwa niile. Ọtụtụ webụsaịtị Gogulu nwere nokwana nandepụta weebụsaịtị kachasị ewu ewu gụnyere “YouTube na Blogger”. <ref name="topsites">{{Cite web|title=The top 500 sites on the web|url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]|accessdate=2022-02-24|archivedate=2015-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302173920/https://www.alexa.com/topsites}}</ref> Nandepụta nke ụdị kachasị ọnụ ahịa, Gogulu na-ahọrọ nke abụọ site na Forbes <ref>{{Cite web|title=THE WORLD'S VALUABLE BRANDS|url=https://www.forbes.com/the-worlds-most-valuable-brands/|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> na nke anọ site na Interbrand. <ref>{{Cite web|title=BEST GLOBAL BRANDS|url=https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/|publisher=Interbrand}}</ref>O natala nnukwu nkatọ metụtara okwu ndị dị kanchegbu nzuzo,izere ụtụ isi, nnyocha,nnọpụiche ọchụchọ, mgbochi ntụkwasị obi na iji ọnọdụ naanị ya eme ihe. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Afọ mbụ === [[Usòrò:Google_page_brin.jpg|alt=|áká_èkpè|thumb| Larry Page na Sergey Brin n'afọ 2003]] Gogulu malitere na Jenụwarị 1996 dịka ọrụ nyocha nke Larry Page na Sergey Brin mere mgbe ha abụọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ PhD na Mahadum Stanford dị na mba Kalifonia. <ref name="howwestarted"/> <ref name="Coronabook">{{Cite book|author=Brezina|first=Corona|title=Sergey Brin, Larry Page, Eric Schmidt, and Google|url=https://archive.org/details/sergeybrinlarryp0000brez|publisher=Rosen Publishing Group|year=2013|isbn=9781448869114|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sergeybrinlarryp0000brez/page/18 18]}}</ref> <ref name="milestones">{{Cite web|title=Our history in depth|url=https://www.google.com/about/company/history/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401005940/http://www.google.com/about/company/history/|archivedate=April 1, 2012|accessdate=July 15, 2017|work=Google Company}}</ref>Na mbu, oru a metụtara onye na-akwadoghị "onye nchoputa nke atọ", Scott Hassan, onye mmemme mbu onye dere ọtụtụ gbasara koduu maka mbụ “Google Search engine” , ma ọ hapụrụ tupu Gogulu enwe ntọala dị ka ụlọ ọrụ; <ref name="vanityfair">{{Cite web|author=Fisher|first=Adam|date=July 10, 2018|title=Brin, Page, and Mayer on the Accidental Birth of the Company that Changed Everything|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/valley-of-genius-excerpt-google|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704184309/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/valley-of-genius-excerpt-google|archivedate=July 4, 2019|accessdate=August 23, 2019|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> Hassan gara n'ihu ịchụso ọrụ na “robotics” wee hiwe ụlọ ọrụ “Willow Garage” na 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 5, 2014|title=Willow Garage Founder Scott Hassan Aims To Build A Startup Village|work=[[IEEE Spectrum]]|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/view-from-the-valley/at-work/start-ups/willow-garage-founder-scott-hassan-aims-to-build-a-startup-village|accessdate=September 1, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=D'Onfro|first=Jillian|date=February 13, 2016|title=How a billionaire who wrote Google's original code created a robot revolution|work=[[Business Insider]]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/a-look-back-at-willow-garage-2016-2|accessdate=August 24, 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na engines ọchụchọ ndị a na-ahụkarị na-ahọrọ nsonaazụ site n'ịgụ ugboro ole okwu ọchụchọ pụtara na ibe, ha chepụtara maka usoro ka mma nke nyochara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti weebụsaịtị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Page|first=Lawrence|authorlink=Larry Page|date=November 11, 1999|title=The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web|url=http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118014915/http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/|archivedate=November 18, 2009|work=Stanford University}}</ref> Ha na-akpọ nke a algọridim “PageRank” ; o kpebiri mkpaweebụsaịtịna ọnụọgụ ibe, yana mkpa nke ibe ndị ahụ jikọtara azụ na saịtị mbụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Helpful products. For everyone.|url=https://about.google/products/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210175913/http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html|archivedate=February 10, 2010|work=Google, Inc.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Page|first=Larry|authorlink=Larry Page|date=August 18, 1997|title=PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web|url=http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020506051802/http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1|archivedate=May 6, 2002|accessdate=November 27, 2010|work=Stanford Digital Library Project}}</ref> Page gwara Hassan echiche ya, onye malitere ide koduu iji mejuputa echiche Page. <ref name="vanityfair"/> Page na Brin kpọburu aha ihe nchọta ọhụrụ ahụ “BackRub”n'ihi na sistemụ ahụ lere “backlinks” iji chọpụta mkpa saịtị dị. <ref name="howwestarted"/> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Battelle|first=John|date=August 2005|title=The Birth of Google|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html|accessdate=October 12, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Backrub search engine at Stanford University|url=http://huron.stanford.edu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19961224105215/http://huron.stanford.edu/|archivedate=December 24, 1996|accessdate=March 12, 2011}}</ref> Page na Brin kpọrọ Hassan na Alan Steremberg dị ka ndị dị mkpa maka mmepe Gogulu. Rajeev Motwani na Terry Winograd mechara dekọọ Page na Brin akwụkwọ mbụ gbasara ọrụ ahụ, na-akọwa PageRank na ụdị mbụ nke igwe nchọta Gogulu, nke e bipụtara na 1998. A kpọtụrụ Héctor García-Molina na Jeff Ullman ka ndị nyere aka na ọrụ ahụ. <ref name="originalpaper">{{Cite journal|author=Brin|first=Sergey|authorlink=Sergey Brin|year=1998|title=The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine|url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems|volume=30|issue=1–7|pages=107–117|doi=10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X|issn=0169-7552|accessdate=April 7, 2019}}</ref> PageRank na-emetụta otu ibe-nhazi na saịtị-akara algọridim na mbụ ejiri mee ihe maka RankDex, nke Robin Li mepụtara na 1996, na Larry Page's PageRank patenti gụnyere ntinye aka na patenti RankDex mbụ nke Li; Li mechara mepụta igwe nchọta ndị China Baidu . <ref>{{Cite web|title="About: RankDex"|url=http://www.rankdex.com/about.html|accessdate=September 29, 2010|archivedate=February 2, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/659XSbLCF?url=http://www.rankdex.com/about.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Method for node ranking in a linked database|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US6285999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015185034/http://www.google.com/patents/US6285999|archivedate=October 15, 2015|accessdate=October 19, 2015|publisher=Google Patents}}</ref> Ka ana aga, ha gbanwere aha ''Gogulu'' ; aha nke search engine bụ egwuregwu na okwu ''googol ,'' <ref name="howwestarted">{{Cite web|title=How we started and where we are today - Google|url=https://about.google/our-story/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200422134018/https://about.google/our-story/|archivedate=April 22, 2020|accessdate=April 24, 2021|work=about.google|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Koller|first=David|date=January 2004|title=Origin of the name "Google"|url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68ubHzYs7?url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html|archivedate=July 4, 2012|work=Stanford University}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hanley|first=Rachael|date=February 12, 2003|title=From Googol to Google|work=The Stanford Daily|publisher=Stanford University|url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google|accessdate=February 15, 2010|archive-date=March 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327141327/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google|url-status=dead}}</ref> ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke edere '''10 ¹⁰⁰''' (1 sochiri 100 zeros), họrọ iji gosi na e bu n'obi na search engine iji nye nnukwu. ọnụọgụgụ ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google! Beta website|url=https://www.google.com/company.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990221202430/https://www.google.com/company.html|archivedate=February 21, 1999|accessdate=October 12, 2010|work=Google, Inc.}}</ref> Edebanyere aha ngalaba aha <code>www.google.com</code> na Septemba 15, 1997, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info - DomainTools|url=https://whois.domaintools.com/google.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314084453/http://whois.domaintools.com/google.com|archivedate=March 14, 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]}}</ref> na ewebata ụlọ ọrụ na Septemba 4, 1998. Ọ dabere na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke Susan Wojcicki <ref name="milestones"/> na Menlo Park, Kalifonia Craig Silverstein, nwa akwụkwọ ibe PhD na Stanford, goro dị ka onye ọrụ mbụ. <ref name="milestones" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Craig Silverstein's website|url=http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991002122809/http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/|archivedate=October 2, 1999|accessdate=October 12, 2010|work=Stanford University}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kopytoff|first=Verne|date=September 7, 2008|title=Craig Silverstein grew a decade with Google|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=Hearst Communications, Inc.|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Craig-Silverstein-grew-a-decade-with-Google-3270079.php}}</ref> Gogulu nwetara ego mbụ site na ntinye ego nke August 1998 nke $100,000 sitere n'aka Andy Bechtolsheim, <ref name="howwestarted"/> ngalaba-nchoputa nke Sun Microsystems, izu ole na ole tupu Septemba 7, 1998, ụbọchị ewebatara Gogulu. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Long|first=Tony|date=September 7, 2007|title=Sept. 7, 1998: If the Check Says 'Google Inc.,' We're 'Google Inc.'|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/2007/09/dayintech-0907/}}</ref> <ref name="Bechtolsheim">{{Cite news|author=Kopytoff|first=Verne|date=April 29, 2004|title=For early Googlers, key word is $|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/For-early-Googlers-key-word-is-Founders-2786378.php}}</ref> Gogulu nwetara ego n'aka ndị mmụọ ozi atọ ndị ọzọ na-etinye ego na 1998: Amazon.com nchoputa Jeff Bezos, Stanford University kọmputa sayensị prọfesọ David Cheriton, na entapirenua Ram Shriram . <ref name="endofworld">{{Cite book|author=Auletta|first=Ken|title=Googled: The End of the World as We Know it|url=https://archive.org/details/googledendofworl2009aule|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2010|isbn=9780143118046|edition=Reprint|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=515456623|quote=On September 7, 1998, the day Google officially incorporated, he [Shriram] wrote out a check for just over $250,000, one of four of this size the founders received.|authorlink=Ken Auletta}}</ref> N'etiti ndị mbụ tinyere ego, ndị enyi, na ezinụlọ Google welitere gburugburu $1,000,000, nke mere ka ha mepee ụlọ ahịa mbụ ha na Menlo Park, California . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hosch|first=William L.|title=Google Inc.|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220013941/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc|archivedate=February 20, 2019|accessdate=March 17, 2019|work=Britannica|publisher=Britannica}}</ref> Mgbe ụfọdụ agbakwunyere, obere ntinye ego site na njedebe nke 1998 ruo mmalite 1999, <ref name="endofworld"/> a mara ọkwa ọhụrụ $ 25 nde nke ego na June 7, 1999, na nnukwu ndị na-etinye ego gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ isi obodo Kleiner Perkins na Sequoia Capital . <ref name="Bechtolsheim"/> ref>{{Cite news|author=Long|first=Tony|date=September 7, 2007|title=Sept. 7, 1998: If the Check Says 'Google Inc.,' We're 'Google Inc.'|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/2007/09/dayintech-0907/}} === Otuto ya === Na Machị 1999, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwagara ụlọ ọrụ ya na Palo Alto, California, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Weinberger|first=Matt|date=October 12, 2015|title=Google's cofounders are stepping down from their company. Here are 43 photos showing Google's rise from a Stanford dorm room to global internet superpower|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-history-in-photos-2015-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819101107/http://www.businessinsider.com/google-history-in-photos-2015-10|archivedate=August 19, 2017|work=[[Business Insider]]|publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]]}}</ref> nke bụ ebe ọtụtụ mmalite teknụzụ Silicon Valley a ma ama. <ref>{{Cite web|title=A building blessed with tech success|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/a-building-blessed-with-tech-success/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523115134/https://www.cnet.com/news/a-building-blessed-with-tech-success/|archivedate=May 23, 2017|accessdate=July 15, 2017|work=[[CNET]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, Gogulu malitere ire mgbasa ozi metụtara isiokwu ọchụchọ megide Page na Brin na mbụ megidere igwe nchọta ego mgbasa ozi kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Stross|first=Randall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOk3EIUW9VgC|title=Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know|date=September 2008|publisher=Free Press|isbn=978-1-4165-4691-7|location=New York|pages=3–4|chapter=Introduction|accessdate=February 14, 2010|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOk3EIUW9VgC}}</ref> <ref name="milestones"/> Iji jikwaa imewe ibe na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya, mgbasa ozi sitere naanị ederede. <ref>{{Cite web|date=October 23, 2000|title=Google Launches Self-Service Advertising Program|url=https://www.google.com/press/pressrel/pressrelease39.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401005413/http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/pressrelease39.html|archivedate=April 1, 2012|accessdate=July 15, 2017|work=News from Google}}</ref> Na June 2000, a mara ọkwa na Gogulu ga-abụ onye na-eweta ihe nchọta nchọta maka Yahoo!, otu n'ime weebụsaịtị kachasị ewu ewu n'oge ahụ, nochiri Inktomi . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Naughton|first=John|date=July 2, 2000|title=Why's Yahoo gone to Google? Search me|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/02/searchengines.columnists|accessdate=January 30, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yahoo! Selects Google as its Default Search Engine Provider – News announcements – News from Google – Google|url=https://googlepress.blogspot.com/2000/06/yahoo-selects-google-as-its-default.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041155/https://googlepress.blogspot.com/2000/06/yahoo-selects-google-as-its-default.html|archivedate=January 31, 2019|accessdate=January 30, 2019|work=googlepress.blogspot.com}}</ref> Na 2003, mgbe ha toro ebe abụọ ọzọ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbazitere ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ site na Silicon Graphics, na 1600 Amphitheater Parkway na Mountain View, California . <ref name="sgibldg">{{Cite news|author=Olsen|first=Stephanie|date=July 11, 2003|title=Google's movin' on up|work=[[CNET]]|publisher=CBS Interactive|url=http://news.cnet.com/Googles-movin-on-up/2110-1032_3-1025111.html|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> A bịara mara mgbagwoju anya dị ka Googleplex, egwuregwu na okwu googolplex, ọnụọgụgụ nke googol zeroes sochiri ya. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, Google zụtara ụlọ ahụ n'aka SGI maka $319&nbsp;nde. <ref name="googleplexpurchase">{{Cite news|date=June 16, 2006|title=Google to buy headquarters building from Silicon Graphics|work=[[American City Business Journals]]|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2006/06/19/newscolumn3.html}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, aha "Google" abanyela n'asụsụ kwa ụbọchị, na-eme ka ngwaa " google " tinye na ''Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary'' na ''Oxford English Dictionary'', nke a kọwara dị ka: "iji Google search engine mee ihe. nweta ozi na ịntanetị." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Krantz|first=Michael|date=October 25, 2006|title=Do You "Google"?|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/do-you-google.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120530/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/do-you-google.html|archivedate=May 30, 2012|accessdate=February 17, 2010|work=Google, Inc.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bylund|first=Anders|date=July 5, 2006|title=To Google or Not to Google|url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20060707062623/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/|archivedate=July 7, 2006|accessdate=February 17, 2010|work=msnbc.com}}</ref> Ojiji mbụ nke ngwaa na telivishọn pụtara na ihe omume October 2002 nke ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=June 27, 2014|title=The First Use of 'to Google' on Television? Buffy the Vampire Slayer|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/the-first-use-of-the-verb-to-google-on-television-buffy-the-vampire-slayer/373599/|accessdate=30 June 2021|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, na 2001 ndi tinyere ego na gogulu chere na ọ dị mkpa inwe njikwa ime ụlọ siri ike, ha kwekọrịtara iwere Eric Schmidt dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi Gogulu <ref name="Google Inc">{{Cite web|author=Hosch|first=William L.|title=Google Inc.|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220013941/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc|archivedate=February 20, 2019|accessdate=March 17, 2019|work=Britannica|publisher=Britannica}}</ref> === Onyinye ọhaneze izizi === Na Ọgọst 19, 2004, Gogulu ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ọha site na onyinye mbụ ọha . N'oge ahụ Larry Page, Sergey Brin, na Eric Schmidt kwetara ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Google maka afọ iri abuo , ruo n'afọ 2024. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Lashinsky|first=Adam|date=January 29, 2008|title=Google wins again|work=Fortune|publisher=Time Warner|url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm|accessdate=January 22, 2011|archive-date=October 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022200031/http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere oke ahia 19,605,052 na ọnụ ahịa $85 kwa òkè. <ref name="IPO">{{Cite web|title=GOOG Stock|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/stocks/goog-stock|publisher=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|year=2004|title=2004 Annual Report|url=http://investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/659XUbJTj?url=http://investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf|archivedate=February 2, 2012|accessdate=February 19, 2010|work=Google, Inc.}}</ref> A na-ere òkè na ntanetị n'ịntanetị site na iji usoro nke Morgan Stanley na Credit Suisse wuru, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ maka nkwekọrịta ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=La Monica|first=Paul R.|date=April 30, 2004|title=Google sets $2.7&nbsp;billion IPO|work=CNN Money|url=https://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/|accessdate=February 19, 2010|archive-date=October 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022154717/http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kawamoto|first=Dawn|date=April 29, 2004|title=Want In on Google's IPO?|url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/659XV2yME?url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799|archivedate=February 2, 2012|accessdate=February 19, 2010|work=ZDNet}}</ref> Ire nke ijeri $1.67 nyere Gogulu isi ahịa ahịa karịrị ijeri $23. <ref name="washpost">{{Cite news|author=Webb|first=Cynthia L.|date=August 19, 2004|title=Google's IPO: Grate Expectations|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 13, 2006, Gogulu nwetara YouTube maka ijeri $1.65 na ngwaahịa Gogulu, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Arrington|first=Michael|date=October 9, 2006|title=Google Has Acquired YouTube|url=https://techcrunch.com/2006/10/09/google-has-acquired-youtube/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316024815/https://techcrunch.com/2006/10/09/google-has-acquired-youtube/|archivedate=March 16, 2017|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sorkin|first=Andrew Ross|date=October 9, 2006|title=Google to Acquire YouTube for $1.65 Billion|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/09/business/09cnd-deal.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609080519/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/09/business/09cnd-deal.html|archivedate=June 9, 2017|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Arrington|first=Michael|date=November 13, 2006|title=Google Closes YouTube Acquisition|url=https://techcrunch.com/2006/11/13/google-closes-youtube-acquisition/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316024500/https://techcrunch.com/2006/11/13/google-closes-youtube-acquisition/|archivedate=March 16, 2017|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Auchard|first=Eric|date=November 14, 2006|title=Google closes YouTube deal|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-idUSWEN973120061114|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316113147/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-idUSWEN973120061114|archivedate=March 16, 2017|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]}}</ref> Na Maachị 11, 2008, Gogulu nwetara DoubleClick maka $3.1&nbsp;ijeri, na-ebufe na Gogulu mmekọrịta bara uru nke “DoubleClick”nwere na ndị mbipụta Weebụ na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Lawsky|first=David|date=March 11, 2008|title=Google closes DoubleClick merger after EU approval|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-doubleclick-eu-idUSBFA00058020080311}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Story|first=Louise|date=April 14, 2007|title=Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billion|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404014741/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html|archivedate=April 4, 2017|accessdate=March 9, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2011, Gogulu na-eji ihe dị ka ijeri 3 na-achọ ihe kwa ụbọchị. Iji jikwaa ọrụ a, Gogulu wuru ebe data 11 gburugburu ụwa nwere ọtụtụ puku sava na nke ọ bụla. Ebe data ndị a nyere Google aka ijikwa ọrụ na-agbanwe mgbe niile nke ọma. <ref name="Google Inc"/> Na Mee 2011, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọbịa pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa na Gogulu karịrị otu ijeri na nke mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Worstall|first=Tim|date=June 22, 2011|title=Google Hits One Billion Visitors in Only One Month|work=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2011/06/22/google-hits-one-billion-visitors-in-only-one-month/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Efrati|first=Amir|date=June 21, 2011|title=Google Notches One Billion Unique Visitors Per Month|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-22656}}</ref> Na Mee 2012, Gogulu nwetara Motorola Mobility maka $12.5&nbsp;ijeri, n'inweta ya kachasị ruo taa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 22, 2012|title=Google Completes Takeover of Motorola Mobility|publisher=[[IndustryWeek]]|url=https://www.industryweek.com/finance/governance-risk-compliance/article/21957658/google-completes-takeover-of-motorola-mobility}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Tsukayama|first=Hayley|date=August 15, 2011|title=Google agrees to acquire Motorola Mobility|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/faster-forward/post/google-agrees-to-acquire-motorola-mobility/2011/08/15/gIQABmTkGJ_blog.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google to Acquire Motorola Mobility&nbsp;— Google Investor Relations|url=http://investor.google.com/releases/2011/0815.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817101741/http://investor.google.com/releases/2011/0815.html|archivedate=August 17, 2011|accessdate=August 17, 2011|work=Google}}</ref> Emere ịzụrụ ihe a n'otu akụkụ iji nyere Google aka inweta nnukwu patenti pọtụfoliyo nke Motorola na ekwentị mkpanaaka na teknụzụ ikuku, iji nyere aka chebe Gogulu na esemokwu patenti ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Page|first=Larry|authorlink=Larry Page|date=August 15, 2011|title=Official Google Blog: Supercharging Android: Google to Acquire Motorola Mobility|url=https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/supercharging-android-google-to-acquire.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UHjJzgs?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/supercharging-android-google-to-acquire.html|archivedate=July 28, 2012|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> tumadi Apple na Microsoft, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hughes|first=Neil|date=August 15, 2011|title=Google CEO: 'Anticompetitive' Apple, Microsoft forced Motorola deal|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/15/google_ceo_anticompetitive_apple_microsoft_forced_motorola_deal.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210181127/http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/15/google_ceo_anticompetitive_apple_microsoft_forced_motorola_deal.html|archivedate=December 10, 2011|work=[[AppleInsider]]}}</ref> na ikwe ka ọ nweta ya. na-aga n'ihu na-enye gam akporo. <ref name="cnet">{{Cite web|author=Cheng|first=Roger|date=August 15, 2011|title=Google to buy Motorola Mobility for $12.5B|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-20092362-94/google-to-buy-motorola-mobility-for-$12.5b/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006062539/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-20092362-94/google-to-buy-motorola-mobility-for-$12.5b/|archivedate=October 6, 2011|accessdate=August 15, 2011|work=CNet News}}</ref> === 2012 gawa n'ihu === Na June 2013, Gogulu nwetara Waze, nkwekọrịta $ 966 nde. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kerr|first=Dara|date=July 25, 2013|title=Google reveals it spent $966 million in Waze acquisition|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-reveals-it-spent-966-million-in-waze-acquisition/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216011658/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-reveals-it-spent-966-million-in-waze-acquisition/|archivedate=February 16, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[CNET]]|publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Waze ga-anọgide na-enwere onwe ya, njirimara mmekọrịta ya, dị ka ikpo okwu ebe a na-enweta ya, bụ ọnụ ahịa bara uru n'etiti Waze na [[Google Maps]], ọrụ nkewa nke Gogulu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lunden|first=Ingrid|date=June 11, 2013|title=Google Bought Waze For $1.1B, Giving A Social Data Boost To Its Mapping Business|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/11/its-official-google-buys-waze-giving-a-social-data-boost-to-its-location-and-mapping-business/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706051802/https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/11/its-official-google-buys-waze-giving-a-social-data-boost-to-its-location-and-mapping-business/|archivedate=July 6, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> Gogulu kwuputara mwepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, nke a na-akpọ Calico, na Septemba 19, 2013, onye isi oche Apple Inc. Arthur Levinson ga-edu. Na nkwupụta ọha na eze, Page kọwara na ụlọ ọrụ "ahụike na ọdịmma" ga-elekwasị anya na "ihe ịma aka nke ịka nká na ọrịa ndị metụtara ya". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Wakefield|first=Jane|date=September 19, 2013|title=Google spin-off Calico to search for answers to ageing|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24158924|accessdate=September 20, 2013}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 26, 2014, Gogulu kwuputara na ya ekwenyela inweta DeepMind Teknụzụ, ụlọ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi na-ejide onwe ya na [[London]] . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Chowdhry|first=Amit|date=January 27, 2014|title=Google To Acquire Artificial Intelligence Company DeepMind|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2014/01/27/google-to-acquire-artificial-intelligence-company-deepmind/|accessdate=January 27, 2014}}</ref> Webụsaịtị akụkọ teknụzụ ''Recode'' kọrọ na a zụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nde $400, mana ekpughere isi mmalite nke ozi ahụ. Onye nkwuchite ọnụ Gogulu jụrụ ikwu maka ọnụahịa ahụ. <ref name="Helgren- DeepMind">{{Cite news|author=Helgren|first=Chris|date=January 27, 2014|title=Google to buy artificial intelligence company DeepMind|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-deepmind-idUSBREA0Q03220140127|accessdate=January 27, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Ribeiro- DeepMind">{{Cite news|author=Ribeiro|first=Jon|date=January 27, 2014|title=Google buys artificial intelligence company DeepMind|work=PC World|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2091500/google-acquires-artificial-intelligence-company-deepmind.html|accessdate=January 27, 2014}}</ref> Ịzụta ihe enyemaka DeepMind na uto Gogulu na-adịbeghị anya na ọgụgụ isi na obodo robotics. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Opam|first=Kwame|date=January 26, 2014|title=Google buying AI startup DeepMind for a reported $400 million|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/26/5348640/google-deepmind-acquisition-robotics-ai|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708161602/https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/26/5348640/google-deepmind-acquisition-robotics-ai|archivedate=July 8, 2017|accessdate=March 9, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Interbrand's Best Global Brands si kwuo, Gogulu abụrụla akara nke abụọ kasị baa uru n'ụwa (n'azụ Apple Inc. ) na 2013, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rankings - 2013 - Best Global Brands - Interbrand|url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2013/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022013506/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2013/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archivedate=October 22, 2016|accessdate=October 23, 2016|work=Interbrand}}</ref> 2014, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rankings - 2014 - Best Global Brands - Interbrand|url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2014/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103140119/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2014/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archivedate=November 3, 2016|accessdate=October 23, 2016|work=Interbrand}}</ref> 2015, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rankings - 2015 - Best Global Brands - Interbrand|url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2015/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021100708/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2015/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archivedate=October 21, 2016|accessdate=October 23, 2016|work=Interbrand}}</ref> na 2016, na ọnụ ahịa nke $133. ijeri. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rankings - 2016 - Best Global Brands|url=http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2016/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20161220191226/http://interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2016/ranking/#?listFormat=ls|archivedate=December 20, 2016|accessdate=October 23, 2016|work=Interbrand}}</ref> Na August 10, 2015, Gogulu kwupụtara atụmatụ ịhazigharị mmasị ya dị iche iche dị ka conglomerate aha ya bụ Alphabet Inc. Gogulu ghọrọ onye enyemaka Alphabet kacha na ụlọ ọrụ nche anwụ maka ọdịmma ịntanetị Alphabet. Mgbe emechara nhazigharị ahụ, Sundar Pichai ghọrọ CEO nke Gogulu, dochie Larry Page, onye ghọrọ CEO nke Alphabet. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Womack|first=Brian|date=August 10, 2015|title=Google Rises After Creating Holding Company Called Alphabet|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-10/google-to-adopt-new-holding-structure-under-name-alphabet-|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123054841/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-10/google-to-adopt-new-holding-structure-under-name-alphabet-|archivedate=November 23, 2016|accessdate=November 22, 2016|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Barr|first=Alistair|date=August 10, 2015|title=Google Creates Parent Company Called Alphabet in Restructuring|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-creates-new-company-alphabet-1439240645|accessdate=November 22, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dougherty|first=Conor|date=August 10, 2015|title=Google to Reorganize as Alphabet to Keep Its Lead as an Innovator|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/technology/google-alphabet-restructuring.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019164806/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/technology/google-alphabet-restructuring.html|archivedate=October 19, 2016|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Na Ogost 8, 2017, Gogulu chụrụ onye ọrụ James Damore mgbe ọ kesasịrị akwụkwọ ozi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ niile na-arụrịta ụka na-ezighị ezi na " Google's Ideological Echo Chamber " gbachiri echiche ha banyere ọdịiche dị iche iche na nsonye, nakwa na ọ bụkwa ihe ndị dị ndụ, ọ bụghị ịkpa ókè naanị, na. na-eme ka nkezi nwanyị ghara inwe mmasị karịa ndị nwoke na ọnọdụ teknụzụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title="Google Fires Engineer Who Wrote Memo Questioning Women in Tech"|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 8, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/business/google-women-engineer-fired-memo.html|author=Wakabayashi|first=Daisuke|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref> Onye isi ala Gogulu Sundar Pichai boro Damore ebubo imebi iwu ụlọ ọrụ site na "ịkwalite echiche nwoke na nwanyị na-emerụ ahụ n'ebe ọrụ anyị", a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ n'otu ụbọchị ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Contentious Memo Strikes Nerve Inside Google and Out|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 8, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/08/technology/google-engineer-fired-gender-memo.html|author=Wakabayashi|first=Daisuke|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref> <ref>diversitymemo.com</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Friedersdorf|first=Conor|date=August 8, 2017|title=The Most Common Error in Media Coverage of the Google Memo|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/the-most-common-error-in-coverage-of-the-google-memo/536181/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808230220/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/the-most-common-error-in-coverage-of-the-google-memo/536181/|archivedate=August 8, 2017|accessdate=August 9, 2017|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> N'etiti 2018 na 2019, esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ ya na-arịwanye elu ka ndị ọrụ na-eme mkpesa na mkpebi ụlọ ọrụ na mmekpa ahụ n'ime ime mmekọahụ, Dragonfly, onye nyocha China na-enyocha, na Project Maven, onye “military drone artificial intelligence” isi, bụ nke a na-ahụ anya dị ka akụkụ nke ego ha nwetara. uto maka ụlọ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bergen|first=Mark|date=November 22, 2019|title=Google Workers Protest Company's 'Brute Force Intimidation'|language=en|work=[[Bloomberg.com]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-22/google-workers-protest-company-s-brute-force-intimidation}}</ref> <ref name="Verge busting">{{Cite web|author=Hollister|first=Sean|date=November 25, 2019|title=Google is accused of union busting after firing four employees|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/25/20983053/google-fires-four-employees-memo-rebecca-rivers-laurence-berland-union-busting-accusation-walkout|accessdate=November 26, 2019|work=[[The Verge]]|language=en}}</ref> Na Ọktoba 25, 2018, ''akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times'' bipụtara ''ikpughe'', "Otu Gogulu si chebe Andy Rubin, 'Nna nke Android'". Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mechara kwupụta na "a chụrụ ndị ọrụ 48 n'ọrụ n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga" maka mmekọahụ rụrụ arụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Welch|first=Chris|date=October 25, 2018|title=Google says 48 people have been fired for sexual harassment in the last two years|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/25/18024486/google-sexual-harassment-people-fired-rubin-2-years-ceo|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133020/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/25/18024486/google-sexual-harassment-people-fired-rubin-2-years-ceo|archivedate=October 31, 2018|accessdate=October 31, 2018|work=The Verge}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 1, 2018, ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ Gogulu 20,000 na ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta mere ngagharịiwe zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mee mkpesa maka njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na-eme mkpesa iyi egwu mmekọahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hamilton|first=Isobel Asher|date=November 1, 2018|title=PHOTOS: Google employees all over the world left their desk and walked out in protest over sexual misconduct|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-walkout-live-pictures-of-protesting-google-workers-2018-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102174328/https://www.businessinsider.com/google-walkout-live-pictures-of-protesting-google-workers-2018-11|archivedate=November 2, 2018|accessdate=November 6, 2018|work=Business Insider}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Segarra|first=Lisa Marie|date=November 3, 2018|title=More Than 20,000 Google Employees Participated in Walkout Over Sexual Harassment Policy|publisher=Fortune|url=http://fortune.com/2018/11/03/google-employees-walkout-demands/|accessdate=November 6, 2018}}</ref> Onye isi ala Sundar Pichai kwuru na ọ na-akwado ngagharị iwe a. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Liedtke|first=Michael|date=1 November 2018|title=Google workers walk out to protest sexual misconduct|publisher=Akron Beacon/Journal|url=https://www.ohio.com/news/20181101/google-workers-walk-out-to-protest-sexual-misconduct|accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị na 2019, ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ boro ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebubo imegwara ndị na-eme ihe n'ime. [94] Na Machị 19, 2019, Gogulu kwupụtara na ọ ga-abanye n'ahịa egwuregwu vidiyo, na-ebupụta ikpo okwu egwuregwu igwe ojii akpọrọ Google Stadia . <ref name="unveils">{{Cite web|author=Warren|first=Tom|date=March 19, 2019|title=Google unveils Stadia cloud gaming service, launches in 2019|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/19/18271702/google-stadia-cloud-gaming-service-announcement-gdc-2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319173136/https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/19/18271702/google-stadia-cloud-gaming-service-announcement-gdc-2019|archivedate=March 19, 2019|accessdate=April 8, 2019|work=The Verge}}</ref> Na June 3, 2019, Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke United States kọrọ na ọ ga-enyocha Gogulu maka mmebi iwu mgbochi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google shares take a dive with reports of US DoJ 'competition' probe|url=https://www.theregister.com/2019/06/03/google_shares_take_a_dive_on_doj_reports/|work=www.theregister.com}}</ref> Nke a butere itinye akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe na-emegide ntụkwasị obi na Ọktoba 2020, n'ihi na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ejirila ọnọdụ naanị ya mee ihe n'ahịa mgbasa ozi na ọchụchọ . <ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S. Files Antitrust Suit Against Google|work=NPR.org|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/20/925895658/u-s-files-antitrust-suit-against-google}}</ref> Na Disemba 2019, onye bụbu onye isi ọrụ PayPal Bill Ready ghọrọ onye isi azụmaahịa ọhụrụ nke Gogulu. Ọrụ njikere agaghị etinye aka na Google Pay . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=December 11, 2019|title=PayPal's exiting COO Bill Ready to join Google as its new president of Commerce|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/12/11/paypals-exiting-coo-bill-ready-to-join-google-as-its-new-president-of-commerce/|work=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> Na onwa Eprelu 2020, n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, Gogulu kwuputara ọtụtụ usoro mbelata ọnụ ahịa. Usoro ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere ibelata ndị ọrụ n'ọrụ maka ihe fọdụrụ na 2020, ewezuga ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mpaghara atụmatụ, na-emegharị elekwasị anya na usoro ntinye ego na mpaghara dị ka ebe data na igwe, na ahịa na njem na-abụghị azụmahịa dị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=April 15, 2020|title=Bloomberg - Google to Slow Hiring for Rest of 2020, CEO Tells Staff|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-15/google-to-slow-hiring-for-rest-of-2020-ceo-pichai-tells-staff|accessdate=April 16, 2020|work=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> Mwepụ ọrụ Gogulu 2020 kwụsịrị ọrụ Gogulu otu n'August nke metụtara Gogulu draivu n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ọzọ na Nọvemba na-emetụta YouTube, na nke atọ na Disemba na-emetụta ngwa Gogulu dum. Emechara nkwụsị atọ ahụ n'ime awa ole na ole. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google services including Gmail hit by serious disruption|url=https://news.sky.com/story/google-services-including-gmail-hit-by-serious-disruption-12052892|work=Sky News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Li|first=Abner|date=November 12, 2020|title=YouTube is currently down amid widespread outage|url=https://9to5google.com/2020/11/11/youtube-tv-down-2/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=December 14, 2020|title=YouTube back online, all services restored as Google apologizes for 'system outage' &#124; TechRadar|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/google-suite-youtube-and-other-services-are-down|work=www.techradar.com|accessdate=February 23, 2022|archivedate=December 14, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214235555/https://www.techradar.com/amp/news/google-suite-youtube-and-other-services-are-down%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjT_qTet83tAhVJJzQIHcFXB-kQyM8BCCgwAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw0HFBmVnTnarPXLRK7ok2jE%26ampcf%3D1}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2021, Gọọmenti Australia tụpụtara iwu ga-achọ ka Gogulu na Fesibuuk kwụọ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ụgwọ maka ikike iji ọdịnaya ha. Na nzaghachi, Gogulu yiri egwu imechi ohere nchọta ya na mba Australia. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jose|first=Renju|date=January 22, 2021|title=Google says to block search engine in Australia if forced to pay for news|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-media-google-idUSKBN29R04O|accessdate=January 22, 2021}}</ref> Na Maachị 2021, Gogulu kwuru na ọ kwụrụ $20 nde maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ubisoft na Google Stadia . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google reportedly paid $20m for Ubisoft ports on Stadia|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-03-01-google-reportedly-paid-usd20m-for-ubisoft-ports-on-stadia|accessdate=March 1, 2021|work=GamesIndustry.biz|language=en}}</ref> Gogulu mefuru "iriri nde dollar" iji nweta ndị mgbasa ozi dịka Ubisoft na Take-Two ka ha weta ụfọdụ nnukwu egwuregwu ha na Stadia. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Schreier|first=Jason|date=February 28, 2021|title=Google had big video game ambitions. Then reality hit|url=https://fortune.com/2021/02/27/google-stadia-video-game-streaming-reality-check-consoles/|accessdate=2022-02-03|work=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> Na onwa Eprel 2021, ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Wall Street Journal'' kọrọ na Gogulu mere mmemme ogologo afọ a na-akpọ 'Project Bernanke' nke jiri data sitere na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi gara aga iji nweta uru karịa ịsọ mpi maka ọrụ mgbasa ozi. Ekpughere nke a n'akwụkwọ gbasara akwụkwọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke steeti US iri gbara megide Gogulu na Disemba. <ref>{{Cite web|date=April 11, 2021|title=Google's Secret 'Project Bernanke' Revealed in Texas Antitrust Case|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/googles-secret-project-bernanke-revealed-in-texas-antitrust-case-11618097760|accessdate=April 13, 2021|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|language=en}}</ref> Na Septemba 2021, gọọmentị Australia kwupụtara atụmatụ igbochi ikike Gogulu ịre mgbasa ozi ezubere iche, na-ekwu na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ikike n'ahịa na-emerụ ndị mbipụta, ndị mgbasa ozi na ndị ahịa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-28|title=Australian Government Plans to Curb Google's Capability to Sell Targeted Ads - September 28, 2021|url=https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/09/28/australian-government-plans-to-curb-googles-capability-to-sell-targeted-ads/|accessdate=2021-10-04|work=Daily News Brief|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004124647/https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/09/28/australian-government-plans-to-curb-googles-capability-to-sell-targeted-ads/}}</ref> == Ngwaahịa na ọrụ == Gogulu na- edepụta ọtụtụ ijeri ibe weebụ iji nye ndị ọrụ ohere ịchọ ozi ha chọrọ site na iji mkpụrụokwu na ndị na -arụ ọrụ . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Arrington|first=Michael|date=July 25, 2008|title=Google's Misleading Blog Post: The Size Of The Web And The Size Of Their Index Are Very Different|url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/07/25/googles-misleading-blog-post-on-the-size-of-the-web/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312042335/https://techcrunch.com/2008/07/25/googles-misleading-blog-post-on-the-size-of-the-web/|archivedate=March 12, 2017|accessdate=March 9, 2017|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> Dabere na nyocha ahịa comScore sitere na Nọvemba 2009, Google Search bụ igwe nchọta kachasị na ahịa United States, yana oke ahịa nke 65.6%. <ref name="comscore">{{Cite news|date=December 16, 2006|title=comScore Releases November 2009 U.S. Search Engine Rankings|url=http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2009/12/comScore_Releases_November_2009_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings|accessdate=July 5, 2010}}</ref> Na Mee 2017, Gogulu mere ka taabụ "onwe" ọhụrụ na Google Search, na-ahapụ ndị ọrụ ịchọ ọdịnaya na ọrụ dị iche iche nke akaụntụ Gogulu ha, gụnyere ozi email sitere na Gmail na foto sitere na Google Photos . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Schwartz|first=Barry|date=May 26, 2017|title=Google Adds Personal Tab To Search Filters|url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-personal-tab-search-23912.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527140309/https://www.seroundtable.com/google-personal-tab-search-23912.html|archivedate=May 27, 2017|accessdate=May 27, 2017|work=Search Engine Roundtable|publisher=RustyBrick}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gartenberg|first=Chaim|date=May 26, 2017|title=Google adds new Personal tab to search results to show Gmail and Photos content|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/26/15701778/google-personal-tab-search-results-gmail-photos-images-maps-news-filter|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526215945/https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/26/15701778/google-personal-tab-search-results-gmail-photos-images-maps-news-filter|archivedate=May 26, 2017|accessdate=May 27, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> Gogulu malitere ọrụ Google News ya na 2002, ọrụ akpaaka nke na-achịkọta akụkọ akụkọ sitere na webụsaịtị dị iche iche. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Macht|first=Joshua|date=September 30, 2002|title=Automatic for the People|work=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,356152,00.html|accessdate=June 7, 2010|archive-date=October 22, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022094519/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,356152,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gogulu na-akwado akwụkwọ Gogulu, ọrụ nke na-enyocha ederede dị n'akwụkwọ dị na nchekwa data ya ma na-egosi nleba anya nwere oke ma ọ bụ na akwụkwọ zuru ezu ebe a na-anabata ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Martin|first=China|date=November 26, 2007|title=Google hit with second lawsuit over Library project|url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/google-hit-second-lawsuit-over-library-project-722|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510022853/http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/google-hit-second-lawsuit-over-library-project-722|archivedate=May 10, 2011|accessdate=July 5, 2010|publisher=[[InfoWorld]]}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi === Gogulu na-enweta ọtụtụ ego ya na mgbasa ozi. Nke a gụnyere ire ngwa, ịzụrụ ihe n'ime ngwa, ngwaahịa ọdịnaya dijitalụ na Gogulu na YouTube, gam akporo na ikikere yana ụgwọ ọrụ, gụnyere ụgwọ anatara maka onyinye Google Cloud. Pasent iri anọ na isii nke uru a sitere na clicks (ọnụahịa kwa clicks), ruru US $ 109,652 nde na 2017. Nke a gụnyere ụzọ atọ bụ isi, ya bụ AdMob, AdSense (dị ka AdSense maka Ọdịnaya, AdSense maka Ọchụchọ, wdg) na DoubleClick AdExchange. <ref name="agm2017">{{Cite book|url=https://abc.xyz/investor|title=Annualg report (Alphabet Inc.) - 2017|date=March 1, 2018|publisher=Alphabet Inc. Investor relations|accessdate=December 3, 2018}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na algọridim nke ya maka ịghọta arịrịọ ọchụchọ, Gogulu na-eji teknụzụ nweta DoubleClick, iji mepụta mmasị onye ọrụ na mgbasa ozi lekwasịrị anya na ọnọdụ ọchụchọ yana akụkọ onye ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nakashima|first=Ellen|date=August 12, 2008|title=Some Web Firms Say They Track Behavior Without Explicit Consent|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102270_pf.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Helft|first=Miguel|date=March 11, 2009|title=Google to Offer Ads Based on Interests|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/technology/internet/11google.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328214358/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/technology/internet/11google.html|archivedate=March 28, 2017|accessdate=March 9, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, Gogulu malitere " AdSense for Mobile ", na-eji uru ahịa mgbasa ozi ekwentị na-apụta. <ref name="adsense_mobile">{{Cite web|date=September 17, 2007|title=Google AdSense for Mobile unlocks the potential of the mobile advertising market|url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/20070917_mobileads.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620042233/https://www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/20070917_mobileads.html|archivedate=June 20, 2012|accessdate=February 26, 2010|work=Google, Inc.}}</ref> Nchịkọta Gogulu na-enye ndị nwe weebụsaịtị ohere soro ebe na otu ndị mmadụ si eji webụsaịtị ha, dịka ọmụmaatụ site na nyochaa ọnụego pịa maka njikọ niile dị na ibe. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bright|first=Peter|date=August 27, 2008|title=Surfing on the sly with IE8's new "InPrivate" Internet|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/08/surfing-on-the-sly-ie8s-inprivate-internet/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312040931/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/08/surfing-on-the-sly-ie8s-inprivate-internet/|archivedate=March 12, 2017|accessdate=March 9, 2017|work=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]}}</ref> Enwere ike itinye mgbasa ozi Gogulu na webụsaịtị ndị ọzọ na mmemme akụkụ abụọ. Mgbasa ozi Gogulu na-enye ndị mgbasa ozi ohere igosipụta mgbasa ozi ha na netwọk ọdịnaya Gogulu, site na atụmatụ ọnụ-otu-pịa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Beal|first=Vangie|date=December 21, 2010|title=AdWords - Google AdWords|url=http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adwords.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629163240/http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adwords.html|archivedate=June 29, 2017|accessdate=May 27, 2017|work=Webopedia|publisher=QuinStreet Inc.}}</ref> Ọrụ nwanne nwanyị, GoguluAdSense, na-enye ndị nwe webụsaịtị ohere igosipụta mgbasa ozi ndị a na webụsaịtị ha wee nweta ego mgbe ọ bụla pịnyere mgbasa ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Beal|first=Vangie|date=December 20, 2010|title=AdSense - Google AdSense|url=http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adsense.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502044751/http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/adsense.html|archivedate=May 2, 2017|accessdate=May 27, 2017|work=Webopedia|publisher=QuinStreet Inc.}}</ref> Otu n'ime nkatọ nke mmemme a bụ ohere nke ịpị wayo, nke na-eme mgbe mmadụ ma ọ bụ edemede na-akpaghị aka na-agbanye na mgbasa ozi na-enweghị mmasị na ngwaahịa ahụ, na-eme ka onye mgbasa ozi kwụọ Gogulu ego na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Akụkọ ụlọ ọrụ na 2006 kwuru na ihe dịka 14 ruo 20&nbsp;Pasent nke ọpịpị bụ aghụghọ ma ọ bụ ezighi ezi. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mills|first=Elinor|date=July 25, 2006|title=Google to offer advertisers click fraud stats|work=news.cnet.com|publisher=[[CNET]]|url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-to-offer-advertisers-click-fraud-stats/2100-1024_3-6098469.html|accessdate=July 29, 2006}}</ref> Nchọgharị Ọchụchọ Gogulu (nke ewegharịrị site na Gogulu Webmaster Tools na Mee 2015) na-enye ndị na-ahụ maka webusaiti aka ịlele saịtị saịtị, ọnụego crawl, yana maka ihe nchekwa nke webụsaịtị ha, yana kwalite visibiliti webụsaịtị ha. === Ọrụ ndị ahịa === Gogulu na-enye Gmail maka email, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gayomali|first=Chris|date=April 1, 2014|title=When Gmail Launched On April 1, 2004, People Thought It Was A Joke|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3028513/when-gmail-launched-on-april-1-2004-people-thought-it-was-a-joke|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018201644/https://www.fastcompany.com/3028513/when-gmail-launched-on-april-1-2004-people-thought-it-was-a-joke|archivedate=October 18, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]|publisher=Mansueto Ventures}}</ref> Gogulu kalinda maka nhazi oge na nhazi oge, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Vincent|first=James|date=January 5, 2017|title=Google Calendar update makes it easier to track your New Year's fitness goals|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/5/14175830/google-calendar-track-fitness-goals-health-data|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113025213/http://www.theverge.com/2017/1/5/14175830/google-calendar-track-fitness-goals-health-data|archivedate=January 13, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> [[Google Maps|Gogulu Maps]] maka eserese, igodo na ihe onyonyo satịlaịtị, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Broussard|first=Mitchel|date=March 22, 2017|title=Google Maps Introduces New Location Sharing Feature With Real-Time Friend Tracking|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/03/22/google-maps-location-sharing/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327173708/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/03/22/google-maps-location-sharing/|archivedate=March 27, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref> Gogulu Draivu maka nchekwa igwe ojii nke faịlụ, <ref name="verge-drive-announced">{{Cite web|author=Sottek|first=T.C.|date=April 24, 2012|title=Google Drive officially launches with 5&nbsp;GB free storage, Google Docs integration|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/4/24/2971025/google-drive-official-launch-features|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226161807/http://www.theverge.com/2012/4/24/2971025/google-drive-official-launch-features|archivedate=December 26, 2016|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> Gogulu Docs, Ibé akwụkwọ na Ihe mmịfe maka nrụpụta, <ref name="verge-drive-announced" /> Foto Gogulumaka nchekwa foto na nkekọrịta, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=May 28, 2015|title=Google Photos Breaks Free Of Google+, Now Offers Free, Unlimited Storage|url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/28/google-photos-breaks-free-of-google-now-offers-free-unlimited-storage/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706135643/https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/28/google-photos-breaks-free-of-google-now-offers-free-unlimited-storage/|archivedate=July 6, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> Gogulu Nọgidenụ maka ndetu, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Graziano|first=Dan|date=March 20, 2013|title=Google launches Google Keep note-taking service [video]|url=http://bgr.com/2013/03/20/google-keep-annnounced-388095/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008154306/http://bgr.com/2013/03/20/google-keep-annnounced-388095/|archivedate=October 8, 2016|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]}}</ref> Gogulu Transleti maka ntụgharị asụsụ, YouTube maka ikiri vidiyo na ikesa, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hamedy|first=Saba|date=February 28, 2017|title=People now spend 1 billion hours watching YouTube every day|url=http://mashable.com/2017/02/27/youtube-one-billion-hours-of-video-daily/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517233015/http://mashable.com/2017/02/27/youtube-one-billion-hours-of-video-daily/|archivedate=May 17, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> [[Google Maps|Gogulu My Business]] maka ijikwa ozi azụmahịa ọha, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google My Business – Stand Out on Google for Free|url=https://www.google.com/business/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207151521/https://www.google.com/business/|archivedate=February 7, 2019|accessdate=February 6, 2019|work=www.google.com}}</ref> na Duo maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Na Machị 2019, Gogulu weputara ọrụ egwuregwu igwe ojii akpọrọ Stadia . <ref name="unveils"/> Ngwaahịa ọchụchọ ọrụ dịkwa adị kemgbe tupu 2017, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Zakrasek|first=Nick|year=2017|title=Connecting more Americans with jobs|url=https://www.blog.google/products/search/connecting-more-americans-jobs/|work=blog.google}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Job Search on Google - Get Your Job Postings on Google Today|url=https://jobs.google.com/about|work=jobs.google.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Search Job Opportunities & Expand Career Skills|url=https://grow.google/job-seekers/|work=Grow With Google}}</ref> Gogulu maka Ọrụ bụ njirimara ọchụchọ emelitere nke na-achịkọta ndepụta sitere na bọọdụ ọrụ na saịtị ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ryan|first=Robin|year=2019|title=How To Use Google's Job Search Feature To Land A Job|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robinryan/2019/08/06/how-to-use-googles-new-job-search-feature-to-land-a-job|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806144615/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robinryan/2019/08/06/how-to-use-googles-new-job-search-feature-to-land-a-job/|archivedate=August 6, 2019|work=forbes.com}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ọrụ Gogulu adabereghị na webụ. Google Earth, nke ewepụtara na 2005, kwere ka ndị ọrụ hụ foto satịlaịtị dị elu sitere na ụwa niile n'efu site na ngwanrọ ndị ahịa ebudatara na kọmputa ha. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Clarke, Philippa|year=2010|title=Using Google Earth to conduct a neighborhood audit: reliability of a virtual audit instrument|journal=Health & Place|volume=16|issue=6|pages=1224–1229|doi=10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.08.007|pmid=20797897}}</ref> ==== Ngwa ngwa ==== Gogulu na-emepụta sistemụ mkpanaka mkpanaka gam akporo, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Schonfeld|first=Erick|date=November 5, 2007|title=Breaking: Google Announces Android and Open Handset Alliance|url=https://techcrunch.com/2007/11/05/breaking-google-announces-android-and-open-handset-alliance/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622140334/https://techcrunch.com/2007/11/05/breaking-google-announces-android-and-open-handset-alliance/|archivedate=June 22, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> yana smartwatch ya, <ref>{{Cite web|author=D'Orazio|first=Dante|date=March 18, 2014|title=Google reveals Android Wear, an operating system for smartwatches|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/3/18/5522226/google-reveals-android-wear-an-operating-system-designed-for|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210034323/http://www.theverge.com/2014/3/18/5522226/google-reveals-android-wear-an-operating-system-designed-for|archivedate=February 10, 2017|accessdate=April 4, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> telivishọn, ụgbọ ala <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ong|first=Josh|date=June 25, 2014|title=Google announces Android TV to bring 'voice input, user experience and content' to the living room|url=https://thenextweb.com/google/2014/06/25/android-tv-google-io-2014/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313130445/https://thenextweb.com/google/2014/06/25/android-tv-google-io-2014/|archivedate=March 13, 2017|accessdate=April 4, 2017|work=The Next Web}}</ref>, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Wilhelm|first=Alex|date=June 25, 2014|title=Google Announces Android Auto, Promises Enabled Cars By The End Of 2014|url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/25/google-announces-android-auto-promises-enabled-cars-by-end-of-2014/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622135917/https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/25/google-announces-android-auto-promises-enabled-cars-by-end-of-2014/|archivedate=June 22, 2017|accessdate=April 4, 2017|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> na ịntanetị nke ihe -enyere ụdị ngwaọrụ dị iche iche aka. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kastrenakes|first=Jacob|date=December 13, 2016|title=Android Things is Google's new OS for smart devices|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/13/13924996/android-things-announced-smart-home-iot-operating-system|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217131058/http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/13/13924996/android-things-announced-smart-home-iot-operating-system|archivedate=February 17, 2017|accessdate=April 4, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> Ọ na-etolitekwa ihe nchọgharị weebụ Gogulu kromu, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pichai|first=Sundar|date=September 1, 2008|title=A fresh take on the browser|url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315022315/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html|archivedate=March 15, 2016|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> na Kromu OS, sistemụ arụmọrụ dabere na Kromu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pichai|first=Sundar|date=July 7, 2009|title=Introducing the Google Chrome OS|url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122222918/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html|archivedate=November 22, 2016|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> ==== Akụrụngwa ==== Na onwa Jenụwarị 2010, Gogulu wepụtara Nexus One, ekwentị gam akporo mbụ n'okpuru akara nke ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Siegler|first=MG|date=January 5, 2010|title=The Droid You're Looking For: Live From The Nexus One Event|url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/05/nexus-one-event/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123054909/https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/05/nexus-one-event/|archivedate=November 23, 2016|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref> Ọ zụlitere ọtụtụ ekwentị na mbadamba n'okpuru akara " Nexus " <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ion|first=Florence|date=May 15, 2013|title=From Nexus One to Nexus 10: a brief history of Google's flagship devices|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/05/from-the-nexus-one-to-the-nexus-10-a-brief-history-of-nexus-devices/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624004245/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/05/from-the-nexus-one-to-the-nexus-10-a-brief-history-of-nexus-devices/|archivedate=June 24, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]}}</ref> ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị na 2016, jiri akara ọhụrụ akpọrọ Pixel dochie ya. <ref name="Pixel inside story">{{Cite web|author=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=October 4, 2016|title=The Google Phone: The inside story of Google's bold bet on hardware|url=https://www.theverge.com/a/google-pixel-phone-new-hardware-interview-2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106213353/http://www.theverge.com/a/google-pixel-phone-new-hardware-interview-2016|archivedate=January 6, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2017|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> Na 2011, ewebata Akwukwo kromu nke na-agba na Kromu OS . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pichai|first=Sundar|date=May 11, 2011|title=A new kind of computer: Chromebook|url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2011/05/new-kind-of-computer-chromebook.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122222651/https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2011/05/new-kind-of-computer-chromebook.html|archivedate=November 22, 2016|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> Na Julaị 2013, Gogulu webatara Kromukastidongle, nke na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịkwanye ọdịnaya site na ekwentị ha na igwe onyonyo. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Robertson|first=Adi|date=July 24, 2013|title=Google reveals Chromecast: video streaming to your TV from any device for $35|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4552204/google-reveals-chromecast-tv-streaming|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226065215/http://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4552204/google-reveals-chromecast-tv-streaming|archivedate=December 26, 2016|accessdate=November 29, 2016|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 31, 2013|title=Google Chromecast takes on streaming content to TV|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-23514400|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129205929/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-23514400|archivedate=November 29, 2016|accessdate=November 29, 2016|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Na June 2014, Gogulu kwuputara Gogulu kaadiboodu , ihe nlele kaadiboodu dị mfe nke na-eme ka onye ọrụ tinye ekwenti ha na oghere ihu opụrụ iche iji lelee mgbasa ozi eziokwu (VR). <ref>{{Cite web|author=O'Toole|first=James|date=June 26, 2014|title=Google's cardboard virtual-reality goggles|url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/06/25/technology/innovation/google-cardboard/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129145138/http://money.cnn.com/2014/06/25/technology/innovation/google-cardboard/|archivedate=November 29, 2016|accessdate=November 29, 2016|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kain|first=Erik|date=June 26, 2014|title=Google Cardboard Is Google's Awesomely Weird Answer To Virtual Reality|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/06/26/google-cardboard-is-googles-awesomely-weird-answer-to-virtual-reality/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129151747/http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/06/26/google-cardboard-is-googles-awesomely-weird-answer-to-virtual-reality/|archivedate=November 29, 2016|accessdate=November 29, 2016|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> * Akwu, usoro nke onye enyemaka olu smart ọkà okwu nwere ike ịza ajụjụ olu, kpọọ egwu, chọta ozi sitere na ngwa (kalenda, ihu igwe wdg), yana jikwaa ngwa ụlọ smart nke ndị ọzọ (ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgwa ya ka ọ gbanye ọkụ, maka ihe atụ). The Gogulu Nest ahịrị na-agụnye mbụ Gogulu Home <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=October 4, 2016|title=Google Home is smart, loud, and kind of cute|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13156676/google-home-assistant-speaker-photos-video-device-hands-on|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007204916/http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13156676/google-home-assistant-speaker-photos-video-device-hands-on|archivedate=October 7, 2016|accessdate=October 8, 2016|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> (mgbe e mesịrị na-aga nke ọma site Nest Audio ), na Gogulu Home Mini (mgbe e mesịrị na-aga nke ọma site Nest Mini, na Gogulu Home Max, Gogulu Home Hub (emesịa rebranded dị ka Nest Hub), na akwu Hub Max . * Nest Wifi (nke bụbu Gogulu Wifi), ihe ndị na-anya Wi-Fi ejikọrọ iji mee ka ọ dị mfe na ịgbatị mkpuchi Wi-Fi ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=October 4, 2016|title=The Google Wifi routers are little white pucks you can scatter throughout your house|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13157680/google-wifi-router-photos-hands-on|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007180430/http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13157680/google-wifi-router-photos-hands-on|archivedate=October 7, 2016|accessdate=October 8, 2016|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> === Ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ === Google Workspace (nke bụbu G Suite ruo Ọktoba 2020 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing Google Workspace, everything you need to get it done, in one location|url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/workspace/introducing-google-workspace/|accessdate=October 24, 2020|work=Google Cloud Blog}}</ref> ) bụ onyinye ịdenye aha kwa ọnwa maka ndị otu na azụmaahịa iji nweta mkpokọta ọrụ Google, gụnyere Gmail, Google Drive na Google Docs, Google Sheets na Google Slides, yana njikwa nhazi ndị ọzọ. ngwaọrụ, aha ngalaba pụrụ iche, yana nkwado 24/7. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Choose a Plan|url=https://gsuite.google.com/intl/en_ie/pricing.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212231639/https://gsuite.google.com/intl/en_ie/pricing.html|archivedate=December 12, 2016|accessdate=December 2, 2016|work=G Suite by Google Cloud}}</ref> == Ntinye ego AI na Africa == N'ọnwa Julaị 2025, Google na-etinye ego na AI, na mmemme nde $37 e mere iji mee ka mmepe ọgụgụ isi (AI) dị ngwa ngwa n'Africa, yana itinye ego site na nyocha obodo gaa na oru ngo na nlekota oru ugbo na ngbanwe nke teknụzụ na asụsụ Africa. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://afrique.le360.ma/afrique-australe/google-investit-37-millions-de-dollars-dans-le-developpement-de-lia-en-afrique_3AAIZ2DPL5HVJPMJ3BOAPUULBAs=Google na-etinye ego n'ime Afrịka | 360 Afrique |date=25 Julaị 2025| access-date=25 Julaị 2025}}</ref>. == Manazarta == <references responsive /> == Ihe ndetu == {{Notelist}} [[Òtù:Google]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jjrjikfsv6kdet8wq6meicw3umn7vc1 0 12169 727898 675090 2026-09-25T10:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judy Croome''' (amuru Judy-Ann Heinemann na 16 Disemba 1958) bu onye ode akwukwo South Africa, onye edemede nkenke, na onye na- ede uri, onye amuru na Zvishavane, Southern Rhodesia (ugbu a [[Zimbabwe]] ). O nwetara nzere Master of Arts (English) na Mahadum South Africa . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Croome|first=Judy-Ann|title=And The Sea Looked: A Novel in the Making|accessdate=2014-05-06|date=2009-08-25|url=http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/1585/dissertation.pdf.txt?sequence=2}}</ref> O bi ugbu a na Johannesburg . Croome lụrụ onye ọkà mmụta iwu ụtụ isi South Africa, Advocate of the High Court of South Africa na onye na-ede akwụkwọ ụtụ isi, onye nwụrụ anwụ Dr Beric John Croome, bụ onye nwụrụ na April 2019 mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa ogologo oge. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ebipụtala akụkọ dị mkpirikpi na uri Croome na ''The Huffington Post'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=The Weight of a Feather|work=Huffington Post|date=2013-07-16|accessdate=2014-05-06|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/judy-croome/}}</ref> Mahadum Witwatersrand 's School of Literature, Language and Media's ''Itch Magazine'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judy Croome|work=ITCH, a Journal of Creative Expression|accessdate=2014-05-06|url=http://www.itch.co.za/blog/Judy-Croome|archivedate=2014-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504205217/http://www.itch.co.za/blog/Judy-Croome}}</ref> na n'akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche nke ndị nta akụkọ wepụtara na United States <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=The Last Sacrifice|work=Elephants Press Bookshelf|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://www.elephantsbookshelfpress.com/authors/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Giraffes|work=The Vine Leaves Literary Journal|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://www.vineleavesliteraryjournal.com/uploads/9/8/1/2/9812757/vine_leaves_april_2012_for_web.pdf|archivedate=2014-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504222757/http://www.vineleavesliteraryjournal.com/uploads/9/8/1/2/9812757/vine_leaves_april_2012_for_web.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=The Gold Miner; Whispers of Love and Triptych of Poems|work=Variations on a Theme: Anthology; Notes from Underground Anthology|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://literarylab.blogspot.com/p/genre-wars.html}}</ref> na South Afirika <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Winter|work=This Woman Is ... Poetry Potion #10 from Black Letter Media|accessdate=2016-12-08|url=http://shop.blackletterm.com/product/poetry-potion-10-this-woman-is/|archivedate=2016-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082240/http://shop.blackletterm.com/product/poetry-potion-10-this-woman-is/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=The Beggar's Cry|work=Love & Compassion Poetry Potion #11 from Black Letter Media|accessdate=2017-07-27|url=http://www.poetrypotion.com/poetry-potion-print-quarterly-11-cover-reveal/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=The Other Side of Love|work=the Others Poetry Potion #12 from Black Letter Media|accessdate=2017-12-13|url=http://www.poetrypotion.com/poetry-potion-print-quarterly-12-cover-reveal/}}</ref> Croome pụtakwara na ihie onyo nyo mba ndi South Afirika na South Africa Broadcasting Corporation 's Channel 2 ''Morning Live'' show <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judy Croome talks about her book "The Weight of a Feather"|work=Morning Live Show, Channel 2, [[South African Broadcasting Corporation|South African Broadcasting Corporation Digital News]]|accessdate=2014-05-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIy4g3DGZM8}}</ref> na na ugegbe nti mba South Africa na ememme ''Sunday Literature'' SAFM. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judy Croome talks about her book "The Weight of a Feather"|work=Sunday Literature Show, SAFM Radio, [[South African Broadcasting Corporation|South African Broadcasting Corporation channel on iono.fm]]|accessdate=2014-06-02|url=http://iono.fm/e/85981?autoplay=1}}</ref> Croome nwekwara akụkọ e bipụtara na South Africa, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Facing the Future|work=Litnet Big Book Chain Chat 82|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://litnetstage.gloo.co.za/Article/big-book-chain-chat-82-facing-the-future|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140503041213/http://litnetstage.gloo.co.za/Article/big-book-chain-chat-82-facing-the-future|archivedate=2014-05-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Following the Writing Drum|work=BodySensing|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://bodysensing.wordpress.com/2013/02/22/following-the-writing-drum-by-judy-croome/}}</ref> gụnyere na ''Sunday Times'' (South Africa) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Head among the Clouds in the Italian Alps|work=Sunday Times Travel Weekly|date=2015-10-11|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/travel/2015/10/11/Readers-World-Head-in-the-clouds-in-the-Italian-Alps}}</ref> na mba ụwa site na dị iche iche no na eterneti akwụkwọ akụkọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Women Writers of Africa|work=For Books Sake (UK)|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://forbookssake.net/author/judycroome/|archivedate=2014-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504204914/http://forbookssake.net/author/judycroome/}}</ref> na webụsaịtị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=The Benefits of a Goodreads Ad|work=The Helpful Writer|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://thehelpfulwriter.com/goodreads-ads-benefits/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023051228/http://thehelpfulwriter.com/goodreads-ads-benefits/|archive-date=2014-10-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Holding a Successful Goodreads Giveaway|work=The Helpful Writer|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://thehelpfulwriter.com/successful-goodreads-giveaway/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023051110/http://thehelpfulwriter.com/successful-goodreads-giveaway/|archive-date=2014-10-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=12 Easy Steps to Making a Book Trailer|work=The Book Designer|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://www.thebookdesigner.com/2011/05/12-easy-steps-to-the-making-of-a-book-trailer/|archivedate=2014-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020160536/http://www.thebookdesigner.com/2011/05/12-easy-steps-to-the-making-of-a-book-trailer/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=8 Essential Tips for a Successful Book Reading Event|work=The Book Designer|accessdate=2014-06-02|url=http://www.thebookdesigner.com/2014/05/judy-croome/|archivedate=2014-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602043422/http://www.thebookdesigner.com/2014/05/judy-croome/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=A Wounded Name|work=The Literary Lab|accessdate=2014-08-19|url=http://literarylab.blogspot.com/2011/09/wounded-name-by-judy-croome.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Twitter Love|work=Story Quest|accessdate=2014-08-25|url=http://storyquestbooks.com/twitter-love/|archivedate=2014-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120539/http://storyquestbooks.com/twitter-love/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=Reflections on Being a Writer|work=The Beautiful Room|accessdate=2014-08-25|url=http://janeayres.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/reflections-on-being-writer-judy-croome.html}}</ref> Croome nwekwara mmasị na ihe ndị esoteric ma na-agụ tarot nwere ọgụgụ isi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Croome|first=Judy|title=What is Tarot?|work=Bryanston Wellness|accessdate=2022-01-15|url=http://www.https/|archivedate=2013-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819141428/http://https/}}</ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == * ''Uzuzu olile anya'' (abụ, Aztar Press, 2021) * ''Wepu site na Drop'' (abụ, Aztar Press, 2020) * ''Ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi n'okporo ámá: Ntuziaka bara uru maka ikike gị na South Africa'' (abụghị akụkọ ifo, Juta Law, 2017) ya na di ya bụ Dr Beric John Croome dere akwụkwọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://juta.co.za/products/street-smart-taxpayers/|title=Street Smart Taxpayers|publisher=Juta Law|date=2017|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref> * ''onye ọbịbịa na mba dị iche'' (abụ, Aztar Press, 2015) * ''Ibu nke nku na akụkọ ndị ọzọ'' (akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, Aztar Press, 2013) * ''oriọna n'ehihie'' (abụ, Aztar Press, 2012) * ''Ịgba egwu na onyinyo ịhụnanya'' (akụkọ ifo, Aztar Press, 2018, mbipụta nke atọ; 2012; 2011) == Ihe nrite na ihe ngosi == Na 2021, Croome nyere ogbako uri "Onyinye nke uri" nye ndi edemede 2000 (South Africa). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judy Croome speaks poetry with Writers 2000|url=https://bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za/480210/judy-croome-speaks-poetry-with-writers-2000/|accessdate=2021-10-31}}</ref> Na 2021 na 2016, Croome bụ onye ọka ikpe mpụga nke ngalaba uri na Writers2000 (South Africa) (1985) asọmpi ide kwa afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Poetry judge impressed by the standard of writers 2000 poems|url=http://bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za/294299/poetry-judge-impressed-by-the-standard-of-writers-2000-poems/|date=2016-08-23|accessdate=2016-08-24}}</ref> Na 2011, Croome's “Ebe Nduru” ka edepụtara aha maka ihe nrite ide akụkọ ifo Afrịka. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Results - Flash Fiction Competition, 2011|url=http://www.african-writing.com/eleven/flashfiction1.htm|work=African Writing Online; Many Literatures, One Voice|accessdate=2014-05-06|archivedate=2014-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819230019/http://www.african-writing.com/eleven/flashfiction1.htm}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * Official website * {{Cite web|author=van Eeden|first=Janet|title=Author of Dancing in the Shadows of Love, Judy Croome, in conversation with Janet van Eeden|work=LitNet|accessdate=2014-05-06|url=http://www.litnet.co.za/Article/author-of-idancing-in-the-shadows-of-lovei-james-kilgore-in-conversation-with-janet-van-ee}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] b51z9x8tfc74cv3w0llgt27l3oi59uh 0 12229 727651 705981 2026-09-24T15:36:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nnoseng Ellen Kate Kuzwayo''' (29 June 1914 &#x2013; 19 Eprel 2006) bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[South Africa]], bụrụkwa onye nkuzi site n'afọ 1938 ruo 1952. Ọ bụụrụ onye isi otu National Congress Youth League na 1960. N'afọ 1994, a họpụtara ya ịbụ nzuko omeiwu South Africa nke mbụ mgbe apartheid gasịrị. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Kpọọ M Nwanyị'' (1985), meriri CNA Literary Award . == Afọ mbụ == === Nzụlite ezinụlọ === Amụrụ Nnoseng Ellen Serasengwe, <ref name="NYT"/> Kuzwayo sitere na ezinaụlọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nna nna ya, Jeremaiah Makgothi, bụ nne ya si na Orange Free State kpọga na Cape ka ọ gaa ụlọ ọrụ Lovedale, ihe dịka nke afọ 1875. Ọ ruru eru dị ka onye nkuzi ma rụọkwa ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu n'ụlọikpe na onye nkwusa Methodist . Makgothi bụ nanị onye nkịtị so Robert Moffat rụkọọ ọrụ na nsụgharị nke [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible]] gaa na Setswana . Ma Makgothi na nna Kuzwayo, Philip S. Mefare, nọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Makgothi bụ odeakwụkwọ ngalaba Orange Free State nke South African Native National Congress, Mefare bụ onye nọchiri ya, African National Congress . === Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ya === Kuzwayo malitere akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Makgothi wuru n'ugbo ya na Thabapatchoa, ihe dị ka kilomita iri na abụọ site na Tweespruit, Orange Free State. Ọ gara Adams College, Amanzimtoti, <ref name="rappoport">{{Cite book|author=Rappaport|first=Helen|title=Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0002rapp|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.]|isbn=1576071014}}</ref> wee malite nkuzi nkuzi na Lovedale College na Fort Hare, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na afọ 22 wee malite ọrụ nkuzi. <ref name="SAHO">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nnoseng-ellen-kate-khuzwayo "Nnoseng Ellen Kate Khuzwayo"], South African History Online.</ref> Ọ lụrụ Ernest Moloto mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, di na nwunye ahụ nwekwara ụmụ nwoke abụọ, ma alụmdi na nwunye ahụ enweghị obi ụtọ, na mgbe di ya mejọsịrị ọ gbagara Johannesburg . <ref name="SAHO" /> O nwere akụkụ dị ka eze nwanyị shebeen, n'akụkụ Sidney Poitier na ihe nkiri 1951 ''Cry, Obodo a hụrụ n'anya'' . <ref name="Guardian"/> Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya gbasasịrị, ọ lụrụ Godfrey Kuzwayo n'afọ 1950. <ref name="Independent">[[Randolph Vigne]], [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ellen-kuzwayo-6102817.html "Ellen Kuzwayo: Campaigner for African women"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 24 April 2006.</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi na Transvaal ruo afọ 1952, na-ahapụ nkuzi na ntinye nke Bantu Education Act, 1953, bụ nke belata ohere maka agụmakwụkwọ nwa ojii. <ref name="Guardian" /> Ọ zụrụ azụ dịka onye ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ (1953-55). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuzwayo|first=Ellen|url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/kuzwayo_nek.html|title=Nnoseng Ellen Kate Kuzwayo|publisher=African National Congress|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714115606/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/kuzwayo_nek.html|archivedate=14 July 2007}}</ref> N'afọ 1940s, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke otu ndị ntorobịa ANC . <ref name="Guardian"/> Mgbe ọgba aghara nke 1976 Soweto gasịrị, ọ bụ naanị nwanyị na kọmitii 10 hibere ịhazi ihe gbasara obodo na Soweto, na ihe omume ya butere njide ya ọnwa ise na 1977-78 n'okpuru Iwu Mgbochi nke Iyi ọha egwu. <ref name="EB">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ellen-Kuzwayo "Ellen Kuzwayo"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Ọ ga-akọ akụkọ ejidere ya n'ịgba akaebe 1996 ya na Commission Truth and Reconciliation Commission . <ref name="NYT"/> Ihe omume obodo ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere ije ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Black Consumer Union nke South Africa na Maggie Magaba Trust. <ref name="AuntLute">[https://www.auntlute.com/ellen-kuzwayo "Ellen Kuzwayo"], Aunt Lute.</ref> Na mbipụta 1985 nke akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Call Me Woman'', bụ nke ọ kọwara na di ya na-eti ya ihe, Kuzwayo ghọrọ onye edemede ojii mbụ nwetara ihe nrite akwụkwọ edemede South Africa, Award CNA . <ref name="Guardian">Shola Adenekan, [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/apr/24/guardianobituaries.gender "Ellen Kuzwayo"] (obituary), ''[[The Guardian]]'', 24 April 2006.</ref> Ka [[Nelson Mandela|ewechara Nelson Mandela]] dị ka onye isi ala South Africa n'afọ 1994, Kuzwayo ghọrọ onye otu nzuko omeiwu izizi nke ọtụtụ agbụrụ nke mba ahụ, ọ dị afọ 79, ma jee ozi afọ ise <ref name="NYT">Donald G. McNeil Jr, [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/22/world/africa/22kuzwayo.html "Ellen Kuzwayo, Anti-Apartheid Crusader, Dies at 91"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 22 April 2006.</ref> ruo June 1999, mgbe ọ bụ onye omeiwu South Africa kacha ogologo oge. <ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2006-04-19-struggle-veteran-dies-in-soweto "Struggle veteran dies in Soweto"], ''Mail & Guardian'', Johannesburg, South Africa, 19 April 2006.</ref> Ya na onye isi Betty Wolpert, Kuzwayo tinyere aka n'ime ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Teta site na iru uju'' (1982) na ''Tsiamelo -- A Place of Goodness'' (1983), <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171213212222/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b77d9788a "Tsiamelo - A Place of Goodness (1984)"] at BFI.</ref> <ref>Adeola James, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=95y1BBHDsYMC&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=%22ellen+kuzwayo%22+%22awake+from+mourning%22&source=bl&ots=kpuS2W7nZF&sig=YaCYfSMMSyd1OD9h7OOaUwHM1ag&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVteLj-obYAhXICcAKHWi8AcUQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=%22ellen%20kuzwayo%22%20%22awake%20from%20mourning%22&f=false "Ellen Kuzwayo"], ''In Their Own Voices: African Women Writers Talk''], James Currey/Heinemann, 1990, p. 52.</ref> <ref name="Independent"/> nke dọtara na akụkọ banyere ịchụpụ ya. ala ugbo ezinulo. <ref name="Guardian"/> Kuzwayo nwụrụ na Johannesburg, ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na otu, nke nsogbu sitere na ọrịa shuga, <ref name="NYT"/> <ref name="Guardian"/> nke ụmụ ya nwoke, Bobo na Justice Moloto, ụmụ ụmụ na ụmụ ụmụ nwụrụ. <ref name="SAHO"/> == Ihe nrite na nnabata == N'afọ 1979 Ellen Kuzwayo bụ nwanyị nke afọ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Johannesburg ''The Star'', a họpụtara ya ọzọ n'afọ 1984. <ref name="AuntLute"/> N'afọ 1987, e nyere ya nzere doctorate nke Iwu sitere na Mahadum Witwatersrand, <ref>[https://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/distinguished-graduates/honorary-degrees/ "Honorary Degrees"], University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.</ref> nwanyị ojii mbụ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ na mahadum. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190728155845/https://www.rnews.co.za/article/some-want-rhodes-university-renamed-to-ellen-kuzwayo-university "Some want Rhodes University renamed to Ellen Kuzwayo University"], ''RNews'', 27 August 2015.</ref> Ọ nyekwara nzere nzere bachelọ nke Mahadum Natal na Mahadum Port Elizabeth. <ref name="SAHO"/> <ref>Venetia N. Dlomo, [https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10413/10371/Dlomo_Venetia_N_2003.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "A comparative analysis of selected works of Bessie Head and Ellen Kuzwayo with the aim of ascertaining if there is a Black South African feminist perspective"] (thesis), University of Durban, Westville, 2002.</ref> Nelson Mandela nyere ya Order of Meritorious Service n'afọ 1999. <ref name="EB"/> Akpọrọ ụgbọ mmiri nyocha mmiri South Africa aha ya n'afọ 2007. <ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-20-new-sa-marineresearch-vessel-sets-sail "New SA marine-research vessel sets sail"], ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'', 20 September 2007.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210917063406/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/investments-immigration/science-technology/marine-210907 "SA launches new research vessel"], Brand South Africa, 21 September 2007.</ref> == Ọrụ ya == * ''Kpọọ m Nwanyị'' . London: Ụmụ nwanyị Press (1985). , akwụkwọ nwanne mama Lute e bigharịrị, 1992 * ''Nọdụ ala ma gee ntị: Akụkọ sitere na South Africa'', London: Ụmụ nwanyị Press, 1990. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0704342309|978-0704342309]] == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311161056/http://www.joburg.org.za/2004/dec/dec7_ellen.stm "Ihe ịrịba ama ọzọ maka Ellen Kuzwayo"], Weebụsaịtị Obodo Johannesburg, 7 Disemba 2004. * [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j8d4boa2wl2beu4mitmveoq0zpd1tda 0 12499 727888 721918 2026-09-25T09:46:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Johnnetta Betsch Cole''' (amụrụ Ọktoba 19, 1936) bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ, onye nkuzi, onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, na onye isi kọleji. Cole bụ nwanyị mbụ onye isi [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ala America-Afrika]] nke Spelman College, kọleji ojii na akụkọ ihe mere eme, jere ozi site na 1987 ruo 1997. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke kọleji Bennett site na 2002 ruo 2007. N'ime 2009–2017 ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke National Art nke Smithsonian Institution . <ref>Trescott, Jacqueline (February 10, 2009). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/09/AR2009020902446.html "Johnnetta Cole Named New Director of the National Museum of African Art"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''; accessed October 5, 2011.</ref> == Ndabere == A mụrụ Johnnetta Betsch na Jacksonville, Florida, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johnnetta-Cole|title=Johnnetta Cole {{!}} Biography & Facts|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-02}}</ref> na Ọktoba 19, 1936. Ezinụlọ ya so na klas elu nke Africa-America ; Ọ bụ nwa nwa Abraham Lincoln Lewis, onye isi ojii mbụ Florida, onye ọchụnta ego na onye rụpụtara Afro-American Industrial and Benefit Association, <ref name="ColeInterview">{{Cite journal|author=Yelvington|first=Kevin|title=An Interview with Johnnetta Betsch Cole|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-anthropology_2003-04_44_2/page/275|journal=Current Anthropology|date=2003|volume=44|issue=2|pages=275–288|doi=10.1086/367970}}</ref> na Mary Kingsley Sammis. Nne na nna nna Sammis bụ Zephaniah Kingsley, onye na-azụ ahịa ohu na onye nwe ohu, onye zụrụ ohu Africa Anna Madgigine Jai na 1806, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ ọ dị afọ iri anọ na atọ. N'ime afọ 5, onye na-edina n'ike n'ike tụbara ya ime ugboro atọ wee mụọ ụmụ ya, George, mụrụ June 1807; Martha, a mụrụ Julaị 1809; na Mary, a mụrụ February 1811. Mgbe Zefanaya dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ tọhapụrụ Ana, ya onwe ya wee ghọọ ohu, soro onye bụbu ohu ya na-arụkọ ọrụ. Onye bụbu ada eze Wolof bụ onye sitere [[Senegal]] ugbu a, echekwara ụlọ ya Fort George Island dị ka Kingsley Plantation, National Historic Landmark . <ref>Jackson, Antoinette; Burns, Allan (January 2006). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080920062853/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/timu/timu_ethno.pdf Ethnohistorical Study of the Kingsley Plantation Community]'', [[National Park Service]], p. 24.</ref> Cole debanyere aha mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ịse na Mahadum Fisk, kọleji ojii nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ gafere na Oberlin College na Ohio, ebe ọ gụchara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na sociology n'afọ 1957. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Northwwest, na-enweta Master of Arts (1959) na Dọkịta nke Nkà Ihe Ọmụma (1967) na nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ . O mere nyocha ihe omumu ya na [[Liberia]], West Africa, n'afọ 1960-1961 site na Northwwest University dị ka akụkụ nke nyocha akụ na ụba ha na mba ahụ. <ref name="ColeInterview"/> == Nkuzi == Cole jere ozi dị ka onye prọfesọ na Mahadum steeti Washington site n'afọ 1962 ruo 1970, ebe ọ kpalitere otu mmemme mmụta ojii mbụ nke US. N'afọ 1970 Cole malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Anthropology na Mahadum Massachusetts Amherst, ebe ọ jere ozi ruo 1982. Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Massachusetts, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe nke WEB Du Bois Department of African-American Studies. Cole kwagara Hunter College n'afọ 1982 ma bụrụ onye isi na mmemme ọmụmụ Latin America na Caribbean. Site n'afọ 998 ruo 2001 Cole bụ prọfesọ nke Anthropology, Women's Studies, na African American Studies na Mahadum Emory dị na Atlanta. <ref name="ColeInterview"/> == Nchịkwa == N'afọ 1987, a họpụtara Cole ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ojii mbụ nke Spelman College, kọleji ojii na-ewu ewu maka ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ jere ozi ruo 1997, na-ewulite onyinye ha site na mgbasa ozi isi nde $113, na-adọta ndebanye aha dị elu ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-abawanye, na, n'ozuzu, ogo ụlọ akwụkwọ n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà na-emesapụ aka kacha mma gbagoro. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spelman.edu/about-us/office-of-the-president/past-presidents/johnnetta-cole|title=About Johnnetta B. Cole, Ph.D.|accessdate=March 17, 2018|archivedate=May 11, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511234152/https://www.spelman.edu/about-us/office-of-the-president/past-presidents/johnnetta-cole}}</ref> Onye ọchị ọchị Bill Cosby na nwunye ya Camille nyere $20 nde na mkpọsa isi obodo. <ref name="post">Jacqueline Trescott, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/09/AR2009020902446.html "Johnnetta Cole Named New Director of the National Museum of African Art"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', February 10, 2009.</ref> Mgbe ọ kụzichara ihe na Mahadum Emory, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke Bennett College for Women, bụkwa ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji maka ụmụ nwanyị akụkọ ihe mere eme. N'ebe ahụ, o duuru mkpọsa isi obodo ọzọ na-aga nke ọma. Na mgbakwunye, o hiwere ụlọ ngosi nka iji tinye aka na omenala kọleji. <ref name="post"/> Cole bụ ugbu a oche oche nke Johnnetta B. Cole Global Diversity & Inclusion Institute tọrọ ntọala na Bennett College for Women . Ọ bụ onye otu Delta Sigma Theta sorority. Ọ bụ onye ntụzịaka nke National Museum of African Art, akụkụ nke Smithsonian Institution na Washington, DC, n'oge 2009–2017. <ref name="post"/> N'oge ọ na-eduzi ihe ngosi arụmụka, "Mkparịta ụka: African na African-American Artworks in Dialogue," nke gosipụtara ọtụtụ mpempe akwụkwọ na mkpokọta nka nke Bill na Camille Cosby n'afọ 2015, dabara na ebubo nke mwakpo mmekọahụ megide onye na-agụ ọchị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/at-80-johnnetta-cole-reflects-on-her-career-and-the-controversial-cosby-exhibit/2016/10/27/e736a33a-9ae0-11e6-b3c9-f662adaa0048_story.html|title=At 80, Johnnetta Cole reflects on her career and the controversial Cosby exhibition|author=McGlone|first=Peggy|accessdate=March 17, 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya == Cole ejekwa ozi na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na ntọala. Cole jere ozi ruo ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye isi oche na Rockefeller Foundation a ma ama. Ọ bụla onye isi Merck &amp;amp; Co. kemgbe 1994. Site na 2004 ruo 2006, Cole bụ onye isi oche nke Board of Trustees of United Way of America <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110308010003/http://conferences.unitedway.org/wls_2011/biographies/johnnetta_cole "Dr. Johnnetta Cole"]. ''[[United Way of America]]''; accessed October 07, 2011.</ref> ma nọkwa na Board of Directors of the United Way of Greater Greensboro. Kemgbe afọ 2013, edepụtara Cole na Council Advisory nke National Center for Science Education . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council|title=Advisory Council|work=ncse.com|publisher=[[National Center for Science Education]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810112828/https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council|archivedate=2013-08-10|accessdate=2018-10-30|date=2008-07-15}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu The Links . <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Graham|first=Lawrence Otis|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/877899803|title=Our kind of people|date=2014|publisher=HarperCollins e-Books|isbn=978-0-06-187081-1|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=877899803}}</ref> : 105  == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Onye isi ala-ahọpụtara Bill Clinton họpụtara Cole n'òtù mgbanwe ya maka agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, nka, na mmadụ n'afọ 1992. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.makers.com/johnnetta-cole|title=Johnnetta Cole|author=MAKERS|work=MAKERS}}</ref> Ọ tụlekwara ya maka ọkwa ọkwa odeakwụkwọ nke agụmakwụkwọ . <ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1106653 President of Spelman College, Johnnetta Cole], Fresh Air program, 1993.</ref> Otú ọ dị, mgbe ''akwụkwọ akụkọ The Jewish Daily Forward'' kọrọ na ọ bụbu onye so na kọmitii mba nke Venceremos Brigades, nke Federal Bureau of Investigation jikọtara ya na ndị agha ọgụgụ isi Cuban, Clinton emeghị ka nhọpụta ya pụta. <ref>Susan Chira. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/10/weekinreview/conversations-johnnetta-b-cole-scholar-s-convictions-keep-her-pushing-power.html Conversations/Johnnetta B. Cole; A Scholar's Convictions Keep Her Pushing the Power of Words], ''New York Times'', January 10, 1993.</ref> == Ihe nketa na nsọpụrụ ya == * N'afọ 2018 enwetara ya Legend in Leadership Award for Higher Education site na Yale Chief Executive Leadership Institute <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://som.yale.edu/news/2018/01/chief-executive-leadership-institute-honors-johnnetta-b-cole-of-the-smithsonian-national-museum-of-african-art|title=Chief Executive Leadership Institute Honors Johnnetta B. Cole of the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art|date=2018-01-30|accessdate=March 17, 2018}}</ref> * [http://www.aam-us.org/about-us/media-room/2017/american-alliance-of-museums-honors-dr-johnnetta-cole-with-2017-award-for-distinguished-service-to-museums American Alliance of Museums na-asọpụrụ Dr. Johnnetta Cole na 2017 Award for Distinguished Service to Museums] * Na 2013, Cole nwetara akara kachasị elu nke International Civil Rights Center &amp;amp; Museum, Alston-Jones International Civil and Human Rights Award. <ref name="gala2013">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wschronicle.com/2013/02/sit-in-museum-to-present-awards/|title=Sit-in museum to present awards|date=February 1, 2013|work=The Winston-Salem Chronicle|accessdate=April 11, 2013|archive-date=April 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408192846/http://www.wschronicle.com/2013/02/sit-in-museum-to-present-awards/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Cole anatala ihe karịrị ogo nsọpụrụ 40, gụnyere ndị sitere na kọleji Williams na kọleji Bates na 1989, kọleji Oberlin na 1995, kọleji Mount Holyoke na 1998, Mahadum Mills na 1999, Mahadum Howard na North Carolina A&amp;amp;T State University na 2009, na Gettysburg College . n'afọ 2017. * Ọ natara nkwanye ugwu na Phi Beta Kappa site na Yale na 1996, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fisk.edu/campus-life/phi-beta-kappa-delta-chapter|title=Phi Beta Kappa-Delta Chapter {{!}} Fisk University|work=www.fisk.edu|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107100320/https://www.fisk.edu/campus-life/phi-beta-kappa-delta-chapter|archivedate=2017-01-07}}</ref> wee jee ozi dị ka onye omebe iwu Phi Beta Kappa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbk.org/web/pbkdocs/Triennial_Council/39thCouncilBulletin.pdf|title=Bulletin|work=pbk.org|accessdate=2017-01-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310220915/https://www.pbk.org/web/pbkdocs/Triennial_Council/39thCouncilBulletin.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-10}}</ref> * Na 1995, Cole nwetara ihe nrite Golden Plate Award nke American Academy of Achievement nke onye otu Awards Council na Morehouse College President Walter E. Massey gosipụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> * Ọ natara onyinye nturu ugo Candace site na National Coalition of 100 Black Women na 1988. <ref name="page2">{{Cite web|work=National Coalition of 100 Black Women|title=CANDACE AWARD RECIPIENTS 1982-1990, Page 2|url=http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award2.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314212510/http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award2.html|archivedate=March 14, 2003}}</ref> == Ihe ndị ọkwụrụ == == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180317233138/https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/166127 2002 Olu sitere na oghere] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/at-80-johnnetta-cole-reflects-on-her-career-and-the-controversial-cosby-exhibit/2016/10/27/e736a33a-9ae0-11e6-b3c9-f662adaa0048_story.html Na 80, Johnnetta Cole na-atụgharị uche na ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi Cosby na-ese okwu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606232414/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/press/releases/speech/drcole.shtml 1998 mmalite okwu, Ugwu Holyoke College] * [http://new.oberlin.edu/events-activities/commencement/krislov-speech-2009address.dot 2009 State-nke-College Adreesị, Oberlin College] * [https://www.makers.com/profiles/591f2765bea17771623a7f4a Johnnetta Cole: Ọkà mmụta Groundbreaking & Onye isi oche kọleji] . Vidio mepụtara site ''Makers: Women Who Make America'' * Appearances [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qm1zljk5ltkc2nbta7y3yqjduehfnuo 0 12582 727867 721862 2026-09-25T08:04:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 12 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Infobox person | name = Jessica Alba | image = Jessica Marie Alba, TechCrunch Disrupt NY 2016 - Day 3 (cropped).jpg | caption = Alba in May 2016 | birth_name = Jessica Marie Alba | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|4|28}} | birth_place = [[Pomona, California]], U.S. | occupation = * Actress * businesswoman | years_active = 1992–present | spouse = {{marriage|Cash Warren|2008}} | children = 3 }} '''Jessica Marie Alba''' / / ˈælbə / AL -bə ; amuru Eprel 28, 1981) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2021/04/28/UPI-Almanac-for-Wednesday-April-28-2021/4291619449969/|title=UPI Almanac for Wednesday, April 28, 2021|date=April 28, 2021|accessdate=May 24, 2021|publisher=[[United Press International]]|quote=... actor Jessica Alba in 1981 (age 40)...}}</ref> bu nwanyị America na-eme ihe nkiri na nwanyị na-azu ahịa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How Jessica Alba Built A $1 Billion Company, And $200 Million Fortune, Selling Parents Peace Of Mind|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2015/05/27/how-jessica-alba-built-a-1-billion-company-and-200-million-fortune-selling-parents-peace-of-mind/|accessdate=June 15, 2015|first=Clare|author=O'Connor}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Alba Opens Up On Being A Successful Businesswoman|url=http://www.latintimes.com/jessica-alba-being-successful-businesswoman-people-pretty-much-expected-nothing-me-318367|accessdate=June 15, 2015|date=May 22, 2015|author=Roiz|first=Jessica Lucia|publisher=Latin Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Most Powerful Women Entrepreneurs|url=http://fortune.com/2012/09/27/10-most-powerful-women-entrepreneurs/|accessdate=June 15, 2015|date=September 27, 2012|publisher=Fortune|first=Colleen|author=Leahey}}</ref> Ọ malitere ihe ngosi telivishọn ya nakwa mputa ihe nkiri mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ na ''Camp Nowhere'' na ''World Secret of Alex Mack'' (1994), wee bụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn ''Dark Angel'' (2000-2002), nke o mere nke wetara ya nhọpụta Golden Globe. <ref name="cbs"/> <ref name="peoplebio"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/jessica-alba|title=Jessica Alba|work=www.goldenglobes.com|language=en|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> Nnukwu ihe ngosi ihuenyo ya bịara n'ihe ngosi a kpọrọ ''Honey'' (2003). N'oge na-adịghị anya, o guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Hollywood, ma sonyekwa n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi, nke gụnyere ''Fantastic Four'' (2005), ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'' (2007), ''Good Luck Chuck'' (2007), ''Anya'' (2007). 2008), ''Ụbọchị Valentine'' (2010), ''Little Fockers'' (2010), na ''Mechanic: Mbilite n'ọnwụ'' (2016). <ref name="theage">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/film/look-at-me/2007/06/21/1182019240554.html|title=Look at me|accessdate=April 24, 2008|work=The Age|date=June 22, 2007}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-emekọ ihe ọnụ ugboro ugboro nke onye nduzi Robert Rodriguez, ma na-esonye na ''Sin City'' (2005), ''Machete'' (2010), ''Spy Kids: All Time in the World'' (2011), ''Machete Kills'' (2013), na ''Sin City: A Dame to Kill For'' (2014). Site na 2019 ruo 2020, Alba sonyere n'usoro ihe nkiri mpụ nke Spectrum a kpọrọ ''LA's Finest'' . Na 2011, Alba soro wee give ụlọọrụ The Honest Company, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-azụ ahịa na-ere ihe nwa, nke onwe na ngwaahịa ụlọ. <ref name="People">{{Cite web|url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2012/01/19/jessica-alba-launches-the-honest-company/|title=Jessica Alba Launches The Honest Company|date=January 19, 2012|accessdate=March 20, 2012|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321125950/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2012/01/19/jessica-alba-launches-the-honest-company/|archivedate=March 21, 2012}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ gụnyere ''Men's Health'', ''Vanity Fair'' na ''FHM'' etinyela ya na ndepụta ha nke ụmụ nwanyị mara mma n'ụwa. == Mbido Ndụ == A mụrụ Jessica Marie Alba na Pomona, California <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Alba Biography|work=Biography.com ([[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]])|accessdate=May 24, 2021|url=https://www.biography.com/actor/jessica-alba}}</ref> na Eprel 28, 1981, ọ bu ada Catherine Louisa ( ''née'' Jensen) na Mark David Alba. Nne ya nwere ndabere mkpọrọgwụ Danish, Welsh, German, English na French, ebe nne na nna nna ya, bụ ndị a mụrụ na California, bụ ụmụ abụọ nke ndị si Mexico kwabata. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hollywood Now: New Fall Previews – InterfaithFamily|url=http://www.interfaithfamily.com/arts_and_entertainment/popular_culture/Hollywood_Now_New_Fall_Previews.shtml|work=www.interfaithfamily.com|accessdate=June 15, 2015|date=August 29, 2014|author=Miller|first=Gerri}}</ref> O nwere nwanne nwoke nke nta, Jọshụa. Nwa nwanne nna ya nke atọ, ewepụburu, bụ onye edemede Gustavo Arellano . <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 18, 2010|title=Gustavo Arellano Related to Jessica Alba!|url=http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2010/01/gustavo_related_to_jessica_alb.php|work=[[OC Weekly]]|accessdate=August 21, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229180853/http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2010/01/gustavo_related_to_jessica_alb.php|archivedate=December 29, 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ nna ya na Air Force were ezinụlọ gaa Biloxi, Mississippi, na Del Rio, Texas, tupu ya ebighachi na Claremont, California, mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu. <ref name="peoplebio"/> <ref name="indalba">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/film-and-tv/features/jessica-alba-she-wooed-hollywood-with-her-sultry-looks-ndash-but-now-shes-getting-serious-812464.html|title=Jessica Alba: She wooed Hollywood with her sultry looks – but now she's getting serious|author=Mottram|first=James|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=The Independent|date=April 21, 2008|archive-date=April 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421225750/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/film-and-tv/features/jessica-alba-she-wooed-hollywood-with-her-sultry-looks-ndash-but-now-shes-getting-serious-812464.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alba akọwaala ezi na ụlọ ya dị ka "ezinaụlọ na+akwado ihe ka ọ si wee dị - ezinụlọ omenala, ezinụlọ Katọlik, na ezinụlọ Latin America" na onwe ya dị ka onye na-emesapụ aka; o kwuru na ya akọwapụtala onwe ya dị ka " nwaanyị " mgbe ọ dị afọ ise. <ref name="elle-changeling">{{Cite web|work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|url=http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/The-Changeling2/Jessica-Alba2|accessdate=June 23, 2009|title=The Changeling|first=Maggie|author=Bullock}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ọrịa anụ ahụ́ ka e ji mara Alba mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ riara ọrịa oyi ugboro anọ ma ọ bụ ise n'afọ ma na -adaba nke akpa ume ugboro abụọ nakwa appendix na cyst tonsillar gbawara agbawa . <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography|title=Jessica Alba: Biography|accessdate=April 24, 2008|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|publisher=Time Inc}}</ref> Ọ na-enwekwa asthma kemgbe ọ bụ nwata. <ref name="peoplebio" /> Alba nọpụrụ iche n'ebe ụmụaka ndị ọzọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nọ n'ihi na ọ na-anọkarị n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'ọrịa ya nke na ọ dịghị onye maara ya nke ọma nke mere ka ya na ya bụrụ enyi. <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[OK!]]|pages=34–39|date=October 3, 2005|title=OK!}}</ref> O kwuwo na nkwapu na nkwa ga ezinụlọ ya na-agakarị sokwa mee ka e kewapunya n'ebe ndị ọgbọ ya nọ. <ref name="elle-changeling"/> Alba gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Claremont High School mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii <ref>[http://www.contactmusic.com/info/jessica_alba "Jessica Alba – Contactmusic.com"]. ''contactmusic.com''. Retrieved August 1, 2010.</ref> wee gaa n'ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Atlantic . <ref name="peoplealba">{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba|title=Jessica Alba|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ ime ihe == === 1992–1999: Mmalite === [[Usòrò:Jessica_Alba_Cropped2.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Alba na 2007]] Alba gosipụtara mmasị ime ihe site na afọ ise. Na 1992, Alba onye dị afọ iri na otu rịọrọ nne ya ka ọ kpọga ya na asọmpi ime egwuregwu na Beverly Hills, ebe nnukwu ihe nrite bụ klas ime ihe n'efu. Alba nwetara nnukwu ihe nrite, ma were nkuzi izizi mbụ ya. Otu onye ọrụ were Alba n'ọrụ ka ọnwa itoolu gachara. <ref name="peoplebio"/> <ref name="peoplealba"/> Ngosipụta mbụ ya na ihe nkiri bụ obere ọrụ na njirimara 1994 ''Camp Nowhere'' dị ka Gail. Egoro ya na mbụ maka izu abụọ mana ọrụ ya ghọrọ ọrụ ọnwa abụọ mgbe otu onye n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ama ama kwụsịrị. <ref name="cbs"/> Alba pụtara na mgbasa ozi telivishọn abụọ maka Nintendo na JC Penney mgbe ọ bụ nwata. E mechara gosi ya n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri nọọrọ onwe ya . Ọ batara na telivishọn na 1994 na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro dị ka Jessica efu na akụkụ atọ nke usoro ihe nkiri Nickelodeon ''The Secret World of Alex Mack'' . <ref name="peoplebio"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke Maya na oge abụọ nke mmalite nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn emere n'afọ 1995 a kpọrọ ''Flipper'' . <ref name="cbs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/28/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main683508.shtml|title=Jessica Alba Goes To 'Sin City'|accessdate=April 24, 2008|work=[[CBS]]|date=March 28, 2005}}</ref> <ref name="peoplebio" /> N'okpuru nduzi nke nne na-akuziri ya etu esị egwu mmiri, Alba mụtara igwu mmiri tupu ya enwee ike ịga ije, ọ bụkwa onye na-egwu mmiri, o nwekwara nzere nke PADI, nkà ndị a na-eji eme ihe na ihe ngosi, nke a na-ese na Australia. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="daily">{{Cite web|url=http://iworks.factiva.com/du/iworksarticledisplay.aspx?napc=v&acc=DAISTA0020051018e1ag0008j|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219185343/http://iworks.factiva.com/du/iworksarticledisplay.aspx?napc=v&acc=DAISTA0020051018e1ag0008j|archivedate=December 19, 2008|title=Water babe Jess in big screen splash|format=paid registration required|accessdate=April 24, 2008|work=Daily Star|date=October 16, 2005}}</ref> Na 1998, ọ pụtara dị ka Melissa Hauer na ihe omume nke mbụ nke ihe nkiri mpụ nke Steven Bochco a kpọrọ ''Brooklyn South'', dị ka Leanne na akụkụ abụọ nke ''Beverly Hills, 90210'', na dị ka Layla na ihe omume nke ''Love Boat: The Next Wave'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Love Boat: The Next Wave Episodes on UPN|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/love-boat-the-next-wave-1998/episode-2-season-1/remember/202782|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=August 7, 2013|archive-date=September 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903182748/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/love-boat-the-next-wave-1998/episode-2-season-1/remember/202782|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 1999, ọ pụtara n'ihe nkiri mkpa ọchị nke Randy Quaid a kpọrọ ''PUNKS'' . <ref name="cbs"/> Mgbe Alba gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ mụtara ime ihe ya na William H. Macy na nwunye ya, Felicity Huffman, n'ulọ ihe nkiri Atlantic, bụ nke Macy na onye nrite nke Pulitzer Prize mepụtara - onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye nduzi ihe nkiri, David Mamet . <ref name="peoplealba"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Featured alumni|url=https://atlanticactingschool.org/alumni/|work=atlanticactingschool.org|accessdate=June 15, 2015}}</ref> Alba ghọrọ onye a ma ama na Hollywood na 1999 mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye so n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-ata onye editọ na-enweghị nchebe ahụhụ n'ihe nkiri ịhụnanya ''Never Been Kissed'', na-emegide Drew Barrymore, yana dịka onye isi nwanyị na ihe nkiri egwu egwu a na-ahughi anya nke oma Idl''e Hands, ya na'' Devon Sawa . <ref name="theage"/> === 2000–2006: Nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ === Nnukwu ihe itunanya ya bịara mgbe James Cameron họọrọ Alba site na nnọkọ ihe karịrị otu puku ndị na-aga ka e wee ha n'ime ihe nkiri nke onye agha akwadoro nke oma, Max Guevara, na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn FOX a kpọrọ ''Dark Angel'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Snierson|first=Dan|title=ARTICLE James Cameron's ''Dark Angel'' premieres tonight|url=https://ew.com/article/2000/10/03/james-camerons-dark-angel-premieres-tonight/|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 24, 2017}}</ref> Usoro bu ihe emepụtara maka oge abụọ ruo 2002, o wee nwetara Alba nhọpụta nkwanye ùgwù nke Golden Globe, Teen Choice Award for Choice Actress, na Saturn Award for Best Actress . <ref name="theage"/> <ref name="seattletimes">{{Cite web|author=Lawson|first=Terry|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2001805635_jessicaalba03.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605041855/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2001805635_jessicaalba03.html|archivedate=June 5, 2008|title=Look at me|accessdate=April 24, 2008|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|date=December 8, 2003}}</ref> A kọwawo ọrụ ya dị ka agwa nwanyị, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị . N'ịbụ onye na-ede ihe maka Mahadum Melbourne, Bronwen Auty weere Max dị ka "dike nwanyị nke oge a - nwa agbọghọ nke e nyere ikike iji ahụ ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike iji nweta ihe mweta", na-ekwu maka ọjụjụ Max jụrụ iji ngwa agha, ma kama iji nkà na ihe ọmụma dị ka ngwá agha iji wee na-enye aka na ọkwa a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ahcca.unimelb.edu.au/Superheroes/abstracts-full-A-E.html#auty|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050618113318/http://www.ahcca.unimelb.edu.au/Superheroes/abstracts-full-A-E.html|archivedate=June 18, 2005|title=Dark Angel: Kicking Ass Without A Gun – Justification for Max Guevera as a Modern Feminist Superhero|author=Auty|first=Bronwen|work=[[University of Melbourne]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, a họọrọ Max dịka onye nke iri na asaa na ndepụta nke ''TV Guide'' gbasara "25 Greatest Sci-Fi Legends". <ref>{{Cite journal|date=August 1, 2004|title=25 Greatest Sci-Fi Legends|journal=[[TV Guide]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017135649/http://www.gamesradar.com/top-200-sexiest-characters-in-sci-fi/|archivedate=October 17, 2015|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/top-200-sexiest-characters-in-sci-fi/|title=Top 200 Sexiest Characters in Sci-Fi|author=Golder|first=Dave|date=March 27, 2012|work=[[Games Radar]]|accessdate=October 11, 2015}}</ref> Ọrụ ya na ''Dark Angel'' mere ka akụkụ dị ịrịba ama na fim, o nwere nnukwu ihe ngosi ihuenyo ya na 2003, mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agba egwú na ''Honey'' . <ref name="usatoday">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2003-11-30-alba-honey_x.htm|title=Jessica Alba flows like 'Honey'|accessdate=April 24, 2008|work=USA Today|date=November 30, 2003|first=James|author=Endrst}}</ref> Nkwekọrịta siri ike nke ihe nkiri Rotten Tomato bụ: "Jessica Alba mara mma nakwa ịgba egwu siri ike na-enye ụfọdụ ihe na-ebuli elu na ihe nkiri a". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/honey/|title=Honey|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Flixster]]|accessdate=August 2, 2016}} </ref> Emebere na ihe nkiri ahụ ga-enweta nde dọla iri na asatọ mana ihe nkiri ahụ, mechara nweta ihe karịrị nde dọla iri isii na abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=honey.htm|title=Honey (2003) - Box Office Mojo}}</ref> Alba sonyekwara n'ihe nkiri dika onye na-agba egwu Nancy Callahan, dị ka akụkụ nke ihe nkedo ogologo oge, na ihe nkiri mpụ ''Sin City'' (2005), nke Robert Rodriguez na Frank Miller dere, meputa ma duzie. Ọ dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe osise Miller nke nwere otu aha ahụ . <ref name="PM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/160872-american-pop-matters-ron-thompson-the-illustrated-man-unsung-2495833587.html|work=PopMatters.com|date=August 2, 2012|title='American Pop'... Matters: Ron Thompson, the Illustrated Man Unsung|author=J.C. Maçek III}}</ref> Ọ nụbeghị banyere akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ tupu itinye aka na fim ahụ, mana ọ na-agụsi ya agụụ ike isoro Rodriguez wee rụkọọ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiofree.com/profiles/jessica_alba/interview01.shtml|title=Jessica Alba Interview: Sin City|work=www.radiofree.com}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a bụ nke a mara ama nke ọma nke mere ka o weta ihe karịrị nde dọla otu narị na iri ise na asatọ. Ọ nwetara ihe nrite ihe nkiri MTV maka ịrụ ọrụ kacha mma. <ref name="maxim">{{Cite web|url=http://www.maximonline.com/Girls/Jessicaalba/slideshow/1126/47.aspx?src=GM7070:MD|title=Maxim Top 100 for 2007|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]|year=2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605083030/http://www.maximonline.com/Girls/Jessicaalba/slideshow/1126/47.aspx?src=GM7070%3AMD|archivedate=June 5, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="askmenprofile">{{Cite web|url=http://uk.askmen.com/celebs/women/actress_60/61_jessica_alba.html|title=Jessica Alba|accessdate=April 24, 2008|work=[[AskMen.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901002329/http://uk.askmen.com/celebs/women/actress_60/61_jessica_alba.html|archivedate=September 1, 2008}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Jessica-Alba-The-Eye.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb| Alba na nyocha maka ''The Eye (2''008)]] Alba gosipụtara agwa Marvel Comics nke Invisible Woman na ''Fantastic Four'' (nakwa 2005), n'akụkụ Ioan Gruffudd, Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis, na Julian McMahon . <ref name="sfchronicle">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/07/08/DDGQ2DJSU21.DTL&type=movies|title=Fantastic Four Movie Review|accessdate=May 16, 2008|work=The San Francisco Chronicle|date=July 8, 2005|first=Mick|author=LaSalle|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010214410/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2005%2F07%2F08%2FDDGQ2DJSU21.DTL&type=movies|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''The Guardian'', na nyocha ya maka ihe nkiri ahụ, kwuru, sị: "Ndị inyom na ndị na-abụghị ndị inyom ga-etinyerịrị ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ''Fantastic Four's'' kasị enye nsogbu: ebe a nabatara ya na akụkọ ahụ n'ihi ịma mma ya, ihe bu ike ukwuu nke Alba ga-abụ na-apughị ihụ ya anya". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2005/jul/22/2|title=Fantastic Four|first=Peter|author=Bradshaw|date=July 22, 2005}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a gara nke ọma n'ahịa n'agbanyeghị nyocha ndị na-adịghị mma, o butere ihe karịrị nde dọla narị atọ na iri atọ na ato n'ụwa nile. Na MTV Movie Awards nke afọ 2006, ọ nwetara nhọpụta maka Best Hero na Best On-Screen Team. Ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya nke afọ 2005 bụ ihe na-akpali akpali ''Into the Blue'', bụ nke Alba gosipụtara, na-emegide Paul Walker, otu ọkara nke di na nwunye na-ahụ onwe ha na nsogbu nke onye na-azu ahịa ọgwụ mgbe ha zutere ihe ibu na-ezighị ezi nke ụgbọ elu dara ada. Ihe nkiri lọghachiri na ụlọọrụ ihe nkiri, wee bute ego karịrị nde dọla iri anọ na anọ n'ụwa niile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=intotheblue.htm|title=Into the Blue (2005) - Box Office Mojo|work=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Ọ kwadoro ihe nkiri nke MTV Movie Awards nke afọ 2006 wee mee ihe osise na-eme ihe nkiri ''King Kong'', ''Mission: Impossible III'' na ''The Da Vinci Code'' . <ref name="mtvmovie">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/archive/year.jhtml?year=2006#summary|title=2006 MTV Movie Awards|accessdate=April 24, 2008|publisher=MTV|date=June 8, 2006|archivedate=January 7, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107045111/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2007/#summary}}</ref> === 2007–2010: ihe nkiri ịhụnanya === Alba meghariri ọrụ ya na ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'', nke ewepụtara na June 2007. Dị ka Alba si kwuo, ntụziaka Tim Story n'oge ọnọdụ mmetụta uche fọdụrụ ihe nta ka ọ kwụsị ime ihe. "[Ọ gwara m] 'Ọ dị ka ọ dị adị. Ọ na-adị oke na-egbu mgbu. Ị nwere ike ịma mma karịa mgbe ị na-ebe akwa? Bee akwa mara mma, Jessica.' O kwụrụ si, 'Ejila ihu gị eme ihe ahụ. Naanị mee ka ọ dị larịị. Anyị nwere ike ịrụpụta anya mmiri." Dị ka Alba si kwuo, ahụmahụ a mere ka ọ nwee obi abụọ: "Mgbe ahụ, ihe niile mere ka m chee: Ọ̀ bụ na m ezughị oke? Ọ bụ na mmuo m na mmetụta uche m adịghị mma nke ukwuu? Ndị mmadụ a na-akpọ ha asị nke ukwuu nke na ha achọghị ka m bụrụ mmadụ? Ọ bu na ha agaghị m ekwe ka m bụrụ mmadụ n'ọrụ m? Ya mere, m kwuru naanị, Achọghị m ịma maka azụmahịa a ọzọ.'" <ref name="2010-11-23 Vulture">{{Cite web|author=Buchanan|first=Kyle|url=https://www.vulture.com/2010/11/dont_ever_ask_jessica_alba_to.html|title=Don't Ever Ask Jessica Alba to 'Cry Pretty'|work=[[Vulture.com|Vulture]]|date=November 23, 2010|accessdate=August 22, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822022831/https://www.vulture.com/2010/11/dont_ever_ask_jessica_alba_to.html|archivedate=2021-08-22}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a wetara nde dọla narị abụọ na ịrị itoolu n'ụwa niile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasticfour2.htm|title=Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007) - Box Office Mojo|work=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Na ''Good Luck Chuck'' (nakwa 2007), Alba gosipụtara mmasị ịhụnanya nke dọkịta eze na-enwe mmasị nwanyi. Ọ pụtara n'otu akwụkwọ mmado ihe nkiri ''Good Luck Chuck'' ' na-egosipụta akwụkwọ mkpuchi nke ''Rolling Stone'' nke onye na-ese foto ama aha ya bu Annie Leibovitz sere nke gosipụtara John Lennon na Yoko Ono n'ụdị ihe ngosi yiri ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nkatọ tụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ n'anya nke ukwuu, ọ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde dọla iri isii mgbe ewepụtara ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2007/GLUCH.php|title=Good Luck Chuck Box Office Data|work=The Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|accessdate=October 8, 2011|archivedate=September 20, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920220132/http://the-numbers.com/movies/2007/GLUCH.php}}</ref> Ụgbọ ihe ngosiputa nke atọ ya na 2007 bụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke mmụọ Awake, na-egosi enyi nwanyị nke nwoke nwere ego ruru nde kwuru nde nke na-achọ ịkpụgharị obi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Alba & Hayden Christensen (Awake) Interview 2007|url=https://www.tribute.ca/interviews/jessica-alba-hayden-christensen-awake/star/27431/|publisher=Tribute.cu|accessdate=October 24, 2017}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a nwetara nlebanya ditu mma, mana Roger Ebert toro ọrụ ya, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/awake-2007|title=Awake Movie Review & Film Summary (2007) - Roger Ebert|first=Roger|author=Ebert|work=www.rogerebert.com}}</ref> na mmefu ego na ihe dị ka nde dọla asatọ, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde dọla iri atọ na abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=awake.htm|title=Awake (2007) - Box Office Mojo|work=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Na February 2008, ọ kwadoro Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ' Science and Technical Awards . <ref name="apkesq">{{Cite news|url=http://www.kesq.com/Global/story.asp?S=7850086&nav=menu191_2_1|title=Jessica Alba dazzles self-professed nerds as academy hands out science and tech Oscars|accessdate=April 23, 2008|publisher=Kesq.com|date=February 10, 2008|archive-date=June 5, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605230922/http://www.kesq.com/Global/story.asp?S=7850086&nav=menu191_2_1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alba mere ka ọ na-eme mgbanwe na ụdị ihe egwu dị na ihe nkiri a kpọrọ ''The Eye'', nke bu ihe nkiri Hong Kong emeghariri, bụ nke ọ nwetara ọrụ nke onye na-akụ violin na-aga nke ọma nke nwetara mweghari anya ya nke nyere ya ohere ịhụ n'ime ụwa nke anya nkịtị na-apughị ihụ. <ref name="indalba"/> Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nkatọ anabataghị ihe nkiri ahụ nke ọma, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10008606-eye/|title=The Eye|accessdate=February 2, 2008|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=2008|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> arụmọrụ ya n'onwe ya nwetara nyocha dị iche iche. Ọ nwetara nhọpụta nke Teen Choice for Movie Actress: Horror–Thriller <ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing the Winners: The 2008 Teen Choice Awards|url=https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/2008-Teen-Choice-Awards-Winners-1840099|publisher=Pop Sugar|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> na nhọpụta Razzie Award maka Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha njọ (nke ya na ''Love Guru'' kesara). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Herrera|first=Monica|title=Cameron Diaz, Jessica Alba and Eva Mendes Nominated for Razzie Awards|url=http://www.latina.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-diaz-jessica-alba-and-eva-mendes-nominated-razzie-awards}}</ref> Na 2008, ọ mere ihe nkiri dika nwata nwanyị na-ere ahịa n'ihe nkiri ihunanya ntochi a kpọrọ ''Meet Bill'', n'akụkụ Logan Lerman na Elizabeth Banks, nakwa n'ihe nkiri ''The Love Guru'', dị ka nwanyị nke ketara otu egwuregwu Toronto Maple Leafs hockey, megide Mike Myers na Justin Timberlake . . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rich|first=Joshua|title=Mike Myers, Jessica Alba introduce 'The Love Guru' at ShoWest|url=https://ew.com/article/2008/03/12/love-guru-3/|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Mick LaSalle, nke ''San Francisco Chronicle'', na-achọpụta na ọ bụ "nke a ma ama" na fim ahụ, chere na "n'ikpeazụ o yiri ka ọ dị jụụ na igwefoto". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Movie-review-Mike-Myers-as-The-Love-Guru-3280049.php|title=Movie review: Mike Myers as 'The Love Guru'|first=Mick|author=LaSalle|date=June 20, 2008|work=SFGate}}</ref> ''The Love Guru'' bụ ihe dị egwu n'azụmahịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.25thframe.co.uk/charts/chart.php?chart=20080801|title=UK Weekend Cinema Box Office Chart 1st August 2008 - 25thframe|work=www.25thframe.co.uk|accessdate=2022-04-01|archivedate=2018-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113332/https://www.25thframe.co.uk/charts/chart.php?chart=20080801}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Jessica_Alba_2010.jpg|thumb| Alba na 2010]] Ọ bụ ezie na Alba enweghị mwepụta ihe nkiri ọ bụla na 2009, ihe nkiri ise dị elu ewepụtara na 2010 gosipụtara ya n'ọrụ dị ịrịba ama. Ọrụ mbụ ya n'ime afọ bụ nke onye akwụna na ''The Killer Inside Me'', mmegharị nke akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ, megidere Kate Hudson na Casey Affleck, bụ nke malitere na Sundance Film Festival ka mmeghachi omume na-ezighị ezi sitere na ndị nkatọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/14372|title='Killer Inside Me' Finds New Director and Cast|work=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|date=November 17, 2008|accessdate=June 26, 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i5c6f976cbed5f4a94581e2325dd5cb87|author=Borys|first=Kit|title=Simon Baker nabs 'Killer' role|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=May 11, 2009|accessdate=May 18, 2009|archive-date=May 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515102118/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i5c6f976cbed5f4a94581e2325dd5cb87|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themovieinsider.com/m4128/the-killer-inside-me/|title=The Killer Inside Me|work=The Movie Insider|accessdate=June 26, 2009|publisher=The Movie Insider LLC|archivedate=July 17, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717102654/http://www.themovieinsider.com/m4128/the-killer-inside-me}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ya na-esote bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya ''ụbọchị Valentine'', ebe o mere ihe nkiri dika enyi nwanyị nke onye na-azu fulawa dịka ụfọdụ n'ime ọtụtụ ndị mere ihe nkiri nke gụnyere Jessica Biel, Bradley Cooper, Taylor Lautner na Julia Roberts, nakwa ndị ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị nyocha ndị na-adịghị mma, ihe nkiri ahụ bu nke gara nke ọma n'azụmahịa, o nwetara ego karịrị nde dọla narị abụọ na iri na isii. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=valentinesday.htm|title=Valentine's Day (2010)|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=July 26, 2010}}</ref> Na ihe nkiri ''Machete'', Alba na onye nduzi ihe nkiri jikọtara Robert Rodriguez, na-arụ ọrụ nke onye ọrụ mbata na ọpụpụ onye na-ahọrọ n'etiti ịkwado iwu na ime ihe na-ewu ewu n'anya ezinụlọ ya. ''Machete'' nwetara ihe karịrị nde dọla iri anọ na anọ n'ụwa niile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=machete.htm|title=Machete (2010) - Box Office Mojo|work=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ a kpọrọ ''The Invisible Sign of My Own'', nke Alba soro mee na njedebe 2008, malitere na Hamptons Film Festival. N'ime ya, e gosipụtara ya dika otu nwa agbọghọ a dọpụrụ n'ụzọ na-egbu mgbu. <ref name="invisible">{{Cite news|author=Heath|first=Paul|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117991811.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|title=Jessica Alba Turns 'Invisible'|work=Variety|date=September 8, 2008|accessdate=September 21, 2010|archive-date=October 22, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022053636/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117991811.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=HIFF 2010 Program Announced|url=http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/2010/09/2010hiffprogra/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924211810/http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/2010/09/2010hiffprogra/|archivedate=September 24, 2010|publisher=hamptonsfilmfest.org|accessdate=May 28, 2012|date=September 15, 2010}}</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110309092514/http://www.ifcfilms.com/films/an-invisible-sign "An Invisible Sign"]. ''IFC Entertainment''. Retrieved March 17, 2011.</ref> Ihe nkiri 2010 ikpeazụ ya bụ ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị ''Little Fockers'', bụ nke ọ bu onye nnọchiteanya ọgwụ, ya na Robert De Niro jikọtakwara bụ onye nọkwa na ''Machete'' . N'agbanyeghị nyocha ndị na-adịghị mma sitere n'aka ndị nkatọ, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nddọlaUnarị atọ na iri 0 n'ụwa nile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meetthefockerssequel.htm|title=Little Fockers (2010) - Box Office Mojo|work=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Maka ọrụ ya niile na 2010, ọ nwetara ihe nrite Razzie Award maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha njọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/golden-raspberry-awards-2010_n_828706|title='Sex And The City 2' Ladies Named Worst Actresses Of The Year!|date=February 27, 2011|work=HuffPost}}</ref> === 2011 wee ruo ugbu a: omume na mmepụta mgbasa ozi nọọrọ onwe ha === Na 2011, Alba na Robert Rodriguez rụrụ ọrụ nke ugboro atọ na ihe nkiri ''Spy Kids: All Time in the World'', na egosiputa onye nledo ezumike nká nke a na-akpọghachi n'ime ihe. Iji soro ụmụ di ya ọhụrụ na-akpakọrịta, ọ na-akpọ ha òkù ka ha bịa. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|title=Jessica Alba Interview SPY KIDS: ALL THE TIME IN THE WORLD|first=Christina|author=Radish|date=August 15, 2011|url=https://collider.com/jessica-alba-spy-kids-4-interview/}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a achawapughi achawapu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe nkiri ndị gara aga, mana ọ ka gara nke ọma, o wetakwara ego ruru nde dọla iri asatọ na ise na gburugburu ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spykids4.htm|title=Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011) - Box Office Mojo|work=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Alba pụtakwara n'ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ ya na Adam Scott, Richard Jenkins, Jane Lynch, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, na Catherine O'Hara na ihe nkiri ''ACOD'' (2013), na-egosiputa ihe ''Washington Post'' kọwara dị ka "nwa nke ịgba alụkwaghịm", onye ya na àgwà Scott fọrọ nke nta ka ya na ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ na-enwe mmekọ na-azu enyi ya nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/acod-movie-review/2013/10/09/1fc97046-2ba0-11e3-97a3-ff2758228523_story.html|title='A.C.O.D.' movie review|work=The Washington Post|date=October 10, 2013|accessdate=May 5, 2019}}</ref> Onye nkatọ ''ScreenRant'' Ben Kendrick dere, sị: "[Winstead] na [Alba] na-enyekwa onyinye ha - ọ bụ ezie na ha abụọ bụ ndị e mere ka ha bụrụ enyo maka Carter iji nyochaa ndụ ya na nhọrọ ya." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/acod-movie-reviews-2013/|title=A.C.O.D. Review|author=Ben Kendrick|work=Screen Rant}}</ref> ''ACOD'' nwetara obere ihe ngo n'ihe nkiri na North America. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=acod.htm|title=A.C.O.D. (2013) - Box Office Mojo|work=boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Na 2013, Alba mekwara ka olu ya na-eme ihe mpụta mbụ na ihe nkiri ahụ a gara nke ọma a kpọrọ ''Escape From Planet Earth'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarah Jessica Parker, Jessica Alba Join 'Escape from Planet Earth'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/sarah-jessica-parker-jessica-alba-218117|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=May 28, 2012|date=August 2, 2011}}</ref> Alba na onye nduzi Rodriguez rụkwara ọrụ ọzọ maka usoro ihe nkiri abụọ. Ọ meghariri ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọrụ mbata na ọpụpụ, n'ọdịdị mputa na-enweghi nzere, na ''Machete Kills'' (2013), nke ndị nkatọ na ndị na-ege ntị katọrọ, <ref>{{Cite web|title='Machete Kills' Casting News|url=http://www.planetfury.com/content/machete-kills-casting|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022090507/http://www.planetfury.com/content/machete-kills-casting|archivedate=October 22, 2012|publisher=Planet Fury|accessdate=May 28, 2012|date=May 7, 2012}}</ref> na ọrụ ya ka ukwuu nke onye na-agba egwu n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Nancy Callahan, na-achọ ịbọ ọbọ onye nchekwa ya nwụrụ a{{As of|2014}}nwụ, na ''Sin City: A Dame to Kill For'', nke e wepụtara na August 2014, na 2D na 3D. <ref name="PressRelease">{{Cite web|url=https://collider.com/sin-city-2-release-date-jessica-alba/166990|title=Release Date Announced for SIN CITY: A DAME TO KILL FOR; Jessica Alba to Return; Film Will Be in 3D|author=Goldberg|first=Matt|date=May 17, 2012|publisher=Collider.com|accessdate=May 17, 2012|archivedate=May 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520030603/http://collider.com/sin-city-2-release-date-jessica-alba/166990}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/schedule/?view=changes&p=.htm|title=Theatrical Movie Schedule Additions and Changes|date=January 9, 2013|publisher=Boxofficemojo.com|accessdate=September 2, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sincity-2.com/|title=Sin City 2: A Dame to Kill For|publisher=Weinstein Company|accessdate=February 18, 2014}}</ref> N'adịghị ka ihe nkiri mbụ ahụ, ''A Dame to Kill For'' bụ ihe nkiri na-emeghị nke ọma n'azụmahịa, na-eweta naanị nde dọla iri atọ na itoolu ebe e mefuru nde dọla iri isii na ise wee mee ya, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sin City: A Dame to Kill For - The Numbers|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Sin-City-2#tab=summary|publisher=The Numbers|date=August 22, 2014|accessdate=September 4, 2014|archive-date=September 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903061941/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Sin-City-2#tab=summary|url-status=dead}}</ref> wee nweta nyocha dị iche iche site n'aka ndị nkatọ ihe nkiri. Ndị dị ''iche iche'' chere na ọ bụ "mgbalị oge na-adịghị anya iji gbanwee àgwà Alba site n'onye a na-erigbu emegbu ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-enye ike". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/film-review-sin-city-a-dame-to-kill-for-1201286847/|title=Film Review: 'Frank Miller's Sin City: A Dame to Kill For'|first=Justin|author=Chang|date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> O mechara rụọ ọrụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri cabaret na ihe nkiri ''Dear Eleanor'' (2014), enyi nwanyị na-eme egwuregwu nke onye prọfesọ Bekee ihe na-agara nke ọma na nke a na-akwanyere ùgwù na ihe nkiri ịhụnanya ''Some Kind of Beautiful'' (2014), onye nnabata na ụlọ ọrụ limo na ''Stretch'' (nakwa 2014), onye na-azụ ahịa ngwa ọgụ na-adịghị ike nke mmetụta uche na mpụ ntochi ''Barely Lethal'' (2015), na nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri egwu egwu ''The Veil'' (2016); ewepụtara ihe nkiri niile maka ịhe ngosi pere mpe yana VOD. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailycamera.com/ci_29863052/boulder-county-gets-its-close-up-dear-eleanor|title=Boulder County gets its close-up with 'Dear Eleanor' debut|date=May 7, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2015/07/some-kind-of-beautiful-pierce-brosnan-romantic-comedy-1201479783/|title='Some Kind Of Beautiful' Trailer – Pierce Brosnan's Charming Mid Life Crisis|first=Ross A.|author=Lincoln|date=July 17, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1945906/stretch-trailer/|title=This 'Stretch' Trailer Is Headed To Crazy Town, And Patrick Wilson Is Driving|first=Katie|author=Calautti|work=MTV News|accessdate=2022-04-01|archivedate=2020-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111203850/http://www.mtv.com/news/1945906/stretch-trailer/}}</ref> N'ihe nkiri ''Mechanic: Mbilite n'ọnwụ'' (2016), n'akụkụ Jason Statham, Alba ka e gosipụtara dika enyi nwanyị nke onye ezumike nká. O mere Krav Maga ka o wee nwee ọdịdị maka ihe nkiri ahụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extratv.com/2016/08/22/jessica-alba-reveals-how-she-stayed-in-shape-for-mechanic-resurrection-and-her-guilty-food-pleasures/|title=Jessica Alba Reveals How She Stayed in Shape for 'Mechanic: Resurrection,' and Her Guilty Food Pleasures - ExtraTV.com|work=Extra}}</ref> wee dọta ya na ike nke àgwà ya gosipụtara, na-ekwu, sị: "Echere m na maka ụdị ihe nkiri ndị a, ị naghị ahụkarị nwanyị ka ọ na-egosipụta ihe ngosi ịhụnanya. M pụtara, ọ na-abụkarị nwoke ahụ na-azọpụta ya, ya mere ọ dị mma na m ji obi siri ike na ezi obi wee gosipụta ya." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/mechanic-resurrection-interview-jessica-alba/|title=Jessica Alba Talks Mechanic: Resurrection Role & Jason Statham|date=August 28, 2016|work=ScreenRant}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a mere ihe karịrị nde dọla otu narị na iri abụọ na ise n'ụwa niile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mechanic2.htm|title=Mechanic: Resurrection (2016) - Box Office Mojo|work=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Ọ ga-eme ihe nkiri wee mepụta usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ maka Disney + akpọrọ "Parenting Without Borders" (aha ọrụ) nke ga-elekwasị anya na ezinụlọ gburugburu ụwa nakwa nkwenkwe na omenala ha. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2020-03-04|title=Jessica Alba To Star In 'Parenting Without Borders' Docu Series For Disney+|url=https://deadline.com/2020/03/jessica-alba-star-ep-parenting-without-borders-docu-series-disney-plus-1202873877/|accessdate=2021-01-14|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mgbalị ndị ọzọ == === The Honest Company === Na Jenụwarị 2012, Alba na onye ọchụnta ego Christopher Gavigan malitere Ụlọ Ọru a kpọrọ The Honest Company na-ere ihe nchịkọta nke ngwongwo ụlọ, ihe eji awachi nwa ike, na ngwaahịa nlekọta ahụ. <ref name="People"/> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara nke ọma, ma bụrụ nke nwere ego na ngwaahịa ruru otu ijeri dọla dika n'afọ 2014 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Lorenzetti|first=Laura|title=Jessica Alba startup The Honest Co. raises $70 million as it heads toward IPO|url=http://fortune.com/2014/08/26/jessica-alba-honest-co-ipo/|accessdate=March 10, 2015|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=August 26, 2014}}</ref> Na mbido 2013, Alba wepụtara akwụkwọ ya, ''The Honest Life,'' nke dabere na ahụmịhe ya, ndụ na-adịghị egbu egbu maka ezinụlọ ya. Akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ ''New York Times'' Best Seller. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Alba's First Book 'The Honest Life' Becomes New York Times Best Seller|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/04/jessica-albas-first-book-nytimes-bestseller_n_3015243.html|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20579896,00.html|title=Jessica Alba to Release Her First Book|date=March 19, 2012|accessdate=March 20, 2012|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|archive-date=March 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320025318/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20579896,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2015, e mere atụmatụ na Alba nwere pasent iri na ise ruo pasent iri abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=O'Connor|first=Clare|title=How Jessica Alba Built A $1 Billion Company, And $200 Million Fortune, Selling Parents Peace Of Mind|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2015/05/27/how-jessica-alba-built-a-1-billion-company-and-200-million-fortune-selling-parents-peace-of-mind/|work=Forbes|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref> N'October 2015, Alba malitere nchịkọta nlekọta anụ ahụ na ihe mara mma nke a na-akpọ Honest Beauty. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dawson|first=Alene|title=Actress-mogul Jessica Alba expands her Honest Company empire to include skin care and beauty products|url=https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ar-jessica-alba-launches-honest-beauty-20151026-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Apatoff|first=Alex|title=Jessica Alba Launches Line of Beauty Products for The Honest Company|url=http://people.com/style/jessica-alba-launches-line-of-beauty-products-for-the-honest-company/|publisher=People|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> === Ọrụ ebere na mmemme === Alba pụtara maka mgbasa ozi nbipụta nke agbụ site na ihe mkpọsa akpọrọ "Declare Yourself" mkpọsa na-agba ume ndebanye aha ntuli aka n'etiti ndị ntorobịa maka ntuli aka onye isi ala United States 2008 . Mgbasa ozi ndị ahụ, nke Mark Liddell sere, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b28294_jessica_albas_kinky_photo_shoot.html|title=Jessica Alba's kinky photo shoot|author=Malkin|first=Marc|date=September 20, 2008|accessdate=December 28, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="people2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20224589,00.html|title=Jessica Alba's 'Shocking' Ad for Declare Yourself|date=September 10, 2008|work=People|accessdate=December 28, 2008|archive-date=January 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103011827/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20224589,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> gosipụtara Alba ka e kechiri na teepu ojii, ma dọta uche mgbasa ozi mba. <ref name="people2" /> Alba kwuru maka ime mgbasa ozi na "ọ naghị ewute m ma ọlị." Alba kwukwara, "Echere m na ọ dị mkpa ka ndị na-eto eto mara mkpa anyị nwere na obodo a iji mee ka ha na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. . . Ndị mmadụ na-anabata ihe ndị na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ." <ref name="people2" /> Alba kwadoro onye na-aputa maka ọkwa onye isi ala na pati nke Democratic [[Barack Obama]] n'oge izizi n'afọ 2008 . <ref name="topnews">{{Cite web|url=http://www.topnews.in/light/jessica-alba,-ryan-phillippe-support-obama-new-will.i.am-video-27376|title=Jessica Alba, Ryan Phillippe support Obama in new will.i.am video|accessdate=April 25, 2008|work=Top News Light Reading|date=March 1, 2008|archivedate=November 22, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122052638/http://www.topnews.in/light/jessica-alba,-ryan-phillippe-support-obama-new-will.i.am-video-27376}}</ref> Ọ kwadokwara mkpọsa Hillary Clinton maka onyeisi oche. <ref>Johnson, T. [https://variety.com/2015/biz/news/kim-kardashian-kanye-west-attend-hillary-clinton-fundraiser-in-l-a-1201558535/ Variety] August 6, 2015.</ref> [[Usòrò:Jessica_Alba_@_Declare_Yourself_Inauguration_Ball_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Alba na 2009]] Na June 2009, mgbe a na-eme ihe nkiri ''The Killer Inside Me'' na Oklahoma City, Alba tinyere aka na esemokwu ya na ndị bi na ya mgbe ọ madoro akwụkwọ ozi nke nnukwu azụ 'shark' na gburugburu obodo. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jessica Alba 'sorry' for shark posters|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/jessica-alba-shark-posters-article-1.376281|accessdate=October 4, 2013|work=[[New York Daily News]]|date=June 9, 2009}}</ref> Alba kwuru na ya na-agbalị ileba anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnukwu shark ọcha nke na-ebelata kwa ụbọchị. Ndị mgbasa ozi na-eche na a ga-achụ Alba ma bo ya ebubo imebi ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theinsider.com/news/2266701_Oklahoma_City_police_probe_Alba_link_to_vandalism|title=Oklahoma City Police Probe Alba Link to Vandalism|work=The Insider|accessdate=June 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090613012452/http://www.theinsider.com/news/2266701_Oklahoma_City_police_probe_Alba_link_to_vandalism|archivedate=June 13, 2009}}</ref> Na June 16, 2009, ndị uwe ojii Oklahoma City kwuru na ha agaghị agbaso ebubo mpụ megide Alba, n'ihi na ọ nweghị onye nwe ụlọ chọrọ ịchụso ya. <ref name="vandalism">{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20285362,00.html|title=Jessica Alba Won't Face Vandalism Charges for Her Shark Crusade|date=June 16, 2009|author=Meadows|first=Bob|work=People|accessdate=June 23, 2009|archive-date=November 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120210109/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20285362,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theinsider.com/news/2265200_Jessica_Alba_Apologizes_for_Ill_Advised_Decision|title=Jessica Alba Apologizes for Ill Advised Decision|date=June 9, 2009|work=The Insider|accessdate=June 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614081320/http://www.theinsider.com/news/2265200_Jessica_Alba_Apologizes_for_Ill_Advised_Decision|archivedate=June 14, 2009}}</ref> Alba rịọrọ mgbaghara na nkwupụta ọ gwara magazin a kpọrọ <nowiki><i>People</i></nowiki> wee kwuo na ya kwara ụta maka omume ya. <ref name="vandalism" /> O mechara nye United Way ego a na-akọwaghị nke ọma (ihe karịrị dọla narị ise) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theinsider.com/news/2290507_Jessica_Alba_Donates_After_Shark_Controversy|title=Jessica Alba Donates After Controversy|date=June 18, 2009|work=The Insider|accessdate=June 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622081541/http://www.theinsider.com/news/2290507_Jessica_Alba_Donates_After_Shark_Controversy|archivedate=June 22, 2009}}</ref>, bụ́ nke o ji otu n'ime akwụkwọ mmado shark kpuchie bọọdụ mgbasa ozi ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b130063_jessica_alba_sends_check_uniteds_way.html|title=Jessica Alba Sends Checks United Way|work=E Online|accessdate=June 23, 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.newsok.com/bamsblog/2009/06/20/jessica-alba-donates-to-united-way-of-central-oklahoma/|title=Jessica Alba Donates To United Way Of Central Oklahoma|date=June 20, 2009|work=NewsOk.com|accessdate=June 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712122805/http://blog.newsok.com/bamsblog/2009/06/20/jessica-alba-donates-to-united-way-of-central-oklahoma/|archivedate=July 12, 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2009/06/19/Alba-makes-donation-after-shark-incident/UPI-48391245440824/|title=Alba Makes Donation After Shark Incident|date=June 19, 2009|work=Entertainment News|accessdate=June 23, 2009}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, Alba sonyeere na mbọ ịgbachitere ụbọchị abụọ na Washington DC na nkwado nke Iwu Nchekwa Kemịkalụ, ngbanwe nke Iwu nchịkwa ihe na -egbu egbu nke 1976 . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Gavin|first=Patrick|title=Jessica Alba on the Hill|url=http://www.politico.com/click/stories/1105/jessica_alba_on_the_hill.html|work=Politico|date=May 24, 2011|archive-date=October 12, 2012|access-date=April 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012054728/http://www.politico.com/click/stories/1105/jessica_alba_on_the_hill.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sinha|first=Vidushi|title=Pediatricians, Child Advocates Call for Passage of Safe Chemicals Act|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/environment/Pediatricians-Child-Advocates-Call-for-Passage-of-Safe-Chemicals-Act-122612314.html|work=Voice of America|date=May 25, 2011|accessdate=May 26, 2011|archive-date=May 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529101041/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/environment/Pediatricians-Child-Advocates-Call-for-Passage-of-Safe-Chemicals-Act-122612314.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alba laghachiri na Capitol Hill na 2015 ka ọ na-agbachitere ndị omebe iwu ka ha na-arụrịta ụka ọzọ maka nnọchi nke 1976 Substances Control Act. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Devaney|first=Tim|title=Jessica Alba lobbies Congress for stronger chemical protections|url=http://thehill.com/regulation/energy-environment/245437-jessica-alba-lobbying-congress-for-stronger-chemical|work=The Hill|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nkwado siri ike maka ikike ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke na June 27, 2013, o gosipụtara obi ụtọ ya na mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu ịkagbu DOMA n'akara Twitter ya. O tinyere ozi na Twitter "#equality #love". <ref>{{Cite web|title=39 celebs who are super psyched about marriage equality|url=http://www.glamour.com/weddings/blogs/save-the-date/2013/06/39-more-celebs-who-are-super-p.html|publisher=Glamour|accessdate=June 27, 2013|archivedate=July 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701075724/http://www.glamour.com/weddings/blogs/save-the-date/2013/06/39-more-celebs-who-are-super-p.html}}</ref> Ọrụ ebere Alba gụnyere itinye aka na Clothes Off Our Back, Habitat for Humanity, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Project HOME, RADD, Revlon Run / Walk for Women, SOS Children's Villages, Soles4Souls, Step Up and Baby2Baby. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassadors|url=http://baby2baby.org|publisher=Baby2Baby|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/95-jessica-alba|title=Jessica Alba's Charity Work|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=Celebrity Charity|archivedate=January 23, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123142300/http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/jessica-alba}}</ref> Alba bụ onye nnọchi anya otu 1Goal iji nye ụmụaka Africa mmụta na ọzụzụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news/alba-gets-sporty-in-south-africa_1135987|title=Jessica Alba on Motherhood, Turning 30, and Her Sex Symbol Status|date=March 18, 2010|accessdate=April 14, 2012}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya Baby2Baby, na-enye onyinye ma na-enyere aka ikesa ihe dị ka diapers na uwe nye ezinụlọ nọ na Los Angeles. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pener|first=Degen|title=How Jessica Alba, Kate Hudson and More Stars Are Helping L.A. Moms|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-jessica-alba-kate-hudson-more-stars-are-helping-la-moms-1027551|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Na 2015, Alba na The Honest Company kwadoro ụlọ nyocha na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mount Sinai na New York City. Ekwuwapụtara ụlọ nyocha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ọnụ ụlọ pụrụ iche emebere iji gbochie uzuzu na ụmụ irighiri ihe, ebe otu ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe ga-enyocha njikọ dị n'etiti kemịkalụ ezinụlọ na autism. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Clare|first=O'Connor|title=Jessica Alba's Honest Co. Funding Research On Chemical Link To Autism|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2015/06/02/jessica-albas-honest-co-funding-research-on-chemical-link-to-autism/|work=Forbes|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> == Oyiyi ọha == [[Usòrò:Jessica_Alba_at_Fantastic_Four-_Rise_London_Premiere_5.jpg|alt=Smiling young woman with wavy hair pulled up in a loose bun, wearing a gold low-cut dress and accompanied by a man. She is signing autographs.|thumb| Alba na 2007 na London premiere nke ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'']] Jessica Alba anabatala nlebara anya maka ọdịdị ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ e tinyekwala ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche nke ndị na-eme ememme kachasị maa mma n'oge ahụ. A gụnyere Alba na ndepụta nke Maxim Magazine's Hot 100 ebe edeputara ya ọtụtụ oge site na 2001 ruo 2014. <ref name="maxim"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maxim.com/Girls/34JessicaAlba/slideshow/24847/2463.aspx|title=2009 Hot 100|work=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]|accessdate=June 25, 2009|date=May 6, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110153355/http://www.maxim.com/Girls/34JessicaAlba/slideshow/24847/2463.aspx|archivedate=January 10, 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Maxim 2014 Hot 100|url=http://www.maxim.com/hot100/2014|journal=Maxim|accessdate=June 16, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=2005 Hot 100 List|url=https://www.maxim.com/women/2005-hot-100-post|publisher=Maxim|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> N'okwu a, o kwuru, sị, "M ga-agbarịrị mbọ ụfọdụ iji ihem bu mee ihe maka ọdịmma m, ebe m na-eduzi ndị mmadụ ka ha na-eche echiche otú m chọrọ." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography/0,,20005720_10,00.html|title=Jessica Alba Biography|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|accessdate=June 25, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310031506/http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography/0%2C%2C20005720_0%2C00.html|archivedate=March 10, 2008}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, a họpụtara Alba dika nwanyị nke ise kacha maa mma mmekọahụ na ntuli aka Hollywood.com. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hollywood's Sexiest Stars 2002 Poll Results|url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/hollywoods-sexiest-stars-2002-poll-results-57163442/|publisher=Hollywood.com|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Na 2005, a kpọrọ ya aha dị ka otu n'ime ''ndị mmadụ'' iri ise kasị mma nke magazin ndị mmadụ, <ref>{{Cite web|title=PEOPLE's 50 Most Beautiful People|url=http://people.com/tbd/peoples-50-most-beautiful-people/|publisher=People|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> ọ pụtakwara mgbe e mesịrị na ndepụta mmadu otu narị Kasị Mma nke magazin ahụ na 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Barrymore tops People '100 Most Beautiful' list|url=http://www.today.com/id/18316269/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/barrymore-tops-people-most-beautiful-list/|publisher=Today.com|accessdate=October 25, 2017|archivedate=November 15, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015330/http://www.today.com/id/18316269/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/barrymore-tops-people-most-beautiful-list/}}</ref> Ahukwara Alba dịka otu onye na ndepụta nke ''FHM nke ụmụ nwanyị kaacha'' maa mma ile anya. <ref name="FHM">{{Cite web|title=The 100 Sexiest Women In The World, 2016|url=http://www.fhm.com/posts/the-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2016-122032/photos/jessica-alba-fhm-sexiest-2016-221948|publisher=FHM|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Akpọrọ Alba na ndekọ "25 Sexiest Celebrities" nke Playboy na 2006 wee pụta na mkpuchi nke magazin n'afọ ahụ. <ref name="CNN Allin">{{Cite news|author=Allin|first=Olivia|title=13 celebs who said 'no way' to Playboy|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/celebrity.news.gossip/10/27/celebs.no.playboy.tf/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Alba tinyere aka na ịgba akwụkwọ megide ''Playboy'' maka iji ihe oyiyi ya mee ihe na mkpuchi a (site na mgbasa ozi maka Into the Blue ) na-enwetaghi ikike ua, nke ọ na-ekwu na-egosi na e gosipụtara ya dika ihe osise gba ọtọ na mbipụta ahụ". Otú ọ dị, o mesịrị kwụsị ikpe ahụ mgbe ọ natachara mgbaghara nke onye nwe ''Playboy'' Hugh Hefner, bụ onye kwetara inye onyinye maka ụlọ ọrụ ebere abụọ nke Alba kwadoro. <ref name="playboy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1180254,00.html|title=Playboy Apologizes to Jessica Alba|author=Silverman|first=Stephen M.|accessdate=September 21, 2010|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|archive-date=March 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306020459/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1180254,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nakwa na 2006, ndị na-agụ AskMen.com turu Alba votu ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị nke izizi na ihe ndepụta "ụmụ nwanyị iri itoolu na itoolu kasị maa mma". <ref name="askmenalba2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.askmen.com/specials/2006_top_99/jessica-alba-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060203044438/http://www.askmen.com/specials/2006_top_99/jessica-alba-1.html|archivedate=February 3, 2006|title=Jessica Alba (profile)|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[AskMen.com]]|year=2006}}</ref> Na 2007, Alba bụrụ onye nke anọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Empire Magazine a kpọrọ "100 Sexiest Movie Stars". <ref name="Popcrunch">{{Cite web|author=Castina|title=Empire Magazine 100 Sexiest Movie Stars Ever; Angelina Jolie Named Sexiest Movie Star Ever|url=http://www.popcrunch.com/empire-magazine-100-sexiest-movie-stars-ever-angelina-jolie-named-sexiest-movie-star-ever/|publisher=Popcrunch|accessdate=October 25, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230809/http://www.popcrunch.com/empire-magazine-100-sexiest-movie-stars-ever-angelina-jolie-named-sexiest-movie-star-ever/|archivedate=September 25, 2017}}</ref> Ma GQ na In Style nwere Alba na mkpuchi June 2008 ha. <ref name="menstyle">{{Cite web|url=http://video.men.style.com/?fr_story=6d59b836ad0746f01d5e61f3986e4825313460a5&rf=bm|title=GQ: The Jessica Alba Video|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[Style.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415143206/http://video.men.style.com/?fr_story=6d59b836ad0746f01d5e61f3986e4825313460a5&rf=bm|archivedate=April 15, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="instyle">{{Cite web|url=http://www.instyle.com/instyle/products/productfinder/issue/0,,1625011,00.html|title=In Style June 2007|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[InStyle]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222193705/http://www.instyle.com/instyle/products/productfinder/issue/0%2C%2C1625011%2C00.html|archivedate=February 22, 2008}}</ref> Alba pụtara na kalenda Campari 2009 nke gosipụtara foto nke ihe ngosi ya. Campari bipụtara akwụkwọ kalenda 9,999. <ref name="Jessica Alba Bares Body After Baby for Calendar">{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20243751,00.html|title=Jessica Alba Bares Body After Baby For Calendar|accessdate=June 25, 2009|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192223/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20243751,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Campari Popsugar">{{Cite web|title=jessica alba 2009 Campari calendar|url=https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/photo-gallery/3236746/image/3236753/jessica-alba-2009-Campari-calendar|publisher=Popsugar|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Na 2011, a kpọrọ ya otu n'ime "100 Best Women of All-time" site na Men's Health, <ref>{{Cite web|title=The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time|url=http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time|work=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]|accessdate=January 3, 2012|year=2011}}</ref> na 2012 ''ndị mmadụ'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị "Kachasị Mma n'oge Ọ bụla". <ref>{{Cite web|title=2012 Most Beautiful at Every Age – Jessica Alba|url=http://www.people.com/people/package/gallery/0,,20360857_20360861,00.html#20612529|work=People|accessdate=April 25, 2012|author=Karen J. Quan|date=April 20, 2012}}</ref> Na 2010, akụkọ pụtara na otu nwa agbọghọ China dị afọ iri abụọ na otu na-achọ ịwa ahụ plastik ka ọ dị ka Alba iji nwetaghachi enyi ya nwoke; Alba kwuru okwu megide mkpa ọ dị ka ọ gbanwee ọdịdị ya maka ịhụnanya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalledger.com/ledgerpop/article_272630303.shtml|title=Jessica Alba Makeover (Photos) – Plastic Surgery to Look Like Actress|work=National Ledger|date=February 7, 2010|accessdate=February 10, 2010|archivedate=April 9, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409025241/http://www.nationalledger.com/ledgerpop/article_272630303.shtml}}</ref> <blockquote>Echere m na e nwere ụmụ agbọghọ nwere oke ọchịchọ ga-eme ihe ọ bụla iji bụrụ ndị a ma ama, ha na-eche na ndị ikom nọ na ụlọọrụ a amarala ụmụ nwanyị dika ndị n'eme ihe ahụ. N'adịghị ka mmetụta ndị mmadụ nwere, ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe m ji mmekọahụ eme ihe. Nke ahụ abụghị nnọọ maka m. Mgbe m nọ na nzukọ, achọrọ m ịgwa gị ihe mere m ji bụrụ ihe bara uru, ka m si bụrụ ngwa ahịa, otu m ga-esi tinye ike ndị mmadu na oche, ọ bụghị, 'E nwere ohere ị ga-enwe ike idina m' Nke ahụ abụbeghị nkwekọrịta m. - Alba na-ejighi ọnọdụ ịbụ nwanyị mara mma ya iji nweta ihe ọ chọrọ n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya, 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/Don-t-Mess-With-Jess |title=Don't Mess With Jess |access-date=25 June 2009 |work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]}}</ref> </blockquote> Alba ekwuola maka egwu ọ na-atụ na a ga-edegharị ya dị ka nwa agbọghọ hụrụ mmekọahụ n'anya n'ihi n'ọtụtụ ihe àgwà e nyere ya n'ihe nkiri. N'ajụjụ ọnụ, Alba kwuru na ọ chọrọ ka e were ya kpọrọ ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri mana o kwenyere na ọ kwesịrị ime ihe nkiri na ọ gaghị enwe mmasị ịmalite ọrụ ya, na-ekwu na n'ikpeazụ ọ tụrụ anya na ọ ga-ahọrọ ọrụ na fim ya. <ref name="Stern Daily Beast">{{Cite web|author=Stern|first=Marlow|title=Jessica Alba on 'Sin City,' Typecasting, and How Homophobia Pushed Her Away From the Church|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/jessica-alba-on-sin-city-typecasting-and-how-homophobia-pushed-her-away-from-the-church|publisher=Daily Beast|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="afwt">{{Cite web|url=http://www.moono.com/news/news01099.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112014520/http://www.moono.com/news/news01099.html|archivedate=January 12, 2006|title=Alba Fears Whore Typecast|accessdate=July 31, 2007|work=WEEN|publisher=Moono|date=November 9, 2005}}</ref> Ekwuru na Alba na-ekwu na ọ gaghị agba ọtọ n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya <ref name="Popsugar, Sorry Boys">{{Cite web|title=Sorry Boys, Jessica Alba Won't Get Naked|url=https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Sorry-Boys-Jessica-Alba-Wont-Get-Naked-46121|publisher=Popsugar|accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> Enyere ya ohere ihọrọ igosi ịgba ọtọ na ''Sin City'' site na ndị nduzi ihe nkiri ahụ, Frank Miller na Robert Rodriguez, ma ọ jụrụ onyinye ahụ, na-ekwu, sị, "Anaghị m agba ọtọ. Anaghị m eme ya. Ma eleghị anya, nke ahụ na-eme ka m bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ọjọọ. Ma eleghị anya, a gaghị ewe m n'ọrụ n'ihe ụfọdụ. Ma enwere m nchegbu nke ukwuu." <ref name="Elle2006">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elle.com/coverstory/9917/jessica-alba.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107104150/http://www.elle.com/coverstory/9917/jessica-alba.html|archivedate=November 7, 2006|title=Jessica Alba – ELLE|author=Itzkoff|first=Dave|publisher=Elle.com|accessdate=December 12, 2007}}</ref> O kwuru banyere oge ịse ihe nke ''GQ'' ebe ọ na-eyi obere uwe, "Ha achọghị ka m yie uwe ogologo ọkpa mana m kwuru, 'Ọ bụrụ na m ga-abụ onye na-eyighi akwa, achọrọ m iyi uwe ogoglogo ọkpa." <ref name="christian">{{Cite web|author=Gardetta|first=Dave|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/alba%20turns%20her%20back%20on%20christian%20pals%20who%20made%20her%20feel%20ashamed|title=Alba Turns Her Back on Christian Pals Who Made Her Feel Ashamed|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[GQ]]|publisher=[[Contactmusic.com]]|date=March 23, 2005|archivedate=June 20, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620004249/http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/alba%20turns%20her%20back%20on%20christian%20pals%20who%20made%20her%20feel%20ashamed}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe ya == A zụlitere Alba dị ka onye Katọlik <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=458443&gt1=28101|title=Jessica Alba says she'll never do a nude scene|publisher=Movies.msn.com|date=February 14, 2010|accessdate=September 2, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BUN4wsAV?url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=458443&gt1=28101|archivedate=October 17, 2012}}</ref> n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gardetta|first=Dave|url=http://men.style.com/gq/features/full?id=content_847|title=The Sinner|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[GQ]]|publisher=[[Style.com]]|date=April 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416165610/http://men.style.com/gq/features/full?id=content_847|archivedate=April 16, 2008}}</ref> mana ọ hapụrụ ụka n'ihi na ọ chere na a na-ekpe ya ikpe maka ọdịdị ya, na-akọwa:<blockquote>Ndị okenye na-akụ m ihe, onye pastọ m na-eto eto kwuru na ọ bụ n’ihi na m na-eyi uwe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, mgbe m na-ejighị. O mere ka ọ dị m ka m bụ onye nwoke na-achọsi ike, ka ọ bụ m kpatara ya, ọ na-emekwa m ka m nwee ihere ahụ m na ịbụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=October 11, 2006|accessdate=May 14, 2009|title=Alba Alters Religious Beliefs|url=http://www.moono.com/news/news03203.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117110830/http://www.moono.com/news/news03203.html|archivedate=November 17, 2006|publisher=moono.com}}</ref></blockquote>Alba nwekwara ihe nkatọ megide ihe chọọchị ahụ kwụrụ maka mmekọahụ tupu alụmdi na nwunye na nwoke idina nwoke na ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka enweghị ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ndị nlereanya na Bible, na-akọwa si: "Echere m na ọ bụ ezigbo nduzi, ma ọ bụghị otú m ga-esi bie ndụ m." <ref name="Elle2006"/> "Okpukpe ya [malitere] ibelata" mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise mgbe o mere ihe nkiri dị ka onye ntorobịa nwere gonorrhea na akpịrị na ihe omume 1996 nke usoro telivishọn ''Chicago Hope'' . Ndị enyi ya nọ na chọọchị meghachiri omume n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma maka ọrụ ya, na-eme ka ọ kwụsị inwe okwukwe na chọọchị ahụ. <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|author=Jessica Alba|url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography|title=Jessica Alba Biography|work=People|accessdate=September 2, 2009}}</ref> Ma, o kwuru na ya ka jisi okwukwe ya ike na Chineke n’agbanyeghị na ọ hapụrụ chọọchị ahụ. <ref name="new">{{Cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Sept_10/ai_78019584|title=Glamour's October Cover Girl – Dark Angel Jessica Alba Reveals Her Obsessions, Love, and God – p.256; October issue on newsstands Sept. 11, 2001|work=Glamour Magazine|accessdate=May 18, 2008|year=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528000712/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Sept_10/ai_78019584|archivedate=May 28, 2008}}</ref> Mgbe a na-emeputa ihe nkiri ''Angel Dark'' na January 2000, Alba malitere mmekọrịta afọ atọ ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya Michael Weatherly . Weatherly gwara Alba ka ọ lụọ ya n'ụbọchị ncheta ọmụmụ nke iri abụọ ya, nke ọ nabatara. <ref name="indalba"/> N'August 2003, Alba na Weatherly kwupụtara na ha akwụsịla mmekọrịta ha. <ref name="peoplebio"/> Na July 2007, Alba kwuru banyere nkewa ahụ, na-ekwu, "Amaghị m [ihe mere m ji tinye aka]. Abụ m nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke. O ji afọ iri na abụọ wee tọọ m. Echere m na ọ maara nke ọma karị. Obi adịghị ndị mụrụ m ụtọ. Ha bụ ndị okpukpe n'ezie. Ha kwenyere na Chineke agaghị ekwe ka e dee Bible ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe ha kwesịrị ikwere. Adị m nnọọ iche." <ref name="starpulse">{{Cite web|url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/07/11/jessica_alba_s_parental_relationship_was/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713223603/http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/07/11/jessica_alba_s_parental_relationship_was|archivedate=July 13, 2007|title=Jessica Alba's Parental Relationship Was Strained By Engagement|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=Starpulse|date=July 11, 2007}}</ref> Alba zutere Cash Warren, nwa nwoke omee Michael Warren, mgbe ọ na-emeputa ihe nkiri ''Fantastic Four'' na 2004. <ref name="peopleengaged">{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/celebrity/jessica-alba-engaged/|title=Jessica Alba Engaged!|author=Jordan|first=Julie|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=December 27, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="eonline">{{Cite web|author=Finn|first=Natalie|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=fd542a5d-6126-4059-ab62-9df839abe451&sid=fd-news|title=Jessica Alba Engaged!|accessdate=April 23, 2008|work=[[E!]] Online|date=December 27, 2007}}</ref> Di na nwunye a lụrụ na Los Angeles na Mee 2008. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://socialitelife.celebuzz.com/2008/05/20/breaking_jessica_alba_married.php|title=Jessica Alba Marries Cash Warren|work=A Socialite's Life|date=May 20, 2008|archive-date=May 27, 2008|access-date=April 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527034616/http://socialitelife.celebuzz.com/2008/05/20/breaking_jessica_alba_married.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20201377,00.html|title=Jessica Alba Gets Married to Cash Warren!|author=Jordan|first=Julie|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=May 20, 2008|access-date=April 1, 2022|archive-date=June 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621183434/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20201377,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ha nwere ụmụ atọ: ụmụ nwanyị Honor Marie, a mụrụ na June 2008, <ref name="Jessica Alba Welcomes Baby Girl">{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/celebrity/jessica-alba-gets-married-to-cash-warren/|title=Jessica Alba Welcomes a Baby Girl|accessdate=June 7, 2008|work=People|date=June 7, 2008}}</ref> na Haven Garner a mụrụ na August 2011, <ref>[http://www.usmagazine.com/momsbabies/news/jessica-alba-gives-birth-to-daughter-haven-garner-2011148 "Jessica Alba Gives Birth to Daughter Haven Garner!"] August 14, 2011 US Magazine</ref> na nwa nwoke, Hayes, a mụrụ na December 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.com/babies/jessica-alba-cash-warren-welcome-third-child-son-hayes/|work=People|title=Jessica Alba and Cash Warren Welcome Son Hayes Alba|author=Juneau, Jen|date=January 1, 2018|accessdate=January 1, 2018}}</ref> Foto mbụ nke ada ya, bụ́ ndị dị na mbiputa nke ''OK!'' na Julaị 2008 ka a na-akọ na ọ wetaara Alba otu nde dọla na ọkara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/top-ten-most-expensive-baby-photos_gallery_1458/image_77021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723143059/http://www.accesshollywood.com/top-ten-most-expensive-baby-photos_gallery_1458/image_77021|archivedate=July 23, 2010|title=Top Ten Most Expensive Baby Photos|work=Access Hollywood|accessdate=September 2, 2009}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Alba pụtara na usoro oro ọmụmụ nke Henry Louis Gaa kpọrọ tes ''Ịchọta mgbọrọgwụ gị'', ''e kw''e''ru na u''be usoro ọmụmụ ya sitere na mmepeanya oge ochie nke Maya . <ref>{{Cite web|work=Mnn.com|url=http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/finding-your-roots-fills-the-gaps-of-the-family-tree|title='Finding Your Roots' fills the gaps of the family tree|first=Gerri|author=Miller|date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> Nchọpụta ihe nkiri ahụ gosiri na aha nna ya eketaghị onye Spen, ebe ọ bụ na nna nna ya kpọmkwem (Y-DNA) bụ Haplogroup Q-M3, bụ onye amaala . Aheal nna ya ( mtDNA ) bụ onye [[Jew|Juu]] wee kpughee na onye ọka iwu Alan Dershowitz bụ onywu eta ya. Mgbakwụnye nke Alba zuru ụwa ọn:ụpasent iri asaa na atọ bu nke sị Yuropupeebe pasent iri iri abụọ na abụọ si obodo ọwụwa anyanwụ AsiaEsia na Ameicpasent abụọ,si 2% Sub-Saharan Africpasent00.1 si .3% Middle Eastern na North Afripasent00.1 sikwa .1% South Asiapasent2abụọ na ọkara nke ọzọ bu nke na-enweghi ebe a gụnyere ya gwu". <ref>''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', PBS, November 25, 2014</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |1994 |''Camp Nowhere'' |Gail |Film debut |- |1995 |''Venus Rising'' |Young Eve | |- | rowspan="3" |1999 |''P.U.N.K.S.'' |Samantha Swoboda | |- |''Never Been Kissed'' |Kirsten Liosis | |- |''Idle Hands'' |Molly | |- |2000 |''Paranoid'' |Chloe | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''The Sleeping Dictionary'' |Selima | |- |''Honey'' |Honey Daniels | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Sin City'' |Nancy Callahan | |- |''Fantastic Four'' |Sue Storm / Invisible Woman | |- |''Into the Blue'' |Sam | |- | rowspan="6" |2007 |''The Ten'' |Liz Anne Blazer | |- |''Knocked Up'' |Herself |Uncredited cameo |- |''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'' |Sue Storm / Invisible Woman | |- |''Good Luck Chuck'' |Cam Wexler | |- |''Meet Bill'' |Lucy | |- |''Awake'' |Sam Lockwood | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 |''The Eye'' |Sydney Wells | |- |''The Love Guru'' |Jane Bullard | |- | rowspan="6" |2010 |''The Killer Inside Me'' |Joyce Lakeland | |- |''Valentine's Day'' |Morley Clarkson | |- | rowspan="2" |''Machete'' |Special Agent Sartana Rivera | |- |Marissa Rivera |Deleted scene |- |''An Invisible Sign'' |Mona Gray | |- |''Little Fockers'' |Andi Garcia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Laura Dern at head of 'Fockers' class|first=Borys|author=Kit|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i41da967fff242c955e14838a6344870d|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[e5 Global Media]]|date=October 18, 2009|accessdate=August 2, 2010|archive-date=January 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110121759/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i41da967fff242c955e14838a6344870d|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Jessica Alba becomes a 'Little Focker'|first=Steven|author=Zeitchik|url=http://riskybusiness.hollywoodreporter.com/2009/09/29/jessica-alba-little-fockers/|work=Risky Business at [[The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[e5 Global Media]]|date=September 29, 2009|accessdate=August 2, 2010}}</ref> | |- |2011 |''Spy Kids: All the Time in the World'' |Marissa Wilson | |- |2012 |''Martin Scorsese Eats a Cookie'' |Herself | |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |''A.C.O.D.'' |Michelle | |- |''Escape from Planet Earth'' |Lena (voice) | |- |''Machete Kills'' |Sartana |Uncredited cameo |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |''Sin City: A Dame to Kill For'' |Nancy Callahan | |- |''Stretch'' |Charlie | |- |''Some Kind of Beautiful'' |Kate | |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Barely Lethal'' |Victoria Knox | |- |''Entourage'' |Herself |Cameo |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''The Veil'' |Maggie Price | |- |''Dear Eleanor'' |Daisy | |- |''Mechanic: Resurrection'' |Gina | |- |2017 |''El Camino Christmas'' |Beth Flowers | |- |2019 |''Killers Anonymous'' |Jade | |- |2022 |''Trigger Warning'' |TBA | |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 1994 | ''Ụwa nzuzo nke Alex Mack'' | Jessica | Akụkụ 3 |- | 1995–1997 | ''Flipper'' | Maya Graham | Mgbe niile |- | rowspan="2" | 1996 | ''ABC Afterschool Special'' | Christy | Ihe omume: "N'oge na-adịghị anya maka Jeff" |- | ''Chicago Hope'' | Florie Hernandez | Ihe omume: "Mmekọahụ mmekọahụ na Chicago Hope" |- | rowspan="3" | 1998 | ''Brooklyn South'' | Melissa Hauer | Ihe omume: "Exposing Johnson" |- | ''Beverly Hills, 90210'' | Leanne | Akụkụ 2 |- | ''Ụgbọ mmiri ịhụnanya: Ebili na-abịa'' | Layla | Ihe omume: "Cheta?" |- | 2000-2002 | ''Angel gbara ọchịchịrị'' | Max Guevara / X5-452 | Ọrụ ndu (ngalaba 42) |- | 2003 | ''MADtv'' | Jessica Simpson | Ihe omume: "Mmemme #9.5" |- | 2004 | ''Ntugharị'' | rowspan="2" | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "Nlebanya ahụ" |- | 2005 | ''Trippin''' | Akụkụ 2 |- | 2009 | ''Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ'' | Sophie | Ihe omume: " Enyemaka Nchegbu " |- | 2010 | ''Ụzọ ụgbọ elu Project'' | Onwe ya (onye ọka ikpe ọbịa) | Ihe omume: "Tinye nnukwu nrụgide" |- | 2013 | ''Egwuregwu egwu egwu!'' ''Bang!'' | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "Jessica Alba yi uwe mwụda nwere nfuli akpụkpọ anụ patent" |- | 2014 | ''Ihe-nkwata nke Babilọn'' | Dixie Mellonworth | Ihe ngosi 4 |- | 2015 | ''Ọsọ Drag nke RuPaul'' | Onwe ya (onye ọka ikpe ọbịa) | Nkeji: "Egwu! (N'ebe ahụ)" |- | 2017 | ''Planet nke ngwa'' | rowspan="2" | Onwe ya | Onye ndu |- | 2018 | ''Enweghị mmemme'' | Ihe omume: "Onye na-eme ihe nkiri" |- | 2019-2020 | ''Ọnụahịa kasị elu nke LA'' | Nancy McKenna | Isi ọrụ |} === Vidio egwu === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Onye omenkà ! Ọrụ |- | 2008 | "Anyị bụ ndị" | aga.am | Onwe ya |- | 2010 | " M nwere mmekọahụ " | Lonely Island | Mmasị ịhụnanya nke Jorma Taccone |- | 2015 | " Ọbara ọjọọ " | Taylor Swift na-egosi Kendrick Lamar | Domino |- |} === Egwuregwu vidiyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 2002 | ''Angel gbara ọchịchịrị'' | Max Guevara <ref name="VGSource">{{Cite web|url=http://www.popsugar.com/tech/Jessica-Alba-Talks-About-Being-Video-Game-Character-319677#photo-319677|title=Jessica Alba Talks About Being A Video Game Character|author=TECH|date=June 18, 2007|accessdate=December 22, 2015}}</ref> | Dabere na usoro TV nke otu aha ahụ |- | 2005 | ''Fantastic anọ'' | Sue Storm / Nwanyị a na-adịghị ahụ anya <ref name="VGSource" /> | Dabere na ihe nkiri nke otu aha ahụ |} == Ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! Ọrụ ahọpụtara ! Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="3" | 2001 | Ihe nrite ALMA <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latingossip.com/awards-shows/the-2011-alma-award-winners.html|title=The 2011 ALMA Award Winners|work=latingossip.com|date=September 12, 2011|accessdate=September 10, 2012|archivedate=April 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406082803/http://www.latingossip.com/awards-shows/the-2011-alma-award-winners.html}}</ref> | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke afọ | - | {{Won}} |- | Onyinye Nhọrọ Ndị Mmadụ | Onye na-eme ihe omume nwanyị ọkacha mmasị na usoro TV ọhụrụ | rowspan="3" | ''Angel gbara ọchịchịrị'' | rowspan=3 {{Nom}} |- | Golden Globe Awards | Ọrụ kacha mma nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri na usoro ihe nkiri TV - Ihe nkiri |- | 2002 | Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards | Dike ihe omume nwanyị masịrị |- | 2005 | Ihe nrite Hollywood na-eto eto | Superstar nke Echi | - | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 | Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ọkacha mmasị | ''Fantastic anọ'' | rowspan=3 {{Nom}} |- | Golden Raspberry Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha njọ | ''Fantastic anọ'' / ''banye na-acha anụnụ anụnụ'' |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | Ihe nrite TV Land | Obere ihuenyo / nnukwu ihuenyo ihuenyo (ụmụ nwanyị) | rowspan="2" | - |- | Spike TV Guys Choice Awards | Jessica kacha mma | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" | 2008 | rowspan="2" | Golden Raspberry Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha njọ | ''Teta'' / ''Ọma Chuck'' / ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'' |rowspan=4 {{Nom}} |- | Di na nwunye ihuenyo kacha njọ | Teta ''/'' Ọma Chuck / Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer ''( <small>nke ya na Hayden Christensen, Dane Cook na Ioan Gruffud kesara</small> )'' |- | rowspan="2" | Onyinye Nhọrọ Ndị Mmadụ | Kpakpando omume nwanyị ọkacha mmasị | rowspan="2" | - |- | Nwanyị ndu ọkacha mmasị |- | Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards | Kpakpando ihe nkiri nwanyị ọkacha mmasị | ''Fantastic 4: Bilie nke Surfer Silver'' | {{Won}} |- | 2009 | rowspan="2" | Golden Raspberry Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha njọ | ''The Anya'' / ''The Love Guru'' |{{Nom}} |- | 2011 | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado kacha njọ | ''Onye na-egbu egbu n'ime m'' / ''obere'' ndị na-egbu egbu / ''Machete'' / ''ụbọchị Valentine'' |{{Won}} |- | 2012 | Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards | Buttkicker ọkacha mmasị | ''Nledo ụmụaka: oge niile n'ụwa na 4D'' |rowspan=2 {{Nom}} |- | 2019 | Teen Choice Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri TV Choice Action | ''Ọnụahịa kasị elu nke LA'' |} == Ebensidee == == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|4695}} * Jessica Alba at AllMovie * Jessica Alba at People.com * Jessica Alba on Instagram [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pdclbeufnjbxg5g6nomqg0e4zezk27k 0 12584 727757 721513 2026-09-25T00:00:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Harriet Green''' OBE (amụrụ ya na abalị iri na abuo na onwa nke iri na abuo na afo 1961) bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego Britain, onye bụ onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke IBM Asia Pacific, ma buru ụzọ duru ngalaba azụmaahịa IBM atọ: ịntanetị nke ihe, ntinye aka ndị ahịa na azụmaahịa agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Thomas Cook Group site na Julaị 2012 ruo Nọvemba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Harriet Green OBE|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01qj7jd/profiles/harriet-green|publisher=BBC Radio 4|access-date=2022-04-01|archive-date=2014-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305123133/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01qj7jd/profiles/harriet-green|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mbido Ndụ == Harriet Green mụrụ na 12 Disemba 1961 na Cheltenham, England nye Dermot Green na Nerys Allen. <ref name="Who's Who 2015">{{Cite web|title=GREEN, Harriet|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U246185|work=Who's Who 2015|publisher=A & C Black|accessdate=12 December 2014|date=October 2014}}</ref> Ọ tolitere na Shipton, Gloucestershire, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Cheltenham, na Cotswolds . Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Westwood's Grammar School na Northleach . <ref name="Gloucester News Centre - Thomas Cook CEO Harriet Green from Cheltenham named Business Woman of the Year">{{Cite news|title=Thomas Cook CEO Harriet Green from Cheltenham named Business Woman of the Year|url=http://gloucesternewscentre.co.uk/thomas-cook-ceo-harriet-green-from-cheltenham-named-business-woman-of-the-year/|accessdate=12 December 2014|work=Gloucester News Centre|date=13 May 2014|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124195628/http://gloucesternewscentre.co.uk/thomas-cook-ceo-harriet-green-from-cheltenham-named-business-woman-of-the-year/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ochie na King's College London, wee gụchaa nzere bachelọ na 1983. <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.europeanceo.com/profiles/harriet-green-thomas-cook/|title=Harriet Green {{!}} Thomas Cook|accessdate=2018-01-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara Business Psychology na London School of Economics, <ref name=":2" /> gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1985. <ref name="Who's Who 2015" /> == Ọrụ == Green rụrụ ọrụ mmalite ya na ụlọ ọrụ akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị, na-arụ ọrụ na Europe, United States na Eshia. Ọ bụ onye isi njikwa nke Macro Group, wee họpụta ya onye isi oche nke mpaghara Asia/Pacific nke Arrow Electronics site na afo 2002 ruo na afọ 2006. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Premier Farnell, azụmahịa nkesa ngwá electronic zuru ụwa ọnụ, site na 2006 ruo 2012. <ref name="Who's Who 2015" /> Ọ ghọrọ CEO nke Thomas Cook Group na abalị iri atọ na ọnwa asaá na afọ 2012, nọchiri Manny Fontenla-Novoa onye bụ onye isi ala site na 2003. O nwetara ọnọdụ a site na oyi na-atụ onye isi oche Frank Meysman . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Armitstead|first=Louise|title=Thomas Cook boss Harriet Green got job by cold-calling chairman|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/10139664/Thomas-Cook-boss-Harriet-Green-got-job-by-cold-calling-chairman.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=30 July 2013|date=25 June 2013}}</ref> N'oge ya dị ka CEO, Green nyere aka itolite ahịa Thomas Cook Group nke sitere na £ 148m ruo ihe karịrị £ 2bn wee nyere aka ịbawanye ọnụ ahịa ụlọ ọrụ 829pc. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.computerweekly.com/news/450280673/Executive-interview-Harriet-Green-IBMs-internet-of-things-chief|title=Executive interview: Harriet Green, IBM's internet of things chief|work=Computer Weekly|language=en-GB|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/11256727/More-than-350m-wiped-off-Thomas-Cook-after-chief-Harriet-Green-steps-down.html|title=More than £350m wiped off Thomas Cook after chief Harriet Green steps down|work=The Daily Telegraph|language=en|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> Na Onwa Nọvemba na afọ 2014, a mara ọkwa na Green na-ahapụ ozugbo, na Peter Fankhauser, COO ga-eweghara dị ka CEO. <ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news|author=Farrell|first=Sean|title=Thomas Cook shares crash amid shock departure of Harriet Green|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/26/thomas-cook-chief-harriet-green-shock-departure|accessdate=26 November 2014|work=The Guardian|date=26 November 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Thomas Cook chief resigns saying her work 'is complete'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-30205558|work=BBC|accessdate=26 November 2014}}</ref> N'ịgbasa ọkwa ọpụpụ Green, ọnụ ahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbadara karịa £350m. <ref name=":0" /> N'agbanyeghị ọnwụ nke Christianne na Robert Shepherd mere na 2006 tupu a họpụta ya, Green kwupụtara na June 2015 na ọ na-enye otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke £ 5.7m Thomas Cook bonus, £ 1.9m, na ọrụ ebere nke nne na nna ụmụ abụọ họpụtara. onye nwuru mgbe o na ezumike. Ndị na-ahụ maka nyocha katọrọ otu a nke ukwuu na nyocha 2015 - nke kpebiri na egburu di na nwunye ahụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị site na nsi carbon monoxide na Corfu na 2006 - maka ọgwụgwọ ya na ezinụlọ, nke gụnyere oge nke Green. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-33330464|title=Ex-Thomas Cook boss confirms bonus donation over Corfu deaths – BBC News|work=BBC|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba na afo 2019, ndị omeiwu na-ege ntị na mkpesa ndị omeiwu enweghị ntinye na-adịghị mma na oge ya dị ka CEO wee kwuo na mgbake Thomas Cook nwere ike ịga n'ihu ma ọ bụrụ na ekwere ya ka ọ mechaa mgbanwe ọ malitere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/365/business-energy-and-industrial-strategy-committee/news/97389/former-ceos-appear-before-business-committee-thomas-cook-inquiry/}}</ref> IBM họpụtara Green ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ngalaba azụmahịa 'IBM Watson Internet of Things' na onwa Disemba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47660.wss|title=IBM Launches New Internet of Things and Education Business Units - Harriet Green Joins IBM as Vice President and General Manager|work=IBM|accessdate=25 September 2019|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925131329/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47660.wss|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2016/01/29/new-ibm-watson-chief-david-kenny-talks-his-plans-for-ai-as-a-service-and-the-weather-company-sale/|title=New IBM Watson Chief David Kenny Talks His Plans For 'AI As A Service' And The Weather Company Sale|work=Forbes|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/12101962/Ex-Thomas-Cook-boss-Harriet-Green-received-6.3m-in-2015-despite-only-working-two-months.html|title=Ex-Thomas Cook boss Harriet Green received £6.3m in 2015 despite only working two months|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=15 January 2016|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dabeere na Armonk, NY. <ref name="Forbes India">{{Cite web|author=Ghosh|first=Debojyoti|title=Everyone in IBM understands their part in a cognitive future: Harriet Green|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/special/everyone-in-ibm-understands-their-part-in-a-cognitive-future-harriet-green/43745/1|work=Forbes India|accessdate=19 July 2016|archivedate=17 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717123613/http://forbesindia.com/article/special/everyone-in-ibm-understands-their-part-in-a-cognitive-future-harriet-green/43745/1}}</ref> Dị ka onye isi njikwa nke Njikọ Ndị Ahịa Watson, Watson 'Internet of Things and Education' na IBM, Green bụ onye na-ahụ maka ịkwọ ụgbọala na-eduga ọganihu ọhụrụ, dị ka IBM si kwuo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Harriet Green|url=https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/author/harriet-green/|publisher=IBM|accessdate=2 July 2020}}</ref> Green mezuru afọ itoolu ya na-abụghị onye isi nchịkwa nke BAE Systems . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/biography/51721.wss|title=IBM News room - Harriet Green - General Manager, Watson Internet of Things, Customer Engagement & Education, IBM - United States|date=3 March 2017|work=www-03.ibm.com|accessdate=21 January 2018|archive-date=5 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305053307/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/biography/51721.wss|url-status=dead}}</ref> Edepụtara ya afọ atọ n'usoro kemgbe 2017 na "Heroes Women Role List List - Champions of Women in Business". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.finance.yahoo.com/news/heroes-ibm-asia-pacific-ceo-harriet-green-070041440.html|title=How this IBM boss is encouraging staff to bring '150% of themselves' to work|work=in.finance.yahoo.com}}</ref> Na 2016, Green meriri nturu ugo Women in Technology Institute, ma webata ya na Women in Technology Hall of Fame. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/8KSXQQRHBkYW4XEWsjlLXM/Ticket-to-rhyme.html|title=How to be an alpha woman in technology|author=Kohli|first=Diya|date=2018-03-09|work=LiveMint|accessdate=2018-03-26}}</ref> Na 2017, ''Ụlọ ọrụ ngwa ngwa'' aha ya bụ Green otu n'ime 100 Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na azụmahịa maka ọrụ ya na-eme ka azụmahịa mara ike na ikike nke IBM Watson . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/person/harriet-green|title=Harriet Green, Most Creative People 2017 {{!}} Fast Company|work=Fast Company|accessdate=2018-03-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Na February 2019, a họpụtara Green ka ọ bụrụ onye otu bọọdụ na Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) wee mezue oge ya na Jenụwarị 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/ibm-asia-pacific-ceo-appointed-to-edb-board-among-changes-announced|title=IBM Asia Pacific CEO appointed to EDB board, among changes announced|work=www.straitstimes.com|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019, edepụtara ya #30 na ndepụta mba ụwa kachasị ike nke Fortune. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/most-powerful-women-international/2020/|title=Most Powerful Women International|work=Fortune}}</ref> Na 2019, LinkedIn ghọtara ya dị ka onye na-emetụta LinkedIn, na 2020 ekwuputara ya dị ka LinkedIn Top Voice. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/linkedin-top-voices-2020-uk-influencers-emily-spaven|title=LinkedIn Top Voices 2020: UK Influencers|work=www.linkedin.com}}</ref> Kemgbe 2015, Green nọ ọdụ na Kings Business School Advisory Board, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/about/advisory-council-members/harriet-green|title=Harriet Green OBE &#124; King's Business School &#124; King's College London|work=www.kcl.ac.uk}}</ref> na 2020 ka akpọrọ onye isi oche nke Mission Beyond. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.missionbeyond.co.uk/leadership|title=Leadership|work=Mission Beyond}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ bi na Summertown, Oxford . <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/thomas-cooks-harriet-green-sleep-overrated/article/1228258|title=Thomas Cook's Harriet Green: 'Sleep is overrated'|accessdate=2018-01-19}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Graham Clarkson na afọ 2004 na Oxfordshire, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Barkas|first=Eric|title=Sitting comfortably in the boss's chair|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/business-news/sitting-comfortably-in-the-boss-s-chair-1-2381899|work=Yorkshire Post|accessdate=30 July 2013|date=8 August 2006}}</ref> ha mutakwara ụmụ abụọ toro eto. <ref name=":1" /> Green nwetara OBE na nkwanye ugwu ụbọchị ọmụmụ 2010 . Ọ bụ onye na-efe hatha yoga ma na-agụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ kwa izu, na-ekwu na itinye akwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ na-enye ụzọ mgbapụ na ntụrụndụ pụọ na azụmahịa. Green ekwuola na mbụ na ọ na-ehi ụra naanị ihe dị ka awa anọ kwa ụbọchị. Na ọnwa February na afọ 2013, a hụrụ ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ohu kachasị ike na United Kingdom site ''na awa nwanyị'' na BBC Radio 4 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qlvb/features/power-list-100|title=BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour – The Power List 2013|work=BBC|date=1 January 1970|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042233/http://thomascookgroup.com/directors Thomas Cook bio] * [https://harrietgreen.com/ Webụsaịtị gọọmentị] {{S-start}} {{S-bus}} {{S-bef|before=[[Sam Weihagen]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chief Executive of [[Thomas Cook Group]]|years=July 2012 – November 2014}} {{S-aft|after=[[Peter Fankhauser]]}} {{S-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rzjpj8bvj5zovehs93zc1rf6kw5z9ag 0 12607 727868 721864 2026-09-25T08:07:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 12 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Jessica Ann Johnson''' ( née '''Simpson''' ; amuru Julaị 10, 1980) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.today.com/entertainment/jessica-simpson-changes-bathing-suit-new-last-name-1D79929858|title=Jessica Simpson changes into bathing suit — and new last name|first=Kurt|author=Schlosser|date=July 15, 2014|publisher=Today Entertainment}}</ref> bụ onye America na-agụ egwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nwanyị ọchụnta ego na onye mmebe ejiji. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ na ukwe ụka mgbe ọ bụ nwata, Simpson bịanyere aka n'ụlọọrụ mmepụta egwu, Columbia Records na 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa. Usoro egwu mbụ ya a kpọrọ, ''Sweet Kisses'' (1999), rere ihe rụrụ nde abụọ na United States wee hụ ọganihu azụmahịa nke egwu " I Wanna Love You Forever". Simpson nakweere ihe onyonyo tozuru oke maka usoro egwu nke abụọ ya ọ kpọrọ, ''Irresistible'' (2001), egwu ahụ ghọrọ ntinye nke abụọ ya n'egwu iri abụọ kacha ewu ewu na <i id="mwHQ">Billboard</i> Hot 100, ebe ndị ụlọ ọrụ Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) nyere usoro egwu akwụkwọ ikike ọla edo . ''In this Skin'' (2003), usoro egwu nke atọ nke Simpson, rere nde atọ na United States. N'oge ọrụ mbụ ya, a bịara mara Simpson maka mmekọrịta ya na alụmdi na nwunye ya na [[Nick Lachey]], bụ onye ọ pụtara n'usoro telivishọn nke ụlọ ọrụ MTV a kpọrọ ''Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica'' n'etiti 2003 na 2005. Site na mwepụta nke usoro egwu ekeresimesi mbụ ya ''ReJoyce: usoro egwu ekeresimesi'' (2004), nke nwetara ọla edo, Simpson mere mpụta ihe nkiri ya dị ka Daisy Duke na ''The Dukes of Hazzard'' (2005), nke ọ gughariri egwu nke "The Boots Are Made for Walkin" maka ụda egwu ihe nkiri ahụ. Na 2006, o wepụtara usoro egwu ya nke ise ''A Public Affair'' wee pụta n'ihe nkiri ihunanya a kpọrọ ''Employee of the Month'' . Site na mwepụta nke usoro egwu ya nke isii a kpọrọ ''Do You Know'' (2008), Simpson kwagara n'ụdị egwu obodo . Ewezuga egwu ya, Simpson weputara mkpokọta Jessica Simpson na 2005, ụlọ ọrụ ejiji nakwa ihe ndị ọzọ. Akara ahụ gara n'ihu na-enweta ego karịrị otu ijeri dọla. Ọ gbakwara ama na usoro ihe onyonyo nke a kpọrọ ''The Price of Beauty'' na 2010, ọ bụkwa onye ọka ikpe na oge abụọ nke ihe nkiri Fashion ''Star'' n'etiti 2012 na 2013, wee bipụta ihe ncheta na 2020, ''Open Book'', nke ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ na ndeputa <nowiki><i id="mwPQ">The New York Times</i></nowiki> Best Seller na-ere ihe karịrị pụkụ iri ise na itoolu n'ime izu mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/financial-reporting/article/82454-unit-sales-down-3-2-in-early-february.html|title=Unit Sales Down 3.2% in Early February}}</ref> Simpson lụrụ Eric Johnson, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ atọ. == Ndụ na ọrụ == === 1980–1998: Oge nwata na mmalite ọrụ === A mụrụ Simpson na July 10, 1980, na Abilene, Texas . <ref name="biography">{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/jessica-simpson-biography|title=Jessica Simpson Biography|accessdate=March 8, 2020|work=Fox News|date=March 25, 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa mbụ nke Tina Ann Simpson (née Drew), onye na-edozi ụlọ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1696175/jessica-simpson-parents-divorce-joe-tina/|title=Jessica Simpson's Parents Joe And Tina File For Divorce|work=Mtv.com|accessdate=June 17, 2016|archivedate=August 22, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822165136/http://www.mtv.com/news/1696175/jessica-simpson-parents-divorce-joe-tina/}}</ref> na Joseph Simpson, onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na onye ozizi ntorobịa n'ụlọ ụka Baptist .  Nne na Nna Simpson lụrụ na 1978; ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2012/10/25/jessica-simpson-parents-divorcing-gay-rumors/|title=Source: Jessica Simpson's parents had 'marriage of convenience' for some time|first=Hollie|author=McKay|publisher=Fox News Channel|accessdate=September 13, 2014|archive-date=September 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085510/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2012/10/25/jessica-simpson-parents-divorcing-gay-rumors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/celebrity/joe-simpson-divorces-tina-simpson-amid-gay-rumors/|title=Joe and Tina Simpson File for Divorce While Rumors Circulate|work=People|accessdate=February 13, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/celebrity/joe-simpson-tina-simpson-divorce-finalized/|title=Joe Simpson Tina Simpson Divorce Finalized|work=People|date=April 25, 2013|accessdate=February 13, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/jessica-simpson-parents-finalize-divorce-34-years-marriage-article-1.1327654|title=Jessica Simpson's parents finalize divorce after 34 years of marriage|work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|date=April 25, 2013}}</ref> Simpson ekwuola na o tolitere na Dallas na Waco, mana ndị mụrụ ya bi ugbu a na McGregor, Texas . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://radiofree.com/profiles/jessica_simpson/interview01.shtml|title=Jessica Simpson Interviews|publisher=Radiofree.com|accessdate=October 4, 2012}}</ref> Simpson nwere nwanne nwanyị nke obere, Ashlee . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/8824399/Joe-Simpson-interview-Im-not-an-easy-person-to-be-with.html|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/8824399/Joe-Simpson-interview-Im-not-an-easy-person-to-be-with.html|archivedate=January 11, 2022|title=Joe Simpson interview: 'I'm not an easy person to be with'|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> N'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma ọ gara Amelia Middle School nwa oge mgbe nna ya mere mgbasa ozi na Cincinnati, Ohio . Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Texas ọnwa iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị JJ Pearce dị na Richardson n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, n'agbanyeghị na ọ kwụsịrị na 1997 ka ọrụ ya malitere ịmalite; Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, ọ nwetara GED ya site na mmụta dị anya na Texas Tech High School . <ref name="Ehigh">{{Cite web|title=Did Britney and Jessica go to high school?|first=Leslie|author=Gornstein|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/58270/did-britney-and-jessica-go-to-high-school|publisher=[[E!]]|date=March 11, 2007|accessdate=February 19, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/simpson_jessica/artist.jhtml#bio|title=Jessica Simpson &#124; Music Videos, News, Photos, Tour Dates, Ringtones, and Lyrics|publisher=MTV|accessdate=February 21, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228112330/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/simpson_jessica/artist.jhtml#bio|archivedate=February 28, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="foxnews">{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,197060,00.html?sPage=fnc/entertainment/celebrity/simpson|title=Jessica Simpson Biography|date=January 3, 2008|publisher=Fox News Channel|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archive-date=October 30, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030094723/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,197060,00.html?sPage=fnc%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrity%2Fsimpson|url-status=dead}}</ref> A zụlitere Simpson n'okwukwe [[Onye Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]], ma nna ya nyere ya mgbanaka ịdị ọcha mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jessicasimpsonweb.yaia.com/interviews.html|title=Jessica Simpson – Interviews, news, newspapers, magazines, radio, TV, internet|publisher=Jessicasimpsonweb.yaia.com|accessdate=October 4, 2012|archivedate=October 4, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004172838/http://jessicasimpsonweb.yaia.com/interviews.html}}</ref> Jessica na ezinụlọ ya kwagara ugboro ugboro n'ihi ọrụ nna ya dị ka onye ozi, n'agbanyeghị na ha nọgidere na Texas ọtụtụ afọ, ha bikwara na Midwest ruo afọ ole na ole. Ọ malitere ịbụ abụ n'òtù ukwe chọọchị mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, ọ rọrọ nrọ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ya dị ka onye na-agụ egwú mgbe ọ nọ na otu ememe chọọchị. Simpson tinyere akwụkwọ ma gaa ule maka ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ebe o mere ihe ngosiputa nke " Amazing Grace " na ịgba egwu " Ice Ice Baby " (1990). <ref name="vanityfair" /> Ọ gara n'ihu site n'ọtụtụ agba, ma emechara o soro na agba na-esote nke ikpeazụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ ya onwe ya na ndị na ndi ọzọ na-agu egwu dị ka Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, na Justin Timberlake . <ref name="vanityfair" /> Simpson kwuru na ụjọ tụrụ ya maka nlegharị anya ikpeazụ ya mgbe ọ hụchara ihe Aguilera na-eme, ma emechaghị họpụta ya maka ihe ngosi ahụ. <ref name="vanityfair" /> Simpson maliteghachiri ịsonye n'otu ndị na-ekwe ụkwe n'ụlọ ụka ya, n'ikpeazụ onye isi otu ndị na-emeputa egwu ndị Kraịst chọtara ya. <ref name="vanityfair" /> Ọ gwara ya na mbụ ka o mee ihe ngosiputa, ma emechara o were ya n'ọrụ ozugbo ọ gụchara " I Will Always Love You" (1973) nke Dolly Parton dere . <ref name="vanityfair" /> Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'usoro egwu mbụ ya n'ụlọ ọrụ Proclaim Records, wee malite njem nlegharị anya iji kwalite ọrụ ahụ. <ref name="vanityfair" /> Nna Jessica mechara kwuo na ya ga-akwụsị njem nlegharị anya n'ihi na oke ara ya mere ka a na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-ekwesighi iti ụdị egwu ahụ ọ na-eti. <ref name="vanityfair" /> Usoro egwu mbụ ya, ''Jessica'', bu nke a na-ewepụtaghị ewepụta mgbe Proclaim Records kwụsịrị ọrụ n'ihi nsogbu ego; n'agbanyeghị nke a, nne nne ya n'onwe ya kwadoro ka ewepụta obere n'ime usoro egwu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Kevin P.|author=Donovan|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/jessica-simpson-mulls-religious-studies-35765/|title=Jessica Simpson Mulls Religious Studies|work=[[The Christian Post]]|date=December 5, 2008|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/person/jessica-simpson/biography.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026172017/http://movies.yahoo.com/person/jessica-simpson/biography.html|archivedate=October 26, 2012|title=Jessica Simpson|work=[[Yahoo!]]|date=April 20, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2014}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị, Simpson nwetara ọtụtụ nyocha mgbe e zigara usoro egwu ahu ''Jessica'' n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emepụta egwu. N'ikpeazụ, ọ dọtara mmasị nke Tommy Mottola, di Mariah Carey na mgbe ahụ na onye isi Columbia Records . <ref name="vanityfair" /> Ọ gara n'ihu ịdebanye aha ya na label, na-ekwu na "O nwere ezigbo àgwà dị mma, ihu ọhụrụ ọhụrụ, na ihe dị iche karịa Britney na ha niile; ọ nwere ike ịbụ abụ n'ezie." <ref name="vanityfair" /> Simpson malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka usoro egwu mbụ ya na Orlando, Florida . <ref name="vanityfair" /> Mottola tụrụ anya ịme Simpson wuo ewuo n'ụzọ dị ịche n'ebe Spears na Aguilera nọ, bụ ndị ha abụọ malitere ọrụ na-aga nke ọma lekwasịrị anya n'ịgba egwu na mmekọahụ. <ref name="vanityfair" /> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mpụta egwu mbụ ya, Simpson debara aha nna ya Joe dị ka onye njikwa ya; nne ya ghọrọ onye ndozi ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-jessica-simpson|title=BIOGRAPHY: Jessica Simpson Lifetime|work=Lifetime UK|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202025301/http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-jessica-simpson|archivedate=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ n'otu oriri na ọṅụṅụ ekeresimeesi n'afo 1998, Simpson zutere otu onye na-aguru otu 98 Degrees egwú [[Nick Lachey]], ha abụọ malitere ịyị ọyị; Lachey kwuru na ya hapụrụ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ ma gwa nne ya na ya ga-alụ Simpson otu ụbọchị. <ref name="vanityfair" /> === 1999–2001: Ọganihu nke egwu mbụ === [[Usòrò:Jessica_Simpson_54th_Presidential_Inaugural_Opening_Celebration_2_cropped.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|238x238px| Simpson na Jenụwarị 2001, na nraranye mbụ nke George W. Bush]] Simpson malitere ịrụ ọrụ gbasara usoro egwu mbụ ya na 1998. Mottola chọrọ ka Simpson nabata ihe oyiyi "mgbochi mmekọahụ" mgbe ọ na-akwalite ụlọ ọrụ egwu ahụ, n'ụzọ dị ịche n'ihe ndị na-eti egwu na-aga nke ọma Britney Spears na Christina Aguilera . <ref name="anti-sex">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/sweet-kisses-mw0000247597|title=Jessica Simpson Sweet Kisses different album from the first Britney Spears's & Christina Aguilera's 1st album sur allmusic.com|work=AllMusic|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> O kwenyere na ihe onyonyo a ga-eme ka Simpson bụrụ onye ndị na-ege ntị “nwere ike ighọta nke ọma”, nke ga na-enyere aka n'ịre ahịa. <ref name="anti-sex" /> Simpson gara n'ihu kwupụta atụmatụ ya ịnọrọ onwe ya ruo mgbe ọ ga-alu di n'ihi mkpebi Mottola. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/fashion-takes-a-vow-of-chastity|publisher=Fox News Channel|title=Fashion Takes a Vow of Chastity|date=October 21, 2011}}</ref> Eweputara egwu mbụ ya nke aha ya bu " I Wanna Love You Forever" (1999), na Septemba 28. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Steffen|author=Hung|url=http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Jessica+Simpson&titel=I+Wanna+Love+You+Forever&cat=s|title=Jessica Simpson – I Wanna Love You Forever|publisher=australian-charts.com|accessdate=October 4, 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/fr/song/1048/Jessica-Simpson-I-Wanna-Love-You-Forever|title=Jessica Simpson – I Wanna Love You Forever|publisher=ultratop.be|accessdate=October 4, 2012}}</ref> Egwu ahụ ghọrọ nke gara nke ọma n'ọtụtụ ókèala, ọkachasị ruru ọnụọgụ atọ na <nowiki><i id="mwuQ">chaatị Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 na United States. <ref>[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jessica simpson|chart=all}} Search Results | Billboard],m Billboard.com</ref> Egwu ahụ nwetara asambodo platinum site n'aka ụlọọrụ Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) maka ire ahịa karịrị otu nde na mba ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=i|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085423/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=i|archivedate=September 6, 2014|title=Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – October 04, 2012|publisher=RIAA|accessdate=October 4, 2012}}</ref> Usoro egwu ahụ gakwara nke ọma na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị n'ọtụtụ mba Yuropu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/sweet-kisses-mw0000247597/awards|title=Sweet Kisses – Jessica Simpson : Awards|work=AllMusic|date=November 9, 1999|accessdate=October 4, 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-chart/20000416/7501/|title=2000-04-22 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=April 22, 2000|accessdate=October 4, 2012}}</ref> E wepụtara usoro egwu nke mbụ nke Simpson, ''Sweet Kisses'' (1999), na Nọvemba 23. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Jessica-Simpson-Sweet-Kisses/release/7012550|title=Jessica Simpson - Sweet Kisses (CD, Album) at Discogs|publisher=[[discogs]]|date=November 23, 1999|accessdate=November 3, 2016}}</ref> Usoro egwu ahụ rere pụkụ iri isii na ise n'izu mbụ nke mweputa ya, na-arụ ọrụ na ọnụọgụ iri isii na ise na <nowiki><i id="mwyQ">chaatị Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 na mba United States. Iji kwalite egwu ahụ, " Where You Are " (2000) ka ewepụtara dị ka egwu nke abụọ n'usoro egwu; E gosipụtara enyi nwoke Simpson [[Nick Lachey]] n'egwu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/304557/jessica-simpson/chart|title=Jessica Simpson Where You Are Single Charts|work=Billboard.com|accessdate=September 13, 2014|archivedate=September 6, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085636/http://www.billboard.com/artist/304557/jessica-simpson/chart}}</ref> " I Think I'm In Love With You " (2000) jere ozi dị ka egwu nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ na usoro egwu ahụ, wee nweta ihe ịga nke ọma na ókèala ndị dị ka United States. <ref name="billboard.com" /> Site na ọganihu nke egwu nke atọ n'usoro egwu ahu, ''Sweet Kisses'' bilitere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọhụrụ nke iri abụọ na ise na ''Billboard'' 200 n'August 2000. <ref name="billboard.com">[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jessica simpson|chart=all}} "Jessica Simpson &#x2013; Chart history"] [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] for Jessica Simpson</ref> Usoro egwu ahụ rere ihe karịrị nde abụọ na United States, na-enweta asambodo platinum okpukpu abụọ n'aka RIAA. <ref name="riaa"/> Simpson so ndị otu enyi ya nwoke, 98 Degrees malite njem a kpọrọ Heat It Up Tour, dị ka mmemme mmeghe ha iji kwalite ''Kisses Sweet'' n'ime 2000. <ref name="allmusic"/> Ọrụ iji weputa usoro egwu ya nke abụọ malitere n'afọ 2000, ọ họrọ ịdekọ ọtụtụ egwu nwere "mmekọrịta redio" na egwu ndị ọzọ maka ndekọ ahụ. N'oge mmepụta nke album ahụ, Simpson nakweere ọdịdị ọha na-eto eto karịa, mkpebi nke Simpson na ụlọ ọrụ egwu ya mere na-atụ anya inweta ihe ịga nke ọma nke ndị na-na agụ egwu dị ka Spears. <ref name="dougherty2" /> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'egwu ahụ, Simpson kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ya na Lachey iji lekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ọrụ ya; Ha abụọ ga-emecha mee ka ha dịghachi ná mma na Septemba. <ref name="allmusic"/> N'ajụjụ ọnụ July 2001 na ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Coventry'', Simpson kọwara "Edere m [ ''Sweet Kisses'' ] mgbe m dị afọ iri na asaa, ugbu a adim afọ iri abụọ na otu [ọnwa a] n'ihi ya enwere afọ anọ nke uto gụnyere." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-76387495|title=Go Rock: Pop Princess Jessica Is So Irresistible|date=July 6, 2001|work=Coventry Telegraph|author=Poole|first=Alan|accessdate=May 31, 2011}}</ref> Simpson weputara aha usoro egwu ahụ, " Iresistible " (2001) dị ka egwu sitere na ọrụ ahụ n'April. <ref name="UKSonyRelease">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.uk/uk/news.php?lang=eng|title=Sony Music UK News|publisher=Sony Music United Kingdom|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417020832/http://www.sonymusic.co.uk/uk/news.php?lang=eng|archivedate=April 17, 2001|accessdate=April 27, 2011}}</ref> Onye otu ahụ nwetara mmeghachi omume agwakọtara n'ozuzu ya site n'aka ndị nkatọ n'ihi na ọ nwere isiokwu mmekọahụ, <ref name="pio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pluggedin.com/music/albums/2001/jessicasimpson-irresistible.aspx|title=Irresistible – Album Reviews|work=[[Plugged In]]|publisher=[[Focus on the Family]]|author=Waliszewski|first=Bob|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yGA2mwEc?url=http://www.pluggedin.com/music/albums/2001/jessicasimpson-irresistible.aspx|archivedate=April 27, 2011|accessdate=June 1, 2011}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ọ gara n'ihu wee bụrụ nke abụọ ya kachasị elu nke iri abụọ na ''chaatị Billboard'' Hot 100. <ref name="uk1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/jessica%20simpson/|title=Jessica Simpson|publisher=[[The Official Charts Company]]|accessdate=June 2, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615163714/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/jessica%20simpson/|archivedate=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Simpson weputara usoro egwu ya nke abụọ, ''Irresistible'' (2001), na Mee. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson: Irresistible|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/irresistible-mw0000005408|work=AllMusic}}</ref> E rere ọnụ ọgụgụ pụkụ otu narị na iri abụọ na asaa n'ime ịzụ mbụ nke mpibuta usoro egwu ya na mba United States, na-arụ ọrụ na nọmba isii na ''chaatị Billboard'' 200. <ref name="Irresistible sales in US">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hitsdailydouble.com/news/newsPage.cgi?news02313m01|title=Staind, Radiohead and St. Lunatics All Score in the 200k Range, With Jessica Simpson at 125k-130k|work=Hits Daily Double|year=2001|accessdate=November 27, 2009|archivedate=September 5, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905050745/http://www.hitsdailydouble.com/news/newsPage.cgi?news02313m01}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ahịa nke izu mbụ nke album ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke mbọ ya gara aga, ''Iresistible'' emezughị ihe ịga nke ọma nke usoro egwu mbụ ya; ndekọ ahụ nwetara asambodo ọla edo site na RIAA maka ire usoro egwu ọhịa narị ise nke ebiputara.<ref name="riaa"/> " A Little Bit " (2001), egwu nke abụọ n'usoro egwu ahụ, enwetaghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Iji kwalite egwu ahụ, Simpson malitere dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Total Request Live Tour (2001), ya na ndị na-agu egwu dịka Destiny's Child na Nelly . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1443172/20010426/destinys_child.jhtml|title=Destiny's Child To Headline 'TRL' Roadshow|author=Moss|first=Corey|publisher=MTV. MTV Networks (Viacom)|date=April 26, 2001|accessdate=June 2, 2011|archivedate=February 20, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220233833/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1443172/20010426/destinys_child.jhtml}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445292/20010719/destinys_child.jhtml|title=Destiny's Child, Eve, Nelly Get The Kids Riled On 'TRL' Tour Opener|author=Reid|first=Shaheem|publisher=MTV|date=July 19, 2001|accessdate=June 2, 2011|archivedate=March 25, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325185449/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445292/20010719/destinys_child.jhtml}}</ref> O mechara hapụ njem ahụ iji malite njem DreamChaser nke ya (2001), nke Simpson gbakwunyere ndị na-agba egwu na arụmọrụ ya; A kagburu njegharị ahụ ka mwakpo Septemba 11 gasịrị . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Joe D'Angelo|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445057/20010710/simpson_jessica.jhtml|title=Jessica Simpson Plans Trek With Eden's Crush, Youngstown|publisher=MTV|date=July 10, 2001|accessdate=February 21, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427090156/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445057/20010710/simpson_jessica.jhtml|archivedate=April 27, 2010}}</ref> === 2002–2005: Alụmdi na nwunye ya na Nick Lachey na ọganihu dị elu === Simpson kwupụtara njikọ aka ya na [[Nick Lachey]] na February 2002, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_simpson/biography/|title=Jessica Simpson Biography - Will You Maui Me?|work=People|accessdate=July 6, 2013}}</ref> ha abụọ na-eme ememe agbamakwụkwọ ha na October 26 na Austin, Texas . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,625091,00.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429154053/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C26334%2C625091%2C00.html|archivedate=April 29, 2007|title=Lachey and Simpson Become Mr. and Mrs.|author=Silverman|first=Stephen M.|date=October 28, 2002|work=People|accessdate=August 7, 2008}}</ref> Simpson malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'usoro egwu nke atọ ya na 2002. Egwu ndu nke usoro a, " Sweetest Sin " (2003), kwuru nnọọ okwu banyere Simpson na itufu amaghị nwoke ya nye Lachey. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0640187/|title="Making the Video" Sweetest Sin/Shut Up (TV episode 2003)|date=July 8, 2003|work=IMDb|accessdate=February 13, 2011}}</ref> Egwu ahụ enwetaghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'azụmahịa. Nna Simpson turu aro nye MTV banyere ihe ngosi na-egosi di na nwunye ahụ, nke mere ka e kee usoro ihe omume televishọn a kpọrọ ''Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/19270/newlyweds-nick-jessica-the-final-season/|title=Newlyweds - Nick & Jessica - The Final Season : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video|publisher=Dvdtalk.com|accessdate=February 27, 2015}}</ref> Usoro nke mbụ ya lekwasịrị anya n'alụmdi na nwunye dị n'etiti [[Michael Jackson]] na Lisa Marie Presley, ọ bụ ezie na ha abụọ akwadozighi, nke meziri ka Simpson na Lachey dochie ha. Ihe ngosi a, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na alụmdi na nwunye nke di na nwunye a nakwa usoro egwu nke atọ nke Simpson, malitere na August 19, 2003. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=128187|title=Most Watched Newlyweds: Jessica and Nick|work=ABC News|accessdate=February 27, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/19290/newlyweds-nick-jessica-final-season/|title=Newlyweds - Nick & Jessica: Final Season : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video|publisher=Dvdtalk.com|accessdate=February 27, 2015}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ahụ ghọrọ ihe ọdịnala mara mma ozugbo, ọzọ kwa, ndị nkatọ nke ihe nkiri Simpson nyere aka mee ka di na nwunye ahụ bụrụ aha a kpu n'ọnụ n'ezinụlọ ọ bụla. <ref name="blender">Levy, Ariel (2004). </ref> Usoro a bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke nrịbama maka MTV, wee gbasaa ruo oge atọ ruo afọ 2005. <ref name="blender" /> [[Usòrò:Jessica_Simpson_2004.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Simpson na di ya bụ Nick Lachey na ihe nkiri mgbasa ozi maka MTV Video Music Awards na 2004]] <ref name="inthisskin">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/p/pop_stars_then/news_feature_012004/index3.jhtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040125031737/http://www.mtv.com/bands/p/pop_stars_then/news_feature_012004/index3.jhtml|archivedate=January 25, 2004|title=Girls 2 Women, Boys 2 Men: How Teen Pop Grew Up|publisher=MTV|date=March 9, 2006|accessdate=February 24, 2012}}</ref>E wepụtara usoro egwu nke atọ nke Simpson bu nke a kpọrọ "In This Skin" (2003), ụbọchị nke ihe nkiri "Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica" malitere, ihe ngosi ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka ngwa nkwado maka egwu ahu. 'In This Skin' rụrụ na nọmba iri na Billboard 200, e rere puku iri isii na anọ nke usoro egwu n'ime izu mbụ nke e weputara ya. Ọnụọgụ nke mmeghe nke usoro egwu ahụ bu nke kacha ala na ọrụ egwu Simpson n'oge ahụ. 'In This skin' jụrụ chaatị ahụ ngwa ngwa, ma ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004 erewo ihe karịrị pụkụ narị ise na iri isii na ise na mba United States.<ref name="inthisskin" /> Simpson wepụtara "With You" (2003) dị ka egwu nọọrọ onwe ya nke abụọ si n'usoro egwu ahu na October.<ref>{{Cite web|author=10/20/03|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1481131/jessica-nick-plan-duets-album.jhtml|title=Jessica And Nick Plan Duets Album, Say No To Sonny And Cher - Music, Celebrity, Artist News|publisher=MTV|date=December 17, 2003|accessdate=February 24, 2012|archivedate=June 29, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629205131/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1481131/jessica-nick-plan-duets-album.jhtml}}</ref> . Simpson pụtara na ihe ngosi ọkara oge nke Super Bowl XXXVIII. O dekọtara ihe ọhụrụ maka mwepụtaghachi nke In This Skin, nke ewepụtara na Maachị 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archambault.ca/jessica-simpson-in-this-skin-(reissue2tracks)-ACH001518983-en-pr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818115705/http://www.archambault.ca/jessica-simpson-in-this-skin-(reissue2tracks)-ACH001518983-en-pr|archivedate=August 18, 2016|title=In this skin (reissue+2tracks) : Jessica Simpson - Pop &#124; Archambault|publisher=Archambault.ca|date=March 9, 2004|accessdate=November 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Hira|first=Nadira A.|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1485465/jessica-simpsons-second-skin-stores.jhtml|title=New Releases: Jessica Simpson|publisher=MTV|date=March 1, 2004|accessdate=November 20, 2013|archivedate=February 9, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209055128/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1485465/jessica-simpsons-second-skin-stores.jhtml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chron.com/entertainment/article/Jessica-Simpson-OK-with-ditsy-blonde-label-1972628.php|title=Jessica Simpson OK with 'ditsy blonde' label|work=Houston Chronicle|date=July 12, 2004|accessdate=November 20, 2013}}</ref> Mwepụtaghachi ahụ nyere aka n'ụzọ dị egwu n'ire usoro egwu ahu; in This Skin gara n'ihu na-ere nde atọ na United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.today.com/id/30207205/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/jessica-simpsons-country-career-hits-sour-note/|date=April 4, 2009|title=Jessica Simpson's country career hits sour note|work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]|accessdate=April 3, 2022|archivedate=May 7, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507180614/http://www.today.com/id/30207205/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/jessica-simpsons-country-career-hits-sour-note/}}</ref> Ma "Take My Breath Away" (2004) na "Angels" (2004) ka ewepụtara dị ka egwu nọọrọ onwe ya n'usoro egwu ahu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hitsdailydouble.com/sales/archcht.cgi?cht884|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085742/http://www.hitsdailydouble.com/sales/archcht.cgi?cht884|archivedate=September 6, 2014|title=Previous Album Sales Chart|publisher=HITS Daily Double|accessdate=February 24, 2012}}</ref> Simpson na Lachey sonyere n'ihe ngosi nke ABC puru iche a kpọrọ ''The Nick na Jessica Variety Hour'' na Eprel, bụ nke gosipụtara ngosipụta ndị ama ama dịka Jewel na Mr. T, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. <ref name="Reality TV World">{{Cite web|title=ABC to air 'The Nick & Jessica Variety Hour' special on April 11|url=http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/abc-air-the-nick-%26-jessica-variety-hour-special-on-april-11-2403.php|work=Reality TV World|accessdate=March 23, 2004}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, ọ malitere Jessica Simpson Desserts nke ụlọọrụ ịchọ mma nke Jessica Simpson ya na Randi Shinder; Ngwaahịa niile dị n'ụlọ́ọrụ bụ ihe oriri. <ref name="dessert">{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sydneyscott/does-anyone-else-remember-jessica-simpsons-dessert-cosmetics|title=Jessica Simpson's Line Of Edible Cosmetics Was The Best Thing About The 2000s|work=Buzzfeed.com}}</ref> Simpson malitere njem nlegharị anya yaReality Tour (2004) na North America niile nke malitere na June; njem ahụ gara nke ọma nke ego, wee kwụsị n'October. N'oge a, Simpson na di ya malitere iputa n'ihe ngosi nke ''Ashlee Simpson Show'', nke a-egosi mmalite nke ọrụ egwu nwanne Jessica. <ref>[https://www.today.com/popculture/ashlee-simpson-out-jessica-s-shadow-wbna5736482 "Ashlee Simpson out of Jessica's shadow"], Associated Press (MSNBC), August 17, 2004.</ref> Usoro egwu nke anọ nke Simpson, bu nchịkọta egwu ekeresimesi akpọrọ ''ReJoyce: The Christmas Album'' (2004), ka ewepụtara na Nọvemba 23. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Friedman|first=Roger|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,327011,00.html|title=Jessica Simpson in Dolly Parton Duet?|publisher=Fox News Channel|accessdate=October 4, 2012|date=January 31, 2008|archive-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019091302/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,327011,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ndekọ ahụ ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ebe o nwetara ọnụọgụ nke iri na anọ na ''Billboard'' 200, ma ritekwa nrite ọla edo nke RIAA maka ire ahịa karịrị mbipụta pụkụ narị ise. Ọzọkwa na 2004, Simpson sere a sitcom pilot maka ABC, nke netwọk ahụ ewereghi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=ABC Rejects A Pop Idol's Sitcom Pilot|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/24/arts/abc-rejects-a-pop-idol-s-sitcom-pilot.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 29, 2020|date=May 24, 2004}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2005, Simpson na Shinder weputara ahịrị ịchọ mma nri Dessert Treats, dị ka ahịrị ha nke mbụ mana ezubere ya maka ndị na-ege ntị na-eto eto. A kagburu ahịrị abụọ ahụ ka usoro ikpe siri dị. <ref name="desserts">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/37714-whatever-happened-to-jessica-simpsons-dessert-beauty-line-a-bunch-of-lawsuits-apparently|title=Whatever Happened to Jessica Simpson's Dessert Beauty Line? A Bunch Of Lawsuits, Apparently|first=Tori|author=Telfer}}</ref> Simpson mere " The Star-Spangled Banner " na Indy 500 na 2005. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,696486,00.html|title=Jessica Simpson Nabs Daisy Duke Role|author=Silverman|first=Stephen M.|date=September 14, 2004|work=People|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164430/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,696486,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simpson weputara mkpokọta Jessica Simpson na 2005, na mbụ ya na Tarrant Apparel Group na-emekọrịta ihe iji weputa ahịrị uwe Jessica Simpson Princy na JS. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.racked.com/2015/9/30/9374859/jessica-simpson-collection-fashion-brand|title=Jessica Simpson, America's Retail Queen|first=Chavie|author=Lieber|date=September 30, 2015|work=Racked|accessdate=April 3, 2022|archivedate=June 18, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618195431/https://www.racked.com/2015/9/30/9374859/jessica-simpson-collection-fashion-brand}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ anọgidewo na-eto eto n'ime afọ niile, na 2014 a kọrọ na ọ na-enweta otu ijeri dọla n'ahịa kwa afọ. <ref name="FN Spy the Magazine: Jessica Simpson Soars">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wwd.com/footwear-news/business/fn-spy-the-magazine-jessica-simpson-soars-7477921?src=nl/fnalert/20140221|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321132018/http://www.wwd.com/footwear-news/business/fn-spy-the-magazine-jessica-simpson-soars-7477921?src=nl%2Ffnalert%2F20140221|archivedate=March 21, 2014|title=FN Spy the Magazine: Jessica Simpson Soars|work=Women's Wear Daily|date=February 18, 2014|accessdate=February 21, 2014|author=Henning, Kristen}}</ref> Simpson mere ihe nkiri mpụta mbụ ya dị ka Daisy Duke na mmegharị ihe nkiri nke ''Dukes of Hazzard'' (2005). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moviehole.net/news/20050915_6257.html|title=Johnny Knoxville interview for Dukes Of Hazzard|date=December 28, 2007|accessdate=March 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228033533/http://www.moviehole.net/news/20050915_6257.html|archivedate=December 28, 2007}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nlebanya na-adịghị mma n'ozuzu site n'aka ndị nkatọ ihe nkiri, ọ gara n'ihu na-enweta ihe karịrị nde otu narị na iri na otu n'ụwa nile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/month/?mo=08|title=Top August Opening Weekends at the Box Office|publisher=Boxofficemojo.com|accessdate=March 20, 2012}}</ref> Simpson dekọrọ egwu " These Boots Are Made for Walkin ' ' (2005) iji kwalite ihe nkiri ahụ; were ihe imaatua na-ekere òkè aha nke otú egwu Nancy Sinatra song. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/2006-01-11-peoples-choice-winners_x.htm|title=People's Choice Award winners|date=January 11, 2006|work=USA Today|accessdate=August 7, 2008}}</ref> Egwu ahụ batara na egwu iri abụọ kacha elu nke ''Billboard'' Hot 100, o wee buru otu egwu Simpson kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma ruo taa. Vidio egwu a, nke gosipụtara Simpson n'omume dị ka Daisy Duke, wetara arụmụka maka igosi Simpson na uwe "ikpughe" ahụ ya na ịsacha ụgbọ ala General Lee mgbe o yi uwe ikpughe ahụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/has-sienna-miller-found-love-bloom-wbna8669398|title=Has Sienna Miller found love in Bloom?|author=Walls|first=Jeannette|date=July 27, 2005|publisher=Today.com|accessdate=August 7, 2008}}</ref> Esemokwu a mere ka amachibidoro vidiyo egwu na mba ụfọdụ. Na Nọvemba 2005, Simpson na Lachey kwupụtara na ha na- ekewa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,1053559,00.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225082227/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C26334%2C1053559%2C00.html|archivedate=February 25, 2007|title=Nick Lachey, Jessica Simpson Split|date=November 25, 2005|work=People|accessdate=August 7, 2008}}</ref> Simpson gbara akwụkwọ maka ịgba alụkwaghịm na Disemba 2005, na-ekwu maka "ọdịiche na-enweghị ndozikwata." <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1142096,00.html|title=Jessica Simpson Files for Divorce|work=People|accessdate=July 6, 2014|date=December 16, 2005|archive-date=July 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210319/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1142096,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> E kwusara ịgba alụkwaghịm ha n'ụwa niile ma mechaa ya na June 30, 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-06-30-simpson-lachey_x.htm|title=Jessica Simpson, Lachey divorce final|date=June 30, 2006|work=USA Today|accessdate=August 7, 2008}}</ref> A kọrọ na ọ ga-akwụ Lachey nde dọla iri na abụọ na ịgba alụkwaghịm ha n'ihi na ọ bịanyeghị aka na nkwekọrịta maka alụmdi na nwunye tupu ha alụọ. <ref name="mirror6">{{Cite news|first=Zoe|author=Shenton|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/jessica-simpson-nick-lachey-at-6444326|title=Jessica Simpson and Nick Lachey 'at war' after it's revealed she 'paid him $12 million in divorce|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|publisher=[[Reach plc]]|date=September 15, 2015}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2015, Simpson kpọrọ alụmdi na nwunye ya na Lachey "nnukwu mmejọ ego". <ref name="mirror6" /> === 2006–2009: ''Ihe gbasara Ọha'', ihe nkiri na ''ị maara'' === Simpson malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka usoro egwu nke ise ya na 2005. E gosipụtara na March 2006 na ya na ụlọọrụ Columbia Record ekewala, bụ onye ya na ya nọ kemgbe mmalite nke ọrụ ya, ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ụlọọrụ egwu ọhụrụ s kpọrọ Epic Records . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.today.com/popculture/jessica-simpson-leaves-columbia-epic-1C9481334|title=Jessica Simpson leaves Columbia for Epic|work=Today.com}}</ref> Simpson na Ken Pavés weputara ahịrị ntutu na ngwaahịa ịchọ mma na netwọk ịzụ ahịa ụlọ na 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Simpson and Pavés Doing Hair|author=Edgar|first=Michelle|date=March 26, 2006|work=Women's Wear Daily}}</ref> Simpson wepụtara egwu ọhụrụ ya, " A Public Affair " (2006) na June 29. <ref name="cnet">{{Cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Yahoo+sells+Jessica+Simpson+single+sans+DRM/2100–1025_3-6096350.html|title=Yahoo sells Jessica Simpson single sans DRM|work=CNET|accessdate=July 27, 2006}}</ref> Egwu ahụ batara n'ọkwa nke iri abụọ na ''Billboard'' Hot 100, wee nweta asambodo ọla edo site na RIAA maka ire ahịa karịrị pụkụ narị ise na United States. <ref name="riaa">[https://www.riaa.com/?s=Jessica+Simpson Jessica Simpson] Recording Industry Association of America</ref> E wepụtara egwu ahụ, egwu nkewa ụbọchị tupu ịgba alụkwaghịm ya na Lachey agwụ. <ref name="cnet" /> Egwu a bu nke banyere n'isi iri nke Ụlọ Ahịa iTunes n'otu oge ahụ nke egwu " Invisible " (2006) banyere, nke a bu nke izizi egwu abụọ a gụkọrọ na-apụta n'otu oge na egwu iri kachasị n'ụlọ ahịa ahụ. [[Usòrò:Jessica_Simpson_crop.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|236x236px| Simpson na June 2008]] Usoro egwu nke ise ya, ''A Public Affair'' (2006), pụtara na ọnụọgụ ise na ''Billboard'' 200, e rekwara pụkụ narị na otu n'izu mbụ nke mbipụta ya. <ref name="billboard.com"/> Usoro egwu ahu a enwetaghi ọganiihu nke ''In This Skin'' (2003) nwere, o rere nanị pụkụ narị ise nke egwu ahu na United States. <ref name="riaa"/> Egwu inye ike " I Belong To Me" (2006), bụ nke jere ozi dị ka egwu nọọrọ onwe ya nke abụọ na nke ikpeazụ n'usoro egwu ahụ, o nwetaghị ọganihu n'azụmahịa. Simpson sonyere na ihe nkiri ya na Dane Cook na Dax Shepard na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị ''Employee of the Month'' (2006), ewepụtara na Ọktọba ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/stories/2006/01/02/daily9.html|title='Employee of the Month' to film in Nm|date=January 5, 2006|accessdate=December 9, 2013|work=Albuquerque Business First|publisher=[[Advance Publications]]}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ zutere mmeghachi omume dị egwu na-adịghị mma, ma ghara inwe ọganihu azụmahịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=employeeofthemonth.htm|title=Employee of the Month (2006)|work=boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Simpson gughariri égwú Dolly Parton " 9 to 5 " (1980) dị ka ụtụ nye onye na-agu egwu na Kennedy Center Awards na Disemba 2006. Nkatọ siri ike zutere arụmọrụ ahụ mgbe Simpson chefuru ihe odide nke egwu ahụ; e nyere ya ohere imeghari egwu maka igwefoto, n'agbanyeghị na ewepuru ihe ngosi ya na mgbasa ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbc5.com/news/10459675/detail.html|title='Nervous' Jessica Simpson Tearful After Dolly Folly|date=December 4, 2006|publisher=nbc5.com|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010215258/http://www.nbc5.com/news/10459675/detail.html|archivedate=October 10, 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/21/entertainment/main2289513.shtml|title=Jessica Simpson Out Of Parton Tribute|date=December 21, 2006|work=CBS News|accessdate=August 7, 2008}}</ref> Arụmọrụ nke usoro egwu Simpson nke ise na ihe nkiri ya nke abụọ bụ ndị ndị nkatọ kwuru, ebe nwanne ya nwanyị Ashlee nwetara ọdịda yiri nke ahụ na ihe gbasara ihe iga nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/10/ashlee-simpson-snl-10-years-later/381800/|title=The Fall of the House of Simpson|first=Kevin|author=O&#39;Keeffe|work=theatlantic.com|date=October 24, 2014}}</ref> Simpson nwere mmekọrịta ọzọ ya na onye na-agụ abụ John Mayer site na Ọgọst 2006 ruo Mee 2007. <ref name="refinery">{{Cite web|first=Leah|author=Carroll|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/02/9351221/jessica-simpson-open-book-john-mayer-relationship|title=Jessica Simpson Takes The Narrative Back From John Mayer, Who Seems To Be Even Worse Than We All Thought|date=February 5, 2020|work=[[Refinery29]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zimbio.com/Jessica+Simpson+Dating+History/articles/yhwebHeaifR/Jessica+Simpson+dated+John+Mayer|title=Jessica Simpson Dating History|work=Zimbio}}</ref> O mechara kọwaa mmekọrịta ya na Mayer na 2020 memoir ya, ''Open Book'' . <ref name="refinery" /> Na Nọvemba 2007, Simpson malitere ịyị ọyị, ya na onye otu egwuregwu Dallas Cowboys aha ya buTony Romo . Mmekọrịta ahụ bụ arụmụka n'etiti ndị na-akwado Cowboys, bụ ndị tara Simpson ụta maka omume Romo na-adịghị mma na egwuregwu mgbe ha abụọ malitere ịyị ọyị. Ụfọdụ ndị kwunyeere Romo na-akpọ Simpson "Yoko Romo," nkr na-arutu aka na Yoko Ono, bụ onye a kwenyere na ọ bụ ya kpatara nkewa nke [[The Beatles]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/2007-12-22-946446995_x.htm|title=Yoko Romo: Jessica Simpson cast in the role of villain|author=Dahlberg|first=Tim|date=December 22, 2007|work=[[USA Today]]|publisher=[[Gannett Company]]|accessdate=August 7, 2008}}</ref> Onye isi ala mgbe ahụ George W. Bush kwuru okwu banyere mmekọrịta abụọ ahụ, na-egosi na Simpson bu onye kpatara arụrụ arụ nke Romo. A kọrọ na Simpson na Romo kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ha na Julaị 2009. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Gina|author=DiNunno|title=Tony Romo and Jessica Simpson Call It Quits?|url=https://www.tvguide.com/News/Tony-Romo-Jessica-1007959.aspx|work=[[TV Guide]]|publisher=NTVB Media|date=July 13, 2009|accessdate=July 13, 2009}}</ref> Simpson na Luke Wilson pụtara na ihe nkiri ''Blonde Ambition'' (2007); ọ nwere ntakịrị mweputa na Texas tupu eweputazie ya na mgbasa ozi ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20173568,00.html|title=''Blonde Ambition'' (2008)|author=Tucker|first=Ken|authorlink=Ken Tucker|date=January 25, 2008|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]]|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archive-date=July 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718211107/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20173568,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ sonyekwara na ihe nkiri vidiyo ozugbo na ''Private Valentine: Blonde &amp;amp; Dangerous'' (2008), na-egosi onye na-eme ihe nkiri sonyeere ndị agha. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma nke ukwuu mgbe ewepụtara ya. Simpson jikọtara ya na Parlux Fragrances iji wepụta ísì mbụ ya, Fancy, na 2008. E ji nnọọ mmeghachi omume dị mma wee zute ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollyscoop.com/style/jessica-simpson/jessica-simpsons-new-perfume_691.aspx|title=Jessica Simpson's New Perfume|work=hollyscoop.com|accessdate=September 1, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910030337/http://www.hollyscoop.com/style/jessica-simpson/jessica-simpsons-new-perfume_691.aspx|archivedate=September 10, 2009}}</ref> Simpson malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka usoro egwu nke isii ya na 2007, nna ya na-ekwu na ọ na-anwale egwu obodo maka ndekọ ahụ. Simpson kwuru na ya tolitere n'ihe gbasara gburugburu egwu obodo, ma chọọ "inyeghachi ihe." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cmt.com/news/news-in-brief/1578710/jessica-simpsons-country-record-due-in-2008.jhtml|title=Jessica Simpson's Country Record Due in 2008|work=[[Country Music Television|CMT.com]]|date=December 28, 2007|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-date=January 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107125304/http://www.cmt.com/news/news-in-brief/1578710/jessica-simpsons-country-record-due-in-2008.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ wepụtara " Come On Over " (2008) dị ka egwu nọọrọ onwe ya na June 20. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/come-on-over-single/id282935997|title=Come On Over - Single by Jessica Simpson on Apple Music|publisher=iTunes Store|access-date=2022-04-03|archive-date=2009-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203041142/http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/come-on-over-single/id282935997|url-status=dead}}</ref> Egwu a gbara na ọnụọgụ iri anọ na otu na eserese ''Billboard'' Hot Country, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mpụta mbụ kacha elu maka ntinye mbụ onye nka na eserese ahụ. ''E wepụtara Do you Know''(2008) na Septemba 9. Ọrụ ahụ rere mbipụta puku iri isii na ise n'ime izu mbụ ewepụtara ya, ma nọrọ kwa na nọmba anọ na ''chaatị Billboard'' 200. A na-ewere ọba ahụ dị ka nke na-agaghi nke ime n'azụmahịa, ọ pụtara naanị izu itoolu na ''Billboard'' 200 wee na-ere ihe karịtị pụkụ narị abụọ na United States dị ka nke 2012. Simpson mepere maka otu egwu obodo Rascal Flatts na Bob That Head Tour (2009) site na Jenụwarị ruo Maachị 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cmt.com/news/news-in-brief/1596143/jessica-simpson-will-open-for-rascal-flatts-in-2009.jhtml|title=News : Jessica Simpson Will Open for Rascal Flatts in 2009|work=[[Country Music Television|CMT]]|date=October 2, 2008|accessdate=February 14, 2012|archive-date=October 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016205757/http://www.cmt.com/news/news-in-brief/1596143/jessica-simpson-will-open-for-rascal-flatts-in-2009.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbalị Simpson maka ịbanye n'egwu obodo nwetara mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma. Karịsịa, Simps bu onye ìgwè mmadụ na-akwa emo mgbe o mesiri ihe ngosi na Country Thunder Festival na [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1591224/20080721/simpson_jessica.jhtml|title=Jessica Simpson Booed By Country Fans, Who Don't Buy That She's 'Just A Girl From Texas'|author=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=July 21, 2008|work=[[MTV]]|publisher=[[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]]|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archivedate=September 15, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915070303/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1591224/20080721/simpson_jessica.jhtml}}</ref> A rutukwara Simpson aka na egwu [[Eminem]] 2009, " We made You ", nke Trisha Paytas gosipụtara. === 2010-ugbu a: Ịbụ nne, alụmdi na nwunye nke abụọ, na ilekwasị anya na azụmahịa ya === [[Usòrò:US_Navy_101001-N-3793B-071_Jessica_Simpson_autographs_a_photo_for_a_Sailor_during_a_USO_and_Navy_Entertainment_sponsored_visit_aboard_USS_Harry_S.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|240x240px| Simpson na October 2010]] Usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ Simpson's VH1, ''The Price of Beauty ,'' malitere ịgbasa na Maachị 2010. Usoro a sochiri Simpson gburugburu ụwa, na-ewebata ndị na-ekiri echiche dị iche iche nke ịma mma na omenala dị iche iche. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://omg.yahoo.com/news/jessica-Simpson-working-on-new-reality-show/23035|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531153649/http://omg.yahoo.com/news/jessica-simpson-working-on-new-reality-show/23035|archivedate=May 31, 2009|title=Jessica Simpson Working on New Reality Show|work=Yahoo Celebrity|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://omg.yahoo.com/news/its-official-jessica-Simpson-lands-another-reality-show/24172;_ylt=ArvcMgO6sg80YKX0LYdKKi6Vpxx.;_ylv=3|title=It's Official! Jessica Simpson Lands Another Reality Show|work=Yahoo Celebrity|accessdate=September 13, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626025907/http://omg.yahoo.com/news/its-official-jessica-simpson-lands-another-reality-show/24172|archivedate=June 26, 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://omg.yahoo.com/news/jessica-simpson-heidis-plastic-surgeries-are-nothing-compared-to-brazilian-women/34392|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123170754/http://omg.yahoo.com/news/jessica-simpson-heidis-plastic-surgeries-are-nothing-compared-to-brazilian-women/34392|archivedate=January 23, 2010|title=Jessica Simpson: Heidi's Plastic Surgeries Are Nothing Compared To Brazilian Women|work=Yahoo Celebrity|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> Ihe omume izizi dọtara otu nde ndị na-ekiri ya, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/03/are-viewers-over-jessica-simpson-ratings-are-in-for-her-vh1-show-the-price-of-beauty.html|title=Are viewers over Jessica Simpson? Ratings are in for her VH1 show 'The Price of Beauty'|first=Denise|author=Martin|date=March 17, 2010|accessdate=April 14, 2012|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/jessica-simpsons-reality-show-bombs-is-beat-by-history-channel-tv-show-2010173|title=Jessica Simpson's VH1 Show Bombs; Is Beat by History Channel Show|work=[[Us Weekly]]|date=March 17, 2010|accessdate=April 14, 2012}}</ref> mana Simpson kpughere na usoro a ga-alaghachi na 2011 na mgbanwe usoro; Atụmatụ ndị a emezughị. <ref>[https://archive.today/20120906001849/http://www.myspace.com/jessicasimpson/blog/536814704 "Price of Beauty season 2 coming in 2011!"] 2010-07-07, MySpace 'blog entry</ref> Simpson buru ụzọ mee atụmatụ ịdekọ usoro egwu nke asaa ya dị ka mbiputa ikpeazụ ya site na Epic Records, n'agbanyeghị na emechara wepụta usoro mkpokọta egwu ''Playlist: The very Best of Jessica Simpson'' (2010). <ref name="hollywoodcrush.mtv.com">{{Cite web|url=http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/02/16/jessica-simpson-talks-john-mayer-mom-jeans-backlash-and-a-new-album-in-allure-cover-story/|title=Jessica Simpson Talks John Mayer, Mom Jeans Backlash and a New Album In Allure: Cover Story|publisher=MTV|date=February 16, 2010|accessdate=February 21, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504201424/http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/02/16/jessica-simpson-talks-john-mayer-mom-jeans-backlash-and-a-new-album-in-allure-cover-story/|archivedate=May 4, 2010}}</ref> E wepụtara usoro egwu ahụ n'enweghị nkwalite nke mere ka o nwee obere ihe ịga nke ọma. O mechara binye aka na nkwekọrịta ụlọọrụ na-emeputa egwu a kpọrọ ElevenEleven na Primary Wave Music wee malite ịrụ ọrụ n'usoro egwu nke ekeresimesi ya nke asaa. E wepụtara egwu "Happy Christmas" (2010) na November 22; ọ pụtara obere oge na ọkara ala nke ''Billboard'' 200 tupu ọ daa na chaatị ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/happy-christmas/id402946227|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126105019/http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/happy-christmas/id402946227|archivedate=November 26, 2010|title=iTunes Store|publisher=iTunes Store|accessdate=April 3, 2014}}</ref> Simpson malitere mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị ya na onye egwuregwu NFL lara ezumike nka aha ya bu Eric Johnson na Mee 2010; Di na nwunye ahụ kwupụtara njikọ aka ha na Nọvemba 2010. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jessica Simpson Engaged to Eric Johnson|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20442126,00.html|work=People|date=November 14, 2010|accessdate=November 14, 2010|archive-date=November 16, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116133307/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20442126,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simpson pụtara n'ihe nkiri ya na Nicole Richie dị ka onye ndụmọdụ n'usoro televishonu nke NBC a kpọrọ ''Fashion Star'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://teleshow.infobae.com/notas/587382-Dos-disoas-juntas-en-un-nuevo-reality-show|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723062929/http://teleshow.infobae.com/notas/587382-Dos-disoas-juntas-en-un-nuevo-reality-show|archivedate=July 23, 2011|title=Dos diosas juntas en un nuevo reality show|work=infobae|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> Usoro egwu a Na-ekwu maka otu ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-asọmpi kwa izu iji mepụta uwe; kwa izu, a na-ewepụ otu onye asọmpi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20508441,00.html|title=Nicole Richie to team up with Jessica Simpson on NBC's Fashion Star|work=People|accessdate=September 13, 2014|archive-date=April 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419153604/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20508441,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Usoro ahụ bú nke ewepụtara oge nke abụọ ya na 2013, n'agbanyeghị na a kagbuola ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nbc-cancels-fashion-star-577826|title=NBC Cancels 'Fashion Star'|author=Nordyke|first=Kimberly|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 27, 2013|accessdate=July 27, 2013}}</ref> Na-esote ọnwa nke ntule, Simpson kwụrụ kpọmkwem na Halloween nke 2011 na ọ dị ime nwa mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/pic-jessica-simpson-confirms-pregnancy-20113110|title=PIC: Jessica Simpson Confirms Pregnancy!|work=Usmagazine.com|date=October 31, 2011}}</ref> Simpson bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ọtụtụ nde dollar na Weight Watchers na 2012, na-ekwe nkwa iji atụmatụ nri ha wepụ ibu ọ nwetara n'oge ime ya. <ref name="Von Glinow">{{Cite news|title=Jessica Simpson To Sign With Weight Watchers As Spokesperson: REPORT|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/21/jessica-simpson-weight-watchers-spokesperson-contract-baby-pregnant_n_1105699.html|work=HuffPost|date=November 21, 2011|accessdate=December 1, 2012|first=Kiki|author=Von Glinow}}</ref> <ref name="money.cnn.com">{{Cite news|title=Weight Watchers pays Jessica Simpson to diet|url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/05/30/news/companies/jessica-simpson-weight-watchers/index.htm|publisher=CNN|date=May 30, 2012|accessdate=December 1, 2012|archive-date=December 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213124555/http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/30/news/companies/jessica-simpson-weight-watchers/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simpson na-esere mgbasa ozi telivishọn maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na mgbasa ozi mbụ na Septemba 2012. <ref name="Marcus">{{Cite news|title=Jessica Simpson's Weight Watchers Commercial (VIDEO)|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/11/jessica-simpsons-weight-watchers-commercial-video_n_1873783.html|work=HuffPost|date=September 11, 2012|accessdate=December 1, 2012|first=Stephanie|author=Marcus}}</ref> <ref name="Fashion Star Client List">{{Cite web|title=Fashion Star Client List|url=http://www.nola.com/tv/index.ssf/2013/03/fashion_star_the_client_list_h.html|publisher=Nola|date=Spring 2013}}</ref> Simpson mụrụ nwa nwanyị Maxwell Drew Johnson na Mee 1, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson Gives Birth to Baby Girl Maxwell Drew Johnson!|url=http://www.checklistmag.com/2011/07/is-j-simps-baby-obsessed.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924074907/http://www.checklistmag.com/2011/07/is-j-simps-baby-obsessed.html|archivedate=September 24, 2013|publisher=Smart Checklist e-Mag|accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=It's a Girl for Jessica Simpson!|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20573420,00.html|work=People|date=May 1, 2012|accessdate=May 1, 2012|archive-date=July 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730005816/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20573420,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simpson wepụtara ahịrị uwe ime nwa na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/14/jessica-simpson-destination-maternity-line_n_1514070.html|title=Jessica Simpson launches a maternity clothes line on huffington post|date=May 14, 2012|work=HuffPost|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> O mechara wepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, Vintage Bloom, nke ịbụ nne kpaliri. <ref name="ultr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ultrafragrances.com/blog/jessica-simpson-vintage-bloom|title=Jessica Simpson parfum Vintage Bloom on ultrafragrance.com|accessdate=September 13, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085437/http://www.ultrafragrances.com/blog/jessica-simpson-vintage-bloom|archivedate=September 6, 2014}}</ref> Simpson kwuwaputara na Disemba 2012 na ya na Johnson na-atụ anya nwa nke abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/366568/report-jessica-simpson-pregnant-again|title=Report: Jessica Simpson Pregnant Again!|date=November 28, 2012}}</ref> Na-esote ọkwa ahụ, Weight Watchers kwupụtara na ọ ga-akwụsị ịgbaso atụmatụ nri ụlọ ọrụ n'oge ime ya. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jessica Simpson won't follow Weight Watchers diet while pregnant|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/26/entertainment/la-et-mg-jessica-simpson-weight-watchers-baby-pregnant-20121226|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=July 3, 2013|first=Christie|author=D'Zurilla}}</ref> Simpson mụrụ nwa ya nwoke, Ace Knute Johnson, na June 30, 2013. Ọ malitere ahịrị ihe ndozi ime ụlọ gụnyere akwa na draperies enyere n'ụdị bohemian ihunanya, nwere ifuru. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/jessica-simpson-adds-home-category-7153517?module=fashion-news-fashion-scoops-page-1|title=Jessica Simpson Adds Home Category|author=Lockwood|first=Lisa|date=September 14, 2013|journal=Women's Wear Daily}}</ref> N'August 2014, agbakwunyere ísì ụtọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/jessica-simpson-sizzles-in-plunging-dress-for-sexy-new-fragrance-ad_article_95997|title=Jessica Simpson Sizzles in Plunging Dress for Sexy New Fragrance Ad|work=Access Hollywood|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> Simpson na Johnson lụrụ na July 2014 na Montecito, California . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson & Eric Johnson 'Overwhelmed with Complete Happiness' at Their Wedding|url=http://www.people.com/article/jessica-simpson-marries-eric-johnson-santa-barbara-california-people-exclusive|work=People|accessdate=July 5, 2014|date=July 5, 2014|first=Michelle|author=Tan}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, a mara ọkwa na Simpson na NBC na-akparịta ụka ka o sonye na usoro ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke ọkara nke onwe, mana ọrụ ahụ emezughị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson to Star in Semi-Autobiographical NBC Comedy {{!}} Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/jessica-simpson-star-semi-autobiographical-nbc-comedy-412644|work=www.hollywoodreporter.com|accessdate=August 29, 2020|date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> Simpson kwadoro na 2015 na ọ ga-amalite ịrụ ọrụ na usoro egwu ya, dịka nkwekọrịta ya na Primary Wave akwụsịla n'ihu ọha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2015/03/jessica-simpson-new-album|title=Yesss! Jessica Simpson Is Working on a New Album|work=[[Fuse (TV channel)|Fuse]]|accessdate=June 17, 2016|archivedate=March 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055423/http://www.fuse.tv/2015/03/jessica-simpson-new-album}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20908775,00.html|title=Is Jessica Simpson Returning to Music?|work=People.com|accessdate=June 17, 2016|archive-date=April 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425155442/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20908775,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simpson na Linda Perry na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo, nke o kpughere na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.breatheheavy.com/bh-buzz-jessica-simpson-recording-with-linda-perry/|title=BH Buzz: Jessica Simpson Recording With Linda Perry|work=Breathe Heavy|accessdate=June 17, 2016|date=March 2016|archivedate=February 17, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217135109/http://www.breatheheavy.com/bh-buzz-jessica-simpson-recording-with-linda-perry/}}</ref> N'August 2015, Simpson bụ onye ọbịa na ọwa HSN ebe ọ na-akwalite ngwaahịa ya. Ahịa ahụ gara nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/hsn-defends-jessica-simpsons-bizarre-appearance-we-were-happy-to-host-them-and-thrilled/|title=HSN Defends Jessica Simpson's Bizarre Appearance: 'We Were Happy to Host Them and Thrilled'|date=September 18, 2015|accessdate=June 17, 2016}}</ref> Simpson weputara ụdị uwe mgbatị ahụ Warm Up, nke dị na ebe a na-ere ahịa na United States. <ref name="warmup">{{Cite web|first=Rachel|author=Torgerson|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/news/jessica-simpson-launches-fitness-sneakers-w433913|title=Jessica Simpson Launches Animal-Print Gym Shoes|publisher=[[American Media Inc.]]|date=August 11, 2016}}</ref> A gbasaa usoro ahia ahụ n'August 2016 ka ọ gụnyere ndị na-enye ọzụzụ, ebe Simpson kwuru na ahịrị ahụ ga-abụ ihe na-elekwasị anya ya n'ọdịnihu. <ref name="warmup" /> Na Septemba 2018, Simpson kwupụtara na ọ dị ime nwa nke atọ, nwa nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etonline.com/jessica-simpson-is-pregnant-with-baby-no-3-109923|title=Jessica Simpson Is Pregnant With Baby No. 3|work=[[ET Online]]|first=Jackie|author=Willis|date=September 18, 2018|accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Ọ mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị, Birdie Mae Johnson, na Maachị 19, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Sandra|author=Gonzalez|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/20/entertainment/jessica-simpson-baby/index.html|title=Jessica Simpson welcomes new daughter|work=[[CNN]]|publisher=[[Turner Broadcasting Systems]]|date=March 20, 2019}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2, 2020, Simpson weputara ihe ncheta ya ''Open Book'', nke togoro ndepụta nke New York Times Best Sellers list . <ref name="memoir">{{Cite web|first=Tyler|author=McCarthy|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/jessica-simpson-fans-tell-all-memoir-best-seller|title=Jessica Simpson thanks fans for tell-all memoir becoming a bestseller: 'This is a moment for all of us'|work=[[Fox News]]|publisher=[[News Corp (2013–present)|News Corp]]|date=February 17, 2020}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ tụlere isiokwu ndị dị ka alụmdi na nwunye ya na Nick Lachey, mmekọrịta ya na onye na-agụ egwú John Mayer, mmetọ mmekọahụ ọ nwetara n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya na idabere n'ọgwụ na nrụgide ọ na-enwe iji felata, nke kpatara ahụ ya nsogbu onyonyo. <ref name="memoir" /> <ref name="refinery"/> E wepụtara abụ ọhụrụ isii dị ka akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ, bụ akara ntọhapụ mbụ ya na egwu kemgbe ''ekeresimesi obi ụtọ'' na 2010. <ref name="memoir" /> <ref name="refineryb">{{Cite web|first=Paige|author=Gawley|url=https://www.etonline.com/jessica-simpson-drops-six-new-songs-inside-her-new-music-140685|title=Jessica Simpson Drops Six New Songs: Inside Her New Music|date=February 4, 2020|work=[[Refinery29]]}}</ref> Na Disemba 2020, Simpson bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ikike mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na Amazon, wee wepụta edemede maka ịbụ nne nke akpọrọ ''Buru ụzọ'' n'April na-esote. Na Nọvemba 2021, Simpson weputara ngughari egwu nke otu egwu bekee No Nothing But Thieves nke ha kpọrọ"Particles", si otú a na-aka akara mweputa nke egwu nọọrọ onwe ya ka emgbe "Naanị Ọchịchọ m" na 2010. == Ụdị egwu == Simpson edepụtala Mariah Carey, Aretha Franklin, Sade, na Whitney Houston dị ka ndị metụtara egwu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marymqc.tripod.com/jsinter.html|title=Jessica Simpson Interview|work=Marymqc.tripod.com|date=April 10, 2012}}</ref> Ọ nwara ịmalite ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agụ egwu Ndị Kraịst, ma n'otu oge, o dechara usoro egwu nke egwu ndị Kraịst nke ọ kpọrọ n'onwe ya. Mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na Columbia Records na 1998, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ọba egwu pop . <ref name="vanityfair" /> Simpson ejirila isiokwu Ndị Kraịst dekọọ abụ n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, nke gụnyere "Kpee ekpere n'olu dara ụda" (2008). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/song/still-dont-stop-me-mt0018502404|title=Still Don't Stop Me - Jessica Simpson|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> Egwu ahụ achọtara na ọba mpụta mbụ bụ nke bụ pop ballads, n'ebumnobi nke igosi ụda olu Simpson. <ref name="christgau">{{Cite web|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=jessica+simpson|title=Robert Christgau: CG: jessica simpson|work=robertchristgau.com}}</ref> AllMusic 's Stephen Thomas Erlewine kwubiri n'usoro egwu ahụ “[gosipụtara] ya dị ka Celine Dion dị afọ iri na ụma. <ref name="sweetall">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/sweet-kisses-mw0000247597|work=AllMusic|title=Sweet Kisses - Jessica Simpson|author=Erlewine, Stephen Thomas|accessdate=March 8, 2020}}</ref> Karịsịa, ọ gosipụtara ballad ike "Achọrọ m ịhụ gị n'anya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi" (1999). <ref name="ew">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,64383,00.html|title=Sweet Kisses|work=Ew.com|date=November 22, 1999|accessdate=April 3, 2022|archivedate=May 31, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531105835/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,64383,00.html}}</ref> Egwu a chọtara na mpụta mbụ ya dọtara itụnyere egwu Mariah Carey . <ref name="allmusic">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jessica-simpson-mn0000287407/biography Jessica Simpson - Biography & History] AllMusic</ref> Site na mweputa nke ''Irresistible'' (2001), Simpson dekọtara egwu ndị ọzọ na-atọ ụtọ, jiri onwe ya tụnyere ndị na-agu egwu dị ka Britney Spears. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/74864633.html?dids=74864633:74864633&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+29%2C+2001&author=Fraser+Middleton&pub=Evening+Times&desc=New+look+for+pop%27s+sultry+star&pqatl=google|title=New look for pop's sultry star|first=Fraser|author=Middleton|work=[[Evening Times]]|publisher=[[Newsquest]]|date=June 29, 2001|accessdate=June 1, 2011}}</ref> Egwu dị ka "Iresistible" na "A Little Bit" nwere egwu na-akpasu iwe ma e jiri ya tụnyere egwu ya o weputara na mgbe gara aga, ebe Simpson na-ekwu na afọ dị iche n'etiti ndekọ nke usoro egwu abụọ ahụ bụ isi ihe kpatara ya. N'oge Total Request Live Tour (2001) na DreamChaser Tour (2001), Simpson webatara ọtụtụ ndị na-agba egwu n'ime mmemme ngosiputa ya. <ref name="deseret">{{Cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595067796/Simpson-tour-will-feature-clips-from-her-TV-program.html|title=Simpson tour will feature clips from her TV program|author=Moody|first=Nekesa Mumbi|work=Associated Press. [[Deseret News]]|date=June 4, 2004|accessdate=June 2, 2011|archive-date=October 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023075902/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595067796/Simpson-tour-will-feature-clips-from-her-TV-program.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simpson malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka usoro egwu nke atọ ya na 2002, nke edobere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agu egwu Missy Elliott ga-emepụta ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson To Duet With Nick Lachey Again|url=http://popdirt.com/jessica-simpson-duet-on-nick-lacheys-solo-debut-unlikely/14382/|publisher=popdirt.com|date=March 11, 2003|accessdate=June 27, 2013|archivedate=January 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107115838/http://popdirt.com/jessica-simpson-duet-on-nick-lacheys-solo-debut-unlikely/14382/}}</ref> Ihe ndekọ ahụ mechara weghaara ụzọ ọhụrụ, nke di ya bụ Nick Lachey kọwara dị ka "organic" ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro egwu abụọ mbụ ya. <ref name="aisle">{{Cite web|author=Wiederhorn|first=Jon|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458397/simpson-lachey-tie-knot.jhtml|title=Jessica Simpson, Nick Lachey Walk Down The Aisle - Music, Celebrity, Artist News|publisher=MTV|date=October 29, 2002|accessdate=February 24, 2012|archivedate=February 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210102918/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458397/simpson-lachey-tie-knot.jhtml}}</ref> Simpson malitekwara idekọ abụ nke ya maka ndekọ, ihe ụjọ tụrụ ya ime n'oge gara aga. <ref name="aisle" /> Ihe si na ya pụta bụ ''In This Skin'' (2003), ndekọ nke AllMusic kwuru na "nọrọ n'ime ọgba aghara ọgba aghara nke oge a ka ị na-abanye n'etiti ụzọ nke ọ na-achọsi ike ịbụ." <ref name="allmusic"/> Simpson rụrụ ọrụ na akụkụ nke egwu obodo na mwepụta nke " These Boots Are Made For Walkin ' ' (2005), nke e dekọrọ maka ihe nkiri mbụ Simpson mere ''The Dukes of Hazzard'' (2005). <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-01-05-simpson-peoples-choice_x.htm|title=Jessica Simpson kicks off People's Choice Awards|work=USA Today|accessdate=July 31, 2008|date=January 5, 2006}}</ref> Ọ nọgidere na-anwale na egwu"Push Your Tush" (2006). Ọtụtụ egwu dị na usoro egwu nke ise ya nwere akụkụ nke egwu na egwu disco, ọkachasị "Affair Ọha" na mkpuchi ya nke " You Spin Me Round (dị ka ndekọ) ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1537645/jessica-covers-song-that-helped-her-let-nick-go.jhtml|title=Jessica Simpson Covers Song That Convinced Her To Let Nick Go|publisher=MTV|accessdate=2022-04-03|archivedate=2012-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107210630/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1537645/jessica-covers-song-that-helped-her-let-nick-go.jhtml}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1516034,00.html|title=A Public Affair|work=Ew.com|accessdate=2022-04-03|archivedate=2014-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011825/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1516034,00.html}}</ref> N'ịbụ ndí a kwadoro ọ dị ka Faith Hill, Shania Twain, na Martina McBride, Simpson dekọrọ otu egwu egwu obodo akpọrọ ''Ị Mara'' (2008). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Music|url=https://www.azcentral.com/thingstodo/music/articles/2009/03/09/20090309jsimpson.html|work=The Arizona Republic|date=March 9, 2009|accessdate=April 3, 2022|archivedate=September 6, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085720/http://www.azcentral.com/thingstodo/music/articles/2009/03/09/20090309jsimpson.html}}</ref> N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Simpson abanyela n'ụdị ndị ọzọ, na-ewepụta ọba abụọ nwere isiokwu ekeresimesi na 2004 na 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Jessica-Simpson/e/B000AP7PUS|title=Jessica Simpson - Albums, Songs, Bio|work=Amazon|accessdate=November 22, 2010}}</ref> == Oyiyi ọha == [[Usòrò:Jessica_Simpson_2006.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px| Simpson na October 2006]] Simpson bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye nlereanya nye ndị dị afọ iri na ụma na ngwụcha afọ 1990 wee kọwa ya dị ka "nzaghachi nKe Columbia Record nye Britney Spears na Christina Aguilera ", bụ ndị nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na n'usoro egwu mbụ ha. <ref name="yahr" /> <ref name="sweetall"/> Ndekọ mpụta mbụ ya, ''Sweet Kisses'' (1999) na-enyochakarị isiokwu dị ka ịhụnanya, <ref name="sweetall" /> na Simpson kwupụtara na ọ ga-anọgide na-akwaghi iko ruo mgbe alụmdi na nwunye. <ref name="biography"/> <ref name="lulien">{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-09-01-0109010048-story.html|date=September 1, 2001|first=Cheryl|author=Lu-Lien|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|title=One blond diva in for long haul}}</ref> Ọ gara na "mmekọrịta mmekọahụ ejiri nlezianya hazie" ka o wee na-akwalite usoro egwu nke abụọ ya, ''Iresistible'' (2001). <ref name="lulien" /> Simpson mechara kọwaa onye isi ndekọ ndekọ Columbia Tommy Mottola dị ka onye mkparị, ebe ọ na-achọ ịchịkwa onyonyo ya wee gwa ya ka ọ “tufuo pound iri na ise” mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na 1997. <ref name="yahr">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/the-juicy-details-of-jessica-simpsons-memoir-are-only-part-of-her-misunderstood-story/2020/02/11/77acbf40-4a28-11ea-b4d9-29cc419287eb_story.html|date=February 11, 2020|first=Emily|author=Yahr|title='Open Book', by Jessica Simpson - Book Review|work=[[The Washington Post]]|publisher=Nash Holdings, LLC}}</ref> [[Usòrò:JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|224x224px| Simpson na Mee 2010]] Mgbe Simpson rịgoro n'ọganihu nke ihe nkiri "Newlyweds: ''Nick and Jessica" na 2003,'' a hụrụ ya dị ka "onye na-acha odo odo na" dabere na mkparị ya na nkwupụta ya na ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1480017/jessica-simpson-thinks-dumb-blonde-jokes-are-funny/|title=Jessica Simpson Thinks Dumb-Blonde Jokes Are Funny|work=[[MTV]]|publisher=[[Viacom (1952–2006)|Viacom]]|date=October 28, 2003|accessdate=April 3, 2022|archivedate=April 3, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403223511/http://www.mtv.com/news/1480017/jessica-simpson-thinks-dumb-blonde-jokes-are-funny/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=128187&page=1|title=Most Watched Newlyweds: Jessica and Nick|date=January 6, 2006|work=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|first=Esther|author=Lee|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/dane-cook-reveals-jessica-simpsons-dumbest-remark-on-set-20141710|title=Dane Cook Reveals "Dumbest" Remark Made by Jessica Simpson on Set|publisher=[[American Media, Inc.]]|date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> Emily Yahr ' nke ''Washington Post'' kpọrọ ya "otu n'ime onye ngosiputa nke TV mbụ anyị, tupu onye ọ bụla enwee ike itinye uche na mmerụ ahụ ọ nwere ike ịkpata." <ref name="yahr"/> Simpson chetara oge ya na ihe ngosi ya nke ndetu afọ 2020 ''Open Book'', na-ekwu, sị: "Ugbu a, a na m ahụ ọtụtụ ndị na-eme njirimara ha na mgbasa ozi, mana ọ dị m ka m bụ ezi maka nke ahụ. Kedu ka m ga-esi bie ezigbo ndụ ahụike na-enyocha site na oghere nke ihe ngosi eziokwu? Ọ bụrụ na ndụ m bụ ọrụ m, na ọrụ m chọrọ ka m rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ, ònye ka m bụkwanụ? " <ref name="yahr" /> A kọwara ya dị ka akara ngosi mmekọahụ site na mgbasa ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/pat-gallagher/sex-symbols-of-yesteryear_b_6896618.html|title=The 12 Ultimate Sex Symbols Of Yesteryear We'll Never Forget|first=Pat|author=Gallagher|work=[[Huffington Post]]|date=March 23, 2015}}</ref> Ngosipụta Simpson nke Daisy Duke mere ka onyonyo akara ngosi mmekọahụ ya na-aga n'ihu, <ref name="cheat">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/jessica-simpson-gets-candid-about-infamous-mom-jeans-body-shaming-incident.html|date=February 16, 2020|work=CheatSheet|title=Jessica Simpson Gets Candid About Infamous 'Mom Jeans' Body-Shaming Incident|author=Preston|first=Stefan}}</ref> wee gosipụta agwa dị na vidiyo egwu ya "These Boots Are Made For Walkin", nke na-egosi "ihe nkiri Simpson na-ede n'ụzọ megidere ụgbọ ala suds jupụtara". <ref>{{Cite web|first=Michael|author=Slezak|url=https://ew.com/article/2008/07/07/worst-cover-son/|date=July 7, 2008|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|title=What's the worst song cover of all time?|accessdate=April 3, 2022|archivedate=April 3, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403223506/https://ew.com/article/2008/07/07/worst-cover-son/}}</ref> Emere ihe nkiri a na vidiyo egwu Pink " Stupid Girls " . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2016/04/107350/pink-stupid-girls-anniversary-essay|date=April 4, 2016|work=Refinery29|author=Carlin, Shannon|title=Does The Message In Pink's "Stupid Girls" Still Hold Up A Decade Later?}}</ref> Simpson pụtakwara dị ka Daisy Duke n'ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi telivishọn maka mgbasa ozi [[Pizza Hut]] n'oge Super Bowl na 2006 na 2007. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_26_40/ai_n26700205|title=Little Caesars' ambitious growth plans add tension in battle for pizza market share|author=Cebrzynski|first=Gregg|date=June 26, 2006|work=Nation's Restaurant News|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archive-date=October 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029230850/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_26_40/ai_n26700205|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simpson kwuru na "ọrụ [Daisy Duke] kere "ọkọlọtọ ọla edo" nke a ga-ekpe ya ikpe n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, <ref name="cheat" /> na a na-enyocha ya nke ukwuu na mgbasa ozi na-esochi oke ibu ya na 2009. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/turning-pounds-into-dollars|date=February 5, 2009|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|title=Turning Pounds Into Dollars|author=Piazza|first=Johanna}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-body/pictures/jessica-simpsons-body-evolution-201297/23581-2/|date=September 25, 2019|work=[[US Magazine]]|title=Jessica Simpson's Body Evolution}}</ref> Simpson bụ onye Republican edebanyere aha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimbio.com/Famous+Republicans/articles/AkhEklvdYzp/Jessica+Simpson|title=Jessica Simpson - Famous Republicans|publisher=Zimbio|date=March 4, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2014}}</ref> Ọ kwadoro George W. Bush n'oge mgbasa ozi onye isi ala ya na 2004, <ref>{{Cite news|first=Jeff|author=Leeds|work=[[New York Times]]|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906EFDD153CF936A3575BC0A9629C8B63&scp=6&sq=kid%20rock%20and%20bush&st=cse|title=Rock Stars Announce Swing-State Tour|date=August 5, 2004}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ọ kagburu ihe ngosi na 2006 Republican fundraiser n'ihi na ọ chere na ọ bụghị "ihe kwesịrị ekwesị". <ref>{{Cite web|work=[[CBS News]]|publisher=[[CBS Corporation]]|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/16/politics/main1409127.shtml|title=Jessica Simpson Snubs Bush|date=March 16, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103210148/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/16/politics/main1409127.shtml|archivedate=November 3, 2013}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na onye Republican, Simpson etoola onye bụbu First Lady Michelle Obama n'oge di ya nọ n'ọkwa ọchịchị, na-ekwu, "Ọ bụ nwanyị dị egwu, na ya na nwoke dị ike dị otú ahụ. . . Ihe ọ bụla ọ na-eme na-eme ka obi sie ya ike. " == Ọrụ ebere == Na April 2004, Simpson rụrụ n'oge ọrụ uru VH1 a kpọrọ Divas Live 2004 n'akụkụ Ashanti, Cyndi Lauper, Gladys Knight, Joss Stone na Patti LaBelle, na nkwado nke Save the Music Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0409423/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#castDivas|title=VH1 Divas 2004|date=April 18, 2004|work=IMDb|accessdate=June 17, 2016}}</ref> Na Mee 2004, Simpson mere egwu iji nyere Skin Care Foundation aka. Na Maachị 2007, Simpson nyere obere Chrysler ọhụrụ nye ụlọ ụmụ mgbei Elim na Nuevo Laredo . Simpson bụ onye nnochite anya Soles4Souls ebe o sonyeere akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpaaka iji nye ego sitere na obodo dị na United States. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://celebritycharitymagazine.com/justin-bieber/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313105023/http://celebritycharitymagazine.com/justin-bieber/|archivedate=March 13, 2013|title=Jessica Simpson celebritycharitymagazine.com|work=celebritycharitymagazine.com|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> Simpson na-arụkwa ọrụ na Make-A-Wish Foundation . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://celebritycharitymagazine.com/justin-bieber/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313105023/http://celebritycharitymagazine.com/justin-bieber/|archivedate=March 13, 2013|title=Jessica Simpson supports Make-A-Wish Foundation on celebritymagazine.com|work=celebritycharitymagazine.com|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nkiri ! Ọrụ |- | 2002 | ''Nna-ukwu nke Disguise'' | Onwe ya <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson in Master of Disguise|url=http://www.celebfire.com/116/jessica-simpson-in-master-of-disguise/|publisher=Celeb Fire|accessdate=July 31, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103031437/http://www.celebfire.com/116/jessica-simpson-in-master-of-disguise/|archivedate=November 3, 2013}}</ref> |- | 2005 | ''Ndị Dukes nke Hazzard'' | Daisy Duke <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Goes Daisy: Her Wow Workout|url=https://people.com/archive/jessica-goes-daisy-her-wow-workout-vol-64-no-7/|work=People|accessdate=August 15, 2005}}</ref> |- | 2006 | ''Onye ọrụ nke ọnwa'' | Amy Renfro <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson reveals secret 'Employee of the Month' flaw|url=http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/jessica-simpson-reveals-secret-employee-of-month-flaw-1009023.php|work=Reality TV World|date=June 30, 2006|accessdate=June 30, 2006}}</ref> |- | 2007 | ''Blonde Ambition'' | Katie Gregerstitch <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson's 'Blonde Ambition' A Hit...In The Ukraine|url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2008/02/21/jessica_simpson_s_blonde_ambition_a_hit_|work=Starpulse|accessdate=February 21, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314010939/http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2008/02/21/jessica_simpson_s_blonde_ambition_a_hit_/|archivedate=March 14, 2008}}</ref> |- | 2008 | ''The Love Guru'' | Onwe ya <ref>{{Cite web|title=Video: Jessica Simpson's Cameo in The Love Guru|url=http://www.crushable.com/2008/07/10/entertainment/video-jessica-simpsons-cameo-in-the-love-guru/|work=Crushable|publisher=[[Defy Media]]|date=July 10, 2008|accessdate=July 10, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022064837/http://www.crushable.com/2008/07/10/entertainment/video-jessica-simpsons-cameo-in-the-love-guru/|archivedate=October 22, 2013}}</ref> |- | 2008 | ''Valentine n'onwe: Blonde &amp;amp; dị ize ndụ'' | Megan Valentine <ref>{{Cite news|first=Korin|author=Miller|title=Jessica Simpson's 'Private Valentine' (aka 'Major Movie Star') heads straight to DVD|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/jessica-simpson-private-valentine-aka-major-movie-star-heads-straight-dvd-article-1.388650|work=[[New York Daily News]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|accessdate=February 4, 2009}}</ref> |- |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2002-2003 | ''Ihe ngosi '70s'' | Annette | Ọrụ ugboro ugboro ( Oge 5 ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Your Time Is Gonna Come (a.k.a. Get Off My Boyfriend)|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/that-70s-show/your-time-is-gonna-come-a-k-a-get-off-my-boyfriend-226503/cast/|publisher=TV.com|accessdate=August 8, 2008|archivedate=December 17, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217064932/http://www.tv.com/shows/that-70s-show/your-time-is-gonna-come-a-k-a-get-off-my-boyfriend-226503/cast/}}</ref> |- | 2003 | ''Mpaghara Twilight'' | Miranda Evans | Ihe omume: "Mkpokọta" |- | 2003 | ''Punk'd'' | Onwe ya | Ihe omume #6 |- | 2003-2005 | ''Ndị lụrụ ọhụrụ: Nick na Jessica'' | Onwe ya | Ihe onyonyo n'ezie <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nick Lachey & Jessica Simpson's "Newlyweds" Love Nest|url=http://hookedonhouses.net/2010/07/19/nick-lachey-jessica-simpsons-newlyweds-love-nest/|publisher=Hooked on Houses|accessdate=July 19, 2010|date=July 19, 2010}}</ref> |- | 2003 | ''Ụlọ Raiders'' | Onwe ya | Onye ọbịa |- | 2004 | ''Oge elekere Nick na Jessica dị iche iche'' | Onwe ya | Ihe onyonyo pụrụ iche <ref name="Reality TV World"/> |- | 2004 | ''Ekeresimesi Ezinụlọ Nick na Jessica'' | Onwe ya | Ọpụrụiche telivishọn <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sugar-coated 'Christmas'|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2004-11-30-simpson-lachey_x.htm|publisher=USA Today 30|accessdate=November 30, 2004|first=Donna|author=Freydkin|date=December 1, 2004}}</ref> |- | 2004 | ''A2Z'' | Onye na-akpa ọchị ọchị | Ihe omume: "Jessica Simpson na Nick Lachey" |- | 2004-2005 | ''Ihe ngosi Ashlee Simpson'' | Onwe ya | Eziokwu telivishọn |- | 2008 | ''Ịgba egwu na kpakpando'' | Onye na-eme ọbịa | Ihe omume: "Agbara 2: Nsonaazụ" |- | 2009 | ''Ana m enweta ya ọtụtụ'' | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "Jessica Simpson" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson, Heidi Klum, Jeff Probst, Ice-T, LeAnn Rimes, Mario Lopez|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/i-get-that-a-lot/jessica-simpson-heidi-klum-jeff-probst-ice-t-leann-rimes-mario-lopez-1316267/|publisher=TV|accessdate=April 2, 2009|archivedate=December 17, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217064934/http://www.tv.com/shows/i-get-that-a-lot/jessica-simpson-heidi-klum-jeff-probst-ice-t-leann-rimes-mario-lopez-1316267/}}</ref> |- | 2010 | ''Ụzọ ụgbọ elu Project'' | Onye ọka ikpe ọbịa | Ihe omume: "Nke ikpeazụ Nkebi 2" |- | 2010 | ''Ọnụ ahịa Mma'' | Onwe ya | Ihe onyonyo n'ezie <ref>{{Cite news|title='The Price of Beauty' in the eye of the beholder|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/tv/singer_jessica_simpson_proves_why_d01W6Ab5IR3oA1OfWtwS8O|work=New York Post|accessdate=March 15, 2010|first=Linda|author=Stasi}}</ref> |- | 2010 | ''Ntugharị'' | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "N'okpuru ala" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson's Entourage Cameo Has Bite|date=July 23, 2010|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/191867/jessica-simpson-s-entourage-cameo-has-bite|publisher=E!|accessdate=July 23, 2010}}</ref> |- | 2012 | ''Nke Kacha Efu'' | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "Mmemme #13.11" |- | 2012-2013 | ''Kpakpando Ejiji'' | Onyeikpe / Onye ndụmọdụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Simpson joins NBC's 'Fashion Star'|url=http://www.today.com/id/43383568/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/jessica-simpson-joins-nbcs-fashion-star/|work=Today|accessdate=June 13, 2011|archivedate=September 6, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906085448/http://www.today.com/id/43383568/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/jessica-simpson-joins-nbcs-fashion-star/}}</ref> | nkeji iri na otu |- | 2014 | ''Ihe ngosi ọchị ma ọ bụ anwụ anwụ'' | Daisy Duke | Ihe omume: "The Babadooks of Hazzard" |- | 2018 | ''Ashlee + Evan'' | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "M na-eme" |} == Ihe ngosi == * ''Nsusu ọnụ dị ụtọ'' (1999) * ''Enweghị ike ịgbagha'' (2001) * ''N'ime akpụkpọ ahụ a'' (2003) * ''ReJoyce: Album Christmas'' (2004) * ''Ihe gbasara Ọha'' (2006) * ''Ị maara'' (2008) * ''Ezi ekeresimesi'' (2010) == Njegharị == '''Isi akụkọ''' * Njem DreamChaser (2001) * Njegharị Eziokwu (2004) '''Nchịkọta isiokwu''' * Mgbakọta arịrịọ Live Tour (with various artists) (2001) '''Omume mmeghe''' * Njegharị Livin'la Vida Loca ( Ricky Martin ) (1999) * Nlegharị ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ ( ogo 98 ) (2000) * Bob That Head Tour ( Rascal Flatts ) (2009) == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta onyinye na nhọpụta nke Jessica Simpson nwetara == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Mitchell|first=Susan K|year=2008|title=Jessica Simpson|url=https://archive.org/details/jessicasimpson0000mitc|quote=Jessica Simpson.|publisher=Gareth Stevens Pub|isbn=978-0-8368-8201-8}} * {{Cite book|author=Simpson|first=Jessica|year=2004|title=I do: achieving your dream wedding|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-BoIF2bQcEC&q=Jessica%20Simpson%22&pg=PP1|publisher=W Press|isbn=0-9748603-0-1}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * {{IMDb name|5433}} {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gb6awqrwu31gmb0n1856l5g91baz3ya 0 12676 727855 721827 2026-09-25T07:27:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|name=Jazmine Sullivan|image=Jazmine_Sullivan_2015.jpg|caption=Sullivan at the ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Awards in [[Beverly Hills, California]] in 2015|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1987|04|09}}|birth_name=Jazmine Marie Sullivan|birth_place=[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S.|death_date=|death_place=|genre={{hlist|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|[[Soul music|soul]]|[[pop music|pop]]|[[reggae]]}}|occupation={{hlist|Singer-songwriter}}|instrument=[[Vocals]]|years_active=2003–present|label={{hlist|[[RCA Records|RCA]]|[[J Records|J]]|[[Arista Records|Arista]]}}|associated_acts={{hlist|[[Frank Ocean]]|[[Missy Elliott]]|[[Salaam Remi]]}}<!--Before adding acts, see [[Template:Infobox musical artist]]-->|website={{url|jazminesullivanmusic.com}}}} {{Databox}} '''Jazmine Marie Sullivan''' (amuru Eprel 9, 1987) bu onye America na-ede ukwe. Amụrụ na zụlitere na Philadelphia, album mbụ ya, E wepụtara ''Fearless'' na 2008 iji nwee ọganihu azụmahịa na nke siri ike. Ndekọ ahụ tolitere <nowiki><i id="mwDw">chaatị</i></nowiki> Album Top R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B/Hip-Hop nke Billboard wee nweta nkwado ọla edo site n'aka ndị ụlọ ọrụ ndekọta nke America (RIAA). Ọ mụrụ ụmụ nwoke anọ, gụnyere " Mkpa U Bad " na " Bust Your Windows ", ha abụọ nọ n'elu 40 nke <nowiki><i id="mwFg">chaatị Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 ; nke mbụ ghọrọ Sullivan nke mbụ na naanị ọnụọgụ mbụ na <nowiki><i id="mwGA">chaatị Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B/Hip-Hop . [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Òtù:Infobox musical artist with missing or invalid Background field| ]] [[Usòrò:Jazmine Sullivan 2015.jpg|thumb]] Sullivan sochiri nke a na album studio ya nke abụọ, ''Love Me Back'', na 2010, nke ndị nkatọ nabatara nke ọma. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ezumike afọ atọ, Sullivan bịanyere aka na RCA Records wee wepụta album studio mbụ ya n'okpuru akara, ''Reality Show'', na 2015, ọ ghọkwara album nke abụọ ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ na Top R & B / Hip-Hop Albums chart. . Na 2021, o wepụtara EP mbụ ya nke ọma, ''Heaux Tales'' nke nwere otu " Bulie Mmetụta Gị ". Sullivan enwetala Grammy Awards abụọ, onyinye onyinye <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Awards, onyinye egwu egwu mkpụrụ obi abụọ, atọ NAACP Image Awards, na onyinye BET abụọ n'oge ọrụ ya. == Ndụ na ọrụ == === 1987–2006: Ndụ mbụ === Nne na nna Jazmine Sullivan bụ Don na Pam Sullivan. <ref name="birthcharts">{{Cite web|url=https://birthcharts.astro-seek.com/birth-chart/jazmine-sullivan-horoscope|title=Jazmine Sullivan Birth Chart Horoscope, Date of Birth, Astro|work=birthcharts.astro-seek.com}}</ref> Nne ya bụ onye bụbu onye ọbụ abụ ndabere maka Philadelphia International Records . <ref name="Ellis">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/photos/feature-the-psychology-of-jazmine-sullivan|title=The Psychology of Jazmine Sullivan|author=Ellis|first=Stacy-Ann|date=January 13, 2015|work=Vibe}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ ise, nna ya rutere n'ọkwa dị ka onye nlekọta maka nnukwu ụlọ Strawberry Historic nke obodo na ngalaba Strawberry Mansion na ezinụlọ ya kwagara n'ime ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSYEAAAAMBAJ&q=jazmine+sullivan+her+father+landed+a+position+as+a+curator&pg=PA54|title=Vibe|author=Group|first=Vibe Media|date=July 1, 2008|publisher=Vibe Media Group}}</ref> Sullivan bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2005 na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Philadelphia maka imepụta nka na ime nka ebe ọ bụ onye isi egwu olu. Sullivan malitere ịbụ abụ dị ka contralto n'ime ukwe ụmụaka, ma emesịa n'òtù ukwe okenye. Sullivan ekpughere egwu ụwa amachaghị na mbụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgGCiC4uwLs|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719231648/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgGCiC4uwLs|archivedate=2015-07-19|title=Jazmine Sullivan performs "Accept What God Allows" on Apollo|work=YouTube|accessdate=January 14, 2015}}</ref> === 2003–2009: Mmalite ọrụ === [[Usòrò:Jazmine_Sullivan.jpg|thumb| Sullivan na-eme ndụ na ihe nkiri na Columbia, South Carolina na 2008.]] Na iri na ise Sullivan bịanyere aka na ''Jive Records'' . O dekọrọ otu ọba egwu, nke a na-ewepụtaghị ma emechaa wepụ ya na label. Sullivan nyere ụda olu maka Kindred the [[Families Need Fathers|Family]] Soul 's song, "Am" yana ụda ndabere na egwu "Party's Over", na aha egwu na 2003 mpụta mbụ ha ''nyefere n'ịhụnanya .'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allhiphop.com/2008/08/05/jazmine-sullivan-more-than-the-next-lauryn-hill/|title=Jazmine Sullivan: More Than the Next Lauryn Hill|work=allhiphop.com|publisher=All Hip Hop|author=Iandoli|first=Kathy|accessdate=July 27, 2014}}</ref> <ref>Kindred The Family Soul - Surrender To Love (CD liner notes). Hidden Beach Recordings/Epic Records. EK 86491</ref> O bu ụzọ zute onye rapper Missy Elliott n'oge nnọkọ ahụ; Elliott gara n'ihu wepụta ma ọtụtụ n'ime album mbụ ya, ''enweghị atụ egwu'' na egwu na ''Love Me Back.'' <ref>{{Cite book|author=Sullivan, Jazmine, 1987- James, Stori. Sincere, Josephine. Bremner, Freedom. Crockett, Alison. Cooper, Damon. Maiysha. Suter, Alexis P. S.Maily. Miata, Mia.|title=Soul in the city.|date=2004|publisher=Glory Records|oclc=320957015}}</ref> Sullivan dere ma dekọọ ya na ndị na-emepụta Cool &amp;amp; Dre egwu akpọrọ " Kwuo m " na ndị na-emepụta Cool &amp;amp; Dre ; Enyere ya enyi nwanyị Dre Christina Milian n'oge ahụ maka album nke atọ ya, ''So Amazin''' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livexlive.com/artist/jazmine-sullivan|title=Jazmine Sullivan - LiveXLive - Premium Live Music|work=LiveXLive.com|accessdate=November 5, 2011}}</ref> Egwu a ghọrọ onye ndu otu, na-arị elu na nọmba 13 na egwu R&B/Hip-Hop dị ọkụ yana iru nọmba 21 na eserese Hot 100 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/christina-milian|title=Christina Milian Chart History|work=Billboard}}</ref> Sullivan's breakthrough song, " Need U Bad " wepụtara na Mee 2008. <ref name="allhiphop.com">{{Cite news|url=https://allhiphop.com/news/sunday-selection-jazmine-sullivan-need-u-bad-MgTy34Z7S0OJ94NifRoFTg/|title=Sunday Selection: Jazmine Sullivan - "Need U Bad"|work=AllHipHop.com|date=June 15, 2008|archive-date=May 1, 2019|access-date=April 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501181843/https://allhiphop.com/news/sunday-selection-jazmine-sullivan-need-u-bad-MgTy34Z7S0OJ94NifRoFTg/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The song featured additional vocals by Missy Elliott and Sandy "Pepa" Denton of Salt-n-Pepa, emesia debuted na nọmba 37 na Billboard Hot 100 na nọ n'elu Hot R &amp;amp; B / [[Hip hop music|Hip Hop]] Songs maka 34 izu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/jazmine-sullivan/chart-history|title=Jazmine Sullivan Chart History|work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}</ref> == Ụdị egwu na nka == N'otu aka ahụ, olu Sullivan na-agbanwe n'etiti "mmepụta ọgbara ọhụrụ" na "ụda mmetụta 1980" nke ndị nkatọ egwu na-ekwu na-enye ya "ụda hip hop ụlọ akwụkwọ ochie ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blackmusicscholar.com/jazmine-sullivan/|title=Jazmine Sullivan|date=November 3, 2017|work=Black Music Scholar|accessdate=April 7, 2022|archivedate=May 8, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508195452/https://blackmusicscholar.com/jazmine-sullivan/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Williams|first=Justin A.|title=The Construction of Jazz Rap as High Art in Hip-Hop Music|date=July 5, 2017|journal=From Soul to Hip Hop|pages=149–173|doi=10.4324/9781315093819-6}}</ref> Ụdị olu ya bụ contralto . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/music/2015/04/21/sullivan-shares-her-stirring-reality-royale/WOp1QlCXgmbzkzi259IgLL/story.html|title=Jazmine Sullivan shares her stirring 'Reality' at Royale|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=April 21, 2015|accessdate=March 15, 2018|first=Maura|author=Johnston}}</ref> Olu ya nwere ike siri ike na ndekọ niile ma jikọta nke ọma n'etiti A2 na G5 .  ya nwere "olu dị nro ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instyle.com/news/jazmine-sullivan-interview-raspy-voice|title=Jazmine Sullivan on Her Famously Raspy Voice and Wanting to Sound Like Mariah Carey|date=July 15, 2015|work=InStyle.com|language=en}}</ref> Ọ kọwara ụdị edemede ya dị ka “mgbagha azụ”, n'ịtụ aka na egwu ya gbasara mmekọrịta dara ada bụ nke na-akparị anụ ahụ na nke mmụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1016-jazmine-sullivan-on-songwritings-labor-of-love/|title=Jazmine Sullivan on Songwriting's Labor of Love|date=February 9, 2016|work=Pitchfork|accessdate=May 1, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.essence.com/news/jazmine-sullivan-opens-about-finding-joy-after-abuse/|title=Jazmine Sullivan Opens Up About Finding Joy After Abuse|work=Essence|language=en-US|accessdate=August 15, 2017}}</ref> Egwu ya na-egosipụta nzaghachi ya na mmekọrịta ndị a nke ọma na egwu ya " Bust Your Windows ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://revolt.tv/stories/2016/08/04/apparently-jazmine-sullivans-bust-windows-wasnt-poppin-song-3517d33cc0|title=Apparently Jazmine Sullivan's "Bust Your Windows" wasn't just a poppin' song|date=August 4, 2016|work=REVOLT TV|language=en|accessdate=April 7, 2022|archivedate=May 1, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501224453/https://revolt.tv/stories/2016/08/04/apparently-jazmine-sullivans-bust-windows-wasnt-poppin-song-3517d33cc0}}</ref> Ọ na-amasị ya ide banyere mmetụta ọ na-enwe, nke n'aka nke ya, na-ewe otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ihe ruru otu ọnwa iji mezue. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsok.com/article/feed/1212142/jazmine-sullivan-to-beyonce-lets-make-lemonade-together/|title=Jazmine Sullivan to Beyonce: Let's make lemonade together!|date=April 28, 2017|work=NewsOK.com}}</ref> N'oge ndekọ nke album Reality Show, Sullivan jiri oge dị ukwuu na-emegharị ma na-edegharị ya, na ndị na-emepụta ihe ga-amanye ya ka ọ hapụ album ahụ iji gbochie nkwụsị oge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greensboro.com/entertainment/jazmine-sullivan-grammy-nods-and-getting-her-groove-back/article_fc0a41c7-67da-5ca7-ab52-3097b192e53a.html|title=Jazmine Sullivan: Grammy nods and getting her groove back|author=Press|first=Melanie J. Sims The Associated|work=Greensboro News and Record|accessdate=February 4, 2016}}</ref> A maara Sullivan nke ọma maka ide egwu nke ya nke na-eme ka ama ama ya na ndị nkatọ na ndị na-akwado ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/02/toughest-song-i-wrote-jazmine-sullivan-brand-new.html|title=The Toughest Song I Wrote: Jazmine Sullivan on What Happens When a Kendrick Feature Falls Through|date=February 8, 2016|work=Vulture.com|accessdate=February 14, 2016}}</ref> Edepụtara egwu Sullivan " Bust Your Windows " na nọmba 137 na ndepụta National Public Radio nke abụ 200 Kachasị Kasị Mma Site na narị afọ nke 21st ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="npr.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/627396669/turning-the-tables-the-200-greatest-songs-by-21st-century-women-part-4|title=The 200 Greatest Songs By 21st Century Women+ (140-121)|work=NPR.org|language=en|accessdate=October 12, 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Na Mee 11, 2020, Sullivan kwupụtara na nne ya Pam achọpụtala ọrịa kansa na-egbu egbu na Ọktoba 2019. <ref name="Essence 2020">{{Cite web|author=Grant|first=Jasmine|title=Jazmine Sullivan Loves And Uplifts Her Mom As She Battles Breast Cancer|url=https://www.essence.com/love/celebrity-mothers-day-posts-2020/|work=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]]|date=May 11, 2020|accessdate=June 12, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jazmine Sullivan's Mother Has Breast Cancer, Singer Shaves Her Head In Solidarity [VIDEO]|url=https://classipress.co.ke/jazmine-sullivans-mother-has-breast-cancer-singer-shaves-her-head-in-solidarity-video/|accessdate=June 12, 2020|work=[[MadameNoire]]|date=May 11, 2020|archive-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612231510/https://classipress.co.ke/jazmine-sullivans-mother-has-breast-cancer-singer-shaves-her-head-in-solidarity-video/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ozi Instagram ya, o dere, sị: "Ọ bụrụ na ịbụ nwa gị nwanyị kụziiri m otu ihe bụ ka esi arụ ọrụ na ihe jọrọ njọ, na-egbu mgbu ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ nkà". <ref name="Essence 2020" /> == Ihe ngosi == * ''Atụghị egwu'' (2008) * ''Hụrụ m n'anya azụ'' (2010) * ''Ihe ngosi eziokwu'' (2015) * ''Akụkọ Heaux'' (2021) == Njegharị egwu egwu == ; Isi akụkọ * Njem ihe ngosi nke eziokwu (2015) * Njegharị Heaux Tales (2022) ; Nchịkọta isiokwu * Afọ nke njem ndị Gentlemen (2009) == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Organization ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Category ! scope="col" |Nominated work ! scope="col" |Result ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |American Music Awards | rowspan="3" |2021 |Favorite Soul/R&amp;amp;B Female Artist |Herself | {{Nom}} | rowspan="3" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/awards/9652065/2021-ama-nominations-list-american-music-awards|title=Olivia Rodrigo Leads 2021 American Music Awards Nominations: Full List}}</ref> |- |Favorite Soul/R&amp;amp;B Album |''Heaux Tales'' | {{Nom}} |- |Favorite Soul/R&amp;amp;B Song |"Pick Up Your Feelings" | {{Nom}} |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" |BET Awards | rowspan="3" |2009 |Best Female R&amp;amp;B Artist | rowspan="3" |Herself | {{Nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/awards/2009/06/best-male-rbthe-dreamjamie-foxxryan-lesliene-yot-pain--best-female-rb-artistbeyonc%C3%A9-knowleskeyshia-colekeri-hilsonjennifer-h.html|title=BET Awards 2009 list of winners|date=June 18, 2009|work=LA Times Blogs - Awards Tracker|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2009/nominees.html?cid=facebook|title=BET Awards 2009 Winners & Nominees|work=BET.com|accessdate=May 1, 2019|archive-date=September 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920205133/https://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2009/nominees.html?cid=facebook|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Best New Artist | {{Nom}} |- |J Award | {{Won}} |- |2015 |Centric Award |"Dumb" | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |Album of the Year |''Heaux Tales'' | {{Won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nordyke|first=Kimberly|title=BET Awards: Winners List (Updating Live)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/bet-awards-2021-winners-list-1234974508/|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=June 28, 2021|date=June 27, 2021}}</ref> |- |Best Female R&B Artist |Herself | {{Nom}} |- ! scope="row" |<nowiki><i id="mwAiA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music |2010 |Rising Star Award |Herself | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949865/jazmine-sullivan-thrilled-to-succeed-gaga-as-billboards-rising-star|title=Jazmine Sullivan Thrilled to Succeed Gaga As Billboard's Rising Star|work=Billboard|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="15" scope="row" |Grammy Awards | rowspan="5" |2009 |Best New Artist |Herself | {{Nom}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/grammys/2008-12-03-grammy-nominations_N.htm|title=Nominations for the 51st Grammy Awards|work=[[USA Today]]|date=February 4, 2009|accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref> |- |Best Female R&amp;amp;B Vocal Performance |"Need U Bad" | {{Nom}} |- |Best Traditional R&amp;amp;B Performance |"In Love With Another Man" | {{Nom}} |- |Best R&amp;amp;B Song |"Bust Your Windows" | {{Nom}} |- |Best Contemporary R&amp;amp;B Album |''Fearless'' | {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | rowspan="2" |"Lions, Tigers &amp;amp; Bears" | {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2010/01/29/123139144/one-diva-at-a-time-r-b-at-the-grammys|title=One Diva At A Time: R&B At The Grammys|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|accessdate=July 13, 2012}}</ref> |- |Best R&B Song | {{Nom}} |- |2011 |Best Female R&B Vocal Performance |"Holding You Down (Goin' in Circles)" | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hiphopnc.com/1251361/2011-grammy-nominations-jazmine-rihanna-sade-fantasia-nicki-up-for-awards/|title=2011 Grammy Nominations! Jazmine, Rihanna, Sade, Fantasia & Nicki Up For Awards!|date=December 2, 2010|work=K97.5|accessdate=January 19, 2011}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |Best Traditional R&B Performance | rowspan="2" |"Let It Burn" | {{Nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/awards/grammys-2016-jazmine-sullivans-reality-show/|title=You Almost Didn't Get to Hear Jazmine Sullivan's Grammy-Nominated Album|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|accessdate=September 12, 2016}}</ref> |- |Best R&B Song | {{Nom}} |- |Best R&amp;amp;B Album |''Reality Show'' | {{Nom}} |- |2020 |Best Traditional R&B Performance |"Built for Love" | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |Best R&amp;amp;B Performance | rowspan="2" |"Pick Up Your Feelings" | {{Won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Silk Sonic]] for "[[Leave the Door Open]]".}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/2022-grammys-complete-winners-nominees-nominations-list|title=2022 GRAMMYs Awards Show: Complete Nominations List|work=Grammy|accessdate=November 23, 2021|archive-date=December 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220010438/https://www.grammy.com/Grammys/news/2022-Grammys-complete-winners-nominees-nominations-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Best R&amp;amp;B Song | {{Nom}} |- |Best R&amp;amp;B Album |''Heaux Tales'' | {{Won}} |- ! rowspan="9" scope="row" |NAACP Image Awards |2009 |Outstanding New Artist |Herself | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2009/biz/awards/bees-flies-high-at-image-awards-1117998104/|title='Bees' flies high at Image Awards|author=Hite|first=N'neka|date=January 7, 2009|work=Variety|language=en|accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-imageawards-idUSTRE51C12F20090213|title="Dreamgirl" Hudson dominates NAACP Image awards|date=February 13, 2009|work=Reuters|accessdate=May 1, 2019|language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Outstanding Female Artist |Herself | {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="NAACP 2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6792632/naacp-image-awards-nominees-2016|title=Janet Jackson Leads 2016 NAACP Image Awards Music Nominations|work=Billboard|accessdate=May 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2016-naacp-image-award-winners-862137|title=NAACP Image Awards: The Complete Winners List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=September 12, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Outstanding Song |"Let It Burn" | {{Nom}} |- |2018 |"Insecure" | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- |2021 | rowspan="2" |Outstanding Female Artist | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 NAACP Image Awards: The Complete Winners List|url=https://www.etonline.com/2021-naacp-image-awards-winners-list-162717|work=[[E! Online]]|accessdate=June 28, 2021|date=March 29, 2021|archivedate=April 15, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415125256/https://www.etonline.com/2021-naacp-image-awards-winners-list-162717}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2022 | {{Won}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Spivey|first=Kemberlie|date=2022-01-19|title=2022 NAACP Image Awards Nominations: The Full List|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kemberliespivey/2022/01/18/2022-naacp-image-awards-nominations-the-full-list/|accessdate=2022-01-20|work=[[Forbes]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominees Archive|url=https://naacpimageawards.net/nominees/|accessdate=2022-02-27|work=NAACP Image Awards|language=en-US|archivedate=2017-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206053924/http://www.naacpimageawards.net/nominees}}</ref> |- |Outstanding Album |''Heaux Tales'' | {{Won}} |- |Outstanding Duo, Group or Collaboration (Traditional) |"Girl Like Me" <small>(featuring H.E.R.</small><small>)</small> | {{Nom}} |- |Outstanding Soul/R&B Song |"Pick Up Your Feelings” | {{Won}} |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" |Soul Train Music Awards |2009 |Best New Artist |Herself | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=2009 Soul Train Awards|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2009/11/04/2009-soul-train-awards/|work=Rap Up}}</ref> |- |2017 |Best Collaboration |"Insecure" <small>(with Bryson Tiller)</small> | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8005601/soul-train-awards-2017-nominees-solange-bruno-mars-bet|title=Solange, Bruno Mars Lead 2017 Soul Train Awards Nominations|publisher=Billboard|date=October 17, 2017|accessdate=October 17, 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |Song of the Year | rowspan="3" |"Pick Up Your Feelings" |{{Nom}} | rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=H.E.R. Is Top Nominee at 2021 Soul Train Awards; Maxwell & Ashanti to Receive Special Awards: Exclusive|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/awards/9654359/her-2021-soul-train-awards-nominees/?utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter|accessdate=2021-11-02|work=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Video of the Year | {{Nom}} |- |The Ashford and Simpson Songwriter of the Year Award | {{Nom}} |- |Best Collaboration |"Girl Like Me" <small>(featuring H.E.R.</small><small>)</small> | {{Nom}} |- |Best R&amp;amp;B/Soul Female Artist |Herself | {{Won}} |- |Album of the Year |''Heaux Tales'' | {{Won}} |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke nọmba Billboard-otu ọba R&amp;amp;B nke 2008 * Ndepụta nke R&amp;amp;B nọmba-otu otu nke 2008 (US ) == Ihe ndetu == {{Notelist}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9jx0jqveq6y79ymjngt2f4nkxzuu7j0 0 12682 727680 721189 2026-09-24T18:06:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eve Martha Badana''' (amụrụ ya na abalị itolu na onwa nke asaa, na afo 1993) bụ onye mgbaru ọsọ [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] mba ụwa nke na-egwu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị maka DLR Waves . Ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Cork City mgbe ọ na-aga Mahadum College Cork . Badana bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị mba Canada na-erubeghị afọ 17 na 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's Cup, mana o kpebiri igwu egwu otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Republic of Ireland na ọkwa dị elu. Ọ meriri okpu mbụ ya maka Ireland na February 2012. == Mbido Ndụ == Nne Badana sitere na County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, wee kwaga Ontario ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Belfast . N'ebe ahụ, ọ hụrụ nna Badana bụ onye Filipino . Badana nwere otu nwanne na otu nwanne. <ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|author=Kelly|first=David|title='I’m extremely grateful' - Eve Badana's journey from Canada to the Irish senior squad|url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/womens-sport/im-extremely-grateful-eve-badanas-journey-from-canada-to-the-irish-senior-squad-40517970.html|accessdate=18 September 2021|publisher=[[Irish Independent]]|date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Badana bụ onye isi ndị otu mpaghara ya Unionville Milliken SC, wee sonye na Toronto Lady Lynx ebe a kpọkwara ya onye isi ma nyere ndị otu Under-20 aka iru eru maka asọmpi Super Y-League 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetriangle.org/news/2011/03/04/Sports/Mens-And.Womens.Soccer.Sign.Quality.Recruits-3983330-page2.shtml.html|title=Men's and women's soccer sign quality recruits|publisher=The Triangle|accessdate=2012-04-01|date=2011-03-11|first=Zack|author=Ssebatindira|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106004457/http://thetriangle.org/news/2011/03/04/Sports/Mens-And.Womens.Soccer.Sign.Quality.Recruits-3983330-page2.shtml.html|archivedate=2012-01-06}}</ref> Na 2011, o kwetara a scholarships na Drexel University . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://drexeldragons.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=2030&path=wsoc|title=Eve Badana|publisher=Drexel University|accessdate=2012-04-01}}</ref> Oge izizi Badana na bọọlụ kọleji hụrụ aha ya na otu egwuregwu Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) All-Rookie yana otu ọgbakọ nke abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/oldd/sports/w-soccer/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/ALLCAA.pdf|title=2011 All-CAA Women’s Soccer Team|publisher=Colonial Athletic Association|accessdate=2012-04-01|archivedate=2014-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320011613/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/oldd/sports/w-soccer/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/ALLCAA.pdf}}</ref> Na 27 Septemba 2016 Badana bịanyere aka na Cork City, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://wnl.fai.ie/news/652-cork-city-women-s-fc-sign-eve-badana.html|title=Cork City Women's FC sign Eve Badana|publisher=WNL.FAI.ie|accessdate=2018-03-12|date=2016-09-27|first=Daniel|author=Walsh|archive-date=2018-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312205242/http://wnl.fai.ie/news/652-cork-city-women-s-fc-sign-eve-badana.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> mgbe o kpebiri ịkwaga Ireland wee gụchaa akwụkwọ gbasara iwu na University College Cork . Na Cork City, ya na Amanda Budden gbara asọmpi maka mmalite. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Corcoran|first=Paul|title=DLR Waves sign Ireland international goalkeeper Eve Badana|url=https://www.extratime.com/articles/23370/dlr-waves-sign-ireland-international-goalkeeper-eve-badana/|accessdate=18 September 2021|publisher=Extratime.com|date=31 July 2019}}</ref> Badana nakweere ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ iwu kwadoro na Dublin wee bịanye aka na DLR Waves n'oge 2019 Women's National League season. <ref name="Fallon">{{Cite news|author=Fallon|first=John|title=Eve Badana has no regrets about switch to Ireland|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/soccer/arid-40309238.html|accessdate=18 September 2021|publisher=[[Irish Examiner]]|date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == === Ntorobia === Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Nwanna André Catholic High School n'obodo ya bụ Markham, Badana gara Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọzụzụ Mba dị na Ontario . Ọ batara n'uche ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị Canada bụ ndị debanyere ya n'òtù ndị na -erubeghị afọ 17 nke mba. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.yorkregion.com/print/843388|title=Ball stops here|publisher=YorkRegion.com|accessdate=2012-04-01|date=2010-07-06|first=Michael|author=Hayakawa}}</ref> Badana bụ akụkụ nke nhọrọ Canada na 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup . <ref name="Fallon" /> === Ndị okenye === N'ịbụ onye ruru eru n'ihi nne mụrụ County Tyrone, Badana gakwuuru Football Association of Ireland banyere ịgbanwere mmekọ mba ụwa, <ref name="Fallon" /> karịa Irish Football Association, bụ ndị otu mba ya na-anọchi anya ndị na-agba bọl na agbụrụ ma ọ bụ nne na nna si Northern Ireland ma nwee ikike. Nwa amaala Irish. Na Septemba 2011 a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị Republic of Ireland maka egwuregwu ntozu UEFA Women's Euro 2013 megide Wales na France . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fai.ie/international/senior-women/102046-ronan-announces-irish-squad-for-euro-2013-qualifiers.html|title=Ronan announces Irish Squad for EURO 2013 qualifiers|publisher=FAI.ie|accessdate=2012-04-01|date=2011-09-07}}</ref> Na mpụta mbụ ya na mba ụwa na February 2012, Badana gbara nkeji 90 nke Ireland 1–0 Algarve Cup meriri Hungary . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fai.ie/international/senior-women/102398-ireland-women-off-to-slow-start-at-algarve-cup.html|title=Ireland Women off to slow start at Algarve Cup|publisher=FAI.ie|accessdate=2012-04-01|date=2012-03-01}}</ref> Na ọnwa nke ise, na afọ 2012 Badana meriri okpu ọzọ dị elu na 1–0 enyi na enyi Switzerland meriri na Stadion Niedermatten <ref>{{Cite news|title=Swiss test gives valuable experience|url=http://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/swiss-test-gives-valuable-experience|accessdate=13 January 2016|publisher=[[Football Association of Ireland]]|date=30 May 2012}}</ref> wee gosipụta nnọchi anya na 1–0 meriri South Africa na 2013 Cyprus Cup . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Second win for Senior Women's Team in Cyprus|url=https://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/second-win-for-senior-womens-team-in-cyprus|accessdate=18 September 2021|publisher=[[Football Association of Ireland]]|date=8 March 2013}}</ref> Na 5 May 2014, onye njikwa Ireland Susan Ronan aha ya bụ Badana na ndị otu nnwale maka enyi na enyi megide obodo Basque . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ronan names squad for Basque friendly|url=http://www.extratime.ie/articles/12188/ronan-names-squad-for-basque-friendly/|accessdate=23 February 2019|publisher=Extratime.ie|date=5 May 2014}}</ref> Badana malitere egwuregwu ahụ na mmeri 2–0 nke Ireland na Azpeitia, nke na-ekewaghị dị ka egwuregwu mba ụwa zuru oke. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ireland lXI [sic] beaten by experienced Basque side|url=https://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/ireland-lxi-beaten-by-experienced-basque-side|accessdate=23 February 2019|publisher=[[Football Association of Ireland]]|date=10 May 2014}}</ref> Ọ nọgidere na-amụ akwụkwọ, na-abụkarị onye a ma ama nke onye mgbaru ọsọ mbụ bụ Emma Byrne . <ref name="Kelly" /> N'ịgbaso ezumike nka mba Niamh Reid Burke na Machị 2021, akpọrọ Badana ka ya na ndị otu onye nchịkwa Ireland Vera Pauw zụọ maka egwuregwu enyi abụọ megide Denmark na Belgium . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Dollery|first=Paul|title=Pauw invites Irish-eligible quartet to join squad ahead of double-header of friendlies|url=https://www.the42.ie/pauw-invites-irish-eligible-quartet-to-join-squad-ahead-of-double-header-of-friendlies-5400643-Apr2021/|accessdate=18 September 2021|work=The42.ie|publisher=[[TheJournal.ie]]|date=4 April 2021}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri na squad na June 2021 maka ọbụbụenyi abụọ megide Iceland, mana ọ ka nwere naanị okpu atọ na-esote mpụta mbụ ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri tupu mgbe ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Patient Eve Badana looking to lay down the law|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2021/0608/1226954-patient-eve-badana-looking-to-lay-down-the-law/|accessdate=18 September 2021|publisher=[[RTÉ Sport]]|date=9 June 2021}}</ref> Badana nọchikwara anya Ireland na mbipụta 2013, 2015 na 2017 nke Summer Universiade. <ref name="Mex">{{Cite web|title=Match Report Mex-IRL 0:0|url=https://data.2017.gov.taipei/atos/prod/resTP2017/pdf/TP2017/FB/TP2017_FB_C73_FBW400B03.pdf|publisher=[[2017 Summer Universiade]]|archivedate=4 August 2019|date=18 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804193150/https://data.2017.gov.taipei/atos/prod/resTP2017/pdf/TP2017/FB/TP2017_FB_C73_FBW400B03.pdf|accessdate=17 September 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Match Report - Irl - Cze 1:5|url=http://www.gwangju2015.com/IRS/resGJ2015/pdf/GJ2015/FB/GJ2015_FB_C73_FBW400A05.pdf|publisher=[[2015 Summer Universiade]]|accessdate=17 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125625/http://www.gwangju2015.com/IRS/resGJ2015/pdf/GJ2015/FB/GJ2015_FB_C73_FBW400A05.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2016|date=4 July 2015}}</ref> <ref name="kazan">{{Cite web|title=Ireland Athlete List|url=http://kazan2013.com/ru/hide/0/Root/CountryInfo/IRL|publisher=[[2013 Summer Universiade]]|accessdate=17 September 2020}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131114105952/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250040924/profile/index.html Eve Badana] na UEFA * Eve Badana ndekọ asọmpi {{DEFAULTSORT:Badana, Eve}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mj6cro4pfc60xuxjtw16fxpu8ukq7sk 0 12687 727819 91024 2026-09-25T04:52:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Irene Browne''' (na abalị iri abụo na anọ na ọnwa asaá na afo 1896 - 24 Julaị 1965) bụ ihe nkiri Bekee na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-agụ egwú pụtara na egwuregwu na egwu gụnyere ''Mba, Mba, Nanette'' . Mgbe e mesịrị na ọrụ ya, ọ bịara na-akpakọrịta karịsịa na ọrụ nke Noël Coward ma mee ihe na fim. == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Irene Browne na London, England. Ọ malitere ọrụ ihe nkiri ya na afọ 1910 dị ka onye ịgba egwu na ụlọ ọrụ HB Irving <ref name="obit">''[[The Times]]'', 26 July 1965, p. 12</ref> wee hichaa n'oge na-adịghị anya n'ọrụ dị egwu, pụtara na ihe nkiri J. Comyns Carr nke ''Dr Jekyll na Mr Hyde'' n'afọ sochiri ya azu. <ref>''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'', 28 April 1911, p. 16</ref> Ruo afọ atọ, ọ mere ihe [[Ostraliya|n'Australia]] ( ''The Times'' mejọrọ ya maka Australian na afọ1915). Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Lọndọn, Browne gbara egwu, na aha aha ''My Lady Frayle'' na Courtice Pounds na 1916. <ref>''The Times'', 28 February 1916, p. 11</ref> Ọ pụtara na revue n'akụkụ Beatrice Lillie na 1922, <ref>''The Times'', 26 October 1922, p. 10</ref> ebe Basil Dean hụrụ ya ma tinye ya na mgbawe nke Arthur Wing Pinero 's ''The Gay Lord Quex'' na Theater Royal, Drury Lane na George Grossmith Jr. nke "o were nnukwu ụlọ were". <ref>''The Times'', 4 April 1923, p. 8</ref> Na 1925, ọ pụtara na mbụ London mmepụta nke ''No, Mba, Nanette'' ("Nwagboho Irene Browne glitters kasị dị ize ndụ"). <ref>''[[The Observer]]'', 15 March 1925, p. 11</ref> N'oge na-adịghị, ọ gara njem afọ abụọ na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|America]] . Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Britain, Browne gbara egwu na Noël Coward 's ''Cavalcade'' (1931) na Drury Lane yana na mmegharị ihe nkiri Hollywood afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ejikọta ya na Coward, na-eke ọrụ na egwu egwu ya na ''mkparịta ụka mkparịta ụka'' (1934), ''After the Ball'' (1954) na ''The Girl Who came to Supper'' (1963), wee pụta na ''Blithe Spirit'' na ''Relative Values'' n'oge ogologo West End na-agba ọsọ. . <ref name="obit">''[[The Times]]'', 26 July 1965, p. 12</ref> <ref>Internet Broadway Database.</ref> Browne mekwara na NC Hunter's ogologo na-agba ọsọ ''Waters of the Moon'' (na-arụ ọrụ nke Edith Evans kere), na-arụkọ ọrụ na Sybil Thorndike . <ref>''The Manchester Guardian'', 30 June 1953, p. 5</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na egwuregwu nke Ivor Novello, Dodie Smith, William Wycherley na St. John Hankin . <ref name="obit">''[[The Times]]'', 26 July 1965, p. 12</ref> Browne rụkwara ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Hollywood. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f3e982a|title=Irene Browne|access-date=2022-04-08|archive-date=2018-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906172612/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f3e982a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Browne nwụrụ na London maka ọrịa kansa na 1965 mgbe ọ dị afọ 69. == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu |- | 1917 | ''Na-aṅụ ihe ọṅụṅụ'' | Gervaise | |- | 1919 | ''Mgbe ọtụtụ ụbọchị gasịrị'' | Connie | |- | 1929 | ''Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ'' | Oriakụ Joyce | |- | 1933 | ''Cavalcade'' | Margaret Harris | |- | 1933 | ''Christopher Strong'' | Carrie Valentine | |- | 1933 | ''Peg o 'Obi m'' | Oriakụ Chichester | |- | 1933 | ''Berkeley Square'' | Nwanyị Ann Pettigrew | |- | 1933 | ''Egbugbere ọnụ m na-ararararara nye'' | Nne Queen Therese | |- | 1936 | ''Onye amateur Gentleman'' | Nwanyị Huntstanton | |- | 1938 | ''Pygmalion'' | Duchess | |- | 1941 | ''Onye isi ala'' | Nwanyị Londonderry | |- | 1941 | ''Kipps'' | Oriakụ Bindon-Botting | |- | 1947 | ''Zute m n'ụtụtụ'' | Mme. Renault | |- | 1948 | ''Akpụkpọ ụkwụ uhie'' | Nwanyị Neston | |- | 1948 | ''Quartet'' | Nwanyị Bland | (ngalaba "The Alien Corn") |- | 1949 | ''Onye ojoo Byron'' | Nwanyị Melbourne | |- | 1949 | ''Trottie Eziokwu'' | Duchess | Ekwughị ya |- | 1950 | ''Madeleine'' | Oriakụ Onyinye | Ekwughị ya |- | 1951 | ''Ụlọ dị na Square'' | Nwanyị Anne Pettigrew | |- | 1957 | ''Bill Barnacle'' | Oriakụ Barrington | |- | 1958 | ''Rooney'' | Oriakụ Maning french | |- | 1959 | ''Ebo dị egwu'' | Oriakụ Phillips | |- | 1963 | ''Ogwe aka na-ezighi ezi nke Iwu'' | Dowager | (ọrụ ihe nkiri ikpeazụ) |} == Ọrụ ọkwa ahọpụtara == * ''Jane'' (1947) == Ihe ndetu == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Irene Browne at IMDb * Irene Browne at the Internet Broadway Database * Irene Browne at AllMovie [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 29wx1h2v82dogl7xbw9wm3jorb2582l 0 12702 727862 721849 2026-09-25T07:55:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727862 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Jennifer Garner at the Fast Company Innovation Festival - 44972951114 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jennifer Garner na Fast Company Innovation Festival]]{{Databox}} '''Jennifer Anne Garner''' (amuru Eprel 17, 1972) bu onye omekorita America. Amụrụ na Houston, [[Texas]], ma zụlite na Charleston, West Virginia, Garner gụrụ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Denison wee malite ime ihe dị ka nwa akwụkwọ maka ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Roundabout na New York City. O mere mpụta mpụta ihuenyo ya na mmegharị ihe onyonyo nke Danielle Steel akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya ''Zoya'' na 1995. O nwere ihe ngosi telivishọn ndị ọbịa na ọrụ ihe nkiri na-akwado, yana ọrụ egosipụtara na usoro ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ntorobịa nke ''oge ndụ gị'' (1999 – 2000) yana ọrụ nkwado na ihe nkiri agha ''Pearl Harbor'' (2001). Garner na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwado maka agụmakwụkwọ nwata ma bụrụ onye otu bọọdụ Save the Children USA . Ọ bụ onye ngalaba-nchoputa na onye isi ika nke ụlọ ọrụ nri nwa nwa organic Ozugbo N'ugbo. Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado mgbasa ozi mgbochi paparazzi n'etiti ụmụaka ndị a ma ama. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Garner na Eprel 17, 1972, na Houston, Texas, mana ọ kwagara Charleston, West Virginia, mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ. Nna ya, William John Garner, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye injinia kemịkalụ maka Union Carbide ; nne ya, Patricia Ann English, bụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ ma mesịa bụrụ onye nkuzi Bekee na kọleji dị n'ógbè ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/entertainment/movies/2012/08/jennifer_garner_interview.html|title=Jennifer Garner interview: Still the girl next door|date=August 12, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816180252/https://www.nj.com/entertainment/movies/2012/08/jennifer_garner_interview.html|archivedate=August 16, 2021}}</ref> O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ. <ref name="telegraph1">{{Cite news|first=Stephen|author=Saban|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3590033/Fighting-fit.html|title=Fighting fit|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=February 16, 2003|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> Garner akọwawo onwe ya dị ka nwa na-ahụkarị nke na-achọ ikewapụta onwe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị nke tọrọ ya. <ref name="telegraph2">{{Cite news|first=Helena|author=de Bertodano|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/9954437/Jennifer-Garner-interview-Mrs-Ben-Affleck-on-juggling-fame-and-family.html|title=Jennifer Garner interview: Mrs Ben Affleck on juggling fame and family|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=April 1, 2013|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Pringle">{{Cite news|author=Pringle|first=Gill|title=Jennifer Garner: Actress with the ex factor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/jennifer-garner-actress-with-the-ex-factor-1679610.html|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=June 10, 2013|date=May 6, 2009}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Garner etobeghị n'ụlọ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nna ya bụ "ezigbo nchekwa " yana nne ya "dị jụụ na- acha anụnụ anụnụ ". <ref name="stern1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/09/05/jennifer-garner-pregnant-talks-butter-and-ben-affleck-at-telluride.html|title=Jennifer Garner's Screwball Turn|first=Marlow|author=Stern|date=September 5, 2011|work=[[The Daily Beast]]}}</ref> Ọ na-aga Chọọchị United Methodist dị n'ógbè ahụ kwa Sunday ma gaa Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Bible ezumike . <ref name="nationalpost1">{{Cite news|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/arts/movies/miracles-from-heavens-jennifer-garner-on-her-emotional-role-in-miracles-from-heaven-and-keeping-it-professional|title=Jennifer Garner on her latest emotional role and keeping it professional as a mom, on and offscreen|first=Bob|author=Thompson|date=March 8, 2016|work=[[National Post]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ha na-eto eto, e              ekweghị ka ya na ụmụnne ya nọrọ ka ha na-ete mma, tee ntu ha, ; <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bianco|first=Robert|title=Sydney Bristow in the flesh|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/enter/tv/2002/2002-02-01-garner.htm|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=January 8, 2013|date=January 31, 2002}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|first=Bobbi|author=Brown|url=https://www.yahoo.com/beauty/jennifer-garner-is-done-with-diets-108660786148.html|title=Jennifer Garner is Done with Diets & High-Maintenance Beauty|work=[[Yahoo!]]|date=January 21, 2015|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> ọ kwara njakịrị na "ihe ezinụlọ ya mere n'ụwa" bụ " Amish n'ezie ". <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/movies/2014/10/17/Treading-warily-around-social-media/stories/201410170008|title=Jennifer Garner is treading warily around social media|first=Barbara|author=Vancheri|date=October 17, 2014|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị George Washington na Charleston. <ref name="holidays">{{Cite news|title=Garner happy to be home for holidays|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2003-12-26-garner-home_x.htm|work=USA Today|accessdate=January 8, 2013|date=December 26, 2003}}</ref> Na 1990, Garner debanyere aha na Mahadum Denison na Granville, Ohio, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://coedmagazine.com/2007/08/02/co-ed-interview-with-jennifer-garner/|title=CO-ED Interview with Jennifer Garner|work=[[COED (website)|COED]]|date=August 2, 2007|accessdate=August 1, 2010|archivedate=July 7, 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120707123829/http://coedmagazine.com/2007/08/02/co-ed-interview-with-jennifer-garner/}}</ref> ebe ọ gbanwere isi ya site na kemistri gaa na ihe nkiri <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oprah.com/oprahsbookclub/Books-That-Made-a-Difference-to-Jennifer-Garner|title=What's on Jennifer Garner's Bookshelf?|date=September 2009|work=[[Oprah.com]]|accessdate=March 18, 2019|archivedate=March 26, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326053813/http://www.oprah.com/oprahsbookclub/Books-That-Made-a-Difference-to-Jennifer-Garner}}</ref> ma bụrụ onye otu Pi Beta Phi sorority. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sprankles|first=Julie|title=Jennifer Garner and 30 other celebrities in sororities|url=http://www.sheknows.com/entertainment/articles/1069871/jennifer-garner-and-other-celebrities-in-sororities|work=SheKnows|accessdate=July 2, 2017|date=January 16, 2015}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ na semester ọdịda nke 1993 na-agụ akwụkwọ na National Theater Institute na Eugene O'Neill Theatre Center na Waterford, Connecticut . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/BWW-Exclusive-NTI-Changed-My-Life-Jennifer-Garner-20150209|title=BWW Exclusive: NTI Changed My Life – Jennifer Garner|work=Broadway World|date=February 9, 2015|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> N'oge okpomọkụ nke kọleji, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ihe nkiri okpomọkụ. Na 1994, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts na arụmọrụ ihe nkiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.denison.edu/offices/publicaffairs/pressreleases/garner.html|title=Denison Graduate and ''Alias'' Star Jennifer Garner To Speak at Provost Alumni Series Convocation|publisher=Denison University|date=September 16, 2002|accessdate=April 3, 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120731122533/http://www.denison.edu/offices/publicaffairs/pressreleases/garner.html|archivedate=July 31, 2012}}</ref> == Ọrụ ime ihe == === Mgbakwasa nkuzi nwata === [[Usòrò:Early_Learning_Bill.jpg|thumb| Garner ya na nwata akwụkwọ na mmemme Capitol Hill na 2013]] Na 2009, Garner ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya nka maka Save the Children USA, na-akwalite agụmakwụkwọ mba, nri nri, na mbọ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Freydkin|first=Donna|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2009-05-01-garner-instyle_N.htm|title=Garner: 'As frazzled as any working mother'|work=USA Today|date=May 1, 2009|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8lKp2rZdTw|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055305/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8lKp2rZdTw&gl=US&hl=en|archivedate=February 2, 2019|title=Jennifer Garner Lends a Hand|author=CBS|date=April 30, 2010|accessdate=April 19, 2017|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Kemgbe 2014, Garner na-eje ozi na kọmitii ndị nlekọta maka nzukọ ahụ, <ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2015/07/01/ben-afflecks-career-survived-daredevil-but-jennifer-garner-never-recovered-from-elektra/|title=Ben Affleck Survived 'Daredevil,' But Jennifer Garner Never Recovered From 'Elektra'|author=Mendelson|first=Scott|date=July 1, 2015|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=March 18, 2019}}</ref> na-akwado maka agụmakwụkwọ nwata. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Save the Children Artist Ambassador Jennifer Garner Joins Capitol Hill Push to Expand Early Education in America|author=Weinberg|first=Tanya|url=http://www.savethechildren.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=8rKLIXMGIpI4E&b=8486803&ct=13392075|work=[[Save the Children]]|date=November 13, 2013|accessdate=August 30, 2014|archivedate=October 3, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003081929/http://www.savethechildren.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=8rKLIXMGIpI4E&b=8486803&ct=13392075}}</ref> Dịka onye nnọchi anya, ọ na-eso ezinụlọ na-eso na mmemme ịga nke ọma ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eleta ugboro ugboro, nke na-azụ ezinụlọ iji nyere ụmụaka aka ịmụta n'oge mbụ. === Nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic === [[Usòrò:Jennifer Garner and John Foraker at the Fast Company Innovation Festival - 44972951114.jpg|thumb|Jennifer Garner na John Foraker na Ememme Innovation Company Fast]] Na 2002, Garner na-esere mgbasa ozi telivishọn 30 nke abụọ maka enyi ya bụ Corey Palumbo, bụ onye na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic maka West Virginia House of Delegates . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Marks|first=Rusty|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-13806435.html|title=Garnering recognition: Candidate enlists 'Alias' star for political ad|work=[[The Charleston Gazette]]|date=October 18, 2002|accessdate=April 3, 2017|archive-date=March 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165556/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-13806435.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2006, o kwuru okwu na nnọkọ nkwado nke onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi Democratic Jerry McNerney na Pleasanton, California . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jennifer Garner helps build support for McNerney|url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/argus/localnews/ci_4607118|work=[[East Bay Times]]|author=Becker|first=Andrew|date=November 5, 2006}}</ref> Na 2008, ọ kwadoro ndị na-akwado ego abụọ maka [[Barack Obama]] n'oge 2008 Democratic Primary . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2008/03/17/affleck_garner_create_their_own_political_party/|title=Affleck, Garner create their own political party|work=[[Boston.com]]|accessdate=October 8, 2014|first=Carol|author=Beggy|date=March 17, 2008|archive-date=August 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814191019/http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2008/03/17/affleck_garner_create_their_own_political_party/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, Garner kwuru na ya "abụghị onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'èzí". <ref name="radiofree1">{{Cite web|url=http://movies.radiofree.com/interviews/thekingd_jennifer_garner.shtml|title=Jennifer Garner Interviews, The Kingdom|first=Michael J.|author=Lee|work=RadioFree.com|date=August 24, 2007|accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref> Na 2014, Garner nyere $25,000 maka mkpọsa nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic Wendy Davis . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/gallery/Wendy-Davis-famous-donors-90077.php|title=Wendy Davis' famous donors|first=Dana|author=Guthrie|date=July 21, 2014|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|accessdate=August 30, 2014}}</ref> N'oge mgbasa ozi onye isi ala nke 2016, Garner kwadoro onye ntinye ego na nkwado nke Hillary Clinton na Bozeman, Montana . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/blogs/politics/actress-jennifer-garner-in-bozeman-to-pool-cash-for-candidate/article_939aa953-cd00-587f-856f-898e1abfbdf5.html|title=Actress Jennifer Garner in Bozeman to pool cash for candidate|author=Carter|first=Troy|date=August 17, 2016|work=[[Bozeman Daily Chronicle]]}}</ref> Garner garakwa ndebanye aha ndị ntuli aka na mmemme ụlọ akụ ekwentị iji kwado Clinton na Reno, Nevada . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mynews4.com/news/local/jennifer-garner-campaigns-for-hillary-clinton-in-reno|title=Jennifer Garner Campaigns for Hillary Clinton|date=October 11, 2016|work=[[KRNV-DT|News4]]|accessdate=March 18, 2019|archivedate=October 9, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092820/https://mynews4.com/news/local/jennifer-garner-campaigns-for-hillary-clinton-in-reno}}</ref> === Ozugbo n'elu ugbo === Garner na John Foraker kwadoro organic, ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ nri nwa ọhụrụ Ozugbo N'elu Ugbo na 2018; Garner bụkwa onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ. N'afọ 2019, Ozugbo N'elu Ugbo ghọrọ nri nwa ọhụrụ etinyere na friji dị maka ezinaụlọ ndị tozuru oke WIC . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Troitino|first=Christina|title=How Jennifer Garner Is Democratizing Baby Food For Underserved Families|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinatroitino/2019/03/05/how-jennifer-garner-is-democratizing-baby-food-for-underserved-families/#2b565d2f1a17|accessdate=March 22, 2020|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == === Mmekọrịta na ezinụlọ === Garner zutere onye otu kpakpando Scott Foley na set nke ''Felicity'' na 1998. Ha lụrụ n’ememe n’ụlọ ha n’October 19, 2000. Di na nwunye ahụ kewara na March 2003. Garner gbara akwụkwọ maka ịgba alụkwaghịm na Mee 2003, na-ekwu maka esemokwu na-enweghị nkwekọrịta, na akwụkwọ ịgba alụkwaghịm bịanyere aka na March 2004. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/jennifer-garner-80d8hv50bkm|title=Jennifer Garner|first=Garth|author=Pearce|date=August 8, 2004|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> Ọ kpalitere onye na-arụkọ ọrụ ''Alias'' Michael Vartan site n'August 2003 ruo etiti 2004. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Keck|first=William|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2004-09-01-alias_x.htm|title=Garnering attention|work=USA Today|date=September 2, 2004|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Keck|first=William|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-05-12-vartan_x.htm|title=Stay tuned for more Michael Vartan|work=USA Today|date=May 12, 2005|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> Garner malitere ịlụ Ben Affleck n'etiti afọ 2004, guzobe ọbụbụenyi na ntọala ''Pearl Harbor'' (2001) na ''Daredevil'' (2003). Ha lụrụ na June 29, 2005, na ememe ndị Turks na Caicos nkeonwe. Victor Garber, bụ onye na-elekọta ememe ahụ, na di ya mechara, Rainer Andreesen, bụ nanị ndị ọbịa. <ref>Garber on ''[[View (usoro ihe onyonyo US)|The View]]'' September 27, 2006, via {{Cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news/garber-ordained-to-officiate-garner-and-affleck-wedding_1009479|title=Garber Ordained To Officiate Garner And Affleck Wedding|work=ContactMusic.com|date=September 28, 2006|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archivedate=March 31, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331012241/http://www.contactmusic.com/news/garber-ordained-to-officiate-garner-and-affleck-wedding_1009479}}</ref> Garner na Affleck nwere ụmụ atọ ọnụ: ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Violet Anne Affleck mụrụ na 2005 na Seraphina Rose Elizabeth Affleck a mụrụ na 2009, na otu nwa nwoke, Samuel Garner Affleck mụrụ na 2012. Di na nwunye ahụ kwuputara ebumnuche ha ịgba alụkwaghịm na June 2015, wee gbakọta akwụkwọ iwu n'April 2017, na-achọ nkwado anụ ahụ na nke iwu kwadoro nke ụmụ ha. Emechara ịgba alụkwaghịm na October 2018. Garner kwadoro mgba Affleck na-alụ n'oge na mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ha ma kwuo na 2020 na ịga nzukọ Al-Anon gbanwere "egwu" nke mmekọrịta ha. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jennifer Garner on Mother Growing Up in Poverty, Fame & Marriage|url=https://www.etonline.com/jennifer-garner-on-how-her-mother-grew-up-in-poverty-fame-and-being-married-in-hollywood-155087|accessdate=November 22, 2020|work=Entertainment Tonight}}</ref> === Okpukpe === Ọ bụ ezie na Garner kwụsịrị ịga chọọchị mgbe ọ kwagara Los Angeles, ụmụ ya atọ mere baptizim dị ka ndị otu United Methodist Church n'obodo ya bụ Charleston, West Virginia . <ref name="nationalpost1" /> Na 2015, ya na ezinụlọ ya malitere ịga ọrụ ụka Methodist kwa izu na Los Angeles. <ref name="nationalpost1" /><ref name="nationalpost1" /> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Role ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notes |- ! scope="row" |1997 |''In Harm's Way'' |Kelly | |- ! scope="row" |1997 |''Deconstructing Harry'' |Woman in elevator | |- ! scope="row" |1997 |''Washington Square'' |Marian Almond | |- ! scope="row" |1997 |''Mr. Magoo'' |Stacey Sampanahoditra | |- ! scope="row" |1997 | data-sort-value="Nineteen Ninety-Nine" |''1999'' |Annabell | |- ! scope="row" |2000 |''Dude, Where's My Car?'' |Wanda | |- ! scope="row" |2001 |''Stealing Time'' |Kiley Bradshaw | |- ! scope="row" |2001 |''Pearl Harbor'' |Nurse Sandra | |- ! scope="row" |2002 |''Catch Me If You Can'' |Cheryl Ann |Cameo |- ! scope="row" |2003 |''Daredevil'' |Elektra Natchios | |- ! scope="row" |2004 | data-sort-value="Thirteen Going on Thirty" |''13 Going on 30'' |Jenna Rink | |- ! scope="row" |2005 |''Elektra'' |Elektra Natchios | |- ! scope="row" |2006 |''Catch and Release'' |Gray Wheeler | |- ! scope="row" |2007 | data-sort-value="Kingdom, The" |''The Kingdom'' |Janet Mayes | |- ! scope="row" |2007 |''Juno'' |Vanessa Loring | |- ! scope="row" |2009 |''Ghosts of Girlfriends Past'' |Jenny Perotti | |- ! scope="row" |2009 | data-sort-value="Invention of Lying, The" |''The Invention of Lying'' |Anna McDoogles | |- ! scope="row" |2010 |''Valentine's Day'' |Julia Fitzpatrick | |- ! scope="row" |2011 |''Arthur'' |Susan Johnson | |- ! scope="row" |2011 |''Butter'' |Laura Pickler |Also producer |- ! scope="row" |2012 | data-sort-value="Odd Life of Timothy Green, The" |''The Odd Life of Timothy Green'' |Cindy Green | |- ! scope="row" |2013 |''Dallas Buyers Club'' |Dr. Eve Saks | |- ! scope="row" |2014 |''Draft Day'' |Ali Parker | |- ! scope="row" |2014 |''Men, Women &amp;amp; Children'' |Patricia Beltmeyer | |- ! scope="row" |2014 |''Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day'' |Kelly Cooper | |- ! scope="row" |2015 |''Danny Collins'' |Samantha Leigh Donnelly | |- ! scope="row" |2016 |''Miracles from Heaven'' |Christy Beam | |- ! scope="row" |2016 |''Mother's Day'' |Dana Barton | |- ! scope="row" |2016 |''Nine Lives'' |Lara Brand | |- ! scope="row" |2016 |''Wakefield'' |Diana Wakefield | |- ! scope="row" |2017 | data-sort-value="Happening of Monumental Proportions, A" |''A Happening of Monumental Proportions'' |Nadine | |- ! scope="row" |2017 | data-sort-value="Tribes of Palos Verdes, The" |''The Tribes of Palos Verdes'' |Sandy Mason | |- ! scope="row" |2018 |''Love, Simon'' |Emily Spier | |- ! scope="row" |2018 |''Peppermint'' |Riley North | |- ! scope="row" |2019 |''Wonder Park'' |Mom (voice) | |- ! scope="row" |2021 |''Yes Day'' |Allison Torres |Also producer |- ! scope="row" |2022 |''The Adam Project'' |Ellie Reed | |- |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" | Aha ! scope="col" | Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ihe ndetu |- ! scope="row" | 1995 | ''Zoya nke Danielle Steel'' | Sasha | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- ! scope="row" | 1996 | ''Owuwe ihe ubi nke ọkụ'' | Sarah Troyer | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- ! scope="row" | 1996 | ''Njem Nwoke Nwụrụ Anwụ'' | Clara Forsythe | Ụlọ ọrụ ministri |- ! scope="row" | 1996 | ''Swift Justice'' | Allison | Ihe omume: "Enweghị ihe mgbochi" |- ! scope="row" | 1996 | ''Iwu &amp;amp; Iwu'' | Jaime | Ihe omume: " Mkpa n'azụ " |- ! scope="row" | 1996 | ''Obodo Spin'' | Becky | Ihe omume: "Asọmpi" |- ! scope="row" | 1997 | data-sort-value="Player, The" | ''Onye na-egwu egwu'' | Celia Levison | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- ! scope="row" | 1997 | ''Rose Hill'' | Mary Rose Clayborne | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- ! scope="row" | 1998 | ''Ndị ọzọ dị mkpa'' | Nell Glennon | Isi ọrụ |- ! scope="row" | 1998 | ''Mmasị'' | Hannah Bibb | Akụkụ 3 |- ! scope="row" | 1999 | ''Ujo mechaa: Ala ọmajiji na New York'' | Diane Agostini | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- ! scope="row" | 1999 | data-sort-value="Pretender, The" | ''Onye pretender'' | Billie Vaughn | Ihe omume: "Ọdọ mmiri" |- ! scope="row" | 1999-2000 | ''Oge nke ndụ gị'' | Romy Sullivan | Isi ọrụ |- ! scope="row" | 2001-2006 | ''Aha aha'' | Sydney Bristow | Isi ọrụ |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''Abalị Satọde Live'' | Onye ọbịa | Ihe omume: "Jennifer Garner / Beck " |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | data-sort-value="Simpsons, The" | ''Ndị Simpson'' | Onwe ya (olu) | Ihe omume: " Treehouse of Horror XIV " |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''Martha na-ekwu'' | Jennifer (olu) | Ihe omume: "ọtụtụ Marthas" |- ! scope="row" | 2018-2019 | ''Llama Llama'' | Mama Llama (olu) | Isi ọrụ |- ! scope="row" | 2018 | ''Ịgba ụlọikwuu'' | Kathryn McSorley-Jodell | Isi ọrụ |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | ''Jụọ AkụkọBots'' | Ndị ọrụ Cell Tower | Ihe nkiri "Kedu ka ekwe ntị si arụ ọrụ?" |- ! scope="row" | 2020 | ''Ụlọ ihe nkiri: The Princess Bride'' | Princess Buttercup / Booer ochie | Ihe omume: "Obi nke obi nkoropụ" |- ! scope="row" | 2020 | ''Mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ!'' | Onwe ya | Ihe onyonyo pụrụ iche <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/cw-women-in-film-variety-show-make-it-work-1203004213/|title=Star-Studded Women In Film Variety Show 'Make It Work!' To Air On The CW|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|author=Del Rosario|first=Alexandra|date=August 4, 2020|accessdate=August 5, 2020}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2022 | ''Bulite'' | Onye uwe ojii Jennifer Garner | Ihe omume: "Budata" <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gelman|first=Vlada|title=Upload Stars, EP Break Down Finale Cliffhanger, Nathan and Nora's Big Moment and That Surprise Cameo|url=https://tvline.com/2022/03/12/upload-recap-season-2-finale-episode-7-cliffhanger-jennifer-garner/|work=TVLine|accessdate=March 13, 2022|date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> |- |} === Ụlọ ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ebe ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 1995 | ''Otu ọnwa na obodo'' | Verochka / Katya | Criterion Center Stage Right | Ọmụmụ |- | 2007 | ''Cyrano de Bergerac'' | Roxane | Richard Rodgers Ụlọ ihe nkiri | |} === Egwuregwu vidiyo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" | Aha ! scope="col" | Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ihe ndetu |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''Aha aha'' | Sydney Bristow (olu) | |} == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} </img> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120402204315/http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/jennifer-garner Jennifer Garner na Emmys.com] * Jennifer Garner * Jennifer Garner * Jennifer Garner </img> {{Navboxes|title=[[List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Garner|Awards for Jennifer Garner]]|list={{Golden Globe Award Best Actress TV Drama}} {{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}} {{MTV Movie Award for Next Generation}} {{Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television}} {{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVDrama}} {{Teen Choice Award Choice TV Actress Drama}}}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 59w4o2q4544gbsq35clyv8w9f20jbv9 0 12758 727895 721949 2026-09-25T10:28:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[Her Excellency]] | name = Joyce Banda | image = President of Malawi Joyce Banda (8985928177).jpg | caption = Banda in 2013 | office = 4th [[President of Malawi]] | vicepresident = [[Khumbo Kachali]] | term_start = 7 April 2012 | term_end = 31 May 2014 | predecessor = [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] | successor = [[Peter Mutharika]] | office1 = [[Vice-President of Malawi|Vice President of Malawi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.opc.gov.mw/index.php/presidency/menu-showcase-2/dr-joyce-banda |title=Archived copy |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426082920/http://www.opc.gov.mw/index.php/presidency/menu-showcase-2/dr-joyce-banda |archive-date=26 April 2018 |url-status=dead |accessdate=11 April 2022 |archivedate=26 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426082920/http://www.opc.gov.mw/index.php/presidency/menu-showcase-2/dr-joyce-banda }}</ref> | president1 = [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] | term_start1 = 29 May 2009 | term_end1 = 7 April 2012 | predecessor1 = [[Cassim Chilumpha]] | successor1 = [[Khumbo Kachali]] | office2 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malawi)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | president2 = [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] | term_start2 = 1 June 2006 | term_end2 = 29 May 2009 | predecessor2 = [[George Chaponda]] | successor2 = [[Etta Banda]] | office3 = Minister of Gender, Child Welfare, and Community Service | president3 = [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] | term_start3 = 2004 | term_end3 = 2006 | birth_name = Joyce Hilda Ntila | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|4|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Malemia, Zomba|Malemia]], [[Nyasaland]]<br />(now [[Malawi]]) | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[United Democratic Front (Malawi)|United Democratic Front]] (Before 2004)<br />[[Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi)|Democratic Progressive Party]] (2004–2010)<br />[[People's Party (Malawi)|People's Party]] (2011–present) | spouse = Roy Kachale (Before 1981)<br />[[Richard Banda]] | children = 5 | alma_mater = [[Columbus University (Louisiana)|Columbus University]]<br />[[Atlantic International University]]<br />[[Royal Roads University]] }}{{Databox}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (née '''Ntila''' ; amụrụ 12 Eprel 1950 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mwnation.com/ew%E2%80%99s-big-interview-joyce-banda/|title=EW's big Interview: Joyce Banda|publisher=The Nation|date=21 September 2014|accessdate=5 February 2019|archivedate=26 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926005214/http://mwnation.com/ew%E2%80%99s-big-interview-joyce-banda/}}</ref> ) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Malawi]] bụ onye isi ala Malawi site na 7 Eprel 2012 ruo 31 Mee 2014. Banda weghaara ọkwa dịka onye isi ala na-esochi ọnwụ mberede nke Onye isi ala Bingu wa Mutharika . Ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụ onye ndu nke People's Party, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke e kere n'afọ 2011. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Malawi|first=People's Party|title=People's Party|url=http://www.peoples-party-malawi.org/|publisher=People's Party Malawi|accessdate=10 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415140346/http://www.peoples-party-malawi.org/|archivedate=15 April 2012}}</ref> Onye nkuzi na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ọ bụ onye minista nke mba ofesi site na 2006 ruo 2009 na osote onye isi ala Malawi site na Mee 2009 ruo Eprel 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17644009|title=Joyce Banda sworn in as new Malawi president|publisher=The BBC|date=7 April 2012|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka onye otu nzuko omeiwu na onye minista na-ahụ maka ọdịmma nwoke na nwanyị na ọdịmma ụmụaka tupu ọ ghọọ onye isi ala nke mba Malawi. <ref name=":0"/> Tupu ya arụọ ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ bụ onye hiwere Joyce Banda Foundation, ọ bụkwa onye tọrọ ntọala National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network nakwa Hunger Project. Banda bụ onye isi ala nke anọ nke Malawi <ref name="Mwagiru">{{Cite journal|author=Mwagiru|first=Ciugu|date=18 April 2012|title=Malawi's Joyce Banda and the rise of women in African politics|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/-/691232/1388740/-/diw45/-/|journal=[[Daily Monitor]]|accessdate=19 April 2012}}</ref> na onye isi ala nwanyị mbụ ya na nwanyị nke abụọ bụrụ onye isi mgbe Elizabeth II gasịrị . Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ ghọrọ onye isi ala na kọntinent Africa, <ref name=":0"/> ka Ellen Johnson Sirleaf nke Liberia gasịrị. Ọ bụkwa osote onye isi ala nwanyị mbụ nke mba ahụ. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite journal|author=Olamitoke|first=Toluwani|date=14 April 2012|title=As Fate Throws Leadership in Joyce Banda's Path...Becomes Malawi's First Female President|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/women-affairs/7087-as-fate-throws-leadership-in-joyce-bandas-pathbecomes-malawis-first-female-president.html|journal=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|accessdate=14 April 2012|archive-date=14 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414171037/http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/women-affairs/7087-as-fate-throws-leadership-in-joyce-bandas-pathbecomes-malawis-first-female-president.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na June 2014, Forbes kpọrọ President Banda dị ka nwanyị nke iri anọ kachasị ike n'ụwa na nwanyị kachasị ike na Africa. <ref name="Forbes14">{{Cite web|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall|work=Forbes|accessdate=24 June 2014}}</ref> N'October 2014, etinyere ya na ụmụ nwanyị otu narị nke ụlọọrụ BBC . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792|title=Who are the 100 Women 2014?|work=BBC|date=26 October 2014}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe na ezinụlọ == A mụrụ Joyce Hilda Ntila <ref name="Tenthani">{{Cite journal|author=Tenthani|first=Raphael|title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president|journal=BBC News, Blantyre|date=10 April 2012|url=http://m.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17662916|accessdate=15 April 2012|archive-date=1 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501023103/http://m.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17662916|url-status=dead}}</ref> na 12 Eprel 1950 na Malemia, obodo dị na mpaghara Zomba nke Nyasaland (ugbu a Malawi). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawian president quietly celebrates 62nd birthday|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/|publisher=Nyasa Times|accessdate=14 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/|archivedate=14 April 2012}}</ref> <ref name="bdayparty">{{Cite web|title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday in Private|url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/|publisher=Malawi Voice|accessdate=14 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/|archivedate=14 April 2012}}</ref> Nna ya bụ onye uwe ojii na-gu egwu brass. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ ma ghọọ onye a ma ama n'oge ọchịchị aka ike nke Hastings Banda (ha enweghị njikọ). <ref name="Mponda">{{Cite web|author=Mponda|first=Felix|title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency|work=Google hosted news: AFP|date=6 April 2012|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jOpjFWpYrm2b4Zl0peP6slJ4dB3A?docId=CNG.d8ee654dd734a2011258c4f87f9da37b.b21|accessdate=20 April 2012}}</ref> O nwere asambodo nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Cambridge, nzere bachelọ nke Arts na nkuzi nwata sitere na Mahadum Columbus (ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị anya nke a na-akwadoghị), <ref name="Tribune"/> na nzere bachelọ nke Social Studies na Gender Studies sitere na Mahadum Atlantic International (nke a bụkwa ụlọakwụkwọ mmụta dị anya) na Diploma na Management nke NGO sitere na International Labour Organisation (ILO) Center na Turin, Italy. Ugbu a, ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ maka Master of Arts Degree in Leadership na Royal Roads University na [[Kánada|Canada]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=197|title=The President's Profile|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112091140/http://www.malawi.gov.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=197|archivedate=12 November 2012}}</ref> Ọ nwetara nzere doctorate na 2013 site na Mahadum Jeonju . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/30690|title=Korean University honour Malawi President: Now Dr. Joyce Banda}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Roy Kachale, bụ́ onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ atọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na ise, ọ biri na Nairobi, [[Kenya]] . <ref name="Nairobi">{{Cite journal|author=Sigei|first=Julius|title=How Nairobi shaped future president|journal=Sunday Nation|date=15 April 2012|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/How+Nairobi+shaped+future+president+/-/1056/1386170/-/item/1/-/c4548d/-/index.html|accessdate=15 April 2012|archive-date=15 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415032159/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/How+Nairobi+shaped+future+president+/-/1056/1386170/-/item/1/-/c4548d/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 1975, otu òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-eto eto na Kenya kpaliri Banda ịkpọrọ ụmụ ya atọ hapụ ihe ọ kọwara dị ka alụmdi na nwunye mkparị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Raphael Tenthani|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=169626|title=Malawi's new leader takes charge with energy|publisher=BusinessDay|date=13 April 2012|accessdate=23 May 2012|archivedate=17 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417191744/http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=169626}}</ref> Alụmdi na nwunye ya na Roy Kachele biri na 1981. Ọ lụrụ Richard Banda, onye ọka ikpe Malawi lara ezumike nká, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ abụọ. <ref name="energy">{{Cite web|author=Tenthani|first=Raphael|title=Malawi's new president takes charge with energy|work=ABC News, Associated Press, 2nd page|date=13 April 2012|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/malawis-president-takes-charge-energy-16129884#.T4zdcNUzCSo|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> <ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite web|author=Mutasa|first=Haru|title=Malawi to begin treason trial of ex-officials|work=Al Jazeera|date=10 April 2013|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/04/201341073057327861.html|accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref> N'agbata 1985 na 1997 Banda jisiri ma guzobe azụmaahịa na otu dị iche iche gụnyere Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), na Kaligidza Bakery (1995). Ihe ịga nke ọma ya kpaliri ya inyere ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ aka inweta nnwere onwe n'ego ma mebie usoro mmegbu na ịda ogbenye. Ọ bụ nwanne Anjimile Oponyo, onye bụbu onye isi oche nke <ref name="Friedman">{{Cite journal|author=Friedman|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Friedman|title=Madonna May Have Problems with the New President of Malawi—She Fired Her Sister|journal=Forbes Online|date=9 April 2012|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerfriedman/2012/04/09/madonna-may-have-problems-with-the-new-president-of-malawi-she-fired-her-sister/|accessdate=17 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414012415/http://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerfriedman/2012/04/09/madonna-may-have-problems-with-the-new-president-of-malawi-she-fired-her-sister/|archive-date=14 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, nke [[Madonna]] kwadoro. <ref name="Madonna">{{Cite journal|author=Fekadu|first=Mesfin|title=Madonna: I'm happy Joyce Banda is Malawi's leader|journal=Boston Globe|date=13 April 2012|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2012/04/13/madonna_im_happy_joyce_banda_is_malawis_leader/|accessdate=17 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416171917/http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2012/04/13/madonna_im_happy_joyce_banda_is_malawis_leader/|archive-date=16 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == === Ọkwa ọha (1999-2009) === Joyce Banda banyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1999. Ọ meriri oche ndị omeiwu na ntuli aka onye kwuo uche ya nke atọ nke Malawi dịka onye so na pati President Bakili Muluzi a kpọrọ United Democratic Front . Ọ nọchitere anya mpaghara Zomba Malosa . Muluzi họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye minista na-ahụ maka okike na ọrụ obodo. <ref name="Mponda"/> Dị ka onye jị ọkwa Minista, ọ lụrụ ọgụ iji wepụta Iwu Ime Ihe Ike n'Ụlọ, nke dara afọ asaa. Ọ haziri National Platform for Action on Orphans and vulnerable children na Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. <ref name="unfpa" /> N'afọ 2004, a họpụtara ya ọzọ dịka onye otu Muluzi's Party. Bingu wa Mutharika ghọrọ Onye isi ala . N'agbanyeghị na Banda abụghị onye otu ya, Mutharika họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye minista na-ahụ maka mba ofesi na 2006. Banda kwagara ịgbanwe nnabata Malawi maka ọchịchị ziri ezi nke China site na Republic of China (na Taiwan) gaa na [[China|Republic of China]] na ala; o kwuru na ngbanwe ahụ ga-ewetara Malawi uru akụ na ụba. <ref name="Mponda"/> Na 2010, China rụchara ụlọ omeiwu ọhụrụ na Lilongwe. <ref name="parliament">{{Cite web|title=China hands over new parliament building to Malawi|work=People's Daily Online, English|publisher=Xinhua|date=22 May 2010|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6994852.html|accessdate=22 April 2012}}</ref> === Osote onye isi ala (2009-2012) === Banda zọrọ ọkwa nke onye osote onye isi dika onye otu nke Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 2009, na-eso Mutharika, onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi DPP. <ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=nw20090517062152198C571749 "Women are ready to stand in Malawi poll"], Sapa-AFP (''IOL''), 17 May 2009.</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka osote onye isi ala nwanyị mbụ Malawi. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya nke DPP, a chụrụ Joyce Banda na osote onye isi oche nke abụọ Khumbo Kachali n'ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi oche nke DPP na 12 Disemba 2010 maka mmemme 'megidere Patị ahụ' nke na-enweghị nkọwa. <ref name="google">{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hL67jrYgDT7owjKuvbRyuFCXkkqg?docId=CNG.52397de5df64c519397daac1afa54385.ed1|title=AFP: Malawi ruling party fires two vice presidents|date=11 December 2010|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> N'ịgbalị ịchụpụ ya, Onye isi ala gara n'ihu na-enye Callista Mutharika ọrụ ndị ọ na-arụbu, bụ onye a gụnyere n'ụlọ ọrụ na September 2011. <ref name="snub">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriquejet.com/malawi-cabinet-snub-2011090921991.html|title=Malawi: Mutharika's estranged deputy 'unmoved' by Malawi cabinet snub|publisher=Afriquejet.com|accessdate=7 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612062217/http://www.afriquejet.com/malawi-cabinet-snub-2011090921991.html|archivedate=12 June 2012}}</ref> Ụlọ ikpe gbochiri mbọ Mutharika ịchụ ya dị ka osote onye isi ala n'ihi usoro iwu. Nke a gụnyere ịgbalị ijide ụgbọ ala gọọmentị ya na igbochi ya idebanye aha pati ọhụrụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maravipost.com/malawi-politics/society/5522-new-natl-congress-party-on-the-cards-court-orders-pps-registration.html|title=Archived copy|work=www.maravipost.com|accessdate=13 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531055912/http://www.maravipost.com/malawi-politics/society/5522-new-natl-congress-party-on-the-cards-court-orders-pps-registration.html|archivedate=31 May 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mwnation.com/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D20460%3Acourt-rescues-malawi-vps-vehicles%26catid%3D1%3Anational-news%26Itemid%3D3|title=Archived copy|accessdate=11 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607015632/http://www.mwnation.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20460%3Acourt-rescues-malawi-vps-vehicles&catid=1%3Anational-news&Itemid=3|archivedate=7 June 2014}}</ref> Na 8 Septemba 2011, a hapụrụ ọrụ osote onye isi ala na ngbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ ka bụ osote onye isi ala nke iwu kwadoro n'ihi na ọ bụ iwu nyere ọkwa ahụ. <ref name="snub" /> Onye na-ekwuchitere DPP bụ Hetherwick Ntaba gbara ya ume ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm dịka osote onye isi ala. [[Usòrò:Joyce_Banda_Department_for_International_Development_photo_crop.jpg|thumb| Banda na 2012]] === Akụkụ dị na DPP === Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Banda na Onye isi ala Bingu wa Mutharika abụrụla nke na-esiwanye ike n'ihi mgbalị Mutharika gbalịsiri ike idowe nwanne ya nwoke, Peter Mutharika, dị ka onye ga-anọchi ya. <ref name="google"/> N'agbanyeghị na a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi oche nke DPP yana osote onye isi ala nke abụọ Khumbo Kachali, ọ gara n'ihu na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi ala Malawi dị ka e depụtara n'akwụkwọ iwu. <ref name="google" /> Nkwagharị a mere ka arụkwaghịm nke ukwuu dị na DPP, ebe e nwere nguzobe nke netwọk ndị kwadoro nkwado ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala Malawi na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 2014. <ref name="woes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/malawi:-vice-president%27s-woes-dominate-malawi-media-2010121864614.html|accessdate=18 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220022503/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/malawi%3A-vice-president%27s-woes-dominate-malawi-media-2010121864614.html|archivedate=20 December 2010}}</ref> Ndị DPP gọrọ agọ na e nwere arụkwaghịm ọtụtụ mmadụ ma kwusie ike na ọ bụ naanị mmadụ ole na ole gbara arụkwaghịm. <ref name="woes" /> === People's Party === Joyce Banda bụ onye hiwere na onye ndu nke People's Party, nke e guzobere na 2011 mgbe a chụpụrụ Banda na DPP na-achị achị mgbe ọ jụrụ ịkwado nwanne nwanne President Mutharika Peter Mutharika dịka onye ga-anọchi anya onyeisi oche maka ntuli aka 2014. <ref>Jomo, Frank. (13 December 2010) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-13/malawi-s-vice-president-joyce-banda-expelled-from-ruling-party.html Malawi’s Vice President Joyce Banda Expelled From Ruling Party]. Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 April 2012.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/people%E2%80%99s-party-file-for-registration.html|accessdate=22 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515105420/http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/people%E2%80%99s-party-file-for-registration.html|archivedate=15 May 2011}}</ref> === Onye isi ala (2012 - Mee 2014) === ==== Mgbanwe nke ike ==== Na 5 Eprel 2012, Onye isi ala Mutharika nwụrụ. <ref name="ceremony">{{Cite web|author=Administrator|title=Her Excellency Mrs. Joyce Banda is the New President of Malawi|publisher=Embassy of the Republic of Malawi to Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Luxembourg, Switzerland and Mission to the European Union|date=11 April 2012|url=http://www.embassymalawi.be/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87%3Aher-excellency-mrs-joyce-banda-is-the-new-president-of-malawi&catid=1%3Alatest-news&lang=|accessdate=22 April 2012}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, gọọmentị emeghị ka ọha mara na onye isi ala anwụọla n'oge. Nke a butere egwu nke nsogbu iwu na Malawi . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Faith Karimi|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-04-06/africa/world_africa_malawi-president_1_malawians-president-bingu-wa-mutharika-patricia-kaliati?_s=PM:AFRICA|title=Potential crisis looms in Malawi amid reports of president's death|publisher=Articles.cnn.com|date=6 April 2012|accessdate=23 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515054125/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-04-06/africa/world_africa_malawi-president_1_malawians-president-bingu-wa-mutharika-patricia-kaliati?_s=PM%3AAFRICA|archivedate=15 May 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onenewspage.co.uk/n/World/74r755rd3/Bingu-Wa-Mutharika-death-leaves-Malawi-in.htm|title=Bingu Wa Mutharika's death leaves Malawi in constitutional crisis – One News Page [UK&#93;|publisher=Onenewspage.co.uk|date=6 April 2012|accessdate=23 May 2012|archivedate=8 September 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120908002515/http://www.onenewspage.co.uk/n/World/74r755rd3/Bingu-Wa-Mutharika-death-leaves-Malawi-in.htm}}</ref> <ref>[https://archive.today/20130127043447/http://www.kitv.com/news/national/Banda-sworn-in-as-Malawi-president/-/8905418/10322828/-/14mg6em/-/ Banda sworn in as Malawi president | National News – KITV Home]. Kitv.com. Retrieved 10 April 2012.</ref> Agence France-Presse kọrọ akụkọ na onye bụbu onye isi ala Malawi bu Bakili Muluzi na-ekwusi ike na "usoro iwu kwadoro", na-ekwu na osote onye isi ala ga-ewere ikike ozugbo dịka iwu si kwado. “A na m akpọ oku ka e nwee usoro iwu kwadoro, maka udo na ịdị n'otu na-aga n'ihu. Iwu Malawi doro anya na osote onye isi ala na-eweghara ọchịchị" mgbe onye isi oche na-enweghị ike ịchịisi ọzọ. Anyị aghaghị izere ọnọdụ ebe enwere ọgba aghara. Ka anyi soro ihe iwu kwadoro. Anyị enweghị nhọrọ ọzọ ma ọ bụghị ịgbaso ihe dị n'iwu. Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa na udo na ịdị jụụ ga-adịrịrị.” <ref>Godfrey Mapondera, David Smith, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/06/malawi-president-reported-dead Malawi faces power struggle after president reported dead], ''Guardian'', 6 April 2012</ref> Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Malawi chọkwara ka usoro iwu na-achị. <ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i0Nf2obDaNyqrpBEMUZftxE0wsVQ?docId=bdc060664dfb409aaf384dec2651a5bc The Associated Press: Malawi's VP sworn in as president amid uncertainty], ''AP'', 10 April 2012.</ref> Malawi Law Society kwadoro na n'okpuru ngalaba 83(4) nke akwụkwọ iwu Malawi, ọ bụ ya bụ onye ga-anọchi anya onyeisi ala ahụ. Na 7 Eprel, ndị otu Malawi chọrọ ka ụlọ ikpe gbochie Banda ịbụ onye isi ala. N'aka nke ya, ọ kpọrọ onyeisi ndị agha, bụ́ General Henry Odillo, na ekwentị ma jụọ ma ọ̀ ga-akwado ya. O kwetara wee mee ka ndị agha guzoro n’ụlọ ya. <ref name="army">{{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=David|title=Malawi's Joyce Banda puts women's rights at centre of new presidency|journal=The Guardian|date=29 April 2012|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/29/malawi-president-joyce-banda-women-rights|issn=0261-3077|accessdate=30 April 2012}}</ref> Joyce Banda weghaara ọchịchị na 7 Eprel 2012 dị ka Onye isi ala Malawi, nwanyị mbụ na-ejide ọkwa ahụ. <ref name="swornin">[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/04/201247111815207836.html Joyce Banda sworn in as president of Malawi – Africa], ''Al Jazeera English'', 4 October 2011</ref> Onye ọka ikpe Lovemore Munlo nọrọ dika onye isi oche nke emume a mere na ụlọ omebe iwu dị na Lilongwe . <ref name="ceremony"/> Mgbe ọ ṅụsịrị iyi, Banda rịọrọ maka ịdị n'otu mba. "Achọrọ m ka anyị niile jiri olileanya na mmụọ nke ịdị n'otu wee gaa n'ọdịnihu. . . Enwere m olileanya na anyị ga-eguzo n'otu n'otu, enwere m olileanya na dị ka mba na-atụ egwu Chineke, anyị na-ekwe ka Chineke bịa n'ihu anyị, n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na anyị emeghị otú ahụ, anyị dara ada." <ref name="swornin" /> Ndị mgbasa ozi Malawi na mba ụwa kọrọ banyere nraranye Joyce Banda nke ọma. Ha kpọrọ ya mmeri maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Malawi Sunday Times'' kwuru na nraranye onye isi ala ọhụrụ enyela aka n'ịkwado omenala onye kwuo uche ya na mba ahụ. <ref name="Mwagiru"/> ==== Nhọpụta ndị minista na mfu nke ntuli aka onye isi ala 2014 ==== Na 26 Eprel 2012, Onye isi ala Banda họpụtara ụlọ ọrụ ya, nke mejupụtara ndị ozi iri abụọ na atọ na ndị osote onye ozi itoolu. O nyere onwe ya ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ iji wee jigidesie ike ya dịka onye ndu obodo. <ref name="newcabinet">{{Cite web|author=Mapondera|first=Derek|title=Malawi's Pres Joyce Banda sacks predecessor's brother, hires new cabinet which includes ex-leader's son|work=The Maravi Post|date=26 April 2012|url=http://www.maravipost.com/malawi-national-news/malawi-political-news/855-malawi-s-pres-joyce-banda-sacks-predecessor-s-brother,-hires-new-cabinet-which-includes-ex-leader-s-son.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118064944/http://www.maravipost.com/malawi-national-news/malawi-political-news/855-malawi-s-pres-joyce-banda-sacks-predecessor-s-brother,-hires-new-cabinet-which-includes-ex-leader-s-son.html|archivedate=18 January 2021|accessdate=26 April 2012}}</ref> Na 10 Ọktoba 2013, ụbọchị ole na ole ka o si na njem ọ gara na UN lọta, Onye isi ala Joyce Banda chụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ya na-esochi akụkọkasịrị ne Capital Hill Cashgate . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24484557|title=Malawi's Joyce Banda sacks cabinet amid corruption row|work=BBC News|date=10 October 2013|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/malawi-cabinet-idUSL6N0I03M020131010|title=Malawi president dissolves cabinet in wake of graft scandal|publisher=Reuters|date=10 October 2013|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref> Na 15 Ọktọba, ahọpụtara ọkwa ọhụrụ ydịoiche iche ebe nye minista na-ahụ maka ego Ken Lipenga na Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi Ralph Kasambara ka ewepụrụ na'ọkwa minista ha. Na May 2014, e meriri Joyce Banda nke ukwuu na ntuli aka nke onye isi ala. Ọ dara na mbọ ọ na-eme imebi ntuli aka ahụ. Ọ gaghị ememe ndọnye n'oche nke onye meriri, Peter Mutharika, mana ọ kelere ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27648964|title=Malawi election: Peter Mutharika sworn in as president|date=31 May 2014|work=BBC News|accessdate=25 January 2015}}</ref> Ọ biri na mpụga Malawi malite na 2014. Ekwuputara akwụkwọ ikike maka ijide ya n'ihe metụtara nrụrụ aka n'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye isi ala na 31 Julaị 2017, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nọgidere na mpụga obodo ahụ. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170801110321/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKBN1AH3KK-OZATP "Malawi issues arrest warrant for former president over graft scandal"], Reuters, 1 August 2017.</ref> Ọ gọrọ agọ maka ebubo ahụ ma kwuo na ya ga-alọghachi izara ọnụ ya. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170802141807/https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKBN1AI0RC-OZATP "Malawi's former president says "innocent" of graft, will return home"], Reuters, 2 August 2017.</ref> ==== Mmekọrịta mba ụwa ==== N'oge ọchịchị Mutharika, Malawi batara n'ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dara ogbenye n'ihi ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mba ọzọ n'okpuru ọchịchị Mutharika . N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị Mutharika, Britain, United States, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank, na African Development Bank kwụsịrị enyemaka ego. Ha ekwupụtala nchegbu gbasara mbuso agha Mutharika busoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'ime mba ahụ yana atumatu ya na-esiwanye ike. Na March 2012, Mutharika gwara ndị mba ọzọ na-enye onyinye ka ha "gaa hell." O boro ha ebubo na ha na-akpa nkata iwetu ọchịchị ya. <ref name="Somerville">{{Cite web|author=Somerville|first=Keith|title=Malawi: New president must build support and mend donor relations (analysis)|work=African Arguments|publisher=The Norwegian Council for Africa|date=10 April 2012|url=http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/21370.html|accessdate=20 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027212215/http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/21370.html|archivedate=27 October 2012}}</ref> Otu n'ime ihe ịma aka Banda dị ka onye isi ala bụ iweghachi mmekọrịta mba ụwa na ndị na-enye onyinye. O nwekwara ihe ịma aka nke iweghachi mmekọrịta Malawi na mba ndị gbara ha gburugburu dị ka [[Mozambique]], na mpaghara mba ndị ọzọ dịka [[Botswana]] . N'ime izu mbụ nke onye isi ala ya, Banda malitere mbuso agha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji mezie mmekọrịta mba ụwa nke Malawi. <ref name="JB"> {{Cite web|author=Munthali|first=Kondwani|title=JB cleans up Capital Hill|work=[[The Nation (Malawi)]]|date=11 April 2012|url=http://www.malawitoday.com/news/124476-joyce-banda-starts-cleaning-capital-hill|accessdate=22 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914030353/http://www.malawitoday.com/news/124476-joyce-banda-starts-cleaning-capital-hill|archivedate=14 September 2013}} </ref> Ọ gwara Henry Bellingham nke Ọfịs Ofesi nke United Kingdom okwu. O mesiri ya obi ike na a ga-eziga onye nnọchi anya Britain ọhụrụ "n'ime obere oge enwere ike." Ọ gwara odeakwụkwọ mba Amerịka bụ Hillary Clinton okwu. Clinton kwere nkwa ịmaliteghachi mkparịta ụka na onyinye nke nde dọla narị atọ na iri ise ozugbo enwere ike. Banda kwuputara atụmatụ ya ịgwa Baroness Ashton nke ụlọ ọrụ mba ofesi nke European Union na onye nnọchi anya IMF nke Malawi, Ruby Randall. Ya na onye isi ala Zambia Michael Sata enyekwara aka maka ịmaliteghachi mmekọrịta chiri anya. <ref name="JB" /> Opekempe n'otu akụkụ iji mee ka ndị na-enye onyinye nwee obi ụtọ, nchịkwa Banda jụkwara na June 2012 ịnabata nzukọ ndị Africa Union nke July n'ihi na AU siri ọnwụ na a ga-enye onye isi ala [[Sudan]] Omar al-Bashir mmesi obi ike na Malawi ga-ajụ inye ya akwụkwọ ikike ijide nke ụlọ ikpe mpụ mba ụwa dere megide ya; ndị Cabinet kpebiri na ha agaghị anabata ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi not to host summit after row over Sudan leader|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=BBC|date=8 June 2012|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18364947|accessdate=8 June 2012}}</ref> Onye isi ala Banda bu onye Forbes kpọrọ dịka nwanyị nke iri anọ kachasị ike n'ụwa, aha Africa kachasị elu na ndepụta ahụ. <ref name="Forbes14"/> ==== Amụma ụlọ ==== [[Usòrò:Flag_of_Malawi.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px| Emebere ọkọlọtọ Malawi na 1964 ma ndị omeiwu gụgharịrị ya na 2012.]] [[Usòrò:Flag_of_Malawi_(2010–2012).svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px| Ọkọlọtọ 2010–2012 na-ewughi ewu nke Malawi]] Na 18 Mee 2012, Banda kwupụtara ebumnuche ya ịkagbu mmachibido iwu Malawi nke nwoke idina nwoke. Ekwuru na okwu a nwere nkwado nke ọtụtụ ndị omeiwu. Ọ bụrụ na ọ gaa nke ọma, ọ ga-eme Malawi mba Africa nke abụọ kwadoro mmekọ nwoke na nwoke nakwa mmekọ nwanyị na nwanyị n'iwu kemgbe 1994. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18118350|title=Malawi to overturn homosexual ban, Joyce Banda says|date=18 May 2012|work=BBC News|accessdate=18 May 2012}}</ref> Amnesty International kọrọ na mbido Nọvemba 2012 na Malawi akwụsịla iwu ndị na-emegide nwoke idina nwoke na-echere ntuli aka. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/06/world/africa/malawi-antigay-laws/index.html|title=Amnesty: Malawi suspends anti-gay laws|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> Na ndụmọdụ nke International Monetary Fund, na May 2012 Banda wedara Malawi kwacha, ihe Mutharika jụrụ ime. Nkwuwapụta nke mbelata kwacha site na pasent iri atọ na atọ megide dọla nke mba United Steeti, mgbalị iji nweta ego ndị nyere onyinye, kpalitere "ịzụta ihe nke ụjọ" na obodo Malawi, BBC News kọrọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17982062|title=Malawi devalues kwacha by 33%, leading to panic-buying|date=7 May 2012|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> Mgbe ọ ghọrọ Onye isi ala, Banda kpebiri ire ụgbọ elu onye isi ala ma nye onyinye nke pasent iri atọ nke ụgwọ ọnwa ya iji wee mee ka kansul Malawi maka Ndị Nkwarụ rite uru ahụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-08-01|title=Joyce Banda|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/joyce-banda|accessdate=2019-05-08|work=[[Wilson Center]]|language=en}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ego e nwetara n'ahịa ụgbọ elu ahụ bu nke edetughi. Nkọwa nke Joyce Banda nyere bụ na e resịrị ụgbọ elu ahụ nye ụlọ ọrụ ngwá agha dị na South Africa bụ ndị Gọọmenti Malawi ji ụgwọ dị ukwuu na ya mere eji ụgbọ elu ahụ kwụọ ụgwọ a. Ọnweghị akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ihe akaebe ewepụtara iji kwado nzọrọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Wanga Gwede|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/03/10/jb-mkwezalamba-differ-on-malawi-jetgate-who-is-fooling-who/|title=JB, Mkwezalamba differ on Malawi jetgate: Who is fooling who?|publisher=Nyasa Times|date=10 March 2014|accessdate=6 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227034401/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/03/10/jb-mkwezalamba-differ-on-malawi-jetgate-who-is-fooling-who/|archivedate=27 February 2015}}</ref> Na 17 Jenụwarị 2013, ọtụtụ puku ndị Malawi mere mkpesa na Blantyre megide ịrị elu nke ihe a na-ere n'ahia mgbe Banda na onye isi IMF Christine Lagarde, gbachitere ọnụ ahịa kwacha ma kwuo na ọ gaghị atụgharị mkpebi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2013/01/06/jb-says-wont-reverse-malawi-kwacha-devaluation-imf-chief-defends-move/|title=JB says won't reverse Malawi Kwacha devaluation|date=6 January 2013|accessdate=17 January 2013|archive-date=11 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111085601/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2013/01/06/jb-says-wont-reverse-malawi-kwacha-devaluation-imf-chief-defends-move/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-malawi-protests-idUKBRE90G0O120130117|work=Reuters|date=17 January 2013|accessdate=17 January 2013|title=Malawi sees first major protest under President Banda|archive-date=16 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116082442/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-malawi-protests-idUKBRE90G0O120130117|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Atụmatụ nke onye isi ala ==== Onye isi ala Banda egosila nkwụsi ike na ahụike nne na ikike ịmụ nwa, ọkachasị site na nkwado ya maka ịbụ nne nwere nchekwa na Malawi. O gosiputara nkwado ya site na iguzobe atụmatụ Presidential Initiative on Health Maternal and Safe Motherhood. N'ime naanị afọ abụọ, atụmatụ a gosipụtara mbelata nke ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke nne site na ọnwụ narị isii na ịrị asaa na ise n'ime otu narị puku dị ndụ ruo ọnwụ narị anọ na ịrị isii n'ime otu narị puku ọmụmụ dị ndụ. <ref name=":0"/> ==== Ọkọlọtọ ==== Mgbe gọọmentị Mutharika gbanwere ọkọlọtọ na 2010, enwere mmegide ọha. Ọtụtụ otu na-agbagha izi ezi nke ọkọlọtọ ahụ. Na 28 Mee 2012, Banda duuru ndị omeiwu nke mba ahụ ịtụ vootu ka eweghachi ọkọlọtọ ahụ n'ọkọlọtọ nnwere onwe ya, nke ewepụtara na 1964. Ndị otu niile, ma ewezuga DPP, kwadoro ịlaghachi na ọkọlọtọ nnwere onwe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi MPs vote to fly old rising sun flag|work=BBC News Africa|date=29 May 2012|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18255188|accessdate=8 June 2012}}</ref> === Ndụ ya mgbe o rituru n'ọkwa onye isi ala === Banda nọrọ na mmapu nke onwe ya na mba United Steeti dị ka onye ama ama na Woodrow Wilson Center na Center for Global Development ruo afọ atọ, tupu ịlaghachi na Malawi na 2018. <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-politics/former-malawi-president-joyce-banda-returns-from-exile-idUSKBN1HU2G8 Former Malawi president Joyce Banda returns from exile], [[Reuters]]</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ nweghị ebubo e boro Banda n'ihu ọha. Banda banyere nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 2019 dika onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi ndi mmadu, ma wepu onwe ya n'ịzọ ọkwa ahụ onwa abuo tupu ntuli aka; <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-election/ex-president-banda-pulls-out-of-malawi-presidential-race-idUSKCN1QV2R3 Ex-president Banda pulls out of Malawi presidential race] Reuters, 14 March 2019</ref> o mechara kwado onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi mmegide Lazarus Chakwera. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/joyce-banda-withdraws-from-malawi-presidential-race/4831130.html|title=Joyce Banda Withdraws from Malawi Presidential Race|date=15 March 2019|work=VOA|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/03/18/malawi-ex-leader-banda-seals-another-opposition-pact|title=Malawi ex-leader Banda seals another opposition pact|date=18 March 2019|work=AFP via Eyewitness News South Africa|language=en}}</ref> Ka a kagburu ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 2019, ọ kwadoro Chakwera ọzọ na mmeghari nke afọ 2020 . Akpọrọ nwa Banda Roy Kahele-Banda ka ọ bụrụ onye minista nke ụlọ ọrụ na ọchịchị Chakwera. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Tupu ọ bụrụ osote onye isi ala, ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke Joyce Banda Foundation . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joycebandafoundation.org/|title=Joyce Banda Foundation|publisher=Joyce Banda Foundation|accessdate=1 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425052618/http://www.joycebandafoundation.org/|archivedate=25 April 2013}}</ref> maka agụmakwụkwọ ka mma, ntọala ọrụ ebere na-enyere ụmụaka Malawi na ụmụ mgbei aka site na agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ bụ nchịkọta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na nke sekọndrị na mpaghara Chimwankhunda nke Blantyre . Ọ gụnyere ebe nlekọta ụmụ mgbei nke nwere ebe isii na ụmụaka narị isii. Ọ na-enyere obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu aka site n'inye ụmụ nwanyị iri anọ na otu ndị ntorobịa iri obere kredit. O nyere ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ ugbo pụkụ iri mkpụrụ maka ọkụkọ ugbo ma nyekwa onyinye ndị ọzọ. Ntọala ahụ arụọla ụlọọgwụ anọ n'ime obodo anọ n'ime obodo narị abụọ ndi ọ na-enyere aka. Ntọala ahụ na-enyekwa aka na mmepe ime obodo. O nwere mmekorita ya na Jack Brewer Foundation, ntọala mmepe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke NFL star, Jack Brewer hiwere. == Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị Azụmahịa Mba == Banda bụ onye guzobere National Association of Business Women na Malawi nke e hiwere n'afọ 1990. Ọ bụ ntọala anaghị akwụ ụgwọ edebanyere aha ya na Malawi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/africa/osaa/ngodirectory2/dest/countries/printNGO.asp?lang=ENG&country=29&ngo=MALW27|title=National Association of Business Women|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=7 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026124825/http://www.un.org/africa/osaa/ngodirectory2/dest/countries/printNGO.asp?lang=ENG&country=29&ngo=MALW27|archivedate=26 October 2012}}</ref> Otu a bu n'obi ibupụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ime ịda ogbenye site n'ịkwalite ikike ha na inye ha ike n'ụzọ akụ na ụba. <ref name="hivos">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hivos.nl/dut/community/partner/10003036|title=National Association of Business Women / Partners / Home – Ontwikkelingsorganisatie Hivos|language=nl|publisher=Hivos.nl|date=31 December 2008|accessdate=7 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304054222/http://www.hivos.nl/dut/community/partner/10003036|archivedate=4 March 2012}}</ref> Nke a bụ njikọ mmekọrịta nke ụmụ nwanyị pụkụ ịrị atọ, nke raara onwe ya nye ịkwado azụmahịa ụmụ nwanyị na ịkwado ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ isonye na azụmahịa. Ihe omume ya gụnyere ọzụzụ azụmaahịa, ọzụzụ teknụzụ, idekọ ndekọ na nka njikwa. <ref name="hivos" /> Ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ịmepụta mkparịta ụka na ndị na-eme iwu iji mee ka atumatu dị mma nye ndị inyom na-azụ ahịa. <ref name="intracen">{{Cite web|url=http://www.intracen.org/womenandtrade/|title=Women and Trade – Home page|publisher=Intracen.org|date=17 December 2011|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> Onye isi ya ugbu a bụ Mary Malunga. <ref name="intracen" /> Ntọala ahụ enweela mmekorita ya na ụlọọrụ di na mba Netherlands a kpọrọ Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation ( Hivos ) na Hague kemgbe 2003. <ref name="hivos" /> == Atụmatụ ọdịmma mmadụ na mmepe == Banda etinyela aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ntọala ya na ụmụ nwanyị kemgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na ise iji weta mgbanwe amụma, ọkachasị na agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ tọrọ ntọala Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Ọ tọrọ ntọala Network Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women nakwa amụma Hunger Project na Malawi. Enyere ya (ya na Onye isi ala Joaquim Chissano nke Mozambique) ihe nrite n'afọ 1997 nke Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger n'ihi Hunger Project, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị di na New York. O ji ego nrite nyere aka wuo ntọala Joyce Banda maka ụmụaka. N'afọ 2006, ọ natara ihe nrite mba ụwa maka ahụike na ugwu ụmụ nwanyị maka nraranye ya n'ikike ụmụ nwanyị Malawi sitere n'aka ndị Americans for United Nations Population Fund. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye kọmishọna maka "Ịmekọrịta Ụwa e Kewara" n'akụkụ ndị mmadụ dị ka Bishop Desmond Tutu, nakwa onye komishona nke United Nations Commissioner Human Rights, Mary Robinson. Banda bụkwa onye so na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ maka agụmakwụkwọ na Washington DC, yana na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ maka Federation of World Peace and Love in Taiwan (China). <ref name="malawi" /> Dịka akụkụ nke mmegharị gọọmentị na Ọktoba 2012, Banda belatara pasent iri atọ n'ụgwọ ọnwa ya. O kwuputakwara na a ga-ere ụgbọ elu onyeisiala. === Kansụl ndị isi ụwa maka ahụike ịmụ nwa === Na 2010, Banda ghọrọ onye otu Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health, <ref name="womendeliver">{{Cite web|url=http://www.womendeliver.org/updates/entry/the-launch-of-the-global-leaders-council-for-reproductive-health/|title=Updates " The Launch of the Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health|publisher=Women Deliver|date=21 September 2010|accessdate=1 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715020428/http://www.womendeliver.org/updates/entry/the-launch-of-the-global-leaders-council-for-reproductive-health|archivedate=15 July 2012}}</ref> otu ndị nọ ọdụ iri na isii na ndị bụbu ndị isi ala, ndị na-eme iwu dị elu na ndị isi ndị ọzọ kwadoro ịkwalite ahụike ọmụmụ maka mmepe na ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide. <ref name="womendeliver" /> Onye isi oche nke otu a bụ onye bụbụ onye isi ala nke Ireland Mary Robinson, ndị isi a na-achọ ịchịkọta ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ego dị mkpa iji nweta ohere zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ahụike ọmụmụ site na 2015 - isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ UN Millennium Development Goals. <ref name="womendeliver" /> == Otuto == === Ihe nrite mba === * Nwanyị nke Afọ, Malawi, 1997 * Nwanyị nke Afọ, Malawi, 1998 <ref name="malawi" /> * Nyasa Times Multimedia 'Onye nke Afọ', 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lungu|first=M'theto|title=Media house awards Malawi Veep Joyce Banda 'Person of the Year 2010' accolade|work=The Africa Global Village|date=30 December 2010|url=http://www.africaglobalvillage.com/en/southern-africa/malawi/504-malawi.html|accessdate=17 April 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130116154347/http://www.africaglobalvillage.com/en/southern-africa/malawi/504-malawi.html|archivedate=16 January 2013}}</ref> === Ihe nrite mba ụwa === * Martin Luther King Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington DC<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/06/12/jb-receives-martin-luther-king-drum-major-award/ |title=JB receives Martin Luther King 'Drum Major' award &#124; Malawi news, Malawi – NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |publisher=Nyasatimes.com |access-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618191308/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/06/12/jb-receives-martin-luther-king-drum-major-award/ |archive-date=18 June 2012 |df=dmy |accessdate=11 April 2022 |archivedate=18 June 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618191308/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/06/12/jb-receives-martin-luther-king-drum-major-award/ }}</ref> *Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maravipost.com/malawi-national-news/malawi-society/1119-unwavering-pres-banda-gets-legend-award-for-leadership.html |title=Society delivers the latest Malawi breaking news and information on the latest top stories |publisher=Maravipost.com |date=5 April 2012 |access-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128065909/http://www.maravipost.com/malawi-national-news/malawi-society/1119-unwavering-pres-banda-gets-legend-award-for-leadership.html |archive-date=28 January 2013 |df=dmy-all |accessdate=11 April 2022 |archivedate=28 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130128065909/http://www.maravipost.com/malawi-national-news/malawi-society/1119-unwavering-pres-banda-gets-legend-award-for-leadership.html }}</ref> * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmw.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10104:another-international-accolade-for-banda&catid=62:national-news&Itemid=59 |title=nationmw.net |publisher=nationmw.net |access-date=1 November 2012}}</ref> * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, Hunger Project of NY<ref name="malawi"/> * International award for entrepreneurship development, 1998, Africa Federation of Woman Entrepreneurs and Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)<ref name="malawi"/> * 100 Heroines award, 1998, Rochester, New York<ref name="malawi"/> * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan, Republic of China<ref name="malawi"/> === Nkwanye ugwu === * Nwanyị kachasị ike n'ụwa 2014, Magazin Forbes - ọkwa onye nke iri anọ <ref name="Forbes14"/> * Nwanyị kachasị ike n'ụwa 2013, Magazin Forbes - ọkwa onye nke iri anọ na asaa. * Nwanyị kachasị ike n'ụwa 2012, Magazin Forbes - ọkwa onyeotu.e iri asaa na otu * Nwanyị kachasị ike na Africa 2012, Magazin Forbes - ọkwa onye nke mbu. * Nwanyị kachasị ike na Africa 2011, Magazin Forbes - ọkwa onye nke atọ. == Hụkwa == * Nsogbu n'usoro iwu Malawi 2012 * Ndepụta nke ndị otu National Assembly nke Malawi ugbu a == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * {{Cite journal|title=Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2013-01_112_446/page/111|author=Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani|journal=[[African Affairs]]|date=January 2013|volume=112|issue=446|pages=111–137|doi=10.1093/afraf/ads067}} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol11no2/briefs3.htm United Nations 1997 Africa Prize] * {{cite journal | last = Donnelly | first = John | title = Joyce Banda: "Women lacked training, credit and information" | journal = Global Pulse | publisher = Global Post | location = Boston, Mass. | date = 10 October 2011 | url = http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/global-pulse/joyce-banda-women-lacked-training-credit-and-information | access-date =15 April 2012}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[George Chaponda]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Minister of Foreign Affairs|years=2006–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Etta Banda]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Cassim Chilumpha]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Vice-President of Malawi|Vice President of Malawi]]|years=2009–2012}} {{s-aft|after=[[Khumbo Kachali]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Malawi]]|years=2012–2014}} {{s-aft|after=[[Peter Mutharika]]}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7shvtsr66emcpau127l8zclavsxelwu 0 12795 727659 720178 2026-09-24T16:47:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke''' ọrụ ugbo bụ mmetụta nke '''[[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]]''' dị iche iche nwere na gburugburu ebe obibi gbara ha gburugburu, na otu esi achọpụta mmetụta ndị ahụ na omume ndị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Frouz|first=Jan|date=2022|title=Applied Ecology|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4}}</ref> Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo dịgasị iche iche dabere na omume ndị [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] na site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke omume. Obodo ndị ọrụ ugbo na-anwa ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ịgbanwe omume ha ga-anakwere omume ugbo na-adịgide adịgide. Mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke ọrụ ugbo bụ okwu ochie nke ka bụ nchegbu ọbụna ka ndị ọkachamara na-emepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ iji belata mbibi ma melite arụmọrụ eco.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gołaś|first=Marlena|date=October 2020|title=On the Way to Sustainable Agriculture—Eco-Efficiency of Polish Commercial Farms|journal=Agriculture|language=en|volume=10|issue=10|pages=438|doi=10.3390/agriculture10100438}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ọzụzụ atụrụ dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi, omume ugbo anụmanụ nke oge a na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi karịa omume ugbo na-elekwasị anya na mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na biomass ndị ọzọ. Mmịpụta nke amonia sitere na nsị ehi na-aga n'ihu na-ebute nchegbu banyere mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Naujokienė|first=Vilma|date=April 2021|title=A Biotreatment Effect on Dynamics of Cattle Manure Composition and Reduction of Ammonia Emissions from Agriculture|journal=Agriculture|language=en|volume=11|issue=4|pages=303|doi=10.3390/agriculture11040303}}</ref> Mgbe ha na-enyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị ọkachamara na-eji ụdị ihe ngosi abụọ: "nke dabeere na ụzọ", nke dabere na usoro mmepụta nke onye ọrụ ugbo, na "dabere na mmetụta", nke usoro ọrụ ugbo nwere na usoro ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ na mmịpụta na gburugburu ebe obibi. Otu ihe atụ nke akara ngosi dabeere na ụzọ ga-abụ àgwà nke mmiri dị n'ime ala, nke na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nitrogen etinyere n'ala. Ihe ngosi na-egosipụta ọnwụ nke nitrate na mmiri dị n'ime ala ga-adabere na mmetụta.<ref name="sciencedirect.com">{{Cite journal|author=van der Warf|first=Hayo|title=Evaluation of the environmental impact of agriculture at the farm level: a comparison and analysis of 12 indicator- methods|url=https://archive.org/details/agriculture-ecosystems-environment_2002-12_93_1-3/page/131|journal=Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment|date=December 2002|volume=93|issue=1–3|pages=131–145|doi=10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00354-1}}</ref> Ntụle dabeere na ụzọ na-eleba anya n'omume ndị ọrụ ugbo nke ọrụ ugbo, na nyocha dabeere na mmetụta na-atụle mmetụta dị adị nke usoro ọrụ ugbo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nyocha dabeere na ụzọ nwere ike ileba anya na ọgwụ ahụhụ na usoro fatịlaịza nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji, nyocha dabeere na mmetụta ga-atụle ole CO2 a na-ewepụta ma ọ bụ ihe ọdịnaya nitrogen nke ala bụ.<ref name="sciencedirect.com" /> Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo na-agụnye mmetụta dị iche iche: ala, mmiri, ikuku, anụmanụ na ala dị iche iche, ndị mmadụ, osisi, na nri n'onwe ya. Ọrụ ugbo na-enye aka n'ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-akpata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi gụnyere: mgbanwe ihu igwe, igbuchapụ ọhịa, ọnwụ nke ihe dị iche iche, mpaghara ndị nwụrụ anwụ, injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nsogbu ịgba mmiri, mmetọ, mmebi ala, na nsị.<ref name="Garnett-et-al-2013">{{Cite journal|author=Garnett|first=T.|title=Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture: Premises and Policies|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2013-07-05_341_6141/page/33|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=341|issue=6141|date=2013-07-04|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.1234485|pages=33–34|pmid=23828927}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tilman|first=David|date=2011-12-13|title=Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2011-12-13_108_50/page/20260|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=108|issue=50|pages=20260–20264|doi=10.1073/pnas.1116437108|issn=0027-8424|pmid=22106295}}</ref> N'ihi mkpa ọrụ ugbo dị na usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ, mba ụwa agbaala mbọ ịbawanye nkwado nke mmepụta nri dịka akụkụ nke a kpọrọ Sustainable Development Goal 2 siri kwuo sị: “Kwụsị agụụ, nweta nchekwa nri na nri na-edozi ahụ ma kwalite ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, [[:File:N1529189.pdf|Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ A/RES/70/1])</ref> Akụkọ otú United Nations Environment Programme nke afọ 2021 nke isiokwu ya bụ "Making Peace with Nature", n'asụsụ Bekee gosipụtara ọrụ ugbo dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ na-eyi egwu site na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>United Nations Environment Programme (2021). ''Making Peace with Nature: A scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies''. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature</ref> == Site na ọrụ ugbo == === Ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ === {{Excerpt|Environmental impact of meat production}} === Nkesa Mmiri === {{Excerpt|Environmental impact of irrigation}} === Ọgwụ Ụmụ Ahụhụ (Pesticides) === {{Excerpt|Environmental impact of pesticides}} === Plastik === {{Excerpt|Plasticulture}} == Site na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ==   === Mgbanwe ihu igwe ===   Mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọrụ ugbo bụ usoro nwere njikọ, ha abụọ na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ụwa niile. A na-atụ anya na okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnọdụ na-emetụta ọrụ ugbo, gụnyere okpomọkụ, mmiri ozuzo dị oké ukwuu na mmiri ozuzo. Ọnọdụ ndị a na-ekpebi ikike ibu nke biosphere iji mepụta nri zuru ezu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na anụ ụlọ. Ịrị elu nke carbon dioxide ga-enwekwa mmetụta, ma nke na-emerụ ahụ ma nke bara uru, na mkpụrụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ntụle nke mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọrụ ugbo nwere ike inye aka ịtụ anya nke ọma ma gbanwee ọrụ ugbo iji mee ka [[Oru ugbo|mmepụta ọrụ ugbo]] dị ukwuu. Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmepụta ọrụ ugbo ejighị n'aka, o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-agbanwe mpaghara ndị kwesịrị ekwesị na-eto eto maka ihe ọkụkụ n'otu n'otu. Ntughari na mgbanwe mpaghara a ga-agụnye nnukwu ego akụ na ụba na mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'otu oge ahụ, e gosipụtara na ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mgbanwe ihu igwe, ọkachasị site na mmepụta na ntọhapụ nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ dị ka carbon dioxide, methane, na nitrous oxide. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọrụ ugbo nke na-etirisi ala, imeju, na itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ na-ewepụta amonia, nitrate, phosphorus, na ọtụtụ ọgwụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ikuku, mmiri, na ịdị mma ala, yana ụdị ndụ dị iche iche.<ref name="sciencedirect.com"/> Ọrụ ugbo na-agbanwekwa mkpuchi ala nke ụwa, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe ikike ya ịnara ma ọ bụ gosipụta okpomọkụ na ìhè, si otú a na-enye aka na ịmanye ọkụ. Mgbanwe ojiji ala dị ka igbuchapụ ọhịa na ọzara, tinyere iji mmanụ ala, bụ isi mmalite nke carbon dioxide; ọrụ ugbo n'onwe ya bụ isi ihe na-enye aka n'ịbawanye methane na nitrous oxide na mbara igwe ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf|title=UN Report on Climate Change|accessdate=25 June 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114144734/http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf|archivedate=2007-11-14}}</ref> Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ikuku methane na-esite na iji anụ ụlọ, ọkachasị ruminants dị ka ehi na ezì. Anụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ọkụkọ na azụ, nwere mmetụta dị ala.<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03016226/96/1 Livestock Farming Systems and their Environmental Impact]</ref> A na-emepụta ụfọdụ ngwọta iji gbochie mmịpụta nke anụmanụ ndị nke na-atsgharị nri ha. Atụmatụ gụnyere iji biogas sitere na nsị, nhọrọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, mmebi nke rumen, asọmpi nke methanogenic archaea na acetogens, iwebata nje methanotrophic bacteria n'ime rumen, mgbanwe nri na njikwa azụmaahịa, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Monteny|first=Gert-Jan|title=Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategies for Animal Husbandry, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment|url=https://archive.org/details/agriculture-ecosystems-environment_2006-02_112_2-3/page/163|journal=Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment|year=2006|volume=112|issue=2–3|pages=163–70|doi=10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.genomecanada.ca/en/programs/large-scale-science/past-competitions/strategic-initiatives/bovine-genomics |title=Bovine genomics project at Genome Canada |accessdate=2022-04-21 |archivedate=2019-08-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810023632/https://www.genomecanada.ca/en/programs/large-scale-science/past-competitions/strategic-initiatives/bovine-genomics }}</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/story/canada-is-using-genetics-to-make-cows-less-gassy/ Canada is using genetics to make cows less gassy]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1071/AR99004|title=Ruminal acetogens and their potential to lower ruminant methane emissions|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_australian-journal-of-agricultural-research_1999_50_8/page/1307|journal=Australian Journal of Agricultural Research|volume=50|issue=8|pages=1307|year=1999|author=Joblin|first=K. N.}}</ref><ref>[https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01137190/document The use of direct-fed microbials for mitigation of ruminant methane emissions: a review]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/21553769.2015.1063550|title=Exploring diet-dependent shifts in methanogen and methanotroph diversity in the rumen of Mehsani buffalo by a metagenomics approach|journal=Frontiers in Life Science|volume=8|issue=4|pages=371–378|year=2015|author=Parmar|first=N. R.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Boadi|first=D.|year=2004|title=Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-animal-science_2004-09_84_3/page/319|journal=Can. J. Anim. Sci.|volume=84|issue=3|pages=319–335|doi=10.4141/a03-109}}</ref><ref>Martin, C. et al. 2010. Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale. ''Animal'' 4 : pp 351-365.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Eckard|first=R. J.|year=2010|title=Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: A review|journal=Livestock Science|volume=130|issue=1–3|pages=47–56|doi=10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.010}}</ref> Mgbanwe ụfọdụ nke nri (dịka ''Asparagopsis taxiformis'') na-enye ohere maka mbelata nke ihe ruru pasentị iri itoolu na itoolu (99%) na ikuku mmanụ gas na-ekpo ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Machado|first=Lorenna|date=2014-01-22|title=Effects of Marine and Freshwater Macroalgae on In Vitro Total Gas and Methane Production|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=1|pages=e85289|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0085289|issn=1932-6203|pmid=24465524}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blog.csiro.au/seaweed-hold-key-cutting-methane-emissions-cow-burps/|title=Seaweed could hold the key to cutting methane emissions from cow burps - CSIROscope|date=2016-10-14|work=CSIROscope}}</ref> N'ihi mmetụta ọjọọ ndị a, kamakwa maka ihe kpatara ọrụ ugbo nke ọma (lee Nri vs. nri), otu atụmatụ na-ekwu banyere nnukwu mbelata nke anụ ụlọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụfọdụ anụmanụ (ya bụ ehi) na mba ụfọdụ site n'afọ 2030.<ref>[https://www.rethinkx.com/food-and-agriculture Rethink X: food and agriculture]</ref><ref>[https://www.rethinkx.com/food-and-agriculture#food-and-agriculture-download Rethinking agriculture report]</ref> === Igbuchapụ ọhịa === Igbuchapụ ọhịa na-ekpochapụ oké ọhịa nke ụwa n'ọtụtụ ụwa ọnụ ma na-akpata ọtụtụ mmebi ala. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-akpata igbuchapụ ọhịa bụ ikpochapu ala maka ebe ịta nri ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ. Dị ka onye Britain na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi bụ Norman Myers si kwuo, 5% nke igbuchapụ ọhịa bụ n'ihi ịzụ ehi, 19% n'ihi oke igodo osisi, 22% n'ihi ngalaba na-eto eto nke ubi [[Nmanu nri|mmanụ nkwụ]], na 54% n'ihi ọrụ ugbo na-ere ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0515-hance_myers.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120529015553/http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0515-hance_myers.html|archivedate=May 29, 2012|title=Tropical deforestation is 'one of the worst crises since we came out of our caves'|first=Jeremy|author=Hance|work=Mongabay.com / A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face|date=May 15, 2008}}</ref> Igbuchapụ ọhịa na-akpata ọnwụ nke ebe obibi maka ọtụtụ nde ụdị, ọ bụkwa onye na-akpata mgbanwe ihu igwe. Osisi na-arụ ọrụ dị ka carbon sink: ya bụ, ha na-amịkọrọ carbon dioxide, gas na-ekpo ọkụ a na-achọghị, site na ikuku. Iwepụ osisi na-ewepụta carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku ma hapụ osisi ole na ole iji nweta ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke carbon dioxide na ikuku. N'ụzọ dị otú a, igbuchapụ ọhịa na-eme ka mgbanwe ihu igwe ka njọ. Mgbe e wepụrụ osisi n'ọhịa, ala na-akpọnwụ n'ihi na ndò adịghịzi, ọ dịghịkwa osisi zuru ezu iji nyere aka na usoro mmiri site na iweghachi ikuku mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'enweghị osisi, ala ndị bụbu ọhịa nwere ike ịghọ ọzara na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla. Mgbọrọgwụ osisi ahụ na-enyekwa aka ijide ala ọnụ, ya mere mgbe ewepụrụ ha, apịtị nwekwara ike ime. Iwepụ osisi na-akpatakwa oke mgbanwe na okpomọkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deforestation|url=http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation-overview/|work=National Geographic|accessdate=24 April 2015|archive-date=24 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224131245/http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation-overview/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2000, otú United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) chọpụtara na "ọrụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na mpaghara nwere ike ịdị iche site na mkpebi siri ike ruo na enweghị isi," nakwa na igbuchapụ ọhịa nwere ike ịpụta site na "njikọ nke nrụgide ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nkà na ụzụ. "<ref name="population1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/sd/WPdirect/WPan0050.htm|title=Population and deforestation|author=Alain Marcoux|date=August 2000|work=SD Dimensions|publisher=Sustainable Development Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628184520/http://www.fao.org/sd/WPdirect/WPan0050.htm|archivedate=2011-06-28}}</ref> === Injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa === === Ihe ndị mmetọ === {{Excerpt|Agricultural pollution}} === Mmebi ala === Mmebi ala bụ mbelata nke àgwà ala nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe, ọkachasị site na ọrụ ugbo. Ala nwere ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe dị iche iche dị n'ụwa, ala dị mma dịkwa mkpa maka mmepụta nri na mmiri zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soil Degradation|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/soildegradation/|work=Office of Environment Heritage|accessdate=23 April 2015}}</ref> Àgwà ndị a na-ahụkarị nke mmebi ala nwere ike ịbụ nnu, mmiri mmiri, mkpakọ, mmetọ ọgwụ ahụhụ, mbelata nke ọdịdị ala, ọnwụ nke ọmụmụ, mgbanwe na acidity ala, alkaliity, salinity, na mmetọ. Mbelata ala bụ iyi ala elu site na mmiri, ifufe, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ugbo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Soil Erosion – Causes and Effects|url=http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/engineer/facts/12-053.htm|accessdate=2018-04-11|work=www.omafra.gov.on.ca|language=en-ca}}</ref> Ala elu na-eme nri nke ọma, nke na-eme ka ọ baa uru nye ndị ọrụ ugbo na-akọ ihe ọkụkụ.<ref name=":1" /> Mmebi ala nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmebi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, nke na-emetụta obodo microbial nke ala ma nwee ike ịgbanwe ịgba ígwè na-edozi ahụ, njikwa ahụhụ na ọrịa, na mgbanwe kemịkal nke ala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agricultural Land Use Issues|url=http://nerrs.noaa.gov/doc/siteprofile/acebasin/html/modules/landuse/lmagrlnu.htm#soil|work=National Estuarine Research Reserve System|accessdate=23 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424054141/http://nerrs.noaa.gov/doc/siteprofile/acebasin/html/modules/landuse/lmagrlnu.htm#soil|archivedate=24 April 2015}}</ref> ==== Mbelata nke ugbo ==== {{Excerpt|Tillage erosion}} === Ihe mkpofu === Plasticulture bụ ojiji nke plastic mulch na ọrụ ugbo. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji mpempe akwụkwọ plastik dị ka mulch iji kpuchie 50-70% nke ala ma nye ha ohere iji usoro ịgba mmiri iji nwee njikwa dị mma maka nri ala na mmiri. A chọghị mmiri ozuzo na usoro a, a na-arụkwa ugbo ndị na-eji plasticulture iji gbaa ume ka mmiri ozuzo na-agba ọsọ. Ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụhụ na plasticulture na-enye ohere ka a na-ebugharị ọgwụ ahụhụ n'ụzọ dị mfe n'elu mmiri na-aga n'ala mmiri ma ọ bụ iyi mmiri. Mmiri si na ọgwụ ahụhụ na kemịkal dị na plastik nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nkwarụ na ọnwụ na shellfish ka mmiri na-ebute kemịkal ahụ n'oké osimiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kidd|first=Greg|title=Pesticides and Plastic Mulch Threaten the Health of Maryland and Virginia East Shore Waters|journal=Pesticides and You|date=1999–2000|volume=19|issue=4|pages=22–23|url=http://www.beyondpesticides.org/Pesticides%20and%20Plastic%20Mulch%20Threaten%20the%20Health%20of%20Maryland%20and%20Virginia%20Eastern%20Shore%20Waters.pdf|accessdate=23 April 2015}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na mmụba mmiri nke na-esite na plasticulture, enwerekwa nsogbu nke mmụba nke nsị sitere na plastik mulch n'onwe ya. Ojiji nke plastik mulch maka akwụkwọ nri, strawberries, na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ na ubi mkpụrụ osisi karịrị 110 nde pound kwa afọ na United States. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime plastik na-ejedebe n'ime ala, ọ bụ ezie na enwere nhọrọ mkpofu ndị ọzọ dị ka disking mulches n'ime ala, ili n'ebe ahụ, nchekwa na saịtị, iji ya mee ihe ọzọ, imegharị ihe, na ọkụ. Nhọrọ ọkụ na imegharị ihe dị mgbagwoju anya site n'ụdị plastik dị iche iche a na-eji eme ihe na site na mgbasa mpaghara nke plastik. Plastik nwekwara stabilizers na dyes yana ọla dị arọ, nke na-egbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwaahịa ndị nwere ike ịmegharị. A na-eme nnyocha mgbe niile banyere ịmepụta mulches biodegradable ma ọ bụ photodegradable. Ọ bụ ezie na enwere obere ihe ịga nke ọma na nke a, enwerekwa nsogbu nke ogologo oge plastik ahụ na-ewe iji mebie, dịka ọtụtụ ngwaahịa biodegradable na-ewe ogologo oge iji mebie.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hemphill|first=Delbert|title=Agricultural Plastics as Solid Waste: What are the Options for Disposal?|journal=HortTechnology|date=March 1993|volume=3|issue=1|pages=70–73|doi=10.21273/HORTTECH.3.1.70|url=http://horttech.ashspublications.org/content/3/1/70.full.pdf+html|accessdate=23 April 2015}}</ref> === Nsogbu site na mpaghara === Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịdị iche dabere na mpaghara yana ụdị usoro mmepụta ọrụ ugbo a na-eji. E depụtara n'okpuru ebe a bụ ụfọdụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. * Iwepụ Hedgerow na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]. * Ala salinisation, ọkachasị na [[Ostraliya|Australia]]. * Ngwuputa Phosphate na Nauru * Mmịpụta Methane sitere na anụ ụlọ na New Zealand. ''Lee mgbanwe ihu igwe na New Zealand.'' * Ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekwu na mpaghara hypoxic dị na Gulf of [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] dị ka nke a na-agba ume site na nitrogen fertilization nke okooko algae. * Usoro jikọtara ọnụ site na ahia ọrụ ugbo na-eduga na mmetụta mpaghara site na mmetụta cascading na usoro mmịfe. Ihe metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi (Socioeconomic Drivers Section) == Ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide == Ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide bụ echiche na ọrụ ugbo kwesịrị ime n'ụzọ nke na anyị nwere ike ịnọgide na-emepụta ihe dị mkpa n'emebighị ikike maka ọgbọ ndị ga-abịa n'ihu ime otu ihe ahụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-arịwanye elu n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya emeela ka omume nke ntụgharị ala ọrụ ugbo iji gboo mkpa nri nke n'aka nke ya emeela ka mmetụta dị na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ka na-arịwanye elu ma ga-emesị kwụsie ike, dịka ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ na-enwe obi abụọ na mmepụta nri, n'ihi obere mkpụrụ sitere na okpomọkụ ụwa, nwere ike ịkwado ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọrụ ugbo nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche.<ref name="Garnett-et-al-2013"/> Ugbo organic bụ usoro ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ala na gburugburu ebe obibi na obere ọnụ ọgụgụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọrụ ugbo organic na-eme ka mkpụrụ dị ala n'ihe gbasara mmepụta kwa mpaghara.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Seufert|first=Verena|title=Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2012-05-10_485_7397/page/229|journal=Nature|date=25 April 2012|volume=485|issue=7397|pages=229–232|doi=10.1038/nature11069|pmid=22535250}}</ref> Ya mere, nnabata zuru oke nke ọrụ ugbo organic ga-achọ ka a kpochapụ ala ọzọ ma wepụta mmiri iji mezuo otu ọkwa mmepụta. Nnyocha nyocha nke mba Europe chọpụtara na ugbo organic na-enwekarị ọdịnaya dị elu nke ala na obere ihe na-edozi ahụ (nitrogen leaching, nitrous oxide emissions, na ammonia emissions) kwa unit nke mpaghara ubi mana elu ammonia emissions, nitrogen leaching na nitrous oxide emissions kwa unit ngwaahịa unit.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tuomisto|first=H.L.|title=Does organic farming reduce environmental impacts? – A meta-analysis of European research|journal=Journal of Environmental Management|date=December 2012|volume=112|pages=309–320|doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.018|pmid=22947228}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na usoro ọrụ ugbo nkịtị na-akpata obere ihe dị iche iche dị iche karịa usoro organic. Ugbo organic egosila na ọ nwere nkezi 30% ụdị ọgaranya dị elu karịa ọrụ ugbo nkịtị. Usoro organic na nkezi nwekwara 50% ọzọ organism. Data a nwere nsogbu ụfọdụ n'ihi na enwere ọtụtụ nsonaazụ nke gosipụtara mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ihe ndị a mgbe ị nọ na usoro ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bengtsson|first=Janne|date=2005-04-01|title=The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-ecology_2005-04_42_2/page/261|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|language=en|volume=42|issue=2|pages=261–269|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x|issn=1365-2664}}</ref> Mmegide na-emegide ọrụ ugbo organic kwenyere na ihe ndị a na-adịghị mma bụ ihe iseokwu na usoro ọrụ ugbo organic. Ihe malitere dị ka obere ọnụ ọgụgụ, omume na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi aghọwo ugbu a dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nkịtị. Mmepe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe a nwere ike ibute nsogbu ndị e gosipụtara n'elu dịka mgbanwe ihu igwe, na igbuchapụ ọhịa. === Ọrụ ugbo na-emegharị ihe === {{Excerpt|Regenerative agriculture}} === Nkà === ==== Ugbo nchekwa ==== Ugbo nchekwa bụ usoro ọzọ maka ọrụ ugbo nke na-adịgide adịgide maka ala na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.climatetechwiki.org/technology/conservation-tillage|title=Conservation tillage {{!}} ClimateTechWiki|work=www.climatetechwiki.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-05-04|archivedate=2017-05-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505154812/http://www.climatetechwiki.org/technology/conservation-tillage}}</ref> A na-eme nke a site n'ikwe ka ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe ọkụkụ nke owuwe ihe ubi gara aga nọgide n'ime ala tupu ịkọ maka ihe ọkụkụ ọzọ. Ugbo nchekwa egosila na ọ na-eme ka ọtụtụ ihe dị mma dị ka njigide mmiri ala, ma belata mmetọ. Ọghọm ụfọdụ bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na a chọrọ ngwá ọrụ dị oke ọnụ maka usoro a, ọ ga-adị mkpa iji ọgwụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ, mmetụta dị mma na-ewe ogologo oge iji pụta ìhè.<ref name=":0" /> Ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta iwu nchekwa ugbo bụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ala azụ ịgbanwe usoro ha, ma na-eme mkpesa maka usoro ọrụ ugbo dị oke ọnụ, na nke na-ewe oge karịa nke a na-ahụkarị ha na-eji.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Holland|first=J. M.|date=2004-06-01|title=The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: reviewing the evidence|url=https://archive.org/details/agriculture-ecosystems-environment_2004-06_103_1/page/1|journal=Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment|volume=103|issue=1|pages=1–25|doi=10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.018}}</ref> ==== Nchịkwa ụmụ ahụhụ ==== {{Excerpt|Biological pest control}} == Leekwa == * Agroecology * Mmetọ ọrụ ugbo * Agro-hydro-salinity model (maka mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo mmiri) * Paspọtụ Ngwaahịa Digital * Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta anụ * Nri omume * Fermentation * Anụ analogue * Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mbubata soybean na EU * Single cell protein * Ihe onwunwe na-adịghị mma na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo na azụmaahịa * Ọrụ nri ụmụ anụmanụ * Ndepụta nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi * Ebe obibi * Nchịkwa zuru oke * <nowiki><i id="mwAXs">Ogologo onyinyo anụ ụlọ - Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na nhọrọ</i></nowiki> : Akụkọ nke Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations * Ụkpụrụ nke Organic Agriculture * Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha maka ọrụ ugbo organic * Ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ngwaahịa * Mbelata nke ugbo == Ebenside == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụgụ ọzọ == * Miller, G. T., & Spoolman, S. (2012). Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi. Cengage Learning.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-305-25716-0|978-1-305-25716-0]] * {{Cite journal|author=Qaim|first=Matin|title=Benefits of genetically modified crops for the poor: household income, nutrition, and health|journal=New Biotechnology|volume=27|issue=5|year=2010|issn=1871-6784|doi=10.1016/j.nbt.2010.07.009|pages=552–557|pmid=20643233}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.holisticmanagement.org Holistic Management International] * [http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2006-3/animal/2006-3-11.htm Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ] - Isiokwu magazin Choices * Waterlog.info Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nwere isiokwu n'efu na ngwanrọ na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo na-agba mmiri dị ka mmiri na salinization * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110209071751/http://www.extension.org/pages/Environmental_Planning_on_Livestock_and_Poultry_Operations Atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ anụ ụlọ na anụ ọkụkọ] Archived na-akọwa ọtụtụ usoro atụmatụ dị iche iche nwere ike iji na ugbo. Ọ gụnyekwara njikọ na ọtụtụ webcasts. Akụkụ nke Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Archived [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2prxpub9m8ewqgtkk03du83gd2pjqea 0 12824 727658 698812 2026-09-24T16:46:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihe metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi''', '''ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi''' ma ọ bụ ihe '''eco''' bụ ihe ọ bụla dị ndu ma ọ nke na adịghị ndu, nke na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ndụ.<ref>Gilpin, A. 1996. Dictionary of Environment and Sustainable Development. [[John Wiley and Sons]]. 247 p.</ref> Ihe ndị dị ndụ gụnyere ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, oke ìhè anyanwụ, na pH nke ala mmiri nke ihe dị ndụ bi na ya. Ihe ndị dị ndụ ga-agụnye nnweta nke ihe oriri na ọṅụṅụ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ndị asọmpi, ndị na-eri anụ, na nje. == Nkọwapụta == [[Usòrò:DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg|thumb|Ọrịa kansa bụ isi ihe kpatara gburugburu ebe obibi<ref name="BBC-20151217">{{Cite news|author=Gallagher|first=James|title=Cancer is not just 'bad luck' but down to environment, study suggests|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-35111449|date=17 December 2015|work=BBC|accessdate=17 December 2015}}</ref>]] 'Genotype' nke ihe dị ndụ (dịka, na zygote) sụgharịrị n'ime phenotype okenye site na mmepe n'oge ontogeny nke ihe dị ndụ, ma nwee mmetụta site na ọtụtụ mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'okwu a, enwere ike ile a na akpọ 'phenotype' (ma ọ bụ àgwà phenotypic) anya dị ka njirimara ọ bụla a pụrụ ịkọwapụta ma tụọ nke ihe dị ndụ, dị ka ahụ ya ma ọ bụ ụcha akpụkpọ ahụ. E wezụga ezigbo nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa monogenic, ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ikpebi mmepe nke ọrịa na ndị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ebute otu ọnọdụ. Nchegbu, mmetọ anụ ahụ na nke uche, nri, ikpughe na nsí, nje, ụzarị ọkụ na kemịkal dị na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye na ndị na-ehicha ụlọ bụ ihe ndị na-ahụkarị gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-ekpebi akụkụ buru ibu nke ọrịa na-abụghị nke nketa. Ọ bụrụ na e kwubiri usoro ọrịa na ọ bụ n'ihi ngwakọta nke mmetụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na gburugburu ebe obibi, enwere ike ịkpọ mmalite ya dị ka inwe usoro multifactorial. Ọrịa kansa na-enwekarị njikọ na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="BBC-20151217">{{Cite news|author=Gallagher|first=James|title=Cancer is not just 'bad luck' but down to environment, study suggests|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-35111449|date=17 December 2015|work=BBC|accessdate=17 December 2015}}</ref> Ịnọgide na-enwe ịdị arọ dị mma, iri nri dị mma, ibelata mmanya na iwepụ ise siga na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa ahụ, dị ka ndị nchọpụta si kwuo.<ref name="BBC-20151217" /> A na-amụkwa ihe na-akpata ụkwara ume ọkụ<ref>[http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/asthma/docs/FactsheetAsthmaandItsEnvironmentalTriggers.pdf "Asthma and Its Environmental Triggers"], [[National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences]], May 2006, retrieved 5 March 2010</ref> na autism<ref>[http://www.physorg.com/news145544025.html "Study showing evidence of a major environmental trigger for autism"], November 10, 2008 navjot [[PhysOrg]], retrieved 5 March 2010</ref>. == Ngosipụta == Ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere usoro nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ (ya bụ na-abụghị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa) site na ịtụrụ ime gaa n'ihu, na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ahụ dị mma. Onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọrịa kansa bụ Christopher Paul Wild buru ụzọ kwuo ihe ngosi ahụ n'afọ 2005 n'isiokwu nke isiokwu ya bụ "Complementing the genome with an "exposome": ihe ịma aka pụtara ìhè nke nyocha nke gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrịa nje molekụla" n'asụsụ bekee.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wild|first=CP|title=Complementing the genome with an "exposome": the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology|journal=Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention|date=Aug 2005|volume=14|issue=8|pages=1847–50|pmid=16103423|doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0456}}</ref> Echiche nke ikpughe na otu esi atụle ya emela ka mkparịta ụka dị ụtọ na echiche dị iche iche n'afọ 2010, 2012, 2014 nakwa n'afọ 2021.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2010|title=Epidemiology. Environment and disease risks|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2010-10-22_330_6003/page/460|journal=Science|volume=330|issue=6003|pages=460–461|doi=10.1126/science.1192603|pmid=20966241}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rappaport SM|year=2011|title=Implications of the exposome for exposure science|journal=J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol|volume=21|issue=1|pages=5–9|doi=10.1038/jes.2010.50|pmid=21081972}}</ref><ref name="Wild 24–32">{{Cite journal|author=Wild|first=CP|title=The exposome: from concept to utility|journal=International Journal of Epidemiology|date=Feb 2012|volume=41|issue=1|pages=24–32|pmid=22296988|doi=10.1093/ije/dyr236}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|year=2012|title=Understanding the link between environmental exposures and health: does the exposome promise too much?|journal=Epidemiol Community Health|volume=66|issue=2|pages=103–105|doi=10.1136/jech-2011-200643|pmid=22080817}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|year=2012|title=Exposome: time for transformative research|journal=Stat Med|volume=31|issue=22|pages=2569–75|doi=10.1002/sim.5496|pmid=22969025}}</ref><ref name="CDC">[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (2012). [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/exposome/ "Exposome and Exposomics"]. Retrieved 5 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Buck Louis G. M.|year=2013|title=The Exposome – Exciting Opportunities for Discoveries in Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology|journal=Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology|volume=27|issue=3|pages=229–236|doi=10.1111/ppe.12040|pmid=23574410}}</ref><ref name="dx.doi.org">{{Cite journal|year=2014|title=The Human Early-Life Exposome (HELIX): Project Rationale and Design|journal=Environ Health Perspect|volume=122|issue=6|pages=535–544|doi=10.1289/ehp.1307204|pmid=24610234}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miller Gary W.|year=2014|title=The Nature of Nurture: Refining the Definition of the Exposome|journal=[[Toxicological Sciences]]|volume=137|issue=1|pages=1–2|doi=10.1093/toxsci/kft251|pmid=24213143}}</ref><ref name="Zhang">{{Cite journal|author=Zhang|first=Xinyue|title=The Exposome in the Era of the Quantified Self|journal=Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science|date=20 July 2021|volume=4|issue=1|pages=255–277|doi=10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-012721-122807|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-012721-122807|accessdate=1 September 2021}}</ref> N'isiokwu ya n'afọ 2005, Wild kwuru, "N'ihe zuru oke, ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere ihe ngosi gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndụ (gụnyere ihe ndị metụtara ndụ), site na oge ọmụmụ gaa n'ihu. " E bu ụzọ kwuo echiche a iji dọta uche gaa na mkpa ọ dị maka data ngosi gburugburu ebe obibi ka mma na nke zuru oke maka nchọpụta ihe kpatara ya, iji dozie ego na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Dị ka Wild si kwuo, ọbụna nsụgharị na-ezughị ezu nke exposome nwere ike [[Iba|ịba]] uru na ọrịa. N'afọ 2012, Wild depụtara usoro, gụnyere sensọ onwe, biomarkers, na teknụzụ 'omics', iji kọwaa ihe ngosi ahụ nke ọma.<ref name="Wild 24–32"/> Ọ kọwara ngalaba atọ na-agafe n'ime ihe ngosi ahụ: # gburugburu ebe obibi n'èzí gụnyere gburugburu obodo, agụmakwụkwọ, ihe ndị metụtara ihu igwe, isi obodo, nrụgide, # a kpọmkwem mpụga gburugburu ebe obibi na kpọmkwem contaminants, ụzarị ọkụ, ọrịa, ndụ ihe (eg. ụtaba, mmanya), nri, mmega ahụ, wdg. # gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ime iji gụnye ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ dị ka ihe ndị metụtara metabolic, homonụ, microflora gut, ọkụ, nrụgide oxidative. [[Usòrò:Exposome_nruaux.jpg|alt=Exposome|thumb|Ngosipụta]] Ná ngwụsị afọ 2013, akọwapụtara nkọwa a n'ụzọ miri emi n'akwụkwọ mbụ banyere ihe ngosi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gary Miller|isbn=978-0124172173|date=2 December 2013|pages=118|title=The Exposome: A Primer|publisher=Elsevier|url=https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-exposome/miller/978-0-12-417217-3|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=G x E = ?|url=http://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/g-x-e/|author=Gary Miller|date=20 November 2013|publisher=Elsevier|work=Sci Connect|accessdate=16 January 2014|archivedate=1 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201210118/http://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/g-x-e/}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, otu onye edemede ahụ degharịrị nkọwa ahụ iji tinye mmeghachi omume ahụ na usoro metabolic ya nke na-agbanwe nhazi nke kemịkal.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miller Gary W.|date=January 2014|title=The Nature of Nurture: Refining the Definition of the Exposome|journal=[[Toxicological Sciences]]|volume=137|issue=1|pages=1–2|pmid=24213143|doi=10.1093/toxsci/kft251}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghi anya, nke a na-egosi site na ngosipụta nke metabolic n'ime na gburugburu oge ime, ngosipụta metabolic nke nne gụnyere ngosipụta dị ka oke ibu nne / oke ibu na ọrịa shuga, na erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, gụnyere nri abụba dị elu / calorie dị elu, nke jikọtara ya na uto nwa ebu n'afọ, nwa ọhụrụ na ụtọ Nwatakịrị, na mmụba nke oke ibu na nsogbu metabolic ndị ọzọ na ndụ mgbe e mesịrị.<ref>Strain, J., Spaans, F., Serhan, M., Davidge, S. T. & Connor, K. L.. Programming of weight and obesity across the lifecourse by the maternal metabolic exposome: A systematic review. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 100986 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.mam.2021.100986</ref><ref> Wang, J., et al., 2019. Gestational diabetes and offspring’s growth from birth to 6 years old. Int. J. Obes. 43, 663–672</ref> == Ịtụ == Maka nsogbu dị mgbagwoju anya, ihe ndị na-akpata mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa yiri ka ọ bụ naanị 10-30% nke ọrịa ahụ, mana enwebeghị ụkpụrụ ma ọ bụ usoro iji tụọ mmetụta nke ikpughe gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnyocha ụfọdụ banyere mmekọrịta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrịa shuga egosila na "ọmụmụ mkpakọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi" (EWAS, ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ mkpakọrịta zuru oke) nwere ike ikwe omume.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Patel|first=CJ|title=An Environment-Wide Association Study (EWAS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus.|journal=PLOS ONE|date=May 20, 2010|volume=5|issue=5|pages=e10746|pmid=20505766|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0010746}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ihe data set bụ ndị kasị kwesịrị ekwesị na-anọchite anya uru nke "E".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Smith Martyn T.|date=August 2009|title=Building Exposure Biology Centers to Put the E into "G × E" Interaction Studies|journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives]]|volume=117|issue=8|pages=A334–A335|pmid=19672377|doi=10.1289/ehp.12812}}</ref> == Atụmatụ nyocha == Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2016, o nwere ike ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịtụ ma ọ bụ gosipụta ngosipụta zuru ezu, mana ọtụtụ ọrụ Europe amalitela ime mgbalị mbụ. N'afọ 2012, European Commission nyere nnukwu onyinye abụọ iji mee nnyocha metụtara ikpughe.<ref name="nature">{{Cite journal|title=Daily dose of toxics to be tracked|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2012-11-29_491_7426/page/647|journal=Nature|volume=491|issue=7426|pages=647|author=Callaway|first=Ewen|date=27 November 2012|doi=10.1038/491647a|pmid=23192121}}</ref> A malitere ọrụ HELIX na Barcelona-based Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 2014, ma zube ịzụlite ihe ngosi nke ndụ mbụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vrijheid|first=M|title=The human early-life exposome (HELIX): project rationale and design.|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|date=June 2014|volume=122|issue=6|pages=535–44|doi=10.1289/ehp.1307204|pmid=24610234}}</ref> Ọrụ nke abụọ, Exposomics, nke dị na Imperial College [[London]], ọ malitere na 2012, bu n'obi iji ngwa ekwentị pụrụ iche nke ndị bekee kpọrọ smartphones na-eji GPS na sensọ gburugburu ebe obibi iji chọpụta ihe ngosi.<ref name="nature" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140509031606/http://www.exposomicsproject.eu/ About Exposomics] EU</ref> Ná ngwụsị afọ 2013, nnukwu atụmatụ a na-akpọ "Health and Environment-Wide Associations based on Large Scale population Surveys" ma ọ bụ HEALS, malitere. N'ịbụ nke a na-akpọ dị ka ọmụmụ ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị ukwuu na Europe, HEALS na-atụ aro ịnakwere usoro akọwapụtara site na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro DNA, mgbanwe DNA epigenetic, nkwupụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HEALS-EU.|url=http://www.heals-eu.eu/|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 2011, mba US National Academy of Sciences kwadoro nzukọ nke isiokwu ya bụ "Emerging Technologies for Measuring Individual Exposomes" n'asụsụ bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Academy of Sciences meeting|url=http://nas-sites.org/emergingscience/meetings/exposome/|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref> Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa, "Exposome and Exposomics", na-akọwa ebe atọ dị mkpa maka ime nnyocha banyere ọrụ dị ka National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health chọpụtara.<ref name="CDC"/> Ụlọ ọrụ National Institutes of Health (NIH) etinyela ego na teknụzụ na-akwado nchọpụta metụtara ikpughe gụnyere biosensors, ma na-akwado nyocha banyere mmekọrịta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NIEHS Gene-Environment studies|url=http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science/gene-env/index.cfm|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Genes and Environment Initiative|url=http://www.genome.gov/19518663|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref> == Atụmatụ gbasara ihe omume nke ndị mmadụ nke a kpọrọ Proposed Human Exposome Project (HEP) n'asụsụ bekee == Ebumnuche nke Human Exposome Project, nke yiri Human Genome Project, ka a tụrụ aro ma tụlere ya n'ọtụtụ nzukọ sayensị, mana ka ọ na-erule afọ 2017, ọ dịghị ọrụ dị otú ahụ. N'iburu n'uche enweghị nkọwa doro anya banyere otú sayensị ga-esi na-achụso ọrụ dị otú ahụ, enweghị nkwado.<ref>Arnaud, Celia Henry (16 August 2010). [https://pubs.acs.org/cen/science/88/8833sci1.html "Exposing The Exposome"]. ''Chemical & Engineering News'', Vol. 88, No. 33, pp. 42–44. [[American Chemical Society]]. Retrieved 5 March 2013.</ref> Akụkọ banyere okwu a gụnyere: * nyocha nke afọ 2011 banyere [[Exposure science|sayensị ikpughe]] na ikpughe nke Paul Lioy na Stephen Rappaport, "Sayansi Ngosipụta na ngosipụta: ohere maka njikọta na sayensị ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi" na akwụkwọ akụkọ Environmental Health Perspectives .<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lioy|first=PJ|title=Exposure science and the exposome: an opportunity for coherence in the environmental health sciences|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|date=Nov 2011|volume=119|issue=11|pages=A466–7|pmid=22171373|doi=10.1289/ehp.1104387}}</ref> * akụkọ nke afọ 2012 sitere na United States National Research Council "Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy", na-akọwa ihe ịma aka na nyocha usoro nke ihe ngosi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NRC report supports NIEHS vision of the exposome|url=http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2012/10/spotlight-nrc/index.htm|accessdate=21 January 2013|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127134911/http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2012/10/spotlight-nrc/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13507|accessdate=21 January 2013|isbn=9780309264686|date=2012-09-07|author=Council|first=National Research}}</ref> == Mpaghara ndị metụtara ya == Echiche nke exposome enyewo aka na atụmatụ nke afọ 2010 nke ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ na ọrịa phenotype, "ụkpụrụ ọrịa pụrụ iche": Onye ọ bụla nwere usoro ọrịa pụrụ iche dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-atụle ịdị iche nke exposome na mmetụta ya pụrụ iche na usoro ọrịa molekụla gụnyere mgbanwe na interactome.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2013|title=Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease|journal=Mod Pathol|volume=26|issue=4|pages=465–484|doi=10.1038/modpathol.2012.214|pmid=23307060}}</ref> E bu ụzọ kọwaa ụkpụrụ a na ọrịa neoplastic dị ka "ụkpụrụ akpụ pụrụ iche".<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2012|title=How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine|journal=Expert Rev Mol Diagn|volume=12|issue=6|pages=621–628|doi=10.1586/erm.12.46|pmid=22845482}}</ref> Dabere na ụkpụrụ ọrịa a pụrụ iche, ngalaba dị iche iche nke ọrịa nje (MPE) jikọtara ọrịa nje na ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2010|title=Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-national-cancer-institute_2010-03-17_102_6/page/365|journal=J Natl Cancer Inst|volume=102|issue=6|pages=365–367|doi=10.1093/jnci/djq031|pmid=20208016}}</ref> == Ndị Nkwalite na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke ọha == Ọtụtụ ihe na-eduzi mgbanwe ụwa; Otú ọ dị, ndị isi ise na-eduzi mgbanwe ụwa bụ: mmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, uto akụ na ụba, ọganihu teknụzụ, àgwà, na ụlọ ọrụ.<ref>Liverman, D., B. Yarnal, and B. L. Turner Ii. 2003. The Human Dimensions of Global Change. In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century, eds. G. L. Gaile and C. J. Willmott, 267-282. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> Ndị isi ọkwọ ụgbọala ise a nke mgbanwe ụwa nwere ike isi na ihe ndị metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke n'aka nke ya, a pụrụ ịhụ ndị a dị ka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala n'akụkụ nke ha.  Ndị na-eduzi mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike ịmalite site na ọchịchọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ọ bụ akụ na ụba maka akụ na ụba dịka ọchịchọ maka osisi ma ọ bụ ọchịchọ maka ihe ọkụkụ.  N'ịgbukpọ ọhịa n'ebe okpomọkụ dịka ọmụmaatụ, isi ihe na-akwọ ụgbọala bụ ohere akụ na ụba nke na-abịa na mmịpụta akụ ndị a na ntụgharị nke ala a ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ ala.<ref>Lambin, E. F., B. L. Turner Ii, J. Helmut, S. Agbola, A. Angelsen, J. Bruce, O. Coomes, R. Dirzo, G. Fischer, C. Folke, P. George, K. Homewood, J. Imbernon, R. Leemans, X. Li, E. Moran, M. Mortimore, R. Ramakrishnan, J. Richards, H. Skanes, W. Steffen, G. Stone, U. Svedin, T. Veldkamp, C. Vogel, and J. Xu. 2001. The causes of land-use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths. Global Environmental Change 11:261-269.</ref> Enwere ike igosipụta ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala a na ọkwa ọ bụla, site na ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka osisi ruo ọkwa ezinụlọ. A pụrụ ịhụ ihe atụ nke otú ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya si emetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na ahia soy bean n'etiti Brazil na China. Azụmahịa nke agwa soy site na [[Brazil]] na [[China]] etoola nke ukwuu n'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga. Ọganihu a na ahia n'etiti mba abụọ a na-akpali site na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-egwuri egwu ebe a bụ mkpa na-arị elu maka agwa soy nke Brazil na China, mmụba nke mgbanwe ojiji ala maka mmepụta agwa soy na Brazil, na mkpa ọ dị iwusi ahia mba ọzọ ike n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ.<ref>Liu, J., V. Hull, M. Batistella, R. DeFries, T. Dietz, F. Fu, T. W. Hertel, R. C. Izaurralde, E. F. Lambin, S. Li, L. A. Martinelli, W. J. McConnell, E. F. Moran, R. Naylor, Z. Ouyang, K. R. Polenske, A. Reenberg, G. de Miranda Rocha, C. S. Simmons, P. H. Verburg, P. M. Vitousek, F. Zhang, and C. Zhu. 2013. Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World. Ecology and Society 18 (2).</ref> Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala a niile nwere mmetụta na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmụba na mmepe maka ugbo soy bean na Brazil pụtara na ọ dị mkpa ka e nwekwuo ala maka akụ a. Nke a na -eme ka a gbanwee oke ọhịa n'ozuzu ya ka ọ bụrụ ala ugbo nke n'akụkụ ya nwere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>Turner Ii, B. L., and W. Meyer. 1994. Global Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: An Overview. In Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective, eds. W. Meyer and B. L. Turner Ii, 3-9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> Ihe atụ a nke mgbanwe ojiji ala nke ọchịchọ nke akụ na ụba na-akpali, ọ bụghị naanị na-eme na Brazil na mmepụta soy bean. [[Usòrò:Crawfish_Farming_-_Acadia_Parish_Louisiana_2020.jpg|thumb|Owuwe ihe ubi crawfish na Acadia Parish, Louisiana.]] Ihe atụ ọzọ sitere na The Renewable Energy Directive 2009 Union mgbe ha nyere iwu maka mmepe biofuel maka mba dị n'ime ndị otu ha. Site na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mba ụwa nke ịbawanye mmepụta biofuels na-emetụta ojiji ala na mba ndị a. Mgbe ugbo ugbo na-agbanwe gaa na bioenergy cropland, ihe ọkụkụ mbụ na-ebelata ebe ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe ọkụkụ a na-abawanye. Nke a na - akpata onye ọkwọ ụgbọala na -ahụ maka akụ na ụba maka mkpa ọ dị inwekwu ugbo ala iji kwado mkpa na -arịwanye elu. Otú ọ dị, na enweghị ala dịnụ site na ngbanwe ihe ọkụkụ na biofuels, mba ga-eleba anya n'ebe ndị dị anya iji zụlite ala ndị a mbụ. Nke a na - akpata usoro mmịfe na mba ebe mmepe ọhụrụ a na -ewere ọnọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mba [[Eluàlà|Afrịka]] na-agbanwe savanna ka ọ bụrụ ala ugbo na nke a niile sitere na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ịchọrọ ịzụlite biofuels.<ref>Eakin, H., DeFries, R., Kerr, S., Lambin, E. F., Liu, J., Marcotullio, P. J., ... Zimmerer, K. (2014). Significance of telecoupling for exploration of land-use change. In ''Rethinking Global Land Use in an Urban Era'' (pp. 141-161). MIT Press.</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-akpata mgbanwe ojiji ala anaghị eme na ọkwa mba ụwa. Enwere ike inwe ahụmahụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala a ruo n'ogo ụlọ. Ntughari ihe ọkụkụ abụghị naanị site na mgbanwe biofuel na ọrụ ugbo, nnukwu nnọchi sitere na Thailand mgbe ha gbanwere mmepụta nke osisi opium poppy na ihe ọkụkụ na-abụghị ọgwụ ọjọọ. Nke a mere ka ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke Thailand too, mana ọ kpatara mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ (opium replacement). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Wolong China, ndị obodo na-eji ọhịa dị ka nkụ iji sie ma na-ekpo ọkụ ụlọ ha. Ya mere, onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-arụ ọrụ ebe a bụ ọchịchọ obodo maka osisi iji kwado ihe oriri na mpaghara a. Site na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala a, ndị obodo na-ebelata ihe ha na-enweta maka nkụ mmanụ ụgbọala nke mere na ha ga-aga n'ihu iji wepụ akụ a. Mmegharị a na ọchịchọ maka osisi na-enye aka na ọnwụ nke pandas na mpaghara a n'ihi na gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-ebibi.<ref>Liu, J., T. Dietz, S. R. Carpenter, M. Alberti, C. Folke, E. Moran, A. N. Pell, P. Deadman, T. Kratz, J. Lubchenco, E. Ostrom, Z. Ouyang, W. Provencher, C. L. Redman, S. H. Schneider, and W. W. Taylor. 2007. Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems. Science 317 (5844):1513- 1516</ref> Otú ọ dị, mgbe ị na-eme nnyocha banyere ọnọdụ obodo, a na-elekwasị anya na nsonaazụ kama otú mgbanwe na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala zuru ụwa ọnụ si emetụta nsonaazụ.<ref>Stockholm Environment Institute. ''Linking Global and Local Scenarios under Climate Change''. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2003, www.jstor.org/stable/resrep00343. Accessed 12 Mar. 2020. </ref> N'ikwu nke a, ọ dị mkpa ka e mejuputa atụmatụ ọkwa obodo mgbe a na-enyocha ndị na-akpata mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Na mmechi, mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ otú ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọkwa ọ bụla si arụ ọrụ na nsonaazụ nke omume mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala a niile nwere mmetụta na-emetụta ala, ụmụ mmadụ, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ozuzu ya. Site n'ikwu nke a, ọ dị ụmụ mmadụ mkpa ịghọta nke ọma otú ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala ha nwere ike isi gbanwee ụzọ anyị si ebi ndụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịlaghachi n'ihe atụ soy bean, mgbe ọkọnọ ahụ enweghị ike igbo mkpa maka soy beans ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe ọkụkụ a na-abawanye nke na-emetụta mba ndị na-adabere na ihe ọkụkụ a maka isi iyi nri. Mmetụta ndị a nwere ike ịkpata ọnụ ahịa dị elu maka agwa soy na ụlọ ahịa ha na ahịa ha ma ọ bụ ọ nwere ike ịkpata enweghị nnweta maka ihe ọkụkụ a na mba ndị na-ebubata. Site na nsonaazụ abụọ a, ọkwa ezinụlọ na-emetụta ọkwa mba na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mmụba nke mkpa maka agwa soy Brazil na China. Site naanị otu ihe atụ a, mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ otú ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya si emetụta mgbanwe na ọkwa mba nke na-eduga na mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ, mpaghara, obodo, na ọkwa ezinụlọ. Isi echiche iji wepụ nke a bụ echiche na ihe niile nwere njikọ nakwa na ọrụ anyị na nhọrọ anyị dị ka ụmụ mmadụ nwere nnukwu ike na-emetụta ụwa anyị n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. == Leekwa ==   == Ebenside == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100305233348/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/177153.php "TAU Expert Reviews Environmental Triggers (hairspray! Egbugbere ọnụ!) Of Common Autoimmune Diseases"], Medical News Today. [[Òtù:Ọrià]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8924rslnqinx5n0t17ry1gydjillwz2 0 12923 727775 516689 2026-09-25T01:25:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Kroatia|Croatia]] bụ ebe a na-aga, isi iyi, na mba njem maka ụmụnwoke, ụmụnwanyị, na ụmụaka ndị a na-atụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ, kpọmkwem ọnọdụ nke ịgba akwụna mmanye na ọrụ mmanye. Ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ Croatia na-adaba na ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ n'ime mba ahụ, ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ si [[Serbia]], [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]], na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Europe na-amanye ịgba akwụna na Croatia na [[Obodo Békè|Europe]]. A na-akọ na a na-amanye ụmụnwoke ịrụ ọrụ na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo, ụmụaka, gụnyere [[ndị Rom]], na-enwe ọnọdụ nke ịmanye arịrịọ na izu ohi.<ref name="dos"/> Gọọmentị Croatia na-agbaso ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa. N'afọ 2009, gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-enyocha ma na-ekpe ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa ikpe, na-abawanye ntaramahụhụ kacha nta maka ndị na-azụ ahịa a mara ikpe, na nke mbụ ya, nyere onye na-azụ ahịa iwu ka ọ kwụọ onye ahụ ụgwọ. Mba Croatia nyere nnukwu ego nye NGO na-enye enyemaka na ebe obibi nye ndị na-azụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ ma na-aga n'ihu na ọzụzụ na mgbasa ozi na njirimara ndị a na-ahụ maka ya. Otú ọ dị, gọọmentị chọpụtara mmadụ ole na ole na-azụ ahịa n'afọ 2009 ma ghara ichebe ụfọdụ ndị akaebe.<ref name="dos"/> N'afọ 2010, ụfọdụ ndị e gburu bịara ma kọọ akụkọ ha. Kikka Cerpa kọrọ otú e si mee ka ọ hapụ [[Venezuela]] n'afọ 1992 ka ya na nwa nwanne nna enyi ya nwoke biri na [[New York City|New York]] n'oge ahụ iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta nwa.  Kama nke ahụ, e dinara ya n'ike ma manye ya ịgba akwụna iji kwụọ ụgwọ ndị enyi ya nwoke. Ọ nọrọ afọ atọ na-agba akwụna ruo mgbe onye ahịa nyeere ya aka ịgbapụ, a manyere ya ka ọ bụrụ ohu ya. Ya na ya nọrọ afọ iri, n'oge ahụ ọ mụrụ ụmụnwanyị abụọ. Mgbe o mechara nwee ike ịchọ enyemaka ma nweta iwu ụlọ ikpe maka nchebe, e boro ya ebubo na ọ bụ onye omekome na ụmụ ya ndị nwanyị na-ejide ya. Site n'enyemaka nke Sanctuary for Families, enwere ike ịtọhapụ ya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Trafficking Victims Speak for the Voiceless|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/trafficking-victims-speak-voiceless|accessdate=2021-04-23|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423113919/https://www.voanews.com/africa/trafficking-victims-speak-voiceless|url-status=dead}} [[Òtù:CS1 maint: url-status]]</ref> Charlotte Awino dị afọ iri na anọ (14) nwere otu ihe ahụ n'afọ 1996 mgbe ndị nnupụisi Uganda bụ Lord's Resistance Army tọọrọ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi. Site n'ebe ahụ, a kpọgara ya [[Sudan]] ebe e dinara ya n'ike ma tie ya ihe ma manye ya ịrụ ọrụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, mgbe ọ mụsịrị ụmụ abụọ, Charlotte jisiri ike gbapụ. A kpọbatara Kumar Ramjali na Nepal n'afọ 2004 iji gaa rụọ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ Jordan na America. Kama ịkwaga ya na America, e zigara ya n'ogige ndị agha nke mba United States na Iraq ebe a manyere ya ịnọ afọ 4. Onye na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ, Jana Kohut bịakwara n'ihu na akụkọ ya. E si na Croatia zigara ya [[Slovenia]] n'afọ 2004, maka mmegbu mmekọahụ. Otu enyi nwanyị ghọgburu ya, nke mere ka a tọọrọ ya, ma mesịa manyere ya ịgba akwụna na ndina n'ike ruo mgbe o jisiri ike gbapụ otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị. Ụlọ ọrụ International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) kwupụtara nyocha n'ọnwa Septemba 2010, nke lekwasịrị anya na mmegbu ndị ọrụ. Site n'enyemaka nke data anakọtara n'afọ 2007,2008 na 2009, enwere ike ịchọpụta na Croatia abụghịzi ebe mgbanwe kama ọ bụ isi iyi na mba na-aga. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ metụtara bụ ụmụnwoke, a na-azụ ahịa ma na-amanye ha ịrụ ọrụ. Ụdị mmegbu abụọ bụ nke mbụ site na ịgba akwụna, mgbe ahụ nke abụọ ọrụ mmanye. Ebe dị ka mmegbu ndị ọrụ yiri ka ọ naghị ahụ anya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2010|title=Trafficking in Human Beings in Croatia: An Assessment Focusing on Labour Exploitation|url=https://www.icmpd.org/fileadmin/ICMPD-Website/ICMPD_General/Publications/2010/THB_Croatia.pdf|accessdate=2021-05-04|work=International Centre for Migration Policy Development|archivedate=2021-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504100039/https://www.icmpd.org/fileadmin/ICMPD-Website/ICMPD_General/Publications/2010/THB_Croatia.pdf}}</ref> Data anakọtara site Ministry of Interior nke Republic of Croatia: Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị a na-emegbu site na nwoke na nwanyị (2007 - 2009): {| class="wikitable" |Ụmụ nwanyị |22% |- | |78% |} Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị a na-emegbu site na afọ: {| class="wikitable" |18 - 25 |3 |- |26 - 39 |4 |- |40 - 60 |1 |- |60+ |1 |} Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị e gburu site na mmegbu ọrụ site na ụmụ amaala: {| class="wikitable" |Croatia |56% |- |Republic nke Serbia |22% |- |Bosnia na Herzegovina |22% |} Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e gburu na mpaghara dị iche iche nke mmegbu: {| class="wikitable" |Ọrụ Ugbo |4 |- |Ịrịọ |3 |- |Ụlọ ahịa Mechanic |1 |- |Ụlọ ahịa eserese ụgbọala |1 |} Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mba ọzọ achọpụtara na ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị na Croatia: {| class="wikitable" |Afọ |Mol |Ndị nyocha steeti |- |2007 |2604 |1377 |- |2008 |2060 |880 |- |2009 |1665 |593 |} Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2" n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> == Mkpesa == Gọọmentị Croatia n'ozuzu ya kwadoro mgbalị ndị mmanye iwu megide ịtụ mgbere ahịa n'afọ 2009, ọ bụ ezie na ọ gbara naanị ọkara nke ndị na-azụ ahịa ikpe dị ka ọ mere n'afọ gara aga. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eji iwu ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ya na-ekpe ikpe ma na-ekpe ikpe maka mmekọahụ na ịzụ ahịa ọrụ mmanye n'oge akụkọ. Croatia machibidoro ịzụ ahịa maka ọrụ mmanye na mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa site na Criminal Provision 175 nke iwu ntaramahụhụ ya. Ndokwa 175 na-enye ntaramahụhụ maka ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa nke otu afọ ruo afọ iri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ; ntaramahụhụ ndị a siri ike ma kwekọọ na ndị e nyere maka ndina n'ike. N'afọ 2009, gọọmentị nyochara mmadụ iri na atọ a na-enyo enyo na ha na-azụ ahịa, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ iri na ise n'afọ 2008. Ọ gbara ndị na-azụ ahịa isii ikpe n'afọ 2009, mbelata site na mmadụ iri na abụọ a gbara akwụkwọ n'afọ 2008. A mara ndị omekome isii ikpe ma nye ha ikpe sitere na afọ abụọ ruo afọ asatọ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikpe itoolu e nwetara n'afọ 2008; Otú ọ dị, otu ikpe pụtara na mkpesa ma na-echere ikpe ikpeazụ. Abụọ n'ime ikpe ndị a gụnyere ọrụ mmanye. Gọọmentị mụbara ikpe kacha nta ọ tụrụ maka ikpe niile maka ịzụ ahịa site na otu afọ ruo afọ abụọ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. N'okwu ikpe mbụ nke ịzụ ahịa obodo, ụlọ ikpe nyere onye na-azụ ahịa iwu ka ọ kwụọ $ 28,466 dị ka ụgwọ maka onye ahụ. Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-enye ndị uwe ojii ọzụzụ n'ozuzu megide ịzụ ahịa, ma gaa n'ihu na mmemme ya nke gụnyere ndị uwe ojii iri abụọ na isii na-azụ ndị ọrụ ibe ha ụzọ isi mata ma nyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka. Enweghị akụkọ a kapịrị ọnụ banyere mmekọ metụtara ịzụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ.<ref name="dos">"Croatia". [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}</ref> == Nchedo == Gọọmentị kwadoro mgbalị dị ukwuu iji hụ na ndị a na-azụ ahịa nwetara nlekọta dị mkpa. Ọ gara n'ihu na-akwado NGO yana ebe obibi ya abụọ pụrụ iche maka ụmụ nwanyị toro eto na ụmụaka na-azụ ahịa, nke ruru $ 96,461 n'afọ 2009. O nyekwara ndị NGO $ 45,937 iji kwado ma nyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka. Mmadụ anọ e gburu jiri ụlọ mgbaba mee ihe n'afọ 2009. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-ekwusi ike na usoro a na-elekwasị anya na ndị metụtara, ọ chọpụtara naanị mmadụ asatọ metụtara n'oge akụkọ ahụ, otu karịa afọ 2008, mana ọ dị ala karịa mmadụ iri na ise a chọpụtara n'afọ 2007. Gọọmentị gbanwere Iwu ya banyere ndị mba ọzọ na Machị 2009 iji gbasaa "oge ntụgharị uche" site na ụbọchị 30 ruo 90; ụmụaka nọgidere na-eru eru maka ịnọ ụbọchị 90. Gọọmentị gbara ndị na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa ume ka ha sonye na ikpe ịzụ ahịa ma kwuo na mmadụ asatọ niile a chọpụtara nyere aka na nyocha na ikpe nke ndị na-azụ ahịa ha na 2009. Dị ka nchọpụta mbụ e wepụtara na ọrụ nyocha nke Jenụwarị 2010 banyere ịzụ ahịa na ịgba akwụna nke emere n'etiti Disemba 2008 na Nọvemba 2009, gọọmentị Croatia enyeghị nchebe zuru oke maka ụfọdụ ndị na-azụ ahịa bụ ndị gbara akaebe megide ndị na-azụ ahịa ha. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwuru na a chọrọ ka ndị e gburu gbaa akaebe ugboro ugboro n'oge ikpe ịzụ ahịa; enwere ike ịhazi akaebe nke onye ahụ site na usoro ogbako vidiyo. Gọọmentị malitere usoro enyemaka maka ndị akaebe na-ahụ maka ndị a tara ahụhụ n'ụlọ ikpe anọ n'afọ 2009 iji meziwanye nchebe maka ndị a metụtara. Ndị nyocha tụkwara aro ka gọọmentị gbasoo mbọ ike iji chọpụta nke ọma ndị niile nwere ike ịbụ ndị a manyere ịgba akwụna. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị a metụtara nwere ike ịbụ ndị akaebe na ndị a na-ebo ebubo n'okwu ụfọdụ n'ụlọ ikpe, ndị na-eme nnyocha kọrọ na gọọmentị mere mgbalị iji hụ na a naghị ata ndị a ma ama na-azụ ahịa ahụhụ maka omume iwu na-akwadoghị mere kpọmkwem n'ihi ịzụ ahịa ha. Na nzaghachi maka nchegbu na-aga n'ihu banyere ịgba akwụna na ịzụ ahịa n'oge njem nleta dị elu n'ụsọ oké osimiri Adriatic, gọọmentị kọrọ na ọ zụrụ ndị uwe ojii 250 n'obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'afọ 2009. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị uwe ojii kwuru na ha na-arụ ọrụ iri megide ịzụ ahịa n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'afọ 2009, gọọmentị amataghị ndị ọ bụla na-azụ ahịa n'ihi ọrụ ndị a. Gọọmentị nyere ndị mba ọzọ metụtara iwu ọzọ iji wepụ ha na mba ebe ha nwere ike ihu ihe isi ike ma ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ. N'ime mmadụ anọ ndị na-azụ ahịa si mba ọzọ a chọpụtara n'afọ 2009, gọọmentị kpọghachiri otu nwanyị na [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] na atọ na [[Serbia]].<ref name="dos"/> == Mgbochi == N'afọ 2009, gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na ọkwa mba na mgbalị ọzụzụ megide ịzụ ahịa iji mee ka a mara ma gbochie ịzụ ahịa. N'oge akụkọ ahụ, ọ mejuputara ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe mmụta megide ịzụ ahịa na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe maka ndị ọchịchị Croatia, gụnyere ndị ọrụ ebere, ndị ọrụ nnọchi anya na ndị nnọchi anya, ndị ọka ikpe, ndị ọkàiwu, ndị uwe ojii, na ụmụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere ndị otu na-agagharị agagharị na-ahụ maka inyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, ọ haziri nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe maka ndị isi na ụlọ ọrụ nlegharị anya banyere ụzọ isi chọpụta ndị a na-azụ ahịa. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eduzi ọzụzụ megide ịzụ ahịa maka ndị agha Croatia tupu e zigara ha Afghanistan dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka udo na mba ụwa.<ref name="dos"/> == Leekwa == * Ihe ruuru mmadụ na Croatia * Ịgba akwụna na Croatia * Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Europe == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hflp7an96ry93qj32k16efscgnvkj1h 0 12924 727776 174401 2026-09-25T01:25:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Egypt|Ijipt]] bụ isi iyi, njem, na mba na-aga maka ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka ndị a na-azụ ahịa mmadụ, ọkachasị ọrụ mmanye na ịgba akwụna mmanye. Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nlekota na ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ nke United States tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2" n'afọ 2017 nke pụtara na gọọmentị ya anaghị emezu ụkpụrụ kacha nta akọwapụtara na Iwu Nchedo Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ịzụ ahịa na Ime Ihe Ike nke 2000 (TVPA), mana ọ na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu iji mezuo ụkpụrụ ndị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref><ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/258876.pdf ''Trafficking in Persons Report''], pp. 39, 162 (U.S. State Department, June 2016).</ref> == Ndabere == A na-erigbu ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụaka ndị Ijipt na-eme atụmatụ na narị puku abụọ ruo otu nde n'okporo ámá - ma ụmụnwoke ma ụmụnwanyị - na ịgba akwụna na ịrịọ arịrịọ mmanye. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị otu obodo na-etinye aka na mmegbu a. A na-ewe ụmụaka ndị Ijipt maka ọrụ ụlọ na ọrụ ugbo; ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụaka ndị a na-eche ọnọdụ ndị na-egosi ịgba ohu na-enweghị isi, dị ka mmachi na njem, akwụghị ụgwọ ọrụ, iyi egwu, na mmetọ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ.<ref name="dos"/> Na mgbakwunye, a kọrọ na ụmụnwoke bara ọgaranya sitere na mpaghara Persian Gulf na-aga Ijipt ịzụta "alụmdi na nwunye nwa oge" ma ọ bụ "alụmdi na nwunye oge okpomọkụ" na ụmụnwanyị Ijipt, gụnyere ụmụ agbọghọ na-erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ. Ndị nne na nna ụmụnwanyị na ndị na-ahụ maka alụmdi na nwunye na-emekarị ndokwa ndị a ma bụrụ ụdị mmegbu mmekọahụ nke ụmụaka. Njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka na-eme na Cairo, Alexandria, na Luxor. Ijipt bụ mba njem maka ụmụnwanyị si Uzbekistan, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe gaa Israel maka mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa. Ndị otu ndị omempụ haziri ahazi na-etinye aka na mmegharị ndị a.<ref name="dos"/> Ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị si n'ebe ndịda na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ mmanye n'Ijipt. Ndị Etiopia, ndị Eritrea, ndị Sudan, ndị Indonesia, ndị Filipino, na ụmụnwanyị Sri Lanka nwere ike ịkwaga Ijipt n'afọ ofufo mana enwere ike ịmanye ha ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ. Ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ha na-eche ihu gụnyere enweghị oge ezumike, mmetọ mmekọahụ, mmetọ anụ ahụ, na nke mmetụta uche, igbochi ụgwọ ọrụ, na mgbochi ije. Ndị ọrụ nwere ike iji ọnọdụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ na enweghị nkwekọrịta ọrụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ mmanye.<ref name="dos"/> Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị mbịarambịa na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-agba akwụna nwere ike ịbụ ndị a manyere ha ime nke ahụ. Ụmụagbọghọ Sudan gbara ọsọ ndụ, gụnyere ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ, nwere ike ịmanye ha ịgba akwụna na ụlọ oriri na nkwari abalị nke Cairo site n'aka ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị òtù ndị otu Sudan. Akụkọ NGO na mgbasa ozi na-egosi na a manyere ụfọdụ ndị Ijipt ịrụ ọrụ na Jọdan ma nwee nsogbu nke paspọtụ, ịmanye oge ọrụ, akwụghị ụgwọ ọrụ, na mgbochi ije.<ref name="dos"/> N'afọ 2010, gọọmentị Ijipt kwadoro iwu ọhụrụ nke na-eme ka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ maka ọrụ na mmegbu mmekọahụ. N'afọ 2009/2010, gọọmentị mere ikpe abụọ mbụ ya n'okpuru mgbanwe 2008 megide ịzụ ahịa na Iwu Ụmụaka ma mee ka a mara banyere "alụmdi na nwunye n'oge okpomọkụ", nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji mee ka mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa dị mfe. Dị ka gọọmentị nke mba United States si kwuo, enweghị usoro njirimara nke gọọmentị Ijipt na ọrụ nchebe nyere ohere ka a taa ndị a na-amaghị ama nke ịzụ ahịa ahụhụ maka omume iwu na-akwadoghị mere kpọmkwem n'ihi ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="dos">"Egypt". [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}</ref> == Alụmdi na nwunye oge ma ọ bụ nwa oge == E nwere ihe na-eme n'Ijipt nke a maara dị ka alụmdi na nwunye 'oge' ma ọ bụ 'oge'. Nke a bụ mgbe ụmụagbọghọ na ụmụagbọghọ karịsịa ndị sitere na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye na-alụ ụmụnwoke si mba Arab nke Persian Gulf iji nye ụmụnwoke na-abụghị ndị Ijipt ọrụ mmekọahụ.<ref name="npr.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/02/01/463708687/does-egypts-law-protect-short-term-brides-or-formalize-trafficking|title=Does Egypt's Law Protect 'Short-Term Brides' Or Formalize Trafficking?}}</ref> Dabere na nyocha nke National Council for Childhood and Motherhood (NCCM) mere, 67% nke ezinụlọ 2,000 ahọpụtara site na ihe atụ na Al Hawamdia, Al Badrashein na Abu Almonros maara onwe ha banyere alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka. Nnyocha ahụ gosikwara na ebumnuche nke alụmdi na nwunye ndị a bụ akụ na ụba.<ref>Ezeilo , J. N. (2011, April 15). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220425073843/https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/129/17/PDF/G1112917.pdf?OpenElement "Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, espeically women and children"]</ref> N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ụmụagbọghọ Ijipt nwere ike ịlaghachi n'obodo di ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eje ozi. Ụmụagbọghọ ndị na-anọ n'Ijipt na-ezerekarị ọha mmadụ ma na-agbasi mbọ ike ịlụ di ọzọ n'ụzọ orthodox karịsịa n'ọnọdụ ebe ụmụnwanyị mụrụ nwa na di.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Egypt.htm|title=Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery - Egypt|work=gvnet.com}}</ref> Egypt: Iwu No. 103 nke 1976 nke a makwaara dị ka iwu alụmdi na nwunye njem nleta ọhụrụ iji gbochie ma chebe ụmụagbọghọ na-eto eto site na alụmdi na nwunye oge / nwa oge. Iwu ahụ chọrọ akwụkwọ nke nkwekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye, na-achọ ka nwoke si mba ọzọ gosipụta asambodo site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya nke mba ya na-ekwu na ọ dịghị ihe mgbochi ọ bụla maka alụmdi na nwunye ahụ, a na-etinyekwa ego n'aha nwa agbọghọ ahụ, dị ka nchekwa maka ya mgbe ụmụnwanyị ahụ dị afọ iri abụọ na ise ma ọ bụ karịa ya. E bulitekwara afọ kacha nta maka alụmdi na nwunye ruo afọ iri na asatọ. Onye na-ahụ maka akụkọ pụrụ iche bụ Joy Ngozi Ezeilo na-ekwu na n'omume, iwu a adịghị arụ ọrụ dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-enweghị isi nke alụmdi na nwunye oge / nwa oge n'etiti ụmụnwanyị Ijipt na ụmụnwoke na-abụghị ndị Ijipt na-aga n'ihu.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/129/17/PDF/G1112917.pdf?OpenElement|title=ODS HOME PAGE|first=ODS|author=Team|work=documents-dds-ny.un.org|accessdate=2022-04-25|archivedate=2022-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425073843/https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/129/17/PDF/G1112917.pdf?OpenElement}}</ref> == Usoro ụlọ ọrụ == Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mba na-eduzi mgbalị niile megide ịzụ ahịa na ọkwa mba. Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Nhazi Mba bụ onye ndụmọdụ nke Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi na-eduzi ya ma nwee ndị nnọchi anya dị mkpa nke mịnịstrị, dịka Mịnịsta nke ime obodo, Mịnịsta nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi, Mịnịstrị nke Ndị Ọrụ na Mbugharị, Mịnịstrị nke Ịdị n'Otu na eze na Mịnịstrị nke Nlegharị Anya.<ref name="nccpim.gov.eg">{{Cite web|url=http://nccpim.gov.eg/faqs/will-new-law-simply-lead-less-illegal-migration/|title=Will the new law simply lead to less illegal migration? -|work=nccpim.gov.eg|accessdate=2022-04-25|archivedate=2017-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015100602/http://nccpim.gov.eg/faqs/will-new-law-simply-lead-less-illegal-migration/}}</ref> Kọmitii ahụ na-edepụta iwu na atụmatụ ịlụso ndị na-azụ ahịa ọgụ n'Ijipt, site n'ịlụso ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị ọgụ na ịchọpụta ọrụ ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref name="nccpim.gov.eg" /> Enwekwara iwu iji lụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ ma chebe ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị site na ibelata nhụjuanya ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unescwa.org/oes-speeches/regional-consultation-international-migration-arab-region-preparation-global-compact|title=Regional Consultation on International Migration in the Arab Region In Preparation for the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration|work=United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia|accessdate=2022-04-25|archivedate=2021-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426155545/https://www.unescwa.org/oes-speeches/regional-consultation-international-migration-arab-region-preparation-global-compact}}</ref> E guzobere National Council of Women (NCW), n'afọ 2000 iji nyochaa ihe ndị ha rụzuru na iji wusie ọrụ ụmụnwanyị ike na ọha mmadụ. N'afọ 2007, onye isi ala malitere kọmitii nhazi iji lụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ, ya bụ ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka. Kọmitii a na-ezube inyocha iwu na atumatu ndị e mere iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="auto1">Arab Republic of Egypt The National Council for Women (pp. 1-69 at 7, Rep.). (n.d.). The National Council of Women</ref> NCW mezukwara nkwekọrịta maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè ọ bụla megide ụmụnwanyị (CEDAW) Nke a bụ ngalaba ọkachamara nke na-alụ ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa ma na-eme ọmụmụ na akụkọ banyere ịzụ ahịa ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="auto1">Arab Republic of Egypt The National Council for Women (pp. 1-69 at 7, Rep.). (n.d.). The National Council of Women</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2009, NCW nyere akụkọ banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụnwanyị n'Ijipt, nke ghọtara alụmdi na nwunye "oge" ma ọ bụ "oge" dị ka ụdị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ma nye aro ka ndị na-eme mkpebi kpebie ma a ga-ewere ya dị ka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. N'afọ 2016, Gọọmentị mejuputara atụmatụ 2016–2021 iji lụso ma gbochie ịzụ ahịa. Onye isi ala kwadoro nke a mana enwere obere ụzọ na ego e kenyere maka mmejuputa ya. N'afọ 2016, kọmitii na-emegide ịzụ ahịa na kọmitii mba jikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie mbugharị iwu na-akwadoghị, gọọmentị malitekwara mkpọsa 90 megide ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Trafficking in persons Report">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170703181231/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271181.htm Trafficking in persons Report] (U.S State Department, 2017)</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2016, gọọmentị mere nzukọ banyere mbugharị, mbubata, na nsogbu ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na-emetụta Africa na Europe. Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka ndị ọrụ na-eme nyocha n'ụzọ ijuanya karịsịa n'ebe ọrụ maka ndị ọrụ si mba ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na mịnịstrị ahụ ekwughị akụkọ banyere ndị nwere ike ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Trafficking in persons Report" /> == Mkpesa == Ndị omeiwu nke Ijipt emeela iwu na-eme ka ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ bụrụ mpụ ma na-enye ntaramahụhụ site na mkpọrọ afọ atọ ruo afọ iri na ise - na ruo mkpọrọ ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ na-eme ka njọ dị - na ụgwọ sitere na $ 9,000 ruo $ 36,000 maka mmejọ. Ndezigharị nke Iwu Ụmụaka (No. 126 nke 2008) gụnyere ndokwa machibidoro ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka maka mmegbu mmekọahụ na ọrụ mmanye. Ndezigharị ndị a na-enye ikpe nke ọ dịkarịa ala afọ ise mkpọrọ.<ref name="dos"/> == Nchedo == Dị ka gọọmentị nke mba United States si kwuo, ndị isi Ijipt ejighị usoro iwu iji chọpụta ndị a na-azụ ahịa ma nyefee ha n'aka ndị na-enye nlekọta; n'ihi ya, a na-azụ ahịa, gụnyere ọtụtụ ụmụaka n'okporo ámá na ụmụnwanyị e jidere maka ịgba akwụna, a na-emeso ha dị ka ndị omempụ kama ịbụ ndị a na-ahụ maka ya. Enwere ike iziga ụfọdụ ụmụaka n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụaka, nke nọ n'ọnọdụ ọjọọ. Ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ndị okenye, n'agbanyeghị Iwu Ụmụaka nke machibidoro omume a.<ref name="dos"/> Ndị ọrụ nchekwa ókèala na Saịnaị gara n'ihu na-agba mbọ igbochi ihe osise na-enweghị akwụkwọ, na-egbu ụfọdụ n'ime ha mgbe ụfọdụ, ebe ha na-egosighi ihe akaebe nke mgbalị iji chọpụta ndị nwere ike ịzụ ahịa n'etiti ndị a na-adịghị ike. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2009, Ministry of Social Solidarity na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ iri na itoolu maka ụmụaka n'okporo ámá, ụmụnwanyị, na ndị nwere nkwarụ nke nwere ike inye ndị na-azụ ahịa nlekọta.<ref name="dos"/> NCCM na-arụ ọrụ elekere iri abụọ na anọ iji zaghachi mkpesa nke mmetọ ụmụaka. E nyeghị nlekọta pụrụ iche maka ndị okenye ma ọ bụ ndị mba ọzọ na 2009. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ mkpọrọ, ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu nwere ike imegbu ndị a site n'okwu ọnụ, mmetọ ahụ, na mmetọ mmekọahụ. A naghị enye ndị mba ọzọ metụtara iwu ọzọ iji wepụ ha na mba ndị ha nwere ike ihu ihe isi ike ma ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ. Gọọmentị anaghị agba ndị a metụtara ume ka ha nyere aka na nyocha megide ndị na-azụ ahịa ha.<ref name="dos"/> == Mgbochi == Gọọmentị nwere ọganihu n'igbochi "alụmdi na nwunye n'oge okpomọkụ" n'oge akụkọ ahụ, mana ha emeghị mgbalị iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Iwu ọhụrụ ahụ nyere gọọmentị iwu ka ha mepụta kọmitii dị n'etiti ndị ozi iji hazie ọrụ ndị mmanye megide ịzụ ahịa, nchedo ndị metụtara, na mmemme. Gọọmentị amaliteghị mgbasa ozi ọhaneze ọ bụla ọzọ iji mee ka a mara banyere ịzụ ahịa, gụnyere nke ọ bụla gbasara ịgba ohu n'ụlọ.<ref name="dos"/> Gọọmentị emeghị mgbalị ọ bụla iji belata ọchịchọ maka omume mmekọahụ azụmahịa ma ọ bụ iji mee ka a mara njem mmekọahụ. Gọọmentị nwere ndebanye aha ọmụmụ nke ọma na usoro kaadị njirimara mba. Enweghị akụkọ banyere mbọ gọọmentị Ijipt na-agba iji nye ndị agha ya ọzụzụ megide ịzụ ahịa tupu ha eziga ha na ọrụ udo mba ụwa.<ref name="dos"/> == Leekwa == * Mpụ na Egypt * Ihe ruuru mmadụ na Egypt == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210426155545/https://www.unescwa.org/oes-speeches/regional-consultation-international-migration-arab-region-preparation-global-compact Lebanon, B. (2017, September). Nkwurịta okwu mpaghara na mbugharị mba ụwa na mpaghara Arab Na nkwadebe maka nkwekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mbugharị dị nchebe, n'usoro na mgbe niile. Retrieved on October 13, 2017] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070044/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/scandal-of-summer-brides-7944467.html Veselinovic, M (14 Julaị 2012) Scandal of 'summer brides'] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171028201212/http://dar.aucegypt.edu/bitstream/handle/10526/4765/CMRS%20Final%20Thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Nourhan Adel Aziz (April 2016) The Governance of Human Trafficking in Egypt: The Legal, Policy, and Institutional Frameworks (Masters thesis, The American University in Cairo)] * [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/human-trafficking/egypt.php George Sedek (February 2016) Ọzụzụ metụtara ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ: Egypt] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tpg8teojigpyypmfihd35e6no5vii0z 0 13059 727696 721228 2026-09-24T18:38:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ezinụlọ nwere Mkpa Nna''' ('''FNF'''), nke a chọpụtara n'afọ 1974, bụ ụlọ ọrụ ebere na-elekọta mmadụ n'ime United Kingdom nke na-enye ozi, ndụmọdụ, na nkwado nye ndị nne na nna ndị mmekọrịta ụmụ ha na ha nọ n'ihe egwu n'oge ma ọ bụ mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ nkewa gasịrị, ma ọ bụ ndị kewapụrụ ma ọ bụ kewapụrụ ụmụ ha. FNF na-akwadokwa maka ịkekọrịta nne na nna, oge ka ukwuu maka ụmụaka na nne ma ọ bụ nna ha na-abụghị onye nlekọta, na omume ụlọ ikpe siri ike mgbe nne ma ọ bụ nna na-elekọta ya na-emegide iwu ụlọ ikpe na-achọ ka ha kwe ka ụmụ ha nwee mmekọrịta na nne ma ọ bụ nna nke ọzọ. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke nzukọ ahụ bụ na ụmụaka amuru site na ịgba alụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ nkewa ekwesịghị ịkwụsị ịhụnanya na nlekọta nke otu n'ime nne na nna ha.<ref>Families Need Fathers, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220429083941/https://fnf.org.uk/about-us-2/about-fnf About Us]</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/CharityWithPartB.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=276899&SubsidiaryNumber=0|publisher=Charity Commission|title=Families Need Fathers Limited|date=31 January 2012}}</ref> == Ozi == N'ime United Kingdom, ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụmụaka sitere na nne na nna kewara ekewa enweghị mmekọrịta na nna ha, nzukọ ahụ banyere na-echegbu onwe ya banyere ịnọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta nwatakịrị na nne na nna ya n'oge na mgbe ezinụlọ dara.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/relationships/divorce/6575997/Third-of-family-break-up-children-lose-contact-with-fathers-in-failing-court-system-poll.html|work=The Telegraph|title=Third of family break-up children lose contact with fathers in ‘failing’ court system, poll|date=16 November 2009|first=John|author=Bingham|archive-date=11 September 2012|access-date=29 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911104934/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/relationships/divorce/6575997/Third-of-family-break-up-children-lose-contact-with-fathers-in-failing-court-system-poll.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ na nhazi == E hiwere Ndị Nna Mkpa Ezinụlọ na Mee 1974 site n'aka onye na-agwọ ọrịa uche ụmụaka Alick Elithorn na onye ndụmọdụ ego Keith Parkin dị ka nzukọ iji mee mkpọsa maka oge nne na nna nhata mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm gasịrị, na maka mmụba mmekọrịta n'etiti nwatakịrị na nne na nna ya na-abụghị onye nlekọta. Òtù ahụ ghọrọ ọrụ ebere e debara aha n'afọ 1979, ma nwee ike ị nweta ndị ọrụ n'ime afọ 1992. Ka nzukọ ahụ na-eto ma malite ịnata ego gọọmentị, ụfọdụ ndị otu hapụrụ na 1990s ma guzobe ọtụtụ òtù ọhụrụ dịka Parents Forever Scotland, Association of Shared Parenting, Dads After Divorce, na Fathers4Justice . N'afọ 1994, FNF, Dads After Divorce na Parents Forever Scotland guzobere Cheltenham Group iji gbalịa ịmepụta njikọ nke òtù ndị nne na nna.<ref name="Logue">{{Cite news|url=http://www.familylaw.co.uk/articles/interview-with-jon-davies-outgoing-ceo-of-families-need-fathers-8652#articles|publisher=familylaw.co.uk|title=Interview with Jon Davies, outgoing CEO of Families Need Fathers|date=30 July 2010|first=Hugh|author=Logue}}</ref><ref>Keith Parkin, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220429084214/https://fnf.org.uk/about-us-2/history/the-first-article Fathers need their families], The Guardian, June 12, 1974.</ref><ref>ExInjuria - Moving beyond injustice, [https://exinjuria.wordpress.com/2014/02/09/an-exercise-in-absolute-futility-chapter-twenty-three/ An Exercise in Absolute Futility], February 9, 2014.</ref><ref name="Worrall">Barry Worrall, [http://www.c-g.org.uk/publics/wa/download-issue/WAbyBPW-e2-6.pdf Without authority], The Cheltenham Group, 2004.</ref> N'ime afọ 2008, FNF rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru ndò nke "Both Parents Matter" ma tinye eriri a na akara ọrụ ebere ahụ n'afọ 2013 iji kọwaa n'ụzọ doro anya mmesi ike ọrụ ebere ahụ na mkpa nne na nna abụọ dị na ndụ nwatakịrị. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2010, nzukọ ahụ nwere alaka iri ise na otu na United Kingdom na netwọk nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo narị atọ.<ref name="Logue" /> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ gara n'ihu na-akwado maka ịkekọrịta nne na nna na ndị mgbasa ozi, Ụlọ nke Commons na ụlọ ọrụ ikpe ziri ezi nke ezinụlọ, ebe ọ na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ ya dị ka nzukọ nlekọta ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jun/13/fathers-rights-overlooked-law-welcome|work=The Guardian|title=Fathers finally get equal access rights&nbsp;...|date=13 June 2012|first=Jack|author=O'Sullivan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.familylawweek.co.uk/site.aspx?i=ed89133|work=Family Law Week|title=Professional groups welcome the key proposals of the Family Justice Review|date=13 June 2012|archive-date=5 February 2023|access-date=29 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205043438/https://www.familylawweek.co.uk/site.aspx?i=ed89133|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/real-life/2011/03/22/dads-made-to-feel-part-of-the-family-91466-28377803/#ixzz25HRLr000|work=South Wales Echo|title=Dads made to feel part of the family|date=14 June 2011|first=Cathy|author=Owen}}</ref> Jon Davies bụ onye isi ọrụ site n'afo 2006 ruo afọ 2010. Onye isi oche ugbu a bụ Jerry Karlin, na Michael Lewkowicz bụ odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ.<ref name="Logue" /><ref>Families Need Fathers, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220104002816/https://fnf.org.uk/about-us-2/staff-trustees-volunteers/national-council National Council]</ref> == Ọrụ nkwado nne na nna == N'ime afọ 2016, Ezinụlọ Mkpa Nna natara ihe dị ka oku puku iri abụọ na ise na Helpline ya, ihe dị ka ndị ọbịa puku ise na nzukọ obodo, ọnụ ọgụgụ yiri nke posts na Forum ya n'ịntanetị, na nlele peeji otu narị na iri asatọ na ise pụrụ iche na weebụsaịtị ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fnf.org.uk/component/phocadownload/file/217-fnf-accounts-and-annual-report-2015-16|title=Families Need Fathers - Families Need Fathers - FNF Accounts and Annual Report 2015-16|work=fnf.org.uk|language=en-gb|accessdate=2017-10-26|archivedate=2017-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027024814/https://fnf.org.uk/component/phocadownload/file/217-fnf-accounts-and-annual-report-2015-16}}</ref> == Nkatọ == N'ime afọ 1994, onye omeiwu Labour Party bụ Glenda Jackson kwuru na Families Need Fathers dụrụ ndị nna ọdụ ka ha tọọrọ ụmụ ha ma ọ bụrụ na a naghị ekwe ka ha nweta ha, ma ọ bụrụ na nke ahụ arụghị ọrụ, igbu nne.<ref>House of Commons, [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199394/cmhansrd/1994-07-04/Debate-6.html Parliamentary Business], July 4, 1994, 7:50pm.</ref> N'akwụkwọ ozi sochirinụ banyere nkwupụta ozi nke òtù ahụ, ọ kwughachiri nkwupụta ịtọrọ mmadụ ma chọpụta na nkwupụta ozi ahụ bụ mwakpo megide ụmụ nwanyị kama ịbụ arụmụka maka idebe ụmụaka na ndị nne na nna na kọntaktị.<ref name="Worrall"/> N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, onye omeiwu ahụ enyeghị isi iyi maka ebubo ịtọrọ mmadụ. N'afọ 2007, onye nta akụkọ Jenni Murray rụrụ ụka na na ntọala ya, FNF were onwe ya tinye n'èzí nke nkwanye ùgwù dịka e kwuru na ha na-akwado ịtọrọ ụmụaka ndị e nyere nne ha ikike ilekọta ha. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'afọ 2017, Legal Action for Women mere ngagharị iwe na nzukọ FNF. Ha hotara okwu ntọrọ Jackson n'afọ 1994 na nzuko omeiwu ma mee mkpesa na nzukọ ahụ na-awakpo ''ụmụ nwanyị'' mgbe niile nakwa na ha na-agọnahụ ịdị adị nke ime ihe ike n'ụlọ.<ref>Legal Action for Women, [http://legalactionforwomen.net/2017/10/24/678/ 24 October 2017.]</ref> == Leekwa == * Ịkekọrịta nne na nna * Nkewa nke nne na nna * Ebe obibi na England * Mmegharị ikike ndị nna na UK * Iwu ezinụlọ Bekee * Ụlọ ikpe ezinụlọ == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.fnf.org.uk/ Ezinụlọ Chọrọ Nna] Homepage * [http://www.fnf-bpm.org.uk FNFBPM Cymru] Homepage hb0xna9ilcz1y872dt3ud5b2vfo667n 0 13061 727778 193265 2026-09-25T01:31:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ịtụ Mgbere ahịa mmadụ''' na mba Nepal bụ ụlọ ọrụ mpụ na-eto eto na-emetụta ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ karịa '''Nepal''', ọkachasị gafee [[Asia|Eshia]] na Middle East.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Human Trafficking: a Global Perspective}}</ref> Nepal bụ mba isi iyi maka ụmụnwoke, ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka a na-amanye ịrụ ọrụ na ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ.<ref name="TIP"/> Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2" n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> == Ntụle nke ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ == Ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị omempụ na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ụwa, nke abụọ na ịtụ mgbere ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ ma jikọta ya na ịzụ ahịa ngwá agha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://childrenatrisk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/82nd-HT-Legislative-Summary.pdf|title=Human Trafficking|accessdate=2022-04-29|archivedate=2016-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528071952/http://childrenatrisk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/82nd-HT-Legislative-Summary.pdf}}</ref> Dị ka United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime si kwuo, ịzụ ahịa mmadụ bụ inweta ndị mmadụ site n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị dịka aghụghọ, ike, ma ọ bụ aghụghọ, na ebumnuche nke iji ha mee ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/|title=UNODC - Human Trafficking|author=nancy.cao|work=www.unodc.org|accessdate=2016-02-24}}</ref> A na-emetụta mba niile dị ka isi iyi ma ọ bụ mba na-aga ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ha abụọ, ọ bụ ezie na mba ndị na-emepe emepe na-abụkarị mba ndị mepere emepe.<ref name="UNODC">UNODC (2012). Human Trafficking FAQs. Retrieved March 26, 2012, from http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/faqs.html</ref> Dị ka atụmatụ nchekwa nke International Labour Organization si kwuo, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 2.4 - ọtụtụ ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ - nọ ugbu a n'ọrụ mmanye n'ihi ịzụ ahịa, na-emepụta ụlọ ọrụ ijeri US $ 32 n'ụwa niile. Kwa afọ, a na-azụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 600,000-800,000 gafee ókèala mba gburugburu ụwa, pasent 80 n'ime ha bụ ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/245365.pdf|title=Trafficking in Persons Report}}</ref> Ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 1.2 na-azụ ahịa bụ ụmụaka: ihe dị ka 43% bụ ndị a na-azụ ahịa maka mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa ebe 32% bụ maka ịgba ohu na-enweghị isi, na 25% maka ngwakọta nke ha abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm|title=International Labour Organization|work=www.ilo.org|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-21}}</ref> A na-atụ mgbere ahịa ndị mba Nepali n'ime Nepal, Middle East, na ọbụna [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] tinyere ebe ndị ọzọ dị ka [[Malaysia]] ma manyere ha ịghọ ndị akwụna, ndị ọrụ ụlọ, ndị arịrịọ, ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ndị ọrụ ogbunigwe, ndị na-eme egwuregwu, ụmụaka ndị agha, na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="TIP"/><ref name="UNODC" /><ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Enwere ike ịkọwa usoro ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ site na ụdị abụọ: "siri ike" na "dị nro".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilo.int/legacy/english/regions/asro/newdelhi/ipec/download/resources/nepal/nppubl01eng9.pdf|title=Nepal Trafficking in Girls with Special Reference to Prostitution: A Rapid Assessment|accessdate=2022-04-29|archivedate=2015-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824031239/http://www.ilo.int/legacy/english/regions/asro/newdelhi/ipec/download/resources/nepal/nppubl01eng9.pdf}}</ref> Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ịzụ ahịa siri ike na nke dị nro metụtara mmanye ma ọ bụ itinye aka nke ndị òtù ezinụlọ na ntinye mmadụ n'ịgba akwụna mmanye.<ref name=":3" /> A na-azụ ahịa siri ike site na nkwa ụgha na mmanye.<ref name=":3" /> Ọ na-agbasa site na mpaghara gaa na mpaghara, ma gbanwee nke ukwuu site na ime obodo gaa n'obodo ukwu.<ref name=":3" /> Na ịzụ ahịa dị nro, ndị òtù ezinụlọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ karịa "onye na-ere ahịa", gụnyere onye na-ebugharị na onye na-atụ mgbere ahịa.<ref name=":3" /> == Ebe a na-aga == === N'ime Nepal === [[Usòrò:Nepal_map.png|thumb|205x205px|Map nke Nepal]] A na-akpọkarị ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa gaa ebe dị n'ime Nepal, ọtụtụ mgbe site n'ime ime obodo gaa n'obodo ukwu. A na-azụ ụmụagbọghọ na ụmụnwanyị na-eto eto maka mmegbu mmekọahụ n'ebe ndị dị ka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ / ịgba egwu, ụlọ ịhịa aka n'ahụ, na ebe ndị ọzọ n'ime ngalaba njem.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Otú ọ dị, oghere ndị a na-enwekwa ọtụtụ ụmụnwanyị ndị banyere ọrụ mmekọahụ n'afọ ofufo, na ndị nwere ike ịbanye n'afọ ofufo mana emesịghị kweghị hapụ ma mechaa nọrọ n'ọnọdụ dị ka ohu.<ref name="Deane"/> N'ime Nepal, ịtụ mgbere ahịa ndị ọrụ bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị: ndị a na-ahụ maka ya na-ejedebe na ụlọ ọrụ kapet na uwe, na-arụ ọrụ na-akpụ akpụ, brik-kilns, na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="TIP">US State Department (2011). [https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2011/164233.htm Trafficking in Persons Report 2011 Country Narratives -- Countries N Through Z]. Retrieved March 5, 2012</ref> === Ịgafe ókèala India === [[Usòrò:India_Nepal_Locator.png|thumb|Ókè Nepal na India bụ otu n'ime ebe kachasị arụ ọrụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.]] Ịtụ mgbere ahịa ụmụagbọghọ si mba Nepal banye India maka ịgba akwụna mmanye bụ ma eleghị anya otu n'ime ụzọ ịzụ ahịa ohu kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa, na-eme atụmatụ na ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ Nepali 5,000-10,000 na-azụ ahịa na India kwa afọ.<ref name="Koirala">Koirala A, Banskota HK, Khadka BR: Cross border interception – A strategy of prevention of trafficking women from Nepal. Int Conf AIDS :15. 2004, Jul 11–16</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thapa|first=G|year=1997|title=Women trafficking: better policing measures needed, the Rising Nepal, 15 July, Gorkhapatra Corporation Publication, Nepal. In Girl-trafficking, HIV/AIDS, and the position of women in Nepal, 2000|journal=Gender and Development|volume=8|issue=2|pages=74–79}}</ref> E mere atụmatụ na 100,000-200,000 ndị Nepali na-azụ ahịa nọ na India.<ref name="Muk">Mukherji KK, Muherjee S. (2007): Girls and women in prostitution in India Department of Women and Child Development, New Delhi, India.</ref> Ụmụagbọghọ Nepali na-achọsi ike karịsịa dị ka ndị akwụna na India n'ihi na a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị mara mma n'ihi ụcha akpụkpọ ahụ ha na-egbuke egbuke, nakwa n'ihi na a kwenyere na ụmụagbọghọ mba Nepali nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa AIDS.<ref name="Jones"/> A na-azụkwa ndị a na-emegbu maka ọrụ na sekit, ọrụ ugbo, na ngalaba mmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref name="TIP"/> Kilomita 1850 nke ókèala mepere emepe n'etiti Nepal na India na-eme ka ịtụ mgbere ahịa dị mfe ma sie ike ijide.<ref name="Deane"/> Na mgbakwunye, enweghị njikwa mbata maka ndị Nepal na-akwaga India ma ọ bụ ndị India na-abịa na Nepal n'okpuru nkwekọrịta udo na ọbụbụenyi nke afọ 1950 n'etiti mba India nakwa mba Nepal.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref><ref name="Muk" /> Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ ebe a na-aga, India bụkwa mba njem maka ụmụnwanyị Nepalese na Bangladeshi na-azụ ahịa na Pakistan, Western Asia, na Middle East na maka ụmụnwanyị na-atụ mgbere ahịa site na Russian Federation gaa Thailand.<ref name="Joffres"/> === Ngafe Agbatoke (ma e wezụga India) === A na-ebuga ndị a metụtara, ọkachasị ụmụagbọghọ na ụmụnwanyị, na mba Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]], Pakistan, United Arab Emirates na steeti ndị ọzọ dị na Gulf.<ref name="TIP"/><ref name="Richardson"/> Ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na China na-aghọkwa ebe na-apụta maka ndị mba Nepali metụtara.<ref name="TIP" /> Ọtụtụ ndị na-ejedebe na mba ofesi na-ebu ụzọ gafere India tupu ebe ikpeazụ ha aga.<ref name="Joffres"/> Maka ebe ndị mba ọzọ na-abụghị ndị India, a na-ahụkarị ndị a na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ, ọkachasị n'ụlọ ndị na-abụghị ụlọ akwụna. Ihe ọzọ juru ebe niile bụ mmegbu ndị ọrụ nke ndị metụtara na ngalaba na-enweghị nhazi, na-enweghị usoro na steeti Gulf, dị ka ịgba ohu n'ụlọ.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> == Ụdị ịtụ mgbere ahịa == === Ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ === Ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ bụ mgbe mmadụ na-eji mmanye, ike, ma ọ bụ aghụghọ mee ka ya na okenye nwee mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ mee ka nwatakịrị nwee mmekọahụ azụmahịa.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://sharedhope.org/the-problem/what-is-sex-trafficking/|title=What is Sex Trafficking? - Shared Hope International|work=Shared Hope International|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-03-24}}</ref> Omume mmekọahụ azụmahịa gụnyere ịgba akwụna, ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ mmekọahụ emere n'ọnọdụ ihe bara uru, dị ka ego, ebe obibi, nri, ọgwụ ọjọọ, ma ọ bụ uwe.<ref name=":4" /> Ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ jupụtara ebe niile n'ime Nepal na India, na ihe ruru ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ 5,000-10,000 na-aga [[Ndia|India]] naanị kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Poudel|first=P|year=2000|title=Girl-trafficking, HIV/AIDS, and the position of women in Nepal|journal=Gender & Development|volume=8|issue=2|pages=74–79|doi=10.1080/741923626}}</ref><ref name="Koirala">Koirala A, Banskota HK, Khadka BR: Cross border interception – A strategy of prevention of trafficking women from Nepal. Int Conf AIDS :15. 2004, Jul 11–16</ref> Ndị a na-azụ ahịa maka ọrụ mmekọahụ yikarịrị ka ha bụ ndị okenye, ndị na-agụghị akwụkwọ, ma nwee ndị ezinụlọ ole na ole nwere ike inweta ego.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=February 14, 2008|title=Mental health of female survivors of human trafficking in Nepal|journal=Social Science and Medicine|volume=66|issue=8|pages=1841–1847|doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.025|pmid=18276050|author=Tsutsumi|first=Atsuro}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ihe kpatara eji a na-atụ mgbere ahịa maka ọrụ mmekọahụ nwere ike ịgụnye ịda ogbenye na ịka nká.<ref name=":1" /> N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-erigbu ụmụnwanyị na-eto eto maka ọrụ na-abụghị mmekọahụ gụnyere ọrụ ụlọ na ọrụ aka, na ọrụ sekit.<ref name=":1" /> E nwere ihe dị ka ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọgh ọmba Nepali 150,000 ruo 200,000 ndị a na-azụ ahịa na ụlọ akwụna ndị India kwa afọ.<ref name=":2"/> A na-ere ụmụagbọghọ n'ụlọ akwụna na ọnụ ahịa sitere na 50,000 ruo 70,000 Indian rupees.<ref name=":3"/> Ka nwa agbọghọ ahụ dị obere, ka ọnụ ahịa a ga-ere ya dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://3angelsnepal.com/our-initiatives/human-trafficking/|title=Human Trafficking {{!}} 3 Angels Nepal|work=3angelsnepal.com|accessdate=2016-03-24}}</ref> Ozugbo e rere ha, ụmụagbọghọ ahụ bụ ihe onwunwe nke onye nwe ụlọ akwụna ruo mgbe ha nwere ike ịkwụghachi ego a kwụrụ maka ha.<ref name=":3" /> A pụrụ inye ụmụagbọghọ a na-azụ ahịa maka ọrụ mmekọahụ obere akụkụ nri na mgbe ụfọdụ obere ego, Otú ọ dị, ndị nwe ụlọ akwụna nwere ike iburu ihe ruru 90% ruo 95% nke ego ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ na-enweta.<ref name=":3" /> Otu nnyocha kọrọ na a manyere ụmụ agbọghọ ijere nkezi nke ndị ahịa iri na anọ ozi kwa ụbọchị, na opekata mpe mmadụ atọ na oke ụmụnwoke iri anọ.<ref name=":3" /> [[Usòrò:Tehrathum_cash_crop_cardamom.JPG|thumb|A na-ahụkarị ọrụ mmanye na Nepal na ọrụ ugbo]] Ọrụ mmanye na-ezo aka na "ọnọdụ ebe a na-amanye ndị mmadụ ịrụ ọrụ site na iji ime ihe ike ma ọ bụ iyi egwu, ma ọ bụ site n'ụzọ aghụghọ dị ka ụgwọ akwakọba, njigide akwụkwọ njirimara, ma ọ bụ iyi egwu nke ịkatọ ndị ọchịchị mbịarambịa. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/news/WCMS_237569/lang--en/index.htm|title=The meanings of Forced Labour|date=2014-03-10|work=www.ilo.org|language=en|accessdate=2016-03-24}}</ref> Ihe ndị metụtara ọrụ mmanye gụnyere aghụghọ, mmegbu na mmegbu, na-emebi Nkwupụta Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Mba Nile na Ụkpụrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ, nke a nakweere na 1998.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/pdf/Nepal_FL%20of%20Adults%20&%20Children%20in%20the%20Agriculture%20S.pdf|title=Forced Labour of Adults and Children in the Agriculture Sector of Nepal|access-date=2021-02-05|archive-date=2019-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619124145/https://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/pdf/Nepal_FL|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na mba Nepal, ịgba ohu bụ otu n'ime ụdị ọrụ mmanye kachasị ochie.<ref name=":5" /> Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ezokarị ọrụ mmanye na akụ na ụba na-akwadoghị, enweghị data zuru oke iji mepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi nke oke ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/19361/1/200.pdf|title=Trade and investment effects of forced labour: an empirical assessment}}</ref> Otu ụdị ọrụ mmanye nke jupụtara na Nepal bụ ọrụ ịgba ohu, nke a makwaara dị ka ịgba ohu ụgwọ.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour/default.aspx|title=Anti-Slavery - Bonded Labour|author=dotMailer|work=www.antislavery.org|accessdate=2016-03-24|archivedate=2017-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114154106/http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour/default.aspx}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Nepal machibidoro ọrụ ịgba ohu n'afọ 2000, ọ ka bụ ihe iseokwu na mba ahụ niile.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lerche|first=Jens|date=August 28, 2007|title=A Global Alliance against Forced Labour? Unfree Labour, Neo-Liberal Globalization and the International Labour Organization|journal=Journal of Agrarian Change|doi=10.1111/j.1471-0366.2007.00152.x|volume=7|issue=4|pages=425–452}}</ref> A na-ahazi ọrụ ịgba ohu iji na-erigbu ndị ọrụ, ma na-eme mgbe ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-enye onwe ha n'ohu dị ka ụzọ isi kwụọ ụgwọ maka mgbazinye ego.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/bonded-labor|title=Bonded Labor {{!}} Debt Bondage or Peonage - End Slavery Now|work=www.endslaverynow.org|accessdate=2016-03-24}}</ref> A na-aghọgbu onye ahụ ma ọ bụ jide ya n'ịrụ ọrụ maka obere ụgwọ ma ọ bụ enweghị ụgwọ, ebe ha na-achọpụta na ịkwụ ụgwọ ego ahụ agaghị ekwe omume.<ref name=":6" /> A naghị ekwe ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ rụọ ọrụ maka onye ọ bụla ọzọ.<ref name=":6" /> A na-eji ime ihe ike na iyi egwu eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji manye ndị ọrụ ka ha nọrọ, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-edebe ha n'okpuru nlezianya.<ref name=":6" /> Na Nepal, a na-ahụkarị ọrụ nkekọ na [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]], mana enwere ike ịchọta ya na brik kilns, ọrụ ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ mma, ụlọ ahịa tii, na obere ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.<ref name=":6" /> Ọrụ ụmụaka juputara na Nepal.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/14/world/asia/nepal-child-labor/index.html|title=No life for a child: The grim reality of Nepal's child laborers - CNN.com|work=CNN|accessdate=2016-03-24}}</ref> Mba ahụ nwere ihe dị ka nde ụmụaka 1.6 na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti afọ ise na afọ iri na asaa, ndị na-arụkarị ọrụ iji nweta ego iji nye ndị mụrụ ha.<ref name=":7" /> Ihe dị ka ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ n'ime ha dị afọ iri na anọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụmụagbọghọ.<ref name=":7" /> == Njirimara ndị e merụrụ ahụ == Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-azụ ahịa bụ ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ, bụ ndị na-adịghị ike karịsịa n'ihi oke ohere akụ na ụba, amaghị akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ agụmakwụkwọ dị ala, na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na ọdịbendị dị ala.<ref>Aengst, J. (2001). Girl Trafficking in Nepal. Human Rights Advocacy Clinic.</ref> Ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ na-enwekwa ike ịtụ mgbere ahịa ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-etinye aka na ndụ ndị a na-eleghara anya, ndị di ha ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ha gbahapụrụ, ndị a na-emegbu na ime ihe ike, na ndị si n'obodo ndị nwere nsogbu na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Ndị a na-emegbu na-abịa site na mpaghara niile nke Nepal, mana ọtụtụ ndị a na-elekwasị anya bụ ndị nọ n'ọdịnala na-enweghị ike, ndị a na-eleghara anya dị ka ndị Dalit caste (ndị a na-apụghị imetụ aka) na agbụrụ dị nta ("janajati", ụmụ amaala).<ref name="TIP"/><ref name="Subedi" /> Ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike gụnyere ndị okpukpe dị nta, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị si n'etiti na mpaghara mmepe ọdịda anyanwụ, na ndị bi na mpaghara nwere ike ịgbanwe ihu igwe na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhrcnepal.org/nhrc_new/doc/newsletter/National%20Report%20on%20Traffiking%20in%20Persons%20%20Especially%20%20on%20women%20and%20Children%20in%20Nepal%20-%202012.pdf|title=Trafficking in Persons Especially on Women and Children in Nepal|accessdate=2022-04-29|archivedate=2020-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802191055/https://www.nhrcnepal.org/nhrc_new/doc/newsletter/National%20Report%20on%20Traffiking%20in%20Persons%20%20Especially%20%20on%20women%20and%20Children%20in%20Nepal%20-%202012.pdf}}</ref> Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (2011) depụtara ndị kachasị nwee nsogbu na Nepal bụ ndị chọrọ nkwado kachasị ngwa ngwa site na ụkpụrụ atọ ndị a: 1) mmepe mmadụ (ịda ogbenye, akụ na ụba, ihe ọmụma na ahụike); 2) mwepu (mwepụ akụ na ụba, mwepu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mwepụ obodo / ọdịbendị); na 3) nchebe onye ọ bụla na-adịghị ike (nchebe anụ ahụ na nchedo iwu).<ref name=":8"/> Otú ọ dị, mmegbu na-agbasa na ndị otu bara uru na ụmụnwanyị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu.<ref name="TIP" /> The Nepal Human Development Report (2004) na-eme atụmatụ ihe dị ka 20% ndị a na-ebuga na India na mba ndị ọzọ na Eshia erubeghị afọ 16. A dọtara ọtụtụ ndị a metụtara na nkwa nke ọrụ ka mma na mpaghara ndị dị ka India, Dubai, ma ọ bụ Saudi Arabia; usoro ndị ọzọ gụnyere alụmdi na nwunye ụgha na aro, ike, na ịbịakwute ezinụlọ ji ụgwọ iji ree ụmụ ha nwanyị iji kwụọ ụgwọ ha, mgbe ụfọdụ n'okpuru nghota nke ụgwọ maka alụmdi na nwunye.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref><ref name="Simkhada">Simkhada, P. (2008). Life Histories and Survival Strategies Amongst Sexually Trafficked Girls in Nepal. Children & Society, 22(3), 235–248. doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2008.00154.x Smith, H. M., & Smith, C. A. (2008). Human Trafficking: The Unintended Effects of United Nations Intervention. Conference Papers -- Western Political Science Association, 1–41.</ref> A pụrụ ile ụmụagbọghọ anya dị ka ngwaahịa ezinụlọ nke enwere ike ịzụta ma ree dị ka ihe onwunwe.<ref name=":3"/> N'ebe ndị a na-agba ohu, a na-atụkarị ndị a na-emegbu, na-eso ha na ndị nche, na-emetọkarị n'ụzọ mmekọahụ na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Jones"/><ref name="renamed_from_2009_on_20120425204301">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/global-report-on-trafficking-in-persons.html|title=Global Report on Trafficking in Persons|work=www.unodc.org|accessdate=2019-08-21}}</ref> Ndị a tara ahụhụ na-enweta obere ụgwọ ma ọ bụ enweghị ụgwọ maka ọrụ ha, na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ dị ize ndụ ruo ogologo oge, a na-eyi ha egwu n'ụzọ anụ ahụ na n'ụzọ uche.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="renamed_from_2009_on_20120425204301" /> Ndị jidere ha na-ejidekarị ndị a na-emegbu n'ụgwọ, nke pụtara na a na-amanye ha ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ezinụlọ ha ma ọ bụ ụgwọ njem. Ndị a na-emegbu mgbe ụfọdụ na-esi n'agbụ ha pụọ site na mgbapụ, nnapụta site na mwakpo ndị uwe ojii, ma ọ bụ ntọhapụ site n'aka ndị jidere ha mgbe e weere ha dị ka ndị agadi iji baa uru.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="Simkhada" /> == Njirimara ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa == Akụkọ 2011 nke Dr. Gilly McKenzie, nke UN Organised Crime Office, na-ekwu, sị: "Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-esitekarị n'otu ebe ma ọ bụ mpaghara ebe a na-azụ ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị. Ha bụ ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị, ọtụtụ mgbe ha bụ ndị onye ahụ maara dịka ndị agbata obi, ndị ikwu, ndị enyi, na ọbụna ndị nne na nna.<ref name="Deane">{{Cite journal|author=Deane|first=T|year=2010|title=Cross-Border Trafficking in Nepal and India-Violating Women's Rights|journal=Human Rights Review|volume=11|issue=4|pages=491–513|doi=10.1007/s12142-010-0162-y}}</ref> Nnyocha na-egosi na ọ bụ netwọk nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na-eduzi ịzụ ahịa, na netwọk ahụ na-agbatị site n'obodo nta ruo ebe ọrụ ruo ebe a na-aga. Ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị isi, ndị uwe ojii, omenala, ndị na-ewe mmadụ n'ọrụ na mba ofesi, ụlọ ọrụ njem, ụlọ ọrụ nnabata wdg.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwenyere na ụzọ, usoro na ọrụ nke ịzụ ahịa na-aghọwanye nhazi. Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-enwetakarị ezigbo akwụkwọ iwu maka ndị ha na-azụ ahịa, mana ha na-egbochi ha n'aka ndị ahụ mgbe ha gafere ókèala E wezụga iji nkwa ụgha nke ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ọma, ịhụnanya ụgha, na alụmdi na nwunye, ndị na-azụ ahịa na-arụkwa ọrụ nke "ndị nlekọta" maka ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị, mgbe mgbe n'okpuru iyi nke inyere ha aka ịchọ ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ iduzi ha iru di ha ma ọ bụ ndị ikwu ha na India. "<ref name="Subedi" /><ref name="Subedi" /> Na Nepal, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị na-azụ ahịa nọ n'agbata afọ 26-35 afọ, na ihe dị ka pasent 95 nke ndị na-azụ ahịa lụrụ di.<ref name=":8"/> Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-azụ ahịa bụ naanị ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ (84%), na-enweghị agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị.<ref name=":8" /> Maka ọrụ ha, ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa na-etinye aka na ọrụ ugbo tupu mgbe ahụ, na-esote ọrụ ụgwọ.<ref name=":8" /> Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-esitekwa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-abụghị ọrụ ugbo gụnyere azụmahịa na ọrụ.<ref name=":8" /> == Ihe ize ndụ ịzụ ahịa mmadụ == === Ihe ndị metụtara akụ na ụba === Ogbenye bụ otu n'ime ihe ize ndụ kachasị njọ nke na-eme ka ndị metụtara, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ, bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike: Nepali PRSP (Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers) na-achọpụta na 38% nke ndị bi na ya bi na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru akara ịda ogbenye.<ref name="Richardson"/> Ogbenye na enweghị ohere ọrụ, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo, na-amanye ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ịkwaga n'obodo ukwu ma ọ bụ nabata ọrụ dị anya.<ref name="Joffres">{{Cite journal|author=Joffres|first=C.|year=2008|title=Sexual slavery without borders: trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation in India|journal=International Journal for Equity in Health|volume=7|pages=1–11|doi=10.1186/1475-9276-7-22|pmid=18817576}}</ref> Ntinye aka a na mbugharị ime obodo na ime obodo na-eme ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ Nepali nwee ihe ize ndụ nke ịzụ ahịa.<ref name=":3"/> Na mgbakwunye, ịrị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ kapet na Nepal dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mgbanwe mba ọzọ kachasị ukwuu mere ka a chọọ ọrụ ụmụaka dị ọnụ ala na ọrụ ohu.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Nnyocha gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ ndị ohu ma na-emetọkarị n'ụzọ mmekọahụ; ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ahụ wee bụrụ ebe njem maka ịzụ ahịa ụmụ agbọghọ na India.<ref name="Subedi" /> Ọzọkwa, ịzụ ahịa aghọwo azụmahịa dị ala ma na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ukwuu, nke na-akpali ndị na-azụ ahịa iji nweta ụmụ agbọghọ, ọbụlagodi mgbe ha bụ ndị agbata obi ma ọ bụ ndị òtù ezinụlọ.<ref name="Joffres" /> === Ihe ndị metụtara ọdịbendị === Ihe ndị mere eme na ọdịbendị na-etinye aka na ọnọdụ ịzụ ahịa ugbu a. Ụmụaka ndị sitere na ụmụ amaala, ndị obere, ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị ala bụ ndị kachasị nwee nsogbu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.childmigration.net/files/Can%20Child%20Migration%20be%20Explained.rtf|title=Can Child Migration in Nepal be Explained under the Modernization Perspective?|accessdate=2022-04-29|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304144348/http://www.childmigration.net/files/Can%20Child%20Migration%20be%20Explained.rtf}}</ref> Usoro caste Hindu enweghị caste akwụna: Otú ọ dị, na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nepal, ụmụ nwanyị nke Badi caste bụ ndị na-eme egwuregwu ọdịnala bụ ndị na-enye ihe ngosi ọdịbendị yana ọrụ mmekọahụ nye ndị eze obodo, ndị isi okpukpe na ndị nwe ụlọ.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Ndị otu na-azụ ahịa jiri ọdịnala obodo a mee ihe ma tinye obodo Badi n'ime mgbaaka na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Richardson|first=D.|year=2009|title=Sexual trafficking in Nepal: constructing citizenship and livelihoods|journal=Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography|volume=16|issue=3|pages=259–278|doi=10.1080/09663690902836300}}</ref> Ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ụkpụrụ, àgwà na omume na-agba ume ịzụ ahịa ma na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ nwee nsogbu.<ref name="Subedi" /> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ohere ole na ole maka agụmakwụkwọ, ọzụzụ ọrụ, na ọrụ karịa ụmụ nwoke na Nepal; ezinụlọ na-eji ụmụ nwoke akpọrọ ihe dị ka akụ mana ha na-ele ụmụ nwanyị anya dị ka ibu ego n'ihi na ụmụ agbọghọ ga-emesị lụọ di iji jeere ezinụlọ ọzọ ozi, ndị nne na nna ga-enyekwa ụgwọ na mgbakwunye.<ref name="Deane"/> Ezinụlọ dara ogbenye n'ọnọdụ ndị a nwere ike ree ụmụ ha nwanyị nye ndị na-azụ ahịa ma ọ bụ zipụ ha mgbe ha dị obere ka ha rụọ ọrụ ma zighachi ego n'ezinụlọ.<ref name="Deane" /> Omenala, mkpa akụ na ụba, na ọnọdụ dị ala nke ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ iji gaa n'ihu na-azụ ahịa.<ref name=":2"/> Ntachi obi nke ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na mmekọahụ na-emepụta nnukwu ihe mgbochi maka ndị a metụtara ịhapụ ọnọdụ mmegbu ma ọ bụ chọọ ụzọ iwu dị irè. Ọzọkwa, ụmụ nwanyị ndị gbara alụkwaghịm, ndị a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ, ndị e dinara n'ike, ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na-eche nnukwu ihere ihu ma bụrụ ndị ezinụlọ ha na obodo ha chụpụrụ, na-eme ka ha nwee ike ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Joffres"/> [[Usòrò:Nepal_Earthquake_(52).JPG|thumb|218x218px|Ụfọdụ n'ime mbibi nke ala ọma jijiji Nepal nke afọ 2015 kpatara]] === Nsogbu ndị mmadụ === Ala ọma jijiji nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015 na Nepal, ala ọma jijiji ndị sochiri ya emeela ka egwu nke ịzụ ahịa ka ndị mmadụ na-eri ọtụtụ nde ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi ọhụrụ. Mgbochi Nepal nke afọ 2015 emeela ka echiche nke nsogbu dị elu na mba ahụ. Ụfọdụ gosiri na ụmụ agbọghọ 461 dị ka Maiti Nepal kọrọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ, ndị ezinụlọ ha kwuru na ha furu efu mgbe ha gafechara India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-01-01/over-400-girls-missing-in-india.html|title=Over 400 girls missing in India|work=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-08}}</ref> Nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emetụtakwa mgbalị iji tinye ndị ọchịchị India aka ịchọta ha. == Ihe ịma aka mgbe ịzụ ahịa gasịrị == Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ndị a metụtara na-alanarị ma nwee ike ịpụ na ịzụ ahịa, enwere ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ha nwere ike ihu n'ịgbalị ịlaghachi na ndụ ha. === Nsonaazụ ahụike === A na-elegharakarị mmetụta uche nke ịzụ ahịa anya karịa mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nke anụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị mmetụta dị ukwuu ọ na ndụ onwe onye na ọha mmadụ.<ref name=":1"/> N'ihi mmetọ ahụ dị ogologo, ndị a na-emegbu na-enwekarị mmerụ ahụ na nke mmetụta uche dị ka nsogbu nrụgide post-traumatic (PTSD), ịda mbà n'obi, nchekasị, na ọgwụ ọjọọ.<ref name="Kantjha">KantJha, C., & Madison, J. (2011). Antecedent and Sequalae Issues of Nepalese Women Trafficked into Prostitution. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 12(1), 79–90.</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị lanarịrị ahịa mmadụ na-enwekarị ịda mbà n'obi na nchekasị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị metụtara ụdị ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":1" /> Nchegbu, ịda mbà n'obi, na nsogbu nchekasị post-traumatic na-enwekarị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị a na-azụ ahịa maka ọrụ na-abụghị mmekọahụ.<ref name=":1" /> Ndị a na-arịa ọrịa nọkwa n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu maka ọrịa ndị a na-ebute site na mmekọahụ (STIs) gụnyere ụkwara nta na HIV / AIDS.<ref name="Kantjha">KantJha, C., & Madison, J. (2011). Antecedent and Sequalae Issues of Nepalese Women Trafficked into Prostitution. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 12(1), 79–90.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresources/WCMS_IPEC_PUB_2379/lang--en/index.htm|title=Nepal - Trafficking in girls with special reference to prostitution: A rapid assessment}}</ref> Dị ka akwụkwọ 2002 nke United Nations "Nepal's National HIV/AIDS Strategy" si kwuo, Nepal nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke nje HIV n'ime ndị okenye ya, Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere "ọrịa na-efe efe" nke nje HIV na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=April 23, 2004|title=Psychological Factors in Nepali Former Commercial Sex Workers with HIV|journal=Journal of Nursing Scholarship|doi=10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00053.x|volume=35|pages=53–60|author=Sanzero Eller|first=Lucille}}</ref> Enweghị agụmakwụkwọ banyere nje HIV na obere condom na-enye aka n'ịgbasa nje HIV na Nepal.<ref name=":2" /> N'afọ 2002, ojiji condom bụ 1.1% nke ojiji mgbochi afọ ime niile na Nepal.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Young people and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in crisis|publisher=Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|year=2002}}</ref> Nnyocha na-egosi ihe dị ka 30-38% nke ndị na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ nwere nje HIV, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ na-abụghị ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na-abụghị ndị a manyere.<ref>Silverman, J. G. D. (2007). HIV Prevalence and Predictors of Infection in Sex-Trafficked Nepalese Girls and Women. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 298 (5), 536.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tsutsumi|first=A.|year=2008|title=Mental health of female survivors of human trafficking in Nepal|journal=Social Science & Medicine|volume=66|issue=8|pages=1841–1847|doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.025|pmid=18276050}}</ref> N'ụzọ dị iche na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na-abụghị ndị a manyere, ndị a na-azụ ahịa nwere ike ịbụ ndị a manyere ha ka ha na ndị ahịa nwee mmekọahụ na-enweghị nchebe, na-eduga na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke nje HIV.<ref name=":1"/> Ihe karịrị 50% nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere nje HIV na Nepal bụ ụmụ nwanyị a chụpụrụ mgbe ha rụchara ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmekọahụ na India.<ref name=":2"/> Ozugbo a chọpụtara na ụmụ nwanyị ndị a nwere nje HIV, ha na-eche ihere, ịjụ, na ịnọpụ iche, na-eme ka o sie ike ịlaghachi n'ime ọha mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha enwee ike ịpụ n'ọrụ mmekọahụ.<ref name=":2" /> === Ịlaghachi n'ime ọha mmadụ === Na mgbakwunye, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị lanarịrị enweghị ọnọdụ ụmụ amaala, ha nwere oke nhọrọ maka usoro iwu, ha erughịkwa eru maka ọtụtụ mmemme mbelata ịda ogbenye nke gọọmentị.<ref name="Richardson">{{Cite journal|author=Richardson|first=Diane|title=Sexual trafficking in Nepal: constructing citizenship and livelihoods|journal=[[Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography]]|volume=16|issue=3|pages=259–278|doi=10.1080/09663690902836300|date=June 2009}}</ref> Ọbụna mgbe ndị NGO nyere ha aka, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-akọ na ihere na-aga n'ihu n'obodo na enweghị ohere maka ibi ndụ.<ref name="Richardson" /> Ọtụtụ nwere oke ihe isi ike ịlaghachi n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ihi ihere siri ike ha na-eche ihu nke ịbụ ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ gara aga n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na a manyere ha ịbanye na ya.<ref name="Simkhada">Simkhada, P. (2008). Life Histories and Survival Strategies Amongst Sexually Trafficked Girls in Nepal. Children & Society, 22(3), 235–248. doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2008.00154.x Smith, H. M., & Smith, C. A. (2008). Human Trafficking: The Unintended Effects of United Nations Intervention. Conference Papers -- Western Political Science Association, 1–41.</ref> Mgbe ndị lanarịrị laghachiri n'obodo nta, ndị ezinụlọ na obodo na-achụpụkarị ha.<ref name="Jones">{{Cite journal|author=Jones|first=C|year=2010|title=Nepal's "Cabin Restaurants"|journal=Ms.|volume=20|issue=4}}</ref> Ndị lanarịrị na-ewere alụmdi na nwunye dị ka atụmatụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nke a chọrọ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya; ụfọdụ na-ezobe ndụ ha gara aga na ọnọdụ nje HIV n'aka di ọhụrụ ha.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="Richardson"/> N'ihi ihere na enweghị nkà na agụmakwụkwọ, tinyere obere ọrụ Nepal na ohere ibi ndụ maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị a na-ewere dị ka ndị a na-anakwere, ọtụtụ ndị lanarịrị na-abanye ọzọ n'ọrụ mmekọahụ.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="Richardson" /> == Mgbalị gọọmentị na-emegide ịzụ ahịa == === Iwu === Iwu Nepal depụtara kpọmkwem ikike ịha nhata na ikike nnwere onwe pụọ na mmegbu.<ref name="Deane"/> Ikike megide mmegbu machibidoro ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref name="Deane" /> Nepal's Muluki Ain bụ "ụkpụrụ zuru oke metụtara obodo, ndị omempụ, yana usoro na iwu dị mkpa nke alaeze" (Center for Legal Research and Resource Development, 2002, p. 11).<ref name=":9"/> Akụkụ nke Ain na-ekwu maka ịzụ ahịa kpọmkwem, a machibidoro ihe ndị na-esonụ: ''ịzụ ahịa'' mmadụ: a naghị ekwe ka ewepụ mmadụ na Nepal n'ebumnobi ire ere; ịpụ onye nlekọta iwu: onye na-erubeghị afọ iri na isii ma ọ bụ onye ọrịa uche enweghị ikewapụ ya na onye nlekọta iwu ha; na ''ịgba ohu na ọrụ'' nkekọ.<ref name=":9" /> Nepal nwekwara iwu ime ụlọ atọ nke na-ekwu maka ịzụ ahịa ụmụ agbọghọ na ọrụ ụmụaka mmanye, gụnyere Iwu Ọrụ nke afọ 1992, Iwu Nchịkwa Azụma nke Nepal nke afọ 1986, na Iwu National Human Rights Commission nke 1993.<ref name="Deane" /> Iwu Nchịkwa Ịzụ Mmadụ nke Nepal nke afọ 1986 na-eme ka ire na ịzụta ụmụ mmadụ bụrụ mpụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma guzobe ndokwa maka mmeghari na njikọta maka ndị metụtara.<ref name="Deane" /> Ọ na-akọwa ịzụ ahịa mmadụ dị ka ihe ọ bụla gụnyere i) ire ma ọ bụ ịzụta mmadụ maka nzube ọ bụla; ii) ịmanye mmadụ ịgba akwụna ma ọ bụ na-enwetaghị uru; iii) ịkpụ akụkụ ahụ mmadụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na iv) itinye aka na ịgba akwụna.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> A ga-ama ndị a mara ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri abụọ.<ref name="Dhungana">{{Cite journal|author=Dhungana|first=S. K.|year=2006|title=Anti-trafficking challenges in Nepal|journal=Forced Migration Review|volume=25|pages=21–22}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, iwebata ndị ọrụ site na aghụghọ maka ebumnuche nke ọrụ nkekọ abụghị mpụ na omume a ọ gwụla ma ọ bụ maka ịgba akwụna.<ref name="Deane" /> A na-akatọkwa omume ahụ maka ijikọ ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na ọrụ mmekọahụ, na maka ndokwa na-ezughị oke maka nkwụghachi ụgwọ na nchebe dị irè maka ndị na-eme mkpesa na-ede akwụkwọ megide ndị na-azụ ahịa.<ref name="Subedi" /> Nepal anabatabeghị nkwekọrịta mba ụwa Palermo Protocol on Trafficking (2003) nke na-enye nkọwa ọrụ a nabatara nke ịzụ ahịa dị ka iji ike, mmanye, na aghụghọ iji mebie mmadụ maka uru.<ref name="TIP"/> === Nsogbu dị na mmanye === N'agbanyeghi mbọ a na-agba n'iwu megide ịzụ ahịa, enweghị mmanye ka bụ otu n'ime ihe mgbochi kachasị elu iji lụso ịtụ mgbere ahịa ọgụ na mba Nepal.<ref name="Deane"/> Nke mbụ, gọọmentị na ọha mmadụ na-ekpe nwanyị ikpe maka ịgba akwụna ma belata ọrụ ndị na-azụ ahịa na mpụ a.<ref name="Deane" /> Nke abụọ, ndị ọrụ uwe ojii gọọmentị na-abụkarị ndị nrụrụ aka; pimps na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị uwe ojii na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ịzụ ahịa ha.<ref name="Kantjha">KantJha, C., & Madison, J. (2011). Antecedent and Sequalae Issues of Nepalese Women Trafficked into Prostitution. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 12(1), 79–90.</ref> Nke atọ, mmadụ ole na ole lanarịrị na-ebo ebubo, na-egosipụta na ndị lanarịrị enweghị ntụkwasị obi na usoro mmanye iwu ma ọ bụ usoro adịghị arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ndị lanarịrị kọọ akụkọ.<ref>Malla-Pradhan, S. (2006). National Laws, International and Regional Legal Framework against Trafficking, in Judges Workshops on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children. Kathmandu: National Judicial Academy, Nepal.</ref> Ọzọkwa, a na-akọ na iyi egwu na iyi egwu nke ndị lanarịrị na ndị akaebe n'oge ikpe ikpe ahụ, enweghị usoro nchebe nke ndị lanarịrị na enweghị obi ike n'ịgba akwụkwọ na itinye ego n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ dị ka isi ihe kpatara obere ndebanye aha nke ikpe ịzụ ahịa n'ụlọ ikpe.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Nke a gosipụtara site na nyocha nke Forum for Women, Law and Development (FWLD) na United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) nke chọpụtara na n'ime 70% nke ikpe ịzụ ahịa, ndị uwe ojii na-enyefe akụkọ nyocha ahụ n'aka onye ọka iwu Gọọmenti n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ntinye akụkọ nyocha ahụ n'ụlọ ikpe - na-eme ka ọ na-egbu oge na nyocha nke onye ọka iwu Gọọmenti.<ref name="Subedi" /> Otu nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na 23% nke akụkọ banyere ịzụ ahịa nke onye ọka iwu Gọọmenti apụtaghị n'oge a na-ege ntị. Na ọkwa ikpe, ikpe ndị ahụ na-egbu oge site na ihe akaebe na-ezughị ezu, oke igbu oge na usoro ikpe na enweghị mmezu nke ikpe. Na mgbakwunye, enwere nnukwu enweghị mmata banyere nsogbu nwoke na nwanyị, enweghị echiche doro anya banyere nsogbu ịzụ ahịa, enweghị akụ na ụba mmadụ nwere nkà, nrụrụ aka, nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na enweghị nhazi n'etiti ndị uwe ojii na onye ọka iwu Gọọmenti.<ref name="Subedi" /> Nkọwa ọzọ maka ịkọ akụkọ na-adịghị mma bụ na mgbe mwakpo ịzụ ahịa na India gasịrị, a na-achụpụ ọtụtụ ụmụnwanyị ozugbo n'obodo ha tupu ha enwee ike inye ihe akaebe megide ndị na-azụ ahịa.<ref name="Deane"/> N'ikpeazụ, ụlọ ikpe mba Nepal enweghịkwa ikike maka ndị nwe ụlọ akwụna na India, bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-eduzi ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Jones"/> === Ọrụ gọọmentị ndị ọzọ === Na mgbakwunye na iwu, gọọmentị mba Nepali depụtara atụmatụ National Plan of Action (NPA) megide ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka na ụmụnwanyị maka Mmekọahụ na mmegbu ọrụ na 1998 nke e degharịrị na 2001.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> NPA achọpụtala ebe asatọ a na-eme ihe: i) iwu, nnyocha na mmepe ụlọ ọrụ; ii) iwu na mmanye; iii) ịmepụta mmata, nkwado, netwọkụ na mkpakọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya; iv) ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ; v) ego na ọgbọ ọrụ; vi) nnapụta na nlọghachi; vii) nsogbu mpaghara, mpaghara na mba ụwa na viii) nlekota na nyocha. A na-enye Mịnịstrị nke Ụmụnwanyị, Ụmụaka na Ọdịmma ọrụ iji mejuputa NPA megide ịzụ ahịa. Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka i) ịmepụta na mmejuputa atụmatụ na atumatu gbasara ụmụnwanyị, ụmụaka na ọdịmma ọha na eze; ii) ịhazi na mmekọrịta ya na òtù mba na mba ụwa na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya; na iii) hụ na nchedo na nkwalite ụmụaka na ụmụnwanyị.<ref name="Subedi" /> E guzobere Office of the National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Women and Children (ONRT) n'afọ 2002 n'okpuru National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), onye ọrụ ya bụ nyochaa atụmatụ mgbochi ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Gọọmentị tinyekwara mgbalị dị iche iche iji belata ịda ogbenye iji dozie otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mkpa na-akpata ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Subedi" /> Gọọmentị na-arụkwa ebe nchekwa na nhazi ya na NGO.<ref name="renamed_from_2009_on_20120425204301"/> NGO dị iche iche na Nepal na-elekwasị anya na mmemme ndị na-arụ ọrụ iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ, yana ime ka ndị lanarịrị ma nyere aka weghachite ha n'ime obodo ha.<ref name=":9"/> Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a maara nke ọma na ndị guzosie ike gụnyere Change Nepal [http://www.changenepal.org.np], Maiti Nepal, 3 Angels Nepal (www.3angelsnepal.com) ABC Nepal, National Network Against Girl Trafficking (NNAGT) na Shakti Samuha . Isi ọrụ ha gụnyere nyocha na akwụkwọ nke ịzụ ahịa; nkwado na ịgba mbọ maka mgbanwe iwu; ịkwalite mmata na obodo; nguzobe ọrụ enyemaka; nguzobe na ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro nyocha obodo; inye ike nke obodo na ndị na-adịghị ike dị ka ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụnwanyị; ọrụ iwu maka ndị lanarịrị; ime ka nnapụta na-agafe ókèala, mwakpo, na mbugharị; na nguzobe ụlọ ọrụ mmeghari maka ndị lanarịrị ebe ha nwere ike inwe ebe obibi dị mma, nweta enyemaka ahụike na iwu, ndụmọdụ, ma mụta nkà ahia ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":9" /> Enwere ike kewaa mmemme mgbochi ịzụ ahịa na Nepal n'ime mmemme mgbochi, mgbochi na-apụtaghị ìhè, mmezi, na nkwado.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|author=Kaufman|first=Michelle R.|date=2011|title=Sex Trafficking in Nepal: A Review of Intervention and Prevention Programs|url=http://vaw.sagepub.com/content/17/5/651|journal=Violence Against Women|doi=10.1177/1077801211407431|pmid=21502114|volume=17|issue=5|pages=651–665}}</ref> Mmemme mgbochi gụnyere mmemme "ịzụlite mmata", agụmakwụkwọ banyere ịzụ ahịa na omume mbugharị dị mma, ohere ka mma maka ibi ndụ, na ịgagharị ókèala mba ahụ.<ref name=":9" /> A na-eme ihe omume ndị a site na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe, nzukọ, ihe nkiri n'okporo ámá, ogige mgbochi, agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ, na ndị otu nkwado obodo.<ref name=":9" /> Mgbochi na-enweghị isi na-enyere aka igbochi ịzụ ahịa site n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ịgbazinye ego, mmemme ikike ụmụ nwanyị, mmemme agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụnwanyị, na ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụagbọghọ.<ref name=":9" /> A na-elekwasị anya na nlekọta na nkwado nke ndị lanarịrị ịzụ ahịa, mmemme maka mmeghari ha, na mgbalị iji nyere aka weghachite ha n'ime obodo ha.<ref name=":9" /> N'ikpeazụ, nkwado na-agụnye ikpe ndị na-azụ ahịa na ịmanye iwu megide ịzụ ahịa.<ref name=":9" /> === Nkatọ === N'agbanyeghị na a na-ele ya anya dị ka ihe dị mkpa ma na-enye aka nye ndị a metụtara, a na-akatọ NGO ndị na-emegide ịzụ ahịa na Nepal mgbe ụfọdụ na echiche ha, usoro ha, ịdị irè ha, na nkwuwa okwu. Nke mbụ, n'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke òtù dị na ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-etinye uche na ndagwurugwu Kathmandu ma nwee oke iru na ime obodo ebe ọtụtụ ndị metụtara na ndị na-adịghị ike bi.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Nke abụọ, echiche omume nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'azụ ọrụ ndị a na-enye ndị ahụ metụtara, na ụfọdụ NGO na-eji ịtụ Mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ tụnyere ọrụ mmekọahụ na mbugharị: mgbe mwakpo ụlọ akwụna gasịrị, a na-akpọghachite ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ mgbe ụfọdụ, ọbụlagodi mgbe ha ji obi ha niile nọrọ ebe ahụ.<ref name="Dhungana"/> Nke atọ, a na-ebo ụfọdụ NGO ebubo na ha na-ebelata nnwere onwe ije maka ụmụnwanyị dịka ọtụtụ NGO na-agbakarị ụmụagbọghọ ume ka ha nọrọ n'ime obodo ma gbalịa igbochi mbugharị afọ ofufo, nke nwere ike ịkwado ma na-ebelata ọdịnihu ụmụagbọghọ.<ref name="Dhungana" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Worthen|first=M|year=2011|title=Sex Trafficking or Sex Work? Conceptions of Trafficking Among Anti- Trafficking Organizations in Nepal|journal=Refugee Survey Quarterly|volume=30|issue=3|doi=10.1093/rsq/hdr007}}</ref> A na-ajụkwa àgwà nke ndị isi NGO, na ọzụzụ nke ndị ndụmọdụ. Ọzọkwa, n'ajụjụ ọnụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta, ndị lanarịrị n'ụlọ ndị NGO na-elekọta na-akatọ ọzụzụ nkà ọdịnala a na-enye ha dịka ịkwa akwa na ime uwe, nke ha na-eme mkpesa ezughị iji kwado onwe ha na akụ na ụba obodo. Kama nke ahụ, ndị lanarịrị na-akọ na ha chọrọ ụdị nkwado nke ha na-ahụ na ọ na-enyere ha aka ịsọ mpi n'ahịa ụwa na inwe ndụ na-adịgide adịgide.<ref name="Richardson"/> Na ọkwa nhazi, enweghị nkwurịta okwu na nhazi, mbipụta na asọmpi n'etiti NGO nke nwere ike igosi na ọ bụ oke maka mgbalị mgbochi ịzụ ahịa. Enweghị ike n'inye ego enyemaka mba ọzọ iji lụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ bụ nnukwu nchegbu: ka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ pụtara na usoro mba ụwa, ego dị maka ntinye aka na Nepal mụbara.<ref name=":9"/> Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke NGO mụbara n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, mana enweghị ịza ajụjụ na nkwuwa okwu: enweghị nchekwa data a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke NGO dị, ọ dịghịkwa ụzọ zuru oke iji chọpụta ọrụ ha, mmefu, ma ọ bụ ụgwọ nchịkwa. Na ngalaba ahụike naanị, 82% nke NGO ndị ahụ e debara aha bụ ndị a kọrọ na ha "adịghị arụ ọrụ".<ref name=":9" /> Na mgbakwunye, a katọrọ ọtụtụ dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma.<ref name="Dhungana"/> Ọbụna ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na ntinye aka NGO nwere ike imerụ ọha mmadụ ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịkwalite akụkọ na-emenye ụjọ nke ịtọrọ mmadụ emeela ka ụfọdụ ndị nne na nna dọpụta ụmụ agbọghọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ihi egwu ịtọrọ mmadụ mgbe ha na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ; na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ ụmụnwanyị na-akwaga mba ọzọ na-akwa arịrị na n'ihi mgbasa ozi gbasara ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ ụfọdụ ndị Nepali na-ejikọta nje HIV / AIDS na ndị mbịarambịa niile si India na-alọta, na-eme ka ihere dị elu maka ndị mbịarambịa.<ref name=":9"/> == Ihe ịma aka ndị fọdụrụ == Ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ka dị n'ịlụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ. Nke mbụ, enwere ụkọ data gbasara ịzụ ahịa, ọkachasị n'ihi ọdịdị iwu na-akwadoghị na nzuzo ya. Ọtụtụ ozi dị ugbu a banyere ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na Nepal na-adabere na mbipụta NGO; ọ ka enweghị usoro nchekwa data etiti maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ site n'aka gọọmentị ma ọ bụ nzukọ ọ bụla ọzọ.<ref name="Simkhada">Simkhada, P. (2008). Life Histories and Survival Strategies Amongst Sexually Trafficked Girls in Nepal. Children & Society, 22(3), 235–248. doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2008.00154.x Smith, H. M., & Smith, C. A. (2008). Human Trafficking: The Unintended Effects of United Nations Intervention. Conference Papers -- Western Political Science Association, 1–41.</ref> Nke abụọ, enweghị nhazi zuru oke n'etiti na n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'ime mba ahụ, na nke atọ, ọ na-esiri ike ịmepụta data sayensị n'ihi sigma mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ịzụ ahịa dịka ọtụtụ ịzụ ahịa gụnyere maka mmegbu mmekọahụ.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> Ihe ịma aka ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide iji lụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ bụ ókèala mepere emepe n'etiti Nepal na India, enweghị mmanye iwu n'ihi ime ihe ike obodo na-arịwanye elu, ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nrụrụ aka, ego na-ezughị ezu na mmejuputa NPA megide ịzụ ahịa, na obere ihe kachasị mkpa nke ọrụ mgbochi ịzụ ahịa na usoro gọọmentị Nepali. Ihe ndị metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị ka ịda ogbenye zuru oke, akụ na ụba zuru ụwa ọnụ na-achọ ndị ọrụ dị ọnụ ala na ndị ohu, na enweghị ohere maka ndị Nepali na mpaghara na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka usoro nke nsogbu. Ọzọkwa, ihe ndị dị na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na ọdịbendị dị ukwuu dị ka enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị, ihere, na enweghị nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike mmadụ, ọkachasị nke ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka, ka na-etinye ihe mgbochi ọha na eze n'ịlụ ọgụ ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Subedi">Subedi, G. (2009). TRAFFICKING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN NEPAL FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: EMERGING CONCERNS AND GAPS. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(1/2), 121–146.</ref> * Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na India * Ihe ruuru mmadụ * Ịgba ohu mmekọahụ * Ịgba ohu * Ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka * Mgbalị mba dị iche iche iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa mmadụ * Ọrụ na-enweghị nnwere onwe * Pir == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|3}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.dissertation.com/abstracts/2150675 Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na mpaghara Cross Border nke Sunauli, Rupandehi] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pzy3uejm36tk3dzx1utnspk1dbnbvzx 0 13068 727780 90686 2026-09-25T01:33:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nicaragua''' bụ isi iyi na ọbọdọ njem banyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka a na-azụ ahịa mmadụ, ọkachasị ịgba akwụna mmanye na ọrụ mmanye. A na-azụ ahịa ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka Nicaragua maka mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa n'ime mba ahụ yana mba ndị agbata obi, ọtụtụ mgbe na El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], na United States. A na-akpọ ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ime ime obodo maka ọrụ ná mba ukwu, ọkachasị Managua, ma mesịa manye ha ịgba akwụna. A na akwanye ndị okenye na ụmụaka n'ọnọdụ ọrụ mmanye na [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] (karịsịa na mmepụta kọfị na unere), ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ (ịchịkọta azụ), na maka ịgba ohu n'ụlọ n'ime obodo ahụ na Costa Rica.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/nicaragua.htm |title=Nicaragua, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor |access-date=2022-04-29 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070044/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/nicaragua.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> E nwere akụkọ màkà ụfọdụ ndị Nicaragua a manyere itinye aka na ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ruo n'ókè dị nta, Nicaragua bụ mba na-aga maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ndị a na-enweta site na mba ndị agbata obi maka ịgba akwụna mmanye. Managua, Granada, Estelí, na San Juan del Sur bụ ebe ndị njem nleta ụmụaka si obodo ọzọ si United States, [[Kánada|Canada]], na Western Europe, a na-akọkwa na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ njem na-akwado ịkwalite njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka. Nicaragua bụ mba njem maka ndị mbịarambịa si [[Eluàlà|Africa]] na East Asia na-aga United States; ụfọdụ nwere ike ịdaba n'aka ndị ná azụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref name="dos">"Nicaragua". [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617173933/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142761.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ Ngalaba steeti US na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2 Watchlist" n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> == Mkpesa == Gọọmentị Nicaragua kwadoro mgbalị dị ala iji lụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ site na ọrụ ndị mmanye iwu n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Nicaragua na-eme ka ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ bụrụ mpụ. Nkeji edemede otu narị na iri asatọ na abụọ nke Iwu Penal machibidoro ịzụ ahịa mmadụ maka ebumnuche nke ịgba ohu, mmegbu mmekọahụ, na nkuchi, na-enye ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ Asaa ruo afọ irí. Iwu dị iche, Nkeji edemede narị atọ na iri na ise, machibidoro nrubeisi, mmezi, ma ọ bụ ịmanye onye ọzọ n'ohu, ọrụ mmanye, ịgba ohu, ma ọ bụ isonye na agha agha; mmejọ a na-ebute ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ ise ruo afọ asatọ. Ntaramahụhụ ndị a e nyere iwu zuru oke ma kwekọọ na ntaramahụhụ e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike. == Nchedo == Gọọmentị Nicaragua gbalikwara nkè ukwuu iji chebe ndị na-azụ ahịa n'afọ gara aga, NGO na òtù mba ụwa nọgidere na-abụ ndị isi na-enye ndị na-ahụ maka ya ọrụ. Gọọmentị nyere ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa ụmụaka ebe obibi na ọrụ, mana enyemaka dị otú ahụ adịghị mfe ịnweta n'akụkụ niile nke mba ahụ, a na-akọkwa na gọọmentị belatara enyemaka ya dị ntakịrị na ebe obibi ndị a n'ime afọ gara aga. Enweghị ebe nchekwa gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa, ọ bụ ezie na NGO na-arụ ọrụ ebe obibi banyere ndị na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ. Ndị okenye na-azụ ahịa enweghị ike ịnweta ọrụ ọ bụla gọọmentị kwadoro, ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị nyere ụfọdụ ndị metụtara obere ọrụ iwu, ahụike na nke uche. == Mgbochi == Mgbalị nile gọọmentị Nicaragua iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa ka ezukwaghi. Gọọmentị emeghị mgbasa ozi megide ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi agụmakwụkwọ n'ime afọ 2009, ọ bụ ezie na NGO na òtù mba ụwa mere mkpọsa mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na mmekorita gọọmentị. Gọọmentị gbanwere akara ọkụ nke a raara nyebu maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ka ọ bụrụ akara ọkụ maka ịkọ akụkọ banyere ọdịmma ụmụaka. Kọmitii gọọmentị na-ahụ maka mgbochi ịzụ ahịa na-ahụ maka ịhazi mgbalị mgbochi ịzụ ahịa, kama na ha rụrụ ọrụ ole na ole, ndị NGO na-ajụkwa ikike kọmitii ahụ na nkwa ya iji lụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ. N'afọ 2020, United States depụtara Nicaragua na akụkọ ya kwa afọ. Nke a ziri ezi n'ihi na ọrịa COVID-19 ga-eduga na mmụba nke ịzụ ahịa iwu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-08-08|title=Pandemic in slavery: the rising risk for Nicaraguans in Costa Rica|url=https://vozdeguanacaste.com/en/pandemic-in-slavery-the-rising-risk-for-nicaraguans-in-costa-rica/|accessdate=2020-12-16|work=Voz de Guanacaste|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-26|title=Central America arrests break up major human trafficking ring, police say|url=https://ticotimes.net/2020/06/26/us-adds-nicaragua-to-human-trafficking-blacklist|accessdate=2020-12-17|work=The Tico Times {{!}} Costa Rica News {{!}} Travel {{!}} Real Estate|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights Council concludes interactive dialogue on the Annual Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, hears presentations on Nicaragua, Venezuela, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in Ukraine - World|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/human-rights-council-concludes-interactive-dialogue-annual-report-high-commissioner|accessdate=2020-12-17|work=ReliefWeb|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 4x1r31y8cihwnr6jwfnivu1u87cbh4t 0 13073 727774 726146 2026-09-25T01:25:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Costa_Rica_regions_map.png|thumb|Map Costa Rica]] Costa Rica bụ isi iyi, njem, na mba na-aga maka ngwaahịa na ngwaahịa, ebe dị mma maka ahia n'oké osimiri. Mba Costa Rica gbara Pacific Ocean na Caribbean Sea gburugburu na-eme ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi nke mbubata na mbupụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica History|url=https://costarica.org/facts/history/|work=CostaRica.org|accessdate=5/7/2019}}</ref> Costa Rica dị ihe dị ka 19,653 square kilomita nke ala, na-eme ka ọ dị ntakịrị karịa West Virginia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitcostarica.com/en/costa-rica/general-information|title=About Costa Rica|author=|first=|date=|work=essential Costa Rica|accessdate=5/7/2019}}</ref> Ruo n'ókè dị ala ma na-arịwanye elu, Costa Rica bụ isi iyi, njem, na mba na-aga maka ụmụnwoke, ụmụnwanyị, na ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ mmanye, ọkachasị na ọrụ ugbo, iwu ụlọ, ịkụ azụ, na ngalaba ọrụ ụlọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2018/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628200454/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2018/index.htm|archivedate=2018-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2018|work=www.state.gov|accessdate=2019-03-04}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''www.state.gov''. Archived from [https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2018/index.htm the original] on 2018-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Akụ̀ na ụba na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mbupụ unere na kọfị, na-achọ ọrụ ugbo dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica history|url=https://costarica.org/facts/history/|work=costarica.org|accessdate=5/7/2019}}</ref> A na-amanye ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka Costa Rica ka ha nwee mmekọahụ n'ihi oke ịda ogbenye na ime ihe ike. A chọpụtala ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ si mba Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Colombia, na Panama dị ka ndị a manyere ịgba akwụna.<ref name=":0" /> Njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka bụ nnukwu nsogbu, ọkachasị na mpaghara Guanacaste, Limon, Puntarenas, na San José. Ụmụaka na-eme njem nlegharị anya na-abịa site na mba United States na Europe.<ref name=":0" /> A na-etinye ụmụokorobịa si Nicaragua, Vietnam, China na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Eshia n'ọnọdụ ọrụ mmanye na Costa Rica.<ref name="dos">"Costa Rica". [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. U.S. Department of State (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}</ref> Achọpụtala ndị okenye na-eji ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka a na-azụ ahịa ebugharị ma na-ere ọgwụ ọjọọ.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/trafficking-in-persons-report-2018-costa-rica-tier-2-watch-list/|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2018 – Costa Rica – Tier 2 Watch List {{!}} U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|work=U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23|archive-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423024122/https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/trafficking-in-persons-report-2018-costa-rica-tier-2-watch-list/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> Mba ndị agbata obi na obodo ndị a na-ahụ maka ọrụ mmanye ọtụtụ ugboro na-ebuga na Costa Rica.<ref name=":0" /> Costa Rica bụ ugbu a Tier 2 nche ndepụta ebe dị ka Trafficking In Persons Report.<ref name=":4"/> Gọọmentị Costa Rica anaghị agbaso ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa; Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu ime nke ahụ. N'ime afọ gara aga, Gọọmentị Costa Rica gara n'ihu ime ka ọha na eze mara banyere ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ ma zụọ ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, nyochaa ebubo, na mgbakwunye na ịnọgide na-enwe obere ọrụ ndị metụtara ya.<ref name=":4" /> Otú ọ dị, mbọ ndị mmanye iwu nke gọọmentị kwụsịrị n'ihe gbasara ijide ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa maka mpụ ha na n'idozi ikpe ụlọ nke ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ nke ọma.<ref name=":4" /> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a hụrụ ego na-ezughị ezu na nkesa ego gọọmentị na-enyere aka na ịtụ mgbere ahịa.<ref name=":4" /> Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2" n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, akpọrọ Costa Rica dị ka mba Tier 2. Mba Tier 2 anaghị emezu ụkpụrụ kacha nta achọrọ iji kwụsị ịzụ ahịa, mana ha na-eme mgbalị.<ref name=":0"/> == Ndabere == Costa Rica dị na Central America. Isi obodo Costa Rica bụ San José . Ndị bi na ya gụnyere ndị mba Europe, Spanish, African, Chinese, na ụmụ amaala nke ruru nde mmadụ 4.9.<ref name=":2" /> Ndị bi na ya gụnyere ụzọ anọ n'ụzọ ise nke agbụrụ mba Europe ebe pasent nke ọzọ bụ ndị obodo Mestizos. Mestizos bụ ngwakọta nke agbụrụ Europe na India.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Parker|first=Franklin|title=Costa Rica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Costa-Rica|work=Britanica|accessdate=25 April 2019}}</ref> Asụsụ ndị ahụ gụnyere Spanish, Limonese, Bribrí, Cabécar, Maléku Jaíka, Boruca, na Térraba. Okpukpe bụ isi bụ Roman Katọlik. Okpukpe ndị ọzọ bụ Protestant, [[Jew|ndị Juu]], na ndị Mennonite.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Costa-Rica|title=Costa Rica {{!}} Location, Geography, People, Culture, Economy, & History|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-17}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Costa-Rica "Costa Rica | Location, Geography, People, Culture, Economy, & History"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Akụ̀ na ụba Costa Rica na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, ọhịa, na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ. Ngwongwo ndị dị mkpa bụ shuga, kọfị, unere, pineapples, okooko osisi, kọfị gourmet, herbs, macadamia nuts, na mmanụ nkwụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ na-agụnyekarị tuna, shrimp, na tilapia. Ọrụ ugbo bụ akụ na ụba kachasị mkpa maka Costa Rica. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị ọrụ na Costa Rica bụ ụmụnwanyị.<ref name=":2"/> Usoro gọọmentị Costa Rica gụnyere onye isi ala, ndị osote onye isi ala abụọ, na otu ụlọ omebe iwu. E nwere ógbè asaa na Costa Rica nke e kewara site na mpaghara. Onye isi ala na-ahọpụta ndị gọvanọ. Na Costa Rica enwere otu onye ọka ikpe ma ọ bụ otu ndị ọka ikpe. Enweghị ndị ọka ikpe na ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ na Costa Rica.<ref name=":2"/> Afọ nkwenye bụ afọ iri na ise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world/costa-rica|title=Costa Rica Age of Consent & Statutory Rape Laws|work=www.ageofconsent.net|accessdate=2019-04-30}}</ref> Na Costa Rica, ịgba akwụna bụ iwu. Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ga-abụ ndị dị afọ iri na asatọ ma karịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lightforceintl.com/faq/|title=LightForce International {{!}} FAQ|accessdate=2019-04-30}}</ref> Enwere ike ịchọta ndị akwụna na họtel, ụlọ mmanya, klọb, na ụlọ ịhịa aka n'ahụ. Ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ aghaghị inye ihe akaebe na ha dị afọ iri na asatọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Gọọmentị na-enye kaadị njirimara na nyocha ahụike n'efu maka ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/central-america/costa-rica/articles/revealing-costa-ricas-legal-sex-industry/|title=Revealing Costa Rica's Legal Sex Industry|author=Parker|first=Jenn|work=Culture Trip|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2019-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430185204/https://theculturetrip.com/central-america/costa-rica/articles/revealing-costa-ricas-legal-sex-industry/}}</ref> Mgbakọ Federal nke Guatemala kagburu ịgba ohu na 1882. A kpochapụrụ ịgba ohu na mba Costa Rica n'ọnwa Eprel 17, 1824. Enweghị ọtụtụ ndị ohu mgbe a kwụsịrị ịgba ohu n'ihi na e nwere ndị ohu nweere onwe ha. A kpọtara ndị ohu ojii na Costa Rica na ndị Spain meriri. Ndị ohu ga-arụ ọrụ n'ugbo cacao na unere. E ji ndị ohu rụọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Ụmụnwanyị bụ ndị iko. A tọhapụrụ ụmụaka a mụrụ mgbe nne ha bụ ndị iko. Ndị ohu nweere onwe ha nwere ugbo nke ha, na-arụ ọrụ n'ịrụ ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na-arụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ unere, na-ekpocha ọhịa, ma kwaga ebe ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị ewere ha dị ka ụmụ amaala n'ihi ya ha enweghị ikike iwu kwadoro maka ugbo ha. White Ticos (Costa Ricans) weghaara ala ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/costa-rica-abolishes-slavery/|title=Costa Rica abolishes Slavery|work=African American Registry|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-16}}</ref> == Ụdị Ịtụ mgbere ahịa == Ụmụaka, ụmụnwoke, na ụmụnwanyị bụ ndị ụdị ahịa niile metụtara.<ref name=":0"/> Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-achọ ndị na-adịghị ike. Ndị na-enweghị ike nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-enweghị ike n'ụzọ uche, ndị na-enweghị mmetụta uche, enwere ike inwe nsogbu akụ na ụba dịka ịda ogbenye, ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-enweghị nlekọta, ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-agba ọsọ, ha nwere ike ghara ịsụ asụsụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ha nwere ike ịtụ egwu ndị mmanye iwu obodo. Ndị a bụ ihe ndị nwere ike iduga mmadụ ịnọ n'ihu onye na-azụ ahịa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/what-human-trafficking|title=What Is Human Trafficking?|date=2013-05-24|work=Department of Homeland Security|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/what-human-trafficking "What Is Human Trafficking?"]. ''Department of Homeland Security''. 2013-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ndị na-azụ ahịa nwere ike iji ime ihe ike, usoro akparamaagwa, mmegbu mmadụ, iyi egwu, njikwa, mmanya, ọgwụ ọjọọ, nkwa ụgha, ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi ọrụ ụgha iji chọọ ndị na-azụ ahịa ma mee ka ha tụọ egwu ịpụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/modern-day-slavery/201610/psychological-tactics-used-human-traffickers|title=Psychological Tactics Used by Human Traffickers|work=Psychology Today|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30}}</ref> * Ịgba ohu ụgwọ<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/UM-NS_Workshop/SiobhanMcGrath.pdf|title=Unfree labor, Capitalism, and contemporary forms of slavery.|author=McGrath|first=Siobhán|date=|work=|accessdate=|archivedate=2021-08-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831194154/http://peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/UM-NS_Workshop/SiobhanMcGrath.pdf}}</ref> * Ịgba ohu n'ụlọ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/domestic-servitude/|title=Domestic Servitude {{!}} Enslavement of Live-in Help - End Slavery Now|work=endslaverynow.org|accessdate=2019-04-30}}</ref> * Ọrụ mmanye ma ọ bụ enweghị nnwere onwe na ịzụ ahịa ọrụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/forced-labor/|title=Forced Labor {{!}} Modern Day Slavery - End Slavery Now|work=endslaverynow.org|accessdate=2019-04-17}}</ref> * Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ<ref name=":3"/> * Ịgba ohu<ref name=":1" /> * Ịzụ ahịa akụkụ ahụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/emerging-crimes/organ-trafficking.html|title=Organ Trafficking|work=www.unodc.org|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2019-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430155707/https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/emerging-crimes/organ-trafficking.html}}</ref> * Njem mmekọahụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/sex-tourism|title=Sex Tourism {{!}} Travelers' Health {{!}} CDC|work=wwwnc.cdc.gov|accessdate=2019-04-18}}</ref> * Ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/sex-trafficking/|title=Sex Trafficking {{!}} Human Trafficking for Sex - End Slavery Now|work=endslaverynow.org|accessdate=2019-04-16}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta == === Ndị E merụrụ ahụ === A na-azụ ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka na Costa Rica maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na ọrụ mmanye. A na-azụ ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ site na mba Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, na mba Latin ndị ọzọ. Ụmụnwoke na ụmụaka nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ mmanye, ọkachasị na ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ụlọ nke Costa Rica.<ref name=":4"/> === Onye omekome === N'afọ 2016, a kọrọ na 56% nke [[South Amerika|ndị]] e jidere na South America maka ịzụ ahịa bụ ụmụnwanyị ebe 44% bụ ụmụnwoke. A na-ama ọtụtụ ụmụn nwanyị ikpe na South America karịa mụ nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/2018/GLOTiP_2018_BOOK_web_small.pdf|title=Global Report on Trafficking Persons 2018|author=Fedotov|first=Yury|date=2018|work=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime|accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref> == Mgbochi == [[Usòrò:Plenario_de_la_Asamblea_Legislativa_de_Costa_Rica.JPG|thumb|259x259px|Ụlọ omebe iwu Costa Rica]] Gọọmentị mba Costa Rica na-arụ ọrụ iji guzobe ntọala siri ike ma kwado òtù ndị ọzọ iji nyere aka n'iwepụ na igbochi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ime mba ahụ. Malite n'afọ 2016, gọọmentị nyere nde $ 1.15 iji mepụta isi ụlọ ọrụ maka National Coalition against Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons (CONATT) nke ga-enye aka n'ịkwalite mmata ma nweekwa ndị otu na-ahụ maka ihe mberede nke awa iri abụọ na anọ na dị ka ebe obibi dị mkpirikpi maka ndị metụtara.<ref name="Refugees">{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ece73.html|title=Refworld {{!}} 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica|author=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|work=Refworld|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-30}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRefugees">Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. [https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ece73.html "Refworld | 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica"]. ''Refworld''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ka Rahab Foundation, otu nzukọ obodo, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị uwe ojii iji nyere aka zụọ ha ịmata ihe ịrịba ama nke onye a na-azụ ahịa ma nyere aka mee ka ha pụọ n'ụzọ ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ticotimes.net/2014/06/12/sex-tourism-a-driver-for-human-trafficking-in-costa-rica-says-foundation|title=Sex tourism a driver for human trafficking in Costa Rica, says foundation|work=The Tico Times Costa Rica|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23}}</ref> Ọtụtụ NGO na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọha na eze na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị iji mee ka a mara site na agụmakwụkwọ. Dị ka ''Costa Rica Star'', akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo si kwuo, n'afọ 2017, gọọmentị malitere inyekwu mmefu ego mba na NGO, ndị na-arụ ọrụ ịlụ ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.co.cr/us-state-dept-notes-costa-ricas-success-curbing-human-trafficking/62939/|title=US State Dept Notes Costa Rica's Success in Curbing Human Trafficking|date=2017-07-05|work=Costa Rica Star News|accessdate=2019-04-01}}</ref> Mgbe iwu gọọmentị na-enye ume ọhụrụ, NGO na-azaghachi ndị metụtara ozugbo site n'inye nri, ebe obibi, na enyemaka ego na nke uche. Otú ọ dị, a kọrọ na ha anaghị azaghachi n'oge ma ọ bụ ndị ahụ metụtara anaghị enweta otu ọkwa nchebe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/tip-cr-2017/|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017 – Costa Rica – Tier 2 Watch List {{!}} U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|work=U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica|accessdate=2019-04-01|archive-date=2019-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401214041/https://cr.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/official-reports/tip-cr-2017/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ mgbochi na-ewere ọnọdụ bụ gọọmentị na-enye iwu na iwu ndị ọzọ iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Gọọmentị agafeela Iwu megide Ịtụ mgbere ahịa na 2013 Creation of the National Coalition against the Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking in Persons iji kpee ndị na-ekere òkè na mbubata na mbupụ ndị mmadụ na Costa Rica maka ụdị ọrụ mmekọahụ ọ bụla, ịgba ohu ọrụ, na / ma ọ bụ ịzụ ahịa nke akụkụ ahụ iwu na-akwadoghị.<ref name=":0"/> Site n'ime ka ọ bụrụ iwu na-akwadoghị ma na-ekpe ndị omekome ikpe, ọ ga-enye aka n'ịkwụsị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ihi egwu nke nsonaazụ. Ekwenyere na Costa Rica nwere ike ịmalite idozi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ site n'ime ka a mara ya; ọbụnadị ndị ọrụ Mịnịstrị mba ofesi ha kwenyere na ọ ga-abụ isi iyi nke "ike omume" ma weta "nchebe ogologo oge" na ọkwa ịzụ ahịa mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Global good Samaritans : human rights as foreign policy|url=https://archive.org/details/globalgoodsamari0000brys|author=Brysk, Alison|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199700691|oclc=317495489}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, gọọmentị kpebiri ịbawanye mgbalị mgbochi site na ịmepụta atụmatụ ọrụ ọhụrụ maka afọ 2017-2022. O nwere nkwado iji kwado nzukọ mba ụwa ọzọ na ịtụ aro ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara gọọmentị na-emegide ịzụ ahịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271170.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703181213/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271170.htm|archivedate=2017-07-03|title=Costa Rica|work=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23}}</ref> === Mkpesa === Gọọmentị Costa Rica kwadoro mgbalị ndị mmanye iwu megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Nkeji edemede 172 nke iwu ntaramahụhụ, nke e megharịrị n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2009, na-enye ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ isii ruo afọ iri maka njem nke ndị mmadụ ma gafee ókèala ma n'ime mba ahụ maka ebumnuche nke ịgba akwụna, ịgba akwụna ma ọ bụ ọrụ, ịgba ohu, ọrụ mmanye ma ọ bụ ọrụ, alụmdi na nwunye ohu, ịrịọ arịrịọ mmanye, ma ọ bụ ụdị ọrụ mmanye. Iwu a machibidoro nnabata iwu na-akwadoghị, nke na-adabaghị na nkọwa mba ụwa nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Enwere ike ịbawanye ikpe ruo afọ asatọ ruo afọ iri na isii n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị njọ, dị ka mmegbu nke nwatakịrị ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ ahịa na-eji aghụghọ, ime ihe ike, iyi egwu, ma ọ bụ mmanye. Ntaramahụhụ ndị e depụtara na Nkeji edemede 172 a gbanwere bụ nke zuru oke ma kwekọọ na ndị e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/crimes-against-humanity/index.php#costarica|title=Crimes Against Humanity Statutes and Criminal Code Provisions|author=Staff|first=Global Legal Research Directorate|date=April 2010|work=www.loc.gov|accessdate=2019-04-10}}</ref> Isiokwu 376 na 377 nke iwu ntaramahụhụ machibidoro ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ ụmụaka, na-enye ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ abụọ ruo afọ anọ. Iwu 8754, nke e mere n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2009, nyere ikike iji mmụba ndị mmanye iwu na usoro nyocha, dị ka ịgbanye ekwentị na iji akaebe a na-atụ anya ya, mgbe ị na-eme ikpe ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e12ee8737.html|title=Refworld {{!}} 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica|author=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|work=Refworld|accessdate=2019-04-10}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, amaghị iwu ọhụrụ ahụ nke ọma, gbochiri ịmanye iwu ndị a, gọọmentị wee gaa n'ihu na-eji iwu ndị ọzọ na-ekpe ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa na-etinye aka na mmegbu ụmụaka. N'afọ 2017, a kọrọ na ha meghere ikpe ọhụrụ iri abụọ na isii ma kpee ndị ọzọ iri atọ na itoolu na-ahụ maka ndị na-azụ ndị ọzọ na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5959ece73.html|title=Refworld {{!}} 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report - Costa Rica|author=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|work=Refworld|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-07}}</ref> Gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị mmanye iwu na-ebubata mmadụ isii, ma soro gọọmentị mba ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma n'ọnọdụ nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na mba ụwa. Enweghị ndị ọrụ gọọmentị a kpagburu ma ọ bụ maa ha ikpe maka nrụrụ aka metụtara ịzụ ahịa, ọ bụ ezie na n'oge akụkọ ahụ, a kwụsịrị otu onye ọrụ gọọmentị ma mechaa chụọ ya n'ọrụ maka itinye aka na atụmatụ ọrụ mmanye metụtara ndị ntorobịa China; ndị ọchịchị ka na-enyocha ikpe ahụ.<ref name="dos"/> Maka iwu ịgba akwụna na njem mmekọahụ maka ndị ọbịa, gọọmentị na-azọrọ na ọ na-enye ndị na-abanye na mba ahụ ikpe siri ike na-akpọsa na / ma ọ bụ na-agba ume ịzụ ahịa na ịgba akwụna nke mmadụ na ụmụaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/CostaRica.html|title=Costa Rica International Travel Information|work=travel.state.gov|accessdate=2019-04-02|archivedate=2019-04-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402222406/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/CostaRica.html}}</ref> Iji hụ na nchekwa nke ụmụaka ma chebe ha megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ, gọọmentị nwere ụlọ ọrụ onye ọka iwu nwere ngalaba ikpe pụrụ iche megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ebe ndị uwe ojii na-enyocha ikpe na Mịnịstrị nke Ọrụ na Nchebe Ọha (MTSS) na-arụ ọrụ iji nyochaa ikpe nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ megide ụmụaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/costa-rica|title=Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Costa Rica|date=2016-09-30|work=United States Department of Labor|accessdate=2019-04-03}}</ref> === Nchedo === Gọọmentị Costa Rica anọgidewo na-ahụ na ndị na-azụ ahịa nwetara ohere ịnweta ọkwa dị mkpa nke enyemaka ndị a na-azụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ. Gọọmentị nyere ụfọdụ ndị isi ọzụzụ banyere otu esi emeso ndị na-azụ ahịa; Otú ọ dị, a kọrọ na enwebeghị mgbalị ọ bụla iji chọọ ndị na-azụ ahịa n'etiti ndị na-adịghị ike, dị ka ụmụnwanyị ma ọ bụ ụmụaka na-agba akwụna. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ọrụ nchekwa gọọmentị nyere maka ndị na-azụ ahịa mmadụ, gọọmentị zigara ụfọdụ ndị a na-ahụ maka nlekọta bụ isi na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị maka ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka. Gọọmentị na-adaberekarị na NGO na òtù okpukpe iji nye nlekọta pụrụ iche maka ndị na-azụ ahịa, ọ dịghịkwa ebe obibi ma ọ bụ nchebe maka ndị nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2015/243420.htm|title=Costa Rica|work=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30}}</ref> Ndị mba ọzọ ruru eru maka otu ọrụ ahụ dị ka ụmụ amaala Costa Rica. Gọọmentị "usoro nlebara anya ozugbo" kọwara nzọụkwụ maka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị dị iche iche iji chọpụta, chọpụta, chebe ma nye enyemaka jikọtara onye a na-emegbu, na-ahụ maka ngwa ngwa nyere ndị ọrụ nye mmadụ abụọ nwere ike ịzụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Gọọmentị nyere ụfọdụ enyemaka iwu na nke uche, ọ bụ ezie na NGO kwuru mkpa ọ dị maka mgbalị gọọmentị ka ukwuu iji weghachite ndị metụtara n'ime obodo ha.<ref name="Refugees"/> Gọọmentị n'ozuzu ya anaghị ata ndị a tara ahụhụ maka omume iwu na-akwadoghị mere n'ihi ịzụ ahịa. Otú ọ dị, ndị isi mesoro ụfọdụ ndị mbịarambịa toro eto dị ka ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị, ma chụpụ ha n'emeghị ihe zuru oke iji chọpụta ma ha bụ ndị na-azụ ahịa, na ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa gọọmentị kọrọ bụ ụmụ amaala mba ọzọ. Ndị mba ọzọ ruru eru maka akwụkwọ ikike ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, gọọmentị nwekwara ndokwa iji nye ndị na-azụ ahịa mba ọzọ visa pụrụ iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ndị ọ bụla natara nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a dị n'elu n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Iwu mbata ọhụrụ, nke dị irè n'ọnwa Machị 2010, na-enye ikike ọnọdụ obibi nwa oge kpọmkwem maka ndị na-azụ ahịa mba ọzọ. Ndị ọchịchị mba Costa Rica gbara ndị omekome ume ka ha nyere aka na nyocha na ikpe nke ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa, gọọmentị mepụtara usoro nchedo ndị akaebe n'afọ gara aga maka ndị omekome, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-arụbeghị ọrụ nke ọma.<ref name="dos"/> N'afọ 2017, e guzobere Institutional Protocol for the Care of Minors and Survivors of Trafficking in Persons iji chọpụta mpụ. National Coalition against Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons (CONATT) na-enye ọrụ maka ndị lanarịrị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere nri, ụlọ, ego, iwu, na akparamaagwa.<ref name=":0"/> === Òtù Na-emegide Ịtụ mgbere Ahịa === N'afọ 2016, gọọmentị Costa Rica sonyeere Blue Heart Campaign, nke UNODC mepụtara iji nyere gọọmentị, òtù, na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ụlọ ọrụ onwe ha aka ikpughe, gbochie, ma lụọ ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ime mba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2016/November/costa-rica-joins-the-blue-heart-campaign.html|title=Costa Rica joins the Blue Heart Campaign|work=www.unodc.org|accessdate=2019-04-01}}</ref> Mee ka ọha na eze mara na agụmakwụkwọ ga-enye aka n'ịchọpụta na iwepụ ịzụ ahịa n'ime obodo. N'afọ sochirinụ, 2017, nke ugboro ise, Costa Rica na Panama jikọtara ọnụ iji nwee njem na mba ọ bụla nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkụziri ma mee ka a mata ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na otú ụmụ amaala nwere ike isi mata ma gbochie ya n'ime mba ha, nke ndị mmanye iwu Costa Rica na Panamainan na-akwado.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://programamesoamerica.iom.int/en/news/panama-and-costa-rica-walk-together-against-human-trafficking|title=Panama and Costa Rica walk together against human trafficking {{!}} Mesoamerica Program|work=programamesoamerica.iom.int|accessdate=2019-04-01|archivedate=2019-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401214040/http://programamesoamerica.iom.int/en/news/panama-and-costa-rica-walk-together-against-human-trafficking}}</ref> Òtù ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime Costa Rica maka igbochi ịzụ ahịa nke ndị mmadụ bụ Face of Justice Association, ebe ha na-azụ ma ndị uwe ojii ma ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mba ahụ niile iji kụziere ha banyere ndị na-azụ ahịa na otu esi amata ma kpochapụ ya. Fundación Paniamor bụ otu nzukọ dị na Costa Rica nke Costa Rican Steeti kwupụtara na ọ bụ mmasị ọha na eze site na Iwu n'afọ 1989 n'ihi mbọ ha siri ike ha na-agba inye ohere maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ka ha wee nwee ike izere ịzụ ahịa na mmegbu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paniamor.org/who-we-are|title=Paniamor - Quiénes somos|work=www.paniamor.org|accessdate=2019-04-01|archivedate=2019-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401214040/https://www.paniamor.org/who-we-are}}</ref> Ụfọdụ NGO na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na Costa Rica gụnyere: Alianza por tus Derecho bụ nzukọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke na-ezube ịmepụta mmemme ndị na-akwalite ma kwado ikike ụmụ mmadụ ụmụaka nwere iji kpochapụ mmegbu na mmegbu ha na-atachi obi n'oge ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/who-are-we/mision-and-vision|title=Mision and vision {{!}} Alianza por tus Derechos|work=en.alianzaportusderechos.org|accessdate=2019-04-18|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418144836/http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/who-are-we/mision-and-vision}}</ref> Ụfọdụ mmemme ha na-enye gụnyere usoro nkwado uche nke gụnyere ọgwụgwọ onye ọ bụla na ọgwụgwọ ezinụlọ iji dozie ahụike uche ha mgbe ha na-edozi ihere ọha na eze n'etiti ezinụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/article/psychological-support/|title=Psychological support {{!}} Alianza por tus Derechos|work=en.alianzaportusderechos.org|accessdate=2019-04-18|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418144837/http://en.alianzaportusderechos.org/article/psychological-support/}}</ref> Gọọmentị kwadoro mgbalị mgbochi siri ike n'ime afọ akụkọ ahụ, na-azụ ndị isi ma na-eji mmekọrịta na NGO, òtù mba ụwa, na gọọmentị mba ọzọ iji mee ka ọha na eze mara banyere ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Gọọmentị, na mmekorita ya na UNICEF na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ, gara n'ihu na mkpọsa mgbochi mgbochi ịzụ ahịa, nke ruru pasent iri ise nke ndị okenye na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'etiti Ọktoba 2008 na Juun 2009. Gọọmentị n'afọ 2018 ekwela nkwa $ 25,000 nke mmefu ego ya iji gaa na mmemme a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2009/123135.htm|title=Country Narratives -- Countries A Through C|work=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}}{{Americas topic|Human trafficking in}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 79cq73dtviwzvbuorhm3b4kwhrynq4a 0 13217 727777 123862 2026-09-25T01:28:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Georgia_(orthographic_projection_with_inset).svg|thumb|Map nke Georgia na-egosipụta ókèala esemokwu nke Abkhazia na South Ossetia]] '''Ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na mba Georgia''' bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ebe a na-amanye ndị mmadụ ịgba akwụna na ọrụ mmanye. N'afọ 2009, a manyere ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ si Georgia ịgba akwụna na mba Georgia, [[Turkéy|Turkey]], United Arab Emirates, na [[Greece|Gris]], na n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e dekwara ikpe nke ịgba akwụna nke ndị mba Georgia na [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]], [[Jémanị|Germany]], na [[Austria]]. A manyere ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị ịrụ ọrụ na Georgia, [[Libya]] na Turkey. A na-amanyekwa ụmụnwoke si Turkey ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara Abkhazia, nke dị n'èzí nchịkwa gọọmentị Georgia.<ref name="dos"/> Gọọmentị Georgia na-agbaso ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa. Gọọmentị gosipụtara mgbalị siri ike iji chọpụta ma nyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka ma mụbaa ego enyemaka ya ọzọ ruo $ 312,000. Gọọmentị gosikwara ihe ịga nke ọma dị egwu nke ndị mmanye iwu, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a mara ikpe maka ịzụ ahịa, ma hụ ọzọ na ndị omekome niile a mara ikpe na-eje ozi oge ụfọdụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Gọọmentị mba Georgia gosikwara mgbalị mgbochi siri ike ma gaa n'ihu na mmekọrịta chiri anya ya na ndị NGO na-emegide ịzụ ahịa na enyemaka ndị metụtara na mgbalị mgbochi.<ref name="dos"/> Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 1" n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> == Ịtụ mgbere ahịa ndị ntorobịa na ọrụ mmekọahụ == [[Usòrò:Trafficking_of_women,_children_and_men.png|thumb|300x300px|Atụmatụ na-egosi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-elekwasị anya kpọmkwem na ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka. A na-edepụta Georgia na map dị ka ebe a na-azụ ahịa maka 'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ndị mmadụ'.]] Ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá na Georgia, bụ ndị nwere ike imegbu site na ịtụ mgbere ahịa. Ma ọ bụ site na ịrịọ arịrịọ ma ọ bụ izu ohi site n'aka ndị ọzọ, gụnyere nne na nna ha, a na-ewere ngalaba a nke ndị bi na ya dị ka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref name="State">{{Cite web|author=Government|title=State Gov|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/192367.htm|publisher=Government|accessdate=1 May 2013}}</ref> Ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na akụ na ụba obodo mepere emepe na-enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ mmanye.<ref name="State" /> Ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka bụ nnukwu nchegbu n'ime mpaghara a. A na-azụ ahịa ọtụtụ puku ụmụaka bi n'okporo ámá na n'ụlọ ụmụ mgbei kwa afọ.<ref name="State"/> A manyere ụfọdụ ezinụlọ na-enwe nsogbu akụ na ụba ka ha kewaa, nke mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka bi n'okporo ámá na Georgia mụbaa.<ref name="State" /> Nke a bụ nsonaazụ kpọmkwem nke nrụgide ezinụlọ na ụmụaka, nke na-edugakarị na ndị ntorobịa na-eche na ọ bụ ha nwere ike iji kwado ezinụlọ n'oge ihe isi ike, site na iweta ego site n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị.<ref name="State" /> Dị ka akụkụ buru ibu nke ụmụaka, ndị nwere ike ịdaba n'ime mpaghara ịtụ mgbere ahịa, bụ ndị mbụ a na-ahụ dị ka ndị ntorobịa na ụmụaka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na ọnụ ọgụgụ na UNICEF mere atụmatụ na pasent 28.8 nke ụmụaka dị afọ 5 ruo afọ 14 na Georgia na-arụ ọrụ n'afọ 1999.<ref name="State"/> Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ezinụlọ, na ọrụ ugbo n'ime ime obodo, enwere akụkọ banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụmụaka, ụfọdụ dị afọ 5, na-arịọ arịrịọ ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ n'okporo ámá.<ref name="State" /> A na-ahụ ụmụaka dị afọ itoolu na-arụ ọrụ n'ahịa, mgbe ụfọdụ n'abalị, ma na-etinye aka n'iburu ma ọ bụ ibu ngwongwo.<ref name="State" /> Ụmụaka na-arụkwa ọrụ na cafes, bistros, gas stations, na ndị na-ese foto n'okporo ámá. Uru nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na-akọwa echiche na ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka ndị a na-arụ ọrụ nọ n'obodo, na-emegide ịrụ ọrụ n'ime oke nchebe nke ụlọ ha. Ịpụ n'èzí ụlọ iji rụọ ọrụ n'ime obodo mgbe ọ dị obere na-ekere òkè n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịbụ onye ntorobịa na mpaghara a. Dị ka Kọmitii UN na Rights of the Child si kwuo, ime ihe ike ndị uwe ojii megide ụmụaka n'okporo ámá bụ nsogbu.<ref name="State" /> N'ozuzu, enweghị ọrụ nchekwa ọha na eze maka ụmụaka bi n'okporo ámá, ndị nwere nkwarụ ma ọ bụ site na ezinụlọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.<ref name="State" /> A na-azụkarị ụmụaka, ọkachasị ụmụagbọghọ na-eto eto maka ebumnuche nke mmegbu mmekọahụ nke ụmụaka, ọkachasị maka ịgba akwụna na ihe ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ.<ref name="State"/> N'afọ 2003, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kọrọ ikpe iri abụọ na anọ edebanyere aha maka iji ụmụaka na ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ na ịtụ mgbere ahịa.<ref name="State" /> Ibu a nwere ike ibute mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke nwanyị ka ha tozuru etozu na ahụike mmekọahụ ha, yana nchegbu banyere nkwụsi ike uche ha.<ref name="State" /> Gọọmentị Georgia na-agbaso ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa ebe ụmụaka na-etinye aka.<ref name="Labor">{{Cite web|title=United States Bureau of International Labor|url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/georgia.htm|publisher=United States|accessdate=1 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017050457/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/georgia.htm|archivedate=17 October 2012}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. United States. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017050457/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/georgia.htm the original] on 17 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> N'ime afọ ahụ, Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkachamara obodo gosipụtara nchegbu dị ukwuu banyere echiche gọọmentị banyere nsogbu ịzụ ahịa ya na enweghị mgbalị dị irè na ọkara mbụ nke oge akụkọ iji chọpụta ndị omekome a dị egwu metụtara.<ref name="Labor" /> N'ime oge akụkọ ahụ, gọọmentị mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpe ịzụ ahịa a na-enyocha na pasent nke ikpe nke kpatara ikpe nke ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa.<ref name="Labor" /> Gọọmentị mụbara ego dị ukwuu maka ọzụzụ mgbochi ịtụ mgbere ahịa na ọrụ mgbochi ịzụ ahịa, gụnyere na mmefu ego nke ebe obibi ya maka ndị metụtara.<ref name="Labor" /> Gọọmentị mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị isi Georgia nyere ọzụzụ banyere njirimara ndị ahụ.<ref name="Labor" /> == Mkpesa == Gọọmentị mba Georgia gosipụtara mmụba nke ndị mmanye iwu n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Georgia machibidoro ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ site na Nkeji edemede 143 nke iwu mpụ ya, nke na-enye ntaramahụhụ sitere na mkpọrọ afọ asaa ruo afọ iri abụọ. Ntaramahụhụ ndị a siri ike nke ọma ma kwekọọ na nke mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike. N'afọ 2009, gọọmentị nyochara ikpe ịzụ ahịa iri atọ na atọ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nyocha iri na anọ n'afọ 2008. Ndị ọchịchị gbara mmadụ iri anọ ikpe maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa - gụnyere mmadụ atọ maka ọrụ mmanye - ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ iri a gbara akwụkwọ maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ n'afọ 2008.<ref name="dos">"Georgia". [https://web.archive.org/web/20100618114845/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142760.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}</ref> A mara ndị omekome iri atọ na asaa ikpe n'afọ 2009, mmụba dị ukwuu site na ndị omekome iri a mara ikpe n'afọ 2008. A mara ndị omekome 37 niile a mara ikpe maka ịzụ ahịa ikpe ịga mkpọrọ; ọ dịghị onye natara ikpe a kwụsịrị. Nkezi ikpe ahụ bụ mkpọrọ afọ iri abụọ na otu. Enweghị akụkọ ọ bụla gbasara ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu sitere na NGO ma ọ bụ gọọmentị. N'afọ 2009, gọọmentị dabere na mmekorita ya na NGO obodo na òtù mba ụwa iji nye ihe dị ka ndị ọkàiwu na ndị ọka ikpe 170 ọzụzụ ịzụ ahịa. Ọzụzụ ahụ lekwasịrị anya na usoro maka njirimara ndị a tara ahụhụ, usoro pụrụ iche maka nyocha na nchịkọta ihe akaebe, na usoro ikpe, ma gosipụta mkpa mmekọrịta ya na NGO, ndị ọrụ ebere, na ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ndị metụtara.<ref name="dos"/> == Nchedo == Gọọmentị mba Georgia nọgidere na-agba mbọ enyemaka ndị metụtara ya n'ime oge akụkọ ahụ. Gọọmentị kenyere ngụkọta nke $ 312,000 maka enyemaka ndị metụtara n'oge akụkọ ahụ; nke ahụ, o nyere $ 150,000 iji kwado ụlọ ahịa abụọ gọọmentị na-azụ ahịa, otu ego ahụ e nyere na 2008. Ebe nchekwa ndị a nyere enyemaka zuru oke, gụnyere enyemaka ahụike, ndụmọdụ gbasara akparamàgwà mmadụ, na enyemaka iwu. Enyemaka ndị e merụrụ ahụ enweghị ọnọdụ na ha na ndị mmanye iwu na-arụkọ ọrụ. Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-etinye usoro iwu maka ndị isi ya iji chọpụta ma kpọga ndị metụtara maka enyemaka. Gọọmentị chọpụtara mmadụ iri anọ na asatọ n'afọ 2009 ma zigara mmadụ iri na ise maka enyemaka, mmụba site na mmadụ iri abụọ na otu na-azụ ahịa a chọpụtara n'afọ 2008. Gọọmentị nyere ebe obibi na enyemaka zuru oke nye mmadụ iri na ise, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmadụ iri nwụrụ n'afọ 2008. Gọọmentị mekwara ka ụgwọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ otu oge nke $ 650 nye ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa na 2009. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị ndị metụtara tinyere akwụkwọ maka ego ahụ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. E nyere mmadụ ise e gburu $ 600 n'otu n'afọ 2008. Ndị ọchịchị Georgia nyere ndị mba ọzọ metụtara iwu ọzọ iji wepụ ha na mba ebe ha ga-eche ihe isi ike ma ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ ihu; Iwu gbasara ọnọdụ iwu nke ndị mba ọzọ nyere onye mba ọzọ a na-enyo enyo na ọ bụ onye na-azụ ahịa ikike inweta ikike obibi maọbụ ọ bụrụ na ndị ọchịchị enweghị ike igosi n'enweghị obi abụọ na onye ahụ bụ onye a tara ahụhụ. N'afọ 2009, ọ dịghị onye mba ọzọ ọ bụla rịọrọ ikike obibi. Gọọmentị na IOM jikọrọ aka ma nye ego zuru ezu maka iweghachite otu onye mba ọzọ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. A gbara ndị e gburu ume ka ha nyere ndị mmanye iwu aka na nyocha ịzụ ahịa na ikpe; mmadụ iri na asatọ metụtara nyere ndị mmanye iwu aka n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Enweghị akụkọ ọ bụla na a na-ata ndị a tara ahụhụ maka omume iwu na-akwadoghị mere n'ihi ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="dos"/> Gọọmentị Georgia kwadoro mgbalị ya iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Gọọmentị mepụtara ma gbasaa n'ime ọnwa isii mbụ nke afọ 2009 obere ọkwa ọrụ ọha na eze na telivishọn na-akọwa ọdịdị na ihe ize ndụ nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị mepụtara ọkwa telivishọn dị mkpirikpi nke na-elekwasị anya na ụmụaka nọ n'afọ akwụkwọ nke isiokwu ya bụ "Do Not Trade Freedom for Slavery," nke a na-egosi mgbe niile na telivishọn.<ref name="dos"/> Gọọmentị Georgia meziwanye ọrụ mgbochi ịzụ ahịa ya n'afọ 2011 ma mee ka mmekorita ya na NGO dịkwuo ukwuu iji mee mkpọsa mgbochi.<ref name="Labor"/> Gọọmentị malitere ịme iwu na Disemba 2011. Ha mere nke a site n'inye ngalaba ndị isi ikike na nke mbụ ya inye onyinye nye NGO.<ref name="Labor" /> Dabere na iwu a, gọọmentị nyere obere onyinye nye NGO abụọ na mbido afọ 2012 iji rụọ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị metụtara mmata ọha na eze banyere ịzụ ahịa na ozi metụtara njirimara ndị metụtara.<ref name="Labor" /> Ọ batakwara na memoranda nke nghọta na ndị NGO na-eduga iji gbasaa ma hazie imekọ ihe ọnụ n'idozi ịzụ ahịa.<ref name="Labor" /> N'ime afọ ahụ, gọọmentị mere ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi site na iji ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi, gụnyere ọkwa ọrụ ọha na eze, nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe, na mgbasa ozi telivishọn na mba ahụ niile.<ref name="Labor"/> Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndebanye aha obodo gara n'ihu na omume ya nke ikesa ihe karịrị akwụkwọ nta 20,000 metụtara ịzụ ahịa mgbe ọ na-enye ụmụ amaala paspọtụ ọhụrụ.<ref name="Labor" /> Gọọmentị mekwara ọtụtụ ihe omume mgbasa ozi gụnyere ụfọdụ lekwasịrị anya na akụkụ dị elu nke ndị bi na ya, dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ime obodo, na agbụrụ dị nta bi na mpaghara ndị ahụ, yikarịrị ka a ga-amata ha dị ka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu.<ref name="Labor" /> Ihe omume gụnyere ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka panel, nyocha ihe nkiri, mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ, na asọmpi edemede, ihe niile nyere nnyocha yana echiche mgbochi gbasara ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na mba ahụ.<ref name="Labor" /> Gọọmentị kesara ndị na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa 10,000 na-enye ego maka ndị na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa, gụnyere ndị mmanye iwu na ndị ọrụ ókèala.<ref name="Labor" /> N'ikwekọ na NGO, gọọmentị tinyere mpempe akwụkwọ mgbochi ịzụ ahịa na bọs ndị na-agafe ókèala ma kesaa mpempe akwụkwọ ọtụtụ asụsụ nye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala gwongworo na-agafe ókèala na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Labor" /> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, ndị ọchịchị mepụtara kọmitii dị elu, nke na-eduzi iji lekọta mmejuputa ọrụ EU na-akwụ ụgwọ iji lebara ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá anya.<ref name="Labor" /> N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2011, gọọmentị kwadoro atụmatụ ọhụrụ ya megide ịzụ ahịa nke afọ 2011-2012, nke e mepụtara site na mmekorita ya na ndị otu NGO.<ref name="Labor" /> N'ihi na ha lekwasịrị anya na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na ụmụaka kpọmkwem, n'oge akụkọ ahụ, gọọmentị amaliteghị mkpọsa ọ bụla iji belata ọchịchọ maka azụmahịa mmekọahụ.<ref name="Labor" /> == Leekwa == * Ihe ruuru mmadụ na Georgia (mba) * Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Europe == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] phj14hdb5qucpvwj4ya1vwvivlnnpot 0 13259 727833 706794 2026-09-25T05:27:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Forster|first=Christine M. (University of New South Wales, Sydney)|title=Public Interest Litigation and Human Rights Implementation: The Indian and Australian Experience|url=https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/research/bitstream/handle/10453/10475/2007005097OK.pdf#page=4|publisher=The Berkeley Electronic Press|year=2008|accessdate=8 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210072159/https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/research/bitstream/handle/10453/10475/2007005097OK.pdf#page=4|archivedate=10 December 2014}}</ref>Iwu mmasị ọha na eze na-ezo aka na omume iwu a na-eme iji nyere ndị ogbenye, ndị a na-ekewaghị ekewa, ma ọ bụ ndị a na-anọchi anya ya aka, ma ọ bụ ime mgbanwe n'usoro iwu ọha na eze maka ọdịmma ọha na eze, na okwu 'abụghị maka uru' (pro bono publico), na-abụkarị n'ọhịa nke ikike obodo, nnwere onwe obodo, nnwere onwe okpukperechi, ikike mmadụ, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ikike ndị ahịa, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'okwu a na-eme ememe 1905, Louis Brandeis katọrọ ndị ọrụ iwu, na-eme mkpesa na "ndị ọkàiwu nwere ike ikwe ka ha bụrụ ndị na-akwado nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ma na-eleghara ọrụ ha nke iji ike ha na-echebe ndị mmadụ anya. "<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200103042235/https://www.pilnet.org/component/docman/doc_download/35-pursuing-the-public-interest-a-handbook-for-legal.html Edwin Rekosh, et al.,ed. "Pursuing the Public Interest, A Handbook for Legal Professionals and Activists"] (Scott L. Cummings, The Politics of Pro Bono, 52 UCLA L. Rev. 1, 13-14 (2004)</ref> Na odịnala o gosipụtara, ụkpụrụ omume nkịtị maka ndị ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ọha na eze na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-mbulie elu nke mba ka "na-alụ ọgụ maka obere nwoke".<ref name="Cummings">Scott L. Cummings & Ingrid V. Eagly, After Public Interest Law, NWU L. Rev. 1251, 1251-1259, 2075-2077(2006)</ref> == Site na ikike == === Etiti Nchịkọta na Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe === Na njedebe nke oge ndị 'Kọmunist' na mmalite 1990s, usoro iwu mba nke Central na Eastern Europe ka nọ n'ọkwa na-emepụta ihe. Ebe kachasị mkpa nke ikike iwu maka òtù ọhụrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ si n'èzí ahụ pụta: Ndị nchịkọta obodo Europe, na European Convention na ikike mmadụ na ụlọ iwu Europe gbasara Ikike ndị mmadu.<ref name="Rekosh">Edwin Rekosh, Constructing Public Interest Law: Transnational Collaboration and Exchange in Central and Eastern Europe, 13 UCLA J. Int'l L.& For. Aff.55, 80-82</ref> Dị ka oge na-aga, n'etiti 1990s, ahụmahụ US bịara dị mkpa. Iwu Council of Europe na ndị ọka iwu na-eji ụlọ ikpe obodo ha na-ebu ụzọ chọọ ọgwụgwọ iwu tupu ha atụgharị gaa na ndị otu Europe ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ ihe na-eme ka a na-eme ka ahụ, na òtù ọha mmadụ malitere iji usoro ikpe nke ụlọ mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè karị. Mana ka ọ na-erule oge ndị na-eme ihe n'ime obodo dị njikere ịtụle uru nke ịgba akwụkwọ gbasara mmetụta, ikpe ule, na ụzọ ndị ọzọ maara nke ọma na ahụmịhe US, ha aghọtalarị na ngwa ọgụ kacha mma ha na mpempe akwụkwọ ọ bụla bụ iji iyi egwu ma ọ bụ eziokwu nke a. mkpebi nkwado n'Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Europe. N'iburu nzụlite a n'uche, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya maka ndị na-akwalite iwu gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze na Central na Eastern Europe ikwu okwu banyere "mkpesa atụmatụ" karịa gbasara ịgba akwụkwọ gbasara mmasị ọha. Iji ngwá ọrụ nke Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Europe na-achọ n'ụzọ dị irè ụzọ atụmatụ. Ọ bụghị ikpe niile gbasara ikike mmadụ nwere ike nweta mkpebi dị mma; Mkpebi na-adịghị mma nwere ike imebi ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ karịa enweghị ikpe ma ọlị. Ụlọikpe Europe nwere iwu ikpe bara ụba nke nwere ike inye nkọwa maka otu a ga-esi kpee ikpe n'ọdịnihu, e nwekwara akụkụ usoro, dị ka ihe a chọrọ iji kpochapụ ọgwụgwọ ụlọ, iji tụle. Isi ihe mmụta sitere na ahụmịhe United States maka ndị na-eme ihe ike n'obodo bụ otú e nwere ike isi jiri ụlọ ikpe mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka itinye aka na eze na ọchịchị.<ref name="Rekosh">Edwin Rekosh, Constructing Public Interest Law: Transnational Collaboration and Exchange in Central and Eastern Europe, 13 UCLA J. Int'l L.& For. Aff.55, 80-82</ref> === Ịtali === Mgbanwe ndị a gbanwere na iwu ntuli aka nke [[Italy|Ịtali]] site na 2014 ruo 2017 bụ "n'ihi omume ndị a mụrụ site na ala (...) nsonaazụ nke usoro, ọmụmụ na nkwekọrịta. Ndị prọfesọ mahadum, ndị na-eme iwu na ntuli aka, ndị omeiwu na ndị nnọchi anya ndị ọzọ ahọpụtara (...), ndị nnọchi anya ọha mmadụ na ụmụ amaala nkịtị gosipụtara ya. Aha ha bụ, dị ka ndị na-eme ntuli aka, n'ihe karịrị arịrịọ mmeghe iri abụọ (nhota ma ọ bụ arịrịọ), ha niile wetara pro bono. === China (mainland) === Iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze (公益法) bụ okwu a nabatara na China, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ndị bụ isi na-akwado iwu ka dị oke ọhụrụ. China enweghị usoro iwu nkịtị nke a na-atụ anya na ndị ọka iwu ga-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na "ime iwu". Ka o sina dị, obere obodo ma dị irè nke ndị ọka iwu enwetawo nnabata nke ikpe gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze dị ka ụzọ ziri ezi iji dozie nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma nye aka na ọha mmadụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị emeela ka mmanye ikike maka ndị ọrụ si mba ọzọ, ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụaka na ndị na-ata ahụhụ site na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi, tinyere ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ọha na eze na China agbaala akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe n'ụzọ gara nke ọma na-agbagha iyi egwu mmekọahụ n'ebe ọrụ na njide ndị nwere ahụ ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ uche.<ref>Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2011 Annual Report, Parts II and III (October 10, 2011), available at {{Cite web|url=http://www.cecc.gov/pages/annualRpt/annualRpt11/AR2011final.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213223223/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/annualRpt/annualRpt11/AR2011final.pdf|archivedate=2013-02-13}}; see generally R.P. Peerenboom, China's Long March toward Rule of Law (Cambridge University Press, 2002)</ref> Ndị China na-eme mgbanwe kwenyere na otu ụzọ iji mee ngwa ngwa mmepe nke iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze bụ itinye n'ọrụ iwu mmekọrịta nke òtù nwere ike ịkpalite ikpe iji chebe ọdịmma nke ndị otu ya. Ugbu a, [mgbe?<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> Iwu Usoro Obodo nke China na-aga n'ihu. Otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị a tụrụ aro ga-emepụta ụdị nguzo mmekọrịta. N'echiche, iwu ọhụrụ ahụ ga-enye ndị NGO dị n'ime obodo ikike ịgba akwụkwọ n'aha nke ha n'aha ndị otu ha, mana mmezigharị ahụ a tụrụ aro emeela ka arụmụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ọdịnihu ya edoghị anya. [isi iyi a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya?<ref>{{Cite news|title=Draft limits scale of class-action lawsuits|work=[[China Daily]]|date=April 24, 2012|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-04/25/content_15131945.htm|archive-date=September 27, 2022|access-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927083740/http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-04/25/content_15131945.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> === Hong Kong === Na Hong Kong iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze bụ ngalaba na-apụta. Isi ụgbọala maka ịchụso ebubo ọdịmma ọha na eze bụ nyocha ikpe. Nke a bụ usoro a na-agbagha mkpebi gọọmentị n'ụlọ ikpe. Enweela mmụba n'okwu nyocha ikpe kemgbe afọ 2000. Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike ndị nta so n'ime ebe ndị a na-ekpe ikpe.<ref>See for example, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220501205021/https://www.hklii.hk/cgi-bin/sinodisp/eng/hk/cases/hkcfa/2004/27.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=title(Society%2520for%2520Protection%2520of%2520the%2520Harbour%2520Ltd%2520and%2520Town%2520Planning%2520Board) Society for Protection of the Harbour Ltd v Town Planning Board] [2004] 1 HKLRD 396; [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030701/http://www.hklii.hk/cgi-bin/sinodisp/eng/hk/cases/hkcfi/2007/757.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=Clean%20Air%20Foundation%20Ltd Clean Air Foundation Ltd v The Government of the HKSAR] [2007] HKEC 1356.</ref><ref>See for example, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030658/http://www.hklii.hk/cgi-bin/sinodisp/eng/hk/cases/hkcfa/2013/39.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=title(W%20and%20Registrar%20of%20Marriages) W v Registrar of Marriages] [2013] HKCFA 39; [https://web.archive.org/web/20210630035206/https://www.hklii.hk/cgi-bin/sinodisp/eng/hk/cases/hkcfa/2013/17.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=Vallejos%2520Evangeline%2520Banao Vallejos Evangeline Banao v Commissioner of Registration & Anor] [2013] HKCFA 17.</ref> Otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ na iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze na Hong Kong bụ Pamela Baker. N'ọgwụgwụ afọ ndị 1980, ọ gbara ọtụtụ ikpe dị ịrịba ama n'ụlọ ikpe na-agbagha mmeso gọọmentị na-emeso ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Vietnam.<ref>Robertson, Geoffrey. [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/apr/27/guardianobituaries ''"Pam Baker"''], ''"[[The Guardian]]"'', Saturday 27 April 2002. Retrieved 4 April 2014.</ref> N'afọ 1995, e guzobere Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite nchedo ikike mmadụ na Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hkhrm.org.hk|title=基本法第廿三條|work=www.hkhrm.org.hk|accessdate=2020-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019064547/http://www.hkhrm.org.hk/|archivedate=2006-10-19}}</ref> Taa, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọka iwu na-anọchite anya ụmụ amaala na ndị otu na-elekọta mmadụ na ikike mmadụ na ikpe iwu ọha na eze na-agbanwe agbanwe na Hong Kong bụkwa ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'èzí ụlọ ikpe.<ref>Tam, Waikeung. ''"Political Transition and the Rise of Cause lawyering: The Case of Hong Kong"'' 3 [2010] 35 Law & Social Inquiry 663, 664.</ref> Ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu na Hong Kong na-ahazi mmemme dị iche iche iji kwalite echiche nke ọrụ iwu ''pro bono'' nye ụmụ akwụkwọ.<ref name="hkuscheme">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ke.hku.hk/eng/highlights/2010/legal|title=KE Spotlight - Community Engagement - HKU Knowledge Exchange|work=www.ke.hku.hk|accessdate=2022-05-01|archivedate=2017-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009030717/http://www.ke.hku.hk/eng/highlights/2010/legal}}</ref> Kọmitii Pro bono nke ụlọ ọrụ iwu na Hong Kong na-ezukọkwa kwa ọnwa na Hong Kong Legal Community Roundtable, nnọkọ maka ụlọ ọrụ iwu mba ụwa iji kwurịta mmepe nke ọrụ pro bono na Hong Kong na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>Mayer Brown LLP, [http://www.mayerbrown.com/files/Publication/d3066e31-ce28-4bef-8230-0ae6dc5897d2/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/575b4443-1989-4db6-be21-19736d732225/ProBonoUpdate_042010.pdf "Pro Bono Update" (Spring 2010)], page 19.</ref> === India === "Public Interest Litigation" ma ọ bụ ikike PIL kemgbe ọ malitere na usoro ikpe [[Ndia|India]], egosila ụfọdụ ezi ihe atụ nke ichebe ikike nke ndị India ma wusie ọnọdụ nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke India ike dị ka onye nlekọta kachasị mma nke ikike ndị dị mkpa nke edepụtara na Iwu India.<ref name="Mother of PIL">{{Cite news|author=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|title=Starting the PIL revolution|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/starting-the-pil-revolution/571616/|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Indian Express|date=26 January 2010}}</ref> E webatara ya na India n'ihe dị ka afọ 1979-80 site n'aka ndị ọka ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer tinyere Justice P. N. Bhagwati . Kemgbe ahụ, enwere oge mgbe Ụlọikpe na-achọsi ike ikpebi okwu ndị dị mkpa n'ihu ọha n'egbughị oge, dị ka ikpe dị na Shyam sundar ebe ụlọ ikpe nabatara okwu ahụ ọbụna mgbe e mere ngwa ahụ site na akwụkwọ ozi ezitere site na post. === Saụt Afrịka === Saụt Afrịka ahụla nnukwu ikpe gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze n'akụkọ iwu ya. N'oge ọchịchị colonial na apartheid, a na-eji ikpe gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze dị ka ngwá ọrụ mgba iji guzogide iwu na-ezighị ezi. N'oge ngwụcha oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ site na 1979, e guzobere òtù atọ nwere mmasị ọha na eze: Legal Resources Centre, Centre for Applied Legal Studies na Lawyers for Human Rights. N'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na usoro iwu nke na-emegide ọdịmma ọha na eze, ha nwetara ụfọdụ ihe ịga nke ọma na-emegide mwepụ mmanye na-asọmpi usoro iwu ngafe na iwu ndị ọzọ na-akpa ókè agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Politics by Other Means: Law in the Struggle against Apartheid, 1980-1994|url=https://archive.org/details/politicsbyotherm0000abel|author=Abel|first=Richard L.|publisher=Routledge|year=1995|isbn=0-415-90817-5|location=New York}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ejirila ikpe mee ihe dị ka atụmatụ maka iguzogide, ọkachasị site n'aka ndị ọka iwu ojii mbụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha so na ndị guzobere African National Congress.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Land is Ours: South Africa's First Black Lawyers and the Birth of Constitutionalism|author=Ngcukaitobi|first=Tembeka|publisher=Penguin|year=2018|isbn=978 1 77609 2857|location=Cape Town}}</ref> N'ịgbaso mgbanwe na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, Iwu nke Republic of South Africa webatara mgbanwe dị ukwuu na usoro iwu nke mere ka ikpe gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze, gụnyere Iwu nke Ikike, iwu sara mbara nke iguzo na ikike mmezi maka ụlọ ikpe. Kemgbe afọ 1995, ngalaba na-ahụ maka ikpe gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze nke South Africa etoola, ebe e guzobere ọtụtụ òtù ndị ọkachamara, n'akụkụ òtù ndị okenye. Kemgbe ahụ, Saụt Afrịka ahụla ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ọha na eze na-achọ ime ka nkwa mgbanwe nke Iwu ahụ mezuo, ọkachasị iji mee ka ikike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba na ịkwado ụlọ ọrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Public Interest Litigation in South Africa|author=Brickhill|first=Jason|publisher=Juta|year=2018|isbn=978-1-48512-816-8|location=Cape Town}}</ref> === United States === [[Usòrò:Brandeis_office_1916.jpg|thumb|Brandeis (n'etiti) n'ọfịs ya 1916.]] N'ịchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu a na United States, Prọfesọ Iwu Mahadum Stanford Deborah Rhode na-ede, sị: "Ndị ọka iwu nwere mmasị ọha na eze azọpụtala ndụ, chebe ikike ndị bụ isi, guzobe ụkpụrụ dị mkpa, gbanwee ụlọ ọrụ, ma hụ na uru dị mkpa maka ndị kachasị ha mkpa....N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke America nke ọkara narị afọ gara aga, ndị ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ọha na eze arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa.<ref>Deborah L.Rhode, Public Interest Law: the Movement and Midlife, 60 Stan.L.Rev. 1, 13-14 (2004)</ref> A na-ahazi iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze na United States. Òtù ndị gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite ma chebe ikike mmadụ site na iji usoro iwu United States, na-alụ ọgụ iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ọ bụ na-akwado n'aha ndị ahịa, na-akpọ onwe ha òtù iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze. Obodo buru ibu nke ndị ọka iwu na-eme iwu gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze n'ụdị inye enyemaka iwu n'efu nye ndị na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ya. Otú ọ dị, eziokwu dị egwu ka dị na ndị ọka iwu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na-enye nnọchi anya na-enweghị isi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Cohen|first=Andrew|title=How Americans Lost the Right to Counsel, 50 Years After 'Gideon' (March, 2013)|url=http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/how-americans-lost-right-counsel-50-years-after-gideon|publisher=The Brennan Center for Justice (NYU School of Law)|accessdate=10 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bright|first=Stephen B.|title=Fifty Years of Defiance and Resistance After Gideon v. Wainwright|journal=Yale Law Journal|date=June 2013|volume=122|issue=8|url=http://yalelawjournal.org/essay/fifty-years-of-defiance-and-resistance-after-gideon-v-wainwright|accessdate=10 December 2014}}</ref> Agụmakwụkwọ iwu ụlọ ọgwụ, nke e guzobere nke ọma na United States, na-enye ohere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ iwu ịrụ ọrụ iwu bara uru n'ihe gbasara iwu ndị bụ isi yana nsogbu ọdịmma ọha na eze dị mgbagwoju anya, dị ka ikike ụmụ nwanyị, iwu mgbochi ịkpa ókè, ikike iwu, na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu nwere ụlọ ọrụ iwu gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze, nke na-adụ ụmụ akwụkwọ iwu nwere mmasị ịchụso ọrụ iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze. Mmemme Pro bono na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-enye ohere maka ndị ọka iwu azụmahịa inye oge maka ọrụ iwu gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze.<ref name="Cummings">Scott L. Cummings & Ingrid V. Eagly, After Public Interest Law, NWU L. Rev. 1251, 1251-1259, 2075-2077(2006)</ref> ==== Ego nke Iwu Mmasị Ọha ==== Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ iwu gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze na-arụ anaghị enweta ego n'ihi na ndị ahịa ha enweghị ike ịnye ndụmọdụ nzuzo. Na mgbakwunye, ihe omume ndị ọzọ ha na-arụ dị ka mgbasa ozi obodo, ịhazi njikọ aka, ịgwa ndị nta akụkọ okwu, na ịmalite mkpọsa ntọala, anaghị enweta ego. Otu ndị a na-adabere na ego gọọmentị etiti, onyinye ntọala nke onwe, onyinye, ego steeti, ụgwọ onye ọka iwu, ụtụ otu, mmemme inye ego, na mkpakọrịta maka ndị ọka iwu ọhụrụ. Ego gọọmenti etiti na onyinye ntọala onwe bụ isi mmalite nke ego maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, agbanyeghị ego na-adịgasị iche dabere n'ụdị nhazi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, [[liberalism]] akụ na ụba na òtù gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbaso ụzọ isi n'otu n'otu nke ndị na-ahụ maka ikike obodo dị ka American Civil Liberties Union, ebe òtù ịda ogbenye na-ejikarị ego Legal Services Corporation (LSC). Isi iyi nke ego na-emetụta mmetụta na atụmatụ a na-achụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Albiston|first=Catherine|date=Winter 2014|title=Funding the Cause: How Public Interest Law Organizations Fund Their Activities and Why It Matters for Social Change|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/lsi.12013|journal=Law and Social Inquiry|volume=39|pages=62-95}}</ref> Enweghi ego zuru oke dị mkpa iji gboo mkpa iwu nke ndị ogbenye na ndị a na-akọwaghị ya bụ otu n'ime nsogbu kachasị mkpa na-eche òtù dị iche iche ihu. A na-amanye ụlọọgwụ enyemaka iwu n'ofe mba ahụ ịjụ ọtụtụ arịrịọ ha na-enweta n'ihi enweghị akụrụngwa. Enweghị akụrụngwa na enweghị ike ijikọ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-eme ka ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị ego nweta enyemaka iwu maka ihe na-erughị 20% nke mkpa iwu ha. N'ime oge mmegide na-abawanye n'etiti ndị pere mpe, a na-amanye ndị ọka iwu ibute naanị oke mmebi ikike. Site n'inwe ike iburu ikpe kachasị njọ, ọtụtụ mkpa ndị mmadụ ka na-egbotaghị ya. === United Kingdom === N'iwu, ọdịmma ọha na eze bụ nchebe megide ụfọdụ ikpe (dịka ọmụmaatụ ụfọdụ ikpe nkwutọ na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]) na ịhapụ ụfọdụ iwu ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ iwu nnwere onwe nke ozi na UK). Ọzọkwa, ndị ọka ikpe na usoro iwu nkịtị nwere ike ikpe n'ihi iwu ọha na eze, okwu metụtara ya. == Leekwa == * Onye ọka iwu onwe onye * Mkpokọta iwu * Iwu * Iwu okike * Onye na-agbachitere ọha * Ụlọ ọrụ Rutherford * National Lawyer's Guild == Ndetu == <references /> {{Reflist|30em}} Nkọwa mbụ nke Onye edemede ahụ adịkwaghị irè... Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ihe ọ bụla hà nhata, Ime nke ọma, 57 Vand. L. Rev. 2087-2125 (2004). * Jeremy Rabkin, Public Interest Law: Is it Law in the "Public Interest"?, 8 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 341-347 (1985). * Ann Southworth, Conservative Lawyers and the Contest over the Meaning of "Public Interest Law", 52 UCLA L. Rev. 1223-1278 (2005). * Patricia M. Wald, Whose Public Interest Is It Anyway: Advice for Altruistic Young Lawyers, 47 Me. L. Rev. 3-33 (1995). ; Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọha ọdịmma iwu ije * Nan Aron, Liberty and Justice for All : Public Interest Law in the 1980s and Beyond (Westview Press, 1989, 166 p) KF390.5.P78 A96 1989. * Ịkwado nha nke ikpe ziri ezi: Ịkwụ ụgwọ iwu gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze na America: Akụkọ nke Council for Public Interest Law (1976, 361 p. & appendices) KF 299.P8C6 1976 Gụnyere A History of Public Interest Law, na 17-76, na The World of Public Interest Law Today, na 77-161. * Iweta Ikpe Ziri Ezi nye ndị mmadụ: Akụkọ nke Freedom-Based Public Interest Law Movement / nke Lee Edwards deziri (Heritage Books, 2004, 218 p.)KF 390.5.P78 B74. * Gordon Harrison & Sanford M. Jaffe, The Public Interest Law Firm; New Voices For New Constituencies (Ford Foundation, 1973, 40 p.)KF299.P8 H37 Edited version of article originally published at 58 [[Abá|ABA]] J. 459-467 (1972). * Sanford M. Jaffe, Public Interest Law : Five Years Later (American Bar Association, Special Committee on Public Interest Practice, 1976, 52 p.)KF299.P8 J3. * F. Raymond Marks, The Lawyer, The Public, and Professional Responsibility (American Bar Foundation, 1972, 305 p.)KF 299.P8M3 * Felice Batlan, The Ladies' Health Protective Association: Lay Lawyers and Urban Cause Lawyering, 41 Akron L. Rev. 701-732 (2008). * Edward Berlin, Anthony Z. Roisman, & Gladys Kessler, Iwu Mmasị Ọha, 38 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 674-693 (1970). * Susan D. Carle, Re-Envisioning Models for Pro Bono Lawyering: Some Historical Reflections, 9 Am. U. J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 81-96 (2001) * Richard Frank, The Public Interest Lawyer, 7 J. Int'l L. & Econ. 180–186 (1972). * Charles R. Halpern & John M. Cunningham, Reflections on the New Public Interest Law: Theory and Practice at the Center for Law and Social Policy, 59 Geo. L. J. 1095-1126 (1971). Gụnyere Ihe Odide Ntụkwasị B: Nader v. Volpe: A Case Study, na 1122–26. * Judith Kilpatrick, Race Expectations: [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]] African-American Attorneys (1865–1950), 9 Am. U. J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 63-79 (2001). * Ralph Nader, Keynote Address, 40 San Diego L. Rev. 7-18 (2003) (akụkụ nke nnọkọ, Summit: Taking the Offensive). * Karen O'Connor & Lee Epstein, Rebalancing the Scales of Justice: Assessment of Public Interest Law. 7 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 483-505 (1984). Gụnyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị otu iwu ọha na eze na-emesapụ aka na ndị na-echekwa echiche. * David P. Riley, Challenge of the New Lawyers: Public Interest and Private Clients, 38 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 546-587 (1970). * Francis B. Stevens & John L. Maxey, John L. II, Representing the Unrepresented: A Decennial Report on Public-Interest Litigation in Mississippi, 44 Miss. L. J. 333-390 (1973). ; Ijikọ ụwa ọnụ nke iwu ọdịmma ọha na eze * Scott L. Cummings, The Future of Public Interest Law, UC Los Angeles: UCLA School of Law (2011). E nwetara ya site na escholarship.org * Edwin Rekosh, Kyra A. Buchko, na Vessela Terzieva, eds., Pursuing the Public Interest: A Handbook for Legal Professionals and Activists, PILnet (mgbe ahụ Public Interest Law Institute), New York (2001). Retrieved from pilnet.org - Synthesizes experiences of public interest advocates in former socialist countries. [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d93f5tz5qi2c00r1sjk0sebn97rqs2k 0 13281 727779 721583 2026-09-25T01:33:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:IJzeren voetring voor gevangenen transparent background.png|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na Mba Nevada''' bụ ahia iwu na-akwadoghị nke ụmụ mmadụ maka ebumnuche nke ịgba ohu ịmụ nwa, mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa, na ọrụ mmanye dịka ọ na-eme na steeti [[Náevadạ|Nevada]], a makwaara ya nke ọma dị ka ụdị ịgba ohu nke oge a. Ọ gụnyere "ịgba ndị mmadụ n'ọrụ, njem, ịnyefe, ịnabata ma ọ bụ ịnata ndị mmadụ site na iyi egwu ma ọ bụ iji ike ma ọ bụ ụdị mmanye ndị ọzọ, ịtọrọ mmadụ, aghụghọ, aghụghọ, iji ike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nke adịghị ike ma ọ bụ nke inye ma ọ bụ ịnata ụgwọ ma ọ bụ uru iji nweta nkwenye nke onye nwere njikwa onye ọzọ, maka ebumnuche nke mmegbu. Mmegbu ga-agụnye, ma ọ dịkarịa ala, mmegbu nke ịgba akwụna nke ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ụdị mmegbu mmekọahụ ndị ọzọ, ọrụ mmanye, ịgba ohu ma ọ bụ omume yiri ịgba ohu, ịgba ohu ma ọ bụ iwepụ akụkụ ahụ. "<ref>{{Cite journal|author=United Nations|title=U.N. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children|year=2000|url=http://www.unicef.org/protection/convention_20traff_eng.pdf|accessdate=March 3, 2012}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ National Human Trafficking Resource Center kọrọ na ha natara oku 277 na ozi ịntanetị n'afọ 2015 banyere ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na mba Nevada.<ref name="NHTRC 2015 Report">{{Cite web|title=United States Report: 1/1/2015 – 12/31/2015|url=http://traffickingresourcecenter.org/sites/default/files/NHTRC%202015%20United%20States%20Report%20-%20USA%20-%2001.01.15%20-%2012.31.pdf|work=National Human Trafficking Resource Center|publisher=National Human Trafficking Resource Center|accessdate=19 May 2016}}</ref> == Akaụntụ Contingency == Site na iwu mba Nevada, State General Fund nwere akaụntụ mberede maka ndị na-ahụ maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ.<ref>[https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-217.html#NRS217Sec530 NRS 217.530]</ref> Òtù ga-ebu ụzọ rịọ onye isi nke Ngalaba Ahụike na Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ iji nweta ego ndị a. Kọmitii na-ahụ maka njikwa onyinye na-enyocha ngwa ahụ ma na-atụ aro nye onye nduzi. Onye nduzi ahụ na-ekenye ma na-etinye ọnọdụ, dị ka ịchọ ka nzukọ ahụ nyefee akụkọ. Òtù ahụ nwere ike iji ego ahụ mee ihe maka mmemme na ọrụ maka ndị na-ahụ maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ.<ref>[https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-217.html#NRS217Sec530 NRS 217.540]</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ mba Nevada Attorney General, Soroptimist International nke Reno, Thelma B. na Thomas P. Hart Foundation na Nevada Trucking Association arụkọla ọrụ ọnụ iji nweta ego maka akaụntụ mberede, na-ejide ''ebe mgbaba maka nri abalị a zọpụtara maka ndị'' na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref>[http://www.rgj.com/story/news/2015/08/13/fundraiser-helps-nevada-victims-human-trafficking/31673389/ Fundraiser helps Nevada victims of human trafficking]</ref> == Ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ na mba Nevada == N'afọ 2013, mba Nevada gafere Assembly Bill 67, nke na-eji nkọwa gọọmentị etiti nke ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ ma na-amụba ntaramahụhụ site na otu ọkwa. Ọ na-eme ka ndị metụtara ruo eru maka enyemaka steeti ma nye ha ohere ịgba ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa ha akwụkwọ. Ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ ga-edebanye aha dị ka onye omekome mmekọahụ, a ga-ejidekwa akụ ha iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ọrụ ndị metụtara ya.<ref>[http://ag.nv.gov/News/PR/2013/Human_Trafficking/Attorney_General_Masto_Announces_Bill_to_Combat_Sex_Trafficking_Signed_Into_Law/ Attorney General Masto Announces Bill to Combat Sex Trafficking Signed into Law]</ref> === Ụlọ akwụna iwu kwadoro === Ịgba akwụna nke ndị okenye bụ iwu na mpaghara ime obodo iri na otu na mba Nevada. Site na ịmepụta njirimara ụgha, ndị pimps nọ n'èzí nwere ike iji ụlọ akwụna ndị a na-azụ ahịa "ụmụagbọghọ na-erubeghị afọ".<ref name="eastbayexpress.com">[http://www.eastbayexpress.com/artsculture/the_business_of_desire/Content?oid=282289 The Business of Desire | Books | Oakland, Berkeley & Bay Area | Stefanie Kalem]. Eastbayexpress.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref><ref name="Herbert">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/11/opinion/11herbert.html|work=The New York Times|first=Bob|author=Herbert|title=Fantasies, Well Meant|date=2007-09-11}}</ref><ref name="pimps">[http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/1998/jan/21/pimps-force-underage-girls-to-work-in-nevada-broth/ Pimps force underage girls to work in Nevada brothels, Oregon police say – Wednesday, Jan. 21, 1998 | 4:39 a.m.]. Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> N'isiokwu e bipụtara n'afọ 1998, onye nchọpụta Greg Harvey, onye na-arụ ọrụ na Eugene, Oregon, kwuru na ikpe ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ma kwuo na "[i]t's happening right now, ọ bụ ihe ijuanya ole ụmụ agbọghọ si ebe a na-ebuga n'ụlọ akwụna dị iche iche na ugwu na ndịda Nevada. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-erubeghị afọ. Onye nyocha ọzọ, Sgt. Pete Kerns, kwadoro nkwupụta Harvey: "Ọ dịghị mgbe ị ga-azụta akara na ọ dịghị onye na-erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ na-arụ ọrụ na (ụlọ akwụna Nevada)," ka o kwuru. "Ọ na-eme."<ref name="pimps" /> Otú ọ dị, "ihe akaebe na-egosi ndị nwe ụlọ akwụna ma ọ bụ ndị njikwa na-arụ ọrụ na ndị pimps Oregon," dị ka Sgt.<ref name="pimps" /> Bill Petty nke Storey County Sheriff's Department. Petty kwukwara na "okwu nke ndị akwụna na-erubeghị afọ na-adịkarị ụkọ na mpaghara ya", ebe onye ọka iwu mpaghara Storey County Janet Hess "kwuru naanị otu ikpe nke nwa agbọghọ na-erubeghị afọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụna [erela] ụlọ ọrụ ya n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga. "<ref name="pimps" /><ref name="pimps" /> N'ime akụkọ ya nke afọ 2007, ''Ịgba akwụna na ịtụ mgbere ahịa na Nevada'': na-eme njikọ, ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na onye na-emegide ịgba akwụna Melissa Farley gosipụtara nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ndị nwe ụlọ akwụna na ndị akwụna, na-ekwu na ọtụtụ ndị akwụna akwụna na-achịkwa ndị pimps n'èzí nakwa na ha na-ata ahụhụ zuru oke site n'aka ndị nwe ụlọ akwụna na ndị ahịa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hoge|first=Patrick|title=Sober forum, street theater on prostitution ballot issue|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/31/BAGCS8H7FV1.DTL|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[Hearst Corporation]]|date=31 August 2004|archive-date=14 December 2004|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041214070426/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/31/BAGCS8H7FV1.DTL|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="curtis">[http://www.lvrj.com/news/9612332.html "Outlaw industry, ex-prostitutes say"] by Lynnette Curtis, ''[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]]'', September 6, 2007.</ref> Bob Herbert na-akwado nkwupụta ahụ, na-ekwu, sị: "N'agbanyeghị akụkọ ifo na ha bụ "ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta na-enweghị onwe ha," ọtụtụ ndị a na-akpọ ndị akwụna iwu kwadoro nwere pimps - ndị pimps nke steeti kwadoro bụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ akwụna na, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, pimp nke abụọ nke na-achịkwa akụkụ ndị ọzọ niile nke ndụ ha (ma na-ewere ọtụtụ n'ime ego ha nwetara n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro). "<ref name="Herbert"/> Alexa Albert na-ekwu na a na-atụ mgbere ahịa ahụ na mmekorita ya na ndị nwe ụlọ akwụna, ya mere ndị akwụna ga-adị mfe ịchịkwa.<ref name="eastbayexpress.com"/> Onye omebe iwu Bob L. Beers kwuru na "[a] onye nwe ụlọ akwụna bụ onye, mgbe ọ na-eru n'isi ihe, ọ bụghị ihe ọzọ karịa onye nwe ohu. "<ref name="lvrj.com">[http://www.lvrj.com/news/9612332.html Outlaw industry, ex-prostitutes say – News – ReviewJournal.com]. Lvrj.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> Onye bụbu Kọmishọna Nye County Candice Trummell, onye nduzi nke Nevada Coalition Against Sex Trafficking, kwuru "[i]t bụ oge gara aga maka Nevada ịbụ steeti ikpeazụ na mba United States of America iji guzosie ike megide ụdị ịgba ohu niile. "<ref name="lvrj.com" /> N'afọ 2009, otu isiokwu dị na Guardian kwuru na ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụna "na-etinye ụfọdụ mgbochi pụrụ iche na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ azụmahịa" iji "kewapụ ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na obodo": ụfọdụ ebe na-amachibido ndị akwụna ịhapụ ụlọ akwụna ahụ ruo ogologo oge, ebe ikike ndị ọzọ chọrọ ka ndị akwụna hapụ mpaghara ahụ mgbe ha na-adịghị arụ ọrụ; ụfọdụ ebe anaghị ekwe ka ụmụ ụmụnwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụna biri n'otu mpaghara; a naghị ekwe ka ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ akwụna hapụ ụlọ akwụna ahụ pụọ mgbe elekere ise nke ehihie gasịrị; na mpaghara ụfọdụ, a naghị ekwe ka ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ edebanyere aha nwee ụgbọala ma ọlị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/apr/03/nevada-prostitution-tax|work=The Guardian|title=Sex and taxes|date=2009-04-16|accessdate=2010-05-22|first=Melissa|author=Ditmore}}</ref> Onye ọzọ bụbu akwụna nke na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ akwụna anọ nke mba Nevada wakporo usoro ahụ, na-ekwu, "N'okpuru usoro a, ndị akwụna na-ahapụ nnwere onwe dị ukwuu, njikwa na nhọrọ maka ọrụ ha na ndụ ha" na "Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nwe ụlọ akwụna hụrụ ngwọta a bara uru n'anya, ọ nwere ike ịbụ mmegbu ma bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mkpa. " Ọ kọwara otú ụmụnwanyị ahụ si nọrọ n'okpuru mgbochi dị iche iche gabigara ókè, gụnyere ime ka o siere ha ike ịjụ ndị ahịa na imeso ndị dọkịta nwere "àgwà nkwado ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ" (ụlọ akwụna ahụ nwere nkụda mmụọ ma n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ machibidoro ndị akwụna ịhụ ndị dọkịta ha họọrọ).<ref>[http://www.bayswan.org/Laura.html Working In Nevada]. Bayswan.org (1995-11-21). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> === Las Vegas === Ọ bụ ezie na iwu akwadoghị, 90% nke ịgba akwụna na Nevada na-eme na mba Las Vegas.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhRyput1LlUC&pg=PA99|title=Picturing Las Vegas|author=Chase|first=Linda|publisher=Gibbs Smith|year=2009|isbn=9781423604884}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, ndị FBI chọpụtara Las Vegas dị ka otu n'ime obodo iri na anọ na mba United States nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ịgba akwụna ụmụaka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Whaley|first=Sean|title=State Lawmaker Plans To Continue Mission In 2011 To Combat Child Prostitution In Nevada|url=http://www.nevadanewsbureau.com/tag/child-prostitution/|work=Nevada News Bureau|accessdate=3 October 2011|archivedate=17 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217041924/http://www.nevadanewsbureau.com/tag/child-prostitution/}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii Las Vegas kwuru na "ihe dị ka ụmụaka 400 na-apụ n'okporo ámá site na ịgba akwụna kwa afọ."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lasvegasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=10575169|title=New Law Expands Crackdown on Child Prostitutes|work=Las Vegas Now|publisher=KLAS TV, CBS Channel 8|date=2009-06-22|accessdate=2010-03-10|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112535/http://www.lasvegasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=10575169}}</ref> Ngalaba ikpe ziri ezi nke United States akpọwokwa Las Vegas n'etiti ebe iri na asaa nwere ike ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref>Sam Skolnik, [http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2007/jan/29/do-we-have-a-human-trafficking-problem/ "Do we have a human trafficking problem?"], ''Las Vegas Sun, 29 January 2007''</ref> Òtù Ndị Kraịst na-emegide ịzụ ahịa Shared Hope International na-ekwu na obodo Las Vegas bụ isi ebe maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ ụmụaka, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na-enwe mmekọahụ, ịnweta mmanya na ọgwụ ọjọọ dị mfe, na ịgba chaa chaa awa 24.<ref name="fox">{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/03/25/report-las-vegas-hub-for-child-sex-trafficking.html|title=Report: Las Vegas a Hub for Child Sex Trafficking|archive-date=2018-08-14|access-date=2022-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814202925/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/03/25/report-las-vegas-hub-for-child-sex-trafficking.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Mmemme STOP ==== N'afọ 1994, Ngalaba ndị uwe ojii nke Las Vegas mepụtara mmemme a na-akpọ Stop Turning Out Child Prostitutes (STOP). Ebumnuche ya bụ ịchọpụta ma jide ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ ụmụaka ma nye ụzọ maka ụmụaka na-agba akwụna ibi ndụ na-aga nke ọma. Ọ na-eme nke a site na iji nzọụkwụ ndị a: # Njide - Ndị uwe ojii jidere onye ahụ. A na-ezigakwa otu ndị nchọpụta ka ha nyochaa onye ahụ na-enwe olileanya ịchọta onye na-azụ ahịa. # '''Mkpọrọ''' - A na-ejide onye ahụ site na onye akaebe ihe onwunwe ruo mgbe a kpagburu onye na-azụ ahịa. # '''Nchekwa na Nchedo''' - Ndị nyocha na-enwe mmekọrịta ugboro ugboro na onye ahụ. Ha na-akọwa usoro ikpe ahụ ma na-atụle ihe onye ahụ na-eme atụmatụ ime mgbe ikpe ahụ gasịrị. # '''Ngosipụta''' n'ụlọ ikpe - Onye ahụ na-agba akaebe n'ụlọ ikpe ma tọhapụ njide ahụ # '''Nlekọta''' - Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike ịchọta ebe obibi na-enye afọ ojuju, obodo ahụ nwere ike iji usoro ihe omume dịka mmemme Paul na Lisa ma ọ bụ Ụmụaka nke abalị. Enweghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ọ bụla e debere tupu mmemme ahụ, mana ngalaba ndị uwe ojii kwuru na ọtụtụ ụmụaka ga-alaghachi ịgba akwụna obere oge e jidere ha. Ebe ọ bụ na e mejuputara usoro ihe omume ahụ, e jidere 9.6% nke ndị akwụna ọzọ maka ịgba akwụna. Ha mekwara ka njide ndị na-azụ ahịa ruo 380.<ref>[https://leg.state.nv.us/Session/72nd2003/Interim/Studies/JuvJustice/exhibits/12692O.pdf STOP: Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Vice Section]</ref> Shared Hope International kwuru na ikpe ndị na-azụ ahịa siri ike na Las Vegas, mana ọ katọrọ obodo ahụ maka ijide ndị a ma ama na-azụ ahịa mmadụ, na-ekwu na ndị na-ahụ maka ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ na-enwetakarị ntaramahụhụ dị ogologo ma dị oke njọ karịa ndị ntorobịa ndị ọzọ ejidere maka mmebi iwu.<ref name="shi_report">[http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/LasVegas_PrinterFriendly.pdf Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Las Vegas, Nevada]</ref> Onye ọka ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe ezinụlọ bụ William Voy kwetara, na-ekwu "Ụmụaka ndị a abụghị n'ezie n'ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụaka mana ha adabaghị ebe ọ bụla ọzọ na usoro ahụ. Ha nọ n'ebe ahụ ka a na-emegbu ha ma na-emekwa omume mmebi iwu, ịgba akwụna. Ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ma e wezụga ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ. "<ref name="fox"/> === Usoro ATLAS === N'afọ 2004, Ngalaba ndị uwe ojii nke Las Vegas na Salvation Army Family Services haziri njikọ aka a na-akpọ Anti-Trafficking League Against Slavery (ATLAS). Ọ na-achọ ịchọpụta, napụta ma weghachite ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na ikpe ndị na-azụ ahịa na mba Nevada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.humantrafficking.org/organizations/448 |title=Anti-Trafficking League Against Slavery |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archivedate=2016-04-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412210331/http://humantrafficking.org/organizations/448 }}</ref> Ọ gụnyekwara FBI, ebe obibi ụmụnwanyị na ezinụlọ na mmemme nsogbu ndina n'ike, Nevada Child Seekers na Boyd Law School na Mahadum Nevada, Las Vegas.<ref name="fox"/> === Mgbasa Ozi Ịzụ ahịa Mmekọahụ nke Nevada === Nevada Sex Trafficking Awareness Campaign bụ mkpọsa iji mee ka a mara banyere ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ na mba Nevada. Ọ malitere n'afọ 2013, mgbe akọwapụtara ịtụ ahịa mmekọahụ na mba Nevada. N'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2013, o tinyere bọọdụ mgbasa ozi na-akpọsa National Human Trafficking Resource Center hotline. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2014, ọ gosipụtara ihe nkiri "Trafficked No More", banyere ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na Nevada. O gosipụtara ịla n'iyi nke Jessie Foster, onye furu efu na Las Vegas.<ref>[http://lasvegassun.com/news/2014/feb/21/after-eight-years-hope-remains-alive-even-if-missi/ After Eight Years, Hope Remains Alive Even If Missing Daughter Isn't]</ref> Ha mepụtara akwụkwọ enyemaka na akwụkwọ nta dabere na ihe nkiri ahụ iji kesaa ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://traffickednomore.org/ |title=Trafficked No More |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archivedate=2022-04-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404173734/http://traffickednomore.org/ }}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|2}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oepr5xrpdllvhvkwksg9h9k83oc6d2g 0 13317 727773 638923 2026-09-25T01:23:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Afghanistan bụ otu n'ime isi iyi, njem, na mba na-aga maka ụmụnwoke, ụmụ nwanyị, na ụmụaka ndị a na-atụ na mgbere ahịa mmadụ, ọkachasị ọrụ mmanye na ịgba akwụna mmanye. Ịtụ mgbere ahịa n'ime Afghanistan juru ebe niile karịa ịzụ ahịa mba ụwa, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a metụtara bụ ụmụaka. N'afọ 2005, Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) kọrọ banyere ikpe ịtụ mgbere ahịa ụmụaka 150 na steeti ndị ọzọ. A na-azụ ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị Afghanistan n'ime mba ahụ ma banye na mba Iran, Pakistan na India yana mba ndị Arab nke Peshia, ebe ha bi dị ka ndị ohu ma na-amanye ha ịgba akwụna na ọrụ mmanye na brik kilns, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta kapet, na ọrụ ụlọ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180319225451/https://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods/ The 2014 TVPRA List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor], [[United States Department of Labor|U.S. Department of Labor]]</ref> N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eji ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị maka ịzụ ahịa akụkụ ahụ. Ịrịọ arịrịọ n'ike bụ nsogbu na-arịwanye elu na Afghanistan; ndị otu Mafia na-ahazi mgbaaka arịrịọ ọkachamara. A na-amanye ụmụnwoke Afghanistan ịgba akwụna na ọrụ mmanye na ụlọ ọrụ mbubata ọgwụ ọjọọ na Pakistan na Iran. A na-amanye ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ Afghanistan ịgba akwụna, ndokwa na alụmdi na nwunye mmanye<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=July 2008|title=Combating Trafficking in Persons in Afghanistan|url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Legal_Responses_to_Trafficking_in_Persons_Manual_for_Parliamentarians_of_Afghanistan.pdf|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-02-02|work=United Nations Office on Drug and Crime}}</ref> - gụnyere ndị di na-amanye nwunye ha ịgba akwụna - na ịgba ohu n'ụlọ na Pakistan na Iran, ma eleghị anya [[Ndia|India]]. Òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGOs) na-akọ na n'ime afọ gara aga, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ụmụnwoke na-azụ ahịa n'ime. Ụfọdụ ezinụlọ maara na-ere ụmụ ha maka ịgba akwụna mmanye, gụnyere maka bacha bazi - omume na-ejikọta ịgba ohu mmekọahụ na ịgba akwụna ụmụaka, nke ụmụnwoke bara ọgaranya na-eji ụmụnwoke na-eto eto maka ntụrụndụ na mmekọahụ. Ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ na-eziga ụmụ ha na ndị na-ere ahịa iji nweta ọrụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka ndị a na-ejedebe na ọrụ mmanye, ọkachasị na ụlọ ọrụ kapet nke mba Pakistan. NGO na-egosi na ezinụlọ na-eme nyocha ego na uru mgbe ụfọdụ banyere ụgwọ ole ha nwere ike ibute dabere na ndị ezinụlọ ha nwere ike ịzụ ahịa.<ref name=":0" /> A na-amanye ụmụnwoke mba Afghanistan ịrụ ọrụ na ịgba ohu ụgwọ na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo na ihe owuwu na Iran, Pakistan, [[Greece|Gris]], mba ndị Arab nke Gulf Persian, na ikekwe mba ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia. N'okpuru nganga nke ohere ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ dị elu, ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa na-adọta ndị ọrụ mba ọzọ na Afghanistan, ma na-adọta ndị obodo Afghanistan n'obodo Afghanistan ma ọ bụ India ma ọ bụ Pakistan, mgbe ụfọdụ na-amanye ha ịrụ ọrụ mmanye ma ọ bụ ịgba akwụna n'ebe ahụ. Ná ngwụsị nke afọ 2009 na mmalite nke afọ 2010, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ụmụnwoke si Sri Lanka, Nepal, na India, bụ ndị ji obi ha kwaga Afghanistan, bụ ndị a manyere ọrụ mmanye.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2018-06-05|title=Network to combat migrant smuggling and people trafficking in Afghanistan|url=https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/9700/network-to-combat-migrant-smuggling-and-people-trafficking-in-afghanistan|accessdate=2021-02-10|work=InfoMigrants|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/9700/network-to-combat-migrant-smuggling-and-people-trafficking-in-afghanistan "Network to combat migrant smuggling and people trafficking in Afghanistan"]. ''InfoMigrants''. 2018-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-10</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=2018 Trafficking in Persons Report - Afghanistan|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b3e0bc5a.html|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-02-10|work=Refworld|language=en}}</ref> A na-amanye ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ si Pakistan, Tajikistan, na ikekwe [[Uganda]] na [[China]] ịgba akwụna na Afghanistan. Ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ nchekwa mba ụwa nwere ike itinye aka na ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị a. Ndị mba ọzọ na-elekọta ụlọ akwụna na ịgba akwụna mgbe ụfọdụ, mgbe ụfọdụ na njikọ na netwọk ndị omempụ buru ibu. A kwenyere na a na-azụ ụmụ nwanyị Tajik site na Afghanistan gaa mba ndị ọzọ maka ịgba akwụna. Ụmụnwanyị Iran a na-atụ na mgbere ahịa na-agafe mba Afghanistan na-aga mba Pakistan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=November 2012|title=Human trafficking and migrant smuggling routes from Pakistan to neighboring and distant countries|url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/pakistan/201211_Survey_on_Human_Trafficking_and_Migrant_Smuggling_Routes_Edit1_FINAL.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516012524/https://www.unodc.org/documents/pakistan/201211_Survey_on_Human_Trafficking_and_Migrant_Smuggling_Routes_Edit1_FINAL.pdf|archivedate=2022-05-16|accessdate=2021-02-10|work=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true"> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime''. November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Àtụ:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: url-status ([[:Category:CS1 maint: url-status|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: url-status]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2008|title=Trafficking in Persons in Afghanistan Field Survey Report|url=https://childhub.org/en/system/tdf/library/attachments/iom_08_tra_persons_afghan_0109.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=18308v|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-02-10|work=International Organization for Migration}}</ref> Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu kọrọ na ụmụaka na ndị uwe ojii mba Afghanistan (ANP) na-akpakọrịta n'afọ ahụ. Gọọmentị na-eme ihe iji meziwanye usoro nyocha afọ nke ANP. Ndị Taliban na-eji ụmụaka site na afọ iri na abụọ ruo afọ iri na isii eme ihe dị ka ndị na-egbu onwe ha. A ghọgburu ụfọdụ ụmụaka ma ọ bụ manye ha ka ha bụrụ ndị na-egbu onwe ha. A na-akụziri ndị ọzọ nke ọma ma ọ bụ na ha amaghị na ha na-ebu bọmbụ, nke a na-ebupụ n'ebe dị anya n'amaghị ha.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-12-15|title=How the Taliban groom child suicide bombers|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27250144|accessdate=2021-02-17}}</ref> A na-emegbu ụfọdụ ụmụaka ndị agha nke ndị agha nnupụisi na-eji eme ihe. A na-ekwe nkwa mgbe ụfọdụ ka ụmụnwoke debanye aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ Alakụba na mba Pakistan na Iran, mana kama nke ahụ, a na-ebuga ha n'ogige maka ọzụzụ ndị agha site n'aka ndị otu dị oke egwu.<ref name="dos"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=We are children not soldiers|url=https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Afghanistan-Fact-Sheet-September-2016.pdf|accessdate=2021-02-17|work=Children and armed conflicts|archivedate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520185450/https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Afghanistan-Fact-Sheet-September-2016.pdf}}</ref> E nwekwara ahịa ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ na ọwụwa anyanwụ Afghanistan, gburugburu mpaghara Nangarhar na Paktia, ebe a na-ere ụmụnwanyị n'ihu ọha. Ndị obodo ekwuola na a na-ere ụfọdụ ụmụnwanyị ọtụtụ ugboro ma ndị ahụ metụtara na-abụkarị ụmụnwanyị di ha nwụrụ, ndị nwunye ụmụnwoke dara ogbenye ma ọ bụ ndị nwunye di na-ahụghịzi n'anya. E kwuru na a na-ebuga ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ahụ na Pakistan ebe a na-ere ha maka ihe na-erughị ịnyịnya ibu. A ma ama ama n'ebo Shinwar maka ọdịnala a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trading of Women Rife in East Afghanistan, Report Claims|url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/trading-women-rife-east-afghanistan-report-claims|work=TOLOnews|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-04}}</ref> Gọọmentị nke Afghanistan na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu iji lụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ, dị ka ịga n'ihu na-enyefe ndị a chọpụtara na-atụ mgbere ahịa na ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta. Otú ọ dị, gọọmentị egosighi ihe akaebe nke mmụba mgbalị karịa afọ gara aga. Kpọmkwem, gọọmentị mba Afghanistan ekpeghị ma ọ bụ maa ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa ikpe n'okpuru iwu ya nke afọ 2008, ma taa ndị na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ ahụhụ na mkpọrọ maka ịkwa iko ma ọ bụ ịgba akwụna.<ref name="dos"/> Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2" n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> == Nchedo == Gọọmentị mba Afghanistan nwere obere ọganihu n'ichebe ndị na-azụ ahịa. Afghanistan enweghị usoro iwu iji chọpụta ndị a na-atụ mgbere ụ ahịa. Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ abụọ na Parwan na Jalalabad. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta ntụgharị nke e guzobere na ngwụsị afọ 2007, ndị uwe ojii Afghanistan gara n'ihu na-ezigara ụmụ nwanyị ndị ihe ike na-emegbu na Ministry of Women's Affairs (MOWA), UNIFEM, IOM, na NGO. Gọọmentị enweghị ego iji nye ndị metụtara ọrụ nchebe kpọmkwem; NGO na-arụ ọrụ ebe nchekwa nke mba ahụ ma na-enye ọtụtụ enyemaka nke ndị metụtara, mana ụfọdụ chere ihe isi ike ihu n'ihi iyi egwu sitere n'aka ndị obodo, ọkachasị mgbe ha na-enyere aka n'okwu ndị metụtara mpụ nsọpụrụ, dị ka ndina n'ike. A na-echekwa otu ụlọ ọrụ NGO na Kabul maka ndị na-azụ ahịa. Ụfọdụ NGO na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta maka ndị na-azụ ahịa na-akọ na ha na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị nwere nhazi zuru oke. Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disabled (MOLSAMD) nyere ụfọdụ ọzụzụ ọrụ nye ụmụaka n'okporo ámá na ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta, MOWA nyekwara ndị e mesoro ihe ike ọrụ iwu n'efu; ọ maghị mmadụ ole jere ozi bụ ndị a na-azụ ahịa. Enweghị ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla na Afghanistan iji nye ndị nwoke na-azụ ahịa ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ọrụ nchebe kpọmkwem, ọ bụ ezie na e mere atụmatụ imeghe ụlọ ọrụ NGO maka ụmụnwoke na-ahụ maka ụmụnwoke n'afọ 2010. N'oge akụkọ ahụ, e debere ụfọdụ ụmụnwoke a na-azụ ahịa n'ụlọ ụmụ mgbei nke gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ maka ndị omempụ na-eto eto mgbe a na-enyocha ikpe ha, ebe a na-edebe ụmụnwoke toro eto n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'oge nyocha. Ọnọdụ obibi ndụ n'ụlọ ụmụ mgbei gọọmentị na-elekọta dara ogbenye nke ukwuu na ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ nrụrụ aka nwere ike imetọ ụmụaka ma manye ha ịgba akwụna. Iwu mgbochi ịzụ ahịa na-enye ndị mba ọzọ ohere ịnọgide na Afghanistan ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwa isii; enweghị akụkọ banyere ndị mba ọzọ na-eji ndokwa a nke enyemaka mbata.<ref name="dos"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2012-06-19|title=2012 Trafficking in Persons Report - Afghanistan|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe30cea3c.html|accessdate=2021-02-18|work=Refworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2010-06-14|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 - Afghanistan|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c1884102.html|accessdate=2021-02-18|work=Refworld|language=en}}</ref> Nchegbu dị ukwuu ka dị banyere ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-ata ndị a na-azụ ahịa ahụhụ maka omume ha nwere ike ime n'ihi ịtụ mgbere ahịa. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a tụrụ ndị na-atụ mgbere ahịa mkpọrọ ka a na-echere mkpebi nke ikpe ha, n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ha a ghọtara. A nọgidere na-ejide ụmụnwanyị na-azụ ahịa ma tụọ ha mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ taa ha ahụhụ maka ịgba akwụna na ịgbapụ alụmdi na nwunye mmanye maka ebumnuche ịzụ ahịa. Heather Barr nke Humans Rights Watch's Asia Division (HRW) kọrọ na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-amanye ịgba akwụna site n'aka di ha na ndị ọgọ ha, n'ihi na a na-ahụta ha dị ka isi iyi ego.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2012-10-24|title=Human trafficking, prostitution thrive in Afghanistan|url=https://www.dw.com/en/human-trafficking-prostitution-thrive-in-afghanistan/a-16327746|accessdate=2021-02-18|work=DW.COM|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ụmụnwanyị ndị gbapụrụ n'ụlọ ha iji gbanahụ ụdị alụmdi na nwunye mmanye ndị a kwuru na ndị uwe ojii dinara ha n'ike ma ọ bụ ndị uwe ojii mesoo ha dị ka ndị omempụ naanị maka na ha enweghị onye nlekọta. Ụmụnwanyị a na-emegbu emegbu ndị na-enweghị ike ịchọta ebe obibi na-ejedebe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ; ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị họọrọ ịga mkpọrọ maka nchebe pụọ n'aka ndị ezinụlọ nwoke. Enweghị ihe akaebe na gọọmentị gbara ndị e gburu ume ka ha nyere aka na nyocha nke ndị na-azụ ahịa ha n'oge akụkọ ahụ. A na-egbochi mgbalị ịchọ nkwụghachi n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na onye Afghanistan ga-anọ n'oké ihe ize ndụ maka naanị ịmata onye wakporo ya.<ref name="dos"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Ferrie|first=Jared|date=2018-03-29|title=Human trafficking on the rise in Afghanistan despite new laws|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-humantrafficking-laws-idUSKBN1H52U8|accessdate=2021-02-26}}</ref> == Mgbochi == N'oge akụkọ ahụ, Gọọmentị Afghanistan enwetaghị ọganihu ọ bụla n'igbochi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. N'afọ 2007, e guzobere ngalaba ọhụrụ maka ọgụ megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ime Criminal Investigation Directorate dị ka ngalaba nhazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Report on Trafficking in Persons|url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Country_profiles/South_South_West_Asia.pdf|accessdate=2021-02-26|work=United Nations}}</ref> MOWA Initiative to Strengthen Policy and Advocacy through Communications and Institution Building launched and partially funded a public information campaign with foreign donor support. Mgbasa ozi ahụ nwere bọọdụ mgbasa ozi, ebe redio, na obere usoro ihe nkiri redio banyere ịzụ ahịa, ma lekwasị anya na mpaghara 34 niile. Akụkọ nlekota kwadoro mmata nke nsogbu ịzụ ahịa. ANP rụrụ ọrụ iji meziwanye usoro nyocha afọ ya iji kpochapụ ụmụaka ndị agha n'ọkwa ya. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị nyere ụfọdụ asambodo ọmụmụ na asambodo alụmdi na nwunye, ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala nọ n'ime ime obodo anaghị arịọ ma ọ bụ nweta akwụkwọ ndị a; ihe na-erughị pasent iri nke ụmụaka na-edebanye aha mgbe a mụrụ ha. Gọọmentị emeghị ihe iji belata ọchịchọ maka mmekọahụ azụmahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ mmanye n'oge akụkọ ahụ. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, e guzobere Kọmitii Nlekọta, Akụkọ na Nzaghachi iji dee atụmatụ maka ọrụ gọọmentị na UN Task Forces on Trafficking and Children in Armed Conflict; emechabeghị atụmatụ ọrụ a ruo ugbu a. Afghanistan abụghị akụkụ nke 2000 UN TIP Protocol.<ref name="dos">"Afghanistan". [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-31|title=Ministry of Women’s Affairs Restructuring and Empowerment|url=https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/fact-sheets/ministry-women%E2%80%99s-affairs-restructuring-and-empowerment|accessdate=2021-03-03|work=www.usaid.gov|language=en|archivedate=2021-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321042204/https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/fact-sheets/ministry-women%E2%80%99s-affairs-restructuring-and-empowerment}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Asia Foundation in Afghanistan supports initiatives in governance, education, and the promotion of rights for woman.|url=https://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/MISPA1AfghanistanFINAL.pdf|accessdate=2021-03-03|work=The Asia Foundation|archivedate=2015-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926223919/http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/MISPA1AfghanistanFINAL.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2012-06-19|title=2012 Trafficking in Persons Report - Afghanistan|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe30cea3c.html|accessdate=2021-03-03|work=Refworld|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị Afghanistan nyere iwu iji lụso ịtọrọ mmadụ na ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ ọgụ, nke na-enye mkpọrọ ndụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ na afọ 8-15 maka ịzụ ahịa ọrụ.<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2017, onye isi ala Afghanistan bịanyere aka na iwu ntaramahụhụ ọhụrụ nke machibidoro ma taa Baja-Bazi ahụhụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afganistan Moderate Advencement|url=https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2017/Afghanistan.pdf|accessdate=2021-03-05|work=U.S. Department of Labor}}</ref><ref name=":3"/> N'afọ 2018, netwọọdụ ntinye aka nke NGO na mgbasa ozi (ANCTIP) hibere iji luso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na ịkwaga mbata na Afghanistan. Ebumnuche bụ ịkwado iwu 2017 megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.<ref name=":2"/> == Leekwa == * Ịgba ohu ụmụaka * Mmegbu ụmụaka n'ụzọ azụmahịa * Mmegbu nke ọrụ * Ịgba ohu * Ịgba ohu mmekọahụ * Mpụ ịkpọasị * Ihe ruuru mmadụ * Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ * Agha akụ na ụba * Ụmụ nwanyị na Islam * [[Islam and children|Islam na ụmụaka]] * Agha na Afghanistan (2001-2021) == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q6fuauazuxtkqr1cs6bgbdafqv4jpf2 0 13774 727825 721738 2026-09-25T05:07:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Isabel dos Santos''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 20 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1973) bụ nwanyị na-azụ ahịa nke Angola na Russia, nwa mbụ nke onye isi ala Angola bụbu José Eduardo dos Santos, onye chịrị mba ahụ dị ka onye ọchịchị aka ike site n'afọ 1979 ruo n'afọ 2017. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Ozugbo e lere ya anya dị ka nwanyị kasị baa ọgaranya n'Africa dị ka magazin ''Forbes'' si kwuo, na ọnụ ahịa ya karịrị ijeri US $ 2, e wepụrụ ya na ndepụta magazin ahụ na Jenụwarị 2021 mgbe a kpọchiri akụ ya na Angola, Portugal na [[Netherlands]].<ref name="Forbes21">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2021/01/22/the-unmaking-of-a-billionaire-how-africas-richest-woman-went-broke/|title=How Isabel Dos Santos, Once Africa's Richest Woman, Went Broke|date=2021-01-22|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> O ji ụlọ ọrụ PT Ventures ụgwọ nde $ 340 .<ref name="Forbes21b">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2021/02/01/former-angolan-billionaire-isabel-dos-santos-is-liable-for-340-million-payment-after-french-court-ruling/?sh=776a1d6630a2|title=Former Angolan Billionaire Isabel Dos Santos Is Liable For $340 Million Payment After French Court Ruling|author=Dolan|first=Kerry A.|work=Forbes|date=22 January 2021|accessdate=6 February 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2013 ''Forbes'' kọwara otú dos Santos si nweta akụ na ụba ya site n'itinye aka na ụlọ ọrụ na-azụ ahịa na Angola, na-atụ aro na akụ na ụba ya sitere na ike na njikọ ezinụlọ ya.<ref name="DolanForbes">{{Cite news|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2013/08/14/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman/|title=Daddy's Girl: How An African 'Princess' Banked $3 Billion in a Country Living On $2 Per Day|first=Kerry A.|author=Dolan|date=14 August 2013|accessdate=16 March 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307193348/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2013/08/14/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-desmente-acusacoes-de-enriquecimento-ilicito-feitas-pela-forbes_175473.html|title=Isabel dos Santos desmente acusações de enriquecimento ilícito feitas pela Forbes|work=Económico|accessdate=19 March 2019|archivedate=29 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829234627/http://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-desmente-acusacoes-de-enriquecimento-ilicito-feitas-pela-forbes_175473.html}}</ref> Gọọmentị Angola, kemgbe afọ 2018, na-anwa ikpe Isabel dos Santos ikpe na nrụrụ aka gara aga nke nwere ike ibute ọdịda Angola na-aga n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.angonoticias.com/Artigos/item/62572/gestao-da-sonangol-pgr-mandou-instaurar-processo-criminal-contra-isabel-dos-santos|title=Gestão da Sonangol: PGR mandou instaurar processo criminal contra Isabel dos Santos|work=ANGONOTÍCIAS|accessdate=23 October 2019}}</ref> Na 30 Disemba 2019, Ụlọikpe mpaghara Luanda nyere iwu ka a kpọchie akaụntụ ụlọ akụ nke dos Santos nke Angola ma weghara osisi ya na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara, gụnyere Unitel na Banco de Fomento Angola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50956370|title=Angola orders Isabel dos Santos asset seizure|date=31 December 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> A na-enyocha ya na Portugal ma kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-ewere United Arab Emirates dị ka mba obibi ya.<ref name="JEconómico">{{Cite news|url=https://jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/exclusivo-dciap-investiga-operacoes-de-isabel-dos-santos-denunciadas-por-ana-gomes-534043|title=Exclusivo. DCIAP investiga operações de Isabel dos Santos denunciadas por Ana Gomes|first=Lígia|author=Simões|publisher=Jornal Económico|date=10 January 2020|language=pt|accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="DW">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/angola-cidad%C3%A3-russa-isabel-dos-santos-imune-%C3%A0-extradi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/a-51932233|title=Angola: Cidadã russa Isabel dos Santos imune à extradição?|publisher=DeutscheWelle|language=pt|date=9 January 2020|accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="RFI">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20200111-portugal-justice-ouvre-enquete-isabel-dos-santos-angola|title=Portugal: la justice ouvre une enquête sur Isabel dos Santos|language=fr|date=11 January 2020|accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref> Izu abụọ ka e mesịrị, Gọọmentị [[Angola]] kwupụtara na ọ na-akwadebe agha iwu maka ịnara akụ dos Santos na Portugal, usoro nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị akwụkwọ ozi rogatory zigara Portugal iji kwụsị ịnyefe ego site na Portuguese Commercial Bank gaa na ụlọ akụ [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]]. [nke?<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.angola24horas.com/index.php/angola-24-horas-noticias/item/15706-governo-angolano-prepara-confisco-de-bens-de-isabel-dos-santos-em-portugal|title=Governo angolano prepara confisco de bens de Isabel dos Santos em Portugal|publisher=Angola24horas|language=pt|date=11 January 2020|accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup><ref name="JEconómico2">{{Cite news|url=https://jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/de-bestial-a-persona-non-grata-531049|title=De bestial a persona non-grata|first=Vítor|author=Norinha|publisher=Jornal Económico|date=3 January 2020|language=pt|accessdate=13 January 2020}}</ref> Na Disemba 2021 amachibidoro Dos Santos ịbanye na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] maka "Nnukwu Nrụ Aka".<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-10|title=Isabel dos Santos: Angolan billionaire hit with US visa restrictions|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59616316|accessdate=2022-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Angola: Isabel dos Santos, ‘Dino’ and ‘Kopelipa’ sanctioned by US|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/155984/angola-isabel-dos-santos-dino-and-kopelipa-sanctioned-by-us/|accessdate=2022-02-16|work=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ezinụlọ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Isabel dos Santos na Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, ọkpara nke onye isi ala Angola bụbu José Eduardo dos Santos na nwunye mbụ ya, Tatiana Kukanova, onye amụrụ na Russia, onye ọ zutere mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba Soviet nke Azerbaijan.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/25/isobel-dos-santos-africas-first-female-billionaire The Guardian: "Isabel dos Santos, dubbed 'princess', named Africa's first female billionaire" by David Smith] 25 January 2013</ref><ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-angola-whos-who-in-the-palace ''Mail & Guardian'' (Zambia): "Angola: Who's who in the palace?" by Louise Redvers] 2 November 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/angolan-africas-first-woman-billionaire/story-fn3dxix6-1226561407045 ''The Australian'': "Angolan Africa's first woman billionaire"] 25 January 2013</ref> Nne na nna nna ya si [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]].<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-angola-whos-who-in-the-palace ''Mail & Guardian'': "Angola: Who's who in the palace?" by Louise Redvers] 2 November 2012</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị niile na Kent, Cobham Hall School, na St Paul's Girls' School na [[London]].<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news|author=Garside|first=Juliette|title=Isabel dos Santos: president's daughter who became Africa's richest woman|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/19/isabel-dos-santos-president-daughter-africa-richest-woman-angola|accessdate=19 February 2021|work=The Guardian|date=19 January 2020}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ injinia eletriki<ref>Celso Filipe, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807185421/https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/home.php?template=SHOWNEWS_V2&id=345996 Report about Isabel dos Santos on Negócios Online], December 2008</ref> na King's College na London.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21184854|title=Isabel dos Santos: 'First African female billionaire'|work=BBC News|date=25 January 2013}}</ref> N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere di ya si Zaire (nke bụzi [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]), Sindika Dokolo, nwa nke otu nde mmadụ si [[Kinshasa]] na nwunye ya [[Denmark|Danish]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dokolo.com/Sa%20famille.html|title=La Famille Dokolo : Ndona Tuluka – Nzolantima – Hanne – Manzanza – Sindika – Luzolo|accessdate=2022-05-29|archivedate=2017-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205043103/http://www.dokolo.com/Sa%20famille.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Augustin Dokolo, an African entrepreneur|url=http://www.dokolo.com/Biography.html|accessdate=14 March 2013|archivedate=8 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070114/http://www.dokolo.com/Biography.html}}</ref> Isabel dos Santos bụ nwa amaala [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]] na Angola.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Дудина|first=Галина (Dudina, Galina)|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4226522|title=Душа Сантуша: Как россиянка стала богатейшей женщиной Африки|language=ru|work=[[Kommersant|Коммерсантъ]]|date=21 January 2021|accessdate=24 September 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Malite n'afọ 1997, Isabel dos Santos banyere n'ụwa azụmahịa, na-eke ụlọ ọrụ na njide na Angola na ọtụtụ mba ofesi, na-etinye nnukwu ego na ụlọ ọrụ dị elu, ọkachasị na Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-reforca-em-portugal-com-entrada-na-zon_77174.html|title=Isabel dos Santos reforça em Portugal com entrada na Zon Diário Económico, 21 December 2009 (pt)|accessdate=28 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315062549/http://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-reforca-em-portugal-com-entrada-na-zon_77174.html|archivedate=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Isabel dos Santos é a 18ª figura mais poderosa da economia portuguesa|url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/negocios-iniciativas/poderosos/poderosos-2012/detalhe/isabel_dos_santos_eacute_a_18ordf_figura_mais_poderosa_da_economia_portuguesa|accessdate=2022-02-16|work=www.jornaldenegocios.pt|language=pt-PT}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 90 Isabel dos Santos malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa ọrụ injinia maka Urbana 2000, onye enyemaka nke Jembas Group, nke meriri nkwekọrịta iji mee ka obodo ahụ dị ọcha ma kpochapụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.publico.pt/economia/noticia/isabel-dos-santos-o-rosto-de-angola-1300051|title=Isabel dos Santos: o rosto de Angola|language=pt|date=20 July 2007|work=Público|accessdate=8 January 2016}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o guzobere azụmahịa ụgbọ oloko. Ojiji zuru oke nke teknụzụ walkie-talkie meghere ụzọ maka ịbanye na telecoms.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/6ffd2edc-955e-11e2-a4fa-00144feabdc0.html|title=Lunch with the FT: Isabel dos Santos|work=Financial Times}}</ref> N'afọ 1997, ọ malitere azụmahịa mbụ ya, na-emeghe Miami Beach Club, otu n'ime klọb abalị mbụ na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị n'ụsọ osimiri na Luanda Island.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theafricaneconomist.com/meet-the-forbes-second-richest-african-woman-isabel-dos-santos/|title=Meet The Forbes Second Richest African Woman: Isabel dos Santos|date=4 December 2012|work=The African Economist|accessdate=8 January 2016}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2016, nna ya họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke Sonangol, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ steeti Angola.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-06-03-all-in-the-family-angola-president-picks-eldest-daughter-to-head-state-oil-firm-western-firms-scramble-for-contract|title=All in the family: Angola president picks eldest daughter to head state oil firm, western firms scramble for contracts|date=3 June 2016|work=MG Africa|accessdate=14 March 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216103334/http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-06-03-all-in-the-family-angola-president-picks-eldest-daughter-to-head-state-oil-firm-western-firms-scramble-for-contract|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nhọpụta a na-ese okwu n'ihi nhọpụta yiri nke ụmụ onye isi ala na ọkwa ndị dị mkpa adịteghị aka, dịka João Lourenço, onye isi ala Angola ọhụrụ, chụrụ ya n'ọrụ naanị ọnwa abụọ ka ọ ṅụsịrị iyi ọrụ.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-angola-sonangol/angola-president-dismisses-sonangol-chair-isabel-dos-santos-idUSKBN1DF1X5 by Reuters]</ref> Na 30 Disemba 2019, Ụlọikpe mpaghara Luanda nyere iwu ka e weghara akaụntụ akụ nke dos Santos, di ya, Sindika Dokolo, na Mário Filipe Moreira Leite da Silva. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Attorney General si kwuo, ndị ọchụnta ego atọ ahụ banyere nkwekọrịta na steeti Angola site na ụlọ ọrụ Sodiam, ụlọ ọrụ na-ere diamond ọha na eze, na Sonangol, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ steeti. Site na nkwekọrịta ndị a, steeti Angola furu efu nke ijeri $ 1.14.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabado.pt/mundo/detalhe/tribunal-decreta-arresto-preventivo-a-contas-e-empresas-de-isabel-dos-santos|title=Tribunal decreta arresto preventivo a contas e empresas de Isabel dos Santos|work=sabado.pt}}</ref> Ụlọ ikpe ahụ mepụtara akwụkwọ na-egosi na akụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nke dos Santos nwere nwetara site na iji ego sitere na ụlọ ọrụ steeti abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-03|title=Angola News: Isabel dos Santos Says Asset Freeze Risks Businesses|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-03/africa-s-richest-woman-says-asset-freeze-dooms-her-angolan-firms|accessdate=2020-10-03|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ onye ọka iwu nke Portugal ekpughere na e mepere nyocha banyere ọtụtụ ọrụ nke Isabel dos Santos, na-esote ebubo nke Ana Gomes, onye otu Portuguese nke nzuko omeiwu Europe.<ref name="JEconómico"/> Mgbe njide ahụ gasịrị, ọ weere UAE dị ka mba obibi ya.<ref name="DW"/><ref name="RFI"/> === Ihe onwunwe === Ihe onwunwe nke dos Santos n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clipquick.com/Files/Imprensa/2012/08-01/0/1_1870377_7E1C4A2D8B3731959B5EFFAA1CAC6C0A.pdf |title=A Angolana mais rica de Portugal, English: "The richest Angolan in Portugal", clipquick.com, 1 August 2012 (pt) |accessdate=29 May 2022 |archivedate=22 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222144857/http://www.clipquick.com/Files/Imprensa/2012/08-01/0/1_1870377_7E1C4A2D8B3731959B5EFFAA1CAC6C0A.pdf }}</ref> * Trans Africa Investment Services, ụgbọala dị na Gibraltar nke ya na nne ya hiwere maka azụmahịa diamond * Unitel International Holdings B.V.: mgbanwe nke aha Kento na Jadeium, nke dị na Amsterdam, ụlọ ọrụ-ụgbọala maka ego dos Santos na telekomunikashions * Santoro Finance: ụlọ ọrụ-ụgbọala maka ego dos Santos na Banco BPI nke dị na Lisbon * Esperaza Holding B.V.: nke dị na Amsterdam, ike, mmanụ wdg. * Condis: azụmahịa azụmaahịa nke dị na Luanda == ''Luanda Leaks'' == Na 19 Jenụwarị 2020 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) bipụtara akụkọ zuru ezu banyere otú dos Santos si chịkọta akụ na ụba ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. Akụkọ ahụ, dabere na ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nrụrụ aka The Platform to Protect Whistleblowers in Africa - nke ọ kpọrọ ''Luanda Leaks'' - kwuru na ọ "mere akụnụba na mmefu nke ndị Angola".<ref>[https://www.icij.org/investigations/luanda-leaks/ ''Isabel dos Santos made a fortune at the expense of the Angolan people, Luanda Leaks reveals.''] icij.org, published 19 January 2020</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị, ụbọchị atọ ka ihe ahụ gbapụtara, a hụrụ onye njikwa akụ na ụba ya na onye isi ụlọ akụ nke onwe ya bụ Nuno Ribeiro da Cunha nwụrụ n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke ụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/mundo/2020-01-23/luanda-leaks-aparece-muerto-gestor-financiero-isabel-dos-santos_2424912/|title=Luanda Leaks {{!}} Aparece muerto en Portugal el gestor financiero de Isabel dos Santos|date=23 January 2020|work=El Confidencial|language=es|accessdate=23 January 2020}}</ref> == Ndetu == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nxfrzp3w8cjq9m4g4vee93kmsg0fmgw 0 13907 727752 725081 2026-09-24T23:26:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jackline Acheampong''' (onye amụrụ n'abalị iri na isii nke ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 1998) nke a maara dịka '''Gyakie''' bụ onye Ghana na-agụ egwu afrobeat / afro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Barnes|first=Ekow|title=Ghanaian Singer Gyakie Is Making African R&B While In College|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/ghanaian-singer-gyakie|accessdate=22 March 2021|work=Teen Vogue|language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Owusu-Amoah|first=Gifty|date=25 October 2020|title=No pressure to maintain my dad’s legacy — Gyakie|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/no-pressure-to-maintain-my-dad-s-legacy-gyakie.html|accessdate=22 March 2021|work=Graphic Online|language=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Sam|first=Derrick Ekow|date=27 February 2021|title='I want to fill the biggest auditorium' - Gyakie shares her dreams|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/i-want-to-fill-the-biggest-auditorium-gyakie-shares-her-dreams/|accessdate=22 March 2021|work=My Joy Online|language=}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Gyakie wepụtara egwu mbụ ya akpọrọ; "Love is Pretty" nke meghere ụzọ maka ọgụgụ egwu ọzọ, "Never Like This." N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2020, egwu "Forever" sitere na EP ise ya, nke akpọrọ "Seed" bụ nkwupụta ya maka ịbụ onye ama ama na ikuku na ndepụta ndị [[Ghana]], [[Kenya]] na Nigeria. Nna Gyakie bụ Nana Acheampong.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Okirike|first=Nnamdi|date=25 August 2020|title=Interview: Introducing Gyakie, A Highlife Legend's Daughter|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/gyakie-ghana-music-interview/|accessdate=22 March 2021|work=OkayAfrica|language=}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A zụlitere Gyakie na Kumasi na mpaghara Ashanti nke [[Ghana]]. Ọ gụsịrị T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Kumasi ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) nke ọ gụrụ na azụmahịa mba ụwa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2"/> == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Gyakie n'ime ezinụlọ ndị n'akụ egwu na mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, ọ malitere isonyere nna ya na studio.<ref name=":0"/> Asa na onye egwu Ghana bụ Omar Sterling nke R2Bees metụtakwara mkpali mmụọ ya.<ref name=":0" /> Gyakie wepụtara egwu mbụ ya; "Love is Pretty" n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019 ma buru ụzọ wepụta, "Never Like This." O wepụtara nchịkọta EP ise, nke akpọrọ Seed n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2020.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3"/> Egwu "Forever" na Seed EP nwere Mpụta ihe na Ghana, Kenya na Nigeria. Ọ nọ n'elu chaatị egwu dịka Billboard's Top Triller Global na Shazams Top 200 chaatị.<ref name=":0" /> Gyakie wepụtara remix nke "Forever" ya na onye na-agụ egwu Naịjirịa bụ Omah Lay na Machị 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 March 2021|title=Gyakie features Mah Lay on remix of 'Forever'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Gyakie-features-Mah-Lay-on-remix-of-Forever-1208977|accessdate=22 March 2021|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, a họpụtara ya dịka nwanyị mpụtara nke afọ na 2021 3Music Women's Brunch maka 3Music Awards 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hansen|first=Gabriel Myers|date=9 March 2021|title=3Music Women’s Brunch held in Accra|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/3music-womens-brunch-held-accra|accessdate=13 March 2021|work=Music In Africa|language=}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=9 March 2021|title=Gyakie, Adina among first batch of 3Music Awards winners -|url=https://museafrica.com/2021/03/09/gyakie-adina-among-first-batch-of-3music-awards-winners/|accessdate=27 March 2022|work=Muse Africa|language=}}</ref> Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ mba ụwa na nkwekọrịta Sony Music entertainme, RCA Records UK na Sony Music [[Eluàlà|Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 March 2021|title=Gyakie inks worldwide label deal with Sony Music, RCA Records UK|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/gyakie-inks-worldwide-label-deal-with-sony-music-rca-records-uk/5lr9zet|accessdate=24 March 2021|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2022, a họpụtara Gyakie dị ka nwanyị nke afọ maka 3Music Awards 2022 n'oge 3Music Women's brunch.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Kotey|first=Nii|date=27 March 2022|title=3Music News: 3Music Awards '22: Here are all the winners|url=https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|accessdate=27 March 2022|work=3Music TV|language=|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032059/https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Discografị == === Albums na EPs === * SEED EP (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2021|title=Gyakie explains why no artiste was featured on ‘ Seed’ EP|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Gyakie-explains-why-no-artiste-was-featured-on-Seed-EP-1154648|accessdate=24 March 2021|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> === Ndị dị otu === * Love is Pretty (2019) * Never Like This (2019) * Sor Mi Mu feat Bisa Kdei (2020) * Forever (In Billboard Top Thriller Global chart) * Forever Remix feat [[Omah Lay]] (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Gyakie - Forever Remix ft Omah Lay DOWNLOAD MP3|url=https://newreleasegh.com/gyakie-forever-remix-ft-omah-lay|accessdate=2021-05-15|work=Newreleasegh.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516042249/https://newreleasegh.com/gyakie-forever-remix-ft-omah-lay/}}</ref> * Vacation<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=DOWNLOAD MP3:Gyakie Vacation|url=https://newreleasegh.com/download-mp3gyakie-vacation|accessdate=2021-05-15|work=Newreleasegh.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515162506/https://newreleasegh.com/download-mp3gyakie-vacation/}}</ref> * Whine<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Gyakie Is Leading The Lights of Ghana Music in 2021|url=https://www.hitz360.com/gyakie-is-leading-the-lights-of-ghana-music-in-2021/|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=hitz360.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Follow You Fiokee, [[Chike (Ọgụegwu)|Chike]] & Gyakie (2021) '''''E gosipụtara na''''' * ''Sheege D-Black ft. Gyakie (2021)'' == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Category !Ọrụ A Họpụtara !Nsonaazụ !Ref |- | rowspan="6" |2021 | rowspan="3" |3Music Awards |Nwanyị na-apụta nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name=":5"/> |- |Iwu Ọganihu nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 February 2021|title=3Music Awards 2021: See full list of nominees - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/3music-awards-2021-see-nominees-lists/|accessdate=13 April 2022|work=My Joy Online|language=}}</ref> |- |EP nke afọ |SEED EP |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |Onye egwu ọhụrụ kachasị mma |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ibrahim|first=Faruk|date=2021-04-04|title=VGMA 2021! Gyakie Nominated For Best New Artiste Award|url=https://gbafrica.net/vgma-2021-gyakie-nominated-for-best-new-artiste-award/|accessdate=2021-06-25|work=GBAfrica|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625211902/https://gbafrica.net/vgma-2021-gyakie-nominated-for-best-new-artiste-award/}}</ref> |- |Best AfroBeats/AfroPop song of the year |Ruo Mgbe Ebighị Ebi |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=Full List: Here are the nominees for the 2021 Ghana Music Awards|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/full-list-here-are-the-nominees-for-the-2021-ghana-music-awards/7whwp48|accessdate=2021-06-25|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref> |- |EP nke afọ |SEED EP |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2022 | rowspan="3" |3Music Awards |Nwanyị nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name=":4"/> |- |Artiste nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hansen|first=Gabriel Myers|date=14 February 2022|title=3Music Awards 2022: All the nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/3music-awards-2022-all-nominees|accessdate=13 April 2022|work=Music In Africa|language=}}</ref> |- |Afrobeats/AfroPop Act of the Year |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |Abọm ma ọ bụ EP nke Afọ |SEED EP |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hansen|first=Gabriel Myers|date=2022-03-21|title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2022: All the nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2022-all-nominees|accessdate=2022-05-12|work=Music In Africa|language=en}}</ref> |- |Mmekọrịta mba ụwa nke afọ |Forever - RMX ft Omah Lay |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-26|title=Gyakie recounts worst moment in her career - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/gyakie-recounts-worst-moment-in-her-career/|accessdate=2022-05-27|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Winners of 2022 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards [FULL LIST]|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/music/winners-of-2022-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-full-list-2.html|accessdate=2022-05-12|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> |- |2022 |Ihe nrite Headie |Best West African Artiste of the Year |Gyakie |{{pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-25|title=Headies Awards: Amaarae, Gyakie, KiDi and Nektunez nominated|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563|accessdate=2022-05-25|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525115139/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563}}</ref> |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lngmwrtwizimbf25xqn1z4p5km3jm9j 0 13942 727751 143346 2026-09-24T23:24:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gwen Dickey''' (amụrụ n'ubochí mbụ n'ọnwa Disemba, n'afọ 1953) bụ onye amụrụ n'Amerịka na-agụ egwu Britain nke a maara nke ọma dị ka nwanyị n'ihu nke otu R&B Rose Royce, ebe ọ rụrụ n'aha Rose Norwalt. Egwu ya ndị a ma ama gụnyere "Car Wash" na "Wishing on a Star". N'afọ 1976, olu ya na <nowiki><i id="mwDA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 nọmba otu "Car Wash" mere ka Dickey na ndị otu ahụ bụrụ ndị ama ama na mba ụwa. Ọ hapụrụ otu egwu ahụ n'afọ 1980. O mechara hapụ United States gaa United Kingdom, ebe ọ ka bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri a ma ama.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Waring|first=Charles|title=A Rose by any other name – Ex-Rose Royce singer Gwen Dickey talks|url=http://www.soulandjazzandfunk.com/interviews/3528-a-rose-by-any-other-name-ex-rose-royce-singer-gwen-dickey-talks.html|work=www.soulandjazzandfunk.com|accessdate=10 August 2018|date=30 July 2015|archivedate=10 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810235415/http://www.soulandjazzandfunk.com/interviews/3528-a-rose-by-any-other-name-ex-rose-royce-singer-gwen-dickey-talks.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == A mụrụ ya na Biloxi, Mississippi, Dickey bidoro ịrụ ọrụ ọkachamara na klọb obodo. O mechara bídó iso otu egwu ụlọ egwu nke obodo a maara dị ka The Jewels . N'oge nkwụsị njem na Miami, Joe Harris nke The Undisputed Truth hụrụ Dickey, ógè ọ nụrụ ka ya na The Jewels na-eme ihe nkiri. Harris, onye nọ na-achọ nwanyị na-agụ egwu iji dochie Brenda Evans, mere ka Dickey gaa Los Angeles iji nyochaa onye na-emepụta egwu ha na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ Norman Whitfield. Mgbe ọ nyochachara maka Whitfield, Whitfield tinyere ya na otu ọhụrụ ya bụ Rose Royce. Whitfield nyekwara Dickey aha ọgbọ Rose Norwalt. N'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1976, Rose Royce wepụtara egwu izizi ha "Car Wash", nke Dickey rụrụ. Otu egwu a ruru ọkwa nke mbụ na chaatị ''Billboard'' Hot 100, ma ree ihe karịrị otu nde na United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/368972/rose-royce/chart|title=Rose Royce – Chart history: Hot 100|work=Billboard|accessdate=January 11, 2015|archive-date=October 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022130635/https://www.billboard.com/artist/368972/rose-royce/chart|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=Rose+Royce#search_section|title=US Certifications > Rose Royce|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=2012-05-05}}</ref> E wepụtara abọm izizi nke Rose Royce bụ Car Wash na Septemba 13, 1976. O rere ihe karịrị nde abụọ n'ụwa niile ma merie Grammy Award maka Best Score Soundtrack Album na 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/norman-whitfield-mn0000957729|title=Norman Whitfield {{!}} Biography, Albums, Streaming Links|work=AllMusic|language=en-us|accessdate=2019-05-19}}</ref> Egwu ikpeazụ nke abọm ahụ bụ "I'm Going Down", nke gosikwara ụda olu sitere na Dickey, ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ 70 na US <nowiki><i id="mwKQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 wee ruo nọmba iri na chaatị egwu R&B. N'afọ 2001, ọ bụ onye isi njem egwu a kpọrọ "What A Feeling" nke na-egwuri egwu na nnukwu ụlọ ihe nkiri n'England niile. Dickey meghere n'ihe banyere James Brown na One Grand Prix Ball na Monte Carlo ma soro Meatloaf na Antwerp, Belgium maka Night of the Proms na ihe ngosi rere ere maka abalị atọ n'otu afọ ahụ. N'afọ 2004, Dickey rụrụ na Glastonbury Music Festival na England. Dickey rụrụ ọzọ na James Brown na Monte Carlo maka Formula otu n'afọ 2005. O mere ihe ngosi ọzọ maka Formula ótù Drivers Annual Charity Ball na 2006. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na United Kingdom na Europe na 2007 na 2008. N'afọ 2010, Dickey na ndị otu Rose Royce pụtara na ihe omume nke ''Unsung'' . == Ndụ onwe onye == N'afọ 2010, Dickey nwetara mmerụ ahụ azụ n'ụlọ ya dị na London, na-ahapụ ya ịdabere na oche nkwagharị. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, ọ ka na-eme egwu ógè ọ nọ ọdụ n'elu ikpo okwu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Brennan|first=Stuart|title=Review: David Gest's Legends of Soul Spectacular @ Stockport Plaza|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/david-gests-legends-soul-spectacular-6710994|accessdate=10 August 2018|work=[[Manchester Evening News]]|date=14 February 2014}}</ref> == Discography == * ''Oge'' iji gbanwee (1993)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gwen Dickey – ''Time To Change''|url=https://www.discogs.com/Gwen-Dickey-Time-To-Change-/release/10508042|work=Discogs|accessdate=10 August 2018}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8jsd91g9q9ch6co2rpr0xyup2aq7ssx 0 14045 727614 645381 2026-09-24T12:59:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ eLDee na 23 Mee 1977, na [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna steeti]] bụ mpaghara ugwu nke [[Naijiria]]. Ọ bụ onye Lagos Island na [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]] nke Naịjirịa. == Agụmakwụkwọ == Ọ gara Command Children School [[kaduna]] na Essence International School tupu ọ kwaga Lagos maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu. O nwere nzere masta na Architecture na Mahadum nke Lagos, Nigeria n'afọ 2001. == Ọrụ == E kwuru na eLDee bụ otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ụdị egwu afrobeats. N'afọ 1998, ọ malitere otu egwu a na-akpọ Trybesmen nke gara n'ihu bụrụ otu n'ime ndị otu egwu nke mere ka ejikọta Hip-hop, highlife, pop na egwu ọdịnala afrobeat. Trybesmen bụ ndị na-eti egwu na kọntinent site n'afọ 2000 ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkpụzi ụdị egwu ọhụrụ. eLDee webatara ndị na-agu egwu iri na isii na akara Trybe Records ya, ma kpọọ mmekorita nke ndị omenkà niile kwuru Da Trybe. Ha mepụtara egwu "Work it out" na "Oya" na 2002, na abọm BIG Picture na 2005. Mgbe ọ kwagara United States n'afọ 2002, eLDee dekọrọ abọm nke akpọrọ Long Time Coming (2004). Ọ gbasoro ya na Return of the King (2006), nke nwere otu "I Go Yarn". Return of the King meriri "Best International Album" na 2007 Nigeria Entertainment Awards na New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eldee|url=http://afrobios.com/-Eldee|work=afrobios.com|accessdate=May 25, 2020|archivedate=April 30, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430062418/http://afrobios.com/-Eldee}}</ref> Abọm ya ndị sochirinụ bụ Big Boy (2008), nke akpọrọ ''Evolution'', Is it your money Vol.1 (2010) na Undeniable (2012). eLDee arụla ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye nduzi na onye ndụmọdụ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. == Ndụ onwe onye == "Lanre" bụ ihe sitere na aha [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] "Olanrewaju" (nke pụtara "Akụ na ụba na-aga n'ihu").<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerian.name/w/index.php?title=Olanrewaju|title=Olanrewaju - Nigerian.Name|work=Nigerian.name|accessdate=May 21, 2018}}</ref> eLDee na enyi ya ogologo oge, Dolapo Latinwo-Bello lụrụ di na nwunye ma ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Temi, na Toke. Ọ nọ na Atlanta, USA kemgbe 2002. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2013, o biputere ozi na ibe Twitter ya iji kwupụta nkwado ya maka ikike nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị idina nwanyị, na-ekwu na enwere olileanya na otu ụbọchị n'oge na-adịghị anya, Afrịka ga-aghọta na mmegide nwoke na nwanyị adịghị iche na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma ọ bụ okpukpe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/12/rapper-eldee-advocates-gay-rights-fans-go-bonkers/|title=Rapper Eldee advocates for gay rights, as fans go wild! – Vanguard News|date=December 26, 2013|work=Vanguardngr.com|accessdate=May 21, 2018}}</ref> == Discography == === Abọm === *2004: ''Long Time Coming'' *2006: ''Return of the King'' *2008: ''Big Boy'' *2010: ''Is It Your Money'' *2012: ''Undeniable'' === Nchịkọta === * 2000: L.A.G Style nke Trybesmen dere * 2004: The Big Picture (Trybe Records Album) * 2009: The Champion: The Hits == Hụkwa == * Hip hop nke Afrịka * Hip hop nke Naijiria * Egwú nke Naịjirịa == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ELDee}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.tryberecords.com/ Official Website] * [http://www.nigerianentertainment.com/NEMar05/eldee.htm Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Eldee] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121102191436/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/world/onyourstreet/ram/aoys_plenty.ram Gee ntị na ihe nkiri nke otu egwu Trybesmen site na weebụsaịtị BBC] {{Eldee}}{{authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mdah1yu1s7uzdikxjd19slg5iv493mj 0 14049 727705 692975 2026-09-24T19:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] '''Chibuzor Oji''', nke a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ '''Faze''', bụ onye egwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri onyonyo na [[Naijiria]]. Ọ bụ onye otu egwu hip hop nke Naijiria Plantashun Boyz, ya na BlackFace Naija na 2face Idibia. Ndị otu ahụ kewara n'afọ 2004 ma onye ọ bụla so n'òtù ahụ agaala n'ihu ịmalite ọrụ naanị ya. Abọm mbụ ya bụ ''Faze Alone'' rere ihe karịrị nde atọ, ebe abọm nke abụọ ya bụ ''Independent'' rere ihe karịrị nde asaa. Abọm nke atọ ya bụ Originality gara platinum n'ọnwa mbụ nke ntọhapụ ya. Ọ bụ onye egwu Naịjirịa mbụ nwere album platinum atọ n'usoro. Mmekọrịta ya gụnyere otu egwu ya na Wyclef Jean nke akpọrọ "Proud to Be African". N'afọ 2011, Faze mere ihe nkiri izizi ya ebe ọ mere ka ihe nkiri nwoke nke Lovechild na ihe nkiri a ma ama nke Naijiria bụ Alero's Symphony . O nyekwara ụda ihe nkiri ahụ nke o ritere Africa Movie Academy Award n'afọ 2012, na ngalaba nke Achievement in Soundtrack . == Mmalite ndụ ya == A mụrụ Chibuzor Oji n'afọ1977 na Festac Town, [[Lagos]] . Oji bụ onye nke anọ n'ime nnukwu ezinụlọ nwere ụmụ itoolu. A na-ekwu na ndị ezinụlọ niile nwere ezigbo olu na-abụ abụ nke zuru oke site na ogologo oge ha na-abụ abụ otuto n'oge ekpere. Oji mere mgbalị mbụ ya iji nweta mgbasa ozi mgbe o meriri asọmpi DBN Karaoke nke afọ 1994. Ọ rụrụ dị ka onye egwu rap n'okpuru aha '''Lyrical Orge''' ruo mgbe ọ sonyeere Plantashun Boiz . Faze wepụtara mgbalị mbụ ya nke akpọrọ "Faze Alone" na nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke afọ 2004. Egwu egwu "Faze Alone", "Angel Gabriella", "Miss U" na "Na True" ruru ebe kachasị elu na chaatị egwu dị iche iche. Ụdị egwu ya a na-akpọ universal flavor - ngwakọta dị mma nke R&B, Reggae, Pop, Dancehall, Ragga na Soul, ha niile nwere ụda olu Afrịka ka a ma ama site na ntọhapụ nke abọm ahụ. N'afọ 2006, Faze wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya "Independent". N'afọ 2008 wepụtara abọm studio nke atọ site na Faze. Onye ndu "Originality" okpukpu abụọ dị ka aha abọm ahụ. Egwu ndị ọzọ sitere na abọm ahụ bụ "Am In Love" na "Spend My Money". N'afọ 2012, Faze gara n'ihu ịrụ ọrụ ma wepụta abọm nke anọ "REFAZED". Onye ndu nke abọm "Am In The Mood" nwere ntụgharị dị elu na redio na igwe onyonyo. N'afọ 2013, ọ gbakwunyere egwu abụọ ọzọ "Ifeoma" na "Lambo" na mbido ya, onye na-agụ egwu ahụ gbasoro otu egwu ahụ na vidiyo na egwu ọ bụla n'otu oge. Faze esorola ndị mba ọzọ nwere ntụkwasị obi mba ụwa dịka Beenie Man, Wyclef Jean, onye ya na ya dekọkwara egwu "Proud To Be African", na Akon. Faze site na egwu ya akwadola ụdị azụmahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ ma na-akwanyere ùgwù dị ka Star na Star Trek Event kwa afọ, Globacom na National Globacom Campus Storm, Guinness na Guinness Extra Smooth Discovery Shows, na Sprite na ihe omume ha maka ndị ntorobịa, Spriteball . == Plantashun Boyz ==   Mgbe ọ sonyeere Plantashun Boyz dị ka mmadụ atọ na BlackFace Naija na Tuface (2face Idibia), ọ gbanwere aha ya na Faze. Ndị otu ahụ wepụtara abọm abụọ na usoro ''ahụ'': Body and Soul n'afọ 2000 na Sold Out n'afọ 2003. Oge ahụ mebiri site na anụ ehi na-emepe emepe banyere "Faze versus 2Face" na ndị otu ahụ nke mere ka ndị otu ahụ gbasaa n'ikpeazụ n'afọ 2004. Ndị otu ahụ gbakọtara n'afọ 2007 naanị maka otu abọm ọzọ ''Plan B' nke ndị njikwa Plantashun Entertainment na-elekọta nke onye bụbu onye njikwa Tuface bụ Nathaniel Akinwale Owoyemi na nwanne ya nwoke na onye njikwa ya bụ Ifeanyi'' Oji' guzobere. N'afọ 2014, Independent Entertainment na Valanchy Records n'okpuru Plantashun Management ọhụrụ ma ha anọwo na-arụ ọrụ. == Ọrụ naanị ya == Mgbe nkewa nke Plantashun Boyz n'afọ 2004, Faze bịanyere aka ná Akara egwu Solomon Arueya's Westside nke Lagos, Nigeria, iji mepụta abọm mbụ ya akpọrọ ''Faze Alone'' . Abọm ahụ nwetara ọkwa platinum na ahịa nke nde 1.2 n'ọnwa mbụ ya. Otu egwu "Faze Alone" mere nke ọma na chaatị egwu Naịjirịa, na-eru nọmba 1 na chaatị egwu nke ụlọ ọrụ redio ama ama dị ka Rhythm FM, Cool FM, na Ray Power FM. A nabatara egwu "Miss U" na "Angel Gabriella" sitere na abọm ''Faze Alone'' nke ọma. Abọm ahụ webatara ụda olu Faze gụnyere ikike ya ịbụ abụ kachasị elu site n'aka nwoke na ụlọ ọrụ egwu Naịjirịa. N'afọ 2006, o ritere ihe nrite Hip-Hop World maka Best Vocalist . Ọ na-ewepụta ihe ya site na akara ndekọ ọ nwere, Independent Entertainment . Na abọm nke abụọ ya akpọrọ 'Independent', nke ewepụtara n'afọ 2006, o wepụtara egwu dịka Kpo Kpo Di Kpo, Letter to my Brother, Tattoo Girls, Need Somebody na Kolomental . Kolomental ga-aga ịghọ abụ na klọb na nnọkọ niile na Naịjirịa. Ọ gara ezumike okike maka afọ ole na ole n'oge ọ na-apụ n'anya n'ihe nkiri egwu. Ihe kpatara nkwụsị a bụ, n'okwu nke ya, "ịmụ ụdị ụda a na-eme n'ebe niile ka m wee nwee ike idozi onwe m na ya n'ebughị ụzọ pụọ n'ezie onwe m. Nke ahụ bụ naanị ya. "<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-10|title=Why I disappeared from the music scene – Faze|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/why-i-disappeared-from-the-music-scene-faze/|accessdate=2020-07-03|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014, Faze laghachiri na ntọhapụ nke otu egwu ya 'Your Daughter' nke natara massisve air play. Ọ gara n'ihu wepụta egwu ọzọ a na-akpọ 'Tonite' ya na onye egwu egwu egwu Naịjirịa bụ [[Patoranking]] . == Ihe efu == * [[Terry G]] aka onye isi Akpako bụ onye na-agụ egwu maka Faze. [1][2] * Na Mee 2011 Busta Rhymes kwuru na Faze bụ onye egwu Afro-hiphop kachasị amasị ya. * Faze bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na-enweghị wii wii na Naịjirịa. == Ọmụme Ihe ngosi == == Abụ Ya == ; Dị ka onye isi mmepụta egwu {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Abọm |- |2020 |“Lovina” |rowspan="9"{{n/a|Non-album single}} |} === Abọm naanị ya === * ''Faze Alone'' (2004) * ''Independent'' (2006) * ''Mmalite'' (2008) * ''ReFAZEd'' (2012) === Mụ na Plantashun Boyz === * ''Ahụ na Mkpụrụ Obi'' (2000) * ''Ahụ na mkpụrụ obi'' Volume II * Sold Out (2003) * ''Atụmatụ B'' (2007) === Nchịkọta === * ''Bad Sharp Guys'' na ndị na-ese ihe dị iche iche Vol.1 (2008) * ''Bad Sharp Guys'' na ndị na-ese ihe dị iche iche Vol.2 (2010) === Abọm ndị ọzọ === * ''Untitled'' with Ruggedman (2004) (Shelved) == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" |Ihe nkiri |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! style="text-align:center;" |Afọ ! style="width:170px;" |Ihe nkiri na telivishọn ! style="width:150px;" |Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2011 |''Symphony nke Alero'' |Lovechild |Mbido |- |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == === Nhọpụta na egwu === * MOBO Awards- Best African Act- Independent (2008) * Channel O Awards - Best Newcomer Video - Kolomental (2007) * Channel O Awards- Best West African Video- Loving you Everyday (2008) * Hip-Hop World Awards- Best R&B/Pop Album of the Year- Independent (2008) * Hip-Hop World Awards - Abụ kacha mma nke afọ - Kolomental (2008) * Hip-Hop World Awards - Best Album of the Year - Independent (2008) * Hip-Hop World Awards- Ndekọ nke Afọ- Mkpa Onye (2008) * Hip-Hop World Awards- Best Vocal Performance- Someone like me (2008) * Nigeria Music Video Awards - I'm in love (2009) * AMEN Awards- Most Popular Song- Kolomental (2007) * AMEN Awards - Best Male Vocalist (2007) * AMEN Awards - Best R&B Male Vocal Performance (2007) * AMEN Awards- Best R&B Album- Independent (2007) * AMEN Awards - Abụ kacha mma nke afọ - Kolomental (2007) * AMEN Awards - Best Album of the Year - Independent (2007) * AMEN Awards - Best Act of the Year (2007) * Soundcity Awards- Best Male Video of the Year-Kolomental (2008) * Soundcity Awards- Best Direction Video of the Year- Kolomental (2008) * Soundcity Awards - Vidio kacha mma nke afọ - Tattoo Girls (2008) * Soundcity Awards- Best Choreography of the Year -Kpo Kpo Di Kpo (2008) * Soundcity Awards- Best R&B Video of the Year- Need Somebody (2008) * Nigeria Entertainment Awards - Onye egwu nwoke kachasị mma (2006) * Nigeria Entertainment Awards - Best R&B Album of the Year (2007) * Futures Awards - Best Artistes of the year (2008) * 8 Fame Music Awards - Best Male Act (2006) === Nchoputa Ndị ọ meriri === * AMAA Awards - Achievement in Soundtrack (2012) * SoundCity Awards- Best Choreography Video- Kpo Kpo Di Kpo (2008) * Hip-Hop World Awards - Onye egwu kacha mma nke afọ (2006) * Criteria Magazine Awards- Youth motivator(2009) === Nhọpụta na ihe nkiri === Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) - Mmeri n'egwu kacha mma (Alero's Symphony) (2012) === Won === Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) - (Alero's Symphony) (2012) == Edensibia == {{Reflist|1}} * Faze- Originality album "Stepping up the game", [[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard News]]. * Lolade Sowoolu'Faze Premiere's Originality', Vanguard News. * Faze- Eze nke R&B na-ebute chaatị ọzọ na Originality, Vanguard News. * Ajụjụ ọnụ na Faze, akwụkwọ akụkọ Sun. * Faze Biography, Retrieved in May 2005 [http://www.nigerianentertainment.com/NEMay05/faze.htm] == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222195826/https://www.naijapals.com/faze Faze Naijapals] * [https://www.instagram.com/fazealone Official Instagram] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060629050631/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/africaonyourstreet/nigerianeaster05.shtml Akụkọ ndụ BBC] * [http://www.nigerianentertainment.com/NEMay05/faze.htm Akụkọ ndụ Faze] {{DEFAULTSORT:Faze}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iafir1x9z3s2mf4tc3g48lkx7kgmdee 0 14140 727695 698684 2026-09-24T18:35:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Usòrò:FaithEvansApr05.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Faith Renée Evans''' (amụrụ n'ọnwa Juun n'ubochí iri, n'afọ 1973) bụ onye Amerịka na-agụ egwu. A mụrụ ya na Lakeland, Florida, ma zụlite ya na [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]], ọ kwagara Los Angeles na 1991 maka ọrụ na azụmahịa egwu. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwado Al B. Sure! na Christopher Williams, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-ese ihe na nkwekọrịta na Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs 'Bad Boy Records na 1994 mgbe ọ dị afọ 20. Na labelụ ahụ, ọ gosipụtara na ndekọ ya na ọtụtụ ndị mmekọ labelụ dịka 112 na Carl Thomas, ma wepụta album studio atọ platinum-certified n'etiti 1995 na 2001: Faith (1995) na Keep the Faith (1998), na Faithfully (2001). N'afọ 2003, ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji bịanye aka na Capitol Records.<ref name="one">{{Cite web|author=Wood|first=Gaby|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/jul/10/popandrock|date=July 10, 2005|title=Rap's first lady|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=March 14, 2009}}</ref> Abọm izizi ya wepụtara na labelụ ahụ, The First Lady (afọ 2005) ghọrọ abọm ya kachasị elu n'oge ahụ, na-eru n'elu US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chaatị, ebe abọm ezumike A Faithful Christmas, wepụtara n'otu afọ ahụ, ga-abụ ntọhapụ ikpeazụ ya tupu a zụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'afọ 2007. N'ịgbaso ogologo oge, Evans wepụtara abọm nke ise ya Something About Faith na labelụ onwe ya Prolific na Entertainment One Music na 2010. Site na ọrụ ya dị afọ iri abụọ, Evans rere ihe karịrị nde iri abụọ n'ụwa niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmi.com/press/entry/578886|title=Mark Batson Joins Tory Lanez, RedOne And Faith Evans For BMI'S How I Wrote That Song|accessdate=December 25, 2018|work=[[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]]}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == === 1973–1994: Mmalite ndụ na mmalite ọrụ === A mụrụ Evans n'ubochí irí n'ọnwa Juun, n'afọ1973, na Lakeland, Florida, nne ya bụ [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|onye Afrịka]], Helene Evans, onye na-agụ egwu.<ref name="one"/> Nna ya, Richard Swain, bụ onye na-eti egwu nke Bekee na onye nwere ike ịbụ onye Ịtali nke hapụrụ tupu a mụọ Evans (Evans ekwuola "Anụla m ka ndị mmadụ na-atamu ihe banyere ya ịbụ onye Ịtali, mana amaghị m n'ezie").<ref name="bookbio1">{{Cite book|author=Evans|first=Faith|title=Keep the Faith: A Memoir|publisher=Grand Central Publishing|date=August 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/keepfaithmemoir00evan_0|isbn=978-0446199506}}</ref> Mgbe ọkara afọ gasịrị, Helene dị afọ iri na itoolu laghachiri Newark, New Jersey, wee hapụ Faith na nwa nwanne nna ya Johnnie Mae na di ya Orvelt Kennedy, ndị nne na nna na-elekọta ihe karịrị otu narị ụmụ ha zụlitere n'oge Faith na ha bi. Faith maara Johnnie Mae na Orvelt Kennedy dị ka nne na nna ya ochie.<ref name="one" /><ref name="three">{{Cite web|author=Waldron|first=Clarence|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_24_96/ai_57800104/pg_2|date=November 15, 1999|title=Faith Evans Tells How She Balances Motherhood and Music|work=[[Jet Magazine]]|accessdate=March 15, 2009|archivedate=January 22, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122193347/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_24_96/ai_57800104?tag=rbxcra.2.a.3}}</ref> Ọ bụ ruo mgbe afọ ole na ole gasịrị ka ọrụ Helene dara mbà ma ọ gbalịrị ịkpọghachi Evans n'ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, Faith na-atụ egwu ịhapụ ihe ọ "na-emebu," kama nke ahụ, Helene kwagara n'akụkụ ụlọ.<ref name="one" /> === 1994–2001: Faith, Biggie, Keep The Faith, motherhood and marriage === N'ịbụ onye nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na Bad Boy Records, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri Combs gwara Evans ka ọ nye aka na nkwado olu na nkà ide ihe na Mary J. Blige's My Life (afọ 1994) na abọm izizi nke Usher (afọ 1994) tupu ọ bídó ọrụ na abọm studio mbụ ya Faith .<ref name="four">{{Cite web|author=Huey|first=Steve|url=http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/evans_faith/artist.jhtml#bio|date=November 16, 2006|title=Full Biography|publisher=MTV|work=[[Allmusic]]|accessdate=March 20, 2009|archivedate=February 20, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220144048/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/evans_faith/artist.jhtml#bio}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye a tọhapụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọst ụbọchị irí abụọ na itoolu, n'afọ 1995, na North America, abọm ahụ bụ isi mmekorita ya na ndị isi na-emepụta Bad Boy, The Hitmen, gụnyere Chucky Thompson na Combs, mana ọ rụpụtara ndekọ ya na Poke & Tone na Herb Middleton. ''Okwukwe'' ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma dabere na egwu "You Used to Love Me" na "Soon as I Get Home". E mechara nweta album ahụ platinum na nde 1.5 nke e rere, dị ka RIAA si kwuo.<ref name="five">{{Cite web|author=Smaldino|first=Denise|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117984917.html?categoryid=3067&cs=1|date=April 30, 2008|title=Sean Combs earns platinum, gold|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=March 20, 2009|archive-date=November 30, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130050248/https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117984917.html?categoryid=3067&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == === Ime ihe nkiri === N'ịbụ onye pụtara na egwuregwu ógè ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, Evans bịdọrọ ime ihe nkiri na ọrụ nkwado na onye nduzi Robert Adetuyi's 2000 egwu ejije Turn It Up, nke gosipụtara Pras Michel si The Fugees, Jason Statham na Ja Rule . N'ịbụ onye a tọhapụrụ na nyocha ndị na-adịghị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ, bụ ndị kwuru na ọ bụ "n'ụzọ doro anya na-enweghị isi na nkọwa na akụkụ buru ibu", ihe nkiri indie ahụ nwere obere egwuregwu ma bụrụ mmechuihu ego, na-enweta US $ 1.24 nde n'oge ọ na-agba ọsọ naanị na United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/turn_it_up/|title=''Turn It Up'' (2000)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=January 25, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Robert|author=Koehler|url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117788014.html?categoryid=31&cs=1|title=''Turn It Up'' review|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 6, 2000|accessdate=January 25, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2000/GHSUP.php|title=''Turn It Up''|work=The-Numbers.net|accessdate=January 25, 2010|archivedate=March 2, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302025341/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2000/GHSUP.php}}</ref> == Philanthropy == N'afọ 2014, Faith gosipụtara nkwado n'ihe banyere Little Kids Rock site n'inye ihe maka ire ere iji nweta ego iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ egwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.littlekidsrock.org/friends/our-big-fans/faith-evans/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=January 13, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114062333/http://www.littlekidsrock.org/friends/our-big-fans/faith-evans/|archivedate=January 14, 2014}}</ref> == Nkà ihe == Faith Evans kwuru na ọtụtụ n'ime mmetụta egwu ya kachasị na ndị ọbụ abụ kachasị amasị ya bụ onye na-agụ egwu ozioma Karen Clark-Sheard (onye a na-ejikarị ya tụnyere), Shirley Murdock, Chaka Khan, Anita Baker na Aretha Franklin .<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[YouTube]]|title=Faith Evans Interview (segment)|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ogzO48H8GSU&feature=youtu.be|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/ogzO48H8GSU|archivedate=2021-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[YouTube]]|title=Faith Evans talks about her musical influences|url=https://m.soundcloud.com/siriusxmentertainment/faith-evans-talks-about-her-musical-influences}}</ref> A ma Evans ama n'ihe gbasara "soprano honeyed soprano" ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soultracks.com/review-faith-evans-something-about-faith|title=Something About Faith Review|work=Soultracks.com|date=September 24, 2010|accessdate=December 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.faithevansmusic.com/discography/108-keep-the-faith.html|title=Keep the Faith Info|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130629041138/http://www.faithevansmusic.com/discography/108-keep-the-faith.html|archivedate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> Olu olu ya sitere na ụda ala nke C # 3 ruo soprano C # 6 dị elu .<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[YouTube]]|title=(HD) Faith Evans - Live Vocal Range (C#3 - C#6)|date=November 8, 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M80p8RS_7i8|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230012622/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M80p8RS_7i8&gl=US&hl=en|archivedate=December 30, 2014|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}</ref> Onye edemede Washington Post bụ Craig Seymour kpọrọ ya "onye mmụọ ozi ma nwee obi ụtọ soprano" dị ka onye na-egosi mmetụta uche nke akọwapụtara site na ahụmịhe onwe onye nke Evans nke ọdachi, ịhụnanya, ihe mgbu na obi mgbawa. == Discography == === Albọm Studio === * ''Okwukwe'' (1995) * ''Debe Okwukwe'' (1998) * ''N'ikwesị ntụkwasị obi'' (2001) * The First Lady (2005) * A Faithful Christmas (2005) * ''Ihe Banyere Okwukwe'' (2010) * Incomparable (2014) === Albọm mmekorita === * The King & I (2017) == Njem == * Keep the Faith Tour (1999) * The First Lady Tour (2005) * Ihe Banyere Faith Tour (2010–11) * An Evening with Faith (2012) * Faith Evans Live (2013) * Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour (2016–17) == Ihe nkiri == * 2000: Turn It Up * 2003: The Fighting Temptations * 2009: Notorious * 2011: Soul Kittens Cabaret * 2017: ''Njem Ụmụ agbọghọ'' * 2020: Ezi na Egwuregwu 2: Akụkọ Gena == Television == * 2012: R&B Divas: Atlanta (Onye Mmepụta na Onye isi) * 2013: R&B Divas: Los Angeles (Onye Mmepụta) * 2015: Real Husbands of Hollywood (Guest Star) * 2015; 2016–19 Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (Guest Star & Main Cast) * 2016: Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood (Guest Star) * 2016: ''Rupaul's Drag Race'' (Onyeikpe ọbịa) * 2018: ''Marvel's Luke Cage'' (Singer at Club) * 2021: The Masked Singer (Skunk)  == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160816165735/http://www.faithevansmusic.com/ Ebe ọrụ gọọmentị] * {{IMDb name|262751}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220927105608/http://www.bluesandsoul.com/feature/611/faith_evans_ever_faithful/ Ajụjụ ọnụ Faith Evans nke Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' November 2010] * [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,6903,1524881,00.html Ajụjụ ọnụ ''The Observer'', 2005] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060409155647/http://www.vibe.com/news/magazine_features/2005/05/vibe_cover_story_faith_evans_widows_peak/ Ajụjụ ọnụ ''Vibe'', 2005] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1hctioonx6hfg5gmuwaejc4cb7riynv 0 14152 727853 138936 2026-09-25T07:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jay Electronica (41260369624).jpg|thumb|Jay Electronica (41260369624)]]{{Databox}} Elpadaro F. Electronica Allah (amụrụ '''Timothy Elpadaro Thedford'''; ụbọchị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Septemba, n'afọ 1976), nke a maara dịka '''Jay Electronica''' (nke a na-akpọ '''J A Y E L E C T R O N I C A'''), bụ onye America na-eti egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://listen.tidal.com/album/134189334/credits|title=Credits / A Written Testimony / J A Y E L E C T R O N I C A|publisher=[[Tidal (service)|Tidal]]|accessdate=May 6, 2020}}</ref> O bu ụzọ nweta nlebara anya na 2007, mgbe ewepụtara mixtape mbụ ya, Act I: Eternal Sunshine (The Pledge). Ihe ịga nke ọma nke mixtape a kpọtụrụ aha na otu egwu "Exhibit C" mechara mee ka onye egwu America ibe ya bụ Jay-Z bịanye aka na Electronica na akara ndekọ ya, Roc Nation na 2010. E wepụtara abọm studio mbụ ya, A Written Testimony na 2020 ma soro Act II: The Patents of Nobility (The Turn) mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ịkọ nkọ na igbu oge gasịrị. == Mmalite ndụ == [[Usòrò:Jay Electronica.jpg|thumb]] N'ike mmụọ nsọ LL Cool J, Jay Electronica malitere ịkụ egwu ógè ọ dị afọ iri. O tolitere na Magnolia Projects na New Orleans, Louisiana's 3rd Ward ma gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Katọlik nke ụmụ nwoke niile St. Augustine High School. Electronica hapụrụ New Orleans dị ka onye na-eto eto na ngwụsị afọ 1990 na ebumnuche ịkwaga [[New York City]] mana ọ kwụsịrị na Atlanta. Electronica nwere "ihe ịrịba ama gburugburu na-akwụ ụgwọ ugbu a màkà Olimpik." Na Atlanta, ọ nabatara ozizi Elijah Muhammad site na Five-Percent Nation tupu ọ gaa n'ihu ịghọ onye debanyere aha na Nation of Islam n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na [[Chicago]]. == Ọrụ egwu == N'afọ 2007, Jay Electronica wepụtara mixtape izizi ya, Act I: Eternal Sunshine (The Pledge), site na MySpace. Ebudatara ya ihe karịrị ugboro puku iri ise.<ref name="Boombox">{{Cite web|url=https://theboombox.com/revisiting-jay-electronica-act-one-the-pledge/|title=REVISITING… JAY ELECTRONICA'S 'ACT I: THE PLEDGE'|author=Sweeney Kovar|date=October 10, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2020|work=The Boombox}}</ref> Ihe ịga nke ọma ahụ na katalọgụ ya mere ka Electronica sonye na Rock the Bells Tour n'afọ 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Tribe Called Quest, Nas, Pharcyde Lead Rock the Bells 2008|date=April 22, 2008|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/a-tribe-called-quest-nas-pharcyde-lead-rock-the-bells-2008-89516/|publisher=Rolling Stone|accessdate=March 12, 2020}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, onye na-emepụta Just Blaze na Jay Electronica họọrọ egwu n'ihe banyere ọrụ GAIN nke Guitar Center, Fresh Cuts Vol. 3 ma tinye egwu (nke a na-akpọghị aha ya na mbụ) nke Just Blaze kpọrọ "Exhibit A (Transformations)."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guitar Center Helps Employees Release Their Music with Fresh Cuts Vol. 3 Compilation CD|url=https://www.guitarplayer.com/.amp/miscellaneous/guitar-center-helps-employees-release-their-music-with-fresh-cuts-vol-3-compilation-cd|work=Guitar Player|accessdate=March 12, 2020}}</ref> Just Blaze ga-emesị (ọnwa Ọctoba ụbọchị iri abụọ na asaa, n'afọ 2009) malite "Exhibit C" na Tony Touch's Sirius Radio program, ebe ọ jidere ngwa ngwa, na-aga n'ụlọ ọrụ redio dị n'elu ala dị ka New York's Hot 97 na-emepụta remixes site na MCs AZ, N.O.R.E, Saigon, Joell Ortiz na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Just Blaze debuts Jay Electronica's "Exhibit C" and more on Toca Tuesday (Updated w/ lyrics)|url=http://www.missinfo.tv/index.php/just-blaze-debuts-jay-electronicas-exhibit-c-and-more-on-toca-tuesday/|publisher=Miss Info|accessdate=March 12, 2020|archivedate=December 3, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203143842/http://www.missinfo.tv/index.php/just-blaze-debuts-jay-electronicas-exhibit-c-and-more-on-toca-tuesday/}}</ref> Agha ịgba akwụkwọ sochiri Jay mechara bịanye aka (ọnwa Nọvemba n'ubochí irí na abụọ, n'afọ 2010) na Roc Nation. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-akwado ya na ndị nkatọ na-atụ anya mmalite zuru oke, mmepụta nke Electronica n'ime afọ iri sochirinụ nwere ụfọdụ mmekorita na abụ ndị na-abụghị album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/03/your-guide-to-the-mythology-of-jay-electronica.html|title=Your Guide to the Extended Mythology of Jay Electronica, Rap's Great Mystery|author=Thompson|first=Paul|date=March 13, 2020|work=Vulture|language=en-us|accessdate=March 27, 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị úbọchị asaá, n'afọ 2020, Jay Electronica kwupụtara site na Twitter<ref>{{Cite web|title=Album Done .|url=https://twitter.com/jayelectronica/status/1225645387681107968?s=21|work=Twitter|publisher=J A Y E L E C T R O N I C A @JayElectronica|accessdate=March 12, 2020}}</ref> mmecha nke abọm ya, A Written Testimony, nke e dekọrọ n'ime ụbọchị iri anọ. E wepụtara ya na March 13, 2020. N'ọnwa Ọktọba ụbọchị ịse, n'afọ 2020, Jay Electronica kwupụtara site na Twitter na abọm ya a na-ebutebeghị, Act II: The Patents of Nobility (The Turn), dị maka mgbasa ozi na Tidal mgbe abọm ahụ pụtara n'ịntanetị ụbọchị abụọ tupu. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, e gosipụtara Jay Electronica na egwu "Jesus Lord" nke ewepụtara na abọm Kanye West bụ Donda<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/8/kanye-west-donda-album-producers-guest-artists-features-full-list|title=Full List of Producers and Guest Artists on Kanye West's 'DONDA'|author=Caraan|first=Sophie|date=August 29, 2021|work=HypeBeast|language=en-us|accessdate=August 30, 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == [[Usòrò:Jay_Electronica_(41260364194).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Jay Electronica na-eme ihe nkiri na 2018]] Jay Electronica na [[Erykah Badu]] nwere mmekọrịta ruo afọ ise ma nwee nwa nwanyị, a mụrụ n'afọ 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Mars Merkaba, Erykah Badu's Younger Daughter Who Just Turned 11 in Beautiful Pics|url=https://news.amomama.com/193384-meet-erykah-badus-younger-daughter-mars.html|author=Fiyin|first=Olowokandi|date=February 10, 2020|work=news.amomama.com|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> Jay Electronica na Kate Emma Rothschild, nwunye Benjamin Goldsmith, nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, nke butere ka alụmdi na nwunye Goldsmith daa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Beckford|first=Martin|title=Jay Electronica: I'll 'come see' you, threatens Ben Goldsmith's rap star love rival|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9350262/Jay-Electronica-Ill-come-see-you-threatens-Ben-Goldsmiths-rap-star-love-rival.html|work=Daily Telegraph|publisher=Daily Telegraph|accessdate=March 25, 2020|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width: 85%;" ! scope="col" |Nhazi ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Category ! scope="col" |Ọrụ a họpụtara ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Grammy Awards | rowspan="2" |2021 |Abọm Rap kacha mma |''Ihe akaebe e dere ede'' |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref name="Grammys">{{Cite web|date=November 24, 2020|title=2021 GRAMMYs: Complete Nominees List|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/2021-grammys-complete-nominees-list|accessdate=November 24, 2020|work=[[Grammy.com]]|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106235118/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/2021-grammys-complete-winners-nominees-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |} == Ndetu == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * :::::::Magnetik7::::::: (come on in, the water's fine.) at the Wayback Machine (archived February 4, 2005) - Old official web site (2004–2005) * [http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/video-archive/lectures/jay_electronica_exhibit_ldn Ajụjụ ọnụ vidiyo nke Jay Electronica na redbullmusicacademy.com] * Just Blaze, Jay Electronica, & Mike "Chav" Chavarria - Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Jay, Chav, & Just Blaze * Exclaim! ajụjụ ọnụ magazin na Jay Electronica-Exclaim! [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 21g3rs9o57x5jqvfyhuw1paw3ffksac 0 14155 727612 705130 2026-09-24T12:53:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malcolm Greenidge''' (amụrụ n'ubochí asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị, n'afọ 1974), nke a maara dị ka E.D.I Mean na '''EDIDON''', bụ onye America na-ese egwu hip hop na onye otu Outlawz . Aha a bụ egwuregwu na aha [[Idi Amin]], onye bụbu onye isi ala Uganda. Mgbe ọ nọ na klas nke atọ, Malcolm ghọrọ enyi Katari "Kastro" Cox onye mechara kpọbata ya na nwa nwanne nna ya, Tupac Shakur.<ref name="profile">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hitemup.com/outlawz/profiles-edi.html|title=Outlawz - Profiles, HitEmUp.com<!-- Bot generated title -->|accessdate=March 5, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120202758/http://www.hitemup.com/outlawz/profiles-edi.html|archivedate=November 20, 2008}}</ref> == Dramacydal == N'afọ 1992, Kastro, Greenidge, na nwanne Tupac bụ Yafeu "Kadafi" Fula, guzobere otu rap atọ. Greenridge bịdọrọ ịkụ egwu n'okpuru aha "Big Malcolm". Mmadụ atọ ahụ gara n'okpuru aha Thoro Headz na Young Thugs . Ka ọ na-erule ógè ahụ, Tupac aghọwo onye egwu rap ma hapụ ha ka ha bụrụ ndị ọbịa pụta na egwu ya, "Holla If Ya Hear Me", nke ewepụtara n'ubochí ànó n'ọnwa Febụwarị, afọ 1993. N'afọ 1994, Mutah "Napoleon" Beale sonyeere otu ahụ, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Dramacydal. Na Machị 14, 1995, Tupac's LP, Me Against the World, wepụtara. Ndị ọbịa ha pụtara na egwu "Me Against the World" na "Outlaw".<ref name="outlawz">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/HitEmUpcom/|title=Hit 'Em Up|work=Facebook.com|accessdate=April 3, 2020}}</ref> == Outlawz == N'afọ 1995, ógè a tọhapụrụ Tupac n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, Greenidge, Tupac, Bruce "Fatal" Washington, Kadafi, Mopreme Shakur, Kastro, na Napoleon guzobere otu Outlaw Immortalz, mechara gbanwee gaa na Outlawz. Tupac nyere onye ọ bụla so n'òtù ahụ aha njirimara site n'aka onye iro nke [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States of America]]. Shakur nyere Greenidge aha njirimara E.D.I. Mean mgbe onye bụbu [[Uganda|onye]] isi ala Uganda bụ [[Idi Amin]].<ref name="musilim">{{Cite web|url=http://famousmuslims.muslimonline.org/napoleon-mutah-wassin-shabazz-beale.html|title=muslimonline.org|work=Famousmuslims.muslimonline.org|accessdate=April 3, 2020|archivedate=January 2, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102052152/http://famousmuslims.muslimonline.org/napoleon-mutah-wassin-shabazz-beale.html}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'ubochí irí na ato, n'afọ 1996, a tọhapụrụ LP abụọ nke Tupac, ''All Eyez on Me'' . E.D.I. Mean pụtara na "Tradin' War Stories", "When We Ride", na "Thug Passion."<ref name="profile"/> N'ubochí ànó n'ọnwa Juun, n'afọ 1996, Tupac wepụtara "How Do U Want It". Akụkụ b ya, "Hit 'Em Up", gosipụtara E.D.I. Mean, Fatal na Kadafi. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime egwu diss kachasị ike na akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-agbagha Bad Boy Entertainment, Chino XL, Junior M.A.F.I.A. na Mobb Deep . N'ubochí asaá n'ọnwa Septemba, n'afọ 1996, a gbagburu Tupac ugboro anọ na ịgba égbè na Las Vegas, Nevada. E bugara ya na University Medical Center ebe ọ nwụrụ ógè ụbọchị isii gasịrị. E.D.I. Mean nọ n'ụgbọala n'azụ Tupac, mana o kwuru na ya enweghị ike ịmata onye gburu ọchụ ahụ. E.D.I. Mean na ndị ọzọ nke Outlawz laghachiri na East Coast ógè Shakur nwụsịrị. N'ubochí isé n'ọnwa Nọvemba, n'afọ 1996, Tupac's LP, The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory, wepụtara. E.D.I. Mean pụtara na egwu atọ, "Intro / Bomb First (My Second Reply)," "Life Of An Outlaw" na "Just Like Daddy . A gbagburu Kadafi n'isi na [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]] mgbe ọ na-eleta enyi ya nwanyị nke gburu ya ozugbo na Nọvemba 10 naanị ụbọchị ise ka ewepụtara album Tupac. A hụrụ ya ka ọ na-eyi uwe mgbochi mgbọ.<ref name="profile"/> N'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 1997, E.D.I. Mean na ndị ọzọ nke Outlawz minus Fatal laghachiri [[California]] wee bịanye aka na Death Row Records. N'ọnwa Nọvemba n'ubochí iri abụọ na isé, n'afọ 1997, Tupac's double LP, "R U Still Down? A tọhapụrụ (Cheta m). E.D.I. Mean mepụtara egwu isii na ya, "Redemption", "Thug Style", "Fuck All Y'all", "Let Them Thangs Go", "When I Get Free", na "Enemies With Me." Na Disemba 21, 1999, ewepụtara abọm mbụ nke Outlawz, Still I Rise .<ref name="interview">{{Cite web|url=http://www.7daynet.com/outlawz/interviews.htm|title=7Daynet.com - Tha Outlawz : Les Interviews<!-- Bot generated title -->|accessdate=March 5, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206145743/http://www.7daynet.com/outlawz/interviews.htm|archivedate=February 6, 2007}}</ref> N'afọ 1999, ndị Outlawz, ma e wezụga Fatal, onye ugbu a nwere nghọtahie ugbu a na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na ha arara Tupac nye site na ịbanye na Death Row, bidoro Outlawz Records wee wepụta LPs nke abụọ na nke atọ, ''Ride Wit Us Or Collide Wit Us'' na ''Novakane'', n'ubochí asaá n'ọnwa Nọvemba, n'afọ 2000 na ụbọchị iri abụọ na àtó n'ọnwa Ọktoba, afọ 2001.<ref name="outlawz"/> == Discography == === Abọm naanị ya === * 2010: The Stash Spot<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003DEC3SW|title=The Stash Spot by Edidon on Amazon|work=Amazon.com|accessdate=April 3, 2020}}</ref> * 2013: O.G. Est. 1992<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/o-g-est-1992/651001245|title=O.G. Est. 1992 by Edidon on iTunes|work=Itunes.apple.com|accessdate=April 3, 2020}}</ref> * 2015: The Hope Dealer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-hope-dealer-pt.-1/id1064278765|title=The Hope Dealer, Pt. 1 by Edidon on iTunes|work=Itunes.apple.com|accessdate=April 3, 2020}}</ref> * 2018: ''The Hope Dealer 2''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-hope-dealer-pt-2/1445470940|title=The Hope Dealer, Pt. 2 by Edidon on iTunes|work=Itunes.apple.com|accessdate=April 3, 2020}}</ref> * 2020: O.G. Nkebi nke 2: Classics na nnọkọ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/o-g-vol-2-classics-in-session/1507454485|title=O.G. Part 2: Classics in Session by Edi Mean on iTunes|work=Itunes.apple.com|accessdate=May 1, 2020}}</ref> === Albọm mmekorita === * 2002: Blood Brothers (ya na Kastro) * 2006: ''Against All Oddz'' (ya na Young Noble) * 2008: Doin' It Big (na 8Ball) * 2015: Ghetto Starz: Streets to the Stage (na Nutt-So)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/ghetto-starz-streets-to-stage/id993053008|title=Ghetto Starz: Streets to the Stage by Edidon & Nuttso on iTunes|work=Itunes.apple.com|accessdate=April 3, 2020|archive-date=December 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216163036/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/ghetto-starz-streets-to-stage/id993053008|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Single === * 2013: "No Lights On" (feat. Stormey Coleman & Redcoat da Poet) * 2015: "The Move-ment" * 2015: "#W!NU4" (feat. Deladiea & DJ Stay Turnt Up) * 2016: "Ịhụnanya Ga-eme" * 2016: "Visions" (Sacx One & Dr. X feat. Edidon) * 2017: "Wounds" (feat. Young Noble) * 2018: "Dreams" (feat. Aktual) * 2020: "Roses" * 2020: 'Ridin' * 2021: "One Nation" (feat. Xzibit) * 2021: "21 Gun Salute" (feat. C-Bo & Ajayofficial) === Ngosipụta ndị ọbịa === * 1996: "Bomb First (My Second Reply)" (<small>Makaveli</small> featuring E.D.I. Mean & <small>Young Noble</small>) * 1998: "Young Ritzy Outlaw" (Gonzoe featuring E.D.I. Mean) * 2000: "Thug Livin" (Part II) (<small>Killa Tay</small> featuring Cosmo & E.D.I. Mean) * 2001: "Good Life" (<small>2Pac</small> featuring <small>Big Syke</small> & E.D.I. Mean) * 2002: "Never B Peace (Nitty Remix)" (<small>2Pac</small> featuring Kastro & E.D.I. Mean) * 2002: "Out Of Position" (<small>Hellraza</small> featuring E.D.I.<small>)</small> * 2002: "Get Doe" (<small>Hellraza</small> featuring Akwalla, Phats Bossi & E.D.I. Mean) * 2002: "My Niggaz" (<small>Big Syke</small> featuring E.D.I. Mean & <small>Young Noble</small>) * 2002: "Because Of U Girl (OG Mix)" (<small>[[Daz Dillinger]]</small> featuring Storm & E.D.I. Mean) * 2004: "The Uppercut" (<small>2Pac</small> featuring E.D.I. Mean & <small>Young Noble</small>) * 2004: "Hennessey (Red Spyda Remix)" (<small>2Pac</small> featuring <small>Sleepy Brown</small> & E.D.I. Mean) * 2009: "Ice Kold" (Tha Realest featuring E.D.I. Mean) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080828042444/http://outlawzmedia.net/ Official website] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements]] n69g7wlut0glgg9nniw31w24jmuf2or 0 14181 727896 697023 2026-09-25T10:32:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jozia''' (onye a mụrụ n'afọ 1993) bụ onye South Africa na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu, onye nduzi na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ na-agụ egwu n'asụsụ Sepedi, Zulu, Xhsosa, Xevenda na Bekee. == Ọrụ egwu == A mụrụ Jozia n'afọ 1991 na Daveyton, obodo dị nso na Johannesburg. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Cape Town iji kwado ọmụmụ egwu ya nke o mechara malite n'afọ 2015 na COPA na Johannesburg. N'oge a, ọ dekọtala ọtụtụ egwu na ekwentị mkpanaaka ya, nke dabere na ụda olu na ụda egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joziamusic.com/about|title=About Jozia|work=Official Website of Jozia}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa [[Switzerland]] idekọ egwu ya na morph2 Recording Studio na Zurich ebe ya na onye ọjọọ ụbọ si Ducth bụ Jordi Kemperman na Onye British bu injinia ụda bu Nigel Hilbourne na-arụkọ ọrụ. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị EP mbụ ya bu At Last na labelụ egwu German RecordJet, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ole na ole mbụ ya na [[Switzerland]] na [[Netherlands]], gụnyere na Openair Literature Festival Zurich .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/at-last-ep/id1083559785|title=At Last on iTunes|work=Apple Music|access-date=2022-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516173521/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/at-last-ep/id1083559785|archive-date=2017-05-16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presskit.to/jozia#/about/wins|title=Concerts in Europe 2016|work=Review on presskit.to|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2017-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163123/https://www.presskit.to/jozia#/about/wins}}</ref> Na Machị 2017, o wepụtara abọm mbụ ya zuru ezu nke akpọrọ ''Mamokebe'', nke ya na Kevin Leicher dekọrọ na Darkstar Studio na Johannesburg ma mepụta ya site na Foundation Society of Arts nke Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/album/mamokebe/id1215919784|title=Mamokebe on iTunes|work=Apple Music|access-date=2022-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414164057/https://itunes.apple.com/album/mamokebe/id1215919784|archive-date=2017-04-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ntọhapụ ahụ na-esonyere vidiyo egwu anọ, nke e mere n'ebe dị iche iche na US, Mexico, Europe na Africa.<ref name="deezer.com">{{Cite web|url=http://femmusic.com/wp/index.php/2017/03/30/jozia-mamokebe/|title=Video of the Month – April 2017|work=Femmusic.com – Online magazine dedicated to emerging women in music.|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2022-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125180738/https://femmusic.com/wp/index.php/2017/03/30/jozia-mamokebe/}}</ref> == NoỤdịdị egwu == Ọ bụ ezie na e jiriwo Jozia tụnyere ụmụ nwanyị na-abụ abụ dị ka Tracy Chapman ma ọ bụ [[Erykah Badu]], ọ na-arụtu aka na ndị na-ese ihe dịka [[Björk]], David Bowie, Thom Yorke, na Amy Winehouse dị ka ndị isi mkpali mmụọ ya na ịchụso akara aka egwu na nka ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Radiointerview with Jozia led by Elorm Nutakor on kcou.fm 7 April 2017, 3 pm CST|work=Radio Station at the University of Missouri-Columbia, USA}}</ref> Okwu ya na-egosipụta ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere ya na ndụ ya na South Africa yana oge ọ nọrọ na mba ọzọ, na-eme ngosipụta nyocha isiokwu dịka ịhụnanya na [[wiktionary:loss|ọnwụ]], mkpọkọta na nkewa, oge uto na njirimara, [[Ịgbó|marihuana]] na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya - nke a na-ejikarị okwu, mgbagwoju anya uri na ọchị aghụghọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://djolo.net/decouverte-jozia-lappel-de-sirene-sud-africaine/|title=Découverte : Jozia, l’appel de la sirène sud-africaine|work=French Music Magazine Djolo.net}}</ref> == Discografị == === EPs === * 2016: ''N'ikpeazụ'' === Ndị dị otu === * 2017: "Dlozilame" * 2017: "Mamokebe" * 2017: "Julio" * 2017: "Njalo" === Albọm === * 2017: ''Mamokebe'' == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220607092134/https://www.joziamusic.com/ Jozia] Official Website * Vidio [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ild0hoE0Wac Mamokebe] * Vidio [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ewtrC8BfeM Dlozilame] * Vidio [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2cQqNp63u8 Julio] * Vidio [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOLjkfNErn0 Njalo] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5sxravupqn7zaomgj7xaefgl0pqaqcn 0 14251 727810 725742 2026-09-25T03:46:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ike Ekweremadu''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 12 n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1962) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ọka iwu si [[Ȯra Enugu|Enugu Steeti]] nke jere ozi na Senate nke Naịjirịa kemgbe Mee afọ 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-05-17|title=Ekweremadu at 51 - a profile in grace|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/ekweremadu-at-51-a-profile-in-grace/|accessdate=2022-02-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] ma bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu Naịjirịa ugboro atọ n'usoro (6th, 7th na 8th) senate.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019|title=The Nigerian National Assembly|journal=Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8|issn=2198-7262}}</ref> E jidere ya maka iweta nwatakịrị na UK maka iwe ihe ubi nke akụkụ ahụ na 23 June 2022. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Two charged with child organ-harvesting conspiracy|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-61908876|work=BBC News|date=2022-06-23|accessdate=2022-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Ike Ekweremadu n'afọ 1962 na Amachara Mpu na Aninri Local Government Area nke Enugu State, ọ bụkwa onye [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]]. O nwere nzere bachelọ na nzere masta na iwu na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke Naịjirịa]], a kpọkwara ya na Nigerian Bar na 1987. O nwekwara nzere Doctor of Philosophy na iwu na Mahadum nke Abuja, Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|title=About Senator Ike Ekweremadu|publisher=Senator Ike Ekweremadu|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812202615/http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|archivedate=August 12, 2009}}</ref> == Nhọpụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == A họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke Aninri Local Government Council n'elu ikpo okwu nke United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP) n'afọ 1997 wee merie onye isi oche kacha mma nke afọ ahụ, na 1997.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ogbonnia|first=Chiedozie Alex|date=May 18, 2013|title=Ekweremadu at 51 – a profile in grace|work=Vanguard Newspaper|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/ekweremadu-at-51-a-profile-in-grace/|accessdate=August 31, 2021}}</ref> A họpụtara Chief Ekweremadu ka ọ bụrụ Chief of staff nke gọvanọ Enugu steeti n'afọ 1999 wee jee ozi n'ọkwa ahụ ruo afọ 2001. E mechara họpụta ya dịka odeakwụkwọ nke Gọọmentị Enugu Steeti n'afọ 2001 wee jee ozi ruo afọ 2002. == Ọrụ Senatorial == [[Usòrò:Huriwa2gk-is-565.png|alt=|thumb|The Guardian na onye bụbu Kọmishọna Federal nke Nigerian National Human Rights Commission [NHRC] Comrade Emmanuel Onwubiko na-akwado nleta na osote onye isi oche Senate Senator Ike Ekweremadu]] Na Eprel 12, 2003, a họpụtara ya na Senate nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://odili.net/news/source/2003/jun/16/66.html|title=Shady Deals|date=June 8, 2003|publisher=Newswatch Communications Limited|accessdate=2009-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425080829/http://odili.net/news/source/2003/jun/16/66.html|archivedate=April 25, 2006}}</ref> Na Septemba 2003, dịka osote onye isi oche nke kọmitii sineti na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi, Chief Ekweremadu kwuru na sineti ga-eme nnyocha siri ike banyere ebubo iri ngo nke onye ozi Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Mallam Nasir el-Rufai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24459480_ITM|title=Senate Resolves to Probe FCT Minister's Bribery Allegation.|date=September 18, 2003|publisher=Vanguard (Nigeria)|accessdate=2009-09-13}}</ref> Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Nasir El-Rufai na sineti nọgidere na-abụ onye iro, e mechara bo El-Rufai ebubo nrụrụ aka na 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3634616.stm|title=Profile: Mallam Nasir el-Rufai|publisher=BBC News|date=7 September 2004|accessdate=2009-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7796203.stm|title=Nigeria ex-minister is wanted man|publisher=BBC News|date=22 December 2008|accessdate=2009-09-13}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, Senator Kenechukwu Nnamani meriri Ike Ekweremadu n'ọsọ maka onye isi oche nke Senate nke Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=13754|title=Nnamani Emerges Senate President|publisher=This Day Online|date=April 5, 2005|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050426130323/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=13754|archivedate=2005-04-26}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2006, dịka ọnụ na-ekwuru ndị Southern Senators' Forum, Ekweremadu gọrọ ebubo na ha mere nkwekọrịta iji weghachite ike na North na ntuli aka 2007. N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2006, Onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] gwara ndị Sineti ka ha nyochaa akụkọ nke Economic and Financial Crimes Commission nke boro osote onye isi ala [[Atiku Abubakar]] ebubo aghụghọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obasanjo Can't Declare VP Post Vacant- Nigeria Court {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/archive/obasanjo-cant-declare-vp-post-vacant-nigeria-court|accessdate=2021-01-23|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117152135/https://www.voanews.com/archive/obasanjo-cant-declare-vp-post-vacant-nigeria-court|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ike Ekweremadu kwere nkwa iguzobe kọmitii nyocha nke a ga-enyefe akụkọ ya na Senate, ọ bụ ezie na o kwuru na mmegide ga-esi ike ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-achọ ọnụọgụ abụọ n'ime atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriquechos.ch/article.php3?id_article=1620|language=fr|title=Olusegun Obasanjo accuse de fraude son vice-Président , l'un des favoris à la présidentielle de 2007|date=September 11, 2006|publisher=Afriqu'Echos Magazine|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726100106/http://www.afriquechos.ch/article.php3?id_article=1620|archivedate=July 26, 2011}}</ref> A kpọghachiri Ekweremadu na ntuli aka nke 29 Eprel 2007 Nigerian National Assembly, ma họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche sineti. E nyere ya ọrụ inyefe ọkwa onye isi oche kọmitii nke e kenyere mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-eme mkpebi ndị isi sematọs na-amaghị dịka Senator [[Chris Anyanwu]], bụ ndị na-enwetaghị ọkwa ha chọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.champion-newspapers.com/saturday%20files/saturday%20newsfile/weekend%20politics/article4.htm|title=How S/East senators have fared|publisher=Saturday Champion|date=September 14, 2009|accessdate=2009-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815222353/http://www.champion-newspapers.com/saturday%20files/saturday%20newsfile/weekend%20politics/article4.htm|archivedate=August 15, 2008}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2007, Ekweremadu nyere aka n'ịkwụsị mmegide maka nhọpụta esemokwu nke Ojo Maduekwe n'ọkwa onye ozi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2007/july/12/national-12-07-2007-006.htm|title=Senate screens Agusto, Odey, Ruma 4 others • Coast appears clear for Maduekwe|publisher=The Daily Sun|date=July 12, 2007|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20080229190434/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2007/july/12/national-12-07-2007-006.htm|archivedate=February 29, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200711230375.html|title=Upgrading of Enugu Airport - Before the Drums Roll Out|publisher=Daily Champion|date=23 November 2007|accessdate=2009-09-13}}</ref> Mgbe e boro onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke onye isi ala [[Umaru Yar'Adua]], David Edevbie, ebubo na Septemba afọ 2009 n'ụlọ ikpe Britain maka nrụrụ aka nammefu ego, Ekweremadu jụrụ ịnara ọkwa, na-ekwu na ọ maghị eziokwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5458722-146/story.csp|title=Senators see no evil|publisher=TIMBUKTU MEDIA|date=September 13, 2009|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924103545/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5458722-146/story.csp|archivedate=September 24, 2009}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, a kpọrọ Ekweremadu onye isi oche nke kọmitii ga-eme ntuli aka mbụ maka onye na-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ nke Peoples Democratic Party maka [[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Anambra Steeti]]. === Senatorial Election 2011 === A họpụtara Ekweremadu ọzọ dịka Senator maka Enugu West na ntuli aka Eprel 2011, na-enweta votu 112,806. Onye kacha bụrụ onye na-esote ya bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa nke Peoples for Democratic Change (PDC), Jackson Ezeoffor, onye nwetara vootu 7,522.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/02/why-i-endorsed-chime-ekweremadus-re-election-bid-mark/|title=Why I endorsed Chime, Ekweremadu's re-election bid- Mark|date=27 February 2011}}</ref> === Senatorial Election 2019 === Na Febụwarị 23, 2019, a họpụtara Ekweremadu ọzọ dịka onye omeiwu na-anọchite anya mpaghara ndị omeiwu nke Enugu West maka oge nke ise na-esote ebe o nwetara ọnụ ọgụgụ vootu 86,088 iji merie onye iro ya kacha nso, Oriakụ Juliet Ibekaku-Nwagwu nke [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) onye nwetara vootu 15,187.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/ekweremadu-wins-5th-senate-term/|title=Ekweremadu wins 5th Senate term|date=25 February 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 2019, Ekweremadu meriri n'ọkwa ya ịbụ osote onye isi oche nke Sineti nke itoolu nke Naijiria. Ekweremadu zọrọ mpi megide Ovie Omo-Agege onye nwetara vootu iri isii na asatọ iji pụta Onye mmeri.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Breaking: Ekweremadu loses bid to become Deputy Senate President|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/breaking-omo-agege-emerges-new-deputy-senate-president/|accessdate=11 June 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=11 June 2019}}</ref> N'isi ụtụtụ Tuesday, o weghachiri ụgbọala ndị isi ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=JUST IN: Ike Ekweremadu returns official vehicles|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/just-ike-ekweremadu-returns-official-vehicles/|accessdate=14 June 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=11 June 2019}}</ref> Ekweremadu egosila na ọ ga-ala ezumike nká na Senate nke Naijiria site n'ịghara ịzọ ọkwa na 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekweremadus-decision-to-quit-better-late-than-never/|title=Ekweremadu's decision to quit: Better late than never|date=19 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2022|archivedate=7 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607165936/https://guardian.ng/politics/ekweremadus-decision-to-quit-better-late-than-never/}}</ref> === '''2022 owuwe ihe ubi akụkụ ahụ mmadụ''' === Na 23 June 2022, Ekweremadu boro ya na Beatrice Nwanneka Ekweremadu ebubo na ha na-agba mbọ ịhazi njem nwata na UK. E chebere nwa ahụ. Nnyocha na-aga n'ihu kemgbe Mee 2022 mgbe ndị uwe ojii mepere emepe mara maka mmejọ ndị nwere ike ime n'okpuru iwu ịgba ohu ọgbara ọhụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Two people charged with conspiracy offences linked to allegations of organ harvesting|url=https://news.met.police.uk/news/two-people-charged-with-conspiracy-offences-linked-to-allegations-of-organ-harvesting-450143|work=Mynewsdesk|accessdate=2022-06-23|language=en|archivedate=2022-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627110326/https://news.met.police.uk/news/two-people-charged-with-conspiracy-offences-linked-to-allegations-of-organ-harvesting-450143}}</ref> == ECOWAS == N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, a họpụtara ya ka ọ na-edu kọmitii pụrụ iche nke Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) iji rụọ ọrụ maka nlọghachi usoro iwu na [[Niger|Niger Republic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200909110710.html|title=Ekweremadu Heads Ecowas Committee In Country|publisher=Daily Trust|date=September 11, 2009|accessdate=2009-09-13}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu ECOWAS wee pụta onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu mpaghara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/08/ekweremadu-at-ecowas/|title=Ekweremadu at ECOWAS|date=17 August 2011}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ == * CFR, Knight of the Good Shepherd, Ikeoha Ndigbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/389|title=Home|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2020-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713002906/https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/389}}</ref> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Cite web|url=http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|title=About Senator Ike Ekweremadu|publisher=Senator Ike Ekweremadu|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812202615/http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|archivedate=August 12, 2009}} {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[Speaker of ECOWAS Parliament]]|before=[[Mahamane Ousmane]]|after=Incumbent|years=2011-}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hxo3l9jd2zifyhxqd9e543nap7dixji 0 14291 727877 186888 2026-09-25T09:06:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727877 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''John Adedayo Bamidele Adegboyega''' {{Audio|Yo-John Boyega.ogg|Audio}} (a mụrụ na 17 Machị 1992), onye a maara dịka '''John Boyega''', bụ onye Britain na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Boyega opens up about 'Star Wars' {{sic|experince|hide=y}}, highlights limits of representation|url=https://www.dailytargum.com/article/2020/09/john-boyega-opens-up-star-wars|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=The Daily Targum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-04|title=Hollywood Actor John Boyega plans N8 billion Nollywood movie|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/264041-hollywood-actor-john-boyega-plans-n8-billion-nollywood-movie.html|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=Premium Times|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-19|title=John Boyega represents Nigeria at Star Wars premiere|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/12/john-boyega-represents-nigeria-at-star-wars-premiere/|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=John Boyega calls out Disney over treatment of non-white actors in Star Wars|url=https://punchng.com/john-boyega-calls-out-disney-over-treatment-of-non-white-actors-in-star-wars/|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=Punch Newspapers|date=3 September 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> O bu ụzọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na obodo ya bụ Britain maka ọrụ ya dịka Moses na ihe nkiri sci-fi na-atọ ọchị Attack the Block (2011), ọganihu ya na mba ụwa bịara na ọrụ ya dịka Finn nakwa Star Wars sequel trilogy films The Force Awakens (2015), The Last <nowiki><i id="mwIw">Jedi</i></nowiki> (2017), na The Rise of Skywalker (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-03|title=Boyega says he was 'pushed to the side' by Disney|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-54009780|accessdate=2022-03-12|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ihe ndị ọzọ o nwetara gụnyere ihe nkiri Imperial Dreams (2014), ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme ''Detroit'' (2017), ihe nkiri akụkọ sayensị Pacific Rim: Uprising (2018), nakwa ihe omume anọ nke ihe omume telivishọn ''24'': Live Another Day . O nwetara BAFTA Rising Star Award n'afọ 2016, na Trophée Chopard n'afọ 2016 Cannes Film Festival. E hotara ya dịka otu n'ime Top 100 kasị nwee mmetụta n'Afrịka site na magazin ''New African'' n'afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-07|title=Kenyan Diaspora Madowo named among top 100 most influential Africans|url=https://diasporamessenger.com/2020/12/kenyan-diaspora-madowo-named-among-top-100-most-influential-africans/|accessdate=2021-01-05|work=Diaspora Messenger News Media|language=en-US}}</ref> Boyega gosipụtara Leroy Logan na ihe omume nke atọ nke Steve McQueen's anthology series Small Axe (2020). Maka arụmọrụ ya, o ritere Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Series, Miniseries or Television Film na Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-56234587|title=Golden Globe Awards 2021: Nomadland and Borat win top awards|work=BBC News|date=March 2021}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == [[Usòrò:SDCC 2015 - J. J. Abrams, Lawrence Kasdan, John Boyega, Daisy Ridley & Oscar Isaac (19674332312).jpg|thumb]] A mụrụ Boyega na mpaghara Camberwell nke London ma tolite na Peckham. Nne na nna ya, Abigail (onye nlekọta) na Samson Adegboyega (onye ozi Pentikọstal) bụ ndị [[Naijiria]].<ref>{{Cite web|first=Cynthia|author=Okoroafor|url=http://venturesafrica.com/john-boyegas-adorable-nigerianess-is-half-the-rave-as-star-wars-premieres-worldwide/|title=Star Wars opens today, and star Nigerian John Boyega is stealing the spotlight|publisher=VENTURES AFRICA|date=17 December 2015|accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref> O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ tọrọ ya, Grace na Blessing.<ref name="BoyegaBritishGQ">{{Cite web|author=Famurewa|first=Jimi|date=2 September 2020|title=John Boyega: 'I'm the only cast member whose experience of ''Star Wars'' was based on their race'|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/john-boyega-interview-2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022023845/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/john-boyega-interview-2020|archivedate=22 October 2020|accessdate=26 October 2020|work=[[British GQ]]}}</ref> Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ agụ owuru n'egwuregwu na Oliver Goldsmith Primary School.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/john-boyega-attack-the-block#page2|title=The Attack of John Boyega|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|date=29 July 2011|accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Emma|date=28 January 2014|title=John Boyega: The Best of Next|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/john-boyega|work=Interview|accessdate=12 October 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ n'egwuregwu ọzọ n'ebe ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, Teresa Early, onye nduzi ǹkà nke Theatre Peckham, ụlọ ihe nkiri mmụta maka ndị na-eto eto bi na ndịda London hụrụ ya. Ọ mefuru oge ya n'ebe ahụ n'èzí ụlọ akwụkwọ site na afọ itoolu ruo afọ iri na anọ. E nwere akụkọ na nna ya chọrọ ka Boyega bụrụ onye ozi, mana Boyega gọnahụrụ nke a n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Sam Sanders nakwa Fresh Air, na-ekwu na nna ya kwadoro ọdịmma ihe nkiri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Jim|author=Palmer|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/14131333.Who_is_south_London___s_Star_Wars_actor_John_Boyega_/|title=Everything you need to know about John Boyega – from Peckham to Wandsworth to Greenwich to Star Wars Episode VII: The Force Awakens|work=News Shopper|date=8 December 2015|accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph20150424">{{Cite news|first=Camilla|author=Turner|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11561512/Star-Wars-The-boy-from-Peckham-who-stormed-Hollywood.html|title=Star Wars: John Boyega, the boy from Peckham who stormed Hollywood|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=24 April 2015|accessdate=22 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409095030/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11561512/Star-Wars-The-boy-from-Peckham-who-stormed-Hollywood.html|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Camilla|author=Turner|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11562734/Star-Wars-Five-things-you-didnt-know-about-John-Boyega.html|title=Star Wars: Five things you didn't know about John Boyega|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=25 April 2015|accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theatrepeckham.co.uk|title=Theatre Peckham|publisher=Theatre Peckham|accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref> Boyega na Grace so na ndị ikpeazụ hụrụ Damilola Taylor dị ndụ: ha bụ ndị enyi na ndị Boyegas nyere aka na-ele ya anya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/dec/23/star-wars-force-awakens-john-boyega-damilola-taylor-friend|title=Star Wars' John Boyega was one of last people to see Damilola Taylor alive, says father|work=The Guardian|date=23 December 2015|accessdate=7 June 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2003, Boyega malitere agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Westminster City School, ebe ọ nọ na mmepụta ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.owca.org.uk/index.php?url=memorable-owcs|title=Memorable OWCs|publisher=Old Westminster Citizens' Association|accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref> Site n'afọ 2008 ruo afọ 2010, ọ gara South Thames College na kọleji Wandsworth campus iji mụọ maka National Diploma in Performing Arts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.south-thames.ac.uk/latest-news/news/item/69-south-thames-to-star-wars-college-star-john-boyega-lands-role-in-a-galaxy-far-far-away.html|title=From South Thames to Star Wars: college star lands role in a Galaxy Far Far Away|publisher=[[South Thames College]]|date=2 May 2014|accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref> Ọrụ ya n'ebe ahụ gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ aha na mmepụta nke kọleji nke ''Othello''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.south-thames.ac.uk/latest-news/news/item/167-back-to-college-for-star-wars-actor.html|title=Back to college for Star Wars actor|publisher=[[South Thames College]]|date=16 November 2015|accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref> Ọ debara aha ya na Mahadum Greenwich iji mụọ maka BA na ọmụmụ ihe nkiri nakwa edemede mgbasa ozi, mana ọ kwụsịrị iji lekwasị anya na ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alumni.gre.ac.uk/NetCommunity/the-force-is-strong-with-greenwich|title=The Force is strong with Greenwich|publisher=[[University of Greenwich]]|date=17 December 2015|accessdate=31 January 2016|archivedate=9 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909142708/https://alumni.gre.ac.uk/2015/12/18/the-force-is-strong-with-greenwich/}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph20150424"/> Ọ na-enwe ọzụzụ na Identity School of Acting na London, wee bụrụ onye nlekọta nke alaka ya na Los Angeles mgbe ọ mepere na 2018.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://deadline.com/2018/09/john-boyega-letitia-wright-los-angeles-acting-school-identity-damson-idris-malachi-kirby-melanie-liburd-1202468160/|title=John Boyega, Letitia Wright & Damson Idris Among Patrons Of New LA Drama School|journal=Deadline|first=Andreas|author=Wiseman|date=20 September 2018|accessdate=16 December 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Josh_Wiggins_(Hellion),_John_Boyega_(Imperial_Dreams),_Kodi_Smit-McPhee_(Young_Ones)_and_Sharon_Swart_(12026188424).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Sundance Film Festival, 2014: John Boyega (nke abụọ site n'aka ekpe), ya na Josh Wiggins, Kodi Smit-McPhee na Sharon Swart (site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri)]] [[Usòrò:SDCC 2015 - John Boyega, Daisy Ridley & Oscar Isaac (19684515211).jpg|thumb]] Boyega nwetara ọzụzụ na Identity School of Acting na Hackney, ma pụta na Six Parties na National Theatre na Category B nakwa Tricycle Theatre tupu e nye ya ọrụ na ihe ''nkiri'' 2011 Attack the Block .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.identitydramaschool.com/_halloffame.htm|title=Hall of Fame|work=identitydramaschool.com|year=2012|accessdate=25 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713002415/http://www.identitydramaschool.com/_halloffame.htm|archivedate=13 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dvd365.net/featureitem.php?input=attacktheblock|title=Attack the Block feature item|work=dvd365.net|year=2012|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Jen|author=Yamato|url=http://movieline.com/2011/08/01/attack-the-blocks-john-boyega-on-going-from-hoodie-to-hero-and-taking-hollywood-by-storm/|title=Attack the Block's John Boyega on Going 'From Hoodie to Hero,' and Taking Hollywood by Storm|work=[[Movieline]]|date=1 August 2011|accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2011, HBO kwupụtara na a họpụtara Boyega na ihe nkiri ịkụ ọkpọ ''Da Brick'', dabere na ndụ Mike Tyson. A tụrụ anya na Boyega ga-egwu Donnie, onye a tọhapụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụaka n'ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri na asatọ wee malite inyocha ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ nwoke. Onye na-anya ụgbọelu ahụ, nke John Ridley dere, HBO ebuteghị ya.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Catriona|author=Wightman|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/ustv/news/a338187/john-boyega-to-star-in-mike-tyson-spike-lee-hbo-pilot-da-brick.html|title=John Boyega to star in Mike Tyson, Spike Lee HBO pilot 'Da Brick' – US TV News|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|date=1 September 2011|accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Morgan|author=Jeffery|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/ustv/news/a371123/da-brick-hbo-passes-on-mike-tyson-boxing-drama.html|title='Da Brick': HBO passes on Mike Tyson boxing drama – US TV News|publisher=Digital Spy|date=14 March 2012|accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref> Nakwa n'afọ 2011, Boyega mere ihe nkiri ''Junkhearts'' dịka Jamal, onye na-ere ọgwụ ọjọọ nke chọtara ụfọdụ égbè ma gbalịa ire ha. Fionnuala Halligan nke Screen International họọrọ Boyega dịka otu n'ime "UK Stars of Tomorrow 2011" ma soro ndị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ ọzọ pụta na mkpuchi nke mbipụta magazin ahụ nke July 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.screendaily.com/festival-calendar/stars-of-tomorrow-2011/5029340.article|title=Stars of Tomorrow 2011|work=[[Screen Daily]]|date=30 June 2011|accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2012, a họpụtara ya na ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] bụ Half of a Yellow Sun .<ref>{{Cite web|first=Ben|author=Pearson|url=http://filmonic.com/attack-the-block-star-john-boyega-joins-half-of-a-yellow-sun/|title=Attack the Block star John Boyega joins Half of a Yellow Sun|publisher=Filmonic|date=29 March 2012|accessdate=24 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528192012/http://filmonic.com/attack-the-block-star-john-boyega-joins-half-of-a-yellow-sun/|archivedate=28 May 2016}}</ref> Na 29 Eprel 2014, a kwadoro na a họpụtara Boyega dịka onye isi na Star Wars: The Force Awakens .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://starwars.com/news/star-wars-episode-7-cast-announced.html|title=Star Wars: Episode VII Cast Announced|publisher=StarWars.com|date=29 April 2014|accessdate=29 April 2014|archivedate=29 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429172655/http://starwars.com/news/star-wars-episode-7-cast-announced.html}}</ref> E mechara kpughee na ọ ga-egosi ka Finn, onye agha nke mbụ, onye, mgbe ọ hụrụ obi ọjọọ ha, hapụrụ ike ndị agha ma sonye n'ọgụ megide ha. E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na 18 Disemba 2015. Ndị nkatọ na ndị na-ege ntị nabatara ihe nkiri ahụ na arụmọrụ Boyega.<ref name="guardian_starwars">{{Cite web|author=Bradshaw|first=Peter|title=Star Wars: The Force Awakens review – 'a spectacular homecoming'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/dec/16/star-wars-the-force-awakens-review-a-spectacular-homecoming|work=The Guardian|date=16 December 2015|publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited|accessdate=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McWeeny|first=Drew|url=http://www.hitfix.com/motion-captured/review-jj-abrams-breathes-new-life-into-star-wars-with-the-force-awakens|title=Review: J. J. Abrams breathes new life into 'Star Wars' with 'The Force Awakens'|date=16 December 2015|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=HitFix|archivedate=17 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217000418/http://www.hitfix.com/motion-captured/review-jj-abrams-breathes-new-life-into-star-wars-with-the-force-awakens}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, Boyega pụtara na Detroit, ihe nkiri Kathryn Bigelow banyere ọgba aghara ''Detroit'' nke afọ 1967, ma kwughachi ọrụ ya dị ka Finn na Star Wars: The Last Jedi .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/JohnBoyega/status/745324400078106626|title=Archived copy|work=twitter.com|accessdate=2 February 2022|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20160922183005/https://twitter.com/JohnBoyega/status/745324400078106626|archivedate=22 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Cohen|first=Sandy|title=John Boyega talks 'Last Jedi,' personal parallels|url=http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/entertainment_life/article_12a67664-db7f-11e7-953c-abf7ab46ab6b.html|work=The Advocate|date=15 December 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ na nkwado == Boyega gosipụtara ịdị n'otu na George Floyd, Sandra Bland, Trayvon Martin, yana Stephen Lawrence n'oge okwu na nnọkọ Black Lives Matter na Hyde Park, London. Ọtụtụ ndị ama ama kwadoro mmegharị ahụ ya, Lucasfilm kwughachiri nkwado ha maka Boyega na Black Lives Matter movement.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ritman|first=Alex|title=John Boyega Delivers Impassioned Speech at London Black Lives Matter Protest|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-boyega-makes-impassioned-speech-at-black-lives-matter-protest-1297012|accessdate=8 June 2020|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=3 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Shoard|first=Catherin|title=John Boyega's rousing Black Lives Matter speech wins praise and support|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jun/04/john-boyega-anti-racism-speech-wins-praise-star-wars-costars-black-lives-matter|accessdate=8 June 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=4 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucasfilm Stands with John Boyega|url=https://www.starwars.com/news/lucasfilm-stands-with-john-boyega|work=StarWars.com|publisher=[[Lucasfilm]]|accessdate=23 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604153309/https://www.starwars.com/news/lucasfilm-stands-with-john-boyega|archivedate=4 June 2020}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ nke afọ 2020 na ''British GQ'', Boyega katọrọ Disney n'ezoghị ọnụ maka ịhapụ àgwà ya Finn na Star Wars sequel trilogy: "[W]hat M ga-asị Disney na ọ gaghị ewepụta onye ojii, na-ere ha ka ha dị mkpa na franchise karịa ka ha dị ma mee ka ha gaa n'akụkụ. Ọ dịghị mma. Aga m ekwu ya ozugbo. "<ref name="BoyegaBritishGQ"/><ref>{{Cite news|author=Carras|first=Christi|title=John Boyega to Disney: Nonwhite 'Star Wars' characters were 'pushed to the side'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-09-02/star-wars-john-boyega-gq-article-disney|accessdate=26 October 2020|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Komonibo|first=Ineye|title=John Boyega Is Finally Ready To Talk Star Wars & He's Not Holding Back|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/09/10003050/john-boyega-star-wars-criticism-gq-interview|accessdate=26 October 2020|date=3 September 2020|publisher=[[Refinery29]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026002752/https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/09/10003050/john-boyega-star-wars-criticism-gq-interview|archivedate=26 October 2020}}</ref> Boyega bụkwa onye na-adịghị aṅụ mmanya.<ref name="BoyegaBritishGQ" /> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable unsortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ !Onye isi ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Na-awakpo Block'' |Moses |Joe Cornish | |- |''Junkhearts'' |Jamal |Tinge Krishnan | |- |2013 |''Ọkara nke anyanwụ na-acha odo odo'' |Ugwu |[[Biyi Bandele]] | |- |2014 |''Nrọ Alaeze Ukwu'' |Bambi |Malik Vitthal | |- |2015 |''Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' |FN-2187 / Finn |J. J. Abrams | |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |''Okirikiri'' |Ty |James Ponsoldt | |- |''Detroit'' |Melvin Dismukes |Kathryn Bigelow | |- |''Star Wars: The Last Jedi'' |Finn |Rian Johnson | |- |2018 |''Pacific Rim: Uprising'' |Jake Pentikọst |Steven S. DeKnight |Ọzọkwa onye mmepụta |- |2019 |''Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker'' |Finn |J. J. Abrams | |- |2021 |''Naked Singularity'' |Casi |Chase Palmer |<ref>[https://deadline.com/2019/04/olivia-cooke-john-boyega-scott-free-naked-singularity-1202591129/ Olivia Cooke Joins John Boyega In Scott Free’s ‘Naked Singularity’]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/mome/pdf/reeljobs.pdf|title=After Yang|work=NYC Media & Production|accessdate=April 30, 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |''Ịgbaji'' |Brian Brown-Easley |Abi Damaris Corbin | |- |''Nwanyị Eze'' |Eze Ghezo |Gina Prince-Bythewood |Mmepụta post-mmepụta |- |''Ha Cloned Tyrone'' |Fontaine |Juel Taylor |Mmepụta post-mmepụta |- |} === Television === {| class="wikitable unsortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="3" |2011 |''Da Brick'' |Donnie |Onye na-anya ụgbọelu |- |''Ịghọ Mmadụ'' |Danny Curtis |Ihe omume anọ |- |''Iwu na Iwu: UK'' |Jamal Clarkson |Episode: "Survivor's Guilt" |- |2012 |''Ogbugbu M'' |Shakilus Townsend | rowspan="2" |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |2013 |''Whale'' |William Bond |- |2014 |''24: Biri Ndụ Ụbọchị Ọzọ'' |Chris Tanner |Ihe omume anọ |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Major Lazer'' |Blkmrkt |Olu; ihe omume iri |- |''Saturday Night Live'' |Ya onwe ya |Nkebi: "Star Wars Auditions" |- |2016 |''Tinkershrimp &amp;amp; Dutch'' |Dutch |Olu; ihe omume ise<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/01/05/cant-get-enough-of-star-wars-actor-john-boyega-heres-what-hes-doing-next-5602431/|title=John Boyega joins Nickelodeon's Tinkershrimp & Dutch|author=Sarah Deen|date=5 January 2016|work=Metro.co.uk}}</ref> |- |2017–18 |''Star Wars Forces of Destiny'' |Finn |Voice; 2 episodes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/new-star-wars-cartoon-shorts-debut-online-bringing-female-heroes-full-force-200707894.html|title=New ''Star Wars'' Cartoon Shorts Debut Online, Bringing Female Heroes in Full Force|author=Errico|first=Marcus|date=3 July 2017|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> |- |2018 |''Ụgbọ mmiri dara'' |Bigwig |Olu; ihe omume anọ |- |2019 |''Serengeti'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ |Olu; ihe omume ise<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0006hm5|title=Serengeti|accessdate=12 September 2019|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> |- |2020 |''Obere Axe'' |Leroy Logan |Nkebi: "Red, White and Blue" |- |} [[Usòrò:John Boyega by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb]] === Ọkwa === {| class="wikitable unsortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu !Ref. |- | rowspan="3" |2009 |''Ndị otu isii'' |Ben |National Theatre, London |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/may/16/did-the-national-theatres-connections-festival-change-your-life|title=Did the National Theatre's Connections festival change your life?|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=15 November 2020|date=16 May 2016}}</ref> |- |''Nkebi B'' |Reece | rowspan="3" |Kiln Theatre, London |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kilntheatre.com/whats-on/not-black-and-whitecategory-b/|title=Not Black and White: Category B|publisher=[[Kiln Theatre]]|accessdate=15 November 2020}}</ref> |- |''Jide Ụbọchị'' |Sam |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kilntheatre.com/whats-on/not-black-and-white-seize-the-day/|title=Not Black and White: Seize the Day|publisher=[[Kiln Theatre]]|accessdate=15 November 2020}}</ref> |- |2009 |''Ijide Ikpe Ziri Ezi'' |Onye nche / onye na-agafe agafe |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kilntheatre.com/whats-on/not-black-and-whitedetaining-justice/|title=Not Black and White: Detaining Justice|publisher=[[Kiln Theatre]]|accessdate=15 November 2020}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Woyzeck'' |Woyzeck |The Old Vic, London |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tuppencemagazine.co.uk/john-boyega-woyzeck-old-vic-theatre/|title=John Boyega to star in Woyzeck at the Old Vic Theatre|publisher=Tuppence Magazine|accessdate=18 March 2017|date=18 March 2017}}</ref> |} === Podcasts === {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" style="width:3em" |Afọ ! scope="col" style="width:17em" |Aha ! scope="col" style="width:14em" |Ọrụ |- |2021 |''Echi Monsters'' |Jack Locke |} === Egwuregwu vidio === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2015 |''Disney Infinity 3.0'' |Finn |Olu |- |2016 |''Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' |Finn |Olu |- |2017 |<nowiki><i id="mwAlQ">Star Wars Battlefront II</i></nowiki> |Finn |Olu |} '''Ihe ngosi ogige ntụrụndụ''' {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2015 |''Star Tours - The Adventures Na-aga n'ihu'' | rowspan="3" |Finn |Ihe nkiri agbakwunyere maka oge ''oge nke'' nkwalite Force |- |2019 | rowspan="2" |''Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance'' |Disney's Hollywood Studios |- |2020 |Disneyland |- |} == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ùgwù == {| class="wikitable unsortable" !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Category !Project !Nsonaazụ ! class="unsortable" |Ref |- | rowspan="7" |2011 | rowspan="3" |Onyinye Black Reel |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma | rowspan="7" |''Na-awakpo Block''|| {{Won}} | |- |Ọrụ Ọganihu Kasị Mma|| {{Nom}} | |- |Mkpokọta kacha mma|| {{Nom}} | |- |British Independent Film Awards |Onye Ọhụrụ Na-ekwe nkwa|| {{Nom}} | |- |Onyinye Alaeze Ukwu |Onye ọhụrụ nwoke kachasị mma|| {{Nom}} | |- |Evening Standard British Film Awards |Onye Ọhụrụ Na-ekwe nkwa|| {{Nom}} | |- |London Film Critics' Circle |Onye na-eto eto British Performer of the Year|| {{Nom}} | |- |2015 |British Academy Film Award |Rising Star Award |Ya onwe ya|| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/ee-rising-star-award-in-2016|author=BAFTA Editors|title=EE Rising Star Award in 2016|publisher=[[British Academy Film Awards]]|accessdate=5 January 2016|date=5 January 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |2015 |Onyinye Alaeze Ukwu |Onye ọhụrụ nwoke kachasị mma | rowspan="7" |''Star Wars: The Force Awakens''|| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/star-wars-mad-max-empire-awards-2016-nominations-2/|author=John Nugent|title=Jameson Empire Awards 2016: Star Wars and Mad Max lead the nominations|publisher=[[Empire Awards]]|accessdate=18 February 2016|date=11 March 2016}}</ref> |- |Georgia Film Critics Association |Mkpokọta kacha mma|| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.georgiafilmcritics.org/p/2015-awards.html|author=Georgia Film Critics Association Editors|title=Georgia Film Critics Association 2015 Awards|publisher=Georgia Film Critics Association|accessdate=4 January 2016|date=4 January 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |MTV Movie Awards |Ọrụ Ọganihu Kasị Mma|| {{Nom}} | |- |Ọrụ kacha mma|| {{Nom}} | |- |Mkpokọta kacha mma|| {{Nom}} | |- |Onyinye Nhọrọ Ụmụaka |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị amasị|| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|first=Jamie|author=Lovett|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2016-kids-choice-award-nominees-867404|title=Kids' Choice Awards: Adele, Justin Bieber, 'Star Wars' Among Nominees|publisher=The Hollywood Reporter|date=18 February 2016|accessdate=11 March 2016}}</ref> |- |Onyinye Saturn |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma|| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saturnawards.org/|title=Saturn Award nominations|publisher=Saturn Awards|date=24 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I49YbmV2Jxc|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405000310/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I49YbmV2Jxc|archivedate=2022-04-05|title=Saturn Award nominations on YouTube|publisher=Saturn Awards|date=24 February 2016|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |Onyinye Alaeze Ukwu |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma | rowspan="2" |''Star Wars: The Last Jedi''|| {{Nom}} | |- |Teen Choice Award |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma - Sci-Fi / Fantasy|| {{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2020 |Critics' Choice Television Award |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na obere usoro ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri TV | rowspan="4" |''Obere Axe''|| {{Won}} | |- |Golden Globe Awards |Onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kachasị mma - Television|| {{Won}} | |- |London Film Critics' Circle |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri British / Irish nke Afọ|| {{Nom}} | |- |Ihe nrite Satellite |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na Miniseries ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri TV|| {{Nom}} | |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|3915784}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oaa4rbmsu4fwmnfannnqm06tfvmuimh 0 14537 727722 721335 2026-09-24T20:38:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Freema Agyeman|image=Freema Agyeman (48460099371) (cropped).jpg|caption=Agyeman in July 2019 ComicCon|birth_name=Frema Agyeman|birth_date={{birth date and age|1979|3|20|df=yes}}<ref name="Freema">{{cite web|title=Thank You Letter From Freema Agyeman |url=http://community.livejournal.com/freema_love/154559.html |access-date=8 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510051604/http://community.livejournal.com/freema_love/154559.html |archive-date=10 May 2010 }}</ref>|birth_place=[[London]], England|alma_mater=[[Middlesex University]] <small>([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])</small>|occupation={{hlist|Actress}}|television={{hlist | ''[[Doctor Who]]'' | ''[[Law & Order: UK]]'' | ''[[Little Dorrit (TV series)|Little Dorrit]]'' | ''[[New Amsterdam (2018 TV series)|New Amsterdam]]'' | ''[[Sense8]]'' | ''[[The Carrie Diaries (TV series)|The Carrie Diaries]]''}}|years_active=2001–present}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Freema Agyeman''' (/ˈfriːmə ˈædʒɪmən/; a mụrụ Frema Agyeman; 20 Machị 1979) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Bekee nke a maara maka igwu Martha Jones na usoro akụkọ sayensị nke BBC Doctor Who (2007–2010), Alesha Phillips na ihe nkiri usoro mpụ Law & Order: UK (2009–2011), Amanita Caplan na Netflix akụkọ sayensị ''Sense8'' (2015–2018), na Dr. Helen Sharpe na usoro usoro usoro ahụike NBC ''New Amsterdam'' (2018–ugbua). Mgbe ọ hapụrụ Doctor Who, Agyeman kwughachiri ọrụ ya nke Martha Jones na Doctor Who spin-off series ''Torchwood'' ma nwee ọrụ na BBC series ''Little Dorrit'' . N'afọ 2013, o mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na telivishọn US na ihe nkiri CW nke afọ iri na ụma ''The Carrie Diaries'' dị ka Larissa Loughlin, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na magazin Interview . Ngosipụta telivishọn ''ndị'' ọzọ gụnyere ''Old Jack's Boat'', Silent Witness, na Survivors . Agyeman pụtakwara dịka Penny na ihe nkiri afọ 2015 ''North v South'' . == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Agyeman na London. Nne ya, Azar, bụ onye Iran, nna ya, Osei, bụ onye Ghana. Ha gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ dị obere. Agyeman nwere nwanne nwanyị tọrọ ya, Leila, na nwanne nwoke nke nta, Dominic.<ref name="Jury">{{Cite news|author=Jury, Louise|title=From council estate to Tardis: rise of the Timelord's sidekick|work=[[The Independent]]|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/media/article2383877.ece|date=23 March 2007|accessdate=18 September 2007|archive-date=19 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019000735/http://news.independent.co.uk/media/article2383877.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere nne ya dịka onye Alakụba ma zụlite nna ya dịka onye Methodist, Agyeman tolitere bụrụ onye Roman Katọlik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dr-whos-sidekick-freema-agyeman-hclx3kgwmlv|work=The Sunday Times|title=Dr Who's sidekick, Freema Agyeman|first=Laura|author=Deeley|date=16 February 2008|accessdate=19 August 2011|archivedate=30 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930185737/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dr-whos-sidekick-freema-agyeman-hclx3kgwmlv}}</ref> Agyeman gara Our Lady's Convent RC High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik dị na Stamford Hill. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1996, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Anna Scher Theatre School na Islington ma mụọ ǹkà na ihe nkiri na Mahadum Middlesex, gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 2000.<ref name="Jury"/> == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ mbụ === Mgbe Agyeman malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya, ọ họọrọ iji edemede dị iche nke aha ọmụmụ ya, Frema, dịka aha ọkachamara ya, iji zere nsogbu ịkpọ okwu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hugo|first=Simon|title=Where's Your Head At? Freema Agyeman|work=Torchwood Magazine|page=60|date=June 2008}}</ref> Tupu ọ nweta akụkụ nke Martha Jones, ọrụ telivishọn a ma ama nke Agyeman bụ igwu Lola Wise na usoro mmegharị nke ITV soap opera ''Crossroads'' . O nwekwara obere ọrụ ndị ọbịa na usoro TV ''ndị'' ọzọ dịka Casualty, ''Mile High'' na ''The Bill'', nke ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ dịka mmadụ abụọ dị iche iche. N'afọ 2005, Agyeman mere Mary Ogden, onye ọrụ mpụ, na ihe omume nke Silent Witness . Agyeman pụtara dịka Nana na ihe nkiri onwe ya bụ Rulers and Dealers, nke Stephen Lloyd Jackson dere ma duzie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rulers and Dealers|url=http://film-directory.britishcouncil.org/rulers-and-dealers|work=British Film Council|accessdate=11 December 2021}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ùgwù == N'ọnwa June afọ 2007, a kpọrọ Agyeman "Best Newcomer" n'afọ 2007 "Glamour Women of the Year Awards".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://freemaagyeman.com/news/2007/06/05/glamour-awards-2007/#more-363|title=Freema Wins at Glamour Women Awards 2007|publisher=Freema Agyeman.com|date=5 June 2007|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225005733/http://freemaagyeman.com/news/2007/06/05/glamour-awards-2007/|archivedate=25 December 2008}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, o meriri n'afọ 2007 People's Choice category maka "Female TV Star" na 5th annual Screen Nation Film and TV Awards, nke emere na 15 Ọktoba 2007 na Hilton Metropole na London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.screennation.co.uk/pdf/ScreenNation2007WinnerList.pdf|title=Reginald Hudlin|accessdate=28 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327130458/http://www.screennation.co.uk/pdf/ScreenNation2007WinnerList.pdf|archivedate=27 March 2009}}</ref> ''The Observer'' gbara Agyeman ajụjụ ọnụ na Disemba afọ 2007 ma kpọọ ya "ihu nke afọ 2007".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Day, Elizabeth|title=A dizzy year with the Doctor|work=Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2007/dec/16/features.review47|date=16 December 2007|accessdate=10 June 2008}}</ref> === Nhọpụta === N'afọ 2003, a họpụtara Agyeman na ngalaba abụọ na British Soap Awards maka ọrụ ya dịka Lola Wise na ''Crossroads'', dịka "Best Newcomer" na "Sexiest Female".<ref name="British Soap Awards">{{Cite web|url=http://memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm%20Crossroads%20-%20Freema%20Agyeman%20www.memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm%20%26strip%3D1|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20121209175135/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm+Crossroads+-+Freema+Agyeman+www.memorabletv.com/onthebox/profiles/uksoapawards03.htm+&strip=1|archivedate=9 December 2012|title=On the Box guide to the British Soap Awards|publisher=webcache.googleusercontent.com|accessdate=29 March 2009}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Egbugbu Agyeman nwere n'elu ogwe aka ya bụ ihe nnọchianya nke nna nna ya, nke nwere okwu Peshia "raha", nke pụtara "n'efu", n'okpuru ihe oyiyi nke urukurubụba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uktv.co.uk/drama/stepbystep/aid/595754|title=Freema Agyemann profile: Watch Shows: Watch&nbsp;– simply good TV|publisher=Uktv.co.uk|date=7 November 2007|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112215649/http://uktv.co.uk/drama/stepbystep/aid/595754|archivedate=12 November 2007}}</ref> Agyeman bụ onye Roman Katọlik na-adịghị aga ụka. O kwuru na ime ihe ọma bụ ụzọ o si kwere na Chineke na ịgosi pụta Iso Ụzọ Kraịst Katọlik.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Laura|author=Deeley|date=16 February 2008|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dr-whos-sidekick-freema-agyeman-hclx3kgwmlv|title=Dr Who's sidekick, Freema Agyeman|work=The Times|accessdate=2022-04-08}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2004 |''Aisha onye Amerịka'' |Shaheen |Obere ihe nkiri |- |2006 |''Ndị ọchịchị na ndị na-ere ahịa'' |Nana | |- |2015 |''North v South'' |Penny | |- |2017 |''Na-eri Ndị Obodo'' |Mmụọ ozi | |- |2021 |''Mbilite n'ọnwụ nke Matrix'' |Astra | |} === Television === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2003 |''Crossroads'' |Lola Wise |Ihe omume ndị a na-amaghị |- |2004 |''The Bill'' |Jenna Carter |Episode: "Episode 232" |- |2004 |''Casualty@Holby City'' |Kate Hindley |Episode: "Casualty@Holby City: Part One" |- |2005 |''Mile High'' |Nwa agbọghọ #1 |Usoro 2, ihe omume 26 |- |2005 |''Onyeàmà na-agbachi nkịtị'' |Mary Ogden |Nkebi: "Nhọrọ: Nkebi nke 1" |- |2006 |''The Bill'' |Shakira Washington |Ihe omume abụọ |- |2006 |''Dọkịta Who'' |Adeola Oshodi |Episode: "Army of Ghosts" |- |2007–2008, 2010 |''Dọkịta Who'' |Martha Jones |Usoro 3, Usoro 4, 2008–10<br /><br /><br /><br /> specials19 episodes |- |2007–2008 |''Dọkịta nke Nzuzo'' |Ya onwe ya |Ọrụ ugboro ugboro |- |2007 |''Dọkịta zuru oke'' |Ya onwe ya |Ihe omume asaa |- |2007 |''Ọchịchọ Na-adịghị agwụ agwụ'' |Martha Jones (olu) |Ihe omume iri na atọ |- |2007 |''Ihe ngosi Omid Djalili'' |Ya onwe ya |Usoro 1, ihe omume 3 |- |2008 |''Torchwood'' |Martha Jones |Ihe omume atọ |- |2008 |''Torchwood Declassified'' |Ya onwe ya |Ihe omume abụọ |- |2008–2010 |''Bizarre ER'' |Ya onwe ya |Onye na-akọ akụkọ (usoro 1–3); ihe omume iri atọ |- |2008 |''Little Dorrit'' |Tattycoram |Miniseries; 8 episodes |- |2008 |''Ndị lanarịrị'' |Jenny Walsh |Ihe omume abụọ |- |2009–2012 |''Iwu na Iwu: UK'' |Alesha Phillips |Ndị isi (usoro 1–6); ihe omume 39 |- |2013–2015 |''The Carrie Diaries'' |Larissa Loughlin |Ndị isi; ihe omume iri abụọ na abụọ |- |2013–2015 |''Old Jack's Boat'' |Shelly Periwinkle |Ndị isi (usoro 1); ihe omume iri na abụọ |- |2013 |''Rubenesque'' |Trudy |Otu ihe nkiri |- |2015–2018 |''Sense8'' |Amanita Caplan |Ndị isi ihe nkiri |- |2017 |<nowiki><i id="mwAio">Panorama</i></nowiki> |Onye na-akọ akụkọ |Nkebi: "Mgbe ụmụaka na-emegbu ụmụaka" |- |2018–ugbua |''New Amsterdam'' |Dr. Helen Sharpe |Ndị isi ihe nkiri |} == Audio na redio == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2007 |''Dodo Ikpeazụ'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ |Doctor Who audiobook |- |2007 |''Wetworld'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ |Doctor Who audiobook |- |2007 |''The Pirate Loop'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ |Doctor Who audiobook |- |2008 |''Martha n'enyo'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ |Doctor Who audiobook |- |2008 |''Mkpụrụ Obi furu efu'' |Martha Jones |Full cast Torchwood audio drama |- |2008 |''Akụkọ banyere Mata'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ |Doctor Who audiobook |- |2014 |''Six Degrees of Assassination: An Audible Drama'' |Ellen Townsend | |- |2020 |''Torchwood: Dissected'' |Martha Jones |Full cast audio drama |- |2021 |''Afọ nke Martha Jones'' |Martha Jones |Full cast audio drama boxset<ref>{{Cite web|title=1. The Year of Martha Jones - The Worlds of Doctor Who - Special Releases - Big Finish|url=https://www.bigfinish.com/releases/v/the-year-of-martha-jones-2227|accessdate=2021-12-22|work=www.bigfinish.com}}</ref> |} == Ụlọ ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2001–2002 |''Mgbe Snow dara''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Moon Shows On Tour: Previous Shows|url=http://www.halfmoon.org.uk/whatson/halfmoonshowsontour/previousshows.html#when|accessdate=18 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206234217/http://www.halfmoon.org.uk/whatson/halfmoonshowsontour/previousshows.html|archivedate=6 February 2006}}</ref> |T |By Chris Elwell |- |2001 |''Mgbọrọgwụ gbagọrọ agbagọ''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pop-up.net/productions/twistedroots.html|title=Twisted Roots|publisher=Pop-Up|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227020218/http://www.pop-up.net/productions/twistedroots.html|archivedate=27 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://freemaagyeman.com/biography/|title=A fansite&nbsp;– Biography & Filmography|publisher=Freema Agyeman.com|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223075816/http://freemaagyeman.com/biography/|archivedate=23 February 2009}}</ref> |Anya Starr |By Emily Nightingale |- |2002 |''Ndị Onyenwe anyị na ụmụ nwanyị''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.co.uk.lspace.org/fandom/events/plays/lordsandladies/2002/august-rollright-stones.html|title=''Lords and Ladies''|work=Co.uk.lspace.org|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228075019/http://www.co.uk.lspace.org/fandom/events/plays/lordsandladies/2002/august-rollright-stones.html|archivedate=28 February 2007}}</ref> |Ọrụ dị iche iche |Na mbụ site na Terry Pratchett |- |2008 |Doctor Who Prom |Onye ọbịa |Emume egwu, 27 Julaị 2008 |- |2017 |''Mgbaghara''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2017/aug/04/apologia-review-stockard-channing-trafalgar-studios-london|title=''Apologia review – Stockard Channing induces sympathy for a monstrous matriarch''|work=Guardian|date=4 August 2017|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref> |Claire |By Alexi Kaye Campbell |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Freema Agyeman on Twitter * Freema Agyeman at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090111064803/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/08/14/35671.shtml Ajụjụ ọnụ] na The One Show (14 August 2006) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615154230/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/body_and_soul/article3375049.ece?print=yes&randnum=1203116650860 Ajụjụ ọnụ] na ''The Times'' (16 February 2008) * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/11_november/05/survivors10.shtml Ndị lanarịrị] - Freema Agyeman (Jenny Collins) Press Pack na BBC Press Office * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/10_october/13/dorrit11.shtml Little Dorrit] - Freema Agyeman (Tattycoram) Press Pack na BBC Press Office {{DEFAULTSORT:Agyeman, Freema}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0bgshii94oe0veruozgm7saw2j0bilr 0 14543 727719 725109 2026-09-24T20:06:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Francis Bebey''' (French: , 15 Julaị 1929 na Douala, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] - 28 Mee 2001 na Paris, [[France]]) bụ onye Cameroon na-ede akwụkwọ na onye na-ede egwu. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Francis Bebey na Douala, Cameroon, na 15 Julaị 1929.<ref name="indyobit">{{Cite news|title=Francis Bebey|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/francis-bebey-729174.html|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=The Independent|date=31 May 2001|archive-date=11 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811085108/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/francis-bebey-729174.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bebey gara kọleji na Douala, ebe ọ gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ, tupu ọ gaa mụọ mgbasa ozi na Mahadum Paris. N'ịga United States, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ mgbasa ozi na Mahadum New York. [1] N'afọ 1957, Bebey kwagara [[Ghana]] na òkù nke Kwame Nkrumah, wee were ọrụ dị ka onye mgbasa ozi.[3] == Ọrụ egwu == Ná mmalite afọ 1960, Bebey kwagara France wee malite ọrụ na nka, na-eme onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ onye egwu, onye na-akpụ ihe, na onye edemede. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya kachasị ewu ewu bụ Agatha Moudio's Son . Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na UNESCO site na 1961-74, o nwere ike ịghọ onye isi nke ngalaba egwu na Paris. [1] [1] Ọrụ a nyere ya ohere ime nnyocha ma dekọọ egwu ọdịnala Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/bebey-francis-1929-2001|title=Bebey, Francis 1929–2001 {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|work=www.encyclopedia.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-Bebey|title=Francis Bebey {{!}} Cameroonian writer and composer|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2018-11-18|language=en}}</ref> Bebey wepụtara abọm mbụ ya n'afọ 1969. Egwú ya bụ isi [[Égwu ahiri|guitar]], mana ọ jikọtara ngwá ọdịnala Afrịka na synthesizers. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eto Bebey ugbu a maka egwu ya, mmasị egwu ya kpatara esemokwu na egwu obodo ya mgbe ọ malitere.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jun/25/local/me-14546|title=Francis Bebey; Influential Composer of Contemporary African Music|author=THURBER|first=JON|date=2001-06-25|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2018-11-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụdị ya jikọtara makossa Cameroon na guitar oge ochie, jazz, na pop, [1] ma ndị nkatọ weere ya dị ka ihe na-enweghị atụ, "onye nwere ọgụgụ isi, onye na-atọ ọchị, na onye na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ." [1] Ọ bụrụ abụ na Duala, [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]], na French. [1] Bebey nyere aka ịmalite ọrụ Manu Dibango. [1] Bebey wepụtara ihe karịrị abọm iri abụọ n'elu ọrụ ya, [1] ma makwaara ya maka uri ya, gụnyere Black tears (1963), uri a raara nye March on Washington maka Ọrụ na Nnwere Onwe. [1] == Ọrụ edemede == Bebey dere akwụkwọ akụkọ, uri, egwuregwu, akụkọ, obere akụkọ, na ọrụ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo.<ref name="gikandi">{{Cite book|author=Gikandi|first=Simon|title=Encyclopedia of African Literature|date=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780203361269|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0000unse_o8b0/page/71 71–72]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0000unse_o8b0/page/71}}</ref> Ọ malitere ọrụ edemede ya dị ka onye nta akụkọ n'afọ ndị 1950 ma n'otu oge rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na Ghana na mba Afrịka ndị ọzọ maka netwọk redio French, Société de radiodiffusion de la France d'outre-mer (SORAFOM).<ref name="gikandi" /> E bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ Bebey, ''Le Fils d'Agatha Moudio'' (Agatha Moudio's Son), na 1967 ma nye ya Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire na 1968; ọ ka bụ ọrụ ya a maara nke ọma.<ref name="gikandi" /> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ''L'Enfant pluie'' (The Child of Rain), nke e bipụtara na 1994, e nyere ya Nrite Saint Exupéry .<ref name="gikandi" /> Na mgbakwunye na inyocha ahụmahụ nwata na ndị okenye na ọrụ ya, Bebey dekwara akụkọ sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ nke Afrịka.<ref name="gikandi" /> == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Bebey nwụrụ na Paris, France, na 28 Mee 2001. Ndị lanarịrị ya gụnyere ụmụ ya Patrick, Toups, na [[Kidi Bebey]], na nwunye ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jun/25/local/me-14546|title=Francis Bebey; Influential Composer of Contemporary African Music|author=THURBER|first=JON|date=2001-06-25|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2018-11-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Edere ihe odide John Williams "Hello Francis" dị ka ụtụ nye Bebey: "Ihe a dabere na Makossa, ụda ịgba egwu a ma ama sitere na Cameroon nke Francis na-ejikarị eme ihe, ma na-agụnye ihe odide sitere na ihe odide ya The Magic Box na obere ihe zoro ezo nke J.S. Bach. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notes|url=http://www.johnwilliamsguitarnotes.com/notes/notes-on-the-transcripts.html|publisher=John Williams: The Guitarist's Music Site|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref> Egwu Arcade Fire, "Everything Now," nwere akụkụ ọjà sitere na "The Coffee Cola Song" nke Francis Bebey dere.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pontecorvo|first=Adriane|title=Arcade Fire - 'Everything Now' (Singles Going Steady)|url=https://www.popmatters.com/arcade-fire-everything-now-singles-going-steady-2495388177.html|work=PopMatters|accessdate=30 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="stereogum">{{Cite web|author=DeVille|first=Chris|title=Arcade Fire Announce New Album Everything Now|url=http://www.stereogum.com/1944311/arcade-fire-announce-new-album-everything-now/music/|work=Stereogum|accessdate=30 July 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ Patrick Bebey, nwa Francis Bebey, na-akpọ akụkụ ọjà ahụ.<ref name="stereogum" /> == Ihe nrite == E nyere Francis Bebey Grand Prix de la Mémoire nke GPLA 2013 maka ihe nketa edemede ya. Grand Prix de la Mémoire bụ onyinye a raara nye ndị isi edemede nke akwụkwọ Cameroon nke oge a nwụrụ anwụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.africapresse.com/litterature-gpal-2013-francis-bebey-designe-grand-prix-de-la-memoire/|title=Littérature – GPAL 2013: Francis Bebey désigné grand prix de la mémoire|work=Actualite en Afrique et Cameroun|accessdate=2018-11-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2016-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508050143/http://www.africapresse.com/litterature-gpal-2013-francis-bebey-designe-grand-prix-de-la-memoire/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E nyekwara ya Grand Prix Litteraire De L'Afrique Noire na 1968 maka akwụkwọ mbụ ya Le Fils d'Agatha Moudio (Agatha Moudio's Son).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/francis-bebey-mn0000801280/biography|title=Francis Bebey {{!}} Biography & History {{!}} AllMusic|work=AllMusic|accessdate=2018-11-18}}</ref> Grand Prix Litteraire De L'Afrique Noire bụ ihe nrite edemede maka Black Africa. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ L'Enfant pluie (Rain Child) meriri Prix Saint Exupéry n'afọ 1994. A na-enye onyinye Prix Saint Exupéry nye ndị edemede akwụkwọ ha hụrụ ndị na-eto eto n'anya na ndị na-eto eto hụrụ akwụkwọ ha n'anya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prixsaintexupery.fr/|title=Prix Saint-Exupéry|work=www.prixsaintexupery.fr|language=fr|accessdate=2018-11-18|archivedate=2018-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119051551/http://www.prixsaintexupery.fr/}}</ref> == Discography == === Albọm === * ''Concert Pour Un Vieux Masque'', LP, Philips, 1968 * ''Savannah Georgia'', LP, Fiesta Records, 1975 * ''Guitare D'Une Autre Rime'', LP, Ozileka, 1975 * La Condition Masculine, LP, Ozileka, 1976 * ''Fleur Tropicale'', LP, Ozileka, 1976 * ''Je Vous Aime Zaime Zaime'', LP, Ozileka, 1977 * ''Ballades Africaines'', LP, Ozileka, 1978 * ''Priere Aux Masques''. LP, Ozileka, 1979 * ''Un Petit Ivoirien'', LP, Ozileka, 1979 * ''Afrikanischer Frühling'', LP, Marifon, 1980 * ''Haïti - Guitar Music Trio'', LP, Ozileka, 1981 * ''Bia So Nika'', LP, Ozileka, 1981 * ''Africa Sanza'', Ozileka, 1982 * New Track, Ozileka, 1982 * ''Pygmy Love Song'', LP, Editions Makossa, 1982 * ''Super Bebey - Vingt Plages Ensoleillées'', 2xLP, Ozileka, 1983 * ''Sanza Nocturne'', Ozileka, 1984 * Akwaaba: Music For Sanza, Original Music, 1984 * ''Le Solo De Bruxelles'', LP, Ozileka, 1985 * Heavy ''Ghetto'', Anti Apartheid Makossa, LP, Ozileka, 1985 * ''Si Les Gaulois Avaient Su''!, LP, Blue Silver, 1986 * ''Baobab'', LP, Mpịakọta, 1988 * African Woman, LP, Mpịakọta, 1988 * ''World Music Guitar'', CD, Ozileka, 1992 * ''Sourire De Lune'', CD, Ozileka, 1996 === Nchịkọta === * ''Rire Africain'', Ozileka, 1981 * Nadolo / With Love - Francis Bebey Works: 1963–1994, CD, Original Music, 1995 * ''African Electronic Music 1975–1982'', LP/CD, Born Bad Records, 2011 * ''Psychedelic Sanza 1982–1984'', LP/CD, Born Bad Records, 2014 * La Condition Masculine, CD, Sonodisc == Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ == === Ọrụ nke Bebey<ref name="gikandi" /> === * ''La Radiodiffusion en Afrique noire'', 1963 (nsụgharị Bekee: Broadcasting in Black Africa) * ''Le Fils d'Agatha Moudio'', 1967 (nsụgharị Bekee: Agatha Moudio's Son) * Embarras de Cie: nouvelles et poèmes, 1968 * ''Trois petits cireurs'', 1972 (nsụgharị Bekee: Three Little Shoeshine Boys) * ''La Poupée Ashanti'', 1973 (nsụgharị Bekee: The Ashanti Doll) * ''Le Roi Albert d'Effidi'', 1976 (nsụgharị Bekee: King Albert) * ''Musique de l'Afrique'', 1969 (nsụgharị Bekee: African Music: A People's Art) * ''Le Ministre et le griot'', 1992 (nsụgharị Bekee: The Minister and the Griot) * ''L'Enfant pluie'', 1994 (nsụgharị Bekee: Rain Child) == Leekwa == * Grand Prix of Literary Associations * [[:fr:Grands prix des associations littéraires|Grands prix des associations littéraires]]  == Ihe edeturu == <references /> {{Reflist|30em}} == Ndetu == <references />   [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mu1ntczs0tqsumotblult38hsstw2hb 0 14591 727789 725111 2026-09-25T02:15:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Idris Elba-4580 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Idris Elba]]   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Idrissa Akuna''' "Idris" '''Elba''' OBE (/ˈɪdrɪs/; a mụrụ ya na 6 Septemba 1972) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-emepụta ihe, na onye egwu.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170807130021/http://www.esquire.co.uk/culture/news/a5110/idris-elba-interview-the-hustler/ "Idris Elba Interview: The Hustler"].</ref> A maara ya maka ọrụ gụnyere Stringer Bell na usoro HBO ''The Wire'', DCI John Luther nakwa usoro BBC One ''Luther'', na [[Nelson Mandela]] na ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013).<ref name="hbo">{{Cite web|title=The Wire Cast and Crew: Idris Elba, Russell 'Stringer' Bell|publisher=HBO.com|url=http://www.hbo.com/thewire/cast/actors/idris_elba.shtml|accessdate=11 April 2009|archivedate=19 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919002112/https://www.hbo.com/thewire/cast/actors/idris_elba.shtml}}</ref> A họpụtala ya ugboro anọ maka Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film, o merie otu, a họpụtala ya ugboro ise maka Primetime Emmy Award.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Brian|author=Lowry|url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/emmy-nominations-2014-list-emmys-nominees-1201260236/|title=Emmy Nominations 2014 — Full List: 66th Primetime Emmys Nominees|journal=Variety|date=10 July 2014|accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Luther">{{Cite news|title=Wire actor Elba joins BBC drama|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8237924.stm|accessdate=7 September 2009|date=4 September 2009}}</ref> Elba pụtara na Ridley Scott's ''American Gangster'' (2007) na ''Prometheus'' (2012). Elba gosipụtara Heimdall na ihe nkiri Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) Thor (2011) na usoro ya ''Thor'': The Dark World (2013) na ''Thor'': Ragnarok (2017), yana ''Avengers'': Age of Ultron (2015) na Avengers: Infinity War (2018). O sonyekwara na ''Pacific Rim'' (2013), Beasts of No Nation (2015), nke o nwetara Golden Globe na BAFTA nominations maka Best Supporting Actor, na Molly's Game (2017). N'afọ 2016, o kwupụtara Chief Bogo na ''Zootopia'', Shere Khan na ihe nkiri / CGI nke The Jungle Book, Fluke na Finding Dory, ma rụọ ọrụ Krall na ''Star Trek Beyond'' . O mere ihe nkiri izizi ya n'afọ 2018 site na mgbanwe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Yardie'' nke Victor Headley dere n'afọ 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collider.com/idris-elba-yardie-director/|title=Idris Elba Set to Make Directorial Debut With ''Yardie''|author=Cabin|first=Chris|work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|date=5 July 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6imkfzpT4?url=http://collider.com/idris-elba-yardie-director/|archivedate=5 July 2016|accessdate=5 July 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, o gosipụtara Bloodsport na The Suicide Squad, nke e debere na DC Extended Universe (DCEU), ebe n'afọ 2022, o kwupụtara Knuckles the Echidna na ihe nkiri ''Sonic the Hedgehog 2'' (2022), ọ ga-abụkwa isi akụkọ nke akpọrọ onwe ya dịka onye Paramount + n'afọ 2023. E wezụga ime ihe nkiri, Elba na-arụ ọrụ dịka DJ n'okpuru moniker '''DJ Big Driis''' ma ọ bụ '''Idris''' na dịka onye egwu R&B.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hiphopwired.com/2011/09/13/idris-elba-driis-releases-new-music-video-secret-garden-video/|title=Idris Elba (Driis) Releases New Music Video 'Secret Garden'|date=13 September 2011|publisher=hiphopwired.com|first=Danielle|author=Canada}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, a kpọrọ ya na ndepụta Time 100 nke ndị kachasị nwee mmetụta n'ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=David Simon|url=http://time.com/4299764/idris-elba-2016-time-100//|title=Idris Elba: TIME 100|work=Time|accessdate=27 April 2016|archive-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426115530/http://time.com/4299764/idris-elba-2016-time-100/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ọnwa Mee afọ 2019, ihe nkiri ya enwetawo ihe karịrị ijeri $ 9.8 na ụlọ ọrụ igbe zuru ụwa ọnụ, gụnyere ihe karịrị ijeri $ 3.6 na North America, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri iri abụọ kachasị elu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Idris Elba Movie Box Office Results|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=idriselba.htm|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=People Index {{ndash}} Actors: Total Gross|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/?view=Actor&sort=sumgross&p=.htm|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=6 May 2019}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Idrissa Akuna Elba na 6 Septemba 1972 na London Borough of Hackney, nke Winston Elba, nwoke Sierra Leone Creole nke na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Ford Dagenham, na Eve, nwanyị [[Ghana]].<ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|first=Esther|author=Addley|date=20 March 2008|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/mar/21/television|title=He often has fewer lines than anyone else but you still feel as though he has the bigger part, because he is luminous|work=The Guardian|accessdate=23 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Biography.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/idris-elba-21429871|title=Idris Elba:Singer, Actor (1972–)|publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV network)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]])|accessdate=2 August 2017|quote=Idrissa Akuna Elba was born on September 6, 1972, in the Hackney section of East London, England. An only child of Sierra Leonean descent, Elba eventually attended the National Youth Music Theatre's training programs.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/beasts-of-no-nation/cary-fukunaga-interview/|title=Idris Elba meets his Waterloo – in Ghana|date=3 October 2015|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=23 November 2018}}</ref> Nne na nna Elba lụrụ di na nwunye na Sierra Leone ma mesịa kwaga London.<ref name="observer_2010">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jan/24/idris-elba-interview-the-wire|title=Idris Elba: life after 'Stringer' Bell|first=Miranda|author=Sawyer|authorlink=Miranda Sawyer|work=[[The Observer]]|date=24 January 2010|accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> A zụlitere Elba na Hackney na East Ham, ma mee ka aha mbụ ya bụrụ "Idris" n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Canning Town, ebe mbụ ọ malitere itinye aka na ime ihe nkiri.<ref name="Midas Touch">{{Cite news|first=Stuart|author=Jeffries|date=9 May 2009|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/may/05/television-the-wire-idris-elba-obsessed|title=The Midas Touch|work=The Guardian|accessdate=29 July 2009}}</ref> O kwuru na The Stage nyere ya nnukwu ezumike mbụ ya, ebe ọ hụrụ mgbasa ozi maka egwuregwu na ya; ọ nyochara ma zute onye ọrụ mbụ ya mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="baftaguru_2013">{{Cite web|url=http://guru.bafta.org/idris-elba-big-questions|title=Idris Elba: Big Questions|work=[[BAFTA]] Guru|date=19 June 2013|accessdate=17 August 2015|archivedate=10 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810205214/http://guru.bafta.org/idris-elba-big-questions}}</ref> N'afọ 1986, ọ malitere inyere nwanne nna ya aka na azụmahịa DJ agbamakwụkwọ ya; n'ime otu afọ, ya na ụfọdụ ndị enyi ya malitere ụlọ ọrụ DJ nke ya.<ref name="guardian" /> Elba gara Barking na Dagenham College obere oge, n'ikpeazụ ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ n'afọ 1988 wee nweta ebe na National Youth Music Theatre mgbe onyinye £ 1,500 Prince's Trust.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://barkingdagenhamcollege.ac.uk/why/idris-elba|title=Idris Elba}}</ref><ref>[https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/princes-trust-celebrate-success "Prince's Trust Celebrate Success"]. </ref> Iji kwado onwe ya n'etiti ọrụ na mmalite ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na-enweghị isi gụnyere itinye taya, ịkpọ oku oyi, na ọrụ abalị na Ford Dagenham.<ref name="times">{{Cite news|first=Chris|author=Ayres|date=23 August 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article4572201.ece|title=Life as a RocknRolla: meet the crafty Cockney Idris Elba|work=The Times|accessdate=11 April 2009}}</ref> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na klọb abalị n'okpuru aha DJ "Big Driis" n'oge ọ na-eto eto, mana ọ malitere nyocha maka ọrụ telivishọn na mmalite afọ iri abụọ ya.<ref name="guardian"/> == Ọrụ == Ọrụ mbụ Elba rụrụ bụ na ''Crimewatch'' murder reconstructions n'afọ 1994 ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri ụmụaka nke BBC nke a na-akpọ ''The Boot Street Band'' . N'afọ 1995, ọ nwetara ọrụ mbụ ya dị mkpa na usoro a na-akpọ ''Bramwell'', ihe nkiri ahụike nke e mere n'afọ ndi 1890s England. O mere onye isi na ihe omume nke Oge 1, onye ohi Africa aha ya bụ Charlie Carter, onye nwunye ya nwụrụ n'ihi ịmụ nwa ma chọpụta otu esi akwado nwa ya nwanyị a mụrụ ọhụrụ. Ọrụ mbụ a kpọrọ aha ya rutere na mbụ n'afọ1995, mgbe a họpụtara ya dịka gigolo na "Sex" nke Absolutely Fabulous . Ọtụtụ ọrụ nkwado na telivishọn Britain sochiri, gụnyere usoro dịka ''The Bill'' na The Ruth Rendell Mysteries . Ọ sonyeere ndị na-eme ''ihe''<ref name="guardian"/> nkiri Family Affairs wee gaa n'ihu ịpụta na telivishọn ''Ultraviolet'' na mgbe e mesịrị na ''Dangerfield'' .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Idris Elba – Biography|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/person/idris-elba/biography.html|publisher=[[Yahoo! Movies]]|accessdate=17 July 2013}}</ref> O kpebiri ịkwaga New York City n'oge na-adịghị anya.<ref name="guardian" /> Ọ laghachiri England mgbe ụfọdụ maka ọrụ telivishọn, dịka akụkụ na otu n'ime ''Inspector Lynley Mysteries'' . N'afọ 2001, Elba gbara Achilles na mmepụta ihe nkiri nke ''Troilus na Cressida'' na New York City.<ref name="guardian" /> N'afọ 1997, ọ pụtara na ihe omume abụọ mbụ nke usoro 2 “Blood, Sweat and Tears” na Silent Witness . N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, a mara ọkwa na Elba bụ Charlie na usoro ihe nkiri Netflix, Turn Up Charlie .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Idris Elba to Star in Netflix Comedy Series 'Turn Up Charlie'|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/idris-elba-netflix-comedy-series-turn-up-charlie-1202756227/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=21 February 2019|date=18 April 2018}}</ref> Ọ malitere na 15 Machị 2019 ma kagbuo ya mgbe otu oge gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/04/idris-elba-turn-up-charlie-canceled-netflix-one-season-1202918925/|title=Idris Elba's 'Turn Up Charlie' Canceled By Netflix After One Season|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|author=Andreeva|date=27 April 2020|accessdate=27 April 2020}}</ref> O mekwara ma mee ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke ọkara akụkọ ihe mere eme In the Long Run .<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sturges|first=Fiona|date=24 March 2018|title=In the Long Run: Idris Elba's joyful portrait of community in 1980s Hackney|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/mar/24/idris-elba-in-the-long-run|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=4 April 2019}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri === [[Usòrò:RockNRolla08TIFF.jpg|thumb|Elba (ahịrị ''azụ'', etiti) ya na ndị otu ''RocknRolla'' na 2008 Toronto International Film Festival]] N'afọ 2007, Elba bịanyere aka dịka onye ndu nke ihe nkiri Daddy's Little Girls, na-egwu Monty, onye na-arụ ọrụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke hụrụ onye ọka iwu n'anya na-enyere ya aka inweta ikike nke ''ụmụ'' ya, ma chọpụta mmekọrịta ahụ na olileanya nchekwa ya na-eyi egwu site na nlọghachi nke nwunye ya mbụ. Ọ pụtara na ''28'' Weeks Later (2007) na This Christmas (2007), nke wetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde $ 50 na ụlọ ọrụ igbe n'afọ 2007.<ref name="moviesonline">{{Cite web|title=Idris Elba and Columbus Short Interview, This Christmas|publisher=Moviesonline.ca|url=http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_13494.html|accessdate=11 April 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114063242/http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_13494.html|archivedate=14 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=This Christmas|publisher=Thenumbers.com|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2007/TCHRS.php|accessdate=11 April 2009|archivedate=1 June 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601202854/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2007/TCHRS.php}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri egwu Prom Night na Guy Ritchie London gangster film ''RocknRolla'' .<ref name="moviesonline" /> N'afọ 2009, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri egwu The Unborn na ''Obsessed'', ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke mere ka ọ soro [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyonce]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Idris Elba And Beyonce To Play Married Couple In 'Obsessed'|publisher=Blackvoices.com|url=http://www.blackvoices.com/blogs/2008/03/06/idris-elba-and-beyonce-to-play-married-couple-in-obsessed/|accessdate=11 April 2009}}</ref> Nke ikpeazụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọfịs, na-ewere $ 29 nde na ngwụsị izu mmalite ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weekend Report: Moviegoers Fixate on 'Obsessed'|publisher=Box Office Mojo|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=2581&p=.htm|accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Elba alụọla nwanyị ugboro atọ: nke mbụ ya na Hanne "Kim" Nørgaard (site n'afọ 1999 ruo 2003) wee lụọ Sonya Nicole Hamlin (maka ọnwa anọ n'afọ 2006). O nwere ụmụ abụọ: nwa nwanyị na Nørgaard na nwa nwoke na enyi nwanyị mbụ Naiyana Garth.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Idris Elba 'splits with long-term girlfriend Naiyana Garth|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/12149470/Idris-Elba-splits-with-long-term-girlfriend-Naiyana-Garth.html|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Webber|first=Stephanie|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/idris-elba-welcomes-baby-boy-winston-with-naiyana-garth-first-picture-2014184|title=Idris Elba Welcomes Baby Boy Winston With Naiyana Garth: First Picture|work=[[Us Weekly]]|date=18 April 2014|accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> Elba malitere mmekọrịta ya na onye nlereanya Somali-Canadian Sabrina Dhowre na mbido afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-43019334/idris-elba-s-surprise-marriage-proposal|title=Idris Elba's surprise marriage proposal|date=10 February 2018|work=BBC News|accessdate=11 February 2018}}</ref> Di na nwunye a gbara akwụkwọ na 10 Febụwarị 2018, n'oge nyocha nke ihe nkiri ya ''Yardie'' na sinima East London.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-43024140|title=Yardie actor on Idris Elba proposal: I had tears in my eyes|author=Moore|first=Hannah|date=11 February 2018|work=BBC News|accessdate=11 February 2018}}</ref> Ha lụrụ na 26 Eprel afọ 2019 na Marrakesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/breaking-idris-elba-marries-sabrina-14780582|title=Idris Elba marries Sabrina Dhowre in secret ceremony|first=Emmeline|author=Saunders|date=27 April 2019|work=mirror}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ == N'afọ 2013, a kpọrọ Elba Essence's annual Sexiest Man of the Year na, n'afọ 2018, a kpọrọ ya People magazine's Sexiest Man Alive .<ref>{{Cite news|first=Charli|author=Penn|url=http://photos.essence.com/galleries/essences-2013-sexiest-man-year-50-reasons-love-idris-elba/|title=''ESSENCE''{{'}}s 2013 Sexiest Man of the Year: 50 Reasons to Love Idris Elba|work=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]]|date=9 December 2013|accessdate=28 January 2015|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114072621/http://photos.essence.com/galleries/essences-2013-sexiest-man-year-50-reasons-love-idris-elba/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Jordan|first=Julie|url=https://people.com/movies/idris-elba-sexiest-man-alive-2018-reveal/|title=Idris Elba Is PEOPLE's Sexiest Man Alive 2018: It's 'an Ego Boost for Sure'|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=5 November 2018|accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2014, e nyere Elba onyinye MOBO Inspiration Award.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mobo Awards 2014: Idris Elba receives inspiration award|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/musicvideo/11116450/Mobo-Awards-2014-Idris-Elba-receives-inspiration-award.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=7 November 2018|archive-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109153226/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/musicvideo/11116450/Mobo-Awards-2014-Idris-Elba-receives-inspiration-award.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A họpụtara Elba ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Order of the British Empire (OBE) n'afọ 2016 New Year Honours maka ọrụ na ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mendick|first=Robert|title=New Year's Honours: Idris Elba, Barbara Windsor, Damon Albarn and Ronnie O'Sullivan named in 2016 list|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/honours-list/12075218/New-Years-Honours-Idris-Elba-Barbara-Windsor-Damon-Albarn-and-Ronnie-OSullivan-named-in-2016-list.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=31 December 2015|accessdate=31 December 2015|archive-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020053354/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/honours-list/12075218/New-Years-Honours-Idris-Elba-Barbara-Windsor-Damon-Albarn-and-Ronnie-OSullivan-named-in-2016-list.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, Elba meriri aha nwoke maka onyinye "Rear of the Year" na Britain. [isi iyi dị <ref>{{Cite news|author=Adetula|first=Elizabeth|title=Idris Elba's bum wins Rear Of The Year because he's got buns, hun|url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/07/25/idris-elbas-bum-wins-rear-of-the-year-because-hes-got-buns-hun-6802970/|work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|date=25 July 2017|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref> Na Septemba afọ 2018, ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri ise a kpọrọ aha maka "ime ka London dị egwu" ma na-enye aka ịmepụta ọnọdụ ọdịbendị London bụ ndị gosipụtara na Time Out iji mee ncheta afọ iri ise nke magazin ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kheraj|first=Alim|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/things-to-do/50-londoners-who-make-the-city-awesome|title=50 Londoners who make the city awesome|work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]|date=14 September 2018|accessdate=7 November 2018}}</ref> Na mbipụta afọ 2020 na 2021 nke ''Powerlist'', edepụtara Elba na Top 100 nke ndị kachasị nwee mmetụta na UK nke agbụrụ Africa / African-Caribbean.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mills|first=Kelly-Ann|title=Raheem Sterling joins Meghan and Stormzy in top 100 most influential black Brits|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/black-powerlist-2020-raheem-sterling-20721033|work=mirror|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=25 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Lavender|first=Jane|title=Lewis Hamilton ends incredible year top of influential Black Powerlist 2021|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/black-power-list-2021-lewis-23017308|accessdate=19 January 2021|work=mirror|date=17 November 2020}}</ref> == Nhọrọ ihe nkiri ==   * ''Otu Ịhụnanya'' * ''Thor'' * ''Ghost Rider: Mmụọ nke ịbọ ọbọ'' * ''Prometheus'' * ''Pacific Rim'' * ''Thor: Ụwa gbara ọchịchịrị'' * ''Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom'' * ''Avengers: Age of Ultron'' * ''Zootopia'' * ''Akwụkwọ Jungle'' * ''Ụlọ Elu Ọchịchịrị'' * ''Ugwu dị n'etiti anyị'' * ''Thor: Ragnarok'' * ''Avengers: Infinity War'' * ''Fast &amp;amp; Furious: Hobbs &amp;amp; Shaw'' * ''Ndị agha igbu onwe ha'' * ''Sonic the Hedgehog 2'' '''Albọm''' * 2015: Murdah Loves John (The John Luther Character Album)<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hutchinson|first=Kate|title=Idris Elba: 'As an actor I'm always reading someone else's thoughts. What about my own thoughts?'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/dec/05/idris-elba-on-luther-and-murdah-loves-john|accessdate=17 June 2020|work=The Guardian|date=7 December 2015}}</ref> '''Egwuregwu agbatị''' * 2006: Big Man * 2009: ''Ndị Eze n'etiti Ndị Eze'' * 2010: High Class Problems Vol. 1 * 2014: ''Idris Elba Presents Mi Mandela'' * 2022: ''Cordi Elba'' (ya na Lime Cordiale)<ref name="Cordi Elba announcement">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/en_au/news/music/lime-cordiale-announce-joint-mini-album-with-idris-elba-3051516|title=Lime Cordiale announce joint mini-album with Idris Elba|work=[[NME Australia]]|date=22 September 2021|accessdate=14 October 2021|author=Triscari, Caleb}}</ref> '''Remixes''' * “Tụkwasị M Obi” * “Ihe ndị dị mkpa” '''Mixtapes''' * 2011: ''Merry DriisMas Holiday Mixtape'' '''Ngosipụta ndị ọzọ''' * 2019: "Ọ bụrụgodị na m nwụrụ (Hobbs & Shaw) na ụda nke ihe nkiri Fast & Furious Hobbs & Shaw, nke gosipụtara Cypress Hill; nsụgharị remix ahụ gosipụtara Hybrid. * 2019: "London Boy" nke Taylor Swift dere - Okwu mmalite nke egwu ahụ gosipụtara ihe ngosi site na ajụjụ ọnụ nke Elba. * 2019: "Party & BullShit" nke Sarkodie - E gosipụtara ya na egwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://celebritiesbuzzgh.com/download-sarkodie-party-and-bullshit-ft-donaeo-x-idris-elba/|title=Sarkodie – Party and Bullshit ft Donae'O & Idris Elba|work=CelebritiesBuzzGh.Com|accessdate=25 October 2019|archivedate=7 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807042950/https://celebritiesbuzzgh.com/download-sarkodie-party-and-bullshit-ft-donaeo-x-idris-elba/}}</ref> * 2020: "Fear or Faith Pt. 2" nke Future Utopia si na abọm 12 Questions .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/fraser-t-smith-announces-debut-album-ft-stormzy-dave-bastille-more-signs-to-platoon-70hz/080755|title=Fraser T Smith announces debut album ft Stormzy, Dave, Bastille & more, signs to Platoon/70hz|work=[[Music Week]]|accessdate=13 August 2020|date=12 August 2020|first=George|author=Garner}}</ref> * 2021: "Long Tailed Winter Bird (Idris Elba Remix) nke Paul McCartney si na abọm ''McCartney'' III Imagined .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.music-news.com/news/UK/138852/Sir-Paul-McCartney-teams-up-with-Idris-Elba-Damon-Albarn-for-McCartney-III-Imagined|title=Sir Paul McCartney teams up with Idris Elba & Damon Albarn for McCartney III Imagined|work=Music-News|accessdate=30 October 2021|date=11 March 2021|first=News|author=Desk}}</ref> '''Ndị otu egwu''' {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Aha ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Afọ ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Ọnọdụ chaatị kachasị elu ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Asambodo ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Abọm |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" |UK<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/54975/wiley-stefflon-don-sean-paul/|title=Wiley/Stefflon Don/Sean Paul – full Official Charts history|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" |AUS<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Macklemore+%26+Ryan+Lewis+feat.+Anderson+.Paak,+Idris+Elba&titel=Dance+Off&cat=s|title=Macklemore & Ryan Lewis feat. Anderson .Paak, Idris Elba – Dance Off (song)|work=australian-charts.com|accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Dance Off" Macklemore & Ryan Lewis <span style="font-size:85%;">featuring Idris Elba and</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">Anderson </span>.<br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Paak)</span> |2016 | - |7 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/australian-singles-major-lazer-registers-a-no-1-hit-with-bieber-and-mo-20160731|title=Australian Singles: Major Lazer Registers a No 1 Hit with Bieber and MØ|publisher=Noise11|author=Ryan|first=Gavin|date=31 July 2016|accessdate=1 August 2016}}</ref> |''Nke a Unruly Mess I've Made'' |- ! scope="row" |"Boasty", Wiley, Stefflon Don na Sean Paul gosipụtara Idris Elba)<br /><br /><br /><br /> | rowspan="3" |2019 |11 | - | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/|title=BRIT Certified – bpi|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|accessdate=26 April 2019|format=To access, enter the search parameter "Boasty" and select "Search by Keyword"|archivedate=21 October 2018|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20181021092428/https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/}}</ref> | rowspan="3" {{N/a|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Come Alive"Wrenne featuring Idris Elba)<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/come-alive-feat-idris-elba-single/1453550265|title=Come Alive (feat. Idris Elba) – Single by Wrenne|date=15 March 2019|publisher=iTunes Store|accessdate=20 November 2019}}</ref> | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |"New Breed", James BKS featuring Q-Tip, Idris Elba and Little Simz)<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/new-breed-feat-q-tip-idris-elba-little-simz-single/1486177988|title=New Breed (feat. Q-Tip, Idris Elba & Little Simz) – Single by James BKS|date=14 November 2019|publisher=iTunes Store|accessdate=20 November 2019|archivedate=25 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225234433/https://music.apple.com/gb/album/new-breed-feat-q-tip-idris-elba-little-simz-single/1486177988}}</ref> | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Apple Crumble"(na Lime Cordiale)<br /><br /><br /><br /> | rowspan="2" |2021 | - | - | | rowspan="4" |''Cordi Elba'' |- ! scope="row" |"What's Not to Like" na Lime Cordiale)<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/musicnews/lime-cordiale-idris-elba-whats-not-to-like-song-collab-album/13649932|title=Lime Cordiale & Idris Elba dish out tasty second single "What's Not To Like"|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=26 November 2021|accessdate=26 November 2021|author=Newstead, Al}}</ref> | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Holy Moley"( ya na Lime Cordiale<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tonedeaf.thebrag.com/lime-cordiale-and-idris-elba-release-mini-album-cordi-elba/|title=Lime Cordiale and Idris Elba have also shared "Holy Moley", the exciting latest single from their new mini album.|work=Tone Deaf|date=14 January 2022|accessdate=14 January 2022}}</ref>) | rowspan="3" |2022 | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa" na Lime Cordiale)<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/en_au/news/music/lime-cordiale-and-idris-elba-share-new-video-for-unnecessary-things-redux-3147238|title=Lime Cordiale and Idris Elba share new video for "Unnecessary Things" redux|work=[[NME Australia]]|date=27 January 2022|accessdate=30 January 2022}}</ref> | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Vroom", The FaNaTIX featuring Idris Elba<br /><br /><br /><br />, Lil Tjay, Davido, Koffee & Moelogo)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/6ApEaAL5iuN3cOwSoAbY1d|title=Vroom - from GRAN TURISMO 7|work=Spotify|date=March 2022|accessdate=16 March 2022}}</ref> | - | - | |''Find Your Line &#x2D; Official Music from Gran Turismo 7'' |- | colspan="6" style="font-size:90%" |"--" na-egosi ndekọ nke na-edeghị chaatị ma ọ bụ ewepụtaghị n'ókèala ahụ. |} == Edemsibịa == == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|252961}} * Idris Elba at the TCM Movie Database * Idris Elba at AllMovie * Idris Elba on Twitter * Idris Elba on Instagram [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1oee0em689nbd81xsc2hlnqtun8hon1 0 15282 727845 671996 2026-09-25T06:39:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:RichmondBarthe.jpg|thumb]] '''James Latimer Allen''' (1907-1977), bụ onye na-ese foto na onye na-ede foto nke a maara maka ihe oyiyi ya nke Harlem Renaissance nke ndi afọ 1920s na afọ 1930s. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Allen na New York City, na ngwụcha afọ 1920 ọ wuru ụlọ foto ebe a na-ese foto ọtụtụ ndị isi site n'oge ahụ. N'etiti ndị o sere foto gụnyere Langston Hughes, [[Paul Robeson]], Alain Locke, na Carl Van Vechten. == Ọrụ nka == Dị ka onye na-enyocha nka nke ''New York Times'' William Zimmer si kwuo, ọrụ Allen nyeere aka "ịkwado mmalite" nke "The New Negro" nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge ahụ. Ọrụ ya gosipụtara "otu ebumnuche" nke o kwenyere na ọ na-ejide echiche a nke onye isi ala, onye Afrịka-Amerịka gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. Ihe niile ọ na-ese na-eyi uwe nke ọma, ma na-ese foto n'ụzọ dị nro, nke yiri nke foto nke ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi n'oge ahụ. A na-akpọ ihe oyiyi ndị a ihe osise dị iche iche, ma gosipụta ndị dị mkpa na Harlem Renaissance dịka Langston Hughes na Countee Cullen. Ọrụ Allen pụtara n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ a ma ama site n'aka ndị na-akwado na ndị na-agbachitere Harlem Renaissance movement, dị ka The Opportunity, The Messenger, na The Crisis.<ref>''Yale Bulletin and Calendar'', Vol. 27, No. 18, January 25 – February 1, 1999.</ref> E gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri ndi afọ 1930 A Study of Negro Artists, ya na Richmond Barthé, Aaron Douglas, Palmer Hayden, William Ellisworth Artis, Malvin Gray Johnson, [[Augusta Savage]], Lois Mailou Jones, na Georgette Seabrooke, na ndị ọzọ.<ref>[[iarchive:study_of_negro_artists|''A Study of Negro Artists'']] at Internet Archive.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190224001820/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/561208/A-Study-of-Negro-Artists/full-synopsis.html "A Study of Negro Artists (1937)"] at TCM.</ref> Dị ka Camara Dia Holloway dere "Allen, James Latimer" na-egosi na Allen debanyere aha na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. == Mgbasa ozi mgbe ọ nwụsịrị == E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Yale University Art Gallery n'afọ 1999. Harmon Foundation nyere ya ihe nrite $ 50 maka ọrụ ya na foto dị ka onye na-ese ihe Negro.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Edward A. Jewell|title=ART: Work of Negro Artists on View. Exhibition by Anne Goldthwaite. Other Art Shows|work=The New York Times|date=February 17, 1931|page=29}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a na-ekwu na ihe ngosi ahụ n'afọ 1933, anaghị anọchite anya ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe Negro na-arụ na mba niile.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Edward A. Jewell|title=NEW DISPLAY MADE OF ART OF NEGROES: Exhibition at New School Has Fewer Entries, but Shows Interesting Subjects|work=The New York Times|date=May 1, 1934|page=21}}</ref> {{Reflist}} eait92smpbqq6rmv3ryi1gdtxn4wq97 0 16017 727726 721353 2026-09-24T20:56:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}    [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Gad Elmaleh''' (Arabic: جاد المالح, Gād el-Māleḥ; a mụrụ n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1971) bụ onye Moroccan-Canada na-eme ihe ọchị na onye na-emeeme ihe nkiri nke nwetara aha ọma na France, Morocco nakwa United States.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hortense Garzon|url=https://www.voici.fr/news-people/gad-elmaleh-pourquoi-lhumoriste-ne-peut-il-pas-voter-en-france-719240|title=Gad Elmaleh : pourquoi l'humoriste ne peut-il pas voter en France ?|language=French|date=18 December 2021|accessdate=19 December 2021}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma n'ụwa na-asụ French na nso nso a [mgbe?] na mba United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elle.fr/Personnalites/Gad-Elmaleh|title=Gad Elmaleh|language=French|accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> O meela ọtụtụ ''ihe'' nkiri, gụnyere Coco, Priceless, La Doublure na ''Midnight'' in Paris. A họpụtara ya dịka onye na-atọ ọchị na France, Minista nke Ọdịbendị kpọrọ ya knight nke Order of Arts and Letters; a kpọkwara ya knight of the National Order of Quebec. N'afọ 2015 na 2018, Elmaleh mere njem na-atọ ọchị na mba United States. N'afọ 2019, ọ pụtara na usoro Netflix Huge na France . == Afọ mmalite == A mụrụ Elmaleh ma zụlite ya na Casablanca n'ezinụlọ ndị Juu Berber nke Morocco.<ref>[https://fr.le360.ma/people/video-gad-elmaleh-adresse-un-message-en-amazigh-au-public-marocain-237478 Vidéo. Gad Elmaleh adresse un message en amazigh au public marocain] </ref> A zụlitere Elmaleh n'ebe dị iche iche nwere ọdịbendị, na-asụ Moroccan Arabic na French.<ref name="trevornoahinterview">{{Cite web|title=Gad Elmaleh – Pandering to America Like a Presidential Candidate|url=http://www.cc.com/video-clips/ewd74j/the-daily-show-with-trevor-noah-gad-elmaleh---pandering-to-america-like-a-presidential-candidate|work=The Daily Show with Trevor Noah (video)|date=26 January 2016|publisher=Comedy Central|accessdate=24 December 2017|archivedate=24 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224102128/http://www.cc.com/video-clips/ewd74j/the-daily-show-with-trevor-noah-gad-elmaleh---pandering-to-america-like-a-presidential-candidate}}</ref><ref name="esquire">{{Cite web|author=Henderson|first=Danielle|title=How This French Comedian Is Living the American Dream|url=http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a52947/gad-elmaleh-oh-my-gad-carnegie-hall/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208200452/http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a52947/gad-elmaleh-oh-my-gad-carnegie-hall/|archivedate=8 February 2017|work=Esquire|accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> Dịka nwatakịrị ọ ga-eji bọọdụ mara nna ya, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nna ya. Nwanne ya nwoke, Arié, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-agụ egwu, nwanne ya nwanyị, Judith, bụ onye Na-eme ihe ngosi na onye nduzi ihe nkiri. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na École Maïmonide, na Lycée Lyautey na Casablanca.<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|title=Biographie de Gad Elmaleh|url=http://www.linternaute.com/cinema/gad-elmaleh/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217103148/http://www.linternaute.com/cinema/gad-elmaleh/|archivedate=17 February 2017|work=L'internaute|accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ya si Morocco kwaga obodo Canada mgbe Elmaleh dị afọ iri na asaa. O mechara mụọ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mahadum dị na Montreal (ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụ na Mahadum Montreal ma ọ bụ Mahadum McGill, ebe ihe ndekọ ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ na-egosipụta ọ gara) ruo afọ anọ mana ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. N'afọ 1992, Elmaleh kwagara mba Paris iji mụọ ihe nkiri na Cours Florent n'okpuru nkuzi nke Isabelle Nanty.<ref name="bio" /><ref name="bio" /><ref name="jfl-mtlgazettte">{{Cite news|author=Brownstein|first=Bill|title=Just for Laughs: Gad Elmaleh happy to start from scratch in English|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/just-for-laughs-gad-elmaleh-happy-to-start-from-scratch-in-english|accessdate=29 May 2017|work=Montreal Gazette|date=22 June 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Ịkpa ụka ọchị === [[Usòrò:Olympia_Paris_dsc00803.jpg|thumb|N'Olympia]] Ihe ngosi mbụ nke Elmaleh nke otu onye Décalages, nke emere na "Palais des glaces" n'afọ 1997, bụ akụkọ ndụ onwe onye.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bigo|first=Camille|title=Gad Elmaleh partage une photo de jeunesse, clin d'oeil au Festival Juste pour rire|url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/05/05/gad-elmaleh-photo-jeunesse-montreal_n_16427816.html|accessdate=30 May 2017|work=HuffPost|date=5 May 2017}}</ref> N'ime ihe ngosi ahụ, ọ na-akọwa njem ya malite na ọpụpụ ya n'obodo Morocco mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na-aga n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na Montreal ma mechie na mba France ebe ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na Cours Florent. Aha ya gara n'ihu site na ihe ịga nke ọma nke ihe ngosi nke abụọ ya, La Vie Normale nke bụ oge mbụ ya na-eme na Olympia yana ihe ngosi mbụ ya nke ihe karịrị awa abụọ.<ref name="lavienormale">{{Cite news|author=Z|first=O|title=La Vie Normale Gad Elmaleh|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/vous/article/2006/04/15/gad-elmaleh-la-vie-normale_761994_3238.html|work=Le Monde.fr|date=15 April 2006|accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> E wepụtara ihe ngosi ahụ na DVD na 23 Jenụwarị 2001. N'adịghị ka ihe ngosi abụọ mbụ ya, L'autre c'est moi (2005) ya nwere ihe ndị ọzọ na mmekọrịta ya na ọha na eze. A na-eto ya maka iwebata ụdị American stand-up na France ma jiri ya mee ihe na ihe ngosi otu onye ya.<ref name="thisamericanlife">{{Cite web|title=Act One: Je Suis Ici Toute La Semaine.|date=9 September 2016|url=https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/596/becoming-a-badger?act=1|publisher=This American Life}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri n'ọkwa na L'autre, c'est moi n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2006 na Canada (Montreal) na US (na Broadway, na Beacon Theater n'ihu ndị nkiri 3000); emere ya na Casablanca, Morocco. N'agbata ọnwa Eprel na Ọgọstụ afọ 2007 ọ gbara ihe ngosi ya na France, Belgium, na Switzerland. Ihe ngosi ahụ dọtara ihe karịrị mmadụ 300,000. E mechara wepụta ihe ngosi ahụ na DVD ma ree 1,500,000. === Ime ihe nkiri === Mmekọrịta mbụ Elmaleh na ihe nkiri bụ ihe nkiri zuru oke, Salut cousin ! nke Merzak Allouache. O mechara pụta na L'homme est une femme comme les autres na Train de Vie. N'afọ 2000 ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke "Dov", onye na-eduhie eduhie na La Vérité si je mens ! 2. A rụgharịrị àgwà nke "Chouchou" na La Vie Normale na ihe ọchị ''Chouchou'' (2002), nke Merzak Allouache duziri ma bụrụkwa nke Alain Chabat; nkiri ahụ dọtara ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị. Mgbe ahụ, o mere nke mbụ ya dịka onye na-agụ egwu na "ọ bụ kiz ndụ m", abụ a ma ama n'asụsụ na-adịghị adị. J.G Biggs duziri vidiyo egwu ahụ ma gbaa ya na Paris Hôtel Costes a ma ama. [[Usòrò:Gad_elmaleh.jpg|thumb|Elmaleh na-etinye aka na 2007]] Ọ laghachiri na ihe nkiri n'afọ 2004 mgbe ''ọ'' pụtara na ihe nkiri afọ 2004 Olé! ya na Gérard Depardieu. N'afọ 2005, ọ pụtara dịka [[:fr:François Pignon|François Pignon]] na La Doublure (aha Bekee "The Valet"), nke Francis Veber. N'afọ 2006, ọ pụtara n'ihu Audrey Tautou na Priceless (aha French "Hors de prix"), nke Pierre Salvadori. == Ndụ onwe == Elmaleh na onye France na-eme ihe nkiri Anne Brochet biri site n'afọ 1998 ruo 2002. Ha nwere otu nwa nwoke, Noé, ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Who Is Gad Elmaleh?|url=http://www.letintinmovie.com/tintin-movie-who-is-gad-elmaleh|date=19 February 2009|archive-date=4 March 2009|access-date=20 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304043301/http://www.letintinmovie.com/tintin-movie-who-is-gad-elmaleh|url-status=dead}}</ref> Akụkọ mmekọrịta ha na nkewa a kọrọ n'akwụkwọ Brochet bụ Trajet d'une amoureuse éconduite . Site n'afọ 2009 ruo 2010, onye mmekọ ya bụ onye nta akụkọ French Marie Drucker. Ya na Charlotte Casiraghi nwere mmekọrịta site n'ọnwa Disemba 2011 ruo June 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20395222_21006201,00.html|title=Gad Elmaleh Confirms Split from Charlotte Casiraghi|date=12 May 2016}}</ref> A mụrụ nwa ha nwoke, Raphaël, n'abalị 17 ọnwa Disemba afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2013080513953/charlotte-casiraghi-bump-holiday-italy/|title=Charlotte Casiraghi seen shopping for baby clothes|date=5 August 2013|publisher=Hello! Magazine|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/familles-royales/monaco-charlotte-casiraghi-et-gad-elmaleh-parents-d-un-petit-garcon-18-12-2013-3420051.php|title=Monaco : Charlotte Casiraghi et Gad Elmaleh prénomment leur fils Raphaël|date=18 December 2013}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == N'afọ 2004, Elmaleh natara onyinye maka ihe ngosi otu nwoke kachasị mma site na SACEM na France. N'afọ 2006, ọ natara Crystal Globes Award. site na French Press Association, maka ihe ngosi otu nwoke kachasị mma maka La Vie Normale. N'afọ 2006, Minista nke Ọdịbendị nke France bụ Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres nyere Elmaleh Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Onye isi ala Quebec bụ Philippe Couillard mere ya onye otu National Order of Quebec n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gad Elmaleh et Philippe Couillard boivent de l'eau... et changent d'accent (VIDÉO)|url=http://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/05/16/gad-elmaleh-insigne-chevalier-ordre-national-quebec_n_16646620.html|accessdate=30 May 2017|work=HuffPost|date=16 May 2017}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * Les soeurs d'Hamlet (1996), na-arụ ọrụ Hamlet * ''XXL'' (1997) ya na Catherine Jacob, Michel Boujenah, Gérard Depardieu * Hi Cousin (1997), na-arụ ọrụ Allilou * Vive la République ! (1997) * ''Nwoke'' Is a Woman (1998) na Antoine de Caunes, Elsa Zylberstein * Train of Life (1998) na Lionel Abelanski, Rufus * ''Anyị na-eme'' dị ka anyị kwuru (1999) * Deuxième vie (2000), na-arụ ọrụ Lionel * Dr. Dolittle 2 (2000), olu French nke Archie * ''Ndị mmadụ na-eyi uwe ịsa ahụ abụghị'' (n'ezie) elu elu (2001), na-arụ ọrụ nke Jimmy * La Vérité si je mens! 2 (2001) na Richard Anconina, José Garcia, Bruno Solo, Gilbert Melki * ''A+ Pollux'' (2002) na Cécile de France * Chouchou (2003) ya na Alain Chabat, onye na-ede ihe nkiri dị ka ''Chouchou'' * ''Iwu iri na otu'' (2004) na Michaël Youn dị ka onwe ya * Ole! na Gérard Depardieu (''2005'') * The Valet na Alice Taglioni, Daniel Auteuil, Dany Boon, Virginie Ledoyen, Kristin Scott Thomas (''2005'') * Priceless (2006) ya na Audrey Tautou * Comme ton père (2007) na Richard Berry * Bee Movie (2007), olu French nke Barry B. Benson * Coco (2009), bụkwa onye nduzi na onye edemede * Despicable Me (2010), olu French nke Gru * The Round Up (2010) na Mélanie Laurent, Jean Reno * ''Midnight na Paris'' (2011) * A Monster in Paris (2011), French na olu mbụ nke Raoul * The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011) dị ka Omar Ben Salaad<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jay A. Fernandez, Borys Kit|title=Daniel Craig to star in "Tintin"|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=27 January 2009|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3ic323ae8a6486e91c8f3aab35cbff3722|accessdate=27 January 2009|archive-date=31 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131161003/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3ic323ae8a6486e91c8f3aab35cbff3722|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Jack'' & Jill (2011), cameo dị ka Chef Xavier * ''Obi ụtọ Abịaghị Nanị'' (2012) * Capital (2012) na Gabriel Byrne * The Dream Team (2012) na José Garcia, Jean-Pierre Marielle, Joey Starr * The Dictator (2012), cameo dị ka ''onye'' na-eme ngagharị iwe Wadiyan * Mood Indigo (2013) dị ka Chick * Despicable Me 2 (2013), olu French nke Gru * The Midnight Orchestra, (2014) * Minions (2015), olu French nke Gru (onye na-eto eto) * ''Pattaya'', (2016) * Welcome to America (Nkebi), (2017) * ''Ekele m''! (2017) * Despicable Me 3 (2017), olu French nke Gru * Huge na France (2019), usoro TV nke Netflix * Flashback (2021) == Ndekọ Egwu == === Ndị dị otu === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Afọ ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="150" |Aha ya ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200" |E nyere ya aha ! colspan="2" align="center" width="20" |Ọnọdụ kachasị elu |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |E wezụga nke ahụ<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref name="fr">{{Cite web|url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Gad+Elmaleh|title=Gad Elmaleh discography|publisher=Hung Medien|work=lescharts.com|accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |BEL<nowiki><br id="mwAbA"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki> (Wa<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref name="bel">{{Cite web|url=http://ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Gad+Elmaleh|title=Gad Elmaleh discography|publisher=Hung Medien|work=ultratop.be/fr/|accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref>) |- | style="text-align:center;" |2002 |"Ọ na-egbu ndụ m" |Gad Elmaleh feat. Ụmụ nwoke Bratisla | style="text-align:center;" |27 | style="text-align:center;" | – |- | style="text-align:center;" |2015 |"Nsọ nke ọṅụ (Lalala)" |Gad Elmaleh & LiMa Project | style="text-align:center;" |52 | style="text-align:center;" |46 |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|255362}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150722041534/http://www.quoteszing.com/quotes/author/gad-elmaleh/ Gad Elmaleh Nkwupụta] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 10k8jb20n3lj8nuz2qlouf9267nxq0k 0 16214 727882 515181 2026-09-25T09:24:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''John Indi''' bụ onye na-eme ''ihe'' nkiri a maara maka ọrụ ya na A Far Off Place (1993), ''Mandela'', na Incident at Victoria Falls (1992). Indi na nwunye ya na-eme ihe nkiri [[Kubi Indi]], malitere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ngwaahịa mara mma nke dị na Africa. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Mgbe Zimbabwe nweere onwe ya, Indi na nwunye ya Chaza laghachiri na mba ahụ. N'ebe ahụ, ha malitere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe mara mma a na-akpọ Kubi Cosmetics nke bụ ugbu a akara a ma ama na Southern Africa. Ọ na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị kpọmkwem maka akpụkpọ na ntutu isi Africa.<ref>''News Day Zimbabwe'', August 3, 2013 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606003118/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/08/03/ocoft-rescues-children-of-jailed-parents/ Ocoft rescues children of jailed parents - Report by Ropafadzo Mapimhidze]</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke dọkịta amoosu na ihe nkiri afọ 1982 ''Shamwari'' nke Ian Yule na Ken Gampu gosipụtara.<ref>Interfilmes.com - [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303145507/https://www.interfilmes.com/filme_v1_247638_Shamwari-(Shamwari).html#Elenco Shamwari]</ref> O nwere ọrụ dị mkpa, na-arụ ọrụ Oliver Tambo na ihe nkiri TV ''Mandela'' nke e wepụtara n'afọ 1987.<ref>''Cuadernos del tercer mundo'', Issues 91-96 - University of Texas - [https://books.google.com/books?id=df9CAAAAYAAJ&q=%22John+Indi%22Oliver+Tambo&dq=%22John+Indi%22Oliver+Tambo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii6ZKBwLjVAhUEgrwKHSicCngQ6AEIQTAG Page 87]</ref><ref>''[[The New York Times]]'', September 20, 1987 - [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/20/arts/tv-view-mandela-is-moving-but-oversimplified.html TV VIEW; 'Mandela' Is Moving, But Oversimplified]</ref> Ọrụ ọzọ a ma ama o nwere bụ ịkwụ ụgwọ maka akụkụ Khumalo na ''ihe'' nkiri Bill Corcoran duziri Incident at Victoria Falls nke e wepụtara n'afọ 1992.<ref>The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia - [https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Incident_at_Victoria_Falls Incident at Victoria Falls Cast]</ref> Ọ pụtara dịka Bamuthi na ihe nkiri njem nke afọ 1993, A Far Off Place nke Mikael Salomon duziri. O nwere òkè na Ruggero Deodato's ''Sotto il cielo dell'Africa'' aka Thinking About Africa nke e wepụtara n'afọ 1999.<ref>''[[TV Guide]]'' - [https://web.archive.org/web/20170802173229/http://www.tvguide.com/movies/a-far-off-place/cast/129655/ A Far Off Place CAST & CREW]</ref><ref>''Italian Horror Film Directors'', By Louis Paul - [https://books.google.com/books?id=fRA3AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&dq=%22John+Indi%22Sotto+il+cielo+dell'Africa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH1NjJxbjVAhUGNJQKHRXhDc4Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22John%20Indi%22Sotto%20il%20cielo%20dell'Africa&f=false Page 118 ''Sotto il cielo dell'Africa'']</ref> == Filmography (ahọrọ) == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+Ihe nkiri na telivishọn |+Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! scope="col" |Onye nduzi ! scope="col" |Afọ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu # |- ! scope="row" |''Shamwari'' |Onye amoosu |Clive Harding |1982 | |- ! scope="row" |''Mandela'' |Oliver Tambo |Ronald Harwood |1987 |Ihe nkiri TV |- ! scope="row" |''Ihe mere na Victoria Falls'' |Khumalo |Bill Corcoran |19922 | |- ! scope="row" |''Ebe Dị Iche Iche'' |Bamuthi |Mikael Solomọn |1993 | |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+Telivishọn |+Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ihe omume ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! scope="col" |Onye nduzi ! scope="col" |Afọ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu # |- ! scope="row" |''Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ụmụaka'' |Nwa nke Soweto |Adam Cotto |Onye nkuzi Frank |1996 | |- ! scope="row" |''Kongo'' |''1959-1960'' |Eunungu | |1997 |Obere usoro |- ! scope="row" |''Onye Agha'' |''Usoro Nchịkwa'' |Onye ndú nnupụisi |Roger Tucker |1997 | |- ! scope="row" |''Sotto il cielo dell'Africa'' | |Mowanda |Onye Ruggero Deodato |1999 | |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+Ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri |+Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! scope="col" |Onye nduzi ! scope="col" |Afọ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu # |- ! scope="row" |''Scrooge'' |Ebenezer Scrooge | |2012-2013 |Ihe Chọọchị Ezinụlọ Ndị Kraịst mepụtara |- |} A makwaara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-ese okwu ma mee mgbasa ozi ole na ole maka Chicken Licken yana Kiwi Shoe polish.<ref>chickenlicken.co.za -</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0408509/?ref_=tt_cl_t4 John Indi na IMDb] * [http://www.fandango.com/johnindi/information/p124503 John Indi na Fandango] * [https://www.facebook.com/pages/John-Indi/778891212141254 John Indi Facebook Page] == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pcb1yl2i2fe60v3ya2lescghf8pb527 0 16755 727859 80668 2026-09-25T07:44:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727859 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Jeillo Edwards''' (23 Septemba 1942, Freetown, Sierra Leone 2 Julaị 2004, [[London]], England) bụ onye [[Sierra Leone]] na-eme ihe nkiri, onye ama ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ojii na Britain. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ sitere n'Afrịka ịmụ ihe nkiri na Guildhall School of Music and Drama nke London.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeillo Edwards|work=The Guardian|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/news/2004/jul/27/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|accessdate=2022-05-26}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ otu n'ime ndị isi ojii mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn UK bụ ː ''Dixon nke Dock Green'', ma mee ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ na telivisọn Britain, redio, ikpo okwu na ihe nkiri.<ref name="Ledger">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jeillo-edwards-6165141.html|first=Fiona|author=Ledger|title=Jeillo Edwards: Good-humoured cast matriarch on television and BBC radio|work=[[The Independent]]|date=21 July 2004|archive-date=7 May 2014|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507013054/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jeillo-edwards-6165141.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Stage">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/features/obituaries/2004/09/jeillo-edwards/|title=Jeillo Edwards : Obituaries|first=Patrick|author=Newley|work=[[The Stage]]|date=27 September 2004}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Jeillo Angela Doris Edwards na Freetown, Sierra Leone, otu n'ime ụmụ isii, ọ gara ụlọakwụkwọ Annie Walsh Memorial School.<ref name="White">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/arts/news/obituary/0,12723,1269841,00.html|first=Robin|author=White|title=Jeillo Edwards – African character actor whose range shone on the BBC World Service|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 July 2004}}</ref><ref name="Ledger"/> Ọ kwagara England na ngwụcha afọ 1950 wee gụọ akwụkwọ n'ụlọakwụkwọ Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, na-agụ akwụkwọ Bible na chọọchị ya. A maara ya nke ọma maka olu ya pụrụ iche na nkwupụta siri ike. Ọ gosipụtara na BBC World Service for Africa, nke a na-agbasa site na UK. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na United Kingdom, na-apụta na telivishọn, ebe ọ bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ pụtara na telivisọn Britain yana ịbụ onye Afrịka mbụ pụtara na The Bill, redio na n'elu ikpo okwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC World Service - Come Inside, Jeillo Edwards|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03772ww|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=BBC|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ pụtara na ọrụ cameo n'ọtụtụ mmemme telivishọn na-atọ ọchị na Britain, nke gụnyere The Professio''na''ls, The League of Gentlemen, Absolutely Fabulous, Red Dwarf, Black Books, Spaced na Little Britain, nke a haziri ka ọ pụta na usoro nke abụọ tupu ọnwụ ya. Tinyere ime ihe nkiri ọ bụkwa onye gọvanọ ụlọ akwụkwọ n'otu oge ma nwee ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ a na-akpọ Auntie J's na Brixton.<ref name="White"/> Na mbido afọ 1970, ọ lụrụ onye Ghana, Edmund Clottey, ha nwere nwa nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke abụọ.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3880165.stm|title=Sierra Leone star dies|first=Alice|author=Martin|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 July 2004}}</ref> Jeillo Edwards nwụrụ na London mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na otu, ebe ọ na-arịa ọrịa akụrụ dị egwu.<ref name="Stage"/><ref name="White"/> == Onye na-eme ihe nkiri == * 2003: ''Obere Britain'' .... Nọọsụ (1 ihe omume, 2003) * 2003: ''Ìgwè Na-eme Nnyocha Ogbugbu'' .... Agnes Welsh (1 ihe omume, 2003) * 2003: ''Ogbugbu n'uche'' .... Phyllis (1 ihe omume, 2003) * 2002: Dirty Pretty Things .... Nwanyị Na-ehicha Ụlọ Ọgwụ * 2002: ''Anansi'' .... Nwanne nne Vera * 2001: Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya.... Jeillo (1 ihe omume, 2001) * 2001: ''Egwuregwu Sam''.... Mumma (1 ihe omume, 2001) * 2001: ''Nkewa''.... Tim's Benefit Clerk (1 ihe omume, 2001) * 2000: Black Books .... Midwife (1 ihe omume, 2000) * 2000: ''Ihe Banyere Vince'' .... Oriakụ Cuffy (2 ihe omume, 2000) * 2000: ''Njikọ nke ndị'' ikom .... Yvonne (1 ihe omume, 2000) * 2000: ''Ịhụnanya siri ike'' (TV) .... Nwanyị Na-ewe Nri * 1999: ''Red Dwarf'' .... Onye Nchịkwa Ala nke Abụọ (1 ihe omume, 1999) * 1998: A Rather English Marriage (TV).... Nwanne nwanyị * 1998: Ụmụ ọhụrụ n'ime osisi .... Nwanyị Naịjirịa (1 ihe omume, 1998) * 1998: N'Akwaga .... Nne (1 ihe omume, 1998) * 1997: Nkwado.... Aunt Gaynor (5 episodes, 1997) * 1997: Paris, Brixton .... Ike dị nro * 1996: ''Ihe mara mma'' .... Rose * 1994: ''Pat na Margaret'' (TV) .... Nwanyị Tea Bar * 1994: A Skirt Through History .... Mary Prince (1 ihe omume, 1994) * 1993: The Line, the Cross & the Curve .... Onye na-agba egwú 'Rịa Egwú' * 1992: Screen One .... Oriakụ Jessop (1 ihe omume, 1992) * 1989: Sob Sisters .... Nwanyị na nkịta (1 ihe omume, 1989) * 1989: Mgbukpọ.... Nne nne / ... (3 episodes, 1989 na 1997) * 1988: Rumpole nke Bailey .... Lady Cashier (1 ihe omume, 1988) * 1988: ''Ọkụ ọkụ nke London''.... Oriakụ Jones (1 ihe omume, 1988) * 1987: Iwu ahụ .... Clarice Paine / Mary Mullen / Mrs Ambrose / Mrs Peake / Mrs Konchella / Mrs Keel / Woman at Counter (7 episodes, 1987 1910) * 1987: ''Elphida'' (TV) .... Nwanyị Somalia * 1987: Scoop (TV) .... Oriakụ Jackson * 1985: Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense .... Landlady (1 ihe omume, 1985) * 1983: ''Maybury'' .... Oriakụ Galsworthy (1 ihe omume, 1983) * 1982: Ịhụnanya bụ Ochie, Ịhụnanya dị ọhụrụ (TV).... Onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ * 1981: Memoirs of a Survivor .... Nwanyị nọ n'ebe a na-ere akụkọ * 1979: Empire Road ... Mary O'Fili (1 ihe omume, 1979) * 1979: Usoro ihe nkiri TV nke Room Service .... Oriakụ McGregor (ihe omume ndị a na-amaghị ama) * 1978: ''Ndị ọkachamara'' .... West Indian Woman (1 ihe omume, 1978) * 1978: ''Betzi'' (TV) .... Sarah * 1976: Centre Play .... Nọọsụ (2 episodes, 1976-1977) * 1975: Egwu maka Taa.... Lucy / ... (2 ihe omume, 1975-1980). * 1975: ''Ndị mmụọ ozi'' .... Oriakụ Jobo (2 ihe omume, 1975-1980) * 1972: ''Dixon nke Dock Green'' .... Oriakụ Morgan (1 ihe omume, 1972) == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|id=0250087}} ldre9imgrc54vgosuxsbtccx34j2jvf 0 16924 727709 721277 2026-09-24T19:32:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] '''Refilwe Boingotlo Moeketsi''' (amụrụ n'abalị̀ iri abụọ na anọ nke ọ̀nwa Ọktoba afo 1991), nke a maara dịka '''Fifi Cooper''' bụ onye na-edekọ egwu na South Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://quenchsa.com/2016/01/29/no-witchcraft-formed-against-me-shall-prosper-fifi-cooper/comment-page-1/|title=‘NO WITCHCRAFT FORMED AGAINST ME SHALL PROSPER’ – FIFI COOPER|work=QuenchSA|author=therealntokozo|date=29 January 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> Fifi Cooper malitere ọrụ egwu ya dị ka onye na-agụ egwu R&B tupu mgbasasi egwu ya ahụ ya ka ọ wepụtara egwu rap ya "Chechela Morago" n'afọ 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sahiphopmag.co.za/2015/06/top-10-things-you-didnt-know-about-fifi-cooper/|title=TOP 10 THING'S YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT FIFI COOPER.|work=SA Hip Hop Magazine|date=24 June 2015|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, o wepụtara abọm studio mbụ ya nke nwetara ihe nrite ''20FIFI'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theedgesearch.com/2016/02/mma15-best-female-album-winner-is-fifi.html|title=#MMA15: Best Female Album winner is Fifi Copper – ’20FIFI’|publisher=The Edge Search|author=Dayile|first=Qhama|date=28 February 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://drum.co.za/celebs/ambitiouz-artists-on-the-rise/|title=Ambitiouz artists on the rise|work=DRUM Magazine|author=Dayile|first=Qhama|date=11 April 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Fifi Cooper bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ atọ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Montshiwa, Mahikeng, South Africa, ebe o jikwa mgbalị ya na-ịbụ abụ na ịgba egwú mee ihe. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Batswana High School, Mahikeng na agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu na Boston Media House ebe ọ gụrụ Media.<ref name="hype">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hypemagazine.co.za/2014/11/fifi-cooper-an-interview-with-motswakos-1st-lady-of-raps/|title=Fifi Cooper: An interview with Motswako’s 1st lady of raps|work=[[Hype (magazine)|Hye Magazine]]|date=18 November 2014|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundayworld.co.za/lifestyle/2015/10/01/fifi-cooper-first-lady-of-motswako|title=Fifi Cooper: First lady of motswako|work=Sunday World|author=Madibogo|first=Julia|date=1 October 2015|accessdate=29 May 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018153735/http://www.sundayworld.co.za/lifestyle/2015/10/01/fifi-cooper-first-lady-of-motswako|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === 2008-2014: Mmalite === Fifi Cooper malitere ịbụ abụ mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị; na-esonye n'ihe omume ndị ọzọ.Ọ malitere ọrụ egwu ya n'afọ 2008 mgbe ọ mere ngosi ọbịa na Mo'Molemi 's ''Motzamai: Rebel With a Pause'' album. Ihe ịga nke oma ya bịara n'afọ 2010 ka ewepụtara otu ya akpọrọ "Chechela Morago", egwu rap nke nwetara nnukwu egwu egwu ma mee nke ọma iji nweta ebe ọhụrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ egwu South Africa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/982763/mtv-reveals-sas-hottest-newcomers/|title=MTV reveals SA's hottest newcomers|work=The Citizen|author=Pantsi|first=Nandipha|date=9 February 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016|archive-date=1 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501215046/http://citizen.co.za/982763/mtv-reveals-sas-hottest-newcomers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/2e7829004bd985ce8f628f96fb2bb898/Fifi-Cooper-a-rising-star-in-SA-music-industry-20162802|title=Fifi Cooper a rising star in SA music industry|work=South African Broadcasting Corporation|author=Gaetsewe|first=Dyaelle|date=28 February 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018155320/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/2e7829004bd985ce8f628f96fb2bb898/Fifi-Cooper-a-rising-star-in-SA-music-industry-20162802|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fifi Cooper mekwara ka ụda olu pụta ìhè na remix nke AKA 's "Baddest Remix" single, Mo'Molemi's album titled ''Asia'', Khuli Chana 's ''Lost in Time'' and Lection's ''Gentlemen's Club'' . <ref name="hype" /> === 2015 2019: ''20FIFI'' === N'afọ 2015, Fifi Cooper bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ nke Ambitiouz Entertainment, ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ nke South Africa. Na mbido afọ 2015, ọ wepụtara egwu AB Crazy nke akpọrọ "Kisses". Dino Benedetti duziri vidiyo egwu nke "Kisses" ma wepụta ya na YouTube n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa Mee afọ 2015. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Fifi Cooper wepụtara ''20FIFI'', abọm studio mbụ ya nke meriri ihe nrite atọ na 15th Metro FM Music Awards<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mini.iol.co.za/tonight/music/fifi-cooper-wins-big-at-mma15-1992493|title=Fifi Cooper wins BIG at #MMA15|work=Independent Online|author=Phathi|first=Dineho|date=2 March 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> ma họpụta ya ọzọ na "Best Newcomer of The Year" na "Best Female Artist of The Year " na mbipụta nke abụọ nke South African Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundayworld.co.za/lifestyle/2016/04/21/newcomers-fifi-cooper-nathi-and-emtee-lead-2016-samas-nomination-list|title=Newcomers Fifi Cooper, Nathi and Emtee lead 2016 SAMAs nomination list|work=Sunday World|date=21 April 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016|archive-date=29 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529024515/http://www.sundayworld.co.za/lifestyle/2016/04/21/newcomers-fifi-cooper-nathi-and-emtee-lead-2016-samas-nomination-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2017, Fifi Cooper hapụrụ Ambitiouz Entertainment tinyere A-Reece na duo hip hop B3nchMarQ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shocker! Top rappers Fifi Cooper, B3nchmarq and A Reece Leave Ambitiouz|url=http://citizen.co.za/your-life/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/1431475/shocker-top-rappers-fifi-cooper-b3nchmarq-reece-leave-ambitiouz/|work=The Citizen|accessdate=18 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Breaking!!! Fifi Cooper, B3nchMarQ And A -Reece Leaves Ambitiouz Ent… Fifi Unveils Own Record Label|url=https://www.zatrends.co.za/breaking-fifi-cooper-b3nchmarq-and-a-reece-leaves-ambitiouz-ent-fifi-unveils-own-record-label/|work=ZATrends|accessdate=18 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218234523/http://www.zatrends.co.za/breaking-fifi-cooper-b3nchmarq-and-a-reece-leaves-ambitiouz-ent-fifi-unveils-own-record-label/|archivedate=18 February 2017}}</ref> === 2020-ruo ugbu a: Abọm na-abịanụ === Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị akara ndekọ mbụ ya, o guzobere akara ndekọ nke ya Mo Cooper records ma mesịa wepụta abọm mbụ ya n'okpuru akara ndekọ nke aka ya. Abọm egwu iri abụọ na otu akpọrọ "Take Me Back" nke gụnyere egwu dịka "Freedom & "Zwagala", gosipụtara ndị dị ka Thabsie, Moozlie, Towdeemac na Leon Lee ịkpọ aha ole na ole.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fifi Cooper on starting her own record label, touring Africa and a new single|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2021-03-26-fifi-cooper-on-starting-her-own-record-label-touring-africa-and-a-new-single/|first=Patience|author=Bambalele|date=26 March 2021|work=Sowetan LIVE}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Fifi Cooper wepụtara egwu mbụ ya "Net So" site na abọm ya na-abịanụ na 2021 nke akpọrọ Chapters . Vidio egwu maka "Net So" nke Mo Cooper Visuals gbara, The Boss Lady n'onwe ya dekwara ma duzie ya. N'abalị iri na otu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ̀ 2021, a tọhapụrụ egwu ya "Motlogeleng".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fifi Cooper Drops Motlogeleng Off Her Upcoming Album! - Mgosi|url=https://mgosi.co.za/fifi-cooper-drops-motlogeleng-off-her-upcoming-album/|date=9 March 2021|work=Mgosi}}</ref> Abụ ahụ ga-abụ isi egwu site na abọm ya na-abịanụ. == Nka == N'ịbụ onye ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi obodo na-ele anya dị ka "nwanyi mbụ nkeotswako", ụdị egwu Fifi Coopers nwere ike ịhụ rap ya ma na-abụ abụ. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye na-agụ egwú na egwu Khuli Chana bụ "Mnatebawen", ọ na-eme ụdị egwu hip hop na Motswako.<ref name="sowetan" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''YoMzansi'', Fifi Cooper kọwara ụdị rap ya dị ka "ihe a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta akọwapụta, nke na-eme ihe ike na nke obi ụtọ".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.yomzansi.com/2015/07/13/interview-with-fifi-cooper-talks-new-upcoming-ep/|title=INTERVIEW WITH: Fifi Cooper talks new upcoming EP|work=YoMzansi|date=13 July 2015|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> == Ndepụta egwu == === Abọm studio === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:9em;" |Aha ya ! scope="col" style="width:13em;" |Nkọwa nke abọm |- ! scope="row" |''20FIFI'' | * A tọhapụrụ ya: 13 Nọvemba 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/za/album/20fifi/id1056626454|title=20Fifi by Fifi Cooper|date=13 November 2015|accessdate=30 May 2016|archive-date=23 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923204634/https://itunes.apple.com/za/album/20fifi/id1056626454|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Akara: Ambitiouz Entertainment * Ụdị: CD, nbudata dijitalụ |- ! scope="row" |''Were M'' | * A tọhapụrụ ya: 2018 * Label: MoCooper Records * Ụdị: nbudata dijitalụ |} == Ndụ onwe onye == Fifi Cooper bụ nne naanị ya, o nwere nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Resego.<ref name="sowetan">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/music/2015/09/23/fifi-cooper-hip-hops-next-big-thing|title=Fifi Cooper: Hip hop’s next big thing|work=Sowetan Live|author=Tjiya|first=Emmanuel|date=23 September 2015|accessdate=29 May 2016|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701063714/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/music/2015/09/23/fifi-cooper-hip-hops-next-big-thing|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTjiya2015">Tjiya, Emmanuel (23 September 2015). </cite></ref> == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ememe mmeri !Ihe nrite !Ọrụ / Ihe Nri !Nsonaazụ !Ref |- | rowspan="3" |2015 | rowspan="3" |15th Metro FM Music Awards |Onye Ọhụrụ Kasị Mma |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="chronicle">{{Cite news|url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/emtee-fifi-cooper-nathi-win-big-at-metro-fm-awards/|title=Emtee, Fifi Cooper, Nathi win big at Metro FM Awards|work=The Chronicle|date=29 February 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> |- |Album kacha mma e mepụtara | rowspan="2" |''20FIFI'' |{{Won}} |<ref name="chronicle" /> |- |Album Nwanyị Kasị Mma |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/4c6c22004bd885e793ec9796fb2bb898/Emtee,-Nathi,-Fifi-Cooper-rule-Metro-awards-20162802|title=Emtee, Nathi, Fifi Cooper rule Metro Awards|work=South African Broadcasting Corporation|date=28 February 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018155222/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/4c6c22004bd885e793ec9796fb2bb898/Emtee,-Nathi,-Fifi-Cooper-rule-Metro-awards-20162802|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 | rowspan="2" |22nd South African Music Awards |Onye Ọhụrụ nke Afọ | rowspan="2" |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name="okayafrica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/news/south-african-music-award-sama-2016-nominees/|title=#SAMA22: The Nominees for the 2016 South African Music Awards (SAMAs)|publisher=OkayAfrica|author=Klein|first=Alyssa|date=21 April 2016|accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> |- |Nwanyị Na-ese Ihe nke Afọ |{{Nom}} |<ref name="okayafrica" /> |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist|}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cooper, Fifi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] b0d6p2x1dqmew9pkn1md6h495etq6xy 0 17012 727728 721369 2026-09-24T21:12:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[Usòrò:Gaëlle Enganamouit FIFA Women's World Cup 2015.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Gaëlle Deborah Enganamouit''' (amụrụ na abalị iteolu, na onwa nke isii, na afọ 1992) bụ onye Cameroon na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka [[Footbọl|onye]] na-agbachitere klọb Spanish Málaga CF na ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị [[Kameroon|Cameroon]]. == Ọrụ klọb == Enganamouit gbara bọọlụ na Serbian First League maka Spartak Subotica, onye ọ pụtara na UEFA Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gaëlle Enganamouit|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250054901/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=10 November 2016|archive-date=19 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219185139/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250054901/profile/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Spartak Enganamouit, a kọrọ na ọ gbara goolu kachasị ọsọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị, mgbe sekọnd abụọ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cameroon International Gaëlle Enganamouit signs contract with FC Rosengård|url=http://www.cameroonvoice.com/news/article-news-20988.html|accessdate=30 December 2015|publisher=Cameroon Voice|date=5 November 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090759/http://www.cameroonvoice.com/news/article-news-20988.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2013, Enganamouit kwupụtara na ọ gafere na bọọlụ Sweden, ya na ndị otu Damallsvenskan Eskilstuna United.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://damfotboll.com/nyheter/2013/12/eskilstuna-united-forstarker-fran-kamerun|title=Eskilstuna United förstärker från Kamerun|publisher=Damfotboll.com|date=12 December 2013|accessdate=12 December 2013|language=sv|archivedate=18 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218190832/http://damfotboll.com/nyheter/2013/12/eskilstuna-united-forstarker-fran-kamerun}}</ref> Ndị mmeri League FC Rosengård bịanyere aka na Enganamouit na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Nọvemba na afọ 2015, dịka onye nọchiri Anja Mittag. Enganamouit bụ onye kachasị gbaa goolu na Damallsvenskan na 2015 na goolu iri na asatọ ka Eskilstuna mechara nke abụọ mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe ịma aka na-agaghị ekwe omume.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Richardson|first=Wiktor|title=Gaelle Enganamouit klar för Rosengård|url=http://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/sport/gaelle-enganamouit-klar-for-rosengard/|accessdate=30 December 2015|publisher=[[Expressen]]|date=4 November 2015|language=sv}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka onye na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ BBC na mbido afọ 2016, n'akụkụ Amandine Henry, Kim Little, Carli Lloyd na Becky Sauerbrunn.<ref name="oftheyear" />{{Cite news|title=BBC Women's Footballer of the Year: Five vie for award|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36102460|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=24 April 2016}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36102460 "BBC Women's Footballer of the Year: Five vie for award"]. </cite></ref> N'ụbọchị mmeghe nke oge ahụ, Enganamouit nwere mmerụ ahụ n'ihu nke a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-ewepụ ya maka mkpọsa afọ 2016 dum.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Brattgård|first=Louv|title=Tuff smäll för Rosengård: Enganamouit korsbandsskadad|url=http://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/enganamouit/|accessdate=24 August 2016|publisher=[[Sveriges Television]]|date=18 April 2016|language=sv}}</ref> Na 11 Febụwarị na afọ 2017, Dalian Quanjian F.C. bịanyere aka na Enganamouit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404073755101021908|work=sina weibo|publisher=Dalian Quanjian Official Weibo|accessdate=11 February 2017|date=10 February 2017|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Los grandes fichajes llegan a la liga femenina|url=https://es.superligachina.com/grandes-fichajes-llegan-liga-femenina-5573|publisher=superliga china|accessdate=11 February 2017|date=11 February 2017|language=es|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212091230/https://es.superligachina.com/grandes-fichajes-llegan-liga-femenina-5573|archivedate=12 February 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu mba Cameroon ma gbaa bọọlụ na afọ 2012 Summer Olympics . Ọ pụtara n'egwuregwu ọ bụla dị ka onye nnọchi anya; Cameroon meriri egwuregwu ọ bụla.<ref name="oftheyear">{{Cite news|title=BBC Women's Footballer of the Year: Five vie for award|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36102460|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=24 April 2016}}</ref> Na afọ 2015 Women's World Cup na Canada, o nyere hat-trick na mmeri Cameroon meriri Ecuador. N'oge egwuregwu iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2015 megide ndị na-agbachitere ndị mmeri Japan, ọgba aghara ya na ụdị dị ike mere ka ndị na-akwado Canada mara ya dị ka "Freight Train".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Enganamoiut, Shooting Queen In Golden Boots|url=http://fecafoot-officiel.com/?p=4972|accessdate=30 December 2015|publisher=[[Cameroonian Football Federation]]|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914224549/http://fecafoot-officiel.com/?p=4972|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na abalị iteolu na onwa nke isii, na afọ 2020, Gaëlle Enganamouit kwupụtara njedebe nke ọrụ ya. == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === * Njikọ Damallsvenskan: Onye nke abụọ na afọ 2015 === Onye ọ bụla === * Onye kacha gbaa goolu na Damallsvenskan: 2015 * Onye na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nke Afọ: 2015 * IFFHS CAF Women Team nke Afọ Iri 2011 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925|title=IFFHS WOMAN TEAM - CAF - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|work=IFFHS|date=28 January 2021|accessdate=22 June 2022|archivedate=2 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402080022/https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke FIFA Women's World Cup hat-tricks == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Gaëlle Enganamouit – FIFA competition record (archived) * Gaëlle Enganamouit at SvFF (in Swedish) (archived) * Gaëlle Enganamouit at Soccerway [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 72m0i20pmqmjo68kcd07cph6zvy9zgl 0 17312 727765 674593 2026-09-25T00:45:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Henry (Hennie) Bosman bụ onye nkuzi karate nke [[South Africa]], onye mmeri karate n'uwa gbaa gburugburu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ese ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kwunion.com/news/kyokushin-kan-new-8th-dans/#more-11550|title=Kyokushin-kan: New 8th Dans|publisher=KWU|accessdate=25 June 2018|date=28 November 2017|author=KWUnion}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-10-30-smit-europe-tour-can-set-tone-for-lions-series|title=Smit: Europe tour can set tone for Lions series|publisher=Mail and Guardian|accessdate=17 June 2018|date=30 October 2008|author=Gibbs,H.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plainsman.co.za/sport/sensei-off-to-boot-camp-in-japan-5120188|title=Sensei off to boot camp in Japan|publisher=Plainsman Newspaper|date=20 April 2016|author=Bergemann,K.|accessdate=16 June 2018|archivedate=5 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805052635/https://www.plainsman.co.za/sport/sensei-off-to-boot-camp-in-japan-5120188}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200603060930.html|title=Congo-Kinshasa: Karaté : le champion du monde Hennie Bosman pour la relance du karaté en RDC (translated : Congo-Kinshasa: Karate: the world champion Hennie Bosman for the revival of karate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo)|date=6 March 2006|author=Tshibuabua,E|publisher=Le Potentiel|accessdate=6 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-278551827.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802162810/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-278551827.html|archivedate=2 August 2018|title=Hard Man of Club Security Resurfaces in New Guise|publisher=Cape Times (South Africa)|date=30 January 2012|accessdate=6 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://westernsallitaliana.blogspot.com/2015/06/who-are-those-guys-henie-bosman.html|title=Who Are Those Guys? - Henie Bosman|accessdate=6 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/tygerburger/docs/tygerburgertd_20150204dville|title=Bosman has 50 year karate bash, page31|publisher=Tygerburger Durbanville|date=4 February 2015|accessdate=6 June 2018|author=Schoeman,S}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kyokushinkan.org/en/?page_id=2063|title="Karate Training Begins at 50"|publisher=Kyokushin-kan international Honbu|accessdate=6 June 2018|archivedate=19 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519153701/http://www.kyokushinkan.org/en/?page_id=2063}}</ref> A na-akpọ ya Henie Bosman mgbe ụfọdụ. O nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ karate na Bellville, Western Cape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manythingsiam.org/karate-love/|title=Karate love|accessdate=16 June 2018|archivedate=12 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912165804/https://www.manythingsiam.org/karate-love/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/Peoples-Post/its-crunch-time-for-western-province-karateka-juniors-its-crunch-time-for-western-province-karateka-juniors-its-crunch-time-for-local-karateka-juniors-its-crunch-time-for-local-karateka-juniors-20160711|title=Crunch time for Western Province Juniors|author=Schoeman, S.|publisher=People’s Post News Paper|date=12 July 2016|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref> == Mgbọrọgwụ == A mụrụ Bosman na 24 Mee 1956 na Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://capeartists.co.za/find_actors_profile.php?ActorId=292&agePost=all&ActorId_max=137&ActorId_min=204&thisone=33&startAt=0|title=Hennie Bosman|accessdate=4 June 2018|archivedate=2 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802102109/http://capeartists.co.za/find_actors_profile.php?ActorId=292&agePost=all&ActorId_max=137&ActorId_min=204&thisone=33&startAt=0}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bellville High School. == Ọrụ karate == Ọ malitere ọzụzụ karate na 1965 mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu. Ọ bụ onye mmeri mba na Kata na Kumite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kyokushinkan.eu/event/2007world2/|title=5th all japan open|accessdate=16 June 2018|archivedate=18 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918195104/http://www.kyokushinkan.eu/event/2007world2/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye mmeri Karate nke ụwa n'afọ 2001. E mere nke ahụ na Osaka, [[Japan]]. Ruo ogologo oge ọ bụ Dan nke asaa; a na-akpọ Shihan (七段). Ọ nọ ugbu a n'ọkwa nke 8th Dan; a na-akpọ ya Hachidan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/ZA/Tygerburger/Sport/hennie-makes-history-20171219-2|title=Hennie makes history|author=Schoeman,S.|date=29 December 2017|accessdate=4 June 2018}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Kyokushin Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kyokushinsa.co.za/about-hennie/|title=About Hennie Bosman|accessdate=4 June 2018|archivedate=2 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802101850/http://www.kyokushinsa.co.za/about-hennie/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xn--bog-2na.eu/Nyhed.aspx?NID=63|title=(Danish)Shihan Hennie Bosman 7. Dan kommer til Bogø (Translated: Shihan Hennie Bosman 7th Dan comes to Bogø|publisher=Alt om Den Lysegrønne (translated: The green light is important)|date=9 September 2013|author=Storm,E.|accessdate=13 July 2018|archivedate=2 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802131914/http://xn--bog-2na.eu/Nyhed.aspx?NID=63}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Nna Bosmanz bụ onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na nne ya bụ onye na'egwuregwu discus. Tupu ọ mee karate na ntụziaka ya ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ọ bụ onye nchọpụta nke otu ndị uwe ojii South Africa. Ọ lụrụ Hayley Ruth Williams ma nwee ụmụ abụọ. O sonyere n'ịhazi nzukọ ndị omeiwu n'etiti Russia na [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/tygerburger/docs/tygerburger_durbanville_4_sept_2013/4|title=Hennie Bosman Statesman, Page4|date=4 September 2013|author=Schoeman,S.|accessdate=25 June 2018|publisher=Tygerburger Newspaper|archivedate=25 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625025232/https://issuu.com/tygerburger/docs/tygerburger_durbanville_4_sept_2013/4}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ọkwọ ụgbọala na-agba ọsọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/motoring/motorsport/born-again-vette-racer-gets-600kw-v8-1874659|title=Born-again Vette racer gets 600kW V8 Motorsport /|date=22 June 2015|author=du Plessis,H.|accessdate=4 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-270936539.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802164457/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-270936539.html|archivedate=2 August 2018|title=Drama, Action Aplenty at Killarney|publisher=Cape Times (South Africa)|date=27 October 2011|accessdate=6 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wheels24.co.za/Motorsport/Killarneys-classic-car-battle-20111025|title=Killarney's classic car battle, veterans returned|publisher=Wheels24|date=26 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://48hours.co.za/2015/10/23/extreme-festival-racing-returns-to-killarney/|title=Extreme Festival Racing returns to Killarney|accessdate=17 June 2018|publisher=The next 24 hours|date=23 October 2015}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Mpụta Stuntman === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:" ! colspan="4" |Mpụta Stuntman<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://purschartistes.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Hennie-Bosman-CV.pdf|title=Hennie Bosman|accessdate=4 June 2018|archive-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802113515/http://purschartistes.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Hennie-Bosman-CV.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/movies/invictus/cast/299491/|title=Invictus, under Clint Eastwood|accessdate=16 June 2018|archive-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802132029/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/invictus/cast/299491/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/karate-ace-is-good-at-playing-bad-guys-239407|title=Karate ace is good at playing 'bad guys'|author=de Kock,C.|publisher=IOL|date=22 April 2005|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bc0ad6bdd|title=Hennie Bosman|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/name/1587022/|title=Hennie Bosman|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aveleyman.com/FilmCredit.aspx?FilmID=32236|title=Brothers Grimsby|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/stunt-performers-set-stage-alight-for-charity-207391|title=Stunt performers set stage alight for charity|publisher=IOL|date=1 March 2004|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref> |- ! style="white-space: nowrap;" |Afọ !Aha ya !Aha e nyere ya |- |2004 |''Mbilite n'Ọnwụ'' |Henry Bosman |- |2005 |''Onye Na-agba Aka'' |Henie Bosman |- |2006 |''Onye Mmegwara'' |Henie Bosman |- |2008 |''Akụkọ ifo nke Drona'' |Henie Bosman |- |2012 |''Ndị na-agagharị n'okporo ámá'' |Ihe abụọ a na-eme |} === Ọdịdị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:" ! colspan="4" |Egwuregwu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kinocheck.de/film/5ra/zulu-2013|title=Zulu|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/cape-times/20120330/282196532919061|title=Cool suave calculating agent|publisher=Cape Times News Paper|date=30 March 2012|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinemagazine.nl/death-race-2-2010-recensie/|title=Death Race 2|publisher=Cine Magazine|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodmoviejerseys.com/invictus.html|title=Invictus|accessdate=17 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bc0ad6bdd|title=Hennie Bosman|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/name/1587022/#!/genre/3/|title=Хени Босман|publisher=KnHonoHCK|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.minstrelofhorror.com/|title=Minstrel of Horror (Lost Boys –The thirst (2010))|accessdate=10 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aveleyman.com/FilmCredit.aspx?FilmID=32236|title=Brothers Grimsby|accessdate=10 July 2018|archivedate=2 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802102003/https://www.aveleyman.com/FilmCredit.aspx?FilmID=32236}}</ref> |- ! style="white-space: nowrap;" |Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |1987 |''Onye lanarịrị'' |Onye Nchịkwa | |- |2008 |''Ụbọchị Ikpeazụ'' |Telamon (Onye Gladiator) | |- |2009 |''Invictus'' |Onye nkuzi Rugby | |- |2010 |''Ụmụ nwoke furu efu: Ndị akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ'' |Okik OʹDale (onye na-agba ọbara) | |- |2010 |''Agbụrụ Ọnwụ 2'' |Xander Grady | |- |2012 |''Onye Ọrụ Vinot'' |Onye ọchụnta ego | |- |2013 |''Zulu'' |Isi a kpụrụ akpụ | |- |2015 |''Onye Na-egbu Shark'' |Clambone | |- |2015 |''Ọganihu'' |Nwoke buru ibu | |- |2016 |''Grimsby'' |Joris Henchman | |- |2018 |''Samsin'' |Golian | |} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4opzqpsq429hhmx6br2771tsek8ofsf 0 17466 727707 130093 2026-09-24T19:19:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Album ratings|rev1=''[[Cult MTL]]''|rev1score={{rating|3.5|10}}<ref name="Cult MTL">{{cite web |author=Mr. Wavvy |url=http://cultmontreal.com/2017/10/wyclef-jean-carnival-iii/ |title=REVIEW: Wyclef Jean's 'Carnival III: The Fall and Rise of a Refugee' |publisher=Cult MTL |date=October 25, 2017 |accessdate=October 28, 2017 |archivedate=October 26, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026000048/http://cultmontreal.com/2017/10/wyclef-jean-carnival-iii/ }}</ref>|rev2=''[[Exclaim!]]''|rev2score={{rating|6|10}}<ref name="Exclaim!">{{cite web|last=Patrick |first=Ryan |url=http://exclaim.ca/music/article/wyclef_jean-carnival_iii_the_fall_and_rise_of_a_refugee |title=Wyclef Jean Carnival III: The Fall and Rise of a Refugee |work=Exclaim! |date=September 13, 2017 |accessdate=October 28, 2017}}</ref>|rev3=''Pop Magazine''|rev3Score={{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="Pop Magazine">{{cite web|url=http://pop-mag.com/2017-09-19/review-wyclef-jean-carnival-3-the-fall-and-rise-of-a-refugee/|title=Review: Wyclef Jean – Carnival 3: The Fall And Rise Of A Refugee|work=Pop Magazine|last=Perkins|first=Mai|date=September 19, 2017|accessdate=December 7, 2019}}</ref>}}'''''Carnival''''' III: The Fall and Rise of a Refugee bụ nke asatọ studio-album nke onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu na onye rapper Wyclef Jean. A wepụrụtara ya na Septemba 15, n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/carnival-iii-the-fall-and-rise-of-a-refugee/id1249444526?app=itunes&ign-mpt=uo=4|title="Carnival III: The Fall and Rise of a Refugee" by Wyclef Jean on iTunes|work=iTunes|accessdate=June 22, 2017|archive-date=November 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127073224/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/carnival-iii-the-fall-and-rise-of-a-refugee/id1249444526?app=itunes&ign-mpt=uo=4|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na June 22, n'afọ 2017, Jean wepụtara egwu mbụ site na abọm ahụ, nke akpọrọ "Fela Kuti", tinyere egwu ọzọ, nke akpụrụ "What Happened to Love".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2017/06/wyclef-jean-fela-kuti-song-carnival-3-album-release-date/|title=Wyclef Jean Releases 'Fela Kuti,' Announces 'Carnival III' Release Date - XXL|work=XXL Mag|accessdate=June 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKgJb0sLELw|title=Wyclef Jean - What Happened to Love (Audio) ft. Lunch Money Lewis|work=YouTube|accessdate=June 22, 2017}}</ref> Na Julaị 14, n'afọ 2017, Wyclef wepụtara "Fela Kuti" vidiyo abụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=WyclefVEVO|title=Wyclef Jean - Fela Kuti (Lyric Video)|date=July 14, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axlwCBIHnos|accessdate=July 20, 2017}}</ref> Mai Perkins nke Pop ''Magazine'' dere na nyocha dị mma, "Carnival 3 ziri ezi n'oge. Edere egwu Wyclefī na-eto eto na ike na ntachi obi. Abọm ahụ bụ ọrụ dị mkpirikpi nke nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ na otuto nye ndị dị ka Fela Kuti yana akara nke hip-hop. " Maazị Wavvy nke Cult MTL nyere nkatọ na-adịghị mma, na-akọwa abọm ahụ dị ka "ihe dị ọnụ ala nke nostalgia cash-in". Na Disemba 25, n'afọ 2017, Jean kwupụtara The Carnival Tour na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BdIyqeLhoXp/|title=Instagram post by Wyclef Jean • Dec 25, 2017 at 7:43pm UTC|work=Instagram|accessdate=January 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BdIiC-WBisf/|title=Instagram post by Wyclef Jean • Dec 25, 2017 at 5:18pm UTC|work=Instagram|accessdate=January 7, 2018}}</ref> Ọ malitere na Febụwarị 9, n'afọ 2018, wee gwụ na Ọktoba 26, n'afọ 2018, mgbe mememe iri ise na isee gosipụtara. [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] r0gbklneho1evunqtvcki1hg4bgiq41 0 17518 727857 674879 2026-09-25T07:36:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jedidah C. Isler bụ [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|onye American]] astrophysicist, onye nkụzi, na onye na-akwado ịdị iche iche na [[STIM|STEM]]. Ọ ghọrọ nwanyị Africa America mbụ mezue PhD ya na astrophysics na Yale na 2014.<ref name=":1" /> Ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nke Astrophysics na Dartmouth College ugbu a.<ref name="physics.dartmouth.edu2">{{Cite web|title=Jedidah C. Isler {{!}} Department of Physics and Astronomy|url=https://physics.dartmouth.edu/people/jedidah-c-isler|accessdate=2019-02-23|work=physics.dartmouth.edu|archivedate=2020-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608041214/https://physics.dartmouth.edu/people/jedidah-c-isler}}</ref> Nnyocha ya na-enyocha physics nké blazars (oghere ojii na-arụ ọrụ) ma na-enyochaa iyi jet na-esi na ha apụta.<ref name="cutting">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-astrophysicist-at-the-cutting-edge-of-black-holes/71552|title=The Astrophysicist at the Cutting Edge of Black Holes|author=Mayol|first=Taylor|accessdate=2016-10-03|date=2016-09-09|archivedate=2016-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003111157/http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-astrophysicist-at-the-cutting-edge-of-black-holes/71552}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/31302/20151018/jedidah-isler-first-african-american-woman-to-receive-a-yale-phd-in-astrophysics.htm|title=Jedidah Isler First African-American Woman To Receive A Yale PhD In Astrophysics|work=Science World Report|date=2015-10-18|accessdate=2016-10-03}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2020, a kpọrọ Isler ónyé otu Joe Biden's presidential transition Agency Review Team iji kwado mbọ mgbanwe metụtara National Aeronautics and Space Administration.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agency Review Teams|url=https://buildbackbetter.com/the-transition/agency-review-teams/|work=President-Elect Joe Biden|accessdate=10 November 2020|archivedate=28 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828180800/https://www.whitehouse.gov/}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A zụlitere Isler na Niagara Falls, [[Nú Yọk|New York]] ma mesịa Virginia Beach, [[Végíníyà|Virginia]].<ref name="rising22">{{Cite web|author=Cook Jenkins|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-05-09|title=Rising Star|url=http://stories.vanderbilt.edu/rising-star|accessdate=2017-11-02|work=vanderbilt.edu|publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]]|archivedate=2017-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014545/http://stories.vanderbilt.edu/rising-star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=poc2|first=Author|date=2019-01-31|title=Dr. Jedidah Isler – Astrophysicist|url=https://poc2.co.uk/2019/01/31/dr-jedidah-isler-astrophysicist/|accessdate=2020-09-13|work=POC Squared|language=en|archivedate=2023-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029184651/https://poc2.co.uk/2019/01/31/dr-jedidah-isler-astrophysicist/}}</ref> Mmasị ya na nkà mmụta mbara igwe malitere mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na otu ma ọ bụ iri na abụọ.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|title=Getting to Know: Astrophysicist Jedidah Isler|url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2014/03/25/getting-to-know-astrophysicist-jedidah-isler-74966/|accessdate=2020-09-13|work=SU News|language=en-US}}</ref> N'iji onyokomita nke nwanne ya nwanyị nyèrè ya màkà ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya, ọ malitere ile kpakpando anya ma na-amụsi ọrụ ike maka ọrụ ọkachamara na sayensị.<ref name=":62" /><ref name="long2">{{Cite web|date=2015-09-25|title=Meet Dr Jedidah Isler: The First Black Woman to Graduate from Yale with a PhD in Astrophysics|url=http://blackgirllonghair.com/2015/09/meet-dr-jedidah-isler-the-first-black-woman-to-graduate-from-yale-with-a-phd-in-astrophysics/|accessdate=2016-10-03|language=en-US|archivedate=2016-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906220332/http://blackgirllonghair.com/2015/09/meet-dr-jedidah-isler-the-first-black-woman-to-graduate-from-yale-with-a-phd-in-astrophysics/}}</ref> Obéré ógè tupu ọ gaa kọleji, nna Isler hapụrụ ezinụlọ ahụ na-akpata nsogbụ ego nke yiri egwu belata agụmakwụkwọ ya.<ref name="cutting2">{{Cite web|author=Mayol|first=Taylor|date=2016-09-09|title=The Astrophysicist at the Cutting Edge of Black Holes|url=http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-astrophysicist-at-the-cutting-edge-of-black-holes/71552|accessdate=2016-10-03|archivedate=2016-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003111157/http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-astrophysicist-at-the-cutting-edge-of-black-holes/71552}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == [[Usòrò:White_House_Astronomy_Night_on_October_19,_2015.jpg|thumb|Jedidah Isler na abalị nke abụọ nke White House Astronomy na ndị ọbịa Mythbusters Adam Savage na Jamie Hyneman, na onye nchịkwa NASA Charles Bolden na Mọnde, Ọktoba 19, 2015. ]] Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị PhD ya, Isler gàrà n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta ya site na ọtụtụ nhọpụta nyocha postdoctoral. Site na 2013 ruo 2015, o nwèrè afọ abụọ nke Chancellor's Faculty Fellowship na Mahadum Syracuse.<ref name="rising22"/> N'afọ 2014, e nyere Isler onyinye Future Faculty Leaders Postdoctoral Fellowship na Harvard São Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jedidah Isler, Ph.D. {{!}} Brief CV|url=http://jedidahislerphd.com/brief-cv/|accessdate=2019-02-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbè nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ meriri na 2015 National Science Foundation Astronomy & Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship na-akwado nyocha ya na Ngalaba Physics na Astronomy na Mahadum Vanderbilt.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-09|title=Rising Star|url=http://stories.vanderbilt.edu/rising-star|accessdate=2019-02-23|work=Atavist|language=en|archivedate=2017-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014545/http://stories.vanderbilt.edu/rising-star}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, e nyere Isler onyinye TED Fellowship.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|date=2014-12-17|title=Meet the 2015 class of TED Fellows and Senior Fellows|url=https://blog.ted.com/meet-the-new-class-of-2015-ted-fellows-and-senior-fellows/|accessdate=2019-02-23|work=TED Blog|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ ónyé 2016 National Geographic Emerging Explorer, na 2017 ọ ghọrọ ónyé TED Senior Fellow.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|author=Society|first=National Geographic|title=Learn more about Jedidah Isler|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/find-explorers/jedidah-cherie-isler|accessdate=2019-02-23|work=www.nationalgeographic.org|language=en|archivedate=2019-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224173511/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/find-explorers/jedidah-cherie-isler}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web|date=2017-01-10|title=Meet the 2017 class of TED Fellows and Senior Fellows|url=https://blog.ted.com/meet-the-2017-class-of-ted-fellows-and-senior-fellows/|accessdate=2019-02-23|work=TED Blog|language=en}}</ref> == Nkwado na nkwurịta okwu STEM == N'afọ 2015, Isler guzobere Vanguard: Conversations with Women of Color na STEM (VanguardSTEM) dị ka mbinye ákà nkè STEM en Route to Change Foundation (SeRCH Foundation, Inc). VanguardSTEM bụ usoro weebụ nke gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ nke Isler kwadoro ma gosipụta ụmụ nwanyị na-acha uhie uhie na STEM, na-atụle ọrụ na omenala agụmakwụkwọ na nke ọkachamara yana ihe omume ndị dị ugbu a. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gosipụtara gụnyere Brittany Kamai, DeAndrea Salvador, na Naia Butler-Craig.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VanguardSTEM|url=https://medium.com/@VanguardSTEM|accessdate=2020-12-12|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> Ebumnuche webinar a kọwara bụ "ịmepụta mkparịta ụka n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na-acha uhie uhie na STEM, ebe anyị nwèrè ike ime emume na-akwado njirimara anyị na mmasị STEM n'ebe dị nchebe".<ref name="vanguardSTEM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardstem.com/about|title=About Us|work=VanguardSTEM|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-23}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ na onyinye == * Onye isi TED Fellow, 2017<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2017-01-10|title=Meet the 2017 class of TED Fellows and Senior Fellows|url=https://blog.ted.com/meet-the-2017-class-of-ted-fellows-and-senior-fellows/|accessdate=2019-02-23|work=TED Blog|language=en}}</ref> * Mgbọrọgwụ 100 Ndị Africa America kachasị nwee mmetụta, 2016<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-27|title=The Root 100 – 2016|url=https://onehundred.theroot.com/facewall/the-root-100-2016/|accessdate=2020-07-12|work=The Root|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103232130/https://onehundred.theroot.com/facewall/the-root-100-2016/}}</ref> * National Geographic Emerging Explorer, 2016<ref name=":42"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-23|title=Four TED Fellows named 2016 National Geographic Emerging Explorers|url=https://blog.ted.com/four-ted-fellows-named-2016-national-geographic-emerging-explorers/|accessdate=2020-07-12|work=TED Blog|language=en}}</ref> * Kavli Fellow Frontiers of Science Symposium, November 2015<ref>{{Cite web|title=2015 Kavli Fellows - News Release|url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/kavli-frontiers-of-science/news/2015-kavli-fellows.html|accessdate=2020-09-13|work=www.nasonline.org|archive-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105045139/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/kavli-frontiers-of-science/news/2015-kavli-fellows.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Nchịkọta na Onye Nlekọta TED Conference, Febụwarị 2016 * Onye na-elekọta TED@IBM, Ọktoba 2015 * TED Fellow, 2015<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2014-12-17|title=Meet the 2015 class of TED Fellows and Senior Fellows|url=https://blog.ted.com/meet-the-new-class-of-2015-ted-fellows-and-senior-fellows/|accessdate=2019-02-23|work=TED Blog|language=en}}</ref> * American Astronomical Society Roger Doxsey Dissertation Prize, Jenụwarị 2014 * Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowship, August 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ford Foundation Fellowships Scholar Award List 2012|url=http://nrc58.nas.edu/FordFellows20/ExtRpts/PressReleaseRoster.aspx?RptMode=AW&CompYr=2012&Layout=wwwLibs%2fUtil_Web%2fPageLayouts%2fApplPrintLayout|work=National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine|accessdate=10 December 2020|archivedate=22 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922111523/http://nrc58.nas.edu/FordFellows20/ExtRpts/PressReleaseRoster.aspx?RptMode=AW&CompYr=2012&Layout=wwwLibs%2FUtil_Web%2FPageLayouts%2FApplPrintLayout}}</ref> * Edward Bouchet Graduate Honor Society, March 2012 * National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, June 2007<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program Award Recipients, 2007 - Data.gov|url=https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/nsf-graduate-research-fellowship-program-award-recipients-2007|work=catalog.data.gov|accessdate=10 December 2020|archivedate=30 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030212614/http://catalog.data.gov/dataset/nsf-graduate-research-fellowship-program-award-recipients-2007}}</ref> * NASA-Harriett G. Jenkins Pre-Doctoral Fellowship, June 2007 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.jedidahislerphd.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] * Jedidah Isler at TED ** [https://www.ted.com/talks/jedidah_isler_how_i_fell_in_love_with_quasars_blazars_and_our_incredible_universe "How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe" (TED2015)] ** [https://www.ted.com/talks/jedidah_isler_the_untapped_genius_that_could_change_science_for_the_better "Onye ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ nke nwere ike ịgbanwe sayensị ka mma" (TED2015)] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9vrhsik95kir05bzmfl00pvmonzn8tx 0 17754 727897 182867 2026-09-25T10:36:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Juan Logan''' (amụrụ n'August 16, 1946) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe si Nashville, [[Tennessee]].<ref name="Honaker">{{Cite web|author=Honaker|first=Andrea|title=Juan Logan: Artist returns to hometown of Belmont while his work enjoys distant acclaim|url=http://www.gastongazette.com/article/20131206/Lifestyle/312069886|work=Gaston Gazette|publisher=Gatehouse Media LLC|accessdate=5 February 2016}}</ref> Ihe osise ya, ihe ọkpụkpụ ya, na ihe owuwu ya na-egosipụta ahụmịhe ya banyéré agbụrụ na usoro ike nke ụlọ ọrụ na South ma mee ka ndị na-ekiri ya tụlee ọrụ ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tori|first=Bush|title=Juan Logan|url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/juan-logan/|work=Art in America|publisher=Art in America|accessdate=5 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Juan Logan - Artworks, Bio & Shows on Artsy|url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/juan-logan|work=www.artsy.net|accessdate=2016-02-13}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Juan Logan na Nashville, [[Tennessee]], n'aka John Louie Logan, onye ụkọchukwu na ónyé guzobere John Calvin Presbyterian Church, na Madge Sarah Jane Grier, Ónyé nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History: St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church|url=http://www.standrewspres.net/history.php|work=St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church|publisher=St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church|accessdate=5 February 2016}}</ref> Mgbè nna ya dara ọrịa, ezinụlọ ahụ si Nashville kwaga n'obodo nna ya na Marion, North Carolina na 1949. John Louie Logan nwụrụ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ. Madge Grier lụrụ di ọzọ na 1950, afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara ebe a mụrụ ya, Belmont, North Carolina. Juan na ezinụlọ ya kwagara n'ụlọ ọhụrụ nke nna nna ya James W.W. Grier na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ wuru.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Juan Logan, Caught Off Guard: Selected Works from 1965-2005|author=Williams|first=Lyneise|publisher=Kennesaw State University|year=2006|isbn=0-9777179-1-7|location=Kenessaw, GA|pages=8}}</ref> Mmasị Logan nwèrè na nka malitere na 1960 mgbe ọ na-aga Reid High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ndị isi ojii na Belmont n'oge ahụ.<ref name="Hodge">{{Cite web|author=Hodge|first=Alan|title=Remembering Reid High School|url=http://banner-news.com/remembering-reid-high-school-p302-71.htm|work=Belmont Banner News|publisher=Community First Media|accessdate=5 February 2016|archivedate=19 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319213545/http://banner-news.com/remembering-reid-high-school-p302-71.htm}}</ref> === Agụmakwụkwọ === Ịzụlite n'ime ọbọdọ ndị ọrụ ugbo ojii dị oke mkpa màkà ikike Logan nwéré ịhụ ma mepụta "ihe". Usoro nke ime ihe dị ezigbo mkpa nye nna nna ya, yana nna nna ya James William Washington Grier. Ezinụlọ ahụ ji obi ụtọ chọta ihe ngwọta ọhụrụ màkà ịmepụta ihe kama ịzụta ha, ma mesie ike mkpa ọ dị afọ ojuju.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Juan Logan, Caught Off Guard: Selected Works from 1965-2005|author=Williams|first=Lyneise|publisher=Kennesaw State University|year=2006|isbn=0-9777179-1-7|location=Kennesaw, GA|pages=10}}</ref> Logan natara MFA ya na 1998 site na Maryland Institute College of Art, Mount Royal School na Baltimore, ebe ihe ọmụmụ ya lekwasịrị ányá bụ eserese na ihe osise mgbasa ozi.<ref name="mica">{{Cite web|title=The Narcissism of Minor Differences|url=https://www.mica.edu/Browse_Art/Narcissism.html|work=MICA|publisher=Maryland Institute College of Art|accessdate=5 February 2016|archivedate=6 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206103709/https://www.mica.edu/Browse_Art/Narcissism.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta ọrụ nke ya, Logan bụ ónyé njikwa nchekwa na Vollis Simpson Whirligig Project, ebe ọ na-eweghachi ihe osise 31 bụrụ ibu nkè ónyé na-ese ihe Vollis Simpson mepụtara maka ọbọdọ Wilson, North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wilson Whirligig Park {{!}} Vollis Simpson {{!}} Wilson NC|url=https://www.arts.gov/exploring-our-town/sites/arts.gov.exploring-our-town/files/MyWilsonExperience2015.pdf|work=www.arts.gov|accessdate=2016-02-05|archivedate=2016-02-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206092953/https://www.arts.gov/exploring-our-town/sites/arts.gov.exploring-our-town/files/MyWilsonExperience2015.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụ prọfesọ lara ezumike nká nke nka studio na Mahadum nke North Carolina Chapel Hill . Ọrụ Logan pụtara na ngosi REMIX na Columbia Museum of Art na 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Petty|first=Kelly|title=African-American artists ‘REMIX’ culture, identity in new exhibit|url=http://coladaily.com/2016/02/07/103323/|work=Cola Daily|publisher=Cola Daily|accessdate=26 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215190348/http://coladaily.com/2016/02/07/103323/|archive-date=15 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Logan bi na Belmont, [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]] ugbu a.<ref name="Honaker"/> Ọ lụrụ onye nlekọta Jonell Logan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.curatorlove.com/remix/2015/juanlogan|title=Touched by history; my afternoon with Juan Logan.|work=CuratorLove|accessdate=2016-04-13|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070441/http://www.curatorlove.com/remix/2015/juanlogan}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.juanlogan.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 99aqqyoxsan1ti8yiqg3nt2j6ox4wm6 0 18023 727839 91495 2026-09-25T05:56:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:JEREMY_HAWKINS_(14597442851).jpg|thumb|JEREMY HAWKINS (14597442851)]] '''Jeremy Hawkins''' (amụrụ n'August 8, 1991) nke a maara dị ka JHawk ma ọ bụ '''JHawb''' Productions, bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, ónyé na-ede egwu, na ónyé na-eme '''ihe nkiri''' si Los Angeles, [[California]]. A maara ya màkà ịbụ Onye ọsụ ụzọ nke Jerkin 'Movement, na-enweta ọtụtụ iri nde echiche na iyi, na-enye aka nke ukwuu na ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na Los Angeles.<ref>[http://www.laweekly.com/music/were-jerkin-starring-the-new-boyz-j-hawk-and-pink-dollaz-2160955 ''LA Weekly'', WE'RE JERKIN' (STARRING THE NEW BOYZ, J-HAWK AND PINK DOLLAZ), WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 5, 2009]</ref> Hawkins bụ ónyé a maara nke ọma maka ịmepụta egwu Rej3ctz "Cat Daddy" na 2011 nke ruru Number 77 na Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs ma nweta asambodo Platinum n'onwe ya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/364837/rej3ctz/chart |title=''Billboard'', Rej3ctz |access-date=2022-07-04 |archive-date=2015-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805135322/http://www.billboard.com/artist/364837/rej3ctz/chart |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == JHawk tolitere n'ogige ntụrụndụ nke Los Angeles, Leimert Park. Ma nne na nna bụ ndị na-agụ egwú, nne bụ ónyé na-agụ egwu n'ógbè ahụ na nna bụ onye na'ọtụtụ ngwá egwú. Ọ bụkwa nwa nwanne nna nke The Chambers Brothers, (Time Has Come Today), na-ahụkarị ndị otu ahụ na-emegharị ma na-eme ihe ngosi màkà nne nne ha.<ref>[http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=9519 ''SongFacts'', Time has Come Today, January 12, 1969]</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ natara ngwanrọ mbụ ya nke na-eme ka egwu Hip Hop EJay site n'aka nna ya, ọ malitere ịkụ egwu mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na otu ma chọọ ịghọ onye na-emepụta egwu. N'ikwu okwu na Killerhiphop's Quez, "E wepụtara abụ mbụ m na ịntanetị mgbe m dị ihe dị ka 15-16, m na-esikwa m ike kemgbe ahụ".<ref>[http://www.killerhiphop.com/killerhiphop-exclusive-jhawk-interview/ ''Killerhiphop Jhawk Interview'', May 21, 2012]</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sxl6uvqxz7xdwaifnwjeu0nw9yzqw3t 0 18033 727904 588677 2026-09-25T11:10:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox musical artist|name=K.E. on the Track|alias=K.E.|image=|caption=|birth_name=Kevin Erondu|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Tampa, Florida]], U.S.|origin=[[Valdosta, Georgia]], U.S.|genre=[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|occupation=Record producer|years_active=2008–present|label=Beat Mechanics Entertainment LLC|associated_acts=[[Future (rapper)|Future]], [[Rick Ross]], [[Roscoe Dash]]|website=}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] '''Kevin Erondu''', ónyé a maara nke ọma dị ka K.E. on the Track, bụ ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ America. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Kevin Erondu nà Tampa, Florida.<ref name="ascap" /> Ọ malitere na Valdosta, Georgia. == Ọrụ == Ọganihu K.E. bịara na 2009, mgbè o mepụtara otu "Swag Surfin" site n'aka otu rap Fast Life Yungstaz.<ref name="ascap">{{Cite web|title=K.E. on the Track explains to "On the Come Up" why he's the producer that you'll hear loud and clear|url=http://www.ascap.com/playback/2010/07/action/k_e.aspx|publisher=The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|accessdate=2013-02-05}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.ascap.com/playback/2010/07/action/k_e.aspx "K.E. on the Track explains to "On the Come Up" why he's the producer that you'll hear loud and clear"]. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> Egwú ahụ nwetara airplay ma depụta na No. 62 na <nowiki><i id="mwFg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Hot 100|date=26 November 2004|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/2009-06-13/the-hot-100|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=2013-02-05}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na abọm izizi nke ónyé na-eti egwu Roscoe Dash bụ Set Ready Go!, ébé o mepụtara 5 n'ime egwu 9, gụnyere egwu abụọ ahụ. "All the Way Turnt Up" e wepụtara na Jenụwarị 2010 wee rụo n'ọkwa nke 46 na ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roscoe Dash|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=roscoe dash|chart=Hot 100}}|publisher=Billboard.com|accessdate=2013-02-05}}</ref> Ọ mepụtara ọtụtụ remixes site n'aka ndị na-ese ihe dịka Ludacris, Fabolous na MGK. K.E. sokwa dee ma mepụta egwu nkè abụọ "Show Out", nke e wepụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'otu afọ ahụ. N'afọ 2011, o mepụtara egwu "You the Boss" nke Rick Ross na [[Nicki Minaj]], nke e wepụtara na mbụ dị ka egwu mbụ site na album studio nke ise nkè Ross God Forgives, I Don't.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KE On The Track – BLOG #1 feat RICK ROSS & NICKI MINAJ YOUR THE BOSS|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07QunpGt_K4|publisher=Perfect Timing Media via YouTube|accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, e wepụrụ egwu ahụ na ndepụta egwu ikpeazụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ruru na No. 62 na ''Billboard'' Hot 100. E debekwara ya na nọmba 33 na nọmba 37, n'otu n'otu, na chaatị ''Billboard'' Year-end màkà Hot Rap Songs na Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Year-End most popular R&B/Hip-Hop songs|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2012/hot-r-b-hip-hop-songs|publisher=Billboard.com|accessdate=2013-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109094407/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2012/hot-r-b-hip-hop-songs|archive-date=2015-11-09|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Year-End most popular rap songs|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2012/hot-rap-songs|publisher=Billboard.com|accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ofks70jaxzsuy026eck43ps2yanzpg0 0 18037 727907 721988 2026-09-25T11:33:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamau Kenyatta''' (amụrụ na June 27, 1955) bụ ónyé egwu America na-emeri Grammy-Award, ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, onye nhazi, onye na'ede ihe nkiri na onye nkuzi jazz.<ref name="CamMiller">{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Cam|title=Californian: Sax man or piano man? Kenyatta is both|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-californian-sax-man-or-piano-man-kenyatta-is-both-2009nov04-story.html|accessdate=August 17, 2017|date=November 4, 2009}}</ref> Ọ bụ ónyé nkuzi nke egwu na Mahadum California, San Diego (UCSD). E nyere ya Barbara J. na Paul D. Saltman Distinguished Teaching Award na UCSD na Mee 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/sd-et-kamau-0924-story.html|title=Grammy winners Kamau Kenyatta and Gregory Porter share tight musical bond|author=George|first=Varga|date=September 24, 2016|work=San Diego Union-Tribune|accessdate=July 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iajsd.org/kamau-kenyatta-receives-2nd-grammy/|title=Kamau Kenyatta receives 2nd Grammy!|author=Bush|first=Robert|date=February 23, 2017|work=International Academy of Jazz, San Diego (IAJSD)|accessdate=August 29, 2017|publisher=International Academy of Jazz, San Diego (IAJSD)}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Kenyatta na Detroit, Michigan.<ref name="CamMiller"/> N'afọ 2013, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na ónyé nhazi maka abọm izizi nke Gregory Porter's Blue Note Records, Liquid Spirit .<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://musicweb.ucsd.edu/media/news.php?query_status=&query_id=293|title=Kamau Kenyatta, Associate Producer of Grammy-winning Best Jazz Vocal Album|author=Roos|first=Meghan|date=January 29, 2014|work=UC San Diego's Department of Music|accessdate=August 30, 2017|publisher=UC San Diego; Division of Arts & Humanities|archive-date=May 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509120822/http://musicweb.ucsd.edu/media/news.php?query_status=&query_id=293|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndekọ ahụ meriri Grammy Award na Best Jazz Vocal Album category.<ref name=":1" /> Dị ka ónyé na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge na Gregory Porter, ọ mepụtara abọm Water, nke a họpụtara maka Best Jazz Vocal Album Grammy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/water-mw0001977303|title=Gregory Porter; Water|author=Nastos|first=Michael G.|date=November 1, 2010|work=AllMusic, member of the RhythmOne group|accessdate=August 30, 2017|publisher=AllMusic, member of the RhythmOne group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gregory Porter|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/gregory-porter|publisher=Grammy.com|accessdate=August 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818105932/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/gregory-porter|archive-date=August 18, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, mbipụta ndị ọzọ nke mmepụta ya gụnyere Gregory Porter's Take Me to the Alley, Ed Motta's Perpetual Gateways, na Steph Johnson's Music Is Art. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2017, Kenyatta ritere Grammy màkà mmepụta ya nke Take Me to the Alley na Best Jazz Vocal Album category.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://musicweb.ucsd.edu/media/news.php?query_status=&query_id=406|title=Kamau Kenyatta Wins Grammy Award|author=Roos|first=Meghan|date=February 16, 2017|work=UC San Diego's Department of Music|accessdate=August 30, 2017|publisher=UC San Diego; Division of Arts & Humanities|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830151401/http://musicweb.ucsd.edu/media/news.php?query_status=&query_id=406|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dị ka ónyé na-ede ihe nkiri, Kenyatta so Hubert Laws rụkọọ ọrụ na-emepụta akara màkà Small Steps, Big Strides, ihe ngosi netwọk Fox na-akọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkiri ndị Africa na America. Kenyatta dekwara ụdaolu màkà The Dawn at My Back, ihe ncheta mmekọrịta nke meriri Online Film Festival Jury Award maka Short Filmmaking New Forms na 2004 Sundance Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://history.sundance.org/events/39|title=2004 Sundance Film Festival|author=Everett|first=Morgan|date=2004|work=Sundance Institute|accessdate=August 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://history.sundance.org/films/3079/the_dawn_at_my_back_memoir_of_a_black_texas_upbringing|title=The Dawn at My Back: Memoir of a Black Texas Upbringing|author=Everett|first=Morgan|date=2004|work=Sundance Institute|accessdate=August 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/la-rebellion/films/dawn-my-back-memoir-black-texas-upbringing|title=The Dawn at My Back: Memoir of a Black Texas Upbringing|author=Kelley|first=Shannon|date=2003|accessdate=August 29, 2017|publisher=UCLA Film & Television Archive}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Kenyatta mere ihe nkírí Spirits of Rebellion, nke onye nduzi Zeinabu Irene Davis. Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma mba ụwa nke Liquid Spirit na 2016, o mere ihe nkiri Gregory Porter, Don't Forget Your Music . E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na UK n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2016.<ref name=":0"/> E nyere Kenyatta ohere ịtọhapụ egwu ahụ n'aha nke ya.<ref name="Elegant Sadness">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2019/oct/31/blurt-elegant-sadness-kamau-kenyatta/|title=''The Elegant Sadness'' of Kamau Kenyatta|first=Robert|author=Bush|work=San Diego Reader|date=October 31, 2019|accessdate=November 2, 2020}}</ref> == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" |+Ihe nrite Grammy !Afọ !Ọrụ A họpụtara !Onye na-ese ihe !Ihe nrite !Nsonaazụ |- |2017 |''Were m gaa n'okporo ámá'' |Gregory Porter |Album Jazz Vocal Kasị Mma<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/bands/kamau-kenyatta/|title=Kamau Kenyatta|author=Bush|first=Robert|date=2000|work=San Diego Reader|accessdate=August 29, 2017|publisher=San Diego Reader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Grammy Award Results for Kamau Kenyatta|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/kamau-kenyatta|publisher=The Recording Academy|accessdate=July 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821025348/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/kamau-kenyatta|archive-date=August 21, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2017/feb/22/blurt-kamaus-gold/|title=Kamau's gold: San Diego musician/producer Kamau Kenyatta wins another Grammy|author=Bush|first=Robert|date=February 22, 2017|work=San Diego Reader|accessdate=August 29, 2017}}</ref> |{{Won}} |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] laf9bnya08pkq31xivdh2kudl4f4adx 0 18109 727608 705855 2026-09-24T12:44:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christopher James Gholson''' (amụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 11, 1983), nkè a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ '''Drumma Boy''', bụ ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ America. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ ya na Memphis, [[Tennessee]], ma zụlite ya na Cordova, Tennessee, ọ hụrụ egwu mgbè ọ dị obérè. Nne ya, Billie Baker Gholson, bụ onye na-ahụ màkà ego nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ egwu opera ógè ụfọdụ ma bụrụ onye Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Rudi E. Scheidt School of Music na Mahadum Memphis . Nna ya, G. James Gholson, bụ onye clarinetist lara ezumike nká na prọfesọ egwu na Rudi E. Scheidt School of Music, bụ nwoke mbụ si Afrịka na Amerịka nwere oche mbụ na Memphis Symphony Orchestra.<ref name="Miley">{{Cite web|url=http://www.complexmag.ca/music/2013/03/interview-drumma-boy-respect-legacy-miley-cyrus|title=Interview: Drumma Boy Talks Respect, His Legacy, and Wanting to Work With Miley Cyrus|work=Complexmag.ca|publisher=|date=March 2013|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141111055243/http://www.theblackurbantimes.com/2009/12/new-yorjkgk;oviyficfjc,vk-times-names-atlantas-four.html Memphis Symphony Orchestra]. ''tburbantimes.com''.</ref> Nna ya bụ onye emeritus nke Memphis Woodwind Quintet na onye na-egwu egwu na United States Navy Band.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://issuu.com/univofmemphis/docs/12-uom-2072_centennial_newsletter-winter-small-iss|title=Empower Winter 2013|publisher=ISSUU University of Memphis|accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref> Nna nna ya bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma nwee ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị aha ya na Washington, D.C. Ndị ezinụlọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere nne nne na nwanne nne ya bụkwa ndị egwu ma na-akụzi egwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Drumma Boy na-ekwu na o nwèrè ihe ndekọ n'aka ya mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ na clarinet mgbe ọ dị afọ ise.<ref>[http://www.sixshot.com/articles/8788/ Interview: Drumma Boy] ''sixshot.com''</ref> Nna ya nyere aka n'ịkụziri ya banyere egwu ọdịnala mana ọ bụ nne ya mere ka ọ mata Curtis Mayfield na 1970s rhythm and blues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://read.ammomag.com/Q-A-Producer-Drumma-Boy|title=Q&A: Producer Drumma Boy|work=AMMO Magazine|publisher=AMMO|accessdate=30 January 2014|first=Nekeya|author=O'Connor|archivedate=11 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111053818/http://read.ammomag.com/Q-A-Producer-Drumma-Boy}}</ref> Gholson bụ onye egwu a zụrụ azụ n'egwú oge ochie, ọ malitere ịme clarinet E-flat mgbè ọ dị afọ isii wee gaa clarinet B-flat. Mgbè ọ dị afọ isii, Gholson malitere ịmụ piano.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laslomaspage.com/2014/04/02/classically-trained-artists-turn-hip-hop|title=Classically trained artists turn hip-hop - The Page|accessdate=2014-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111073209/http://www.laslomaspage.com/2014/04/02/classically-trained-artists-turn-hip-hop/|archivedate=2014-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stacksmag.net/2009/06/drumma-boy-continuing-the-legacy-of-memphis-music.html|title=Drumma Boy: Continuing The Legacy of Memphis Music|work=STACKS Magazine|date=5 June 2009}}</ref> Mathematics bụ isiokwu ụlọ akwụkwọ kachasị amasị ya. Na klas nke itoolu, o mèrè abụ banyéré usoro quadratic maka otuto ọzọ ma nweta ọkwa kachasị elu maka klas ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://frostbeats.com/spotlight/drummaboyfresh/|title=MISI Entertainment catches up with multi-platinum producer Drumma Boy [@DrummaBoyFRESH]|publisher=Frost Beats|date=9 December 2011|accessdate=9 October 2016|archivedate=10 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010132105/http://frostbeats.com/spotlight/drummaboyfresh/}}</ref><ref name="Miley"/> Gholson malitere ịme egwu hip hop mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ ma nweta ntinye mmepụta mbụ ya na redio ọbọdọ ya na Memphis rapper Tela's “Double Dose'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2016/07/drumma-boy-interview-gucci-mane/|title=Studio Session: Drumma Boy Motivates the Children|work=XXLmag.com|date=15 July 2016|accessdate=24 July 2016|author=Miranda J.}}</ref> O mepụtara abọm dum mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rapindustry.com/production-32.htm|title=This Month's Feature Is: Drumma Boy|work=RapIndustry.com|year=2010|accessdate=30 January 2014|archivedate=1 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201213729/http://www.rapindustry.com/production-32.htm}}</ref> N'oge ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Gholson na-egwu basketball ma nye ya ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ egwuregwu.<ref name="Hotnewhiphop">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/exclusive-interview-drumma-boy-talks-on-working-with-t-i-wiz-khalifa-2-chainz-and-more-news.2422.html|title=Exclusive: Drumma Boy Talks On Working With T.I., Wiz Khalifa, 2 Chainz & More|work=Hotnewhiphop.com|date=17 July 2012|accessdate=14 April 2016|archive-date=19 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719234124/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/exclusive-interview-drumma-boy-talks-on-working-with-t-i-wiz-khalifa-2-chainz-and-more-news.2422.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> E nyere ya ọkwa na Memphis Youth Symphony Orchestra yana inye ya agụmakwụkwọ egwu kọleji.<ref name="Smokey Fontaine">{{Cite web|url=http://giantlife.com/29202/drumma-boy-interview/|title=Drumma Boy Interview|work=Giantlife.com|date=16 October 2008|accessdate=14 April 2016|author=Smokey Fontaine}}</ref> Dị ka ónyé na-emepụta ihe n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ malitere ịkwụ ụgwọ $ 200 maka egwu ọ bụla o mere ma mesịa nweta $ 500 kwa egwu mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.<ref name="Smokey Fontaine" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow4EAAAAMBAJ&q=drumma+boy+basketball+team&pg=PA67|title=6 Questions|work=Billboard|date=13 October 2007|accessdate=14 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.7544/title.drumma-boy-talks-past-success-and-upcoming-placements|title=Drumma Boy Talks Past, Success, And Upcoming Placements|work=HiphopDX.com|date=August 20, 2008|accessdate=9 February 2014|author=Jake Paine|archivedate=22 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222030138/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.7544/title.drumma-boy-talks-past-success-and-upcoming-placements}}</ref> Gholson gàrà Mahadum nke Memphis dị ka ónyé isi Music Business, matriculating na 2001. N'ihi nrụgide sitere n'aka nne na nna ya iji nweta agụmakwụkwọ, nna ya dụrụ ya ọdụ na nzere kọleji ga-emeghe ọnụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ màkà ọganihu ọrụ, nne ya mesikwara ike mkpà ọ dị inwe ego. Gholson gakwara kọleji iji mezuo nkwenye nna ya na nzere kọleji bụ tiketi maka ọrụ siri ike ma kwụsie ike.<ref name="Hotnewhiphop"/> N'ịgbaso ndụmọdụ nna ya na site n'afọ ya dị obere, Drumma Boy guzobere aha maka onwe ya ma na-aghọ ngwa ngwa ndị na-emepụta ihe kachasị achọ na Tennessee. Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ezumike ya n'èzí klas na keyboard na igwe drum na-eme egwu hip hop n'ime ụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://2011expo.ascap.com/speaker/DrummaBoy|title=Drumma Boy|work=[[ASCAP]].com|accessdate=14 April 2016|archivedate=13 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513121559/http://2011expo.ascap.com/speaker/DrummaBoy}}</ref> N'etiti ịga klas, ọ ga-azụta egwu ya na-eme n'ụlọ nye ndị na-eti egwu Memphis dị ka Gangsta Boo, yana ịga [[Texas]] ịrụ ọrụ egwu maka Scarface na Bun B nke UGK. Ọ bụ ezie na Gholson nwetara ezigbo akara, a chụpụrụ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'afọ 2004 n'ihi enweghị ndị bịara ya.<ref name="Fact2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.factmag.com/2013/10/03/listen-to-the-track-drumma-boy-recounts-the-stories-behind-his-biggest-hits/9/|title=DRUMMA BOY 'The Conductor' (Self-released, 2012)|publisher=Fact Magazine|date=3 October 2013|accessdate=14 April 2016|author=Kelly, Chris|pages=9}}</ref> Ego sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta egwu ya siri ike nke na Gholson na-adọta $ 20,000 kwa ọnwa ébé o mechara chọpụta na ọ nweghị ihe mere ọ ga-eji nọrọ na kọleji.<ref name="Fact2012" /> Nna ya màrà ya aka, na mgbalị iji mee ka ọ laghachi na kọleji, iji nweta $ 100,000 n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ iji gosipụta nnwere onwé ya. Drumma Boy nwetara $ 100,000 n'ime ọnwa iri.<ref name="Fact2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clatl.com/atlanta/atlantas-beat-generation-drumma-boy-chris-henderson-and-zaytoven/Content?oid=1285175|title=Atlanta's beat generation: Drumma Boy, Chris Henderson and Zaytoven|publisher=CLATL|date=Dec 1, 2009|accessdate=30 January 2014|author=Ben Westhoff}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Gholson alaghachighị na Mahadum Memphis, ya na nna ya guzobere James na Christopher Gholson Scholarship Fund, agụmakwụkwọ nke na-aga n'ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ na-amụ egwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-eme ka nnà ya na ezinụlọ ya nwee nkwa na ụkpụrụ màkà agụmakwụkwọ na ịgụ akwụkwọ ọdịbendị.<ref name="autogenerated2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/videos/id.21054/title.drumma-boy-gives-life-advice-to-high-school-students|title=Drumma Boy Gives Life Advice To High School Students|work=HiphopDX.com|date=28 August 2015|accessdate=14 April 2016|archivedate=22 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422021800/http://hiphopdx.com/videos/id.21054/title.drumma-boy-gives-life-advice-to-high-school-students}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Gholson arụla ọrụ na ọtụtụ ihe omume sitere na hip hop, R&B, na reggae.<ref>[http://mvremix.com/urban_blogs/2008/07/17/atl-beat-maker-drumma-boy-nominated-for-%E2%80%9Cproducer-of-the-year%E2%80%9D-at-ozone-awards-2008-alongside-nominees-lil-wayne-rick-ross-ti-plies-kanye-west-lupe-fiasco-jeezy-soulja-boy-an/ Beat maker Drumma Boy nominated for producer of the year at Ozone awards 2008 alongside nominees Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, T.I., Plies, Kanye West, Lupe Fiasco, Jeezy, and Soulja Boy]. ''mvremix.com''.</ref> Gholson kwagara Atlanta n'afọ 2004 ma lekwasị anya ịghọ ónyé na-emepụta egwu na onye ọchụnta ego. N'ihota echiche ya nke azụmahịa site n'aka nne ya, onye ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ego, Gholson hiwere Drum Squad, ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na-enweghị onwé ya nke gụnyere Drum Squad Productions, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta egwu nke na-anọchite anya ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-ede egwu, Drum Squad Records (akara ndekọ), na Drum Squad Films, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nkírí na nkesa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://drum-squad.com/go/|title=drumsquadonline|accessdate=19 March 2015|archivedate=2 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402182322/http://www.drum-squad.com/go/}}</ref><ref name="nodfactor.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nodfactor.com/2012/06/26/drumma-boy-the-beats-is-like-a-hustle-its-20-of-my-mind|title=Drumma Boy: "The Beats Is Like A Hustle, It's 20% Of My Mind" @DrummaboyFresh|work=nodfactor.com|accessdate=2022-07-04|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418065246/https://www.nodfactor.com/2012/06/26/drumma-boy-the-beats-is-like-a-hustle-its-20-of-my-mind/}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2008, Gholson ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta hip hop kachasị achọ na ụlọ ọrụ égwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flavourmag.co.uk/young-ambitious-drumma-boy/|title=Young & Ambitious: Drumma Boy|author=Annika Allen|date=18 December 2014|work=flavourmag.co.uk|publisher=}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, ''Vibe'' Magazine kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe ise kachasị elu "na-eme mkpọtụ" na ụlọ ọrụ egwu. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, ''The New York Times'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe anọ na-ekpo ọkụ "na-akwọ ọbọdọ" na Atlanta, na-akọwa ụda ya dị ka "ìgwè aṅụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke synths na-ekpuchi ya na injections bass nke hà nhata Memphis na Atlanta".<ref>{{Cite news|first=Jon|author=Caramanica|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/arts/music/13gucci.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=drumma%20boy&st=cse|title=Gucci Mane, No Holds Barred|work=The New York Times|date=December 11, 2011|accessdate=}}</ref> E hotara ya na mbipụta Jenụwarị 2010 ''nke Rolling'' Stone gbara ọrụ mmepụta ya màkà ónyé na-edekọ egwu Gucci Mane's #1 rap album The State vs. ''Radric Davis''. == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == N'afọ 2013, Gholson wepụtara ụdị mmanya okomoko ya nke a na-akpọ Moreno BHLV .<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2013/11/drumma-boy-becomes-face-luxury-sparkling-wine/|title=Drumma Boy Gets His Own Luxury Sparkling Wine|work=XXLMag.com|date=5 November 2013|accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref> Gholson emeghewokwa “G Factory’; ụlọ ọrụ ihe okike 20,000 square foot n’obodo ya bụ Memphis, màkà mmepụta ihe nkiri na ihe ngosi TV nke ga-emesị gụnye ụlọ ahịa osisi, na ndị ọrụ nkọwa ụgbọ ala ebe a ga-ahọpụta ohere ahụ maka ndị ọkachamara na-emepụta ihe, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ese ihe iji mee ka nkà ha dị mma.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://schedule.sxsw.com/2014/events/event_MP991001|title=Schedule|accessdate=10 November 2014|archivedate=11 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111070443/http://schedule.sxsw.com/2014/events/event_MP991001}}</ref> Gholson malitekwara ngalaba mmepụta ihe nkírí na nkesa nke a na-akpọ Drum Squad Films n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ya, Drum Squad . Otu n'ime ihe nkírí ole na ole mbụ a na-akpọ "Chapters" malitere site na ihe nkírí Drum Squad na 2012, nke Gholson mèrè ihe nkírí ọzọ màkà ya. “Know your History” bụ ihe nkiri ọzọ nweere onwe ya nke ihe nkiri Drum Squad wepụtara na-edekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọbọdọ Memphis.<ref name="nodfactor.com"/> == Ihe nrite == Drumma Boy meriri "Best Indie Producer of the Year" n'usoro na 2009, 2010 na 2011 Southern Entertainment Awards. O nwetara nhọpụta maka "Onye Mmepụta nke Afọ" na 2008 Ozone Awards na 2010 BET Hip Hop Awards.<ref>[http://mvremix.com/urban_blogs/2008/07/17/atl-beat-maker-drumma-boy-nominated-for-%E2%80%9Cproducer-of-the-year%E2%80%9D-at-ozone-awards-2008-alongside-nominees-lil-wayne-rick-ross-ti-plies-kanye-west-lupe-fiasco-jeezy-soulja-boy-an/ ATL beat maker Drumma Boy nominated for "Producer of the Year" at Ozone Awards 2008 alongside nominees Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, T.I, Plies, Kanye West, Lupe Fiasco, Jeezy, Soulja Boy & Andre 3000 as the classically trained musical prodigy holds chart topping singles "Put On" for Jeezy & Kanye West, "What's Up" for T.I., "Tomorrow" for Rocko and upcoming tracks for Ludacris, Akon, Monica, Nelly, Brandy, Keyshia Cole, 50 Cent, Mary J. Blige, Raheem Devaughn, Goapele, Dionne Farris, Keri Hilson and more]. ''mvremix.com''.</ref> Egwu ya nyere aka na nhọpụta abụọ n'oge 2009 Grammy Awards gụnyere ọrụ ya na T.I's Paper Trail (Best Rap Album) na "Put On" nke Young Jeezy & Kanye West (Best Performance by a Rap Duo.).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090907001908/http://www.yoraps.com/next2blowcontest.php Drumma Boy: Next2BlowContest]. ''yoraps.com''.</ref> Drumma mepụtakwara "Stranger" na Usher's 2010 Versus (EP), wepụtara ya na mbipụta deluxe nke ''Raymond v''. ''Raymond''; abọm ahụ meriri Grammy Awards abụọ maka Best Contemporary R&B Album na Best Male R&B Vocal Performance. N'afọ 2011, egwu Drumma "No Hands" maka Waka Flocka, Roscoe Dash na Wale natara nhọpụta maka "Best Collaboration" na 2011 BET Awards ma nweta nkwanye ùgwù maka "Best Club Banger" na 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards.{{col-begin}} {{col-2}} '''Albums''' *2009: ''Welcome II My City'' <small>(Drum Squad Records)</small> *2011: ''The Birth of D-Boy Fresh'' <small>(Drum Squad Records)</small> *2012: ''[[Welcome to My City 2]]'' <small>(Drum Squad Records)</small> *2014: ''Welcome to My City 3'' <small>(Drum Squad Records)</small> {{col-2}} '''Hosted mixtapes''' *2010: [[Young Buck]] - ''[[Back on My Buck Shit Vol. 2: Change of Plans]]'' *2012: Young Buck - ''[[Live Loyal Die Rich]]'' <small>(Hosted with: DJ Crisis)</small> *2012: [[8Ball & MJG|8 Ball]] - ''Premro'' *2014: Drumma Boy's 2k14 All Star Weekend Playlist <ref>{{cite web|url=http://orangemixtapes.com/mixtape/D/648/1070-drumma-boy-s-2k14-all-star-weekend-playlist.html|title=Drumma Boy's 2k14 All Star Weekend Playlist|access-date=19 March 2015}}</ref> *2021: Young Buck - ''Back on My Buck Shit, Vol. 3'' {{col-end}} == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ihe nkiri |- !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2013 |''Buck Mentality''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/youngbuck/status/400341081470279680|title=The Real Young Buck on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref> |Ya onwe ya |Ihe nkiri vidio |- |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Boy, Drumma}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2cut3ku74am9cv75rv8rk563dqt7427 0 18131 727843 92483 2026-09-25T06:35:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''James Edward Fauntleroy''' II (amụrụ na Mee 16, 1984) bụ ónyé America na-agụ egwu, ónyé na-ede egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ si Inglewood, California. A maara ya nke ọma màkà ide ihe nrite na egwu site n'aka ndị omenkà dị elu dịka Travis Scott, Frank Ocean, Kendrick Lamar, SZA, Drake, J. Cole, Vince Staples, Big Sean, Jay-Z, na John Mayer yana ide egwu màkà ndị omenkọ gụnyere Bruno Mars, Chris Brown, [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyonce]], [[Rihanna]], na Justin Timberlake. N'afọ 2014 na 2018, Fauntleroy meriri Grammy Award maka Best R&B Song. == Ọrụ egwu == N'afọ 2007, Fauntleroy dere egwu ise site na abọm nke abụọ nké Chris Brown bụ Exclusive (2007). N'afọ 2009, James Fauntleroy so dee egwu isii site na abọm nké anọ nke [[Rihanna]] bụ Rated R (2009).<ref name="lifeandtimesii">{{Cite web|url=http://lifeandtimes.com/check-the-credits-songwriter-james-fauntleroy-ii-on-writings-hits-for-rihanna-jordin-sparks-justin-timberlake-more|title=Check The Credits: Songwriter James Fauntleroy II On Writing Hits For Rihanna, Jordin Sparks, Justin Timberlake & More &#124; Life+Times|date=11 June 2013|publisher=Lifeandtimes.com|accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, Fauntleroy nyere olu maka egwu ise na Common's The Dreamer / The Believer album. Ọ pụtara na "Dreamer (feat. Maya Angelou)", "Gold," "Cloth", "Celebrate", na "Windows". N'afọ 2012, o nyèrè aka na egwu egwu egwu nke mbụ nke G.O.O.D. nke [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]], Cruel Summer. Ọ pụtara na "Clique", "Higher", "Sin City", na "The One".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/475043/good-music-cruel-summer-track-by-track-review|title=G.O.O.D. Music, 'Cruel Summer': Track-By-Track Review|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref> == Ihe Nrite == A na-enye Grammy Awards kwa afọ site na National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences nke United States maka ihe ịga nke ọma dị ịrịba ama na ụlọ ọrụ egwu. A na-ewere ya dị ka nsọpụrụ egwu kachasị elu, e guzobere onyinye ahụ na 1958. James Fauntleroy enwetala ihe nrite 4 n'ime nhọpụta 6.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/james-fauntleroy|title=James Fauntleroy|date=2017-11-28|work=GRAMMY.com|accessdate=2018-03-13|language=en|archive-date=2019-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917104037/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/james-fauntleroy|url-status=dead}}</ref>   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qs7iutl9mie7cptv7ry1xcen0tz34b6 0 18505 727829 422530 2026-09-25T05:16:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Italee Lucas''' (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 12, na afọ 1989) bụ onye mba America-Angola ọkachamara Onye egwuregwu bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wnba.com/shock/lucascarolina.html|title=SHOCK: Italee Lucas Carrying Carolina Tradition With Shock|work=www.wnba.com|accessdate=2017-09-14}}</ref> A mụrụ ya na United States, n'afọ 2015, e nyere Lucas nwa amaala Angola ma nwee ike igwu egwu maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Angola. == Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị == Lucas meriri asọmpi steeti na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị continental afọ na 2006 na afọ 2007. Lucas meriri na afọ 2007 Powerade Jam fest ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị 3 point shootout. == USA bọọlụ == Lucas bụ onye otu USA nke sonyere na asọmpi U18 na Colorado Springs, Colorado na June afọ 2006. Ndị otu ahụ meriri egwuregwu anọ niile, nweta ihe nrite ọla edo na iru eru maka afọ 2007 U19 asọmpi ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usab.com/history/u18-womens/sixth-womens-fiba-americas-u18-championship-for-women-2006.aspx|title=SIXTH WOMEN'S FIBA AMERICAS U18 CHAMPIONSHIP FOR WOMEN -- 2006|work=www.usab.com|accessdate=2016-05-11|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526230727/http://www.usab.com/history/u18-womens/sixth-womens-fiba-americas-u18-championship-for-women-2006.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu na otu ahụ n'afọ sochirinụ mgbe otu ahụ sonyere na asọmpi U19 na Bratislava, Slovakia n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2007. Ọ na-enweta nkezi 4.9 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla ma dekọọ 23 nyere aka nke abụọ kachasị elu na otu ahụ bụ ndị otu USA meriri egwuregwu itoolu niile na nrite ọla edo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usab.com/history/u19-womens/seventh-fiba-womens-u19-world-championship-2007.aspx|title=SEVENTH FIBA WOMEN'S U19 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP -- 2007|work=www.usab.com|accessdate=2016-05-11|archive-date=2015-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426054312/http://www.usab.com/history/u19-womens/seventh-fiba-womens-u19-world-championship-2007.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kọleji == Lucas mechiri oge ikpeazụ ya na Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill na-enweta akara 16.2, 3.1 rebounds, na 2.6 nyere aka n'egwuregwu ọ bụla na oge 2010 1911. Ebe e si nweta ya<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web1.ncaa.org/stats/StatsSrv/careersearch|title=NCAA® Career Statistics|work=web1.ncaa.org|accessdate=2016-05-08}}</ref>{{NBA player statistics legend}} {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ìgwè !GP !Ihe Ndị E Si Nweta !FG% !3P% !FT% !RPG !APG !SPG !BPG !PPG |- |2007-08 |North Carolina |36 |178 |36.6 |27.3 |60.0 |1.7 |2.7 |1.2 | - |4.9 |- |2008-09 |North Carolina |35 |486 |'''46.1''' |'''39.3''' |'''79.0''' |3.5 |'''2.8''' |'''1.7''' |0.1 |13.9 |- |2009-10 |North Carolina |30 |441 |40.0 |34.4 |78.4 |'''3.8''' |2.5 |1.5 |0.1 |14.7 |- |2010-11 |North Carolina |'''37''' |'''598''' |43.5 |33.6 |75.3 |3.1 |2.6 |1.2 |0.1 |'''16.2''' |- |Ọrụ |North Carolina |138 |1703 |42.4 |34.6 |76.0 |3.0 |2.7 |1.4 |0.1 |12.3 |} == Onyinye == * USA U18 National Team -06 * Gold Medal Tournament nke Amerịka U18 -06 * USA U19 National Team -07 * Ihe nrite ọla edo U19 World Championship - 07 * ACC Onye mmeri oge -08 * Onye mmeri nke asọmpi ACC -08 * ACC Tournament Semifinals -09 * ACC All-Tournament 2nd Team -09 * All-ACC 2nd Team -10, 11 * ACC All-Tournament 1st Team -11 * Onye mmeri nke asọmpi ACC -11 * NCAA Sweet 16 -11 * Afrobasket.com All-African Champions Cup MVP -13 * Afrobasket.com All-African Champions Cup Best Guard -13 * Afrobasket.com All-African Champions Cup 1st Team -13 * Onye mmeri nke African Champions Cup -13 * Onye mmeri SuperCup nke Afrịka - 13 * Onye mmeri nke African Championship - 13 * A họpụtara ya dị ka 2007 McDonald's na WBCA All-American. * E gosipụtara ya dị ka onye egwuregwu Gatorade State nke Afọ na 2007. * A na-asọpụrụ ya dị ka onye otu 2007 Parade Magazine na EA Sports All-America na onye otu USA Today All-USA nke abụọ. * A kpọrọ ya onye otu nke abụọ nke Parade Magazine All-America na 2006. * E gosipụtara ya dị ka onye otu nke isii nke Street & Smith's All-America na 2006. * E gosipụtara ya dị ka onye egwuregwu Las Vegas Review-Journal Nevada Player of the Year na 2006 na 2007. * A na-asọpụrụ ya dị ka MVP steeti na 2004-2007 nakwa dị ka MVM distrikti na 2005 na 2006. * Nhọrọ mpaghara niile na 2004, 2005 na 2006 * Nhọrọ niile na 2004, 2005, 2006 na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://regeneracomsports.com/italee_lucas_signs_with_regeneracomsports-ne412.html|title=Italee Lucas signs with RegeneracomSports|work=Regeneracomsports.com|accessdate=2017-09-14}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051506/http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205677460 North Carolina Tar Heels bio] {{G.D. Interclube Women's Basketball}}{{2011 WNBA Draft}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 11em9zob50rk7c5j99ts4x9x1mrj0x8 0 18559 727824 124005 2026-09-25T05:07:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Isabel Jeans''' (16 Septemba 1891 -4 Septemba 1985) bụ onye England na-eme ihe nkiri a maara maka ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Alfred Hitchcock na ngosipụta ya nke Aunt Alicia na ihe nkiri egwu nke 1958 ''Gigi'' .<ref name="bfi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f3ddc5a|title=Isabel Jeans|access-date=2022-07-18|archive-date=2017-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004204538/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f3ddc5a|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171004204538/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f3ddc5a "Isabel Jeans"].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/isabel-jeans-p35362|title=Isabel Jeans - Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos - AllMovie|work=AllMovie}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ na London, Jeans bụ nwa nwaanyị nke onye na-enyocha nka.<ref name="Harrison">Harrison, Paul. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19370829&id=OUosAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yMoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5818,5115916 "Charming British Girl Arrives in Hollywood"], ''The Sunday Spartanburg Herald-Journal'' (South Carolina), 29 August 1937, front page of Sec. 2</ref> O mere atụmatụ ịghọ onye na-agụ egwu mana ọ malitere ọrụ ya na London na 1908 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, na oku nke Herbert Beerbohm Tree.<ref name="Harrison"/> Ọ pụtara na mbụ na Broadway na The Man Who Married a Dumb Wife na Jenụwarị 1915 na dị ka Titania na A Midsummer Night's Dream na Febụwarị 1915.<ref name="IBDB">[http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=46892 Isabel Jeans] at the IBDB database</ref> O mere Lady Mercia Merivale na egwu nke London Kissing Time (1919).<ref>Findon, B.H., "Kissing Time", ''[[The Play Pictorial]]'', May 1919, p. 82.</ref> Ọ pụtara na mmepụta nke James Elroy Flecker's ''Hassan'' na His Majesty's Theatre na London na 1923. Egwú mberede maka egwuregwu ahụ bụ nke Frederick Delius, Fokine mepụtara ballet na House-of-the-Moving Walls. N'afọ 1924, ọ pụtara na ihe egwuregwu Ivor Novello The Rat na Prince of Wales's Theatre na London. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ nọ na egwuregwu Richard Brinsley Sheridan The Rivals na Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, ya na di mbụ ya Claude Rains, nwunye mbụ ya Marie Hemingway, na nwunye ya ugbu a Beatrix Thomson. Ọ pụtara na nnukwu ọrụ na ihe nkiri abụọ Alfred Hitchcock, Downhill (1927) na Easy Virtue (1928) na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ nke ndi Britain, wee mee ọtụtụ nnukwu nwanyị na ihe nkiri Hollywood, dị ka Suspicion (1941), ''Banana Ridge'' (1942), <nowiki><i id="mwRg">Gigi</i></nowiki> (1958) na A Breath of Scandal (1960).<ref name="bfi"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/isabel-jeans-p35362/filmography|title=Isabel Jeans – Movies and Filmography - AllMovie|work=AllMovie}}</ref> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ e mere n'elu ihe nkiri gụnyere The Beggar's Opera na Comedy Theatre, London na 1935, mweghachi nke The Happy Hypocrite na 1936.<ref>[http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/stats-and-facts/london-theatre/view/item98441/08-April-1936:-Novello-is-The-Happy-Hypocrite/ ''The Happy Hypocrite''] on Official London Theatre Guide, accessed 19 September 2011</ref> Ọrụ Broadway mechara bụrụ Crystal Wetherby na The Man in Possession na 1930 na Mrs. Emmeline Lucas na Make Way for Lucia na 1948.<ref name="IBDB"/> Ihe nkiri Bekee gụnyere ihe nkiri Anton Chekhov bụ The Seagull (1949 na Lyric Theatre, London na St. James's Theatre), ihe nkiri Jean Anouilh, "Ardele" (1951 na Vaudeville Theatre), ihe egwuregwu Noël Coward, The ''Vortex'' (1952 na Lyric Theater na Hammersmith), ihe nkiri T. S. Eliot bụ The Confidential Clerk (1953 na Lyric Drama), ihe nkiri William Congreve bụ The Double Dealer (1959 na Old Vic Theatre, ma na-eme n'ebe ahụ n'oge ahụ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na West End nke Oscar Wilde, gụnyere Lady Windermere's Fan (1945 na Haymarket Theatre, nke John Gielgud duziri na 1966 na Phoenix Theatre (London)), A Woman of No Importance (1953 na Savoy Theatre) na dị ka Lady Bracknell na The Importance of Being Earnest (1968 na Haymarket Theater).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093029/http://www.phyllis.demon.co.uk/theatricalia/07class/class5059.htm Classic Plays – 1950s], Rob Wilton Theatricalia, accessed 19 September 2011</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105653/http://www.phyllis.demon.co.uk/theatricalia/07class/class6069.htm Classic Plays – 1960s], Rob Wilton Theatricalia, accessed 19 September 2011</ref> Nwanne nwoke Jeans bụ Desmond bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-akụ ọkpọ, nwanne ya nwaanyị bụ Ursula bikes Onye na- eme ihe onyonyo a na - akwanyere ugwu.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FOHgDAAAQBAJ&dq=ursula+jeans+roger+livesey+memorial+plaque&pg=PA375|title=Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.|first=Scott|author=Wilson|date=16 September 2016|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476625997}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ di ugboro abụọ: nke mbụ ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Claude Rains, site na 1913 ruo 1915, emechaa o luo onye ọka iwu na odee bu Gilbert Edward "Gilley" Wakefield site na 1920 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1963.<ref name="Harrison"/>   == Selected stage credits == == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} k34ra7wo1z6eo4w3ufgesy2k02lbycz 0 18776 727650 196930 2026-09-24T15:33:29Z SephyPHC 60992 /* */ etinyere m asusu 727650 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Amala_with_Ewedu.jpg|thumb|Amala na ewedu]]   <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ajoke|date=2021-05-30|title=Ewedu Soup|url=https://www.myactivekitchen.com/ewedu-soup/|accessdate=2022-12-12|work=My Active Kitchen|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ajoke|date=2019-06-04|title=How to Make Efo Riro|url=https://www.myactivekitchen.com/how-to-make-efo-riro-2/|accessdate=2022-12-12|work=My Active Kitchen|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://habeebolonje.com.ng/2018/09/05/preparing-okro-soup-obe-ila/|title=How to Prepare Okro Soup (Obe ila)|date=2018-09-05|work=Habeeb Olonje|accessdate=2019-06-03|archivedate=2019-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603013854/https://habeebolonje.com.ng/2018/09/05/preparing-okro-soup-obe-ila/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Best soups to eat D-Amala with.|url=https://www.novelexpresstastyfoods.com/2017/12/best-soups-to-eat-d-amala-with.html|accessdate=2022-05-10|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929214508/https://www.novelexpresstastyfoods.com/2017/12/best-soups-to-eat-d-amala-with.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amala and Ewedu Soup Recipe|url=https://www.chefspencil.com/recipe/amala-and-ewedu-soup/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Chef's Pencil|language=en-US}}</ref> Àmàlà bụ nri a na-eri eri nke sitere na ike nke asụsụ Yoruba nke Ndịda ike ịzụ na ndị ọzọ nke ala Yoruba mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe a ma ama.[1]  A na-eji yam, ntụ ọka cassava, ma ọ bụ ntụ ọka plantain na-esighị ike eme ya.[2]  A na-ụbe tubers nke yam, bepụ ya, sachaa ya, nweta ya ma gwọọ ya ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ọka.  A na-akpọkwa ya èlùbọ́ .  [3] Yams na-acha ọcha ma na-acha nchara nchara mgbe nke na-enye àmàlà ụcha ya.  [4].  Ilá, na ogbono. == Ụdị == E nwere ụdị àmàlà atọ: àmàlà isu, <ref>{{Cite web|title=How Elubo is Made – Yam Flour (Amala-Isu) – Abebi Foods|url=https://abebifoods.com.ng/how-elubo-is-made-yam-flour-amala-isu/|accessdate=2022-12-12|language=en-US}}</ref> àmàlà láfún, na amala OFFede. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-09|title=Amala Food Recipe {{!}} How to Cook Amala - African Food Network|url=https://afrifoodnetwork.com/recipes/swallow-recipes/amala/|accessdate=2022-05-10|language=en-US}}</ref> Àmàlà isu, ụdị àmàlà a na-ahụ, bụ nke faịlị na yam.  Otu ụdị yam mma maka àmà àmà bụ Dioscorea cayenensis (Ikoro) n'ihi nnukwu starch ya.[1]  N'ihi na ọ na-emebi emebi, a na-akpa akpa yam ma mee ya ntụ ọka.  Enwere ike iji mmiri ọkụ ntụ ọka ahụ iji jide ma ọ bụ gel a na-akpọ kokonte na Ghana na Togo, na àmàlà na Naijiria.[2][3]  A na-eji yam nti nkụ eme Àmàlà.  Nke a na-enye ya ụcha ojii / nchara nchara mgbe ihere ya na mmiri na-esi amụ.  [4] [5] Amala bara ntụ na carbohydrates ma kwa isi iyi dị mkpa nke carbohydrate, ngwaahịa na mpaghara yam nke West Africa.. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Akissoe|first=N. H.|date=2003|title=Physical, chemical and sensory evaluation of dried yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tubers, flour and amala- a flour-derived product.|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=Trop.+Sci.&title=Physical,+chemical+and+sensory+evaluation+of+dried+yam+(Dioscorea+rotundata)+tubers,+flour+and+amala+%E2%80%93+a+flour%E2%80%90derived+product&volume=41&publication_year=2003&pages=151-156&#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D36FZS9PuO20J|journal=Journal of Tropical Science|volume=41|pages=151–156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-10|title=How to make the perfect "Amala"|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/make-perfect-amala/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Mkpụrụ ọka Cassava (àmàlà láfún) === A na-eji ntụ ọka cassava eme Àmàlà láfún.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nwokolo|first=Collins|date=2021-03-01|title=10 Amazing Health Benefits Of Amala|url=https://healthguide.ng/health-benefits-of-amala/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Health Guide NG|language=en-us}}</ref> A maara ntụ ọka cassava a mịrị amị dị ka lafun na Naijiria na konkonte na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Popular Swallows Eaten By Ghanaians|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/10257/5-popular-swallows-eaten-by-ghanaians.html|accessdate=2022-05-03|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How To Prepare Kokonte » My Recipe Joint|url=https://myrecipejoint.com/how-to-prepare-kokonte/|accessdate=2022-05-10|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520042410/https://myrecipejoint.com/how-to-prepare-kokonte/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Konkonte {{!}} Traditional Side Dish From Ghana {{!}} TasteAtlas|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/konkonte|accessdate=2022-07-27|work=www.tasteatlas.com|archivedate=2022-07-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727212228/https://www.tasteatlas.com/konkonte}}</ref> === Mkpụrụ ọka (amala ogede) === Ụdị amala ọzọ bụ elubo ogede, nke na-agha mfe.  Ọnọdụ carbohydrate dị ala na ntụ ọka plantain na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga.  A na-Ụbụ plantain na-esighị ike, idi ya, ma-ewe ya mmiri na-esi iwu, na-achọ ihe na-acha nchara nchara mgbe a na-esi ya..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plantain Fufu (Amala Ogede) Recipe :: Nigerian Dishes :: Galleria Health and Lifestyle, Nigeria|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Health_Lifestyle/Recipe/Fufu/Plantain_Fufu.html|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sue|date=2015-08-02|title=How to Make Plantain Flour|url=https://www.backcountrypaleo.com/how-to-make-plantain-flour/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Backcountry Paleo|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nri == Enwere ike iri Àmàlà na ofe dị iche iche: * Efo__wol____wol____wol__: e ji akwụkwọ nri na ngwakọta nke anụ, azụ, akpụkpọ ehi (ponmo), na anụ ndị ọzọ mee ya <ref>{{Cite book|author=Rees, D.|year=2012|title=Crop Post-Harvest: Science and Technology, Perishables|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken}}</ref> * [[Egusi]]: ofe e ji mkpụrụ melon siri ike na akwụkwọ nri mee.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Diana|author=Evans|date=2020-02-17|title=Nigerian Egusi Soup|url=https://www.preciouscore.com/egusi-soup/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Precious Core|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Lete|first=Nky Lily|date=2013-06-25|title=Nigerian Egusi Soup - Obe Efo elegusi : How to cook Egusi Soup|url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/egusi-soup-obe-efo-elegusi/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Nigerian Food TV|language=en-us}}</ref> * Ewedu soup: e ji akwụkwọ [[Corchorus]] siri esi ma sie ya ma nwee obere egusi na / ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-03|title=5 Soups You Should Try With 'The King Of Swallows'|url=https://bizwatchnigeria.ng/5-soups-you-should-try-with-the-king-of-swallows/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=BizWatchNigeria.Ng|language=en-US}}</ref> * Gbegiri Soup: e ji agwa kpọrọ nkụ mee ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nwosu Chukwuebuka|date=2023-08-23|title=8 Notable Health Benefits of Gbegiri Soup|url=https://www.nccmed.com/8-notable-health-benefits-of-gbegiri-soup/|accessdate=2023-08-23|work=NccMed|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823160019/https://www.nccmed.com/8-notable-health-benefits-of-gbegiri-soup/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-01|title=Gbegiri - Abula (How to make Gbegiri)|url=https://www.myactivekitchen.com/gbegiri-abula/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=My Active Kitchen|language=en-GB}}</ref> * Okro soup: e ji okra mee ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-20|title=Okro Soup (African Okra Soup)|url=https://lowcarbafrica.com/okro-soup-african-okra-soup/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Low Carb Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ogbono soup: nke e ji mkpụrụ ogbono a gwakọtara agwakọta na ngwakọta nke [[Nmanu nri|mmanụ nkwụ]], azụ na agwa igurube (irú) gbakwunyere dị ka ihe ịchọ mma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lete|first=Nky Lily|date=2012-09-21|title=Ogbono Soup Recipe:How to Cook Ogbono Soup (draw soup)|url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/nigerian-ogbono-soup-how-to-cook-ogbono/|accessdate=2022-05-10|work=Nigerian Food TV|language=en-us}}</ref> <gallery> Faịlụ:Amala.jpg|Amala Faịlụ:Amala_and_Gbegiri_with_Ewedu_soup.jpg|Amala and gbegiri with ewedu soup Faịlụ:Communal_Feeding.jpg|Group of women kneading amala </gallery> == Hụkwa == * [[Eba]] * [[Ụtara|Fufu]] * Ndepụta nri ndị Afrịka * [[Nri Naijiria]] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == Mgbasa ozi metụtaraAmalana Wikimedia Commons pt727crjmn829j1vkeuf8pros0gjclx 0 19194 727849 707026 2026-09-25T07:03:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:Jani Allan 2010.jpg|thumb|Jani Allan]] '''Jani Allan''' (amuru 11 Septemba {{Databox}} 1952) bu onye odeakụkọ South Africa, onye ode akwukwo, ode akwukwo na onye mgbasa ozi. Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị ama ama mgbasa ozi obodo mbụ na 1980 na 1990. <ref name="retmg" /> Na 1980, Allan ghọrọ onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ centrist, ''Sunday Times'', akwụkwọ akụkọ kachasị na South Africa na-ekesa kwa izu. Ọ bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma n'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, na-ebipụta ogidi ndị dị ka ''Just Jani'', ''Jani Allan's Week'' na ''Face to Face'' . N'oge a ma ama ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nyere ọrụ nyocha Gallup na 1987 ka ọ chọta "onye a kacha nwee mmasị na South Afrika" ma bụrụ onye mbụ. <ref name="Abstracts">[http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Retail-industry/Bauwens-had-nothing-to-be-ashamed-of-relationship-with-Mellor-misrepresented-in-press.html Abstracts] Weekly Mail.1992</ref> N'afọ 2015, Marianne Thamm nke ''Daily Maverick'' kọwara Allan dịka onye "onye ode akwụkwọ na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha nwee mmetụta na mba ahụ". O mechara bụrụ isiokwu nke mmasị ndị nta akụkọ banyere ọdịdị mmekọrịta ya na isiokwu gbara ajụjụ ọnụ, Eugène Terre'Blanche . Allan gọnarịrị ebubo omume ahụ ma were iwu megide Terre'Blanche. Allan hapụrụ South Afrika mgbe ndị isi aka nri tụrụ bọmbụ n'ụlọ ya na afọ 1989. Allan gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọikpe wee nweta mmebi sitere na akwụkwọ Britain abụọ ndị kwughachiri ebubo okwu ahụ. Ọ gbara akwụkwọ nkwutọ megide Channel 4 maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Nick Broomfield, ''Onye Ndú, Onye Ọkwọ ụgbọala ya na Nwunye Ọkwọ ụgbọala'' . Broomfield gọrọ agọ ebubo iwelite okwu yana otu ndị akaebe si South Afrika butere iji kwado akụkụ abụọ ahụ. Allan tụfuru uwe ahụ, ọkàikpe jụrụ ikwu na onye ọ bụla ghaara ụgha n'ụlọ ikpe. Mgbe obere oge na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị na London, ọ malitere ide ogidi ndị nweere onwe ha maka mbipụta Britain wee bipụta kọlụm oge niile maka ''Scope'' . Ọ laghachiri South Afrika na 1996, na-ebipụta kọlụm webụ a na-akwado ma na-egosi ihe ngosi redio na Cape Talk . Mgbe ezumike gbatịchara, ọ laghachiri na mgbasa ozi South Afrika na 2013. Na 2014, o mere akụkọ gburugburu ụwa mgbe o bipụtasịrị akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na ebubo igbu ọchụ Oscar Pistorius . Jacana Media bipụtara ihe ncheta Allan, ''Jani Confidential'' na 16 Maachị 2015. Ọ malitere ide ọkara oge niile maka ''The Epoch Times'' site na 2018. Na South Afrika ọ na-aga n'ihu na-edepụta mpempe echiche nke onwe ya, na ọrụ ya na-apụtakarị na ''Daily Maverick'', ''Fair Lady'' na nso nso a na ''Rapport'' . Na 2020 Allan malitere ibipụta ogidi echiche maka RT (nke bụbu Russia Today), ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Russia. Allan ebiela na United States kemgbe 2001. <ref name="retmg"/> == Ndụ mbido == Otu di na nwunye bara ọgaranya nke Britain na South Africa, John Murray Allan na Janet Sophia Henning nabatara Allan mgbe ha dị otu ọnwa. Nna nkuchi Allan, onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ kwa ụbọchị nke Johannesburg, ''The Star'' nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 18. Nne ya bụ onye na-ere ihe ochie nke nwere ụlọ ahịa dị na Randburg . Henning na Henning di nke abụọ, Walter Eric Monteith Fry zụlitere Allan. Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Randburg tupu ha akwaga Bryanston na Sandton. Allan gara Franklin D. Roosevelt Primari skọọl yana Blairgowrie Primari skọọl ebe otu n'ime ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ bụ onye edemede Rian Malan . O mechara gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Roedean wee gụchaa na Greenside High School . <ref name="retmg">[http://mg.co.za/article/2013-10-04-00-the-return-of-jani-allan The return of Jani Allan] ''Mail and Guardian''. 4 October 2013</ref> Ọ bụ onye pianist oge ochie zụrụ azụ wee dekọọ egwu egwu piano televishọn mgbe ọ bụ nwata, <ref name="vv">Streak, Diana. "Victim or Vixen?" [interview], Fair Lady, 28 May 1997</ref> wee soro need egwu egwu Johannesburg mee mpụta mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 10. <ref name="retmg" /> <ref>Passmore, John. "The bitch, the neo-Nazi and a big white bottom". [[London Evening Standard]], 5 August 1992, p.15</ref> Ọ nwetakwara nzere BA Honors na Fine Art <ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref> na Mahadum Witwatersrand ebe ọ nwetakwara nzere nkuzi nkuzi HED Post-grad. Allan nwetara nke mbụ maka eserese na imewe na onye nwe ụlọ gallery, Trevor Coleman kwere nkwa inye ya ihe ngosi otu nwanyị. Onye mgbasa ozi Britain bụ Michael de Morgan mepere ihe ngosi nke onye nkatọ nka na onye na-ese mmiri, Richard Cheales bịara. <ref>Allan, Jani. 2015. ''Jani Confidential'', Jacana. pp. 36</ref> == Ọrụ == Tupu ọ bụrụ onye nta akụkọ, Allan rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ngosi foto <ref>Allan, Jani. "Don't put your daughter on the ramp Mrs Worthington", Sunday Times Magazine, 11 January 1981</ref> na onye nkuzi Bekee na Art na Wynberg Boys High School, Bryanston High Skọọl na Sevenoaks Finishing Skọọl . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121026041339/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/all-eyes-on-the-filmmaker-stars-fear-1258564.html All eyes on the film-maker stars fear] [[The Independent]]. 29 June 1997</ref> Ọrụ mbụ e bipụtara Allan bụ usoro nyocha egwu oge gboo maka ''The Citizen'' . === 1980–1989: ''Ụbọchị Sọnde'' === N'afọ 1980, onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ Tertius Myburgh <ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref> were Allan n'ọrụ ka ọ dee kọlụm maka ''Sunday Times'' wee bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu kacha na-ekesa mba. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'isi isi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Sunday Times'', ọ malitekwara ibipụta ''Radio Jani'', nyocha egwu ya. O nwekwara ebe akụkọ pop nke abalị na ihe nkiri David Gresham na Springbok Radio . Na 1986 ọ malitere ibipụta ''izu Jani Allan'' na akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ isi. Ọ ga-akọ akụkọ gbasara ọrụ ndị mara mma dị ka nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị a ma ama South Afrika na-eme ma na-agba ndị a ma ama ajụjụ ọnụ. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị Allan nọ na [[Mauritius]] na-ekpuchi azụ Marlin mgbe ụgbọ elu Helderberg South African Airways 295 dara n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ. Allan na onye ọrụ ibe ya Geoff Allan bụ ndị nta akụkọ mbụ na ọdụ ụgbọ elu. Akwụkwọ ''akụkọ Sunday Times'' bipụtara akụkọ nkwonkwo ha maka ihe mberede ahụ gburu onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ. <ref>Allan, Jani. 2015. ''Jani Confidential'', Jacana. pp. 55</ref> Ọhaneze siri ike gbasiri ike mgbe a họpụtara ya "onye a kacha amasị na South Afrika" na ntuli aka Gallup nke ''Sunday Times'' nyere na 1987. <ref name="Abstracts"/> Onye edemede ''Maverick Daily'' bụ Marianne Thamm na-akwado echiche a, na-akọwa Allan dị ka "otu oge onye na-ede akwụkwọ na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha emetụta na mba ahụ." <ref name="thamm">[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-04-06-book-review-jani-allan-white-south-africas-brittle-fall-girl-a-cautionary-tale/#.VSQ6MdyUeSq Book review: Jani Allan, white South Africa’s brittle fall girl – a cautionary tale] Daily Maverick. 6 April 2015</ref> N'afọ 1988, ndị isi ya dochie ''izu Jani Allan'' na "Face to Face", kọlụm profaịlụ nwere nnukwu mmasị na isiokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ka Saụt Afrịka bịara na-anọpụ iche na mba ụwa n'ihi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọ gbara ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dịka Eugène Terre'Blanche, Winnie Mandela, Denis Worrall, na Mangosuthu Buthelezi ajụjụ ọnụ . <ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref> <ref name="jamb">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/how-we-met-1265666.html|title=How We Met – Jani Allan and Chief Buthelezi|work=[[The Independent]]|date=6 April 1997|first=Marcelle|author=Katz|accessdate=5 May 2010|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924173115/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/how-we-met-1265666.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="cos">{{Cite book|first=Nadine|author=Dreyer|title=A Century of Sundays: 100 Years of Breaking News in the Sunday Times, 1906-2006|year=2006|url=https://archive.org/details/centuryofsundays0000unse|publisher=Zebra}}</ref> ==== Mgbalị igbu mmadụ na ọpụpụ ==== Mgbe a nwara igbu mmadụ na ndụ ya na 1989, ndị ọrụ nzuzo dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ pụọ na South Afrika. Ọ maliteghachiri ọrụ n’akwụkwọ akụkọ Johannesburg n’ụlọ ọrụ ha dị na Lọndọn. Na London, Allan weputara kọlụm ọhụrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ aha ya bụ ''Jani na nnukwu'' akara mkpado ''Jani Allan - na-akọ akụkọ sitere na London'' . Mgbe ọ nọsịrị izu isii na Lọndọn, Allan laghachiri ịrụ ọrụ n’ọfis dị na Johannesburg. Mgbe otu izu laghachiri ọrụ, a gwara Allan ka ọ nyefee arụkwaghịm ya n'ihi na ọ "ghọọla akụkọ". Oge Allan nọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwụsịrị na Septemba 1989. === 1990–1996: London === Ka ọ na-erule 1990 Allan abụrụla onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe niile maka akwụkwọ akụkọ South Afrika kwa izu, ''Scope'', na-ewepụta kọlụm ''Jani Allan'' nke akpọrọ onwe ya site na ntọala ya na London. <ref>''Scope''. 30 November 1990. Volume 25, No. 24</ref> Na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ihe ịga nke ọma ya, ''Scope'' nwere mgbasa ozi kachasị ukwuu nke magazin Bekee ọ bụla na South Afrika. <ref name="age">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8tdjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=1804,4700503&dq=scope+magazine+south+africa&hl=en Censor Board Censured] The Age. 22 May 1972</ref> Otu akwụkwọ Allan dere na 5 October 1990, mpịakọta 25, nọmba 20 na magazin ahụ bụ onye MP Dries Bruwer gosipụtara n'ihu ụlọ omeiwu South Africa na 1991 iji kwado okwu iwu. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gIxCAQAAIAAJ&q=jani+allan+scope&dq=jani+allan+scope&source=bl&ots=D5lThM93-0&sig=SfGDWnU1XCYtsJe3tn-F23NUx5Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1zRPUPyuO66N0wXEqYCYCA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwCA Debates of Parliament] Hansard. 1991. Volume 9, Issues 19-22</ref> <ref>[https://archive.today/20130627151858/http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dieburger/1991/05/30/17/10.html KP-boereleier en Jani Allan] Die Burger. 30 May 1991</ref> [[Usòrò:ZJuliet_with_Charlton_Heston_(cropped2).JPG|thumb| Allan na Charlton Heston na Hyde Park Hotel na 1990 maka ajụjụ ọnụ ''Sunday Times'' (UK)]] Na 1990, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ọha oge ụfọdụ <ref>Rayment, Tim. Princess Royal; Moscow? Just a date in Anne's quick-step. [[Sunday Times]], 27 May 1990</ref> maka London ''Sunday Times'' <ref>Allan, Jani. Men of the Year dinner: Pomp, circumstance and all the Right Stuff. [[Sunday Times]], 22 April 1990</ref> <ref>Allan, Jani. 142nd [[Royal Caledonian Ball]]: The dashing white princess. [[Sunday Times]], 27 May 1990</ref> wee gbaa ndị mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ dịka Charlton Heston maka akwụkwọ akụkọ <ref>Allan, Jani. My Style-Charlton Heston: Great sport with a line of heroic role models. [[Sunday Times]], 17 June 1990</ref> wee bipụta mpempe echiche maka akwụkwọ akụkọ. <ref>Allan, Jani. British determination to acquire a suntan; Is this the end of burning ambition?. [[Sunday Times]], 6 May 1990</ref> O mechara rụọ ọrụ maka onye mgbasa ozi SABC na onye nta akụkọ, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Cliff Saunders nke London wee gbaa ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Afrika na ndị Europe ajụjụ ọnụ dịka Jean-Marie Le Pen . The London ''Evening Standard'' bipụtara Allan ebe o bipụtara akụkọ banyere onye mbụ na-ajụ ajụjụ George Carman ọhụrụ ikpe, nke Carman na-agbachitere ''ndị mmadụ'' megide okwu nkwutọ Mona Bauwens weghaara. <ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/diary-1551528.html Diary-opinion] [[The Independent]]. 15 September 1992</ref> O dekwara akwụkwọ maka ''The Spectator'' ebe ọ kọwara Carman dị ka "obere ferret gbagọrọ agbagọ". <ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/jani-allan-bites-back-at-ferret-1541792.html Jani Allan bites back at 'ferret'] [[The Independent]]. 22 August 1992</ref> <ref>[http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/22nd-august-1992/13/a-ham-that-cant-be-cured A Ham that can't be Cured] The Spectator. 21 August 1992</ref> Allan bipụtara mpempe echiche na ''Daily Mail'' na British Conservative magazine ''The Salisbury Review'', ma mee nyocha maka ma nye aka na magazin mgbochi fascist ''Searchlight'' . Akwukwo nke etinyegoro n'esemokwu n'oge okwu nkwutọ n'ihi ọdịnaya ya bu aha ''White Sunset'' ma nwee ndi otu aka nri na South Afrika a dika isiokwu ya. Akpọrọ ya na 1988 n'oge mkpakọrịta ya na Terre'Blanche. N'afọ 1992, onye ọrụ ya kọwara ya na mgbasa ozi Britain dịka "nleba anya nke ukwuu na nkewa nke ọha ndị ọcha na South Afrika " nke gosipụtara "akụkọ na-efe efe na mgbidi". <ref name="tri" /> A hụla ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ wee mepụta nka mkpuchi mana emechabeghị ọrụ ahụ. <ref name="indie"/> <ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/diary-1540054.html Diary] ''[[The Independent]]''. 13 August 1992</ref> Ọ mechakwara ''ụgbọ ala ngwa ngwa gaa Ventersdorp'', nlele anya satirical na ntinye aka ya na Terre'Blanche. E jiri ya tụnyere ụdị nke Tom Sharpe na n'okwu mmalite ọ kọwara na o dere ya n'ihi na "Achọrọ m ịhapụ ihe gara aga n'azụ m." <ref name="tri">Wavell, Stuart. "The trials of Jani Allan", ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', 9 August 1992. p.5/1</ref> Na 1995, o nyere SABC ajụjụ ọnụ oge mbụ. <ref name="ba">{{Cite web|url=http://70.84.171.10/~etools/newsbrief/1995/news0103|title=Jani Allan – Born Again Christian|publisher=[[South African Press Association|Sapa]]|date=2 January 1995|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927173909/http://70.84.171.10/~etools/newsbrief/1995/news0103|archivedate=27 September 2007}}</ref> === 1996 &#x2013; 2001: laghachi na South Africa === Nlaghachi Allan na South Afrika na 1996 bụ mpụtara na mkpuchi akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Style'' na ajụjụ ọnụ miri emi. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ọrụ dịka onye ọbịa na Cape Talk Radio, ihe ngosi redio nke Cape Town ma malite ihe ngosi ya ''Jani's World'', nke na-eme na mgbede Fraịde n'etiti elekere itoolu na etiti abalị. Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ntụrụndụ a ma ama pụtara na ihe ngosi ya gụnyere Constand Viljoen ., Rhodesian Premier Ian Smith na Faye Dunaway . <ref name="jw">[http://www.iol.co.za/?set_id=1&click_id=1663&art_id=ct20001024111011540J500401 Jani Allan fired - and she's the last to know] [[Cape Argus]]. 24 October 2000</ref> The ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' toro ụzọ nke ọdịnaya ""enweghị guts enweghị ebube" si emepụta nnọkọ na-enye ume ọhụrụ, nke mara mma. <ref>[http://www.mg.co.za/article/1997-10-23-stars-shine-on-cape-talk-radio Stars shine on Cape Talk Radio] ''Mail & Guardian''. 23 October 1997</ref> N'oge na-adịghị ka o guzobechara ihe ngosi redio na Cape Town, MWEB nyere ya nkwekọrịta ka ọ malite webụsaịtị "CyberJani" nke nwere kọlụm kwa izu, ibe akwụkwọ ozi na nkata ndụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jaywalk.com/kev/design/Design3.htm|title=Jani Allan on Mweb|date=1 January 1998|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713092335/http://www.jaywalk.com/kev/design/Design3.htm|archivedate=13 July 2011}}</ref> Ozi ekwuru na kọlụm ahụ bụ inye "eziokwu niile na-adabaghị ibipụta ma kpasuokwa aka ekpe, aka nri na etiti". <ref name="mgcomeback">[http://www.mg.co.za/article/1998-02-13-charl-blignautcultural-sushi Charl Blignaut:Cultural sushi] ''Mail & Guardian''. 13 February 1998</ref> Allan lebara isiokwu dị iche iche anya dị ka ihe mmegide na ihe gbasara okike. <ref name="mgcomeback" /> O bipụtakwara akwụkwọ ndekọta ọha. <ref>"How High T'Moon". Noseweek. Issue #25, 1 December 1998.</ref> Na 1998, Allan pụtara na SABC ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, ''Red Jacket'' iji kwurịta onye na-ese ihe na South Africa dabeere na [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]], Vladimir Tretchikoff mara maka eserese ''[[Chinese Girl]]'' . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120222224716/http://www.ngsw.org/~afrmedia/php/showfilm.php?id=32516 Red jacket] African Media Program</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere ihe ngosi ihuenyo ọzọ dị ka ihe nlereanya Parisian na ihe nkiri Pieter-Dirk Uys, ''Going Down Gorgeous'' . <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTkzWrmWLqY Going Down Gorgeous EP11; The Class of 50-Something] YouTube. Retrieved on 28 October 2017</ref> Ihe ngosi redio nke Allan, ''Jani's World'' ghọrọ otu n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ elu kachasị ewu ewu, mana ọ dọtara esemokwu na Septemba 1999 mgbe Allan gbara onye America aka nri Keith Johnson nke Militia nke Montana ajụjụ ọnụ. Johnson kwuputara ọtụtụ arụmụka na mkparị. Allan wepụrụ onwe ya n'echiche Johnson wee rịọ mgbaghara maka mmejọ ndị Juu na-ege ntị. <ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:JoxSn_9NLksJ:www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/2000_11_SouthAfrica.pdf+jani+allan+filetype:pdf&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESj1XUpIMrvM5h9hfkE6oon_pjW-jH1uoZddwx2dI0senk2bzF2KoqtLLnsRUqMmipvLxdkztIKiElFNpNtFQR79spzrE4bx_ui28P0ghSMB0Dhmpawlw0Zf5VeJ1cj-nrCItGyR&sig=AHIEtbQbnU-S7dZEuBY0VLB4lMc83Qbs9w AJA Archive] AJA. Retrieved 14 July 2010</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|first=David Singer|author=Lawrence Grossman|year=2000|title=American Jewish Year Book 2000|url=https://archive.org/details/americanjewishye0100lawr|publisher=Amber Jewish Committee}}</ref> N'ihi mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma sitere n'aka ndị na-ege ntị n'otu n'otu yana site na Kọmitii Ndị nnọchiteanya ndị Juu South Afrika <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=7&click_id=90&art_id=ct19991103203712988B212275|title=Station to apologise for Jani's gaffe|work=[[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]]|date=3 November 1999}}</ref> a gwara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ rịọ mgbaghara ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị. Allan hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ redio na October 2000. Na 2000 &#x2013; 2001, ọ bụ onye na-ede okwu maka Buthelezi. <ref name="retmg"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifp.org.za/|title=Inkatha Freedom Party}}</ref> === 2001–2012: United States === N'etiti 2004 na 2005, Allan dere n'efu maka aha ndị dị ka WorldNetDaily . Dị ka mmasị onwe onye, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na- agụ kpakpando e bipụtara . Na 2006, e bipụtara kọlụm Terre'Blanche nke Allan na-arụrịta ụka n'akwụkwọ ''A Century of Sundays: 100 Years of Breaking News in the Sunday Times'' . Akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere nkọwa nke okwu nkwutọ na akụkọ akụkọ gbasara ikpe ahụ. <ref name="cos"/> [[Usòrò:Jani_Allan_phones_home.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Mpempe akwụkwọ nkwado maka ajụjụ ọnụ M&G na Allan na Ọktoba 2013]] === 2013– dị ugbu a: ''Jani nzuzo'' na onye nweere onwe ya === Na 2013, a bịakwutere Allan dị ka isiokwu maka isiokwu magazin na-esote "akara ngosi mgbasa ozi ụnyaahụ". <ref>[http://themediaonline.co.za/2013/02/what-happened-to-yesterdays-media-icons/ What happened to yesterday’s media icons?] 18 February 2013</ref> Na nso nso a Allan abawanyela mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ya, na-esonye na Twitter <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/JaniAllan|title=Jani Allan (@JaniAllan) - Twitter}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-05-07-the-gupta-gollyword-glossary/#.UZ1ta0rujFI The Gupta Gollyword Glossary] Daily Maverick. 7 May 2013</ref> na-ebipụta blọgụ ọhụrụ akpọrọ ''My Grilling Life'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mygrillinglife.wordpress.com/|title=My Grilling Life - Jani Allan}}</ref> Ọ na-edekarị akwụkwọ satirical banyere ahụmahụ ya na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ebe ọ na-arụbu ọrụ. N'October 2013, ọ bụ isiokwu nke mpempe akwụkwọ profaịlụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' akpọrọ "Nlaghachi nke Jani Allan". Allan mara ọkwa na akwụkwọ akụkọ a ọhụrụ mgbasa ozi oru ngo, mmekọrịta biography oru ngo banyere ndụ ya na South Afrika. <ref name="retmg"/> Na njikọ ọ malitere ọhụrụ webụsaịtị aha onwe. Na 16 Ọktoba, Allan mere ngosi ihe omume redio ụtụtụ na ihe nkiri Redi Thlabi, na-agbasa na redio nke Johannesburg 702 na Cape Town Cape Talk . Na 27 October, a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na Allan bipụtara na ngalaba Business Times nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Sunday Times'' . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220614220241/http://www.bdlive.co.za/businesstimes/2013/10/27/a-tragic-figure-in-spite-of-high-life A tragic figure in spite of high life] Business Times. 27 October 2013</ref> Na Septemba 2014, ''Dekat'', magazin ndụ South Africa dị elu, nke e bipụtara n'asụsụ Bekee na Afrikaans gosipụtara kọlụm nke Allan. Ogidi Allan bụ akụkụ nke mbipụta magazin ahụ n'afọ 1980 ma bụrụ akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Allan nye onwe ya na-eto eto. N'October 2014, ''Daily Maverick'' bipụtara kọlụm Allan nke akpọrọ "M na-ajụ ịbụ nwa akwụkwọ mmado nke slut-shaming" nke Allan na-ewepụta okwu nke onye nchịkọta akụkọ City Press Ferial Haffajee kwuru . <ref name="maverick">[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2014-10-02-i-refuse-to-be-the-poster-child-of-slut-shaming/#.VC0ueWeSySr I refuse to be the poster child of slut-shaming] ''Daily Maverick''. 2 October 2014</ref> Onye nta akụkọ a na-akwanyere ùgwù na onye na-akwado mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, Charlene Smith kwadoro kọlụm Allan. Smith kọwara ya dị ka "ihe dị mkpa, dị oke egwu" ma zoo aka na ntụaka Haffajee dị ka "n'echeghị echiche na obi ọjọọ". Smith gara n'ihu ịkọwa Allan dị ka "otu n'ime ndị edemede ukwu South Africa, ma ugbu a dị ka otu n'ime ọgbọ South Africa nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere obi ike na-ekwu okwu n'olu dara ụda na n'ụzọ doro anya banyere mmerụ ahụ ha na-enweta." <ref name="maverick" /> Mgbe ọnwa ahụ gasịrị, akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrikaans, ''Rapport'' bipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Allan. <ref>[http://www.netwerk24.com/stemme/2014-10-26-staan-in-die-hoekie-oscar?vc=793f1a369cf60245e86a8ccca144d476 ‘Staan in die hoekie, Oscar’] Rapport. 26 October 2014</ref> Na 1 Jenụwarị 2015, onye ọrụ mbụ ya, ''Sunday Times'' bipụtara olile anya ya maka 2015 na njirimara nke na-elekwasị anya na South Afrika Twitterati, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi kachasị ewu ewu. <ref>[http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2015/01/01/talking-about-a-resolution-sa-s-twitterati-share-their-2015-hopes Talking about a resolution: SA's Twitterati share their hopes for 2015] Sunday Times. 1 January 2015</ref> Na June 2015, ''Daily Maverick'' bipụtara akwụkwọ op-ed Allan na mgbaghara. <ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2015-06-11-on-forgiveness/#.VZVuMROqqko On Forgiveness] Daily Maverick. 11 June 2015</ref> June hụkwara mbipụta nke kọlụm ndị ọbịa nke Allan na ''The Big Issue'' South Afrika nke a na-ere ahịa dị ka kọlụm Just Jani Allan n'ihu mkpuchi. Na Julaị 2015, Allan ghọrọ onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe niile na ''BizNews'' . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150722180039/http://www.biznews.com/category/columnists/jani-allan/ Jani Allan: Hangover in New Jersey after my ever-so-exciting SA book tour] BizNews.com. 21 July 2015</ref> Na Nọvemba 2015, ''Daily Maverick'' bipụtara akwụkwọ op-ed Allan banyere nwanyị na omenala ewu ewu. Ọkammụta Cape Town, Rhoda Kadalie toro akụkụ "edemede nke ọma" "na nwanyị n'ihi na ọ bụ n'ezie arụmụka n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Jani na-akpakọrịta njikọ nke agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, akụ na ụba na ịma mma dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na nkatọ ya dị irè." <ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2015-11-05-women-are-still-commodities-beauty-still-skins-deep-and-push-up-bras-are-still-required/ Women are (stil) commodities, beauty (still) skins deep and push-up bras are (still) required] Daily Maverick. 5 November 2015</ref> E bipụtara kọlụm Allan maka mbipụta pụrụ iche kwa afọ nke ''Big Issue South Afrika'' na Disemba 2015. N'otu ọnwa ahụ Daily Maverick bipụtara kọlụm akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe nke Allan na-ekesa na onye nchịkọta akụkọ mbụ ya, Tertius Myburgh . Allan dere kọlụm na-eso mkpughe nke ọtụtụ ebubo nledo megide Myburgh. <ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2015-12-04-an-open-letter-to-daddy-dearest-tertius-myburgh/#.VmK1zTZOdrQ An open letter to Daddy dearest, Tertius Myburgh] Daily Maverick. 4 December 2015</ref> N'August 2018, o dere akụkọ mkpuchi maka mgbakwunye ''Weekliks'' nke ''Rapport'' wee kọwapụta ahụmịhe ya zutere Magnus Malan nwụrụ anwụ n'ihi asịrị nke Bird Island. <ref>[https://www.netwerk24.com/Stemme/Aktueel/ek-dag-dis-net-stories-van-n-dronkie-20180811 'Ek dag dis net stories van 'n dronkie'] Rapport. 12 August 2018</ref> N'October nke otu afọ ahụ, o dere akwụkwọ dị ogologo maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Fair Lady'' banyere alụmdi na nwunye ya nke abụọ. <ref>https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/fairlady/20181001/281771335078514 'The hell of an abused woman can never be written about enough'. Fair Lady. October 2018</ref> N'April 2019, ''Rapport'' bipụtara mpempe ọbịa nke Allan maka ntuli aka izugbe South Africa 2019 na-abịa. Na mpempe akwụkwọ, Allan kwupụtara nkwado maka Helen Zille na Mangosuthu Buthelezi . Na 2020, Allan ejirila oge niile dee akwụkwọ maka ''Rapport'' . Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtara mpempe akwụkwọ akụkọ Allan maka Sol Kerzner na mpempe o dere gbasara COVID-19 na United States, akụkọ mkpuchi abụọ maka mgbakwunye ''Weekliks'' . O dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ebubo mwakpo mmekọahụ Joe Biden na ngagharị iwe Black Lives Matter na United States. '''RT (Russia Taa)''' N'April 2020 Allan malitere ide ogidi echiche maka RT (nke bụbu Russia Today), netwọkụ TV Russia na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi. '''''Jani Confidential''''' N'ajụjụ ọnụ Allan na ihe si na ya memoirs, ''Jani Confidential'' e bipụtara na February 2015 mbipụta nke ''Fair Lady'', ihe iconic ụmụ nwanyị magazin na South Africa. Na ngwụcha izu nke 28–29 Maachị, ''The Weekend Argus'' na akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrikaans- ''Rapport'' mere Jani Confidential na 29 Maachị 2015. <ref>[http://www.netwerk24.com/stemme/2015-03-29-jani-allan-spoel-haar-mond-uit Jani Allan spoel haar mond uit] Rapport. 29 March 2015</ref> Ndị ''Sunday Tribune'' na ''Sunday Independent'' bipụtakwara serializations. Na 30 Maachị, ''The Star'' bipụtara ihe ewepụtara na akwụkwọ ahụ. <ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/jani-allan-book-extract-1.1838695#.VSAt0NyUeSp Jani Allan book extract] The Star. 30 March 2015</ref> Marika Sboros, onye bụbu onye nta akụkọ ''Rand Daily Mail'', na-edezi BizNews, enyochala ihe ncheta Allan nke ọma. "Edere ihe ncheta Allan nke ọma, na-ejikọta ya na ụdị njirimara ya: nkenke nke nta akụkọ gbasara ịwa ahụ, ịmepụta ihe, ịta ahụhụ, obi ụtọ, na ọchị ojii na-achọ onwe ya dị ka ndị ọzọ." Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwu, sị: "Enwere eziokwu na-enweghị isi, na-egbu mgbu na nkwuwa okwu n'ụdị ihe omume ya na obere nkọwa ya, njikọ siri ike n'oge niile." Sboros na-aga n'ihu site n'ịja mma ọdịdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ihe ncheta ahụ, na-ekwu maka ịkwụwa aka ọtọ nke nzụlite ọcha ya nwere mmasị: "Ọ na-abịa dị ka ihe ọ bụ n'oge ahụ: ọ bụghị naanị nwa ọhụrụ, kama nwa ebu n'afọ n'ọhịa nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke South Africa." <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150327150947/http://www.biznews.com/health/2015/03/23/jani-allan-a-memoir-on-the-psychology-of-sex-power-betrayal-and-slut-shaming/ Jani Allan memoir: the psychology of sex, power, betrayal and ‘slut shaming’] BizNews. 23 March 2015</ref> Onye nta akụkọ Redio 702, Jenny Crws-Williams nwekwara ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, na-ekwu na ọ "ga-abụrịrị onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma: edere nke ọma, na-akpali akpali, na-akpa ọchị & na-atụ egwu n'otu nnukwu cracker na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè." <ref>[https://www.facebook.com/129444503794039/photos/a.513793032025849.1073741825.129444503794039/854020028003146/?type=1 Jenny Crws-Williams update on Jani Confidential] Facebook. Retrieved on 4 April 2015</ref> Allan onye bụbu onye ọrụ ibe ''Sunday Times'' Gus Silber kọwara ihe ncheta ahụ dị ka “Ọhụụ-karmady nke oke egwu. Akụkọ banyere oge. Agwa ya nke ọma na nke ọma." <ref>[https://twitter.com/gussilber/status/583294234545008640 Gus Silber Twitter status] Twitter. Retrieved on 4 April 2015</ref> Rebecca Davis, onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ dị elu na ''Daily Maverick'' kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka "n'ezie, na-adọrọ mmasị n'ezie." <ref>[https://twitter.com/becsplanb/status/583762658161229824 Rebecca Davis Twitter status] Twitter. Retrieved on 4 April 2015</ref> N'ịde na ''Daily Maverick'' Marianne Thamm kwughachiri echiche Sboros na ebubo e boro Terre'Blanche abụghị eziokwu. Thamm na-akọwa N'ajụjụ ọnụ a na Terre'Blanche dị ka "aghọtahieghị", ngwá ọrụ na "njọ a rụpụtara." Ọ na-eto akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ dị ka "na-enyocha eziokwu ya na nghọta ya, ihe ọchị na enweghị mgbaghara." Thamm na-aga n'ihu, sị: "Ọ bụ ihe osise nke oge na ebe, na-adọrọ mmasị (na ọtụtụ mgbe) nke nwanyị jidere bụ onye na-anọgide na-abụ otu n'ime ndị edemede kachasị nkà na-apụta n'afọ iri ahụ." Thamm kwubiri na "Allan n'onwe ya bụ onye lanarịrịnụ, otu n'ime ndị ahụ, na-efunahụ ya niile, nwetara onwe ya na ndị ọzọ." <ref name="thamm"/> A nabatakwara akwụkwọ akụkọ Allan nke ọma na akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrikaans. Nyocha akwụkwọ Herman Lategan pụtara na ''Volksblad'', ''Beeld'' na ''Die Burger'' . Lategan dere na "ndị enyi Judas" raara Allan n'ihi ekworo nakwa na "mgbasa mgbasa ozi ndị nna ochie na chauvinistic mesoro ya ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi". Ọ na-arụ ụka na Allan nyere mgboagha obodo ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe ka ọ bụ onye e lekwasịrị anya dị ka nwanyị "na-ekwu okwu" n'ọha ọha. Ọ dabara n'ụdị ụmụ nwanyị na-achọghị mgbanwe na South Africa dịka ọ bụ "ngwakọta ọnụ nke Sandton kugel, Mata Hari, Marlene Dietrich na Camilla Parker Bowles ". Lategan na-akọwa ihe ndekọ ahụ dị ka "akwụkwọ akụkọ aghụghọ, obi ọjọọ na enyo na obodo South Africa". <ref>[http://www.netwerk24.com/vermaak/2015-04-13-jani-confidential-briljante-joernaal-van-ontheemding Jani Confidential: Briljante joernaal van ontheemding] Beeld. 13 April 2015</ref> Len Ashton, Allan onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ ''LifeStyle'' na ''Sunday Times'' tụlere Jani Confidential maka akwụkwọ akụkọ South Africa, ''Noseweek'' . Ashton dere na ''Jani Confidential'' bụ "ihe ncheta na-atụgharị ibe. Ndị maara onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ n'ime mmeri ya gara aga ga-ama jijiji site na akụkọ ntachi obi dị ịtụnanya. Na ihe ọchị." Ashton na-egosipụtakwa nyocha ndị ọzọ site n'imebi ebubo okwu ahụ megide "nwanyị na-adọrọ mmasị" [Allan] dị ka "ele PC na-enweghị ọchị." <ref>[http://www.noseweek.co.za/article/3449/Books-Comeback.-Second-helping Books: Comeback. Second helping] Noseweek. 1 May 2015</ref> ==== Oscar Pistorius ==== Na 14 Eprel 2014, Allan bipụtara akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe nye Oscar Pistorius . <ref>[http://janiallan.com/2014/04/14/letter-oscar/ http://janiallan.com/2014/04/14/letter-oscar/ Letter to Oscar] janiallan.com. 14 April 2014</ref> Allan kọwara kpakpando egwuregwu ahụ dị ka "dike faux" ma tụọ aro na o meela nkuzi ime ihe n'ịkwadebe maka ọbịbịa ya n'ụlọikpe. Allan jirikwa Pistorius tụnyere Eugène Terre'Blanche, "E bepụ Terre'blanche n'otu akwa ahụ dị ka gị, Oscar." Allan gara n'ihu na-akatọ ụzọ ndụ Pistorius dị ka "ala tọgbọrọ chakoo nke jupụtara n'ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka dị oké ọnụ ahịa na omume recidivist." Kọlụm Allan gara malitere ịrịa ma ''Daily Maverick'', <ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2014-04-15-letter-to-oscar/#.U0z5EVWSySo Letter to Oscar] Daily Maverick. 15 April 2014</ref> ''The Citizen'', ''Biz News'', na weebụsaịtị webụsaịtị ndị ọzọ bipụtara ya. Aha mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ dịka ''Beeld'' kọkwara kọlụm a. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140417095717/http://www.beeld.com/nuus/2014-04-15-jani-allan-vergelyk-oscar-met-et-in-ope-brief Jani Allan vergelyk Oscar met ET in ope brief] Beeld. 15 April 2014</ref> ''Globe na Mail'' nke Canada kọkwara maka mmetụta nke kọlụm ahụ, na-ebipụta okwu na njikọ na ederede zuru ezu. <ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/public-growing-more-skeptical-as-pistorius-testimony-wraps-up/article18035377/ Public growing more skeptical as Pistorius testimony wraps up] The Globe and Mail. 16 April 2014</ref> Akụkọ ahụ adọtawokwa uche na United States, na akụkọ na-apụta na ''New York Post'', <ref>[https://nypost.com/2014/04/20/pistoris-took-acting-lessons-before-crying-on-stand/ Pistorius took ‘acting lessons’ before crying on stand] New York Post. 20 April 2014</ref> ''Time'', <ref name="time1">[http://time.com/71622/oscar-pistorius-denies-acting-lessons/ Oscar Pistorius Denies Taking Pre-Trial Acting Lessons] TIME. 22 April 2014</ref> UPI <ref>[http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2014/04/21/Report-Oscar-Pistorius-took-acting-lessons-for-his-days-in-court/6811398096140/ Report: Oscar Pistorius took acting lessons for his 'days in court'] UPI. 21 April 2014</ref> na na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Perez Hilton . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140424231152/http://perezhilton.com/fitperez/2014-04-21-oscar-pistorius-taking-acting-lessons-murder-trial Did Oscar Pistorius Take Acting Lessons Before His Court Date?! Read the Shocking Allegations Here!] Perez Hilton. 21 April 2014</ref> Na 21 Eprel 2014, Fox News kwusara ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Allan. Allan kwughachiri nkwenye ya na Pistorius ewerela nkuzi ime ihe ma gosipụta mmekọrịta ya na onye dị afọ 19 n'afọ ahụ. <ref>[http://video.foxnews.com/v/3492347894001/jani-allan-pistorius-took-acting-lessons-before-trial/#sp=show-clips Jani Allan: Pistorius took 'acting lessons' before trial] Fox News. 21 April 2014</ref> Onye na-ekwuchitere ezinaụlọ Pistorius agọnarị nzọrọ ahụ na Pistorius nwetara nkuzi ime ihe. Annelese Burgess, onye njikwa mgbasa ozi maka ezinụlọ Pistorius kwuru na nkwupụta a bụ "akụkọ ifo" na "enweghị eziokwu ọ bụla". <ref name="time1"/> Burgess gara n'ihu na "Anyị na-ajụ n'ụzọ siri ike ọdịnaya nke akwụkwọ ozi ya gbasara onye ahịa anyị wee gọnarị na onye ahịa anyị enwetala nkuzi omume ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ụdị nkuzi mmụọ ọ bụla." <ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/oscar-pistorius-trial-athletes-family-denies-he-took-acting-lessons-before-taking-stand-9273625.html Oscar Pistorius trial: Athlete's family denies he took acting lessons before taking stand in court] The Independent. 22 April 2014</ref> A kọwo nkwupụta Allan na mba ụwa, na-apụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-akwanyere ùgwù dị ka France's ''Le Figaro'', <ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2014/04/22/97001-20140422FILWWW00091-pistorius-n-a-pas-pris-de-cours-de-theatre.php Pistorius n'a pas pris de cours de théâtre] Le Fiagro. 22 April 2014</ref> ''El País'' nke Spain <ref>[http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/04/22/gente/1398164090_950027.html Pistorius niega haber recibido clases para fingir emociones] El País. 22 April 2014</ref> na ''La Stampa'' nke Ịtali. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150113014501/http://www.lastampa.it/2014/04/22/esteri/pistorius-a-lezione-di-recitazione-per-il-processo-ma-la-famiglia-nega-xuO9WORJVDR0Cbez8wGDRP/pagina.html Pistorius "a lezione di recitazione per il processo", ma la famiglia nega] La Stampa. 22 April 2014</ref> Iberibe Allan metụtakwara usoro ikpe ahụ. Onye ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ Yvette van Schalkwyk kwuru na ya kpebiri ịgba akaebe na agbachitere Pistorius mgbe ọ gụchara ihe e kwuru banyere onye na-eme egwuregwu na mgbasa ozi. Van Schalwyk zoro aka na kọlụm Allan mgbe ọ kọwara ebumnobi ya: "Ihe kpasuru m iwe bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na ha kwuru na ọ nwere ọzụzụ ime ihe, na ọ na-eme ihe ngosi wee malite ịkwa ákwá mgbe ọ dị mkpa." ==== Nkwado ikike anụmanụ ==== Na soshal midia, Allan na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ anụmanụ". Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya gosipụtara nchegbu maka ihe gbasara ọdịmma anụmanụ. Na Nọvemba 2013 ọ lekwasịrị anya na foto esemokwu nke ụdị TV US na onye na-achụ nta iko Melissa Bachman, na-esepụta ya na ọdụm nwụrụ anwụ na South Africa. Allan kwuru okwu banyere foto a na mgbasa ozi ọha ma bipụta akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe nye Bachman. Ibe Allan wee malite viral, na-enweta ihe karịrị nde ibe peeji 1. <ref>[http://mygrillinglife.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/jani-writes-to-melissa-bachman/ Jani writes to Melissa Bachman] My Grilling Life. 18 November 2013</ref> Mgbe ọnwa ahụ gasịrị, ndị mgbasa ozi South Africa kọrọ banyere nkatọ Allan banyere Victor Matfield na Fourie du Preez ka ha abụọ bipụtachara foto zebra ha chụrụ. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220827073624/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/dead-lion-picture-stirs-negative-comments-victor-matfield Dead zebra picture stirs up negative comments for Victor Matfield] ENCA. 26 November 2013</ref> <ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/scitech/science/environment/boks-dragged-into-hunting-row-1.1612836 Boks dragged into hunting row] IOL. 27 November 2013</ref> Enwere ike ị nweta ntinye aka Allan na nkwado ikike ụmụ anụmanụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ na 1990s mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eweta ''Cape Talk'' na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Mweb'' . N'ikuku, ọ kwadoro ihe kpatara Lipizzan mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ uwe ime obodo chere mmechi. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka Group Rescue Animal Rescue. O wee kuziere ndị na-ege ya ntị banyere ihe egwu jọgburu onwe ya e mere megide ịnyịnya dịka akụkụ nke omume mmalite ndị otu na Western Cape. Ọ tụlekwara ọrụ nke Cape Horse Protection Society ma kpọọ ndị nnọchi anya na ihe ngosi ya. <ref name="ani">[http://mygrillinglife.wordpress.com/2013/06/15/germs-gross-and-abuse/ Germs, Gross and Abuse] My Grilling Life. 15 June 2013</ref> N'ime ihe ncheta Allan, ''Jani Confidential'' ọ na-enye ihe atụ maka otu anyị si emeso anụmanụ. Ọ na-akọwapụta obi ọjọọ nke ịkụ azụ Marlin - ebe ọ na-akọ banyere ihe omume ịkụ azụ Marlin maka ''Sunday Times'' . Ọ na-akatọkwa nke ịgba ehi na-akọ ahụmahụ ya nke ịbụ onye enyi nwoke mbụ kpọrọ ya na San Fermin na-agba ọsọ nke ememme ehi na Pamplona . <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXUj36AuaVY PRONTUIT: Polemiek – Jani Allan] Youtube. 23 April 2015</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Na 1973, Allan bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Witwatersrand mgbe ọ zutere di mbụ ya, onye isi ego na onye na-anakọta nkà, Gordon Schachat . Ha lụrụ na [[Mauritius]] na 1982 wee kee ụlọ na Linksfield Ridge, mpaghara ndị Juu gbagoro elu na mpaghara ugwu Johannesburg. Alụmdi na nwunye ha dị afọ abụọ kwụsịrị na ịgba alụkwaghịm na 1984. Allan kwuru na ọrụ ya na-eto eto dị ka ihe kpatara ya: "Ọkụlụ m na-achọsi m ike. M bu n'obi ịbụ onye nta akụkọ kacha mma na mba ahụ." <ref name="Allan, Jani 2015 pp. 46">Allan, Jani. (2015). ''Jani Confidential''. Jacana. pp. 46</ref> Ha nọgidere bụrụ enyi na Schachat kwadoro akaebe Allan na uwe nkwutọ 1992 ọ wetara megide Channel 4 na [[London]] . <ref name="indie2"/> Allan gwara ụlọikpe London na afọ asatọ ka alụmdi na nwunye ha gbasasịrị, Schachat bụ ezigbo enyi ya ma kọwaa njikọ ha dị ka "ndị ziri ezi n'oge adịghị mma." <ref>The Jani Allan Trial. ''Sunday Times'' (South Africa). 26 July 1992</ref> Mgbe ha gbasịrị alụkwaghịm, Allan rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eri nri na New Jersey. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-10-04-00-the-return-of-jani-allan|first=Rowan|author=Philp|title=The return of Jani Allan|work=Mail & Guardian|date=4 October 2013}}</ref> Na Julaị 2017, Allan dere kọlụm na-ekesa nke ọma gbasara ọnọdụ ego ya na afọ ndụ ya n'ebe ọrụ. BizNews bigharịrị kọlụm ya ma kwupụtakwa ya nke ọma na ndị nta akụkọ South Africa. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170819151717/http://www.biznews.com/thought-leaders/2017/07/27/jani-allan-finding-jobless-new-jersey/ The life of Jani Allan: Now jobless in New Jersey] BizNews. 27 July 2017</ref> Allan pụtara na ihu akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Sunday Times'' na ''Beeld'' . Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya tinyere peeji nke atọ maka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ha. N'August, Huisgenoot bipụtara profaịlụ na Allan. <ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2017-08-06-its-a-fresh-hell-jani-allen-opens-up-about-going-broke-and-getting-fired/ "It's a fresh hell": Jani Allen opens up about going broke and getting fired] Sunday Times. 6 August 2017</ref> <ref>[http://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Algemeen/geld-ingesamel-vir-platsak-jani-van-et-faam-20170731 Geld ingesamel vir platsak Jani van ET-faam] Beeld. 31 July 2017</ref> Na nzaghachi, ndị Fans Allan gbakọtara gburugburu ya wee malite GoFundMe iji kwado Allan n'ụzọ ego, na-ebuli ihe karịrị US $ 4000 maka onye na-ede akwụkwọ. <ref>[https://www.sapeople.com/2017/07/29/fundraising-for-south-african-journalist-jani-allan/ Fans Raise Funds for Celebrated SA Journo Jani Allan: Now ‘Jobless in New Jersey’] SAPeople. 29 July 2017</ref> === Eugène Terre'Blanche na okwu nkwutọ === Na Disemba 1987, a gwara ya na nnọkọ nchịkọta akụkọ ka ọ "gaa rie tii" ya na onye ndu ndị agha na-akwado aka nri Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging Eugène Terre'Blanche . O mechara kweta, "Anụbeghị m banyere ya" n'ihi na ọ bụghị "onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" nakwa na ọ bụ isiokwu dị ịtụnanya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ọ kọwara dị ka "ebe etiti". <ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref> Na 31 Jenụwarị 1988, ''Sunday Times'' bipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ Allan na Terre'Blanche maka kọlụm ''ihu na ihu'' Allan. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, Allan dere banyere mmasị ya na Terre'Blanche: "Ugbu a, aghaghị m ichetara onwe m ume iku ume . . . Akpọgidere m n'ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke anya ịfụfụ ya." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7DF1731F934A35753C1A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=5|title=Rumblings on the Right|work=[[New York Times]]|date=7 October 1990|first=Christopher S.|author=Wren|accessdate=5 May 2010}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na-ekwu na ọ ghọrọ "dike nke ụlọ akụkọ" n'ihi eziokwu ya, o mesịrị gwa onye nta akụkọ ''Sunday Times'' Stuart Wavell na ọ kwara ụta na-akọwa Terre'Blanche n'okwu ndị a, n'aghọtaghị nkwanye ùgwù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ga-agụ n'ime ha. Ọ rụtụrụ aka na enweghị ihe ọmụma ọ nwere banyere òtù nzuzo Adolf Hitler : "Ọ na-ada ụda nke ọma, mana a na-akụziri anyị akụkọ ihe mere eme South Africa nanị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ." Ọ bụ ezie na Wavell chọpụtara na okwu ndị ahụ adịghị mkpa ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ; "Ntụgharị nke ajụjụ ọnụ ya na-egosi mmasị maka asụsụ dị otú ahụ na-enweghị isi." <ref name="wav" /> Allan mechara gwa onye nta akụkọ na "Site na oge e bipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, ndụ m agwụla. O bibiri ọrụ m na South Africa." Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ so ndị AWB gaa ụfọdụ nzukọ ha ma kọọ akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'iwu nke onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya, Tertius Myburgh.<ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref> Izu abụọ ka e bipụtachara ajụjụ ọnụ 31 Jenụwarị 1988, ọ gara nzukọ AWB. Ndị nta akụkọ ụwa na-agakarị nnọkọ ahụ. Ndị ọrụ telivishọn sochiri ya. Allan mechara kwupụta ihe omume ahụ pụtara: "Abụ m onye nta akụkọ nkịtị na-aga ihe omume na ndị nta akụkọ ụwa; olee otú ha nwere ihe nkiri nke m ma ọ bụrụ na e meghị m? Igwefoto nọ n'ahụ m oge niile. "<ref name="wav" /> Ọzọ, ọ gbara onye isi AWB ajụjụ ọnụ maka ''Sunday Times'' na Nọvemba 1988, na ajụjụ ọnụ nke Sunday bipụtara mgbe ogbugbu Wit Wolf (Barend Strydom) gasịrị na Pretoria.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Allan|first=Jani|title=Face to Face [interview]|work=[[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]]|date=20 November 1988}}</ref> E kwuputara okwu ya n'ajụjụ ọnụ nke Jenụwarị mgbe enwere ịkọ nkọ banyere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, mgbe e sere ha foto ọnụ na Paardekraal Monument na Krugersdorp na 27 Disemba 1988. Mgbe nzukọ ahụ gasịrị, a na-ekwu na Terre'Blanche kụrụ BMW ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá Paardekraal Monument.<ref name="nyt"/> Ihe mberede a mere ka ndị uwe ojii na ndị mgbasa ozi pụta, e sere Allan na Terre'Blanche foto ọnụ na steepụ ncheta Paardekraal. Na Sọnde mbụ nke afọ 1989, ''Sunday Times'' bipụtara isiokwu dị n'ihu nke Allan dere n'isi okwu ya bụ "The REAL story of me and ET and the SAP". N'isiokwu ahụ, ọ gọnahụrụ ebubo mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị ma kwuo na ya na Terre'Blanche mere ndokwa izute ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ihe ncheta ahụ nakwa na e nyere ya ọrụ ime ihe ngosi na Paardekraal nke a tụgharịrị maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị na London. Terre'Blanche kwusiri ike na "Mmekọrịta mụ na ya bụ ọkachamara" ma nwee njikọ na mmekorita ya maka ọrụ akwụkwọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Allan|first=Jani|title=The REAL story of me and ET and the SAP|work=[[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]]|date=2 January 1989|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Beresford|first=David|title=Scandal shakes neo-Nazi leader|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2 January 1989|page=6}}</ref> N'ihi esemokwu ahụ, Allan bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri SABC nke Pieter Cilliers mepụtara n'afọ 1988. Allan tụlere ndụ ya ma kwuo banyere ebubo ahụ n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Carte Blanche'' co-presenter, Ruda Landman . A gbara ndị ọrụ ibe Allan dịka onye nkatọ ihe nkiri Barry Ronge ajụjụ ọnụ iji kwurịta ahụmịhe ha na Allan na-arụ ọrụ. Allan mechara kwuo banyere ihe omume Paardekraal n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na London ''Sunday Times'', na-ekwu na ọ dị ka "nhazi". Ọ kọwaara Stuart Wavell; "Ụgbọala ndị uwe ojii iri na ise pụtara ma amaghị m ndị uwe ojii ole. Ọ dị ka ihe nkiri. Agwara m ya, "M nọ na Candid Camera?".<ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti di na nwunye ahụ jụrụ oyi ma agha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ sochiri na ndị nta akụkọ, ebe Allan na-eme ihe iwu megide Terre'Blanche n'ihi mmekọrịta na-enye nsogbu ugboro ugboro.<ref>"Blonde bomshell rips into South Africa's neo-Nazis", ''Sunday Times'', 8 January 1989</ref> E debere ikpe nke ''crimen injuria'' megide Terre'Blanche na Machị 1989 metụtara ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị mebiri emebi, ebe a kpọrọ Allan dị ka onye akaebe ukwu maka steeti ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, a chọghị ka Allan gbaa akaebe, a tọhapụrụ Terre'Blanche. N'isi ụtụtụ nke 14 Julaị 1989, ebubo okwu na enyo na Allan bụ onye nledo duuru Cornelius Lottering, onye otu AWB otu Orde van die Dood, tinye bọmbụ n'èzí Jani Allan's Sandton . <ref>The Sunday Times (South Africa), 16 July 1989, p.1</ref> Bọmbụ ahụ gbawara n'ahụ́ mgbidi dị n'akụkụ ụlọ Allan ma mebie windo niile dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ ruo n'ala nke asaa mana ọ nweghị onye nwụrụ na mgbawa ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Allan kọrọ n'akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi n'ihu na mwakpo a bụ njedebe nke mkpọsa nke iyi egwu megide ya nke gụnyere ndị na-agba ọsọ n'èzí ụlọ ya na egwu ọnwụ telifon. E mechara mara Lottering ikpe maka igbu mmadụ ahụ. <ref name="nyt"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/amntrans/pta/lotteri1.htm|title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission|publisher=South African government|date=23 March 1998}}</ref> <ref>A complex resident, Debbi Rozowsky would later publish the book, ''Surviving Crime'' an account of the post-traumatic stress she endured following the blast and the solutions she sought.</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|first=Debbi|author=Rozowsky|year=2002|title=Surviving Crime|publisher=Anderson Publishers}}</ref> <ref>Beresford, David. Fates rise and fall on S African political see-saw. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 17 July 1989, p.10</ref> N'isiokwu nke ''Sunday Times'' bipụtara na 23 Julaị 1989, Allan chetara otu ihe omume dị ịrịba ama mgbe Terre'Blanche ji mmanya na-egbu ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ya dị larịị ma mesịa hie ụra n'ọnụ ụzọ nakwa na ọ ghaghị ịzọ ya n'ụtụtụ echi ya.<ref>Allan, Jani. ''Face to Face'', [[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]], 23 July 1989</ref> N'agbanyeghị mmegide ya, onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya, Myburgh, siri ọnwụ na ọ ga-ebipụta ozi igwe nzaghachi nke Terre'Blanche kwuru, ya na ịgọnahụ nke Allan na-ekwu maka ebubo ndị o kwuru megide ya. Allan kọrọ mkparịta ụka ya na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya "Mgbe bọmbụ ahụ gasịrị, ọ sịrị, 'N'ụzọ ziri ezi, anyị ga-ebipụta teepu.' Ekwuru m na echeghị m na nke ahụ ga-abụ ihe amamihe dị na ya, dịka ndị uwe ojii nchekwa gwara m na ndụ m ga-anọ n'ihe ize ndụ. O kwuru, sị, 'Anyị ga-afụ ha n'ime mmiri.' Ọ ka si n'ụzọ na-adọkpụ pụta maka azụ ya, e wee jiri ọnyá na-agba ọbara n'ihi nrụgide ahụ gbaga ụlọ ọgwụ.<ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref><ref>Allan, Jani. [[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]], 30 July 1989</ref><ref>Terre Blanche scandal: "Darlinkie" phone plea claim. [[The Times]]. 31 July 1989</ref> Allan gbagara Britain maka ihe nchekwa n'otu izu ahụ e bipụtara ihe odide ndị ahụ.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/jani-allan-libel-case-shadow-of-violence-hung-over-trial-1538391.html Jani Allan Libel Case: Shadow of violence hung over trial] [[The Independent]]. 6 August 1992</ref> Teepu ndị ahụ bụ akụkọ ''Sunday Times'' nke e bipụtara na 30 Julaị 1989 na isi okwu ihu 'JANI: MY ET TAPES'.<ref>Brooks, Jeremy. 'JANI: MY ET TAPES'. ''Sunday Times'' (South Africa). 30 July 1989</ref> N'ileghachi anya, n'ajụjụ ọnụ nke London ''Sunday Times'' bipụtara n'afọ 1990, Allan jụrụ ma ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya, Tertius Myburgh haziri mmekọrịta ya na Terre'Blanche.<ref name="wav">Wavell, Stuart. People: Jani Allan "Writer haunted by a hunk with blowtorch eyes" [Interview]. [[Sunday Times]]. 28 January 1990</ref> N'agbanyeghị na ọ ghọrọ "nwa agbọghọ nwere anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ" ọ jụrụ ma Myburgh ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ gọọmentị National Party iji kwatuo ndị aka nri.<ref name="wav" /> Ọtụtụ ndị nta akụkọ South Africa ekwuola na Myburgh na Bureau of State Security na 1970s na ụlọ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi ya na 1980s.<ref name="james">{{Cite book|first=James|author=Sanders|title=South Africa and the international media, 1972-1979|publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref name="sand">{{Cite book|first=James|author=Sanders|title=Apartheid's Friends: The Rise and Fall of South Africa's Secret Service|year=2006|url=https://archive.org/details/apartheidsfriend0000sand|publisher=John Murray}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, Allan gbara Channel 4, ''onye'' mgbasa ozi Britain akwụkwọ maka nkwutọ, na-ekwu na n'ihe nkiri The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife nke Nick Broomfield mere, e gosipụtara ya dị ka "nwanyị nwere omume ọma dị mfe".<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/channel-4-sued-1534463.html Channel 4 sued] The Independent. 21 July 1992</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/culture/microsites/W/wtc4/history/timeline.html|title=History Timeline|publisher=[[Channel 4]]}}</ref> N'etiti ihe ngosi nke foto site na oge mbụ nke Allan dị ka onye na-ese foto na ''Sunday Times'' hotara Broomfield kwuru na Jani Allan na Terre'Blanche nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ na ndị ọrụ ya na-eso AWB na ọrụ ya maka ihe nkiri ahụ nke nde mmadụ 2.3 na-ekiri Channel 4 lere.<ref>"Victim dragged into TV film 'for sex angle'", ''[[The Guardian]]''. 4 August 1992. p.2</ref> N'oge ikpe ahụ, Channel 4 gọnahụrụ ebubo na ha tụrụ aro na Allan na Terre'Blanche nwere mmekọahụ. Tupu ikpe ahụ, e nyere Allan £ 40,000 na ikpe n'èzí ụlọ ikpe site na magazin ''Evening Standard'' na Options n'ihi okwu na-atụ aro banyere ọdịdị nke mkpakọrịta Allan na Terre'Blanche.<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/jani-allan-fights-on-despite-300000-pounds-libel-costs-1538409.html Jani Allan fights on despite 300,000 pounds libel costs]" ''[[The Independent]]'', 6 August 1992</ref> Peter Carter-Ruck nọchitere anya Allan na ikpe ahụ, George Carman nọchitere anya Channel 4.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D07EFDE153AF93BA35752C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1|title=George Carman, Libel suit Whiz, dies|work=[[New York Times]]|date=8 January 2000|first=Warren|author=Hoge|accessdate=5 May 2010}}</ref> Carman kọwara ikpe ahụ dị ka ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ihi na ọ nwere "mmetụta mba ụwa, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọdịbendị".<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/apr/17/law.claredyer Judging history]" ''[[The Guardian]]'', 17 April 2000</ref> Ikpe ahụ kpalitere mmasị mgbasa ozi dị ukwuu na Britain na South Africa, na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ikpe pụtara na ndị nta akụkọ. Allan gwara Carman n'ụzọ a ma ama, "Ihe ọ bụla a na-enye maka nkwutọ, ịbụ onye ị na-enyocha agaghị eme ka ọ bụrụ ego zuru ezu. "<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/courtroom-14-the-owl-has-landed-1535309.html Courtroom 14: the Owl has landed]", ''[[The Independent]]'', 25 July 1992</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị akaebe si South Africa bịa.<ref name="cos"/> Terre'Blanche nyefere nkwupụta iyi n'ụlọ ikpe London na-agọnahụ na ya na Allan nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, na-ekwu "A ga-ahụ mgbalị ndị a niile iji mee ka mmekọrịta mụ na Miss Allan gabiga ókè n'ikpeazụ maka ihe ha bụ - ụyọkọ ụgha. "<ref name="indie3">"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/neonazi-denies-having-affair-with-journalist-1537366.html Neo-Nazi denies having affair with journalist]", ''The Independent'', 1 August 1992</ref> Okwu nke onye ya na ya na ya bi n'ụlọ, Linda Shaw, onye na-agụ kpakpando na ''Sunday Times'', mere ka ikpe Allan dị egwu. Shaw gbara akaebe n'ụlọ ikpe na Allan gwara ya na ya hụrụ Terre'Blanche n'anya ma chọọ ịlụ ya. O kwetara na ọ maara banyere mmekọrịta ahụ n'oge na Allan kọwara Terre'Blanche dị ka "nnukwu onye na-edina, mana ọ dị ntakịrị arọ".<ref name="CB">{{Cite web|url=http://www.carteblanche.co.za/Display/Display.asp?Id=3021|title=Century of Sundays|publisher=[[Carte Blanche (TV series)|Carte Blanche]]|date=3 May 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927033714/http://www.carteblanche.co.za/Display/Display.asp?Id=3021|archivedate=27 September 2006}}</ref> Allan jụrụ ebubo ndị a n'ụlọ ikpe, na-akọwa ọdịdị ahụ Terre'Blanche n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma: "Echere m mgbe niile na ọ dị ka ezì na uwe njem."<ref name="indie2"/> Shaw kọwara otú o si si banye n'oghere mkpịsị ugodi ma hụ Allan n'ọnọdụ nkwekọrịta ya na nnukwu nwoke. QC nke Allan, Charles Gray kagburu akaebe Shaw "nke na-agaghị ekwe omume" ma mesie ike na ọ gaghị ekwe omume nke nkwupụta ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwupụta na ebe ọhụụ ya site na oghere mkpịsị ugodi agaghị ezu iji kwado nkwupụta ya.<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/jani-allan-jury-asked-to-identify-enemy-of-truth-1538089.html Jani Allan jury asked to identify 'enemy of truth']", ''[[The Independent]]'', 4 August 1992</ref> Shaw gbakwara akaebe na ọnwa anọ ka e mesịrị, na Septemba 1988, ya na Allan ṅụrụ mmanya ma soro ya gaa nzute ya na Terre'Blanche n'elekere otu nke ụtụtụ. O boro ebubo na ọ na-ele anya site na mgbidi ka di na nwunye ahụ susuru ọnụ, makụọ ma kụọ aka ruo ọkara awa n'azụ ụgbọala Allan.<ref name="indie2">"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/journalist-denies-sex-with-neonazi-1534674.html Journalist denies sex with neo-nazi]", ''The Independent'', 22 July 1992.</ref> Terre'Blanche gọnahụrụ na ya zutere Shaw.<ref name="indie3"/> Allan boro ebubo na Shaw nwere mkpali ọjọọ maka ịgba akaebe megide ya, na-ekwu "ọ gwara ndị mmadụ na ọ na-echegbu onwe ya banyere m na nke ahụ bụ naanị ụzọ ọ ga-esi chụpụ m. Ọ bụ onye na-edina nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị n'ihu ọha. O kwetakwara na nkwupụta ahụ na Shaw bụ "onye ụgha na-abụkarị" ma gaa n'ihu "Enweghị m ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwoke ọ na-abanye n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ya ma kwuo na ọ ga-enwe ntụgharị n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ihi ụra ya".<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/courtroom-14-the-owl-has-landed-1535309.html Courtroom 14: the Owl has landed]", ''The Independent'', 25 July 1992</ref> Andrew Broulidakis, enyi nwata nke Allan nke makwaara Shaw, mere ka a jụọ àgwà nke ikpeazụ ahụ na nkwupụta e nyere ụlọ ikpe.<ref name="indie"/><ref name="indie2" /> Sebastian Faulks kwuru na ''The Guardian'': "Gịnị bụ nke na-eme ka George Carman baa uru £ 10,000 kwa ụbọchị mgbe ndị na-agba akaebe Andrew Broulidakis nwere ike ịzọ ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. "<ref>[[Sebastian Faulks|Faulks, Sebastian]]. "Cutting edge of the bewigged gladiators", ''The Guardian'', 10 August 1992</ref> Otu onye akaebe boro ebubo na Shaw zoro aka na Allan dị ka "nwanyị na-adịghị mma" ma ọ ga-abụ "eti mkpu" ka a kpọgide ya "nailed maka ndị Nazi na-eti ndị otu".<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/writer-in-love-after-meeting-neonazi-leader-1536575.html] ''The Independent'', 31 July 1992</ref> Shaw nwekwara ebubo na ọ kpachaara anya dị ime iji jide enyi nwoke.<ref>"[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=139&art_id=vn20100411085241117C417958 Jani betrayed]", ''Sunday Tribune'', 11 April 2010</ref> Odeakwụkwọ ego AWB bụ Kays Smit nyere akaebe ọzọ. Smit gbara akaebe na Allan kpọrọ ya n'ekwentị ka ọ bịa wepụ Terre'Blanche mmanya na-egbu n'ụlọ ya n'isi ụtụtụ n'otu ụtụtụ n'ihi na Allan na-atụ anya mmadụ ma na-echegbu onwe ya ịchụpụ ya. Smit gbara akaebe na ọ hụrụ Terre'Blanche n'elu ihe ndina Allan "na-agba ọtọ ma e wezụga jaket khaki n'ubu ya na uwe ime ya". Nkọwa ya banyere uwe ala Terre'Blanche na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke nwere oghere n'ime ha ghọrọ isi iyi nke ọtụtụ ịkwa emo na ndị nta akụkọ.<ref name="CB"/> Onye bụbu onye ọrụ ibe ya bụ Marlene Burger nyere akaebe ọzọ megide Allan, onye kwuru na Terre'Blanche tụrụ aro ka Allan na Eprel 1989. Dị ka Burger si kwuo, Allan nwere obi ụtọ ma rịọ Burger ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ ya. Gray zaghachiri na ebubo ndị ahụ "enweghị isi na ụgha na-abụghị eziokwu".<ref name="indie2"/> N'ụbọchị nke abụọ, e nyefere akwụkwọ akụkọ Allan n'afọ 1984 nye onye ndụmọdụ Carman ma jiri ya megide Allan na nyocha. Akwụkwọ edemede ahụ nwere nkọwa nke echiche mmekọahụ nke Allan banyere onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu Italian lụrụ di na nwunye aha ya bụ Ricardo ma mee ka obi abụọ dị na ọ na-ekwupụta na ọ bụ nwunye. Allan gwara ụlọ ikpe na mmekọrịta ya na Ricardo gụnyere naanị "ogo nke egwuregwu mmekọahụ". Onye ọka ikpe ahụ kwuru na nchọpụta ọ bụla na Allan ghaara ụgha banyere oke mmekọrịta a apụtaghị na ya na Terre'Blanche nwere mmekọahụ, onye ọ kọwara dị ka "nwoke dị nnọọ iche".<ref>''Jani Allan jury warned on damages''. ''The Guardian''. 5 August 1992. pp. 3</ref> Ndị uwe ojii nyochara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ furu efu, mana achọpụtara na a hapụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'ụlọ otu di na nwunye Bekee ha na Allan bi na 1989.<ref name="indie">"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/four-dirty-tricks-they-played-during-the-jani-allan-case-nick-cohen-and-david-connett-in-london-and-chris-mcgreal-in-johannesburg-peer-into-the-murky-background-surrounding-last-weeks-jani-allan-libel-case-1539331.html Four dirty tricks they played during the Jani Allan case: Nick Cohen and David Connett in London and Chris McGreal in Johannesburg peer into the murky background surrounding last week's Jani Allan libel case]", ''[[The Independent]]'', 9 August 1992</ref> Allan kpughere: "Anọ m n'ọnọdụ nhụjuanya ma edere m egwu m kachasị njọ ma eleghị anya ọchịchọ m kachasị njọ," na-aga n'ihu "Ọ bụ ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu mmekọahụ m. [...] Akwụkwọ edemede a na-eme ihere nke ukwuu. Edere m ya mgbe m nọ n'okpuru nlekọta uche. '<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/journalist-recorded-sex-life-in-notebook-1534909.html] ''The Independent'', 23 July 1992</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, di ya mbụ bụ Gordon Schachat nyere ihe akaebe na-akwado nkwupụta Allan kwuru banyere enweghị mmasị ya na mmekọahụ ma na-ezo aka na ya dị ka ihe kpatara mmebi nke alụmdi na nwunye ha.<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/journalist-in-libel-case-celibate-1535054.html Journalist in libel case 'celibate']", ''The Independent'', 24 July 1992</ref> Schachat jụkwara echiche na mgbasa ozi banyere onyinyo ya: "ọdịdị ọha na eze ya na-emegiderịta onwe ya na ezigbo àgwà ya", na-aga n'ihu ịkọwa ya dị ka "onye ihere". O kwusiri ike na ọ bụghị onye aka nri ma ọ bụ onye na-emegide ndị Juu.<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/witness-had-sex-to-help-libel-action-by-friend-1535936.html Witness had sex 'to help libel action by friend']", ''The Independent'', 28 July 1992</ref> N'ụbọchị nke iri na otu nke ikpe ahụ, a mara Anthony Travers, onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya Britain nke AWB na onye na-ekiri ụlọ ikpe ahụ mma. Otu onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ ikpe natara oku na-ekwu na a mara Peter Carter-Ruck, onye ọka iwu Allan, mma. Nke a sitere na ozi Travers nke dina n'okporo ụzọ. Ọ gwara onye na-agafe agafe 'gwa Carter-Ruck na a mara m mma'. Ọ gbasara ngwa ngwa na a mara Carter-Ruck mma, na-esote ịkọ nkọ na ọ bụ ya bu n'obi igbu.<ref name="indie"/><ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/man-stabbed-in-pub-near-jani-allan-court-hearing-1538082.html Man stabbed in pub near Jani Allan court hearing]", ''[[The Independent]]'', 4 August 1992</ref> N'oge ikpe ahụ, e zuru ụlọ Jani Allan na London. O kwuru na ọ natara iyi egwu ọnwụ na oku ekwentị n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ikpe. A wakporo ụlọ nkwari akụ nke onye na-emepụta Channel 4, Stevie Godson.<ref name="indie" /> Allan mechara merie ikpe ahụ na 5 Ọgọstụ 1992. Onye ọka ikpe ahụ chọpụtara na ebubo Channel 4 ekwuteghị Allan, ọ bụ ezie na ọ chọpụtaghị ma enwere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị.<ref name="CB"/> Ihe si na ya pụta nwetara nnukwu mgbasa ozi na South Africa na United Kingdom, na-apụta n'ihu peeji nke nnukwu akwụkwọ akụkọ asaa dịka ''The Times'', ''Daily Telegraph'', ''Independent'' na ''The Guardian'' . Akụkọ mechara pụta na Allan na-atụle ịrịọ arịrịọ nakwa na Terre'Blanche na-atụle ịgba onye mgbasa ozi ahụ akwụkwọ maka nkwutọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/allan-may-appeal-1538850.html|title=Allan may appeal|work=The Independent|date=7 August 1992}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/terreblanche-threatens-to-sue-channel-4-1539434.html|title=Terre-Blanche threatens to sue Channel 4|work=[[The Independent]]|date=10 August 1992}}</ref> N'ịgbaso ikpe ahụ, Allan kwughachiri nguzo ya "Anaghị m, ma ọ bụ mgbe m, na-etinye aka na Terre'Blanche".<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/quote-unquote-1539075.html Quote Unquote]", ''[[The Independent]]'', 8 August 1992</ref> Taki Theodoracopolous kwụrụ £ 5, 000 maka ndekọ ụlọ ikpe ma nye ha Allan dịka o kwenyere na "e jidere ya". N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ tụlere banyere ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ikpe ahụ. ''The Independent'' bipụtara nkọwa nke ihe ọ kpọrọ "aghụghọ rụrụ arụ" eji mee ihe n'oge ikpe nkwutọ ahụ. Allan tụrụ aro na ndị agha na-akwado gọọmentị na South Africa chọrọ ka ọ daa ikpe ahụ ka Terre'Blanche wee bụrụ "mebie n'ụzọ na-enweghị ngwọta" n'anya "ndị na-eso ụzọ Calvin na-atụ egwu Chineke". Nkọwa ọzọ bụ na AWB chọrọ izuru ihe odide nke akwụkwọ ọ na-ede banyere nzukọ ahụ. AWB megidere nkwupụta ndị a, ọ bụ ezie na Travers kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka "dynamite".<ref name="indie"/> ''Akwụkwọ'' akụkọ azụmahịa nke South Africa bụ Financial Mail bipụtara akụkọ ndu na 6 Ọgọstụ na-akọwapụta echiche na F.W. de Klerk haziri ikpe nkwutọ ahụ iji kwatuo Terre'Blanche na ndị otu aka nri na South Africa.<ref>"Jani Allan libel case: Misunderstanding and comic relief", ''[[The Times]]'', 6 August 1992, p.3</ref> N'oge ikpe ikpe ahụ, Allan malitere ọrụ ekwentị, na mgbasa ozi na-ekwe nkwa nghọta onye nta akụkọ banyere ndụ na ndị akaebe na-agbachitere, Linda Shaw, Marlene Burger na Kays Smit. The South African ''Sunday Times'' rịọrọ ombudsman ka ọ kwụsị ọrụ £ 1 kwa nkeji.<ref>''Jani Allan seeks revenge on libel witnesses with telephone titillation''. The Guardian. 10 August 1992</ref> Na Machị 1993, ''Die Burger'' kọrọ na Allan na-akparịta ụka maka arịrịọ nke a na-atụ anya na a ga-anụ n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị. N'ikpeazụ, a chọghị nke a. N'afọ 1995, n'oge mkparịta ụka ya na Cliff Saunders nke SABC na-agbasa, o kwuru "Ihe ndị bụ eziokwu nke okwu ahụ bụ [na] emeghị m ihe ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị akaebe a kwụrụ ụgwọ boro m ebubo. "<ref name="ba"/> N'oge na-adịghị anya, [[Lin Sampson]] gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ maka ''Playboy'' ma mee ka nghọtahie ya na ndị akaebe na-agbachitere ya sikwuo ike. N'isiokwu ahụ dị mma, Sampson kọwara ọnụma megide Allan dị ka "ihe ngosi mbụ n'ihu ọha nke ihe ga-abụ ọrịa uche ọhụrụ nke South Africa". E kwuru na ndị akaebe na-agbachitere ''Sunday Times'' na-ewe iwe na onye na-ebipụta ha, Times Media, bipụtara isiokwu ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gara n'ihu bipụta akụkụ nke ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ iji kwalite ahịa magazin nwanne ya nwanyị.<ref>"Jani Who", Issue 11, ''[[Noseweek]]'', March 1995</ref> N'akụkọ ndu ya na ''Cape Times'' nke e bipụtara n'afọ 1996, o kwuru banyere Terre'Blanche; "Ọ bụ Tyrannosaurus Rex ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ... di nwere nkpecked nke ga-ewepụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya tupu e kwe ka ọ banye na kichin nwunye ya dị ọcha; onye na-echegbu onwe ya nke na-ebu akwa Fiesta hairspray n'akpa uwe njem ya ... ".<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/1997-12-23-the-complete-mg-list-of-the-best-and-worst-in The complete M&G list of the best and worst in culture for 1997] ''Mail & Guardian''. 23 December 1997</ref> Na ihe nkiri BBC nke afọ 2002 ''Get Carman'': ikpe nke George Carman QC, e mere ihe nkiri ikpe Allan na ọtụtụ ikpe Carmen ndị ọzọ dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200204080039|title=Judgement day|publisher=[[New Statesman]]|date=8 April 2002}}</ref> Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Bekee bụ Sarah Berger gosipụtara Allan na mmepụta nke David Suchet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/735454?view=cast|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010081620/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/735454?view=cast|archivedate=2012-10-10|title=Cast: Get Carman: The Trials of George Carman QC|publisher=BFI [[British Film Institute]]}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' katọrọ olu Berger maka ọrụ ahụ dị ka "crude" na "caricature"-dị ka, n'adịghị ka nke Allan, nke a kọwara dị ka "nke a na-azụlite ma ọ bụghị nke siri ike nke South Africa".<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/10/law.socialsciences Suchet as Carman]", ''[[The Guardian]]'', 10 April 2002</ref> N'afọ 2012, nwanyị Terre'Blanche di ya nwụrụ, Martie gọrọ ebubo nke mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti di ya nwụrụ anwụ na Allan.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/et-was-no-monster-says-wife-1.1224680 ET was no monster, says wife] IOL. 1 February 2012</ref> N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2014, Andile Mngxitama, onye na-eme ihe ike nke ndị isi ojii na Economic Freedom Fighters gwara Allan okwu na kọlụm nke Mail & Guardian bipụtara. Mngxitama dere, sị: "Ekwenyere m na a tara ya [Allan] ahụhụ dịka akụkụ nke uche ndị ọcha n'ozuzu ya nke e mere iji zere ibu ọrụ site n'ịchụ otu onye ọcha ma ọ bụ abụọ n'àjà iji wepụ ndị ọzọ na ụta. E ji mkpakọrịta Allan na Terre'Blanche mee ihe dị ka usoro iji kwuo na omume dị elu ka ewepụ nchịkọta akụkọ maka mmegbu nke ndị isi ojii. Ọ bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi onye a na-enyo enyo. "<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2014-03-20-soapbox-why-whites-must-vote-for-the-eff Soapbox: Why whites must vote for the EFF] ''Mail & Guardian''. 20 March 2014</ref> === Ebubo ndị nledo === N'afọ 2000, akụkọ pụtara na onye ọrụ Allan na London na onye nta akụkọ SABC, Cliff Saunders nọ na esemokwu ịkwụ ụgwọ na ndị ọrụ ọgụgụ isi nke South Africa maka ọrụ ndị e nyere n'oge gara aga. Dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, Saunders nwetakwara onye nta akụkọ ọzọ, nke e kpughere na ọ bụ Allan ka ọ leba anya na ọrụ nke Inkatha Freedom Party na 1995–1996.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/cliff-saunders-denies-spy-allegations-1.28743#.UZ1gO0rujFI Cliff Saunders denies spy allegations] IOL. 19 February 2000</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/feb/17/chrismcgreal Expenses claim exposes agent] ''The Guardian''. 17 February 2000</ref> Allan zaghachiri ebubo ndị a na ide otu isiokwu maka ''The Sunday Independent'' ebe o kwetara na ọ bụ "onye nledo na-amaghị ama" na London.<ref name="jamb"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=ct20000227222234900S1258|title=Allan claims she was an 'unwitting' spy|publisher=[[Cape Times]]|date=27 February 2000}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hsf.org.za/publications/focus-issues/issues-11-20/issue-17/the-future-of-the-nia/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120802025354/http://www.hsf.org.za/publications/focus-issues/issues-11-20/issue-17/the-future-of-the-nia/|archivedate=2 August 2012|title=The future of the NIA: Clumsy spying operations and high-level corruption have undermined trust in the intelligence service.|publisher=[[Helen Suzman Foundation]]|date=17 March 2000}}</ref> Allan kpughere na ya kwenyere na ya na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye nyocha na onye nta akụkọ na Newslink International, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi. Kama ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka Geofocus SA, ụlọ ọrụ n'ihu na-elekwasị anya na nledo. Allan malitere enyo enyo maka njikwa ego na maka itinye uche na nyocha ya banyere otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nku aka nri. Allan nwere ike ịbanye n'ime faịlụ kọmputa Saunders mgbe ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nwa oge ma ọ gbanweeghị koodu ahụ. Allan mere nnomi nke faịlụ ma nye ha dị ka ihe akaebe na ''akụkọ Sunday Independent'' ya. Faịlụ ndị ahụ gosipụtara na ọ chọrọ ịbanye na IFP site na enyi Allan na Mangosuthu Buthelezi . A na-atụkwa anya na Allan ga-azụlite mmekọrịta ya na onye isi ndụmọdụ Buthelezi, Mario Oriani-Ambrosini . Na mbipụta ọzọ, Saunders degaara ndị ọrụ ọgụgụ isi akwụkwọ; "N'ihe gbasara ya, ọ na-enyere m aka n'otu n'ime ọrụ ndụmọdụ m. Ozugbo ọ malitere ịnata ego ọ na-emebi ... na ọ ga-aga n'ihu. Usoro a bụ nke a ma ama nke unu kụziiri m." <ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/i-never-knew-i-was-being-used-to-spy-1.32716#.UZ1f10rujFI 'I never knew I was being used to spy'] IOL. 1 April 2000</ref> == Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ == * Face Value (Longstreet, 1983) * Jani Confidential (Jacana, 2015) == Ndemsibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://janiallan.com/ Webụsaịtị gọọmentị] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ek2wvo1n5yr4fo8vspzh68yee9nk6or 0 19632 727783 632176 2026-09-25T01:44:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727783 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |''Hyphaene thebaica'' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Hyphaene_thebaica.JPG|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Doum Palm in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" ! colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[Conservation status]]</div> |- | colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[File:Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg|link=|alt=|frameless]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Least Concern]] <small>&nbsp;([[IUCN Red List|IUCN 3.1]])<ref>Cosiaux, A., Gardiner, L.M. & Couvreur, T.L.P. (2017). ''Hyphaene thebaica''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T19017230A95306916. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T19017230A95306916.en. Downloaded on '''28 September 2018'''.</ref></small></div> |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Hyphaene| edit ]]</span> |- |Kingdom: |[[Osisi|Plantae]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Vascular plant|Tracheophytes]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Monocotyledon|Monocots]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Commelinids]] |- |Order: |[[Arecales]] |- |Family: |[[Arecaceae]] |- |Genus: |''[[Hyphaene]]'' |- |Species: |<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''H.&nbsp;thebaica'''''</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Hyphaene thebaica''</span>'''<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|Mart.]]</div> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] '''''Hyphaene thebaica''''', nke nwere aha ndị a na-ahụkarị doum palm (Ar: دوم) na '''osisi gingerbread''' (nke a na-akpọkwa nkwụ doom), bụ ụdị '''nkwụ''' nwere mkpụrụ osisi dị okirikiri a na-eri eri. A mụrụ ya na Arabian Peninsula nakwa na ọkara ugwu na akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Eluàlà|Africa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=101434|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|work=apps.kew.org|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-02-26}}</ref> ebe a na-ekesa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe ma na-etolite n'ebe mmiri dị n'okpuru ala. == Nkọwa == Osisi nkwụ doum bụ nkwụ dioecious ma na-eto ruo mita ịrị na asaa (56 ft) n'ịdị elu. Ogwe osisi ahụ, nke nwere ike ịnwe gburugburu nke ruru sentimita ịrị itoolu (35 in), alaka dị iche iche ma nwee tufts nke nnukwu akwụkwọ nsọtụ alaka. Akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro, na-acha ntụ ntụ ma nwee akara nke akwụkwọ dara ada. Pecioles (ogwe akwụkwọ) dị ihe dị ka otu mita n'ogologo, na-ekpuchi alaka ahụ n'ala ma jiri mbọ siri ike na-agbadata elu. Akwụkwọ ya dị ka fan ma tụọ ihe dị ka 120/180 cm (47/71 in). A na-emepụta okooko osisi nwoke na nwanyị n'osisi dị iche iche. Inflorescences yiri n'ọdịdị n'ozuzu, ruo ihe dị ka 1.2 m (3 in) n'ogologo, na-agbasa n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma ma nwee ogwu abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ na-esite na alaka ọ bụla. Osisi nwanyị na-amị mkpụrụ osisi buru ibu, nke ọ bụla nwere otu mkpụrụ, nke na-anọ n'osisi ahụ ruo ogologo oge.<ref name="Agroforestry" /> == Nkesa na ebe obibi == Osisi nkwụ doum bụ nke a mụrụ na ọkara ugwu Afrịka. Ọ gbasara na Sahel ma na-eto site na [[Mauritania]] na [[Senegal]] n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, site na Central Africa, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Egypt, [[Kenya]], [[Somalia]] na [[Tanzania]]. Ọ na-etolite n'ebe mmiri dị n'okpuru ala dị ma na-ahụ ya n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl na Egypt na [[Sudan]], n'akụkụ osimiri nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ [[Kenya]], na n'akụkụ Kogin Niger na West Africa. A mụrụ ya na Levant na Arabian Peninsula ([[Israel]], Sinai, Yemen na Saudi Arabia) ma a na-akọ na ọ bụ nwa amaala na Netherlands Antilles na Caribbean.<ref>http [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=101434 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, ''Hyphaene thebaica'' ]</ref> Ọ na-eto na wadis na oases, mana mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-eme n'ebe mmiri na n'akụkụ ugwu nkume. Ọ naghị amasị ala mmiri jupụtara na ya ma na-eguzogide mbibi nke ọkụ ọhịa.<ref name="Agroforestry">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=983|title=Factsheet: ''Hyphaene thebaica''|work=AgroForestryTree Database|publisher=World Agroforestry Centre|accessdate=2014-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302054303/http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=983|archivedate=2014-03-02}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''AgroForestryTree Database''. World Agroforestry Centre. Archived from on 2014-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-25</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ojiji == [[Usòrò:Hyphaene_thebaica_MS_6652.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hyphaene_thebaica_MS_6652.JPG/150px-Hyphaene_thebaica_MS_6652.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|frameless|225x225px]] [[Usòrò:Hyphaene_thebaica_Bild0917.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hyphaene_thebaica_Bild0917.jpg/150px-Hyphaene_thebaica_Bild0917.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|frameless|150x150px]] [[Usòrò:Buah_Zuriat_Madinah.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Buah_Zuriat_Madinah.jpg/150px-Buah_Zuriat_Madinah.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Mkpụrụ osisi e nwetara n'Indonesia]] Osisi nkwụ doum na-eto eto na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ebe obere ihe ọzọ na-eto ma na-enwe ekele maka onyinyo ọ na-enye. Akụkụ niile nke osisi ahụ bara uru, mana ma eleghị anya ngwaahịa kachasị mkpa bụ akwụkwọ. Ndị mmadụ na-eji eriri na akwụkwọ mpịakọta eme ihe n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl iji kpụọ nkata, dịka na omenala ihe onwunwe nke Manasir, mats, akwa siri ike, brooms, eriri, eriri na ahịhịa.<ref name="Agroforestry"/> A na-eji osisi ahụ eme ihe maka post na osisi, mmepụta oche na ụlọ aṅụ, osisi ahụ na-enyekwa osisi maka mmanụ. A na-eji ahịhịa akwụkwọ eme ihe maka mgbidi ma jiri eriri mee ihe maka akwa. Ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ gụnyere ụgbụ azụ, brooms, hammocks, kapet, bọtịnụ na beads.<ref name="Infonet" /> === Nri === A na-eri mkpụrụ osisi doum. Na [[Eritrea]] aha ya bụ Akat, ma ọ bụ ''Akaat'' n'asụsụ Tigre. A na-eme ka akpụkpọ anụ ahụ na-acha nchara nchara kpọnwụọ mee molasses, achịcha, na anụ na-atọ ụtọ. A na-eri mkpụrụ osisi ndị na-etozubeghị eto. A na-eri mkpụrụ osisi ndị na-etolite dị ka akwụkwọ nri.<ref>Facciola, S., ''Cornucopia, A Source Book of Edible Plants'' Kampong.</ref> N'Ijipt, ndị na-ere nri n'okporo ámá na-ere mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, na ụlọ ahịa ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ. Ọ na-ewu ewu n'etiti ụmụaka, na-eri anụ ya na-atọ ụtọ ma na-esi ísì ụtọ n'okpuru mkpo siri ike na-egbuke egbuke. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji shuga sie anụ ya ma mee ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọṅụṅụ oyi n'oge ọkọchị, dịka a na-eme ihe ọṅụṅụ Carob n'Ijipt. Na mpaghara Diu, Una na Saurashtra nke Gujarat (India), a maara osisi ahụ dị ka Hoka Tree na mkpụrụ ''osisi'' na-acha ọbara ọbara a na-eri eri a maara dị ka ''Huka''. N'akụkụ ugwu nke Naịjirịa, n'etiti [[Ndi Haụsa|ndị Hausa]], a maara ya dị ka ''Goruba''. N'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Niger, a maara mkpụrụ osisi ya dị ka bri ma jiri mkpụrụ osisi a mee pancake a ma ama, nke a na-akpọ massan ''bri''. A na-eji mkpụrụ osisi a eme ihe ọṅụṅụ azụmahịa na Niger, nke a na-akpọ Torridité Glacée, nke na-echetara ha maka ụtọ kọfị ice ma ọ bụ chocolate mmiri ara ehi.<ref name="Infonet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.infonet-biovision.org/default/ct/748/agroforestry|title=Doum palm|date=2011-08-08|publisher=Infonet Biovision|accessdate=2014-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919171821/http://www.infonet-biovision.org/default/ct/748/agroforestry|archivedate=2012-09-19}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Infonet Biovision. 2011-08-08. Archived from on 2012-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-26</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ewezuga iji mkpụrụ osisi ahụ dị ka nri, a na-ewepụta mmiri site na mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto ma na-akwadebe mmanya nkwụ site na mmiri. === Ili ndị Ijipt === [[Ijipùtù Ọkpụ|Ndị Ijipt oge ochie]] weere nkwụ Doum dị ka ihe dị nsọ, a hụkwara mkpụrụ ahụ n'ọtụtụ ili Fero. Na Septemba 24, 2007, a mara ọkwa na otu ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie Ijipt nke Zahi Hawass duziri, chọpụtara nkata asatọ nke mkpụrụ osisi doum dị afọ pụkụ atọ n'ili Eze [[Tutankhamun]]. Igbe mkpụrụ osisi ahụ dị sentimita ịrị ise n'ịdị elu, ngalaba ihe ochie kwuru. A na-enye mkpụrụ osisi ahụ n'ememe olili ozu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/25/2042391.htm|title=Fruit hamper found in King Tut's tomb|date=2007-09-25|work=ABC News|accessdate=2018-02-26|language=en-AU|archive-date=2011-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220042857/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/25/2042391.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406043248/https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYTH2 Profaịlụ USDA - ''Hyphaene thebaica''] * [http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/trees.htm Ijipt: Osisi dị n'Ijipt - ''Osisi Mbibi''] ddh04q8k5s70krz2ojoxrxi4z0u8cjq 0 19766 727654 721107 2026-09-24T16:16:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Usòrò:Emmanuel Adebayor (cropped).jpg|thumb|Emmanuel Adebayor (cropped).jpg]] '''Sheyi Emmanuel Adebayor''' (French pronunciation: ; bụ onye amụrụ na 26 Febụwarị 1984) bụ onye Togolese ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka [[Footbọl|onye]] na-agbachitere Togolese Championnat National club Semassi . Ọ na-egwuri egwu na klọb ndị England Arsenal, Manchester City, Tottenham Hotspur na Crystal Palace, yana otu French Metz, otu Monégasque [[Monako|Monaco]], otu Spanish Real Madrid, klọb Turkish İstanbul Başakşehir na Kayserispor, na Club Olimpia nke Paraguay. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye n'agba bọọlụ Afrịka nke Afọ n'afọ 2008 mgbe ọ n'agba egwu na Arsenal, n'oge ọrụ ikpeazụ ya, ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na bọọlụ Paraguay na onye a na-akwụ ụgwọ kachasị elu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba ahụ mgbe ọ sonyeere Olimpia Asunción na 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/adebayor-named-africa-s-best-player-for-2008|title=Adebayor named Africa's best player for 2008|date=11 February 2009|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Adebayor: El mejor pagado en la historia del fútbol paraguayo {{!}} Olimpia, Copa Libertadores|url=https://d10.ultimahora.com/adebayor-el-mejor-pagado-la-historia-del-futbol-paraguayo-n2869722.html/amp|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=d10.ultimahora.com|archivedate=2020-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313195435/https://d10.ultimahora.com/adebayor-el-mejor-pagado-la-historia-del-futbol-paraguayo-n2869722.html/amp}}</ref> Adebayor nọchitere anya ndị otu mba Togo na 2006 FIFA World Cup na Germany, nke mbụ mba ahụ, na ruo ugbu a, ọ pụtara na World Cup. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2010, Adebayor bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu na-etinye aka mgbe bọs ndị otu Togo dara n'okpuru égbè n'ụzọ na-aga 2010 Africa Cup of Nations na Angola, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ ndị otu mba. N'afọ 2013, ọ laghachiri n'òtù Togo maka 2013 Afrikan Cup of Nations na South Africa, ebe o nyeere ha aka iru eru maka nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ. Ọ bụ onye na-agba goolu kachasị elu na Togo ugbu a na goolu 32.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/97162/togo-vs-tunisia/preview|title=Togo vs Tunisia Preview|date=30 January 2013|accessdate=3 June 2013}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Ọ bụ onye amụrụ na Lome nke agbụrụ [[Ndi Yoruba|nne na nna ya bụ Yoruba]], Adebayor nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ntorobịa ya na Togo, ebe ọ gara Centre de Développement Sportif de Lomé (English: Sports Development Centre of Lomé), nke a makwaara dị ka Sporting Club de Lomé.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=The Observer|title=Big Interview: Emmanuel Adebayor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/oct/28/newsstory.arsenal1|date=28 October 2007}}</ref> Ndị scout si Metz hụrụ Adebayor ka ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Sporting Club de Lomé, bụ ndị kpọtara ya na [[France]] na 1999. O mere Ligue 1 mbụ ya megide Sochaux na 17 Nọvemba 2001. Mgbe Metz wepụrụ ya, ọ gbara otu oge na Ligue 2, ebe goolu iri na atọ n'egwuregwu league iri atọ na anọ mere ka ọ gaa Monaco n'oge ọkọchị afọ 2003. Ọ gosipụtara ugboro itoolu na Europe ka Monaco ruru na 2004 UEFA Champions League final megide Porto na Gelsenkirchen, nke ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe na ọdịda 3 nke klọb ya.<ref name="uefa">{{Cite web|title=Players {{ndash}} Emmanuel Adebayor: Profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=72538/profile/index.html|work=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=18 May 2009|archive-date=5 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305233944/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=72538/profile/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Arsenal === Na ụbọchị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, 2006. otu egwuregwu Premier League Arsenal bịanyere Adebayor aka maka £ 3 nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adebayor signs for the Gunners|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/adebayor-signs-for-the-gunners|work=www.arsenal.com|publisher=[[Arsenal F.C.]]|accessdate=10 September 2015|date=13 January 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201001502/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/adebayor-signs-for-the-gunners|archivedate=1 December 2008}}</ref> E nyere ya aha njirimara "Baby Kanu" n'ihi ọdịdị ya na onye bụbu onye Arsenal Nwankwo Kanu, onye Adebayor na-efe ofufe mgbe ọ bụ onye ntorobịa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070405204051/http://arsenal-mania.com/player/Emmanuel-Adebayor/60/profile.html Arsenal-Mania.com – The Arsenal website for Arsenal fans – Emmanuel Adebayor Profile]. arsenal-mania.com</ref> N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2006, Adebayor mere egwuregwu mbụ ya na Arsenal n'egwuregwu Premier League na Birmingham City wee gbaa bọọlụ mgbe nkeji iri abụọ na otu gachara, Arsenal meriri n'egwú iri abụọ na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/birmingham-city-0-arsenal-2-diaby-and-adebayor-hint-at-brighter-arsenal-future-465684.html|title=Liverpool 5 Arsenal 2: Diaby and Adebayor hint at brighter Arsenal future|accessdate=22 April 2009|work=The Independent|first=Guy|author=Hodgson|date=6 February 2006}}</ref> Adebayor bụ onye e jikọtara na iko maka ọsọ Arsenal na 2006 UEFA Champions League Final.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/4951688.stm|title=Africa certain of Euro glory|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=16 May 2006|accessdate=23 March 2020}}</ref> Adebayor gbara goolu mmeri Arsenal meriri Manchester United iji nye Arsenal mmeri mbụ na Old Trafford, mmeri mbụ ha na league n'afọ 2006. Na mbido egwuregwu ahụ, e mere ka Adebayor daa n'ime igbe dị mita isii iji nweta Arsenal penalty, nke Gilberto Silva weere ma chekwaa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/5330078.stm|title=Man Utd 0–1 Arsenal|date=17 September 2006|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=BBC Sport|first=John|author=May}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Adebayor_arsenal.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Adebayor_arsenal.jpg/125px-Adebayor_arsenal.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|247x247px|Adebayor na-egwuri egwu maka Arsenal na 2008]] A chụpụrụ Adebayor na 2007 League Cup final nke Arsenal meriri Chelsea na 2-1. E gosipụtara ya kaadị uhie mgbe ọ dara na njedebe nke egwuregwu ahụ nke gụnyere ndị egwuregwu Chelsea na Arsenal. E boro ebubo na ọ kụrụ Frank Lampard aka. FA mechara nye ya mmachibido iwu ọzọ nke otu egwuregwu na ịkwụ ụgwọ nke £ 7,500 maka ịghara ịhapụ egwuregwu ozugbo, yana mmachibido ikpe atọ maka kaadị uhie.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idUKL0946047120070309|title=Adebayor gets extra one match ban|date=9 March 2007|accessdate=22 April 2009}}</ref> Adebayor na Lampard gọnahụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=411620&cc=5901|title=Lampard supports Adebayor denial|date=1 March 2007|accessdate=15 July 2009|publisher=Soccernet|archive-date=3 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303063622/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=411620&cc=5901|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2007, goolu abụọ Adebayor gbara megide Tottenham Hotspur nyeere Arsenal aka imeri 3-1 na North [[London]] derby mbụ nke oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/6984884.stm|title=Tottenham 1–3 Arsenal|date=15 September 2007|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Ian|author=Hughes}}</ref> Adebayor wee gbaa hat-trick mbụ ya maka Arsenal na mmeri 5 - 0 n'ụlọ megide Derby County na ụbọchị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba; nke a bụ hat-tric nke abụọ a gbara na Arsenal's Emirates Stadium.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/2847114/first-team/arsenal-v-derby?tab=report|title=Arsenal 5–0 Derby|date=22 September 2007|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> O tinyere aka n'ihe na-ese okwu na 22 Jenụwarị ebe ya na onye otu ya bụ Nicklas Bendtner sere okwu nkeji asaa site na njedebe nke mmeri ikpeazụ nke 5-11 League Cup na Tottenham. Bendtner yiri ka ọ na-egbupụ imi ya na esemokwu ahụ, nke Adebayor rịọrọ mgbaghara n'echi ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/7204144.stm|title=Arsenal pair escape FA punishment|date=23 January 2008|accessdate=24 January 2008|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara goolu nke 100 na Emirates n'oge mmeri FA Cup nke 3 - 0Newcastle United.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml;jsessionid=FSII1VRDE55HBQFIQMGSFFWAVCBQWIV0?xml=/sport/2008/01/27/sfgars127.xml|title=Arsenal end Newcastle's FA Cup dream|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Roy|author=Collins|date=27 January 2008|accessdate=27 January 2008}}</ref> Malite na 4 Machị megide Milan, Adebayor gara n'ihu na-agba goolu na Champions League. N'agbanyeghị na ọ nwetụbeghị goolu na asọmpi ahụ, ọ gbara goolu na agba nke abụọ megide Milan na San Siro.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7272514.stm|title=AC Milan 0–2 Arsenal|date=4 March 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|first=Phil|author=McNulty}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel, Adebayor gbara goolu nke abụọ ya maka Arsenal mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'elu bench na ọkara oge na mmeri 6-2 megide Derby County, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ naanị onye ọkpụkpọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Premier League iji gbaa goolu n'ụlọ na n'èzí megide otu akụkụ ahụ n'otu oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7356031.stm|title=Derby 2–6 Arsenal|date=28 April 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|first=Jonathan|author=Stevenson}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Arsenal ji aka efu mechie oge ahụ, a kpọrọ ya aha na PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="Ronaldo named player of the year">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/7370319.stm|title=Ronaldo named player of the year|date=27 April 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Goolu nke abụọ Adebayor gbara megide Tottenham meriri asọmpi nke Goal of the Day nke oge maka oge 2007 na08.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/match_of_the_day/7256721.stm|title=Goal of the season|date=5 June 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> E nyekwara ya ihe nrite BBC African Footballer of the Year maka arụmọrụ ya na 2008. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2008, e jikọtara ya na £ 30 nde na Milan na Barcelona, mana o mechara bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ ogologo oge na Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12876_3719827,00.html|title=Agent makes Adebayor claim|date=21 June 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/arsenal/2580182/Emmanuel-Adebayor-signs-new-long-term-Arsenal-contract.html|title=Emmanuel Adebayor signs new 'long-term' Arsenal contract|date=18 August 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|archive-date=26 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626053803/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/arsenal/2580182/Emmanuel-Adebayor-signs-new-long-term-Arsenal-contract.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2008, Adebayor gbara goolu na mmeri Arsenal meriri Blackburn Rovers, na-agba goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7601879.stm|title=Blackburn 0–4 Arsenal|date=13 September 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|first=Sam|author=Lyon}}</ref> Adebayor natara kaadị uhie mbụ ya n'oge ahụ na 1 - 1 draw na Liverpool mgbe esemokwu ya na onye na-agbachitere ya Álvaro Arbeloa; nke a bụ mmejọ nke abụọ ya n'egwuregwu ahụ ma ya mere ọ machibidoro otu egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/match_report/0,19764,11065_3073790,00.html|title=Honours even at Emirates|date=21 December 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Adebayor merụrụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ n'egwuregwu Arsenal na Tottenham. Mmerụ ahụ ga-eme ka ọ ghara ịga ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnwa abụọ, n'agbanyeghị atụmatụ mbụ na-atụ aro naanị izu atọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/7877801.stm|title=Adebayor injury blow hits Arsenal|date=8 February 2009|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> O mere ka ọ laghachi n'ọrụ, na-agba bọọlụ mgbe ọ laghachiri na Manchester City.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7972747.stm|title=Arsenal 2–0 Man City|date=4 April 2009|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|first=Ian|author=Hughes}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2009, Adebayor gbara goolu Arsenal na nkeji iri na ise nke Champions League megide Villarreal, ebe ọ tụbara bọọlụ ahụ n'aka ya wee gbaa ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7976997.stm|title=Villareal 1–1 Arsenal|date=7 April 2009|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|first=Jonathan|author=Stevenson}}</ref> N'egwuregwu nloghachi na Emirates otu izu ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara na mmeri Arsenal nke 3-0 neguzobe asọmpi nke ọkara ikpeazụ na Manchester United. Otú ọ dị, Adebayor merụrụ ahụ n'egwuregwu abụọ ikpeazụ nke Premier League ma mechaa oge ahụ dị ka onye nke abụọ kachasị gbaa goolu na Arsenal na asọmpi niile na 16, n'azụ Robin van Persie 20.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7976998.stm|title=Arsenal 3–0 Villareal|date=15 April 2009|accessdate=22 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|first=Phil|author=Dawkes}}</ref> === Manchester City === [[Usòrò:Adebayor_Man_City.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Adebayor_Man_City.jpg/150px-Adebayor_Man_City.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|251x251px|Adebayor na agba Manchester City.]] Adebayor bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na Manchester City maka ego mbufe nke e kwenyere na ọ dị na mpaghara nke £ 25 nde.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11095_5440128,00.html|title=City Seal Adebayor Swoop|date=18 July 2009|accessdate=18 July 2009|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu na nke mbụ ya maka City megide Blackburn site na ịgba bọọlụ site na mita iri na asatọ na nkeji nke atọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8197359.stm|title=Blackburn 0–2 Man City|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=24 August 2009|date=15 August 2009|first=Ian|author=Hughes}}</ref> Na mbido mbụ ya n'ụlọ, Adebayor gbara na nkeji nke iri na asaa na 1 - 0 na Wolverhampton Wanderers, nke onye otu ya na-etinye aka n'oge ọkọchị Carlos Tevez nyere aka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8210640.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|title=Man City 1–0 Wolverhampton|accessdate=24 August 2009|date=22 August 2009|first=Phil|author=McNulty}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu Premier League nke atọ n'usoro, na-eduga onye mmeri na mmeri 1 na Portsmouth.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8222249.stm|title=Portsmouth 0 – 1 Man City|author=Ian Hughes|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=30 August 2009|accessdate=30 August 2009}}</ref> Adebayor wee gbaa bọọlụ n'egwuregwu nke anọ ya n'usoro, n'oge a megide Arsenal na mmeri 4 - 2 na City of Manchester Stadium. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ otu n'ime naanị ndị egwuregwu isii gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu anọ mbụ ha maka otu klọb.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Coyle happy to take a loan|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/sport/wanderers/wanderersnews/8888933.Coyle_happy_to_take_a_loan/?|work=Bolton News|publisher=Newsquest Media|date=4 March 2011|accessdate=4 March 2011}}</ref> N'egwuregwu ahụ megide Arsenal, onye bụbu onye otu Adebayor bụ Robin van Persie boro ya ebubo na ọ kpachaara anya kụọ ya ụkwụ n'ihu, e mesịkwara machibido ya iwu egwuregwu atọ mgbe a chọpụtara na ikpe mara ya maka omume ime ihe ike.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/van-persie-reaction-to-adebayor-incident|title=Van Persie reaction to Adebayor incident|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=12 September 2009|accessdate=20 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8258287.stm|title=Adebayor handed three-match ban|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 September 2009|accessdate=20 June 2010}}</ref> A katọkwara Adebayor maka ịgba ọsọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ogologo egwuregwu ahụ niile na ndị na-akwado Arsenal ma na-eme emume ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya n'ihu ha.<ref name="Celebration" /> E debere aha ya maka nke a, mana o mechara rịọ mgbaghara.<ref name="Celebration">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_city/8252649.stm|title=Adebayor says sorry for goal celebration|date=12 September 2009|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> Onye njikwa Manchester City bụ Mark Hughes tụrụ aro ka Adebayor mee ya n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ka ndị na-akwado City hụ ya n'anya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/sep/13/emmanuel-adebayor-manchester-city-arsenal|work=The Guardian|title=Greater Manchester police blame Emmanuel Adebayor for crowd trouble|first=Daniel|author=Taylor|date=13 September 2009|accessdate=2 May 2010}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, onye bụbu onye na-agbachitere etiti Cameroon nke Arsenal bụ Alex Song, onye bụ otu n'ime ezigbo ndị enyi Adebayor na bọọlụ, kwuru na Adebayor kụrụ ya aka n'ihu n'oge mmeri City 4-2 ebe Cesc Fàbregas, onye bụ onye bụbu onyeisi Arsenal, chere na Adebayur nwara ịpị ya aka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/sep/14/emmanual-adebayor-robin-van-persie-manchester-city-arsenal|title=Robin van Persie voices Arsenal distaste at Emmanuel Adebayor's antics|first=David|author=Hytner|date=13 September 2009|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Maka mmalite nke oge 2010 - 11, e nyere Adebayor uwe elu nke nọmba itoolu kama nke nọmba Iri Abụọ na ise ọ hụrụ n'anya, nke o yibu na Arsenal na City. Ọ gbara hat-trick mbụ ya maka City ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa 21 Ọktoba na egwuregwu UEFA Europa League megide Lech Poznań.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/matches/season=2011/round=2000128/match=2002961/index.html|publisher=UEFA|title=Manchester City 3 – 1 Lech|date=21 October 2010|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> N'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ Manchester City mbụ nyere hat-trick na asọmpi Europe. Otú ọ dị, n'oge afọ 2010- - 11, Adebayor dara n'usoro kachasị elu na Manchester City mgbe klọb ahụ zụrụ Edin Džeko, ebe a họpụtara Carlos Tevez na Mario Balotelli n'ihu ya. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011, Roberto Mancini kwupụtara na Adebayor, tinyere Craig Bellamy, abụghịzi akụkụ nke atụmatụ ya ma nwee ike ịhapụ Manchester City. ==== Ịgbazinye Real Madrid ==== [[Usòrò:Adebayor.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Adebayor.jpg/200px-Adebayor.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Adebayor na Real Madrid]] Na 25 Jenụwarị, 2011. Adebayor bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego iji gwuo egwu maka Real Madrid maka oge fọdụrụ na 2010 - 11.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/25012011/58/la-liga-adebayor-joins-real-madrid-loan.html|title=La Liga – Adebayor joins Real Madrid on loan|publisher=Yahoo! Sports|date=25 January 2011|accessdate=25 January 2011}}</ref> Adebayor gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Real Madrid na akụkụ nke abụọ nke Copa del Rey semi-final megide Sevilla na Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsrss.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/9386083.stm|title=Adebayor savours first Real goal|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=3 February 2011|accessdate=5 February 2011}}</ref> Egwuregwu ahụ kwụsịrị na 2-0 na ngụkọta nke 3-0. Na ngwụsị izu na-esote, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na La Liga megide Real Sociedad, ọzọ na Santiago Bernabéu. Egwuregwu ahụ kwụsịrị n'afọ 4-1 ma Adebayor gbara goolu ikpeazụ n'ime nkeji atọ ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ahụ. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2011, Adebayor gbara goolu mmeghe na nkeji nke iri abụọ na anọ megide Racing de Santander site na Mesut Özil. Real Madrid meriri egwuregwu ahụ n'ụzọ atọ 3-1. A katọrọ Adebayor nke ukwuu maka arụmọrụ ya megide Sporting de Gijón, ọkachasị maka enweghị ọtụtụ ohere; egwuregwu ahụ kwụsịrị Anundsson 0-1 na Sporting. Adebayor gbakwunyere goolu abụọ na European tally ya maka Madrid site na goolu megide Tottenham Hotspur na mmeri 4 - 0 na ụbọchị ise nke ọnwa Eprel 2011. O meriri ihe nrite mmeri mbụ ya na Real Madrid na ụbọchị iri abụọ Eprel, na-abịa dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ọkara nke abụọ na mmeri ya meriri Barcelona na 2011 Copa del Rey final.<ref name="copa11">{{Cite web|title=Copa S.M. El Rey – Barcelona 0–1 Real Madrid|url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpPartido?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=14022|work=acras.ref.es|accessdate=7 December 2015|archivedate=5 December 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121205033525/http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpPartido?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=14022}}</ref> Adebayor gbara hat-trick mbụ ya maka Real Madrid na ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu Mee 2011, na agba ikpeazụ nke oge La Liga nke 2010 - 11, megide Almería. N'egwuregwu ahụ, Real Madrid meriri Almería 8-1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1438877.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525215418/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1438877.html|archivedate=25 May 2011|title=Ronaldo: I owe record to my team-mates|publisher=[[FIFA]]|date=22 May 2011|accessdate=23 May 2011}}</ref> Adebayor laghachiri Manchester City mgbe oge Spanish gwụchara, mana ewepụrụ ya na njem ha na United States na ụbọchị iri na otu n'ọnwa Julaị 2011 ma mesịa tinye ya n'ihe ize ndụ £ 300,000 maka ịjụ ọzụzụ na ndị otu ndị ntorobịa na ndị otu klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Stewart|first=Rob|title=Manchester City outcast Emmanuel Adebayor facing hefty fine after failing to show up for training|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2896/premier-league/2011/07/12/2571126/manchester-city-outcast-emmanuel-adebayor-facing-hefty-fine|work=goal.com|accessdate=26 August 2020|date=12 July 2011}}</ref> === Tottenham Hotspur === N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2011, Tottenham Hotspur bịanyere Adebayor aka na mgbazinye oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/adebayor-completes-loan-switch-250811.html|title=Adebayor completes loan switch|publisher=Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|date=25 August 2011|accessdate=25 August 2011}}</ref> Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Septemba 2011, Adebayor gbara bọọlụ na nke mbụ ya megide Wolverhampton Wanderers na nkeji nke iri isii na asaa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/sep/10/wolverhampton-wanderers-tottenham-hotspur-premier-league|title=Emmanuel Adebayor scores on his debut to get Tottenham off the mark|work=The Guardian|first=Richard|author=Rae|date=10 September 2011|accessdate=10 September 2011}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2011, ọ gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ n'ụlọ mbụ ya na mmeri 4 na Liverpool, nke abụọ ọ gbara bụ goolu 100 nke egwuregwu ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wilkinson|first=Kerry|title=Tottenham 4-0 Liverpool|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/14869938.stm|accessdate=26 August 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=18 September 2011}}</ref> Adebayor nyekwara aka maka goolu 2-1 Rafael van der Vaart na mmeri ha meriri Arsenal na 2 Ọktoba.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gunners press self-destruct|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/match_report/0,,11065_3422897,00.html|date=2 October 2011|accessdate=21 November 2011|publisher=Sky Sports|first=Peter|author=Fraser}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu nke anọ na nke ise ya maka Tottenham na mmeri ha meriri Aston Villa na 21 Nọvemba, nke mbụ site na ịgba ọsọ n'elu na nke abụọ mgbe onye na-agbachitere Villa James Collins mehiere.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tottenham 2 – 0 Aston Villa|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/15716030.stm|date=21 November 2011|accessdate=21 November 2011|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Arindam|author=Rej}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu abụọ ọzọ na mmeri Tottenham meriri West Bromwich Albion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/nov/26/west-brom-spurs-premier-league?newsfeed=true|title=West Bromwich Albion 1–3 Tottenham Hotspur|work=The Guardian|date=26 November 2011|accessdate=27 November 2011|first=Paul|author=Doyle}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, Adebayor gara n'ihu na-agba goolu abụọ ọzọ, otu n'ime penalty na Stoke City, na otu n'egwuregwu derby megide Chelsea ebe akara ahụ kwụsịrị 1 . N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2012, Adebayor gbara bọọlụ ma nye aka anọ na mmeri 5-1 Newcastle United.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16884811 BBC Sport – Tottenham 5–0 Newcastle]. </ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị, ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri abụọ na asatọ, Adebayor gbanwere penalty megide Arsenal iji mee ka Spurs 2-0 gaa na Emirates nke mechara na mmeri 5-2 maka Tottenham.<ref>McNulty, Phil. (26 February 2012) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17093405 BBC Sport – Arsenal 5–2 Tottenham]. </ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Eprel, Adebayor gbara goolu abụọ na mmeri 3 - 1 ha meriri Swansea City.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tottenham 3 – 1 Swansea|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17503279|date=26 February 2012|accessdate=26 February 2012|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2012, Adebayor nyere Gareth Bale aka na naanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ Tottenham gbara na mmeri Chelsea na nkeji iri ise nke FA Cup.<ref>McNulty, Phil. (15 April 2012) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17649443 BBC Sport – Tottenham 1–5 Chelsea]. </ref> Adebayor wee gaa n'ihu na-agba goolu n'egwuregwu azụ na azụ maka Tottenham, na-agba abụọ megide Bolton Wanderers na mmeri 4-1 na Reebok Stadium<ref>Magowan, Alistair. (2 May 2012) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17836014 BBC Sport – Bolton 1–4 Tottenham]. </ref> ma na-agbanwe penalty megide Aston Villa na 1-1 draw.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17885326 BBC Sport – Aston Villa 1–1 Tottenham]. </ref> N'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke ịgbazinye ego ya na Tottenham, Adebayor meghere akara ahụ ka Spurs meriri ndị na-asọmpi London Fulham 2-0 na ụbọchị iri na atọ Mee iji nweta ọnọdụ nke anọ na Premier League.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/9257026/Tottenham-Hotspur-2-Fulham-0-match-report.html Tottenham Hotspur 2 Fulham 0: match report]. </ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/may/13/tottenham-hotspur-fulham-premier-league Tottenham Hotspur 2–0 Fulham | Premier League match report | Football]. </ref> Adebayor mechiri oge ahụ dị ka onye kacha gbaa goolu na Tottenham, na goolu iri na asatọ, iri na asaa na Premier League. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Adebayor bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na Tottenham na nkwekọ ruru £ nde ịse mgbe ogologo oge nke mkparịta ụka gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ade Returns|url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/spurs/News/ade-returns-21082012.page|publisher=tottenhamhotspur.com|accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Tottenham Hotspur|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/9490747/Tottenham-confirm-signing-of-Emmanuel-Adebayor-from-Manchester-City-for-5m.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821185418/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/9490747/Tottenham-confirm-signing-of-Emmanuel-Adebayor-from-Manchester-City-for-5m.html|archivedate=21 August 2012|title=Tottenham confirm signing of Emmanuel Adebayor from Manchester City in deal worth £5m|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=31 May 2011|accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Emmanuel_Adebayor_2014.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Emmanuel_Adebayor_2014.jpg/170px-Emmanuel_Adebayor_2014.jpg|thumb|Adebayor na-arụ ọrụ maka Tottenham Hotspur na Nọvemba 2014]] N'abalị iri na- asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Adebayor gbara goolu mbụ maka Tottenham n'egwuregwu derby nke North London megide Arsenal iji mee ka ha nwee 1-0 posi, mana nkeji asaa ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ihe ịma aka ya na Santi Cazorla mere ka onye ọka ikpe Howard Webb chụpụ ya. Arsenal gara n'ihu merie egwuregwu ahụ 5-2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arsenal 5–2 Tottenham|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20278355|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 November 2012}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2013, Adebayor gbara goolu mbụ ya n'ụlọ n'oge ahụ maka Spurs megide Reading, site na isi site na Aaron Lennon cross. Spurs mechara merie 3-1. N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2013, Adebayor gbara goolu dị mkpa nke mere ka Spurs banye na nkeji iri na ise nke Europa League na mmeri zuru ezu megide Internazionale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21696151|title=Inter Milan 4–1 Tottenham (agg 4–4)|date=14 March 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu na-agbapụ n'elu mmanya ahụ mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ na penalty siri ike na agba na-esote megide Basel, nke mechara mee ka Spurs wepụ ya na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22023547|title=FC Basel 2–2 Tottenham (agg 4–4)|date=11 April 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu na 8 Mee megide Chelsea na 2 na-agba bọọlụ site n'èzí igbe penalty iji mee ka egwuregwu ahụ ruo 1 - 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22363107|title=Chelsea 2–2 Tottenham|date=8 May 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ gbara goolu mmeri na Sunday na-esote (12 Mee 2013) iji nye Tottenham mmeri 2-1 na Stoke City na cross site na Clint Dempsey na nkeji nke 83.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22417723|title=Stoke 1–2 Tottenham|date=12 May 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mgbe a chụpụrụ onye njikwa Spurs bụ André Villas-Boas, onye gwara onye na-agba ọsọ ka ya na ndị otu ndị ntorobịa ahụ zụọ na mbido oge 2013 na 14, Adebayor laghachiri na ndị otu Tottenham n'okpuru Tim Sherwood, na-agba goolu na mmeri nke abụọ2-1 na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ nke League Cup n'ụlọ na West Ham United.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/10524275/Emmanuel-Adebayor-brought-in-from-cold-by-Tottenham-for-Capital-One-Cup-clash-with-West-Ham.html|title=Emmanuel Adebayor brought in from cold by Tottenham for Capital One Cup clash with West Ham|date=17 December 2013|work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25328568|title=Tottenham 1 2 West Ham|date=18 December 2013|work=BBC}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu gbaa goolu asatọ n'egwuregwu iri ọzọ nke Premier League, na goolu na mmeri megide Southampton, Manchester United na Swansea City, Everton na Newcastle United.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jan/19/swansea-city-tottenham-hotspur-premier-league-match-report|title=Tottenham Hotspur's Emmanuel Adebayor stars in win at Swansea City|date=19 January 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26004450|title=Tottenham 1 0 Everton|date=9 February 2014|work=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26043687|title=Newcastle 4 0 Tottenham|date=13 February 2014|work=BBC}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014, Adebayor ruru goolu iri maka oge Premier League, na-agba goolu ugboro abụọ na mmeri 5-1Sunderland n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26814762|title=Tottenham 5–1 Sunderland|date=7 April 2014|work=BBC}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara oge ahụ dị ka onye kacha gbaa goolu na Spurs na goolu iri na- anọ site na egwuregwu iri abụọ na ise mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu na egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha na Premier League na na ụbọchị iri na otu n'ọnwa Mee 2014, mmeri 3 - 0 nke Aston Villa na White Hart Lane.<ref name="Hotspur">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/first-team-profiles/emmanuel-adebayor/|title=Emmanuel Adeboayor|accessdate=14 May 2014|work=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya na nkwekọrịta Tottenham ya site na nkwekọ ha abụọ na ụbọchị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Septemba 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34237362|title=Emmanuel Adebayor: Tottenham release striker by mutual consent|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=13 September 2015}}</ref> === Crystal Palace === Na 26 Jenụwarị, 2016. Adebayor sonyeere Crystal Palace nke Premier League na nkwekọrịta ọnwa isii ruo na ngwụcha oge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adebayor Joins The Eagles|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/january/adebayor-joins-the-eagles/|work=cpfc.co.uk|date=26 January 2016|accessdate=26 January 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara naanị goolu ọ gbara maka klọb ahụ na ụbọchị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị na mmeri ikpeazụ nke Watford na Premier League.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Muro|first=Giuseppe (13 February 2016)|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/crystal-palace-1-watford-2-adebayor-goal-not-enough-as-deeney-double-seals-away-win-a3179681.html|title=Crystal Palace 1 Watford 2: Adebayor goal not enough as Deeney double seals away win|work=Evening Standard|accessdate=17 July 2016}}</ref> Na ụbọchị iri na atọ n'ọnwa June 2016, e gosipụtara na a ga-ahapụ Adebayor mgbe nkwekọrịta obí ya gwụrụ na 30 June.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Six Players Released By Crystal Palace|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/june/six-players-released-by-crystal-palace/|work=cpfc.co.uk|date=13 June 2016|accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref> === İstanbul Başakşehir === Na ụbọchị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2017, Adebayor bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Süper Lig club İstanbul Başakşehir ruo June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adebayor, Başakşehir'e transfer oldu|url=http://www.sporx.com/adebayor-basaksehire-transfer-oldu-SXHBQ601808SXQ|work=sporx.com|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=31 January 2017}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu isii n'egwuregwu league iri na otu n'ime oge fọdụrụnụ, gụnyere hat-trick na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Eprel na mmeri 4-0 n'ụlọ Galatasaray, ka ndị otu ya mechara bụrụ ndị nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Adebayor hat-trick severely dents Galatasaray's Super Lig title hopes|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/adebayor-hat-trick-severely-dents-galatasarays-super-lig-title-hopes|accessdate=21 December 2017|work=FourFourTwo|date=10 April 2017}}</ref> Ọ gbakwunyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọzọ site na egwuregwu ise nke Turkish Cup, ebe ndị otu ya bụ ndị nke abụọ ọzọ. Adebayor gbara hat-trick ọzọ megide Galatasaray na ụbọchị iri na itoolu n'onwa Nọvemba 2017, na mmeri 5 na Başakşehir Fatih Terim Stadium.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Istanbul Basaksehir 5–1 Galatasaray|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42041768|accessdate=21 December 2017|publisher=BBC Sport|date=18 November 2017}}</ref> Na ụbọchị iri abụọ n'ọnwa June 2019, Adebayor hapụrụ İstanbul Başakşehir.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Erkan|author=Tiryaki|title=Medipol Başakşehir Adebayor ile yollarını ayırdı|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/futbol/medipol-basaksehir-adebayor-ile-yollarini-ayirdi/1511296|date=20 June 2019|accessdate=13 August 2019|language=tr}}</ref> === Kayserispor === N'abalị iri abụọ na-isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, Adebayor sonyeere otu egwuregwu Turkish Süper Lig bụ Kayserispor na nkwekọrịta otu afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kayserispor.org.tr/emmanuel-adebayor-kayserisporumuzda/|title=Emmanuel Adebayor Kayserisporumuzda|date=26 August 2019|accessdate=14 September 2022|archivedate=26 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826165428/http://kayserispor.org.tr/emmanuel-adebayor-kayserisporumuzda/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49482000|title=Togo's Emmanuel Adebayor moves to Turkey's Kayserispor|date=27 August 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 August 2019|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ klọb ahụ na Disemba 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50662571|title=Emmanuel Adebayor: Togo striker pondering future as he leaves Kayserispor|date=4 December 2019}}</ref> === Olimpia === Adebayor sonyeere otú egwuregwu Olimpia Asunción nke Paraguay Primera División na ụbọchị iri na otu n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, na nnyefe n'efu site na Kayserispor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-qa/news/adebayor-olimpia-move-paraguayan-membership-goal/xjrimpu0xpet1qjia0gnus84w|title=Adebayor completes Olimpia move after Paraguayan side reach membership goal|date=11 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://el.soccerway.com/players/emmanuel-adebayor/598/|title=Togo - E. Adebayor - Perfil con noticias, estadísticas de carrera e historia - Soccerway|work=el.soccerway.com}}</ref> Mgbe ọ rutere Paraguay na ụbọchị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, otu ìgwè mmadụ zutere Adebayor na Silvio Pettirossi International Airport. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mgbe nyocha ahụike gara nke ọma ma gosipụta ya na Estadio Manuel Ferreira.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tigosports.com.py/futbol/olimpia-emmanuel-adebayor-paso-las-pruebas-medicas|title=Adebayor pasó las pruebas médicas|work=Tigo Sports}}</ref> E kenyere ya uwe elu nke nọmba 25.<ref>m.d10.ultimahora.com/el-numero-que-utilizara-emmanuel-adebayor-olimpia-n2870051.html/amp</ref> Adebayor zutere na Olimpia na onye bụbu onye otu Manchester City Roque Santa Cruz, onye laghachiri na klọb ahụ na 2016. Adebayor kwuru na ọ bụ mmetụta nke Santa Cruz mere ka o kwenye isonyere Olimpia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hoy.com.py/deportes/influyo-roque-en-la-decision-de-venir-a-paraguay|title=HOY / Influyó Roque en la decisión de venir a Paraguay|work=www.hoy.com.py}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Adebayor mere nke mbụ ya maka Olimpia na Superclásico nke Paraguay megide Cerro Porteño na 1-1 zọpụtara n'ụlọ, na-abịa mgbe ọkara oge gasịrị n'ọnọdụ Santa Cruz.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/02/23/paraguay/division-profesional/club-olimpia/cerro-porteno/3196960/|title=Olimpia vs. Cerro Porteño - 23 February 2020 - Soccerway|work=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Machị, Adebayor pụtara nke mbụ ya na Copa Libertadores nke afọ 2020 n'egwuregwu 1-1 na otu egwuregwu nke Ecuador bụ Delfin, na-anọchi Santa Cruz na nkeji nke iri asatọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/03/05/south-america/copa-libertadores/delfin-sc/club-olimpia/3194903/|title=Delfin vs. Olimpia - 5 March 2020 - Soccerway|work=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2020, O mere egwuregwu nke abụọ na nke ikpeazụ ya na River Plate Asunción n'egwuregwu n'ụlọ, na-egwu nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu na Olimpia's Estadio Manuel Ferreira.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/03/09/paraguay/division-profesional/club-olimpia/club-river-plate/3196991/|title=Olimpia vs. River Plate - 9 March 2020 - Soccerway|work=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, Adebayor gbara bọọlụ na Copa Libertadores megide klọb Argentine Defensa y Justicia . Na nkeji nke iri asaa na atọ nke egwuregwu ahụ, Adebayor natara kaadị uhie maka ịgba Enzo Coacci bọọlụ na-efe efe mgbe ọ na-agba bọọlụ ikuku, na-awụli elu maka bọọlụ ahụ na ụkwụ aka nri ya n'ihu nke metụtara ihu onye iro ahụ. Nkea, ọ bụ ngosipụta ikpeazụ Adebayor maka klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/03/12/south-america/copa-libertadores/club-olimpia/csd-defensa-y-justicia/3194905/|title=Olimpia vs. Defensa y Justicia - 12 March 2020 - Soccerway|work=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Adebayor gara [[Togo]] ka ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ na nnọpụiche n'etiti ọrịa COVID-19.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.com.py/deportes/futbol/olimpia/2020/06/22/trovato-y-el-retorno-de-adebayor-no-hay-vuelos/|title=Marco Trovato y el retorno de Adebayor: "no hay vuelos" - Olimpia - ABC Color|work=www.abc.com.py}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel, Adebayor kwuru n'oge post Facebook na ọ ga-alaghachi Paraguay n'ime izu abụọ ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Adebayor le preguntaron cuándo volverá a Paraguay y esto respondió|url=https://d10.ultimahora.com/adebayor-dice-que-volvera-paraguay-dos-semanas-n2881627.html|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=d10.ultimahora.com|language=es}}</ref> Na mbido Julaị, a mara ọkwa na Adebayor, onye e nyere nkwekọrịta ruo n'ọnwa Disemba, agaghị alaghachi na klọb ahụ, site na nkwekọrịta abụọ, n'ihi nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke nje na-efe efe n'oge njem nakwa na ụgbọ elu na nkwụsịtụ dị mgbagwoju anya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tudn.com/futbol/150-mil-dolares-separan-a-adebayor-de-reportar-con-olimpia|title=150 mil dólares separan a Adebayor de reportar con Olimpia|work=Univision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.com.py/deportes/futbol/olimpia/2020/07/01/te-voy-a-extranar-el-adios-de-emmanuel-adebayor/|title="Te voy a extrañar", el adiós de Emmanuel Adebayor - Olimpia - ABC Color|work=www.abc.com.py}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcolombiano.com/deportes/futbol/el-olimpia-rescinde-el-contrato-con-adebayor-que-sigue-varado-en-togo-GE13244354|title=Olimpia rescindió el contrato de su fichaje estrella: Emmanuel Adebayor|date=30 June 2020|work=www.elcolombiano.com}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Adebayor kwuru na ọ chọrọ ịlaghachi Olimpia n'oge ụfọdụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/es-mx/noticias/santa-cruz-adebayor-quiere-volver-al-club-en-algun-momento/1sctoxt4jhvlc1sbdaoai43dd4|title="Adebayor quiere volver en algún momento" &#124; Goal.com|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> Adebayor gbara Olimpia egwuregwu anọ site na Febụwarị ruo Machị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://versus.lanacion.com.py/versus/2020/06/30/cuatro-partidos-217-minutos-y-una-expulsion-el-paso-de-adebayor-por-olimpia/|title=Cuatro partidos, 217 minutos y una expulsión: el paso de Adebayor por Olimpia|date=30 June 2020}}</ref> === Semassi === Mgbe ọ gachara Olimpia, Adebayor bịanyere aka na klọb Togolese Championnat National Semassi na July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.tiscali.it/calcio/articoli/emmanuel-adebayor-richiesta-500mila-dollari/|title=Gioca 4 partite e chiede 510mila dollari: la fine ingloriosa di Adebayor|work=Tiscali Sport|date=23 February 2022|accessdate=24 June 2022|language=it|archivedate=23 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223194212/https://sport.tiscali.it/calcio/articoli/emmanuel-adebayor-richiesta-500mila-dollari/}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == [[Usòrò:Emmanuel_Adebayor1.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Emmanuel_Adebayor1.jpg/170px-Emmanuel_Adebayor1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Adebayor na-egwuri egwu maka Togo na Mee 2006]] Adebayor ruru eru igwu egwu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Naijiria]] mana ọ họọrọ ịnọchite anya mba a mụrụ ya, Togo.<ref>''The list of Nigeria qualified players who, for various reasons, preferred to play for foreign countries is endless. ''</ref> Adebayor nyeere Togo aka iru eru maka 2006 Africa Cup of Nations mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu iri na otu na qualifiers, karịa onye ọ bụla ọzọ na African qualifiers. Na ụbọchị iri n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2009, Confederation of African Football (CAF) họọrọ Adebayor dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ nke Afọ Afrịka maka afọ 2008 na mmemme mmeri e mere na [[Lagos]], Naịjirịa. Adebayor meriri ndị ikpeazụ a họpụtara Mohamed Aboutrika nke Egypt na Michael Essien nke Ghana na ntuli aka nke metụtara ndị nkuzi otu mba nke mba iri ise na anọ nke CAF. Ọ bụ oge mbụ onye Togo meriri ihe nrite ahụ dị ka onye egwuregwu kachasị mma n'Africa. Adebayor nyeere Togo aka iru eru maka 2006 FIFA World Cup na Germany wee malite egwuregwu atọ niile megide South Korea, Switzerland na France, mana ọ nweghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọ bụla ma Togo mechara nọrọ n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ na otu ha. E mere Adebayor onye isi otu mgbe asọmpi ikpeazụ gasịrị. A kpọrọ Adebayor maka 2006 Africa Cup of Nations, ebe ọ nọchiri anya egwuregwu mbụ nke mba ahụ, na-esote ya na onye nkuzi. Adebayor buru ụzọ kwe nkwa ịhapụ asọmpi ahụ ma laghachi n'ụlọ, ọ bụ ezie na o mechara maliteghachi ọzụzụ n'akụkụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/4636070.stm|title=Adebayor future with Togo unclear|publisher=BBC Sport|date=22 January 2006|accessdate=20 June 2010}}</ref> E wepụrụ Togo mgbe ha meriri egwuregwu atọ ahụ. Togo tụpụrụ ya n'ihi esemokwu banyere ịkwụ ụgwọ ego.<ref name="Togo axe Adebayor and two others">{{Cite news|title=Togo axe Adebayor and two others|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6494073.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, e weghachiri Adebayor n'ime ndị otu Togo na Septemba 2007. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2008, ọ gbara goolu anọ na 6-0 nke Togo na Swaziland n'oge asọmpi asọmpi iko mba ụwa. N'agbanyeghị na o merụrụ ahụ, Adebayor gbara bọọlụ maka Togo megide Cameroon. N'egwuregwu ahụ, ọ gbara naanị goolu maka Togo iji mechie mmeri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/2009/03/29/togo-1-cameroon-0-arsenal-s-emmanuel-adebayor-back-on-target-115875-21237638/|title=Togo 1 Cameroon 0: Arsenal's Emmanuel Adebayor back on target|work=Daily Mirror|date=29 March 2009|accessdate=20 June 2010}}</ref> Na ụbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa janua Jenụwarị, 2010. Adebayor bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu na-etinye aka mgbe bọs nke ndị otu mba Togo dara n'okpuru mwakpo égbè n'ụzọ na-aga Africa Cup of Nations na Angola.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8449319.stm|work=BBC News|title=Togo footballers shot in ambush|date=8 January 2010|accessdate=2 May 2010}}</ref> Mwakpo ahụ, nke ndị egwuregwu niile lanarịrị ma mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ nwụrụ, mere ka Togo pụọ na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8449611.stm|work=BBC News|title=Togo pulls team out of Africa Cup|date=9 January 2010|accessdate=2 May 2010}}</ref> Adebayor kwupụtara ezumike nká ya na bọọlụụbọchị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa a ụwa na 12 Eprel 2010 na nkwupụta nke na-agụ, "M tụlere mmetụta m n'ime izu na ọnwa kemgbe mwakpo ahụ ma ihe ndị m hụrụ n'ehihie ahụ jọgburu onwe ya na bọs ndị otu Togo ka na-enye m nsogbu. Anyị bụ naanị ndị na-agba bọọlụ na-aga igwu egwuregwu bọọlụ ma na-anọchite anya mba anyị, ma ndị chọrọ igbu anyị niile wakporo anyị. Ọ bụ oge m na-agaghị echefu echefu na nke m na-achọghị ịnwale ọzọ. "<ref>{{Cite news|title=Manchester City striker Emmanuel Adebayor retires from international football|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=12 April 2010|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/mancity/7583196/Manchester-City-striker-Emmanuel-Adebayor-retires-from-international-football.html|accessdate=12 April 2010|archive-date=16 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416162450/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/mancity/7583196/Manchester-City-striker-Emmanuel-Adebayor-retires-from-international-football.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Adebayor laghachiri n'ọrụ mba ụwa na Nọvemba 2011 na-agbaso mmesi obi ike sitere na Togolese Football Federation banyere nchekwa, na-eme ka ọ laghachi na mmeri 1 Xia0 meriri Guinea-Bissau na 2014 World Cup qualifier.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sannie|first=Ibrahim|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/15661001.stm|title=Tottenham's Adebayor comes out of Togo retirement|work=BBC News|date=10 November 2011|accessdate=22 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/nov/15/emmanuel-adebayor-world-cup-qualifying|title=Emmanuel Adebayor in winning return for Togo in World Cup qualifying|work=The Guardian|date=15 November 2011|accessdate=22 November 2011}}</ref> Mgbe ọ jụrụ igwu egwu na mbido afọ ahụ, a kpọghachiri ya ọzọ na Nọvemba 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|title=Emmanuel Adebayor: Veteran striker named in Togo squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46090074|accessdate=8 March 2019|work=BBC Sport|date=4 November 2018}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2019, a họpụtara ya maka asọmpi asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke 2019 megide Benin.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Barrie|first=Mohamed Fajah|title=Emmanuel Adebayor: Veteran striker in Togo squad for crucial Afcon qualifier|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47470318|accessdate=8 March 2019|work=BBC Sport|date=6 March 2019}}</ref> == Ụdị egwuregwu == Mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na Arsenal, onye njikwa klọb ahụ bụ Arsene Wenger jiri Adebayor tụnyere otu n'ime nnukwu mmetụta ya dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ, Nwankwo Kanu, ma kọwaa ya dị ka "ogologo, dị mma na ikuku" ma nwee ike ịme ezigbo ọsọ n'azụ ndị na-agbachitere ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fr.uefa.com/insideuefa/news/newsid=386720.html|title=Adebayor states Arsenal case|publisher=UEFA.com|author=Brennan|first=Dan|date=20 January 2006|accessdate=1 June 2020}}</ref> Adebayor na-eyi uwe elu nke iri abụọ na ise na Arsenal, dị ka Idol ya, na uwe elu nke nọmba nke anọ na mba ụwa, ebe e nyere ya ọbụna aha njirimara "Baby Kanu" na mgbasa ozi n'ihi ụdị egwu ha yiri.<ref name="Players to Watch">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/world-cup-players-to-watch/g-1800549|title=World Cup Players to Watch – Togo: Emmanuel Adebayor|publisher=DW.com|accessdate=6 June 2020}}</ref> A makwaara ya maka ọsọ ya, ike ya, na usoro ya, yana ịgba goolu ya na ikike ya ijikọ ya na ndị otu ya. Otú ọ dị, a makwaara ya maka enweghị ọzụzụ, ọkachasị na mmalite ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ae/news/emmanuel-adebayor-african-legend-of-the-week/11zi6oyeh23rh1mtlwfo9owka2|title=Emmanuel Adebayor: African Legend of the Week|publisher=Goal.com|date=16 February 2017|accessdate=6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/1717/editorial/2009/01/01/1036160/the-goalcom-50-emmanuel-adebayor-27|title=The Goal.com 50: Emmanuel Adebayor (27)|publisher=Goal.com|author=Lister|first=Graham|date=1 January 2009|accessdate=6 June 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ mgbasa ozi == Adebayor bụ onye ọkachamara maka BBC Sport's 2010 FIFA World Cup coverage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/jun/05/tv-radio-guide-world-cup-2010|title=TV and radio guide: The best ways to follow the World Cup|first=Owen|author=Gibson|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=4 June 2010|accessdate=21 June 2010}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Adebayor lụrụ di ma nwee nwa nwanyị aha ya bụ Kendra onye(amụrụ na June 2010).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/emmanuel-adebayor-no-regrets-2377271.html|title=Emmanuel Adebayor: No Regrets|work=The Independent|date=29 October 2011|accessdate=29 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/feb/22/tottenham-emmanuel-adebayor-togo-federation|title=Tottenham's Emmanuel Adebayor blames Togo federation for late return|work=The Guardian|date=23 February 2013|accessdate=23 February 2013}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanne nna nke onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti Georgia Revolution FC bụ Alex Harlley.<ref name="Hounds Announce">{{Cite web|title=Hounds Announce First Offseason Roster Moves|url=http://riverhounds.com/newsstory/hounds-announce-first-offseason-roster-moves/|publisher=Pittsburgh Riverhounds|accessdate=5 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204060323/http://riverhounds.com/newsstory/hounds-announce-first-offseason-roster-moves/|archivedate=4 February 2016}}</ref> N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Adebayor na ezinụlọ ya biri n'ụlọ na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ ụlọ ịsa ahụ, iji sachaa onwe ha, ha ga-aga n'ụsọ osimiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HOY / Curiosidades y confesiones de Emmanuel Adebayor, la super estrella de Olimpia|url=https://www.hoy.com.py/deportes/curiosidades-y-confesiones-de-emmanuel-adebayor-la-super-estrella-de-olimpia|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=www.hoy.com.py|language=es}}</ref> Adebayor ekwuola banyere okwukwe ya, na-ekwu, sị, "Ihe niile m na-eme na ndụ m tinyere n'aka Chineke, onye okike m. O nyere m ohere ịnọ ebe m nọ taa ma ọ bụ ya nwere ike iwepụ ya niile n'ebe m nọ. Ọ dịghị ihe dị mkpa nye m karịa Chineke". Adebayor enweghị ike ịga ije maka afọ anọ mbụ nke ndụ ya. Nne ya kpọọrọ Adebayor na-eto eto gburugburu Africa na-achọ ọgwụgwọ. Adebayor kwuru banyere "ọrụ ebube" ya na-ekwu, "Anọ m na chọọchị na-edina ala, n'ihe dị ka elekere itoolu ma ọ bụ iri n'ụtụtụ Sọnde, enwere m ike ịnụ ụmụaka na-egwuri egwu n'èzí. Na mberede, mmadụ gbara bọọlụ n'ime ụlọ ụka ahụ. Onye mbụ biliri ma gbaa ọsọ bụ m, n'ihi na achọrọ m inweta bọọlụ ahụ. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/arsenal/4444076/Arsenal-striker-Emmanuel-Adebayors-football-miracle-taught-him-to-walk.html|title=Arsenal striker Emmanuel Adebayor's football 'miracle' taught him to walk|first=Richard|author=Bright|date=3 February 2009|work=telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=27 August 2019}}</ref> Na ụbọchị ise n'ọnwa Mee 2015, Adebayor dere ogologo ozi na Facebook ọha ya na-akọwa nsogbu ezinụlọ ya. Nsogbu ndị a gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ikwu na-arịọ maka nnukwu ego, nwanne ya nwanyị na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọ zụrụ ya n'amaghị ya, na nsogbu ndị gbara ọnwụ nwanne ya nwoke Peter gburugburu. N'ọnwa Julaị 2017, Adebayor kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ gbasara nsogbu ezinụlọ ya na nwanne ya nwoke nwụrụ anwụ zigaara Real Madrid akwụkwọ ozi na-arịọ ha ka ha ghara idebe Adebayor mgbe ọ gbazitere ego.<ref name="I don't talk to my family">{{Cite web|title=Adebayor: I don't talk to my family any more|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-40610939/adebayor-i-don-t-talk-to-my-family-any-more|accessdate=18 July 2017}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|4 April 2020}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/emmanuel-adebayor/598/ |title=Togo - E. Adebayor |website=Soccerway |publisher=Soccerway.com |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref>Dị ka 4 Apira 2020. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="3" |Metz |200102 |Nkewa 1 |10 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |11 |2 |- |200203 |Njikọ nke 2 |34 |13 |2 |0 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |40 |15 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !44 !15 !3 !0 !4 !2 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !51 !17 |- | rowspan="4" |Monaco |200304 |Njikọ 1 |31 |8 |4 |0 |0 |0 |9 |0 |44 |8 |- |200405 |Njikọ 1 |34 |9 |2 |0 |4 |3 |10 |2 |50 |14 |- |200506 |Njikọ 1 |13 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |7 |3 |21 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !78 !18 !6 !0 !5 !3 !26 !5 !115 !26 |- | rowspan="5" |Arsenal |200506 |Njikọ Premier |13 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |13 |4 |- |200607 |Njikọ Premier |29 |8 |3 |2 |4 |2 |8 |0 |44 |12 |- |2007-08 |Njikọ Premier |36 |24 |2 |2 |1 |1 |9 |3 |48 |30 |- |200809 |Njikọ Premier |26 |10 |2 |0 |0 |0 |9 |6 |37 |16 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !104 !46 !7 !4 !5 !3 !26 !9 !142 !62 |- | rowspan="3" |Manchester City |2009 na iri |Njikọ Premier |26 |14 |2 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |31 |14 |- |2010-11 |Njikọ Premier |8 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |4 |14 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !34 !15 !2 !0 !3 !0 !6 !4 !45 !19 |- |Real Madrid (ụgwọ) |2010-11 |Njikọ ahụ |14 |5 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |6 |2 |22 |8 |- |Tottenham Hotspur (ụgwọ) |2011-12 |Njikọ Premier |33 |17 |4 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |37 |18 |- | rowspan="4" |Tottenham Hotspur |201213 |Njikọ Premier |25 |5 |1 |0 |0 |0 |8 |3 |34 |8 |- |201314 |Njikọ Premier |21 |11 |1 |0 |1 |1 |2 |2 |25 |14 |- |2014-15 |Njikọ Premier |13 |2 |1 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |17 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !92 !35 !7 !1 !2 !1 !12 !5 !113 !42 |- |Crystal Palace |201516 |Njikọ Premier |12 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |15 |1 |- | rowspan="4" |İstanbul Başakşehir |201617 |Süper Lig |11 |6 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |16 |7 |- |2017 18 |Süper Lig |30 |15 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |5 |1 |36 |17 |- |201819 |Süper Lig |19 |3 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |1 |0 |24 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !60 !24 !10 !3 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !6 !1 !76 !28 |- |Kayserispor |201920 |Süper Lig |8 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |0 |0 |8 |2 |- |Olimpia |2020 |Nkewa nke Mbụ |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |2 |0 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ zuru ezu !451 !161 !40 !9 !19 !9 !84 !26 !591 !205 |} === Mba ụwa === '''Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ'''{{updated|24 March 2019}}<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/adebayor-intlg.html|title=Emmanuel Sheyi Adebayor – Goals in International Matches|publisher = RSSSF}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="21" |Togo |- |2000 |4 |0 |- |2001 |1 |0 |- |2002 |3 |1 |- |2003 |4 |2 |- |2004 |5 |4 |- |2005 |6 |6 |- |2006 |7 |0 |- |2007 |6 |4 |- |2008 |6 |5 |- |2009 |6 |1 |- |2010 |0 |0 |- |2011 |1 |0 |- |2012 |4 |3 |- |2013 |4 |1 |- |2014 |6 |2 |- |2015 |1 |1 |- |2016 |8 |0 |- |2017 |8 |1 |- |2018 |4 |0 |- |2019 |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !85 !32 |} '''Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa''' : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Togo nke mbụ''<ref name="NFT Profile">{{Cite web|title=NFT Profile|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/6618/Emmanuel_Adebayor.html|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" !Mba. !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ndị a tụrụ !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |{{center|1}} |12 Ọktoba 2002 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Mauritania |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|1–0}} |2004 African Cup of Nations iru eru |- |{{center|2}} |8 June 2003 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Cape Verde |{{center|5–2}} |{{center|5–2}} |2004 African Cup of Nations iru eru |- |{{center|3}} |16 Nọvemba 2003 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Equatorial Guinea |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|2–0}} |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|4}} |20 June 2004 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Senegal |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|3–1}} |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|5}} | rowspan="2" |5 Septemba 2004 | rowspan="2" |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | rowspan="2" | Congo |{{center|1–0}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |2 na 0 | rowspan="2" |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|6}} |{{center|2–0}} |- |{{center|7}} |10 Ọktoba 2004 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Mali |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|1–0}} |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|8}} | rowspan="2" |June 5, 2005 | rowspan="2" |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | rowspan="2" | Zambia |{{center|1–0}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |4 Na 1 | rowspan="2" |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|9}} |{{center|4–1}} |- |{{center|10}} |18 June 2005 |Egwuregwu Leopold Senghor, Dakar, Senegal | Senegal |{{center|2–2}} |{{center|2–2}} |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|11}} | rowspan="2" |4 Septemba 2005 | rowspan="2" |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | rowspan="2" | Liberia |{{center|1–0}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |30 | rowspan="2" |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|12}} |{{center|3–0}} |- |{{center|13}} |8 Ọktoba 2005 |Stade Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo | Congo |{{center|1–1}} |{{center|3–2}} |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|14}} |7 Febụwarị 2007 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Cameroon |{{center|2–0}} |{{center|2–2}} |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |{{center|15}} | rowspan="2" |24 Machị 2007 | rowspan="2" |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | rowspan="2" | Sierra Leone |{{center|1–0}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |31 Nke 1 | rowspan="2" |2008 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |{{center|16}} |{{center|3–1}} |- |{{center|17}} |21 Nọvemba 2007 |Ohene Djan Stadium, Accra, Ghana | United Arab Emirates |{{center|5–0}} |{{center|5–0}} |Ghana Four Nations Tournament |- |{{center|18}} |20 Ọgọstụ 2008 |Ogige egwuregwu Vieux Pré, Dreux, France | DR Congo |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|1–2}} |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |{{center|19}} | rowspan="4" |11 Ọktoba 2008 | rowspan="4" |Ohene Djan Stadium, Accra, Ghana | rowspan="4" | Swaziland |{{center|2–0}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |60 | rowspan="4" |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|20}} |{{center|4–0}} |- |{{center|21}} |{{center|5–0}} |- |{{center|22}} |{{center|6–0}} |- |{{center|23}} |28 Machị 2009 |Ohene Djan Stadium, Accra, Ghana | Cameroon |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|1–0}} |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |{{center|24}} |8 Septemba 2012 |Ámá Egwuregwu Angondjé, Libreville, Gabon | Gabon |{{center|1–1}} |{{center|1–1}} | rowspan="2" |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |{{center|25}} |14 Ọktoba 2012 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Gabon |{{center|2–0}} |{{center|2–1}} |- |{{center|26}} |14 Nọvemba 2012 |Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca, Morocco | Morocco |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|1–0}} |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |{{center|27}} |26 Jenụwarị 2013 |Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Phokeng, South Africa | Algeria |{{center|1–0}} |{{center|2–0}} |2013 Africa Cup of Nations |- |{{center|28}} |10 Septemba 2014 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Ghana |{{center|2–2}} |{{center|2–3}} |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |{{center|29}} |15 Nọvemba 2014 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Guinea |{{center|4–1}} |{{center|4–1}} |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |{{center|30}} |14 June 2015 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Liberia |{{center|2–1}} |{{center|2–1}} |2017 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |{{center|31}} |12 Nọvemba 2017 |Egwuregwu Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Mauritius |{{center|4–0}} |{{center|6–0}} |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |{{center|32}} |24 Machị 2019 |Egwuregwu Amitié, Cotonou, Benin | Benin |{{center|1–1}} |{{center|1–2}} |2019 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Monaco''' * Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Champions League: 2003<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2003/matches/round=1716/match=1065206/index.html|title=Final: Monaco 0–3 Porto: Overview|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=19 April 2019|archive-date=4 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204011931/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2003/matches/round=1716/match=1065206/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Arsenal''' * Onye nke abụọ n'asọmpi bọọlụ: 2006<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/league_cup/6371613.stm|title=Chelsea 2–1 Arsenal: Match report|publisher=BBC Sport|date=25 February 2007}}</ref> '''Real Madrid''' * Iko nke Eze: 201011<ref name="copa11"/> '''Crystal Palace''' * Onye nke abụọ na FA Cup: 2015-16<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36292265|title=Crystal Palace 1–2 Manchester United|first=Phil|author=McNulty|publisher=BBC Sport|date=21 May 2016|accessdate=19 May 2019}}</ref> '''Togo''' * Four Nations Tournament (Ghana) nke atọ: 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesg/gha-4nat-07.html|title=Four Nation Tournament (Ghana) 2007|work=www.rsssf.com}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke afọ nke BBC: 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/7194709.stm|title=Adebayor wins BBC player award|publisher=BBC Sport|date=20 February 2001|accessdate=16 March 2017}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu Afrịka nke Afọ: 2008<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 January 2000|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/afr-poy.html|title=African Player of the Year|publisher=[[rsssf.com]]|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> * Ihe mgbaru ọsọ BBC nke Oge: 2007-08<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/match_of_the_day/7256721.stm|title=Goal of the season|date=5 June 2008|accessdate=15 December 2011|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> * Ndị otu PFA nke Afọ Premier League: 2007<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/7370319.stm|title=Ronaldo named player of the year|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 April 2008|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> == Hụkwa == *  Football in Africa portal == Ndemsibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * Emmanuel Adebayor at tottenhamhotspur.com at the Wayback Machine (archived 30 May 2014) * Emmanuel Adebayor – French league stats at LFP – also available in French * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/indepth/african_footballer_2008.shtml BBC World Service: Onye bọọlụ bọọlụ Afrịka nke Afọ 2008] * Emmanuel Adebayor at ESPN FC * Emmanuel Adebayor at Soccerway {{DEFAULTSORT:Adebayor, Emmanuel}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:21st-century Togolese people]] [[Òtù:Tottenham Hotspur FC player]] [[Òtù:Sportspeople nke Nigeria]] [[Òtù:Togolese people of Nigeria descent]] [[Òtù:Togolese footballers]] [[Òtù:Togolese expatriates sportspeople in Tu]] [[Òtù:Togolese expatriate sportspeople in S]] [[Òtù:Togolese expatriates in Paraguay]] [[Òtù:Togolese expatriate sportspeople]] [[Òtù:Togolese expatriate footballers]] [[Òtù:Togolese Christians]] [[Òtù:Togo International footballers]] [[Òtù:Super Lig player]] [[Òtù:Real Madrid CF players]] [[Òtù:Premier League players]] [[Òtù:Paraguayan Primera División players]] [[Òtù:Manchester City FC players]] [[Òtù:Ligue 2 players]] [[Òtù:Kayserispor footballers]] [[Òtù:Istanbul Başakşehir FK players]] [[Òtù:FC Metz players]] [[Òtù:Expatriate footballers in Turkey]] [[Òtù:Expatriate footballers in Spain]] [[Òtù:Expatriate footballers in Paraguayan]] [[Òtù:Expatriate footballers in Monaco]] [[Òtù:Expatriate footballers in France]] [[Òtù:Expatriate footballers in England]] [[Òtù:Crystal Palace FC player]] [[Òtù:Club Olimpia footballers]] [[Òtù:Association football forward]] [[Òtù:As Monaco FC players]] [[Òtù:Arsenal FC players]] [[Òtù:African Footballer of the Year winners]] [[Òtù:2017 African Cup of Nationss players]] [[Òtù:2013 African Cup of Nations players]] [[Òtù:2010 African Cup of Nations players]] [[Òtù:2006 FIFA World Cup of Nations players]] [[Òtù:2006 African Cup of Nations players]] [[Òtù:2002 African Cup of Nations players]] [[Òtù:Yoruba sports people]] [[Òtù:Sportspeople from Lome]] [[Òtù:CSI French - language sources (fr)]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1984]] 9yyiy2rkh0hewwyeqjm2drxdh02y238 0 19867 727768 621345 2026-09-25T00:56:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727768 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''High Television''' (nke a makwaara dị ka '''HiTV''') bụ ọrụ telivishọn satellite dijitalụ nke Entertainment Highway na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], nke a malitere na 2007. O jiri teknụzụ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926231200/https://www.hypercable.fr/ Hypercable] Digital Terrestrial mee ihe wee malite teknụzụ Satellite Direct to Home (DTH) na August 1, 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HiTV Hypercable Case Study|publisher=Hypercable International|url=http://www.hycint.com/casestudies/casestudies_HiTV.htm|accessdate=2008-04-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401062853/http://www.hycint.com/casestudies/casestudies_HiTV.htm|archivedate=2008-04-01}}</ref> HiTV mechara gbasaa ihe ya naanị na satellite na ọnụahịa nke ₦3,500 ($27.73) kwa ọnwa. Ọ bụ ikpo okwu telivishọn mbụ n'Africa iji tinye Hypercable, usoro decoder TV na-akwụ ụgwọ kwa nlele. A kwụsịrị ọrụ HiTV na Nọvemba 2011 n'ihi nsogbu ego. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ adịghịzi adị. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-enye ọrụ telivishọn satellite na Naịjirịa == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.hypercable.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=9&Itemid=19&lang=fr Hypercable Case Studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220016/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/suntech/2006/dec/06/suntech-06-12-2006-003.htm Hi-TV na-ejide DStv na ọwa Naija-centric] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100126194154/http://www.uefa.com/uefa/keytopics/kind=131072/newsid=709934.html HiTV meriri Nigeria Pay TV ikike] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220915213711/http://www.thenewsng.com/modules/zmagazine/article.php?articleid=18309 DStv nabatara HiTV] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/200710170298.html HiTV na-agbakwunye ọwa ọhụrụ na ụyọkọ ya.] * [https://archive.today/20080229190434/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/suntech/2007/aug/08/suntech-08-08-2007-003.htm HiTV iji nye ọrụ mgbasa ozi satellite na NigComSat Platform] * [http://www.olafusimichael.com/2011/03/how-i-added-free-to-air-fta-channels-on.html Tinye ọwa FTA na HiTV] p4ssld5mhmvvwb1e0vzhaza5dcxfm9b 0 19974 727734 186261 2026-09-24T21:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerald Mbamalu''' {{Audio|Ig-Gerald Mbamalu.ogg|Audio}} bụ onye ọchịchị ọdịnala nke Ojoto na ọkpụrụ ọchịchị ịme obodo [[Idemili South|Idemili-South]] nke Anambra Steetị, [[Igboland|ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ]] Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sun News|date=19 March 2021|title=Eze Ojoto III celebrates Ofala Festival|work=The Sun|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/eze-ojoto-iii-celebrates-ofala-festival/|accessdate=29 May 2022}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nke anọ nke nne na nna ya, Aloysius na Philomina Mbamalu.<ref name="Gloria">{{Cite news|author=Gloria|first=Anaeze|date=2 April 2018|title=Ojoto Community Coronates New Monarch|work=Independent|url=https://independent.ng/ojoto-community-coronates-new-monarch/|accessdate=14 June 2022}}</ref> E kpunyere Gerald Mbamalu okpueze na Eprel 1, 2018 dị ka Eze Ojoto nke Atọ na Ezeanyelu nke Mbụ site n'aka ndị na-eme eze nke obodo ahụ tịnye kwara ndị Igwe-in-Council ya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Anaeze|first=Gloria|date=2018|title=Ojoto Community Coronates New Monarch|work=Independent Newspaper|url=https://www.independent.ng/ojoto-community-coronates-new-monarch/}}</ref> Ọ nọchiri Igwe Augustine Obidiwe (Eze Ojoto II) onye nwụrụ n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Gloria|first=Anaeze|date=2 April 2018|title=Ojoto Community Coronates New Monarch|work=Independent|url=https://independent.ng/ojoto-community-coronates-new-monarch/|accessdate=6 June 2022}}</ref> E nyere asambodo nkwado nke gọọmentị dịka Iwu Ndị Ọchịchị Ọdịnala nke 1981 si dị site n'aka Gọvanọ Anambra Steeti n'oge ahụ bụ [[Willie Obiano]] na Febụwarị 20, 2018.<ref name="Gloria"/> E dekọrọ Ofalla mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2, 2021 kemgbe okpueze ya na [[Iri Ji ọhụrụ ndi Igbo|emume]] ịwa jị ohụrụ na Ọgọst 5, 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Rapheal|first=Rapheal|date=19 March 2021|title=Eze Ojoto III celebrates Ofala Festival|work=Sun New Online|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/eze-ojoto-iii-celebrates-ofala-festival/|accessdate=15 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=David|first=Sunny|date=2021|title=Traditional ruler of Ojoto, Igwe Mbamalu celebrates first Ofala festival with pomp|work=Apex News Exclusive|url=https://apexnewsexclusive.com/traditional-ruler-of-ojoto-igwe-mbamalu-celebrates-first-ofala-festival-with-pomp/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Osadebe|first=Emegini|date=2020|title=Ojoto Community Celebrates New Yam Festival|work=Anambra Broadcasting Service|url=http://www.absradiotv.com/2020/08/13/ojoto-community-celebrates-new-yam-festival/|archive-date=2025-01-29|access-date=2022-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129031745/http://www.absradiotv.com/2020/08/13/ojoto-community-celebrates-new-yam-festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Uzor|first=Ugwunze|date=14 August 2017|title=Ojoto goes agog with Ufiejioku festival|work=Orient Daily News|url=https://orientdailynews.com/news/ojoto-goes-agog-with-ufiejioku-festival/|accessdate=15 June 2022}}</ref> == Ndị eze ojoto gara aga == E chiri Igwe Abel E. Adirika eze dị ka Ezebube I nke Ojoto (narị afọ nke iri na itoolu) HRH Igwe Augustine Obidiwe bụ onye e chiri igwe dị ka Azeakajiofoana E chịrị Igwe Gerald Mbamalu igwe d''ịka'' Eze Ojoto nke Atọ na Ezeoranyelu nke Mbụ (2018 ugbu a).<ref name=":0"/> == Hụkwa == * Obi nke Onitsha * Oba nke Benin * Olofin Adimula Oodua * [[Igwe Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III|Igwe Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu nke Atọ]] == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171710/https://guardian.ng/tag/igwe-gerald-mbamalu/ Igwe Gerald Mbamalu Archives] * [https://www.sunnewsonline.com/tag/hrh-igwe-gerald-mbamalu-ksm/ Eze Ojoto nke Atọ na-eme emume Ofala] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị echịchị Naijrịa]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1967]] 8wnqtixhfbf402wv9lrk5g2rutzzgqj 0 20617 727717 724878 2026-09-24T19:59:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727717 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Ndọndȯ Naigeria}} {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist" ! class="sidebar-title" |<div class="adr">[[Politics of Nigeria]]</div> |- ![[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg|125x125px]] |- ! style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid" | |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Constitution of Nigeria|Constitution]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[Human rights in Nigeria|Human rights]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[President of Nigeria|President]] ([[List of heads of state of Nigeria|list]]) *: [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Vice President of Nigeria|Vice President]] *: [[Yemi Osinbajo]] * [[Cabinet of Nigeria|Cabinet]] * [[List of Nigerian agencies|Federal Parastatals]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[National Assembly (Nigeria)|Legislature]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * '''[[National Assembly of Nigeria]]''' ---- * '''[[Senate (Nigeria)|Senate]]''' ---- * [[President of the Nigerian Senate|President]] [[Ahmed Lawan]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]]) <br /><br /><br /><br /> * [[Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate|Deputy President]] [[Ovie Omo-Agege]] (APC) * [[Nigerian Senators of the 9th National Assembly|(List of Members of the Senate)]] ---- * '''[[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|House of Representatives]]''' ---- * [[Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives|Speaker]] [[Femi Gbajabiamila]] (APC) <br /><br /><br /><br /> * Deputy Speaker [[Ahmed Idris Wase]] (APC) * ([[List of members of the House of Representatives of Nigeria, 2019–2023|List of Members of the House]]) ---- * '''State Delegations''' ---- * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Abia|Abia]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Adamawa|Adamawa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Anambra|Anambra]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bauchi|Bauchi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bayelsa|Bayelsa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Benue|Benue]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Borno|Borno]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Cross River|Cross River]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Delta|Delta]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Edo|Edo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ekiti|Ekiti]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Enugu|Enugu]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Gombe|Gombe]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Imo|Imo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Jigawa|Jigawa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kaduna|Kaduna]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kano|Kano]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Katsina|Katsina]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kebbi|Kebbi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kogi|Kogi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kwara|Kwara]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Lagos|Lagos]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Nasarawa|Nasarawa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Niger|Niger]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ogun|Ogun]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ondo|Ondo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Osun|Osun]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Oyo|Oyo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Plateau|Plateau]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Rivers|Rivers]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Sokoto|Sokoto]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Taraba|Taraba]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Yobe|Yobe]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Zamfara|Zamfara]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from the Federal Capital Territory|FCT]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[Supreme Court of Nigeria|Supreme Court]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Subdivisions of Nigeria|Subdivisions]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[States of Nigeria|States]] *: [[List of state governors of Nigeria|State governors]] * [[Local government areas of Nigeria|Local Government Areas]] * [[Lists of villages in Nigeria|Villages]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Elections in Nigeria|Elections]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * Recent elections *: <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * Presidential: [[2015 Nigerian general election|2015]] * [[2019 Nigerian general election|2019]] * [[2023 Nigerian general election|''2023'']] </div> *: <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * Parliamentary: [[2015 Nigerian general election|2015]] * [[2019 Nigerian general election|2019]] * [[2023 Nigerian general election|''2023'']] </div> * [[List of political parties in Nigeria|Political parties]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Foreign relations of Nigeria|Foreign relations]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * Ministry of Foreign Affairs *: [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nigeria)|Minister]]: [[Geoffrey Onyeama]] ---- * [[List of diplomatic missions of Nigeria|Diplomatic missions of]] / [[List of diplomatic missions in Nigeria|in Nigeria]] ---- * [[Nigerian nationality law|Nationality law]] * [[Nigerian passport|Passport]] * [[Visa requirements for Nigerian citizens|Visa requirements]] * [[Visa policy of Nigeria|Visa policy]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-below" | [[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=flag|border|class=noviewer|32x32px]]&nbsp;[[Portal:Nigeria|Nigeria&#x20;portal]] <div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> * [[Outline of political science#Politics by region|Other countries]] </div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} [[Usòrò:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg/300px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg.png|thumb|300x300px|Mba ndị Naịjirịa na ha nwere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta.]] Kemgbe nnwere onwe, ha na Jaja Wachuku dị ka onye ozi mbụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na mmekọrịta Commonwealth, nke a na-akpọzi ihe gbasara mba ọzọ, a na-elekwasị anya na Afrịka dị ka ike mpaghara na site na itinye aka na ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi: ịdị n'otu na nnwere onwe Afrịka; ikike iji nwee mmetụta dị ike na mpaghara ahụ: idozi esemokwu n'udo; enweghị nkwekọrịta na ntinye aka na-enweghị ebumnuche na ihe omume ime obodo nke mba ndị ọzọ; yana mmekorita akụ na ụba mpaghara na mmepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Victor|first=Uzu|title=Evolution of Nigeria foreign policy|url=https://www.academia.edu/9403117|language=en}}</ref> N'imezu ụkpụrụ ndị a, Naịjirịa na-ekere òkè na African Union, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Non-Aligned Movement, Commonwealth of Nations, na United Nations. == Naịjirịa na nnwere onwe nke Afrika == Mgbe ha nwetara nnwere onwe n'afọ 1960, Naịjirịa tinyere onwe ha n'oge na-adịghị anya iji melite ndụ ndị obodo ha na iji ihe onwunwe ndị ka dị mkpa maka akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ na ndị agbata obi ya. Site n'ịhụ uru na nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka mba ahụ, Naịjirịa ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị bipụtara Organisation for African Unity (OAU), nke mesịrị ghọọ African Union. Òtù maka African Unity na-enyocha nkwụsi ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mba Afrịka ọ bụla ma na-agba ha ume ka ha nwee nzukọ mpaghara maka njikọ ahụ. Naịjirịa kwadoro African National Congress (ANC) site n'ịgbalịsi ike n'ihe gbasara gọọmentị South Africa na ọrụ agha ha na ndịda Africa. Nigeria na Organisation for African Unity (OAU, ugbu a African Union), nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mba Afrịka dị na odida anyanwu na Africa n'ozuzu. Naịjirịa guzobekwara mgbalị mmekorita mpaghara na West Afrika, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ebu ọkọlọtọ maka ECOWAS na ECOMOG, òtù akụ na ụba na nke agha, n'otu n'otu. N'otu aka ahụ, mgbe agha obodo malitere na Angola mgbe mba ahụ nwetara nnwere onwe site na Portugal n'afọ 1975, Naịjirịa kwadoro ikike nnọchiteanya ya n'Africa iji kwado Popular Movement for the Liberation of [[Angola]] (MPLA). Nkwado ahụ nyere aka mee ka nguzozi dị n'ihu ha, nke mere ka OAU kwado MPLA karịa National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. Naịjirịa nyere nkwado na ihe ọzọ, Sam Nujoma's Southwest Africa People's Organization na [[Namibia]], iji kwụsị ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke South Afrika guzobere n'ebe ahụ. N'afọ 1977, ọchịchị ndị agha ọhụrụ nke General Olusegun Obasanjo nyere onyinye nde $ 20 maka mmegharị Zimbabwe megide ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke Rhodesia. Naịjirịa zigakwara ngwá agha na Mozambique iji nyere mba ahụ nweere onwe ya aka ịkwụsị ndị agha nnupụisi nke Mozambican National Resistance nke South Africa kwadoro. Naịjirịa nyekwara ọzụzụ agha ụfọdụ na ngalaba ndị agha [[Kaduna]] nke mbụ na nkwado ihe ndị ọzọ nye ndị agha guerrilla nke Joshua Nkomo na Robert Mugabe n'oge Agha Zimbabwe n'afọ 1979 megide ọchịchị ndị ọcha nke Praịm Minista Ian Douglas Smith, nke gọọmentị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke South Afrika kwadoro. N'ihi enweghị ezi nchịkwa nke akụ na ụba na teknụzụ ya, Naịjirịa kwupụtara na ọ na-amalite usoro nuklia nke "enweghị njedebe" nke ya mana ọ dara. Mgbe nnwere onwe Naịjirịa gasịrị n'afọ 1960, Naịjirịa gosipụtara ịdị mkpa ya n'imeziwanye akụ na ụba maka ndị mmadụ wee malite ime ka ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na-azụ ahịa ma mebie mmachibido iwu akụ na ụba / azụmahịa nke ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ South Afrika, ọrụ mpaghara nke ụlọ akụ nke Barclays ghọrọ nke mba mgbe ụlọ akụ ahụ leghaara mkpesa siri ike nke ndị Naịjiria. Naịjirịa mekwara ka British Petroleum (BP) bụrụ nke mba maka ịnye mmanụ na South Africa. N'afọ 1982, gọọmentị Alhaji Shehu Shagari gbara Popu John Paul nke Abụọ na-eleta ya ume ka o nye ndị isi nke òtù ndị agha okpuru nke Southern Africa Oliver Tambo nke ANC na Sam Nujoma nke SWAPO ndị na-ege ntị. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1983, ọchịchị ọhụrụ Major General [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kwupụtara na Naịjirịa enweghịzi ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'Africa. Otú ọ dị, Naịjirịja bụ mba ndị isi ojii kachasị n'ụwa n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya, Naịjarị nwere nnukwu ikike ma n'oge na-adịghị anya ga-etolite ịbụ ike ị ga-atụle na ụwa. == Naịjirịa na Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka == N'ịchụso ebumnuche nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na mmepe mpaghara, Naịjirịa nyere aka mepụta ECOWAS, nke na-achọ ime ka azụmahịa na itinye ego kwekọọ na mba iri na isii so na West Africa, n'ikpeazụ nweta njikọ omenala zuru oke, ma guzobe otu ego. Naịjirịa na-ebute ụzọ n'ịkọwa echiche nke mba ndị na-emepe emepe banyere mkpa ọ dị maka mgbanwe nke usoro akụ na ụba mba ụwa dị ugbu a. Naịjirịa arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na mbọ ECOWAS na-agba iji kwụsị agha obodo na Liberia ma nye aka n'ọtụtụ ndị agha na-ahụ maka udo nke ECOWES zigara ebe ahụ na 1990. Naịjirịa enyekwara ọtụtụ ndị agha maka ndị agha ECOMOG na [[Sierra Leone]]. Naịjirịa enweela mmekọrịta dị mma na ndị agbata obi ya. Naịjirịa arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na West Africa, na nnukwu ike agha, Naịjirịla na ebumnuche ya nke ịkwalite udo na nkwụsi ike na mpaghara kachasị baa ọgaranya n'Africa ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ. == Naịjirịa na Òtù Mba Nile == Naịjirịa bụ onye otu ndị a: * African, Caribbean na Pacific Group of States * Ụlọ Akụ̀ Mmepe Afrịka * [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|Njikọ Afrịka]] * Kọmitii na Sayensị na Teknụzụ maka Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide na South * Commonwealth nke Mba * Economic Community of West African States * Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo * Ìgwè nke 15 * G-19 * Ìgwè nke 24 * Ìgwè nke 77 * Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ike Atọm nke Mba Nile * Ụlọ Akụ̀ Mba Nile Maka Nrụzigharị na Mmepe * Ụlọ Ahịa Mba Nile * International Civil Aviation Organization * Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile * Òtù Mmepe Mba Nile * Ụlọ Ọrụ Ego Mba Nile * International Fund for Agricultural Development * International Hydrographic Organization * Òtù Ọrụ Mba Nile * International Monetary Fund * Òtù Ụgbọ Mmiri Mba Nile * International Mobile Satellite Organization * Kọmitii Olimpik Mba Nile * Òtù Mba Nile Maka Ịhazi Ihe * International Red Cross na Red Crescent Movement * International Telecommunication Union * Interpol * Òtù Na-adịghị Nkwekọrịta * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mmachibido Iwu nke Ngwá Agha Na-emepụta Ọgwụ * Nzukọ nke Mba Ndị Na-ebupụ Mmanụ Ala * Òtù nke Njikọ Alakụba * Ụlọikpe Na-adịgide Adịgide Adị * [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] * Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Azụmaahịa na Mmepe * Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Akụnụba nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Africa * Òtù Mmụta, Sayensị na Ọdịbendị nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu * Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Maka Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mmepe Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu * Ọrụ Nlegharị anya nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Iraq-Kuwait * Ụlọ Ọrụ United Nations maka Ọzụzụ na Nnyocha * Ọrụ Nchịkwa Oge nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Kosovo * Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Referendum na Western Sahara * Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Bosnia na Herzegovina * Ọrụ Ndị Nledo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Prevlaka * Ọrụ Ndị Nledo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Tajikistan * Mahadum United Nations * Universal Postal Union * Njikọ Ụwa nke Ọrụ * Òtù Mba Nile * Njikọ Ụwa nke Òtù Ndị Ọrụ * Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Nwere ọgụgụ isi n'Ụwa * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe n'Ụwa * Òtù Njem Ụwa * Òtù Azụmaahịa Ụwa Ọchịchị Babangida sonyeere Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, nketughariri ugbu a Buru Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), ọ bụ ezie na Onye isi ala Obasanjo egosiwo na ọ nwere ike ịtụgharị uche na ndị otu Naịjirịa. A na-ekwu maka Naịjirịa iji guzobe mmekọrịta abụọ ọzọ. == Afrịka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Mba ! style="width:12%;" |Mmekọrịta Ọdịdị malitere !Ihe edeturu |- valign="top" | Algeria | | * Algeria nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na [[Abuja]]. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Algiers. |- valign="top" | Angola | |Lee mmekọrịta Angola na Nigeria Mmekọrịta Angola na Nigeria dabere na ọrụ ha dị ka mba na-ebupụ mmanụ. Ha abụọ bụ ndị otu Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, African Union na òtù ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Onye isi ala Naịjirịa, Muhammadu Buhari, zigara ozi na onye Angola ya, José Eduardo dos Santos, ebe o gosipụtara mmasị ya n'ịnọgide na-enwe ma na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị mma dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ sie ike, na-ezube ịmepụta uru ka mma maka ndị abụọ ahụ. * Angola nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Luanda. |- valign="top" | Benin | | * Benin nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Cotonou. |- valign="top" | Burkina Faso | | * Burkina Faso nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Ouagadougou. |- valign="top" | Cameroon | |Lee mmekọrịta Cameroon na Nigeria Esemokwu dị ogologo n'ókèala ya na Cameroon banyere Bakassi Peninsula nwere ike ịba ụba mmanụ ka e doziri site na mkpebi nke 2002 nke Ụlọikpe Ikpe Mba Nile nke nyere Cameroon ikike nke mpaghara ahụ na ntinye aka na 2006 nke nkwekọrịta Greentree nke dugara na mwepụ nke ndị agha Naijiria na Bakassi na 2008 na nchịkwa zuru oke nke Cameroon weghaara n'August 2013.<ref>Library of Congress, Cameroon; Nigeria: Bakassi Peninsula Transition Completed, Aug 13 2013, https://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205403677_text</ref> Naịjirịa tọhapụrụ ihe dị ka ndị agha Cameroon 150 na ngwụcha afọ 1998. * Cameroon nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja na onye nnọchi anya na Calabar. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Yaoundé, onye nnọchi anya na Douala na onye nnọchianya na Buea. |- valign="top" | Chad | |Lee mmekọrịta Chad na Nigeria Mgbasa mgbasa ozi akụ na ụba nke Naijiria na 1983 mepụtara nsogbu na steeti ndị gbara ya gburugburu, gụnyere Chad. Naịjirịa chụpụrụ ọtụtụ narị puku ndị ọrụ mba ọzọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ya, nke chere mbelata dị egwu ihu n'ihi ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ụwa na-agbadata. Ọ dịkarịa ala 30,000 n'ime ndị a chụpụrụ bụ ndị Chadi. N'agbanyeghị nrụgide ndị a, Otú ọ dị, ndị Naijiria nyere aka n'ịkwụsị usoro nke inweta nkwụsi ike na Chad, mba abụọ ahụ mekwara ka ebumnuche ha ịnọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya. * Chad nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya dị na Maiduguri. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na N'Djamena. |- valign="top" | Central African Republic | | * Central African Republic nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Bangui. |- valign="top" | Côte d'Ivoire | | * Côte d'Ivoire nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abidjan. |- valign="top" | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | * DR Congo nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" | Egypt | | * Ijipt nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Cairo. |- valign="top" | Ethiopia | | * Ethiopia nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na [[Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" | Equatorial Guinea | | * Equatorial Guinea nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na ndị nnọchiteanya dị na Calabar na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Malabo na onye nnọchiteanya nọ na Bata. |- valign="top" | Gabon | | * Gabon nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Libreville. |- valign="top" | Gambia | | * Gambia nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Banjul. |- valign="top" | Ghana | |Lee mmekọrịta Ghana na Naịjirịa Mmekọrịta Ghana na Naijiria abụwo ihe ilu na ihe dị ụtọ. N'afọ 1969, a chụpụrụ ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria na Ghana. Mmekọrịta na 1970s dị mma. Mmekọrịta Ghana na Naịjirịa malitere n'ụzọ dị ilu n'oge mmalite nke ọchịchị PNDC. Esemokwu bilitere ozugbo PNDC wepụrụ Limann na 1981. Iji mee mkpesa, Naịjirịa jụrụ ịga n'ihu na-ebubata mmanụ dị mkpa na Ghana. N'oge ahụ, Ghana ji Naịjirịa ihe dị ka US $ 150 nde maka mmanụ ala ma dabere na Naịjirị maka ihe dị ka pasent 90 nke mkpa mmanụ ala ya. Ịchụpụ Naịjirịa ihe karịrị 1 nde ndị Ghana si mba ọzọ na mbido afọ 1983, mgbe Ghana na-eche oke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na nsogbu akụ na ụba ihu, na 300,000 ọzọ na mbida afọ 1985 na ọkwa dị mkpirikpi, mere ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ sie ike.<ref name="cs">Owusu, Maxwell. "Nigeria". ''A Country Study: Ghana'' (La Verle Berry, editor). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (November 1994). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1988, e guzobere kọmitii jikọrọ aka maka imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti Ghana na Naịjirịa. Mgbanwe ọchịchị na-enweghị ọbara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1985 mere ka Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] nwee ike na Naịjirịa, Rawlings jikwa mgbanwe ọchịchị mee ihe iji gaa leta. Ndị isi abụọ ahụ kwurịtara ọtụtụ okwu na-elekwasị anya na udo na ọganihu n'ime West Africa, azụmahịa abụọ, na mgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mba abụọ ahụ. Na mbido Jenụwarị 1989, Babangida meghachiri site na nleta gọọmentị na Ghana, nke PNDC toro dị ka mgbanwe mmiri na mmekọrịta Ghana na Nigeria.<ref name="cs" /> Nsogbu ndị sochirinụ nke Babangida malitere na usoro mgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Naịjirịa mere ka Accra nwee nkụda mmụọ. Ka o sina dị, nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke sochiri mwepụ Babangida nke nsonaazụ ntuli aka onye isi ala Naijiria na June 1993 na mwepụ Babagida site na ndị agha na onye isi ala ọnwa abụọ ka e mesịrị emeghị ka mmekọrịta chiri anya dị n'etiti Ghana na Naijiria, abụọ n'ime ndị otu ECOWAS na Commonwealth of Nations. Mgbe General Sani Abacha weghaara ya na Nọvemba 1993 dị ka onye isi ala ọhụrụ nke Naijiria, Ghana na Naijiria gara n'ihu na-ajụ ajụjụ gbasara akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nchekwa na-emetụta mba abụọ ahụ na West Africa n'ozuzu ya. N'etiti mmalite August 1994 mgbe Rawlings ghọrọ onye isi oche ECOWAS na njedebe nke October na-esote, onye isi ala Ghana gara Naịjirịa ugboro atọ iji kwurịta usoro udo na Liberia na usoro iji weghachite ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mba ahụ.<ref name="cs" /> Naịjirịa na Ghana taa nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'okwu dị iche iche. Ghana na Naịjirịa bụ mba abụọ dị na Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja na onye nnọchi anya na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Accra. * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | Guinea | | * Guinea nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya nọ na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Conakry. |- valign="top" | Kenya | |Lee mmekọrịta Kenya na Nigeria * Kenya nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Nairobi. * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | Liberia | | * Liberia nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Monrovia. |- valign="top" | Libya | | Naịjirịa kpọghachiri onye nnọchi anya ya, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, na Libya na 18 Machị 2010.<ref name="Xinhua">{{Cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-03/19/c_13216651.htm|title=Nigeria reacts over Ghaddafi's outbursts, recalls Ambassador to Libya|date=19 March 2010|publisher=Xinhua|accessdate=19 March 2010|archive-date=23 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323042024/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-03/19/c_13216651.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ncheta ahụ bụ nzaghachi nye aro nke onye ndu Libya, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, na Naịjirịa kwesịrị kewapụ n'ime steeti ndị Alakụba dị n'ebe ugwu na steeti ndị Kraịst dị n'etiti ndịda.<ref name="BBCnews">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8575383.stm|title=Nigeria recalls Libya ambassador in Gaddafi row|date=18 March 2010|work=BBC News|accessdate=19 March 2010}}</ref> Gaddaffi mere aro ahụ n'ihi ime ihe ike na-adịbeghị anya n'etiti okpukpe ndị na-emegide ibe ha na Naịjirịa nke kpatara ọtụtụ narị ọnwụ.<ref name="BBCnews" /> Na mgbakwunye, Gaddaffi toro nkewa nke India, nke kpatara ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ, dị ka ụdị ihe nlereanya nke Naịjirịa kwesịrị ịgbaso.<ref name="BBCnews" /> Ministri na-ahụ maka mba ofesi nke Naijiria kwuru na ọ na-echeta Mohammed maka "nkwurịta okwu ngwa ngwa" n'ihi "okwu na-enweghị isi nke Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> Nzukọ nke Mba Naịjirịa arịọla ka gọọmentị rịọ United Nations ka ha machibido Gaddaffi ịkpọ oku maka nkewa nke Naịjirị.<ref name="Xinhua" /> [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|Nzukọ]] nke mba ahụ mekwara ka gọọmentị nye iwu ka e mee nchọpụta nke African Union ma Libya na-anwa imebi mba ahụ site na "ndị na-abanye n'ime".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62I16J20100319|title=Gaddafi comment sparks diplomatic row with Nigeria|date=19 March 2010|work=Reuters|accessdate=19 March 2010}}</ref> * Libya nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Tripoli. |- valign="top" | Madagascar | | * Madagascar natara ikike na Naịjirịa site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Addis Ababa, Etiopia. * Naịjirịa natara ikike na Madagascar site na nnukwu ọrụ ya na Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" | Malawi | |Lee mmekọrịta Malawi na Nigeria * Malawi natara ikike na Naịjirịa site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Addis Ababa, Etiopia. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Lilongwe. |- valign="top" | Mali | | * Mali nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Bamako. |- valign="top" | Morocco | | * Morocco nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Rabat. |- valign="top" | Mozambique | | * Mozambique nwere ikike na Naịjirịa site na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Addis Ababa, Etiopia. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Maputo. |- valign="top" | Namibia | | * Namibia nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Windhoek. |- valign="top" | Niger | |Lee mmekọrịta Niger na Nigeria Naịjirịa na Republic of Niger nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi na mba abụọ ahụ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke [[Ndi Haụsa|ndị Hausa]] n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla nke ókèala ha dị kilomita 1,500. Asụsụ Hausa na njikọ ọdịbendị siri ike, mana enwere obere mmasị na steeti pan-Hausa.<ref>William F. S. Miles. Development, not division: local versus external perceptions of the Niger-Nigeria boundary. The Journal of Modern African Studies (2005), 43:2:297-320</ref> Mba abụọ ahụ guzobere Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), nke e guzobere na Machị, 1971 na odeakwụkwọ ya na Niamey, Niger. * Niger nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Kano. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Niamey. |- valign="top" | São Tomé and Príncipe | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na São Tomé. * São Tomé na Príncipe nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Senegal | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Dakar. * Senegal nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Sierra Leone | | * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Freetown. * Sierra Leone nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. |- valign="top" | South Africa | |Lee mmekọrịta Naịjirịa South Africa * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na Pretoria na onye nnọchi anya na Johannesburg. * South Africa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja na onye nnọchi anya na Lagos. * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | Sudan | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Khartoum. * Sudan nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Tanzania | | * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Dar-es-Salaam. * Tanzania nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Togo | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Lomé. * Togo nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Zimbabwe | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Harare. * Zimbabwe nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |} == Amerịka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Mba ! style="width:12%;" |Mmekọrịta Ọdịdị malitere !Ihe edeturu |- valign="top" | Argentina | | * Argentina nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Buenos Aires. |- valign="top" | Barbados |24 Eprel 1970 |Lee mmekọrịta Barbados na Nigeria * Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Naịjirịa na Barbados malitere na 1970-04-24.<ref name="fgov1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706132700/http://www.foreign.gov.bb/Userfiles/File/LITHUANIA.pdf LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS] foreign.gov.bb Retrieved on 4-22-09</ref> * Naịjirịa natara ikike na Barbados site na nnukwu ọrụ ya na Port of Spain, Trinidad na Tobago. * Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Gọọmentị Barbados enweghị ikike mba ọzọ maka Naịjirịa, agbanyeghị, Gọọmenti Naịjirị ekwuola na ọ dị oke mkpa ka Barbados guzobe ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya kpọmkwem na Naịjiria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Closer ties with Nigeria|publisher=The [[Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC)|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/06/23/france-wants-closer-ties-with-nigeria-football/|accessdate=2009-04-08|archivedate=2016-06-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623001005/http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/06/23/france-wants-closer-ties-with-nigeria-football/}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, Gọvanọ Otunba Gbenga Daniel nke steeti [[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun]] nke Naijiria mara ọkwa na a ga-enye ndị Barbadian ala n'efu ma ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ ịkwaga Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationnews.com/story/287902237998705.php|title=Free land for Bajans|accessdate=2009-09-15|first=Tracy|author=Moore|date=2006-09-15|work=[[The Daily Nation (Barbados)|Nation Newspaper]]|archive-date=2006-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023051658/http://www.nationnews.com/story/287902237998705.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Naịjirịa agbaala mbọ maka itinye ego karịa site na ụlọ ọrụ Barbadian na ndị na-etinye ego na 2008 maka ịmepụta ụgbọ elu kpọmkwem n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria wants direct flights to Barbados|publisher=The [[Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC)|url=http://www.cbc.bb/index.pl/article1?id=2559323|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310172724/http://cbc.bb/index.pl/article1?id=2559323|archivedate=2016-03-10|accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian cooperation|publisher=The [[Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC)|url=http://www.cbc.bb/index.pl/article1?id=2546661|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230513/http://www.cbc.bb/index.pl/article1?id=2546661|archivedate=2016-03-03|accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref> * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | Belize |19 Eprel 1982 | * Mba abụọ ahụ guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na Eprel 19, 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf|title=Photo|work=www.mfa.gov.bz|accessdate=2019-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230194831/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf|archivedate=2017-12-30}}</ref> * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | Brazil | |Lee mmekọrịta Brazil na Nigeria Mmekọrịta abụọ dị n'etiti Naịjirịa na Brazil na-elekwasị anya na azụmahịa na ọdịbendị, mba kachasị ukwuu na Latin America site na nha, na mba kachasị ukwuu n'Africa site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-ejikọta onwe ha n'akụkụ Atlantic Ocean. Brazil na Naịjirịa ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, enweela mmekọrịta enyi na enyi, na mmekọrịta siri ike na ntọala ọdịbendị (na-ahụ ka ọtụtụ ndị Afro-Brazilians na-achọpụta ndị nna nna ha na Naịjarịa,) na azụmahịa azụmahịa. * Brazil nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Brasília. |- valign="top" | Canada |1960 | * Ụbọchị ọ malitere: 1960 * Canada nwere nnukwu kọmitii na Abuja na osote kọmitii dị elu na Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/nigeria/splash.aspx|title=Canadian high commission in Abuja}}</ref> * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Ottawa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriahcottawa.com/|title=ドッグフードを食べない時の対処法|work=www.nigeriahcottawa.com|accessdate=2022-10-05|archivedate=2022-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814071055/http://nigeriahcottawa.com/}}</ref> * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme ná Mba Ọzọ na Azụmaahịa Mba Nile nke Canada banyere mmekọrịta ya na Naịjirịa] |- valign="top" | Chile | | * Chile natara ikike na Naịjirịa site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Nairobi, Kenya. * Naịjirịa natara ikike na Chile site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" | Colombia |1 Jenụwarị 1979 | * Colombia natara ikike na Naịjirịa site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Accra, Ghana. * Naịjirịa nwere ikike na Colombia site na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" | Cuba | | * Cuba nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Havana. |- valign="top" | Ecuador | | * Ecuador enweghị ikike na Naịjirịa. * Naịjirịa natara ikike na Ecuador site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" | Guyana |27 June 1970 | * Mba abụọ ahụ guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na June 27, 1970.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/|title=Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs &#124; Co-operative Republic of Guyana|accessdate=2022-10-05|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224073504/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/}}</ref> * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | Jamaica | | * Jamaica nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na [[Kingston]]. * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | Mexico |14 Eprel 1976 |Lee mmekọrịta Mexico na Nigeria * Mexico nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nigeria/|title=Embassy of Mexico in Abuja (in English, French and Spanish)}}</ref> * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigerianembmexico.org/|title=Home &#124; Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Mexico|work=nigerianembmexico}}</ref> |- valign="top" | Trinidad and Tobago | | * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Port of Spain. * Trinidad na Tobago nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | United States | |Lee mmekọrịta Naịjirịa na United States Mgbe June 12, 1993, a kagburu ntuli aka onye isi ala Naijiria, na n'ihi mmebi nke ikike mmadụ na enweghị ike ịmalite mgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, United States tinyere ọtụtụ mmachibido iwu na Naijiria. Mmachibido iwu ndị a gụnyere itinye Akụkụ 212(f) nke Iwu Immigration and Nationality Act iji jụ ịbanye na United States nke ndị isi gọọmentị na ndị ọzọ na-emepụta, na-etinye n'ọrụ, ma ọ bụ na-erite uru site na iwu na-egbochi mgbanwe nke Naịjirịa gaa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya; ịkwụsị enyemaka agha niile; na mmachibido iwu maka ire na ịrụzi ngwaahịa ndị agha na ọrụ refinery na Naịjiria. A kpọghachiri onye nnọchi anya US maka ndụmọdụ maka ọnwa anọ mgbe e gbusịrị Ogoni Nine na Nọvemba 10, 1995. Mgbe oge nke mmekọrịta na-arịwanye elu, ọnwụ nke General Abacha na June 1998 na dochie ya site na General Abubakar meghere usoro ọhụrụ nke mmekọrịta abụọ ka mma. Ka mgbanwe gaa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-aga n'ihu, iwepụ ihe mgbochi visa, mmụba nleta dị elu nke ndị ọrụ US, mkparịta ụka banyere enyemaka n'ọdịnihu, na inye asambodo Mmasị Mba dị mkpa na ọgwụ ọjọọ, nke malitere na Machị 1999, kwadebere ụzọ maka ịmaliteghachi mmekọrịta chiri anya n'etiti United States na Naịjirịa, dị ka onye mmekọ dị mkpa na mpaghara na kọntinent ahụ. Kemgbe emere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Obasanjo, mmekọrịta abụọ ahụ anọgidewo na-akawanye mma, na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ọtụtụ ebumnuche iwu mba ọzọ dị mkpa, dị ka idebe udo nke mpaghara, dị mma. Gọọmentị enyewo nkwado siri ike na gọọmentị US na-alụso ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ọgụ mgbe mwakpo nke September 11, 2001 gasịrị. Gọọmentị Naịjirịa, na nkwupụta ya, akatọọla mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ma kwado ọrụ agha megide ndị Taliban na Al-Qaeda. Naịjirịa arụwokwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịmepụta nkwekọrịta mgbochi iyi ọha egwu n'etiti steeti ndị dị na Sub-Saharan Africa. Dị ka onye otu International Criminal Court Nigeria bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta abụọ maka nchebe maka ndị agha US (dị ka akọwapụtara n'okpuru Nkeji edemede 98). A na-emelite akụkụ zuru oke. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Washington, D.C. na ndị nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Atlanta na New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/|title=Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria - Home|work=www.nigeriaembassyusa.org}}</ref> * United States nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nigeria.usembassy.gov/|title=Embassy of the United States in Abuja|accessdate=2019-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226165748/http://nigeria.usembassy.gov/|archivedate=2015-02-26}}</ref> * Mba abụọ ahụ bụbu ndị Britain na-achị. |- valign="top" | Uruguay | | * Naịjirịa nwere ikike na Uruguay site na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay nwere ikike na Naịjirịa site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Pretoria, South Africa. |- valign="top" | Venezuela | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Caracas. * Venezuela nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |} == Eshia == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Mba ! style="width:12%;" |Mmekọrịta Ọdịdị malitere !Ihe edeturu |- valign="top" | Armenia |4 Febụwarị 1993 | Mba abụọ ahụ guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na 4 Febụwarị 1993. * Armenia enweghị ikike na Naịjirịa. * Naịjirịa nwere ikike na Armenia site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Tehran, Iran. |- | Azerbaijan |11 Machị 1992<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nigeria|url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/content/265/nigeria|accessdate=2021-01-24|work=mfa.gov.az|archivedate=2020-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814025720/https://mfa.gov.az/en/content/265/nigeria}}</ref> |Lee mmekọrịta Azerbaijan na Nigeria * Naịjirịa nabatara nnwere onwe nke Azerbaijan na Machị 11, 1992. E guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ n'ụbọchị ahụ.<ref name=":0" /> * Naịjirịa natara ikike na Azerbaijan site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" | Bangladesh |1972 |Lee mmekọrịta Bangladesh na Nigeria Naịjirịa na Bangladesh guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na 1972, mgbe agha Bangladesh nke nnwere onwe site na Pakistan gasịrị. Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth, OIC na Mba 8 na-emepe emepe, a na-akọwa ha dị ka akụ na ụba iri na otu na-esote. * Bangladesh nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Dhaka. |- valign="top" | China |10 Febụwarị 1971 |Lee mmekọrịta China na Naịjirịa Naịjirịa na People's Republic of China guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na Febụwarị 10, 1971.<ref name="ON">{{Cite web|title=China launches satellite for Nigeria|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=261&z=9|publisher=OnlineNigeria.com|date=2004-10-28|accessdate=2008-06-21|archivedate=2006-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630132033/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=261&z=9}}</ref><ref name="NEWSGD">{{Cite web|title=Chinese, Nigerian presidents agree to promote strategic partnership|url=http://www.newsgd.com/specials/huvisitfivenations06/huvisitfivenations06news/200604270017.htm|publisher=NEWSGD.com|date=2006-04-27|accessdate=2008-06-21}}</ref> Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ bịara dịkwuo nso n'ihi nkewapụ mba ụwa na nkatọ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọchịchị ndị agha Naịjirịa (1970s-1998). Naịjirịa aghọwo isi iyi dị mkpa nke mmanụ na mmanụ maka akụ na ụba na-eto ngwa ngwa nke China na Naịjirị na-achọ China maka enyemaka iji nweta ọganihu akụ na ụba dị elu; China enyewo nkwado akụ na ụba, agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="BBC2">{{Cite news|title=Nigeria gets $1bn China rail loan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5005510.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2006-05-22|accessdate=2008-06-21}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|title=China and Nigeria agree oil deal|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4946708.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2006-04-26|accessdate=2008-06-21}}</ref> N'afọ 2004 na ọzọ n'afọ 2006, onye isi ala China bụ Hu Jintao gara Naịjirịa ma kwuo okwu na nnọkọ jikọrọ aka nke National Assembly of Nigeria. Mba abụọ ahụ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nghọta maka ịmepụta mmekọrịta mmekọrịta.<ref name="CJ">{{Cite journal|author=Taylor|first=Ian|date=May 2007|title=Sino-Nigerian Relations: FTZs, Textiles and Oil|journal=China Brief - Jamestown Foundation|volume=7|issue=11|url=http://www.jamestown.org/china_brief/article.php?articleid=2373438|accessdate=2008-06-22}}</ref> China akwadowo arịrịọ Naịjirịa maka oche na Kansụl Nchebe UN.<ref name="ON" /> N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, ndị nnọchi anya UN nke mba 37, gụnyere Naijiria, bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi jikọrọ aka nye UNHRC na-agbachitere mmeso China na-emeso ndị Uyghur na ndị ọzọ Alakụba pere mpe na mpaghara Xinjiang.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/which-countries-are-for-or-against-chinas-xinjiang-policies/|work=[[The Diplomat]]|date=15 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-rights/saudi-arabia-and-russia-among-37-states-backing-chinas-xinjiang-policy-idUSKCN1U721X|title=Saudi Arabia and Russia among 37 states backing China's Xinjiang policy|work=[[Reuters]]|date=12 July 2019}}</ref> * China nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Beijing na ndị nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na [[Hong Kong]] na Shanghai. |- valign="top" | India | |Lee mmekọrịta India na Nigeria Mmekọrịta abụọ dị n'etiti Republic of India na Federal Republic of Nigeria amụbaala nke ukwuu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na mba abụọ ahụ na-ewu mmekọrịta atụmatụ na azụmahịa. Naịjirịa na-enye pasent 20 nke mmanụ India ma bụrụkwa onye mmekọ azụmahịa India kachasị ukwuu n'Africa. * India nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na New Delhi. |- valign="top" | Indonesia | |Lee mmekọrịta Indonesia na Nigeria * Indonesia nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Jakarta. |- valign="top" | Iran | | * Iran nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Tehran. |- valign="top" | Israel |1960 |Lee mmekọrịta Israel na Nigeria Mba abụọ ahụ guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na 1960. N'agbata afọ 1973 na afọ 1992, e wepụrụ mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mba na mba. Kemgbe Septemba 1992, mmekọrịta abụọ ka mma. * Israel nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Tel Aviv. |- valign="top" | Japan | |Lee mmekọrịta Japan na Naịjirịa * Japan nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Lagos. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Tokyo. |- valign="top" | Lebanon | | * Lebanọn nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Beirut. |- valign="top" | North Korea |1976 |Lee mmekọrịta Naịjirịa na North Korea * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Pyongyang * North Korea nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja |- valign="top" | Malaysia | |Lee mmekọrịta Malaysia na Nigeria * Malaysia nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na Kuala Lumpur. |- valign="top" | Pakistan | |Lee mmekọrịta Naịjirịa na Pakistan [[Usòrò:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Defense_attach%C3%A9s_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base%2C_Abuja%2C_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Defense_attach%C3%A9s_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base%2C_Abuja%2C_Nigeria.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa si Pakistan na Russia na-eleta ụlọikwuu nkwukọrịta na Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, na July 21, 2008, n'oge ''Africa'' Endeavour 2008.]] Steeti abụọ ahụ enweela mmekọrịta chiri anya, mmekọrịta nke Minista Nchebe Naijiria kọwara dị ka "enyi na enyi" na dị ka "mmekọrịta ezinụlọ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200802040989.html|title=AllAfrica.com: Nigeria: Minister Hails Nigeria-Pakistan Ties|accessdate=2009-07-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008054714/http://allafrica.com/stories/200802040989.html|archivedate=2012-10-08}}</ref> * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Islamabad. * Pakistan nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Philippines | |Lee mmekọrịta Naịjirịa na Philippines * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Manila. * Philippines nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Qatar | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Doha. * Qatar nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Saudi Arabia | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Riyadh na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Jeddah. * Saudi Arabia nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | South Korea | | Nleta si na Republic of Korea gaa Naịjirịa: 1982 Ọgọstụ Onye isi ala Chun Doo-hwan 1994 Mee Onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche nke Onye isi ala Roh Young-chan 1999 Mee Onye nnọchiteanya pụrụ iche nke onye isi ala Choi Kwang-soo 2002 Septemba Minista nke Ihe owuwu na njem Lim In-taek dị ka onye nnọchi anya dị iche nke Onyeisi ala 2006 Machị Onye isi ala bụ Roh Moo-hyun 2007 Mee osote Minista nke ihe gbasara mba ọzọ Kim Ho-young 2007 Julaị Minista nke Construction na Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 2 Disemba 2 Disemba nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Azụmaahịa na Ike 2009 Onye isi ala Korea Onye isi ala nke Korea Onye nnọchianya mmanụ mba ọzọ Onye isi ala pụrụ iche nke Korea Onye isi oche nke Korea Onye Nnọchiteanya nke Korea 2010 Septemba 2011 Onye isi ala<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24468.jsp?menu=m_30_50|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa|accessdate=2015-06-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904015758/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24468.jsp?menu=m_30_50|archivedate=2015-09-04}}</ref> * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Seoul. * South Korea nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Turkey |1960<ref name="auto148">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-nigeria.en.mfa|title=Relations between Turkey and Nigeria}}</ref> |Lee mmekọrịta Naịjirịa na Turkey * [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Ankara.<ref name="auto148" /> * Turkey nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Ọnụ ọgụgụ azụmahịa n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ bụ US $ 726 nde na 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * Enwere ụgbọ elu na-aga kpọmkwem site na Istanbul gaa [[Abuja]], [[Lagos]] na [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" | United Arab Emirates | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abu Dhabi. * United Arab Emirates nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |- valign="top" | Vietnam | | * Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Hanoi. * Vietnam nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Abuja. |} == Mba nke Europe == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{flag|Austria}} | | * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Vienna. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Belgium}} | | * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Prague. |- valign="top" |{{flag|France}} | | * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Paris. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Germany}} | | * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate-general in Bonn. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling.<ref name="bbcTanker">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7757561.stm|title=Row over tanker held in Nigeria|work=BBC News|date=2008-11-30|accessdate=2009-04-25}}</ref> There is a small Greek business community in Lagos.<ref name="MFAgr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Sub-Saharan+Africa/Bilateral+Relation/Nigeria/|publisher=Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs|title=Nigeria|accessdate=2009-04-22|archivedate=2009-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323131249/http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic%2BRegions/Sub-Saharan%2BAfrica/Bilateral%2BRelation/Nigeria/}}</ref> * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Athens. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Dublin. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Rome. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Budapest. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Poland}} | |See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Portugal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in Lisbon. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Russia}} | |See Nigeria–Russia relations * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Spain}} | |See Nigeria–Spain relations * Nigeria has an embassy in Madrid. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{flag|Sweden}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |1960 | Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6508055.stm|title=Nigeria: Facts and figures|date=April 17, 2007}}</ref> * Nigeria has a high commission in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriahc.org.uk/|title=Nigeria High Commission|work=www.nigeriahc.org.uk}}</ref> * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-abuja|title=British High Commission Abuja - GOV.UK|work=www.gov.uk}}</ref> |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Mba ! style="width:12%;" |Mmekọrịta Ọdịdị malitere !Ihe edeturu |- valign="top" | Australia | | * Australia nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Abuja. * Naịjirịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ na Canberra. * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" | New Zealand | | * New Zealand natara ikike na Naịjirịa site n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ya na Addis Ababa, Etiopia. * Naịjirịa natara ikike na New Zealand site na nnukwu ọrụ ya na Canberra, Australia. * Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu Commonwealth of Nations. |} == Esemokwu mba ụwa == Nweputa aka nke ókèala mba ụwa na nso Lake Chad, nke enweghị ya dugara n'ihe omume ókèala n'oge gara aga, emechaala ma na-echere nkwado nke Cameroon, [[Chad]], Niger, na [[Niger|Nigeria]]; esemokwu na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] banyere ókèala ala na ókèala mmiri gburugburu Bakasi Peninsula dị ugbu a n'ihu Ụlọikpe Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke Mba Nile; esemokwu ókèala mmiri na [[Equatorial Guinea]] n'ihi ikike esemokwu banyere ebe ndị nwere mmanụ na Gulf of Guinea. == Naịjirịa na Commonwealth of Nations == Federation nke Naịjirịa nweere onwe ya site na United Kingdom n'afọ 1960 na Queen Elizabeth nke Abụọ dị ka Queen of Nigeria. Naịjirịa ghọrọ mba na Commonwealth of Nations n1963, mgbe Gọvanọ-Jenal nke Naịjirị, [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ghọrọ [[Ishi ochíchì Naigeria|onye isi ala]] mbụ nke Naịjarị. A kwụsịtụrụ Naịjirịa na Commonwealth of Nations site n'afọ 1995 ruo afọ 1999, mgbe e weghachiri ndị otu ya zuru oke. == Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ == * Jaja Wachuku - Minista Naịjirịa Mbụ na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi * Ndepụta nke ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Naịjirịa * Ndepụta nke ọrụ nnọchiteanya nke Naịjirịa == Edensibia == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == {{Foreign relations of Nigeria}}{{Nigeria topics}}{{Africa in topic|Foreign relations of}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gnhnsti9f9wujxhzgffcv5fh9sxu6k3 0 21899 727754 721495 2026-09-24T23:47:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727754 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Hamzat Lawal</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Hamzy.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Hamzat Lawal</div><br /><br /><br /><br />1987 (age&nbsp;34&#x2013;35)<br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Kogi State]], Nigeria</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality | class="infobox-data category" |[[Nigeria]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma&nbsp;mater | class="infobox-data" |[[University of Abuja]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Occupation | class="infobox-data role" |[[Activist]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Years&nbsp;active | class="infobox-data" |2012 — present |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Known&nbsp;for | class="infobox-data" |Follow The Money |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span> | class="infobox-data" |Follow The Money |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.hamzatlawal.com/ www.hamzatlawal.com]</span> <span class="url">[https://www.connecteddevelopment.org/ www.connecteddevelopment.org]</span> |} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} Hamzat B. Lawal bụ onye na-emegide nrụrụ aka. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Follow The Money, atụmatụ ịza ajụjụ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke gụnyere ndị nyocha data, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, na ụmụ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/opend∆ata/open-data-ground-nigeria-s-follow-money-initiative|title=Open data on the ground: Nigeria's Follow the Money initiative|first=Sandra|author=Moscoso|date=14 August 2014|work=World Bank Blog|accessdate=13 March 2022}}</ref> Hamzat bụkwa Chief Executive of Connected Development (CODE), otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke na-enye obodo ndị a na-emebi emebi n'Africa ike ịnweta ozi gbasara otu esi etinye gọọmentị ha n'ọrụ maka mmejuputa ọrụ ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamzat Lawal|url=https://www.connecteddevelopment.org/author/hamzy/|accessdate=2022-02-26|work=www.connecteddevelopment.org|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226131132/https://www.connecteddevelopment.org/author/hamzy/}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == '''Hamzat Lawal''' si Kogi Steeti. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Model Asokoro na [[Abuja]], ma jee ozi dị ka onye ndú Boys Scout. N'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na Government Secondary School Karu na [[Ȯra Nasarawa|Nasarawa]] State, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi nke Boys Scout nakwa dị ka onye isi ọrụ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Seta International College, Nasarawa State. == Agụmakwụkwọ dị elu == '''Hamzat Lawal''' bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|author=Team|first=Editorial|date=23 January 2019|title=Hamza Lawal- The Follow the Money|work=GlobalNoticeHub|url=https://www.globalnoticehub.com/hamza-lawal-follow-money/|accessdate=25 January 2019|archive-date=25 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125130910/https://www.globalnoticehub.com/hamza-lawal-follow-money/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Abuja na nzere bachelọ na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. == Ọrụ == Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ozi. O mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka ọkachamara na teknụzụ ozi na International Centre for Energy, Environment and Development (ICEED) n'oge mmasị ya maka mgbanwe ihu igwe toro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hamzat Lawal: It started when I connected to pain » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/hamzat-lawa-started-i-connected-pain/|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=YNaija|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Mgbe onye isi ya chọpụtara ebe ọ na-amasị ya, o nyere ya ebe nrụọrụ weebụ United Nations Framework on Climate change iji mee nchọpụta, mgbe ọ gachara akwụkwọ na usoro iwu, ọ zụlitere mmasị na mpaghara ahụ. O mechara debanye aha n'ọtụtụ usoro mgbanwe ihu igwe ma sonye n'ọtụtụ ọrụ. N'afọ 2012, Hamzat nwere mwute n'ihi nsị nke mere na [[Ȯra Zamfara|Zamfara]] steeti afọ abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ. Mgbe ọ ghọtara na ọ dịghị onye na-ekwu maka ọdachi ahụ na ndị metụtara ya mgbe ọ gbusịrị ihe karịrị mmadụ 400, ọ malitere njem awa iri na anọ (14) gaa obodo ahụ, Bagega, ebe ihe ahụ mere, iji mụtakwuo banyere ihe kpatara nsogbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ukwu|first=Jerrywright|title=How Hamzat Stated|url=https://www.legit.ng/1020830-started-connected-pain-young-nigerian-shares-inspiring-story.html|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|date=24 October 2016|language=en|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420104506/https://www.legit.ng/1020830-started-connected-pain-young-nigerian-shares-inspiring-story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nke a kpaliri ya ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na obodo ma malite otu ndị isi a maara dị ka Follow The Money, na-eji data iji mee ka gọọmentị nwee ajụjụ, ma na-achọ ka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị mee ihe. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2021, Hamzat Lawal pụtara dị ka onye ikpeazụ maka $ 120,000 Gothenburg Sustainability Award.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria's Hamzat Lawal Emerges Finalist for the $120,000 Gothenburg Sustainability Award|url=https://technext.ng/2021/03/10/nigerias-hamzat-lawal-emerges-finalist-for-the-120000-gothenburg-sustainability-award/|accessdate=May 27, 2021|work=Technext.ng|archivedate=May 27, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527131036/https://technext.ng/2021/03/10/nigerias-hamzat-lawal-emerges-finalist-for-the-120000-gothenburg-sustainability-award/}}</ref> == Ịgba mbọ == Hamzat Lawal malitere ọrụ ya mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Abuja. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ bụ ọrụ ya ịkwado ezi ọchịchị n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ na n'ime obodo ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ọ na-ekwu okwu mgbe niile megide nrụrụ aka, mmegbu nke ikike mmadụ na ịnapụ ndị na-eto eto na ụmụ amaala n'ozuzu. N'afọ 2013, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe nke Steeti jide ya mgbe e boro ya ebubo na ọ na-akpali ndị ntorobịa imegide gọọmentị nke oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Team|first=Editorial|title=Hamza Lawal- The Follow the Money|url=https://www.globalnoticehub.com/hamza-lawal-follow-money/|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=GlobalNoticeHub|publisher=Global Notice Hub|date=23 January 2019|archive-date=25 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125130910/https://www.globalnoticehub.com/hamza-lawal-follow-money/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ bụ onye na-eme mkpokọta nke Not Too Young To Run movement, otu ndị ntorobịa Naijiria nke nkwado ya maka ikike ndị na-eto eto nwere ịgba ọsọ maka ụlọ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka e mee ka iwu mbelata afọ gafee mba ahụ na-akwalite itinye ndị ntorobịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye otu ndị isi nke African Youth Initiative on Climate Change .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamzat Lawal|url=https://techcamp.america.gov/bios/hamzat-lawal/|work=TechCamp|publisher=Tech Camp|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref> == #SaveBagega == <nowiki>#</nowiki>SaveBagega bụ mkpọsa na-efe efe nke malitere na Twitter mgbe Hamzat jiri akara ahụmamma mee ihe na mbụ mgbe ọ zipụrụ banyere ihe mere na Bagega, Zamfara [[Ȯra Zamfara|Steeti]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerians demand that their government do something to #BringBackOurGirls|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-05-01/nigerians-demand-their-government-do-something-bringbackourgirls|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=The World from PRX|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2012, ndị Doctors Without Borders kọrọ na ọ dịkarịa ala ụmụaka 4,000 na-ata ahụhụ site na nsị anwụrụ ọkụ n'ihi nchọpụta ọlaedo na Zamfara Steeti na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-06|title=Jonathan's inaction on lead poisoning causing death of hundreds of children in Zamfara- groups - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/110062-jonathans-inaction-on-lead-poisoning-causing-death-of-hundreds-of-children-in-zamfara-groups.html|accessdate=2021-08-28|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'otu afọ ahụ, Human Rights Watch gakwuru kpọọ gọọmentị Naijiria nke kwere nkwa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ US $ 5 nde iji kpochaa ebe ndị e ji anwụrụ mee n'oge ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ọlaedo n'ihi ọkwa dị elu nke anwụrụ na nkume. N'oge Human Right's Watch sonyere na #SaveBagega, a kọrọ na ihe karịrị ụmụaka 400 nwụrụ anwụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka enweghị ike ịgwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Death Stalking Lead-Poisoned Children|url=https://www.hrw.org/node/248200/printable/print|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=www.hrw.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian 'Gold Rush' Poisoning Children {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-gold-rush-poisoning-children|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828043755/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-gold-rush-poisoning-children|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2013, mkpọsa ahụ eruola ihe dị ka otu nde mmadụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ewerela akụkọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-28|title=Nigeria's Hamzat Lawal Emerges Finalist for $120k Gothenburg Sustainability Award|url=https://technext.ng/2021/03/10/nigerias-hamzat-lawal-emerges-finalist-for-the-120000-gothenburg-sustainability-award/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=Technext|archivedate=2021-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613200159/https://technext.ng/2021/03/10/nigerias-hamzat-lawal-emerges-finalist-for-the-120000-gothenburg-sustainability-award/}}</ref> Na ngwụcha ọnwa ahụ, gọọmentị etiti wepụtara nde $ 5.3.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-13|title=Follow the Money: How open data can track public money and change lives in Bagega, Nigeria|url=https://www.one.org/international/follow-the-money/5-3m-to-clean-up-lead-poisoning-mining-village-after-social-media-campaign/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=ONE|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828043756/https://www.one.org/international/follow-the-money/5-3m-to-clean-up-lead-poisoning-mining-village-after-social-media-campaign/}}</ref> == #SaveBagega == <nowiki>#</nowiki>SaveBagega bụ mkpọsa na-efe efe nke malitere na Twitter mgbe Hamzat jiri hashtag mee ihe na mbụ mgbe o tweeted banyere ihe mere na Bagega, Zamfara Steeti.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerians demand that their government do something to #BringBackOurGirls|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-05-01/nigerians-demand-their-government-do-something-bringbackourgirls|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=The World from PRX|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2012, ndị Doctors Without Borders kọrọ na ọ dịkarịa ala ụmụaka 4,000 na-ata ahụhụ site na nsị na-ebute ọlaedo n'ihi nchọpụta ọlaedo na Zamfara Steeti na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-06|title=Jonathan's inaction on lead poisoning causing death of hundreds of children in Zamfara- groups - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/110062-jonathans-inaction-on-lead-poisoning-causing-death-of-hundreds-of-children-in-zamfara-groups.html|accessdate=2021-08-28|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'otu afọ ahụ, Human Rights Watch gakwuru kpọọ gọọmentị Naijiria nke kwere nkwa na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ US $ 5 nde ga-ehichapụ ebe ndị e ji anwụrụ mee n'oge ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ọlaedo n'ihi ọkwa dị elu nke anwụrụ ọkụ na nkume.N'oge òkè Human Rights Watch na #SaveBagega, a kọrọ na ihe karịrị ụmụaka 400 nwụrụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka enweghị ike ịgwọta ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Death Stalking Lead-Poisoned Children|url=https://www.hrw.org/node/248200/printable/print|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=www.hrw.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian 'Gold Rush' Poisoning Children|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-gold-rush-poisoning-children|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125183036/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerian-gold-rush-poisoning-children|archivedate=January 25, 2021|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=Voice of America|language=en}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2013, mkpọsa ahụ erutela ihe dị ka otu nde mmadụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ewepụtala akụkọ ahụ.[1] N'ọgwụgwụ ọnwa ahụ, gọọmentị etiti wepụtara $5.3 nde ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-13|title=Follow the Money: How open data can track public money and change lives in Bagega, Nigeria|url=https://www.one.org/international/follow-the-money/5-3m-to-clean-up-lead-poisoning-mining-village-after-social-media-campaign/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=ONE|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828043756/https://www.one.org/international/follow-the-money/5-3m-to-clean-up-lead-poisoning-mining-village-after-social-media-campaign/}}</ref> == Onyinye == * 2017: Otu Onyinye Africa<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 April 2017|title=USD100,000 ONE AFRICA AWARD PRIZE GOES TO NIGERIA’S CONNECTED DEVELOPMENT|url=https://www.one.org/africa/press/one-africa-award-prize-goes-to-nigerias-connected-development/|work=ONE|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref> * 2018: 100 nke Apolical kacha nwee mmetụta na Gọọmentị Digital<ref>{{Cite news|author=Olafusi|first=Ebunoluwa|title=Hamzat Lawal named among 100 most influential people in digital government|url=https://www.thecable.ng/hamzat-lawal-named-among-100-influential-people-digital-government|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=TheCable|publisher=The Cable|date=9 August 2018}}</ref> * 2018: Ihe nrite African Economic Merit<ref>{{Cite news|author=Oyewole|first=Nurudeen|title=Elumelu, Akufo-Addo, Davido, others listed for AEMA continental awards|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/elumelu-akufo-addo-davido-others-listed-for-aema-continental-awards.html|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=Daily Trust|publisher=Daily Trust|date=1 November 2018}}</ref> * 2019: The Future Awards Africa (Nkwado)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-30|title=The Future Awards Africa… Toast to inspiring, young Nigerians of 2019|url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/the-future-awards-africa-toast-to-inspiring-young-nigerians-of-2019/|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019: United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Action Awards<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-22|title=Nigerian groups named finalists in UN SDG action awards|url=https://guardian.ng/property/nigerian-groups-named-finalists-in-un-sdg-action-awards/|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180301/https://guardian.ng/property/nigerian-groups-named-finalists-in-un-sdg-action-awards/}}</ref> * 2020: Onye mmeri agụmakwụkwọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, Malala Foundation<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamzat "Hamzy" Lawal, Education Champion {{!}} Malala Fund|url=https://malala.org/champions/hamzat-%22hamzy%22-lawal|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=malala.org|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180301/https://malala.org/champions/hamzat-%22hamzy%22-lawal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-03|title=Malala Fund lists CODE's Hamzat Lawal as global education champion|url=https://www.thecable.ng/malala-fund-lists-codes-hamzat-lawal-as-global-education-champion|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021: Global Citizens Fellowship nke BeyGOOD<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the Advisory Council Behind this Year’s Global Citizen Fellowship Program, Powered by BeyGOOD|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/advisory-council-GC-fellowship-2021/|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=Global Citizen|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-26|title=Hamzat Lawal, Aisha Yesufu appointed to Beyonce's fellowship advisory council|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/hamzat-lawal-aisha-yesufu-appointed-to-beyonces-fellowship-advisory-council/|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021: Council of Europe na-enye onyinye Democracy Innovation Awards<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=Hamzat Lawal, ICIJ named finalists for $120,000 sustainability award in Sweden|url=https://www.thecable.ng/hamzat-lawal-icij-named-finalists-for-120000-sustainability-award-in-sweden|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021: Ndị ntorobịa iri pụtara ìhè, Junior Chamber International Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-06|title=Finalists emerge in 2021 JCI Nigeria TOYP Award|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/finalists-emerge-in-2021-jci-nigeria-toyp-award/|accessdate=2021-08-27|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021: Onye nnọchi anya nsọpụrụ na Israel<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=Hamzat Lawal appointed as honorary ambassador to Israel|url=https://www.thecable.ng/hamzat-lawal-appointed-as-honorary-ambassador-to-israel|accessdate=2022-03-28|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021: Onye ikpeazụ maka WIN WIN Gothenburg Sustainability Award<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-29|title=Hamzat Lawal, a Nigerian brand|url=https://punchng.com/hamzat-lawal-a-nigerian-brand/|accessdate=2022-03-28|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ewq29t926mfbmu1uwrgp7gfivin9jeo 0 22226 727762 577235 2026-09-25T00:37:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727762 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] <span></span><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''Helena Douglas''' (エレナ・ダグラス ''Erena Dagurasu?'') bụ onye ọkpụkpọ na Dead or Alive usoro egwuregwu ọgụ nke Team Ninja na Koei Tecmo. E webatara ya na 1999's Dead or Alive 2 dị ka onye na-agụ egwu French opera na-achọ ịbọ ọbọ maka ogbugbu nne ya. N'ihi njikọ ọbara ya na Fame Douglas, onye isi mbụ nke nzukọ yiri ka ọ na-emegide asọmpi ọgụ Dead or Alive, ọ ghọwo onye dị mkpa na franchise, gụnyere ije ozi dị ka onye isi nke Dead or Alibe 4. == Ọdịdị == === N'egwuregwu vidio === Helena Douglas bụ nwa nwanyị amuma nke Fame Douglas na onye isi ya, onye soprano French aha ya bụ Maria. O yiri ka ọ dị anya site na nna ya, ogbugbu ya emetụtaghị Helena mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ma ọ bụ dị ndụ, kama ọ gbasoro nzọụkwụ nne ya site n'ịghọ onye na-agụ egwu opera nke ọma n'onwe ya. Otú ọ dị, a na-elekwasị ya anya n'onwe ya n'otu n'ime ihe ngosi ya, mana Maria hụrụ égbè onye na-egbu egbu na sekọnd ikpeazụ wee kpachara anya were égbè na-egbu ọchụ e bu n'obi maka nwa ya nwanyị, na-ahapụ Helena naanị ya ma na-achọ ịbọ ọbọ. Ọ malitere na Dead or Alive 2 (1999), ebe, mgbe ọ na-achọ onye gburu ya, ọ chọpụtara na ọnwụ ndị mụrụ ya na mgbalị igbu onwe ya ''nwere'' njikọ na Dead or Live (DOA) World Combat Championship, wee banye na asọmpi ahụ iji chọpụta eziokwu. Ọ bụ ezie na akọwaghị ya na usoro ahụ, Helena yiri ka ọ mụtara ma ọ bụ mara ozi gbasara Dead or Alive Tournament Executive Committee (DOATEC), karịsịa mgbe ọ zutere onye na-asọmpi amnesiac aha ya bụ Ein. Helena na-ekwu na Ayane bụ onye gburu nne ya, ebubo Ayane na-ekwenyeghị ma ọ bụ na-agọnahụ, nke na-akpata ọgụ n'etiti ha. Helena laghachiri maka Dead or Alive 3 (2001), onye iro Victor Donovan jidere ya ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Gantayat|first=Anoop|url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/12/02/dead-or-alive-4-the-characters|title=Dead or Alive 4: The Characters - IGN|work=uk.ign.com|date=2005-12-02|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Helena na-ekwusi ike na ya na DOATEC enweghị njikọ, Donovan kwupụtara na nnwere onwe ya na mkpughe nke eziokwu n'azụ nna DOATECXI bụ onye isi nke nzukọ ahụ tupu ọnwụ ya na mmeri nke atọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Donovan nyere Christie ka ọ na-ele ya anya, na-enye iwu igbu ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa. Otú ọ dị, mgbe Helena zutere ya, Christie kwetara na ọ bụ onye ogbu mmadụ e zigara iji kwụsị ya, mana mgbalị ahụ adaghị. Helena weghaara dịka onye isi oche ọhụrụ nke DOATEC na 2005's Dead or Alive 4, nke ọ bụ onye isi na ya. Ọ were onye ogbugbu Bayman n'ọrụ iji wepụ Donovan, ọrụ ọ jụrụ. Mgbe DOATEC Tritower na-abịa n'okpuru mwakpo nke Mugen Tenshin ninja clan, Helena zutere La Mariposa, onye kwetara na ọ ghọgburu ezinụlọ ahụ ka ha wakpo iji kwụsị Donovan. O mechara chọpụta na ya na Kokoro nwere njikọ ọbara, ebe nne ya Miyako bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nwanyị Fame Douglas. Kasumi mechara bịakwute Helena onye gwara ya ka ọ kwụsị agha dị n'etiti DOATEC na Mugen Tenshin. Helena jụrụ, na-ekwu na ha agaghị akwụsị ihe ọ bụla ruo mgbe e bibiri DOATEC, ọ dịkwa njikere ime ihe ọ bụla iji kwụsị Donovan na Alpha-152. Helena nwara iji égbè gbuo Kasumi mana Hayabusa zọpụtara ya. Helena mụtara eziokwu banyere Christieńs na-etinye aka na ọnwụ Maria ma ha zutere n'agha ọzọ, nke a na-amaghị ihe si na ya pụta, ma e wezụga eziokwu ahụ bụ na ha abụọ lanarịrị. Helena họọrọ ịga na DOATEC site na ime ka usoro mbibi onwe onye nke ụlọ ahụ rụọ ọrụ. Ozugbo e mere ka mbibi onwe onye rụọ ọrụ, ọ na-atụgharị uche n'oge ọ bụ nwata na ọnwụ nke Maria na onye ọzọ n'ime ndị nna ya hụrụ n'anya n'oge gara aga, Anna. Ka Ayane, Hayate, na Ryu Hayabusa na-agbawa isi ụlọ ọrụ DOATEC, Helena họọrọ ịhapụ ndụ ya n'ọkụ nke mkpọmkpọ ebe tupu Zack abịa na helikọpta iji napụta ya. Na Dead or Alive 5 (2012), Helena mechara were Zack ''n'ọrụ'' mgbe ọ na-akpọsa ya onye mmeri nke asọmpi nke anọ. Site n'enyemaka Zack, ọ ghọrọ onye ndú nke DOATEC ọhụrụ a gbanwere ma kwupụta mweghachi nke asọmpi Dead or Alive, wee kpọọ Hayate na Ayane ka ha nyere Kasumi aka ''n'ọrụ'' nke ikpeazụ nke ibibi ndị agha nke ndị ọjọọ nke onwe ya, ọ bụ ezie na Helena amaghị na Kasumi ọ hụrụ bụ n'ezie clone, ruo mgbe ezigbo Kasumi sonyeere ọgụ ahụ n'agha ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gamesurf.tiscali.it/news/trama-e-foto-per-dead-or-alive-5-c44114.html|title=Trama e foto per Dead or Alive 5 - Gamesurf.it|work=Gamesurf.tiscali.it|date=|accessdate=2016-02-06|archivedate=2017-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702115101/http://gamesurf.tiscali.it/news/trama-e-foto-per-dead-or-alive-5-c44114.html}}</ref><ref name="siliconera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.siliconera.com/2012/08/11/team-ninjas-dead-or-alive-5-chart-shows-character-relationships/|title=Team Ninja's ''Dead or Alive 5'' Chart Shows Character Relationships|first=Ishaan|author=Sahdev|work=Siliconera.com|date=August 11, 2012|accessdate=January 28, 2016}}</ref> Dead or Alive 5 Ultimate gosipụtara odibo na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nke Helena bụ Marie Rose, onye Helena zigara ya ka ọ lelee onye na-eto eto na-alụ ọgụ nke a kpọpụtara na Dead or Aliva 5 Last Round aha ya bụ Honoka na Dead or Live 6, na-aghọta na MIST ga-atọrọ ya mgbe ọ hụrụ ike dị egwu n'ime Honoka n'ụbọchị mgbe a chụpụrụ onye agha ahụ a na asọmpi nke ise nke [[Asia]]. Ka Hayate zutere Rig n'oge na-adịghị anya n'abalị mgbe asọmpi nke ise gwụchara n'otu oge ahụ Helena setịpụrụ onwe ya mbibi DiG ebe MIST na-ezo, mana ọ bụghị n'ụzọ ọzọ o yiri ka ọ dị, Helena ghọtara ihe dị mwute mere Rig, ọ maghị ọbụna ihe merenụ mgbe e bibiri ya ma malite ibi na ụlọ Bass Armstrong na New York. Ọ bụ ezie na Lisa jisiri ike lanarị mgbawa ahụ na ebe mbụ ọ zoro na DiG, Helena gbalịrị ịjụ Lisa ka ọ ghara itinye onwe ya n'ihe ize ndụ iji kwụsị egwu Donovan, mana ọ ghọtara na nke ikpeazụ nwere isi ihe na-adịghị egbu oge iji hapụ onye ara dị ka Donovan ka ọ pụọ na mpụ ya. Mgbe Kokoro chọpụtara njikọ ya na nna ha nwụrụ anwụ bụ Fame, Helena sooro nwanne ya nwanyị nwee esemokwu banyere ezinụlọ ha na-abụghị nwunye ha, ruo mgbe Zack jisiri ike mee ka ọnọdụ ahụ dị jụụ, nke mere ka Helena belata. Ka Marie, Bayman na ndị ninja mechara chọta ebe nzuzo nke abụọ n'otu oge ahụ mgbe Honoka na Ayaneis ajọ nna Raidou dị ka onye cyber nukenin na-anwụghị anwụ, Helena na-eche onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eto eto nke duziri ọrụ mbilite n'ọnwụ n'azụ mweghachi Raidouis, NiCO, onye mekwara ka nne Helena Maria dịghachi n'èzí. Mgbe ọ ghọtara ihe atụmatụ NiCO bụ, Helena adịghị anabata iweghachi ndị mụrụ ha furu efu na ndụ, na-ekwu na mmadụ kwesịrị ịga n'ihu ma na-aṅụ iyi na NiCO ga-amụta otu ụbọchị ka ọ ga-aga n'ihu site na ihe mgbu ya dị ka Helena nwere. Helena ''nwere'' ike igwu egwu na egwuregwu spinoff Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball (2003), Dead or Alibe Xtreme 2 (2006) na Dead or Aliva Paradise (2010), ka na-achụ Christie. Ọ laghachiri dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu itoolu na mbipụta 2016 Dead or Alive Xtreme 3 mgbe a họpụtara ya na ndepụta na ntuli aka ndị [[Japan]].<ref name="gamecity">{{Cite web|title=DOAX3|url=https://www.gamecity.ne.jp/doax3/vote_result.html|work=Gamecity.ne.jp|accessdate=2015-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/9/19/9356129/dead-or-alive-xtreme-3-release-date-playstation-vr|title=Dead or Alive Xtreme 3 launches spring 2016 with PlayStation VR support|first=Michael|author=McWhertor|work=Polygon.com|date=September 19, 2015|accessdate=January 25, 2016}}</ref> ==== Nhazi na egwuregwu ==== E depụtara Helena dị ka onye guzo 5'7" n'ịdị elu na 108 pound, nwere ogologo ntutu na-acha ọbara ọbara na anya na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ebe nha ya bụ 35-22-34.<ref name="dm">"Alive & Heaving". </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox.gamespy.com/xbox/dead-or-alive-xtreme-beach-volleyball/guide/page_5.html|title=Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball - xbox—Walkthrough and Guide - Page 5 - GameSpy|work=Xbox.gamespy.com|date=2003-01-03|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Carle|first=Chris|url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2006/11/21/videogame-babe-of-the-day-helena|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119120744/http://uk.ign.com/articles/2006/11/21/videogame-babe-of-the-day-helena|archivedate=January 19, 2016|title=Videogame Babe of the Day: Helena|work=uk.ign.com|date=2006-11-21|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref> Onyinye tupu ọ tụọ maka Dead or Alive 5 Last Round nke Amazon.com nyere gụnyere ejiji "Showstopper" maka onye ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gameplorer.de/dead-or-alive-5-last-round-release-datum-next-gen/|title=Dead or Alive 5: Last Round: Release-Datum für PS4 und Xbox One + Vorbesteller-Boni enthüllt|work=Gameplorer.de|date=October 24, 2014|language=de|accessdate=October 15, 2022|archivedate=November 5, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105152727/http://www.gameplorer.de/dead-or-alive-5-last-round-release-datum-next-gen/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/dead_or_alive_5_last_round/b/playstation4/archive/2014/10/23/dead-or-alive-5-last-round-coming-february-with-free-trials-in-tow.aspx|title=Dead Or Alive 5: Last Round Coming February With Free Trials In Tow|work=GameInformer.com|first=Mike|author=Futter|date=October 23, 2014|accessdate=October 15, 2022|archivedate=October 25, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210212/http://www.gameinformer.com/games/dead_or_alive_5_last_round/b/playstation4/archive/2014/10/23/dead-or-alive-5-last-round-coming-february-with-free-trials-in-tow.aspx}}</ref> Otu n'ime uwe Helena na Last Round bụ uwe nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri Tamiki Wakaki mepụtara, ebe ndị ọzọ gụnyere uwe Reina si Deception IV: The Nightmare Princess, Vita Clotilde si Nihon Falcom's The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel, Prọfesọ Tierra si Square Enix's School Girl Strikers, na Aquarius si na manga na anime Fairy Tale, yana uwe ninja na uwe Garrison Regiment site na Attack on Titan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n7A0HG9s48|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310154255/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n7A0HG9s48|archivedate=2016-03-10|title=Dead or Alive 5: Last Round—Tamiki Wakaki Costumes|work=YouTube|date=2015-07-22|accessdate=2015-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/teamninjastudio/status/614040395450748929|title=Team NINJA on Twitter: "Helena is Reina, the Princess of Tragedy|work=Twitter.com|date=2015-06-25|accessdate=2015-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pushsquare.com/news/2015/09/store_update_15th_september_2015_north_america|title=Store Update: 15th September 2015 (North America)|work=Push Square|date=15 September 2015|accessdate=2015-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pushsquare.com/news/2015/11/transforming_schoolgirls_strike_dead_or_alive_5_with_new_costume_crossover|title=Transforming Schoolgirls Strike Dead or Alive 5 with New Costume Crossover|publisher=Push Square|date=17 November 2015|accessdate=2016-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sato|url=http://www.siliconera.com/2016/06/09/dead-alive-5-last-round-getting-fairy-tail-collaboration-costumes/|title=Dead or Alive 5: Last Round Is Getting Fairy Tail Collaboration Costumes|publisher=Siliconera|date=2016-06-09|accessdate=2016-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-newshub.com/gaming/ninja-clan-2-costume-pack-available-for-dead-or-alive-5-last-round|title=The real free press|publisher=The-newshub.com|date=|accessdate=2016-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921115042/https://www.the-newshub.com/gaming/ninja-clan-2-costume-pack-available-for-dead-or-alive-5-last-round|archivedate=2016-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gematsu.com/2016/07/dead-alive-5-last-round-add-king-fighters-mai-shiranui-via-paid-dlc-september|title=Dead or Alive 5: Last Round to add The King of Fighters' Mai Shiranui via paid DLC in September|publisher=Gematsu|date=9 July 2016|accessdate=2016-08-29}}</ref> Dị ka IGN si kwuo, "dị ka otu n'ime ihe odide kachasị mma na" Dead or Alive 3, "Helena ''nwere'' nnukwu ụgbọala nke usoro pụrụ iche dị iche iche na nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mwakpo kachasị ike na egwuregwu ahụ. "<ref name="ign2">{{Cite web|author=Chau|first=Anthony|url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2001/11/15/doa-3-fighter-of-the-day-helena|title=DOA 3 Fighter Of The Day: Helena - IGN|work=uk.ign.com|date=2001-11-15|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref> Ebe ''nrụọrụ'' ahụ gbakwunyere na "mmegharị ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye agha kachasị mma" na usoro ahụ, na Dead or Alive Ultimate, Helena bụ "nnukwu ngwakọta nke ụkwụ na ike aka" ma bụrụ "ọ bụghị onye kachasị mfe iji zụta, mana mgbe ị na-achịkwa usoro ya, ị ga-achịkwa".<ref name="ign3">{{Cite web|author=Goldstein|first=Hilary|url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2004/09/22/girls-of-doau-helena|title=Girls of DOAU: Helena - IGN|publisher=Uk.ign.com|date=2004-09-22|accessdate=2015-07-01}}</ref> Hardcore Gaming 101 kwuru, "A naghị ahụkarị ụdị nka ọgụ ya, Pi Gua Quan, n'egwuregwu ọgụ, [ma] na-adabere na mmegharị gburugburu ogologo oge iji nweta ume. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/doa/doa.htm|title=Hardcore Gaming 101: Dead or Alive|author=Kurt Kalata and Sam Derboo|work=Hardcore Gaming 101|date=September 3, 2015|accessdate=January 27, 2016|archivedate=July 16, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716165417/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/doa/doa.htm}}</ref> Helena bụ onye a na-apụghị imeghe na Dead or Alive 4, nke o nwere ọtụtụ "ezi 'launcher' mwakpo" nke ''nwere'' ike iduga na combos juggle, dị ka GameSpy si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/dead-or-alive-4/guide/page_6.html|title=Dead or Alive 4 - xbox360 - Walkthrough and Guide - Page 6 - GameSpy|work=Xbox360.gamespy.com|date=2006-01-24|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xbox.gamespy.com/xbox/dead-or-alive-ultimate/guide/page_24.html|title=''Dead or Alive Ultimate'' Walkthrough and Guide - Page 24 - GameSpy|work=Xbox.gamespy.com|date=2004-01-24|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref> === Na ihe nkiri === Helena bụ onye isi na ihe nkiri live-action nke afọ 2006 ''DOA'': Dead or Alive, nke Sarah Carter mere. Ọrụ Helena dị ka onye na-elekọta asọmpi ahụ ka dị, mana a na-eleghara akụkọ ihe mere eme ya anya ma nye ya àgwà dị mma nke dị iche na ọnọdụ ya dịpụrụ adịpụ n'egwuregwu; ọ na-apụta n'otu ihe nkiri na-eyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ, na usoro mkparịta ụka nwere ya na-ekwu maka ịchọ ileta Paris. N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, onye na-ahazi asọmpi Donovan (Eric Roberts), onye nwetara ikike nke DOATEC mgbe ọnwụ nna Helena, na-emeso Helena dị ka ihe iwe dị mkpa. Ọ na-enwetakwa mmasị ịhụnanya na-abụghị nke Canon na onye na-enyere Donovan aka, Weatherby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/06/15/doa-dead-or-alive|title=DOA: Dead or Alive|author=Stax (Jim Vejvoda)|work=IGN.com|date=June 15, 2007|accessdate=January 27, 2016}}</ref> == Nnakwere == [[Usòrò:C2E2_2014_Contest_-_Helena_Douglas_(14109313304).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/C2E2_2014_Contest_-_Helena_Douglas_%2814109313304%29.jpg/170px-C2E2_2014_Contest_-_Helena_Douglas_%2814109313304%29.jpg|thumb|Noelle d'Arda na-eme ihe nkiri Helena na C2E2 2014]] Helena enwetala ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ na ndị mmadụ nabatara ya nke ọma. Hilary Goldstein nke IGN nwere obi ụtọ na 2004, "Anyị hụrụ Helena n'anya n'ihi na ọ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọgbọ egwuregwu ụlọ ya, Opera House na-ere ọkụ, so n'ime ndị kachasị jụụ na ''DOA Ultimate''. Helena bụkwa naanị nwa agbọghọ [n'usoro] nke mara mma n'ebe ọ nọ. Ndị ọzọ na-egwuri egwu na ụmụ nwanyị ụlọ akwụkwọ Eshia na-ahụ ụmụ nwoke n'anya, mana Helena nwere klas (na obi, n'ezie) na-aga maka ya ... enweghị uwe akwụna na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha mma. "<ref name="ign3"/> Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ gara n'ihu kọwaa Helena dị ka "mara mma" na "onye mara mma French vixen".<ref name="ign2"/> Official Dreamcast ''Magazine'' kwuru na Helena gosipụtara na stereotype nke "nwa ọkụ opera abụba" bụ "nke na-ezighị ezi".<ref name="dm">"Alive & Heaving". </ref> GameFront gụnyere ya n'etiti ụmụ agbọghọ egwuregwu vidio kachasị elu n'oge niile na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://www.gamefront.com/top-video-game-girls-of-all-time/|title=Top Video Game Girls of All Time|work=GameFront|date=2007-05-16|accessdate=2015-06-18|archivedate=2015-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040401/http://www.gamefront.com/top-video-game-girls-of-all-time/}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, saịtị Brazil GameHall's "Portal PlayGame" họọrọ Helena dị ka nwanyị nke iri na otu kachasị mma na vidiyo, na-ewere ya dị ka "onye kachasị mma" n'ozuzu ya na usoro ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portalplaygame.com/top-100-as-personagens-mais-gatas-dos-games/|title=TOP 100 – As Personagens mais gatas dos games &#124; Portal Play Game|date=2015-01-23|accessdate=2015-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123234148/http://portalplaygame.com/top-100-as-personagens-mais-gatas-dos-games/|archivedate=January 23, 2015}}</ref> A họpụtara Helena dị ka onye nke iri kachasị ewu ewu na usoro ''DOA'' na ntuli aka ndị na-akwado ya nke Koei Tecmo mere na 2014, mana ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri họpụtara iji ruo eru maka Dead or Alive 3 Xtreme, ọ mechara nke ikpeazụ (nke itoolu) na pasent ole na ole nke votu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamecity.ne.jp/doa5/lastround/vote/index.html|title=DEAD OR ALIVE 5 Last Round ?|publisher=Gamecity.ne.jp|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="gamecity"/> Ludwig Kietzmann nke Joystiq jụrụ "omume nke Helena Douglas, onye a na-eche na ọ bụ onye isi oche French nke na-eyi uwe maka cabaret sultry ma na-eti ndị ọrụ ya ihe n'ụzọ nkịtị".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kietzmann|first=Ludwig|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2012/09/27/dead-or-alive-5-review/|title=Dead or Alive 5 review: Begrudge match|publisher=Joystiq.com|date=2012-09-27|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref> AJ Glasser nke Kotaku kwupụtara Maria dị ka "nne kachasị mma" n'egwuregwu ọgụ, "n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe na-ekwu 'Mama hụrụ gị n'anya' dị ka iburu mgbọ onye na-agba égbè n'obi".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5238770/mommy-dearest-the-best-and-worst-mothers-in-video-games|title=Mommy Dearest: The Best and Worst Mothers in Video Games|first=AJ|author=Glasser|work=Kotaku.com|date=May 6, 2009|accessdate=January 27, 2016|archive-date=February 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202000027/http://kotaku.com/5238770/mommy-dearest-the-best-and-worst-mothers-in-video-games|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, saịtị ahụ gụnyere Fame Douglas n'etiti ndị nna kachasị njọ na egwuregwu vidio. "Ihe a ma ama kụrụ onye na-agụ egwu opera a ma ama n'ụwa ma lụọ ya; mana ọ hapụrụ nwa ya nwanyị ụlọ ọrụ ya, DOATEC, mgbe e gbusịrị ya. Ekele, Papa!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5297186/father-knows-best-the-best-and-worst-fathers-in-video-games|title=Father Knows Best: The Best and Worst Fathers in Video Games|first=AJ|author=Glasser|work=Kotaku.com|date=June 21, 2009|accessdate=June 18, 2015|archive-date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122003202/https://kotaku.com/5297186/father-knows-best-the-best-and-worst-fathers-in-video-games|url-status=dead}}</ref> A kpọrọ Helena otu n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ asaa kachasị mma na egwuregwu vidio site na magazin Spanish Marca Player na 2009.<ref>''Marca Player'' issue 9 page 50.</ref> Ihe nkiri ọgụ ya na Christie nọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri na otu na 2012 "ihe nkiri kachasị mma nwa agbọghọ na nwa agbọghọ ọgụ" nyocha n'ịntanetị nke JoBlo.com duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Droz (Kevin Blanchard)|url=http://www.joblo.com/hollywood-celebrities/gossip/13115/results|title=HOTTIE POLL: What's the best cinematic girl-on-girl fight?|work=Joblo.com|date=2012-08-04|accessdate=2016-02-06|archivedate=2016-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207055849/http://www.joblo.com/hollywood-celebrities/gossip/13115/results}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị <nowiki><i id="mw6g">nwụrụ anwụ</i></nowiki> ma ọ bụ ndị dị ndụ {{Clear}} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website (''DOA5'') {{Dead or Alive series}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] htmmllpqop3hlfbj2blxb05bwjc6yhj 0 22724 727831 671459 2026-09-25T05:20:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivan Toms''' (Julaị 11, 1952 na Machị 25, 2008) bụ dọkịta South Africa, onye lụsoro ọchịchị oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ọgụ dị ka onye a ma ama na-emegide ịkpa ókè megide ịkpa ókè.<ref name="bg">{{Cite news|title=Ivan Toms, doctor who battled policy of apartheid|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/03/28/ivan_toms_doctor_who_battled_policy_of_apartheid/|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=28 March 2008|accessdate=2008-04-14|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184756/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/03/28/ivan_toms_doctor_who_battled_policy_of_apartheid/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge ọnwụ ya n'afọ 2008, Toms na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi ahụike maka obodo Cape Town, South Africa.<ref name="mg">{{Cite news|title=Ivan Toms, 'bravest of the brave', dies in Cape Town|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=335431&area=/obituaries/|work=[[Mail and Guardian]]|date=25 March 2008|accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref> A mụrụ Ivan Toms na Cape Town n'ụbọchị 11 Julaị 1952.<ref name="tg">{{Cite news|first=David|author=Beresford|title=Ivan Toms, South African doctor opposed to the conscription that bolstered apartheid|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/apr/10/southafrica|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=10 April 2008|accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref> Ọ natara akara ugo mmụta ọgwụ na Mahadum Cape Town n'afọ 1976.<ref name="tg" /> Ọ gara Glenwood High School na Durban site n'afọ 1965 ruo afọ 1969. Ọ bụ osote onye isi n'afọ 1969. Enwere ike ịchọta okwu otuto nye Ivan na: <nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20160916112842/http://www.glenwoodhighschool.co.za/node/3493</nowiki>. E debara aha Toms n'ọrụ mba na South African Defence Force (SADF), dị ka dọkịta na-abụghị onye agha n'afọ 1978.<ref name="mg" /><ref name="tg" /> Ọ megidere ebumnuche nke SADF, mana ọ jụrụ ịhapụ South Africa.<ref name="tg" /> Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime ọnwa isii ya dị ka dọkịta na [[Namibia]], nke a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka South West Africa ma bụrụ nke South Africa na-achịkwa.<ref name="mg" /> == Edensibịa == n35nxakqn5d8adg2i6dzl3dptxl3i2b 0 22898 727640 706246 2026-09-24T14:30:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Edna Adan.jpg|thumb|Edna Adan Ismail]] '''Edna Adan Ismail''' (Somali: ama Adna AadanIsmaaciil) (amụrụ na 8 Septemba, na afọ 1937) bụ onye nọọsụ na-amụ nwa, onye na-eme ihe ike ma bụrụ nwanyị mbụ Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ nke [[Somaliland]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/02/world/africa/02somalia.html|title=No Winner Seen in Somalia's Battle With Chaos|author=Gettleman, Jeffrey|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 June 2009|accessdate=20 May 2019}}</ref> site na afo 2003 ruo na afọ 2006. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista nke Ahụike Ezinụlọ na Mmepe Ọha na Eze nke Somaliland. Ọ bụ onye nduzi na onye guzobere Edna Adan Maternity Hospital na Hargeisa na onye na-eme ihe ike na onye ọsụ ụzọ na ọgụ maka iwepụ akụkụ ahụ nwanyị. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Organization for Victims of Torture.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Topping|first=Alexandra|title=Somaliland's leading lady for women's rights: 'It is time for men to step up'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/somaliland-womens-rights-gender-violence|work=The Guardian|date=23 June 2014}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal onye bụ praịm minista nke steeti Somaliland ụbọchị ise tupu Trust Territory nke nnwere onwe Somalia na mgbe e mesịrị Somali Republic (1960-1960) na (1967-1969) na Onye isi ala Somaliland (19932002). == Oge ọ malitere == [[Usòrò:Edna_Adan_Ismail_with_her_pet_cheetah_in_1968.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Edna_Adan_Ismail_with_her_pet_cheetah_in_1968.jpg/170px-Edna_Adan_Ismail_with_her_pet_cheetah_in_1968.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Edna Adan Ismail na anụ ụlọ ya cheetah na 1968.]] A mụrụ Edna Adan na Hargeisa, British Somaliland na 8 Septemba, na afọ 1937, nwa nwanyị nke dọkịta Somalia a ma ama.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Women Political Leaders in Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/womenpoliticalle0000skai|author=Skaine|first=Rosemary|publisher=McFarlane|year=2008|isbn=9780786432998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenpoliticalle0000skai/page/54 54]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cf.ac.uk/125/getinvolved/mycardiff/140708.html|title=125th Anniversary - Get Involved - My Cardiff|publisher=Cf.ac.uk|accessdate=10 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513010807/http://www.cf.ac.uk/125/getinvolved/mycardiff/140708.html|archivedate=13 May 2014}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ ise nne ya mụrụ, mana abụọ nwụrụ n'oge a na-amụ nwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2019/01/giving-birth-in-united-states-suprisingly-deadly/|title=Why giving birth in the U.S. is surprisingly deadly|date=2018-12-13|work=[[National Geographic]]|accessdate=2018-12-22|archive-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215001031/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2019/01/giving-birth-in-united-states-suprisingly-deadly/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, ụmụ agbọghọ anaghị agụ akwụkwọ na Somaliland, mana nna ya goro onye nkuzi maka ụfọdụ ụmụ nwoke nọ n'ógbè ahụ ma ọ mụtara iso ha gụọ ma dee. O mechara gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na [[Djibouti]] ebe nwanne nne ya bụ onye nkuzi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lsbu.ac.uk/stories/edna-adan-ismail-honorary-doctor|title=Edna Adan Ismail, Honorary Doctor|author=University|first=London South Bank|work=www.lsbu.ac.uk|language=en|accessdate=2018-11-07|archivedate=2019-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326185809/https://www.lsbu.ac.uk/stories/edna-adan-ismail-honorary-doctor}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, a ga-egbu ya. Ọ bụ nne ya na nne nne ya haziri ya mgbe nna ya nọ na njem azụmahịa; mgbe ọ laghachiri, iwe were ya.<ref name=":1" /> N'ịchọ igbochi ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ịnata otu mmerụ ahụ o mere, ọ zụrụ dị ka onye nọọsụ na onye na-amụ nwa na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na Borough Polytechnic, ugbu a London South Bank University.<ref name=":1"/> O mechara lụọ Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Somalia nke a họpụtara dịka praịm minista Somalia n'afọ 1967. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ "nwa agbọghọ Somalia mbụ" gụrụ akwụkwọ na Britain, onye nọọsụ mbụ ruru eru na Somaliland na nwanyị Somalia mbụ na-akwọ ụgbọala.<ref name="KristofWuDunn2010">{{Cite book|author=Kristof, Nicholas D.|title=Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide|url=https://archive.org/details/halfsky00nich|year=2010|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-0-307-38709-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/halfsky00nich/page/124 124]–}}</ref><ref name="KristofWuDunn2010" /><ref name="KristofWuDunn2010" /> == Ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ == [[Usòrò:Edna_Adan_Hospital.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Edna_Adan_Hospital.jpg/220px-Edna_Adan_Hospital.jpg|thumb|Edna Adan Maternity Hospital, Hargeisa]] [[Usòrò:Somaliland_and_Hargasia_(29592272455).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Somaliland_and_Hargasia_%2829592272455%29.jpg/220px-Somaliland_and_Hargasia_%2829592272455%29.jpg|thumb|Mahadum Edna Adan, Hargeisa]] N'afọ 1980, Edna Adan malitere iwu ụlọ ọgwụ n'isi obodo Somaliland bụ Hargeisa, mana a manyere ya ịhapụ mba ahụ n'ihi mmalite nke Agha Obodo Somalia n'afọ 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ednahospitalfoundation.org/about-us/|title=Who is Edna Adan|date=26 September 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-30|archivedate=2020-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319132943/https://ednahospitalfoundation.org/about-us/}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri Somaliland wee wuo ụlọ ọgwụ na-amụ nwa, nke ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ. Edna Adan Maternity Hospital meghere na 9 Machị na afọ 2002, n'ala gọọmentị mpaghara nyere ya na saịtị a na-ejibu dị ka ihe mkpofu. Mpaghara ahụ enweghị ndị nọọsụ a zụrụ azụ iji rụọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ha gbapụrụ na mba ahụ ma ọ bụ nwụọ n'oge agha obodo ahụ, ya mere Edna kpọtara ihe karịrị mmadụ iri atọ ma malite ịzụ ha n'afọ 2000 mgbe ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ka na-ewu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.directrelief.org/2012/08/partner-spotlight-edna-adan-university-hospital-somaliland/|title=Partner Spotlight: Edna Adan University Hospital, Somaliland|work=Direct Relief|date=24 August 2012}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ebe abụọ a na-awa ahụ ugbu a, ụlọ nyocha, ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ kọmputa na ngalaba zuru ezu a raara nye ọzụzụ ndị nọọsụ na ndị na-amụ nwa. {{As of|2018}}, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ndị ọrụ 200 na ụmụ akwụkwọ 1500.<ref name=":0"/> Ebumnauche nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Edna Adan bụ inyere aka melite ahụike nke ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ, ọkachasị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnwụ nne na nwa ọhụrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ọrụ ebere na-enweghị uru na ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi nke na-amụ nwa nke na-emekwa ọzụzụ nke ndị nọọsụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-enyere ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ nyocha aka. == Ọrụ ebere == Ọrụ Edna Adan na-akwado ọrụ ebere na United Kingdom na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] nke na-enyere ya aka ịkwalite nkwado na mmata iji zụọ ndị na-amụ nwa ndị ọzọ ma lụso FGM ọgụ na Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ednahospitalfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Press-Release-EAHF-October-221.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=13 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822023648/http://ednahospitalfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Press-Release-EAHF-October-221.pdf|archivedate=22 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/dec/12/edna-adan-with-my-army-of-midwives-fewer-girls-will-go-through-fgm|title=Edna Adan: 'With my army of midwives, fewer girls will go through FGM'|author=Carson|first=Mary|date=2016-12-12|work=The Guardian|language=en|accessdate=2018-05-23}}</ref> [[Usòrò:TEDxAmsterdamWomen-2019_(94).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/TEDxAmsterdamWomen-2019_%2894%29.jpg/220px-TEDxAmsterdamWomen-2019_%2894%29.jpg|thumb|Edna Adan na-egosi na TEDxAmsterdam 2019]] == Ọrụ gọọmentị == Edna Adan Ismail bụ naanị nwanyị minista na gọọmentị Somaliland ruo n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2006, mgbe onye bụbu Minista nke Ozi na National Guidance Abdillahi Mohamed Dualeh nọchiri ya dị ka Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mba. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na gọọmentị, ọ na-aga n'ihu ịbụ olu maka ọchịchọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ndị Somaliland. N'ọnwa Maachị, afọ 2022, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi oche nke Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. == Onyinye na mmata == Edna Adan Ismail bụ onye natara onyinye AMANITARE 2002 ihe nrite maka mbọ ọ na-agba imeghe ụlọ ọgwụ na Somaliland n'afọ 1998.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sheldon, Kathleen E., 1952-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56967121|title=Historical dictionary of women in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=0-8108-5331-0|location=Lanham, Md.|oclc=56967121}}</ref> N'ịghọta onyinye ndụ ya niile na ọrụ enyemaka, agbakwunyere aha Edna Adan Ismail na Medical Mission Hall of Fame, Mahadum Toledo, Ohio, na Maachị, na afọ 2007.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)69047-8/fulltext|title=Working together to rebuild health care in post-conflict Somaliland|accessdate=10 December 2014|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69047-8|pmid=16997666|volume=368|issue=9541|journal=The Lancet|pages=1119–1125|year=2006|author=Leather|first=Andrew}}</ref> O nwere nzere Doctoral Honorary na Mahadum Clark na [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]]. E mere ya onye Honorary Fellow nke Mahadum Cardiff na Wales na afọ 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual Review 2008|url=https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/19901/CU-AR08-ENGLISH.pdf|publisher=Cardiff University|accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists nyere ya Honorary Fellowship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fellows honoris causa of the RCOG|url=https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/about-us/membership/membership-categories/fellows-honoris-causa/|publisher=[[Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists]]|accessdate=6 September 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, e gosipụtara Edna Adan na ihe ngosi Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, nke malitere na PBS 1 na 2 Ọktoba. Usoro ahụ na-ewebata ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-ebi n'ọnọdụ siri ike ma jiri obi ike lụọ ọgụ iji maa ha aka. Ọ bụ Show of Force na Fugitive Films mepụtara usoro Half the Sky PBS TV. Ọ bụ onye a tụfuru n'ime usoro Desert Island ''Discs'' na BBC Radio 4 na 22 Ọktoba 2017.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b099w3v2 Edna Adan Ismail’s ‘Desert Island Discs’ appearance]</ref> Kate Grant, onye isi oche nke Fistula Foundation, akpọwo ya "The Muslim Mother Teresa".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/kate-grant/edna-adan_b_1925711.html|title=The Muslim Mother Theresa|author=Kate Grant|date=1 October 2012|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=1 October 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, e nyere ya nzere doctorate nke London South Bank University.<ref name=":0"/> == Hụkwa ==   * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ịmụ Nwa Edna Adan * Mahadum Edna Adan == Ebenside == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.ednahospital.org Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ịmụ Nwa Edna Adan] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190326184306/https://ednahospitalfoundation.org/ Edna Adan Hospital Foundation] E debere ya na Wayback Machine {{DEFAULTSORT:Ismail, Edna Adan}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2ebqqyl2tx0mkwwiqs1m6zpjfp3wrio 0 23009 727749 721457 2026-09-24T22:56:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=File:Grace Mugabe 2013-08-04 11-53 (cropped).jpeg|image_size=200px|caption=Mugabe in 2013|office=[[First Lady of Zimbabwe]]|president=[[Robert Mugabe]]|term_start=17 August 1996|term_end=21 November 2017|term_label=In role|predecessor=[[Sally Mugabe]]|successor=[[Auxillia Mnangagwa]]|office2=[[ZANU–PF Women's League#List of secretaries|Secretary of the ZANU–PF Women's League]]|term_start2=6 December 2014|term_end2=December 2017|predecessor2=[[Oppah Muchinguri]]|successor2=[[Mabel Chinomona]]|birth_name=Grace Ntombizodwa Marufu|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1965|07|23}}|birth_place=[[Benoni, Gauteng|Benoni]], [[South Africa]]<ref name="ZimIndie150724">{{cite news|url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2015/07/24/grace-mugabe-from-chivu-to-gracelands/|title=Grace Mugabe: From Chivu to Gracelands|date=24 July 2015|access-date=19 October 2017|newspaper=The Zimbabwe Independent|archive-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729214636/https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2015/07/24/grace-mugabe-from-chivu-to-gracelands/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|death_date=|death_place=|occupation={{flatlist| * Entrepreneur * politician}}|residence=[[Harare, Zimbabwe]]|party=[[ZANU-PF]] (2014&ndash;2017, expelled)|education=[[Renmin University of China]]<br>[[University of Zimbabwe]] (disputed)|spouse={{ubl|{{marriage|[[Stanley Goreraza]]<br>|1983|1996|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Robert Mugabe]]<br>|1996|2019|end=died}}}}|children=4, including [[Bona Mugabe|Bona]]}}{{Databox}} '''Grace Ntombizodwa Mugabe''' (née '''Marufu'''; ''amụrụ'' na 23 Julaị 1965) bụ onye na ọchụnta ego Zimbabwe, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke onye isi ala Robert Mugabe.<ref name="Bush">{{Cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030307-11.html|title=Executive Order: Blocking Property of Persons Undermining Democratic Processes Or Institutions in Zimbabwe|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=7 March 2003|publisher=The White House}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka First Lady nke Zimbabwe site na afó 1996 ruo mgbe di ya gbara arụkwaghịm na onwa Nọvemba 2017, otu izu mgbe a chụpụrụ ya n'ọchịchị.<ref name="marriage">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/exclusive-the-love-that-made-robert-mugabe-a-monster-804287.html|title=The love that made Robert Mugabe a monster|work=The Independent|first=Robert|author=Verkaik|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=6 April 2008|archive-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925221727/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/exclusive-the-love-that-made-robert-mugabe-a-monster-804287.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42071488|title=Zimbabwe's President Mugabe 'resigns'|date=11 November 2017|work=BBC News|accessdate=11 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/16/robert-mugabe-zimbabwe-disgraceful-coup-must-be-undone|title=Robert Mugabe says 'disgraceful' Zimbabwe coup must be undone|work=The Guardian|date=15 March 2018|accessdate=30 January 2019}}</ref> Malite dị ka odeakwụkwọ Mugabe, ọ rịgooro n'ọkwa nke otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ZANUPF na-achị iji bụrụ onye isi nke Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị ya na onye dị mkpa na otu Generation 40. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwetara aha ọma maka ihe ùgwù na mmefu ego n'oge ọgba aghara akụ na ụba na mba ahụ.<ref>Utton, Dominic (16 November 2017) "[https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/life/880216/zimbabwe-news-latest-grace-mugabe-robert-president-update-gucci-coup Grace Mugabe: Typist who became the wicked power behind Mugabe’s throne is gone]" ''Daily Express''</ref> E nyere ya aha njirimara Gucci Grace n'ihi oke ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-15|title=Grace Mugabe: the rags to riches rise and fall of 'Gucci Grace'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/15/grace-mugabe-the-rags-to-riches-rise-and-fall-of-gucci-grace|accessdate=2021-11-16|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> A chụpụrụ ya na ndị otu G40 ndị ọzọ n'òtù ahụ, n'oge nnupụisi ọchịchị nke Zimbabwe na 2017. Magazin New African kwuru na Mugabe bụ otu n'ime ndị Afrịka 100 kachasị nwee mmetụta n'afọ 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|author=newsday|title=Trevor Ncube among most influential persons in Africa|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa/|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=NewsDay Zimbabwe|date=5 December 2014|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022011008/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Grace Ntombizodwa na Benoni, South Africa n'aka ndị nne na nna kwagara mba ọzọ dị ka nwa nke anọ n'ime ụmụ ise n'ezinụlọ ahụ.<ref name="20150715theguardian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/15/dont-mess-with-grace-mugabe-she-could-be-next-president-zimbabwe|title=Don't mess with Grace Mugabe – she could be the next president of Zimbabwe|author=Smith|first=David|date=15 July 2015|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News and Media|accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="TH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.herald.co.zw/a-loving-mother-of-the-nation/|title=A loving mother of the nation|date=30 August 2017|work=The Herald}}</ref> N'afọ 1970, ọ kwagara Rhodesia, ka ya na nne ya, Idah Marufu, biri na Chivhu ebe nna ya nọrọ ma rụọ ọrụ na South Africa iji kwado ezinụlọ ya.<ref name="TH" /> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Chivhu wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Kriste Mambo na Manicaland.<ref name="TH" /> Ọ lụrụ onye na-anya ụgbọelu Stanley Goreraza<ref>Now [[Defence Attaché]] at the Zimbabwean Embassy in China</ref> ma ha nwere nwa nwoke, Russell Goreraza, amụrụ na afó 1984 mgbe Grace dị afọ 19 (Iri abuo na itoolu).<ref name="Guriraza">{{Cite news|url=http://zimbabwemetro.com/2008/05/29/mugabe-will-not-accept-defeat-grace/|title=Mugabe will not accept defeat – Grace|work=Zimbabwe Metro|first=Roy|author=Chinamano|accessdate=1 July 2008}}</ref><ref name="Stanley">{{Cite news|url=http://www.zwnews.com/print.cfm?ArticleID=9663|title=Affair with president's wife costs Zim tycoon|publisher=ZWNews.com|accessdate=1 July 2008|archive-date=20 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320192911/http://www.zwnews.com/print.cfm?ArticleID=9663|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke onye isi ala, Robert Mugabe, ọ ghọrọ onye isi ya n'oge ọ ka lụrụ Stanley Goreraza ma nwee ụmụ abụọ, Bona amụrụ n'afó 1988, aha nne Mugabe, na Robert Peter Jr.<ref name="Meldrum">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/wherewehavehopem00meld|title=Where We Have Hope: A Memoir of Zimbabwe|first=Andrew|author=Meldrum|publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-871-13896-5}}</ref> Mgbe nwunye mbụ Mugabe, Sally Hayfron, nwụsịrị, di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ n'ememe Katọlik (Robert Mugabe bụ onye Katọlik na-anụ ọkụ n'obi) nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Zimbabwe kpọrọ "Mmekọrịta nke narị afọ".<ref name="Meldrum"/><ref name="Chicko">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hararetribune.com/Articles08/Articles06/Articles10/news106.php|title=A brief history about Grace Mugabe|work=Harare Tribune|author=Chikaya|first=Chicko|accessdate=1 July 2008}}</ref> N'oge ha lụrụ, Grace Marufu dị afọ 31 na Robert Mugabe dị afọ 72. N'afọ 1997, ọ mụrụ nwa nke atọ nke di na nwunye ahụ, Chatunga Berlamine Mugabe.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/744174.stm|title=Mugabe: Freedom fighter turned autocrat|work=BBC News|author=Winter|first=Joseph|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=10 May 2000}}</ref> Grace Mugabe debanyere aha dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na School of Liberal Arts, Mahadum Renmin na [[China]] na 2007, na-amụ asụsụ Chinese. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na afó 2011. Otú ọ dị, o kwetara na ya amaghị nke ọma na Chinese mgbe ọ gụsịrị nzere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2014/10/24/grace-phd-fraud-interview-sheds-light/|title=Grace PhD fraud: Interview sheds light|work=Zimbabwa Independent|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=18 October 2022|archivedate=18 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618082936/https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2014/10/24/grace-phd-fraud-interview-sheds-light/}}</ref> Nne ya Idah Marufu nwụrụ na 31 Ọgọst 2018, mgbe ọ gbara afọ 84.<ref>[https://citizen.co.za/news/news-africa/2003303/grace-mugabes-mom-dies/ Grace Mugabe’s mom dies]</ref> == ZANU-PF == [[Usòrò:Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_cropped_Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_20160328_2.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_cropped_Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_20160328_2.jpg/200px-Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_cropped_Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_20160328_2.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Mụ na Akie Abe (na Japan, 28 Machị 2016)]] Na ngwụcha na afọ 2014, Grace Mugabe katọrọ osote onye isi ala Joice Mujuru, onye e kwuru na ọ gbara izu megide di ya, onye isi ala Mugabe. N'ikpeazụ, ebubo ndị a na-ebo Mujuru mere ka e wepụ ya dị ka onye na-azọ ihe ga-anọchi Mugabe ma mee ka ọ bụrụ onye a chụpụrụ n'ime ZANU-PF n'oge ọ nwere nnọkọ ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na Disemba 2014.<ref name="Reuters20171117">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics-grace/grace-mugabe-the-office-worker-who-wanted-to-rule-zimbabwe-idUSKBN1DH1C8|title=Grace Mugabe: the office worker who wanted to rule Zimbabwe|date=17 November 2017|work=Reuters}}</ref> Ka ọ dịgodị, ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Grace Mugabe mụbara. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi nke ZANUPF Women's League, ndị nnọchiteanya na nnọkọ nnọkọ ahụ kwadoro nhọpụta ya site na mmeri na 6 Disemba 2014. Mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke otu ụmụ nwanyị, ọ ghọkwara onye otu ZANU-PF Politburo.<ref name="Reuters141206">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics-idUSKBN0JK0IQ20141206|title=Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU-PF confirms Mugabe's wife as women's head|work=Reuters|date=6 December 2014}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2016, itinye aka nke nwanyị mbụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ZANU-PF n'ime ụlọ ahụ ahụla asịrị na-ekwu na ọ na-ebute otu n'ime òtù nzuzo nke pati ahụ, G40 (Ọgbọ 40).<ref>[https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2017/09/10/team-lacoste-vs-g40-ed-poisoning-triggers-vicious-fight/ "Team Lacoste vs G40: ED 'poisoning' triggers vicious fight"]. </ref> Akụkụ nke ọzọ, Lacoste, na-eche na ọ bụ osote onye isi ala Emmerson Mnangagwa duziri ya. Nkewa na ZANU-PF n'oge ahụ hiwere isi na ajụjụ nke onye ga-anọchi Mugabe. Esemokwu dị n'etiti Grace Mugabe na Mnangagwa ruru n'ókè ọgba aghara na ngwụcha Septemba 2017, ebe ndị otu abụọ ahụ na-atụ ibe ha mkpịsị aka na nzukọ ọha na eze ZANU PF. Mgbe ọ na-agwa ndị na-ege ntị okwu na ozi ncheta Mahofa, Mnangagwa kwuru na e nyere ya nsí na ZANU PF Youth Interface rally na Gwanda.<ref name="bulawayo24119034">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221021174236/https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-119034.html "Mnangagwa admits he was poisoned"].</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe okwu Mnangagwa gasịrị, Onye isi ala Robert Mugabe kpọrọ mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ na ihe ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na ọ bụ ọrụ na-agbanwe ike. Mnangagwa, dị ka ndị enyi ya a na-enyo enyo, tụfuru ozi ikpe. Ọktoba 2017 gosipụtara mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kachasị elu nke Grace Mugabe na ZANU PF.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-11-06|title=Zimbabwe politics: Mugabe sacks 'disloyal' Mnangagwa|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41890493|accessdate=2021-05-17}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, Grace nyere aka n'ịchụpụ osote onye isi ala n'oge ahụ, Emmerson Mnangagwa, mgbe ọ baara ya mba maka ịkpata nkewa na Zanu PF. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Grace kwupụtara ebumnuche ya nke iweghara ọkwa osote onye isi ala. Mba ahụ nọ n'ọgba aghara dị elu ma n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị mgbe Emmerson Mnangagwa choro ebe mgbaba na mpụga Zimbabwe, ndị agha weghaara ọchịchị na-enweghị ọbara n'okpuru General Constantino Chiwenga. Grace Mugabe bụ onye a na-adịghị ahụ anya n'oge a na akụkọ dị iche iche banyere ebe ọ nọ. N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba, a chụpụrụ Grace Mugabe na ndị enyi ya iri abụọ na ZANU-PF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/19/zimbabwe-ruling-party-fires-robert-mugabe-as-leader|title=Chaos in Zimbabwe after Mugabe fails to announce expected resignation|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 November 2017}}</ref> Mgbe Robert Mugabe nwụrụ na 6 Septemba 2019, ndị Mugabe abụọ ahụ nọ na Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/09/06/robert-mugabes-death-next-grace/|title=After Robert Mugabe's death, what next for Grace?|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=6 September 2019|accessdate=8 September 2019}}</ref> == ntaramahụhụ == Mgbe a machibidoro ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ site na European Union inyocha ntuli aka Zimbabwe nke afọ 2002, EU tinyere ntaramahụhụ na ndị isi Zimbabwe 20 wee, na July, gbasaa ha ka ha tinye Grace Mugabe na ndị ọzọ 51, machibido ha ịga mba ndị sonyere ma mee ka akụ ọ bụla e nwere n'ebe ahụ kwụsị.<ref name="BBC-3">{{Cite news|title=Mugabe's wife on EU sanctions list|work=BBC News|date=22 July 2002|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2143442.stm|accessdate=28 September 2009}}</ref> N'afọ 2003, United States guzobere ihe mgbochi yiri nke ahụ.<ref>[https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20161004 Blocking property of persons undermining democratic processes or institutions in Zimbabwe]</ref> == Arụmụka == [[Usòrò:Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg/200px-Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg|thumb|200x200px|Mụ na Robert Mugabe na 4 Ọgọst 2013]] === Ala na ụlọ === N'oge ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ, Grace Mugabe lekọtara iwu obí eze abụọ. Nke mbụ, nke a na-akpọkarị "Gracelands", ka a katọrọ maka oke ya. Grace Mugabe mechara kọwaa na o jiri ego nke ya kwụọ ụgwọ ya.<ref name="Meldrum"/> E mechara resị ya Muammar Gaddafi nke [[Libya]]. E wuchara nke abụọ na 2007, na-efu ihe dị ka $ 50 nde. Ọ bụ ndị otu ZANU-PF kwadoro ọrụ ahụ iji kelee Robert Mugabe maka ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya.<ref name="Graceland">{{Cite news|url=http://adelaide.newsvine.com/_news/2007/11/02/1067626-the-palace-of-president-mugabe-of-zimbabwe|title=The Palace of President Mugabe of Zimbabwe|work=Newsvine|author=Chappell|first=Anne|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=2 November 2007|archive-date=29 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429195559/http://adelaide.newsvine.com/_news/2007/11/02/1067626-the-palace-of-president-mugabe-of-zimbabwe|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, Grace Mugabe gara n'ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na [[Zimbabwe]], na-achọ ebe ọhụrụ maka onwe ya na ezinụlọ ya. Ọ họọrọ Iron Mask Estate, nke ndị ọrụ ugbo John na Eva Matthews nwere n'oge gara aga.<ref name="Farm">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global/main.jhtml?xml=/global/2002/08/20/nzim20.xml|title=Mugabe's wife to move into white couple's farm|work=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|author=Thornycroft|first=Peta|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=20 August 2002}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ahụ nwere ihe onwunwe na Malaysia, na mbido afọ 2008, a kọrọ na Grace Mugabe nwere olileanya ịkwaga ebe ahụ na ụmụ ya. Ebumnuche nke ịkwaga bụ ịgbanahụ nrụgide nke ndị ndu na iji dozie egwu na ezinụlọ mbụ na-eche ogbugbu ihu.<ref name="Malaysia">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/mugabe-demands-vote-recount-as-war-veterans-arm-for-battle-805403.html|title=Mugabe demands vote recount as 'war veterans' arm for battle|author=Peta|first=Basildon|work=The Independent|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=7 April 2008}}</ref> O nwetakwara ihe onwunwe na [[Hong Kong]], gụnyere azụmahịa na-egbutu diamond na ihe onwunwa na Tai Po, New Territories. Akụkọ IOL kwuru na e bu n'uche inweta ihe onwunwe a dị ka ezumike ngwụsị izu maka nwa ha nwanyị, Bona, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Hong Kong n'okpuru aha efu, nakwa na ya na di ya na-atụ anya ịgbaga China ma ọ bụrụ na a chụpụ ha n'ọchịchị na Zimbabwe.<ref name="Daughter University">{{Cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20090215100654251C193082|title=Mugabe's daughter 'studying in Hong Kong'|work=IOL News|author=Sapa-dpa|accessdate=15 February 2009|date=15 February 2009}}</ref> Ndị omeiwu nke òtù na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya gbara gọọmentị Hong Kong ume ka ha mụọ ma ha ga-agbaso omume mba ụwa iji gbochie ụfọdụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba ọzọ dịka ọtụtụ ndị nwere ike ịchọ ịzụta ihe onwunwe, itinye ego, ma ọ bụ agụmakwụkwọ na Hong Kong.<ref name="SCMP-3">{{Cite news|work=South China Morning Post|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/670255/why-cant-mugabe-buy-flat-hk-asks-beijing|title=Why can't Mugabe buy a flat in HK, asks Beijing|date=17 February 2009|accessdate=20 February 2009|author=Wong|first=Albert}}</ref> Lee Wing-tat kwuru na Beijing kwesịrị ime mkpebi ebe ọ bụ na nke a bụ ihe gbasara mba ọzọ.<ref name="SCMP-3" /> Ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Jiang Yu site na Ministry of Foreign Affairs nke People's Republic of China kwuru na ọ maghị banyere ụlọ ndị Mugabes na-azọrọ na ha zụrụ na Hong Kong ma ọ gaghị ekwu okwu ọzọ.<ref name="News.iafrica.com">{{Cite news|publisher=iafrica.com|url=http://news.iafrica.com/worldnews/1300782.htm|title=Miss Mugabe in HK?|accessdate=20 February 2009|date=17 February 2009}}</ref> Otu prọfesọ na Mahadum Hong Kong kwuru na Beijing na-anwa ịpụ na esemokwu ahụ.<ref name="SCMP-3" /> Gọọmentị etiti Beijing jụrụ nchegbu ahụ, na-agbakwụnye na a hapụrụ ndị Falun Gong ịzụta ihe onwunwe na Hong Kong.<ref name="SCMP-3" /> A kọrọ na 2015 na Zimbabwe tinyere aka na esemokwu iwu banyere onye nwe ihe onwunwe na Tai Po nke Bona Mugabe nọrọ na ya mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Hong Kong. E nwetara ihe onwunwe ahụ na June 2008 site na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye ọchụnta ego South Africa a mụrụ na Taiwan bụ Hsieh Ping-sung na-achịkwa maka HK $ 40 nde ($ 5.14 nde) wee nyefee ya n'aha nke ya na 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Grace Mugabe, the businessman and the Hong Kong villa|work=The Telegraph|date=24 May 2015|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/zimbabwe/11627848/Grace-Mugabe-the-businessman-and-the-Hong-Kong-villa.html}}</ref> Ndị Mugabe na-ekwu na obodo ahụ bụ nke gọọmentị Zimbabwe, ebe Hsieh, onye bụbu onye nzuzo Mugabe, na-ekwu n'enweghị obi abụọ na ụlọ ahụ bụ nke ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1808850/hong-kong-legal-fight-heating-over-mugabe-luxury-villa-new|title=Hong Kong legal fight heating up over Mugabe luxury villa in New Territories|work=South China Morning Post|date=26 May 2015}}</ref> === Ebubo azụmahịa diamond na ikpe === N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2010, ozi ndị nnọchi anya mba Amerịka nke WikiLeaks wepụtara wetara ebubo ndị ọzọ na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Zimbabwe dị elu na ndị nwere njikọ dị mma, gụnyere nwunye Mugabe Grace, na-enweta ọtụtụ nde dollar na ego onwe onye site n'ịkwụ ụgwọ ìgwè ndị na-egwu ala iji jiri aka wepụta diamond site na ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ebe Chi Cha Cha Cha n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Zimbabwe.<ref name="Tran201006">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/14/zimbabwe-diamond-trade-abuse|title=Zimbabwe rulers running diamond trade with 'corruption and violence'|work=The Guardian|author=Tran|first=Mark|date=14 June 2010|accessdate=15 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="SguazzinLatham">{{Cite news|author=Sguazzin|first=Antony|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-10/zimbabwe-s-political-elite-profited-from-illicit-diamonds-wikileaks-says.html|title=Zimbabwe's Political Elite Profited From Gems, WikiLeaks Says|date=10 December 2010|accessdate=15 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="WLCableViewer">{{Cite journal|title=Regime Elites Looting Deadly Diamond Field|url=http://213.251.145.96/cable/2008/11/08HARARE1016.html|id={{WikiLeaks cable|08HARARE1016}}|date=12 November 2008|first=James D.|author=McGee|accessdate=9 December 2010|archive-date=10 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210191503/http://213.251.145.96/cable/2008/11/08HARARE1016.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Grace Mugabe na-agba akwụkwọ ugbu a na akwụkwọ akụkọ Zimbabwe maka akụkọ ya banyere nkwupụta nke WikiLeaks wepụtara na o nwetara "nnukwu uru" site na ebe a na-egwupụta diamond na mba ahụ. Nwunye onye isi ala na-achọ $ 15m (£ 9.6m) site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Standard.<ref name="BBC-4">{{Cite news|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12007142|title=Wikileaks: Grace Mugabe sues over diamond claims|date=16 December 2010|accessdate=12 January 2011}}</ref> === Ịzụ ahịa === A maara Grace Mugabe maka ndụ ya dị oké ọnụ ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ọdịda anyanwụ akpọwokwa ya "Gucci Grace".<ref name="scmp2120181">{{Cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2120181/hong-kongs-controversial-connection-zimbabwes-first-couple|title=The Mugabes and their controversial Hong Kong connection|work=South China Morning Post|date=16 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Reuters20171117"/> The ''Daily Telegraph'' kpọrọ ya "onye a ma ama n'ụlọ maka mmebi iwu ya" na mkpuchi nke njem 2003 na Paris, n'oge a kọrọ na ọ na-emefu £ 75,000 (ihe dị ka US $ 120,000) n'oge dị mkpirikpi ịzụ ahịa; na n'ime afọ ndị na-eduga na 2004 wepụrụ ihe karịrị £ 5 nde na Central Bank of Zimbabwe.<ref name="truffle">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/zimbabwe/1422643/Truffle-dinners-for-190-at-the-Mugabes-glittering-hideaway.html|title=Truffle dinners for £190 at the Mugabes' glittering hideaway|work=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|date=2 February 2003|author=Delves Broughton|first=Philip}}</ref><ref name="Malaysia"/> Mgbe a gụnyere Grace Mugabe na mmachibido iwu nke afọ 2002, otu onye omeiwu EU kwuru na mmachibidoro ahụ ga-akwụsị Grace Mugabe ịga njem ịzụ ahịa ya n'ihu oke ịda ogbenye na-emebi ndị Zimbabwe.<ref name="sanctions">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2143442.stm|title=Mugabe's wife on EU sanctions list|work=BBC News|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=22 July 2002}}</ref> Ọ na-eche ntaramahụhụ yiri nke ahụ ihu na United States.<ref name="Bush"/> === Agụmakwụkwọ === Arụmụka malitere mgbe e nyere Grace Mugabe nzere doctoral na sociology na Septemba 2014 site na Mahadum nke Zimbabwe ọnwa abụọ mgbe ọ banyere na mmemme ahụ. Di ya na onye isi mahadum Robert Mugabe nyere ya nzere ahụ. E bipụtaghị akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya na ndị ọzọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum ma ọ na-eche oku ihu iji weghachite PhD ya.<ref name="BBCReturnPhD">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-29451239|title=Call for Zimbabwe's Grace Mugabe to return PhD|date=1 October 2014|accessdate=19 December 2014}}</ref> Inye nzere ahụ kpatara mmeghachi omume n'etiti ndị agụmakwụkwọ Zimbabwe, ụfọdụ na-ekwu na nke a nwere ike imerụ aha mahadum ahụ.<ref name="BBC-2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-29451239|title=Call for Zimbabwe's Grace Mugabe to return PhD|work=BBC News|accessdate=19 December 2014|date=1 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="AllAfrica140919">{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201409191481.html|title=Zimbabwe: Grace Mugabe's PhD Scandal Torches Storm|date=19 September 2014|accessdate=19 December 2014|author=Mambo|first=Elias|work=Zimbabwe Independent}}</ref><ref name="StdTimes140916">{{Cite news|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/article/2000135151/zimbabwe-s-first-lady-grace-mugabe-awarded-phd-two-months-after-enrollment|title=Zimbabwe's First Lady Grace Mugabe, awarded PhD, two months after enrollment|date=16 September 2014|accessdate=19 December 2014|author=Jesaro|first=May|work=Standard Digital}}</ref><ref name="IBTimes140915">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/zimbabwe-grace-mugabe-awarded-phd-two-months-university-where-president-mugabe-chancellor-1465523|title=Zimbabwe: Grace Mugabe Awarded PhD in Two Months from University where President Mugabe is Chancellor|first=Ludovica|author=Iaccino|date=15 September 2014|accessdate=19 December 2014|work=International Business Times}}</ref><ref name="Newsday140913">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/09/13/now-dr-grace-dr-mujuru/|title=It's now Dr Grace and Dr Mujuru!|work=NewsDay|first=Feluna|author=Nleya|date=13 September 2014|accessdate=19 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="ZimIndie141024">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theindependent.co.zw/2014/10/24/grace-phd-fraud-interview-sheds-light/|title=Grace PhD fraud: Interview sheds light|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=19 December 2014|first=Owen|author=Gagare|work=The Zimbabwe Independent|archive-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922231749/https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2014/10/24/grace-phd-fraud-interview-sheds-light/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 22 Jenụwarị 2018, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Mahadum bipụtara thesis PhD nke Grace Mugabe (na-enweghị peeji mbinye aka nke kọmitii doctoral).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Changing Social Structures and Functions of the Family: The Case of Children's Homes in Zimbabwe|url=http://ir.uz.ac.zw/bitstream/handle/10646/3463/Marufu_The_changing_social_structure_and_functions_of_the_family.pdf?sequence=16&isAllowed=y|work=www.ir.uz.ac.zw|publisher=Department of Sociology - University of Zimbabwe|accessdate=2022-10-18|archivedate=2018-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004542/http://ir.uz.ac.zw/bitstream/handle/10646/3463/Marufu_The_changing_social_structure_and_functions_of_the_family.pdf?sequence=16&isAllowed=y}}</ref> Levi Nyagura, osote chancellor nke Mahadum nke Zimbabwe, ka ụlọ ọrụ Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission jidere n'afọ 2018 ka a boo ya ebubo iji ọrụ na-ezighị ezi mgbe nyocha banyere PhD gasịrị.<ref name="eNCA">{{Cite web|title=Arrest made over Grace Mugabe's 'fake' PhD|url=https://www.enca.com/africa/arrest-made-over-grace-mugabes-fake-phd|work=eNCA|language=en|accessdate=2022-10-18|archivedate=2022-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018214155/https://www.enca.com/africa/arrest-made-over-grace-mugabes-fake-phd}}</ref> === Mwakpo dị iche iche === Aha Mugabe maka ime ihe ike na iwe ọkụ mere ka a kpọọ ya "Dis-Grace" n'ụlọ.<ref name="Reuters20171117"/> Enwekwara ihe omume na mba ofesi: The Times kọrọ na 18 Jenụwarị 2009 na, mgbe ọ na-aga ịzụ ahịa na Hong Kong ebe nwa ya nwanyị Bona Mugabe bụ nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, Mugabe nyere onye na-eche ya nche iwu ka ọ wakpo onye na-ese foto Sunday Times Richard Jones n'èzí họtel ya.<ref name="SCMP-1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/668113/mugabes-daughter-studying-hku-under-alias|title=Mugabe's daughter studying at HKU under alias|author=Parry|first=Simon|date=25 January 2009|work=South China Morning Post|accessdate=27 January 2009}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyeere mwakpo ahụ, na-akụ Jones ugboro ugboro n'ihu mgbe ọ na-eyi mgbaaka diamond, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye a na-ebibi ma na-emebi.<ref name="assault">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article5537251.ece|title=Mrs Mugabe assaults our photographer outside her luxury Hong Kong hotel|author=Swain|first=Jon|date=18 January 2009|work=Times Online|accessdate=19 January 2009|archive-date=21 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121000709/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article5537251.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BrookSun434">{{Cite news|url=http://www.zimbabwesituation.com/mar4_2004.html#link1|title=Gucci Grace blows £75k|author=Brook|first=Sally|date=4 March 2004|work=The Sun|publisher=Zimbabwe Situation News}}</ref> E mechara nye ya nnwere onwe pụọ n'ikpe 'n'okpuru iwu ndị nnọchi anya China' n'ihi ọnọdụ ya dị ka nwunye Mugabe.<ref name="BBC-5">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7957607.stm|title=No attack charges for Mugabe wife|date=22 March 2009|work=BBC News|accessdate=22 March 2009}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, mgbe ọ na-eleta South Africa iji gwọọ mmerụ ahụ n'ikiri ụkwụ, a na-ekwu na Grace wakporo onye nlereanya dị afọ 20, Gabriella Engels, na ndị enyi abụọ, ndị ya na ụmụ ya nwoke abụọ, Robert Jr. na Chatunga, nọ na họtel dị na Sandton, Johannesburg.<ref name="bbc40934890">{{Cite news|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40934890|title=Zimbabwe's Grace Mugabe due in South Africa court over assault|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017}}</ref> A na-ebo ebubo na Grace kụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ ya nwoke, na eriri mgbatị, na-akpata mmerụ ahụ dị iche iche gụnyere oghere miri emi n'egedege ihu Engels.<ref name="news2420170819">{{Cite news|work=News 24|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/grace-fury-20170819|title=Model involved in nightclub 'brawl' before Grace Mugabe alleged assault|accessdate=20 August 2017|date=20 August 2017}}</ref> Nke a bụ mgbe ha boro ụmụ nwanyị ebubo na ha na ụmụ ya bi. Mgbe Engels boro ebubo maka " mwakpo na ebumnuche ịkpata mmerụ ahụ siri ike", Grace ga-apụta n'ụlọ ikpe Johannesburg na 15 Ọgọst 2017, mana o meghị ya; e mechara nye ya nnwere onwe.<ref name="sandtonchronicle185688">{{Cite news|work=Sandton Chronicle|url=http://sandtonchronicle.co.za/185688/first-lady-zimbabwe-allegedly-beats-joburg-woman-gets-evicted/|title=#DisGraceful: Grace Mugabe is a no-show at court|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="bbc40990934">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40990934|title=Grace Mugabe: South Africa grants immunity despite assault claim|date=20 August 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref> Mgbe Emmerson Mnangagwa chụpụrụ onye isi ala Robert Mugabe, Gabriella Engels biputere tweet na-aṅụ iyi ịbọ ọbọ na Grace Mugabe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myhararetimes.com/grace-mugabe-victim-threatens-revenge/|title=Grace #Mugabe victim threatens revenge - My Harare Times News|date=21 November 2017|accessdate=18 October 2022|archivedate=29 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829070613/http://myhararetimes.com/grace-mugabe-victim-threatens-revenge}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2018, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke South Africa wepụrụ Grace ikike ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma kwe ka ikpe metụtara mwakpo ya megide Engels gaa n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Grobler|first=Riaan|title=It would be 'unwise' for Grace Mugabe to visit SA again, say legal experts|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/it-would-be-unwise-for-grace-mugabe-to-visit-sa-again-say-legal-experts-20180730|work=News24|language=en|date=30 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=JUST IN: SA court overturns immunity for Grace Mugabe in assault case|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/just-in-sa-court-overturns-immunity-for-grace-mugabe-in-assault-case/|work=The Herald}}</ref> === Ịzụ ahịa ọdụ́ === Onye na-ekwuchitere ndị uwe ojii kwuru na 26 Machị 2018 na ha na-enyocha ikpe nke ebubo mbubata ọdụ́ metụtara Grace. Onye na-ekwuchitere ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ogige ntụrụndụ na anụ ọhịa nke Zimbabwe kwuru na Mugabe na ndị isi ọrụ ya manyere ndị ọrụ ogige ntorobịa ịbịanye aka na ikike mbupụ maka ihe ndị dị n'akụkụ ọdụ́ n'oge di ya bụ onye isi ala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/grace-mugabe-linked-to-alleged-ivory-smuggling-in-zimbabwe/2018/03/26/f866fca6-30d3-11e8-b6bd-0084a1666987_story.html|title=Grace Mugabe linked to alleged ivory smuggling in Zimbabwe|author=Mutsaka|first=Farai|date=26 March 2018|work=The Washington Post|archive-date=7 April 2018|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182656/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/grace-mugabe-linked-to-alleged-ivory-smuggling-in-zimbabwe/2018/03/26/f866fca6-30d3-11e8-b6bd-0084a1666987_story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọdọ Mmiri Mazowe === N'afọ 2017, Grace's Mazowe Citrus Estate weghaara pasent 60 nke Mazowe Dam. Na 24 Ọgọst 2018. Onye isi ala Zimbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa nyere iwu ka ezinụlọ Mugabe hapụ Dam ahụ ma weghachite òkè ha na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Mmiri, na Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Charles|first=Mabhena|title=ED signs statutory provision to kick Mugabe family out of Mazowe Dam|url=https://zwnews.com/ed-signs-statutory-provision-to-kick-mugabe-family-out-of-mazowe-dam/|work=ZIM NEWS {{!}} Latest Zim News {{!}} Breaking Zimbabwe Update News Today|date=25 August 2018}}</ref> == Ebensidee == <references group="" responsive="0"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * Media related to Grace Mugabe at Wikimedia Commons {{First Ladies of Zimbabwe}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sbzsfvxy5geolcym1n68tfxnneaern9 0 24403 727713 725571 2026-09-24T19:55:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Foluke Atinuke Gunderson''' (née '''Akinradewo'''; amụrụ n'Oktober 5, n'afọ 1987) bụ onye na-egwu volleyball n'ime ụlọ nke na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-egbochi etiti maka klọb Japan Hisamitsu Springs. A mụrụ ya na Canada, ọ na-anọchite anya United States na mba ụwa. Gunderson meriri ọla edo na ndị otu mba afọ 2010 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2014 World Championship, Rimini Volleyball Nations League, afọ 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics, ọlaọcha afọ 2012 London Summer Olympics, na ọla nchara na afọ 2016 Rio Olympic Games.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldGrandPrix/2010/viewPressRelease.asp?No=25759&Language=en|title=USA claim third FIVB World Grand Prix title with perfect record|author=FIVB|accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Volleyball AKINRADEWO Foluke - Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/volleyball/athlete-profile-n1298721-akinradewo-foluke.htm|accessdate=2021-07-26|work=Olympics.com|language=en-us|archivedate=July 26, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726182122/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/volleyball/athlete-profile-n1298721-akinradewo-foluke.htm}}</ref> Mmeri ya n'egwuregwu Olimpik nke afọ 2020 nyere ya ohere mezue ihe nrite ọla nchara, ọlaọcha, na ọla edo nke Olimpik. == Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Gunderson na London, Ontario, na Ayoola na Comfort Akinradewo. Ụmụnne ya bụ Folu na Foluso Akinradewo. Ọ nwere ụmụ amaala atọ na [[Kánada|Canada]], Nigeria na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], ma na-ege ntị maka mgbasa ozi mgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://volleyball.teamusa.org/news/article/1548|title=Getting to know Foluke Akinradewo|work=volleyball.teamusa.org|accessdate=2023-02-06|archivedate=2008-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080816032953/http://volleyball.teamusa.org/news/article/1548}}</ref> Gunderson gara St. Thomas Aquinas High School na Fort Lauderdale, Florida, ebe ọ bụ onye mmeri akwụkwọ ozi afọ atọ na volleyball ma nọrọkwa na basketball na track & field teams. Ọ bụ onye nhọpụta All-American n'afọ 2003 na afọ 2004 na nhọpụta steeti niile n'afọ 2002, 2003 na afọ 2004. A kpọrọ ya onye egwuregwu Volleyball nke afọ na Florida Dairy Farmers n'afọ 2005. Na mgbakwunye na volleyball, ọ bụ onye a họọrọ na steeti niile na basketball ma bụrụ onye mmeri Florida State ugboro anọ na track. O mere US mba mbụ ya tupu mmalite nke afọ ọhụrụ ya na Stanford.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Foluke-Akinradewo|title=Foluke Akinradewo|work=Team USA|accessdate=2017-05-03|archive-date=2014-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810101446/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/foluke-akinradewo|url-status=dead}}</ref> O nyere mba US aka imeri afọ 2004 NORCECA Continental Women's Junior Championship, wee bụrụ onye na-amalite n'etiti na U.S. Women's junior National Team na 2005 FIVB World Championships.<ref name=":0" /> == Stanford == Gunderson gụrụ akwụkwọ na Biology nke mmadụ na Mahadum Stanford.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gostanford.com/sports/w-volley/mtt/akinradewo_foluke00.html|title=Foluke Akinradewo|author=CBS Interactive|accessdate=2010-08-29|archivedate=2011-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711114109/http://www.gostanford.com/sports/w-volley/mtt/akinradewo_foluke00.html}}</ref> Dị ka onye ọhụrụ n'afọ 2005, a kpọrọ ya Pac-10 Freshman of the Year na American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) Pacific Region Freshman nke Afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alumni.aquinas-sta.org/s/1011/images/editor_documents/Reflections_2007_Winter.pdf|title=Raider Reflections|author=St. Thomas Aquinas|accessdate=2010-08-29|archivedate=2011-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811094037/http://alumni.aquinas-sta.org/s/1011/images/editor_documents/Reflections_2007_Winter.pdf}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya AVCA Second Team All-American ma duzie ndị otu ahụ na pasentị ịkụ (.397), akara nke atọ na Pac-10, nke 13 na mba ahụ na nke atọ maka otu oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'afọ 2006, a kpọrọ aha ya na NCAA Final Four All-Tournament Team ka ọ na-eduga Stanford na NCAA Division I nke abụọ na Nebraska. N'afọ ahụ, AVCA na Volleyball Magazine kpọrọ ya First Team All-American.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cstv.com/sports/w-volley/stories/121406aab.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524211307/http://www.cstv.com/sports/w-volley/stories/121406aab.html|archivedate=May 24, 2011|title=Stanford places four on All-American squad|work=cstv.com}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, a kpọrọ Gunderson AVCA National Player of the Year ma bụrụ onye mmeri Honda Sports Award maka volleyball.<ref> {{Cite web|url=http://www.avca.org/articles/index.cfm?action=view&articleID=469&sectionID=24|title=2007 AVCA All-America Teams|author=American Volleyball Coaches Association|accessdate=2010-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716232001/http://www.avca.org/articles/index.cfm?action=view&articleID=469&sectionID=24|archivedate=2011-07-16}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.avca.org/collegiate/DIawards/07DIPOY.asp|title=2007 Division I National Player of the Year is Foluke Akinradewo|accessdate=2008-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922182207/http://www.avca.org/collegiate/DIawards/07DIPOY.asp|archivedate=2008-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pac-12.com/article/2008/01/17/stanfords-foluke-akinradewo-wins-honda-sports-award-volleyball|title=Stanford's Foluke Akinradewo Wins Honda Sports Award For Volleyball|date=January 17, 2008|work=Pac-12|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-27|archivedate=2020-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327130424/https://pac-12.com/article/2008/01/17/stanfords-foluke-akinradewo-wins-honda-sports-award-volleyball}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/volleyball|title=Volleyball|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref> Ọ mebiri Pac-10 na Stanford otu oge na-akụ pasentị ndekọ site na ihe karịrị akara 50, ebe ọ na-enweta pasentị.499, akara nke mbụ na mba ahụ na nke abụọ kemgbe ewepụtara rally-scoring na 2001. A kpọrọ ya aha na Final Four All-Tournament Team ka ọ na-eduga Stanford na nke abụọ n'usoro Division I nke mba na-esote na Penn State. Dị ka onye okenye na afọ 2008, Gunderson kwughachiri dị ka Pac-10 Player of the Year ma nweta nhọpụta Honda Award nke atọ n'usoro. Ọ kwughachiri dị ka onye otu mbụ All-American ma duru Stanford gaa egwuregwu nke atọ n'usoro NCAA. Ọ gwụchara ọrụ kọleji ya na arụmọrụ kachasị mma (.446) nke onye ọ bụla NCAA Division I.<ref name=":0"/> == Egwuregwu volleyball == Gunderson sonyeere Toyota Auto Body Queenseis n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.toyota-body.co.jp/queenseis/foluke.html|title=クインシーズ｜TOYOTA AUTO BODY|date=2012-07-21|accessdate=2017-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721112730/http://www.toyota-body.co.jp/queenseis/foluke.html|archivedate=2012-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vleague.or.jp/team_player_detail/id=35399|title=選手詳細 {{!}} バレーボール Vリーグ オフィシャルサイト|work=バレーボール Vリーグ オフィシャルサイト|language=ja-JP|accessdate=2017-05-03|archivedate=August 31, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831144546/http://www.vleague.or.jp/team_player_detail/id=35399}}</ref> Na afọ 2010 1910 V.Premier League, a kpọrọ Gunderson onye mmeri nke onyinye Spike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vleague.or.jp/topics_detail14/id=6292|title=【お知らせ】2010/11Ｖ・プレミアリーグ個人表彰選手 {{!}} バレーボール Vリーグ オフィシャルサイト|work=バレーボール Vリーグ オフィシャルサイト|language=ja-JP|accessdate=2017-05-03}}</ref> Gunderson meriri nrite ọlaọcha na 2012 FIVB Club World Championship, na-egwuri egwu na klọb Azerbaijan Rabita Baku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fivb.org/viewPressRelease.asp?No=37130&Language=en|title=Trentino Diatec and Sollys Nestle crowned in Doha|date=2012-10-19|publisher=FIVB|accessdate=2012-10-19}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, klọb Gunderson, Rabita Baku, meriri Azerbaijan Super League Championship na-emeri nke isii ha n'usoro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avf.az/ru/news/130/|date=2013-04-17|publisher=Azerbaijan Volleyball Federation|language=ru|accessdate=2013-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429124921/http://avf.az/ru/news/130/|archivedate=2013-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijan-news.az/index.php?mod=3&id=22657|title="Rabitə" ölkə çempionudur!|date=2013-04-19|publisher=Azərbaycan QƏZETİ|language=az|accessdate=2013-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijan-news.az/index.php?mod=3&id=23057|title="Rabitə" ölkə çempionudur|date=2013-04-28|publisher=Azərbaycan QƏZETİ|language=az|accessdate=2013-04-28}}</ref> O meriri ihe nrite Best Spiker nke league.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rekord.az/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28884:super-liqann-qnqlri-blli-oldu&catid=26:voleybol&Itemid=11|title=Super Liqanın "ən"ləri bəlli oldu|date=2013-04-28|publisher=Record.az|language=az|accessdate=2013-04-29}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == === 2012 === Gunderson sonyere Team USA n'afọ 2012 Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/akinradewo-foluke-1133141/|title=Foluke Akinradewo - Volleyball - Olympic Athlete {{!}} London 2012|date=2013-04-24|accessdate=2017-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424064304/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/akinradewo-foluke-1133141/|archivedate=2013-04-24}}</ref> O nwetara ihe nrite ọlaọcha maka mbọ ọ na-agba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/volleyball/shocked-americans-leave-london-with-silver.html|title=Shocked Americans leave London with silver - Volleyball News {{!}} NBC Olympics|date=2012-10-26|accessdate=2017-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026180531/http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/volleyball/shocked-americans-leave-london-with-silver.html|archivedate=2012-10-26}}</ref> === 2014 === Gunderson so n'òtù mba USA nke meriri nrite ọla edo nke afọ 2014 World Championship mgbe ndị otu ahụ meriri China 3 South1 na egwuregwu ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Volley/12-10-2014/volley-mondiale-usa-batte-cina-3-1-90723575433.shtml|title=Volley, Mondiale: Usa batte Cina 3-1|work=La Gazzetta dello sport|author=Benedetti|first=Valeria|language=it|date=2014-10-12|accessdate=2014-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fivb.org/viewPressRelease.asp?No=50092&Language=en|title=USA win first World Championship title, China and Brazil complete the podium|publisher=FIVB|date=2014-05-11|accessdate=2014-05-11}}</ref> Ọ bụ ọla edo mbụ nke USA na nke ọ bụla n'ime asọmpi volleyball atọ.<ref name=":0"/> === 2016 === Gunderson so n'òtù US na-enweta ọla nchara n'afọ 2016 Olympics.<ref name=":0"/> Ọ malitere egwuregwu asatọ niile. A kpọrọ aha ya na 2016 Olympic Games Dream Team na onye na-egbochi etiti.<ref name=":0" /> === 2021 === Na Mee n'afo 2021, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị egwuregwu iri na asatọ maka asọmpi FIVB Volleyball Nations League. nke a ga-egwu na Mee 25-June 24 na Rimini, Ịtali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volleyballmag.com/usa-women-vnl-roster-051321/|title=Kiraly announces 18 USA Volleyball women on FIVB VNL Roster &#124;|date=May 13, 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị asọmpi mba ụwa dị mkpa tupu Tokyo Olympics na July. Na Juun 7, nke afọ 2021, onye isi nchịkwa US National Team Karch Kiraly kwupụtara na ọ ga-abụ akụkụ nke ndị egwuregwu Olympic iri na abụọ maka afọ 2020 Summer Olympics na Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://usavolleyball.org/story/usav-announces-u-s-olympic-womens-volleyball-team/|title=USAV Announces U.S. Olympic Women's Volleyball Team|publisher=USA Volleyball|language=English|date=June 7, 2021|accessdate=June 7, 2021}}</ref> === Onye ọ bụla === * ''2010 FIVB World Grand Prix "Onye egwuregwu kacha baa uru"'' * ''2010 FIVB World Grand Prix "Best Blocker"'' * ''2010 na 2011 Japanese V.League "Spike Award"'' * ''2012-13 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Spiker"'' * ''Egwuregwu Olimpik nke 2016 "Best Middle Blocker"'' * ''2016 FIVB Club World Championship "Best Middle Blocker"'' * ''2017-2018 Japanese V.League Division 1 "Spike Award"'' * ''2018-2019 Japanese V.League "Best Middle Blocker"'' * ''2018-2019 Japanese V.League "Most Valuable Player"'' === Kọleji === * Ugboro anọ AVCA All-American (2005, otu nke abụọ; 2006/2008, otu nke mbụ) * Ugboro atọ Volleyball ''Magazine'' mbụ otu All-American (2006 1910) * Ndị otu All-Pac-10 ugboro anọ (2005[[08) * Ugboro abụọ NCAA Final Four All-Tournament Team (2006, 2007) * 2008 Volleyball ''Magazine'' Onye na-eme egwuregwu nke afọ * 2008 Onye a họpụtara maka onyinye Honda * 2008 Pac-10 Player nke Afọ * 2007 AVCA National Player of the Year * 2007 Pac-10 Player nke Afọ * 2007 Onye mmeri Honda Award maka volleyball * 2007 NCAA Stanford Regional MVP * 2007 Pac-10 Player of the Week (Ọktoba 1) * 2006 Onye a họpụtara maka onyinye Honda * 2005 Anyanwụ nke Afọ nke Afọ * 2005 Pac-10 Onye mbido Afọ === Ndị otu mba === * '''2010''' Pan-American Volleyball Cup[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2010''' FIVB World Grand Prix[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2011''' Pan-American Volleyball Cup[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2011''' NORCECA Volleyball Continental Championship nke ụmụ nwanyị[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2011''' FIVB World Grand Prix[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2011''' FIVB Women's World Cup[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2012''' FIVB World Grand Prix[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2012''' Summer Olympics[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2013''' FIVB World Grand Champions Cup[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2013''' NORCECA Volleyball Continental Championship nke ụmụ nwanyị[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2014''' FIVB World Championship[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2015''' FIVB World Grand Prix[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2015''' FIVB Women's World Cup[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2015''' NORCECA Volleyball Continental Championship nke ụmụ nwanyị[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2016''' NORCECA Olympic Qualification Tournament nke ụmụ nwanyị[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2016''' FIVB World Grand Prix[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2016''' Summer Olympics[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2017''' FIVB World Grand Champions Cup[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2018''' FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2019''' FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2019''' FIVB Women's Volleyball Intercontinental Olympic Qualifications Tournament (IOQT) - Qualified[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2019''' FIVB Women's World Cup[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2019''' NORCECA Volleyball Continental Championship nke ụmụ nwanyị[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2021''' FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] * '''2020''' Summer Olympics[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_with_cup.svg|16x16px]] == Klọb == * [[Toyota Auto Body Queenseis]] (2010-2011) * [[Dinamo Krasnodar]] (2011–2012) * [[Rabita Baku]] (2012–2015) * [[Ụgbọelu Zürich|Voléro Zürich]] (2015–2017) * [[Isi Mmiri Hisamitsu|Hisamitsu Springs]] (2017–2019) * [[Isi Mmiri Hisamitsu|Hisamitsu Springs]] (2020–2021) == Ebenside == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * Akinradewo Player Bio na gostanford.com E debere ya na Jenụwarị 6, 2007, na Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725071917/http://www.usavolleyball.org/National/profiles/women/FolukeAkinradewoProfile.asp Akinradewo na usavolleyball.org] == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldGrandPrix/2010/Players.asp?Tourn=WGP2010&Team=USA&No=115495 Foluke Akinradewo] na International Volleyball Federation * Foluke Gunderson at the European Volleyball Confederation * Foluke Gunderson at TeamUSA.org * Foluke Gunderson at Olympics.com * Foluke Gunderson at Olympedia {{s-start}} {{s-ach|aw}} {{succession box|before={{flagicon|BRA}} [[Sheilla Castro]]|after={{flagicon|USA}} [[Destinee Hooker]]|title=Most Valuable Player of <br>[[FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix|FIVB World Grand Prix]]|years=[[2010 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix|2010]]}} {{succession box|before={{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fabiana Claudino]]|after={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Iuliia Morozova]]|title=Best Blocker of <br>[[FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix|FIVB World Grand Prix]]|years=[[2010 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix|2010]]}} {{succession box|before=First Award|after={{flagicon|USA}} [[Haleigh Washington]] and <br>{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carol Gattaz]]|title=Best Middle Blocker of <br>[[Volleyball at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]|years=[[Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2016]] <small>(with {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Milena Rašić]])</small>}} {{succession box|before={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Maja Poljak]] and <br>{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ana Carolina da Silva]]|after={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Maja Poljak]] and <br>{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kubra Akman]]|title=Best Middle Blocker of <br>[[FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship|FIVB Club World Championship]]|years=[[2016 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship|2016]] <small>(with {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Milena Rašić]])</small>}} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gunderson, Foluke}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ọmụmụ afọ 1987]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2918xs8c7bvvo8txsjstrid5mo1btt6 0 24710 727725 692305 2026-09-24T20:49:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Félicite Bada (amụrụ na 14 Machị 1962) bụ onye Benin na-agba ọsọ nke na-ahụ maka 100 mita nke ụmụ nwanyị na 200 mita nke ụmụ nwoke. O sonyere na Egwuregwu na 1987 Egwuregwu Afrika niile na august1987, ebe ọ gbara ọsọ kachasị mma nke 25.08 sekọnd na mita 200. Na Seoul, o sonyere na 1988 Olimpik oge okpomọkụ ebe ọ bụ onye na-eburu ọkọlọtọ maka Benin. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị onye nke asaa na ikpo ọkụ 1 nke 100 mita, ọ ka na-agba ọsọ oge kachasị mma nke 12.27 sekọnd. == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Bada na 14 Machị 1962. Ọrụ ya nọ n'ọkwa ya na ngwụcha afọ 1980. O setịpụrụ ihe kachasị mma nke onwe ya nke 25.08 sekọnd na mita 200 na 11 Ọgọstụ 1987 na Nairobi na Egwuregwu Afrika niile, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị onye nke asatọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/benin/felicite-bada-63714|title=Felicite Bada|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.les-sports.info/felicite-bada-athletisme-spf185123.html|title=Felicite Bada|publisher=Les-sports.info|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> Bada ruru eru maka 1988 Summer Olympics na Seoul, ọ bụkwa onye na-eburu ọkọlọtọ maka mba ya. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu asatọ ruru eru maka Olimpik n'afọ ahụ site na Benin, ndị ọzọ bụ onye judo [[Daniel Dohoua Dossou]], na ndị egwuregwu Issa Alassane-Ousséni na mita 100, José de Souza na 110m ihe mgbochi, na ndị na-agba ọsọ 4 x 100 Fortune Ogouchi, Patrice Mahoulikponto, Dossou Vignissy na Issa Alassani-Ousseni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/BEN/summer/1988/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417093147/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/BEN/summer/1988/|archivedate=17 April 2020|title=Benin at the 1988 Seoul Summer Games|publisher=[[Sports Reference]]|accessdate=25 October 2016}}</ref> Na ihe omume 100 mita nke ụmụ nwanyị, Bada mechara nke asaa ikpo ọkụ 1, na-erughị eru, mana ọ ka na-agba ọsọ oge kachasị mma nke 12.27 sekọnd.<ref name="SR" /> N'ihe omume mita 200 nke ụmụ nwanyị, ọ mechara nke isii na ikpo ọkụ 1 na oge nke 25:42 sekọnd, ọzọ na-enweghị ike ịga n'ihu.<ref name="SR" /> E depụtara Bada na 5 ft 4 sentimita n'ogologo (163 cm) na ịdị arọ ya n'oge ọrụ ya dị na 121 paụnd ma ọ bụ 55 kilogram.<ref name="SR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/felicite-bada-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212021955/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/felicite-bada-1.html|archivedate=12 December 2008|title=Félicite Bada Bio, Stats, and Results|work=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=8 August 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20081212021955/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/felicite-bada-1.html the original] on 12 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe odide == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bada, Félicite}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] agwc8dat2smatxy9lueuvyxcrgvqs3r 0 24873 727649 721077 2026-09-24T15:33:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727649 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ella Cheever Thayer''' (September 14, 1849 October 28, 1925) bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ. A mụrụ ya na mba Maine, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka telegraph ma bipụta ọtụtụ ọrụ n'oge ndụ ya. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke apothecary George Augusta Thayer (October 19, 1824 na December 13, 1863) na Rachel Ella Cheever Thayer (Ọktoba 18, 1823 - May 15, 1907). Otu nwanne ya nwanyị, Mary Georgie Thayer (Ọktoba 9, 1869 na Machị 30, 1912), bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ. Thayer mechara bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka telegraph na Brunswick Hotel na Boston, Massachusetts, onye<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/jobs/globe/balance/archives/121904.shtml|title=Balancing Acts|author=Jackson, Maggie|work=The Boston Globe|date=December 19, 2004|access-date=April 4, 2023|archive-date=April 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132609/https://www.boston.com/jobs/globe/balance/archives/121904.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> jiri ahụmịhe ya na telegraph dị ka ihe ndabere maka akwụkwọ ya Wired Love, A Romance of Dots and Dashes, nke ghọrọ akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa ruo afọ (10) iri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kempa.com/mp3/Paul%20Collins.doc|title=Love on a Wire|author=Collins, Paul|work=Uncollected Paul Collins|accessdate=October 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lccn.loc.gov/08027756|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712191433/http://lccn.loc.gov/08027756|archivedate=July 12, 2012|title=Book Reference|work=Library of Congress Book lists|accessdate=October 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mindspring.com/~tjepsen/PHMCPres_files/frame.htm|title=Women Telegraphers and the Railroad in Pennsylvania|accessdate=October 26, 2011|author=Jepsen, Thomas C.|publisher=[[Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514033908/http://www.mindspring.com/~tjepsen/PHMCPres_files/frame.htm|archivedate=May 14, 2008}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede egwuregwu, ebe o dere The Lords of Creation n'afọ 1883.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wjkennaugh.wordpress.com/2008/02/02/wired-love-a-romance-of-dots-and-dashes-ella-cheever-thayer/|title=Wired Love – A Romance of Dots and Dashes – Ella Cheever Thayer|author=wjkennaugh|work=No Link Left Unclicked (Blog)|publisher=wordpress.com|date=February 2, 2008}}</ref> A na-enyocha egwuregwu ya n'akwụkwọ On to Victory: Propaganda Plays of the Woman's Suffrage Movement nke Bettina Friedl, nke e bipụtara n'afọ 1990 ( ) ọ bụkwa otu n'ime egwuregwu ndị mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/suffragist-plays|title=Suffragist Plays|accessdate=October 26, 2011|publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> O dekwara ''Amber'', a Daughter of Bohemia, ihe nkịrị dị n'ime ihe ise, n'afọ 1883.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/library-of-congress-copyright-office/dramatic-compositions-copyrighted-in-the-united-states-1870-to-1916--volume--rbi/page-10-dramatic-compositions-copyrighted-in-the-united-states-1870-to-1916--volume--rbi.shtml|title=Dramatic compositions copyrighted in the United States, 1870 to 1916 .. (Volume 1)|author=Library of Congress, Copyright Office|publisher=Government Printing Office|year=1918|accessdate=2023-04-04|archivedate=2023-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405012459/https://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/library-of-congress-copyright-office/dramatic-compositions-copyrighted-in-the-united-states-1870-to-1916--volume--rbi/page-10-dramatic-compositions-copyrighted-in-the-united-states-1870-to-1916--volume--rbi.shtml}}</ref> O dekwara akụkọ mkpịrịkpị maka magazin gụnyere "The Forgotten Past" na ''Argosy'' (Jenụwarị 1897). == Ndụ na ọnwụ mgbe e mesịrị == O biri na Saugus, Massachusetts.<ref name="BayStateMonthly">{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=E.P.|title=Sketch of Saugus|journal=The Bay State Monthly|url=http://saugus.essexcountyma.net/sketchofsaugus.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2023-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135013/http://saugus.essexcountyma.net/sketchofsaugus.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thayer nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa imeju; e debere ntụ ya n'ọnwa Nọvemba 1, n'afọ 1925 na Bigelow Chapel, dị na Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|30em}} kdt55yvritiymkq3qjntkf53sexkhmq 0 25556 727809 195673 2026-09-25T03:43:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727809 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Recycling_of_waste_oil_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1202969.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Nchịkọta [[Mmanụ a na-emebi emebi|mmanụ]] mkpofu maka imegharị ihe na Fairgreen Amenity Site, Portadown]] Mmanụ ụgbọala na-emegharị ihe na-agụnye imegharị mmanụ ndị e ji mee ihe na ịmepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ site na mmanụ ndị a na-emeghachi omume, ma gụnye imegharị ihe mmanụ moto na mmanụ hydraulic. Iji mmanụ eme ihe na-abara gburugburu ebe obibi uru: ohere dị ukwuu maka ndị na-azụ ahịa iji mee mmanụ eme ihe ọzọ na-ebelata ohere nke mmanụ eji eme ihe na ala na n'ụzọ mmiri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu galọn mmanụ ụgbọala a tụbara n'ụzọ mmiri nwere ike imerụ otu nde galọn mmiri. == Mmanụ ụgbọala == [[Usòrò:Oil_Change_oil_pan_2005_gmc_suv.JPG|thumb|Mmanụ a na-ewepụ n'ụgbọala]] Enwere ike ịgba mmanụ moto a rụgharịrị arụgharị dị ka mmanụ, na-emekarị na boilers nke ụlọ ọrụ, igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na-ekwo ọkụ dị ka ọkụ ọkụ na ọkụ simenti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/sustainability/downloads/guidancenotes/wgn025_general_oils.pdf|title=Waste Guidance Note: WGN025|work=Loughborough University|date=May 1, 2014|accessdate=March 22, 2016|author=Hunt, Nicholas|archivedate=September 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918133648/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/sustainability/downloads/guidancenotes/wgn025_general_oils.pdf}}</ref> Mgbe a na-ere mmanụ ụgbọala a na-eji eme ihe dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, a ghaghị ịgba ya ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu iji zere mmetọ gas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/8601/IETC_Waste_Oils_Compendium.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|accessdate=November 27, 2018|title=Compendium of Recycling and Destruction Technologies for Waste Oils|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme|date=2012}}</ref> N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ịgbanye mmanụ ụgbọala na-efunahụ n'ime mmanụ dizel ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri n'usoro yiri nchacha mmanụ, mana na-enweghị usoro ọgwụgwọ ikpeazụ. Njirimara mmanụ moto na-anọgide na-adị, ọ bụrụgodị na mmanụ a na-eji eme ihe, a pụkwara imegharị ya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. === Mmanụ ụgbọala e ji eme ihe iji mee ka ọ dị ọcha === Mmanụ e ji mee ihe bụ usoro nke iweghachi mmanụ e ji mee ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọhụrụ site n'iwepụ kemịkal na-adịghị ọcha, ọla dị arọ na unyi. A na-eji mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na nke ụgbọala eme ihe eme ihe na re-refineries. A na-anwale mmanụ a na-eji eme ihe iji chọpụta na ọ dị mma maka ịmegharị ya, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-ekpochapụ ya ma na-edozi mmiri distillate tupu ahapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Mmiri mmiri na-ekpochapụ na-ewepụkwa mmanụ ọkụ fọdụrụnụ nke enwere ike iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ a na-esi mmanụ ọkụ, ma na-ewepụtakwa ethylene glycol maka ojiji ọzọ na antifreeze emegharịrị. Na-esote, a na-ekewapụta mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ site na mmanụ eji eme ihe mgbe ahụ, ikuku distillation na-ewepụ ihe a na-egbutu (ya bụ, akụkụ dabara adaba maka iji ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka mmanụ mmanụ mmanụ) na-ahapụ mmanụ dị arọ nke nwere ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ eji eme na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka asphalt extender. IMbelata lube na-esote ọgwụgwọ hydro, ma ọ bụ hydrogenation catalytic iji wepụ polymers fọdụrụnụ na ogige kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ, yana saturate agbụ carbon na hydrogen maka nkwụsi ike ka ukwuu. Nkewa mmanụ ikpeazụ, ma ọ bụ fractionating, na-ekewa mmanụ n'ime ọkwa mmanụ atọ dị iche iche: Light viscosity lubricants kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa mmanye n'ozuzu, obere viscosity lubricants maka ngwa ụgbọ ala na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na nnukwu viscosity lubricants maka ngwa ọrụ dị arọ. A na-akpọ mmanụ a na-emepụta na nzọụkwụ a dị ka mmanụ re-refined base oil (RRBL). Nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ bụ ịgwakọta ihe mgbakwunye n'ime ọkwa atọ a nke ngwaahịa mmanụ iji mepụta ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nwere ihe nhicha kwesịrị ekwesị na àgwà mgbochi. Mgbe ahụ, a na-anwale ngwaahịa ọ bụla ọzọ maka ogo na ịdị ọcha tupu a tọhapụ ya maka ire ya n'ihu ọha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/06/05467.pdf|title=Economics of Used Oil Recycling: Still Slippery|publisher=Resource Recycling|date=September 1992|accessdate=April 17, 2012|author=Wolfe, Paris R.|archivedate=September 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919032754/http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/06/05467.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/publications/UsedOil/61008008.pdf|title=Improving Used Oil Recycling in California|publisher=California Integrated Waste Management Board, State of California|date=May 2008|accessdate=April 17, 2012|author=Johnson, Mackenzie R.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930174117/http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/UsedOil/61008008.pdf|archivedate=September 30, 2011}}</ref> : Mmanụ dị n'ime injin ụgbọ ala... nwere ihe mgbakwunye dịgasị iche iche iji bulie arụmọrụ ụgbọ ala. Ndị a gụnyere polymers, viscosity modifiers, okpomọkụ stabilizers, mmanụ ndị ọzọ, na mgbakwunye na-emebi emebi. REOB nwere ihe mgbakwunye niile dị na mmanụ mkpofu yana ọla na-emebi emebi site na injin (karịsịa ígwè na ọla kọpa). Ihe mgbakwunye ndị a gụnyere zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, nke nwere zinc, sulfur, na phosphorus; [[calcium phenate]], nke nwekwara calcium; na molybdenum disulfide, nke nwere molybdenam na sulfur.<ref name="whats_in_your_asphalt_2017_09_fhwa">Arnold, Terence S. (senior research chemist, Pavement Materials Team, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development, [[Federal Highway Administration]]; Federal lab manager for the chemistry lab, [[Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center]]; fellow of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] in the [[United Kingdom]]), [https://web.archive.org/web/20210918093741/https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/17sept/03.cfm "What's in Your Asphalt?,"] September 2017 (last modified October 25, 2017), ''Public Roads,'' FHWA-HRT-17-006.htm," Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Office of Corporate Research, Technology, and Innovation Management, [[Federal Highway Administration]], [[U.S. Department of Transportation]]</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta asphalt maka ịkwa akwa nwere n'ụzọ doro anya ma ọ bụ na nzuzo na-etinye REOBs n'ime asphalt ha, na-akpata esemokwu na nchegbu n'etiti ndị injinia okporo ụzọ, na ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara na-atụ aro na ọ na-ebelata ogologo oge nke okporo ụzọ ahụ.<ref name="whats_in_your_asphalt_2017_09_fhwa"/> == Hụkwa Ihe Ọzọ ==   * Iji mmanụ akwụkwọ nri eme ihe ọzọ * Ijikọghachi ụgbọala == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} bdjvrk0aptd98g7mshfuiyurif1tf7u 0 25557 727632 698530 2026-09-24T14:00:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727632 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebe nchekwa data toxicological bụ nnukwu nchịkọta data sitere na ọmụmụ ihe nsi mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-achịkọta data site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ onye ọ bụla bụ nke ekpebiela mmetụta nsị n'ahụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na mmiri na terrestrial maka kemịkalụ dị iche iche. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, ndị na-ahụ Maka kemịkal, ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eji nchekwa data ndị a eme ihe iji nyochaa ma buru amụma na o yikarịrị ka kemịkal ma ọ bụ kemịkal na-adịghị eme ihe ga-akpata mmetụta ọjọọ (ya bụ nsị) na ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya. A chịkọtara ọtụtụ nchekwa data dị otú ahụ na-emetụta kpọmkwem toxicology mmiri. == Uru ọ bara == Ebe nchekwa data ndị a bụ ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ọhịa nke toxicology mmiri n'ihi na o yikarịrị ka kemịkal ga-akpata nsị dịgasị iche iche gafee ọtụtụ ihe na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a bụ n'ihi na o yikarịrị ka mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe dị ndụ dabere na njupụta nke ihe ahụ na anụ ahụ a na-achọ nke ihe ahụ, njirimara physicochemical nke kemịkal ahụ na oge nke ikpughe kemịkal.<ref name="Rand">{{Cite book|author=Rand|first=Gary M.|title=Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: effects, environmental fate and risk assessment|date=1995|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781560320906|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTHWicichfoC&dq=rand+toxicology+&pg=PR15|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref> Ngwa ndị nwere ike ibu amụma nsi nke kemịkalụ kpọmkwem nye ihe dị iche iche ma ọ bụ otu ihe dị ndụ dị mkpa nye ndị na-achịkwa na ndị nyocha na ngalaba nke toxicology. == Ebe nchekwa data dịnụ == Na toxicology mmiri, ọtụtụ ọdụ data dị na nke ọ bụla na-emetụta otu akụkụ nke toxicology mmiri dị ka PCBs. ihe fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nsị sediment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/pcbres.html|title=PCBRes (PCB Residue Effects) - Research - US EPA|work=archive.epa.gov}}</ref><ref name="SEDAG">{{Cite web|author=Bay|first=Steven|title=Spiked Sediment Database|url=http://data.sccwrp.org/sedag/|work=Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Sediment Advisory Group|accessdate=18 May 2016|archivedate=23 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623211811/http://data.sccwrp.org/sedag/}}</ref> Ihe ọmụma na nchịkwa nchekwa data ndị ọzọ na toxicology n'ozuzu ya bụ US EPA, USGS, United States Army Corps of Engineers na National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration na-elekọta. Na US, e nwere nnukwu nchekwa data atọ metụtara kpọmkwem toxicology ''mmiri'': Toxicity / Residue Database, Environmental Residue Effects Database na nchekwa data ECOTOX. === Ebe nchekwa data nke nsị === The Toxicity/Residue Database bụ nke US EPA na-elekọta ma bụrụ nchekwa data maka amụma nke nsị nke kemịkal na kemịkalụ na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Ọfịs EPA Duluth mepụtara nchekwa data a wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na 1999.<ref name="ToxRes">{{Cite web|author=Elonen|first=Colleen|title=Toxicity Residue Research|url=https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/tox_residue.html|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> A na-enweta data ahụ site na ihe karịrị 500 ndị ọgbọ nyochara ma bụrụ nchịkọta nke nchọpụta ha na ihe dịka 200 kemịkal na ụdị 190 ma mmiri mmiri na mmiri dị ọcha. A na-atụle data gbasara njedebe ma ọ bụ mmetụta nke mmeghachi omume nke ihe dị ndụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemịkal n'ime anụ ahụ nke ihe nyocha ahụ n'oge ahụ nke mmetụta dị ka ọnwụ, ịda mbà n'obi, ma ọ bụ mmụba iku ume na-eme. Enwere ike jụọ ihe karịrị mmetụta puku atọ site na obere mpempe ngwanrọ ebudatara iji kpokọta data mmetụta nlanarị, uto ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ njedebe.. === Ebe nchekwa data nke mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi === The Environmental Residue Effects Database (ERED) bụ nchekwa data nke US Army Corps of Engineers na-elekọta nke na-ejikọta data gbasara mkpokọta nke ihe na-egbu egbu na anụ ahụ (site na ihe fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ) na mmetụta njedebe dị ka ọnwụ, uto, ma ọ bụ nzaghachi nke anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal. Data nzaghachi na-agụnye mmetụta dị ala achọpụta (LOED) na enweghị mmetụta achọpụta (NOED). Ihe nchekwa data a sitere na 2329 ndị ọgbọ nyochara banyere kemịkal 413. Ihe nchekwa data ahụ na-ekpuchi akwụkwọ site na 1964 ruo ugbu a ma gụnyere ihe karịrị 15,000 ndekọ. A na-emelite nchekwa data a na 300 ma ọ bụ karịa ndekọ kwa afọ na nkezi. Ihe nchekwa data ERED bụ kpọmkwem maka nsị sediment na mmetụta nke mmetọ na ihe ndị a gwọrọ na mmiri dị ọcha. Ebumnuche ya bụ iji ya mee ihe n'ịtụle ikike maka mmetọ nke ihe ndị a gwupụtara iji nwee mmetụta ọjọọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri.<ref name="Dredg">{{Cite journal|author=Bridges|first=Todd|title=Interpreting Bioaccumulation Data with the Environmental Residue-Effects Database|journal=Technical Notes Collection|date=1999|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA362932|accessdate=18 May 2016|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515133227/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a362932.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e mere nchekwa data ERED ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ maka Army Corps of Engineers iji jikwaa mmetụta ọjọọ nke ịdọrọ mmiri, ọ na-adabara n'ọtụtụ ebe na nyocha na njikwa nsị nsị. === Ebe nchekwa data ECOTOX === A na-ewere ECOTOX dị ka ihe zuru oke n'ihi na ọ na-enwe nsonaazụ site na nyocha nsị nke otu kemịkal na osisi na anụmanụ ndị dị n'ime mmiri na nke ala. Enwere ike ịchọta data na mmiri dị ọcha na mmiri mmiri. ECOTOX na-anakọta data sitere na nchekwa data nke EPA guzobere na mbụ AQUIRE, TERRATOX, na PHYTOX nke na-enye n'otu n'otu ụdị mmiri, ụdị ala na data osisi. A na-anakọta nnukwu data sitere na akwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara mana ụfọdụ data sitere na akwụkwọ isi awọ. Iji ọrụ ajụjụ ajụjụ data ngwa ngwa na-enyere ọchụchọ aka site na kemikal, aha taxonomic, mmetụta, na afọ mbipụta. A na-eji data sitere na ECOTOX iji nye usoro ntụaka maka ọmụmụ ihe nsi dị ugbu a ma na-eje ozi dị ka ụkpụrụ nduzi.. ==== ECOTOX isi iyi data nyochaa ==== A na-edobe data sitere na ọmụmụ ihe nsi nke etinyere na nchekwa data ECOTOX na nyocha na njirisi mmesi obi ike nke EPA na Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) mepụtara. Iji mee ka EPA na OPP nabata nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ, nyocha nsị ahụ ga-agbaso ma ọ bụ nwee ihe ndị a:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Evaluation Guidelines for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature|url=https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/evaluation-guidelines-ecological-toxicity-data-open#_2|work=United States Environmental Protection Agency|publisher=EPA|accessdate=24 May 2016}}</ref> * * Mmetụta na-egbu egbu nwere njikọ na otu kemịkal. * * Mmetụta na-egbu egbu dị na mmiri ma ọ bụ ala ma ọ bụ ụdị anụmanụ. * * Enwere mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ihe niile dị ndụ; * * A na-akọ akụkọ na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi / ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ọnụego itinye n'ọrụ; na * * E nwere oge doro anya nke ikpughe. * Na mgbakwunye na njirisi ndị edepụtara n'elu, njirisi ndị a, nke a tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mgbakwunye I, na-etinye OPP dị ka ihuenyo ọzọ nke nnabata: * * A na-akọ ozi toxicology maka kemịkal na-echegbu OPP; * * A na-ebipụta isiokwu ahụ n'asụsụ Bekee; * * A na-egosi ọmụmụ ihe ahụ dị ka isiokwu zuru ezu; * * Akwụkwọ ahụ bụ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nwere; * * Akwụkwọ bụ isi iyi nke data * * A na-akọ akụkọ njedebe a gbakọrọ; * * A na-eji ọgwụgwọ (n'ụzọ ziri ezi) tụnyere njikwa a na-anabata; * * A na-akọ ebe ọmụmụ ihe ahụ dị (dịka, ụlọ nyocha vs. ubi); na * * A na-akọ ma nyochaa ụdị ahụ a nwalere. == Ngwa iwu == Na United States, ECOTOX, ERED (sediment) na Toxicity Residue Databases na-eji ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na'ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na EPA iji chọpụta ọkwa na-achịkọta ihe na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'okpuru Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha, EPA ejirila nchekwa data ECOTOX n'etiti ozi ndị ọzọ setịpụ ụkpụrụ nke mmiri na-egbu egbu maka ụlọ ọrụ yana ụkpụrụ mmiri dị mma maka mmetọ niile dị na mmiri dị n'elu. N'okpuru CWA, steeti ọ bụla ga-achịkwa ụkpụrụ mmiri dị mma na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ nke EPA setịpụrụ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị achịkwa oke nsị na-egbu egbu n'otu ụzọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chapman|first=PM|title=Current approaches to developing sediment quality criteria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-toxicology-and-chemistry_1989_8_7/page/589|journal=Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry|date=1989|volume=8|issue=7|pages=589–599|doi=10.1002/etc.5620080706}}</ref> Mkpebi nke njirisi ịdịmma sedimenti na nnwale toxicity sedimenti dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu ma steeti ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi steeti na-ahazikarị ya. Ntụle nsi nke sedimenti nke sedimenti emetọọ bụ kpọmkwem ebe a kapịrị ọnụ yana ọkwa mmetụta na-egbu egbu na-agbanwekarị karịa nke mmiri dị n'elu. N'ihi nke a, ọ nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ịmepụta ụkpụrụ ntinye nke sedimenti dị mma nke na-emetụta sistemu mmiri ma ọ bụ mpaghara niile.<ref name="Rand"/> E mepụtara ihe ndị a na-anabata ma ọ bụ ntuziaka dị mma ma jiri ya mee ihe na nyocha ihe ize ndụ na njikwa ihe ndị a gwuru. "Ntụziaka dị mma nke ala (SQGs), dị ka akọwapụtara n'afọ 2002 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop, bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemịkalụ e bu n'uche ka ọ bụrụ ma ọ bụ na-echebe ihe onwunwe, ma ọ bụ buru amụma nke mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe onwunwa ndị ahụ, ma ọ bụghị ha abụọ. SQGs maka ịtụle ogo sediment metụtara ikike maka mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe ndị bi na sediment emeela site na iji usoro usoro na usoro.<ref>[https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.setac.org/resource/resmgr/publications_and_resources/sqgsummary.pdf "Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments"], Executive Summary Booklet of a SETAC Pellston Workshop, SETAC, 2002.</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/tox_residue.html Ebe nchekwa data Toxicity/Residue] * [https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/databases-related-pesticide-risk-assessment Ebe nchekwa data EPA] * [http://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/#fq=dataType%3A%28collection%20OR%20non-collection%20OR%20supercollection%29&q=*%3A* Ebe nchekwa data USGS] * [http://water.usace.army.mil/a2w/f?p=100:1:4352281701119::::: United States Army Corps of Engineers nchekwa data] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230209194247/http://nodc.noaa.gov/ Ihe nchekwa data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] * [https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-contacts Ọfịs nke mmemme ọgwụ ahụhụ] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ey1f2ga3rwevhs5vdgvbv5mjhhcgzfl 0 25700 727836 195681 2026-09-25T05:32:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Air_pollution_by_industrial_chimneys.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|240x240px|Tupu Iwu Nchịkwa Mmetọ Mmiri nke 1955, a naghị ele mmetọ ikuku anya dị ka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba.]] '''Iwu Nchịkwa''' Mmetụta Mmiri nke afọ 1955 (Pub. 360, 69 Stat. ) bụ iwu gọọmentị etiti US mbụ iji dozie [[Ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi|nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi]] nke [[mmetọ ikuku]]. Nke a bụ "omume iji nyé nyocha na enyemaka teknụzụ metụtara njikwa mmetọ ikuku".<ref name="amet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/cleanairlegisl.html|title=Legislation: a look at U.S. air pollution laws and their amendments|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|accessdate=2012-08-27|archivedate=2012-06-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609184408/http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/cleanairlegisl.html}}</ref> Iwu ahụ "na-ahapụ na-ahụ màkà mgbochi na nchịkwa nkè mmetọ ikuku na isi iyi".<ref name="handbook">{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pAh8ronYWIC&dq=air+pollution+control+act+of+1955&pg=PA13|title=Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook|chapter=Clean Air Act|author=Karl B. Schnelle, Jr.|date=2001-10-18|isbn=9781420036435}}</ref> Iwu ahụ kwupụtara na mmetọ ikuku bụ ihe ize ndụ nyé ahụike na ọdịmma ọha na eze, mànà chekwaara "ibu ọrụ na ikike mbụ nke steeti na gọọmentị ímé obodo na ịchịkwa mmetọ ifufe".<ref>69 Stat. 322 (1955)</ref> Iwu ahụ tinyere gọọmentị etiti n'ọrụ ozi, na-enye United States Surgeon General ikike ime nchọpụta, nyochaa, ma nyefee ozi "na-emetụta mmetọ ikuku na mgbochi na mbelata ya".<ref>Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, Sec. 2</ref> Ya mèrè, Iwu Nchịkwa Mmetọ Mmiri Enweghị ndokwa màkà gọọmentị etiti iji lụso mmetọ ikuku ọgụ site n'inye ndị mmetọ ntaramahụhụ.<ref name="Jacobson">{{Cite book|author=Jacobson|first=Mark Z.|title=Air Pollution and Global Warming History, Science, and Solutions|publisher=Cambridge University Press|format=Google Books|edition=2nd|date=April 2012|pages=175, 176|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UeGlmU2F8_8C&q=Air+Pollution+Control+Act+of+1955&pg=PA176|isbn=9781107691155}}</ref> Nkwupụta ọzọ nke ndị omeiwu banyéré mmetọ ikuku ga-abịa na Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha nke 1963. == Tupu afọ 1955 == Tupu Iwu Nchịkwa Mmetụta Mmiri nke 1955, e mèrè obere ọganihu iji bídó mgbanwe mmetọ ikuku a. Obodo US Chicago na Cincinnati bu ụzọ guzobe iwu anwụrụ ọkụ n'afọ 1881. N'afọ 1904, Philadelphia wepụtara iwu na-egbochi anwụrụ ọkụ na flues, anwụrụ ọkụ, na oghere oghere. Iwu ahụ nyèrè ntaramahụhụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị nyocha niile nke anwụrụ ọkụ gafere. Ọ bụghị ruo n'afọ 1947 ka California nyèrè ikike ịmepụta Air Pollution Control Districts na mpaghara ọ bụla nke steeti ahụ.<ref name="overview">{{Cite news|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/airquality/teamaq_law.pdf|title=An Overview of Federal Air Quality Legislation|author=Tianjia Tang|publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]]|accessdate=2012-08-27|archive-date=2012-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925201020/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/airquality/teamaq_law.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mgbanwe na Iwu Nchịkwa Mmetụta Mmiri nke 1955 == E meela ọtụtụ mgbanwe na Iwu Mmetọ Mmiri nke afọ 1955. Mgbanwe mbụ bịara na 1960, nke gbatịkwuru ego nyocha màkà afọ anọ. Mgbanwe ọzọ bịara n'afọ 1962 ma mee ka ụkpụrụ nke iwu mbụ ahụ dị irè. Na mgbakwunye, mmezigharị a chọkwara ka ónyé dọkịta na-ahụ màkà ahụike mee nchọpụta. 1990 bụ mmezigharị kachasị ọhụrụ na iwu ahụ n'okpuru Ónyé isi ala George H. W. Bush. Mgbanwe ndị e mèrè n'afọ 1990 nyèrè gọọmentị etiti ikike karịa iwu ọ bụla gbásárá ikuku. A chọpụtara isiokwu itoolu na mmezigharị a, na anwụrụ ọkụ, mmiri ozuzo acid, ikuku ụgbọala, na mmetọ ikuku na-egbu egbu n'etiti ha. A chọpụtara nkewa ise nke ịdị njọ iji tụọ anwụrụ ọkụ. Iji chịkwaa mmiri ozuzo acid nke ọma, e mepụtara mmemme nchịkwa ọhụrụ. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ na nke siri ike màkà ụgbọala na-amalite na afọ nlereanya afọ 1995. E mepụtara National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants iji gbasaa ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ sárá mbara.<ref name="overview"/> == Nzukọ Mba Maka Mmetọ Mmiri == [[Usòrò:SRI_Air_Pollution_study_1949.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|225x225px|Onye sonyere na SRI bụ [[Paul Magill]] na-atụle anwụrụ ọkụ na Black Friday na Los Angeles na nnọkọ mmetọ ikuku mbụ na 1949]] E mèrè National Air Pollution Symposium mbụ na United States n'afọ 1949 ma bụrụ nke Stanford Research Institute (nke bụzi SRI International) kwadoro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sri.com/work/timeline/first-national-air-pollution-symposium|title=The First National Air Pollution Symposium|publisher=[[SRI International]]|accessdate=2012-08-27|archivedate=2015-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607081402/http://www.sri.com/work/timeline/first-national-air-pollution-symposium}}</ref> Na mbụ, obere gọọmentị na-ahụ màkà ịgafe na itinye iwu dị otú ahụ n'ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/apti/course422/apc1.html|title=Origins of Modern Air Pollution Regulations|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]|accessdate=2012-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830121935/http://www.epa.gov/apti/course422/apc1.html|archivedate=2012-08-30}}</ref> Ebumnuche bụ isi nke Air Pollution Control Act nke 1955 bụ inye enyemaka nyocha iji chọta ụzọ iji chịkwaa mmetọ ikuku site na isi iyi ya. E nyèrè ngụkọta nke nde dollar ise na ọrụ ahụike ọha na eze màkà afọ ise iji mee nyocha a.<ref name="rice">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~eesi/scs/SIP.pdf|title=Clean Air Act Implementation in Houston: An Historical Perspective: 1970-2005|author=Clayton D. Forswall and Kathryn E. Higgins|publisher=[[Rice University]]|date=February 2005|accessdate=2012-08-27}}</ref> Dị ka ébé nrụọrụ weebụ onwé ónyé si kwuo, ego ahụ bụ dollar atọ nde e nyèrè kwà afọ màkà afọ ise nke nyocha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pollutionissues.com/A-Bo/Air-Pollution-Control-Act.html|title=Air Pollution Control Act - effects, human, health|work=www.pollutionissues.com}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mmetọ ikuku na United States == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/air.pdf Nke pụtara ikuku anyị na-eku ume: Ọkara narị afọ nke ọganihu, EPA Alumni Association] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200128091749/https://revolveurdu.blogspot.com/2020/01/how-to-reduce-air-pollution.html Otu esi achịkwa ngalaba iwu,] efz4lus08lmw0e380f69vssomufgbgo 0 25709 727834 595597 2026-09-25T05:29:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727834 wikitext text/x-wiki Cross-State Air Pollution Rule ('''CSAPR''') bụ '''iwu''' nke United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Nké chọrọ ka steeti ndị otu [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] belata ikuku ọkụ nke na-enye ákà na ozone na / ma ọ bụ mmetọ dị mmá na steeti ndị ọzọ.<ref name="epa" /><ref name="epa-basic">{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/airtransport/CSAPR/basic.html|title=Basic Information, Cross-State Air Pollution Rule|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|accessdate=June 28, 2014}}</ref> EPA na-akọwa iwu a dị ka nké "na-echebe ahụike nke ọtụtụ nde ndị America site n'inyere steeti áká belata mmetọ ikuku ma nweta ụkpụrụ ikuku dị ọcha".<ref name="epa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/airtransport/CSAPR/|title=Cross-State Air Pollution Rule|date=4 November 2015|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|access-date=24 April 2023|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111224118/https://www3.epa.gov/airtransport/CSAPR/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nkọwa zuru ezu == CSAPR chọrọ ka steeti irí abụọ na atọ nke United States belata ikuku ha na-ewepụta kwà afọ nke sulfur dioxide (SO2) na nitrogen oxides (NOx) iji nyéré steeti ndị na-efe efe áká iru awa iri abụọ na anọ National Ambient Air Quality Standards, na steeti irí abụọ na ise iji belata ikuku nitrogen oxide iji nyéré [[U.S. state|steeto]] ndị na-eme ifufe aka iru awa asatọ NAAQS.<ref name="epa-basic"/> Steeti ndị achọrọ iji belata ikuku sulfur dioxide kewara n'ìgwè abụọ, ha abụọ ga-ebelata ikuku ha n'afọ 2012. A chọrọ otu 1 ka ọ belata ikuku na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri n'afọ 2014.<ref name="epa-basic"/> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == {| class="wikitable" !Ụbọchị !Ihe omume |- |July 6, 2011 |EPA mechiri iwu ahụ, na-anọchi anya Iwu Air Interstate Clean (CAIR) nke EPA site na 2005.<ref name="epa"/> |- |Disemba 15, 2011 |EPA mechara iwu mgbakwunye iji chọọ steeti ise - [[Áyowạ|Iowa]], [[Michigan]], [[Mizurị|Missouri]], [[Oklahoma]], na [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]] - iji mee ka oge okpomọkụ belata NOx n'okpuru mmemme CSAPR ozone oge.<ref name="epa" /> |- |Febụwarị 7, 2012 |EPA nyere obere mgbanwe na iwu ahụ.<ref name="epa" /> |- |June 5, 2012 |EPA nyere obere mgbanwe ọzọ na iwu ahụ.<ref name="epa" /> |- |Ọgọst 21, 2012 |Ụlọikpe mkpegharị ikpe nke D.C. tụgharịrị CSAPR.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/22/science/earth/appeals-court-strikes-down-epa-rule-on-cross-state-pollution.html?_r=0|title=Court Blocks E.P.A. Rule on Cross-State Pollution|author=Wald|first=Matthew L.|date=August 21, 2012|accessdate=June 28, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.economonitor.com/dolanecon/2012/08/27/court-rejects-epa-cross-state-air-pollution-rule-where-to-next/|author=Dolan|first=Ed|title=Court Rejects EPA Cross-State Air Pollution Rule. Where to Next?|publisher=[[EconoMonitor]]|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=June 28, 2014}}</ref><ref name="epa-bulletin">{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/airtransport/CSAPR/bulletins.html|title=Bulletin: Cross-State Air Pollution Rule|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|accessdate=June 28, 2014|archive-date=October 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028190749/http://www.epa.gov/airtransport/CSAPR/bulletins.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Eprel 29, 2014 |Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States gbanwere mkpebi nke Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke DC.<ref name="epa-bulletin" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/12-1182_553a.pdf|title=Supreme Court Decision: EPA vs EME Homer City Generation|date=April 29, 2014|accessdate=June 28, 2014|publisher=[[United States Supreme Court]]|archivedate=May 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529130230/http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/12-1182_553a.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/05/01/cross-state-air-pollution-rule-reinstated-by-supreme-court/|title=Cross State Air Pollution Rule Reinstated by Supreme Court|author=Profeta|first=Tim|date=May 1, 2014|accessdate=June 28, 2014|publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]|work=Nat Geo News Watch|archivedate=May 2, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502173628/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/05/01/cross-state-air-pollution-rule-reinstated-by-supreme-court/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/regulation/energy-environment/204658-supreme-court-upholds-epa-cross-state-air-pollution-rule|title=Court upholds cross-state air pollution rule|author=Barron-Lopez|first=Laura|date=April 29, 2014|accessdate=June 28, 2014|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> |- |June 26, 2014 |Gọọmentị etiti nke United States na-etinye akwụkwọ ya na ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe nke D. C. iji wepụ nnọkọ ya. Ruo mgbe e kpebiri mkpebi ahụ, iwu mbụ (CAIR) ka na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name="epa-bulletin" /> |- |Ọktoba 23, 2014 |Ụlọikpe mkpegharị ikpe nke US maka D.C. Circuit nyere iwu ka e nye iwu EPA ka e wepụ iwu mmetọ ikuku Cross-State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/airtransport/CSAPR/pdfs/CSAPR_Stay_Lift.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413144043/http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/airtransport/CSAPR/pdfs/CSAPR_Stay_Lift.pdf|archivedate=2015-04-13}}</ref> |- |Jenụwarị 1, 2015 |CSAPR Phase 1 mmejuputa malitere.<ref>[https://www.epa.gov/csapr/overview-cross-state-air-pollution-rule-csapr Overview of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR)] United States Environmental Protection Agency.. Retrieved 13 October 2020.</ref> |} == Nnakwere == Ndị otu gburugburu ébé obibi dị ka Environmental Defense Fund, ndị na-eche echiche na-aga n'ihu dị ka ThinkProgress, na akwụkwọ dị ka ''Huffington Post'' agbachitere CSAPR.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.edf.org/health/fact-sheets/epa-cross-state-air-pollution-rule|title=Benefits of EPA Cross-State Air Pollution Rule. Fact sheets of economic and health benefits by state|publisher=[[Environmental Defense Fund]]|accessdate=June 28, 2014|archivedate=August 21, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821163247/http://www.edf.org/health/fact-sheets/epa-cross-state-air-pollution-rule}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/12/09/3039061/4-reasons-supreme-court-cross-state-air-pollution-rule/|title=4 Reasons The Supreme Court Might Want To Uphold The EPA's Cross-State Air Pollution Rule|author=Atkin|first=Emily|date=December 9, 2013|accessdate=June 28, 2014|work=[[ThinkProgress]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tag/cross-state-air-pollution-rule/|title=Cross State Air Pollution Rule (tag)|work=[[Huffington Post]]|accessdate=June 28, 2014}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161111224118/https://www3.epa.gov/airtransport/CSAPR/ Ikpe nke gọọmentị] gmn4owlch2ovl1immn1mi4vhi03gvc8 0 25792 727797 721652 2026-09-25T03:04:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Beach_in_Sharm_el-Naga02.jpg|thumb|Ihe mkpofu mmiri e kpochapụrụ n'ụsọ osimiri dị na Sharm el-Naga, Egypt]] {{Databox}}Mpekere mmiri, nke a makwaara dị ka awụba mmiri n'oké osimiri, bụ ihe mkpofu mmadụ mere nke kpachapụrụ anya ma ọ bụ na mberede n'ime oke osimiri ma ọ bụ oke osimiri. Ihe irighiri ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri na-agbakọta n'etiti gyres na n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-asachapụkarị ala mgbe a maara ya dị ka mkpofu osimiri ma ọ bụ tidewrack. A na-akpọ ụma ekpofu ihe mkpofu n'oké osimiri. irighiri ihe na-esi n'okike dị, dị ka osisi driftwood na mkpuru osisi, dịkwa. Site na iji plastik na-abawanye ụba, mmetụta mmadụ abụrụla ihe esemokwu n'ihi na ọtụtụ ụdị plastik (petrochemical) adịghị emebi ngwa ngwa, dị ka ihe okike ma ọ bụ organic ga-adị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/living/2019/07/10/watch-italy-s-answer-to-the-problem-with-plastic|title=Euronews Living &#124; Watch: Italy's answer to the problem with plastic|first=Rachel|author=Graham|date=10 July 2019|work=living}}</ref> Otu ụdị mmetọ plastik kachasị ukwuu (~ 10 %) na ọtụtụ nnukwu plastik dị n'oké osimiri na-atụfu ma na-efu site na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-06|title=Dumped fishing gear is biggest plastic polluter in ocean, finds report|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/06/dumped-fishing-gear-is-biggest-plastic-polluter-in-ocean-finds-report|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Plastic na-abanye n'ime mmiri na-eweta nnukwu egwu nye azụ, nnụnụ mmiri, anụ na-akpụ akpụ n'ime osimiri, na anụ na-enye nwa ara n'ime oké osimiri, yana ụgbọ mmiri na ụsọ mmiri.<ref name="Facts22">{{Cite web|url=http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/marinedebris101|title=Facts about marine debris|publisher=US NOAA|accessdate=10 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213110801/http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/marinedebris101/|archivedate=13 February 2009}}</ref> Mkpofu, mkpofu akpa, ihe na-asachapụ n'ime ebe mmiri ozuzo na ụzọ mmiri na ihe mkpofu ikuku na-efe efe na-ebute nsogbu a. Mmetọ mmiri a na-abawanye ebutela nnukwu mmetụta dị njọ dị ka ụgbụ azụ a tụfuru atụfu na-ejide anụmanụ, itinye ihe mkpofu rọba na nnukwu ihe mkpofu mmiri, yana [[Iba|ịba]] ụba nke mmetọ n'usoro nri. Na mgbalị iji gbochie ma dozie ihe mkpofu mmiri na mmetọ, a nabatara iwu na ụkpụrụ na mba ụwa, na UN gụnyere mbelata mmetọ mmiri na Sustainable Development Goal nke iri na anọ "Life Under Water". Dabere na mkpa ọ metụtara nsogbu na ọkwa dị iche iche nke onyinye, mba ụfọdụ ewebatala iwu nchebe ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara. Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ndị na-enweghị uru, NGO, na òtù gọọmentị na-emepụta mmemme iji chịkọta ma wepụ plastik n'oké osimiri. Agbanyeghị, na 2017 UN mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2050, a ga-enwe plastik karịa azụ n'oké osimiri ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị nnukwu ihe..<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-27|title=FEATURE: UN's mission to keep plastics out of oceans and marine life|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/04/556132-feature-uns-mission-keep-plastics-out-oceans-and-marine-life|accessdate=2020-12-08|work=UN News|language=en}}</ref>   == Ụdị == [[Usòrò:Beach_at_Msasani_Bay,_Dar_es_Salaam,_Tanzania.JPG|thumb|Ihe mkpofu n'ụsọ osimiri dị nso na Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.]] [[Usòrò:Flostam_tern_island.JPG|thumb|Ihe mkpofu ndị e nwetara n'ụsọ osimiri dị na Tern Island na French Frigate Shoals ihe karịrị otu ọnwa.]] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ekewa ihe mkpofu dị ka ala ma ọ bụ oké osimiri; n'afọ 1991, United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution mere atụmatụ na ihe ruru pasenti iri asatọ nke mmetọ ahụ sitere n'ala, ebe pasenti iri abụo fọdụrụnụ sitere na ọdachi ma ọ bụ isi mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sheavly|first=S. B.|title=Marine Debris & Plastics: Environmental Concerns, Sources, Impacts and Solutions|journal=Journal of Polymers and the Environment|volume=15|issue=4|pages=301–305|year=2007|doi=10.1007/s10924-007-0074-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weiss|first=K.R.|title=The pileup of plastic debris is more than ugly ocean litter|journal=Knowable Magazine|year=2017|url=https://www.knowablemagazine.org/article/sustainability/2017/pileup-plastic-debris-more-ugly-ocean-litter|doi=10.1146/knowable-120717-211902}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtala na ihe karịrị ọkara nke ihe mkpofu plastik a hụrụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri Korea bụ nke oké osimiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jang|first=Yong Chang|title=Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land|journal=Ocean Science Journal|date=6 July 2014|volume=49|issue=2|pages=151–162|doi=10.1007/s12601-014-0015-8}}</ref> Ihe dị iche iche nke mmadụ mere nwere ike ịghọ ihe mkpofu mmiri; akpa rọba, balloons, ụgbọ mmiri, eriri, ihe mkpofu ọgwụ, iko na karama rọba, stubs sịga, ọkụ ọkụ sịga, iko ihe ọṅụṅụ, polystyrene, eriri azụ na ụgbụ furu efu, na mkpofu dị iche iche sitere n'ụgbọ mmiri na mmanụ mmanụ so na ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị. asaala ala mmiri. A na-ewere mgbanaka mkpọ isii, karịsịa, dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke nsogbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Cecil Adams|date=16 July 1999|title=Should you cut up six-pack rings so they don't choke sea birds?|url=https://www.straightdope.com/21342482/should-you-cut-up-six-pack-rings-so-they-don-t-choke-sea-birds|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006061820/http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a990716.html|archivedate=6 October 2008|accessdate=11 August 2008|work=The Straight Dope}}</ref> Ndị agha US jiri ihe a na-atụfu n'oké osimiri maka ngwá agha na bọmbụ ndị a na-ejighị mee ihe, gụnyere bọmbụ nkịtị, UXO, ogbunigwe na ngwá agha kemịkal site na ọ dịkarịa ala nke afọ 1919 ruo afọ 1970.<ref name="wbgh">{{Cite news|author=Edgar B. Herwick III|title=Explosive Beach Objects – Just Another Example Of Massachusetts' Charm|url=http://wgbhnews.org/post/explosive-beach-objects-just-another-example-massachusetts-charm|accessdate=4 August 2015|work=WGBH news|publisher=PBS|date=29 July 2015|archive-date=3 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803012411/http://wgbhnews.org/post/explosive-beach-objects-just-another-example-massachusetts-charm|url-status=dead}}</ref> A tụfuru ọtụtụ nde pound nke ngwá agha na Gulf of [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ọ dịkarịa ala steeti 16, site na New Jersey ruo Hawaii (ọ bụ ezie na ndị a, n'ezie, anaghị agbanye mmiri n'ụsara osimiri, ọ bụghịkwa US bụ naanị mba mere nke a).<ref name="me">{{Cite news|title=Military Ordinance [sic] Dumped in Gulf of Mexico|url=http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/military-ordinance-dumped-in-gulf-of-mexico|accessdate=4 August 2015|work=Maritime Executive|date=3 August 2015}}</ref> Pasent iri asatọ nke ihe mkpofu mmiri bụ plastik.<ref name="Weisman">{{Cite book|author=Alan Weisman|title=The World Without Us|url=https://archive.org/details/worldwithoutu00weis|year=2007|pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldwithoutu00weis/page/112 112]–128|publisher=St. Martin's Thomas Dunne Books|isbn=978-0312347291}}</ref> Plastic na-agbakọta n'ihi na ha anaghị emebi dịka ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme. Ha na-agbada na foto mgbe ha na-ahụ ìhè anyanwụ, ọ bụ ezie na ha na-eme ya naanị n'ọnọdụ akọrọ, dịka mmiri na-egbochi photolysis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/270/|title=Polymers Are Forever|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=Summer 2007|author=Alan Weisman|publisher=Orion magazine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516210457/http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/270|archivedate=16 May 2008}}</ref> N'ime nnyocha nke afọ 2014 na-eji ụdị kọmputa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere n'ìgwè 5 Gyres, mere atụmatụ na 5.25 puku ijeri plastik dị tọn Narị abụọ na iri isii na itoolu gbasara n'oké osimiri n'otu ọnụọgụ ahụ na Northern na Southern Hemispheres.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Trillion Pieces of Ocean Trash Found, But Fewer Particles Than Expected|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/12/141211-ocean-plastics-garbage-patches-5-gyres-pollution-environment/|accessdate=25 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205025927/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/12/141211-ocean-plastics-garbage-patches-5-gyres-pollution-environment/|archivedate=5 February 2015|date=2014-12-13}}</ref> === Ihe mkpofu ụgbọ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide === Ụfọdụ ihe na ihe omume ndị a na-eji eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-adịghị adị ngwa ngwa, na-adịgide adịgide na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-agbakọta ka oge na-aga. Ihe omume ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ, ụgbọ mmiri na aquaculture nke na-ewe ihe ma ọ bụ na-eji akụrụngwa na gburugburu mmiri ma nwee ike tufuo ma ọ bụ tụfuo ngwa, ihe, igwe ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu siri ike site na usoro mmepụta ihe n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ banye n'ikpere mmiri. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye ihe ọ bụla buru ibu dị ka ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ ma ọ bụ dị ntakịrị dị ka urughuru si na Styrofoam lobster floa. N'afọ 2003, e mere nnyocha iji chọpụta ụdị, ọnụ ọgụgụ, isi iyi, na mmetụta nke ihe mkpofu mmiri na-adịgide adịgide na mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri nke Charlotte County, New Brunswick, ma nyochaa mmekọrịta ọ bụla n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ na ụdị ihe mkpofu ụgbọ mmiri na-anọgide adịgide, na ụdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị nso.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Christine|title=Persistent Industrial Marine Debris: The Relationship Between Marine Debris and Coastal Industrial Activity in Charlotte County New Brunswick|url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=MQ79594&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=56632868|accessdate=22 March 2023}}</ref> Ihe ndị dị ka plastik ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ nwere ike ịtọgbọrọ n'ime obere ihe ma nwee ike ịdị ka obere ihe ndị dị n'oké osimiri na anụ ọhịa dịka nnụnụ, cetaceans, na azụ, ha nwekwara ike iri ihe ndị a. Ihe a na-apụghị ịgbari agbari nwere ike ịba n'ime eriri afọ na-emepụta mgbochi ma ọ bụ mmetụta ụgha nke izu oke ma mesịa nwụọ n'ihi enweghị nri kwesịrị ekwesị. === Ụgbụ Mmụọ === {{excerpt|Ghost net}}  === Obere plastik === {{excerpt|Plastic soup#Microplastics|paragraphs=1-2|file=no}} === Ihe mkpofu miri emi nke oké osimiri === A na-ahụ ọbụna ihe mkpofu mmiri n'ala nke oké osimiri Arctic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plastic trash invades arctic seafloor|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57540392/plastic-trash-invades-arctic-seafloor|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025213953/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57540392/plastic-trash-invades-arctic-seafloor/|archivedate=25 October 2012|work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-elekwasị anya n'ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ọmụmụ ihe na mkpokọta plastik n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na mmiri dị n'elu mmiri, na nke ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-ebi na ọkwa dị n' elu nke ogidi mmiri riri, enwere obere ozi gbasara mkpofu na mesopelagic na nke miri emi.<ref name=":5">Chiba, S., Saito, H., Fletcher, R., Yogi, T., Kayo, M., Miyagi, S., ... & Fujikura, K. (2018). Human footprint in the abyss: 30 year records of deep-sea plastic debris. ''Marine Policy'', ''96'', 204–212.</ref> Nnyocha e mere emewo nyocha site na nlele ala, nlele vidiyo site na ụgbọ ala ndị a na-arụ n'ime obodo (ROVs), na ndị na-agba mmiri. Ha na-akachasịkwa naanị na ọrụ ndị na-apụ apụ na-adịghị agbatị ogologo oge iji gosipụta mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke irighiri mmiri dị n'oké osimiri ka oge na-aga. Nnyocha e mere ugbu a egosila na ihe omume anthropogenic na-emetụta irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime oké osimiri, na a na-ahụkarị plastik n'ime oke osimiri, karịsịa na mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke mpaghara ndị mmadụ bi na ya, dị ka Mediterranean.<ref name=":5" /> A chọpụtala na ihe mkpofu, nke e ji ihe dịgasị iche iche dị arọ karịa mmiri dị n'elu (dị ka iko, ọla na plastik ụfọdụ), gbasaa n'ala oké osimiri na oké osimiri mepere emepe, ebe ọ nwere ike ịghọ mgbagwoju anya na corals ma gbochie ndụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ala mmiri, ma ọ bụ ọbụna lie ya n'okpuru ala, na-eme ka nhicha sie ike nke ukwuu, karịsịa n'ihi nnukwu ebe ọ gbasara ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụgbọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Goodman|first=Alexa J.|date=2020-01-01|title=Benthic marine debris in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada: Spatial distribution and categorization using seafloor video footage|journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin|language=en|volume=150|pages=110722|doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110722|pmid=31733907}}</ref> Plastics nke na-enwekarị ihe na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịmikpu site na nrube isi nke phytoplankton na nchịkọta nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. Usoro oké osimiri ndị ọzọ na-emetụta mgbasa, dị ka oké ifufe nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na convection nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-ekere òkè n'ebufe nnukwu mkpọ irighiri ihe na irighiri ihe. Njirimara topographic nke okpuru mmiri nwekwara ike ime ka mmiri na-ada ada, na-eduga na njigide microplastics n'ebe ụfọdụ.<ref name=":6">Woodall, L. C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Canals, M., Paterson, G. L., Coppock, R., Sleight, V., ... & Thompson, R. C. (2014). The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris. Royal Society open science, 1(4), 140317. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140317</nowiki>.</ref> A Deep-sea Debris database site na Global Oceanographic Data Center nke Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), na-egosi afọ iri atọ nke foto na ihe nlele nke ihe mkpofu mmiri kemgbe 1983, ka emere n'ihu ọha n'afọ 2017. Site na puku ise na iri divves na nchekwa data, na-eji ROVs na submersibles miri emi, a gụrụ ihe mkpofu puku atọ, narị anọ na iri abụọ na ise nke mmadụ mere.<ref name=":5">Chiba, S., Saito, H., Fletcher, R., Yogi, T., Kayo, M., Miyagi, S., ... & Fujikura, K. (2018). Human footprint in the abyss: 30 year records of deep-sea plastic debris. ''Marine Policy'', ''96'', 204–212.</ref> Ụdị iberibe ihe abụọ kachasị mkpa bụ macro-plastic, nke mejupụtara 33% nke iberibe a chọtara pasenti iri asatọ na itoolu nke bụ otu eji eme ihe na ígwè, nke mejupụta 26%. A chọtara ọbụna iberibe plastik na ala nke Mariana Trench, na omimi nke 10,898m, a chọtara akpa plastik na-ejikọta na ikuku hydrothermal na obodo ndị na-ajụ oyi.<ref name=":5" /> === Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa === {{excerpt|Garbage patch|paragraphs=1|file=no}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == [[Usòrò:Friendly_Floatees.png|thumb|Njem nke ndị enyi na enyi na-ese n'elu mmiri.]] Ndị 10 kachasị emetụta mmetọ plastik nke oké osimiri n'ụwa niile bụ, site na ọtụtụ ruo na nke kachasị, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Egypt, Malaysia, Nigeria, na Bangladesh, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na osimiri Yangtze, Indus, Yellow, Hai, Nile, Ganges, Pearl, Amur, Niger, na Mekong, na-agụnye "pasent 90 nke plastik niile ruru oké osimiri ụwa".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jambeck|first=Jenna R.|title=Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean|journal=Science|date=12 February 2015|volume=347|issue=6223|pages=768–771|url=https://www.iswa.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Calendar_2011_03_AMERICANA/Science-2015-Jambeck-768-71__2_.pdf|accessdate=28 August 2018|doi=10.1126/science.1260352|pmid=25678662|archive-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122073818/https://www.iswa.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Calendar_2011_03_AMERICANA/Science-2015-Jambeck-768-71__2_.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Christian Schmidt|title=Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea|journal=[[Environmental Science & Technology]]|date=11 October 2017|volume=51|issue=21|pages=12246–12253|doi=10.1021/acs.est.7b02368|pmid=29019247|url=http://oceanrep.geomar.de/43169/4/es7b02368_si_001.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Harald Franzen|title=Almost all plastic in the ocean comes from just 10 rivers|url=https://p.dw.com/p/2oTF6|accessdate=18 December 2018|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=30 November 2017|quote=It turns out that about 90 percent of all the plastic that reaches the world's oceans gets flushed through just 10 rivers: The Yangtze, the Indus, Yellow River, Hai River, the Nile, the Ganges, Pearl River, Amur River, the Niger, and the Mekong (in that order).}}</ref> A na-eme atụmatụ na ụgbọ mmiri 10,000 na-efu n'oké osimiri kwa afọ, na-abụkarị n'oge oké ifufe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/06/0619_seacargo.html|title=Lost Sea Cargo: Beach Bounty or Junk?|accessdate=8 April 2008|date=19 June 2001|author=Janice Podsada|publisher=National Geographic News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406043240/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/06/0619_seacargo.html|archivedate=6 April 2008}}</ref> Otu nsị mere n'[[Òrìmìlì Pacific|Oké]] Osimiri Pacific n'afọ 1992, mgbe ọtụtụ puku ọbọgwụ rọba na ihe egwuregwu ndị ọzọ (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka "Friendly Floatees") gafere n'oké osimiri n'oge oké ifufe. Kemgbe ahụ, a chọtara ihe egwuregwu ahụ n'ụwa niile, na-enye nghọta ka mma banyere mmiri nke oké osimiri. IIhe omume ndị yiri nke ahụ emeela na mbụ, dị ka mgbe Hansa Carrier tụbara arịa iri abụọ na otu (nke nwere akpụkpọ ụkwụ Nike na-adọrọ adọrọ).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/05/28/coolsc.oceansecrets/index.html|title=How sneakers, toys and hockey gear help ocean science|accessdate=8 April 2008|date=28 May 2003|author=Marsha Walton|publisher=CNN}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, MSC Napoli kwụsịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri English Channel, na-atụfu ọtụtụ narị containers, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asacha na Jurassic Coast, World Heritage Site.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/devon/6287457.stm|title=Scavengers take washed-up goods|accessdate=8 April 2008|date=22 January 2007|work=BBC News}}</ref> Nnyocha nke afọ 2021 na-esote ọnwụ nke afọ 2014 nke akpa na-ebu cartridges na-ebi akwụkwọ gbakọrọ na ụfọdụ cartridgs agbasaala na nkezi ọsọ nke dị n'etiti 6 cm na 13 cm kwa sekọnd.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wilson|first=Jonathan|date=April 29, 2021|title=Ship's lost plastic cargo washes up on shores from Florida to Norway|url=https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2021/04/ship-s-lost-plastic-cargo-washes-up-on-shores-from-florida-to-norway/|work=E&T Magazine|accessdate=May 1, 2021}}</ref> Ihe mberede nke ụgbọ mmiri Tokio Express n'afọ 1997 n'ụsọ oké osimiri Britain mere ka ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ibu na-enweghị ihe ruru nde Lego 5. Ụfọdụ n'ime iberibe ndị ahụ ghọrọ ndị bara uru n'etiti ndị na-anakọta ndị na-achọ dragọn Lego n'akụkụ osimiri. O nyekwaara nghọta bara uru n'ịmụ mmebi nbibi nke mmiri.<ref name="lego_plastic">{{Cite web|title=How long does it take for plastic to degrade: the Lego bricks study|url=https://thefactsource.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-plastic-to-degrade-the-lego-bricks-study/|work=The Fact Source|date=19 July 2021|accessdate=20 August 2021}}</ref> Na Halifax Harbour, [[Nova Scotia]], 52% nke ihe sitere na iji ogige ntụrụndụ emebere, 14% sitere na mkpofu nsị na naanị 7% site na mbupu na ọrụ ịkụ azụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Walker|first=T.R.|year=2006|title=Accumulation of marine debris on an intertidal beach in an urban park (Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233420832|format=PDF|journal=Water Quality Research Journal of Canada|volume=41|issue=3|pages=256–262|doi=10.2166/wqrj.2006.029}}</ref> Ihe dị ka ụzọ anọ n'ụzọ ise<ref name="Algalita">{{Cite web|url=http://www.algalita.org/pdf/PLASTIC%20DEBRIS%20ENGLISH.pdf|title=Plastic Debris: from Rivers to Sea|accessdate=29 May 2008|publisher=Algalita Marine Research Foundation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819214304/http://www.algalita.org/pdf/PLASTIC%20DEBRIS%20ENGLISH.pdf|archivedate=19 August 2008}}</ref> Nke irighiri ihe n'oké osimiri sitere na ihe mkpofu a na-awụba na mmiri site na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, na mmiri na-asọpụta n'obodo ukwu.[3].<ref name="Facts22" /> Ụfọdụ nnyocha na-egosi na irighiri mmiri nwere ike na-akpa n'ebe ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2016 nke Aruba chọpụtara na irighiri ihe chọpụtara na akụkụ ikuku nke àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ihe na-emekarị na mmiri mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Scisciolo|first=Tobia|year=2016|title=Beach debris on Aruba, Southern Caribbean: Attribution to local land-based and distal marine-based sources|journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin|volume=106|issue=–2|pages=49–57|doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.039|pmid=27039956}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, a chịkọtara ma nyochaa irighiri ihe si n'akụkụ osimiri isii dị na Korea: 56% bụ nke "dabere n'oké osimiri" yana 44% "dabere na ala.".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yong|first=C|year=2013|title=Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land|journal=Ocean Science Journal|volume=49|issue=2|pages=151–162|doi=10.1007/s12601-014-0015-8}}</ref> N'afọ 1987 Syringe Tide, a na-asa ihe mkpofu ahụike n'ikpere mmiri na [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]] mgbe a na-afụ ya site na Fresh Kills Landfill.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD81439F93BA35751C1A961948260|title=New York City to Pay Jersey Town $1 Million Over Shore Pollution|accessdate=25 June 2008|date=8 December 1987|author=Alfonso Narvaez|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.marist.edu/diglib/EnvSci/archives/hudsmgmt/ny-njharborestuaryprogram/debris.html|title=A Summary of the Proposed Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan|accessdate=25 June 2008|date=February 1995|publisher=New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050524210352/http://library.marist.edu/diglib/EnvSci/archives/hudsmgmt/ny-njharborestuaryprogram/debris.html|archivedate=24 May 2005}}</ref> N'àgwàetiti dịpụrụ adịpụ nke South Georgia, ihe mkpofu metụtara ịkụ azụ, ihe dịka pasenti iri asatọ na plastik, na-akpata mgbagwoju anya nke ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akara akpụkpọ anụ Antarctic. == Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi == [[Usòrò:Albatross_at_Midway_Atoll_Refuge_(8080507529).jpg|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ n'otu albatross nwere flotsam a na-eri.]] Ọ bụghị ihe niile gbasara mmadụ na-etinye n'ime oke osimiri na-emerụ ahụ. Ígwè na ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na-emebikarị gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ha na-adaba n'ala ala ma ghọọ ndị na-adịghị agagharị agagharị, na n'ime omimi nke na-emighị emi, ha nwere ike ọbụna na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-emepụta ihe. Ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọ ala ụgbọ oloko ejiriwo ụma kpukpu maka nzube ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://192.5.14.110/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1377/MR1377.ch5.pdf|work=Disposal Options for Ships|title=Chapter 5: Reefing|accessdate=3 May 2008|date=2 August 2006|author=Ron Hess|publisher=Rand Corporation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629110318/http://192.5.14.110/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1377/MR1377.ch5.pdf|archivedate=29 June 2007}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, a mara crabs hermit ka ọ na-eji iberibe ihe mkpofu n'ụsọ osimiri dị ka shei mgbe ha na-enweghị ike ịhụ ezigbo sheshell nke nha ha chọrọ.[35].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Shawn|title=Crabs With Beach Trash Homes – Okinawa, Japan|url=http://okinawanaturephotography.com/crabs-with-beach-trash-homes-okinawa-japan/|work=Okinawa Nature Photography|accessdate=14 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014084009/http://okinawanaturephotography.com/crabs-with-beach-trash-homes-okinawa-japan/|archivedate=14 October 2017|date=2014-10-19}}</ref> === Mmetụta sitere na mmetọ plastik === N'ime mmiri nke United States, e nweela ọtụtụ ihe a hụrụ site na mmetọ gụnyere: mpaghara hypoxic, okooko osisi agal na-emerụ ahụ, na ụdị ndị na-eyi egwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Craig|first=R.|date=2005|title=Protecting International Marine Biodiversity: International Treaties and National Systems of Marine Protected Areas|journal=Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law|volume=20|issue=2|pages=333–369}}</ref> N'afọ 1972, United States Congress weputara Iwu Mmiri Mmiri, na-enye Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi ike iji nyochaa ma chịkwaa nsị mmiri, ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ, ihe mkpuchi radiation na ihe ndị na-emebi ihe n'ime mmiri nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epw.senate.gov/mprsa72.pdf|title=Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972|date=29 December 2000|publisher=US Senate|accessdate=29 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530014214/http://epw.senate.gov/mprsa72.pdf|archivedate=30 May 2008}}</ref> E dezigharịrị Iwu ahụ afọ iri na isii ka e mesịrị iji tinye ihe mkpofu ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/mprsa/02.htm|title=Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988|date=21 November 1988|publisher=US EPA|accessdate=29 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511183756/http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/mprsa/02.htm|archivedate=11 May 2009}}</ref> Ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị iwepụ plastik ọ bụla na mmiri US.<ref name="Facts22" /> [[Usòrò:How_long_until_it's_gone.jpg|thumb|Oge ire ure nke ihe mkpofu mmiri]] Ihe mkpofu mmiri bụ nsogbu zuru ebe niile, ọ bụghị naanị nsonaazụ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chow|first=Lorraine|date=29 June 2016|title=80% Of Ocean Plastic Comes From Land-Based Sources, New Report Finds.|url=http://www.ecowatch.com/80-of-ocean-plastic-comes-from-land-based-sources-new-report-finds-1891173457.html.|journal=EcoWatch}}</ref> Mpekere rọba sitere na steeti dị n'ime ala na-esi na isi ebe abụọ bụ isi: mkpofu nkịtị na ihe ndị sitere na mkpofu oghere na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa na-efega ma ọ bụ na-asọga n'okporo ụzọ mmiri dị n'ime ime na mmiri mkpofu na-asọpụta. Ihe mkpofu ahụ na-esi n'ụzọ mmiri, osimiri, iyi na ọdọ mmiri gaa n'oké osimiri. Ọ bụ ezie na nhicha nke oké osimiri na mpaghara osimiri dị mkpa, ọ dị oke mkpa iji dozie ihe mkpofu plastik nke sitere na steeti ndị dị n'ime ala na steeti na-enweghị ala.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tibbetts|first=John H.|title=Managing Marine Plastic Pollution: Policy Initiatives to Address Wayward Waste|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|date=April 2015|volume=123|issue=4|pages=A90-3|doi=10.1289/ehp.123-A90|pmid=25830293}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Na usoro usoro, enwere ụzọ dị iche iche iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe mkpofu na-abanye n'ụzọ mmiri anyị: * Melite njem mkpofu gaa na site na saịtị site na iji nchekwa na mbupu akpa mechiri emechi * Gbochi ebe a na-eme ihe mkpofu n'akụkụ ụzọ mmiri * Kwalite ojiji nke mmanụ a na-enweta na Refuse. Plastiki eji eme ihe nke nwere ọnụ ahịa dị ala anaghị emegharị ya ọzọ ma o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-abanye n'oké osimiri.<ref>''Stemming the tide: Land-based strategies for a plastic-free ocean'' (pp. 1–48, Rep.). (2015). McKinsey Center for Business and Environment.</ref> Otú ọ dị, ịtụgharị plastik ndị a a na-achọghị nke ga-anọ n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa n'ime mmanụ a na-enweta na-enye ohere maka iji ya eme ihe ọzọ; enwere ike iji ha dị ka mmanụ mgbakwunye na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik * Melite ọnụego mgbake maka plastik (n'afọ 2012, United States mepụtara nde tọn 11.46 nke ihe mkpofu plastik, nke naanị 6.7% ka a nwetaghachiri.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=EPA|title=Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2012|url=https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/web/pdf/2012_msw_fs.pdf}}</ref> * Adapt Extended Producer Responsibility strategies iji mee ka ndị na-emepụta na-ahụ maka njikwa ngwaahịa mgbe ngwaahịa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ha ghọrọ ihe mkpofu; gbaa ume ka a na-eji emepụta ngwaahịa iji belata mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nash|first=Jennifer|title=Extended Producer Responsibility in the United States|journal=Journal of Industrial Ecology|date=April 2013|volume=17|issue=2|pages=175–185|doi=10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00572.x}}</ref> * machibido iji nzacha sịga ma guzobe usoro nkwụnye ego maka e-siga (dị ka nke a na-eji maka propane canisters)<ref name="nationalgeographic.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/cigarettes-story-of-plastic/|title=Cigarette butts are toxic plastic pollution. Should they be banned?|date=9 August 2019|work=Environment|access-date=25 April 2023|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810125852/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/cigarettes-story-of-plastic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:7_Swaps.jpg|thumb|7 mgbanwe dị mfe maka otu ihe ndị mmadụ nwere ike ime iji chekwaa ihe mkpofu.]] Ndị na-eri nri nwere ike inye aka belata ọnụ ọgụgụ plastik na-abanye n'okporo ụzọ mmiri site na ibelata ojiji nke plastik a na-eji otu eme ihe, na-ezere microbeads, isonye na nhicha mmiri ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri..<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oceanicsociety.org/blog/1720/7-ways-to-reduce-ocean-plastic-pollution-todayStrategies|title=7 Ways To Reduce Ocean Plastic Pollution Today|work=www.oceanicsociety.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330075852/https://www.oceanicsociety.org/blog/1720/7-ways-to-reduce-ocean-plastic-pollution-todayStrategies|archivedate=30 March 2018}}</ref> == Hụkwa ihe Ọzọ ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d12wc8qcfsahbor8ca1pmz51mvozv2s 0 26362 727617 725261 2026-09-24T13:18:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727617 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Usòrò:Ankasa_Conservation_1.jpg|thumb|317x317px|Ebe a na-ahụ ọhịa Ankasa]] {{Databox}}Ankasa Mpaghara nchekwa bụ mpaghara dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Ghana, na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Ghana]], ihe dị ka kilomita 365 n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Accra n'akụkụ ókèala ya na [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. Ọ na-agụnye Ogige Ntụrụndụ Nini Suhien<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcghana.org/page.php?page=268&section=32&typ=1&subs=275|title=Nini Suhien National Park and Ankasa Resources Reserve, Ghana|work=www.fcghana.org|accessdate=2019-05-25|archivedate=2022-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701210125/https://fcghana.org/page.php/?page=268&section=32&typ=1&subs=275}}</ref> na North, na Ankasa Oke ọhịa na South.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanawildlifesociety.org/page.php?page=209&section=32&typ=1&subs=|title=Ghana Wildlife Society:ANKASA NATIONAL PARK (Accessed June 2014)|accessdate=2014-06-25|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130911160305/http://www.ghanawildlifesociety.org/page.php?page=209&section=32&typ=1&subs=|archivedate=2013-09-11}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ dị ihe dịka square kilomita 500, ma nwee oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rainforests.mongabay.com/|title=Rainforests|work=Mongabay.com|accessdate=2019-05-25}}</ref> Ankasa Mpaghara nchekwa bụ naanị ebe a na echebe anụ ọhịa na Ghana nke dị na mpaghara mmiri ozuzo na acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Tilahun|first=Mesfin|title=The Ankasa Forest Conservation Area of Ghana: Ecosystem service values and on-site REDD + opportunity cost|journal=Forest Policy and Economics|volume=73|pages=168–176|doi=10.1016/j.forpol.2016.08.011|year=2016}}</ref> Osimiri [[Ankasa River|Ankasa]], Nini, na [[Suhien River|Suhien]] niile na-agafe ogige ahụ, a makwaara ha maka ngwa ngwa na mmiri ha. Oké ọhịa ahụ nwere ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ọ bụla dị na Ghana, nwere ihe karịrị ụdị osisi vascular 800, ụdị urukurubụba 639, na ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 190.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hall|first=J. B.|date=1976|title=Classification and Ecology of Closed-Canopy Forest in Ghana|journal=Journal of Ecology|volume=64|issue=3|pages=913–951|doi=10.2307/2258816}}</ref> Ndụ anụmanụ gụnyere enyí, bongo, agụ owuru, chimpanzee, Diana enwe, na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/c/chimpanzee/|title=Chimpanzee {{!}} National Geographic|date=2011-05-10|work=Animals|accessdate=2019-05-25|archive-date=2016-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018065027/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/c/chimpanzee/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|accessdate=2019-05-25}}</ref> Ewezuga ogige ọhịa nke a họọrọ igbu osisi ruo 1976, ebe ndị ọzọ a na echebe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe mebiri emebi.<ref name=":0" /> Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ gụnyere ebe ezumike ndị nwere ebe mgbaba, ụlọ mposi, na mmiri na agba ọsọ yana ọtụtụ ebe maka ịnọdụ ala na inwe mkparịta ụka. [[Usòrò:Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_(16010557179).jpg|alt=|center|thumb|436x436px| Oké ọhịa Ankasa ]] == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061009013012/http://www.ghanatourism.gov.gh/regions/highlight_detail.asp?id=7&rdid=247 Ghana Ministry of Tourism - ebe nrụọrụ weebụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140959/http://www.ghanawildlifesociety.org/page.php?page=46&section=22&typ=1&subs= Ghana Wildlife Society (Nweta June 2014)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100716145423/http://apes.eva.mpg.de/apeswiki/index.php/Ankasa_Conservation_Area Ọnọdụ nke Nnukwu Apụl n'ógbè ahụ] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} bnymmyo97xtc7cwnvz8mybhmjzq6h7c 0 26394 727761 721530 2026-09-25T00:30:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Spyri_Heidi_Cover_1887.jpg|thumb|Heidi]] Heidi (/ˈhaɪdi /; German: ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụaka nke onye edemede [[Switzerland]] Johanna Spyri bipụtara n'etiti 1880 na 1881, e bu ụzọ buga ya akụkụ abụọ dị ka '''''Haidi''''': Her Years of Wandering and Learning (German) na Sheidis Lehr- und wanderjahre).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-rara.ch/sikjm/5320749|title=Heidi : her years of wandering and learning / translated from the german of Johanna Spyri by Louise Brooks : a story for children and those who love children|date=May 11, 1885}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-rara.ch/sikjm/5321162|title=Heidi : her years of wandering and learning / translated from the german of Johanna Spyri by Louise Brooks : a story for children and those who love children|date=May 11, 1885|work=www.e-rara.ch}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SmkZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 Helen Bennett Dole], translator of the 1899 edition</ref> Ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere ihe ndị mere na ndụ nwa agbọghọ dị afọ ise n'aka nna ya ochie nọ na Swiss Alps. E dere ya dị ka akwụkwọ "maka ụmụaka na ndị hụrụ ụmụ n'anya" (dịka e hotara site na ndepụta okwu). ''Heidi bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị a kacha ere nke edere na so na akwụkwọ ndị Switzerland kacha mara amara'' == Nkata == [[Usòrò:Heidi_Bild.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Nwanne nne Dete na-eme ngwa mgbe ọ hapụrụ Heidi ya ka nna ochie]] N'obodo Dörfli ('obere obodo' na Switzerland German), ụmụnne abụọ bi. Onye nke okenye mefuru akụ na ụba ezinụlọ ya n'ịṅụ mmanya na ịgba chaa chaa, ebe nke nta gbapụrụ ịga jee ozi n'Òtù Ndị Agha Ịtali na Naples. Mgbe ya na nwa nwoke, bụ Tobias lọghachiri, ndị obodo ahụ na-achụpụ ya ma mepụta asịrị banyere ndụ ya na Naples. A bịara mara nwoke ahụ dị ka The Alm-Uncle, ebe ọ na-ebi na nzuzo na ugwu Alm. Ụmụ agbọghọ ime obodo abụọ, Dete na Adelheid, mere enyi Tobias. Mgbe ha tolitere, Dete na-arụ ọrụ n'ime obodo Maienfeld, na Grisons, dị ka onye odibo họtel. Adelheid na Tobias lụrụ di ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ọkwá nkà. Ha nwere nwa nwanyị, aha ya bụ Adelheid mana a na-akpọkarị Heidi. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe Tobias nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ọrụ ma Adelheid nwụọ site na nkụda mmụọ. Alm-Uncle na-ejide nke a megide Chineke. Heidi bụ nne nne ya na Dete na Maienfeld zụlitere na mbụ. N’oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nne nne ya nwụsịrị, a na-enye Dete ezigbo ọrụ dị ka odibo na nnukwu obodo, wee kpọrọ Heidi dị afọ 5 gaa n’ụlọ nna nna ya, n’elu ugwu si Dörfli. Ya na ndị obodo ahụ na-ese okwu ma na-akpasu Chineke iwe kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ ma na-ebi na nzuzo na Alm, nke mere ka a kpọọ ya 'The Alm-Uncle'. Ọ na-ewe iwe n'ọbịbịa Heidi nkenke, mana ọgụgụ isi pụtara ìhè nke nwa agbọghọ ahụ na ọ joyụ ma ọ naghị emetụta ya n'oge na-adịghị anya ga-enweta ezi ịhụnanya, ma ọ bụrụ na edobere ya. Heidi ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi mee ndị agbata obi ọhụrụ ya, Peter the goatheroz na-eto eto, nne ya Brigitte, na Nne nna mbụ kpuru ìsì. Ka oge ọ bụla na-agafe, ndị bi n'elu ugwu ahụ, ọkachasị Peter na nne ya ochie, nwere mmasị karịa Heidi, ma ha. Otú ọ dị, nna ochie ahụ jụrụ ikwe ka Heidi gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma soro onye ụkọchukwu na nkụzi obodo nwee esemokwu, ndị gbalịrị ịgba ya ume ime otú a, n'ihi nke mere e ji bụrụkwa ihe maghị. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, Dete laghachiri ịkpọ Heidi gaa Frankfurt ka ọ bụrụ enyi nwanyị e goro ego nye otu nwa agbọghọ bara ọgaranya aha ya bụ Klara Sesemann, onye na-enweghị ike ịga ije ma were ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma. Ọ masịrị Klara mma site n'ịdị mfe enyi Heidi na nkọwa ya banyere ndụ na Alm, ọ na-atọkwa ya ụtọ n'ihe ọjọọ niile na-atọ ọchị nke amamihe Heidi na enweghị ahụmịhe na ndụ obodo wetara. Otú ọ dị, onye na-elekọta ụlọ nke Sesemanns, Fräulein Rottenmeier, na-ele ọgba aghara ezinụlọ anya dị ka omume ọjọọ na-adịghị mma, ma na-etinye Heidi nwere onwe ya n'okpuru ọtụtụ njide, machibido ya ikwu banyere Alps ma ọ bụ ịkwa ákwá maka ụlọ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Heidi na-agụsi Alm ike nke ukwuu, ma na-eto eto nke ukwuu na-acha uhie uhie ma dị gịrịgịrị. Otu ihe ntụgharị ya bụ ịmụta ịgụ na ide site na iji nchịkọta akụkọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ, nke nne nne Klara bụ Frau Sesemann kpaliri, onye gosipụtara ntụkwasị obi na ịhụnanya ya, ma na-agba ya ume ikwere na Chineke na ikpe ekpere. E mesịa Frau Sesemann nyere Heidi akwụkwọ ahụ.ahụ. jiri ịnụ ọkụ n'obi tụọ aro ka Klara leta Heidi, na-enwe obi ike na gburugburu ugwu na ezigbo mkpakọrịta ga-abara ya uru. Klara na-eme njem ahụ n'oge ọzọ wee soro Heidi na-anọkọ n'oge okpomọkụ mara mma, na-esiwanye ike na mmiri ara ewu na ikuku ugwu ọhụrụ. Ma Pita, bụ́ onye na-ekwo ekworo maka ọbụbụenyi Heidi na Klara, na-akwanye oche nkwagharị ya nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla gbadaa n'ugwu ahụ ka o bibie ya, n'agbanyeghị na n'oge na-adịghị anya obi amamikpe na-ama ya ikpe maka ihe o mere wee kwupụta ya. Na-enweghị oche nkwagharị ya, Klara enweghị nhọrọ ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị ịmụta ịga ije; ọ na-agbalị ime otú ahụ ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eme nke ọma. Ọ naghị esi ike nke ukwuu, na-adaberekarị na Heidi ma ọ bụ nna nna ka ọ guzoro ọtọ ma ghara ịdaba, mana ọ na-egosi njedebe oge ya dị ka onye owu na-ama na onye na-adịghị mma. Ọ tụrụ nne nne ya na nna ya n'anya ma nwee ọṅụ ịhụ Klara ka ọ na-ejegharị ọzọ. Ezinụlọ Sesemann kwere nkwa inye Heidi nlekọta na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụrụ na oge abịa mgbe nna nna ya enweghịzi ike ime ya. == Ihe odide == * Heidi: Nwa agbọghọ na-aṅụrị ọṅụ ma nweere onwe ya nke ghọrọ nwa mgbei dị ka nwata. Na mbido akụkọ ahụ, ọ dị afọ ise. Heidi hụrụ nna ya n'anya na ịma mma na ikuku dị ọcha nke Ugwu. Naanị Fräulein Rottenmeier na-akpọ ya aha "Adelheid", n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Adelaide".Nn * Nna nna: Nna nna Heidi, onye naanị ya na-akpa ike bi n'otu ọnụ ụlọ dị n'elu ugwu. Site na ndị ọzọ karịa Heidi kpọrọ na ntụgharị ụfọdụ "Uncle Alp". * * * a nna: Nne nne Heidi, onye na-anọ naanị ya nke bi n'otu ụlọ dị elu karịa ugwu. Site n'aka ndị ọzọ karịa Heidi na-akpọ ụfọdụ nsụgharị "Uncle Alp". * Adelheid: Nne Heidi. Ọ nwụrụ site na ahụ ọkụ n'oge na-adịghị anya di ya Tobias nwụsịrị. A na-asụ "Adelaide" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ. * Tobias: Nna Heidi bụ onye e gburu site n'osisi dara mgbe Haidi dị obere. * Dete: Nwanne nne Heidi nke na-achọ naanị ọdịmma onwe ya ma bụrụ onye enweghị mmetụta, nwanne nwanyị Nne Heidi. Heidi sooro ya biri mgbe nne na nna ya nwụsịrị. Dete nwere njikọ na nna ochie (ya na nne nwanne ya nwanyị Adelheid bụ ụmụnne nwoke). A na-asụ "Deta" ma ọ bụ "Detie" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ. * Peter: Onye na-azụ ewu nke ya na nne ochie bi n'otu ụlọ elu dị n'ugwu ahụ bụ ihe e ji mara obodo Dörfli nakwa ebe nna Heidi biri. Ọ dị afọ iri na otu ná mmalite akụkọ ahụ. * Brigitte: Nne Peter. A na-asụ "Brigitta" ma ọ bụ "Mgbapụta" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ. * Grannie: Nne nne Peter kpuru ìsì. Heidi na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya n'ebe ọ nọ. * Klara Sesemann: Nwa agbọghọ na-adịghị ike nke enweghị ike ịga ije. Nne ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị obere. Nna ya na-apụkarị njem azụmahịa. Ọ bi n'otu nnukwu ezinụlọ ya na ndị ọrụ nọ na Frankfurt ma dị afọ iri na abụọ mgbe Heidi nke gbara afọ asatọ bịara soro ya biri. A na-asụ "Clara" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ. * Herr Sesemann: Nna Klara, onye ọchụnta ego na-aga nke ọma nke na-eme njem mgbe niile. Na nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Mr Sesemann". * Frau Sesemann: Site na Klara na Heidi kpọrọ "Grandmamma". Nne Herr Sesemann na nne ochie Klara. Ọ bụ nwanyị nwere obiọma ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgba Heidi ume ịmụta ịgụ akwụkwọ. Na nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Mrs Sesemann". * Dọkịta Classen: Enyi nke Herr Sesemann. * Fräulein Rottenmeier: Onye na-elekọta ụlọ siri ike ma dị mpako n'ụlọ Herr Sesemann nke na-emegide Heidi. Na nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Miss Rottenmeier". * Sebastian: Onye na-eje ozi n'ezinụlọ Sesemann. * Tinette: Nwata na-eje ozi n'ezinụlọ Sesemann. == Nsụgharị == '''Bekee''': A sụgharịrị nsụgharị iri na atọ n'etiti 1882 na 1959, site n'aka ndị ntụgharị Britain, Helen B. Dole, H.A. Melcon, Helene S. White, Marian Edwardes, Elisabeth P. Stork, Mabel Abbott, Philip Schuyler Allen, Shirley Watkins, M. Rosenbaum, Eileen Hall, na Joy Law.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13614541.2010.495568|title=Heidi in English: A Bibliographic Study|first=Susan|author=Stan|date=March 31, 2010|journal=New Review of Children's Literature and Librarianship|volume=16|issue=1|pages=1–23|doi=10.1080/13614541.2010.495568}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2010, naanị nsụgharị Brooks, Edwardes na Hall ka dị.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/13614541.2010.495568|title=Heidiin English: A Bibliographic Study|year=2010|author=Stan|first=Susan|journal=New Review of Children's Literature and Librarianship|volume=16|pages=1–23}}</ref> == Mgbanwe == === Ihe nkiri na telivishọn === E meela ihe nkiri iri abụọ na ise ma ọ bụ telivishọn nke akụkọ mbụ ahụ. Ihe nkiri ''Heidi'' na-ewu ewu n'ebe dị iche iche, bụrụ nnukwu ihe egwu, usoro animated nke [[Japan]] ghọkwara akara ngosi n'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa. Nanị ihe nkiri telivishọn na-eme emepụta nke ndị Japan iji ruo n'asụsụ Bekee bụ fim a kpọrọ ogologo oge site na ịhazi usoro kachasị mkpa, wepụtara na vidiyo na United States na 1985. Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ mbụ ahụ kọwara Heidi dị ka onye nwere ntutu isi ojii, nke siri ike, a na-egosikarị ya dịka ọbara. Ụdị akụkọ ahụ gụnyere: * <nowiki><i id="mwYQ">Heidi</i></nowiki>, [[Film|ihe nkiri]] na-agagharị agafe nke 1937 nke Shirley Temple gosipụtara n'ọrụ aha. * Heidi, ihe nkiri nke 1952 na Swiss German na Germany, nke Luigi Comencini duziri, ya bụ Elsbeth Sigmund (nke e mere n'ebe dị iche na Switzerland), ma soro ọzọ mee ihe mosusu, ''Heidi'' and Peter, na 1955, nke Franz Schnyder duziri. * Do Phool, a 1958 Indian [[Hindi]]-language family drama film adaptation by [[A. R. Kardar]], starring [[Nwa Naaz|Baby Naaz]] in the role of Poornima (Heidi). * ''Heidi'', usoro ihe nkiri BBC TV nke nwere akụkụ isii na 1959 ebe Sara O'Connor nọ n'ọkwa ahụ, ya na Mark Dignam dị ka nna nne ya na Lesley Judd bụ Klara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8d3dbd53d8d342b2aa9d0de3d07487e3|title=Children's Television: Heidi: 1: Up the Mountain|journal=[[Radio Times]]|issue=1853|pages=14|date=15 May 1959|archive-date=19 October 2016|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019084427/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8d3dbd53d8d342b2aa9d0de3d07487e3|url-status=dead}}</ref> * <nowiki><i id="mweA">Heidi</i></nowiki>, ihe nkiri Austrian nke 1965, nke Werner Jacobs duziri. * <nowiki><i id="mwfA">Heidi</i></nowiki>, ihe nkiri telivishọn nke 1968 nke Jennifer Edwards na Maximilian Schell na Michael Redgrave gosipụtara. Nke a bụ mbipụta nke ghọrọ ihe ọjọọ maka ịkwụsị egwuregwu bọọlụ America nke e gbasaa n'otu ụbọchị ahụ (Nọvemba 17) na NBC. Egwuregwu dị n'etiti Oakland Raiders na New York Jets ka e wepụrụ nkeji ole na ole tupu njedebe nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe o yiri ka ọ ga-abụrịta ndị jets meriri. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nkwụsị ahụ gasịrị, ndị Raiders laghachiri ma merie Jets na-ekiri TV n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ebe a gafere mmechi. Ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn gosipụtara akara ikpeazụ (Oakland na-emeri 43ʹ32) n'oge ihe nkiri ahụ, nke mere ka ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ kpụ ọkụ. Ihe omume a dugara na iwu nke ịghara ịkwụsị mgbasa ozi egwuregwu bọọlụ ruo mgbe ha mechara. Egwuregwu ahụ agbadatawo na akụkọ bọọlụ ọkachamara dị ka "The Heidi Game" ma ọ bụ "Headi Bowl". * ''Heidi'', Girl of the Alps, usoro ihe nkiri anime nke Japan na 1974 nke Isao Takahata duziri maka Zuiyo Eizo (mgbe e mesịrị, Nippon Animation), aha ya bụ n'asụsụ dị iche iche. A chịkọtara ya n'ime ihe nkiri Bekee akpọrọ The Story of Heidi . * ''Heidi'', usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Switzerland / Germany nke dị na 1978, Katia Polletin bụ onye isi ya, nke a kpọrọ n'asụsụ dị iche iche, gụnyere Bekee.<ref name="Heidi1983">{{Cite news|title=Thursday TV BBC1 – Heidi|url=https://twitter.com/woodg31/status/1303400534687338496/photo/4|publisher=Radio Times|date=September 8, 1983|accessdate=September 8, 2020}}</ref> * The New Adventures of Heidi (1978), nke Ralph Senensky duziri. * Heidi's Song (1982), ihe nkiri egwu America nke Hanna-Barbera mepụtara. * Courage Mountain, ihe nkiri America nke 1990 ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye sochiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Johanna Spyri bụ ''Heidi'', nke Christopher Leitch duziri. * Heidi, ihe nkiri telivishọn America nke nwere akụkụ abụọ site na 1993, Noley Thornton dị ka ''Heidi''. Ndị so na ya gụnyere Jane Seymour dị ka Miss Rottenmeier, Jason Robards dịka Grandfather na Lexi Randall bụ Klara. * <nowiki><i id="mwpg">Heidi</i></nowiki>, ihe nkiri animated nke afọ 1995. * <nowiki><i id="mwqQ">Heidi</i></nowiki>, ihe nkiri animated nke afọ 2005. * <nowiki><i id="mwrA">Heidi</i></nowiki>, ihe nkiri na-eme n'afọ 2005 nke Paul Marcus duziri, onye Irish bụ nwa amaala Emma Bolger so mee ya. * ''Heidi'', usoro telivishọn Switzerland-French-Spanishi na Czech nke afọ 2007 mere n'oge a. Elodie Bollée dị ka onye nọ ná iri na ụma bụ Sheidi . * ''Heidi 4'' Paws, ihe na-atọ ọchị nke 2008 gosipụtara nkịta ndị nwere olu [[Angela Lansbury]]. * ''Heidi'', CGI remake nke 1974 anime usoro mepụtara na 2015, mere site Studio 100 Animation, otu ndị ahụ rụrụ ''Maya'' the Bee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.studio100.tv/activities/animation/|title=Animation|work=Studio100.tv|quote=Studio 100 is producing a new CGI format animated series of Heidi, which will be delivered for broadcast in 2015. It has been sold to more than 100 countries and coincides with the 40th anniversary of the classic 2D series. Johanna Spyri wrote the first Heidi books back in 1880; since then more than 50 million books have been translated into 50 languages worldwide.|accessdate=2023-05-18|archivedate=2017-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927115002/http://www.studio100.tv/activities/animation/}}</ref> * ''Heidi'', ihe nkiri na-eme eme nke Switzerland n'afọ 2015 nke Alain Gsponer duziri. * Heidi, bienvenida a casa, a 2017 telenovela from Argentina. === Ihe nkiri === Egwú ''Heidi'' nke Francois Toerien, egwu Mynie Grové na okwu ndị ọzọ Esther von Waltsleben gosipụtara na South Africa na Klein Karoo National Arts Festival n'afọ 2016. N'ịbụ nke Toerien duziri na nduzi egwu site n'aka Dawid Boverhoff, mmepụta ahụ gosipụtara Tobie Cronjé (Rottenmeier), David Minnaar (Sesemann), Albert Maritz (Nna Ukwu), [[Ilse Klink]] (Nwanne nwanyị Dete) Karli Heine (Heidi), Lynelle Kenned (Klara), Dean Balie (Peter), Jill Middlekop na Marlo Minnair. Ọ bụ Hansie Visagie mepụtara ụmụ bebi maka mmepụta ahụ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170502213914/http://kosie.biz/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=38&Itemid=207 "The story behind the legend of Sweeney Todd"]. ''Kosie House of Theatre''. Retrieved on October 22, 2016.</ref> A na-eme ihe nkiri egwu nke ''Heidi'' of the Mountain (egwú na okwu Claude Watt, akwụkwọ Claude na Margaret Watt) na Sidney, BC, Canada site n'aka Ugwu Dream Productions, gosipụtara ya na 2007 na Charlie White Theatre, ma mee ọzọ ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peninsulanewsreview.com/entertainment/kids-bring-heidi-to-charlie-white/|title=Kids bring Heidi to Charlie White|date=25 January 2012|work=Peninsula News Review|author=Reeuwyck|first=Christine|language=en-US|accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> Ihe nkiri 2007 bụ Claude Watt (Nna nna), Margaret Watt (Rottenmeier), Rianne Craig (Heidi) na Katrina Brindle (Klara). === Egwuregwu kọmputa === E weputara egwuregwu kọmputa Heidi abụọ maka ngwaọrụ mkpanaka, nke kachasị ọhụrụ bụ ''Heidi'': Mountain Adventures. Egwuregwu abụọ ahụ dabere na usoro TV Studio 100 nke 2015 ma bụrụ maka ụmụaka, yana ihe mmụta na ọtụtụ obere egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bunnygaming.com/news/mobile/heidi-mountain-adventures-released/|title=Mobile: Explore the Swiss Alps in Heidi: Mountain Adventures|work=Bunny Gaming|accessdate=June 1, 2019|archivedate=July 3, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703140807/https://bunnygaming.com/news/mobile/heidi-mountain-adventures-released/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/pressreleases/345659/Explore_the_Swiss_Alps_in_Heidi_Mountain_Adventures.php|title=Explore the Swiss Alps in Heidi: Mountain Adventures!|work=[[Gamasutra]]|accessdate=June 1, 2019|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629080608/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/pressreleases/345659/Explore_the_Swiss_Alps_in_Heidi_Mountain_Adventures.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Heidiland == [[Usòrò:Karte_Gemeinde_Maienfeld.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|294x294px|Maienfeld, isi obodo dị na Heidiland]] Heidiland, nke akpọrọ aha akwụkwọ Sheidi, bụ ebe njem nleta dị mkpa na Switzerland, ọkachasị ndị Japan na Korea.<ref name="abend" /> Maienfeld bụ etiti nke a na-akpọ Heidiland; otu n'ime obodo nta, nke a na-akpọbu Oberrofels, ka akpọrọ "Heididorf" aha.<ref name="beattie">{{Cite book|author=Beattie|first=Andrew|title=The Alps: a cultural history|publisher=Oxford UP|year=2006|location=Oxford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dm7MK6qHL_oC&pg=PA142|isbn=978-0-19-530955-3}}</ref><ref name="simonis">{{Cite book|author=Simonis|first=Damien|title=Switzerland|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CIiItGuisoC&pg=PA274|isbn=978-1-74059-762-3}}</ref> Heidiland dị n'ógbè a na-akpọ Bündner Herrschaft; A katọrọ ya dịka "ihe ọchị, ihe eji eme ụmụaka" na "Ihe atụ doro anya nke hyperreality".<ref name="abend">{{Cite book|author=Abend|first=Bernhard|title=Schweiz|publisher=Baedeker|year=2006|pages=145–46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JTqNwBa58xAC&pg=PT146|isbn=978-3-8297-1071-8}}</ref><ref name="Solomon">{{Cite book|author=Solomon|first=Michael R.|title=Conquering consumerspace: marketing strategies for a branded world|publisher=Amacom|year=2006|location=Broadway|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBej3cFqSSAC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-0-8144-0741-7}}</ref> == Ihe Ndị Na-eso ya == === Akwụkwọ === N'agbata afọ 1933 na 1955, ụlọ ọrụ [[France]] Flammarion bipụtara mbipụta ọhụrụ nke ''Heidi'' tinyere usoro ihe omume mbụ. N'agbanyeghị na e bipụtara ha niile n'okpuru aha Johanna Spyri, akwụkwọ ndị a edeghị ma ọ bụ kwado ya site na onye nsụgharị French ya, Charles Tritten si ọrụ ya ọzọ mee ihe na 1930s na 1940s, ọtụtụ afọ mgbe o nwụsịrị, ebe nke ikpeazụ ka Nathalie Gala kwuru.<ref>[http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/heidi-au-pays-des-romands/1889318 Heidi au pays des Romands]; swissinfo.ch</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=EldTFsP8AZkC&dq=%22Au+Pays+de+Heidi%22+tritten&pg=PA1029 Bibliographie französischer Übersetzungen aus dem Deutschen; Bibliographie de traductions françaises d'auteurs de langue allemande]; by L. Bihl, K. Epting. Walter de Gruyter, 1987</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.fr/livres/chercher|title=Trouver vos livres sur AbeBooks|work=AbeBooks France (FR)}}</ref> Usoro a nwere ngụkọta nke akwụkwọ 7, 2 sụgharịrị site na ọrụ Spyris na 5 mbụ. Naanị abụọ n'ime ha ka e bipụtara na Bekee. # ''Heidi Akụkọ magburu onwe ya banyere nwa agbọghọ si n'ugwu'' (1933), nsụgharị nke mpịakọta Heidi mbụ (''Heidis'' Lehr- und Wanderjahre). # ''Heidi'' grandit (1934), ntụgharị nke mpịakọta abụọ ya (''Heidi'' kann тарма, bụ es gelernt hat) na mgbakwunye nke njedebe mbụ site n'aka Charles Tritten, nke mara ọkwa njem ndị ọzọ ''heidi''. # Heidi Grows Up (''Headi'' jeune fille, 1936) nke Charles Tritten. Ọ na-agbaso afọ iri na ụma Heidi. # Au pays de Heidi (1938) nke Charles Tritten. Echiche nke obodo Heidi dị ka ụfọdụ ndị bi na ya hụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Au pays de Heidi - Johanna Spyri|url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Spyri-Au-pays-de-Heidi/269076|accessdate=2023-02-03|work=Babelio|language=fr}}</ref> # ''Heidi's'' Children (Heidi et ses enfants, 1939) nke Charles Tritten. Banyere ntolite Heidi na Peter na ụmụ ha. # Heidi grandzner (1941) nke Charles Tritten dere. Banyere afọ ndị ikpeazụ Heidi na ụmụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Heidi Grand'mère|url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/19160977-heidi-grand-mere|accessdate=2023-02-03|work=Goodreads|language=en}}</ref> # Le sourire de Heidi (1955) nke Nathalie Gala.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Spyri|first=Johanna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIUIkAEACAAJ|title=Le Sourire de Heidi: Adaptation de Nathalie Gara. Illustrations de André Pec|date=1955|publisher=Flammarion|language=fr}}</ref> Akụkọ ọhụrụ mere ọzọ n'oge Heidi bụ nwata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le sourire de Heidi - Johanna Spyri|url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Spyri-Le-sourire-de-Heidi/238996|accessdate=2023-02-03|work=Babelio|language=fr}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ''Heidi'' mbụ na Tritten. Ndị a gụnyere; * Heidi, akụkọ mbụ nke Spyri dere, na-egosi ndụ dị mfe nke ''Heidi'' jupụtara n'ịhụnanya miri emi maka ụmụaka. Spyri kwuru na ọrụ ahụ bụ "maka ụmụaka na ndị hụrụ ụmụ n'anya". Ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi Heidi n'ụzọ dị iche, ka ọ na-etolite ma lụọ di. * A kọwara Heidi n'akwụkwọ mbụ, ''Heidi'', dị ka onye nwere "ntutu isi ojii", mgbe ọ nọ ihe dịka afọ ise ruo asatọ. Na ''Heidi'' Grows Up, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, ntutu isi ya ogologo, kwụ ọtọ ma mara mma. * Na ụfọdụ mbipụta Bekee nke ''Heidi'', a na-asụgharị aha ewu ahụ n'asụsụ bọọlụ (Little Swan and Little Bear), ebe nsụgharị ndị ọzọ jiri aha Swiss-German mbụ ha mee ihe, Schwanli na Baerli. Na ''Heidi'' Grows Up, ọ bụ naanị aha Schwanli na Baerli ka a maara. === Ihe nkiri === N'afọ 1990, ndị na-ede ihe nkiri Weaver Webb na Fred & Mark Brogger, na onye nduzi Christopher Leitch, mepụtara Courage Mountain, nke Charlie Sheen na Juliette Caton gosipụtara dị ka Heidi. A na-akpọ ya ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka akụkọ Spyri, ọ bụ anachronistic n'ihi na o gosipụtara Heidi dịka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu nke a kpọrọ akwụkwọ mbụ (ebe Hadi gbara naanị afọ ise) e bipụtara na 1881. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010, onye ọkà mmụta Switzerland aha ya bụ Peter Otto Büttner, kpughere akwụkwọ nke odeakwụkwọ German de:Hermann Adam von Kamp dere na 1830. Akụkọ 1830 akpọrọ "''Adelaide'': The Girl from the Alps" (German)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hna.de/welt/heidi-zeichner-isao-takahata-ist-tot-wo-kommt-heidi-her-9756166.html|title=Heidi-Zeichner ist tot: Woher das Zeichentrick-Mädchen kommt und was aus ihm geworden ist|date=2018-04-06}}</ref> Akụkọ abụọ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya na akụkọ ifo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/switzerland/7653092/Swiss-Heidi-may-in-fact-be-German.html|title=Swiss Heidi may in fact be German|date=2010-04-29|author=Squires|first=by Nick}}</ref> Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Spyri de:Regine Schindler kwuru na ọ gafere omume kpamkpam ka Spyri maara banyere isiokwu ahụ mgbe o tolitere n'ezinụlọ nwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. == Nnakwere == [[Usòrò:Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2001-CHF-50-obverse.png|thumb|Heidi na mkpụrụ ego ncheta CHF 50 Switzerland, 2001]] A katọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ, ọbụlagodi n'oge ya, maka ọnọdụ okpukpe ọ na-agbaso omenala, ma mesịa bụrụ ihe ngosi ojii na ọcha nke ndị isi awọ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118616455.html|title=Neue Deutsche Biographie, Band 24|year=2010}}</ref> Na Japan, kemgbe nsụgharị Japanese mbụ ya na 1906, akwụkwọ ahụ enweela mmetụta n'ozuzu nke Switzerland maka ndịJapanese, ọkachasị ndị njem nleta ya, ọtụtụ mmadụ gara ogige Heidi. == Hụkwa ==   * 2521 Heidi (otu asteroid aha ya bụ ''Heidi'') * Ndị Alpine na omenala * Alpine transhumance (omume ọdịnala nke ịkwaga ìgwè atụrụ na-ata ahịhịa n'etiti ndagwurugwu oge oyi na ebe a ga-azụ anụ ọhịa) * Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Alps * Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Switzerland {{Clear}} == Ihe odide == <references responsive="0"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 41br9awyqtf5t6btfsitd8fp6b5j3aa 0 26448 727769 721559 2026-09-25T00:58:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Hidden Figures|image=[[Usòrò:Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA,_in_1966.jpg|thumb|Hidden Figures]]|caption=Theatrical release poster|director=[[Theodore Melfi]]|producers={{Plainlist| * [[Donna Gigliotti]] * [[Peter Chernin]] * [[Jenno Topping]] * [[Pharrell Williams]] * Theodore Melfi }}|screenplay={{Plainlist| * [[Allison Schroeder]] * Theodore Melfi }}|based_on={{based on|''[[Hidden Figures (book)|Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race]]''|[[Margot Lee Shetterly]]}}|starring={{Plainlist| * [[Taraji P. Henson]] * [[Octavia Spencer]] * [[Janelle Monáe]] * [[Kevin Costner]] * [[Kirsten Dunst]] * [[Jim Parsons]] * [[Mahershala Ali]] * [[Aldis Hodge]] * [[Glen Powell]]<!--PER BILLING--> }}|music={{Plain list| * [[Hans Zimmer]] * Pharrell Williams * [[Benjamin Wallfisch]] }}|cinematography=[[Mandy Walker]]|editing=[[Peter Teschner]]|studio={{Plainlist| * [[Fox 2000 Pictures]] * [[Chernin Entertainment]] * Levantine Films }}|distributor=[[20th Century Fox]]|released={{film date|2016|12|10|[[School of Visual Arts|SVA Theatre]]|2016|12|25|United States}}|runtime=127 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 126:37--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/hidden-figures-film|title=''Hidden Figures''|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=December 10, 2016|archive-date=December 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211151945/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/hidden-figures-film|url-status=dead}}</ref>|country=United States|language=English|budget=$25 million<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldrich|first=Robert|title=Fall 2016 Director's Profile: Ted Melfi|url=https://www.shootonline.com/news/fall-2016-directors-profile-ted-melfi|website=[[Shoot (advertising magazine)|Shoot]]|access-date=December 22, 2016}}</ref>|gross=$236.2 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hiddenfigures.htm|title=Hidden Figures (2016)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref>}} Hidden Figures bụ '''''ihe''''' nkiri akụkọ ndụ nke America na 2016 nke Theodore Melfi duziri ma bụrụkwa onye melphi na Allison Schroeder dere. Ọ dabeere na akwụkwọ 2016 nke Margot Lee Shetterly dere banyere ụmụ nwanyị atọ American mathematicians: Katherine Goble Johnson (Taraji P. Henson), Dorothy Vaughan (Octavia Spencer), na Mary Jackson (Janelle Monáe), bụ ndị rụrụ ọrụ na NASA n'oge space Race . Ndị ọzọ na-agụnye Kevin Costner, Kirsten Dunst, Jim Parsons, Mahershala Ali, Aldis Hodge, na Glen Powell. Isi foto malitere na March 2016 na Atlanta, Georgia wee kechie ya na May 2016. Ebe ndị ọzọ na-ese foto gụnyere ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ na Georgia, gụnyere East Point, Canton, Monroe, Columbus, na Madison.Isi foto malitere na Machị 2016 na Atlanta, Georgia ma mechie ya na Mee 2016. Ebe ndị ọzọ a na-ese ihe nkiri gụnyere me National Board of Review họọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka otu n'ime fim iri kachasị elu nke 2016 ma nata onyinye na nhọpụta dị iche iche, gụnyere ntuli aka atọ na 89th Academy Awards, tinyere Best Picture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/2016/|title=National Board of Review Announces 2016 Award Winners|publisher=[[National Board of Review]]|date=November 29, 2016|accessdate=November 29, 2016}}</ref> Ọ nwetakwara ihe nrite Screen Actors Guild Award maka arụmọrụ dị ịrịba ama site na ndị a ga-eme n'ihe nkiri == Nkata == Katherine Johnson na-arụ ọrụ na Langley Research Center dị na Hampton, Virginia, n'afọ 1961, ya na ndị otu ibe ya Mary Jackson na Dorothy Vaughan, dịka "kọmputa" ala, na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ enweghị ihe a gwara ha bụ. Ha niile bụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America; a na-ekewapụ ha site n'agbụrụ na okike. Onye nlekọta White Vivian Mitchell nyere Katherine aka inyere Al Harrison's Space Task Group, n'ihi nkà ya na geometry nyocha. Ọ na-aghọ nwanyị ojii mbụ na otu; Onye isi injinia Paul Stafford na-achụpụkarị ya E kenyere Mary na ndị otu okpomọkụ capsule space, ebe ọ chọpụtara ozugbo ntụpọ imewe. N'ịbụ onye ndú otu ya bụ Karl Zielinski, onye Polish-Jewist nke Holocaust lanarịrị gbara ume ka ọ bụrụ injinia NASA. Mitchell gwara ya na, n'agbanyeghị nzere mgbakọ na mwepụ nke sayensị anụ ahụ ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ọzọ. Mary tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa maka ikike ịga ụlọ ọrụ sekọndrị Hampton nke ndị ọcha niile, n'agbanyeghị mmegide di ya. N'ịkpọku ikpe ya n'ụlọikpe, ọ meriri onye ọka iwu obodo site na ịrịọ arịrịokwu banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọma, ikwe ka o gaa klas abalị. Katherine zutere African-American National Guard Lt. Col. Jim Johnson, onye na-ekwupụta obi abụọ banyere ikike mgbakọ nke ụmụ nwanyị. O mechara rịọ mgbaghara ma malite iso Katherine na ụmụ ya nwanyị atọ nọrọ. Ndị na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe Mercury 7 gara Langley, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ John Glenn gbakwara mbọ ikele ụmụ nwanyị West Area. Katherine na-amasị Harrison site n'idozi usoro mgbakọ nke ọma dị mgbagwoju anya sitere na akwụkwọ ndị edepụtara, ka Soviet Union si malite Yuri Gagarin mee ihe ịga nke ọma iji zipụ ndị America nọ mu mbara igwe. Harrison na-agwa Katherine okwu banyere "ịgbapụ" ya, n'amaghị ete a manyere ya ịga ije ọkara kilomita (800 mita) iji jiri ụlọ ịsa ahụ kacha nso e kenyere ndị mmadụ. O ji iwe kọwaa ịkpa ókè ọ na-eche ihu n'ọrụ, nke mere ka Harrison kụtuo akara "Ụlọ Ịsa ahụ Na-acha Ọcha" ma wepụ ikewapụta ụlọ mposi. Ọ na-enye ohere ka a tinye Katherine n'ime nzukọ dị elu iji gbakọọ ebe capsule ahụ batara. Stafford mere ka Katherine wepụ aha ya na akụkọ, na-ekwusi ike na "kọmputa" enweghị ike ide ha, a makwaara ọrụ ya naanị maka Stafford. N'ịbụ onye Mitchell gwara na ọ nweghị atụmatụ ịnye "onye nlekọta oge niile maka otu ndị nwere àgwà," Dorothy mụtara ka NASA etinyela kọmputa eletrọniki IBM 7090 nke yiri egwu iji dochie anya kọmpụta mmadụ. Mgbe onye na-elekọta ọ́bá akwụkwọ baara ya mba maka ileta ngalaba ndị ọcha, Dorothy weere otu puku banyere Fortran ma kụziere onwe ha ihe omume nke West Area. Ọ gara n'ụlọ kọmputa, malite igwe ahụ nke ọma, a kwalite ya ka ọ na-elekọta Ngalaba Nhazi; o kwetara ime otú e si ebufee iri atọ ndị ọrụ ibe ya. Mitchell mechara kpọọ ya "Mrs. Vaughan". N'ime ndokwa ikpeazụ maka mmalite John Glenn, ngalaba ahụ anaghịzi achọ kọmputa mmadụ; e zigara Katherine na West Area ma lụọ Jim. N'ụbọchị a malitere ya, enwere ọdịiche na ngụkọta IBM 7090, ma gwa Katherine ka ọ lelee akara mbata nke capsule. Ọ na-ebute nsonaazụ n'ime ụlọ nchịkwa, Harrison hapụrụ ya ka ọ banye. Mgbe a na-agbapụ ya nke ọma ma jiri ọgba gburugburu, ịdọ aka ná ntị na-egosi ihe mgbochi okpomọkụ capsule nwere ike ịda. Mission Control kpebiri ịdakwasị Glenn mgbe atọ orbit kama asaa, Katherine kwadoro aro Harrison ka ọ hapụ retro-rocket agbakwunyere iji nyere aka mee ka ihe mgbochi okpomọkụ dị n'ọnọdụ. Enyi na enyi 7 nwere ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ bụ ezie na kọmputa eletrọniki mechara dochie ndị mgbakọ na mwepụ, ederede epilogue kpughere Mary nwetara nzere injinia ya wee bụrụ nwanyị mbụ African-American engineer nke NASA; Dorothy gara n'ihu dị ka onye nlekọta Africa America nke NASA; Stafford nabatara Katherine, dịka otu odeakwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, gaa n'ihu gbakọọ ụzọ maka ọrụ Apollo 11 na Space Shuttle. N'afọ 2015, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke nnwere onwe onye. N'afọ 2016, NASA raara ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke Langley nye Katherine Johnson Computational Building iji sọpụrụ ya. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==   == Mmepụta == N'afọ 2015, onye na-emepụta Donna Gigliotti nwetara akwụkwọ Margot Lee Shetterly nke a kpọrọ Hidden Figures, banyere otu ụmụ nwanyị Black ndị ọkà mgbakọ na mwepụ nyeere NASA aka imeri Space Race.<ref name="Jul2015D">{{Cite news|author=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|title=Ted Melfi & Fox 2000 In Talks For 'Hidden Figures'; How A Group Of Math-Savvy Black Women Helped NASA Win Space Race|url=https://deadline.com/2015/07/ted-melfi-hidden-figures-black-women-mathematicians-help-nasa-win-space-race-fox-2000-1201473028/|accessdate=March 26, 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=July 9, 2015}}</ref> Allison Schroeder dere edemede ahụ, nke Gigliotti mepụtara site na Levantine Films. Schroeder tolitere na Cape Canaveral ma nne le nna ya ochie rụrụ ọrụ na NASA, ebe ọ rụkwara akwụkwọ dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma.<ref name="creativescreenwriting.com">{{Cite news|author=McKittrick|first=Christopher|title=Hidden Figures: "A Mathematical Juggling Act"|url=https://creativescreenwriting.com/hidden-figures/|accessdate=February 1, 2017|work=creativescreenwriting.com|date=February 1, 2017}}</ref> Levantine Films mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na Peter Chernin's Chernin Entertainment. Fox 2000 Pictures nwetara ikike ihe nkiri ahụ, Theodore Melfi bịanyere aka na iduzi.<ref name="Jul2015D" /> Mgbe ọ batara n'ụgbọ ahụ, Melfi dezigharịrị edemede Schroeder, ma lekwasị anya karịsịa na ịhazi ndụ ụlọ nke ndị isi atọ ahụ na ọrụ ha na NASA.<ref name="creativescreenwriting.com" /> Mgbe a mara ọkwa mmepe nke ihe nkiri ahụ, ndị na-eme egwuregwu e weere ka ha ga-eduzi ọrụ gụnyere [[Oprah Winfrey]], Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, na Taraji P. Henson.<ref name="Jul2015D" /> Chernin na Jenno Topping mepụtara, tinyere Gigliotti na Melfi.<ref name="Feb2016V">{{Cite news|author=McNary|first=Dave|title=Taraji P. Henson to Play Math Genius in New Film 'Hidden Figures'|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/taraji-p-henson-hidden-figures-katherine-johnson-1201702679/|accessdate=March 27, 2016|work=Variety|date=February 10, 2016}}</ref> Fox tụbara Henson ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke mgbakọ na mwepụ Katherine Goble Johnson. A họpụtara Spencer ka ọ bụrụ Dorothy Vaughan, otu n'ime ndị isi mgbakọ na mwepụ atọ dị na NASA.<ref name="SpencerCast">{{Cite news|author=Kroll|first=Justin|title=Octavia Spencer to Play Mathematician Opposite Taraji P. Henson in 'Hidden Figures' (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/octavia-spencer-taraji-p-henson-mathematicians-hidden-figures-1201708407/|accessdate=March 27, 2016|work=Variety|date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> A tụbara Kevin Costner na ihe nkiri ahụ ka ọ bụrụ onye isi akụkọ ifo nke mmemme mbara igwe.<ref name="CostnerCast">{{Cite news|author=Kroll|first=Justin|title=Kevin Costner Joins Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer in 'Hidden Figures' (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/kevin-costner-hidden-figures-taraji-henson-octavia-spencer-1201718423/|accessdate=March 27, 2016|work=Variety|date=March 1, 2016}}</ref> Onye na-agụ egwu Janelle Monáe bịanyere aka n'ịkpọ onye nke atọ, Mary Jackson.<ref name="MonaeCast">{{Cite news|author=Sneider|first=Jeff|title=Janelle Monae Joins Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer in Fox 2000's 'Hidden Figures' (Exclusive)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/janelle-monae-joins-taraji-p-henson-octavia-spencer-in-fox-2000s-hidden-figures-exclusive/|accessdate=March 27, 2016|work=TheWrap|date=March 7, 2016}}</ref> A tụbara Kirsten Dunst, Glen Powell, na Mahershala Ali n'ihe nkiri ahụ: Powell ga-eme onye astronaut John Glenn, na Ali dị ka mmasị ịhụnanya Johnson.<ref name="ParsonsCast">{{Cite news|author=Busch|first=Anita|title=Jim Parsons Joins Ted Melfi's 'Hidden Figures' For Fox 2000|url=https://deadline.com/2016/04/jim-parsons-hidden-figures-movie-big-bang-theory-1201729806/|accessdate=April 2, 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 1, 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref name="DunstCast">{{Cite news|author=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|title=Kirsten Dunst Joins Ted Melfi-Directed 'Hidden Figures' At Fox 2000|url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/kirsten-dunst-hidden-figures-nasa-female-mathematicians-ted-melfi-fox-2000-1201718654/|accessdate=March 27, 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 11, 2016|archive-date=March 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325035742/http://deadline.com/2016/03/kirsten-dunst-hidden-figures-nasa-female-mathematicians-ted-melfi-fox-2000-1201718654/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Mar2016D">{{Cite news|author=Busch|first=Anita|title=Ted Melfi's 'Hidden Figures' Adds Glen Powell & Mahershala Ali|url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/hidden-figures-movie-mahershala-ali-glen-powell-cast-1201720799/|accessdate=March 27, 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 15, 2016}}</ref> Isi foto malitere na Machị 2016 na campus nke Morehouse College dị n'Atlanta, [[Jorjiạ (state)|Georgia]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=On the Set for 3/11/16: Taraji P. Henson & Octavia Spencer Team Up for 'Hidden Figures' While Jordan Peele, Allison Williams & Catherine Keener Wrap 'Get Out'|url=http://www.ssninsider.com/on-the-set-for-31116-taraji-p-henson-octavia-spencer-team-up-for-hidden-figures-while-jordan-peele-allison-williams-catherine-keener-wrap-get-out/|accessdate=March 26, 2016|work=SSN Insider|date=March 11, 2016}}</ref> E mekwara ihe nkiri na Lockheed Martin Aeronautics na Dobbins Air Reserve Base.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Walljasper|first=Matt|title=What's Filming in Atlanta Now? Baby Driver, Hidden Figures, and a grim warning of things to come|url=http://www.atlantamagazine.com/news-culture-articles/whats-filming-in-atlanta-now-baby-driver-hidden-figures-and-a-grim-warning-of-things-to-come/|accessdate=March 26, 2016|work=Atlanta Magazine|date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> A tụbara Jim Parsons na ihe nkiri ahụ ka ọ bụrụ onye isi injinia nke Space Task Group na NASA, Paul Stafford.<ref name="ParsonsCast"/> Pharrell Williams (onye Virginia Beach, nso Langley Research Center) batara dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Itzkoff|first=Dave|date=2017-01-21|title=Pharrell Williams, Making Noise for 'Hidden Figures' Everywhere|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/03/movies/pharrell-williams-making-noise-for-hidden-figures-everywhere.html|work=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=2019-06-26|quote=The project had another layer of resonance for Mr. Williams, who was raised in Virginia Beach, not far from the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, where ''Hidden Figures'' takes place. Growing up, he said, he had a kind of mystical reverence for the NASA facilities: "We knew the bigger questions were being answered there".}}</ref> O dekwara egwu mbụ ma rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba egwú na ụda nke ihe nkiri ahụ, ya na Hans Zimmer na Benjamin Wallfisch.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Galuppo|first=Mia|title=Pharrell Williams to Produce, Write Music for Fox 2000's 'Hidden Figures'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pharrell-williams-produce-write-music-880911|accessdate=April 8, 2016|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 5, 2016}}</ref> A kpọbatara prọfesọ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Morehouse College Rudy L. Horne ka ọ bụrụ onye nyocha ya n'oge a kara akara. == Egwú == == Eziokwu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ihe nkiri ahụ, nke e debere na NASA Langley Research Center n'afọ 1961, gosipụtara ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche dịka West Area Computing unit, ebe a chọrọ ka otu ndị isi ojii niile bụ ụmụ nwanyị mgbakọ na mwepụ jiri ihe oriri na ịsa ahụ́ mee ihe. Otú ọ dị, n'eziokwu, e buliri Dorothy Vaughan ka onye nlekọta nke West Computing ogologo oge tupu mgbe ahụ, na 1949, bụrụ onye isi ojii mbụ na National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) yana otu n'ime ndị inyom ole na ole. N'afọ 1958, mgbe NACA ghọrọ NASA, e wepụrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ọfịs West Computing.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Loff|first=Sarah|title=Dorothy Vaughan Biography|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/dorothy-vaughan-biography|work=NASA|date=November 22, 2016|publisher=NASA|accessdate=24 September 2019|archivedate=25 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625171042/https://www.nasa.gov/content/dorothy-vaughan-biography/}}</ref> Vaughan na ọtụtụ n'ime kọmputa ndị bụbu West wegara ngalaba nyocha ọhụrụ (ACD), otu agbụrụ na okike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/dorothy-vaughan-biography|title=Dorothy Vaughan Biography &#124; NASA|date=November 22, 2016|publisher=Nasa.gov|accessdate=January 30, 2017|archivedate=June 25, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625171042/https://www.nasa.gov/content/dorothy-vaughan-biography/}}</ref> Ọ bụ Mary Jackson, ọ bụghị Katherine Johnson, onye nwere nsogbu ịchọta ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'ihe mere ka 1953 mgbe o nọ ọrụ nwa oge na East Area, mpaghara Langley nke ya maaraghị ma ebe ndị isi ojii ole na ole rụrụ. Katherine Johnson, n'akụkụ ya, amaghị na mbụ na ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị na Langley kewara ekewa (na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ ma nke ọdịda anyanwụ) wee jiri ebe a ga-esi mee ihe "naanị ndị ọcha" ruo ọtụtụ afọ tupu onye ọzọ emee mkpesa. Ọ leghaara mkpesa ahụ anya, e wepụkwara okwu ahụ.<ref name="Khan">{{Cite news|author=Khan|first=Amina|date=February 26, 2017|title=Q&A: Our interview with Katherine G. Johnson, the real-life mathematician who inspired 'Hidden Figures'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-oscars-2017-89th-academy-awards-q-a-our-interview-with-katherine-g-1488161846-htmlstory.html|work=LA Times|accessdate=March 1, 2017}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na WHRO-TV, Johnson gọnahụrụ mmetụta nke ịkpa ókè. "Enweghị m mmetụta nke ịkpa ókè na NASA, n'ihi na onye ọ bụla nọ ebe ahụ mere nyocha. Ị nwere ọrụ ma rụọ ya, ọ dịkwa gị mkpa ime ihe ị ga-eme ... na igwu egwu n'oge nri ehihie. Enweghị m mmetụta nke ịkpa ókè ọ bụla. Amaara m na ọ nọ ebe ahụ, mana echeghị ya".<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=February 25, 2011|title=What Matters - Katherine Johnson: NASA Pioneer and "Computer"|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8gJqKyIGhE|accessdate=April 16, 2022|work=[[YouTube]]|publisher=WHRO Public Media}}</ref> Mary Jackson agaghị enweta iwu ụlọ ikpe ka ọ gaa klas abalị na kọleji ndị ọcha naanị. Ọ rịọrọ obodo Hampton maka ihe pụrụ iche, e nyekwara ya ikike. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bịara daa ma mebie, ụgwọ zoro ezo nke na-agba ọsọ usoro ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị n'otu. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ injinia ya wee nweta nkwalite ka ọ bụrụ onye enjiniya n'afọ 1958.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/mary-jackson-biography|title=Mary Jackson Biography &#124; NASA|publisher=Nasa.gov|date=December 2, 2016|accessdate=January 30, 2017|archivedate=December 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217165828/https://www.nasa.gov/content/mary-jackson-biography}}</ref> Katherine Johnson rụrụ ọrụ kachasị na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Langley, ọ bụghị n'ebe ndị dị anya site n'ịrụ ụlọ 1244 malite n'etiti afọ 1953, ma nọrọkwa na 1244 ọbụna mgbe ha sonyere Space Task Group, ruo ugbu a mmalite 1960s na ụgbọ elu akụkọ ihe mere eme John Glenn.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[1960s] Official Numbers and Former Designations of Langley Research Center Buildings|url=http://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/crgis/images/3/31/Official_Numbers_and_Former_Designations_of_Langley_Research_Center_Buildings.pdf|work=Langley Maps|date=February 3, 2016|publisher=Nasa.gov|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018103359/http://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/crgis/images/3/31/Official_Numbers_and_Former_Designations_of_Langley_Research_Center_Buildings.pdf|archivedate=2 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Denise Lineberry|title=A Look Back with Langley's NACA Alumni: NACA's 95th Anniversary|url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_NACA95.html|work=Researcher News|publisher=Nasa.gov|date=3 March 2010|accessdate=2 October 2022|archivedate=29 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529194027/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_NACA95.html}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ebe a na-akpọ "colored" kọfị pụtara n'ebe ọrụ Katherine Johnson emeghị ya, akwụkwọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere enweghịkwa aha dị otú ahụ. Katherine Johnson so Eunice Smith, onye nwere afọ itoolu na West Area computer veteran n'oge ahụ ka Johnson sonyeere NACA. Smith bụ onye agbata obi ya na enyi site n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị ọ bụla. Ụmụ Goble atọ ahụ bụ ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma mgbe Katherine lụrụ Jim Johnson. E kenyere Katherine Johnson na Ngalaba Nnyocha Flight n'afọ 1953, nke ghọrọ ihe a ga-adịgide adịpụ. Mgbe e guzobere Space Task Group na 1958, ndị injinia sitere n'aka Flight Research Division bụ isi nke otu ahụ, a gụnyekwara Johnson. O so dee akụkọ nyocha nke NASA bipụtara na 1960, oge mbụ nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ ọrụ Flight Research Division nwetara otuto dị ka onye dere akwụkwọ nchọpụta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography|title=Katherine Johnson Biography|author=Shetterly|first=Margot Lee|date=December 1, 2016|work=NASA|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 2, 2017|quote=authored or coauthored 26 research reports.}}</ref> Johnson nwetara ohere ịnweta nzukọ ndị nchịkọta akụkọ site na 1958 naanị site n'ịnọgidesi ike, ọ bụghị maka otu nnọkọ dị oke egwu.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Wini|author=Warren|chapter=Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson: The Ultimate Payoff — Putting America in Space|title=Black Women Scientists in the United States|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=75bnncOVqEIC&pg=PA140|year=1999|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-33603-1|pages=140–7}}</ref> Ọ bụ Robert Gilruth duziri Space Task Group, ọ bụghị onye akụkọ ifo Al Harrison, nke e kere iji mee ka usoro nchịkwa dị mgbagwoju anya. Ihe nkiri ebe Harrison na-agbaji ihe ịrịba ama nke Ụlọ Ụmụ nwanyị Na-acha Ọcha emebeghị, dịka n'ime ndụ Johnson jụrụ ịga ije ruo ogologo oge iji jiri ụlọ ịsa ahụ nwere agba ma, n'okwu ya, "gafere naanị onye ọcha".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/story/oscar-nominated-hidden-figures-was-whitewashed-but-it-didnt-have-to-be|title=''Space So White'' - Oscar-nominated "Hidden Figures" was whitewashed — but it didn't have to be|publisher=Vice.com|accessdate=February 24, 2017|archivedate=February 21, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221011931/https://news.vice.com/story/oscar-nominated-hidden-figures-was-whitewashed-but-it-didnt-have-to-be}}</ref> Harrison na-ahapụkwa ya ka ọ banye Mission Control iji hụ mwepụta ahụ. Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla mere na ndụ n'ezie, onye edemede Theodore Melfi kwuru na ya ahụghị nsogbu ịgbakwunye ebe ndị a nọ, na-asị, "Ọ dị mkpa ka e nwee mmadụ ọcha mee nke ziri ezi, enwere ike ịbụ ndị isi ojii ga-eme nke ọma, otukwa nwoke chọrọ ime. Ya mere, onye na-eche banyere ndị mepụtara ihe ziri ezi ma ọ bụrụhaala n'ihe ruru eru?"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/story/oscar-nominated-hidden-figures-was-whitewashed-but-it-didnt-have-to-be|title=''Space So White'' - Oscar-nominated "Hidden Figures" was whitewashed — but it didn't have to be|publisher=Vice.com|accessdate=February 24, 2017|archivedate=February 21, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221011931/https://news.vice.com/story/oscar-nominated-hidden-figures-was-whitewashed-but-it-didnt-have-to-be}}</ref> Dexter Thomas nke Vice News katọrọ mgbakwunye Melfi dị ka ịmepụta onye nzọpụta ọcha: "N'okwu a, ọ pụtara na mmadụ ọcha ekwesịghị iche echiche banyere ohere ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ndị ọzọ n"afọ 1960, ha gaara abụ otu n'ime ihe ọjọọ.<ref name="thomas">{{Cite news|author=Thomas|first=Dexter|url=https://news.vice.com/story/oscar-nominated-hidden-figures-was-whitewashed-but-it-didnt-have-to-be|title=Space so white: The Oscar-nominated 'Hidden Figures' was whitewashed — but it didn't have to be|work=[[Vice News]]|date=January 25, 2017|accessdate=February 2, 2017|archive-date=February 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221011931/https://news.vice.com/story/oscar-nominated-hidden-figures-was-whitewashed-but-it-didnt-have-to-be|url-status=dead}}</ref> Megan Garber nke Atlantic kwuru na "akụkọ" ihe nkiri ahụ gụnyere ""ihe gbasara onye nzọpụta ọcha".<ref name="garber">{{Cite news|author=Garber|first=Megan|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/01/hidden-figures-and-the-appeal-of-math-in-an-age-of-inequality/513434/|title=''Hidden Figures'' and the Appeal of Math in an Age of Inequality|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=January 18, 2017|accessdate=February 2, 2017|quote=''Hidden Figures''{{'}}s narrative trajectory involves not just progress that emerges, too often, from pettiness, but also thematic elements of the white savior, and of a culturally enforced tiara syndrome. All those things effectively temper the idealism of its message.}}</ref> Melfi kwuru na ọ hụrụ "ebubo nke 'onye nzọpụta ọcha' dị njọ", sị:    Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Vivian Mitchell na Paul Stafford bụ ihe mejupụtara ọtụtụ ndị otu, ma gosipụta echiche na àgwà ọha na eze nke oge ahụ. Karl Zielinski dabeere na onye nkuzi Mary Jackson, Kazimierz "Kaz" Czarnecki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/modernfigures/faq|title=Modern Figures: Frequently Asked Questions &#124; NASA|date=January 7, 2017|publisher=Nasa.gov|accessdate=January 30, 2017}}</ref> John Glenn, onye ji ihe dị ka afọ iri karịa ka egosiri n'oge mmalite, rịọrọ Johnson kpọmkwem ka ọ nyochaa ngụkọta IBM, ọ bụ ezie na o nwere ọtụtụ ụbọchị tupu ụbọchị mmalite iji mezue usoro ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/25/495179824/hidden-figures-how-black-women-did-the-math-that-put-men-on-the-moon|title='Hidden Figures': How Black Women Did The Math That Put Men On The Moon|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=September 25, 2016|work=NPR|publisher=[[NPR]]|accessdate=March 1, 2017|quote=Heard on All Things Considered}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-010517a-hidden-figures-john-glenn-mystery.html|title='Hidden Figures': When did John Glenn ask for 'the girl' to check the numbers?|publisher=collectSPACE|accessdate=January 31, 2017}}</ref> Onye edemede Margot Lee Shetterly ekwenyewo na enwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti akwụkwọ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ, mana ọ chọpụtara na nke ahụ bụ ihe a na-aghọta. A kwụsịghị ụgbọ elu John Glenn n'oge dị ka e kwuru na ndepụta okwu mmechi nke ihe nkiri ahụ. A haziri ọrụ MA-6 maka njem atọ ma daa n'oge a tụrụ anya ya. Ngwongwo mgbasa ozi e bipụtara tupu a malite ya na-ekwu na "The Mercury Operations Director nwere ike ịhọrọ otu, abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ orbit mission".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mira.hq.nasa.gov/history/ws/hdmshrc/all/main/DDD/16286.PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525123504/https://mira.hq.nasa.gov/history/ws/hdmshrc/all/main/DDD/16286.PDF|archivedate=May 25, 2009|title=Mercury Atlas 6 at a Glance, page 1|publisher=NASA|accessdate=November 12, 2017}}</ref> Akụkọ post-mission na-egosikwa na a haziri retrofire ka ọ mee n'ụzọ nke atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/ma-6/docs/ma-6-results.pdf|title=Results of the First United States Manned Orbital Space Flight, Table 6-II Sequence of Events During MA-6 Flight, Page 71|publisher=NASA|accessdate=November 12, 2017|archivedate=September 30, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930021820/https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/ma-6/docs/ma-6-results.pdf}}</ref> E mekwara ndokwa maka ụgbọ elu Scott Carpenter na Mee ma gbaa ọsọ ugboro atọ, Wally Schirra mere atụmatụ ịgba gburugburu isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba chọrọ mgbanwe dị ukwuu na usoro nkwado ndụ nke Mercury capsule iji nye ya ohere ife njem awa itoolu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Baker|first=David|title=The History of Manned Space Flight, page 137|year=1981|publisher=Crown Publishers|isbn=0-517-54377-X|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmanneds0000bake_d7k6}}</ref> Okwu ahụ bụ "ga ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro asaa" nke nọ na transcript ọrụ a na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na onye Atlas booster etinyela capsule Glenn n'ime orbit ga-akwụsi ike maka oghere isii, mana o nwere ikike ịnọ ogologo oge. Mercury Control Center dị na Cape Canaveral na [[Flórídạ|Florida]], ọ bụghị Langley Research Centre na Virginia. Ihe osise ndị e gosipụtara n'ihu ụlọ ahụ na-egosi ọrụ isii, nke emeghị ruo mgbe Wally Schirra mere MA-8 ya n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1962. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-egosikwa ndị nchịkwa ụgbọ elu NASA n'ụzọ ziri ezi nyochaa telemetry site na Soviet Vostok launch, nke Union agaghị eso ya kerịta na NASA na 1961. Katherine Johnson's Technical Note D-233, nke ya na T.H. Skopinski dere, nwere ike ịchọta na NASA Technique Reports Server. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara IBM 7090 dị ka kọmputa mbụ na Langley, mana enwere n'ezie na mbụ: kọmputa 138 n"ebe ahụ, na Dorothy Vaughan nwere n-adịbeghị anya: 205206 na-eme mmemme maka IBM704 na FORTRAN.<ref name="HidFig">{{Cite book|title=Hidden Figures|url=https://archive.org/details/hiddenfiguresame0000shet_x3r8|first=Margot Lee|author=Shetterly|authorlink=Margot Lee Shetterly|edition=First|year=2016|isbn=9780062363596|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}</ref><ref name="HidFig" /> [[Usòrò:IBM_7090_console.nasa.jpg|thumb|280x280px|IBM 7090 console ugbu a]] [[Usòrò:IBM_7094_console2.agr.JPG|thumb|Ihe njikwa onye ọrụ IBM 7094 gosipụtara na ihe nkiri ahụ, yana ngosipụta ndekọ ndepụta ọzọ na igbe ọzọ pụrụ iche n'elu. Rịba ama "Multiple Tag Mode" ìhè n'elu etiti.]] Ihe nkiri ahụ na-ezo aka na IBM 7090, mana njikwa egosiri bụ maka IBM 8094, nke bịara mgbe e mesịrị. == Ntọhapụ == [[Usòrò:Obama_with_"Hidden_Figures"_Cast.jpg|thumb|Onye isi ala US [[Barack Obama]] na-ekele Kevin Costner, Octavia Spencer, na Taraji P. Henson na Disemba 15, 2016]] Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere obere ntọhapụ na Disemba 25, 2016, tupu ewepụta ya n'ụzọ sara mbara na Jenụwarị 6, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/10/hidden-figures-gets-christmas-day-release-1201836941/|title=Fox Shifts 'Hidden Figures' To Christmas Day Limited Release|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Ross|author=A. Lincoln|date=October 14, 2016|accessdate=October 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hidden-figures-release-date-christmas-938618|title=It's Official: Fox's 'Hidden Figures' NASA Film to Get Oscar-Qualifying Limited Release|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Hilary|author=Lewis|date=October 15, 2016|accessdate=October 15, 2016}}</ref> Mgbe a tọhapụrụ Hidden Figures na Disemba 25, 2016, ụfọdụ ọrụ ebere, ụlọ ọrụ na azụmaahịa onwe ha na-ele ihe nkiri ahụ anya dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka imeziwanye mmata ndị ntorobịa na agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ n'ọhịa sayensị, teknụzụ, injinia, na mgbakọ na mwepụ (STEM), haziri ngosipụta n"efu nke ihe omume ahụ iji gbasaa ozi nke isiokwu ''ihe'' mere na fim ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.glamour.com/story/hidden-figures-inspiring-young-women-science-and-technology|title=The Hidden Figures Effect Is Real: How It's Inspiring Young Women to Seek Careers in Science and Technology|first=Marissa G.|author=Muller|date=January 30, 2017|work=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> Mgbalị jikọrọ aka n'etiti Western New York STEM Hub, AT&T na Girl Scouts nke USA nyere ohere ka ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 200 nke Buffalo Public School, Girl scouts na ndị nkuzi hụ ihe nkiri ahụ. Onye isi akụkọ WBFO bụ Eileen Buckley kwuru na emere ihe omume ahụ iji nyere aka gbaa ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ume ịtụle ọrụ STEM. Nnyocha na-egosi na ka ọ na'afọ 2020, a ga-enwe ọrụ STEM nde 2.4 na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.wbfo.org/post/hidden-figures-inspire-city-students-pursue-stem-careers|title="Hidden Figures" to inspire city students to pursue STEM careers|first=Eileen|author=Buckley|date=February 1, 2017|work=[[WBFO]]|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> Naia Butler-Craig, onye na-achọ ịnya ụgbọ mbara igwe, dere banyere ihe nkiri ahụ, sị: "Enweghị m ike iche n'echiche ihe nke ahụ ga-adị ka: Naya dị afọ iri na isii, nke na'ahụ anya, na nke nwere mmasị na mbara ala na ya na ụmụ nwanyị ojii nwere ihe jikọrọ ya n"<ref>{{Cite news|author=Butler-Craig|first=Naia|title=Perspective {{!}} For 16-year-old Black girl nerds, it's good that Katherine Johnson is no longer hidden|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/02/27/16-year-old-black-girl-nerds-its-good-that-katherine-johnson-is-no-longer-hidden/|accessdate=2020-12-12}}</ref> Also, the film's principal actors (Henson, Spencer, Monáe and Parsons), director (Melfi), producer/musical creator (Williams), and other non-profit outside groups have offered free screenings to ''Hidden Figures'' at several cinema locations around the world. Some of the screenings were open to all-comers, while others were arranged to benefit girls, women and the underprivileged. The campaign began as individual activism by Spencer, and made a total of more than 1,500 seats for ''Hidden Figures'' available, free of charge, to poor individuals and families. The result was seven more screenings for people who otherwise might not have been able to afford to see the film - in Atlanta (sponsored by Monáe), in Washington, D.C. (sponsored by Henson), in Chicago (also Henson), in Houston (by Parsons), in Hazelwood, Missouri (by Melfi and actress/co-producer Kimberly Quinn), and in Norfolk and Virginia Beach, Virginia (both sponsored by Williams).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/hidden-figures-free-screenings-1201971825/|title=Free Screenings of 'Hidden Figures' Go Wide: From L.A. to Australia|first=James|author=Rainey|date=January 27, 2017|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2017, AMC Theatres na 21st Century Fox kwupụtara na ngosipụta n'efu nke Hidden Figures ga-ewere ọnọdụ na ememe nke Black History Month na obodo 14 ahọpụtara na US (gụnyere Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles na Miami). Nkwupụta ahụ kọwara ihe ngosi ọrụ ebere nke Febụwarị dị ka ime ka a mara eziokwu nke ihe nkiri ahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Black na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ na NASA n'oge Space Race. 21st Century Fox na AMC Theatres kpọkwara ụlọ akwụkwọ, otu obodo na òtù ndị na'enweghị uru ka ha tinye akwụkwọ maka ihe nyocha pụrụ iche ndị ọzọ a ga-enwe n"obodo ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Hidden-Figures-Free-Screening-413750893.html|title=Free Screening of 'Hidden Figures' Offered for Black History Month|date=February 14, 2017|work=[[NBC Southern California]]|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> "Ka anyị na-eme emume Black History Month ma na'ihu na Women's History month na March, akụkọ a nke ike na nnọgidesi ike dị mkpa karịa mgbe ọ bụla, "ka Liba Rubenstein, 21st Century Fox'tti Senior [[Vice President of Nigeria|Vice President]] of Social Impact, kwuru, sị, anyị nọ na 21CF sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke mmegharị ahụ iji weta ihe nkiri a na ndị na na ya na ha agaghị enwe ike ịhụ ya - ndị ọkà mmụta nwere ike ịgụnye ndị ọhụrụ na onye na - anyị chọrọ ịkwado ma gbasaa mmegide ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/hidden-figures-free-screenings-black-history-month-1201988170/|title='Hidden Figures' Set for Free Screenings in 14 Cities for Black History Month|first=Dave|author=McNary|date=February 14, 2017|work=Variety|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> Ndị ọrụ ebere na-enweghị uru na mpụga otu na mgbalị ndị ọzọ dị n'ógbè site n"aka ndị mmadụ nʼotu n n "nyele nyocha n-efu nke "''Ihe Ndị'' A Na-ezobe" site na iji usoro mgbasa ozi igwe mmadụ na Intanet, nke na'enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịnakọta ego maka ihe nkiri n 'efu.<ref name="motto.time.com">{{Cite web|url=http://motto.time.com/4639215/astronaut-hidden-figures-screening-gofundme/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127184034/http://motto.time.com/4639215/astronaut-hidden-figures-screening-gofundme/|archivedate=January 27, 2017|title=This 7th Grader Wants to Send All the Young Girls in Her City to See 'Hidden Figures'|author=Lasher, Megan|date=January 27, 2017|work=Time.com|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gofundme.com/mvc.php?route=category&term=hidden%20figures|title=Donate Online - Make Online Donations to People You Know!|work=[[gofundme.com]]|accessdate=February 27, 2017|archivedate=February 12, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212165434/https://www.gofundme.com/mvc.php?route=category&term=hidden%20figures}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mkpọsa GoFundMe n'efu apụtala kemgbe a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ n"ozuzu ya, niile site nʼaka ndị mmadụ chọrọ ịnakọta ego iji kwụọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ụgwọ iji hụ ihe ngosi ahụ.<ref name="motto.time.com" /> N'afọ 2019, ụlọ ọrụ Walt Disney jikọtara aka na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị US na mmemme mgbanwe nke atọ kwa afọ "Hidden No More", nke ihe nkiri ahụ kpaliri ma wetara ụmụ nwanyị 50 si gburugburu ụwa na United States bụ ndị mere nke ọma na ọrụ STEM dị ka injinia ụgbọ elu, ngwọta data na nzuzo data, na agụmakwụkwọ metụtara ST EM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewaltdisneycompany.com/the-walt-disney-company-partners-with-u-s-state-department-on-hidden-no-more-exchange-program/|title=The Walt Disney Company Partners with U.S. State Department on "Hidden No More" Exchange Program|date=2019-10-28|work=The Walt Disney Company|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-16}}</ref> Usoro mgbanwe ahụ malitere na 2017 mgbe ndị nnọchi anya US gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na obodo ha. Nkwado maka nyocha ahụ dị mma nke na mba 48 kpebiri na nke ọ bụla ga-ahọpụta otu nwanyị na STEM iji nọchite anya mba ha na mmemme mgbanwe IVLP izu atọ na United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.pond5.com/17488-hollywood-inspires-global-exchange-women-stem/|title=Hidden No More: A Global Exchange Program Inspired by 'Hidden Figures'|date=2017-11-09|work=Pond5 Blog|accessdate=2019-11-16}}</ref> === Ahịa === N'ịgbaso asọmpi Lego Ideas nke afọ 2017, onye na-emepụta ihe eji egwuri egwu na Denmark bụ The Lego Group kwupụtara atụmatụ imepụta ihe oyiyi ''ụmụ nwanyị nke NASA'' nke ụmụ agbọghọ ise, ndị injinia na ndị na'ime mbara igwe, dịka ọ dabere na ezigbo ụmụnwaanyị rụrụ ọrụ maka NASA. Obere ihe ndị e mere atụmatụ itinye na setịpụrụ bụ Katherine Johnson, onye sayensị kọmputa Margaret Hamilton; onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe, ọkà n"ihe ọmụmụ physics na onye nkuzi Sally Ride; ọkà mmụta mbara ala Nancy Grace Roman; na muntu na'eme ihe n "na-ememe nʼime ụwa na dọkịta Mae Jemison" (onye bụkwa onye Africa America). Ihe a gwụchara anaghị agụnye Johnson. A tọhapụrụ Women of NASA set na Nọvemba 1, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/mar/01/hidden-figures-no-more-female-nasa-staff-to-be-immortalised-in-lego|title=Hidden figures no more: female Nasa staff to be immortalised in Lego|author=Malkin|first=Bonnie|date=February 28, 2017|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsbtv.com/news/trending-now/lego-set-to-honor-women-of-nasa-including-katherine-johnson-of-hidden-figures_/498510195|title=Lego set to honor women of NASA, including Katherine Johnson of 'Hidden Figures'|author=Ewing|first=Michelle|date=March 1, 2017|publisher=[[WSB-TV]]|accessdate=August 29, 2017|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830003402/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/trending-now/lego-set-to-honor-women-of-nasa-including-katherine-johnson-of-hidden-figures_/498510195|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ideas.lego.com/content/blog_post/link/543b47ec-781a-4f32-a2f6-ca605c91f48b|title=Introducing LEGO® Ideas 21312 Women of NASA|work=ideas.lego.com|date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> Chart nke Miracles nke 1961, "Mighty Good Lovin'", nke onye na-agụ egwú Smokey Robinson dere, na ihe nkiri ahụ n'oge egwu ụlọ, a nụkwara ya na mmechi mmezu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kkbox.com/sg/en/album/JCovTzGxdr57B0F1PLZE009H-index.html|title=Mighty Good Lovin' (Featured in "Hidden Figures")|date=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hidden Figures (2016)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4846340/soundtrack|work=IMDb}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi n'ụlọ === A tọhapụrụ Hidden Figures na Digital HD na Machị 28, 2017, na Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD, na DVD na Eprel 11, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehdroom.com/bluray/hidden-figures-4k-blu-ray-dvd-digital-release-dates-details-107322/|title='Hidden Figures' 4K, Blu-ray, DVD and Digital Release Dates and Details|date=February 28, 2017|publisher=TheHDRoom|accessdate=April 23, 2017}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere na No. 3 na bychaatị ahịa vidio ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/force-remains-with-star-wars-for-dvd-blu-ray-disc-sales-1202390832/|title=Force Remains With 'Star Wars' for DVD, Blu-ray Disc Sales|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 20, 2017|accessdate=May 26, 2017}}</ref> == Nnakwere == === Ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa === ''Ihe'' omuma zoro ezo nwetara nde $ 169.6 na United States na Canada, na nde dollar 66.3 na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, maka ngụkọta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nde dọla 236, megide mmepụta mmefu ego nke $ 25 nde. N'ime ụlọ, Hidden Figures bụ onye kachasị mma na 89th Academy Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Fortune|url=http://fortune.com/2017/02/27/moonlight-oscars-low-budget-box-office/|title='Moonlight' Is Among the Lowest-Grossing Oscar Best Picture Winners Ever|author=Tom Huddleston Jr.|date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> Deadline Hollywood gbakọrọ uru nke ihe nkiri ahụ ka ọ bụrụ $ 95.55 nde, mgbe a na-agbakọta ego niile na ego a ga-enweta maka ihe ngosi ahụ, na'ime iri abụọ kachasị baa uru na 2016. N'oge a tọhapụrụ ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri 25 site na Disemba 25, 2016, ruo Jenụwarị 5, 2017, ihe ngosi ahụ nwetara nde $ 3. Na North America, Hidden Figures nwere mgbasawanye ya n'akụkụ mmeghe nke ''Underworld'': Blood Wars na mgbasa nke Lion na A Monster Calls. A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enweta ihe dị ka nde $ 20 site na ụlọ ihe nkiri 2,471 na ngwụsị izu mbụ ya, na studio na'atụle nde dollar 1517 nke mbụ.<ref name="preview">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-movie-projector-20170103-story.html|title='Hidden Figures' is likely to draw crowds as 'Rogue One' stays on top of the box office|author=Faughnder|first=Ryan|date=January 4, 2017|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> O mere $ 1.2 nde site na previews abalị Thursday na $ 7.6 nde n'ụbọchị mbụ ya. Na mbido, ihe ngosi mere ka ihe nkiri ahụ nweta nde $ 21.8 na ngwụsị izu mbụ ya, na-emecha nke abụọ n'azụ ''Rogue One'': A Star Wars Story ($ 22 nde). Otú ọ dị n'ụbọchị na-esote, ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpeazụ kpughere na ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ngụkọta ngwụsị izu nke $ 22.8 nde, na'emeri Rogue One's $ 21.9 nde.<ref name="opening">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/01/rogue-one-hidden-figures-underworld-blood-wars-weekend-box-office-1201879773/|title='Rogue One' Doesn't Want To Fall To 'Hidden Figures' As Winter Storm Helena Closes Theaters|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 9, 2017|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Na ngwụsị izu nke abụọ ya, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nde $ 20.5 (maka ngụkọta ụbọchị anọ nke MLK Weekend nke nde $27.5), ọzọ na-ebute ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ.<ref name="opening2">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/01/patriots-day-sleepless-bye-bye-man-live-by-night-rogue-one-mlk-box-office-1201885490/|title='Hidden Figures' Stays Smart, But Why Are So Many Movies Bombing Over MLK Weekend?|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=17 January 2017|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=16 August 2018}}</ref> === Nzaghachi nkatọ === [[Usòrò:"Hidden_Figures"_Film_Celebration_(NHQ201612100017).jpg|thumb|Ọrụ Octavia Spencer dị ka Dorothy Vaughan nwetara otuto dị egwu, na-akpali nhọpụta nke abụọ nke Academy Award & Golden Globe na nhọrọ nke atọ nke SAG.]] Na nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere nkwado nke 93% dabere na nyocha 314, na nkezi nke 7.64/10. Nkwekọrịta dị oke egwu nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-agụ, "N'ụzọ na'obi, nke na na - obi ụtọ, ndị mmadụ zoro ezo na "''ihe ndị'' a na ya na ndị dị mkpa na"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hidden_figures/|title=Hidden Figures (2017)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango (company)|Fandango]]|accessdate=May 3, 2020}}</ref> Na Metacritic, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere akara nkezi nke 74 n'ime 100, dabere na ndị nkatọ 47, na-egosi "n'ozuzu nyocha dị mma".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hidden-figures|title=Hidden Figures Reviews|work=[[Metacritic]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|accessdate=January 9, 2017}}</ref> Ndị na-ege ntị nke CinemaScore nyochara nyere ihe nkiri ahụ akara nke "A +" na ọkwa A + ruo F, otu n'ime ihe na'erughị ihe ngosi 90 na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ ahụ iji nweta akara dị otú ahụ.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web|author=|date=January 6, 2017|title=''Hidden Figures''|url=https://twitter.com/CinemaScore/status/817600462119702528|accessdate=April 10, 2017|work=[[Twitter]]|publisher=[[CinemaScore]]}}</ref><ref name="opening"/> Simon Thompson nke IGN nyere ihe nkiri ahụ akara nke itoolu n'ime iri, na-ede, "''Ihe ndị'' zoro ezo jupụtara na ihe echefuru echefu, ma ọ bụ nke a na'amaghị ama, ihe efu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke US n"ụzọ dị mma, nke na na ya, dị ụtọ, ya na nke zuru oke. Egwuregwu magburu onwe ya gafee bọọdụ na akụkọ na-adọrọ mmasị naanị na ya na'ime ihe nkiri Hidden Figures bụ ''ihe'' siri ike, nke a rụzuru nke ọma na nke e ji nkà mee nke na na - na: "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ign.com/articles/2016/12/14/hidden-figures-review|title=Hidden Figures|author=Thompson|first=Simon|date=14 December 2016|work=[[IGN]]|accessdate=16 August 2018}}</ref> Ty Burr nke The Boston Globe dere, "ihe nkiri ahụ ejiri obi karịa nka na nkà karịa aghụghọ, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ n'ihi ụmụ nwanyị ọ gosipụtara na ndị na'eme ihe nkiri na ha. Nke kachasị mma, ị na-apụta na ihe nkiri ahụ maara onye Katherine Johnson na Dorothy Vaughn na Mary Jackson bụ, ụmụ gị nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2017/01/04/hidden-figures-history-lesson-with-math-appeal/GPfea4Sr2lqUDdJAwT09jI/story.html|title='Hidden Figures' is a crowd-pleaser with math appeal|author=Burr|first=Ty|date=4 January 2017|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|accessdate=16 August 2018}}</ref> Clayton Davis nke Awards Circuit nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando atọ na ọkara, na-ekwu na "E rere ya dị ka ihe ntụrụndụ dị egwu maka oge Krismas, Ihe osise zoro ezo bụ ''ihe'' ngosi kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na nke mara mma nke mba anyị na esemokwu agbụrụ nke kewara ma na'ihu na ịta ahụhụ n'ihe owuwu nke ịdị adị anyị. N'ịbụ ndị na-etinye aka site na mmalite ruo na njedebe, Ihe oyiyi zoro ezo nwere ike ijide onye na'amaghị ama na ''ihe'' nkiri na ya ma mee ka ha daa maka akụkọ ya a na - agbagha agbawa. A gaghị ahapụ ihe nkiri ahụ. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awardscircuit.com/2016/12/11/film-review-hidden-figures-is-pure-goodness-featuring-a-stellar-cast/|title=Film Review: 'Hidden Figures' Is Pure Goodness Featuring a Stellar Cast|author=Davis|first=Clayton|date=11 December 2016|work=AwardsCircuit|accessdate=16 August 2018|archivedate=2 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802121815/http://www.awardscircuit.com/2016/12/11/film-review-hidden-figures-is-pure-goodness-featuring-a-stellar-cast/}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị ọzọ katọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ maka ihe ịchọ mma ya na ọdịnala, ụdị dị mma. Tim Grierson, na-ede maka Screen International, kwuru na "Ihe ndị zoro ezo fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike na ngosipụta ya nke ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị na ịrọ agbụrụ. Mmiri nke afọ ojuju onwe onye na-eme ihe nkiri na - na "ebe Jesse Hassenger na The A.V. Club na na<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/hidden-figures-review/5111374.article|title='Hidden Figures': Review|author=Grierson|first=Tim|date=11 December 2016|work=[[Screen International]]|accessdate=16 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://film.avclub.com/good-performances-can-t-blast-hidden-figures-out-of-pre-1798189959|title=Good performances can't blast Hidden Figures out of prestige convention|author=Hassenger|first=Jese|date=20 December 2016|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|accessdate=16 August 2018|archivedate=29 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211159/https://film.avclub.com/good-performances-can-t-blast-hidden-figures-out-of-pre-1798189959}}</ref> Eric Kohn nke IndieWire na-ekwu na ihe nkiri ahụ "na-eme ka akụkọ ihe mere eme dị mfe; dị ka ụtụ isi maka ndị isi ya, ọ naghị agbanye n'ime ihe kpatara ọgụ ha" ma n"otu aka ahụ, Paul Byrnes kwubiri na "Mgbe ihe ngosi na ọ na'efu na ya na a na - na na, anyị nwere ikike ịjụ ebe akụkọ ahụ gara, ọbụlagodi na o nyere oge dị mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/12/hidden-figures-review-octavia-spencer-taraji-p-henson-nasa-1201756595/|title=Hidden Figures Review|author=Kohn|first=Eric|date=11 December 2016|work=[[IndieWire]]|accessdate=16 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/hidden-figures-review-these-trailblazing-women-deserve-better-20170214-gucbs5.html|title=Hidden Figures review: these trailblazing women deserve better|author=Byrnes|first=Paul|date=14 February 2017|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|accessdate=16 August 2018}}</ref> === Ndị a nabatara ===   N'etiti ọtụtụ ihe ọ rụzuru, a na-eto Octavia Spencer karịsịa maka ngosipụta ya nke Dorothy Vaughan ma họpụta ya maka onyinye Academy maka onye na'eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma, Golden Globe Award maka Onye na na onye n'ime ihe ngosi kachasị elu na Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female [[Actor]] in a Supporting Role. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ meriri Screen Actors Guild Award maka arụmọrụ dị ịrịba ama site na ndị na'ime ihe osise. [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Ihe]] nkiri ahụ n'onwe ya nwetara nhọpụta maka Academy Award maka Best Picture na ọtụtụ nhọrọ ya (gụnyere maka Oscar na BAFTA), ụda na akara. N'ozuzu, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nhọpụta atọ maka 89th Academy Awards na 2017, na-emerighị ọ bụla: * Ihe nkiri kacha mma Donna Gigliotti, Peter Chernin, Jenno Topping, Pharrell Williams na Theodore Melfi (<small>efu</small> na Moonlight) * Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma Octavia Spencer (<small>Viola Davis</small> meriri ya <small>maka</small> Fences) * Ihe nkiri kachasị mma bụ Allison Schroeder na Theodore Melfi (dabere n'akwụkwọ Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race) (<small>efu</small> na Moonlight) == Hụkwa == * Ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America na sayensị kọmputa * Henrietta Swan Leavitt * Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri ojii nke afọ 2010 * Ndepụta ihe nkiri banyere ndị mgbakọ na mwepụ * Akụkọ ifo mgbakọ na mwepụ * Ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị == Ihe odide == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Hayles|first=N. Katherine|authorlink=N. Katherine Hayles|year=2005|title=My Mother Was a Computer: Digital Subjects and Literary Texts|url=https://archive.org/details/mymotherwascompu0000hayl|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-32147-9}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * {{IMDb title|4846340}} * Hidden Figures at AllMovie * Ndị zoro ezo na akụkọ [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/hidden-figures/ ''ihe''] mere eme vs. ''Hollywood'' [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pejwviyip6o8t24zc2o2p1l0hrgim0d 0 26526 727850 674845 2026-09-25T07:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Japanese Women Don't Get Old Or Fat bụ akwụkwọ nke Naomi Moriyama na di ya bụ William Doyle dere. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọwa etu ọrịa oke ibu dị ugbu a si a gbasa n"ụwa niile, wee gosipụta eziokwu banyere oke oke buru ibu nke Japan, na otu ndị Japan si nwee oke oké ibu kachasị ala na mba ndị mepere emepe, ogologo ndụ nke mba ọ bụla nʼụwa, ya na oke ọrịa obi dị ala.<ref name="secret of eternal youth">{{Cite news|author=Whitworth|first=Melissa|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3326968/The-secret-of-eternal-youth.html|title=The secret of eternal youth|publisher=[[Daily Telegraph]]|date=2005-12-02|archive-date=2012-11-14|access-date=2023-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114015715/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3326968/The-secret-of-eternal-youth.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="secret of eternal youth" /> Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akụzikwa ụdịri nri ụlọ ndị Japan, ma na'enye ozi gbasara ihe ndị dị mkpa a na-ahụ na ụlọ ndị Japan, ya na usoro nri ha. Naomi Moriyama kwukwara etu ụmụ nwanyị Japan si nwee n'ozuzu, echiche ahụ ike banyere nri. == Ihe ndekọ mbipụta == {{Cite book|title=Japanese Women Don't Get Old Or Fat|author=Moriyama|first=Naomi|year=2005|publisher=[[Delacorte Press]]|isbn=0-385-33997-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/japanesewomendon00naom/page/288 288]|url=https://archive.org/details/japanesewomendon00naom/page/288|accessdate=2010-04-22}} == Edensibia == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025340/http://www.japanesewomendontgetoldorfat.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Naomi Moriyama] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060927023149/http://www.aarpmagazine.org/books/japanese_women.html Nnyocha akwụkwọ na AARP Magazine] * [https://archive.today/20130201220431/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2005/December/14/style/stories/02style.htm Nnyocha akwụkwọ na Santa Cruz Sentinel] [[Òtù:Akwụkwọ]] t5kj53fppqze6kl3r9wrc6l6v6z4i64 0 26727 727813 721696 2026-09-25T04:08:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727813 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chilean_purse_seine.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Jack mackerel nke [[Chile|onye]] na-ere akpa na Chile jidere]] [[Usòrò:Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Ịkụ azụ n'ụgbụ nri]] Ịkụbiga ókè bụ iwepụ ụdị azụ (ya bụ, [[Iku azu|ịkụ azụ]]) n'ime mmiri n"ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu karịa nke ụdị ahụ nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ya dịghachi mma (i.e. iji oke azụ azụ dị ugbu a), na-eme ka ụdị ndị ahụ na mpaghara ahụ ghara [[Iba|ịba]] ụba na ya. Ịkụbiga azụ ókè nwere ike ime na mmiri ọ bụla, dị ka ọdọ mmiri, ala mmiri dị, osimiri, ọdọ Mmiri ma ọ bụ oké osimiri. Ịnọgide na-egbubiga azụ ókè nwere ike iduga na nkwụsịtụ dị egwu, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ anaghịzi enwe ike ịkwado onwe ya. Ụdị ụfọdụ nke igbubiga azụ ókè, dị ka igbu oke azụ nke sharks, emeela ka nsogbu nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri dum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/03/070329-sharks-shellfish.html|title=Shark Declines Threaten Shellfish Stocks, Study Says|work=National Geographic News|first=Helen|author=Scales|date=29 March 2007|accessdate=1 May 2012|archive-date=6 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106104144/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/03/070329-sharks-shellfish.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụdị igbubiga azụ ókè gụnyere: igbu azụ gabigara ókè, igbu ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, ịkụ azụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ikike nke ebe a na-akụ azụ̀ ịgbake site n'ịkụbiga ihe ókè na-adabere ma ikike ibu ya n'ozuzu ya na ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi dabara adaba maka mgbake. Mgbanwe dị egwu na nhazi ụdị dị iche iche nwere ike ibute mgbanwe n'usoro gburugburu ebe obibi, ebe ike nha nha ọzọ na-agụnye ụdị ụdị dị iche iche na nke dịbu tupu ebibie azụ azụ mbụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na azụrụ trout karịrị akarị, carp nwere ike iji mgbanwe dị na nha nha nhata wee weghara n'ụzọ na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume maka trout ịmaliteghachi ọnụ ọgụgụ ọmụmụ. Kemgbe uto nke ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ka afọ ndị 1950 gasịrị, ịkụ azụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ agbasala site na mpaghara ole na ole gbadoro anya ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ịkụ azụ niile. Ntucha nke ala oké osimiri na ịdọrọ ala na-emebi coral, sponges na ụdị benthic ndị ọzọ na-eto nwayọ nwayọ nke na-adịghị agbake ngwa ngwa, nke na-enye ebe obibi maka ụdị ịkụ azụ ahịa. Mbibi a na-agbanwe ọrụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee ike ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara ụdịdị na ụdị dị iche iche nke ụdị ndụ ahụ kpamkpam. Bycatch, njide nkwekọrịta nke ụdị ndị a na-atụghị anya ya n'oge a na-akụ azụ, na-alaghachikarị n'oké osimiri naanị ka ọ nwụọ site na mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ikpughe. Bycatch na-anọchi anya ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke azụta mmiri niile. N'ihe gbasara njide shrimp, ihe a na-ahụ anya dị okpukpu ise karịa oporo ejidere. Akụkọ sitere na FAO na 2020 kwuru na "n'afọ 2017, pasent ịrị atọ na anọ nke azụ azụ nke oke azụ n'ụwa niile bụ ndị e kewara dị ka ndị na-egbubiga azụ ókè". Nhọrọ nke ibelata gụnyere: Nchịkwa gọọmentị, iwepụ enyemaka, ibewanye mmetụta ịkụ azụ, aquaculture na mmata ndị ahịa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9229en|title=The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020|date=2020|publisher=FAO|isbn=978-92-5-132692-3|language=en|doi=10.4060/ca9229en}}</ref> == Ọnụ ọgụgụ == [[Usòrò:Overfishing_(5456651935).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ọchịchịrị gbara ọchịchịa pụtara obere igbubiga azụ ókè, ọchịcha dị mfe pụtara igbu azụ karịa. Ntinye nke EPI sitere na 1 – 7; 7= ọkwa kachasị elu nke igbubiga azụ.]] Ịkụ azụ gabigara ókè ewepụla ọtụtụ azụmaahịa gburugburu ụwa. [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo]] nke [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Otu United Nations]] mere atụmatụ na akụkọ 2018 na 33.1% nke azụ dị n"ụwa niile na-egbubiga azụ ókè.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture/en/|title=SOFIA 2018 - State of Fisheries and Aquaculture in the world 2018|author=fao.org|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=9 November 2018|language=en-EN}}</ref> A hụla oke igbu azụ n'oge tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Karịsịa, igbubiga azụ ókè n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Atlantic Ocean site n"ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke ndị Europe na-achị Amerịka edepụtara nke ọma.<ref name="Bolster 2012">{{Cite book|author=Bolster|first=W. Jeffery|title=The Mortal Sea: Fishing the Atlantic in the Age of Sail|publisher=Belknap Press|date=2012|isbn=978-0-674-04765-5}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ebuka azụ dị n'ime ọkwa dị elu egosila usoro na-ebelata, site na 90% na 1974 ruo 66.9% na 2015. N'ụzọ dị iche, pasenti nke ebuka azụrụ n'ọkwa na-adịghị adịgide adịgide mụbara site na 10% na 1974 ruo 33.1% na 2015, yana mmụba kachasị ukwuu na ngwụcha-1970 na 1980s. [[Usòrò:Global_trends_in_the_state_of_the_world’s_marine_fish_stocks.svg|thumb|Omume zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọnọdụ nke azụ mmiri nke ụwa, site na FAO's Statistical Yearbook 2020<ref name="auto" />]] N'afọ 2015, oke azụ na-adịgide adịgide (nke a na'oge gara aga na azụ zuru oke) mejupụtara 59.9% na oke na 7% nke ngụkọta nke ngwaahịa a nyochara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca0191en/ca0191en.pdf|title=In brief, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018|publisher=FAO|year=2018}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị a na-egbuteghị azụ nọgidere na ibelata site na 1974 ruo 2015, ọnụ ahịa ndị e gburu n'ụzọ na'ihu na njedebe belatara site n"afọ 1974 gaa n " 1989, wee mụbaa ruo 59.9% na 2015.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 2015, n'etiti mpaghara iri na isii dị mkpa, Mediterenian na Oké Osimiri Ojii nwere pasent kachasị elu (62.2%) nke ngwaahịa ndị na-adịghị adịgide adịpụ, ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Òrìmìlì Pacific|Pacific]] 61.5% na Southwest [[Òrìmìlì Atlantic|Atlantic]] 58.8% sochiri. N'ụzọ dị iche, Eastern Central Pacific, Northeast Pacific (Area 67), Northwest Pacific ("A Area 61"), Western Central Pacífico na Southwest Pacífic nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ala (13 ruo 17%) nke azụ dị na ọkwa ndị a na-apụghị ịnagide.<ref name=":0"/> Daniel Pauly, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ maka ịkụ azụ nke a maara maka ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ na mmetụta mmadụ na ịkụ azụ̀ zuru ụwa ọnụ, kwuru, sị:  Ọ dị ka à ga-asị na anyị na-eji ndị agha anyị alụso anụmanụ ndị nọ n’oké osimiri ọgụ. Anyị ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emeri agha a iji kpochapụ ha. Na ịhụ mbibi a na-eme, n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla - n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya - nke ahụ bụ ihe na-akụda mmụọ. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, mmetụta ndị a niile na-agbanwe agbanwe, anụmanụ niile na-apụ n'anya ga-apụta ọzọ, ụmụ anụmanụ niile dị obere ga-etolite, mmekọrịta niile ị na-ahụghị ọzọ ga-emeghachi onwe ha, na usoro ahụ ga-amaliteghachi. iputa. Dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development si kwuo, "Ịkụ azụ enweghị ike ịga n'ihu, mbelata nke ịkụ azụ na-eweta nnukwu egwu nye nri nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=Johannesburg Summit &#124; Realidad social y desarrollo|url=http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/whats_new/otherstories_fishing_2808.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528130111/http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/whats_new/otherstories_fishing_2808.htm|archivedate=2006-05-28|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> Ịkụ azụ n'ime eriri nri bụ ihe na-eme mgbe ị na'elu azụ. Ozugbo e jidere azụ niile buru ibu, onye ọkụ azụ ga-amalite igbu azụ ndị pere mpe, nke gafere na azụ dị mkpa ka e jide iji mezuo ọchịchọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-07-18|title=Fishing Down through the Food Web|work=American Fisheries Society|url=https://fisheries.org/2015/07/fishing-down-through-the-food-web/|accessdate=2018-04-02}}</ref> Nke a na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ, yana ụdị dị iche iche nke ụdị ahụ, na'ime ka ha nwee ike ibute ọrịa, ma ghara ime mgbanwe na nrụgide ha na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sonsthagen|first=Sarah A.|date=2017|title=Genetic implications of bottleneck effects of differing severities on genetic diversity in naturally recovering populations: An example from Hawaiian coot and Hawaiian gallinule|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=7|issue=23|pages=9925–9934|doi=10.1002/ece3.3530|issn=2045-7758|pmid=29238526}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, ijide obere azụ na-eduga n'ịzụlite obere ụmụ, nke nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu maka azụ. N'ọtụtụ ụdị, ka obere nwanyị, otú obere ọ na-amị mkpụrụ, na'emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Beldade|first=R.|date=2012|title=Larger female fish contribute disproportionately more to self-replenishment|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=279|issue=1736|pages=2116–2121|doi=10.1098/rspb.2011.2433|pmid=22279163}}</ref> == Ụdị == Enwere ụdị ịkụ azụ n'ụbiga mmanya ókè atọ amaara ama: oke ịkụ azụ̀ na-eto eto, iwepụta ịkụ azụ̀ karịrị akarị, na imebiga ihe ókè gburugburu ebe obibi. === Ịkụbiga azụ ókè === [[Usòrò:Overfishing_threats_to_coral_reefs.png|thumb| Ịkụ azụ gabigara ókè nwere ike imebi ụdị reef dị mkpa ma mebie ebe obibi coral. Azụ coral reef bụ ihe oriri dị mkpa maka ihe karịrị otu ijeri mmadụ n'ụwa niile.<ref>[https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral-overfishing.html How does overfishing threaten coral reefs?] ''NOAA: National Ocean Service''. Updated: 4 February 2020.</ref>]] Uto igbubiga azụ ókè na-eme mgbe a na'iwepụta azụ na nkezi nke dị obere karịa nha nke ga-emepụta ihe kachasị elu maka onye ọ bụla. Onye a na-akpọbata bụ onye na'ime ya nke na ya tozuru oke, ma ọ bụ n'etiti oke akọwapụtara site na ịkụ azụ, nke a bụ ogo maọbụ afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 December 2009|title=Fish recruitment|url=http://scotland.gov.uk/Topics/marine/marine-environment/ecosystems/population/recruitment|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301040110/http://scotland.gov.uk/Topics/marine/marine-environment/ecosystems/population/recruitment|archivedate=1 March 2014|accessdate=16 October 2013|publisher=The Scottish Government}}</ref> Nke a na-eme ka ngụkọta nke mkpụrụ dị ala karịa ka ọ ga-abụ ma ọ bụrụ na a hapụrụ azụ ahụ ka ha too ruo n'ókè kwesịrị ekwesị. Enwere ike igbochi ya site n'ibelata ọnwụ ịkụ azụ ruo n"ókè dị ala ma mụbaa nkezi nke azụ a na-ewepụta ruo na nha nke ga-enye ohere maka onye ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Growth overfishing|url=http://lobsterconservation.com/growthoverfishing/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080956/http://www.lobsterconservation.com/growthoverfishing/|archivedate=25 April 2012|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref> === Ịkụbiga azụ ndị megoro okenye === Ịkụbiga azụ ókè na-eme mgbe ndị toro eto (ihe ndị na'ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ) na - agwụla ruo n'ókè ebe ọ na na Ịbawanye ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị ndụ ruo n'ókè a chọrọ bụ ụzọ ndị njikwa si eme iji weghachite ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na'ụzọ gabigara ókè na ọkwa na ya. A na-eme nke a n'ozuzu ya site na itinye oge, oke, na oke oke dị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ. === Ịkụbiga azụ na gburugburu ebe obibi === Ịkụbiga ihe ndị dị ndụ na-eme mgbe nguzozi nke gburugburu ebe obibi gbanwere site n'ịkụbiga ihe ókè. N'ịdalata n'ụba nke ụdị anụ ọhịa buru ibu, ụbara ụdị nri nri na-abawanye na-eme ka ngbanwe nke gburugburu ebe obibi gaa n'ụdị azụ dị nta. == Ihe atụ na ihe akaebe maka igbubiga azụ ókè == Ihe atụ nke igbubiga azụ ókè dị n'ebe ndị dị ka North Sea, Grand Banks nke Newfoundland na East China Sea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.cn/english/2006-08/16/content_363493.htm|title=Pollution, overfishing destroy East China Sea fishery|editor=Lu Hui|work=[[Xinhua]] on GOV.cn|date=16 August 2006|accessdate=1 May 2012|archivedate=24 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224105748/http://www.gov.cn/english/2006-08/16/content_363493.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2020/09/10/eu-must-end-overfishing-to-protect-our-oceans-say-scientists|title=EU must end overfishing to protect our oceans, say scientists|first=Rosie|author=Frost|date=September 10, 2020|work=euronews}}</ref> N'ebe ndị a, igbubiga azụ ókè egosila na ọ bụ ọdachi nye azụ, kamakwa nye ndị na-egbu azụ na ihe ubi. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ewepụta ihe dị ka ọhịa na ịchụ nta, ịkụ azụ nwere ike inwe mmekọrịta akụ na ụba n'etiti onye nwe ya ma ọ bụ nlekọta ya na nkwado, nke a makwaara dị hi ọdachi nke ndị nkịtị. [[Usòrò:Overfished_US_stocks_2015.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Akụrụngwa US karịrị akarị, 2015]] * Ndị obodo ahụ ejidewo tuna n'elu Adriatic kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ịbawanye azụ gbochiri nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ nke obere tunny ịkwaga na Gulf of Trieste. Ndị ọkụ azụ nke Santa Croce, Contovello na Barcola jidere tuna ikpeazụ na 1954.<ref>Andrea Di Matteo "Santa Croce, 1954: ultima grande pescata di tonni", Il Piccolo, 23. August 2014.</ref> * Azụmaahịa anchovy ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Peruvian dara n"afọ ndị 1970 mgbe a gbasịrị oke azụ na oge El Niño nke mere ka anchovies ghara ịdị na mmiri ya.<ref name="peru">{{Cite web|url=http://www.american.edu/TED/anchovy.htm|title=Peruvian Anchovy Case: Anchovy Depletion and Trade|work=Trade and Environment Database|year=1999|accessdate=5 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1982|year=1981}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/peru/55.htm|title=Peru - Fishing|work=Federal Research Division of the U.S. Library of Congress|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref> Anchovies bụ isi ihe okike na [[Peru]]; n'ezie, 1971 naanị wepụtara nde 10.2 nke anchovias. Otú ọ dị, n'ime afọ ise sochirinụ, ụgbọ mmiri Peruvian na-ejide naanị ihe dị ka nde tọn anọ.<ref name="peru" /> Nke a bụ nnukwu mfu maka akụ na ụba Peru. * Nkwada nke azụ azụ Atlantic n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na Newfoundland, na mkpebi nke 1992 nke [[Kánada|Canada]] iji tinye oge a na-akparaghị ókè na Grand Banks, bụ ihe atụ dị egwu nke nsonaazụ nke igbubiga azụ ókè.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kunzig|first=R|url=http://discovermagazine.com/1995/apr/twilightofthecod489|title=Twilight of the Cod|journal=[[Discover (magazine)|Discover]]|date=April 1995|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref> * Nanị ịkụ azụ dị n'Oké Osimiri Irish, n"ebe ọdịda anyanwụ English Channel, na ebe ndị ọzọ aghọwo igbubiga azụ ókè ruo nʼókè nke ọdịdoro, dị ka atụmatụ ọrụ Biodiversity Action nke gọọmentị UK si kwuo. [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] emeela ihe dị iche iche na atụmatụ a iji gbalịa iweghachi ịkụ azụ, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-agbasawanye n'ụwa niile na ọchịchọ na ụba maka azụ eruola ebe ọchịchọ maka nri na'ihe ize ndụ nke ịkụ azụ̀ ndị a, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ndụ ụdị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fishing|first=Costa Rica Experts|title=Fishing Costa Rica|url=https://www.costaricafishingexperts.com/}}</ref> * Ọtụtụ azụ miri emi dị n'ihe ize ndụ, dị ka oroma na sablefish. Oké osimiri miri emi fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gbaa ọchịchịrị kpamkpam, ọ fọrọ obere ka oyi, ma nwee obere nri. Azụ ndị dị n'oké osimiri na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ n"ihi obere nri, nwere metabolizms dị nwayọ, ọnụego ọmụmụ dị ala, ọtụtụ anaghị eru ntozu oke maka afọ 30 ruo 40. Otu ihe na-acha oroma siri ike na ụlọ ahịa ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 50. Ọtụtụ azụ miri emi dị na mmiri mba ụwa, ebe enweghị nchebe iwu. Ọtụtụ n'ime azụ ndị a na-ejide ndị na'oké osimiri n"akụkụ ugwu mmiri, ebe ha na -ezukọta maka nri. Flash freezing na-enye ndị na'ụgbọ mmiri ohere ịrụ ọrụ ọtụtụ ụbọchị n'otu oge, ndị hụrụ azụ n"oge a na ndị ọkụ azụ na ha na - na azụ ahụ n "ụzọ dị mfe".<ref>{{Cite web|work=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]]|author=Floyd|first=Mark|year=2007|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-02/osu-ldf021307.php|title=Long-lived deep-sea fishes imperilled by technology, overfishing|accessdate=1 May 2012|archivedate=23 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423105548/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-02/osu-ldf021307.php}}</ref> * Blue walleye ghọrọ ihe na-adịghịzi adị na Great Lakes na 1980s. Ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 20, walleye bụ azụ bara uru n"ahịa, ihe dị ka ọkara nde tọn na-ada nʼoge site n "ihe dị na 1880 ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1950, mgbe ndị mmadụ dara, o doro anya na site na njikọta nke igbubiga azụ ókè, eutrophication nke mmadụ, na asọmpi na ntinye ụzarị ụyọkọ. * The World Wide Fund for Nature na Zoological Society of [[London]] jikọrọ aka wepụta "Living Blue Planet Report" ha na 16 Septemba 2015 nke na-ekwu na e nwere ọdịda dị egwu nke 74% na ngwaahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke azụ scombridae dị mkpa dị ka mackerel, tuna na bonitos n'etiti 1970 na 2010, yana "ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke nke anụ na'ụwa niile, nnụnụ, anụ ndị na na mmiri na azụ dara site na ọkara na nkezi naanị afọ 40". * Ịkụbiga azụ ókè nke Pacific bluefin tuna nọ n'ihe ize ndụ emeela ka ole na ole ka na-ere maka ọnụahịa mbara igwe. Na Jenụwarị 2019, a na-ere 278 kilogram (612 pound) tuna maka 333.6 nde yen, ma ọ bụ ihe karịrị US $ 3 nde, US$ 4,900 kwa pound. Ndị ọkụ azụ, n'ihi uru dị elu nke azụ ahụ, na-eji usoro pụrụ iche ejide ha, hapụ ndị bi na ya n"ọnụ ọdịda.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Specia|first=Megan|title=Japan's 'King of Tuna' Pays Record $3 Million for Bluefin at New Tokyo Fish Market|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/world/asia/record-tuna-price-japan.html|accessdate=19 December 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=5 January 2019}}</ref> * Sharks na rays: Ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sharks and rayes ejirila pasent 71 belata kemgbe 1970, n'ihi mmụba okpukpu iri na asatọ na nrụgide ịkụ azụ. N'ihi ya, ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụdị ndị mejupụtara otu a nọ n"ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ ugbu a.<ref name="Pacoureau">{{Cite journal|author=Pacoureau|first=Nathan|date=January 2021|title=Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03173-9|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=589|issue=7843|pages=567–571|doi=10.1038/s41586-020-03173-9|pmid=33505035|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> * Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2003 chọpụtara na, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkwa 1950, ọ bụ naanị ihe fọdụrụ (n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, dị ka 10%) n"ime nnukwu azụ niile dị n-oké osimiri ka a hapụrụ nʼoké Osimiri. Nnukwu azụ ndị a dị n'oké osimiri bụ ụdị dị na n"elu usoro nri (dịka, tuna, cod, nʼetiti ndị ọzọ). A katọrọ isiokwu a dị ka nke nwere ntụpọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ arụmụka ka dị na ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị azụ ugbu a na-ewere nsonaazụ ndị ahụ na ọ baghị uru n"ihe gbasara nnukwu pelagics (oké osimiri mepere emepe).<ref>[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/PFRP/large_pelagics/large_pelagic_predators.html ''Changes in the Biomass of Large Pelagic Predators''] – Pelagic Fisheries Research Program</ref> === Na njikwa === Ọtụtụ mba na-achịkwa azụ azụ ha n'ụzọ dị irè ugbu a. Ihe atụ gụnyere [[Iceland]] na [[New Zealand]].<ref name="gaiavince">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120920-are-we-running-out-of-fish|title=BBC - Future - How the world's oceans could be running out of fish|author=Gaia Vince|work=BBC}}</ref> [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] agbanweela ọtụtụ n'ime azụmaahịa ya site n"ịbụ nke na-agwụ ike.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/03/130326-fish-stocks-rebound-fisheries-management/|title=Once Decimated U.S. Fish Stocks Enjoy Big Bounce Back|work=National Ggeographic|date=26 March 2013|archive-date=28 March 2013|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328073724/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/03/130326-fish-stocks-rebound-fisheries-management/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nsonaazụ ya == [[Usòrò:Surexploitation_morue_surpêcheEn.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|A na-egbute oke azụ Atlantic cod n'afọ ndị 1970 na 1980, na ọ kpatara ọdịda mberede ha na 1992.]] Dị ka akụkọ UN nke afọ 2008 si kwuo, ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ nke ụwa na-efunahụ ijeri US $ 50 kwa afọ n'ihi nkwụsịtụ na nlekọta azụmaahịa na nke ọma. Akụkọ ahụ, nke [[World Bank|ụlọ]] akụ ụwa na UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) jikọrọ aka mepụta, na-ekwusi ike na ọkara ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ nke ụwa nwere ike ịhapụ n'enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla na ijide. Na mgbakwunye, a hapụrụ biomass nke azụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ gbadaa ruo n'ókè ebe ọ na-agaghị ekwe omume ijide oke azụ enwere ike ijidesi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7660011.stm|title=Fisheries waste costs billions|work=BBC News|author=Black|first=Richard|date=8 October 2008|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref> A na-ejikọta mmụba nke [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]] n'Africa na mbelata nke ụdị azụ na'anya snails na ya na nje na na -akpata ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/12/1201_051201_overfishing.html|title=Overfishing Is Emptying World's Rivers, Lakes, Experts Warn|first=James|author=Owen|work=National Geographic News|accessdate=16 October 2013|archive-date=16 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316201922/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/12/1201_051201_overfishing.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nnukwu mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ jellyfish na-eyi azụ egwu, ka ha na azụ na'asọ mpi maka nri, na na nsí ma ọ bụ azụ swarm, ma nwee ike ịdị ndụ na gburugburu ebe ikuku oxygen na azụ̀ na ọ gaghị enwe ike; ha nwere ike imebi azụ ahịa. Ịkụbiga azụ ókè na-ewepụ nnukwu onye na'asọmpi jellyfish na onye oriri, na na -eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ jells na ibe ya ka njọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Richardson|first=Anthony J.|date=1 June 2009|title=The jellyfish joyride: causes, consequences and management responses to a more gelatinous future|journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution|volume=24|issue=6|pages=312–322|doi=10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.010|pmid=19324452}}</ref> A chọpụtala na mgbanwe ihu igwe na nhazi nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ jellyfish na Oké Osimiri Irish na 1990s.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lynam|first=C. P.|date=1 February 2011|title=Have jellyfish in the Irish Sea benefited from climate change and overfishing?|journal=Global Change Biology|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=767–782|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02352.x|issn=1365-2486}}</ref> Dabere na 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services nke Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on bipụtara na Biadiversidad and ecossystem Services, igbubiga azụ ókè bụ isi ihe na-akpata nnukwu mkpochapụ n'oké osimiri ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/aaf1091c5aae40b0a110daaf04950672|title=UN report: Humans accelerating extinction of other species|author=Borenstein|first=Seth|date=6 May 2019|work=AP News|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref> Nnyocha e bipụtara na 2021 na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature kwusiri ike na "isi ihe kpatara" mmebi nke oké osimiri bụ igbubiga azụ ókè.<ref name="Pacoureau"/> Nnyocha ndị ọzọ egosila na igbubiga azụ ókè belatara oke azụ na anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara site na 60% kemgbe afọ 1800, ma ugbu a na'ịkụ ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke sharks na rays ka ha kpochapụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hatton|first=Ian A.|date=2021|title=The global ocean size spectrum from bacteria to whales|url=|journal=[[Science Advances]]|volume=7|issue=46|pages=eabh3732|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abh3732|pmid=34757796}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dulvy|first=Nicholas K.|date=2021|title=Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis|url=|journal=[[Current Biology]]|volume=31|issue=21|pages=4773–4787|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.062|pmid=34492229}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ ndị a na-anabata == Echiche nke igbubiga azụ ókè na-adabere n'ihe "ọkwa a na'anya" nke ịkụ azụ pụtara. Okwu ndị ọzọ doro anya nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na bioeconomic na-akọwa ọkwa a na ya dị ka ndị a: * '''Ịkụbiga azụ ókè''' na-eme mgbe ọnwụ ịkụ azụ eruola ọkwa ebe anụmanụ nwere uto dị njọ (ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke uto biomass), dịka mpaghara uhie dị na onyinyo ahụ gosipụtara. (A na-ewepụ azụ̀ n'ime mmiri ngwa ngwa nke na ịba ụba nke anụmanụ site n"ịmụ nwa na'ebelata. Ọ bụrụ na ngwongwo ahụ na-aga n'ihu na'ebelata ruo ogologo oge, ngụkọta ga-agbanwe ma ọnụ ọgụgụ ga na -ebelatara.)<ref name="Tropical Fisheries Management">{{Cite journal|author=Pauly|first=D.|title=On development, fisheries and dynamite: a brief review of tropical fisheries management|journal=Natural Resource Modeling|year=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=307–329|url=http://www.seaaroundus.org/researcher/dpauly/PDF/1989/JournalArticles/OnDevelopmentFisheriesDynamite.pdf|accessdate=15 October 2013|doi=10.1111/j.1939-7445.1989.tb00084.x|archive-date=6 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806080043/http://www.seaaroundus.org/researcher/dpauly/PDF/1989/JournalArticles/OnDevelopmentFisheriesDynamite.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ịkụ azụ gabigara oke akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ bioeconomic na-atụle ọnụahịa nke ịkụ azụ mgbe ị na'ịchọpụta ihe ndị a na ya ga-anabata. N'okpuru usoro a, a na-ewere ịkụ azụ dị ka igbubiga azụ ókè mgbe e jidere ihe karịrị oke akụ na ụba ebe ego a gbazitere dị na ya. A na-ewepụ azụ n'ọrụ ịkụ azụ ngwa ngwa nke na uru nke ịkụ azụ̀ adịghị mma. Nkọwa siri ike nke oke azụ na-atụle uru dị ugbu a nke '''ịkụ azụ''' site na iji ọnụego ego dị mkpa iji bulie ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ego mgbazinye ihe onwunwe karịa niile a ga-egbu n'ọdịnihu. [[Usòrò:Harvest_Control_Rule_graph.gif|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Nkwekọrịta agba Traffic Light, na-egosi echiche nke Iwu Nchịkwa Owuwe Ihe ubi (HCR), na'ịkọwapụta mgbe atụmatụ iwughachi dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara nchebe na njedebe nke ebe ntụle maka spawning biomass na ọnwụ ịkụ azụ.]] === Iwu nchịkwa owuwe ihe ubi === Ihe nlereanya a tụrụ aro na 2010 maka ịkọ ọkwa dị mma nke igbu azụ bụ Iwu Nchịkwa Owuwe Ihe ubi (HCR), nke bụ usoro ngwaọrụ na usoro nchịkwa nke njikwa nwere ụfọdụ njirimara nke ọnụego owuwe ihe ubi na atụmatụ n'ihe metụtara ịkọ ọdịnihu ọnọdụ ngwaahịa, na mmepụta kachasị ogologo oge.<ref name="HCR">{{Cite journal|author=Froese|first=Rainer|title=Generic harvest control rules for European fisheries|journal=Fish and Fisheries|date=1 September 2011|volume=12|issue=3|pages=340–351|doi=10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00387.x|url=http://oceanrep.geomar.de/9888/2/Neues_Fischereimanagement_s...pdf}}</ref> Ịnọgide na-egbute na ọnwụ na igbu azụ bụ ụdị iwu abụọ dị mfe nke nchịkwa owuwe ihe ubi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Coad|first=Brian W|year=2008|url=http://www.briancoad.com/Complete%20Dictionary%20latest%20version.htm|title=Dictionary of Ichthyology|accessdate=15 October 2013}}</ref> === Ntuziaka ntinye na mmepụta === Enwere ike ịkọwa ikike ịkụ azụ site na iji ntinye ma ọ bụ ntụziaka mmepụta. * A na-akọwa ikike ịkụ azụ na ntinye dị ka nnukwu ego dị na ịkụ azụ̀ nke a na'ụzọ zuru ezu na arụmọrụ kachasị elu n'oge a nyere, nyere akụ na ọnọdụ ahịa. * A na-akọwa ikike ịkụ azụ na mmepụta dị ka oke mmiri ụgbọ mmiri (ụgbọ mmiri) nwere ike ịmepụta ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ntinye mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu nyere biomass, ntinye a kwụsiri ike, usoro afọ nke azụ, na ọkwa teknụzụ dị ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00141-8|author=Vestergaard|first=N.|year=2003|title=Measuring Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Fisheries. The Case of the Danish Gillnet Fleet|url=https://archive.org/details/fisheries-research_2003-02_60_2-3/page/357|journal=Fisheries Research|volume=60|issue=2–3|pages=357–68}}</ref> A na-eche na arụmọrụ teknụzụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla dị mkpa iji nweta nnukwu nwude a. Ogo nke itinye n'ọrụ na-arụpụta site na ntụnyere n'ezie ọkwa nke mmepụta (ntinye) na ikike mmepụta (ntinye) nke ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri. == Mbelata igbubiga azụ ókè == Iji zute nsogbu nke igbubiga azụ ókè, ewebatala usoro nchebe na Iwu Nchịkwa Owuwe Ihe ubi (HCR) na isi azụ gburugburu ụwa. Nkwekọrịta agba Traffic Light na-ewebata usoro iwu dabere na ụkpụrụ dị oke egwu akọwapụtara, nke enwere ike idozi ka a na'inweta ozi ndị ọzọ. [[Nkwekọrịta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Iwu Oké Osimiri|Nkwekọrịta]] United Nations on the Law of the Sea na-ekwu maka akụkụ nke igbubiga azụ ókè na isiokwu 61, 62, na 65.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part5.htm|title=Text of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Part V|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref> * Nkeji edemede 61 na-achọ ka steeti niile dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri hụ na nlekọta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na mpaghara akụ na ụba ha pụrụ iche anaghị etinye onwe ha n"ihe ize ndụ site na [[Overexploitation|mmegbu gabigara ókè]]. Otu isiokwu ahụ na-ekwu maka mmezi ma ọ bụ iweghachi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị dị iche iche n'elu ọkwa nke ọmụmụ ha nwere ike ịbụ ihe egwu. * Nkeji edemede 62 na-enye na steeti ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri: "ga-akwalite ebumnuche nke iji ihe ndị na'ihe onwunwe dị ndụ mee ihe n"ụzọ kachasị mma na mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche nʼenweghị ajọ mbunobi na Nkezi edemedo 61". * Nkeji edemede 65 na-enye n'ozuzu ikike nke, tinyere, steeti ndị dị n"ụsọ oké osimiri iji machibido, belata, ma ọ bụ chịkwaa mmegbu nke anụ na'ime mmiri. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-ekiri ihe na na ya si kwuo, enwere ike ile igbubiga azụ anya dị ka ihe atụ nke ọdachi nke ndị mmadụ n'obodo ahụ; ihe ngwọta kwesịrị ekwesị ga-akwalite [[Ikike inwe ihe|ikike ihe onwunwe]] site na, dịka ọmụmaatụ, privatization na ịkụ azụ. Daniel K. Benjamin, na Fisheries are Classic Example of the 'Tragedy of la Commons', kwuru na nyocha nke Grafton, Squires na Fox iji kwado echiche ahụ na privatization nwere ike idozi nsogbu igbubiga azụ: Dị ka nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya gbasara ''ịkụ azụ'' azụ na British Columbia halibut, ebe a na'ozuzu ya bụ nke onwe, uru dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba emeela. Enwere obere mmebi na azụ, ịkụ azụ dị nchebe karị, na obere ihe onwunwe dị mkpa iji nweta ihe ubi. "<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Benjamin|first=Daniel K|year=2001|url=http://perc.org/publications/percreports/march2001/tangents.php|title=Fisheries are Classic Example of the Tragedy of the Commons|journal=PERC Reports|volume=19|archive-date=2005-02-19|access-date=2023-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050219192447/http://perc.org/publications/percreports/march2001/tangents.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ihe ngwọta ọzọ nwere ike, ma ọ dịkarịa ala maka mpaghara ụfọdụ, bụ oke, na-egbochi ndị ọkụ azụ na oke azụ. O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-ekwe omume bụ ikwupụta mpaghara ụfọdụ nke oké osimiri "ebe a na-agaghị aga" ma mee ka ịkụ azụ n'ebe ahụ bụrụ ihe iwu na'akwadoghị, yabụ azụ ahụ nwere oge iji gbakee ma weghachite. Iji bulie ihe onwunwe ụfọdụ mba, dịka Bangladesh na Thailand, emeela ka nnweta nke ọrụ atụmatụ ezinụlọ dịkwuo mma. Obere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-esi na ya apụta nwere mbelata gburugburu ebe obibi na mbeba nri.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-do-fishing-and-family-planning-have-in-common/a-36826151|title=What do fishing and family planning have in common?|date=20 December 2016|work=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|accessdate=28 January 2019}}</ref> Ịchịkwa omume na ọchịchọ ndị ahịa dị oke mkpa n'ibelata omume. N'ụwa niile, ọtụtụ atụmatụ pụtara iji nye ndị na-azụ ahịa ozi gbasara [[ọnọdụ nchekwa]] nke nri mmiri ha nwere. "Guide to Good Fish Guides" depụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guide to Good Fish Guides|url=http://overfishing.org/pages/guide_to_good_fish.php|work=Overfishing|accessdate=19 December 2019}}</ref> === Iwu gọọmentị === Enwere ọtụtụ usoro nchịkwa maka ịchịkwa igbubiga azụ ókè. Nzọụkwụ ndị a gụnyere oke igbu azụ, oke akpa, ikikere, oge mechiri emechi, njedebe nha na ịmepụta ebe nchekwa mmiri na ebe ndị ọzọ a na-echebe mmiri. Ihe nlereanya nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti azụ na ndị ọkụ azụ gosipụtara na mgbe a na-emechi mpaghara maka ndị na'egbu azụ, mana enweghị iwu ijide azụ dị ka oke a ga-ebufe n"otu nʼotu, a naghị amụba ijupụta azụ nwa oge mana a belatara biomass azụ n-ebelata, na a chọrọ nsonaazụ dị iche site na nke achọrọ maka ịkụ azụ. Ya mere, ịkwaga ụgbọ mmiri site n'otu obodo gaa na nke ọzọ ga-enwekarị mmetụta dị nta ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere otu quota ahụ. N'ihi ya, usoro nchịkwa dị ka mmechi nwa oge ma ọ bụ iguzobe ebe nchekwa mmiri nke ebe ịkụ azụ adịghị arụ ọrụ mgbe ejikọtaghị ya na oke ịkụ azụ̀. Nsogbu dị n'ime ya na oke bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ dịgasị iche site n"afọ ruo n "afọ". Nnyocha achọpụtala na ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ na-arị elu nke ukwuu mgbe afọ oké ifufe gasịrị n'ihi ihe oriri ndị ọzọ na'elu ala ma si otú a na ya mepụta ihe dị ukwuu. Iji gbuo azụ n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide, ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe oke kwa afọ iji kọwaa ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ. Quota ndị a na-ebufe n'otu n"otu (ITQs) bụ ngwá ọrụ ndị na'ịkụ azụ akọwapụtara nʼokpuru Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act dị ka ikike ịnweta oke azụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ maka ịkụ azụ na'ụlọ ikpebi oke azụ (ngụkọta a na ya) ka a ga-ewepụta n'otu azụ. Mkpebi ahụ na-atụle ikike ibu, ọnụego mmelite na ụkpụrụ ọdịnihu. N'okpuru ITQs, a na-enye ndị otu azụmaahịa ikike maka pasentị nke ngụkọta nke a ga-enweta kwa afọ. Enwere ike igbu azụ, zụta, ree, ma ọ bụ gbazite oke ndị a na-enye ohere iji ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị ọnụ ala. A na-eji ITQs eme ihe na [[New Zealand]], [[Ostraliya|Australia]], [[Iceland]], [[Kánada|Canada]], na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]. N'afọ 2008, nyocha buru ibu banyere ịkụ azụ nke jiri ITQs tụnyere ndị na-enyeghị ihe akaebe siri ike na ITCs nwere ike inye aka gbochie ọdịda ma weghachite ịkụ azụ̀ nke yiri ka ọ na'ebelata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/channel/earth/dn14762-guaranteed-fish-quotas-halt-commercial-freeforall.html|work=New Scientist|title=Guaranteed fish quotas halt commercial free-for-all|first=Debora|author=MacKenzie|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/science/displayStory.cfm?source=hptextfeature&story_id=12253181|title=A Rising Tide: Scientists find proof that privatising fishing stocks can avert a disaster|work=[[The Economist]]|date=18 September 2008|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-09/s-nso091208.php|title=New study offers solution to global fisheries collapse|date=18 September 2008|work=Eureka alert|accessdate=1 May 2012|archivedate=15 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215062049/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-09/s-nso091208.php}}</ref> China machibidoro igbu azụ na South China Sea maka oge kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/09/content_11513280.htm|title=South China Sea fishing ban "indisputable": foreign ministry spokesman|work=Chinaview|editor=Zhang Xiang|date=9 June 2009|accessdate=1 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104143459/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/09/content_11513280.htm|archivedate=4 November 2012}}</ref> === Iwepụ enyemaka === N'ihi na gọọmentị nyere enyemaka ego nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru n'ụzọ akụ na ụba iji gbuo azụ karịa ọkwa dị mma, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị akpọọla ka a kwụsị enyemaka azụ a kwụrụ maka ịkụ azụ miri emi. N'ime mmiri mba ụwa karịa mpaghara akụ na ụba 200 nke mba ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ọtụtụ azụ anaghị achịkwa, na ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu azụ na teknụzụ ọkaibe na'ebe dị omimi. N'ime awa ole na ole, nnukwu ụgbụ dị arọ ruo tọn 15, nke ndị na-adọkpụ n'ala, nwere ike ibibi coral ndị dị n"oké osimiri na ala sponge nke were ọtụtụ narị afọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ puku afọ iji too. Ndị na-egbute azụ nwere ike ilekwasị anya na oroma, grenadiers, ma ọ bụ sharks. Azụ ndị a na-adịkarị ogologo ndụ ma na'azụ oge, ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na -ewe ọtụtụ iri afọ, ọbụna ọtụtụ narị afọ iji gbakee.<ref name="AAAS 2007">{{Cite web|work=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]]|year=2007|url=http://www.mcbi.org/what/what_pdfs/LastWildHuntPR_FinalFeb14_2007.pdf?ID=150|title=The last wild hunt – Deep-sea fisheries scrape bottom of the sea|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref> Onye sayensị azụ Daniel Pauly na onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba Ussif Rashid Sumaila enyochawo enyemaka a kwụrụ maka ụgbọ mmiri na ala gburugburu ụwa. Ha chọpụtara na a na-akwụ US $ 152 nde kwa afọ maka ịkụ azụ miri emi. Enweghị enyemaka ndị a, ịkụ azụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-arụ ọrụ na mfu nke US $ 50 nde kwa afọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime enyemaka a kwụrụ ndị na-egbute azụ n"oké osimiri bụ iji kwado nnukwu mmanụ achọrọ iji gaafe ókè nke kilomita 200 ma dọrọ ụgbụ dị arọ.<ref name="AAAS 2007"/><blockquote> "O doro anya na e nwere ụzọ ka mma maka gọọmentị iji mefu ego karịa site n'ịkwụ ụgwọ enyemaka maka ụgbọ mmiri na-ere ọkụ 1.1 ijeri lita mmanụ kwa afọ iji mee ka azụ ochie na'ebe ndị dị oke egwu na ha na ya na mberede, ka ha nọ na na usoro ahụ".<ref name="AAAS 2007"/> "Iwepụ enyemaka ego zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-eme ka ụgbọ mmiri ndị a ghara ịdị irè n'ụzọ akụ na ụba ma belata nrụgide dị ukwuu na oke azụ na gburugburu ebe obibi dị omimi".<ref name="AAAS 2007" /> </blockquote>A na-eduzi ihe karịrị ijeri euro ịrị atọ na enyemaka ọha na eze maka ịkụ azụ kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/press/2019/10/global-trade-deal-needed-urgently-to-ban-subsidies-threatening-fish-stocks/|title=Global Trade Deal Needed Urgently to Ban Subsidies Threatening Fish Stocks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd.org/agriculture/government-subsidies-overfishing/|title=Many government subsidies lead to overfishing. Here's a solution. - OECD}}</ref> === Mbelata mmetụta ịkụ azụ === Enwere ike ịgbanwe usoro ịkụ azụ iji belata ihe a na-ejide ma belatara mmetụta na ebe obibi mmiri. Usoro ndị a gụnyere iji ụdị ngwa dịgasị iche iche dabere na ụdị a na-achọ na Ụdị ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụgbụ nwere oghere buru ibu ga-eme ka azụ ndị na-adịchaghị ukwuu zere ijide ha. Ngwaọrụ na-ekpuchi mbe (TED) na'enye ohere ka mbe mmiri na megafauna ndị ọzọ gbapụ n'ụgbụgbọ mmiri. Izere igbu azụ n'ebe a na-amụ nwa nwere ike ikwe ka azụ ndị ọzọ wughachi site n"inye ndị okenye ohere ịmụ nwa. [[Usòrò:World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group.svg|thumb|Ịkụ azụ n'ụwa na mmepụta aquaculture site n"ìgwè ụdị, site na FAO's Statistical Yearbook 2020<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1329en|title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2020|publisher=FAO|year=2020|isbn=978-92-5-133394-5|location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cb1329en}}</ref>]] === Ọzụzụ azụ === Aquaculture na-agụnye ịzụ azụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Usoro a na-eme ka azụ dị iche iche bụrụ nke onwe ma na'ịmepụta ihe mkpali maka ndị ọrụ ugbo iji chekwaa azụ ha. Ọ na-ebelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Otú ọ dị, ịkụ azụ na-eri anụ, dị ka salmon, anaghị ebelata nrụgide na azụ ọhịa mgbe niile, ebe ọ bụ na a na'azụkarị azụ ndị na -eri ahịhịa na mmanụ azụ a wepụtara na azụ̀ ọhịa. Ụdị dị iche iche nke salmon Pacific na salmon Atlantic dị mfe ịzụlite n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ọrụ aquacultural dị otú ahụ adịla ihe karịrị afọ 150. Nnukwu ntọhapụ nke salmon zụlitere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ iji gbakwunye ọsọ salmon ọhịa ga-emekarị ka nrụgide ịkụ azụ dị na ọsọ Salmon ọhịa nke na-adịchaghị. Aquaculture rụrụ obere ọrụ n'iwepụta ihe ndị dị n"oké osimiri ruo nʼafọ ndị 1970. Uto na aquaculture mụbara ngwa ngwa na 1990s mgbe ọnụego nke ijide ọhịa dị elu. Aquaculture ugbu a na-enye ihe dịka ọkara nke ihe niile dị n'ime mmiri. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta mmiri na-aga n'ihu na'ịba ụba mgbe owuwe ihe ubi ọhịa na na - nọgidere na. Ịkpa azụ nwere ike ime ka usoro ọmụmụ niile nke azụ ahụ, ebe a na-azụ azụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Azụ ụfọdụ na-esiri ike ịmụ nwa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma nwee ike ijide ha n"ọhịa dị ka ụmụaka ma kpọbata ha na ụlọ mkpọrọ iji mee ka ha dịkwuo arọ. Site na ọganihu sayensị, a na-eme ka ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche na ya na ndị a dọtara n'agha. Nke a bụ ikpe nke Southern bluefin tuna, nke mbụ a zụlitere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na 2009. === Ịmata ndị ahịa === Ka ụmụ amaala ụwa na-aghọwanye ndị maara banyere igbubiga azụ na mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi nke oké osimiri, mmegharị ahụ amalitela iji gbaa ndị mmadụ ume ka ha ghara iri nri ọ bụla nke mmiri na ọ bụ naanị "ihe oriri mmiri dị mma".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Monbiot|first=George|title=Stop eating fish. It's the only way to save the life in our seas|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/09/seas-stop-eating-fish-fishing-industry-government|accessdate=19 December 2019|work=The Guardian|date=9 May 2019|format=Opinion}}</ref> Nri mmiri na-adịgide adịgide bụ mmegharị nke nwetara ume ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na'ịmata banyere igbubiga azụ na usoro igbu azụ nke na na - na Nri mmiri na-adịgide adịgide bụ nri mmiri sitere na ebe a na'azụ azụ ma ọ bụ ebe ndị a zụrụ azụ nke nwere ike ịnọgide na maọbawanye mmepụta n'ọdịnihu n"enweghị itinye usoro okike nke e si nweta ya n-eyi egwu. N'ozuzu, azụ na-eto ngwa ngwa nke na'oge ndụ, dị ka oroma siri ike, nwere ike igbubiga azụ ókè. Ụdị nri mmiri ndị na-eto ngwa ngwa ma na'ịzụ ụmụ, dị ka anchorus na sardines, na na - na Ọtụtụ òtù, gụnyere Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), na Friend of the Sea, na-egosi na azụ azụ mmiri dị ka na'oge na -adịgide adịgide. Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri emepụtala ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịkụ azụ na-adịgide adịgide na nke a na'ụzọ dị mma. A na-akwụ ụgwọ nchịkwa na omume azụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na iji akara gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ ya na'acha anụnụ anụcha. Ndị na-azụ ahịa na'echegbu onwe ha banyere igbubiga azụ na ihe ọ na na ya na - na: na Nke a na-enyere ndị na'azụ ahịa aka itinye aka n'ịgbanwe mbelata nke azụ. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị n"afọ 2012, a nyochala ihe karịrị 100 azụ azụ gburugburu ụwa ma kwado ya dị ka izute ụkpụrụ MSC. [http://www.msc.org/where-to-buy/ Ebe] ha ga-azụta na-edepụta nri mmiri a kwadoro ugbu a. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2012, ihe karịrị 13,000 MSC-labelled ngwaahịa dị na mba 74 gburugburu ụwa. Fish & Kids bụ ọrụ MSC iji kụziere ụmụ akwụkwọ banyere nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri, gụnyere igbubiga azụ ókè. The Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch Program, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ụlọ ọrụ na-enye asambodo dị ka MSC, na'enyekwa nduzi maka nkwado nke ụdị azụ ụfọdụ.<ref> {{Cite web|url=http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/SeafoodWatch/web/sfw_faq.aspx|title=Monterey Bay Aquarium: Seafood Watch Program - Frequently Asked Questions|accessdate=1 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215052812/http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/SeafoodWatch/web/sfw_faq.aspx|archivedate=15 February 2009}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ mmiri amalitela inye nhọrọ nri mmiri na-adịgide adịgide. Seafood Choices Alliance bụ òtù nke ndị otu ya gụnyere ndị isi nri na-enye nri mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seafoodchoices.com/home.php|title=Seafood Choices - Promoting Sustainable Seafood|work=seafoodchoices.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323015851/http://www.seafoodchoices.com/home.php|archivedate=23 March 2006}}</ref> Na US, Iwu Azụmaahịa Na-adịgide adịgide na-akọwa omume na'adịgidere site na ụkpụrụ mba. Ọ bụ ezie na enweghi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-enye asambodo dị ka MSC, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration emeela [http://www.fishwatch.gov/ FishWatch] iji nyere aka iduzi ndị na'azụ ahịa na nhọrọ nri mmiri na ya. Na Septemba 2016, mmekọrịta nke [[Google]] na Oceana na Skytruth gosipụtara Global Fishing Watch, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ e mere iji nyere ụmụ amaala ụwa aka n'ịgbaso ọrụ ịkụ azụ.<ref>[http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/global-fishing-watch-google/ Google Launches Global Fishing Watch]—''[[Digital Trends]]'' (16 September 2016)</ref><ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-sharpless/oceana-unveils-global-fis_b_12030462.html Oceana Unveils Global Fishing Watch]—''[[Huffington Post]]'' (15 September 2016)</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-16/illegal-fishing-watch-site-crowdsourced-solution-overfishing/7851064 Illegal fishing targeted by crowdsourcing thanks to new Global Fishing Watch website]—[[ABC News (Australia)|''ABC News'' (Australia)]] (15 September 2016)</ref> === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ === Mba United Nations etinyela ịkụ azụ n'adịgịde adịgide na njedebe na-enye aka n'ịkụbiga azụ dị ka isi ebumnuche maka 2030 dịka akụkụ nke ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable Development 14 nke akpọrọ "Ndụ N'okpuru Mmiri"..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goal 14 targets|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14-life-below-water/targets.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930060036/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14-life-below-water/targets.html|archivedate=2020-09-30|accessdate=2020-09-24|work=UNDP|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe mgbochi maka njikwa dị irè == Ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ nwere nkwalite ego siri ike iji megide usoro ụfọdụ e mere iji melite nkwado nke azụ.<ref name="Bolster 2012"/> Ndị na-egbu azụ ntụrụndụ nwekwara mmasị n'ịnọgide na'ebe a na - enweta azụ. Nke a na-eduga na lobbying sara mbara nke nwere ike igbochi ma ọ bụ mebie iwu gọọmentị ezubere iji gbochie igbubiga azụ. N'èzí mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche nke mba, ịkụ azụ siri ike ịchịkwa. Nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu azụ n'oké osimiri nweere onwe ha iji mebie azụ dị iche iche n"ụzọ ọ bụla ha chọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Urbina|first=Ian|date=19 November 2020|title=Lawless Ocean: The Link Between Human Rights Abuses and Overfishing|url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/lawless-ocean-the-link-between-human-rights-abuses-and-overfishing|work=Yale University, School of The Environment}}</ref> N'ime mmiri ndị bụ isiokwu nke esemokwu ala, mba nwere ike ịkwalite igbubiga azụ ókè. atụ a ma ama bụ agha cod ebe Britain jiri ụgbọ mmiri ya chebe ndị na-egbu azụ ya na mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche nke [[Iceland]]. Azụ na'oge na - agafe. Ọtụtụ ụdị ga-agafe n'enweghị ihe mgbochi site na ikike dị iche iche. Mgbalị nchedo nke otu mba nwere ike iji nke ọzọ mee ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị nwere ike ịmepụta iwu iji chịkwaa omume ndị mmadụ, ọrụ ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị nwere ikike imebi nke a. Atụmatụ nke oke nke nnweta iwu na-akwadoghị dị site na nde tọn 11 ruo 26, nke na'anọchite anya 14-33% nke njide ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-2/fisheries/illegal-fishing/|title=Illegal fishing « World Ocean Review|work=worldoceanreview.com}}</ref> Ịkụ azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ụdị. Na mba ụfọdụ na-emepe emepe, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị ogbenye na'adabere n'ịkụ azụ. Ọ nwere ike isi ike ịchịkwa ụdị igbubiga azụ a, ọkachasị maka gọọmentị na-adịghị ike. Ọbụna na gburugburu ebe a na-achịkwa, igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na'akwadoghị nwere ike ime. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-achịkwa ịkụ azụ nke ọma, ndị na'ụgbọ azụ na ntụrụndụ nwere ike imebi iwu dịka oke akpa na mmechi oge. Onye ọkụ azụ nwekwara ike igbu azụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị site n"ime ihe ndị dị ka ịkọ akụkọ ole azụ ha jidere ma ọ bụ kọọ na ha gburu otu ụdị azụ mgbe ha na'ezie na ya na onye ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sumaila|first=U. R.|date=1 November 2006|title=Global scope and economics of illegal fishing|url=https://archive.org/details/marine-policy_2006-11_30_6/page/696|journal=Marine Policy|volume=30|issue=6|pages=696–703|doi=10.1016/j.marpol.2005.11.001}}</ref> Enwekwara nnukwu nsogbu na nlekota nke ọrụ ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Urbina|first=Ian|date=March 24, 2017|title=The Grekos: A Success Story in the Crackdown on Illegal Fishing|url=https://www.safinacenter.org/blog/the-grekos-a-success-story-in-the-crackdown-on-illegal-fishing|accessdate=|work=The Safina Center}}</ref> N'afọ 2001, UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), weputara International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (IPOA-IUU). Nke a bụ nkwekọrịta nwere ebumnuche ịkwụsị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri steeti ka ha ghara ikwe ka ụgbọ ala ndị sonyere n'ịkụ azụ n"ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, na'akọghị ma ọ bụ na a na -achịkwaghị iwu. Ọ na-enyekwa nkọwa maka steeti ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na usoro dị irè nke nyocha na ịkọ akụkọ ịkụ azụ iwu na iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/y1224e/y1224e00.htm|title=INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION TO PREVENT, DETER AND ELIMINATE ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED AND UNREGULATED FISHING|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=17 November 2016|archivedate=1 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201145227/http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/y1224e/y1224e00.HTM}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ịkụ azụ iwu na-akwadoghị na'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta na ọrụ azụmahịa ego. Nsogbu ikike igbu azụ abụghị naanị na nchekwa nke azụ kamakwa na nkwado nke ọrụ ịkụ azụ. Enwere ike ịchọta ihe kpatara nsogbu ịkụ azụ na usoro ikike ihe onwunwe nke akụ ịkụ azụ̀. Ịchụpụ ndị ọkụ azụ n'ụzọ gabigara ókè na ịgbazite ego na-ebilite n"ịkụ azụ na oghere dị ka egosiri na Gordon.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gordon|first=H. S.|year=1953|title=An Economic Approach to the optimum utilization of Fishery Resources|journal=Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada|volume=10|issue=7|pages=442–57|doi=10.1139/f53-026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1086/257497|author=Gordon|first=H.S.|year=1954|title=The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-political-economy_1954-04_62_2/page/124|journal=Journal of Political Economy|volume=62|issue=2|pages=124–42}}</ref> N'ihe onwunwe na-emeghe dị ka azụ, na enweghị usoro dị iche iche dị na oke a na'otu n'ime, enweghị ike iwepu ndị ọzọ na - akpali ndị ọkụ azụ chọrọ ịbawanye ihe ha na ya n"ụzọ dị irè site na iwere òkè onye ọzọ, ime ka asọmpi sie ike. Ọdachi a nke ndị nkịtị na-akpali usoro capitalization nke na'eduga ha ịbawanye ụgwọ ha ruo mgbe ha hà ka ego ha na ya na ha nwetara, na na a na -ahapụ ụgwọ ụlọ ha kpamkpam. === Mmegide nke ndị ọkụ azụ === <blockquote> Enweghị nkwekọrịta mgbe niile n'etiti ndị ọkụ azụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gọọmentị... Chee echiche ebe a na-egbubiga azụ ókè n'oké osimiri n"ụdị ogige hockey nwere ụgbụ nʼakụkụ ọ bụla. Azụ ole na ole fọdụrụ n'ebe ahụ ga-ezukọta gburugburu ihe mgbaru ọsọ n"ihi na azụ̀ dị ka ebe obibi a haziri ahazi. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-enyocha ubi ahụ dum, mee ọtụtụ njem na-enweghị isi, ma kwubie na o nwere azụ ole na ole. Ndị ọkụ azụ ga-agbaso ihe mgbaru ọsọ, jide azụ ndị gbara ha gburugburu, ma kwuo na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị amaghị ihe ha na-ekwu maka ya. Mmetụta ndị ọkụ azụ na-enweta bụ mgbe niile na e nwere ọtụtụ azụ - n'ihi na ha na'ebe ndị ka nwere ha... ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị na - azụ, na ''Onye sayensị azụ'' ''Daniel Pauly''<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Fisherman Life|date=March 2008|url=http://www.seaaroundus.org/magazines/2008/FishermanLife_AnInterviewWithDanielPauly.pdf|title=An interview with Daniel Pauly|first=Margaret|author=Boyes|accessdate=2019-12-19}}</ref> </blockquote> == Hụkwa ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} === Ebe e si nweta ya === * {{cite journal |last1=Costello |first1=Christopher |last2=Gaines |first2=Steven D |last3=Lynham |first3=John |year=2008 |url=http://fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/~costello/research/CatchShares/ |title=Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse? |journal=Science |volume=321 |number=5896 |pages=1678–1681 |doi=10.1126/science.1159478 |access-date=1 May 2012 |pmid=18801999 |bibcode=2008Sci...321.1678C |s2cid=24879449 }} * {{cite book |chapter=11–12 |first=Mark |last=Kurlansky |year=1997 |title=Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World |location=New York |publisher=Walker |isbn=978-0-8027-1326-1 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/codbiographyof00kurl }} * {{cite journal |last1 = Moustakas |first1 = A |last2 = Silvert |first2 = W |last3 = Dimitromanolakis |first3 = A |year = 2006 |url = http://bill.silvert.org/pdf/ECOMOD_CA.pdf |title = A spatially explicit learning model of migratory fish and fishers for evaluating closed areas |journal = Ecological Modelling |volume = 192 |issue = 1–2 |pages = 245–258 |access-date = 1 May 2012 |doi = 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.007 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120301124709/http://bill.silvert.org/pdf/ECOMOD_CA.pdf |archive-date = 1 March 2012 }} * {{cite book |author-link=Daniel Pauly |last=Pauly |first=Daniel |year=1983 |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6845E/X6845E00.HTM |title=Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks |work=[[FAO]] Fisheries technical paper 234 |isbn=978-92-5-101333-5 |access-date=1 May 2012 }} * Roberts, Callum (2007) [https://books.google.com/books?id=kPUdwlxmda0C&dq=%22Barrett%20J.H.%22%20medieval&pg=PP1 ''The Unnatural History of the Sea''] Island Press. {{ISBN|978-1-59726-102-9}} * {{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Margaret |year=2011 |title=Trading Fish, Saving Fish: The Interaction between Regimes in International Law |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521765725 |url=http://www.cambridge.org/au/academic/subjects/law/public-international-law/trading-fish-saving-fish-interaction-between-regimes-international-law?format=HB&isbn=9780521765725 }} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceshow/we%E2%80%99ve-removed-90-of-all-large-fish-from-the-oceans.-just-10-t/13150080 Anyị ewepula pasent ịrị itoolu nke nnukwu azụ niile n'oké osimiri. Naanị pasent ịrị ka ọ fọdụrụ.] Australian Broadcasting Corporation 13 Febụwarị 2021. 1ggxfnos48tfcryfi5lbn6gfkivw7l0 0 27003 727788 725275 2026-09-25T02:12:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ide mmiri nke Mozambique''' nke afọ 2000 bụ ọdachi na-emere onwe ya nke mere n'ọnwa Febụwarị na-ọnwa Maachị 2000. Nnukwu ide mmiri sitere na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo nke Cyclone Leon-Eline kpatara nke were izu anọ ma mee ka ọtụtụ ndị ghara inwe ebe obibi. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 800 nwụrụ, ọ metụtara 1400 km2 nke ala a na-akọ ugbo na 20,000 ehi na nri furu efu. Ọ bụ idei mmiri kachasị njọ na [[Mozambique]] n'ime afọ 50. Gọọmentị Mozambique kesara nde dọla iri na ise nye ụmụ amaala ya iji kọwaa mmebi ihe onwunwe na mfu ego. == Akụkọ ihu igwe == N'ọnwa Ọktoba na Nọvemba nke afọ 1999, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo metụtara Mozambique, oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo sochiri n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2000.<ref name="great">{{Cite book|title=Mozambique & the Great Flood of 2000|publisher=Indianan University Press|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWqjGAzoALYC&pg=PR16|author=Frances Christie and Joseph Halon|isbn=0-253-33978-2}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Jenụwarị 2000, mmiri ozuzo ahụ mere ka osimiri Incomati, Umbeluzi, na Limpopo gafee osimiri ha, na-ekpuchi akụkụ nke isi obodo Maputo.<ref>{{Cite web|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=2000-01-26|title=Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 1|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-10-07|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-1}}</ref> Na Chókwè, Osimiri Limpopo ruru ọkwa nke 6 m (20 ) na Jenụwarị 24, okpukpu abụọ nke ọkwa ya.<ref name="pana124">{{Cite news|date=2000-01-24|title=Mozambique: Limpopo Flood Reaches Chokwe|accessdate=2014-10-07|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-limpopo-flood-reaches-chokwe}}</ref> Ebe ụfọdụ nwetara mmiri ozuzo ruru otu afọ n'ime izu abụọ.<ref name="dr218">{{Cite news|work=Disaster Relief|date=2000-02-18|title=Tropical storm threatens flood-ravaged Mozambique|accessdate=2014-09-01|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/tropical-storm-threatens-flood-ravaged-mozambique}}</ref> A na-ewere idei mmiri ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ nke kachasị njọ na-emetụta mba ndị ahụ kemgbe 1951. Ide mmiri malitere ịgbada na ngwụcha ọnwa Febụwarị n'oge Cyclone Eline rutere n'ala.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-02-21|accessdate=2014-09-03|title=Cyclone reaches Mozambique's southern Inhambane province|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/cyclone-reaches-mozambiques-southern-inhambane-province}}</ref> Eline bụ oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ nke na-adịte aka nke kụrụ nso Beira na oke ike na Febụwarị 22. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2000, a na-ewere ọnọdụ ahụ dị ka ọdachi kachasị njọ na mba ahụ n'ime otu narị afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|work=US Fund for UNICEF|date=2000-02-29|accessdate=2014-09-08|title=Mozambique floods situation report 29 Feb 2000|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-floods-situation-report-29-feb-2000}}</ref> == Mmetụta == Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Febụwarị, idei mmiri ahụ emeela ka [[Iba|ịba]] na [[afọ ọsịsa]] rịa elu. Idei mmiri mebiri inye mmiri na okporo ụzọ kpuchiri, ebe ụzọ awara awara si n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda bepụrụ n'ebe atọ.<ref name="pana124"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-02-06|title=Floods Cut Main Highway In Three Places|accessdate=2014-10-07|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/floods-cut-main-highway-three-places}}</ref> Mmiri rikpuru ebe ndị dị n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke chụpụrụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 220,000, ma gbuo ihe dị ka ndị mmadụ 150 tupu Eline awakpo.<ref name="dr218"/><ref>{{Cite news|author=Emelia Sithole|date=2000-02-23|title=Mozambique's Chissano urges post-cyclone aid|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-04|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambiques-chissano-urges-post-cyclone-aid}}</ref> Mgbakọ nke idei mmiri bu ụzọ na Eline mere ka ihe dị ka mmadụ 463,000 chụpụ ma ọ bụ enweghị ebe obibi, tinye kwara ụmụ aka46,000 dị afọ ise maọbu n'eri beghi.<ref name="ocha317">{{Cite web|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=2000-03-17|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-22|title=Mozambique: Ross Mountain praised media's role and international solidarity floods|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-ross-mountain-praised-medias-role-and-international-solidarity}}</ref><ref name="stc37">{{Cite web|work=Save the Children|date=2000-03-07|title=Mozambique Emergency Bulletin 3: 07 Mar 2000|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-19|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-emergency-bulletin-3-07-mar-2000}}</ref> N'ozuzu, idei mmiri gara aga na Eline kpatara ihe dị ka ọnwụ 700, ọkara na Chokwe. na mmebi e mere atụmatụ na $ 500 nde (2000 USD).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-04-03|title=Mozambique's flood death toll rises to nearly 700|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-29|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambiques-flood-death-toll-rises-nearly-700}}</ref> <ref name="report">{{cite report|title=Cyclone Season 1999–2000|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/archives/publications/saisons_cycloniques/index19992000.html|work=RSMC La Reunion|publisher=Meteo-France|accessdate=2014-07-15}}</ref> == Ihe si na ya pụta == Tupu Eline abịarute, gọọmentị Mozambique rịọrọ ndị mba ụwa maka enyemaka maka nzaghachi idei mmiri ahụ, mba na-amalite inye enyemaka. Onye isi ala Mozambique n'oge ahụ, Joaquim Chissano, rịọrọ maka enyemaka ọzọ mgbe Eline wakporo, na-arịọ maka $ 65 nde maka ma nrụzigharị na enyemaka mberede, ma mesịa mụbaa arịrịọ ahụ ruo $ 160 nde.<ref name="dr223">{{Cite news|author=Cynthia Long|date=2000-02-23|title=Mozambique to appeal for aid in wake of Cyclone Eline|work=Disaster Relief|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-06|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-9}}</ref><ref name="net">{{Cite web|work=Government of the Netherlands|date=2000-02-24|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-04|title=The Netherlands gives 7 million guilders in aid to Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/netherlands-gives-7-million-guilders-aid-mozambique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-22|date=2000-03-22|title=Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 20|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-20}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Machị 17, mba dị iche iche ekwewo nkwa nde $ 119 na Mozambique.<ref name="ocha317"/> Ka ọ na-erule ọnwa Maachị 4, tọn 39.6 nke ngwongwo enyemaka dị iche iche rutere mba ahụ, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ jupụta obere ọdụ ụgbọ elu dị na Maputo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-04|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-18|title=Mozambique Shudders Over Another Cyclone|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-shudders-over-another-cyclone}}</ref><ref name="reut37">{{Cite news|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-19|date=2000-03-07|title=Too much, Too late: Aid now pours into Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/too-much-too-late-aid-now-pours-mozambique}}</ref> Gọọmentị [[Netherlands]] nyere guilders nde 5 (US $ 2.2 nde) na mba ahụ, na-esote onyinye mbụ nke ihe dị ka guilders Nde 2 (US $ 871,000).<ref name="net"/> Gọọmentị Ịtali wepụtara ijeri lira iri, ọkara nke maka enyemaka mberede ozugbo, na Denmark wepụtara € 2.68 nde euro.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Government of Italy|date=2000-02-25|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-06|title=Italy: 10 billion liras earmarked to assist Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/italy-10-billion-liras-earmarked-assist-mozambique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-01|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-09|title=Denmark allocates emergency flood aid to Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/denmark-allocates-emergency-flood-aid-mozambique}}</ref> Sweden zigara 10 nde krona na Ireland € 507,000 na World Food Programme.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Government of Sweden|date=2000-02-28|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-06|title=Decision on extra money for Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/decision-extra-money-mozambique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-02-28|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-06|title=Ireland to send half million euros to flood-hit Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/ireland-send-half-million-euros-flood-hit-mozambique}}</ref> Portugal wetara tọn enyemaka iri anọ, gụnyere nri, ọgwụ, ụlọikwuu, na ụgbọ mmiri, na Red Cross nke Spain zitere ụgbọ elu enyemaka abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-02-28|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-06|title=Portugal sends 40 tonnes of aid for flood-hit Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/portugal-sends-40-tonnes-aid-flood-hit-mozambique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=Cruz Roja Española|date=2000-03-01|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-09|title=Mozambique: Cruz Roja Española ha recaudado más de 100 millones de pesetas en cuatro días|language=Spanish|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-cruz-roja-espa%C3%B1ola-ha-recaudado-m%C3%A1s-de-100-millones-de-pesetas-en}}</ref> Canada nyere ihe dị ka $ 11.6 nde (CAD) na Mozambique, ebe United States nyere $ 7 nde nri site na Agency for International Development, akụkụ nke onyinye $ 50 nde.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Canadian International Development Agency|date=2000-03-08|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-20|title=Maria Minna Announces Additional $10 Million for Flood Victims in Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/maria-minna-announces-additional-10-million-flood-victims-mozambique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=United States Agency for International Development|date=2000-02-29|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-08|title=USAID Provide 7 Million Food Aid to Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/usaid-provide-7-million-food-aid-mozambique}}</ref><ref name="jim">{{Cite news|author=Jim Garamone|work=American Forces Press Service|date=2000-03-27|accessdate=2014-09-12|title=U.S. Military Relief Effort in Mozambique Winds Down|url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=44985|archive-date=2014-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912092728/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=44985|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka European Community Humanitarian nyere € 25 nde na mbido ọnwa Maachị.<ref>{{Cite web|work=European Commission Humanitarian Aid department|date=2000-03-03|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-18|title=European Commissioner Poul Nielson announces more than 25 Million Euro in aid for victims of the Mozambican floods|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/european-commissioner-poul-nielson-announces-more-25-million-euro-aid-victims}}</ref> [[Botswana]] nyere P23 nde pula (BWP, US $ 5 nde), [[Mauritius]] nyekwara ihe dị ka $ 100,000 (USD).<ref name="pana229">{{Cite news|date=2000-02-29|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-08|title=Botswana Comes To The Rescue Of Zimbabwe, Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/botswana-comes-rescue-zimbabwe-mozambique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-02|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-11|title=Mauritius offers 100,000 dollars to Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mauritius-offers-100000-dollars-mozambique}}</ref> Mba [[Ghana]] ji ụgbọelu na-eri nri na uwe ruru $ 100,000 gaa Mozambique.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-03|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-18|title=Ghana donates to Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/ghana-donates-mozambique}}</ref> [[Ostraliya|Australia]] nyekwara mba ahụ $ 1 nde, Saudi Arabia jikwa ụgbọelu abụọ nyere aka.<ref name="aaid">{{Cite web|work=Australian Agency for International Development|date=2000-03-04|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-18|title=Australian Assistance for Mozambique Floods|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/australian-assistance-mozambique-floods-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-05|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-18|title=Saudi Arabia, Kuwait to send aid to Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/saudi-arabia-kuwait-send-aid-mozambique}}</ref> Nchegbu Worldwide nyere $ 650,000 (USD) na ngwụcha ọnwa Febụwarị.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Concern Worldwide|date=2000-02-28|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-06|title=Concern: 300,000 people affected by floods in Mozambique|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/concern-300000-people-affected-floods-mozambique}}</ref> Médecins Sans Frontières zigara ndị ọrụ mmadụ ise na Buzi iji nyere ndị bi na ya aka.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Médecins Sans Frontières|date=2000-02-29|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-08|title=Inondations - Médecins du Monde envoie une équipe d'urgence au Mozambique|language=French|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/inondations-m%C3%A9decins-du-monde-envoie-une-%C3%A9quipe-durgence-au-mozambique}}</ref> Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation zigara $ 350,000 na CARE na mbido Machị.<ref>{{Cite web|work=CARE|date=2000-03-07|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-19|title=CARE receives $350,000 grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for Mozambique aid|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/care-receives-350000-grant-bill-melinda-gates-foundation-mozambique-aid}}</ref> Site na Jubilee 2000, ọtụtụ mba ndị bara ọgaranya yigharịrị ịkwụ ụgwọ ụgwọ maka otu afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|work=IRIN|date=2000-03-16|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-22|title=Mozambique: Debt payments suspended|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-debt-payments-suspended}}</ref> United Kingdom kagburu ụgwọ nde $ 150 ya na ngwụcha ọnwa Febụwarị, Italy kagburu ego nde $ 500 ya n'ọnwa Maachị.<ref>{{Cite web|work=IRIN|date=2000-02-29|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-08|title=Mozambique: Britain cancels debt in response to floods|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-britain-cancels-debt-response-floods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-02|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-08|title=Italy plans to cancel 500 mln dlrs of Mozambique's debt|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/italy-plans-cancel-500-mln-dlrs-mozambiques-debt}}</ref> Gọọmentị Mozambique jiri ụgbọ mmiri chụpụ ndị bi na mpaghara idei mmiri, na-eguzobe ogige 121 maka ndị na-apụ apụ.<ref name="ocha317"/> Otú ọ dị, mba ahụ nwere ikike pere mpe maka nnapụta zuru oke n'ihi helikopụta ezughi oke. South Africa zigara ụgbọelu na helikọpụta iri na abụọ iji rụọ ọrụ ọchụchọ na nnapụta, yana ịtọpụ nri.<ref name="afp229">{{Cite news|date=2000-02-29|title=More South African aircraft sent to aid flooded Mozambique|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-08|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/more-south-african-aircraft-sent-aid-flooded-mozambique}}</ref> Helikọpụta abụọ si [[Malawi]], isii si United Kingdom, na iri si Germany nyeere ha aka.<ref name="mal">{{Cite news|work=Pan African News Agency|date=2000-02-26|title=Malawi Helicopters Assist Mozambican|author=Raphael Tenthani|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-06|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/malawi-helicopters-assist-mozambican-flood-victims}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=IRIN|date=2000-03-03|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-12|title=Mozambique: Demand for more disaster assistance|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-demand-more-disaster-assistance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-02|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-12|title=Germany boosts Mozambique aid, Italian MPS want intervention|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/germany-boosts-mozambique-aid-italian-mps-want-intervention}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ọnwa Maachị 7, ìgwè helikọpụta 29 napụtara mmadụ 14,204.<ref name="mg37">{{Cite news|author=Chris McGreal|work=Mail and Guardian|date=2000-03-07|title=Mozambique: Amid the filth, the first sign of disease|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-19|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-amid-filth-first-sign-disease}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=2000-03-03|title=Mozambique - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 13|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-18|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-13}}</ref> Mmiri idei mmiri fọdụrụnụ nyere aka na ntiwapụ nke ịba na ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụrụ, na ọrịa ịba okpukpu anọ karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-ahụkarị na-egbu ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 11.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Concern Worldwide|date=2000-03-01|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-09|title=Mozambique Floods: Concern expands emergency relief operation|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-floods-concern-expands-emergency-relief-operation-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=Mail and Guardian|date=2000-03-02|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-11|title=100 000 still trapped by waters and one million homeless|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/100-000-still-trapped-waters-and-one-million-homeless}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-03-28|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-22|title=Malaria kills 11 Mozambican flood survivors|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/malaria-kills-11-mozambican-flood-survivors}}</ref> Mpaghara ndị dị n'ebe ndịda Mozambique enwekwaghị mmiri dị ọcha, na-eme ka mmiri na-adịghị n'ahụ na ọrịa na-akwụsị.<ref>{{Cite news|work=Mail and Guardian|date=2000-03-07|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-19|title=Corpses in water deadly Moz hazard|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/corpses-water-deadly-moz-hazard}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, United Nations Mine Action Service gosipụtara nchegbu na idei mmiri ahụ gbanwere ebe ogbunigwe fọdụrụ site na agha obodo nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|work=United Nations Department of Public Information|date=2000-03-01|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-09|title=Mozambique: WFP to take food to families marooned on rooftops|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-wfp-take-food-families-marooned-rooftops}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, ihe fọdụrụ na Cyclone Gloria kwụsịrị ọrụ enyemaka n'ihi nnukwu mmiri ozuzo.<ref name="ReliefWeb">{{Cite web|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=2000-03-10|accessdate=2014-07-23|title=WFP Emergency Report No. 10 of 2000|work=World Food Programme|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/wfp-emergency-report-no-10-2000}}</ref> Ndị bi ebe ahụ malitere ịlaghachi n'ụlọ na mbido Machị mgbe idei mmiri laghachiri.<ref name="msf34">{{Cite web|work=Médecins Sans Frontières|date=2000-03-04|title=People fleeing Chokwe in case of renewed flooding|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2014-09-19|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/people-fleeing-chokwe-case-renewed-flooding}}</ref> == Ihe edeturu == <references group="nb" responsive="1"></references> == Edensibịa == <references responsive="1"></references> 5czy8sw4ly8flrfi63ujfcymdrcf3i3 0 27092 727796 191880 2026-09-25T02:57:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727796 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|thumb|Ihe mgbagwoju pyramid nke mmadu]] '''Ihe mgbagwoju anya nke Giza''' (A na-akpọkwa Giza necropolis) n'Ijipt bụ ebe obibi nke pyramid ukwu, pyramid khafre, na pyramid nke Menkaure, yana ụlọ pyramid ha jikọtara na nnukwu Sphinx.. Ewubere ihe niile n'oge usoro eze nke anọ nke alaeze ochie nke [[Ijipùtù Ọkpụ|Ijipt oge ochie]],, n'etiti 2600 na 2500 BC. Ebe ahụ gụnyekwara ọtụtụ ụlọ nsọ na ebe olili ozu na ihe fọdụrụ n'obodo ndị ọrụ. Nnukwu pyramid na pyramid nke khafre bụ pyramid kasị ukwuu e wuru n'Ijipt oge ochie, na akụkọ ihe mere eme ha na-ahụkarị dị ka ihe nnọchianya ma ọ bụrụ na Ochie Egypt na Western echiche.<ref>Pedro Tafur, ''[http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tafur.html#ch5 Andanças e viajes]''.</ref><ref>Medieval visitors, like the Spanish traveller [[Pedro Tafur]] in 1436, viewed them however as "the Granaries of Joseph" (Pedro Tafur, ''[http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tafur.html#ch5 Andanças e viajes]'').</ref> Ha na-ewu ewu n'oge ndị [[Greece|Gris]], mgbe Antipater nke Saịdọn depụtara pyramid ukwu dị ka otu n'ime ihe ebube asaa nke ụwa.. Ọ bụ nke kachasị ochie n'ime ihe ịtụnanya oge ochie na naanị otu ka dị. Ihe mgbagwoju pyramid nke Khafre nwere ụlọ nsọ ndagwurugwu, ụzọ, ụlọ nsọ ili ozu na pyramid eze. Ụlọ nsọ nke ndagwurugwu ahụ wepụtara ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi nke Khafre. Mariette chọtara ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'olulu mmiri dị n'ala ụlọ nsọ ahụ n'afọ 1860. A chọtara ndị ọzọ n'oge Sieglin (1909-10), Junker, Reisner, na Hassan na-egwu ala. Ihe mgbagwoju anya Khafre nwere olulu ụgbọ mmiri ise na pyramid enyemaka nwere serdab<ref name="PM">[[Bertha Porter|Porter, Bertha]] and [[Rosalind Moss|Moss, Rosalind L. B.]] ''Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Volume III. Memphis. Part I. Abû Rawâsh to Abûṣîr.'' 2nd edition, revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek, The Clarendon Press, Oxford 1974. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801013421/http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/porter-moss_III_giza.pdf PDF from The Giza Archives, 29,5 MB] Retrieved 10 February 2017.</ref>.: 19-26 Pyramid Khafre nwere ngosipụta a ma ama nke nkume mkpuchi n'elu ya. : Ihe osise na-apụta bụ nke ebe obibi a haziri ahazi, ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ obodo kachasị n'ụwa, nke e dere n'oge ọchịchị nke ndị na-ewu pyramid Giza abụọ: Khafre (2520-2494 BC) na Menkaure (2490-2472 BC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aeraweb.org/projects/lost-city/|title=Egyptian Pyramids – Lost City of the Pyramid Builders – AERA – Ancient Egypt Research Associates|work=aeraweb.org|date=10 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aeraweb.org/lost-city-project/dating-the-lost-city/|title=Dating the Lost City of the Pyramids – Mark Lehner & AERA – Ancient Egypt Research Associates|work=aeraweb.org|date=14 October 2009}}</ref> As the pyramids were constructed, the mastabas for lesser royals were constructed around them. Near the pyramid of Khufu, the main cemetery is G 7000, which lies in the East Field located to the east of the main pyramid and next to the Queen's pyramids. These cemeteries around the pyramids were arranged along streets and avenues. Cemetery G 7000 was one of the earliest and contained tombs of wives, sons and daughters of these 4th Dynasty rulers. On the other side of the pyramid in the West Field, the royals sons Wepemnofret and Hemiunu were buried in Cemetery G 1200 and Cemetery G 4000 respectively. These cemeteries were further expanded during the 5th and 6th Dynasties. West Field dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke pyramid Khufu. E kewara ya na obere ebe dị ka ebe ili ozu a na-akpọ Abu Bakr Excavations (1949-50, 1950-1,1952 na 1953), na ọtụtụ ebe ili ozuzo aha ya dabere na nọmba mastaba dị ka Cemetery G 1000, Cemetery g 1100, wdg. West Field nwere Cemetery G1000 - Cemetery J1600, na CemeteryG 1900. Ebe olili ozu ndị ọzọ n'ọhịa a bụ: Ebe olili ọta G 2000, G 2200, G 2500, G 3000, G 4000, na G 6000. A na-akpọ ebe ili ozu atọ ndị ọzọ aha ndị na-egwu ala ha: Junker Cemetery West, Junker cemetery East na Steindorff Cemetery.: 100-122<ref name="PM"/>  A chọtara ili ndị sitere na Saite na oge ndị ọzọ n'akụkụ ụzọ Khafre na Great Sphinx. Ili ndị a gụnyere ili nke onye isi ndị agha aha ya bụ Ahmose na nne ya Queen Nakhtubasterau, onye bụ nwunye Fero Amasis nke Abụọ: 289-290<ref name="PM"/>  N'afọ 1990, a chọtara ili nke ndị ọrụ pyramid n'akụkụ pyramids, yana ebe olili ozu ọzọ a chọtara n'akụkụ ya n'afọ 2009. Ọ bụ ezie na a gbasaghị ha, e liri ha n'ili apịtị na biya na achịcha iji kwado ha na ndụ mgbe ha nwụsịrị. Ịdị nso nke ili ahụ na pyramids na ụzọ e si eli ozu na-akwado echiche ahụ na ha bụ ndị ọrụ a na-akwụ ụgwọ bụ ndị na-anya isi n'ọrụ ha ma ọ bụghị ndị ohu, dịka e chere na mbụ. Ihe akaebe sitere n'ili ndị ahụ na-egosi na ndị ọrụ 10,000 na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnwa atọ were ihe dị ka afọ 30 iji wuo pyramid. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ ahụ yiri ka ha si n'ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. Ndị ọkachamara dị ka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ndị na-edozi nkume, ndị na'ọrụ ígwè na ndị ọkwá nkà, bụ ndị eze were n'ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide iji mejupụta ọnọdụ ndị chọrọ nkà kachasị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/pyramids.html#tombs|title=Who Built the Pyramids?|work=Explore the pyramids|accessdate=27 August 2010|archive-date=16 September 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020916085727/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/pyramids.html#tombs|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Cooney|first=Kathlyn|editor=Wilkinson|title=The Egyptian World|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|chapter=Labour}}</ref> Osiris Shaft bụ oghere ili ozu dị warara nke na-eduga na ọkwa atọ maka ili na n'okpuru ya ebe idei mmiri jupụtara.nke mbụ Selim Hassan kwuru okwu ya Ndị otu Hawass duziri ihe gwupụtara nke ọma na 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pyramids-of-Giza/images-videos/Learn-about-the-Osiris-Shaft-a-symbolic-tomb-of-the/194349|title=Pyramids of Giza (pyramids, Egypt)|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-24}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/pubdocs/238/full/|title=Digital Giza {{!}} Excavations at Gîza 5: 1933–1934|work=giza.fas.harvard.edu|accessdate=2019-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ancientneareast.org/2012/02/18/the-osiris-shaft-a-giza-cenotaph/|title=The Osiris Shaft: a Giza cenotaph|author=kmtsesh|date=2012-02-18|work=Ancient Near East: Just the Facts|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-24|archivedate=2019-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824191103/https://ancientneareast.org/2012/02/18/the-osiris-shaft-a-giza-cenotaph/}}</ref> Emeghere ya maka ndị njem nleta na Nọvemba 2017. === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} * Giza Plateau / [https://www.pyramid-of-giza.com/ Ebe] Ọchịchị - Ebe Nleta * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060902142719/http://egypt.travel-photo.org/cairo/pyramids-in-giza.html Pyramids na Giza] - Foto nke Giza Pyramids bipụtara n'okpuru Creative Commons License. * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Ancient Egypt Research Associates, na-eme nchọpụta Giza ihe karịrị afọ 30. * 3D virtual tour na-akọwa echiche Houdin Archived at the [[Wayback Machine]] (plug in needed) * The Giza Archives at Harvard University - Kemgbe afọ 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011131428/http://www.gizapyramids.org/ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ] Old Giza Project Archived October 2008 na Wayback Machine nke Museum of Fine Arts, na Boston, akwagala na Mahadum Harvard na ebe nrụọrụọrụ weebụ ka mma, gbasaa.  2rtm8rmzph7bcis7ale819oczdw3lkc 0 27474 727742 721413 2026-09-24T22:16:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Gillian Merron, September 2009 5 cropped.jpg|thumb|Gillian Merron]]{{Databox}} '''Gillian Joanna''' Merron, Baroness Merron ( (amụrụ 12 Eprel 1959) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain na onye ọgbọ ndụ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Board of Deputies of British Jew kemgbe 2014. Onye otu Labour Party, ọ bụ onye na-ekwuchitere onyinyo nke ahụike na ahụike. Nlekọta mmekọrịta kemgbe 2021. Ọ bụbu onye otu nzuko omeiwu (MP) maka Lincoln site na 1997 ruo 2010 wee nwee ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ minista na gọọmentị Blair na Brown. == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ya == A mụrụ Merron na Ilford, Essex site na ezinụlọ ndị Juu, wee gụ akwụkwọ na Wanstead High School na Wanstead na ọwụwa anyanwụ [[London]].  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nchịkwa Mahadum Lancaster, na-enweta BSc (Hons) na Science Management.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọchịchị ime obodo na dịka onye ọrụ otu NUPE (nke mechara UNISON).. .Merron sonyeere Labour Party na 1984. Tupu aghọọ onye omeiwu, Merron bụ osote onye isi oche nke ngalaba Labour Party na mpaghara. Ọ chịkọtara mkpọsa nke etiti mpaghara onyinyo onyinyo na ntuli aka izugbe 1992 na ntuli aka nzuko omeiwu Europe 1994. == Ọrụ nke omeiwu == .<ref>{{Cite news|title=Labour blow as all-women lists outlawed|first=John|author=Rentoul|authorlink=|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/labour-blow-as-allwomen-lists-outlawed-1323046.html|work=The Independent|date=9 January 1996|accessdate=10 July 2009}}</ref> Emere Merron ka ọ bụrụ onye ndoro-ndoro omeiwu (PPC) site na ndepụta ụmụ nwanyị niile, [2] wee họpụta ya na House of Commons na Mee 1997 yana ọtụtụ 11,130.  Site na Julaị 1998 ruo Julaị 1999, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ omeiwu nkeonwe (PPS) nye Doug Henderson dị ka onye minista steeti maka ndị agha na, site na Julaị 1999 ruo June 2001, ọ bụ PPS ruo Baroness Symons dị ka Minister of State for Defence Procurement. Site na June 2001 ruo Ọktoba 2002, Merron jere ozi dị ka PPS nye John Reid dịka odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka Northern Ireland.  Site na Ọktoba 2002 ruo Mee 2006, ọ bụ ụtarị gọọmentị ma bụrụkwa Lord Commissioner of Treasury site na Disemba 2004. Na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2005, ọnụ ọgụgụ ya bụ 4,613. A họpụtara Merron na Ngalaba Ụgbọ njem na Mee 2006, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo mgbe mgbanwe ahụ na 29 June 2007, mgbe ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ ndị omeiwu maka ụlọ ọrụ Cabinet na onye ozi mbụ nke East Midlands. N'ịgbaso arụkwaghịm nke Peter Hain na 24 Jenụwarị 2008, a gbanwegharịrị Merron ọzọ, bụrụ onye omeiwu n'okpuru odeakwụkwọ steeti na ngalaba maka mmepe mba ụwa, hapụrụ ọrụ abụọ ya gara aga.  N'ịgbaso ngbanwe Gordon Brown na-esote na 5 October 2008, a kpọgara Merron na Ụlọọrụ Ofesi na Ọfịs Commonwealth.  Nkwalite nye Minista steeti maka ahụike ọha na-esote n'oge na-adịghị anya. .<ref>[https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/gillian_merron/lincoln Gillian Merron MP, Lincoln (TheyWorkForYou.com)]</ref>Merron soro pati ahụ pịa na votu na nha anya ikike nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke, mmachibido ịchụ nta, ụlọ ọgwụ ntọala, mmachibido iwu ise siga n'ebe ọha, agha Iraq, iwu mgbochi iji kwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe, na ''The Digital Economy Bill''.  Onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi Conservative Karl McCartney tụfuru oche ya na ntuli aka izugbe 2010.  Site na 1997 ruo 2007, mgbe Quentin Davies gbahapụrụ na Labour Party, ọ bụbu onye naanị Lincolnshire MP Labour - na nke mbụ kemgbe Margaret Beckett nwere oche site na 1974 ruo 1979. === Ego emefuru === .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gillian Merron MP|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/gillian_merron/lincoln#expenses|work=TheyWorkForYou|publisher=mySociety is a project of UK Citizens Online Democracy (UKCOD). UKCOD is a registered charity in England and Wales, no. 1076346.|accessdate=12 May 2009}}</ref> Emefu Merron dị ka MP dị elu karịa nkezi.[4]  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu 98 ndị tozuru oke ịkwado iwu Conservative MP David Maclean iji dobe mmefu ha na akwụkwọ ozi nzuzo..<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1816072.ece|work=The Times|title=How your MP voted on the FOI Bill|date=20 May 2007|accessdate=3 May 2010|archive-date=8 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508020947/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1816072.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/policy.php?id=996&display=motions Policy #996: "Transparency of Parliament" — The Public Whip]</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ngụkọta mmefu a na-ekwu !Afọ !Ngụkọta Ọnụ Ọgụgụ !Ọnọdụ !site na |- |2001/02 |£ 94,459 |njikọ 178 |657 |- |2002/03 |£ 123,954 |Nke 87 |657 |- |2003/04 |£ 136,706 |Nke 55 |658 |- |2004/05 |£ 139,854 |Nke 64 |659 |- |2005/06 |£ 133,480 | - | - |- |2006/07 |£ 144,914 |Nke 176 |645 |- |2007/08 |£ 155,972 |Nke 172 |645 |} .<ref>[https://archive.today/20120913005333/http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/news/best-Lincoln/article-1091098-detail/article.html 'I will do what I always do, my best for Lincoln']</ref>Na 19 June 2009, ekpughere mmefu ndị omeiwu (nke edeziri nke ukwuu) na ịntanetị.  Merron nwetara nkatọ maka ịzụrụ ihe onyonyo, igwe onyonyo, ngwa ihe nkiri ụlọ na ọtụtụ ngwa ahịa ndị ọzọ.[7]  O dere na webụsaịtị ya, sị: "Ọtụtụ n'ime ebubo m na-akwụ ozugbo maka ndị ọrụ ọkachamara, ụgwọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, nkwurịta okwu na ndị mejupụtara, na njem. Enweghị m ọrụ nke abụọ, anaghị m ewe ndị ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị enyi ọ bụla n'ọrụ, ma ọ bụ were m.  mmụba nke ụgwọ ọnwa ndị minista kwa afọ.". "<ref>http://www.gillianmerron.co.uk/mps-allowances{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.politics.co.uk/feature/legal-and-constitutional/expenses-the-mps-paying-over-1k-$1357745.htm|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120919031458/http://www.politics.co.uk/feature/legal-and-constitutional/expenses-the-mps-paying-over-1k-$1357745.htm|archivedate=19 September 2012|title=Expenses: The MPs paying over £1K|publisher=politics.co.uk}}</ref> N'ime mkpesa mmefu ndị omeiwu [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] gasịrị, Sir Thomas Legg tụrụ aro ka Gillian Merron kwụọ £6,305.17.↵[9] Ọ kwụghachi ego a n'uju.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Cohen|first=Justin|url=http://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/former-foreign-office-minister-appointed-lead-board/|title=Former Foreign Office minister appointed to lead the Board|work=Jewish News|date=7 May 2014|accessdate=3 December 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ sotere oru omeiwu == Kemgbe mmeri emeriri ya na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2010, Merron abụrụla onye isi oche ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala UK (nke a na-akpọbu National Federation of Bus Users).[.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Chair for Bus Users UK|url=http://www.bususers.org/news/scripts/news_story_pub.asp?StoryID=167|work=Bus Users UK website|publisher=Bus Users UK|date=4 April 2011|accessdate=23 April 2012|quote=[Gillian Merron] is now a strategic advisor to the transport industry and will be bringing new strategic direction to Bus Users UK.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101557/http://www.bususers.org/news/scripts/news_story_pub.asp?StoryID=167|archivedate=24 December 2013}},</ref><ref>{{As of|2012|4|23}} the name "Bus Users UK" appears on the official register of companies.</ref> <ref name="Rocker">{{Cite news|author=Rocker|first=Simon|date=7 May 2014|title=Board of Deputies new chief executive revealed|work=The Jewish Chronicle|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/117870/board-deputies-new-chief-executive-revealed|accessdate=3 December 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090721/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/117870/board-deputies-new-chief-executive-revealed|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bod.org.uk/who-we-are/meet-the-staff/|title=Chief Executive : Gillian Merron|publisher=Board of Deputies of British Jews|accessdate=3 December 2016|archivedate=2 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902032026/https://www.bod.org.uk/who-we-are/meet-the-staff/}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/102560/new-jewish-leadership-council-members|title=New Jewish Leadership Council members|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=15 February 2013|accessdate=3 December 2016|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224205001/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/102560/new-jewish-leadership-council-members|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Mee 2014, a mara ọkwa na Merron ga-abụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Board of Deputies nke ndị Juu Britain na Julaị na-esote. Kemgbe February 2013, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Kansụl ndu ndị Juu.Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka mpụga na bọọdụ Liberal Judaism site na Julaị 2012 ruo Mee 2014..<ref name="Rocker2012">{{Cite news|author=Rocker|first=Simon|url=http://www.thejc.com/community/community-life/69885/ex-mp-joins-liberal-judaism-board|title=Ex-MP joins Liberal Judaism board|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=12 July 2012|accessdate=3 December 2016}}</ref> == Ụlọ Ndị Nwenu == Na Disemba 2020, ekwuputara na a ga-enye Merron ndụ ndụ mgbe onye isi otu Labour Party Keir Starmer họpụtara.  Ọ nọrọ oche ya na 8 February 2021 wee kwuo okwu nwa agbọghọ ya na Mee 13 n'oge arụmụka okwu Queen nke afọ ahụ..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Peerages 2020|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/political-peerages-2020|accessdate=22 December 2020|work=Gov.uk}}</ref> Na ngbanwe kabinet nke onyinyo May, a họpụtara ya na Otu Ahụike Shadow.  Na ngbanwe ụlọ ọrụ onyunyo nke November, ọ ghọrọ Minista Omenala Shadow..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rodgers|first=Sienna|title=Keir Starmer unveils new frontbench team after wider reshuffle|url=https://labourlist.org/2021/12/keir-starmer-unveils-new-frontbench-team-after-wider-reshuffle/|accessdate=2022-05-19|work=LabourList|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k7a9a96hccjm4hkcp4nlrosqoqzts6o 0 28131 727886 721916 2026-09-25T09:37:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Francisco Rechy''' (amụrụ na Machị 10, 1931) bụ onye Mexico-American na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye edemede.<ref>The Aztlan Mexican Studies Reader 1974-2016 (2018 Chicano studies text book) by Hector Calderon, founding Chair of the Cesar E. Chavez Dept of Chicana/o Studies at UCLA. Page 20.https://www.amazon.com/Aztlan-Mexican-Studies-Reader-1974-2016/dp/089551169X</ref> Edere akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke ọma banyere ọdịbendị nwoke idina nwoke na Los Angeles na America ka ukwuu, n'etiti isiokwu ndị ọzọ. City of Night, akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya bipụtara na 1963, bụ akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa. N'ịdabere na nzụlite nke ya, o nyela aka na akwụkwọ akụkọ Mexico-America, ọkachasị akwụkwọ akụkọ ya The Miraculous Day of Amalia Gomez, nke a kụziri n'ọtụtụ ọmụmụ Chicano na United States. Mana, ọbụlagodi mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, ọ ka na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nwanyị akwụna, na-akụzi n'ehihie, ma na-eme ihe n'abalị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye akwụna ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ mgbe ọ na-akụzi na UCLA. N'ime afọ 1970 na 1980 ọ na-ahụ maka iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, yana nsogbu ọrịa AIDS, nke gburu ọtụtụ ndị enyi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Rupert|date=April 27, 2008|title=Midnight Cowboy: John Rechy recalls 40 years of Hustle|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/midnight-cowboy-john-rechy-recalls-40-yeas-of-hustle-815124.html|accessdate=February 21, 2023|work=Independent}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Rechy na Juan Francisco Flores Rechy na Machị 10, 1931, na El Paso, Texas.<ref>The Aztlan Mexican Studies Reader 1974-2016 by Hector Calderon https://www.amazon.com/Aztlan-Mexican-Studies-Reader-1974-2016/dp/089551169X</ref><ref name="SGN">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sgn.org/sgnnews41_28/page21.cfm|title=John Rechy: From bedsheets to printed sheets|work=[[Seattle Gay News]]|date=July 12, 2013|accessdate=April 18, 2014|author=Andrews-Katz, Eric|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416175515/http://www.sgn.org/sgnnews41_28/page21.cfm|archivedate=April 16, 2014}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ ise Guadalupe (née Flores) na Roberto Sixto Rechy mụrụ.<ref name="AtoZ">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TIlaa0cLu2AC&q=%22john+rechy%22&pg=PA192|title=Latino Writers and Journalists: A to Z of Latino Americans|publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]]|author=Wood, Jamie Martinez|year=2007|pages=192–93|isbn=9781438107851}}</ref> Nne na nna Rechy abụọ bụ ụmụ amaala [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]]; nna ya bụ onye Scottish.<ref name="CA">{{Cite book|title=[[Contemporary Authors|Contemporary Authors. New Revision Series]]. Volume 6|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale Research Company]]|year=1982|pages=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryauth0000cont/page/408 408–412]|isbn=0-8103-1935-7}}</ref><ref name="CAAS">{{Cite book|title=Contemporary Authors. Autobiography Series. Volume 4.|publisher=Gale Research Company|year=1986|pages=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryauth04adel/page/253 253–266]|isbn=0-8103-4503-X|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryauth04adel/page/253}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, Rechy debanyere aha na ndị agha US. A tọhapụrụ ya n'oge na ndị agha ka ọ debanye aha dị ka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Columbia.<ref name="CA2">{{Cite book|title=Contemporary Authors. New Revision Series. Volume 188|publisher=Gale Research Company|year=2009|pages=352–357|isbn=978-1-4144-5669-0}}</ref> O tinyere akwụkwọ maka nnabata na klas edemede okike nke onye edemede Pearl S. Buck kụziiri site n'inye akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ebipụtaghị ebipụta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ o dere nke akpọrọ ''Pablo''!<ref name="Taming">{{Cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-07/news/vw-1509_1_john-rechy/2|title=Taming of the Sexual Outlaw : 25 Years After 'City of Night,' John Rechy Searches for a New Recognition With a Novel About Monroe|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=September 7, 1988|accessdate=March 31, 2014|author=Barrios, Gregg}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a nabataghị akwụkwọ ya na klas Buck, a nabatara Rechy na klas edemede nke Hiram Haydn, onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ na Random House, na New School for Social Research.<ref name="Taming" /> Cooper Do-nuts Riot mere na 1959 na [[Los Angeles]], mgbe ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwoke na-edina nwoke, ndị transgender, na drag queens ndị na-anọ na Cooper Do-Nuts na ndị LAPD na-enye nsogbu ugboro ugboro lụrụ ọgụ mgbe ndị uwe ojii jidere mmadụ atọ, gụnyere Rechy. Ndị na-akwado ya malitere iji donuts na iko kọfị na-eti ndị uwe ojii ihe. Ndị LAPD kpọrọ oku maka nkwado ma jide ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe. Rechy na ndị ọzọ abụọ e jidere nwere ike ịgbapụ. O mechara dee banyere ya na City of Night . == Ọrụ edemede == A na-ewere Rechy dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede guzobere Mexican American Literature, ma dabere n'ihe odide mbụ ya na ụkpụrụ ndị Mexico na nsogbu ọdịbendị nke ọ dị na fim ndị Mexico.<ref>The Aztlan Mexican Studies Reader 1974-2016 (2018 Chicano studies text book) by Hector Calderon, founding Chair of the Cesar E. Chavez Dept of Chicana/o Studies at UCLA. Quote on page 20.https://www.amazon.com/Aztlan-Mexican-Studies-Reader-1974-2016/dp/089551169X</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ma eleghị anya onye edemede nwoke Latino a ma ama na United States, ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nwoke idina nwoke na-egosipụta obere ihe banyere ihe nketa ya na Mexico na America, ma e wezụga aha nna nke ụfọdụ n'ime ihe odide ya.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hogan|first=Steve|title=Completely Queer: The Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/completelyqueerg00hoga|publisher=Henry Holt and Company, Inc.|year=1998|isbn=0-8050-6031-6|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/completelyqueerg00hoga/page/472 472]|language=}}</ref> While rechy was working on his first novel Instalments began to appear in 1958 In literary magazines such as evergreen review big table Nugget and the London magazine. These excerpts were fictitious recreations of his life working as a hustler in new York los Angeles and new Orleans and appeared worried writers like Christopher isherwood,Jack kerouac and Jean Genet The largely autobiographical novel city of Night,debuted in October 1963.Despite the predominantly negative reviews the book received at the time of its publication,city of Night became an international bestseller. Alternatively,it is also banned books in America Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ akụkọ iri na abụọ o dere ruo ugbu a, Rechy enyewo ọtụtụ edemede na nyocha akwụkwọ na mbipụta dị iche iche gụnyere The Nation, ''The New York'' Review of Books, ''Los Angeles Times'', L.A. Weekly, The Village Voice, The Nework Times, Evergreen Review na Saturday Review.<ref name="AtoZ"/><ref name="CA"/> Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ndị a ka edere na akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2004 bụ Beneath the Skin . O dere ihe nkiri atọ, Tigers Wild (nke mbụ e mere dị ka The Fourth Angel ma dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Rechy nke aha ahụ), ''Rushes'' (nke dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke otu aha ahụ), na Momma as She Became - Not as She Was, otu egwuregwu.<ref name="AtoZ" /> Onye nta akụkọ Amy Harmon kwuru na Rechy n'otu akụkọ ''New York Times'' nke afọ 2004 nke kọrọ banyere nsogbu kọmputa na Amazon.com nke kpughere na mberede njirimara nke ọtụtụ puku mmadụ ndị biputere nyocha akwụkwọ na-amaghị aha ha. A kpughere na Rechy, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị edemede ndị ọzọ, "deela onwe ha nyocha kpakpando ise, ọkwa kachasị elu nke Amazon". Amazon kwụsịrị ịnabata nyocha ndị a na-amaghị aha ha n'ihi nchọpụta a.<ref name="Amazon">Harmon, Amy [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/14/us/amazon-glitch-unmasks-war-of-reviewers.html "Amazon Glitch Unmasks War of Reviewers"], ''The New York Times'', February 14, 2004. Retrieved March 31, 2014.</ref> N'afọ 2021, Rechy nọ na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ akpọrọ Beautiful People at the End of the Line, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke "akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị na omenala ndị ama ama. " Rechy na-ekwu maka ọrụ ya, "Onye mbụ nwere mmasị n'ọrụ m kpọrọ m 'onye edemede mberede' - ụdị na-ede na mberede, n'elu isi ya, ụzọ a na-ekwu na Kerouac mere. Ma nke ahụ abụghị eziokwu banyere m. Abụ m onye edemede maara nke ọma, na-elebara okwu ziri ezi anya, ọbụna ogologo nke ahịrịokwu, na akara akara maka mmetụta. "<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fassler|first=Joe|date=February 7, 2017|title=The Key to Writing a Mystery is Asking the Perfect Question|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/02/the-key-to-writing-a-mystery-is-asking-the-perfect-question/515799/|accessdate=February 2, 2023|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> == Onyinye, nsọpụrụ na mmata == Rechy bụ onye edemede mbụ natara PEN-USA-West's Lifetime Achievement Award (1997); ọ bụ onye natara Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achyevement site na Publishing Triangle (1999) na onye NEA fellow.<ref name="CA2"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.publishingtriangle.org/awards.asp#Bill|work=PublishingTriangle.org|accessdate=June 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/22217837.html?dids=22217837:22217837&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+26%2C+1997&author=PAMELA+WARRICK&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Credit+Where+It%27s+Overdue%3B+His+writing+began+with+controversy.+Now+John+Rechy%27s+life+work+is+saluted.&pqatl=google|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140331222845/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/22217837.html?dids=22217837:22217837&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+26,+1997&author=PAMELA+WARRICK&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Credit+Where+It's+Overdue;+His+writing+began+with+controversy.+Now+John+Rechy's+life+work+is+saluted.&pqatl=google|archivedate=March 31, 2014|title=Credit Where It's Overdue; His writing began with controversy. Now John Rechy's life work is saluted|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=October 26, 1997|accessdate=March 31, 2014|author=Warrick, Pamela}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu ngalaba na Master of Professional Writing Program na Mahadum nke Southern California. Ọ bụ onye mbụ natara onyinye ONE Magazine Culture Hero Award.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Culture Hero Award 2006—John Rechy|url=https://www.myspace.com/onearchives/photos/albums/album/868848|publisher=ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives|accessdate=June 8, 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, ọ meriri na Los Angeles Review of Books / UCR Creative Writing Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://creativewriting.ucr.edu/contests-awards|title=Contests & Awards}}</ref> Na 30th Lambda Literary Awards na 2018, ọ meriri Lambda Literario Award maka Gay Fiction maka After the Blue Hour .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191016010443/http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Lambda-Literary-Awards-honor-Carmen-Maria-Machado-John-Rechy-Keeanga-Yamahtta-Taylor/63080.html "Lambda Literary awardees include Carmen Maria Machado, John Rechy, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor"]. ''[[Windy City Times]]'', June 5, 2018.</ref> N'afọ 2018, e nyekwara Rechy onyinye Robert Kirsch maka ọ rụzuru n'oge ndụ ya na-ekwu na ọ bụ "onye isi na obodo ndị Mexico, LGBTQ na Los Angeles". N'afọ 2020, ụlọ ọrụ Texas Institute of Letters sọpụrụ Rechy na Lon Tinkle Lifetime Achievement Award. Onye isi ala TIL Carmen Tafolla kpọrọ ọrụ Rechy "oge mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na akwụkwọ America nke oge a, na akụkọ a na-ede n'ụzọ na-atọ ụtọ na-eme ka nghọta anyị banyere ịma mma na mgbu nke ahụmịhe mmadụ dị nkọ". == Ihe Nketa == Ndị edemede Michael Cunningham, Kate Braverman, Sandra Tsing Loh, na Gina Nahai bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ nke klas edemede Rechy tupu ha aghọọ ndị edemede bipụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/17/entertainment/ca-rechy17/2|title=John Rechy's intensified reality|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 17, 2008|accessdate=April 18, 2014|author=Nelson, Steffie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012000/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/17/entertainment/ca-rechy17/2|archive-date=April 19, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SFW">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfweekly.com/2000-04-05/news/the-romantic-egotist/full/|title=The Romantic Egotist|work=[[SF Weekly]]|date=April 5, 2000|accessdate=March 31, 2014|author=Timberg, Scott|archivedate=April 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407054813/http://www.sfweekly.com/2000-04-05/news/the-romantic-egotist/full/}}</ref> Enyemaka Rechy nyere na akụkọ ndị inyom na Chicana feminist canon gosipụtara n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ya. Maria DeGuzman na-ekwu n'akwụkwọ ya, Understanding John Rechy, na "ihe nnọchianya ụmụ nwanyị Chicana nke ụmụ nwanyị na-egosi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ ghọtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti misogyny na homophobia (megide ụmụ nwoke na-edina nwoke yana megide LGBTQ+ n'ozuzu). Mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị trans (dịka ọmụmaatụ, "Troja" na Marilyn's Daughter) abụghị naanị maka obodo Latinx; ọ bụ, n'ọrụ Rechy, maka ọdịbendị US ka ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2, 2020|title=Interview with Maria DeGuzman, Author of Understanding John Rechy|url=https://latinxtalk.org/2020/09/02/interview-with-maria-deguzman-author-of-understanding-john-rechy-university-of-south-carolina-press-2019/|accessdate=February 21, 2023|work=LATINX TALK}}</ref> Onye na-ese ''ihe'' n'asụsụ bekee bụ David Hockney's painting Building, Pershing Square, Los Angeles sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke otu akụkụ dị na City of Night.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvjK_9445wsC&q=john+rechy+david+hockney&pg=PA119|title=Rebels in Paradise: The Los Angeles Art Scene and the 1960s|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers (United States)|Macmillan]]|author=Drohojowska-Philp, Hunter|year=2011|pages=119|isbn=9781429958998}}</ref> Egwú 1983 "Numbers" nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri synth-pop nke Bekee bụ Soft Cell sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Rechy nke 1967 nke otu aha ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.polarimagazine.com/lgbt-history-month/numbers-soft-cell/|title=Featured Song – Day 27|work=Polari Magazine|date=February 27, 2012|accessdate=July 31, 2014}}</ref> Annenberg Center of Communications mepụtara CD-ROM nke ndụ na ọrụ Rechy ma kpọọ ya Mysteries and Desire: Searching the Worlds of John Rechy.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uD6PKXl3q4C&q=%22john+rechy%22&pg=PA669|title=Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture. 2. M - Z|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|author=Candelaria, Cordelia Chávez|year=2004|pages=667–69|isbn=9780313332111}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Wittliff Collection na Mahadum Texas State nwetara ihe ndekọ zuru ezu nke Rechy na-ekwu, " onwunwe a na-eje ozi dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ nke otu n'ime oge kachasị mkpa na ndụ onwe onye na nke edemede Rechy". Ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ kwetara na mmetụta Rechy gụnyere David Bowie, Jim Morrison, Bob Dylan na Tom Waits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Memoriam: David Bowie's Top 100 Favorite Books|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2016/01/11/david-bowies-top-100-books|accessdate=March 28, 2022|work=The New York Public Library|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * ''Obodo nke abalị'' (Grove Press, 1963) * ''Ọnụ ọgụgụ'' (Grove Press, 1967) * ''Ọnwụ Ụbọchị A'' (Grove Press, 1969) * ''Ndị na-agba ọbara'' (Grove Press, 1971) * ''Mmụọ ozi nke Anọ'' (Viking, 1972) * ''Rushes'' (Grove Press, 1979 * ''Ahụ na Mkpụrụ Obi'' (Carroll & Graf, 1983) * ''Nwa nwanyị Marilyn'' (Carroll & Graf, 1988) * ''Ụbọchị Ọrụ Ebube nke Amalia Gomez'' (Arcade, 1991) * ''Nwanyị Anyị nke Babilọn'' (Arcade, 1996) * ''Ọbịbịa nke abalị'' (Grove Press, 1999) * ''Ndụ na Ahụmahụ nke Lyle Clemens'' (Grove Press, 2003)<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hall|first=J. S.|title=Rechy's big adventure|url=http://washingtonblade.com/2003/12-26/arts/books/books.cfm|work=[[Washington Blade]]|date=December 26, 2003|archive-date=January 3, 2004|access-date=July 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040103065320/http://washingtonblade.com/2003/12-26/arts/books/books.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Mgbe'' Blue Hour gasịrị (Grove Press, 2017) * ''Pablo''! (Arte Público Press, 2018) === Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * The Sexual Outlaw (Grove Press, 1977) * ''N'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ'' (Carroll & Graf, 2004) * ''Banyere Ndụ m na Nwanyị E Kept'' (Grove Press, 2008) (memoir) <references responsive="1"></references> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịghọta John Rechy. Mahadum nke South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1643360065 * {{Cite book|author=Casillo, Charles|title=Outlaw: The Lives and Careers of John Rechy|publisher=Advocate Books|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9W8zknIeHF0C&q=Alienated+Rebels:+John+Rechy+and+James+Baldwin|isbn=9781555837341}} == Njikọ mpụga == * JohnRechy.com, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * "UCLA Prọfesọ Héctor Calderón na mkparịta ụka ya na onye edemede John Rechy, May 14, 2013", vidio nke UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center * {{Cite web|url=http://www.glbtq.com/literature/rechy_j.html|title=Rechy, John (b. 1934)|first=Gregory W.|author=Bredbeck|publisher=[[glbtq.com]]|accessdate=February 6, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206200254/http://www.glbtq.com/literature/rechy_j.html|archivedate=February 6, 2015}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.glbtq.com/blogs/john_rechys_city_of_night_at_.html|title=John Rechy's ''City of Night'' at 50|first=Claude J.|author=Summers|publisher=glbtq.com|date=October 25, 2013|accessdate=February 6, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206190742/http://www.glbtq.com/blogs/john_rechys_city_of_night_at_.html|archivedate=February 6, 2015}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] frk4a1dgzxk8xr69fr0nrbi9qa94bqn 0 28157 727787 706459 2026-09-25T02:04:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Before_and_after_comparison_of_weight_loss_2015-06-25.png|thumb|Ibu ibu]]  {{Human body weight}} Mbelata ịdị arọ, n'ihe gbasara ọgwụ, ahụike, ma ọ bụ ahụike, na-ezo aka na mbelata nke oke ahụ, site na mbelata mmiri, abụba ahụ (anụ ahụ gbakwunyere), ma ọ bụ obere '''ibu''' (ya bụ, ọkpụkpụ mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, na anụ ahụ njikọ ndị ọzọ). Mbelata ibu nwere ike ime n'amaghị ama n'ihi nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa dị n'ime ya, ma ọ bụ site na mgbalị a na-eme iji melite oke ibu ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ buru oke ibu. "Ọnwụ ibu a na-akọwaghị akọwa" nke na-esoghị na mbelata nke calorific iri nri ma ọ bụ mmega ahụ a na-akpọ cachexia ma nwee ike ịbụ mgbaàmà nke ọnọdụ ahụike siri ike.   == Ihe ama a ma mee == Ịma n'obi ibu ibu bụ ịla n'iyi n'ibu ahụ n'ihi mgbalị iji melite ahụike na ahụike, ma ọ bụ ịgbanwe ọdịdị site na ịkpụcha. Mbelata ibu bụ ọgwụgwọ bụ isi maka oke ibu, ma enwere ihe akaebe siri ike nke a nwere ike igbochi ọganihu site na prediabetes gaa na ụdị ọrịa shuga nke 2 na 7-10% ibu ibu ibu ma jikwaa ahụike obi maka ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na 5-15% ibu ibu ibu ibu.<ref name="USDietaryGuidelines2015">{{Cite web|author=US Department of Health and Human Services.|title=2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans - health.gov|url=https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/|work=health.gov|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|accessdate=30 September 2019|date=2017|archivedate=6 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106200014/https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/}}</ref><ref name="AACAHA2019">{{Cite journal|author=Arnett|first=Donna K.|title=2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease|journal=Circulation|volume=140|issue=11|pages=e596–e646|date=17 March 2019|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678|pmid=30879355}}</ref><ref name="USGuidelines2013">{{Cite journal|author=Jensen|first=MD|title=2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society.|journal=Circulation|date=24 June 2014|volume=129|issue=25 Suppl 2|pages=S102-38|doi=10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee|pmid=24222017}}</ref><ref name="ADA2018">{{Cite journal|author=Evert|first=Alison B.|date=May 2019|title=Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report|journal=Diabetes Care|volume=42|issue=5|pages=731–754|doi=10.2337/dci19-0014|pmid=31000505}}</ref> Ibu ibu n'ime ndị buru oke ibu ma ọ bụ buru oke ibu nwere ike belata ihe ize ndụ ahụike, mee ka ahụike dịkwuo mma, ma nwee ike igbu oge mmalite nke ọrịa shuga.<ref name="LeBlanc-AHRQ" /><ref name="IQWiG-health-benefits">{{Cite web|author=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care|title=Health benefits of losing weight|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004993/|work=Fact sheet, Informed Health Online|publisher=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care|accessdate=27 June 2013|archive-date=18 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218232700/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004993/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="LeBlanc-AHRQ">{{Cite journal|author=LeBlanc|first=E|title=Screening for and management of obesity and overweight in adults|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0016399/|journal=Evidence Syntheses, No. 89|accessdate=27 June 2013|date=October 2011|pmid=22049569|archive-date=18 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218132840/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0016399/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ nwere ike belata ihe mgbu ma mee ka mmegharị ahụ dịkwuo n'etiti ndị nwere ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo nke ikpere.<ref name="IQWiG-health-benefits" /> Mbelata ibu nwere ike iduga na mbelata ọbara mgbali elu (ọbara mgbali elu), agbanyeghị ma nke a na-ebelata mmerụ ahụ metụtara ọbara mgbali ala edoghị anya. [nchọpụta na-adaghị ada] A na-enweta mbelata ibu site na ịnakwere ụdị ndụ nke a na'eri calorie ole na ole karịa ka a na-emefu.<ref name="LeBlanc-AHRQ" /><ref name="nhs">{{Cite web|publisher=National Health Service|title=Health Weight – Understanding Calories|url=https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/understanding-calories/|date=19 August 2016}}</ref> Ịda mbà n'obi, nrụgide ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ nwere ike itinye aka n'ịbawanye ibu, na n'ọnọdụ ndị a, a na-adụ ndị mmadụ ọdụ ka ha chọọ enyemaka ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-antidepressant-diet/201708/moods-overeating-good-bad-and-bored|title=Moods for Overeating: Good, Bad, and Bored|work=Psychology Today|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-10-17}}</ref> Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2010 chọpụtara na ndị na-eri nri na-ehi ụra abalị zuru ezu tụfuru ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke abụba karịa ndị na-enweghị ụra.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nedeltcheva|first=AV|title=Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_2010-10-05_153_7/page/n42|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=153|issue=7|pages=435–41|year=2010|pmid=20921542|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Harmon, Katherine|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/sleep-might-help-dieters-shed-more-fat/|title=Sleep might help dieters shed more fat|work=Scientific American|date=4 October 2010|accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eche na mgbakwunye vitamin D nwere ike inye aka, nnyocha anaghị akwado nke a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Pathak|first=K.|date=2014-06-01|title=Vitamin D supplementation and body weight status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials|pmid=24528624|journal=Obesity Reviews|volume=15|issue=6|pages=528–37|doi=10.1111/obr.12162|issn=1467-789X}}</ref> Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eri nri na-ebuwanye ibu n'ime ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1042/CS20120223|title=The defence of body weight: A physiological basis for weight regain after weight loss|year=2013|author=Sumithran|first=Priya|journal=Clinical Science|volume=124|issue=4|pages=231–41|pmid=23126426}}</ref> Dị ka UK National Health Service na Dietary Guidelines for Americans si kwuo, ndị na-enweta ma na-achịkwa ịdị arọ dị mma na-eme ya nke ọma site n'ịkpachara anya iri calorie zuru ezu iji gboo mkpa ha, na ịrụsi ọrụ ike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/executive-summary/|title=Executive Summary|work=Dietary Guidelines 2015–2020|accessdate=2 May 2016|archivedate=19 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319142322/https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/executive-summary/}}</ref><ref name="nhs" /> Maka ibu ibu ka ọ bụrụ nke na-adịgide adịgide, mgbanwe na nri na ụzọ ndụ ga-abụkwa nke na-adịghị adịgide adịgide.<ref name="Hart2018">{{Cite book|author=Hart|first=Katherine|editor=Hankey|title=Advanced nutrition and dietetics in obesity|url=https://archive.org/details/advancednutritio0000cath|date=2018|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780470670767|pages=[https://archive.org/details/advancednutritio0000cath/page/177 177]–182|language=en|chapter=4.6 Fad diets and fasting for weight loss in obesity.}}</ref><ref name="Hanky2017">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ky5ADwAAQBAJ|title=Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity|author=Hankey|first=Catherine|date=2017-11-23|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118857977|pages=179–181|language=en}}</ref><ref name="bda">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/faddiets.pdf|title=Fact Sheet—Fad diets|year=2014|publisher=British Dietetic Association|accessdate=12 December 2015|quote=Fad-diets can be tempting as they offer a quick-fix to a long-term problem.}}</ref> E nwere ihe akaebe na ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ mmega ahụ naanị anaghị akpata ibu ibu, ebe naanị iri nri na-ebute ibu ibu ogologo oge, na njikọta nke iri nri na mmega ahụ na-enye nsonaazụ kachasị mma.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=The Look AHEAD Research Group|date=2014|title=Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: The look AHEAD study: 8-Year Weight Losses in Look AHEAD|journal=Obesity|language=en|volume=22|issue=1|pages=5–13|doi=10.1002/oby.20662|pmid=24307184}}</ref> Ntinye nri, orlistat, nri na-enweghị calorie, na nlekọta ahụike siri ike nwekwara ike ịkwado ibu ibu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thom|first=G|title=Is There an Optimal Diet for Weight Management and Metabolic Health?|journal=Gastroenterology|date=May 2017|volume=152|issue=7|pages=1739–1751|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.056|pmid=28214525|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/137779/7/137779.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Katzmarzyk|first=Peter T.|date=2020-09-03|title=Weight Loss in Underserved Patients — A Cluster-Randomized Trial|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=383|issue=10|pages=909–918|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2007448|issn=0028-4793|pmid=32877581}}</ref> === Usoro === [[Usòrò:Obesity_Med2008.JPG|alt=The cardboard packaging of two medications used to treat obesity. Orlistat is shown above under the brand name Xenical in a white package with Roche branding. Sibutramine is below under the brand name Meridia. Orlistat is also available as Alli in the United Kingdom. The A of the Abbott Laboratories logo is on the bottom half of the package.|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Orlistat (Xenical), ọgwụ a na-ejikarị agwọ oke ibu na sibutramine (Meridia), ọgwụ a kwụsịrị n'ihi mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke obi]] ==== Nri na mmega ahụ ==== Ụzọ ndị na-adịchaghị arọ, na ndị a na-atụkarị aro, bụ mgbanwe na usoro iri nri na mmụba nke mmega ahụ, n'ozuzu n'ụdị mmega ahụ.<ref name="vark">{{Cite journal|author=Varkevisser|first=R. D. M.|title=Determinants of weight loss maintenance: a systematic review|journal=Obesity Reviews|volume=20|issue=2|date=2018-10-16|issn=1467-7881|pmid=30324651|doi=10.1111/obr.12772|pages=171–211}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-atụ aro ka ndị mmadụ jikọta mbelata nke nri ndị a na-edozi nke nwere abụba, shuga na [[Ńnú|nnu]], yana mbelata iri calorie na mmụba nke mmega ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2814253.stm|title=World Health Organization recommends eating less processed food|work=BBC News|date=3 March 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/choosing-a-safe-successful-weight-loss-program|title=Choosing a safe and successful weight loss program|work=Weight-control Information Network|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|date=July 2017|accessdate=2020-07-17}}</ref> Ma mmemme mmega ahụ ogologo oge na ọgwụ mgbochi oke ibu na-ebelata abụba dị n'afọ.<ref name="Rao">{{Cite journal|author=Rao|first=S|title=Effect of Exercise and Pharmacological Interventions on Visceral Adiposity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term Randomized Controlled Trials.|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=94|issue=2|year=2019|pages=211–224|pmid=30711119|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.019}}</ref> Nnyocha onwe onye nke nri, mmega ahụ, na ịdị arọ bụ usoro bara uru maka ịdị arọ, ọkachasị n'oge mmemme ịdị arọ.<ref name="vark" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Burke|first=Lora E.|date=2011|title=Self-Monitoring in Weight Loss: A Systematic Review of the Literature|journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association|language=en|volume=111|issue=1|pages=92–102|doi=10.1016/j.jada.2010.10.008|pmid=21185970}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Steinberg|first=Dori M.|date=2013|title=The efficacy of a daily self-weighing weight loss intervention using smart scales and e-mail: Daily Self-Weighing Weight Loss Intervention|journal=Obesity|language=en|volume=21|issue=9|pages=1789–97|doi=10.1002/oby.20396|pmid=23512320}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Krukowski|first=Rebecca A.|date=2013|title=Patterns of success: Online self-monitoring in a web-based behavioral weight control program.|journal=Health Psychology|language=en|volume=32|issue=2|pages=164–170|doi=10.1037/a0028135|issn=1930-7810|pmid=22545978}}</ref> Nnyocha na-egosi na ndị na-ede nri ha ihe dị ka ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị na ihe dị ka okpukpu iri abụọ n'ọnwa nwere ike ịbawanye ibu.<ref name="vark" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Harvey|first=Jean|date=2019|title=Log Often, Lose More: Electronic Dietary Self-Monitoring for Weight Loss: Log Often, Lose More|journal=Obesity|language=en|volume=27|issue=3|pages=380–384|doi=10.1002/oby.22382|pmid=30801989}}</ref> Mbelata ịdị arọ na-adịgide adịgide na-adabere n'ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi ike na-adịghị mma ọ bụghị ụdị macronutrients (dị ka carbohydrate) a na-eri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bayer|first=Sandra|title=Carbohydrate intake – current knowledge on weight management|journal=Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care|date=July 2022|volume=25|issue=4|pages=265–270|doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000840|pmid=35762163|issn=1363-1950}}</ref> Nri protein dị elu egosila ịdị irè dị ukwuu n'oge dị mkpirikpi (n'okpuru ọnwa 12) maka ndị mmadụ na-eri ''ad libitum'' n'ihi mmụba nke okpomọkụ na afọ ojuju, agbanyeghị mmetụta a na-apụ n'anya ka oge na-aga.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Magkos|first=Faidon|title=Protein-Rich Diets for Weight Loss Maintenance|journal=Current Obesity Reports|date=2020|volume=9|issue=3|pages=213–218|doi=10.1007/s13679-020-00391-0|pmid=32542589}}</ref> ==== Ọgwụ ==== Ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si eme ka mmadụ belata ibu na-agụnye iji ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi oke ibu nke na-ebelata agụụ, na-egide ịmịkọrọ abụba, ma ọ bụ na-ebepụ ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ. Ibu oke ibu anọwo na-eguzogide ọgwụgwọ dabere na ọgwụ, na nyocha 2021 na-ekwu na ọgwụ ndị dị ugbu a "na-enyekarị ọrụ na-ezughị ezu na nchekwa a na-enyo enyo".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Müller|first=Timo D.|title=Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges|journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery|date=2022|volume=21|issue=3|pages=201–223|doi=10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8|pmid=34815532|language=en|issn=1474-1784}}</ref> ==== Ịwa ahụ n'ahụ ==== Enwere ike igosi ịwa ahụ bariatric n'ọnọdụ oke ibu. Usoro ịwa ahụ abụọ a na-ahụkarị bụ gastric bypass na gastric banding.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Albgomi|title=Bariatric Surgery Highlights and Facts|url=http://www.bariatricguide.org/what-is-bariatric-surgery/|work=Bariatric Surgery Information Guide|publisher=bariatricguide.org|accessdate=13 June 2013|archivedate=6 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206230954/http://www.bariatricguide.org/what-is-bariatric-surgery/}}</ref> Ha abụọ nwere ike ịdị irè n'ibelata ike nri site n'i belata ogo afọ, mana dịka usoro ịwa ahụ ọ bụla, ha abụọ nwere ihe ize ndụ nke ha nke a ga-atụle na ndụmọdụ na dọkịta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/gastric-bypass/my00825/dsection=risks|title=Gastric bypass risks|publisher=Mayo Clinic|date=2009-02-09}}</ref> === Ụlọ ọrụ na-ebelata ibu === E nwere nnukwu ahịa maka ngwaahịa ndị na-azọrọ na ha na-eme ka ibu dịkwuo mfe, ngwa ngwa, dị ọnụ ala, bụrụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ma ọ bụ ghara ịdị arọ. Ndị a gụnyere akwụkwọ, DVD, CD, cremes, lotions, ọgwụ, mgbaaka na ọla ntị, mkpuchi ahụ, belt na ihe ndị ọzọ, ebe mmega ahụ, ụlọ ọgwụ, ndị nkuzi onwe onye, ìgwè ndị na-ebelata ibu, na ngwaahịa nri na ihe mgbakwunye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/wgtloss.html|publisher=[[US Food and Drug Administration]]|title=The facts about weight loss products and programs|work=DHHS Publication No (FDA) 92-1189|year=1992|accessdate=2013-05-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926035920/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/wgtloss.html|archivedate=26 September 2006}}</ref> Ihe mgbakwunye nri, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, anaghị ele ya anya dị ka nhọrọ dị mma maka ibu ibu, ọ nweghịkwa ihe akaebe ahụike nke ịdị irè.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Weight control behaviors among adult men and women: Cause for concern?|author=Neumark-Sztainer|first=Dianne|journal=Obesity Research|volume=7|issue=2|pages=179–88|date=March 1999|doi=10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00700.x|pmid=10102255}}</ref> E gosighi na ọgwụ ahịhịa dị irè.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Maunder|first=Alison|date=2020-01-27|title=Effectiveness of herbal medicines for weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials|journal=Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism|volume=22|issue=6|pages=891–903|doi=10.1111/dom.13973|issn=1463-1326|pmid=31984610}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, a na-emefu n'etiti ijeri US $ 33 na ijeri $ 55 kwa afọ na US na ngwaahịa na ọrụ ndị na-ebelata ibu, gụnyere usoro ahụike na ọgwụ, na ebe ndị na-eburu ibu na-ewere n'etiti pasent 6 na 12 nke ngụkọta mmefu kwa afọ. A na-emefu ihe karịrị ijeri $ 1.6 kwa afọ na mgbakwunye na-ebelata ibu. Ihe dị ka pasent 70 nke mgbalị iri nri ndị America bụ nke enyemaka onwe onye.<ref name="F">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100712103445.htm|title=No evidence that popular slimming supplements facilitate weight loss, new research finds|date=14 July 2010|accessdate=2010-07-19}}</ref> N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe, ahịa nke ngwaahịa ndị na-ebelata ibu, ewezuga ọgwụ ndị e dere ede, gafere ijeri euro 1.25 (£ 900 nde / $ 1.4 ijeri) na 2009.<ref name="F"/> Eziokwu sayensị nke nri azụmahịa site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ibu ahịa dịgasị iche iche, n'ịbụ ndị na-adabereghị na ihe akaebe, yabụ enwere naanị ihe akaebe pere mpe na-akwado ojiji ha, n'ihi ọnụego dị elu.<ref name="Thom2017">{{Cite journal|author=Thom|first=G|title=Is There an Optimal Diet for Weight Management and Metabolic Health?|journal=Gastroenterology|date=May 2017|volume=152|issue=7|pages=1739–1751|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.056|pmid=28214525|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/137779/7/137779.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Wadden2012">{{Cite journal|author=Wadden|first=Thomas A.|title=Lifestyle Modification for Obesity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_circulation_2012-03-06_125_9/page/n94|journal=Circulation|date=6 March 2012|volume=125|issue=9|pages=1157–1170|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.039453|pmid=22392863}}</ref><ref name="Atallah2014">{{Cite journal|author=Atallah|first=R.|title=Long-Term Effects of 4 Popular Diets on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes|date=11 November 2014|volume=7|issue=6|pages=815–827|doi=10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000723|pmid=25387778}}</ref><ref name="Avery2018">{{Cite book|author=Avery|first=Amanda|editor=Hankey|title=Advanced nutrition and dietetics in obesity|url=https://archive.org/details/advancednutritio0000cath|date=2018|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780470670767|pages=[https://archive.org/details/advancednutritio0000cath/page/177 177]–182|language=en|chapter=4.7 Commercial weight management organisations for weight loss in obesity.}}</ref><ref name="Tsai2005">{{Cite journal|author=Tsai|first=AG|title=Systematic review: an evaluation of major commercial weight loss programs in the United States.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_2005-01-04_142_1/page/56|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=4 January 2005|volume=142|issue=1|pages=56–66|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00012|pmid=15630109}}</ref><ref name="Allan2018">{{Cite book|author=Allan|first=Karen|editor=Hankey|title=Advanced nutrition and dietetics in obesity|url=https://archive.org/details/advancednutritio0000cath|date=2018|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780470670767|pages=[https://archive.org/details/advancednutritio0000cath/page/164 164]–168|language=en|chapter=4.4 Group‐based interventions for weight loss in obesity.}}</ref> Nri azụmaahịa na-akpata obere ibu n'oge na-adịghị anya, na nsonaazụ yiri nke ahụ n'agbanyeghị akara, yana n'otu aka ahụ na nri ndị na-abụghị nke azụmahịa na nlekọta ọkọlọtọ.<ref name="Atallah2014" /><ref name="Tsai2005" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vakil|first=RM|title=Direct comparisons of commercial weight-loss programs on weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure: a systematic review.|journal=BMC Public Health|date=1 June 2016|volume=16|pages=460|doi=10.1186/s12889-016-3112-z|pmid=27246464}}</ref><ref name="Gud2015" /><ref name="Thom2017" /><ref name="USGuidelines2013"/> Usoro nri zuru oke, na-enye ndụmọdụ na ebumnuche maka iri calorie, dị irè karịa iri nri na-enweghị nduzi ("onwe-enyere aka"), ọ bụ ezie na ihe akaebe ahụ pere mpe.<ref name="Thom2017" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kernan|first=Walter N.|title=Obesity - A Stubbornly Obvious Target for Stroke Prevention|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_stroke_2013-01_44_1/page/278|journal=Stroke|date=January 2013|volume=44|issue=1|pages=278–286|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.639922|pmid=23111440}}</ref><ref name="Gud2015">{{Cite journal|author=Gudzune|first=KA|title=Efficacy of commercial weight-loss programs: an updated systematic review.|journal=[[Annals of Internal Medicine]]|date=7 April 2015|volume=162|issue=7|pages=501–512|pmid=25844997|doi=10.7326/M14-2238}}</ref><ref name="Allan2018" /> National Institute for Health and Care Excellence chepụtara usoro ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nlekọta ibu azụmahịa ga-ezute iji kwado.<ref name="Avery2018" /> == Amaghi ama == Ịnọda ibu n'amaghị ama nwere ike ịpụta site na ọnwụ nke abụba ahụ, ọnwụ nke mmiri ahụ, nkwarụ nke uru ahụ, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ndị a.<ref name="NCI-PDQ" /><ref name="Huffman-2002">{{Cite journal|author=Huffman|first=GB|title=Evaluating and treating unintentional weight loss in the elderly|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2002-02-15_65_4/page/640|journal=American Family Physician|date=15 February 2002|volume=65|issue=4|pages=640–50|pmid=11871682}}</ref> A na-ewere ya dị ka nsogbu ahụike mgbe ọ dịkarịa ala 10% nke ịdị arọ nke ahụ mmadụ efunahụla n'ime ọnwa isii ma ọ bụ 5% n'ọnwa gara aga.<ref name="NCI-PDQ">{{Cite journal|author=National Cancer Institute|title=Nutrition in cancer care (PDQ)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0032688/|journal=Physician Data Query|accessdate=3 July 2013|date=November 2011|pmid=26389293}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roleofnutritioni0000inst|title=The role of nutrition in maintaining health in the nation's elderly: evaluating coverage of nutrition services for the Medicare population|publisher=National Academies Press|author=Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Nutrition Services for Medicare Beneficiaries|isbn=978-0-309-06846-8|date=2000-06-09}}</ref> Ụkpụrụ ọzọ a na-eji atụle ịdị arọ nke dị ala bụ body mass index (BMI).<ref name="NICE-NutrSupport"/> Otú ọ dị, ọbụna obere ibu ibu nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara nchegbu siri ike na onye agadi na-adịghị ike.<ref name="Yaxley-2012">{{Cite journal|author=Yaxley|first=A|title=Pharmacological interventions for geriatric cachexia: a narrative review of the literature.|journal=The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging|date=February 2012|volume=16|issue=2|pages=148–54|pmid=22323350|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0052255/|doi=10.1007/s12603-011-0083-8|archive-date=2013-11-18|access-date=2023-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118132817/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0052255/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ịdị arọ n'amaghị ama nwere ike ime n'ihi nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ nke ọma na mkpa ike nke mmadụ (nke a na-akpọkarị [[Agụụ|nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ]]). Usoro ọrịa, mgbanwe na metabolism, mgbanwe homonụ, ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ, mgbanwe nri metụtara ọrịa ma ọ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ, ma ọ bụ mbelata agụụ na-emetụta ọrịa ma ọ dị ọgwụgwọ nwekwara ike ịkpata ibu ibu na-enweghị isi.<ref name="NCI-PDQ"/><ref name="Huffman-2002"/><ref name="Itoh-2013">{{Cite journal|author=Itoh|first=M|title=Undernutrition in patients with COPD and its treatment|journal=Nutrients|date=18 April 2013|volume=5|issue=4|pages=1316–35|pmid=23598440|doi=10.3390/nu5041316}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mangili A, Murman DH, Zampini AM, Wanke CA|title=Nutrition and HIV infection: review of weight loss and wasting in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy from the nutrition for healthy living cohort|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-infectious-diseases_2006-03-15_42_6/page/836|journal=Clin. Infect. Dis.|volume=42|issue=6|pages=836–42|year=2006|pmid=16477562|doi=10.1086/500398}}</ref><ref name="Nygaard-2010">{{Cite journal|author=Nygaard|first=B|title=Hyperthyroidism (primary)|journal=Clinical Evidence|date=19 July 2010|volume=2010|pmid=21418670|pages=0611}}</ref> Ojiji na-adịghị mma nke ihe oriri nwere ike ibute ibu, ọ pụkwara ibute site na fistulae na eriri afọ, [[afọ ọsịsa]], mmekọrịta ọgwụ na-edozi ahụ, enzyme depletion na muscle atrophy. Ịnọgide na-ebelata ibu nwere ike ịka njọ n'imebi, ọnọdụ akọwapụtara nke ọma a na-akpọ cachexia.<ref name="Yaxley-2012"/> Cachexia dị iche na agụụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi na ọ na-agụnye mmeghachi omume mgbu.<ref name="Yaxley-2012" /> A na-ejikọta ya na nsonaazụ ndị na-adịghị mma.<ref name="NCI-PDQ"/><ref name="Yaxley-2012" /><ref name="Itoh-2013"/> N'oge dị elu nke ọrịa na-aga n'ihu, metabolism nwere ike ịgbanwe ka ha wee belata ibu ọbụna mgbe ha na-enweta ihe a na-ewere dị ka nri na-edozi ahụ na ahụ enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ. Nke a na-eduga n'ọnọdụ a na-akpọ anorexia cachexia syndrome (ACS) na nri na-edozi ahụ ma ọ bụ mgbakwunye agaghị enyere aka. Mgbaàmà nke ibu ibu site na ACS gụnyere oke ibu ibu site n'ike karịa abụba ahụ, enweghị agụụ na mmetụta nke afọ ojuju mgbe ha risịrị obere ihe, agbọ onunu, [[Ịdị ụkọ ọbara|ụkọ ọbara]], adịghị ike na ike ọgwụgwụ.<ref name="Payne 2012" /> Mbelata ịdị arọ dị njọ nwere ike belata ogo ndụ, mebie ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ mgbake, mee ka usoro ọrịa ka njọ ma bụrụ ihe ize ndụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnwụ.<ref name="NCI-PDQ"/><ref name="Yaxley-2012"/> Nsogbu na-edozi ahụ nwere ike imetụta ọrụ ọ bụla nke ahụ mmadụ, site na mkpụrụ ndụ ruo ọrụ kachasị mgbagwoju anya nke ahụ, gụnyere:<ref name="NICE-NutrSupport"/> * mmeghachi omume nke usoro ahụike; * ọgwụgwọ ọnyá; * ike nke uru ahụ (gụnyere uru iku ume); * ikike akụrụ na mbelata na-eduga na nsogbu mmiri na electrolyte; * njikwa okpomọkụ; na * ịhụ nsọ. Nsogbu na-edozi ahụ nwere ike ibute vitamin na ụkọ ndị ọzọ na enweghị ọrụ, nke n'aka nke ya nwere ike ibu ụzọ nweta nsogbu ndị ọzọ, dị ka ọnyá nrụgide.<ref name="NICE-NutrSupport">{{Cite journal|author=National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care (UK)|title=Nutrition Support for Adults: Oral Nutrition Support, Enteral Tube Feeding and Parenteral Nutrition|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0009169/|journal=NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 32|date=February 2006|archive-date=2014-02-27|access-date=2023-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227063542/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0009169/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ịdị arọ n'amaghị ama nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-eduga na nchọpụta nke ọrịa dịka ọrịa kansa na ụdị ọrịa shuga 1.<ref name="NCI-PDQ"/><ref name="NICE-Diabetes-2004">{{Cite book|author=National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK)|title=Type 1 diabetes in adults: National clinical guideline for diagnosis and management in primary and secondary care|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0016045/|publisher=Royal College of Physicians UK|accessdate=3 July 2013|isbn=978-1860162282|year=2004|archive-date=26 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526010751/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0016045/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na UK, ihe ruru 5% nke ndị bi n'ozuzu ha erughị oke, mana ihe karịrị 10% nke ndị nwere ọrịa akpa ume ma ọ bụ eriri afọ na ndị a wara ahụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.<ref name="NICE-NutrSupport" /> Dabere na data na UK site na iji Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ('MUST'), nke na-agụnye ibu ibu na-enweghị isi, ihe karịrị 10% nke ndị karịrị afọ 65 nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ.<ref name="NICE-NutrSupport" /> Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu (10-60%) nke ndị ọrịa ụlọ ọgwụ nọkwa n'ihe ize ndụ, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ yiri nke ahụ n'ụlọ nlekọta.<ref name="NICE-NutrSupport" /> === Ihe na-akpata oria === Enwere ike ịtụle nsogbu na-edozi ahụ metụtara ọrịa n'ụdị anọ:<ref name="NICE-NutrSupport"/> {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left:15px; text-align:left" !Nsogbu !Ihe kpatara ya |- |Enweghị ike iri nri |Nri na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịbụ ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa nwere ike ime ka iri nri na-egbu mgbu ma ọ bụ na-akpata agbọ onunu. Ọrịa nwekwara ike ịkpata enweghị nri. Enweghị ike iri nri nwere ike ịpụta site na: mbelata nke ịma ihe ma ọ bụ mgbagwoju anya, ma ọ bụ nsogbu anụ ahụ na-emetụta aka ma ọ bụ aka, ilo ma ọ bụ ịta. A pụkwara itinye ihe mgbochi iri nri dị ka akụkụ nke ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ nyocha. Enweghị nri nwere ike ịpụta site na: ịda ogbenye, ihe isi ike n'ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ isi nri, na nri na-adịghị mma. |- |Nsogbu ịgbari nri na/ma ọ bụ ịmịkọrọ |Nke a nwere ike ịpụta site na ọnọdụ na-emetụta usoro mgbari nri. |- |Ihe ndị a chọrọ gbanwere |Mgbanwe na ihe ndị metabolic chọrọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa, ịwa ahụ na dysfunction nke akụkụ ahụ. |- |Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ gabigara ókè |Mfu site na eriri afọ nwere ike ime n'ihi mgbaàmà dịka ịgbọ agbọ ma ọ bụ afọ ọsịsa, yana fistulae na stomas. Enwere ike ịnwe mfu site na nsị, gụnyere tubes nasogastric. Mfu ndị ọzọ: Ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ọkụ nwere ike ijikọta ya na mfu ndị dị ka akpụkpọ ahụ. |- |} * Ka ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala (COPD) na-aga n'ihu, ihe dị ka 35% nke ndị ọrịa na-enwe oke ibu a na-akpọ pulmonary cachexia, gụnyere mbelata nke uru ahụ.<ref name="Itoh-2013"/> Ihe dị ka pasent iri abụọ na ise na-enwe oke ibu, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ebelata ibu.<ref name="Itoh-2013" /> A na-ejikọta ibu ibu karịa na amụma dị ala.<ref name="Itoh-2013" /> Echiche banyere ihe ndị na-enye aka gụnyere enweghị agụụ nke metụtara ọrụ dị ala, ike ọzọ achọrọ maka iku ume, na ihe isi ike nke iri nri na dyspnea (ikuku siri ike).<ref name="Itoh-2013" /> * Ọrịa kansa, ihe a na-ahụkarị na mgbe ụfọdụ na-egbu egbu na-akpata ibu na-enweghị nkọwa (idiopathic). Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ibu ibu na-enweghị isi bụ nke abụọ na malignancy. Ọrịa kansa a ga-enyo enyo na ndị ọrịa na-enweghị nkọwa na-agụnye gastrointestinal, prostate, hepatobiliary (hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer), ovarian, hematologic ma ọ bụ malignancies akpa ume. * Ndị na-arịa nje HIV na-enwekarị ibu ibu, ọ na-ejikọkwa ya na nsonaazụ dị ala.<ref name="Mangili 2006">{{Cite journal|author=Mangili|first=A|title=Nutrition and HIV infection: review of weight loss and wasting in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy from the nutrition for healthy living cohort|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-infectious-diseases_2006-03-15_42_6/page/836|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=15 March 2006|volume=42|issue=6|pages=836–42|pmid=16477562|doi=10.1086/500398}}</ref> Nsogbu ịla n'iyi bụ ọnọdụ na-akọwa ọrịa AIDS.<ref name="Mangili 2006" /> * Nsogbu gastrointestinal bụ ihe ọzọ a na-ahụkarị na-akpata ibu ibu a na-akọwaghị - n'ezie ha bụ ihe kachasị njọ na-abụghị ọrịa kansa na-akpatakarị ibu idiopathic. [citation needed] ndị nwere ike ibu na-akparaghị ókè nke ibu na-enweghị nkọwa gụnyere: ọrịa celiac, ọrịa ulcer, ọrịa eriri afọ mgbu (ọrịa crohn na ulcerative colitis), pancreatitis, gastritis, afọ ọsịsa, chronic mesenteric ischemia<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bakhtiar|first=A|title=Weight Loss: A Significant Cue To The Diagnosis of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia.|journal=Cureus|date=7 August 2019|volume=11|issue=8|pages=e5335|doi=10.7759/cureus.5335|pmid=31598442}}</ref> na ọtụtụ ọnọdụ GI ndị ọzọ. * Ọrịa. Ụfọdụ ọrịa na-efe efe nwere ike ime ka ibu ghara ịdị arọ. Ọrịa fungus, endocarditis, ọtụtụ ọrịa parasitic, AIDS, na ụfọdụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-adịghị njọ ma ọ bụ nke na-eme anwansi nwere ike ịkpata ibu. * Ọrịa akụrụ. Ndị ọrịa na-arịa uremia na-enwekarị agụụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ enweghị agụụ, ịgbọ agbọ na agbọ onunu. Nke a nwere ike ime ka ibu dị arọ. * Ọrịa obi. Ọrịa obi, ọkachasị nkụchi obi, nwere ike ịkpata ibu ibu na-enweghị nkọwa. * Ọrịa nke anụ ahụ na-ejikọta * Nsogbu ọnụ, ụtọ ma ọ bụ ezé (gụnyere ọrịa) nwere ike belata iri nri na-edozi ahụ nke na-eduga n'ibu. ==== Mmekọrịta ọgwụgwọ ==== Ọgwụgwọ ahụike nwere ike ịkpata ibu ibu n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè, na-emebi ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ na mgbake nke cycle Many patients will be in pain and have a loss of appetite after surgery Part of the body's response to surgery is to direct energy to wound healing which increases the body's overall energy Requirements. Surgery effects nutritional status indirectly particularly during the recovery period ad it can interfere with wound healing and other aspects of recovery Surgery directly affects nutritional status if a procedure permanently alters the digestive system (Tube feeding)Is otten needed. However a policy of nil by mouth for all gastrointestinal surgery has not been shown to benefit with some weak evidence. Early post operative nutrition is a part of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. These protocols also include carbohydrate loading in the 24hours before surgery but earlier nutritional intervention have not been shown to have a significant impact ==== Ọnọdụ mmadụ ==== Ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị ka ịda ogbenye, nnọpụiche na enweghị ike inweta ma ọ bụ kwadebe nri kachasị amasị ya nwere ike ịkpata ibu ibu na-enweghị isi, nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndị agadi.<ref name="Alibhai 2005">{{Cite journal|author=Alibhai|first=SM|title=An approach to the management of unintentional weight loss in elderly people|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-medical-association-journal_2005-03-15_172_6/page/773|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=15 March 2005|volume=172|issue=6|pages=773–80|pmid=15767612|doi=10.1503/cmaj.1031527}}</ref> Ọdịbendị, ezinụlọ na usoro nkwenkwe nwekwara ike imetụta iri nri. Ezé ezé na-adịghị mma na nsogbu ezé ma ọ bụ nke ọnụ ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike imetụta nri na-edozi ahụ.<ref name="Payne 2012">{{cite journal|last=Payne|first=C|author2=Wiffen, PJ |author3=Martin, S |title=Interventions for fatigue and weight loss in adults with advanced progressive illness|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=18 January 2012|volume=1|article-number=CD008427|pmid=22258985|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008427.pub2|s2cid=261730608|editor1-last=Payne|editor1-first=Cathy}} {{Retracted|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008427.pub3|pmid=28387447|intentional=yes}}</ref> Enweghị olileanya, ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nsogbu ime mmụọ nwere ike ịkpata ịda mbà n'obi, nke nwere ike ijikọta ya na mbelata nri na-edozi ahụ, dịka ike ọgwụgwụ. == Akụkọ ifo == E gosipụtara ụfọdụ nkwenkwe ndị a ma ama na-ejikọta ya na ibu ibu ibu nwere mmetụta dị ala na ibu ibu karịa ka a na-ekwere ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma. Dị ka Harvard Health si kwuo, echiche nke metabolic rate ịbụ "isi ihe dị arọ" bụ "akụkụ eziokwu na akụkụ akụkọ ifo" dịka mgbe metabolism na-emetụta ịdị arọ, ike mpụga dị ka nri na mmega ahụ nwere mmetụta hà nhata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/diet-and-weight-loss/does-metabolism-matter-in-weight-loss|title=Does Metabolism Matter in Weight Loss?|work=Harvard Health|accessdate=2018-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Ha kwukwara na echiche nke ịgbanwe ọnụego metabolism nke mmadụ nọ n'okpuru arụmụka.<ref name=":0" /> A na-ekwerekarị atụmatụ nri na magazin ahụike dị irè mana ọ nwere ike imerụ ahụ n'ezie site na ibelata iri calorie na ihe oriri dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị nke nwere ike imenye mmadụ ahụ dabere na onye ahụ ma nwedịrị ike ịchụpụ ndị mmadụ n'ibu.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Gale Encyclopedia of Senior Health|author=Long|first=Jacqueline|publisher=Gale|year=2015|isbn=978-1573027526|location=Detroit, MI}}</ref> == Mmetụta ahụike == Ibu oke ibu na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ ahụike dịkwuo ukwuu, gụnyere ọrịa shuga, ọrịa obi, ọbara mgbali elu, na ọrịa imeju na-abụghị mmanya na-aba n'anya, ịkpọ aha ole na ole. Mbelata oke ibu na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ ndị ahụ. A na-ejikọta mbelata 1-kg nke ịdị arọ nke ahụ na ihe dịka 1-mm Hg na ọbara mgbali elu.<ref name="HarshaBray2008">{{Cite journal|author=Harsha|first=D. W.|title=Weight Loss and Blood Pressure Control (Pro)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_hypertension_2008-06_51_6/page/1420|journal=Hypertension|volume=51|issue=6|year=2008|pages=1420–25|issn=0194-911X|doi=10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.094011|pmid=18474829}}</ref> A na-ejikọta mbelata ibu na mmelite arụmọrụ ọgụgụ isi na ndị buru oke ibu na ndị buru ibu.<ref name="Veronese2017">{{Cite journal|author=Veronese|first=N|title=Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews|date=January 2017|volume=72|pages=87–94|doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017|pmid=27890688|url=http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/701220/1/Veronese%20et%20al%202016%20NBBR%20weight%20loss%20and%20cognition%20accepted.pdf}}</ref> == Hụkwazie == * Anorexia * Ịṅụ sịga maka ibu * Nri * Mmega ahụ * Ibu ibu == Edensibia == <references responsive="1"></references> {{Authority control}} aftfpiya0u0oidtgud20ly8mhqli85v 0 28185 727812 721694 2026-09-25T04:05:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iku ihe n'ụlọ na Uganda''' bụ nsogbu dịka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Afrika.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sensitise Ugandans and enforce the existing laws against domestic violence|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Letters/Sensitise-Ugandans-enforce-the-existing-laws-domestic-violence/-/806314/1754528/-/10kvljyz/-/index.html|accessdate=24 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325010130/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Letters/Sensitise-Ugandans-enforce-the-existing-laws-domestic-violence/-/806314/1754528/-/10kvljyz/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfid.gov.uk/casestudies/files/africa/uganda-domestic-violence.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928184116/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/casestudies/files/africa/uganda-domestic-violence.asp|title=DFID - Case Studies - Saying "No" to domestic violence in Uganda|archivedate=28 September 2008|accessdate=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/content/african-women-and-domestic-violence|title=African women and domestic violence|work=openDemocracy|accessdate=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/africacan/domestic-violence-and-poverty-in-africa-when-the-husbands-beatin|title=Domestic Violence and Poverty in Africa: When the Husband’s Beating Stick is Like Butter|work=AfricaCan End Poverty|accessdate=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/11/07/UGA102881.E.pdf|title=RESPONSES TO INFORMATION REQUESTS (RIRs)|work=Justice.gov|format=PDF|accessdate=27 February 2017|archivedate=23 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223210158/https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/11/07/UGA102881.E.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/bulletin/Koenig0103.pdf|format=PDF|title=Domestic violence in rural Uganda: evidence from a community-based study|work=Who.int|accessdate=27 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/uganda-women-judges-voice-concern-over-domestic-violence/|title=Uganda: Women Judges Voice Concern over Domestic Violence &#124; Global Legal Monitor|work=Loc.gov|accessdate=27 February 2017}}</ref> E nwere nkwenye ọdịbendị miri emi na Uganda na ọ bụ ihe a na-anabata na ọha mmadụ ịkụ nwanyị iji dọọ ya aka ná ntị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/aug/29/domestic-violence-uganda|title='Beating your wife is a sign of love' - changing norms to end domestic abuse|first=Tanya|author=Abramsky|date=29 August 2014|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Are Women provocative|work=[[The Independent (Uganda)|Independent]]|url=http://www.independent.co.ug/features/features/2763-are-ugandan-men-violent-or-are-the-women-provocative|accessdate=2014-03-24|archive-date=2014-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325020000/http://www.independent.co.ug/features/features/2763-are-ugandan-men-violent-or-are-the-women-provocative|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ugandan domestic violence bill stalls|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/katine/2010/mar/18/uganda-domestic-violence-bill|accessdate=2014-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Domestic violence cases soar|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/644085-domestic-violence-cases-soar.html|accessdate=2014-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Uganda tackles wife-beating taboo|work=[[BBC]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1881472.stm|accessdate=2014-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paa2013.princeton.edu/papers/130441|format=PDF|title=Title: Educational Attainment and Domestic Violence in Uganda|work=Paa2013.princeton.edu|accessdate=2017-02-27|archivedate=2017-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227232047/http://paa2013.princeton.edu/papers/130441}}</ref> Ịkụ nwanyị ihe na-efu akụ na ụba Uganda ọtụtụ ijeri [[Ugandan shilling|shyling]] kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1339130/uganda-loses-sh77bn-domestic-violence|title=Uganda Loses Sh77bn To Domestic Violence Cases|work=Newvision.co.ug|date=2014-03-28|accessdate=2017-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1326037/domestic-violence-affecting-quality-uganda-population|title=Domestic Violence Affecting Quality Of Uganda’s Population|work=Newvision.co.ug|date=2013-07-11|accessdate=2017-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu:181762/datastream/PDF/view|format=PDF|title=Florida State University Libraries|work=Fsu.digital.flvx.org|accessdate=2017-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acordinternational.org/silo/files/uganda-an-audit-of-legal-practice-on-sexual-violence.pdf|format=PDF|title=Making the law count|work=Acordinternational.org|accessdate=2017-02-27|archivedate=2012-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901125209/http://www.acordinternational.org/silo/files/uganda-an-audit-of-legal-practice-on-sexual-violence.pdf}}</ref> == Lekwaa == * Ụmụ nwanyị na Uganda == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} fbmje0jpao8i0kotaudzvrffb4mxvob 0 28607 727638 129969 2026-09-24T14:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Eco Creatures: Save the Forest, nke a maara dị ka '''''Ecolis''''' na Japan nakwa dị ka E Colis: Save the forest na Europe, bụ [[Egwuregwu vidiyo|egwuregwu vidio]] na-eme n'oge maka Nintendo DS video game console. Ọ bụ LightWeight na Headlock Corporation mepụtara ya ma wepụta ya na Japan na August 23, 2007 site na Interchannel; na North America na March 4, 2008 site na Majesco Entertainment; na Europe na June 13, 2008 site na Rising Star Games. Eco Creatures bụ nke World Wide Fund for Nature na-akwado. == Nkọwa == Ndị bi n’Osisi Mana biri n’udo na nkwekọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ mgbe Alaeze ahụ dị nso malitere ibibi osisi iji gbasaa Alaeze ahụ.  Dorian, dike nke egwuregwu ahụ, site n'enyemaka nke onye ndụmọdụ ya na mmụọ ọhịa, Ecomon, Ecolis, na Ecoby, na-eme ka mmetọ ahụ kwụsị ma chekwaa ọhịa ahụ.. == Egwuregwu == Ihe okike ebe obibi na-eji stylus na-achịkwa ụdị ụmụ oke atọ; Squirrel a na-akpọ Ecolis, Flying squirrel a-akpọ Ecomon, na Beaver a na- bingaka Ecoby. Àgwà ha niile dabere na agba ha, nke yiri nke Nintendo nke ''Pikmin''. Eco creatures kwadoro Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection tupu a kwụsị ọrụ ahụ na 2014. Enwekwara ọnọdụ okike, yana nkwado maka njikọ n'ịntanetị. E kwuwo na Dorian nwere ike ịkpọlite mmụọ, ma ọ bụ gbanwee ghọọ otu. == Mmepe na ntọhapụ == Eco Creatures: Save the Forest bụ nke LightWeight na Headlock Corporation mepụtara.<ref name="gamasutra">{{Cite web|author=Alexander, Leigh|date=September 10, 2007|title=Majesco Announces Eco Creatures: Save The Forest For DS|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=15428|work=[[Gamasutra]]|publisher=[[UBM plc]]|accessdate=December 31, 2013|archive-date=February 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203120054/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=15428|url-status=dead}}</ref> E chepụtara egwuregwu ahụ n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2006, ebe mmepe ya dị site na Jenụwarị ruo Ọgọst 2007.<ref name="dreamstation">{{Cite web|author=Redeema|date=March 17, 2008|title=Eco-Creatures: Save the Forest Interview with Masakazu Tagawa|url=http://www.dreamstation.cc/features/features/eco-creatures-save-the-forest-interview-with-masakazu-tagawa|publisher=DreamStation.cc|accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref> Dị ka Gui Karyo nke onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ North America Majesco Entertainment si kwuo, e mepụtara egwuregwu ahụ iji kwalite "mmata ọha na eze banyere mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na ndụ dị n'ime ya" na "inye ndị na-eto eto ihe ọmụma gburugburu ebe obibi". Onye isi ọrụ Masakazu Tagawa kwuru na otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe osise Lightweight weputara echiche egwuregwu ahụ.  Tagawa kọwara, "Osa nwere ike ịchekwa mkpụrụ n'agba ya mana ha amachaghị nke ọma n'icheta ebe o liri ha ma emesịa."  “Ya mere, ka ọgbọ na-agafe mkpụrụ ndị echefuru echefu nke squirrels e liri ga-aghọ ọgbọ na-esote osisi. "<ref name="dreamstation" /> E bipụtara Ecolis na Japan site na Interchannel na August 27, 2007. E nyere akụkụ nke ahịa egwuregwu ahụ na alaka Japan nke World Wide Fund for Nature.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Caolli, Eric|date=June 19, 2007|title=Ecolis boxart reveals WiFi and panda support|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2007/06/19/ecolis-boxart-reveals-wifi-and-panda-support/|publisher=[[AOL]]|work=[[Joystiq]]|accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe mbụ ya gasịrị, Majesco wepụtara egwuregwu ahụ maka nkesa North America n'okpuru aha Eco Creatures: Save the Forest wee wepụta ya na Machị 4, 2008.<ref name="gamasutra"/> Rising Star Games sochiri ya n'ọnwa Eprel na-esote site n'ikwe nkwa mbipụta Europe; a tọhapụrụ egwuregwu ahụ na mpaghara ahụ dị ka ''Ecolis'': Save the Forest na June 13, 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brice, Kath|date=August 4, 2008|title=Ecolis: Save the Forest announced for UK May DS release|url=http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/DS/Ecolis%3A+Save+the+Forest/news.asp?c=6353|publisher=Steel Media|work=[[Pocket Gamer]]|accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Eco Creatures: Save the Forest zutere ọtụtụ ndị na-adịghị mma. Egwuregwu ahụ nwere ngụkọta nke 58.75% na GameRankings na 55 n'ime 100 na Metacritic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eco-Creatures: Save the Forest for DS|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ds/938421-eco-creatures-save-the-forest/index.html|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|work=[[GameRankings]]|accessdate=December 31, 2013|archivedate=October 24, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024235604/http://www.gamerankings.com/ds/938421-eco-creatures-save-the-forest/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eco-Creatures: Save the Forest for DS|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/ds/eco-creatures-save-the-forest|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|work=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref> Famitsu kwuru na egwuregwu ahụ bụ 29 n'ime 40. == Ihe Ndị sochiri ya == A tọhapụrụ ihe ọzọ akpọrọ Ecolis: Aoi Umi to Ugoku Shima na Japan site na GungHo Works na Mee 28, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Spencer|date=February 9, 2009|title=Eco Creatures Sprouts a Sequel|url=http://www.siliconera.com/2009/02/09/eco-creatures-sprouts-a-sequel/|publisher=Siliconera|accessdate=December 30, 2013}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website (in Japanese) 3n6t04ryl4m2dj30wvtutlzg9qdo2m7 0 28746 727841 721791 2026-09-25T06:30:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''James Brown''' bụ onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na Northern Irish, onye sonyere na Great Britain, Ireland, na Northern Ireland. Ọ na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ ma sonye na egwuregwu Paralympic ise na egwuregwu dị iche iche. Brown nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo abụọ na 1984 Summer Paralympics na egwuregwu na ọla nchara na 2012 Summer Paralympys na ule oge ụmụ nwoke na onye na-anya ụgbọelu Damien Shaw. == Ọrụ Paralympic == Brown na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ site na ọmụmụ ma malite ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè mgbe ọ dị afọ ise ma na-agba ọsọ mgbe ọ dị shekara 13 mgbe ọ na-aga Royal National College for the Blind.<ref name="Interview">{{Cite web|author=Janicki|first=Klara|date=November 2012|title=An interview with James Brown|url=https://www.paralympicheritage.org.uk/james-brown|publisher=[[National Paralympic Heritage Trust]]|accessdate=11 October 2019|archivedate=11 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011054859/https://www.paralympicheritage.org.uk/james-brown}}</ref> N'ịgbaso ntụziaka na skiing, ọ sonyeere ndị otu British Paralympic Team maka [[1982 Disabled Alpine World Championships|1982]] Disabled Alpine World Championships. O mechara rụọ ọrụ na Royal National College for the Blind dị ka onye na-eduzi ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo, gụnyere na World Youth Games for the Disabled.<ref name="Interview" /> Na 1984 Summer Paralympics na New York City, Brown ritere ihe nrite ọla edo abụọ na egwuregwu maka Great Britain na 800-meter na 1500-meter.<ref name="BBC-2012">{{Cite news|date=5 September 2012|title=Paralympics 2012: NI cyclist James Brown takes bronze medal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/disability-sport/19494796|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref> O mechara sonye n'ọtụtụ mbipụta ndị ọzọ nke Summer na Winter Paralympics na ihe omume ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ịgba ọsọ na biathlon.<ref name="Agony">{{Cite news|author=Ringland|first=Nigel|date=1 September 2012|title=Brown suffers medal agony|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/paralympics/brown-suffers-medal-agony-28787363.html|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref> Brown mere atụmatụ ịbanye na 2008 Paralympic Games dị ka onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè, mana ọ hapụrụ egwuregwu ahụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 August 2012|title=James Brown: track - 1km time trial, 4km individual pursuit. Road - time trial, road race|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/paralympics/2012/0823/334701-james-brown/|publisher=[[RTÉ]]|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ sonyeere ndị otu Irish wee malite mmekọrịta ya na onye na-anya ụgbọelu Damien Shaw na 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Portaferry's James claims bronze at Paralympics|url=http://www.thedownrecorder.co.uk/pages/index.asp?title=Portaferry%E2%80%99s_James_claims_bronze_at_Paralympics|work=[[Down Recorder]]|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref> Na 2012 Paralympic Games, Brown na Shaw meriri ọla nchara na ule oge nke ụmụ nwoke B. Ha abụọ emechaala nke anọ na ịchụso ụmụ nwoke B na nke itoolu na ule oge 1 kilomita B.<ref name="BBC-2012"/> O mechara nọchite anya Northern Ireland na 2014 Commonwealth Games, ya na [[Dave Readle]] na ụmụ nwoke tandem sprint B na ụmụ nwoke abụọ oge ikpe B, na-emecha nke ise na ihe omume abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 July 2014|title=Readle continues remarkable journey|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/readle-continues-remarkable-journey-30456742.html|work=Belfast Telegraph|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref> Sport Ireland na Cycling Ireland machibidoro Brown iwu site na 2016 ruo 2018 maka imebi iwu mgbochi ọgwụ ọjọọ, nke ọ kwetara.<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 October 2016|title=Paralympian James Brown found guilty of doping violation|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/cycling/2016/1013/823792-paralympian-james-brown-guilty-of-doping-violation/|publisher=RTÉ|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Brown lara ezumike nká n'egwuregwu n'afọ 2015 wee sonye na Mobiloo, ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-ezube inye ụlọ mposi ndị nwere nkwarụ.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news|author=Shearman|first=Sarah|date=12 September 2019|title=Paralympian turned climate activist readies for arrest at UK airport|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-britain-heathrow/paralympian-turned-climate-activist-readies-for-arrest-at-uk-airport-idUSKCN1VX2HI|publisher=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=11 October 2019|archive-date=11 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011054856/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-britain-heathrow/paralympian-turned-climate-activist-readies-for-arrest-at-uk-airport-idUSKCN1VX2HI|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, o sonyere n'ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe nke Extinction Rebellion ma jide ya ọtụtụ ugboro maka nnupụisi obodo na-enweghị ime ihe ike; ọ kpọtụrụ nwa ya nwanyị aha maka ịkpali ọrụ mgbanwe ihu igwe ya.<ref name="Reuters" /> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, ọ rịgooro n'ụgbọelu British Airways na ọdụ ụgbọ elu London City dị ka akụkụ nke Extinction Rebellion weghaara ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 October 2019|title=Extinction Rebellion: Man climbs on top of plane in climate protest|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50000110|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Davies|first=Gareth|date=10 October 2019|title=Blind Paralympian climbs onto roof of British Airways plane in Extinction Rebellion protests at London City Airport|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/10/10/extinction-rebellion-launch-hong-kong-style-occupation-london/|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|accessdate=11 October 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010093718/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/10/10/extinction-rebellion-launch-hong-kong-style-occupation-london/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ụlọ ikpe na-esote, ọ gọnahụrụ ebubo nke ịkpata nsogbu ọha na eze ma nye ya mgbapụta nwere ọnọdụ site n'aka onye ọka ikpe distrikti nke gbochiri ya ịnọ n'ime otu (1.6 km) site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 October 2019|title=Extinction Rebellion: James Brown denies plane nuisance charge|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-50027781|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=12 October 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, mgbe e kpesịrị ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe Southwark Crown Court, a mara Brown ikpe maka ịkpata nsogbu ọha na eze. Onye ọka ikpe na-achị isi Gregory Perrins setịpụrụ ikpe ikpe maka 17 Septemba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-58001773|title=Extinction Rebellion: Paralympian James Brown guilty over plane stunt|publisher=BBC News|date=28 July 2021|accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2021, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ otu afọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 September 2021|title=Extinction Rebellion: Paralympian James Brown jailed for plane glue stunt|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-58678274|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=24 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="two_time_paralympic_gold_medallist_jailed_for_supergluing_himself_to_airplane_2021">{{Cite news|author=Lloyd|first=Owen|date=25 September 2021|title=Two-time Paralympic gold medallist jailed for supergluing himself to airplane|work=[[Inside the Games|InsideTheGames.biz]]|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1113420/james-brown-jailed-extinction-rebellion|accessdate=25 September 2021}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2022, a mara Brown ikpe maka mmebi iwu siri ike mgbe ọ rịgooro n'elu ihe na-egwu egwu High Speed 2 na Febụwarụ afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-21|title=Activists who occupied 100ft HS2 drilling rig convicted over protest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/feb/21/activists-100ft-hs2-drilling-rig-convicted-protest-paralympian-london-drinking-water|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide ==  {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 49vxqt6poxbgkim23zpygdjz3v89qgp 0 28881 727714 689521 2026-09-24T19:56:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727714 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei''' (FEEM) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụlọ ọrụ na Milan nwere ọfịs na Venice na Viggiano.<ref name="G20">{{Cite web|title=Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM)|url=https://www.g20-insights.org/think_tanks/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei-feem/|work=G20 Insights|accessdate=3 September 2022|language=en|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903140554/https://www.g20-insights.org/think_tanks/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei-feem/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''G20 Insights''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Europa">{{Cite book|author=Publications|first=Europa|title=The Europa International Foundation Directory 2022|date=21 July 2022|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-000-80066-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2J6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT542|accessdate=3 September 2022|language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPublications2022">Publications, Europa (21 July 2022). [https://books.google.com/books?id=a2J6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT542 ''The Europa International Foundation Directory 2022'']. Taylor & Francis. p.&nbsp;542. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche: Akwụkwọ Isi iyi/978-1-000-80066-1|<bdi>978-1-000-80066-1</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A na-ewere FEEM dị ka ebe nyocha mba ụwa na-eduga maka ọmụmụ nke ike na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="OTT">{{Cite web|title=Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei|url=https://onthinktanks.org/think-tank/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei/|work=On Think Tanks|accessdate=3 September 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://onthinktanks.org/think-tank/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei/ "Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei"]. ''On Think Tanks''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FEEM: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei {{!}} Policy Commons|url=https://policycommons.net/orgs/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei/|work=policycommons.net|accessdate=3 September 2022|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903151727/https://policycommons.net/orgs/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei/}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke Ntọala ahụ bụ imeziwanye nyocha nke ogo mkpebi ọha na eze na nke onwe.<ref name="Harvard">{{Cite web|title=Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei|url=https://heep.hks.harvard.edu/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei|work=Harvard Environmental Economics Program|accessdate=3 September 2022|language=en|archivedate=14 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814175835/https://heep.hks.harvard.edu/fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Harvard Environmental Economics Program''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei bụ nke ndị otu Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) na ndị ọzọ haziri, malite na 1982. Nzukọ mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere na 1987, na-esetịpụ ụkpụrụ maka ọrụ ya. A na-akpọ ya iji sọpụrụ Enrico Mattei, Onye isi ala nke Italian Republic Francesco Cossiga nabatara FEEM na June 7, 1989.<ref name="FEEM2010">{{Cite book|title=Annual Report|date=2010|publisher=FEEM|url=https://feem-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/20119191729384FEEMAR2010.pdf}}</ref> == Ịdu == Ka ọ na-erule 21 Septemba 2020, a họpụtara Alessandro Lanza dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei site na FEEM Board of Directors, na-anọchi Paolo Carnevale.<ref name="Lanza">{{Cite news|title=Alessandro Lanza new Director of Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei|url=https://www.feem.it/en/news/alessandro-lanza-new-director-of-fondazione-eni-enrico-mattei/|accessdate=3 September 2022|work=Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei|date=21 September 2020}}</ref> Onye isi oche nke ndị nduzi FEEM bụ Lucia Calvosa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our management|url=https://www.eni.com/en-IT/about-us/our-management/biographies.html/lucia-calvosa|work=Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi|accessdate=3 September 2022|language=en|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903165441/https://www.eni.com/en-IT/about-us/our-management/biographies.html/lucia-calvosa}}</ref><ref name="Governance">{{Cite web|title=Governance|url=https://www.feem.it/en/about-us/governance/|work=Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei|accessdate=3 September 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei na-eme nnyocha ma na-enye nyocha ziri ezi n'ọtụtụ okwu metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi, ike na akụ na ụba ụwa.<ref name="Europa"/><ref name="G20"/><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Borrero|first=Miguel|title=An Adaptation-Mitigation Game: Does Adaptation PromoteAn Adaptation-Mitigation Game: Does Adaptation Promote Participation in International Environmental Agreements?Participation in International Environmental Agreements?|journal=Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers|date=2021|url=https://services.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2351&context=feem|archive-date=2023-08-14|access-date=2023-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814175829/https://services.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2351&context=feem|url-status=dead}}</ref> FEEM na-arụ ọrụ na netwọk mba ụwa na nke interdisciplinary nke ndị nchọpụta na mmemme ọhụrụ, na-enye ma na-akwalite ọzụzụ na ngalaba nyocha pụrụ iche, na-agbasa nsonaazụ ọmụmụ ha site na ọwa nkwurịta okwu dị iche iche ma na-agwa ndị na-eme iwu site na itinye aka na nzukọ dị iche iche.<ref name="Europa" /><ref name="OTT"/><ref name="Harvard"/> N'afọ 2009, FEEM na Giorgio Cini Foundation guzobere International Center for Climate Governance, nke a kpọrọ Initiative on Climate Change policy and Governance (ICCG) site na 2017. ICCG dị na Venice na agwaetiti San Giorgio Maggiore. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-agbasa mba ụwa nke nyocha gbasara iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọchịchị.<ref name="Carraro">{{Cite book|author=Carraro|first=Carlo|title=The Impacts of Climate Change in Italy|date=2017|publisher=Edizioni Ca’ Foscari|location=Venezia|isbn=978-88-6969-192-8|url=https://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/libri/978-88-6969-192-8/}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, ICCG wepụtara nke mbụ n'usoro mba ụwa nke ndị na-eche echiche na-etinye aka na nyocha na sayensị mgbanwe ihu igwe, akụ na ụba, na iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First-Ever Ranking of Climate Think Tanks|url=http://www.thinktankwatch.com/2013/06/first-ever-ranking-of-climate-think.html|work=Think Tank Watch|language=en}}</ref> N'etiti ọrụ ndị ọzọ, n'ọnwa Eprel 2019 FEEM na-arụkọ ọrụ na Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) iji kpọkọta otu ndị ọkachamara zuru ụwa ọnụ na teknụzụ decarbonization, nke mere ka akụkọ The Roadmap to 2050: A Manual for Countries to Decarbonize by Mid-Century.<ref name="Roadmap">{{Cite web|title=Roadmap to 2050 Report|url=https://roadmap2050.report/|work=Roadmap to 2050|accessdate=3 September 2022|language=en}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.feem.it/ Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei] Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị (nakwa n'asụsụ [https://www.feem.it/en/ Bekee]) * [https://services.bepress.com/feem/index.12.html Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Akwụkwọ Ọrụ], BE Press == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} cnovmuqlagmdzmog3238exctcwm761w 0 28983 727828 117989 2026-09-25T05:12:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isiokwu 40''' bụ akụkụ nke United States Usoro nke Iwu Federal. Isiokwu 40 naahazi ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke US gburugburu ebe obibi Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa (EPA) wepụtara, dabere na ndokwa nke iwu United States (iwu nke US Federal Code). Enwere ike imelite akụkụ nke iwu ahụ kwa afọ na July 1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/search/40cfr.html |title=US EPA - Links to CFR Title 40 |access-date=2023-08-16 |archive-date=2011-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211230404/http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/search/40cfr.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Isi nke Mbụ - Ụlọ Ọrụ Naahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi == * Isi nke A - Izugbe (Nkeji 1 - 29) Isi nke B - Enyemaka na Enyemaka Federal Ndị Ọzọ (Nkeji 30 - 49) Isi nke C - Mmemme ikuku (Nkeji 50 - 97) (Iwu ikuku dị ọcha) Ụkpụrụ Ọdịmma ikuku nke Mba (NAAQS) Criteria mmetọ ikuku Ihe achọrọ maka nkwadebe, nnabata na ntinye nke atụmatụ mmejuputa Nkwado na ịkpọsa atụmatụ mmejuputa Ntụtụ aka nleba anya ikuku nke ihu igwe na ụzọ ndị dabara adaba Mara ọkwa mbụ nke uwe ụmụ amaala Iwu ikuku ikuku Continental Shelf Nkwekọrịta mpaghara Iwu smelter nke isi anaghị adị Nchekwa ịdịmma ikuku Ambient Ụkpụrụ Mgbapụta Ngwakọta Ngwakọta Mba Naadịghị agbanwe agbanwe maka Ngwaahịa na Azụmaahịa Ụkpụrụ nke ịrụ ọrụ maka isi mmalite ọdụ ọhụrụ (NSPS) Ụkpụrụ Mgbapụta Mba Maka Mmetọ ikuku Dị ize ndụ (NESHAP) Nkwanye na ịkpọsa atụmatụ steeti maka ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ihe mmetọ ahapụtara Nlebanya nkwenye nnabata Iwu Federal Ikuku agwakọtara Ntụle na nchịkọta nke ntaramahụhụ anabataghị nke EPA Nkwanye EPA nke Mmemme nraranye nke steeti Ihe mgbochi mgbochi ihe mberede kemịkalụ Mwepu Pụrụ Iche Site na Ihe achọrọ nke Iwu Ikuku Dị Ọcha Mmemme ikike ịrụ ọrụ steeti Mmemme ikike ọrụ Federal Iwu ikike Sistemụ nnabata sulfur dioxide Nhọrọ nke Sulfur Dioxide Nlebanya naekupụta ọkụ naaga n'ihu Mmemme Mbelata Ntọhapụ Acid Mmiri Mmiri Nitrogen Oxides Mfefe gafere Usoro ịrịọ arịrịọ Ndebanye aha mmanụ ụgbọala na ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ Iwu nke mmanụ ọkụ na ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ Nhazi nke mpaghara maka ebumnuche atụmatụ ịdị mma ikuku Nchedo nke Stratospheric Ozone Amụma Nhọrọ Ọhụrụ Dị Mkpa (SNAP) Njikwa mmetọ ikuku sitere na isi mmalite ekwentị Ijikwa ihe naesi nụgbọ ala awara awara ọhụrụ na nke eji eme ihe Njikwa mmetọ ikuku sitere na ụgbọ elu na ụgbọ elu Ụgbọ ala dị ọcha Njikwa nke ihe ndị sitere na igwe mkpakọ naadịghị nokporo ụzọ naeji ọhụrụ Ijikwa ihe naesi na igwe naagbanye ọkụ naadịghị nokporo ụzọ na ma ọ bụ nokpuru 19 Kilowatts Njikwa nke Mgbapụta sitere na Igwe Spark-Ignition Engines Ijikwa mmetọ ikuku sitere na igwe locomotives na locomotive Naekpebi ndakọrịta nke mmemme gọọmentị etiti na atụmatụ mmejuputa steeti ma ọ bụ Federal Njikwa nke ihe ndị sitere na igwe mkpakọ mmirimgbanye ọkụ Akwụkwọ ikike ikike ikike Mmemme ịzụ ahịa mmefu ego NOx yana CAIR NOx na mmemme ịzụ ahịa SO2 maka atụmatụ mmejuputa steeti. Mmemme ịzụ ahịa mmefu ego Federal NOx yana CAIR NOx na mmemme ịzụ ahịa SO2 Isi nke D - Mmemme mmiri (akụkụ 100 - 149) ** Iwu mmiri dị ọcha Ntị Ọha na Ụkpụrụ Ntọhapụ maka Mmetọ Naegbu egbu Ngosipụta nnabata nokpuru iwu mmiri dị ọcha Ntị Nchedo Ndị Ọrụ Usoro maka atụmatụ mwepu mmanụ na steeti, mpaghara na mpaghara Mwụfu mmanụ Mgbochi mmetọ mmanụ Oke ikike maka obere ihe nchekwa dị nụsọ osimiri Nhazi nke ihe ndị dị ize ndụ Mkpebi nke ọnụọgụgụ enwere ike ịkọ maka ihe dị ize ndụ Asambodo steeti nke ihe omume chọrọ ikikere ma ọ bụ ikike gọọmentị etiti Mmemme ikike nke EPA naelekọta: Sistemụ mkpochapụ mmetọ nke mba Ihe achọrọ mmemme steeti Usoro maka ime mkpebi Ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ maka Sistemụ Mwepụ Mwepu Mmetọ Mba Ụkpụrụ Mpụpụ Naemetọ Ihe Naegbu egbu Atụmatụ na njikwa ogo mmiri Ụkpụrụ Ogo Mmiri Ntuziaka Ogo mmiri maka Sistemụ Ọdọ Mmiri Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke abụọ Mara ọkwa mbụ nke uwe ụmụ amaala Ntuziaka naeguzobe usoro ule maka nyocha nke mmetọ Standardkpụrụ ngwaọrụ ịdị ọcha nke mmiri Iwu Ịṅụ Ọgwụ Nchekwa Usoro iwu mmiri ọñụụ mbụ nke mba Mmejuputa iwu mmiri ọñụụ mbụ nke mba Iwu mmiri ọṅụṅụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke mba Mmemme njikwa ịgba ọgwụ n'okpuru ala (UIC). Ihe ndị chọrọ mmemme UIC steeti Mmemme nchịkwa ịgba ọgwụ nokpuru ala: Ikikere na ụkpụrụ Mmemme nchịkwa ịgba ọgwụ nokpuru ala steeti Mmachi ịgbanye ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ Naanị Isi Iyi Aquifers Ụkpụrụ na oke mmiri ọṅụṅụ naemerụ emerụ (microorganisms, virus, turbidity, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, disinfectants and disinfection byproducts, radionuclides) Isi nke E - Mmemme igbu egbu egbu (akụkụ 150 - 180) ** Ụkpụrụ nchekwa na mmanye ndị ọrụ site na nchekwa nchekwa na ahụike ọrụ Nkwenye na ewepu site na nnabata maka kemịkalụ pesticide na nri Usoro ndebanye ọgwụ pesticide na nhazi ọkwa Edebere ọgwụ mgbochi maka ojiji amachibidoro Ụkpụrụ maka asambodo nke ndị naachọ ọrụ azụmahịa na nke onwe Isi nke F - Mmemme Nchekwa Radiation (Nkeji 190 - 197) Ụkpụrụ nchebe radieshon gburugburu maka ọrụ ike nuklia Nlekọta na mkpofu mmanụ ọkụ nuklia emefuru, ihe mkpofu redioactive dị elu yana transuranic Ụkpụrụ nchebe maka uranium na ọdụ igwe ihe igwe thorium Mmemme Radon Isi nke G - Mmemme Mmebi mkpọtụ (akụkụ 201 - 211) Ụkpụrụ mkpochapụ mkpọtụ maka akụrụngwa ụgbọ njem Ndenye ụda mkpọtụ ngwaahịa Isi nke H - Mkpofu oke osimiri (Nkeji 220 - 238) dabere na Iwu Mgbochi oke osimiri. mkpofu oke osimiri, dredge na usoro ntinye akwụkwọ ikike Isi nke I - Mkpofu siri ike (Nkeji 239 - 282) dabere na Iwu Nchekwa na Iweghachite akụrụngwa (RCRA) Ntuziaka maka nhazi okpomọkụ (ọkụ) nke ihe mkpofu siri ike Ntuziaka maka nchekwa na nchịkọta nke mkpofu siri ike obibi, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ Ụkpụrụ maka nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ mkpofu ahịhịa siri ike na omume Usoro maka mkpofu ahịhịa siri ike nke ime obodo Nchọpụta na ndepụta nke ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ Ụkpụrụ nka na ụzụ na ihe ndozi chọrọ maka ndị nwe na ndị naarụ ọrụ nke tankị nchekwa ala (UST) Isi nke J - Superfund (Ngalaba 300 - 374) dabere na atụmatụ ihe mberede na iwu ikike ịma obodo (EPCR) Nhazi ihe ndị dị ize ndụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ a naakọ na ọkwa Akụkọ kemịkalụ dị ize ndụ: ikike ịma obodo Nkwupụta mwepụta kemịkalụ naegbu egbu: ikike ịma obodo Isi nke N-Ntuziaka na Ọkọlọtọ Ọdịmma (Nkeji 400 - 471) (Iwu mmiri dị ọcha) Iwu pretreatment izugbe maka isi mmalite mmetọ dị adị na nke ọhụrụ Otu isi mmalite: Nhazi ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi Igwe igwe ọka Mkpọ ma chekwaa mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri nhazi Mkpọ ma chekwaa nhazi nri mmiri Nhazi shuga Igwe ihe eji akwa akwa Imepụta ciment Arụ ọrụ nri anụmanụ gbadoro anya (CAFO) Electrorating Ngwakọta kemịkalụ, plastik, na eriri sịntetik (OCPSF) Inorganic chemicals nichepụta Ncha na ncha ncha Imepụta fatịlaịza Nnụcha mmanụ ala Ígwè na ígwè nrụpụta Nrụpụta ọla anaghị agbapụta (smelters) Ngwakọta phosphate Steam ọkụ eletrik naemepụta Ferroalloy nrụpụta Akpụkpọ anụ na imecha Nichepụta iko Nichepụta asbestos Nichepụta roba Nhazi ngwaahịa osisi Pulp, mpempe akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ Anụ na anụ ọkụkọ ngwaahịa Metal agwụcha Ngwuputa kol Mwepu mmanụ na gas Ngwuputa mineral na nhazi Ngwọta mkpofu netiti etiti Ngwa igwe na igwe Nichepụta ọgwụ Ngwuputa ọla na mgbakwasa (Ngwuputa nkume siri ike) Ụlọ ọrụ eze Ụgbọ njem ihicha Ihe mgbochi na ihe mkpuchi ụlọ (Tars na asphalt) Ihe mkpofu combustors == Isi nke anọ - Ụlọ Ọrụ Naahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi == (Nkebi nke 1400) == Isi nke V - Kansụl Banyere Ịdị Mma Gburugburu Ebe Obibi == * Iwu Iwu Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba naetinye ụkpụrụ nọrụ (Akụkụ 1500 ruo 1509)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/chapter-V|title=40 CFR Chapter V - COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY}}</ref> (Akụkụ 1510 - 1518) == Isi nke isii - Kọmitii Nchebe na Ihe ize ndụ == == Isi nke asaa - Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ngalaba Nchebe; Uniform National Discharge Standards for Armed Forces == == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} iz862yynzl8qalb4a5lsfv0qjftbjo8 0 29065 727615 697856 2026-09-24T13:01:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727615 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Choose_WaterSense_(13587197363).jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi EPA na-akpọsa ngwaahịa WaterSense]] WaterSense bụ mmemme nke US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kwadoro, nke e mere iji gbaa '''mmiri''' ume na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] site na iji akara pụrụ iche na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa. Ebumnuche nke mmemme a bụ ichebe ọdịnihu nke mmiri US. WaterSense naejikọ aka na ndị isi ọrụ, ndị naemepụta ihe na ndị naere ahịa na United States. WaterSense bụ nke afọ ofufo, kama ịbụ usoro nchịkwa. EPA naemepụta nkọwa maka ngwaahịa ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma - ihe ndị naadịghị agafe agafe - site na usoro ọha na eze. Ọ bụrụ na onye na-emepụta ihe emeela ngwaahịa nke naagbaso nkọwa ndị ahụ, ngwaahịa ahụ ruru eru maka nnwale nke atọ iji hụ na arụ ọrụ na arụmọrụ a mezuru. Ọ bụrụ na ngwaahịa ahụ gafere ule ahụ, a naakwụ onye nrụpụta ahụ ụgwọ site na ikike itinye akara WaterSense na ngwaahịa ahụ.<ref>EPA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214185644/https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/about_us/product_certification_labeling.html "WaterSense: Product Certification and Labeling."] Revised 2011-04-14.</ref> == Ihe ndị mere noge gara aga == WaterSense, nke e guzobere na 2006, bụ mmemme afọ ofufo nke EPA kwadoro dị ka ihe sitere na Iwu Iwu na Nchekwa Ike (nke a makwaara dị ka Iwu Iwu Ike, ma ọ bụ EPACT92), nke United States Congress kwadoro na 1992. Omume ahụ bụ nzaghachi nye 42 U.S.C. §6295 (j) - (k), nke naekwu maka nchekwa mmiri na United States.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Moore|first=Keara B.|date=December 4, 2017|title=WaterSense®: Water-Efficiency Label and Partnership Program|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10787|journal=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> EPACT92 nyere iwu ka ụkpụrụ arụmọrụ ọhụrụ dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ maka ụlọ mposi, isi ịsa ahụ na olulu mmiri dị ka ndị a: a ghaghị imepụta ụlọ mposi na ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke 1.6 gallons kwa flush (gpf); a ghaghị imewe isi ịsa mmiri na ọnụego naagafe 2.5 gallons kwa nkeji (gpm) na 80 pound-ike kwa square inch (psi); a ghaghịkwa imepụta olulu mmiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ naagafughị 2.5 gpm.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=DeOreo|first=William B.|date=July 2020|title=The Truth About Water Efficiency in the United States|journal=Journal - American Water Works Association|volume=112|issue=7|pages=60–65|doi=10.1002/awwa.1537}}</ref> A chọrọ ka ụkpụrụ ndị a malite na Jenụwarị 1994, tinyere ihe achọrọ maka akara na aro maka ịmepụta mmemme mgbanwe afọ ofufo.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vickers|first=Amy|date=August 1993|title=The Energy Policy Act: Assessing Its Impact on Utilities|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-water-works-association-journal_1993-08_85_8/page/56|journal=Journal - American Water Works Association|volume=85|issue=8|pages=56–62|doi=10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb06041.x}}</ref> Nịzaghachi aro ndị a, na nịtụ anya mmetụta yiri nke mmemme Energy Star nyere (na mmiri karịa ike), EPA malitere WaterSense na 2006. E mere akara WaterSense ka ọ bụrụ nke afọ ofufo, ndị naemepụta ya naachọ, ma chọọ ka ihe ndị naetinye mmiri jiri ọ dịkarịa ala 20% naerughị ụkpụrụ gọọmentị etiti dịka EPACT92 guzobere.<ref name=":0" /> Niji ụkpụrụ arụmọrụ nke EPACT92 guzobere dị ka ihe ndabere, EPA guzobere ntuziaka ndị naesonụ maka WaterSense: a ghaghị imepụta ụlọ mposi na ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke 1.28 gpf; ụlọ ịsa ahụ gaenwerịrị ọnụego kachasị elu nke 2.0 gpm na 80 psi; a ghaghịkwa imepụta paucets ụlọ ịsa ahụ́ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke 1.5 gpm.<ref name=":1" /> Ụlọ mposi naadịchaghị mma bụ ngwaahịa mbụ natara akara WaterSense na 2007, nke a naesote paịpụ mmiri nọnwa Ọktoba nke otu afọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Grumbles|first=Benjamin H.|date=May 2008|title=WaterSense® Makes Good Sense|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-water-works-association-journal_2008-05_100_5/page/n35|journal=Journal - American Water Works Association|volume=100|issue=5|pages=34–36|doi=10.1002/j.1551-8833.2008.tb09619.x}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke mmemme a bụ ịkụziri ndị naazụ ahịa banyere nchekwa mmiri na ịkwalite akara WaterSense. E mere mmemme ahụ na mbụ iji kwalite ngwaahịa ndị ahịa (ya bụ, ihe ndị naadịchaghị mmiri). Otú ọ dị, mmemme ahụ agbasawo na asambodo nke ụlọ na ikikere nke ndị ọkachamara naagba mmiri.<ref name=":0" /> EPA wepụtara nkọwapụta edepụtara edepụtara maka ndị naahụ maka ịgba mmiri n'ala na Jenụwarị 2011.<ref name=":2">EPA (2011). [http://www.epa.gov/watersense/partners/controltech.html "Revised Draft Specification for Weather-Based Irrigation Controllers."]</ref> Nkọwapụta maka valvụ spray tupu a naaṅụ mmiri na ihe naeme ka mmiri dị nro malitere mmepe site na 2011.<ref name=":3">EPA (2011). [http://www.epa.gov/watersense/products/prsv.html "Pre-Rinse Spray Valves."]</ref><ref name=":4">EPA (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214185813/https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/watersofteners.html "Cation Exchange Water Softeners."]</ref> Na June 2014, WaterSense malitere asambodo nke ụlọ, nke e mere iji 20% obere mmiri karịa ụlọ ọhụrụ, yana ikikere nke ndị ọkachamara naagba mmiri maka nrụnye, mmezi, imewe na nyocha nke usoro.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|author=Humphreys|first=Elena H.|date=June 25, 2020|title=WaterSense® Program: Congressional Authorization|work=Congressional Research Service|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11128|accessdate=December 14, 2020}}</ref> Enweghị ụkpụrụ gọọmentị etiti maka ngwá ọrụ ịgba mmiri na US, yabụ EPA naeji ntinye aka nke usoro arụmọrụ iji guzobe ntọala na ntuziaka dabere na olu. Usoro asambodo ụlọ, nke a naakpọ WaterSense "New Home Specification", naakọwapụta ụkpụrụ maka iji mmiri eme ihe nime ụlọ na nèzí, yana agụmakwụkwọ onye nwe ụlọ.<ref name=":0" /> Version 2.0 nke "WaterSense Specification for Homes" nwere ike ile anya [https://www.epa.gov/watersense/homes-specification ebe a].<ref>{{Cite web|author=US EPA|first=OW|date=2021-02-08|title=WaterSense Specification for Homes|url=https://www.epa.gov/watersense/homes-specification|work=US EPA|language=en}}</ref> Netiti afọ 2006 na 2020, EPA atụwo anya na mmemme nchekwa mmiri ya echekwara ihe dịka ijeri galọn mmiri 5.3 na ijeri kilowatt awa 603 nke ọkụ eletrik site na ike achọrọ iji kesaa ma jikwaa mmiri.<ref name=":5" /> Ọ bụ ezie na EPACT92 bụ ihe naakpali atụmatụ a, mmemme WaterSense naarụ ọrụ ugbu a nokpuru ọtụtụ ndị isi omebe iwu, dị ka Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha na Iwu Mmiri Ịṅụ Dị Ọcha.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Nafọ 2016, Nzukọ nke 114 wepụtara ọtụtụ aro iji gbasaa WaterSense, mana enweghị nkwekọrịta.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Copeland|first=Claudia|date=December 15, 2016|title=Water Use Efficiency Legislation in the 114th Congress|work=Congressional Research Service|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44482|accessdate=December 16, 2020}}</ref> Nafọ 2018, Nzukọ nke 115 mere mgbanwe na mmemme ahụ na ngalaba 4306 nke America's Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) nke 2018.<ref name=":5" /> EPA enweghị ikike iwu nelu WaterSense ma ọ bụ nkọwa ya ruo mgbe ewepụtara AWIA. Akụkụ 4306 nke AWIA naenye iwu na nkọwapụta ndị a "kwesịrị belata ojiji mmiri, belata nrụgide na usoro mmiri, chekwaa ike, ma chekwaa ihe onwunwe mmiri".<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|author=Humphreys|first=Elena H.|date=March 28, 2019|title=America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-270): Drinking Water Provisions|work=Congressional Research Service|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45656|accessdate=December 15, 2020}}</ref> AWIA ugbu a chọrọ ka EPA mee ka nkọwa ndị a, ọ bụ ezie na mmemme ahụ ka bụ nke afọ ofufo, na imelite ha kwa afọ isii. Na mgbakwunye na usoro mmemme ahụ dị na mbụ, Iwu ahụ naagbakwa ume ka EPA gbasaa mmemme ahụ karịa nchekwa mmiri iji kwalite teknụzụ maka ọgwụgwọ, iji ya mee ihe ọzọ na iji mmiri naabụghị mmiri ọṅụṅụ.<ref name=":6" /> == Nkọwapụta Ngwaahịa na Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Save_Energy,_Save_Money_(15812223659).jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi na-akwalite isi mmiri WaterSense]] Ngwaahịa ndị naazụ ahịa, dị ka ụlọ mposi obibi na nke azụmahịa; olulu ịsa ahụ (na ihe ndị ọzọ); urinals; showerheads; ndị naachịkwa ịgba mmiri; na ndị naagba mmiri ruru eru ịnata akara WaterSense.<ref name=":5" /> Ihe owuwu ọhụrụ nke ebe obibi nwekwara ike ịnata asambodo WaterSense "Homes Specification" na ndị ọkachamara naagba mmiri bụ ndị nwetara ọzụzụ sit na mmemme asambodo Water Sense nwere ike ịnata ikikere.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=US EPA|first=OW|date=2017-01-16|title=Professional Certification|url=https://www.epa.gov/watersense/professional-certification-0|accessdate=2020-12-17|work=US EPA|language=en}}</ref> Ngwaahịa ndị naachọ akara WaterSense gaabụ: * Binye usoro nyocha mbụ site naka ndị ọrụ WaterSense; * Mee ka ọ dịkarịa ala 20% dị irè karị, naenweghị ọdịiche ọ bụla (ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ha); * Nwere ikike maka mmetụta mba (nke a hụrụ nanya karịa ngwaahịa ndị dị na mpaghara); * A naenyocha ya maka ịdị mfe nke ntinye site n'aka ndị naazụ ahịa, yana ọnụ ahịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tanner|first=Stephanie|date=February 2009|title=Current Issue: How Does WaterSense® Select Products for Specification Development?|journal=Journal - American Water Works Association|volume=101|pages=37–39|doi=10.1002/j.1551-8833.2009.tb09827.x}}</ref> * Gbanwee usoro asambodo nke atọ nke onye nrụpụta kwụrụ ụgwọ.<ref name=":0" /> Rịba ama: Ngwaahịa anaghị achọ recertification, mana 15% nke ngwaahịa niile a naakpọ aha naenyocha kwa afọ site na EPA.<ref name=":5" /> Ụlọ ndị naachọ asambodo gaabụrịrị na ọ dịkarịa ala pasent 30 karịa ụlọ ọhụrụ nkịtị ma naemezu atụmanya ndị nwe ụlọ maka ịrụ ọrụ.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|author=EPA|first=US|date=2021-02-01|title=WaterSense Specification for Homes|url=https://www.epa.gov/watersense/homes-specification|accessdate=May 10, 2022|work=United States Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> EPA naachịkwa ihe agụmakwụkwọ na ule iji nye ndị ọkachamara naagba mmiri ohere inweta ikike WaterSense. A ghaghị imezigharị ule ọ bụla afọ abụọ iji nọgide naenweta ego.<ref name=":7" /> == Njikọ == EPA naanakọta ndị mmekọ nọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere: * Ọrụ, obodo, gọọmentị steeti na nke ime obodo * Ndị naemepụta ya * Ndị naere ahịa na ndị naekesa * Ndị naewu ụlọ * Nzukọ ndị naenye mmemme asambodo ruru eru * Òtù ndị naenweghị uru na òtù azụmahịa.<ref name=":10">EPA. [http://www.epa.gov/watersense/partners "WaterSense Partners."] Revised 2022-05-10.</ref> Ọrụ ndị mmekọ gụnyere: * Ịkwalite WaterSense yana ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma * Ịgbaso ntuziaka akara onye mmekọ WaterSense * Inye data kwa afọ * Inye ikike EPA iji aha onye mmekọ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Agency ma ọ bụ nakụkụ mgbalị nkwalite mmemme ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":10"/> WaterSense naejikwa ndị mmekọ nkwalite naakwado ma naakpọsa mmemme ahụ netiti [[wiktionary:constituent|ndị]] naakwado ha. Ndị mmekọ nkwalite gụnyere utilities, gọọmentị steeti na nke ime obodo, òtù azụmahịa, na òtù ndị ọzọ naabụghị gọọmentị. == Ịkọwa Mmetụta == EPA chọrọ ka ndị naemepụta ihe na ndị naere ahịa / ndị naekesa ihe niile nye data gbasara nkesa ha na ọrụ ha gbasara mbupu ngwaahịa WaterSense, ahịa na mgbasa ozi. Lawrence Berkeley National Library (LBNL) naeji data a mepụta ihe nlereanya National Water Savings (NWS) iji soro nchekwa mmiri na ike. Dabere na ihe nlereanya a, ndị naazụ ahịa echekwara 1.5 puku lita mmiri na ijeri $ 32.6 na ụgwọ ọrụ.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|author=Schein|first=Jonah|date=2019|title=Methodology for the National Water Savings Models– Indoor Residential and Commercial/Institutional Products, and Outdoor Residential Products|journal=Water Science & Technology|volume=19|issue=3|pages=879–890|doi=10.2166/ws.2018.136|pmid=33414698}}</ref> LBNL jiri data a mepụta ihe nlereanya arithmetic iji tụọ mmetụta WaterSense nwere na nchekwa mmiri na United States. Ihe nlereanya ahụ bụ ọdịiche dị netiti usoro arụmọrụ nke gọọmentị etiti nyere iwu maka ihe ndị natinye mmiri na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ndị a naakpọ WaterSense nke a naere kwa afọ. Ihe nlereanya a bụkwa ihe naahụ maka ịchọpụta mmetụta ego nke nchekwa mmiri maka ndị naazụ ahịa US.<ref name=":9" /> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8z1pgvnnrpjjexl49s4s5j22y5saifc 0 29127 727630 706107 2026-09-24T13:54:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebe a naekpofu ahịhịa Ringwood Mines''' bụ ebe a naegwupụta ígwè nke dị na 500-acre nke dị na mpaghara Ringwood, New Jersey. E ji ya mee ihe na ngwụcha afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970 site na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ Ford Motor Company dị na Mahwah dị nso, New Jersey maka ikpofu ihe mkpofu, ụlọ ọrụ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chọpụtara ya maka ndepụta Superfund ya na 1984 maka nhicha ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ. EPA hichapụrụ saịtị ahụ site na ndepụta Superfund na 1994 mana mgbe e mesịrị depụtaghachi saịtị ahụ ọtụtụ ugboro nihi mmezi gburugburu ebe obibi dara.<ref name="epa1" /><ref name="epa1">{{Cite web|title=Site Description|url=http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0200663c.pdf|work=Ringwood Mines/Landfill|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|accessdate=2011-09-02|archive-date=2011-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601015749/http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/0200663c.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> E weghachiri akụkụ nke ebe a naekpofu ahịhịa dị ka ala eji eme ụlọ dị ọnụ ala maka ndị Ramapough nafọ ndị 1970, ọ bụ ezie na ala ahụ emetọla. EPA chọtara akpa ndị ọzọ nke ágbá na 1995, 1998 na 2004; ọ gwara Ford ka ọ nụchaa ihe ọzọ.<ref name="epa1"/> Nafọ 2005, Bergen Record mere usoro nyocha nke ise, Toxic Legacy, na saịtị ahụ wee chọta mmetọ dị ukwuu na obodo obibi dị nso.<ref name="toxic1">{{Cite web|author=Barry|first=Jan|title=Overview|url=http://toxiclegacy.northjersey.com/|work=Toxic Legacy|publisher=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|accessdate=2011-09-02|archivedate=2011-09-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903050525/http://toxiclegacy.northjersey.com/}}</ref> EPA kwenyesiri ike na mpaghara ahụ emetọla [[Ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ|ihe mkpofu]] ụlọ ọrụ na ihe ndị dị ize ndụ ma tinye ebe ahụ na ndepụta Superfund na 2006. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmiri maka nde mmadụ 2.5 na New Jersey.<ref name="layton">{{Cite news|author=Layton|first=Mary Jo|title=No end in sight for Ford cleanup in Ringwood|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/environment/121210ringwoodrevisited.html?page=all|accessdate=2011-09-02|work=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|date=December 12, 2010}}</ref> Akụkụ nke ebe 500-acre gbasaa nime Ringwood State Park, dịka Ford nyere ala ise nke ebe mbụ Peters Mine Pit na steeti ahụ, nke tinyere ya nime ogige ahụ.<ref name="oneill">{{Cite news|author=O'Neill|first=James|title=Ford says it wants a piece of Ringwood State Park|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/environment/65000_people_sign_petition_calling_on_feds_to_order_Ford_to_clean_up_Ringwood_State_Park_.html|accessdate=2011-09-02|work=NorthJersey.com|date=August 18, 2011}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule nafọ 2011, ewepụla tọn 47,000 ọzọ nke ala emetọ site na saịtị ahụ, okpukpu ise karịa ka ewepụrụ nokpuru nhicha mbụ na 1980s na 1990s.<ref name="layton" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Nakụkọ ihe mere eme, a naeji mpaghara Ringwood Mines eme ihe maka nchọpụta ígwè, na mpaghara ugwu dịpụrụ adịpụ gụnyere ebe a naegwupụta ihe na oghere, ebe a naebe a naekpofu ihe na ebe a na - ekpofu ihe. Nime ngwụcha afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970, ụlọ ọrụ Ford Motor Company jiri ebe 500-acre mee ihe maka iwepụ ihe mkpofu na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ naemepụta na ụlọ ọrụ Mahwah Assembly, noge ahụ ụlọ ọrụ nhazi ụgbọ ala kachasị na United States.<ref name="layton"/><ref name="epa2">{{Cite web|title=Ringwood Mines/Landfill Site|url=http://www.epa.gov/region2/superfund/npl/ringwood/|work=Region 2 Superfund|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|accessdate=2011-09-02|archive-date=2012-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707183853/http://www.epa.gov/region2/superfund/npl/ringwood/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ervolino">{{Cite news|author=Ervolino|first=Bill|title=Mahwah's Ford assembly plant gone but not forgotten|url=http://www.northjersey.com/community/99188179_Mahwah_s_Ford_assembly_plant_gone_but_not_forgotten.html|accessdate=2011-09-02|work=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|date=July 25, 2010}}</ref> Ka ọ naerule oge mmechi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1980, "ọtụtụ nde galọn" nke ágbá, nke e mere atụmatụ na ọ gaezu iji mejupụta abụọ nime atọ nke Lincoln Tunnel, a tụfuru nógbè ahụ.<ref name="toxic1"/> Ihe ndekọ nke Ford naegosi na n'oge 1967-1971 naanị, a tụfuru tọn 11,350 nke ágbá si Mahwah na Ringwood.<ref name="toxic2">{{Cite web|author=Barry|first=Jan|title=Regulators Failed|url=http://toxiclegacy.northjersey.com/|work=Toxic Legacy|publisher=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|accessdate=2011-09-02|archivedate=2011-09-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903050525/http://toxiclegacy.northjersey.com/}}</ref> Dị ka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi ka emebeghị, Ford naazọrọ na ịtụfu ahụ bụ iwu. Nagbata afọ 1955 - mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ meghere - na 1970, a naagbanye ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe "naenweghị nchịkwa" dịka iwu steeti megide mmetọ nke iyi anaghị eme ka ọ dị.<ref name="toxic1" /> Nafọ ndị 1970, Ford nyere steeti ahụ ala ise nke Peters Mine Pit, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke ihe bụ Ringwood State Park ugbu a. Mgbe 1976 na ntinye nke National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), mgbe ụlọ ọrụ naekpofu ihe ndị dị ize ndụ ghọrọ iwu gọọmentị etiti naachịkwa nke ọma, ndị American Mafia mere ihe mkpofu iwu naakwadoghị na Ringwood. Vincent "Chin" Gigante nke ezinụlọ ndị omempụ Genovese kwuru na ọ gaeyi egwu igbu onye mmegide iji nweta "ikike" iji kpochapụ ihe naacha Ford nógbè ahụ.<ref name="belton">{{Cite book|author=Belton|first=Thomas J|title=Protecting New Jersey's Environment: From Cancer Alley to the New Garden State|url=https://archive.org/details/protectingnewjer0000belt|year=2010|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=Piscataway, NJ|isbn=978-0-8135-4887-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/protectingnewjer0000belt/page/85 85]–86}}</ref> Mmekọrịta nke mpụ a haziri ahazi malitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala na 1965, dịka Louis "Fat Lou" LaRasso gburu Joseph "Joey Surprise" Feola - na iwu nke ezinụlọ ndị omempụ Gambino - maka "izu ohi" nkwekọrịta mkpofu Ford. Ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta tụfuru ihe mkpofu nebe ọ bụla ha nwere ike.<ref name="toxic1"/> Nafọ 2005, Bergen Record mechara nyocha ọnwa asatọ, nke e bipụtara dị ka usoro ise, Toxic Legacy (dị nịntanetị), na saịtị Ringwood. Ọ chọtara mmetọ dị ukwuu na obodo.<ref name="toxic1"/> EPA kwenyesiri ike na mpaghara ahụ ka naemetọ [[Ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ|ihe mkpofu]] ụlọ ọrụ na ihe ndị dị ize ndụ, mgbe e kpochapụrụ ya ugboro anọ, ma tinye ebe ahụ na ndepụta Superfund.<ref name="epa1"/> Akụkụ nke ebe 500-acre gbasaa nime Ringwood State Park.<ref name="oneill"/> Site na 2006 ruo 2011, EPA enyewo ntụziaka iwepụ tọn 47,000 ọzọ nke ala na apịtị emetọ site na saịtị ahụ, ihe karịrị okpukpu ise nke e kpochapụrụ na mgbalị mbụ.<ref name="layton"/> Nafọ 2011, Ford tụrụ aro iweghachite ebe a naegwupụta ihe na Peters, mana ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi emegidewo nke a, naechegbu onwe ha na olulu ahụ nwere ike jupụta na mmetọ. Ihe karịrị ụmụ amaala 65,000 bịanyere aka nakwụkwọ mkpesa nịntanetị naemegide atụmatụ ahụ, Ngalaba Naahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ogige Steeti kwuru na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ tụlere ịlaghachi na saịtị ahụ na Ford. Ọrụ ahụ naaga nihu na nhicha.<ref name="oneill"/> Ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi naechegbu onwe ha banyere mmetọ naabanye na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala ma naeyi egwu mmiri nke naejere nde mmadụ 2.5 ozi, otu ụzọ nụzọ anọ nke ndị bi na steeti ahụ. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ emetụtala ya nụzọ doro anya, ebe ọ bụ na Ringwood abụwo ebe ndị mmadụ bi na Ramapough Mountain Indians, ndị ụmụ ha naeji ihe osise naegwuri egwu na ihe mkpofu nke ebe a naekpofu ahịhịa. Ndị nna nna ha naarụ ọrụ nebe a naegwupụta ígwè.<ref name="toxic1"/> Nime afọ ndị a naekpofu ihe, ụfọdụ nime ndị ikom ahụ naekpochapụ ihe mkpofu, naachọ ọla kọpa na ọla ndị ọzọ bara uru maka ire ere. A tụbara ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ nime olulu na ogbunigwe; sludge agba naesi ike wee pụta dị ka mbadamba nkume nakụkụ iyi. Achọtala ọkwa nke ndu na antimony nime sludge agba dị nso na ebe obibi ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa nchekwa otu narị ugboro. Ọtụtụ ezinaụlọ emetụtala ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọrịa cancer na nsogbu ahụike sitere na mmetọ dị nso ebe obibi ha na nime mmiri dị nime ala. Nafọ 2006, ihe dị ka Ramapough 600 gbara akwụkwọ mkpesa nke ukwuu, Mann v. Ford, megide Ford Motor Company maka mkpofu. Noge ọgba aghara ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala 2008-2010, noge ọ pụtara na Ford nwere ike ịnọ nihe ize ndụ nke ịda mba, Ramapough naatụ egwu na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gaapụ na Ford mere ihe naatụ egwu ndị ahụ, na Septemba 2009 agbụrụ ahụ nakweere nhazi. nke $11 nde sitere na Ford na ndị ọrụ ya, gbakwunyere $1.5 nde sitere na obodo Ringwood, maka nkezi ugwo nke $8,000 maka onye bi na Ramapough mgbe ụgwọ onye ọka iwu. == Nnọchiteanya na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ == * E kpuchiri ikpe Ramapough megide Ford na ''Mann v''. ''Ford'', ihe ngosi nke HBO mepụtara. Nịbụ nke Maro Chermayeff na Micah Fink duziri, ọ gosipụtara Wayne Mann nke Ramapough na Vicki Gilliam nke The Cochran Firm, nke naanọchite anya agbụrụ ahụ. Ọ naekpuchi afọ ise nke agbụrụ ahụ gbasoro ikpe ahụ, yana arụmụka nihu Congress maka enyemaka na nkwụghachi ego. Ndị gbara akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ emeela mkpebi. * Toxic Legacy site na akwụkwọ akụkọ The Record, ''ihe'' ngosi nke akụkụ 5 dị nịntanetị na toxiclegacy.northjersey.com * Usoro SundanceTV The Red Road bụ akụkọ ifo nke onye uwe ojii ma tinye ọtụtụ ihe nke ọnọdụ ahụ nime akụkọ ahụ, dị ka ihe naacha odo odo na Ramapo Lenape Nation. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} 4lm2fjibukjazs5e63g99rgefp6kwd3 0 29128 727835 706875 2026-09-25T05:32:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727835 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox" style="width:28.0em" |+ class="infobox-title" id="4" style="padding-bottom:0.25em" |Resource Conservation and Recovery Act | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg|alt=Great Seal of the United States|140x140px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Other short titles | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Long title | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |An Act to provide technical and financial assistance for the development of management plans and facilities for the recovery of energy and other resources from discarded materials and for the safe disposal of discarded materials, and to regulate the management of hazardous waste. |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |[[Acronym|Acronyms]] <templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">(nkwurịta okwu)</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |RCRA |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Aha njirimara | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |Iwu Ojiji nke Ihe Mpofu Dị Ike |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Nke e mere site na | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |Nzukọ nke 94 nke United States |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Ọ bara uru | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |Ọktoba 21, 1976 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff" |Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Iwu ọha na eze | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-90/pdf/STATUTE-90-Pg2795.pdf 94-580] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |<nowiki><span class="wrap">Iwu N'Ozuzu</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff" |Nchịkọta koodu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Omume ndị e dezigharịrị | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |Iwu Nchịkọta Ihe Ndị Dị Ike nke 1965 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Utu aha ndị e dezigharịrị | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |42 U.S.C.: Ahụike ọha na eze na ọdịmma ọha na eze |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em" |Akụkụ U.S.C. mepụtara | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |42 U.S.C. ch. 82 § 6901 na ndị ọzọ. |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff" |<span class="nourlexpansion">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150511202627/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d094:SN02150:@@@R Akụkọ iwu]</span> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |<div> * Jenning[https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/senate-bill/2150 s] Randolph (D-WV) webatara ya na Senate dị ka S. [https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/senate-bill/2150 2150] na July 21, 1975 * Nnyocha kọmitii site na Kọmitii Ọrụ Ọha nke Senate; Kọmitii Ụlọ Interstate na Foreign Commerce * '''Ọ gafere Senate''' na June 30, 1976 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230422202903/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/94-1976/s977 88-3]) * Gafere ụlọ ahụ na Septemba 27, 1976 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230422183352/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/94-1976/h1235 367-8], n'ọnọdụ HR [https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/14496 14496]) na mmezigharị * Senate kwetara na House amendment na Septemba 30, 1976 (kwetara) * Onye isi ala Gerald Ford bịanyere aka n'iwu n'October 21, 1976 </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff" |Ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * ''Obodo Philadelphia v. New Jersey'', 430 U.S. 141 (1977) * ''[[Hallstrom v. Tillamook County|Hallstrom v. Ógbè Tillamook]]'', 493 U.S. 20 (1990) * ''[[Department of Energy v. Ohio|Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ike v. Ohio]]'', 503 U.S. 607 (1992) * ''[[City of Chicago v. Environmental Defense Fund|Obodo Chicago v. Ego Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi]]'', 511 U.S. 328 (1994) * ''[[Meghrig v. KFC Western, Inc.]]'', 516 U.S. 479 (1996) * ''Southern Union Co. v. United States'', 567 U.S. 343 (2012) </div> |} The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ('''RCRA'''), nke e tiri na 1976, bụ isi '''iwu''' gọọmentị etiti na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] naachịkwa ikpofu ihe mkpofu siri ike na [[ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ]]. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ebumnuche == Nzukọ omebe iwu wepụtara RCRA iji dozie nsogbu naarịwanye elu nke mba ahụ chere ihu site na ọnụ ọgụgụ naarị elu nke ihe mkpofu obodo na ụlọ ọrụ. RCRA bụ mmezigharị nke Iwu Nchịkọta Ihe Ndị Dị Ike nke 1965. Iwu ahụ setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba maka: * Ichebe [[Health|ahụike mmadụ]] na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ihe ize ndụ nke mkpofu ihe. * Nchekwa ike na ihe ndị sitere n'okike. * Mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe mkpofu a naemepụta, site na mbelata isi iyi na imegharị ihe * Idebe ụkpụrụ [[Environmental health|ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]]. * Ịhụ na [[Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu|njikwa ihe mkpofu]] nụzọ dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="EPA-RCRA History">{{Cite web|title=EPA History: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act|url=https://www.epa.gov/history/epa-history-resource-conservation-and-recovery-act|date=2018-08-08|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)}}</ref> Usoro RCRA bụ njikọ aka nke gọọmentị etiti na steeti, na US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) naenye ihe ndị dị mkpa nke steeti naanabata, gbanwee, ma mee ka ọ dị irè.<ref name=":0">Horinko, Marianne, Cathryn Courtin. [http://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/rcra.pdf “Waste Management: A Half Century of Progress.”] EPA Alumni Association. March 2016.</ref> A maara RCRA ugbu a nọtụtụ ebe maka iwu ndị e wepụtara nokpuru ya nke setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka ọgwụgwọ, nchekwa na ikpofu [[ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ]] na United States. Otú ọ dị, ọ naarụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na njikwa ihe mkpofu obodo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe yana tankị nchekwa n'okpuru ala.<ref name=":0" /> == Mmejuputa == EPA ebipụtala iwu nchịkwa ihe mkpofu, nke edepụtara na [[Isiokwu 40 nke Usoro Iwu Federal|Isiokwu 40 nke]] Code of Federal Regulations na akụkụ 239 ruo 282.<ref>Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) (1998). [https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/chapter-I/subchapter-I "40 CFR Subchapter I - SOLID WASTES ."]</ref> Iwu gbasara njikwa ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ naamalite na akụkụ 260.<ref>EPA (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150616123133/http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/laws-regs/regs-haz.htm "Hazardous Waste Regulations."]</ref> Steeti nwere ikike ịrụ ọrụ na mmemme mkpofu nke ha, nke gaabụrịrị ihe siri ike dịka ụkpụrụ gọọmentị etiti, a naenyekwa ya ọrụ ịmepụta atụmatụ mmejuputa steeti maka ijikwa mkpofu siri ike.<ref name=":0"/> Na California, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchịkwa Ihe Naegbu egbu (DTSC) bụ isi ikike naeme ka RCRA chọrọ, yana California Hazardous Waste Control Law (HWCL) nke 1972. == Ndokwa == [[Usòrò:Solid_Waste_Types.jpg|thumb|Ụdị ihe mkpofu siri ike]] === Isiokwu A: General Provisions === * Nchọpụta ndị omeiwu; Ihe mgbaru ọsọ na Iwu Mba * Nkọwa * Nkwado mba dị iche iche; itinye nọrụ Iwu na Njikọ na Ọrụ Ndị Ọzọ * Nkwupụta ego; Ozi na Ntuziaka Nchịkwa Ihe Mfu Dị Ike === Isiokwu B: Ọfịs nke Ihe Mfu Dị Ike; Ndị Nchịkwa === * Kọmitii Nhazi Ụlọ Ọrụ Naahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị Ike na Ụlọ Ọrụ * Ndị isi nke EPA Administrator * Ngalaba Nweghachi na Nchekwa Ihe onwunwe; Onyinye * Akụkọ Kwa Afọ; Ọfịs Onye Nlekọta === Isiokwu C: "Cradle to Grave" chọrọ maka ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ === O doro anya na a gụnyere ndokwa kachasị ama nke iwu RCRA na Subtitle C, nke naeduzi EPA iji guzobe njikwa na njikwa ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ site na ọgbọ ha, site na njem na ọgwụgwọ ha, nchekwa na / ma ọ bụ mkpofu ha. Nihi na RCRA chọrọ njikwa na ndị naemepụta ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ (ya bụ, ebe ndị naeme ihe mkpofu ndị dị ize ndụ), ndị naebugharị, na ọgwụgwọ, nchekwa na ebe a naekpofu ihe (ya bụ., ụlọ ọrụ naagwọ / tụfuo ma ọ bụ naemegharị ihe mkpofu ahụ dị ize ndụ). Steeti nwere ikike itinye usoro ihe mkpofu ha dị ize ndụ nọrụ.<ref name=":0"/> Iwu ahụ naetinye ihe ndekọ siri ike na akụkọ na ndị naemepụta ihe, ndị naebugharị, na ndị naọrụ ọgwụgwọ, nchekwa na ebe a naekpofu ihe naejikwa ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ. [[Usòrò:What_is_Municipal_Solid_Waste_(MSW)%3F_(13763187415).jpg|thumb|Ihe osise EPA na-akọwa ihe mkpofu siri ike nke obodo]] === Isiokwu D: Ihe mkpofu siri ike naadịghị ize ndụ === Subtitle D naenye ụkpụrụ maka [[Ebe mkpofu ahịhịa|ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa]] na ebe ndị ọzọ a naewepụ ihe mkpofu, ma machibido ebe a naemeghe. EPA bipụtara ụkpụrụ mbụ ya na 1979 maka ebe a naekpofu ahịhịa "dị ọcha" nke naenweta ihe mkpofu siri ike nke obodo. Nkọwa "ihe mkpofu siri ike" gụnyere ihe mkpofu (dịka, akpa nri, ala kọfị), ihe eji eme ihe nụlọ, ihe mkpofu sitere na taya ụgbọala ọkụ, ihe mkpuchi dị ka ihe mkpofu ígwè, ihe owuwu, na apịtị sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nhicha mmiri ọṅụṅụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Solid Waste|url=https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/web/html/|date=2016-03-29|publisher=EPA}}</ref> Subtitle D wepụkwara ụfọdụ ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ site na iwu Subtitle C, dị ka ihe mkpofu ndị dị ize ndụ sitere n'ụlọ na site na obere generators. ==== Ihe mkpofu pụrụ iche ==== Nafọ 1980, Congress họpụtara ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ dị ka "ihe mkpofu pụrụ iche," nke a naewepụghị na Subtitle C, gụnyere nchọpụta mmanụ na gas na ihe mkpofu mmepụta (dị ka nkwụsịtụ, mmiri mepụtara, na [[Mmiri a na-emepụta|mmiri]] naegwu egwu), ihe mkpofu ọkụ coal nke ụlọ ọrụ eletrik na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ mepụtara, [[Ọdụdọ|ihe mkpofu]] ala, na ájá ọkụ ciment.<ref name="EPA-Special Wastes">{{Cite web|title=Special Wastes|url=https://www.epa.gov/hw/special-wastes|date=2018-11-29|work=Hazardous Waste|publisher=EPA}}</ref> ''Lee'' Solid Waste Disposal Amendments nke 1980. === Isiokwu E: Ọrụ nke Ngalaba Azụmaahịa === * Mmepe nke nkọwa maka ihe ndị ọzọ; Mmepe nke ahịa maka ihe ndị e nwetara. * Nkwalite teknụzụ === Isiokwu F: Ọrụ gọọmentị etiti === * Mmetụta nke Federal, State na Local Law na Federal Facilities * Nchịkọta gọọmentị etiti * Njikọ na EPA; Ntinye aka nke ntuziaka mkpofu siri ike na ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi === Isiokwu G: Ndokwa ndị ọzọ === * Nchebe onye na-eme mkpesa. Ndị ọrụ nọ na United States ndị kwenyere na a chụrụ ha nọrụ ma ọ bụ mee ihe ọzọ naadịghị mma metụtara itinye iwu a nọrụ nwere ụbọchị 30 iji tinye akwụkwọ mkpesa edere na Occupational Safety and Health Administration. * Uwe ụmụ amaala; Uwe ndị naemebi ihe naabịa * Arịrịọ maka iwu; itinye aka nihu ọha === Isiokwu H: Nnyocha, Mmepe, Ngosipụta na Ozi === * Nnyocha, Ihe ngosi, Ọzụzụ; Ọmụmụ Pụrụ Iche * Nhazi, nchịkọta, mgbasa ozi === Isiokwu nke mbụ: Tanks Storage Underground === ; Ihe ndị mere noge gara aga Ọrụ nke tankị nchekwa nokpuru ala (USTs) ghọrọ ihe a naachịkwa na usoro nchịkwa RCRA site na itinye nọrụ nke Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments nke 1984 (HSWA). Noge ahụ, e nwere ihe dị ka nde tankị 2.1 nokpuru iwu gọọmentị etiti, na mmemme EPA dugara na mmechi na iwepụ ọtụtụ tankị ndị naadịghị mma.<ref>EPA (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150829065328/http://www.epa.gov/oust/overview.htm "Overview Of The Federal UST Program."]</ref> Ka ọ naerule afọ 2009, e nwere ihe dịka 600,000 USTs naarụ ọrụ na 223,000 saịtị ndị nọ nokpuru iwu gọọmentị etiti.<ref name="EPA UST 2009">EPA (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100402055402/http://www.epa.gov/oust/pubs/fy09_annual_ust_report_3-10.pdf "FY 2009 Annual Report On The Underground Storage Tank Program."] Document no. EPA-510-R-10-001.</ref> ; Ihe ndị a chọrọ niwu Iwu UST nke gọọmentị etiti naekpuchi tankị naechekwa mmanụ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ize ndụ edepụtara, ma kọwaa ụdị tankị enyere ikike. EPA guzobere usoro ọkwa tankị iji soro ọnọdụ UST. Usoro nchịkwa UST naachịkwa site na ụlọ ọrụ steeti na US.<ref name="Learn about UST">{{Cite web|title=Learn About Underground Storage Tanks|url=https://www.epa.gov/ust/learn-about-underground-storage-tanks-usts|date=2017-04-11|publisher=EPA}}</ref> Iwu ndị ahụ setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka: * Nlekọta mmiri nokpuru ala * Mgbochi nke Abụọ * Nchọpụta ntọhapụ, mgbochi na idozi * Mgbochi nke nsị * Mgbochi mgbochi (maka ngwaahịa mmanụ) * Mmachibido iwu maka mkpofu ala nke ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ a naapụghị idozi edozi. Iwu Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act nke 1986 (SARA) chọrọ ka ndị nwe na ndị naarụ ọrụ nke USTs hụ na emechara ọrụ mgbazi mgbe tankị chọrọ nrụzi, ma ọ bụ iwepụ, mgbe ọ dị mkpa iji chebe ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbanwe ndị ahụ guzobere ego ntụkwasị obi iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka nhicha nke ebe UST naagbapụta ebe a naenweghị ike ịmata ndị naahụ maka ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund|url=https://www.epa.gov/ust/leaking-underground-storage-tank-lust-trust-fund|date=2018-11-27|publisher=EPA}}</ref> A naatụkwa aro na a naeji tankị nchekwa dị nelu ala mgbe ọ bụla o kwere omume.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Supervisors' Safety Manual|url=https://archive.org/details/supervisorssafet09edunse|edition=9th|year=1997|publisher=National Safety Council|location=Itasca, IL|isbn=978-0-87912-197-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chemicals Stored in USTs: Characteristics and Leak Detection|year=1991|url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=2000TMBV.txt}}</ref> === Isiokwu J: Ihe mkpofu ahụike (ọ gwụrụ) === RCRA Subtitle J naachịkwa ihe mkpofu ahụike na steeti anọ ([[Nú Yọk|New York]], [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]], [[Kónétíkùt|Connecticut]], [[Àlá mmírí Rhode|Rhode Island]]) na Puerto Rico, ma gwụ na Machị 22, 1991. (''Lee'' Medical Waste Tracking Act.) Ụlọ ọrụ naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike naachịkwa ihe mkpofu ahụike, karịa EPA. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti ndị ọzọ ewepụtala iwu nchekwa naachịkwa njikwa ihe mkpofu ahụike, gụnyere Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, na Food and Drug Administration.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Medical Waste|url=https://www.epa.gov/rcra/medical-waste|date=2017-11-07|publisher=EPA}}</ref> == Mgbanwe na iwu ndị metụtara ya == === Mgbanwe nke Nchịkọta Ihe Ndị Dị Ike nke 1980 === Nzukọ omebe iwu wepụrụ ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mkpofu site na nhazi dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ n'okpuru Subtitle C na mmezigharị ya na 1980 na RCRA. The Solid Waste Disposal Amendments nke 1980 họpụtara ụdị ndị a dị ka "ihe mkpofu pụrụ iche" ma ghara ịdabere na ikike siri ike nke Subtitle C: * coal combustion residuals (CCR) nke ụlọ ọrụ eletrik na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ mepụtara, gụnyere ntụ naefe efe, ntụ [[Ọkụ dị n'okpuru|ala]], ihe mkpofu na ihe mkpofu nke gas desulfurization * [[Ọdụdọ|ihe mkpofu nke]] ebe a naegwupụta ihe na ebe a na - * ájá ciment * igwu mmiri, mepụta mmiri, na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ sitere na olulu mmanụ na gas.<ref name="EPA-Special Wastes"/> Iwu ndị a, nke a maara dị ka "Nkewapụ nke dị mkpa" na "Nkepụ nke Bentsen", bu nuche ka ọ bụrụ nke nwa oge, naechere nyocha nke EPA na mkpebi ndị ọzọ gbasara ma a gaekewapụta nke ọ bụla nime ụdị mkpofu ndị a dị ize ndụ. Na nyocha ya naesote mmezigharị 1980, EPA kpebiri na ọtụtụ nime ụdị mkpofu a naahapụ gaanọgide naahazi dị ka ndị naadịghị ize ndụ. ==== Iwu ==== EPA bipụtara iwu CCR na 2015 nke gaegbochi iji ọdọ mmiri ntụ naenweghị ntụ (ihe ndị dị nelu) site na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik naeji coal eme ihe. Iwu a, nke gọọmentị Trump gbanwere na 2018, ka a mara aka na ikpe ma weghachite ya na EPA maka nyocha ọzọ site na Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke United States maka District of Columbia Circuit.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Eilperin|first=Juliet|title=EPA eases rules on how coal ash waste is stored across U.S.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/epa-eases-rules-on-how-coal-ash-waste-is-stored-across-the-us/2018/07/17/740e4b9a-89d3-11e8-85ae-511bc1146b0b_story.html|date=2018-07-17|work=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=DC Circuit Rules EPA Dropped Ball on Coal Ash Storage Rules|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/dc-circuit-rules-epa-dropped-ball-on-coal-ash-storage-rules/|date=2018-08-22|publisher=Courthouse News Service}}</ref> Nịzaghachi mkpebi ụlọ ikpe ahụ, EPA bipụtara iwu a tụrụ aro na Disemba 2, 2019 nke gaeguzobe oge njedebe nke August 31, 2020 maka ụlọ ọrụ iji kwụsị itinye ntụ nime ihe ndị a na-ejighị naka. Atụmatụ ahụ ga-enyekwa oge ọzọ maka ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ - ruo afọ asatọ - iji chọta ụzọ ndị ọzọ maka ijikwa ihe mkpofu ntụ tupu imechi ihe mkpofu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Smith-Schoenwalder|first=Cecelia|title=EPA Moves to Rollback Coal Power Plant Waste Rules|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2019-11-04/trumps-epa-moves-to-rollback-obama-era-coal-power-plant-waste-rules|date=2019-11-04|work=U.S. News}}</ref> === Nnukwu ego === The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), nke a makwaara dị ka "Superfund," ka e tiri nafọ 1980 iji dozie nsogbu nke idozi ebe mkpofu dị ize ndụ, site nịmepụta ụgwọ iwu, yana ego ntụkwasị obi maka ọrụ nhicha. Nozuzu, CERCLA naemetụta ebe ndị e metọrọ emetọ, ebe RCRA naelekwasị anya na ịchịkwa ọgbọ naaga nihu na njikwa nke ụfọdụ iyi mkpofu. RCRA, dị ka CERCLA, nwere ndokwa iji chọọ nhicha nke ebe ndị e metọrọ emetọ nke mere n'oge gara aga. === Mgbanwe nke Ihe Ndị Dị Iche Ndụ na Ihe Ndị Dị Ike nke 1984 === Nafọ 1984, Congress gbasaa RCRA site nịmepụta Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA). Mgbanwe ndị ahụ mere ka iwu ahụ sie ike site na ikpuchi obere ihe naemepụta ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na ịmepụta ihe achọrọ maka ihe mkpofu ihe dị ize ndụ, na mmechi nke [[Ebe mkpofu ahịhịa|ebe a na-ekpofu]] ihe.<ref name="EPA-RCRA History"/> === Iwu Mgbanwe nke Usoro Nchịkọta Ala nke 1996 === The Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of 1996 nyere ohere mgbanwe ụfọdụ na usoro maka ikpochapụ ala nke ihe mkpofu ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe mkpofu anaghị enwe ihe mgbochi mkpofu ala ma ọ bụrụ na e zigara ya nụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ mkpofu mmiri, ma ọ bụ naedozi ya nebe a naeme ka ọ ghara ịpụ". == Ikike ọgwụgwọ, nchekwa, na ikpofu ihe ==   Ebe ọgwụgwọ, nchekwa, na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa (TSDFs) naachịkwa ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ nokpuru RCRA Sbtitle C ma nozuzu ya gaenwerịrị ikike iji rụọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ikike RCRA, ụfọdụ naaga nihu naarụ ọrụ nokpuru ihe a na-akpọ "ọnọdụ nwa oge". Ihe achọrọ maka ọnọdụ nwa oge naapụta na 40 CFR Nkebi 265. Ihe achọrọ maka TSDF naapụta na 40 CFR Parts 264 na 270. TSDFs na-achịkwa (naedozi, naechekwa, ma ọ bụ naatụfu) ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na nkeji ndị nwere ike ịgụnye: ebe nchekwa continer, tankị, ihe mkpofu, ngalaba nhazi ala, ebe a naekpofu ahịhịa, incinerators, ụlọ mgbochi, na / ma ọ bụ ihe naagbanye mmiri. A naakọwapụta ikike na ọrụ ndị a chọrọ nụzọ zuru ezu na 40 CFR Part 264, Subparts J site na DD. == Hụkwa == * Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha * Ebe Nchebe Ndị A Na-ejibu * Ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na United States * Iwu mkpofu siri ike na United States * Iwu Nchịkwa Radiation {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] a3jdwhvfty0r43n10xdhnlsvf9wmc07 0 29241 727619 199257 2026-09-24T13:22:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727619 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Reserva de la Biosfera Maya, Guatemala.webm|thumb|Ebe Nchekwa Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ nke Maya]]   [[Usòrò:Elmiradortigre.jpg|thumb]] Maya Biosphere Reserve (Spanish: Reserva de la Biosfera Maya) bụ '''ebe nchekwa''' okike na Guatemala nke National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP) nke Guatemala na-elekọta. Maya Biosphere Reserve na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke 21,602 km2, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ala niile nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.conap.gob.gt/Members/admin/documentos/documentos-centro-de-documentacion/areas-protegidas/SIGAPublico_Enero.xls/view|publisher=conap.gob.gt|title=Listado de Áreas Protegidas (enero, 2011)|author=CONAP|accessdate=14 June 2011|format=xls|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008161133/http://www.conap.gob.gt/Members/admin/documentos/documentos-centro-de-documentacion/areas-protegidas/SIGAPublico_Enero.xls/view|archivedate=8 October 2011}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ gụnyere agụ iyi Morelet na ocellated turkey. Ọ dịkwa ọgaranya na osisi gụnyere breadnut, mahogany, ''Swietenia humilis'', ''Bloma prisca'', ''Vitex gaumeri'', cedar, Bucida buceras, ''Haematoxylum campechianum'', ''Rhizophora mangle'', na ''Pimenta dioica''. Mpaghara ahụ sitere na ala mmiri, ruo n'ugwu dị ala, ma nwee ọtụtụ mmiri, gụnyere ọdọ mmiri, osimiri, iyi na cenotes.<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=GUA+01&mode=all|title=Biosphere Reserve Information|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=8 March 2011|work=www.unesco.org|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=4 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322234230/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=GUA+01&mode=all|archivedate=22 March 2017}}</ref> E mepụtara ebe nchekwa ahụ na 1990 iji chebe mpaghara kachasị ukwuu nke oké ọhịa okpomọkụ America fọdụrụ n'ebe ugwu Amazon. Ihe nlereanya nchekwa biosphere, nke UNESCO mejupụtara, na-achọ ịkwalite nguzozi n'etiti ọrụ mmadụ na biosphere site na itinye mmepe akụ na ụba na-adịgide adịgide na atụmatụ nchekwa.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == Ọrụ mmadụ == A na-ekewa Maya Biosphere Reserve n'ọtụtụ mpaghara, nke ọ bụla nwere ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọtụtụ ogige ntụrụndụ na biotopes (ebe a na-echekwa anụ ọhịa) mejupụtara mpaghara ndị bụ isi, ebe a na-adịghị ekwe ka mmadụ biri, na-egbutu osisi, ma ọ bụ na-ewepụta ihe onwunwe. Ndị a gụnyere Ogige Ntụrụndụ Laguna del Tigre, Ogige Ntụndụ Sierra del Lacandón, [[Mirador Río Azul|Ogige ntụrụndụ Mirador-Río Azul]], Ogige Atụ Tikal, El Zotz Biotope, Naachtún-Dos Lagunas Biotope.<ref name="UNESCO_MAB">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=GUA+01&mode=all|title=MAB Biospheres Reserves Directory: Guatemala – Maya|author=UNESCO|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703190521/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=all&code=GUA+01|archivedate=3 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.propeten.org/images/mapas/rbm.jpg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705005745/http://propeten.org/images/mapas/rbm.jpg|archivedate=2007-07-05|publisher=|title=Estado Actual de la Reserva Biosfera Maya en Enero 2000|work=ProPeten|accessdate=|format=}}</ref><ref name="GEF" /> Mpaghara ndị bụ isi na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke 7670 km2, nke bụ 36% nke Maya Biosphere Reserve.<ref name="GEF">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gefweb.org/uploadedFiles/Documents/Council_Documents__(PDF_DOC)/GEF_31/4-26-07%20Project%20Exe%20Summary.pdf|publisher=gefweb.org|title=Project Executive Summary Request for Council Work Program Inclusion under the GEF Trust Fund|author=Ferretti, J.|year=2007|accessdate=16 June 2009|format=pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114083600/http://www.gefweb.org/uploadedFiles/Documents/Council_Documents__%28PDF_DOC%29/GEF_31/4-26-07%20Project%20Exe%20Summary.pdf|archivedate=14 January 2009}}</ref> Na mpaghara ọtụtụ ojiji (8484.40 km2; 40%) na mpaghara mgbochi (4975 km2; 24%), nke gụnyere akụkụ ndịda nke Reserve, a na-ekwe ka ụfọdụ ọrụ akụ na ụba a na-achịkwa. Ihe ndị a gụnyere owuwe ihe ubi na-adịgide adịgide nke osisi na ngwaahịa ọhịa ọdịnala nke gụnyere ''chicle'', sap eji emepụta gum, ''xate'', osisi nkwụ mara mma nke a na-eji emepụta okooko osisi, na pimenta ma ọ bụ allspice. Gọọmentị Guatemala enyewo ndị obodo ikike ọhịa, na-enye ha ikike ịme ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide n'ógbè ndị a kapịrị ọnụ ruo afọ 25. Òtù ndị na-enyocha mba ụwa dị ka Forest Stewardship Council na-akwado ọrụ ịkụ osisi dị ka nke na-adịgide adịgide. N'afọ 2005, a kwadoro 4,500 km2 (1,700 mi).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/p01s04-woam.html|work=The Christian Science Monitor|title=At a store near you: eco-friendly lumber|author=Danna Harman|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508083605/http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0422/p01s04-woam.html|archivedate=8 May 2006}}</ref> N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara a na-eji eme ọtụtụ ihe, e nyela ndị ọrụ ugbo ikike ịga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n'ihe a na-akpọ polygons ugbo.<ref name="McNab">{{Cite book|author=McNab|first=Roan Balas|editor=Redford, Kent H. and Eva Fearn|title=Protected areas and human displacement: A conservation perspective|url=http://archive.wcs.org/media/file/wcswp292.pdf|format=pdf|series=Working Paper No. 29|date=April 2007|publisher=[[Wildlife Conservation Society]]|location=New York|chapter=The Maya Biosphere Reserve and Human Displacement: Social Patterns and Management Paradigms Under Pressure}}</ref> == Nkà mmụta ihe ochie == [[Usòrò:Tikal-Plaza-And-North-Acropolis.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Ebe a na-akpọ Tikal Square na Disemba 2010]] Ebe nchekwa Maya Biosphere bụ ebe obibi nke nnukwu obodo Maya oge ochie, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-egwu ala. Tikal bụ nke a ma ama n'ime ndị a, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị ọbịa 120,000 ruo 180,000 kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iadb.org/news/detail.cfm?language=English&id=3605|publisher=|title=Tourism as an Ally in the fight to save Peten|work=Inter-American Development Bank|accessdate=|format=|archivedate=2012-05-29|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120529125926/http://www.iadb.org/news/detail.cfm?language=English&id=3605}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO_MAB"/> Mirador Basin, nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Reserve, nwere ọtụtụ obodo Maya jikọtara ọnụ. Onye na-eduzi ọrụ ahụ bụ Richard Hansen, onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na El Mirador, nke kachasị ukwuu n'ime saịtị ndị ahụ, site n'oge pre-classic Maya. Obodo ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ gụnyere El Tintal, Nakbe, na Wakna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.miradorbasin.com/about.php|title=Mirador Basin Project|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2010|work=www.miradorbasin.com|publisher=Mirador Basin Project|accessdate=4 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326045425/http://www.miradorbasin.com/about.php|archivedate=26 March 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie kpughere ihe owuwu 60,000 a na-amaghị ama site n'enyemaka nke lasers teknụzụ mgbanwe a na-akpọ 'lidar' n'ebe ugwu Guatemala. E mere map nke ọrụ ahụ na nso Maya Biosphere Reserve. N'adịghị ka echiche ndị gara aga, n'ihi nchọpụta ọhụrụ, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie kwenyere na nde ndị Maya 7-11 bi n'ebe ugwu Guatemala n'oge oge ochie site na 650 ruo 800 AD. Nkà na ụzụ Lidar wepụrụ okpokoro osisi iji kpughee ihe ochie ma gosipụta na obodo Maya dị ka Tikal buru ibu karịa ka e chere na mbụ. E gwupụtara ụlọ, obí eze, okporo ụzọ dị elu, na mgbidi nchebe n'ihi Lidar. Dị ka onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie Stephen Houston si kwuo, ọ bụ nchọpụta dị egwu n'ihe karịrị afọ 150 nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie Maya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-sg/news/world/archaeologists-find-ancient-lost-cities-using-lasers/ar-BBNIdqB|title=Archaeologists Find Ancient Lost Cities Using Lasers|work=www.msn.com|accessdate=2019-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/maya-laser-lidar-guatemala-pacunam/|title=This Ancient Civilization Was Twice As Big As Medieval England|date=2018-02-01|work=National Geographic News|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-15|archive-date=2019-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807025257/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/maya-laser-lidar-guatemala-pacunam/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42916261|title=Sprawling Maya network discovered under Guatemala jungle|author=|first=|date=|work=BBC News|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/archaeologists-find-ancient-cities-using-lasers-1145042|title=Archaeologists Find Ancient Mayan Lost Cities in Guatemala Using Lasers|author=|first=|date=|work=Newsweek|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/news/ancient-maya-structures-guatemala-lasers|title=Lasers Reveal 60,000 Ancient Maya Structures in Guatemala|author=Little|first=Becky|work=HISTORY|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/hidden-ancient-mayan-apos-megalopolis-110002872.html|title=Hidden Ancient Mayan ‘Megalopolis’ With 60,000 Structures Discovered in Guatemala Using Lasers|work=www.yahoo.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-15|archivedate=2019-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905113109/https://www.yahoo.com/news/hidden-ancient-mayan-apos-megalopolis-110002872.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/60000-lost-mayan-structures-found-beneath-guatemalan-jungle-2018-2|title=Archaeologists found thousands of hidden structures in the Guatemalan jungle — and it could re-write human history|author=|first=|date=|work=Business Insider|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/hidden-ancient-mayan-megalopolis-60000-structures-discovered-guatemala-using-797865|title=Hidden Ancient Mayan 'Megalopolis' With 60,000 Structures Discovered in Guatemala Using Lasers|author=|first=|date=|work=Newsweek|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olodonation.com/2018/09/30/archaeologists-discover-ancient-mayan-lost-city-in-northern-guatemala-using-lasers/|title=Archaeologists Discover Ancient Mayan Lost City In Northern Guatemala Using Lasers|author=Chukwurah|first=Precious|date=2018-09-30|work=Nigeria’s Entertainment News, Music, Video, Lifestyle|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-15|archivedate=2019-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905113116/https://olodonation.com/2018/09/30/archaeologists-discover-ancient-mayan-lost-city-in-northern-guatemala-using-lasers/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/09/27/this-major-discovery-upends-long-held-theories-about-maya-civilization/?_ga=2.164638527.1462411402.1566373807-1089594517.1566373807&noredirect=on|title=This major discovery upends long-held theories about the Maya civilization|author=|first=|date=|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bgr.com/2018/02/02/mayan-megacity-discovered-guatemala-jungle/|title=Archaeologists discovered an ancient Mayan megacity hidden in a Guatemalan jungle|author=|first=|date=|work=BER|accessdate=}}</ref> == Ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi == Ecosystems na Maya Biosphere Reserve na-eche ọtụtụ egwu ihu site na ọrụ mmadụ, gụnyere igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, ọrụ ugbo, na ịkpa anụ n'ebe echedoro, yana ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ, ịchụ nta, na ịpụnara ihe ndị Maya. Mpaghara ọhịa nke Reserve ejirila pasent 13 belata n'ime afọ 21 gara aga dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru Rainforest Alliance si kwuo, nke nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepe obodo na mpaghara ahụ. Kemgbe afọ 2000, ebe a na-azụ ehi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị ewepụla ihe dị ka pasent 8 nke ebe nchekwa ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime mgbukpọ kachasị njọ emeela na Laguna del Tigre na Sierra del Lancandon National Parks. Na Laguna del Tigre National Park nyocha nke foto ụgbọelu na 2020, chọtara ihe akaebe nke nnukwu ehi na 87% nke foto. Gọọmentị gbara nnukwu anụ ụlọ ume n'afọ ndị 1960 ma site n'ihe dị ka afọ 2002 narcos, na-agbanye ego site n'ịzụta ala na ehi ma na-ere anụ maka ego a na-apụghị ịchọta na ọrụ ọgwụ ọjọọ. Campesinos (ndị ọrụ ugbo pere mpe) nwere obere ala ma na-akụkarị ihe oriri yana ebe ịta nri, ebe ndị na-ere ọgwụ ọjọọ na-ewepụ ọtụtụ hekta nke nwere akụkụ anọ, nwere ogologo ahịrị kwụ ọtọ na akara taya traktọ nwere ike ịhụ. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080614145526/http://conap.gob.gt:7778/conap/areas-protegidas/sigap/listado-areas-protegidas/listado-areas-protegidas CONAP] * [http://www.parkswatch.org Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Parks Watch] * Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ The Nature Conservancy. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090222000148/http://pulitzercenter.typepad.com/untold_stories/guatemala_the_future_of_petn/index.html Akụkọ Ndị A Na-akpụghị Akụkọ, Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting] * [http://www.propeten.org ProPeten] {{Authority control}} e8k0fgashyrgdlyvan0cnfh4pvcb6y4 0 29429 727634 118553 2026-09-24T14:03:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727634 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebe obibi ntụrụndụ ma ọ bụ "Forest Service Cabins" bụ '''ebe obibi''' onwe onye nke Iwu Ikike obibi nke 1915 mere ka ọ dị nala nke mesịrị ghọọ US Forest Service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.fed.us/eng/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf14232815/pdf14232815Pdpi100.pdf|title=A Guide to Maintaining the Historic Character of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence|publisher=USFS|date=2014}}</ref> Ihe omume ntụrụndụ naenye ọha na eze ikike iwu ụlọ ntụrụndaka nokpuru usoro ikike dị iche iche. Ka ọ naerule nafọ 2014, e nwere ihe karịrị 14,000 Recreational Residences na ala Forest Service na ndị nwe ebe obibi ndị a naanọchite anya otu National Forest Homeowners.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalforesthomeowners.org/page/Cabin_Program|publisher=National Forest Homeowners|title=The Cabin Program}}</ref> A naeji ụlọ ntụrụndụ eme ihe nụzọ naezighị ezi mgbe ụfọdụ ma bụrụkwa isi iyi nke esemokwu, mana emegharịrị mmemme ahụ site na ntinye nke 2014 Cabin Fee Act (CFA) dị ka akụkụ nke 2015 National Defense Authorization Act.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/eclawq28&i=1003|title=Location, Location, Location: Forest Service Administration of the Recreation Residence Program|first=Dan|author=Gildor|year=2002|journal=Ecology Law Quarterly|volume=28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd491187.pdf|publisher=USFS|title=Cabin Fee Act FAQ|access-date=2023-08-18|archive-date=2024-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130204807/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd491187.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:16%20section:6214%20edition:prelim)%20OR%20(granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6214)&f=treesort&edition=prelim&num=0&jumpTo=true#codification-note|title=Cabin Fee Act|publisher=US Congress}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Recreational_residence_tract.png|thumb|Ebe obibi ntụrụndụ dị nso na Lake Tahoe, California]] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} 0qmkoty7mqlu1t0vetpmghhdoiiaoyf 0 29554 727731 687482 2026-09-24T21:41:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:George Willis Pack.png|thumb|George Willis Pack na 1906]]   '''George Willis Pack''' (amụrụ 1831, Peterboro, New York; nwụrụ. August 31, 1906, Southampton, Long Island, New York) bụ onye naegbu osisi nke ọgbọ nke abụọ na Lower Peninsula nke Michigan. Nịdabere nihe nketa nna ya, nime ọtụtụ iri afọ, Pack nwere ihe ịga nke ọma nịzụlite azụmaahịa osisi ya, naaghọ otu nime ndị nde mmadụ mbụ nke Michigan. Nwa ya nwoke, Charles Lathrop Pack, na nwa nwa ya, Randolph Greene Pack, gara nihu na omenala ezinụlọ. == Ndụ na ọrụ == Nna ya, George Pack, Jr. guzobere ebe a na-awa osisi abụọ na mpụga Lexington, Michigan, n'ebe a maara dị ka Pack's Mills. Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ịrụ ọrụ na okenye Pack, na 1860 George Willis Pack, ya na John L. Woods, guzobere Carrington, Pack & Company, na Sand Beach, Michigan. Nafọ 1864, ya na Woods na Jeremiah Jenks, George Willis [[Pack, Jenks & Company|Pack]] guzobere ebe a naawa osisi nke abụọ, Pack, Jenks & Company, dịkwa nso na Sand Beach. E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke atọ, Woods & Company, na Port Crescent, Michigan, na 1870. Nafọ 1876, e guzobere Pack, Woods & Company na Oscoda, Michigan, na Osimiri Au Sable. George Willis Pack ghọrọ nwoke bara ọgaranya. A gaecheta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị nde mmadụ ole na ole biri na Huron County.<ref>Eyle, pp. 2–9</ref> Ogige ọha na eze dị na Asheville, North Carolina malitere na 1797. Pack nyere ala maka ụlọ ikpe ọhụrụ nke Buncombe County, nke a rụchara na 1903 ma ọ dịghịzi adị. Otu ọnọdụ nke onyinye a bụ na ebe ụlọ ikpe mbụ ahụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke [[Pack Square|ogige]] ọha na eze, a naakpọkwa mpaghara ahụ Pack Square nihi ya. Pack nyekwara ọtụtụ nime ihe ncheta nke onye bụbu Gọvanọ North Carolina Zebulon Baird Vance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/asheville/pac.htm|title=Pack Square, Asheville, North Carolina|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|accessdate=2020-12-15|archive-date=2022-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220032243/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/asheville/pac.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ụlọ ọrụ, ebe, na ụbọchị == * Carrington, Pack & Company, Sand Beach, Michigan, 1860-70 * Pack, Jenks & Company, Sand Beach, Michigan, 1864-70 * Woods & Company, Port Crescent, Michigan, 1870-78 * Pack, Woods & Company, Oscoda, Michigan, 1878-1901 == Ala == * Huron County, Michigan - 5,000 acres (20 km2) nke osisi * Osimiri Pinnebog, Michigan - 25,000 acres (100 km2) nke ala pine == Njikọ mpụga == * "[http://toto.lib.unca.edu/web_exhibits/WNC_pack/default_pack.htm George Willis Pack]: A Name That Will Endure", A Virtual Exhibition, Mahadum nke North Carolina na Asheville, August 2006 == Ihe odide == === Ihe edeturu === {{Reflist}} === Akwụkwọ === auocyyz25lczkvgagr75r5zcuy0iw2b 0 29883 727688 698411 2026-09-24T18:17:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|children=}}{{Databox}} Ezikiel Jonathan “Zeke” Emanuel (amuru September 6, 1957) bu onye okacha amara n’ihe ihe oncology nke America, bioethicist [1] na onye otu ibe ya na Center for American Progress .  Ọ bụ onye isi ugbu a osote Provost maka Global Initiatives na Mahadum Pennsylvania na onye isi nke Ngalaba Ethics Medical and Health Policy.  Na mbụ, Emanuel jere ozi dị ka Diane na Robert Levy University Prọfesọ na Penn.  Ọ na-enwe ọganihu na Mahadum Pennsylvania School of Medicine na Wharton School ma bụrụ onye prọfesọ na-akpa mmetụta na Harvard Medical School ruo 1998 mgbe ọ ngwaọrụ na National Institutes of Health . . <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/09/politics/biden-coronavirus-advisers-experts-rick-bright/index.html|title=Biden transition team announces coronavirus advisers, including whistleblower Rick Bright|author=Mucha|first=Sarah|date=November 9, 2020|work=CNN|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref>Na Nọvemba 9, 2020, Onye isi ala- òkùra Joe Biden gosiri Emanuel ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị otu 16 nke Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ COVID-19 == agụmakwụkwọ == .Emanuel bụ nwa-nwoke nke Benjamin M. Emanuel na Marsha (Smulevitz) Emanuel.  Nna ya, Benjamin M. Emanuel, bụ onye ọrụ na Jerusalem [1] dibia bekee bụbu onye otu Irgun, otu ndị otu ndị Juu na-arụ ọrụ na Mandate Palestine .  Ọ na-elekọta ndị ogbenye na-akwaga mba ọzọ n'efu ma na-eduzi iji agba nke dị ize ndụ nye ụgbọ;  [2] dị ka nke 2010 o biri na mpaghara Chicago.  [1] Nne Emanuel, Marsha, onye akwụkwọ na onye na-elekọta mmadụ nke psychiatric bụ onye a na-ekwure na North Lawndale obodo na Chicago's West Side, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ikike obodo, ndị Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Ya na ụmụ ya na-aga njem na ihe ngosi. N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2009, Emanuel chetara na n'oge ọ bụ nwata "ichegbu onwe ya maka ajụjụ gbasara ụkpụrụ bụ akụkụ nke usoro anyị na-eme kwa ụbọchị." <ref name="Pear">{{Cite news|author=Pear|first=Robert|title=A hard-charging doctor on Obama's team|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2009-04-17|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/18/us/politics/18zeke.html}}</ref> <ref name="ward">{{Cite news|title=Dr. 'Zeke' Emanuel's challenge|first=Jon|author=Ward|date=2009-03-24|work=[[The Washington Times]]|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/mar/24/dr-zeke-emanuels-challenge/|accessdate=2009-08-13}}</ref>Mgbe ọ gụchara akara post-doctoral ya, Emanuel gbasoro ọrụ na nkà ọgwụ, na-arrịgo n'ọkwa prọfesọ na-akpa mmekọrịta na Harvard Medical School na 1997. [1] N'oge na-ahụ anya, ọ hụ n'anya  nsogbu na eze, ma gbasaakwa n'ọkwa onye isi nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ na Clinical Center nke US National Institutes of Health .  Emanuel jere ozi dị ka onye ntakiri iche maka mgbasa ozi nye Peter Orszag, onye bụbu onye ntụzi nke Office of Management and Budget na ụdị Obama .  [2] Emanuel batara na ahụ nwere echiche dị iche iche site n'aka President Barack Obama otu esi emezi nke ngwaọrụ, mana ndị ọrụ ibe kwuru na ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka mmepụta . Ụlọ ọcha [3] N'akwụkwọ akụkọ na n'akwụkwọ ya ''Healthcare, Guaranteed'', Emanuel kwuru na a ga-ekwe nkwa nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'iji dochie anya mkpuchi nlekọta ahụike onye ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ, Medicaid na Medicare na akwụkwọ nlekọta ahụike kwadoro site na ụtụ isi bara uru. Atụmatụ ya ga-enye ndị ọrịa ohere idobe otu dọkịta ọbụlagodi na ha gbanwere ọrụ ma ọ bụ atụmatụ mkpuchi. Ọ ga-ebelata ụgwọ ọrụ maka nlekọta mgbochi na ụtụ isi ma ọ bụ machibido nri ndị na-adịghị mma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ katọrọ echiche nke ịchọ ka ndị mmadụ zụta mkpuchi ahụike. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-akwado atụmatụ Obama maka mgbanwe nlekọta ahụike, n'agbanyeghị na ha dị iche na nke ya. <ref name="Pear"/> N'ime otu edemede nke Ezikiel Emanuel na Victor Fuchs dere, Emanuel dere na nwata nke onye ọrụ nwe "enweghị arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ezi", na Medicaid bụ "klas nke abụọ" na inyekwu ndị ndu n'iche echiche ụzọ ndị  ahụ ga-abụ.  wuo na "usoro gbajiri agbaji".O kwuru, sị, "n'oge na-adịghị anya, ha na-achọkwu ego iji kpuchie ndị na-enweghị mkpuchi, na n'ikpeazụ, ịrị elu na-akwụghị ụgwọ nke ahụike ahụike ga-eme ka nsogbu nke ndị na-enweghị mkpuchi pụta ngwa ngwa." Ọ tụrụ aro ka e mepụta ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti iji nwalee ịdị irè nke teknụzụ nlekọta ahụike ọhụrụ. <ref name="BandAids">Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Victor R. Fuchs, February 7, 2007, Beyond Health-Care Band-Aids, The Washington Post, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/06/AR2007020601528.html Beyond Health-Care Band-Aids]</ref><blockquote>Na $2 trillion kwa afọ, usoro nlekọta ahụike US na-ata ahụhụ nke ukwuu site na adịghị arụ ọrụ karịa enweghị ego. Usoro a na-efunahụ ego na nchịkwa, ule ndị na-adịghị mkpa na ọgwụ ndị na-eri obere ego maka obere uru ahụike. Ọ na-enyekwa mkpali ego siri ike iji chekwaa adịghị arụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ.<nowiki></br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> Saịtị n'ịkwalite usoro dị mfe dị ugbu a, wee welie ndị a na-eme ka agbamume ahụ gbagọrọ agbagọ .<nowiki></br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> Ọzọkwa, ọbụna atụmatụ ndị na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-enweghị mkpuchi ego taa nwere ike ịchọpụta na uru ndị ahụ ga-apụ n'anya n'ime afọ ole na ole ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa na-aga n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa karịa ngwa ahịa ụlọ. Ka ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ga-ahapụ mkpuchi ma kwụọ obere ụtụ isi ma ọ bụ ụgwọ ndị akwadoro. Steeti ga-achọpụta na ọnụ ahịa karịrị ego ha ga-enweta na a ga-ewepụkwa ya. <ref name="BandAids"/></blockquote>Emanuel na Fuchs na-ajụ usoro otu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ, n'ihi na ọ na-emegide ụkpụrụ America nke onye ọ bụla. "Nsogbu kachasị na onye na-akwụ otu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ bụ ọdịda ya ijikọta na ụkpụrụ ndị America bụ isi. Otu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ na-etinye onye ọ bụla n'ime otu usoro nwere otu mkpuchi ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ịgbakwunye ihe eji enyere ndụ aka na ọrụ site na ahịa nkeonwe." === ''Ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ mmadụ'' === N'akwụkwọ ya ''bụ Ends of Human Life'' <ref name="EndsOfHumanLife">The Ends of Human Life: Medical Ethics in a Liberal Polity, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Harvard University Press 1994, copyright 1991</ref> Emanuel ji onye ọrịa AIDS "Andrew" mee ihe atụ nke nsogbu ahụike ahụike. Andrew gwara otu ndị na-akwado mpaghara okwu wee binye aka na ndụ ga-arịọ ka ewepụrụ usoro nkwado ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị atụmanya ezi uche dị na ya maka mgbake. E nyeghị onye ọ bụla akwụkwọ ikike ahụ ma dowe ya n'akpa ego ya, ọ dịghịkwa onye e nyere ikike onye ọka iwu. Enwere ajụjụ gbasara ikike ya ebe ọ bụ na o nwere ọrịa AIDS mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na ya. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, onye hụrụ Andru n'anya kwuru na ya ekwuola banyere ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ma rịọ ka e kwe ka Andrew nwụọ. Ezinụlọ Andrew ekwetaghị na Andrew chọrọ ịnwụ. Dr. Wolf zọpụtara ndụ Andrew na mbụ, mana kwere nkwa na ya ga-enyere ya aka izere "ọnwụ nhụsianya". Ndị ICU chọrọ nduzi sitere n'aka Dr. Wolf maka etu ha kwesịrị isi na-agba mbọ idebe Andrew ndụ, n'ihi na ohere ọ nwere ịlanarị njide obi bụ ihe dị ka efu. A jụrụ ịnabata ndị ọrịa abụọ ọzọ dị oke egwu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi ụkọ akwa. Enwere ajụjụ gbasara ma onye hụrụ Andrew nọchiri anya ọchịchọ Andrew ka ọ bụ nke ya. Enwekwara ajụjụ gbasara ma nne na nna Andrew maara Andrew karịa ndị ọzọ, ka ọ bụ na obi amamikpe kpaliri ha ịjụ njirimara Andrew dị ka nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. Ọnụ ọgwụgwọ ike ike bụ $2,000 kwa ụbọchị. <ref name="EndsOfHumanLife" /> Nsogbu a na-egosi ihe ịma aka nke ụkpụrụ omume nke ọbụna ndị dọkịta nwere akọ na uche na-eche ihu, na mgbakwunye na nzuzo nzuzo nke onye ọrịa, ihe nkwenye ahụ pụtara, na ụkpụrụ omume nke ọgwụgwọ nnwale, transplanting genes ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ ụbụrụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na e kwesịrị inye nwa amaala ọ bụla nlekọta ahụike zuru oke, ole na ole na-ekwenye na otu esi akọwa ihe nlekọta ahụike zuru oke. Ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ndị a abụrụla ihe mgbagwoju anya nke omume. Ụmụ ọhụrụ ndị a ga-amụ nwere nnukwu nkwarụ ọmụmụ na-enwe nnukwu nsogbu n'omume, na nkà na ụzụ ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ sie ike mgbe ụfọdụ ịkọwa ihe ọnwụ bụ n'ihe banyere ụbụrụ mebiri ndị ọrịa na-eku ume. Enwekwara ajụjụ gbasara ụkpụrụ gbasara otu esi ekenye akụrụngwa dị ụkọ. Agbanyeghị, iyi Hippocratic bụ ihe akaebe na teknụzụ ahụike abụghị ihe kpatara ajụjụ ahụike gbasara ụkpụrụ omume. <ref name="EndsOfHumanLife">The Ends of Human Life: Medical Ethics in a Liberal Polity, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Harvard University Press 1994, copyright 1991</ref> . <ref name="EndsOfHumanLife">The Ends of Human Life: Medical Ethics in a Liberal Polity, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Harvard University Press 1994, copyright 1991</ref>Emanuel gosipụtara na "nkwe mpempe akwụkwọ onwe" nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta ya.  Ụmụ amaala, dị ka echiche a si dị, e nyere ikike dị mkpa iji sonye na nwa ụka onye kwuo uche ya dabere na "echiche nke ndụ dị mma".  nwanne, nwanne ike nke akwụkwọ ikike site na puku kwuru puku ndị obodo (CHP), nke ọ ALA n'ime ha ga- ekwere nke ya maka ọrịa ọha.  CHP ọ àlà ga- nta ọrụ a ga-ekpuchi dị ka isi, yana ọrụ ndị a na-ekpuchi.  [1] === Mmegide nke iwu euthanasia (1997) === . Emanuel kwuru na-ahụ euthanasia n'iwu, dị ka e mere na Netherlands, nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma, na ọ ga-enwe nkwado maka mgbasa ozi na-akpa uche.  ọkọlọtọ, Emanuel na-akwado iji ebido na-enye ndị na-ahụ maka mmemme egwuregwu ha mgbe ha akarazi ikerịta ụka.  [1] Ezikiel, na izi ya mbụ Linda Emanuel, onye MD Ph.D.  bioethicist na geriatrician, kere Medical Directive, nke a ike dị ka nke a kapịrị ọnụ na sara mbara n'oge ndụ ndụ [2] na bụ ụgbọ nke atọ Advance Directive.  [3] [4] Ọ na-ekwu na Hippocratic Oath na-agbagha nsogbu na mmegide euthanasia bụ nke oge a.  [5] Emanuel kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị ọrịa na-anwụ, “ikwenye euthanasia n'iwu ma ọ bụ igbu onwe onye Nwe Aba uru ọ lụba.  N'ụzọ ụzọ nke ahụ, ọ ga-abụ ụzọ isi zere siri siri ike na ị na-agbara siri ike a na-enwe n'aka ndị agha na ndị na-ahụ maka ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ iji hụ na ndị ọrịa na-anwụ anwụ na-enweta ego  6] Emanuel kwuru na ihe ndị mere eme echiche na euthanasia si Gris ochie oge ka ugbu a "na-atụ aro njikọ n'etiti ọkọlọtọ legalize euthanasia na oge mgbe Social Darwinism na raw individualism,  free aha na akụ na dị, na oke na-eme emee." Emanuel kwuru na ọ bụ akụkọ ifo na ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-achọ ịnwụ anwụ na-ahọrọ euthanasia n'ihi na ha na-enwe oke mgbu. O kwuru na n'ahụmahụ nke ya, "ndị nwere ihe mgbu nwere ike imegide ndị dọkịta na-enyere aka igbu onwe ha na euthanasia." O kwuru na o yikarịrị ka ndị ọrịa ga-achọ euthanasia n'ihi "ịda mbà n'obi na nhụjuanya n'ozuzu nke uche ... enweghị nchịkwa ma ọ bụ nke ùgwù, nke ịbụ ibu arọ, na ịdabere." O kwukwara na ụdị euthanasia nke iwu kwadoro nke a na-eme na Netherlands ga-eduga n'omume " mkpọda na-amị amị " nke ga-eme ka ọ dịrị ndị dọkịta mfe ịkọwapụta euthanasia mgbe ọ ga-azọpụta ha nsogbu nke ihicha akwa akwa na ma ọ bụghị ilekọta ndị ọrịa chọrọ. ibi ndụ. O kwuru na euthanasia nke iwu kwadoro na Netherlands agbasoghị ụkpụrụ iwu niile, na ụfọdụ ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na-agbapụ n'agbanyeghị na ha enweghị ike ịnye nkwenye iwu chọrọ. Dị ka Emanuel si kwuo, "Ihe ọmụmụ Netherlands egosighị na ikwe ka ndị dọkịta nyere aka igbu onwe ya na euthanasia agaghị eduga na euthanasia nke ụmụaka, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị isi mgbaka, ndị agadi, na ndị ọzọ. N'ezie, nnọgidesi ike nke mmegbu na imebi ihe nchebe, n'agbanyeghị mgbasa ozi na amamikpe, na-atụ aro na ihe egwu na-atụ egwu nke ịkwado iwu bụ kpọmkwem ihe si na ya pụta." <ref name="Euthanasia">Ezekiel Emanuel, March 1997, ''The Atlantic'', [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1997/03/whose-right-to-die/304641/ Whose Right to Die?]</ref> Emanuel kwuputara nchegbu ya na enwere ike iji nrụgide mmefu ego mee ka euthanasia ziri ezi ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ iwu. Emanuel kwuru na nzọrọ nke ịzọpụta ọnụ ahịa n'aka igbu onwe onye bụ mgbagha, na ọnụ ahịa ndị dị otú ahụ pere mpe, gụnyere naanị pasenti 0.1 nke mkpokọta mmefu ahụike. <ref>Ezekiel Emanuel and Margaret Battin, ''New England Journal of Medicine'', June 16, 1998, [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199807163390306 What Are the Potential Cost Savings from Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide?]</ref> ." <ref>EDITORIAL: No 'final solution,' but a way forward, November 23, 2008, The Washington Times, [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/nov/23/no-final-solution-but-a-way-forward/ EDITORIAL: No 'final solution,' but a way forward]</ref>Betsy McCaughey ndị Ezikiel Emanuel dị ka “Dọkịta na-egbu egbu” na echiche echiche New York Post .  [1] Edemede ahụ, nke boro Emanuel ebubo na ọ na-akwado usoro ndabere site na awụ na akpata, onye isi anya Michele Bachmann nke Minnesota nwude ya n'ala nke Ndị Nnọchiteanya.  [2] Sarah Palin zoro okwu Bachmann wee kwuo na nkà ihe nke Emanuel bụ "Orwellian" na "ihe ihe dị njọ", ma kechie ya na , 5 kwuru na njedebe nke nwata akwụkwọ ọ na-ekwu na ọ ga-enweta "  onye panel ".  [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Emanuel kwuru na ike panel akwụkwọ Palin bụ "Orwellian".  [10] Palin mechara kwuo na 'agbapụtala okwu ọnụ ọnụ ya' na meta Emanuel bụ "ihe na-akpasu mmadụ iwe" na "na-awụ akpata oyi".  [11] Na mmemme redio nke mbụ Fred Thompson, McCaughey dɔro aka ná ntĩ na " ngere ahụ ike ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ iwu - na-achọrọ kpamkpam na afọ ise ọ mgbasa ozi n' na Medicare nwere ikike akwụkwọ nke ga  -agwa ha ka ha ga-esi agba ndụ ha ngwa."  O kwuru na nrị ndị ahụ ga-enyere ndị agadi aka aka otú e si ajụjụ “ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ́, otú e si ajụ mmiri, otú e si banye na ụlọ ọgwụ ... ihe niile iji mee ihe ga-  adabara ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ maka akụkụ gị na ibibi ndụ gị.  " [12] Dị ka The New York Times kwuru, [13] conservative pundits na-atụnyere Nazi Germany 's T4 euthanasia mmemme na Obama's atumatu laa azụ na November 2008, na-akpọ ha "America's T4 program-trivialization of ite ime,  ọrịa nke euthanasia, na normalization nke dibịa nyere aka igbu onwe." <ref>Jocelyn Noveck, August 25, 2009, CAPITAL CULTURE: Another Emanuel in the spotlight, AP, Newsday, [https://web.archive.org/web/20091025084436/http://www.newsday.com/capital-culture-another-emanuel-in-the-spotlight-1.1390950 CAPITAL CULTURE: Another Emanuel in the spotlight]</ref>PolitiFact mpaghara McCaughey dị ka "ụgha na-akpa ọchị."  [1] [2] [3] [4] FactCheck.org kwuru, sị, "Anyị na a na-agbagọ ihe Emanuel. N'otu isiokwu, ọ na-ekwu maka nkà ihe, na nke ọzọ, ọ na  -ede otu esi eme nhọrọ mma mgbe a manyere ya ikike nke ndị ọrịa na-ebufe nke ahụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ mgbe ọnweghị oke."  [5] [6] Otu dị na Time.com kwuru na Emanuel “na-ekwu okwu naanị n'okwu dị oke egwu dị ka inye onyinye ahụ, ebe nchekwa nchekwa.  .  .  'A na-ihe ndị m kwuru n'okwu a."  Emanuel kwuru na echiche "panel Ọnwụ" bụ "ụgha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, ihe kpụrụ akpụ zuru oke.  Na ihe nkiri anya, abụọ ihu, ihe mgbagha bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ebuso m agha ugbu a na-echeta ndụ ndụ na-emetụta mgbasa mgbasa nke njedebe nke ndụ, tupu ha ekiri ya n'ihi ndị agha." "  M gbasiri mbọ ike na imegide ihe isi ike iji mgbasa njedebe nke ndụ.  Ya mere inwe ahụ ahụ na ọrụ ahụ gbagọrọ agbagọ - ọ bụ ihe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ Emanuel mere ka ọ dị iche n'etiti ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke ekwesịrị ijide n'aka na onye ọ bụla sitere na ọrụ ahụike nwere ezi uche na-akwadoghị. Ihe ga-esi na ya pụta ga-abụ usoro okpukpu abụọ, ebe ndị nwere ego buru ibu nwere ike ịnyekwu ọrụ uche. Ọ hụrụ ọdịda akọwapụtaghị ọrụ ndị bụ isi dịka ihe kpatara mbọ a na-agba na mkpuchi nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ dara. N'ihi ya, nkwenye na nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-achọ ụgwọ na-akparaghị ókè na-eme ka mgbalị ọ bụla na-enye nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ yiri ka ọ ga-akwụsị na enweghị ego nke mba. Kama mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nlekọta ahụike bụ isi, ndị nwere mkpuchi nke ọma nwere mkpuchi maka ọtụtụ ụdị nlekọta ahụike nwere uche na enweghị mkpuchi maka ụfọdụ ụdị nlekọta ahụike. Emanuel kwuru na ka ị na-esetịpụ ahịrị ikewapụ nlekọta ahụike bụ isi na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na nlekọta ahụike ezi uche siri ike, ekwesịrị ịme mbọ ahụ. <ref name="PolitiFactBachmann">PolitiFact.com [http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2009/aug/12/michele-bachmann/bachmann-says-obama-health-adviser-thinks-health-c/ Bachmann says Obama health adviser thinks health care ought not to be extended to the disabled]</ref>Emanuel kwuru nkà ihe ndị nke Amy Gutmann, Norman Daniels na Daniel Callahan mgbe ha na-arụrịta ụka na e nwere ndakọrịta n'etiti liberalism na communitarianism ebe obodo republicanism na deliberative ochichi na-ezukọ.  [1] Dị ka The Atlantic si kwuo, Emanuel na-amụ nkà ihe nke John Rawls na-arụrịta ụka na ọha mmadụ na- otu uru (ịha nhata) ụfọdụ nke ọzọ (obodo dị mma), na ngbanwe a nwere ike  ịbụ ọrụ oke nhọrọ na mgbasa ozi.  [2] PolitiFact na-ekwu na Emanuel na-Amụma eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị na-ede na-emekarị nhọrọ siri ike, dị ka onye edoro ntụkwasị obi imeju.  [3] PolitiFact iche, "Ndị na-edekarị echiche echiche echiche ndị na-agbagharị gburugburu. Ha na-ekwughachi ma echiche ndị echiche, na-akwadoghị ha."  [3] N'afọ 2009, Govind Persad, Alan Wertheimer na Ezikiel Emanuel dekọrọ otu isiokwu ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Lancet'' . <ref name="CompleteLives">{{Cite journal|author=Persad, G.|title=Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=373|issue=9661|pages=423–431|date=2009-01-31|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60137-9|pmid=19186274|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/PERPFA-2}}</ref> Ezikiel bụ otu n'ime ndị odee atọ bụ ndị jikọtara ''ụkpụrụ maka oke ọrụ ahụike dị ụkọ'', nke na-enyocha usoro usoro ọmụmụ asatọ maka ime ihe banyere "oke nke usoro ọgwụgwọ dị ụkọ dị ka akụkụ ahụ na ọgwụ mgbochi." Ekpebiri ụzọ asatọ niile na-erughị nke zuru oke, na usoro ndụ zuru oke na-ejikọta ọtụtụ n'ime ha. <ref name="CompleteLives" /> Mgbe akụrụngwa (akụkụ, ọgwụ mgbochi na ihe ndị ọzọ) dị ụkọ, usoro ndụ zuru oke na-agwakọta ụzọ ise dị iche iche (ewezuga nke mbụ na-ebute ụzọ, ọrịa mbụ na nkwụghachi ụgwọ) mana ọ dị arọ maka ịchekwa ọtụtụ afọ nke ndụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ekwusikwa ike mkpa ọ dị ịchekwa nnukwu ego nke nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ a na-etinye na nwata. Ọ gaghị amasị ndị na-eto eto mgbe prognosis dara ogbenye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ ndụ a zọpụta agaghị adị ukwuu, mgbe a na-emeso ụkọ. <ref name="CompleteLives"/> Emanuel kwuru na e hotara okwu ya nke ọma, ma na-akọwahie echiche ya. O kwuru, sị, "M na-ahụ na ọ dị ntakịrị ihe na-agbawa obi, mgbe ọrụ ọrụ zuru oke na-arụ ọrụ nke a raara nye iji kwalite nlekọta ndị mmadụ na njedebe nke ndụ, na ugbu a, m 'na-akwado euthanasia panels'" <ref>Naftali Bendavid, ''The Wall Street Journal'', August 13, 2009, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125012376373527721 Emanuel's Brother Becomes a Target]</ref> Emanuel ji ọrụ ya na-emegide euthanasia wee nata ọtụtụ onyinye maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji melite njedebe nke nlekọta ndụ. Emanuel kwuru, sị, "Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya etu a ga-esi mebie aha mmadụ ma wepụ ya n'ọnọdụ ya" yana "Ọ dịghị onye gụrụ ihe m mere kemgbe afọ 25 ga-abịa na nkwubi okwu ndị e depụtara n'ebe ahụ." <ref name="DeadlyDoctorStrikesBack">Scherer, Michael. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814203349/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1915835,00.html "Ezekiel Emanuel, Obama's 'Deadly Doctor,' Strikes Back"], ''Time'', 12 August 2009.</ref> === "The zuru okè oké ifufe nke overutilization" (2008) === N'akwụkwọ akụkọ 2008 ''nke Journal of the American Medical Association'' "The Perfect Storm of Overutilization" <ref name="JAMAJune18">Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Victor R. Fuchs, June 18, 2008, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090902053119/http://www.ipalc.org/Healthcare_Policy/The%20Perfect%20Storm%20of%20Overutilization%20%28JAMA%202008%29.pdf "The Perfect Storm of Overutilization"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902053119/http://www.ipalc.org/Healthcare_Policy/The%20Perfect%20Storm%20of%20Overutilization%20%28JAMA%202008%29.pdf |date=September 2, 2009 }}, ''Journal of the American Medical Association'', Vol. 299 No. 23</ref> Emanuel kwuru, "N'ozuzu, mmefu nlekọta ahụike US bụ 2.4 ugboro nkezi nke mba niile mepere emepe ($ 2759 kwa onye), ma nsonaazụ ahụike maka ndị ọrịa US, ma a tụrụ ya site na ndụ ndụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa na-anwụ kpọmkwem, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, enweghị mmasị." . <ref name="JAMAJune18" />O kwuru na ọgwụ na ọnụ dị oke ọnụ nke na-enye ikike uru dị bụ nsogbu. Ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọrụ, ahịgwọ ọgwụ ndị na-eduzi, yana iwu mmejọ na nwa ọgwụ na-akpa na-akwado iji eme ihe . Ịre Aha Aha na-ere site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-ebulikwa ọnụ aha. [1] Emanuel kwuru na nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ọrụ na-akwado itinye ego na nlekọta ahụike adịghị arụ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị itinyekwu ego na nchọpụta aghụghọ, ịhazi ọrụ ahụike maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta, na nyochaa ịdị irè nke teknụzụ ahụike ọhụrụ dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ mkpịsị aka mkpụrụ ndụ maka ọrịa cancer na ụzọ ka mma nke ijikwa ahịrị eriri afọ. </link> .N'ime edemede 2007 Conflict of Interest in Industry-sponsored Drug Development [1] Emanuel kwuru na ndị ọrụ dị n'etiti ihe ndị bụ isi nke ndị na-eme ọgwụ (na-eduzi na ibipụta ule dị mma na ichebe onye  ọrịa) na nke abụọ (nwere dị n'aka na ụlọ ọrụ na ego sitere na ụlọ ọrụ).  amụ, ule ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado ka ọ ga-eji usoro ogbugba kpuru abụọ na randomization, ma yikwara ka ha debere ọnwụ ihe wee kwuo mmiri. Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị ihe àmà na-egosi na ndị ọrịa na-emerụ ahụ site na nchọpụta dị otú ahụ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ihe àmà na-egosi na ego na-emetụta otú e si akọwa nsonaazụ ule. Emanuel kwuru gbasara ọmụmụ Selfox banyere iji ndị na-egbochi ọwa calcium na-agwọ ọbara mgbali elu, nke ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nwere mmasị na ego na nsonaazụ ya kọrọ ezigbo nsonaazụ karịa ndị ọzọ. Nke ka njọ, a ga-ebipụta nsonaazụ ule nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado bụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ ya dị mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime nchọpụta Whittington maka data gbasara ndị na-emechi ihe nchịkwa serotonin ahọpụtara, nsonaazụ ọjọọ adịchaghị ebipụta karịa nsonaazụ dị mma. Otú ọ dị, na ''Ọrụ nke isonye na nyocha biomedical'' <ref name="ObligationToParticipate">The Obligation to Participate in Biomedical Research, G. Owen Schaefer, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Alan Wertheimer, JAMA. 2009;302(1):67-72.</ref> ndị odee Schaefer, Emanuel na Wertheimer kwuru na a ga-agba ndị mmadụ ume ka ha leba anya na ntinye aka na nchọpụta biomedical dị ka ọrụ obodo, n'ihi ọdịmma ọha na eze nwere ike ịkpata. <ref name="ObligationToParticipate" /> == Nkwenye == Emanuel enwetala otutu nkwanye ugwu na onyinye, gụnyere Toppan Dissertation Prize, Harvard award for best political science dissertation of 1988 <ref name="CV">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bioethics.nih.gov/people/cv/emanuel.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae|author=Emanuel, Ezekiel J.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824042057/http://www.bioethics.nih.gov/people/cv/emanuel.pdf|archivedate=2009-08-24}}</ref> na Dan David Prize maka onyinye ya na ngalaba bioethics na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2018/242-present-bioethics/978-prof-ezekiel-emanuel|title=Prof. Ezekiel Emanuel|author=Prize|first=Dan David|work=www.dandavidprize.org|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-04-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ethics.harvard.edu/news/ezekiel-emanuel-awarded-1m-dan-david-prize|title=Ezekiel Emanuel Awarded $1M Dan David Prize|work=ethics.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-21|archivedate=2020-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519145920/https://ethics.harvard.edu/news/ezekiel-emanuel-awarded-1m-dan-david-prize}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Emanuel bụ nna gbara alụkwaghịm nke nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013|title=Profile with Gabrielle Emanuel|url=http://rhodesproject.com/gabrielle-emanuel-profile/|accessdate=2020-11-15|publisher=The Rhodes Project}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-11-26|title=Yale Undergraduates Win Rhodes, Mitchell Scholarships|url=https://news.yale.edu/2008/11/26/yale-undergraduates-win-rhodes-mitchell-scholarships|accessdate=2020-11-15|publisher=[[Yale University]]}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ogologo ndụ aha njirimara a gbara ọnụ ọnụ mgbe okwu ịkpọ na 2014 Foto ọhaneze Sarah Palin isi nke ndị otu National Academy of Medicine isi ndị mmadụ si Wilmette, Illinois Ndị otu Council on Foreign Relations ndụ * Ndepụta ajụjụ a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe okwu gasịrị na 2014 * Foto ọhaneze Sarah Palin * Ndepụta nke ndị otu National Academy of Medicine * Ndepụta ndị mmadụ si Wilmette, Illinois * Ndị otu Council on Foreign Relations == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Isi mmalite == * {{Cite journal|author=Auerbach|first=Sarah|date=August 24, 2009|title=Come for Dinner, Stay for Life: Zeke Emanuel|journal=Amherst|url=https://www.amherst.edu/mm/119310}} * {{Cite journal|author=Emanuel|first=Ezekiel J.|date=March 23, 2005|title=Whose Right to Die?|journal=Atlantic Monthly|volume=279|issue=3|pages=73–9|pmid=11657423|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1997/03/whose-right-to-die/304641/}} *   * {{Cite book|author=Emanuel|first=Ezekiel J.|title=Healthcare Guaranteed: A Simple, Secure Solution for America|year=2008|publisher=Perseus Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-1-58648-662-4|url=https://archive.org/details/healthcareguaran00eman}} * Emanuel, Ezekiel J., ''Prescription for the Future'', 2017. (How to improve the quality of U.S. medical care and how to lower its current exorbitant cost.) * {{Cite journal|author=Persad|first=Govind|year=2009|title=Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions|journal=The Lancet|volume=373|issue=9661|pages=423–431|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60137-9|pmid=19186274|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/PERPFA-2}} * {{Cite news|author=Wysocki|first=Bernard Jr.|date=March 3, 2005|title=Some Scientists Say New Ethics Rules May Damage NIH|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110980263395968693}} * {{Cite journal|author=Zwillich|first=Todd|year=2005|title=Financial ethics pit NIH scientists against government|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_august-13-19-2005_366_9485/page/537|journal=The Lancet|volume=366|issue=9485|pages=537–538|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67082-1|pmid=16104071}} {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kbhfrxqtwvqz9gvjxnpqxkj5dmu0hxu 0 29995 727869 721867 2026-09-25T08:11:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Flag of Jewish National Fund.svg|thumb|Akara akara ego Mba Ndị Juu]] [[Usòrò:Jewish National Fund office.JPG|thumb|Isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Mba Ndị Juu na [[Jerusalem]]]] [[Usòrò:Golden_Book_of_the_Jewish_National_Fund.jpg|thumb|Akwụkwọ Ọlaedo nke Theodor Herzl na Johann Kremenetzky bịanyere aka. Na Jewish Museum of Switzerland]] [[Usòrò:יער נטע אדם בישראל.jpg|thumb|Map nke oké ọhịa ndị a kụrụ n'Izrel site n'aka ndị Juu Mba Ndị]] [[Usòrò:Newly planted tree.JPG|thumb|Osisi na-eto eto nke Òtù Mba Ndị Juu kụrụ na nso nso a]] '''Jewish National Fund''' ( , ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael''; n'oge gara aga הפאנד Metáומי , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke e guzobere na 1901 iji zụta ma melite ala na Ottoman Syria (mgbe e mesịrị Mandatory Palestine, mgbe e mesịrị Israel na ókèala Palestine) maka obibi ndị Juu.<ref name="unccd.int">Professor Alon Tal, The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110526081007/http://www.unccd.int/cop/reports/otheraffected/national/2006/israel-eng.pdf "]</ref><ref>Rebecca Spence.[http://www.forward.com/articles/11246/ "]</ref><ref>Joshua Feldman, ''The Yemenite Jews'', London 1913, p. 32</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, o nwere 13% nke ala niile dị na Israel.<ref name="Pfeffer">{{Cite news|title=High Court delays ruling on JNF land sales to non-Jews|first=Anshel|author=Pfeffer|date=2007-09-24|accessdate=2007-12-20|work=[[Haaretz]]|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/906704.html|archive-date=2007-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121113240/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/906704.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kemgbe e bidoro ya, JNF na-ekwu na ọ kụrụ ihe karịrị nde osisi 240 na Israel. O wuru ihe mgbochi mmiri na ọdọ mmiri 180, mepụtara ala 250,000 acres (1,000 km2) ma guzobe ihe karịrị 1,000 ogige ntụrụndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jnf.org/site/PageServer?pagename=history|title=Jewish National Fund - Plant Trees in Israel|work=jnf.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806130644/http://www.jnf.org/site/PageServer?pagename=history|archivedate=2008-08-06}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, e nyere JNF Israel Prize maka ihe ịga nke ọma na ndụ na onyinye pụrụ iche nye ọha mmadụ na steeti Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Recipient's C.V.|url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashsab/kerenKayemet/KorotHaimKerenKayemet.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Judges' Rationale for Grant to Recipient|url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashsab/kerenKayemet/NimokyHasoftim.htm}}</ref> == Aha ya == Aha ''Keren Kayemet'' sitere na Mishnah. Tractate Peah (1:1) depụtara ụdị ọrụ ọma ndị a na-enweta n'ụwa a, ebe isi uru ga-abụ n'ụwa na-abịa: hakeren kayemet lo l'olam haba.<ref>[https://www.thejc.com/judaism/jewish-words/keren-kayemet-1.13618 Keren Kayemet]</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:PikiWiki_Israel_3154_Gan-Shmuel_zk19-_17.jpg|thumb|stampụ JNF, c. 1915]] Echiche nke ego ala nke mba bụ nke mbụ Hermann Schapira, onye prọfesọ German-Jewish nke ụfọdụ na ike na ada Zionist nke Mbụ na 1897. E ndidi ego, nkenke Keren Hakayemet (nke e mechara mara na Bekee dị ka " Jewish National Fund") na nke Ise nke Zionist na Basel na 1901. N'afọ ndị mbụ ya, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ onye Juu bụ Johann Kremenezky. A akụkọ ala mbụ na Judia na ala Galili dị ala. N'afọ 1909, JNF keere òkè dị mkpa na ntọala Tel Aviv. Ntọala nke "Olive Tree Fund" ọrụ nke Nkwado Diaspora maka mgbasa ndị na-eme n'oké mkpa. Igbe nchịkọta JNF ma ọ bụ Igbe Blue (nke a mara na Yiddish dị ka pushke) abụwo ndị nke JNF egwuregwu e malitere ya, na--achọpụta anya nri dị n'etiti Israel na Diaspora. N'oge dị n'etiti agha ụwa ahụ, ụbọchị ike ihe dị ka otu nde igbe nchịkọta akụkọ tin ndị a na-acha ọkụ na nke na-acha ọcha n'iche ndị Juu n'ụwa niile. Site na 1902 ruo na anyị awụ 1940, JNF rere stampụ JNF iji nweta ego. N'oge dị ndị na Mee 1948, a na-eji stampụ JNF dị ka stampụ post n'oge mgbanwe site na Palestine gaa Israel. === Oge Ottoman === Akụkụ mbụ nke ala, 200 dunams (0.20 km2) n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Hadera, natara dị ka onyinye site n'aka onye ndú Zionist Russia Isaac Leib Goldberg nke Vilnius, na 1903. Ọ ghọrọ ubi oliv.<ref>Zvi Shilony, ''Ideology and Settlement; The Jewish National Fund, 1897-1914'', Magnes Press (1998), 119-121.</ref> N'afọ 1904 na 1905, JNF zụrụ ala dị nso n'Oké Osimiri Galili na Ben Shemen. N'afọ 1921, ala JNF ruru 25,000 acres (100 km2), na-arị elu ruo 50,000 acres (200 km2) site na 1927. Na ngwụcha afọ 1935, JNF nwere 89,500 acres (362 km2) nke ala nwere obodo ndị Juu 108.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/17/archives/100-colonies-founded-established-in-palestine-by-jewish-national.html?scp=1 "100 colonies founded"], ''The New York Times''. </ref> === Iwu Britain === [[Usòrò:הקמת_בית_לקק"ל_בירושלים-JNF043082.jpeg|thumb|Isi ụlọ ọrụ JNF na Jerusalem na-ewu 1938]] [[Usòrò:ירושלים_-_עובדי_קק"ל_בשנת_1940-JNF008316.jpeg|thumb|Ndị ọrụ JNF Jerusalem 1940]] [[Usòrò:חומר_למפעלים_-_בשביל_הלשכות.-JNF045176.jpeg|thumb|Mgbasa ozi JNF na 1945]] N'afọ 1939, 10% nke ndị Juu bi na British Mandate of Palestine biri n'ala JNF. Ihe onwunwe JNF site na njedebe nke oge British Mandate ruru 936 km2.<ref>Walter Lehn, The Jewish National Fund, ''Journal of Palestine Studies'', Vol. 3, No. 4. </ref> Ka ọ na-erule 1948, JNF nwere 54% nke ala ndị Juu nwere n'ógbè ahụ, ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị 4% nke ala n'ihe a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka British Mandate of Palestine.<ref>Donald H. Akenson.[[iarchive:isbn_9780801427558/page/168| ]]</ref><ref name="pij.org">Dan Leon.[http://www.pij.org/details.php?id=410 "]</ref> Ka ọ na-erule mmalite nke steeti, JNF enwetala ngụkọta 936,000 dunams (936 km2; sq mi) ala; 800,000 dunams ọzọ (800 km2; 310 mi) ka ndị otu ndị Juu ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ nwetara.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lP_Adcv7w48C&pg=PA87|title=Pollution in a Promised Land: An Environmental History of Israel|author=Tal|first=Alon|date=2002-08-01|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520936492|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OdEryYxCKTMC&pg=PA92|title=The Divided Economy of Mandatory Palestine|author=Metzer|first=Jacob|date=1998-06-13|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521465502|pages=92|language=en}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ JNF n'oge Mandatory nwere njikọ chiri anya na Yossef Weitz, onye isi nke ngalaba ya. Site na mbido, iwu JNF bụ ịgbazite ala ogologo oge kama ire ya. Na akwụkwọ ikike ya, JNF na-ekwu, sị: "Kemgbe ịzụta ala mbụ na Eretz Israel na mbido afọ 1900 maka na n'aha ndị Juu, JNF jere ozi dị ka onye nlekọta ndị Juu nke ala ahụ, na-amalite ma na-edepụta ọrụ mmepe iji mee ka ndị Juu biri site na ókèala dị n'ebe ugwu ruo na nsọtụ ọzara na Arava dị n'etiti". === Ọchịchị Israel === [[Usòrò:PikiWiki_Israel_14791_Planting_of_the_Gilboa_Mountains.jpg|thumb|Ịkụ osisi n'ugwu Gilboa, c.1960]] Mgbe e guzobere Israel na 1948, gọọmentị malitere ire ala ndị na-anọghị na JNF. Na Jenụwarị 27, 1949, e rere 1,000 km2 nke ala (site na ngụkọta nke ihe dị ka 3,500 km2) na JNF maka ọnụahịa nke IL11 nde. E rere ala 1,000 km2 ọzọ na JNF n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1950. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, a na-ajụ ajụjụ banyere izi ezi nke azụmahịa ndị a mana iwu Israel akwadowo ala JNF.<ref>A. Golan. </ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=A. Barkat|title=Buying the State of Israel|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=538435&contrassID=1&subContrassID=9&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y|publisher=Haaretz|date=February 10, 2005|accessdate=2007-05-29|archive-date=2009-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201174658/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=538435&contrassID=1&subContrassID=9&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=M. Benvenisti|title=With all due respect for the 'blue box'|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864483.html|publisher=Haaretz|date=May 29, 2007|accessdate=2007-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601154704/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864483.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 1953, a gbasara JNF ma hazigharịa ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Israel n'okpuru aha ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael'' (JNF-KKL). N'afọ 1960, e wegara nchịkwa nke ala nke JNF-KKL, ma e wezụga mpaghara ọhịa, na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị e guzobere ọhụrụ, Israel Land Administration (ILA). ILA bụ ọrụ ijikwa ihe dị ka 93% nke ala Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmi.gov.il/Envelope/indexeng.asp?page=/static/eng/f_general.html|title=Israel Land Authority|publisher=Mmi.gov.il|date=2006-01-03|accessdate=2013-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927210835/http://www.mmi.gov.il/Envelope/indexeng.asp?page=%2Fstatic%2Feng%2Ff_general.html|archivedate=2013-09-27}}</ref> A kọwapụtara ala niile ILA na-achịkwa dị ka ''ala Israel''; ọ gụnyere ala nke gọọmentị (ihe dị ka 80%) na ala nke JNF-KKL (ihe dị na 13%).<ref>David Kretzmer, ''The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel'' (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1990), pp. 60—61.</ref> JNF-KKL natara ikike ịhọpụta 10 n'ime ndị nduzi 22 nke ILA, na-enye ya ikike dị ukwuu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ steeti ahụ. Mgbe ha lekwasịrị anya n'etiti na n'ebe ugwu nke steeti ahụ na-eto eto, JNF-KKL malitere ịkwado ebe obibi ndị Juu gburugburu ókèala Negev site na 1965. Mgbe Agha Ụbọchị Isii gasịrị na 1967, JNF-KKL malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị Palestine ọhụrụ.<ref name="JNF-USA">{{Cite web|title=JNF-USA website|url=http://www.jnf.org/|accessdate=2011-12-26}}</ref> == Ọrụ mkpesa == Akwụkwọ ikike JNF na-akọwapụta iweghachite ala maka ndị Juu dị ka ebumnuche ya bụ isi. N'ime afọ 1980, a kụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 240 km2. E weghachiri ihe karịrị 200 km2 nke ala ihe ọkụkụ, ma wuo ọtụtụ narị nke okporo ụzọ. Nnyocha banyere nchekwa ala na mmiri na iwu ihe mgbochi mmiri na ọdọ mmiri bịara dịkwuo mkpa n'ihu ụkọ mmiri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. Ọrụ mmekorita nke JNF na-agụnye itinye aka na International Arid Land Consortium, nke na-enyocha nsogbu na ngwọta pụrụ iche na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ na nke semiarid, na-arụ ọrụ iji mepụta omume gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide iji melite ogo ndụ n'etiti ndị mmadụ nọ n'ógbè kpọrọ nkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The International Arid Lands Consortium – Joint Research Efforts: FCD Conference|work=Jewish National Fund|url=http://www.kkl.org.il/kkl/english/main_subject/curb%20global%20warming/the%20international%20arid%20lands%20consortium.x|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701174816/http://www.kkl.org.il/kkl/english/main_subject/curb%20global%20warming/the%20international%20arid%20lands%20consortium.x|archivedate=1 July 2007}}</ref> === Mgbukpọ osisi === [[Usòrò:Eshtaol_Forest.jpg|thumb|Ọhịa Eshtaol nke JNF kụrụ]] [[Usòrò:PikiWiki_Israel_14878_John_Paul_Forest.jpg|thumb|Nraranye nke Pope John Paul Forest na Nazaret]] [[Usòrò:PikiWiki_Israel_8847_yad_vashem_amp;_Jerusalem_forest.jpg|thumb|Oké ọhịa Jerusalem]] JNF mbụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkụ kara na iweghachite ala. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1935, JNF osisi osisi nde 1.7 n'ebe dị 1,750 acres (7.08 km2) ma ala mmiri mmiri, dị ka ndị dị na Ndagwurugwu Hula. Ihe kpatara agbọ iri ise, JNF safar ihe ụmụaka nde osisi 260 n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ala sere nkụ, nkume, ugwu ugwu ebe ọrụ ugbo agha ebi ego na ihe ize ndụ nke ebe ala dị elu. Ọ bụ ebe ahụ na Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo bụ onye na-achịkwa Israel, JNF na-ahụ maka mmekọ ngwaọrụ njikọ na osisi. N'afọ 2006, JNF bịanyere aka na ịgbazite afã 49 na steeti Israel nke na-enye ikike ụfọdụ hekta 30,000 (300 km2) nke ala Negev maka njikọ nke guzo. A katọrọ JNF maka ebe osisi pine na-enweta nke ala nke na-ahụ mmetụta na ihu igwe, ọzọ ụdị dị ka osisi oliv. Ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na JNF kwesịrị maka elele a, ike ọrụ adị ma ọ bụghị ya. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ JNF si kwuo, isii n'ime osisi iri ọ mgbasa a osisi na ebe JNF dị na Jerusalem ndị ndụ, ọ bụ ebe na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị ndụ maka ebe ihe na-ahụ Jerusalem dị elu - ihe ịzụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nwunye 95. Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Israel Maariv dere na ọ ga- osisi ndị ọrụ kwa ụbọchị iji kwe ka ndị njem egwu kụọ n'ụbọchị na-esote, mana JNF gọnahụrụ nke a ma kwuo na ọ ga'ebo akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ ebubo nkwutọ. Union for Environmental Defence akatọwo ike nke ego ahụ maka "ịdabere n'elu pine na-ere ọkụ" na iji ọgwụ herbicides na-egbu egbu eme ihe, n'ihe gbasara obere obere na-akpata nsogbu na eze. A ụfọdụ ụfọdụ maka mgbochi nchekwa na dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka oghere Israel pụta ìhè. Ndị nkatọ na-ekwu na ọtụtụ ala JNF na-enweta West Bank bụ ndị e weghaara n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị n'aka ndị Palestine gbara ọsọ ndụ, nakwa na JNF ọrụ aka na ala dị na West Bank. Shaul Ephraim Cohen kwuru na a osisi osisi iji Imam ejedo Bedouin. Susan Nathan dere na a mgbasa ozi n'ebe obodo ndị Arab a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ mgbe agha 1948 mma. Nathan dekwara na osisi pine na osisi cypress n'chiri osisi oliv nakwa na iwu JNF na- Sign ihe ndị na-egosi egosi Arab tupu 1948. N'afọ 2008. JNF ga-ede aha obodo ndị Arab dịbu n'ebe ahụ. Kemgbe afọ 2009, JNF na-enyere ndị Palestinian Authority aka ịhazi ogige ntụrụndụ ọha na eze na ihe ndị ọzọ maka obodo Palestine nke Rawabi, n'ebe ugwu Ramallah. JNF nyere ndị Palestinian Authority mkpụrụ osisi 3,000 maka mpaghara ọhịa a na-emepe na nsọtụ obodo ọhụrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704107104574571491401847518|title=Building Peace Without Obama's Interference|publisher=Online.wsj.com|date=2009-12-02|accessdate=2013-08-11}}</ref> === Nchekwa mmiri === Mmiri dị ọcha nke Israel na-adabere na ụbọchị 50 n'afọ nke mmiri ozuzo oge, ebe mmiri ozuzo ejirila okpukpu abụọ kemgbe 1960. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1980, JNF mere ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ nchekwa mmiri. E wuru ihe mgbochi mmiri na ọdọ mmiri iji jide mmiri ozuzo nke ga-efu na Ndagwurugwu Arava, Reshafim na Ndagurugwu Beit She'arim na Kedma dị nso na Kiryat Gat. E wuru ọdọ mmiri aka mere na Timna Park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jnf.org/about-jnf/history/|title=JNF history|publisher=Jnf.org|accessdate=2013-08-11|archivedate=2013-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720004128/http://www.jnf.org/about-jnf/history/}}</ref> JNF ewuola ọdọ mmiri 200 gburugburu mba ahụ, ma na-eme atụmatụ iwu ọdọ mmiri 30 ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ nhicha mmiri n'ime afọ ise sochirinụ. [mgbe?<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> N'ime afọ iri gara aga, [mgbe?JNF etinyela ihe karịrị $ 114.99 nde na iwu ọdọ mmiri, na-eme ka ikike nchekwa mba ahụ jiri pasent 7 gbasaa, ruo ihe karịrị 130 (34×10^9 ) nke mmiri. JNF na-etinye aka na ọrụ mmezigharị osimiri n'Izrel niile, dị ka Nahal Alexander Restoration Project malitere na 2003. === Mmepe ala === [[Usòrò:Jewish_National_Fund_trees_in_The_Negev.jpg|thumb|Osisi JNF na Ọzara Negev. Dunes ndị mmadụ mere (ebe a bụ liman) na-enyere aka ịnọgide na mmiri ozuzo, na-emepụta oasis.]] Ntinye aka JNF na mmepe Israel maka ebumnuche ndị Juu gụnyere ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ mmepe ala. N'afọ 1980, JNF malitere ọrụ a maara n'ozuzu ya dị ka "Operation Promised Land", iji zute ihe ịma aka nke mmụba nke ndị Juu si Soviet Union na [[Ethiopia]]. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, JNF agafeela ọzọ na mmepe nke obodo iji nabata ndị Juu ọhụrụ, na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara Galili na Negev, mpaghara abụọ nke Israel nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị Juu. Karịsịa, nde dollar 600 nke JNF Blueprint Negev na-ezube ịdọta ma wuo akụrụngwa maka ndị ọhụrụ 250,000 na ọzara Negev, nke mejupụtara 60% nke ala mba ahụ mana ọ ka nwere mmadụ ole na ole.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jnf.org/site/PageServer?pagename=negevProjects|title=Jewish National Fund – Plant Trees in Israel|work=jnf.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129165914/http://www.jnf.org/site/PageServer?pagename=negevProjects|archivedate=2009-01-29}}</ref> Atụmatụ ahụ abụrụla nke a nyochara dịka otu ndị dị ka Bustan, Save the Negev, na Ohalah egosila nchegbu maka enweghị nghọta nke ọrụ ahụ n'ihi nrụgide nwere ike ịba na akụ na ụba na mmetụta nwere ike ime na obodo Bedouin dị nso.<ref>Daniel Orenstein and Steven Hamburg.[http://www.watsoninstitute.org/news_detail.cfm?id=383 "]</ref><ref>Rebecca Manski.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.neohasid.org/negev/resolution|title=Ohalah resolution|publisher=Neohasid.org|accessdate=2013-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://neohasid.org/negev/save_the_negev/|title=Neohasid's Save the Negev Campaign|publisher=Neohasid.org|accessdate=2013-08-11}}</ref> == Ngwá agha mba ụwa na-anakọta ego == === United States === [[Usòrò:Benefit_concert_by_Professor_Shore_at_the_Tower_of_David.jpg|thumb|Egwuregwu uru na David's Citadel, 1926]] Akụkụ [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] nke JNF, nke e debanyere aha na Jenụwarị 26, 1926, bụ onye kachasị enye aka na JNF-KKL.<ref name="JNF-USA"/> N'afọ 1996, e boro JNF-USA ebubo na ha na-ejighị ego eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. Dị ka ebubo ahụ si kwuo, naanị 21% nke onyinye US rutere Israel, a na-ejikwa ego gaa n'ọfịs JNF nke Latin America. N'ihi ihe ihere a, a manyere ndị nlekọta North America ịhapụ ọrụ.<ref name="Pollution in a Promised Land">Alon Tal. </ref> A mara ọnọdụ nnwere onwe ụtụ isi nke JNF-USA aka na 2011 dị ka imebi iwu ọha na eze nke United States gbasara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na okpukpe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://forward.com/articles/137187/|title=Jewish National Fund Challenged on Discrimination - News|date=20 April 2011|work=The Forward}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị 2017, na nzaghachi nye nyocha nke Jewish Daily Forward, ụlọ ọrụ onye ọka iwu ukwu nke New York State nyere JNF-USA iwu ka ọ kagbuo ego abụọ iwu na-akwadoghị nke karịrị $ 500,000 nke nzukọ ahụ nyere onye isi ya, Russell Robinson, na onye isi ego ya, Mitchel Rosenzweig. (New York State machibidoro ọrụ ebere ịgbazinye ndị ọrụ ha ego ọ bụla.) JNF-USA kwuru na Robinson na Rosenzweig abụghị ndị ọrụ n'okpuru nkọwa nke iwu, mana onye ọrụ onye ọka iwu ahụ jụrụ arụmụka ahụ ma ndị isi abụọ ahụ kwetara ịkwụ ụgwọ ụgwọ ha.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nathan-Kazis|first=Josh|title=EXCLUSIVE: Iconic Jewish Charity Illegally Loaned $500K To CEO, Regulators Say|url=http://forward.com/news/national/378051/jnfs-loans-to-officers-broke-state-law-regulators-say/|accessdate=28 July 2017|work=Jewish Daily Forward|date=27 July 2017}}</ref> === United Kingdom === Na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], e guzobere JNF-UK (aha zuru ezu ''JNF Charitable Trust'') na 1939 ma debanye aha dị ka òtù ọrụ ebere.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JNF-UK website|url=http://www.jnfuk.org/|accessdate=2011-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127191618/http://jnfuk.org/|archivedate=2012-01-27}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005, JNF-KKL dị na Israel kewara na onye mmekọ ya bụ onye Britain, na-ebo JNF-UK ebubo na ha "eduhie" ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite news|title=KKL splits from JNF in Britain|author=Rocker|first=Simon|date=19 October 2005|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]}}</ref> JNF-KKL kwuru na otu ndị Britain na-eji aha KKL enweta ego "maka ihe ha na-enweghị njikọ na KKL". Israel JNF-KKL kwuru na ọ ga-amalite ọrụ nchịkọta ego dị iche na UK. JNF-UK malitere usoro iwu iji kwụsị KKL iji aha "JNF" ma ọ bụ "Jewish National Fund" na UK. Òtù abụọ ahụ mere udo mgbe onye ọchụnta ego a mụrụ n'Izrel bụ Samuel Hayek weghaara dịka onyeisi oche JNF-UK n'afọ 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|title=JNF settles £700,000 Sherling dispute|author=Rocker|first=Simon|date=28 October 2010|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/40320/jnf-settles-%C2%A3700000-sherling-dispute|accessdate=26 December 2011|archive-date=14 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114082848/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/40320/jnf-settles-%C2%A3700000-sherling-dispute|url-status=dead}}</ref> Israel JNF-KKL kwụsịrị esemokwu ya na JNF-UK n'ime izu ole na ole nke ịkwụsị esemokwu yiri nke ahụ na American JNF-USA Na 1 Mee 2020 e nyere JNF mkpebi na ọrụ ederede na-agba ndị agadi ume ịhapụ ego na KKL.<ref>{{Cite news|title=JNF deal ends dispute in Israel, U.S., U.K.|author=Anshel Pfeffer|date=2008-11-18|work=Haaretz|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/jnf-deal-ends-dispute-in-israel-u-s-u-k-1.257394|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2016-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817154740/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/jnf-deal-ends-dispute-in-israel-u-s-u-k-1.257394|url-status=dead}}</ref> Onye ọka ikpe Geddes kwuru na KKL enweghị nnwere onwe site na JNF UK.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KKL Executor & Trustee Company Ltd v Harrison [2020] EWCOP 25 (01 May 2020)|url=https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCOP/2020/25.html|accessdate=2022-01-16|work=www.bailii.org}}</ref> Ọnọdụ ọrụ ebere nke JNF-UK abụrụla n'okpuru mwakpo na-arịwanye elu.<ref>'Stop the JNF' campaign relaunched. </ref> Ndị praịm minista Britain Tony Blair na Gordon Brown bụ ndị nkwado nsọpụrụ nke JNF-UK, dị ka ndị praịm Minista Britain niile bu ha ụzọ kemgbe e bidoro ya. David Cameron gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye nkwado nsọpụrụ na JNF-UK na 2011.<ref>Cameron leaves the JNF. </ref> Dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ya si kwuo, Cameron kwuru na ọ bụ nzukọ nke lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ n'otu mba - ya bụ, Israel.<ref>Cameron's JNF split: it was Israel. </ref> A kọwara mkpebi Cameron dị ka onye na-eleghara anya, n'agbanyeghị mmesi obi ike nke ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ya na mkpebi ya "enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na mkpọsa ọ bụla na-emegide Israel". Otú ọ dị, ndị na-eme mkpọsa kwuru na ọ bụ n'ihi nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ọ gbara arụkwaghịm.<ref name="grauniad">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/may/29/david-cameron-resigns-patron-jnf|title=David Cameron resigns as patron of the Jewish National Fund|author=Sherwood|first=Harriet|date=29 May 2011|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=31 May 2011}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, ndị JNF-UK's Honorary Patrons anaghị agụnye onye ndú nke ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain. Otu Early Day Motion na ndị omeiwu Britain kpọrọ oku ka a kagbuo ọnọdụ ọrụ ebere nke JNF na UK ma ndị omeiwu 66 bịanyere aka na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2010-12/1677|title=Early day motion 1677 - Jewish National Fund|publisher=UK Parliament|accessdate=2012-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/node/57211|title=Anti-JNF move fails|author=Simon Rocker|date=2011-10-27|work=The Jewish Chronicle|accessdate=2012-01-12|archive-date=2021-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310005405/https://www.thejc.com/node/57211|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, ndị Green Party kpọrọ oku ka ewepụ JNF ọnọdụ ọrụ ebere ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/64384/greens-denounce-jnf-racist-and-colonial|title=Greens denounce JNF as 'racist' and colonial|author=Marcus Dysch|date=2012-03-01|work=The Jewish Chronicle|accessdate=2012-03-03|archive-date=2012-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305033249/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/64384/greens-denounce-jnf-racist-and-colonial|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Arụmụka 2021 ==== Na 2 Disemba 2021, Onye isi oche JNF-UK Samuel Hayek gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na Jerusalem Post ebe o kwuputara nchegbu banyere ịrị elu nke antisemitism na UK, na-ekwu na "n'ime afọ 10, ikekwe obere, onye maara, ndị Juu agaghị enwe ike. biri na UK". Mgbe ndị Juu News jụrụ ụbọchị 18 ka e mesịrị ka ọ dokwuo anya echiche ya, Hayek kwuru na ihe àmà ahụ dị na "ọnụọgụ ndị kwabatara England. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọha mmadụ Britain na-agbanwe agbanwe". Mgbe a jụrụ ya ka o dokwuo anya ma ọ bụrụ na ndị si mba ọzọ ọ na-ezo aka na ya bụ ndị Alakụba, Hayek kwadoro nke a, ma gaa n'ihu na-ekwu na ndị Alakụba kwabatara "anaghị asụ Bekee [ma] mepụta ghettos nke onwe ha, agụmakwụkwọ nke onwe ha, usoro echiche nke ha" . Hayek pụtara na-ekwughachi echiche ndị metụtara njikọ chiri anya n'echiche nnukwu nnọchi anya mgbe ọ gara n'ihu, "usoro a bụ na ọtụtụ Ndị Kraịst na-acha ọcha na-ebelata. Ọ na-agbada ruo n'ókè ebe enwere ebe ọ nweghị ike ichebe onwe ya ọzọ." Ndị isi nke Board of Deputies (BoD), ndị Juu Leadership Council na Community Security Trust niile katọrọ okwu Hayek, dị ka Chief Rabbi kwuru, ebe onye omeiwu Juu Alex Sobel kpọrọ oku ka Hayek arụkwaghịm dị ka oche nke JNF UK, ma ọ bụ ikewapụ nke ndị Juu. JNF UK sitere na otu obodo ebe Hayek ka nọ n'ọkwa ya. Na 4 Jenụwarị 2022 akwụkwọ ozi nke ndị nnọchi anya BoD 46 bịanyere aka na ya kpọrọ Hayek ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm, na-ekwu na ha ga-aga n'ihu na-enye ndị ụlọ nzukọ ndụmọdụ ka ha ghara isonye, kwado ma ọ bụ kwadoo JNF-UK ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ nọ n'oche. Na 10 Jenụwarị 2022 akwụkwọ ozi ọzọ nke ndị isi ụmụ akwụkwọ Juu 105 bịanyere aka na ya kwụsịtụ mmemme niile JNF UK na-eme yana kwụsịtụ otu JNF na BoD. Na 13 Jenụwarị 2022 Charity Commission maka England na Wales meghere ikpe nchịkwa na JNF UK iji nyochaa nchegbu. N'abụ iri abụọ na atọ n'ọpụpụ n'afọ 2021, mgbe ahụ BoD senior VP na JNF-UK vice Gary Mond katọrọ okwu Hayek, kwuru na ha ihe ngosi anya JNF- UK ma kwado akwụkwọ ya na UK "bụ otu n'ime ebe mkparịta ụka mma n'ụwa ịbụ ndị Juu", na ndị Juu Britain "nwere nnukwu ihe ngosi na UK". Na 12 January, Jewish News na otu isiokwu na-ekwu na ha emeela ka BoD mara na ndị mere ihe mere eme nke mgbasa ozi ebe Mond yiri ka ọ na- ịgba nkwado maka mgbapụta Islamophobic, ndị "ịmami" ozi abụọ nke Pamela Geller, onye America na-eme ihe ike, England na-enweta na UK, otu ozi na-ekwuputa "nchegbu" ya maka ụmụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị omeiwu nri na nke ọzọ na-atụ aro na mgbaanya "na-alụ agha" na Islam. Na nzaghachi, BoD gwara Mond ka ọ lara n'iyi mgbe nsogbu na-ewere ọnọdụ. Mond gbara arụkwaghịm na BoD n'ụbọchị na-esote, na-azọrọ na "a kagbuola" ya ma na-ebo ndị isi Board ebubo na ha na- adabere n'aka ekpe alụso ma na-achọghị esemokwu dị iche iche echiche. Hayek jụrụ ịhapụ ọrụ, na 21 Jenụwarị o dere otu op-ed na The Jewish Chronicle na-ekwu na ọ kwụsiri ike n'okwu ya na The Jerusalem Post mana ọ "abụghị megide ndị ka nta ma ọ bụ megide ndị Alakụba na UK ma ọ bụ Europe, kama megide onye ọ bụla na-agbasa ịkpọasị nke na-emerụ ndị Juu ahụ" nakwa na okwu ya gara aga "ezighi ezi".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejc.com/lets-talk/all/i-have-always-fought-prejudice-and-bigotry-3KnLDq8AFD8c786eVsEsTG|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=www.thejc.com|title=I have always fought prejudice and bigotry}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2022, BoD vootu ịkatọ JNF-UK maka ọdịda nke ndị nlekọta ya ịkatọ okwu Hayek.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harpin|first=Lee|title=JNF UK censured by Board of Deputies over chair's 'bigoted remarks' about Muslims|url=https://www.jewishnews.co.uk/jnf-uk-censured-by-board-of-deputies-over-chairs-bigoted-remarks-about-muslims/|accessdate=2022-01-24|work=www.jewishnews.co.uk|language=en-US}}</ref> === Canada === Mgbe Agha Ụbọchị Isii gasịrị, aka Canada nke JNF nwetara ihe dị ka $ 15 nde US iji kwado ogige ntụrụndụ 1,700-acre a na-akpọ "Canada Park". E wuru ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ na 1970 n'ala nke obodo Palestine atọ bi ruo mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, nke e bibiri na iwu Yitzhak Rabin.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Cook|first=Jonathan|title=Canadian ambassador honoured at illegal park|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/canadian-ambassador-honoured-at-illegal-park-1.522327|accessdate=25 January 2021|work=The National|date=18 June 2009}}</ref> Malite n'ihe dị ka afọ 2013, Independent Jewish Voices emeela mkpọsa megide ọnọdụ ọrụ ebere nke JNF Canada, na 2017 ọ tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa na gọọmentị Canada na-achọ iwepụ ọnọdụ ọrụ ebere JNF na-adabere na ịkpa ókè.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lam|first=Justin|title=Independent Jewish Voices 'Stop JNF Canada' Campaign calls to cease colonization of Palestinian Land|url=https://www.thecanadafiles.com/articles/independent-jewish-voices-stop-jnf-canada-campaign-calls-to-cease-colonization-of-palestinian-land|work=The Canada Files|accessdate=25 January 2021|date=23 January 2021}}</ref> == Igbe nchịkọta JNF == [[Usòrò:KKL_tin.jpg|thumb|Igbe nchịkọta JNF]] JNF kesara igbe ọrụ ebere na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke JNF ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ site na mmalite ya na atụmatụ nke Johann Kremenezky.<ref name="jpost.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Green-Israel/People-and-The-Environment/John-Kremenezky-and-the-Treasures-of-Zionist-History|title=John Kremenezky and the Treasures of Zionist History}}</ref> Ozugbo a hụrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ndị Juu, igbe ndị ahụ ghọrọ otu n'ime ihe nnọchianya ndị a ma ama nke Zionism. Abụ ụmụaka banyere igbe ahụ, nke Dr. Yehoshua Frizman, onye isi nke Real Gymnasium for Girls na Kovno, dere, gbara ọsọ   Otu onye na-edeba aha ya bụ Haim Kleinman na Nadvorna, Galicia tinyere igbe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke a na-akpọ "Keren Le'umit" n'ọfịs ya ma gbaa ndị ọzọ ume ime otu ihe ahụ. E kesara igbe mbụ e mepụtara n'ìgwè na 1904.<ref name="Moshe Kol-Kalman 2009, p. 116-7">Moshe Kol-Kalman, ''The Blue Box,'' The Israel Philatelist, June 2009, Vol LX, No. 3, p. 116-7.</ref> Kleinman gara Mandate Palestine na 1930s ma mee atụmatụ ime aliyah, mana ọ nwụrụ na Holocaust.<ref name="Moshe Kol-Kalman 2009, p. 116-7" /> Menahem Ussishkin dere na "Mkpụrụ ego nwatakịrị ahụ na-enye ma ọ bụ na-anakọta maka mgbapụta nke ala ahụ adịghị mkpa n'onwe ya; ọ bụghị nwatakịrị na-enye Keren Kayemeth, kama ọ bụ ego na-enye nwatakịrị, ebe a na-eguzo na ebe dị elu maka ụbọchị niile nke ndụ ya. "<ref name="Moshe Kol-Kalman 2009, p. 116-7" /> Igbe ndị ahụ nwere ike ịnwe ọdịdị na nha dịgasị iche iche. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ akwụkwọ e mere ka ha dị larịị dị ka envelopu ma nwee ike ịnwe naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mkpụrụ ego, ụfọdụ igbe ndị America mbụ bụ cylindrical, ụfọdụ igbe German e ji tin mee ka ha bụrụ ụdị akwụkwọ ndị e kere eke.<ref name="Moshe Kol-Kalman 2009, p. 116-7">Moshe Kol-Kalman, ''The Blue Box,'' The Israel Philatelist, June 2009, Vol LX, No. 3, p. 116-7.</ref> Israel wepụtara stampụ ndị nwere onyinyo nke igbe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na 1983, 1991, na 1993 maka ncheta afọ 90 nke JNF.<ref name="Moshe Kol-Kalman 2009, p. 116-7">Moshe Kol-Kalman, ''The Blue Box,'' The Israel Philatelist, June 2009, Vol LX, No. 3, p. 116-7.</ref> == Arụmụka == === Ihe doro anya === T'ruah egosila nchegbu na JNF anaghị eme ihe doro anya banyere ebe ego ha na-aga nakwa na nzukọ ahụ nwere ike ịkwado ọrụ na West Bank settlements.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nussbaum Cohen|first=Debra|title=U.S. Jewish Group Goes After JNF Over West Bank Donations|url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/.premium-1.679448}}</ref> Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mechara kweta na JNF na-akwado ọrụ n'ime ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/world/middleeast/solar-project-pairs-muslims-and-jews-to-aid-west-bank-farmers.html|title=Solar Project Pairs Muslims and Jews to Aid West Bank Farmers|first=James|author=Glanz|work=The New York Times|date=May 14, 2016}}</ref> Nnyocha nke itinye ụtụ isi ha site na 2014 mere ka Rabbi Jill Jacobs nke T'ruah mee atụmatụ na ihe dị ka $ 600,000 nke nde $ 27.2 na enyemaka nke JNF-USA gara ịkwado nkwekọrịta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-jnf-finally-releases-list-of-grantees-in-settlements-1.5441233|title=Jewish National Fund finally releases list of grantees in Israeli West Bank settlements|work=Haaretz}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, JNF kwupụtara na ọ ga-agbanwe iwu ya ma kwado ebe obibi ndị Israel na West Bank.<ref>{{Cite news|title=JNF's Israel-based board votes to allocate funding for West Bank land purchases|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-jnf-s-israel-based-board-votes-to-allocate-funding-for-west-bank-land-purchases-1.9569312|accessdate=2021-02-25|work=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jewish National Fund expands settlement influence towards West Bank – Middle East Monitor|date=18 February 2021|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210218-jewish-national-fund-expands-settlement-influence-towards-west-bank/|accessdate=2021-02-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a na-egbu oge ịtụ vootu dị mkpa nke bọọdụ ahụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi n'ọnwa Eprel mgbe mmegide sitere n'aka ndị otu na ndị na-akwado ya na mba ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/amid-growing-outcry-kkl-jnf-delays-controversial-vote-on-buying-west-bank-land/|title=Amid growing outcry, KKL-JNF delays controversial vote on buying West Bank land|first=Jacob|author=Magid|work=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> Ndị omeiwu Israel achọtala, n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma, ikwe ka onye na-ahụ maka steeti nyochaa akwụkwọ nke nzukọ ahụ iji chọpụta ma a na-emefu ego nke otu ahụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sterman|first=Adiv|title=Ministers shoot down bill for JNF transparency|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/ministers-shoot-down-bill-for-jnf-transparency/}}</ref> === Arụmụka iwu ịgbazite === [[Usòrò:Blueprint_Negev_planned_community.jpg|thumb|Obodo dị na Negev nke JNF guzobere n'okpuru mmemme Blueprint Negev]] [[Usòrò:Aminadav_Forest_1.jpg|thumb|Ọhịa Aminadav]] JNF kwuru na ọ bụ naanị ndị Juu nwere ike ịzụta, ịgbazite ma ọ bụ ịgbazite ala JNF. Nkeji edemede 23 nke nkwekọrịta JNF na-ekwu na onye na-akwụ ụgwọ ga-akwụ ụgwọ na JNF ma ọ bụrụ na emebie nkwekọrịta a.<ref>Lehn, W. 'The Jewish National Fund', in ''The Journal of Palestine Studies'' Vol:3(4) (1974)</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2004, Adalah, otu nzukọ na ụlọ ọrụ iwu maka ikike ndị Arab pere mpe n'Izrel, tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke akpọrọ "Mmachibido iwu maka ụmụ amaala Arab nke Israel ibi na ala ndị Juu.<ref>Supreme Court Petition: H.C. 9205/04, Adalah v. </ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Association for Civil Rights in Israel na Arab Center for Alternative Planning tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu na-ama iwu ILA aka dị ka ịkpa ókè.<ref>H.C. 9010/04, The Arab Center for Alternative Planning, et al. v. </ref> JNF zaghachiri arịrịọ abụọ ahụ na 9 Disemba. Na nzaghachi ya, JNF kwuru, sị: N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2005, onye ọka iwu Israel bụ Menachem Mazuz kpebiri na mgbochi ịgbazite mebiri iwu ndị Israel na-emegide ịkpa ókè, nakwa na ILA enweghị ike ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ amaala Arab nke Israel na ahịa na nkesa nke ala ọ na-achịkwa; nke a metụtara ma ala gọọmentị ma ala nke JNF. Otú ọ dị, Attorney General kpebikwara na, mgbe ọ bụla nwa amaala na-abụghị onye Juu meriri ILA maka ogige nke ala JNF, ILA ga-akwụ JNF ụgwọ otu ala. Nke a ga-eme ka JNF nọgide na-enwe ihe karịrị 2,500,000 dunams (2,500 km2) nke ala, ma ọ bụ 13% nke ala niile dị na Israel. N'ihi mkpebi Mazuz, ndị ọchịchị hụrụ onwe ha na-eche nsogbu ihu: n'otu akụkụ, JNF, dị ka nzukọ "onwe", natara onyinye sitere na mpụga Israel nke e wepụtara maka abamuru nke ndị Juu; n'aka nke ọzọ, steeti na ILA (ụlọ ọrụ steeti), nke na-elekọta ala nke JNF, machibidoro ịkpa ókè megide ndị na-abụghị ndị Juu. Na mbido afọ 2005, a kọrọ na JNF na Ministri Ego na-anwa idepụta nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ nke ga-ekewapụ JNF na steeti, si otú ahụ na-enye ya ohere ịga n'ihu na-ere ala naanị ndị Juu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jnf-treasury-seek-formula-for-continued-jews-only-land-sales-1.148521 |title=JNF, treasury seek formula for continued Jews-only land sales. |accessdate=2023-09-07 |archivedate=2015-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511041431/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jnf-treasury-seek-formula-for-continued-jews-only-land-sales-1.148521 }}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2007, Knesset nke Israel kwadoro ''iwu'' Jewish National Fund Bill, nke MK Uri Ariel (National Union / National Religious Party) nyere, na ọgụgụ mbụ ya; mana e mechara wepụ iwu ahụ. Iwu ahụ chọrọ inye ikike n'omume JNF nke ịjụ ịgbazite ala nye ụmụ amaala Arab.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Yoav Stern and Shahar Ilan|title=Bill allocating JNF land to Jews only passes preliminary reading|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/883536.html|publisher=Haaretz|date=July 19, 2007|accessdate=2007-07-30|archive-date=2010-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407094611/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/883536.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iwu ahụ kpọrọ oku maka ndokwa ọhụrụ na Iwu Nchịkwa Ala nke Israel nke ''1960'', nke akpọrọ "Nchịkwa nke Ala nke Jewish National Fund"; ndokwa ahụ kwuru na n'agbanyeghị mkpebi ndị ọzọ na-emegiderịta onwe ha, ịgbazite ala JNF maka obibi ndị Juu abụghị ịkpa ókè, na: "N'ihi ebumnuche nke iwu ọ bụla, a ga-akọwa akwụkwọ njikọ nke Jewish National Foundation dịka mkpebi nke ndị guzobere Jewish National Fund si dị na echiche nke ndị Zionist". N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2007, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nụrụ mkpesa ọzọ nke Adalah na-achọ ịkagbu iwu ILA yana Nkeji edemede 27 nke ''Iwu nke Ọrụ nke Tenders'', nke na-egbochi ụmụ amaala Arab isonye na bid maka ala JNF na-achịkwa. Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kwetara igbu oge ikpe site na ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwa anọ, e wee nweta nkwekọrịta nwa oge (na-agbaso nkwekọrịta nke Menachem Mazuz tụpụtara na 2005) ebe, ọ bụ ezie na a ga-egbochi JNF ịkpa ókè n'ihi agbụrụ, n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, oge ọ bụla a na-ere ala nye onye na-abụghị ndị Juu, ILA ga-akwụghachi ya ụgwọ ya na ala hà nhata, si otú a hụ na ngụkọta nke ala ndị Juu Israel nwere ka bụ otu.<ref name="Pfeffer"/> Atụmatụ ọzọ nke Amnon Rubinstein, onye bụbu minista, nyere aro ka e mee ọdịiche n'etiti ala JNF na ala steeti, nke mere na ala JNF niile e nwetara site na onyinye sitere na mba ọzọ kpọmkwem maka abamuru nke ndị Juu (ihe dị ka 900,000 dunams (900 km2)) ga-agafe na njikwa nke JNF; ebe ihe onwunwe ndị JNF zụrụ site na steeti na 1950s na nke bụbu nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Palestine (nke a na-akpọ "ala nke ndị na-efu efu" ma ọ bụ "ala" ga-anọghị" ga-achịkwa 2,000,000 km2) ga-achị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Amiram Barkat|title=Ex-minister Rubinstein: State should reclaim land given to JNF|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/ex-minister-rubinstein-state-should-reclaim-land-given-to-jnf-1.226146|work=Haaretz|date=2007-07-07|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108134632/http://www.haaretz.com/news/ex-minister-rubinstein-state-should-reclaim-land-given-to-jnf-1.226146|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebumnuche Rubinstein bụ "izere ịhapụ iwu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ [dị ka Ariel Bill] nke ga-egbochi ndị Juu iji ala ndị a eme ihe". Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ gọnahụrụ na Ariel Bill bụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Yitzhak Bam|title=A Mazuz bypass law|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/a-mazuz-bypass-law-1.226259|work=Haaretz|date=2007-07-26|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2015-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511041406/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/a-mazuz-bypass-law-1.226259|url-status=dead}}</ref> A nabataghị aro Rubinstein. Na ngwụcha afọ 2007, a tụụrụ aro nkwekọrịta mgbanwe ala nke ga-enye ohere ka JNF gaa n'ihu na-enye naanị ndị Juu ala ya. Ala Urban JNF rere n'ọdịnihu nye ndị na-abụghị ndị Juu ga-agụnye usoro mgbanwe na-akpaghị aka: ego ahụ ga-ebufe ala ahụ na ILA, na mgbanwe ga-enweta ọnụahịa ịzụta tinyere ogige yiri ya na Negev.<ref name="JNF-swap">{{Cite news|author=Shahar Ilan|title=Deal would have state, JNF swap 60,000 dunams|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/deal-would-have-state-jnf-swap-60-000-dunams-1.232133|work=Haaretz|date=2007-10-30|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924220632/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/deal-would-have-state-jnf-swap-60-000-dunams-1.232133|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Esemokwu Iwu === N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2011, Seth Morrison gbara arụkwaghịm na bọọdụ JNF-USA iji mee mkpesa maka mkpebi nke Himnuta, onye enyemaka nke JNF-KKL, ịmalite usoro ịchụpụ ezinụlọ Sumarin, ndị bi na Silwan nke East Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Haaretz and Nir Hasson|title=JNF board member resigns to protest eviction of East Jerusalem Palestinian family|url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jnf-board-member-resigns-to-protest-eviction-of-east-jerusalem-palestinian-family-1.401416|work=Haaretz|date=2011-12-14|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163223/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jnf-board-member-resigns-to-protest-eviction-of-east-jerusalem-palestinian-family-1.401416|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ihe banyere ezinụlọ Sumarin, a kwupụtara ụmụ nke onye nwe ya, Musa Sumarin, na-anọghị mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'agbanyeghị na e nwere ndị ọzọ bi n'ụlọ ahụ n'oge ahụ. N'afọ 1991, gọọmentị Israel mere ihe iji nyefee ihe onwunwe ahụ na JNF.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nir Hasson|title=Palestinian family given two weeks to vacate East Jerusalem home|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/palestinian-family-given-two-weeks-to-vacate-east-jerusalem-home-1.395590|work=Haaretz|date=2011-11-11|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2015-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126230242/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/palestinian-family-given-two-weeks-to-vacate-east-jerusalem-home-1.395590|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ndị rabaị maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, Sheikh Jarrah Solidarity Movement, na nzukọ ndị Juu Yachad malitere mkpọsa megide nchụpụ JNF.<ref name="delay">{{Cite news|author=Nir Hasson|title=JNF delays eviction of Palestinian family from East Jerusalem home|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jnf-delays-eviction-of-palestinian-family-from-east-jerusalem-home-1.397923|work=Haaretz|date=2011-11-27|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2015-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126104214/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jnf-delays-eviction-of-palestinian-family-from-east-jerusalem-home-1.397923|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Hannah Weisfeld|title=Eviction assaults Israel's values|url=http://www.thejc.com/comment-and-debate/comment/59935/eviction-assaults-israels-values|work=Jewish Chronicle|date=2011-12-09|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2012-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206092149/http://www.thejc.com/comment-and-debate/comment/59935/eviction-assaults-israels-values|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mmetụta ahụ mere ka JNF gbuo oge nchụpụ ahụ.<ref name="delay" /> JNF rụrụ ọrụ yiri nke ahụ n'ịchụpụ ezinụlọ Gozlan na 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1998/07/24/archive/jnf-seeks-to-reclaim-property-by-evicting-a-palestinian-family-3|title=JNF Seeks to Reclaim Property by Evicting a Palestinian Family|date=July 24, 1998}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Central Zionist Archives na Jerusalem. Nchịkọta nke Jewish National Fund (KKL1-KKL17) * Nchịkwa Ala nke Israel * Israel Land Authority * Ihe nrite Jewish National Fund Tree of Life * Ndepụta nke oké ọhịa na Israel * Ndepụta nke ndị natara Israel Prize * Òtù Na-achị Ndị Juu na Palestine == Ihe odide == {{Zionism}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Media related to Jewish National Fund at Wikimedia Commons * Official website (in English) * [http://www.jnf.org/ Alaka United States] * [http://savethenegev.org JNF-USA] v. KKL-JNF na Israel * [http://digifindingaids.cjh.org/?pID=3496773 Ntuziaka maka Jewish National Fund Records na Hadassah Archives on Long-term Deposit] at the American Jewish Historical Society * Central Zionist Archives na Jerusalem. Nchịkọta nke Jewish National Fund. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511221215/http://www.adalah.org/eng/jnf.php Ikpe nke Adalah] megide KKL-JNF * Intelligent Giving profaịlụ nke JNF Charitable Trust (UK) E debere Wayback Machine - Rịba ama na JNF-CT (UK) anaghịzi enwe njikọ na KKL-JNF * Joel H. Golovensky na Ariel Gilboa, "[http://azure.org.il/issues.php?id=47 Ala A Ka bụ Ala Anyị?] The Expropriation of Zionism", Azure 36 (Spring 2009). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080409162153/http://www.ameinu.net/news/newsarticles.php?newsid=152 Ameinu dere na-emegide iwu JNF 2007] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150222164043/http://www.palestineposterproject.org/publisher/jewish-national-fund Nchịkọta nke ihe ngosi nke Jewish National Fund] * [https://digipres.cjh.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE322151 ''Erez Israel''] ([https://digipres.cjh.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE322151 B70]), akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke Jewish National Fund, digitized na Leo Baeck Institute, New York (n'asụsụ German) {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3fyovgwl4urxsycwaohl4ydyvm3ejx3 0 30059 727840 721788 2026-09-25T06:27:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] James (Sakej) Youngblood Henderson (amụrụ n' afọ 1944) bụ onye ọka iwu n' ahụ maka [[Ikike mmadụ|ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]] n' ụwa niile, onye nkwado, n' onye nkuzi.<ref name="CWW">{{Cite web|title=Canadian Who's Who Biography - Mr. James (Sákéj) Youngblood Henderson, B.A., J.D., LL.D. (Hon.), F.R.S.C.|url=https://canadianwhoswho.ca/bio.php?id=6681|work=canadianwhoswho.ca|publisher=Canadian Who's Who Biography|accessdate=October 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="AMMSA">{{Cite web|author=Staff|first=Sage|title=Lawyer receives prestigious award|url=http://www.ammsa.com/publications/saskatchewan-sage/lawyer-receives-prestigious-award|work=Aboriginal Multimedia Society|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Brass|first=Mervin|title=Starlight Tours|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/aboriginals/starlighttours.html|accessdate=16 April 2015|date=2 July 2004}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == A mụrụ James Youngblood Henderson na ọnwa Disemba 20, 1944, na Ardmore, Oklahoma.<ref name="CWW"/> Ya bụ Chickasaw site na nna nna ya, ọ na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ nna nna Cheyenne.<ref name="AMMSA"/> Ọ nwere ịda ogbenye mgbe ọ na-etolite, nke kpaliri ya ime ka ịkwụsị ịda ogbenye maka ụmụ amaala niile bụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ ndụ.<ref name="TFL">{{Cite web|author=Orthner|first=Carmen Pauls|title=James (Sakej) Youngblood Henderson: havard-trained lawyer prefers to listen.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/James+(Sakej)+Youngblood+Henderson%3A+havard-trained+lawyer+prefers+to...-a0144298018|work=The Free Library|publisher=Windspeaker|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> Dịka nwa akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onyeisi oche nke American National Indian Youth Council, nke kpaliri ya ile Civil Rights Movement anya dị ka ihe nlereanya maka mmegharị nke ikike ụmụ amaala.<ref name="TFL"/> Ọ gara Harvard Law School, ebe n' afọ 1974 ọ ghọrọ otu n' ime ụmụ amaala America mbụ e nyere Juris Doctor.<ref name="FI">{{Cite web|title=James Youngblood Henderson Sákéj|url=https://www.fraserinstitute.org/author.aspx?id=15210&txID=3112|work=Fraser Institute|accessdate=16 April 2015|archivedate=27 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427124810/https://www.fraserinstitute.org/author.aspx?id=15210&txID=3112}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ onye nkuzi Mi'kmaq Marie Battiste ma bụrụ nna onye omeiwu Canada bụ Jaime Battiste.<ref name="AMMSA"/> N' afọ mbụ ya na Harvard Law School, Henderson mechara ikpe mbụ ya, nke o guzobeghachiri maka ezinụlọ nna ya ọtụtụ ikike iwu.<ref name="TFL"/> Kemgbe ahụ, Henderson arụwo ọrụ iji chebe ihe nketa na ọdịbendị ụmụ amaala site n' ụzọ iwu, na-arụkọ ọrụ na gọọmentị Canada, Mba Mi'kmaq, [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]], na gọọmentụ mba ndị ọzọ.<ref name="AMMSA"/> Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ kụziri iwu na Mahadum Stanford, Berkeley, Mahadum Harvard, na ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu ndị ọzọ dị na North America n' oge ọrụ ya.<ref name="TFL" /> A kpọtara Henderson na Canada na 1978 mgbe Grand Captain nke ndị Mi'kmaq gwara nwunye ya, Marie Battiste, ka ọ guzobe mmemme agụmakwụkwọ asụsụ abụọ na Nova Scotia.<ref name="TFL" /> Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere iso ndị Mi'kmaw Nation na-arụ ọrụ n' ịdepụta aha ala ha na ịnọchite anya ha n'usoro iwu ha.<ref name="TFL" /> N' agbata afọ 1978 na afọ 1983, Henderson sooro ndị Mi'kmaq Nation na Assembly of First Nations rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ iwu ma gaa n' ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ndị otu ndị a site n' usoro iwu na Canada ruo n' afọ 1993.<ref name="AMMSA" /><ref name="MA">{{Cite web|title=James (Sa'ke'j) Youngblood Henderson|url=http://mikmawarchives.ca/authors/james-sakej-youngblood-henderson|work=Mi'kmaw Archives|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="TFL" /> Ọkachamara ya n' ihe gbasara iwu ụmụ amaala mere ka Henderson rụọ ọrụ na kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke Canada, dịka onye otu Sectoral Commission on Culture, Communication, and Information of the Canadian Commission for UNESCO n' etiti afọ 2000 na 2010, yana dịka onye otu Experts Advisory Group on International Cultural Diversity.<ref name="AMMSA" /><ref name="MA" /><ref name="FI"/> Tụkwasị na nke a, Henderson rụrụ ọrụ iji chebe ikike ụmụ amaala n' oge nkwekọrịta Kelowna, na site na Four Directions Council, otu United Nations Non-Governmental Organization.<ref name="MA" /><ref name="TFL" /> N' oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, o nyere aka dee ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ iwu na ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-echebe ihe nketa, ọdịbendị, na ikike iwu, gụnyere [[Nkwupụta Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ụmụ Amaala|nkwupụta UN]] na ikike nke ndị nwe obodo.<ref name="MA" /> O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, isiokwu, na ihe odide ndị ọzọ gbasara iwu ụmụ amaala.<ref name="MA" /> Henderson na-arụ ọrụ na [[Kánada|Canada]] dị ka onye nduzi nyocha nke Native Law Centre na dị ka prọfesọ nke iwu ụmụ amaala na Mahadum Saskatchewan College of Law.<ref name="MA"/><ref name="Boston.com">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=DeNeen L.|title=Survivor exposes Saskatchewan police abuse of Indians|url=http://www.boston.com/news/world/articles/2003/11/23/survivor_exposes_saskatchewan_police_abuse_of_indians/|accessdate=16 April 2015|publisher=The Boston Globe|date=23 November 2003|archive-date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111634/http://www.boston.com/news/world/articles/2003/11/23/survivor_exposes_saskatchewan_police_abuse_of_indians/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Adam|first=Betty Ann|title=Anti-terrorism bill could violate rights, lawyers say|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/Anti+terrorism+bill+could+violate+rights+lawyers/10862209/story.html|accessdate=16 April 2015|publisher=The Vancouver Sun|date=4 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Pomedli|first=Michael|title=Living with Animals: Ojibwe Spirit Powers|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/Living+with+Animals+Ojibwe+Spirit+Powers/10708259/story.html|accessdate=16 April 2015|publisher=The Vancouver Sun|date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chwialkowska|first=Luiza|title=Attorney-general needed for aboriginals, expert says|url=http://www.fact.on.ca/newpaper/np990424.htm|accessdate=16 April 2015|publisher=National Post|date=24 April 1999}}</ref> Henderson enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na nsọpụrụ maka nkà ya na iwu mba ụwa na nraranye ya n' ịchụso ikpe ziri ezi maka ndị obodo, gụnyere onyinye nke Indigenous People's Council na 2005, onyinye National Aboriginal Achievement Award, ugbu a Indspire Award, maka Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi na 2006, na Honorary Doctorate of Law site na Mahadum Carleton na 2007.<ref name="MA"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Jean Teillet Awarded Indigenous Peoples’ Council Designation|url=http://www.metisnation.org/news--media/news/jean-teillet-awarded-indigenous-peoples%E2%80%99-council-designation|accessdate=2015-04-20|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111627/http://www.metisnation.org/news--media/news/jean-teillet-awarded-indigenous-peoples%E2%80%99-council-designation|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, a kpọrọ ya Fellow nke Royal Society of Canada na 2013.<ref name="MA" /> * ''A tụgharịrị'' Ọchịchị India (1974)<ref>{{Cite web|author=Henderson|first=James Youngblood|title=Indian Statehood Reconsidered|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JseHGwAACAAJ|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> * Tribal Administration of Natural Resource Development (1975) na Russel Lawrence Barsh<ref>{{Cite book|author=Henderson|first=James Youngblood|title=Tribal Administration of Natural Resource Development|date=1975|publisher=University of North Dakota School of Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISmKnQEACAAJ}}</ref> * The Road: Indian Tribes and Political Liberty (1982) na Russel Lawrence Barsh<ref>{{Cite book|author=Barsh|first=Russel Lawrence|title=The road : Indian tribes and political liberty|date=1982|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0520046366|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0520046366|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> * Mikmaq State Papers (1984) na ndị India Mik'maq, Russel Lawrence Barsh, na Bernie Francis<ref>{{Cite book|author=Henderson|first=James Youngblood|title=Mikmaq State Papers|date=1984|publisher=Mikmaq Grand Council|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51vHtgAACAAJ}}</ref> * ''Ihe Nketa Iwu nke Mba'' Mbụ (1991)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Henderson|first=James Youngblood|title=First Nations' Legal Inheritance|date=1991|publisher=Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXLAkQEACAAJ|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> * ''Nkwekọrịta Míkmaw'' (1997)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Henderson|first=James (Sákéj) Youngblood|title=The Míkmaw Concordat|date=1997|publisher=Fernwood|location=Halifax, N.S.|isbn=1895686806|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1895686806|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=LeBlanc|first=Abbie|date=2023|title=The Míkmaw Concordat : Rethinking Treaty Making between Indigenous Peoples and Settlers|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajps.12823|journal=American Journal of Political Science|language=en|doi=10.1111/ajps.12823|issn=0092-5853}}</ref> * Aboriginal ''Oge'' na Iwu nke Canada (2000) na Marjorie Lynne Benson na Isobel Findlay<ref>{{Cite book|author=Henderson|first=James (Sakej) Youngblood|title=Aboriginal tenure in the Constitution of Canada|date=2000|publisher=Carswell|location=Scarborough, Ont.|isbn=0459239368|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0459239368|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> * ''Ikpe nke Aborigine Na-echebe Ihe Nketa nke Aborigine'' (2002)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Henderson|first=James Youngblood|title=Aboriginal Jurisprudences Protects Aboriginal Heritages|date=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXlZkgAACAAJ|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> * ''Ikike Nkwekọrịta na Iwu'' nke Canada (2007)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Henderson|first=James (Sʼakʼej) Youngblood|title=Treaty Rights in the Constitution of Canada|date=2007|publisher=Thomson Carswell|location=Toronto|isbn=0779813227|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0779813227|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref> {{Reflist}} * "James (Sakej) Youngblood Henderson". Ebe obibi Banff. N.p., n.d. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ 16 Apr. 2015. * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20191028112554/http://www.usask.ca/nativelaw/staff/sakej-henderson.php <nowiki>James [Sákéj]</nowiki>] Youngblood Henderson". Native Law Center. Mahadum nke Saskatchewan, n.d. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ 16 Apr. 2015. * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220525195312/http://www.silverbuffalo.org/NAA-Henderson.html <nowiki>JAMES [SÁKÉJ]</nowiki>] YOUNGBLOOD HENDERSON". Native Science Academy. N.p., n.d. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ 16 Apr. 2015. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1b7l97krsn3rfdpfeb3jb9jplqay2qx 0 30094 727669 725781 2026-09-24T17:40:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727669 wikitext text/x-wiki   <ref>{{Cite web|title=Telecoms 150 2021 {{!}} The Annual Brand Value Ranking {{!}} Brandirectory|url=https://brandirectory.com/rankings/telecoms/|accessdate=2022-01-23|work=brandirectory.com|language=en}}</ref>Emirates Telecommunications Group Company PJSC, na-azụ ahịa dị ka etisalat site e& bụ onye na-eweta ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba dị iche iche nke Emirati, na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na mba 16 gafee Eshia, Middle East, na Africa.  Ọ bụ onye ọrụ netwọk ekwentị mkpanaaka nke iri na asatọ n'ụwa site na ọnụọgụ ndị debanyere aha.  Na Disemba 2020, Etisalat kwuru na ọ na-eweta ọsọ nbudata 5G kacha ọsọ n'ụwa na 9.1 Gigabits kwa nkeji, netwọkụ malitere na Dubai kemgbe 2017.[1]  Etisalat bụ otu n'ime ụdị kachasị ike na Middle East na Africa yana otu n'ime akara ekwentị kacha sie ike n'ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Arabian Post Feature|url=https://thearabianpost.com/etisalat-reports-aed-13b-revenues-for-qi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503052259/https://thearabianpost.com/etisalat-reports-aed-13b-revenues-for-qi/|archivedate=3 May 2023|accessdate=3 May 2023}}</ref>Na Mee 2023, Etisalat kọrọ ego ha ime nke Ozi AED 13 maka Q1. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Etisalat launches first commercial 5G network in MENA|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/telecom/etisalat-launches-first-commercial-5g-network-in-mena|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411114237/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/telecom/etisalat-launches-first-commercial-5g-network-in-mena|archivedate=11 April 2022|accessdate=11 April 2022|work=Khaleej Times|language=en}}</ref>Etisalat bụ otu n'ime ebe ịntanetị dị na Middle East ( AS 8966), na-enye ikike na ndị ọrụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ.  Ọ bụkwa ndị kasị ibu nke okporo ụzọ olu mba ụwa na Middle East na Africa na 12th kasị ibu olu n'ụwa.  [1] N'ihe dị ka Ọktoba 2008, Etisalat nwere ihe onyonyo 510 na-ekpuchi mba 186 ma na-enyere BlackBerry, 3G, GPRS na eserese olu.  [2] Etisalat na-arụ ọrụ Points of Presence (PoP) na New York, London, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Paris na Singapore.  Na Disemba 2011 Etisalat ime azụmahịa nke Etisalat 4G LTE Network.  [3] Na Mee 2018 Etisalat mmekọahụ nke Etisalat 5G LTE Network, na-aghọ onye ọrụ telecom mbụ na Middle East na North Africa (MENA) mpaghara ime ya == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Etisalat ntọala na 1976 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-akpa nkata n'etiti International Aeradio Limited, ụlọ ọrụ Britain, na ndị mmekọ obodo.  N'afọ 1983, usoro nwe ya oriri - United Arab Emirates nwere òkè 60% na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 40% IV bụ ndị a na-ere ahuhu n'ihu ọha. N'afọ 1991, otu etiti UAE nyere iwu Federal Iwu No. 1, nke nyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ikike ọrụ wired na ikuku na mba na n'etiti UAE na mba ndị ọzọ.  O ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ikike ịnya mkpuchi maka, mbubata, arịa, iji, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ngwa nzi ozi.  Nke a nyere Etisalat ma ikike ụmụaka yana njikwa, nke mezuru ikike nke nnukwu telecom na UAE.  Iji chebe akụ na ọnọdụ obodo, iwu ahụ mere ndokwa maka ngalaba iwu na mba ahụ.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>[ a nkịtị ] . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Etisalad to sponsor Anorthosis Famagusta|url=http://www.anorthosis.com/news/4107|publisher=Anorthosis Famagusta official website|date=25 November 2013|accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>Mmụba nke ahịrị site na 36,000 na 1976 ruo ihe ọmụmụ 737,000 na 1998 bụ otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa na-egosi uto na-egosi mmetụta Etisalat.  Taa Etisalat guzo 140th n'etiti Financial Times Top 500 Corporations n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara isi akara aha, ma akwụkwọ Middle East na-jiri dị ka ụlọ ọrụ 6th kasị ukwuu na Middle East n'ihe gbasara ego na ego ha  ike .  Onye ọrụ ahụ bụ onye kacha enye aka na mpaghara mpaghara na mmemme nke mmemme etiti UAE.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>Etisalat enwetala mpaghara niile maka mmemme ịweta mba.  [1] Na Nọvemba 2013, a mara ọkwa na Etisalat ga-abụ onye nkwado nke Saịprọs First Division nke Anorthosis Famagusta [[Usòrò:Dubai_UAE_1301200712681.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ekwentị enyi na-ahụ Etisalat na Dubai .]] e& bụ isi na Abu Dhabi ma gụnye ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara atọ - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, na Northern Emirates.  Ebe etiti mpaghara Northern Emirates dabere na Sharjah ma ọrụ telecom na emirates nke Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah na Ras Al Khaimah . Na UAE, e& na-arụ ọrụ ebe ntinye mkpanaka dịlarị n'etiti ndị kachasị elu n'ụwa "200%", <ref>{{Cite web|author=Motorola il iDEN|url=http://www.intomobile.com/2010/01/03/uae-hits-200-mobile-penetration-rate/|title=UAE hits 200% mobile penetration rate|publisher=Intomobile.com|date=3 January 2010|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305053845/http://www.intomobile.com/2010/01/03/uae-hits-200-mobile-penetration-rate/|archivedate=5 March 2012}}</ref> Etisalat bịara mara maka mbọ ọ gbara iji wepụta netwọkụ Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH) na UAE. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2009, Etisalat emechaala akwụkwọ mpịakọta FTTH maka 85% nke ezinụlọ na Abu Dhabi, na-edobe isi obodo UAE dị ka nke mbụ n'ụwa ejiri eriri kpuchie ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/business/general/etisalat-fibre-optic-network-to-top-dh5b-1.525620|title=etisalat fibre-optic network to top Dh5b|work=Gulf News|date=10 November 2009|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731085322/http://gulfnews.com/business/general/etisalat-fibre-optic-network-to-top-dh5b-1.525620|archivedate=31 July 2013}}</ref> * Ịnweta ịntanetị 3G Mobile Ịnweta ịntanetị nke 4G [1] Internet brọdband (Al Shamil [2] na eLife [3] ) Nnweta ịntanetị paịk ​​muekgoro na mgbe akirichara anya egwu egwuregwu igwe ojii na egwuregwu ya na GamestreamỊnweta ịntanetị 3G Mobile * Ịnweta ịntanetị nke mkpanaka 4G <ref name="dubaiblog.it">{{Cite web|title=Apple's iPad 3 is incompatible with the Middle East 4G|url=http://www.dubaiblog.it/index.php/2012/03/29/dubai-blog-apples-ipad-3-is-incompatible-with-the-middle-east-4g/|publisher=dubaiblog.it|accessdate=29 March 2012|date=29 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316111322/http://www.dubaiblog.it/index.php/2012/03/29/dubai-blog-apples-ipad-3-is-incompatible-with-the-middle-east-4g/|archivedate=16 March 2014}}</ref> * Ọrụ [[Broadband|ịntanetị brọdband]] (Al Shamil <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&type=service&contentid=855d1755596a8110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&currentid=875059ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____|title=Al Shamil – Broadband Internet for Home|publisher=Etisalat.ae|accessdate=14 November 2011|archivedate=5 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805075320/https://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&type=service&contentid=855d1755596a8110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&currentid=875059ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____}}</ref> na eLife <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&type=service&contentid=ae0b7ea64789c110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&currentid=669f59ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____|title=eLife – Double Play|work=etisalat|accessdate=24 June 2010|archivedate=5 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805075423/https://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&type=service&contentid=ae0b7ea64789c110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&currentid=669f59ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____}}</ref> ) * Nnweta ịntanetị akwụgoro akwụgoro na mgbe akwụchara ụgwọ * Ọrụ egwuregwu igwe ojii na mmekorita ya na Gamestream <ref>{{Cite web|title=Etisalat launches UAE's first cloud gaming service {{!}} Gamestream|url=https://gamestream.biz/events/etisalat-launches-uaes-first-cloud-gaming-service|accessdate=27 August 2020|work=gamestream.biz}}</ref> e& na-arụkwa ọrụ iZone, mara Wi-Fi hotspot na etiti ebe, dị ka nnukwu ụlọ, ụlọ nri, na cafes sheesha .  Enwere ike ime iZone site na edemede múaeka ime ma ọ bụ iji akaụntụ dị adị.  A na-ikwenye oku oku oku na ịntanetị ISDN n'otu elekere, ebe eriri ụlọ na ebe obibi na DSL nwere ike ịnwanwa dabere na ọsọ.  ịntanetị ndị ọzọ, nke ezubere maka ndị na-azụ ndị na-anya, nwere ikike okporo ojiji ụzọ yana ịdị oke elu mgbe ị na-agafe oke bandwit ekenyere.  Nke a butere Etisalat mgbasa ozi ma ifkwa isi ihe na-akatọ ya.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>[ a nkịtị ] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Etisalat appoints Hatem Dowidar as its new group CEO|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/technology/etisalat-appoints-hatem-dowidar-as-its-new-group-ceo-1.1129883|accessdate=2021-01-03|work=The National|date=16 December 2020|language=en}}</ref>Etisalat bụ nnukwu onye na-etinye ego na Thuraya (34.5%), [1] onye na-eweta ikike geo-mobile nke satịlaịtị.  N'afọ 2006 Etisalat malitere mmemme nrụzigharị bụ nke isi butere mwepu nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ya na-enweta isi nke na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru njikwa nke telecom na etiti;  Ejikọkwaara ma mekwaa ọrụ ndị bụ isi, na-ama ngbanwe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na telecom nke ike na- ike gaa na ndị na-eweta ọrụ lekwasịrị anya ndị ọrụ.  [2] Dị ka nke mmemme ahụ, Etisalat mgbasa mgbasa ozi re-branding, na- akara akara ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na Mee 2006. Nhazi nke ahụ mechiri na nke Etisalat Services Holding LLC, nke dịka nke 2008 na-ahụ maka  ọrụ nke ngalaba Etisalat na-azụ telecom nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma.  Na 27 Ma ihe 2016, a na-achọpụta Saleh Al Abdooli onye isi otu, na- ọrụ ya na ọrụ mba ụwa.  [3] Al Abdooli gbara arụkwaghịm na ụlọ ahụ bụ onye mechara kwenye dị ka onye isi otu na ọ bụrụ onye isi otu na  16 Wepụ 2020 == Ọnụnọ mba ụwa == Etisalat International Investments bụ ngalaba azụmaahịa nke Etisalat na-arụ ọrụ telecom na mpụga [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] ma jikwaa oke ụlọ ọrụ na ndị na-ebu ekwentị na Afghanistan, [[Egypt]], [[Niger]], Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka na Pakistan . Emezigharịrị ngalaba ntinye ego mba ụwa, yana ndị otu njikwa ya ka ọ bụrụ Etisalat Group, a họpụtara Ahmad Abdulkarim Julfar ka onye isi otu na 2011, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Etisalat Group 2012 Annual Report|url=http://www.etisalat.com/en/presentation/management-team.html|work=etisalat.com|accessdate=12 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113052200/http://www.etisalat.com/en/presentation/management-team.html|archivedate=13 January 2017}}</ref> sochiri Saleh Al Abdooli na 2016. Dị ka nke 2023, Etisalat nwere 14.6% na Vodafone Group otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta Europe. Etisalat nwekwara oke na PPF Group nwere pasenti 50% nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe dị ka onye na-eweta ekwentị. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kerr|first=Simeon|date=2023-04-25|title=UAE investment group increases Vodafone stake amid scrutiny of board structure|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0a1cec8f-d648-44d6-b94e-a8454a663eaa|accessdate=2023-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-01|title=e& buys into PPF Group's CEE telco assets|url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2023/08/01/e-buys-into-ppf-groups-cee-telco-assets/|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Broadband TV News|language=en-GB}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f7f8ff; font-size:95%; border:gray solid 1px;" !Obodo ! Onye ọrụ |- |</img> United Arab Emirates | Etisalat sitere na e& |- |</img> Saudi Arabia | Mobile |- |</img> Egypt | Etisalat nke e&amp;amp; - Egypt |- |</img> Pakistan | ptcl, Ufone, [[Onic]] |- |</img> Algeria | [[Etisalat Algeria|Etisalat]] |- |</img> Afghanistan | Etisalat Afghanistan |- |</img> Benin | Moov |- |</img> Burkina Faso | Moov |- |</img> Central African Republic | Moov |- |</img> Côte d'Ivoire | Moov |- |</img> Gabon | Moov |- |</img> Mali | [[Sotelma]] |- |</img> Mauritania | [[Mauritel]] |- |</img> Morocco | Ụlọ ọrụ Maroc Telecom |- |</img> Niger | Moov |- |</img> Togo | Moov |- |</img> Chad | Moov |} === Mobily - Saudi Arabia === Otu n'ime mmetụta ego mbụ Etisalat si mba ụwa bụ nke ịbụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke abụọ na Saudi Arabia.  Mobily, aha ika Etihad Etisalat ntọala ntọala na 2005 bụ ugbu a nke abụọ na-eweta ọrụ na Saudi Arabia na ndị debanyere aha nde 20. N'ihe na-ọkpara 6 ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ọrụ na obodo 32, Mobily na-  eweta nsogbu na nsogbu 79.2 nke ndị bi na ya.  Mobily bụkwa onye mbụ wulitere obere 3G kacha ọsọ n'ime obere oge n'Alaeze ahụ.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>[ a nkịtị ] === Maroc Telecom – Morocco === Na Julaị 2013, Vivendi Were na ọ ga-eresị 53% ya na Maroc Telecom na Etisalat [1] maka ihe dị ka ihie $5.7.  [2] Maroc Telecom sonyeere Etisalat Group na 2014 na-enye Digirin na ọrụ telecom na ICT egwu ahịrị edobere, egwu, ịntanetị na egwu.  Ndị ọrụ telecom bụ onye ọrụ telecom mbụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na Morocco.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>[ a nkịtị ] === PTCL - Pakistan === Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd ( ptcl ) bụ ụgbọ elu telecom ọtụtụ ọrụ na ihu nke obi nke obodo.  Etisalat matsayin PTCL na 2005 yana nzukọ 26 njikwa njikwa sitere na Gọọmenti Pakistan dị ka nke nnukwu nna ịwepu onwe ya.  PTCL na-eduga mba ahụ na ndebanye aha brọdband, yana ihe nna nde 1.3 n'ime obodo 200 ka ha na-anụ ndị ririụ fiber optic siri ike nke na-enye mmanya diẹ ebe 550 n'ofe mba ahụ.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>[ a nkịtị ] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/technology/feeds/afx/2006/09/14/afx3016264.html|work=Forbes|title=China's Huawei, Sweden's Ericsson to build Egypt's 3rd mobile network – report|archive-date=2008-01-19|access-date=2023-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119123604/http://www.forbes.com/technology/feeds/afx/2006/09/14/afx3016264.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>N'nana Julaị 2006, e nyere ndị otu Etisalat na-edu ikike imepe nke nke Egypt nke atọ, na-enweta mmeri nke £ 16.7 (EUR 2.29 ihie euro).  [1] The venture, Etisalat site e& - Egypt, nche na ndị na-enye ọrụ Vodafone na Orange .  Na 12 September 2006, a mara ọkwa na Ericsson nke Sweden na Huawei nke China ga-ewu ahụ, na ọnụ ahịa ihe ruru US $ 1.2.  [2] Netwọk Etisalat Egypt na-ekpuchi ma na-eje ozi ihe karịrị 99% nke ndị bi na Egypt, site na ihe karịrị ọdụ ụgbọ ala 6,000, Etisalat Egypt bụ onye izizi bidoro 3.75G na Egypt na onye ọrụ izizi bidoro ọrụ oku vidiyo na [[Egypt]] . Onye ọrụ ahụ ghọrọ onye na-eweta ọrụ nkwukọrịta na-eto ngwa ngwa na mba ahụ. Etisalat Afghanistan etinyela ihe karịrị nde US $ 300 na ụlọ ọrụ telecom nke Afghanistan, yana Etisalat Group nwe ya kpamkpam. Na 2012, Etisalat meriri ikike 3G na Afghanistan wee malite ọrụ 3G mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afghanistan. Etisalat na-ekerịta ụlọ elu mkpanaka 60 ruo 70 na gọọmentị nwere Afghan Telecom, nke na-achọ itolite oke ahịa ya pasent ise. <ref>[https://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/afghan-telecom-relying-on-etisalat-to-grow-market-share-1.774119 "Afghan Telecom relying on Etisalat to grow market share" by Alkesh Sharma Sept. 26, 2018.]</ref> [[Mauritel]] bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kachasị na Mauritania. Mauritel na-ekwusi ike na oke ahịa kwụsiri ike na ihe dịka 60% nke ndị bi na ya. Ụlọ ọrụ Telecommunications Mauritania (Mauritel) [[Mauritel]], nke bụ 41.2% nke Maroc Telecom nke Morocco nwere na-apụtaghị ìhè, ewepụtala ikike ekwentị mkpanaka ya na mba Africa ruo afọ iri ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2015/02/13/mauritel-granted-ten-year-mobile-licence-extension|title=Mauritel granted ten-year mobile licence extension|work=telegeography.com|accessdate=2023-09-14|archivedate=2016-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529085332/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2015/02/13/mauritel-granted-ten-year-mobile-licence-extension/}}</ref> === Sotelma - Mali ===   Gọọmenti rere nke mbụ telco Sotelma (akara Malitel) wee nọrọ n'aka Maroc Telecom. Site na ire Maroc Telecom, ikike ya gafere Etisalat. Sotelma na-enye ekwentị, ịntanetị, ekwentị mkpanaaka na ọrụ ekwentị ndị ọzọ. Enyemaka ọrụ mkpanaka ya bụ Malitel, yana ndị ahịa karịrị nde isii. === Moov - West Africa === LmkN'Africa, Etisalat nwetara 50% nke mbak Atlantique Telecom na Eprel 2005. Dabere na Ivory Coast, AT nwere ndị ọrụ ekwentị na [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], [[Niger]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Gabon]] na [[Côte d'Ivoire]] . Na 2007, Etisalat mụbara mbak ya na AT ruo 70% na ọzọ na Mee 2008, ruo 82%. Etisalat Group's brand MOOV na-arụ ọrụ na West Africa dum, na [[Benin]], [[Togo]], [[Gabon]], [[Niger]], Central Africa, [[Burkina Faso]] (dị ka ONATEL) na [[Côte d'Ivoire]], na-eje ozi ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 50. MOOV na-ekpuchi na nkezi 60% nke ebe ndị mmadụ bi na obodo ọ bụla a na-arụ ọrụ. Etisalat bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmekọ ntọala nke Canar Telecom, onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ telecom na-akwụghị ụgwọ. Na Septemba 2007 Etisalat ebulila oke ya na Canar site na 37% ruo 82% n'ọnụ ọnụ ahịa AED 584.17 nde (US $ 159 nde). <ref name="zawya.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zawya.com/cm/profile.cfm/cid334652|title=Emirates Telecommunications Corporation in United Arab Emirates, Etisalat|publisher=Zawya|accessdate=14 November 2011}}</ref> Ewepụtara Canar na 27 Nọvemba 2005. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canar.sd/press-release-launches.html|title=:: Canar ::|publisher=Canar.sd|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121161631/http://canar.sd/press-release-launches.html|archivedate=21 November 2011}}</ref> A kọrọ na onye ọrụ na-eji teknụzụ NGN na Ikuku Local Loop (WLL) maka olu ya, data, ịntanetị na ọrụ mgbasa ozi. Canar bụ otu n'ime ndị ọrụ izizi n'Afrịka jiri isi netwọkụ NGN. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canar.sd/canar-profile.html|title=:: Canar ::|publisher=Canar.sd|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130211910/http://www.canar.sd/canar-profile.html|archivedate=30 November 2011}}</ref> Na 2016, Etisalat si n'ahịa Sudan pụọ site na ire 92.3% ya na Bank of Khartoum maka nde AED349.6. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2016/06/15/etisalat-sells-92-stake-in-sudanese-telco-canar-to-bank-of-khartoum/|title=Etisalat sells 92% stake in Sudanese telco Canar to Bank of Khartoum|work=telegeography.com|accessdate=2023-09-14|archivedate=2016-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023050759/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2016/06/15/etisalat-sells-92-stake-in-sudanese-telco-canar-to-bank-of-khartoum/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article59287|title=Etisalat Group sells stakes in Sudan's Canar to Bank of Khartoum|work=Sudan Tribune|accessdate=2023-09-14|archivedate=2020-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731021645/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article59287}}</ref> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t8b4gnkpw2t8timecmw8vv9z8olt5ma 0 30106 727802 697538 2026-09-25T03:19:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727802 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Gen pulitzer.jpg|thumb|Gen pulitzer]]   '''Ihe nrite Pulitzer''' (/ˈpʊlɪtsər/) bụ ihe nrite nke Mahadum Columbia na-enye maka ihe ndị a rụzuru na akwụkwọ akụkọ, magazin, akwụkwọ akụkọ n'ịntanetị, akwụkwọ, na egwu egwu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]. E guzobere ya na 1917 site na ndokwa dị na testament nke Joseph Pulitzer, onye nwetara akụ na ụba ya dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ.<ref name="history">{{Cite web|author=Topping|first=Seymour|title=History of The Pulitzer Prizes|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/historyofprizes|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=September 13, 2011|authorlink=Seymour Topping|year=2008}} Updated 2013 by Sig Gissler.</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, a na-enye onyinye kwa afọ na ụdị iri abụọ na atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pulitzer Prize Board Announces New Book Category|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/news/pulitzer-prize-board-announces-new-book-category#:~:text=The%20new%20Pulitzer%20Prize%20category,the%20original%20Pulitzer%20Prize%20categories|work=Pulitzer}}</ref> Na iri abụọ na abụọ n'ime ụdị, onye mmeri ọ bụla na-enweta asambodo na onyinye ego US $ 15,000 (nke sitere na $ 10,000 na 2017).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pulitzer Board raises prize award to $15,000|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/news/pulitzer-board-raises-prize-award-15000|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=January 13, 2017|date=January 3, 2017}}</ref> A na-enye onye mmeri na ngalaba ọrụ ọha na eze ihe nrite ọla edo.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Topping|first=Seymour|authorlink=Seymour Topping|year=2008|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/page/administration-prizes|title=Administration|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=January 31, 2013}} Updated 2013 by Sig Gissler.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/theMedal|title=The Medal|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=January 31, 2013}}</ref> == Ntinye na ihe nrite == [[Usòrò:Lee_C._Bollinger_awarding_the_2003_Pulitzer_Prize_to_Jeffrey_Eugenides.jpg|thumb|Onye isi ala Columbia Lee Bollinger nyere Jeffrey Eugenides 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.]] Ihe nrite Pulitzer anaghị atụle ọrụ niile dị na mgbasa ozi, mana ọ bụ naanị ndị a na-etinye kpọmkwem. (Ntinye ọ bụla ga-esonyere ụgwọ ọrụ $ 75.) Ntinye ga-adaba na ọ dịkarịa ala otu n'ime ụdị ihe nrite a kapịrị ọnụ, ọ pụghịkwa inweta ohere maka ịbụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ egwu. A pụkwara itinye ọrụ naanị n'ụdị abụọ, n'agbanyeghị ihe onwunwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/files/entryforms/jentformnobutton.pdf|title=Entry Form for a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=2023-09-15|archivedate=2017-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215054814/http://www.pulitzer.org/files/entryforms/jentformnobutton.pdf}}</ref> Kwa afọ, ihe karịrị 100 ndị ọka ikpe na-ahọrọ site na Pulitzer Prize Board ka ha rụọ ọrụ na 22 dị iche iche ndị ọka ikpe maka ụdị onyinye iri abụọ na atọ; otu ndị ọka ikpe ahụ na-atụ aro maka onyinye foto abụọ ahụ. Ọtụtụ ndị ọka ikpe nwere ndị otu ise, ma e wezụga ndị maka Ọrụ Ọha, Nnyocha Akụkọ, Nkọwa Akụkọ, Ihe odide, Nkọwarị na Akụkọ Akụrụngwa, nke nwere ndị otu asaa; Otú ọ dị, ndị ọka ikpe akwụkwọ niile nwere ndị otu mitano.<ref name="history"/> Maka ụdị onyinye ọ bụla, ndị ọka ikpe na-eme nhọpụta atọ. Kọmitii ahụ na-ahọrọ onye mmeri site na votu ka ukwuu site na nhọpụta, ma ọ bụ na-agafe nhọpụta ma họrọ ntinye dị iche na-esote votu ka ukwuu nke pasent 75. Kọmitii ahụ nwekwara ike ịtụ vootu ka ọ ghara inye onyinye ọ bụla. A naghị akwụ ndị ọka ikpe na ndị nta akụkọ ụgwọ maka ọrụ ha; Otú ọ dị, ndị ọka ikpe n'akwụkwọ ozi, egwu, na ihe nkiri na-enweta honoraria maka afọ ahụ.<ref name="history" /> === Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị na-abanye na ndị a họpụtara na njedebe === A na-akpọ onye ọ bụla e nyere ọrụ ya ''onye na-abanye''. Ndị ọka ikpe na-ahọrọ otu ''ndị a họpụtara'' ma kwupụta ha, tinyere onye mmeri maka ụdị ọ bụla. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ na ndị edemede bụ ndị e debere naanị, mana a họpụtabeghị ha dị ka ndị ikpeazụ, ka na-azọrọ na ha bụ ndị a họpụtara Pulitzer na ihe nkwalite. Kọmitii Pulitzer dọrọ ndị sonyere aka na ntị ka ha ghara ịsị na ha bụ ndị a họpụtara. Akụkụ Ajụjụ A Na-ajụkarị Ajụjụ nke Pulitzer Prize na-akọwa iwu ha dị ka ndị a: "Ndị Nominating Juries na-ahọrọ ndị Finalists maka ụdị ọ bụla dị ka ndị ikpeazụ na asọmpi ahụ. Kọmitii Pulitzer Prize na-ahọrọ ndị mmeri Pulitzer n'ozuzu ha site na ndị ikpeazụ atọ a họpụtara na nke ọ bụla. A mara ọkwa aha ndị a họpụtara na njedebe naanị kemgbe afọ 1980. A na-akpọ ọrụ nke e nyefere maka ịtụle ihe nrite ma a họrọghị ya dị ka onye ikpeazụ a họpụtara ma ọ bụ onye mmeri ntinye ma ọ bụ ntinye. Enweghị ozi gbasara ndị batara. Kemgbe afọ 1980, mgbe anyị malitere ịkpọsa ndị a họpụtara na ngwụcha, anyị ejirila okwu 'onye a họpụtara' maka ndị sonyere bụ ndị ghọrọ ndị ikpeazụ. Anyị na-akụda mmadụ ume na ọ bụ 'onye a họpụtara' maka Pulitzer naanị n'ihi na e zigara anyị ederede.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/page/frequently-asked-questions|title=Frequently Asked Questions|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=May 7, 2019|archivedate=November 18, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118035305/https://www.pulitzer.org/page/frequently-asked-questions}}</ref> Bill Dedman nke NBC News, onye natara ihe nrite akụkọ nyocha nke afọ 1989, kwuru na 2012 na a kọwara onye nta akụkọ ego Betty Liu dị ka "Pulitzer Prize-Nominated" na mgbasa ozi Bloomberg Television ya na jaket nke akwụkwọ ya, ebe onye edemede National Review Jonah Goldberg kwuru ihe yiri nke ahụ banyere "Pulitzar nomination" iji kwalite akwụkwọ ya. Dedman dere, "Ịkpọ akwụkwọ ahụ Pulitzer 'nomination' dị ka ikwu na [[Adam Sandler]] bụ onye a họpụtara na Oscar ma ọ bụrụ na Columbia Pictures abanye That's My Boy na Academy Awards. Ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-achọpụta na Oscars anaghị arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị otú ahụ - ụlọ ọrụ anaghị ahọrọ ndị a họpụtara. Ọ bụ naanị ụzọ isi tinye 'Academy Awards' n'ime akụkọ ndụ. Ndị Pulitzers anaghị arụkwa ọrụ n'ụzọ ahụ, mana mmadụ ole na ole maara nke ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/journalists-please-stop-saying-were-pulitzer-prize-nominated-143519830--finance.html|title=Journalists, Please Stop Saying You Were 'Pulitzer Prize-Nominated'|work=What Matters Now|publisher=The Atlantic Wire|first=Alexander|author=Abad-Santos|date=June 26, 2012}}</ref> N'aha, a na-enye Pulitzer Prize for Public Service naanị ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ, ọ bụghị ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. N'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, a na-ahọpụta ndị na-enye aka na ntinye ahụ n'ụzọ yiri nke ndị mmeri n'otu n'otu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 2000 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Public Service: The Washington Post, notably for the work of Katherine Boo|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/washington-post-notably-work-katherine-boo|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 1996 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Public Service: The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), for the work of Melanie Sill, Pat Stith and Joby Warrick|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/news-observer-raleigh-nc-work-melanie-sill-pat-stith-and-joby-warrick|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}</ref> Enwere ike inye ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ onyinye; mgbe niile, ndị ọrụ na-enye onyinye na-egosikwa ọrụ nke ndị na-enye aka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 2009 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Local Reporting: Detroit Free Press Staff, and notably Jim Schaefer and M.L. Elrick|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/detroit-free-press-staff-and-notably-jim-schaefer-and-ml-elrick|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:PupinPulitzer.gif|thumb|asambodo Pulitzer Prize nke Mihajlo Pupin, nke e ji mee ihe na diplọma Mahadum Columbia]] Onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Joseph Pulitzer nyere Mahadum Columbia ego n'ọchịchọ ya iji malite ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ma guzobe Pulitzer Prize. O nyere $ 250,000 maka ihe nrite na agụmakwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Morris|first=James McGrath|title=Pulitzer: A Life in Politics, Print, and Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MgT-H8dKBg8C|accessdate=Sep 12, 2011|year=2010|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-06-079870-3}}</ref> O kwuru "ihe nrite anọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ, anọ na akwụkwọ ozi na ihe nkiri, otu na agụmakwụkwọ, na agụmakọta anọ na-agagharị agagharị".<ref name="history"/> Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na October 29, 1911, e nyere Pulitzer Prizes mbụ na June 4, 1917 (a mara ọkwa ha ugbu a na April). The ''Chicago Tribune'' n'okpuru nchịkwa nke Colonel Robert R. McCormick chere na Pulitzer Prize abụghị ihe ọzọ karịa 'òtù na-enwe mmasị' ma ọ bụghị ka a na-ewere ya n'ụzọ siri ike; akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ jụrụ ịsọ mpi maka ihe nrite ahụ n'oge McCormick nọ n'ọkwa ruo 1961.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-06-08-9706300098-story.html|title=A Parade of Pulitzers|first=Patrick T.|author=Reardon|date=June 8, 1997|accessdate=April 27, 2013|work=Chicago Tribune|quote=for more than two decades [...] the Tribune refused to compete for the awards.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Colonel and the Lady|first=Joseph|author=Epstein|authorlink=Joseph Epstein (writer)|date=August 1997|work=[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]|url=http://shmacek.faculty.noctrl.edu/Courses/ChicagoMedia/McCormick%20and%20Graham.pdf|quote=He viewed the Pulitzer Prize as a 'mutual admiration society,' and hence not to be taken seriously.|accessdate=2023-09-15|archivedate=2013-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606094757/http://shmacek.faculty.noctrl.edu/Courses/ChicagoMedia/McCormick%20and%20Graham.pdf}}</ref> == Ndị natara ya ==   {| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-spacing: 1px; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #fff; padding: 5px" ! class="sidebar-title" style="background: #fff" |[[Pulitzer Prize]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Pulitzer_Prizes_(medal).png|center|200x200px]] |- | class="sidebar-above" style="background: #efefef; padding: 0 5px 2px 5px" | [[Joseph Pulitzer]] <div class="hlist"> * [[Columbia University]] * [[Template:Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzers by year]] * [[:Category:Pulitzer Prize winners|Winners]] </div> |- ! class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #efefef; padding: 0 5px 2px 5px" | Journalism |- | class="sidebar-content" | ''Reporting'' <div class="hlist"> * [[Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting|Breaking News]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting|Investigative]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting|Explanatory]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting|Local]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting|National]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting|International]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Audio Reporting|Audio]] </div> ''Writing'' <div class="hlist"> * [[Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing|Feature]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing|Editorial]] </div> ''Photography'' <div class="hlist"> * [[Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography|Breaking News]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography|Feature]] </div> ''Other'' <div class="hlist"> * [[Pulitzer Prize for Commentary|Commentary]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Criticism|Criticism]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning|Editorial Cartooning]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Public Service|Public Service]] </div> ''Former'' <div class="hlist"> * [[Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting|Beat Reporting]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Correspondence|Correspondence]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Photography|Photography]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Reporting|Reporting]] </div> |- ! class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #efefef; padding: 0 5px 2px 5px" | <div class="hlist"> * Letters * Drama * Music </div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="hlist"> * [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography|Biography]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Fiction]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction|General Nonfiction]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for History|History]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Memoir or Autobiography|Memoir or Autobiography]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry|Poetry]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama|Drama]] * [[Pulitzer Prize for Music|Music]] </div> |- | class="sidebar-below" style="background: #efefef; padding: 0 5px 2px 5px" | [[Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards|Special Citations and Awards]] |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} == Ụdị == A na-enye onyinye n'ụdị ndị metụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ, nka, akwụkwọ ozi na akụkọ ifo. Akụkọ na foto sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ, magazin na ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ dị na United States (gụnyere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ akụkọ) nke "[na-ebipụta] mgbe niile" ruru eru maka ihe nrite nke ndị nta akụkọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2017 Journalism Submission Guidelines, Requirements and FAQs|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/page/2017-journalism-submission-guidelines-requirements-and-faqs|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}</ref> Malite na 2007, "a ga-ekwe ka ihe dịgasị iche iche dị n'ịntanetị n'ụdị akwụkwọ akụkọ niile ma e wezụga maka ụdị foto abụọ nke asọmpi ahụ, nke ga-anọgide na-egbochi ntinye na foto ndị dị jụụ". N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2008, a mara ọkwa na maka oge mbụ a ga-atụle ọdịnaya e bipụtara na akụkọ ntanetị. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị mmeri nwere njikọ magazin (karịsịa Moneta Sleet Jr.) ka a hapụrụ ịbanye n'asọmpi ahụ n'ihi mmekọrịta ruru eru ma ọ bụ mbipụta nke ọrụ ha n'otu oge na akwụkwọ akụkọ, Pulitzer Prize Advisory Board na Pulitzer Prix Board guzogidere nnabata nke magazin n'asọmpị ahụ, nke mere ka e guzobe National Magazine Awards na Columbia Journalism School na 1966. N'afọ 2015, e nyere magazin ohere ịbanye na nke mbụ ya n'ụdị abụọ (Reporting Investigative na Feature Writing). Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2016, ndokwa a agbasaala na ụdị atọ ọzọ (International Reporting, Criticism na Editorial Cartooning). N'afọ ahụ, Kathryn Schulz (Feature Writing) na Emily Nussbaum (Criticism) nke The New Yorker ghọrọ ndị mmekọ magazin mbụ natara ihe nrite ahụ n'okpuru ụkpụrụ iru eru gbasaa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 Pulitzer Prizes|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2016|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, a gbatịkwuru ikike nke magazin na ụdị akwụkwọ akụkọ niile. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị akụkọ akụkọ obodo nke akụkọ ọhụrụ, a gbasaa ngalaba Breaking News Reporting iji gụnye ihe omume akụkọ ọhụrụ niile dị n'ime obodo na 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/news/pulitzer-board-expands-eligibility-breaking-news-prize-category|title=Pulitzer Board Expands Eligibility in Breaking News Prize Category|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|date=December 4, 2017|accessdate=April 17, 2018}}</ref> Nkọwa nke ụdị Pulitzer Prize dị ka e gosipụtara na Disemba 2017 Plan of Award:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/page/2017-plan-award|title=2020 Plan of Award|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|date=August 2020|accessdate=April 17, 2018}}</ref> * Ọrụ ọha na eze - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke ọrụ ọha na eze dị mma site na akwụkwọ akụkọ, magazin ma ọ bụ saịtị akụkọ site na iji ihe ndị nta akụkọ ya, gụnyere iji akụkọ, nchịkọta akụkọ, eserese, foto, eserese na vidiyo, nchekwa data, multimedia ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ. A na-echekarị ya dị ka nnukwu ihe nrite, ma kpọtụrụ ya aha na mbụ na ndepụta nke ihe nrite ndị nta akụkọ, a na-enye naanị nzukọ akụkọ mmeri onyinye Ọrụ Ọha. Naanị ya n'etiti ihe nrite Pulitzer, a na-enye ya n'ụdị ihe nrite ọla edo. * Breaking News Reporting - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke akụkọ mpaghara, steeti ma ọ bụ nke mba nke akụkọ ọhụrụ nke, ngwa ngwa o kwere mee, na-ejide ihe omume n'ụzọ ziri ezi ka ha na-eme, na, ka oge na-agafe, na-eme ka ihe gbara ya gburugburu ma gbasaa na mkpuchi mbụ. * Nnyocha akụkọ - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke akụkọ nyocha, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * Nkọwa akụkọ - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke akụkọ nkọwa nke na-eme ka isiokwu dị mkpa ma dị mgbagwoju anya, na-egosi ikike nke isiokwu ahụ, ederede doro anya na ngosi doro anya, na iji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * Local Reporting - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke ịkọ akụkọ banyere nsogbu ndị dị mkpa nke nchegbu mpaghara, na-egosi ihe ọhụrụ na nka obodo, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * National Reporting - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke ịkọ akụkọ banyere ihe omume mba, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * International Reporting - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke ịkọ akụkọ banyere ihe omume mba ụwa, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * Ihe odide pụrụ iche - maka ederede pụrụ iche na-enye echiche dị mkpa maka ogo ederede, ihe ọhụrụ na nkenke, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * Nkwupụta - maka nkọwa pụrụ iche, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * Nkatọ - maka nkatọ pụrụ iche, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * Editorial Writing - maka edemede edemede pụrụ iche, ule nke ịdị mma bụ nghọta nke ụdị, ebumnuche omume, ezi echiche, na ike imetụta echiche ọha na eze n'ihe onye edemede chere na ọ bụ ntụziaka ziri ezi, na-eji ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dịnụ. * Editorial Cartooning - maka ihe osise pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ eserese, nke a na-akọwa site na mmalite, ịdị irè nke nchịkọta akụkọ, ogo nke eserese na mmetụta ihe osise, bipụtara dị ka eserese, animation ma ọ bụ ha abụọ. * Breaking News Photography, nke a na-akpọbu Spot News Photography - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke foto akụkọ na-adịghị mma na oji na ọcha ma ọ bụ agba, nke nwere ike ịnwe foto ma ọ bụ foto. * Foto njirimara - maka ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke foto njirimara na oji na ọcha ma ọ bụ agba, nke nwere ike ịnwe foto ma ọ bụ foto. E nwere ụdị asaa na akwụkwọ ozi na ihe nkiri: * Akụkọ ndụ - maka akụkọ ndụ pụrụ iche, akụkọ ndụ onwe onye ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke onye edemede America. * Ihe nkiri - maka egwuregwu pụrụ iche nke onye edemede America, nke kachasị mma na isi iyi ya ma na-emeso ndụ America. * Akụkọ ifo - maka akụkọ ifo pụrụ iche nke onye edemede America, nke kachasị mma na-ekwu maka ndụ America. * General Nonfiction - maka akwụkwọ pụrụ iche na nke edere nke ọma nke na-abụghị akụkọ ifo site n'aka onye edemede America nke na-erughị eru maka ịtụle na ụdị ọ bụla ọzọ. * Akụkọ ihe mere eme - maka akwụkwọ pụrụ iche na nke edere nke ọma na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke United States. * Memoir ma ọ bụ Autobiography - maka ihe ncheta pụrụ iche na nke eziokwu ma ọ bụ akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke onye edemede America. * Abụ - maka mpịakọta pụrụ iche nke amaokwu mbụ nke onye America na-ede uri. N'afọ 2020, agbakwunyere ụdị akụkọ ọdịyo. E nyere ihe nrite mbụ na ụdị a na "The Out Crowd", ihe omume nke mmemme redio ọha na eze a American Life . N'afọ nke abụọ, e nyere Pulitzer maka NPR podcast No Compromise.<ref>Audio Reporting: Winners 2020–2022, The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved March 6, 2023.</ref> E nwere otu ihe nrite e nyere maka egwu: * Ihe nrite Pulitzer maka egwu - maka egwu egwu pụrụ iche nke onye America nke nwere arụmọrụ mbụ ya ma ọ bụ ndekọ ya na United States n'afọ ahụ. E nweela ọtụtụ ihe nrite na onyinye pụrụ iche: ihe karịrị iri nke ọ bụla na Arts, Journalism, na Letters, na ise maka ọrụ Pulitzer Prize, na nso nso a nye Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. na 1987. Na mgbakwunye na ihe nrite ndị ahụ, a na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ anọ pụtara ìhè nke Graduate School of Journalism dị ka ngalaba ahụ họọrọ Pulitzer Traveling Fellowships. === Mgbanwe n'ụdị === Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, a kwụsịrị inye onyinye ma ọ bụ n'ihi na agbasaala mpaghara nke onyinye ahụ iji gụnye mpaghara ndị ọzọ; a gbanwere aha onyinye ahụ n'ihi okwu a na-ahụkarị gbanwere; ma ọ bụ onyinye ahụ aghọwo ihe mgbe ochie, dị ka ihe nrite maka akụkọ telegraphic. Ihe atụ nke ngalaba edemede nke agbasawo bụ Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (nke enyere 1918-1947), nke a gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ Pulitzer Award for Fiction, nke gụnyekwara akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ na uri, yana akwụkwọ akụkọ.{{Chronology of Pulitzer Prize categories}} == Ụgbọ Mmiri == [[Usòrò:Columbia_University,_NYC_(June_2014)_-_01.JPG|thumb|Pulitzer Hall na ogige Columbia]] Ndị otu iri na itoolu Pulitzer Prize Board na-ezukọ kwa afọ, omenala na Joseph Pulitzer World Room na Mahadum Columbia's Pulitzer Hall. Ọ na-agụnye ndị isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na ndị isi mgbasa ozi na mgbakwunye na ndị otu isii sitere na agụmakwụkwọ na nka, gụnyere onye isi oche nke Mahadum Columbia, onye isi nke Mahadim Columbia Graduate School of Journalism na onye nchịkwa nke ihe nrite, onye na-eje ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Onye nchịkwa na dean (onye jere ozi na bọọdụ ahụ site na mmalite ya ruo 1954 ma malite ọzọ na 1976) sonyere na mkparịta ụka ahụ dị ka ndị otu ex officio, mana ha enweghị ike ịtụ vootu. Ewezuga onye isi oche na dean (ndị na-eje ozi dị ka ndị otu na-adịgide adịgide maka oge nhọpụta ha) na onye nchịkwa (onye a na-ahọpụta ọzọ kwa afọ), ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ahọrọ ndị otu ya maka afọ atọ; ndị otu nwere ike ije ozi ruo oge atọ. A na-ahọrọ ndị otu na ndị ọka ikpe na nlebara anya "nke a na-enye ndị ọkachamara na njikọ, yana ọdịiche dị iche iche n'ihe gbasara okike, agbụrụ, nkesa ala na nha nke nzukọ akụkọ". A họpụtara onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ Associated Press na ''Los Angeles Times'' bụ Marjorie Miller dịka onye nchịkwa n'ọnwa Eprel 2022. Ọ nọchiri onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ ''New York Times'' bụ Dana Canedy, onye jere ozi n'ọrụ ahụ site na 2017 ruo 2020. Canedy bụ nwanyị mbụ na onye mbụ na-acha ọbara ọbara iji jide ọnọdụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/staff-50|title=The 2001 Pulitzer Prize Winner in National Reporting|work=The Pulitzer Prizes|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=April 17, 2018}}</ref> A họpụtara Edward Kliment, onye osote onye nchịkwa nke mmemme ahụ ogologo oge, dịka onye nchịkwa na-anọchite anya na Julaị 2020 mgbe Canedy ghọrọ osote onye isi oche na onye na-ebipụta Simon & Schuster. Ọ họọrọ ịghara ịlụ ọgụ maka ọnọdụ ahụ wee laghachi n'ọrụ mbụ ya mgbe a họpụtara Miller. <ref name="auto">{{cite press release |url=https://www.pulitzer.org/news/journalist-marjorie-miller-elected-administrator-pulitzer-prizes |title=Journalist Marjorie Miller is Elected Administrator of the Pulitzer Prizes |publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes |date=March 31, 2022 |access-date=April 22, 2022}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na Canedy, ndị nchịkwa gara aga gụnyere John Hohenberg (onye kachasị nta n'ịnọ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo ugbu a; 1954-1976), prọfesọ Graduate School of Journalism Richard T. Baker (1976-1981), onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ ''Newsweek'' Robert Christopher (1981-1992), onye bụbu nchịkọta ''akụkọ'' ''New York Times'' Seymour Topping (1993-2002), onye bụ onye bụbu editọ Milwaukee Journal Sig Gissler (2002-2014) na onye bụbu Concord Monitor Mike Pride (naanị ''onye'' bụbu onyeisi oche na-ejide n'ọ ọkwa ahụ ruo ugbu ahụ; 2014-2017). Tupu ntinye nke Hohenberg, ndị otu ngalaba nke Journalism School (karịsịa Dean Carl W. Ackerman) na ndị ọrụ na nchịkwa etiti nke Columbia n'okpuru Frank D. Fackenthal jikọrọ aka na-achịkwa mmemme ahụ. Mgbe Joseph Pulitzer Jr. lara ezumike nká (nwa nwa nke onye na-enye onyinye nke jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche na-adịgide adịgide nke bọọdụ ahụ ruo afọ 31) na 1986, oche ahụ na-agbanwekarị onye otu kachasị elu (ma ọ bụ ndị otu, n'ihe gbasara ntuli aka n'otu oge) kwa afọ. Kemgbe afọ 1975, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ emeela mkpebi niile maka ihe nrite; tupu nke a, a kwadoro aro ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka Mahadum Columbia.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kihss|first=Peter|date=1975-05-06|title=Pulitzer Prizes Awarded 2 Biographers and Albee|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/05/06/archives/pulitzer-prizes-awarded-2-biofraphers-and-albee-contrasting.html|accessdate=2023-09-14}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọfịs onye nchịkwa na ndị ọrụ dị n'akụkụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Graduate School of Journalism na Pulitzer Hall nke Columbia na ọtụtụ ndị nchịkwa enweela nhọpụta oge niile ma ọ bụ nke enyemaka na ụlọ akwụkwọ Journalism, ụlọ ọrụ na nchịkwa anọwo na-ekewapụ onwe ha na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kemgbe 1950.<ref name="Boylan-2003">{{Cite book|author=Boylan|first=James|year=2003|title=Pulitzer's School: Columbia University's School of Journalism, 1903–2003|oclc=704692556|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-231-50017-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ6FAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}</ref>  == Arụmụka == * 1921 Fiction Prize: Ndị na-ahụ maka Columbia jụrụ aro ndị ọka ikpe ma nye Edith Wharton onyinye ahụ maka The Age of Innocence kama aro Sinclair Lewis maka Main Street.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oehlschlaeger|first=Fritz H.|date=November 1979|doi=10.2307/2925396|issue=3|journal=American Literature|pages=409–414|title=Hamlin Garland and the Pulitzer Prize controversy of 1921|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-literature_1979-11_51_3/page/409|volume=51}}</ref> * Ọkpụkpọ òkù maka mwepụ nke onye nta akụkọ Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize. * Ọkpụkpọ òkù maka mwepụ nke onye nta akụkọ William L. Laurence's 1946 Pulitzer Prize. * 1941 Novel Prize: Ndị ndụmọdụ họpụtara ka ha mebie ndị ọka ikpe ma tụọ aro maka ndị na-agba ụtụ ''maka ndị'' Ernest Hemingway. Otú ọ dị, ''onye'' isi oche nke Mahadum Columbia Nicholas Murray Butler rịọrọ kọmitii ahụ ka ha chegharịa echiche, na-ekwu maka njikọ dị n'etiti mahadum ahụ na ọdịnaya mmekọahụ doro anya nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ; kama nke ahụ, enweghi onyinye: 118 Afọ iri na abụọ ka e mesịrị, e nyere Hemingway ihe nrite Fiction nke 1953 maka The Old Man and the Sea.<ref name="Boylan-2003"/> * 1957 Biography Prize: Onye edemede nke Profiles in Courage, U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy, kwenyere na o nwere ọtụtụ n'ime ''akwụkwọ'' nke o nwetara Pulitzer Prize in Biography ghostwritten maka ya.<ref name="profilesincourage">{{Cite book|author=Walls|first=Jeannette|title=Dish: The Inside Story on the World of Gossip|year=2000|publisher=Avon Books, Inc., an Imprint of Harper Collins Publishers|location=New York|isbn=0-380-97821-0|pages=29–35}}</ref> Onye nta akụkọ Drew Pearson kwuru n'otu ihe omume nke The Mike Wallace Interview nke gosipụtara na Disemba 1957 na "John F. Kennedy bụ naanị nwoke n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke m maara onye ritere ihe nrite Pulitzer maka akwụkwọ e dere maka ya" nakwa na onye na-ede okwu ya bụ Ted Sorensen bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ahụ n'ezie, ọ bụ ezie na netwọk ihe ngosi ahụ mechara wepụ nkwupụta ya, mgbe nna Kennedy yiri egwu ịgba akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://solstice.ischool.utexas.edu/tmwi/index.php/Drew_Pearson|title=Drew Pearson|publisher=[[Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center]], [[School of Information, University of Texas]]|accessdate=December 28, 2014|archivedate=February 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212161318/http://solstice.ischool.utexas.edu/tmwi/index.php/Drew_Pearson}}</ref><ref name="profilesincourage" /> Herbert Parmet kpebikwara na akwụkwọ ahụ bụ n'ezie ihe efu, na-ede n'akwụkwọ ya nke 1980 ''Jack'': The Struggles of John F. Kennedy na ọ bụ ezie na Kennedy lekọtara mmepụta ma nye ntụziaka na ozi nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ bụ n'eziokwu Sorensen nyere ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị gara na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2478/did-john-f-kennedy-really-write-profiles-in-courage|title=Did John F. Kennedy really write 'Profiles in Courage?'|author=Adams|first=Cecil|authorlink=Cecil Adams|date=November 7, 2003|publisher=[[The Straight Dope]]|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> Sorenson n'onwe ya ga-emesị kweta na akụkọ ndụ ya nke afọ 2008, Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History, na o dere n'ezie "ihe odide mbụ nke ọtụtụ n'ime isiakwụkwọ" ma "nyere aka ịhọrọ okwu nke ọtụtụ n" ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Her Story, Their Words: Behind the Scenes of the Best-Sellers|date=June 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/who-wrote-that-political-memoir-no-who-actually-wrote-it/2014/06/09/8e89ccae-f00a-11e3-9ebc-2ee6f81ed217_story.html|title=Who wrote that political memoir? No, who wrote it?|work=The Washington Post|date=June 9, 2014|accessdate=June 11, 2014|author=Farhi, Paul}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na esemokwu nke ederede mmụọ, e kpebikwara na abụọ n'ime ndị omeiwu US asatọ a kpọtụrụ aha n'akwụkwọ ahụ, Edmund G. Ross na Lucius Lamar, adabaghị n'ezie na akwụkwọ ahụ toro ha dị ka.<ref>[[David O. Stewart|Stewart, David O.]] ''Impeached: The Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy''. Simon & Schuster, 2009, pp. 185–86, 188–89, 242, 269, 278–80, 282, 285, 292, 297–99, 309.</ref> * 1960 Fiction Prize: kọmitii ndị ọka ikpe tụrụ aro ka e nye onyinye ahụ na Saul Bellow's ''Henderson'' the Rain King, mana ndị ''ndụmọdụ'' ahụ wepụrụ aro ahụ ma nye ya Allen Drury's Advise and Consent.<ref name="WSJ 2009">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203706604574378842802585268|title=At 50, a D.C. Novel With Legs|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|first=Scott|author=Simon|authorlink=Scott Simon|date=September 2, 2009|accessdate=January 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="HP Classic">{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/phil-simon/classic-politics-the-work_b_5403779.html|title=Classic Politics: The Works of Allen Drury Now Back in Print|first=Phil|author=Simon|authorlink=Phil Simon|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=May 28, 2014|accessdate=January 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Heinz Dietrich|author=Fischer|title=Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction|location=Munich|publisher=K.G. Saur|year=2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/11/books/publishing-pulitzer-controversies.html|first=Edwin|author=McDowell|title=Publishing: Pulitzer Controversies|date=May 11, 1984|accessdate=August 20, 2011}}</ref> * 1962 Biography Prize: ''Citizen Hearst'': A Biography of ''William Randolph Hearst'' by W. A. Swanberg bụ nke ndị ọka ikpe na ndị ndụmọdụ tụrụ aro mana ndị na-ahụ maka Mahadum Columbia (nke a na-ebo ebubo na ọ kwadoro ihe nrite ahụ) ka ọ kwụsịrị n'ihi na isiokwu ya, Hearst, abụghị "ihe atụ a ma ama nke nka onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ dịka akọwapụtara na nkọwa ihe nrite".<ref>Hohenberg, John. ''The Pulitzer Diaries: Inside America's Greatest Prize''. 1997. p. 109.</ref> * 1974 Fiction Prize: Gravity's Rainbow nke Thomas Pynchon tụrụ aro site n'aka ndị ọka ikpe atọ, mana ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ tụgharịrị mkpebi ahụ ma ọ nweghị ihe nrite nke ndị nlekọta nyere.<ref>McDowell, Edwin. "Publishing: Pulitzer Controversies". ''The New York Times'', May 11, 1984: C26.</ref> * N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ natara Special Citation for Roots: The Saga of an American Family n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1977, e boro Alex Haley ebubo na ọ na-ezigara ndị ọzọ ihe n'okwu ikpe dị iche iche site n'aka Harold Courlander na Margaret Walker Alexander. Courlander, onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, boro ebubo na e depụtaghachiri Roots n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya The African (1967). Walker kwuru na Haley si n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Jubilee'' (1966) nke oge [[Agha Obodo America|Agha Obodo]] nweta ihe ndị ọzọ. E mechiri usoro ikpe na ikpe ọ bụla na ngwụcha afọ 1978. E doziri ikpe Courlander n'èzí ụlọ ikpe maka $ 650,000 (nke ya na $ 2.9 nde na 2022) na nkwenye sitere n'aka Haley na e depụtaghachiri akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ime Roots site na The African.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Fein|first=Esther B.|title=Book Notes|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00613FC3E580C708CDDAA0894DB494D81|date=March 3, 1993|accessdate=February 12, 2017}}</ref> Ụlọ ikpe jụrụ ikpe Walker, nke, n'iji ọdịnaya nke Roots tụnyere nke ''Jubilee'', chọpụtara na "ọ dịghị ihe yiri ya n'etiti ọrụ ndị ahụ".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bLIvAAAAIBAJ&pg=4642,1207133|title=Judge Rules "Roots" Original|work=Spokane Daily Chronicle|date=September 21, 1978|accessdate=August 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3U8xAAAAIBAJ&pg=953,2772990|title=Suit against Alex Haley is dismissed|work=The Montreal Gazette|date=September 22, 1978|accessdate=August 19, 2020}}</ref> * 1981 Feature Writing Prize: Onye edemede ndị ọrụ ''Washington Post'' bụ Janet Cooke weghachiri ihe nrite ahụ mgbe nyocha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ chọpụtara na o chepụtara akụkọ ya na-enweta ihe nrite "Jimmy's World," profaịlụ nke onye heroin riri ahụ dị afọ asatọ na Washington, D.C. * 1994 History Prize: Gerald Posner's Case Closed: ''Lee Harvey Oswald'' and the Assassi''na''tion of JFK, Lawrence Friedman's Crime and Punishment in American History na Joel Williamson's ''William Faulkner'' and Southern History ka a họpụtara maka onyinye ahụ; Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị onyinye e nyere.<ref>''Complete Historical Handbook of the Pulitzer Prize System 1917–2000: Decision-Making Processes in all Award Categories Based on Unpublished Sources'', by Heinz D. Fischer and Erika J. Fischer, The Pulitzer Prize Archive, Walter de Gruyer, 2003, p. 325</ref> Mkpebi ịghara inye otu n'ime akwụkwọ atọ ahụ ihe nrite kpatara esemokwu ọha na eze. Otu n'ime ndị otu Pulitzer Board, John Dotson, kwuru na akwụkwọ atọ a họpụtara "dị njọ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ". Mana onye ọzọ so na bọọdụ, Edward Seaton, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke The Manhattan Mercury, ekwenyeghị, na-ekwu na ọ bụ "ihe mwute" na enweghi onyinye.<ref>"Pulitzer Decision Angers Juror Ignoring Nominations, Panel Didn't Know History Prize," ''San Jose Mercury News'', April 23, 1994, p. 2B</ref> * 2010 Drama Prize: Egwú Tony na-emeri Next to Normal nwetara onyinye ahụ n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị otu n'ime ndị a họpụtara site na ndị ọka ikpe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtishows.com/next-to-normal|title=Next to Normal|date=September 16, 2015|publisher=[[Music Theater International]]|accessdate=May 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/la-et-pulitzer-mcnulty-20100413,0,3224899.story|title=Critic's Notebook: On this year's drama award, the Pulitzer board blew it|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 13, 2010|author=Charles McNulty}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.playbill.com/features/article/138796-playbillcoms-theatre-week-in-review-april-10-april-16-the-pulitzer-paradox|title=Playbill.com's Theatre Week In Review, April 10-April 16: The Pulitzer Paradox|work=[[Playbill]]|date=April 16, 2010|first=Robert|author=Simonson|authorlink=Robert Simonson|accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref> * 2020 Feature Photography Prize: Nkwupụta nke Channi Anand, Mukhtar Khan na Dar Yasin nke Associated Press kpatara esemokwu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/3-indian-photojournalists-from-j-k-win-pulitzer/story-hN3xlFniHQ9jBH7hk2gUHK.html|title=3 Indian photojournalists from Jammu and Kashmir win Pulitzer Prize|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|date=May 6, 2020|first=Ashiq|author=Hussain|accessdate=May 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kashmiri-pulitzer-prize-winners-caught-in-political-debate/1824727|title=Kashmiri Pulitzer Prize winners caught in political debate|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=May 5, 2020|accessdate=May 6, 2020|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919100327/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kashmiri-pulitzer-prize-winners-caught-in-political-debate/1824727|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|title=Pulitzer Prize questions India's legitimacy over Kashmir|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/pulitzer-prize-questions-indias-legitimacy-over-kashmir|work=[[National Herald]]|date=May 5, 2020|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-06}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị weere ya dị ka ịjụ "ikike [[Ndia|India]] nwere n'elu Kashmir" dịka o jiri okwu ahụ bụ "independence" mee ihe n'ihe gbasara iwepụ Akụkụ nke 370.<ref name="auto8" /> * 2020 International Reporting Prize: Onye nta akụkọ Russia Roman Badanin, onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Russia nwere onwe ya Proekt (Project), kwuru na ọ dịkarịa ala akụkọ abụọ nke ''New York Times'' na ntinye ahụ kwughachiri nchọpụta nke akụkọ Proekt bipụtara ọnwa ole na ole tupu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/05/05/russia-slams-nyt-for-russophobia-following-pulitzer-prize-win-a70187|title=Russia Slams NYT for 'Russophobia' Following Pulitzer Prize Win|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|date=May 5, 2020}}</ref> == Nkatọ na ọmụmụ == Ụfọdụ ndị na-akatọ ihe nrite Pulitzer ebubowo nzukọ ahụ na ọ na-akwado ndị na-akwado ihe ndị nwere nnwere onwe ma ọ bụ na-emegide ihe ndị na-achọghị mgbanwe. Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ L. Brent Bozell Jr. kwuru na Pulitzer Prize nwere "ihe nketa nnwere onwe", ọkachasị na ihe nrite ya maka nkọwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/guests/s_503968.html|title=Pulitzers' liberal legacy|work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|date=April 22, 2007|author=Brent Bozell|accessdate=October 14, 2010}}</ref> O kwuru na afọ iri atọ na otu bụ naanị ndị na-agbaso omenala ise nwetara ihe nrite maka nkọwa. Onye mmeri Pulitzer Prize nke afọ 2010 maka nkọwa Kathleen Parker dere, "Ọ bụ naanị n'ihi na abụ m onye na-agbanwe agbanwe ka a matara m ugbu a. "<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/news/stories/1010/43074.html|title=Kathleen Parker: 'Smallish-town girl' hits cable|publisher=[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]]|date=October 4, 2010|author=Keach Hagey|accessdate=October 14, 2010}}</ref> Alexander Theroux kọwara ihe nrite Pulitzer dị ka "ihe nrite nzuzu, [nke] a na-enyekarị ya n'ihi ịdọrọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nke ahụ na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị aghụghọ na ndị nzuzu kachasị".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Alexander Theroux|authorlink=Alexander Theroux|title=Einstein's Beets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XpSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328|publisher=[[Fantagraphics Books]]|year=2017|isbn=978-1-60699-976-9|accessdate=September 26, 2020}}</ref> Nnyocha agụmakwụkwọ nke afọ 2012 nke ndị prọfesọ na-ahụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ Yong Volz nke Mahadum Missouri na Francis Lee nke Mahaduma China nke Hong Kong chọpụtara na "naanị pasent iri abụọ na asaa nke ndị mmeri Pulitzer kemgbe afọ 1991 bụ ụmụ nwanyị, ebe ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ bụ ihe dịka pasent iri atọ na atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Who wins the Pulitzer Prize in international reporting? Cumulative advantage and social stratification in journalism|journal=Journalism|author=Yong Z. Volz|date=August 30, 2012|volume=14|issue=5|pages=587–605|doi=10.1177/1464884912455905}}</ref> Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwubiri na ndị mmeri nwanyị nwere ike ịnwe ahụmịhe agụmakwụkwọ ọdịnala, dị ka ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ Ivy League, ịzụlite obodo, ma ọ bụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ ndị ama ama dị ka ''The New York Times''. Nchọpụta ndị ahụ na-atụ aro ọkwa dị elu nke ọzụzụ na njikọ dị mkpa maka onye na-achọ ka e nye ya ihe nrite ahụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-10-female-pulitzer-prize-winners-require.html|title=Female Pulitzer Prize winners require higher qualifications, study finds|work=[[Phys.org]]|publisher=[[University of Missouri]]|date=October 18, 2012|accessdate=October 18, 2012}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==    . Alfred I.duPont- Columbia University Award for broadcast journalism . Commonwealth Writers Prize . List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times . List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field . The Booker Prize . Miguel de Cervantes Prize . National Book Award . National Magazine Awards . Prix Goncourt == Ntụaka == === Nkọwapụta === {{Reflist}} === Isi mmalite ===   .Auxier,George W.(March 1940)." Akwụkwọ akụkọ Middle Western na Spanish-American War, 1895-1898"(PDF). Nlebanya akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ndagwurugwu Mississippi, Òtù Ndị Ọkammụta America.26(4):523-534.doi:10.2307/1896320.JSTOR 1896320.S2CID 165632973. echekwara na mbụ (PDF) na February 7,2020 == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [http://findingaids.cul.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_10208560// Nchịkọta Pulitzer Prizes na Mahadum Columbia. Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ na Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Ndị Dị Mkpa] * [https://aalbc.com/books/pulitzer-prize-books.php Ndị edemede nke ndị Afrịka iji nweta ihe nrite Pulitzer] {{Pulitzer Prize}}{{Daniel Chester French}}{{Columbia}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ck9qylzsatm2qlbrdj1xvc6vffr6y8j 0 30242 727716 631038 2026-09-24T19:59:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Ford F-Series.jpg|thumb|Ford F-Series]] '''Ford F-Series''' bụ usoro ụgbọala ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị mfe nke [[Ụlọ ọrụ Moto Ford|Ford]] na-ere ma na-arụ kemgbe afọ nlereanya 1948. A na-ere F-Series dị ka ọtụtụ ụgbọala pickup zuru oke nke dị n'elu Ford Ranger na usoro ụgbọala Ford.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Langness|first=Travis|date=October 13, 2020|title=Ford F-150 Prices, Reviews, and Pictures {{!}} Edmunds|url=https://www.edmunds.com/ford/f-150/|work=[[Edmunds.com]]}}</ref> N'akụkụ F-150 (nke e webatara na 1975), F-Series gụnyekwara usoro Super Duty (nke e wepụtara na 1999), nke gụnyere F-250 na-arụ ọrụ dị arọ site na F-450 pickups, F-450 / F-550 chassis cabs, na F-600 / F-650 / F-750 Class 6-8 azụmahịa trucks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1948 Ford F-1 Half-Ton Pickup Truck - The Henry Ford|url=https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/artifact/271123/|work=www.thehenryford.org|accessdate=2025-01-25|language=en}}</ref> Ụdị ahịrị ihe nlereanya kachasị ewu ewu bụ ụgbọ ala F-150, ugbu a na ọgbọ nke iri na anọ.  Site na 1953 ruo 1985,<ref>{{Cite web|title=1985 Ford F-Series Market - CLASSIC.COM|url=https://www.classic.com/m/ford/f-series/year-1985/|work=www.classic.com|accessdate=2025-01-25|language=en}}</ref> ntinye ọkwa F-Series bụ  1⁄2 ton F-100.  F-150 nwere ọkwa mkpụbelata okporo ụzọ na-adị ogologo oge ewepụtara maka 2010, Raptor (SVT) ugbu a nwere ọgbọ atọ. Ejirila gwongworo F-Series ka ọ bụrụ nhazi nhazi dị iche iche.  N'akụkụ gwongworo ndị na-arụ ọrụ obere ọrụ na "Big Job" [nkọwa chọrọ] gwongworo ochie (ndị bu ụzọ nke Ford L-usoro), erere ahịrị ihe atụ ahụ dị ka gwongworo chassis-cab na otu panel (onye bu ụzọ Ford E mbụ).  - Usoro).  F-Series abụrụla ebe ikpo okwu maka ụdị SUV dị iche iche zuru oke, gụnyere Ford Bronco, Ford Expedition/Lincoln Navigator, na Ford Excursion.  A na-ere F-Series site na ụdị atọ North America ya, site na Mercury dị ka M-Series (na Canada site na 1948-1968);  na site Lincoln na 2000s, dị ka Blackwood na mgbe e mesịrị Mark LT (2010s na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] naanị).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hemmings.com/classifieds/cars-for-sale/ford/f1/1948|work=www.hemmings.com|accessdate=2025-01-25}}</ref> == Ogbọ mbụ (1948-1952) == <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden">[[File:1953_F100_Diagram.jpg|alt=|235x235px]]</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:201px;max-width:201px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden">[[File:1956_Ford_F-100_in_Bright_Red.jpg|alt=|199x199px]]</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(Left): 1953 F100 build diagram; (right): 1956 F-100</div></div></div></div> [[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] [[Usòrò:1950_Ford_F3.jpg|thumb|1950 F-3]] Ewebatara mbubata F-Series nke ọgbọ mbụ (nke a maara dị ka Ford Bonus-Built) na 1948 dị ka nnọchi maka ahịrị mbugharị ụgbọ ala gara aga ewepụtara na 1942. A na-ere F-Series n'ụdị nha asatọ dị iche iche, yana mbuli elu.  , gwongworo panel, injin ụgbọ ala (COE), gwongworo a na-emekarị, na ụdị ahụ ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ.{{Clear}} == Ogbọ nke abụọ (1953-1956) ==   Maka afọ nlereanya 1953, Ford webatara ọgbọ nke abụọ nke gwongworo F-Series.  Akụkụ abawanyela, injin ndị emelitere, na chassis emelitere bụ njirimara nke ọgbọ nke abụọ.  Na mgbanwe ọzọ, ihe nlereanya nomenclature nke F-Series gbasawanye na ọnụọgụ atọ;  Nke a na-anọgide na-eji na ugbu a.  Ọkara-ton F-1 ghọrọ F-100 (nke North America F-100 Super Saber kpọrọ aha ya);  [nke chọrọ] F-2 na F-3 jikọtara n'ime  3⁄4-ton F-250, ebe F-4 ghọrọ otu-ton F-350.  Ụgbọ ala F-Series ndị a na-emekarị bụ F-500 ruo F-900;  COE chassis ka ahagharịrị aha gwongworo C-Series. Ọ bụ ezie na cabs, ọnụ ụzọ, nkwado radiator, ihe mgbochi ime, na mkpuchi bụ otu ihe ahụ site na 1953 ruo 1956 F-100 na F-250s (ihe mkpuchi ahụ dịgasị iche na F-250, F-350, na F-500, na igbe dị ogologo bụ.  naanị dị na F-250), na 1956, ụgbọ ala ahụ mere mgbanwe dị ukwuu.  N'ịbụ nke dị n'okirikiri ihe mkpuchi ikuku, e nyere taịlị ahụ ụzọ ọhụrụ, dashboard emegharịrị, na windo azụ panoramic (nhọrọ).  N'ikwekọ na ụgbọ ala Ford, 1956 F-Series nyere eriri oche dịka nhọrọ == Ogbọ nke atọ (1957-1960) == [[Usòrò:1959_Ford_F-100_MD1.jpg|thumb|1959 F-100]] Ewebata ya na 1957, ọgbọ F-Series nke atọ bụ mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na nhazigharị.  A na-ejikọta ihe mgbochi ihu n'ime ahụ, ihe ndina "Styleside" ọhụrụ ahụ gara n'ihu n'ahịrị dị larịị n'azụ nke nchịkọta ahụ. Akwụsịrị ụgbọ mmiri F-Series, ebe ejiri tilt-cab C-Series dochie ya. N'afọ 1959, Ford malitere mmepụta mbụ ya nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke nwere ụkwụ anọ == Ogbọ nke anọ (1961-1966) == [[Usòrò:1964_Ford_F-100_Pick-Up.jpg|thumb|1964 F-100]] Maka 1961 n'ime akụkụ nke afọ nlereanya 1963, a na-enye Ford F-Series na nhazi nke atọ, na-ejikọta àkwà Styleside na cab. Site na stampụ àkwà pickup a na-agbanye kpọmkwem na cab tupu etinye mgbakọ abụọ ahụ na etiti ahụ, imewe ahụ mere ka usoro mgbakọ na ágbá dị mfe (ntọala ahụ yiri nke Ford Ranchero). N'ịgbaso nnata ahịa na-adịghị mma, e wepụrụ ihe osise unibody pickup n'oge afọ nlereanya 1963. N'afọ 1965, e nyere F-Series nnukwu nhazigharị etiti okirikiri.  E webatara ikpo okwu ọhụrụ kpamkpam, gụnyere nkwụsị n'ihu "Twin I-Beam", wee nọgide na-eji ya ruo 1996 na F-150, ma ka dị ugbu a na F-250 na F-350 4x2.  Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, aha Ranger mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na 1965 na ụgbọ elu Ford;  N'oge gara aga, Ranger ahụ gosipụtara ụkpụrụ ntọala nke Edsel, mana malite na 1965, a na-eji ya egosipụta ngwugwu nhazi ọkwa dị elu maka ndị nchịkọta F-Series.<ref>This F-series Ranger is distinct from compact [[Ford Ranger (North America)|Ford Ranger]] series of pickup trucks introduced in 1983 for North America, although the latter used technology from the full-sized trucks, such as the Twin I-Beam front suspension on two-wheel drive models and Twin Traction Beam suspension on four-wheel drive.</ref> == Ogbọ nke ise (1967-1972) == Ewebata ya na 1967, e wulitere ọgbọ F-usoro nke ise n'otu ikpo okwu dị ka ntụgharị 1965 nke ọgbọ nke anọ.  A na-abawanye akụkụ, nhọrọ injin gbasawanye, yana ọkwa mkpụbelata gbakwunyere dị n'oge mmepụta nke ọgbọ nke ise. Mgbanwe n'oge ọsọ 67-72 pere mpe, mana ama ama.  Na 1968, iji soro FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) agbakwunyere ọkụ nrịbama n'akụkụ akwa azụ na akụkụ ihu nke mkpuchi ahụ.  N'afọ 1970 hụrụ mgbanwe site na ụdị ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe na ụdị eggcrate plastic. == Ọgbọ nke isii (1973-1979) == [[Usòrò:Ford_F-250_Ranger.jpg|thumb|1979 F-250 Ranger]] E webatara usoro F-usoro nke isii na 1973. A nọgidere na-ewu ụdị nke F-usoro a n'elu ikpo okwu nke ọgbọ anọ nke 1965, ma na-emeziwanye ọhụụ na nhazigharị dị ịrịba ama, gụnyere breeki diski n'ihu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ na-abawanye, okpukpu abụọ zuru ezu.  -mgbidi akwa akwa, na ụba ojiji nke galvanized ígwè. The FE engine series was discontinued in 1976 after a nearly 20-year run, replaced by the more modern 335 and 385 series engines. N'afọ 1975, ewebata F-150 n'etiti F-100 na F-250 iji zere ụfọdụ mmachi njikwa ikuku.  N'ihi na 1978, square ọkụ ihu na-edochi ndị gara aga ụdị' gburugburu na elu mkpọ ngwugwu ụdị, dị ka Lariat na Ranger, na na 1979 ghọrọ ọkọlọtọ akụrụngwa.  Ọzọkwa maka 1978, e degharịrị Ford Bronco ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị iche iche nke nchịkọta F-usoro;  1979 bụ afọ ikpeazụ na engine 460 dị na gwongworo ọkara ton. == Ọgbọ nke asaa (1980-1986) == [[Usòrò:2009_Ford_F-150_XLT_SuperCrew.jpg|thumb|2009 F-150 XLT SuperCrew]] E webatara ọgbọ F-Series nke asaa maka 1980, na-aka akara nrụzigharị mbụ nke ahịrị ihe nlereanya kemgbe 1965. N'akụkụ chassis ọhụrụ, gwongworo ndị pikọp nwetara ahụ ọhụrụ kpamkpam.  Ọ bụ ezie na e ji ahịrị ahụ kwụ ọtọ dị iche, a na-emezi ikuku ikuku nke mpụta iji kwalite akụ na ụba mmanụ.  Ịkekọrịta usoro ụgbọ ala ha na gwongworo F-Series, gwongworo ndị na-arụ ọrụ obere (F-600 ruo F-800) mere nhazigharị mbụ ha kemgbe 1967. Akara powertrain nke ọgbọ a mere ọtụtụ nyocha site na mmepụta ya.  Na mmalite ya, a na-ebufe ahịrị injin ahụ site na 1979. Mgbe 7.5 L V8 kwụsịrị kpamkpam, ewepụtara 4.2 L V8 dị ka injin V8 kacha nta.  N'ihi na 1982, a 3.8 L V6 ghọrọ ọkọlọtọ engine maka F-100.  N'ihi na 1983, iji melite mmanụ ụgbọala arụmọrụ nke nlereanya akara, a kwụsịrị engines M-Series (5.8 L 351M na 6.6 L 400 V8s);  dochie nke ikpeazụ site na nloghachi nke 7.5 L V8.  Na nzaghachi maka obere ihe achọrọ na arụmọrụ adịghị mma, 4.2 L V8 na 3.8 L V6 wepụrụ na 1982 na 1983, n'otu n'otu.  Maka F-250 na F-350, mmanụ dizel V8 6.9 L (nke sitere na mmekorita ya na International Harvester) ghọrọ nhọrọ maka 1983. Maka 1984, "H.O."  ewebata ụdị nke 5.8 L V8.  5.0 L V8 dabara na ntụtụ mmanụ ọkụ dị ka akụrụngwa ọkọlọtọ maka 1986, na-aghọ injin mbụ n'ime gwongworo ahịa ahịa America.  4.9 L bụ mmanụ ọkụ gbara na ụdị 1987. N'ikwekọ na ọgbọ gara aga, SuperCab na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọnụ ụzọ anọ laghachiri na 1980 na 1982, n'otu n'otu.  Na nke mbụ, e nyere ụdị F-350 nwere azụ azụ ka ọ bụrụ gwongworo. N'afọ 1982, Ford dezigharịrị akara nke akara nlereanya ahụ, jiri akara Ford Blue Oval dochie mkpụrụedemede "FORD", ihe eji eme ihe na ụgbọala F-Series niile taa (ma e wezụga Raptor). N'otu afọ ahụ, e wepụrụ Ranger; aha ahụ gbanwere gaa na Ford Ranger compact pickup (na-anọchi Ford Courier). Mgbe afọ 30 dị ka obere ụgbọ ala F-Series, a kwụsịrị F-100 mgbe 1983, na-ewepụ ụdị mkpuchi na F-150 (na mkpuchi ibu na Ranger). Ọgbọ a bụ ụdị ikpeazụ nke F-Series iji nye akwụkwọ ntuziaka na-agba ọsọ ọsọ atọ, kọlụm;  ọ bụkwa ụgbọ ala nke abụọ na nke ikpeazụ a na-ere na United States na nhazi a == Ọgbọ nke asatọ (1987-1991) == [[Usòrò:Ford_F-150_--_09-07-2009.jpg|thumb|Ford F-150 (ụdị ọrụ dị mfe)]] E webatara ọgbọ F-Series nke asatọ maka 1987 ka nnukwu nlegharị anya nke ọgbọ 1980–1986.  Mgbe a na-ebufe ụgbọ ala ahụ, e degharịrị ọtụtụ akụkụ ahụ, gụnyere fascia ihu ọhụrụ kpamkpam;  ime ime ahụ mekwara nhazigharị.  Ihe eji akwa akwa Flareside na-eme ogologo oge lara ezumike nka (ruo mgbe ọ ga-alọghachi na ọgbọ nke itoolu nke 1992), yana ihe atụ niile ejiri akwa Styleside mepụta. N'ịgbaso mgbanwe 1986 nke 5.0 L V8 gaa na ntụtụ mmanụ, 4.9 L I6 sochiri ya maka 1987, na injin 5.8 L na 7.5 L na-eme ya maka 1988;  F-Series ghọrọ ahịrị ụdị ụgbọ ala America mbụ e rere n'enweghị igwe carbureted.  N'otu afọ ahụ, 6.9 L diesel V8 mụbara n'ogo ruo 7.3 L. N'ịgbaso nkwụsị nke akwụkwọ ntuziaka ngwa ngwa atọ, akwụkwọ ntuziaka ngwa ngwa ise ghọrọ ngwá ọrụ ọkọlọtọ (ọsọ ọsọ anọ nọgidere bụrụ nhọrọ pụrụ iche ruo 1992).  Maka 1989, ewebata E4OD ngwa ngwa anọ (ụdị overdrive nke C6 dị arọ atọ ọsọ). N'etiti F-350 na F-600, ewebata ọrụ F-Super na 1987;  nna ochie nke F-450/F-550 dị ugbu a, F-Super Duty bụ naanị maka ngwa chassis. == Ọgbọ nke itoolu (1992-1997) == [[Usòrò:1993_F-150_with_dual_gas_tanks.jpg|thumb|1993 Ford F-150, nke nwere tankị mmanụ abụọ]] E webatara ọgbọ F-Series nke itoolu maka 1992 dị ka nhazigharị nke abụọ nke 1980 F-Series architecture.  Na-emegharị ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe sitere na Explorer ewepụtara ọhụrụ na E-Series na Ranger emegharịrị, F-Series nwetara ahịrị mkpuchi dị ntakịrị ala, na-agbakọta ihe mgbochi ihu, bompa, na grille.  Ndị F-Series nwetara akpa ikuku n'akụkụ ọkwọ ụgbọ ala malite n'afọ ụdị 1994. Mgbe afọ isii gachara, ihe ndina Flareside mere nlọghachi ya, ghọrọ ihe nlere anya nke F-150.  Iji na-amasị ndị na-eto eto na-azụ ahịa, a na-emezigharị ihe arụ nke akwa Flareside, na-eme ka ihe mgbochi nke F-350 nwere azụ azụ na otu chassis azụ azụ.  N'adịghịkwa ka ọ dị na mbụ, tankị abụọ dị na ụdị Flareside, mana ọ bụ naanị ndị na-enweghị 4-wheel-drive. Iji mee ememe ncheta afọ 75 nke gwongworo mbụ Ford rụpụtara (1917 Ford Model TT), Ford nyere ngwugwu afọ 75 na usoro 1992 F ya, nke nwere ngwugwu eriri, ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ na-acha agba agba, na pụrụ iche.  Logo afọ 75th.  Na nzaghachi na gwongworo pickup Chevrolet 454SS, Ford webatara SVT Lightning, nke 240 hp 5.8 L V8 kwadoro. Maka 1993, turbocharger dị na mmanụ dizel 7.3 L "IDI".  N'etiti afọ ihe nlereanya 1994 (a na-akpọ "1994.5"), International jiri mmanụ dizel 7.3 L T444E turbo ọhụrụ dochie IDI, injin mbụ akpọrọ dị ka Ford PowerStroke.  Ka ọ na-ekerịta nchụpụ nke onye bu ya ụzọ, injin ahụ bụ ihe ọhụrụ kpamkpam Maka afọ nlereanya nke 1997, ọgbọ nke itoolu ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kwụsị mmepụta;  F-150 nọchiri anya ọgbọ F-Series nke iri (lee n'okpuru), yana F-250 (nke akpọrọ F-250 dị arọ) na F-350 fọdụrụ na mmepụta site na afọ 97 nlereanya.  Ewebata n'etiti 1998 (dị ka ụdị 99), nnukwu gwongworo F-Series (na F-Super Duty) bụ ndị Ford Super Duty pickups nọchiri anya ya.  [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ] == Ọgbọ nke iri (1997-2004) == [[Usòrò:'97-'98_Ford_F-250_XL_Regular_Cab.JPG|thumb|1999-2000 F-250 XL]] Maka afọ ihe nlereanya 1997, Ford mere mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ụgbọ ala F-Series, kewara ahịrị mbugharị ya gaa n'ezinụlọ ụgbọ ala abụọ.  Site na 1970 ruo 1990s, gwongworo pikọp agbanweela na ojiji.  N'akụkụ ụgbọ ala emebere naanị maka iji ọrụ, ngalaba ahịa ahụ hụrụ mmụba dị ukwuu na-achọ ụgbọ ala nwere ebumnuche maka ma ọrụ yana ojiji nkeonwe, na-eje ozi nke ọma dị ka ụgbọ ala nke abụọ.  Iji gbasawanye òkè ahịa ya na-eto eto, Ford chọrọ ịzụlite ụgbọ ala maka ụdị ndị na-azụ ahịa abụọ, na-emegharị F-150 na nhazi nke oge a (dị ka ụdị nke Ranger) ka ọ na-ejigide F-250 na F-  350 maka ndị ahịa nwere mmasị na ụgbọ ala eji arụ ọrụ. E webatara ọgbọ F-Series nke iri na Jenụwarị 1996 dị ka ụdị 1997.  Na mbụ ewepụtara naanị dị ka F-150, a elu-GVWR F-250 e wepụtara na 1997. The nlereanya akara e ahịa n'akụkụ ya ụzọ, pared ruo F-250HD na F-350;  maka 1999, gwongworo Super Duty dochie ndị a.  [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ] [[Usòrò:Ford_F-150_(tenth_generation)_Harley_Davidson_IMG_3683.jpg|thumb|Ford F-150 Harley-Davidson Edition]] N'ime nhazigharị kachasị nke F-Series n'ime afọ 17, chassis nwetara nkwusioru nke onwe zuru oke, na-akwụsị iji Twin I-Beam n'ihu axles.  Na-ekekọrịta naanị mgbasa ozi na onye bu ya ụzọ, F-150 nke 1997 nwetara ụdị igwe dị ọhụrụ na F-Series, gụnyere 4.2 L V6 na 4.6 L V8;  5.4 L V8 agbakwunyere n'oge 1997. Ewebatara n'okpueze Victoria/Grand Marquis/Town Car sedans, Modular/Triton V8 bụ injin camshaft mbụ a ga-etinye n'ime ụgbọ ala pickup zuru oke. N'ịbụ ndị pụrụ iche site na mpụta gbara okirikiri ya, a na-enye ọgbọ nke iri ọzọ na nhazi ọkọlọtọ- na ogologo-cab (SuperCab).  Iji meziwanye ohere oche n'azụ, ewebata ụzọ nke atọ nwere azụ (n'akụkụ ihu) maka SuperCab;  na-eso ewu ewu ya, SuperCab nwetara ọnụ ụzọ nke anọ maka 1999. Maka 2001, F-150 ghọrọ gwongworo mbụ " 1⁄2-ton" nke a na-enye dị ka ụgbọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na ọnụ ụzọ zuru oke;  emepụtara ya na akwa dị mkpụmkpụ dị mkpụmkpụ, F-150 SuperCrew kesara ogologo SuperCab akwa akwa. N'ịbụ ndị pụrụ iche site na mpụta gbara okirikiri ya, a na-enye ọgbọ nke iri ọzọ na nhazi ọkọlọtọ- na ogologo-cab (SuperCab).  Iji meziwanye ohere oche n'azụ, ewebata ụzọ nke atọ nwere azụ (n'akụkụ ihu) maka SuperCab;  na-eso ewu ewu ya, SuperCab nwetara ọnụ ụzọ nke anọ maka 1999. Maka 2001, F-150 ghọrọ gwongworo mbụ " 1⁄2-ton" nke a na-enye dị ka ụgbọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na ọnụ ụzọ zuru oke;  emepụtara ya na akwa dị mkpụmkpụ dị mkpụmkpụ, F-150 SuperCrew kesara ogologo SuperCab akwa akwa. N'ihi na 1999 Ford redesigned F-250 na F-350, ewebata ha dị ka ndị mbụ ọgbọ nke Ford F-Series Super Duty nlereanya line.  Mgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke F-Series, gwongworo Super Duty ka ejiri chassis dị iche iche, ike ọkụ na imewe ahụ dị iche, ka emepụtara ha maka iji ọrụ dị arọ karị.  Maka afọ 2000, a gbasaa ahịrị Super Duty ka ọ gụnyere usoro gwongworo na-arụ ọrụ obere (F-650/F-750), nke emere na njikọta ya na Navistar International. == Ọgbọ nke iri na otu (2004-2008) == [[Usòrò:Ford_F150_FX4_2004.jpg|thumb|2004 F-150 FX4]] Maka afọ ihe nlereanya nke 2004, F-150 ka emegharịrị n'elu ikpo okwu ọhụrụ, nke nwere igbe igbe zuru oke ma webata ihe mgbagwoju anya n'azụ iji rịgoro na mpụga nke etiti ahụ maka mbelata wiil hop na mma ịnya ụgbọ ala.  Ụdị ahụ ọhụrụ a debere nkwusioru n'ihu nweere onwe ya nke ọma n'ọgbọ ikpeazụ, mana agbakwunyere oghere n'ihu wheel na-ebugharị maka ụdị mbanye ụkwụ anọ (4WD).  Ọgbọ gara aga nwere axles n'ihu jikọtara oge niile.  Ọganihu ahụ na-echekwa mmanụ ọkụ ma na ndabara na-abanye n'ọnọdụ akpọchiri wheel.  Ọ bụrụ na ọdịda emee na oghere solenoid, sistemu, ma ọ bụ hoses, oghere wheel na-adaba na ọnọdụ 4WD ka ịhapụ ịhapụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala tọrọ atọ.  N'ime, ewebata ụdị valvụ atọ nke 5.4 L V8 wee dochie ụdị valvụ abụọ gara aga.  N'èzí, ihe nlereanya nke ọgbọ nke 11 dị iche na nke bu ya ụzọ, na-eji ejiji dị nkọ karị;  nnukwu mgbanwe bụ nnabata nke windo ọkwọ ụgbọ ala steepụ na gwongworo Super Duty.  N'agbanyeghị ụdị ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla, e nyere F-150 niile ọnụ ụzọ anọ, yana ọnụ ụzọ azụ na ụgbọ ala mgbe niile na-enye ohere nchekwa n'azụ oche.  Ford webatakwara ụdịdị F-150 ndị ọzọ.  Ihe ngwugwu FX4 Off-Road dị kemgbe afọ ụdị 2002 ghọrọ ọkwa mkpụbelata nke ya.  Ụdị egwuregwu nke F-150 bịara dị ka STX, nke FX2 Sport nọchiri anya na 2007. Site na 2005 ruo 2008, ndị na-ere Lincoln-Mercury rere ụdị F-150 a dị ka Lincoln Mark LT, dochie Blackwood. N'ọgwụgwụ 2007 maka afọ ihe nlereanya 2008, e nyere gwongworo Super Duty ihe ikpo okwu ọhụrụ.  Mgbe ị na-eji otu akwa na ụlọ dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, a na-eji ihe dị iche iche dị iche na ndị bu ya ụzọ site n'ime ime ọhụrụ na nnukwu ihe ọkụ ọkụ na oriọna.  N'ịbụ nke dị naanị dị ka ụdị chassis-cab, F-450 dị ugbu a dị ka nbudata ozugbo sitere na Ford. == Ọgbọ nke iri na abụọ (2009-2014) == [[Usòrò: Ford F-150 XL SuperCrew -- 03-10-2010.jpg|thumb|F-150 XL]] Ewebata ọgbọ nke iri na abụọ F-150 maka afọ ihe atụ 2009 dị ka mmelite nke ikpo okwu ụgbọ ala zuru oke nke Ford.  Yiri nke bu ya ụzọ, gwongworo ndị a bụ ihe dị iche iche site na ụdị grilles Super Duty ha (na-agbakwunye ogwe kwụ ọtọ nke atọ) na ọkụ ọkụ ihu Edge/Expedition.  Ụdị Cab mgbe niile nwere ọnụ ụzọ abụọ ọzọ kama anọ site na ọgbọ ikpeazụ.  A na-aga n'ihu n'ihe ndina Flareside ruo 2010 (si otú a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ ikpeazụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọala na-akpụ akpụ n'ụdị steepụ ruo taa), dara ugbu a yana igbe akwụkwọ ntuziaka.  N'èzí Mexico, F-150 Platinum dochie Lincoln Mark LT.  Ihe nlere ọhụrụ maka 2010 gụnyere SVT Raptor, mbubata n'okporo ụzọ raara onwe ya nye. Ọzọkwa maka 2010, Ford gbanwere ngwa eletrọnịkị ya site na modul eletriki n'ozuzu ya gaa na kọmpụta na usoro njikwa ahụ, na-enye ohere maka obere akụkụ dị iche iche yana nhọrọ nkwalite mmemme sitere na onye na-ere ahịa ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.  Maka afọ 2011, Ford weghachiri 5.0 na F-Series ya na igwe TiVVT 5.0 "Coyote" ọhụrụ ya nwere igwe 360 hp. Dị ka akụkụ nke isi na-elekwasị anya na akụ na ụba mmanụ ụgbọala, a na-emelite usoro engine maka F-150 maka afọ 2011.  Tinyere injin V8 ọhụrụ ahụ, F-150 nwetara igwe ọhụrụ 3.7 L base V6, yana ike ejima turbocharged 3.5 L V6, nke Ford kpọrọ EcoBoost.  Nbufe akpaka ghọrọ naanị ụdị.  Mgbanwe ndị ọzọ gụnyere mgbakwunye nke sistemu ịnya ọkụ eletrik Nexteer Automotive n'ọtụtụ ụdị. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nke iSeeCars.com mere na nke e bipụtara na Ford Motor Company webụsaịtị depụtara Ford F-250 Super Duty dị ka ụgbọ ala na njem na-adịte aka, Explorer, na F-150 n'etiti ụgbọ ala 20 kachasị ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://social.ford.com/our-articles/suvs/expedition/five-ford-vehicles-made-the-200000-mile-list/|title=Five Ford Vehicles Made the 200,000-Mile List|first=Tori|author=Tellem|date=May 27, 2014|work=Ford Motor Company|accessdate=May 27, 2014|archive-date=May 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530023147/http://social.ford.com/our-articles/suvs/expedition/five-ford-vehicles-made-the-200000-mile-list/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọgbọ nke iri na atọ (2015-2020) == [[Usòrò:2016_Ford_F-150_Limited_Super_Crew_3.5L,_front_6.29.19.jpg|thumb|2016 F-150 ]] Ford weputara ọgbọ nke iri na atọ nke F-Series maka afọ nlereanya 2015. N'ịbụ nke ụgbọ ala Ford Atlas lere anya na 2013 [[Detroit]] Auto Show, a maara atụmatụ ọhụrụ ahụ maka ojiji ya dị ukwuu nke aluminum iji belata ịdị arọ ya site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pound 750 n'ebelataghị akara ụkwụ ya n'èzí. Aluminum body stampings dochie ígwè ma e wezụga firewall. Okpokoro ahụ n'onwe ya nọgidere na-enwe ígwè siri ike.<ref name="2015 F150 Autoblog">{{Cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2014/01/13/2015-ford-f-150-detroit-2014/|title=2015 Ford F-150 brings big aluminum to the Rust Belt [w/video]|author=Korzeniewski|first=Jeremy|date=January 13, 2014|work=Autoblog|accessdate=January 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name="motortrend.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/trucks/1401_2015_ford_f_150_first_look/|title=2015 Ford F-150 First Look|work=Motor Trend|date=January 12, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217040520/http://www.motortrend.com/news/2015-ford-f-150-first-look/|archivedate=December 17, 2015}}</ref> Iji nwalee ịdị ogologo nke imewe aluminum siri ike n'oge mmepe, Ford banyere prototypes zoro ezo n'ime asọmpi ntachi obi Baja 1000, ebe ụgbọala ahụ gwụrụ. 2015 F-150 bụ ụgbọ ala mbu nke mbu [ntụgharị chọrọ] nwere njikwa ụgbọ mmiri na-emegharị ahụ, na-eji sensọ radar n'ihu ụgbọ ahụ iji dokwaa ihe n'usoro na-esote anya site n'ụgbọ dị n'ihu, na-ebelata ọsọ ma ọ dị mkpa. A tụbara 3.7 L V6, jiri 3.5 L V6 dochie ya dị ka igwe ọkọlọtọ, yana 2.7 L EcoBoost V6 agbakwunyere n'akụkụ 3.5 L EcoBoost V6.  Mgbe ewepụrụ 6.2 L V8, 5.0 L V8 gara n'ihu dị ka nhọrọ, yana ngwa ngwa isii dị ka naanị nnyefe. Maka afọ ihe nlereanya nke 2017, Ford debuted 3.5L EcoBoost 2nd gen yana nnyefe 10-ọsọ 10R80 ọhụrụ.  2.7 L EcoBoost na 5.0L Coyote nọgidere bụrụ otu ma ha abụọ gara n'ihu na-ejikọta ya na mgbasa ozi 6-ọsọ 6R80. Maka afọ ihe nlereanya nke 2018, F-150 nwetara nhazigharị midcycle, kpughere na 2017 New York International Auto Show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.betweentheaxles.net/galleries/2017/ford-f-150-2018-facelift-13th-generation-photos-13567?gid=2117&pid=50932|title=Ford F-150 (2018 facelift, 13th generation) photos|author=Thompson|first=Joshua|date=January 10, 2017|work=BetweenTheAxles.net|accessdate=September 20, 2023|archivedate=November 27, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127131931/https://www.betweentheaxles.net/galleries/2017/ford-f-150-2018-facelift-13th-generation-photos-13567?gid=2117&pid=50932}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.autoworldnews.com/articles/26127/20170110/big-ones-in-detroit-ford-f-150-gmc-terrain-volkswagen-atlas-and-chevrolet-traverse-to-be-presented.htm|title=Big Ones in Detroit: Ford F-150, GMC Terrain, Volkswagen Atlas And Chevrolet Traverse To Be Presented|first=Mariechris|author=Felipe|work=Auto World News|date=January 10, 2017|accessdate=September 20, 2023|archivedate=September 20, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920084114/https://www.autoworldnews.com/articles/26127/20170110/big-ones-in-detroit-ford-f-150-gmc-terrain-volkswagen-atlas-and-chevrolet-traverse-to-be-presented.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pickuptrucks2017.com/2018-ford-f-150/|title=2018 Ford F-150 Specs, Engine – 2017 / 2018 Pickup Trucks|date=April 1, 2016|work=PickupTrucks2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113165940/http://pickuptrucks2017.com/2018-ford-f-150/|archivedate=January 13, 2017}}</ref> ''Maka afọ 2018 m, F150 gosipụtara Enyemaka Mgbako Mberede na nchọpụta ndị na-agafe agafe na njikwa ụgbọ mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na nkwụsị ma gaa''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2018-ford-f-150-in-depth-model-review-2018-ford-f-150-safety-and-driver-assistance-review-car-and-driver-page-9|title=2018 Ford F-150|work=[[Car and Driver]]|accessdate=September 27, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ụdị SuperCrew Cab nke 2018 F-150 nwetara ọkwa IIHS Top Safety Pick.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/Ford/f-150-crew-cab-pickup/2018|title=2018 Ford F-150|work=[[IIHS]]|accessdate=September 28, 2018}}</ref> == Ọgbọ nke iri na anọ (2021-dị ugbu a) == [[Usòrò:Ford_F-150_Lariat_Luxury_2022.jpg|alt=|thumb|2021 Ford F-150 Lariat Sport]] Powertrains gụnyere 3.3-litre V6, 2.7-litre na 3.5-litre EcoBoost twin-turbo V6s, 5.0-litre V8, na 3.0-litre diesel V6.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Hoffman|first=Connor|date=June 26, 2020|title=2021 Ford F-150 Pickup Is Less of an Overhaul Than We Expected|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a32957347/2021-ford-f-150-and-hybrid-revealed/|accessdate=June 27, 2020|work=Car and Driver|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-ere ya dị ka ''PowerBoost'', a na-enye mmanụ ụgbọala na ọkụ eletrik, na-ejikọta injin eletrik na 3.5-litre V6.<ref name=":1" /> A na-ahapụ akpaaka isii, na injin niile jikọtara na akpaaka 10 na-agba ọsọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2020|title=2021 Ford F-150 First Look Review: Best-Seller Gets a Stealth Redesign|url=https://www.motortrend.com/cars/ford/f-150/2021/2021-ford-f-150-first-look-review/|accessdate=June 27, 2020|work=MotorTrend|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> 5.0-liter V8 na-enweta usoro cylinder deactivation, nke a na-ere dị ka teknụzụ Variable Displacement Engine, nke yiri GM's Active Fuel Management na Chrysler's Multi-Displacement System.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fordauthority.com/2020/07/2021-ford-f-150-5-0l-v8-coyote-to-get-cylinder-deactivation-technology/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804074522/https://fordauthority.com/2020/07/2021-ford-f-150-5-0l-v8-coyote-to-get-cylinder-deactivation-technology/|archivedate=2020-08-04|title=2021 Ford F-150 5.0L V8 Coyote To Get Cylinder Deactivation Technology}}</ref> Tinyere nchacha ikuku ikuku nke mpụta, nlegharị anya n'ime ime gụnyere oche n'ihu mpịaji na ihuenyo mmetụ buru ibu (gụnyere ogwe ngwaọrụ dijitalụ);[1] dị ka nhọrọ, enyere Active Drive Assist dị ka usoro enyemaka ọkwọ ụgbọ ala.<ref name=":1"/> A mara ọkwa F-150 Raptor ọhụrụ na Jenụwarị 2021, nwere injin mmanụ ụgbọala V6 dị lita 3.5.<ref>[https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a35397956/2021-ford-f-150-raptor-revealed/ 2021 Ford F-150 Raptor Sticks with Twin-Turbo V-6, Adds Off-Road Cred] – K.C. Colwell, Car and Driver, February 3, 2021</ref> Ekpughere ụdị ọkụ eletrik zuru oke nke F-150 na Mee 19, 2021, erere dị ka ọkụ ọkụ Ford F-150.<ref name=":1"/><ref name="autoblog20200610">{{Cite web|author=Lorio|first=Joe|date=June 10, 2020|title=Electric Ford F-150 and Transit EV coming 'within 24 months'|url=https://www.autoblog.com/2020/06/10/ford-f150-pickup-electric-coming-mid-2022/|accessdate=June 20, 2020|work=AutoBlog}}</ref> == Ụdị pụrụ iche == N'ime oge mmepụta ya, e mepụtala ụdị dị iche iche nke Ford F-Series iji dọta ndị na-azụ ahịa.  Ọ bụ ezie na ụdịdị ndị a bụ ngwungwu mkpụbelata, ndị ọzọ bụ ụdị arụmarụ dị elu ebe e jiri ụzọ dị iche iche arụpụta ọrụ dị iche iche ndị ọzọ. === Unibody F-Series (1961-1962) === Ford webatara ụdị ntụtụ ọhụrụ dị egwu na 1961 yana ọgbọ F-Series nke anọ.  Ogologo ma dị ala karịa ndị bu ya ụzọ, gwongworo ndị a abawanyela oke yana nhọrọ injin ọhụrụ na igbe gearbox.  Na mgbakwunye, ụdị 1961 – 1963 nyere ụdị nhọrọ nke enweghị mmadụ yana tagzi na akwa agbakwunyere.  A na-enye ụgbọ ala / akwa dị iche iche n'otu oge.  Otu onye ahụ enweghị mmasị na ya, Ford kwụsịrị nhọrọ ahụ ka afọ 1963 gachara. Site na 1961 ruo 1979, Ford nyere ọtụtụ ngwugwu nhọrọ pụrụ iche maka F-Series, nke emebere maka ndị nwe ya nwere ihe eji eme ụgbọ ala ha.  Maka 1961, ewebata ngwugwu nhọrọ Camper Special;  emebere maka ndị nwe ndị na-ama ụlọikwuu slide-in gwongworo, ngwungwu nhọrọ ahụ gosipụtara prewiring maka onye na-ama ụlọikwuu, nnyefe dị arọ na igwe jụrụ oyi, yana onye na-agbanwe ihe ka ukwuu.  Maka 1968, Ford webatara Pụrụ Iche Ndị Nrụ Ọrụ, yana Farm na Ranch Special, nke gosipụtara igbe ngwaọrụ na nkwusioru ọrụ dị arọ.  Ewebata Special Explorer dị ka ụdị dị ọnụ ala dị ala nke mkpụbelata Ranger.  Enyere Trailer Special ya na onye na-ahụ maka breeki ụgbọala na-adọkpụ, radiator na-arụ ọrụ dị arọ, igwe nju oyi na-ebugharị, na ihe ndọta. N'afọ 1980, e wepụrụ ngwugwu nhọrọ pụrụ iche dị ka akụkụ nke nhazigharị F-Series, ebe ọtụtụ njirimara gara n'ihu dị ka nhọrọ kwụ ọtọ;  Explorer gara n'ihu dị ka ụdị dị iche iche nke Ranger trim site na afọ nlereanya 1986. E rere site na 1991 ruo 1992 na Ford F-150 XLT Lariat, mbipụta pụrụ iche nke Nite bụ ngwugwu nhọrọ monochromatic, na-egosipụta agba ojii na mkpụbelata ya na eriri ụda olu multicolor.  Maka 1991, ọ bụ naanị ụgbọ ala F-150;  maka 1992, ọ dị na ụdị ahụ niile nke F-150 wee weba ya na Ford Bronco. Mbipụta Nite dị na mbanye nwere ụkwụ abụọ ma ọ bụ ụkwụ anọ nwere ma 5.0L ma ọ bụ 5.8L V8;  ọ gụnyekwara nkwusioru egwuregwu na wiil alloy na taya akwụkwọ ozi 235/75R15. For 1994, Ford introduced the Eddie Bauer trim level for the F-150. In a fashion similar to the same trim packages on the Aerostar, Bronco, and Explorer/Bronco II, it consisted of outdoors-themed interior trim with two-tone exterior paint. Ewebata ya dị ka ihe nlereanya 1993, Ford SVT Lightning bụ ụdị F-150 na-arụ ọrụ dị elu nke Ford Special Vehicle Team (SVT) mepụtara.  Ezubere dị ka onye asọmpi maka Chevrolet 454SS, SVT Lightning sitere na F-150;  iji meziwanye njikwa ya, e mere mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'ihu na azụ nkwusioru na etiti.  Kwadoro site na ụdị 240 hp nke 5.8L V8, Lightning jiri nnyefe akpaaka dị ọsọ 4 dị arọ sitere na F-350 (na-ejikọta ya na 7.5L V8 ma ọ bụ 7.3L diesel V8).  Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eme ngwa ngwa karịa GMC Syclone, Lightning ahụ jigidere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ike ịdọrọ na ịkwụ ụgwọ nke ọkọlọtọ Ford F-150.  Emepụtara site na 1993 ruo 1995, ewepụrụ ọgbọ mbụ SVT Lightning ka Ford na-akwado 1997 Ford F-150 maka ọrịre. Mgbe afọ atọ gachara, Ford wepụtara ọgbọ nke abụọ nke SVT Lightning maka afọ nlereanya 1999. N'ikwekọ na onye bu ya ụzọ na 1993-1995, ọgbọ nke abụọ Lightning dabeere na F-150 na ọtụtụ mgbanwe nkwụsị; na mgbanwe imewe, e mepụtara ihe atụ niile na àkwà FlareSide. N'ọnọdụ injin a kapịrị ọnụ, ọgbọ nke abụọ sitere na 5.4L V8 sitere na F-150, na-emepụta 360 hp (bawanye na 380 hp na 2001).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Benjamin|first=Hunting|title=Ford SVT Lightning Perfected the Modern Muscle Truck Formula|url=https://www.drivingline.com/articles/ford-svt-lightning-perfected-the-modern-muscle-truck-formula/|date=December 17, 2019|work=Driving Line|publisher=Nitto Tire|accessdate=December 19, 2019}}</ref> Dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, a na-ejikọta injin na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na nnyefe na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na F-350. N'ihi na 2004 redesign nke Ford F-150, na SVT Lightning adịghị gụnyere, na-ahapụ 2004 dị ka afọ ikpeazụ maka nlereanya akara.  Ọ bụ ezie na nleba anya n'ichepụta dị iche site na SVT Lightning, SVT/Ford Raptor bụ ọgbọ na-esote nke ụgbọ ala Ford F-Series na-arụ ọrụ dị elu. Site na 2000 ruo 2011, Harley-Davidson Edition bụ ngwugwu nhọrọ dị na F-150.  Isi ngwungwu mpụta nke na-egosipụta mkpụbelata ojii monochromatic, site na 2002 ruo 2003, mbipụta ahụ gụnyere ụdị nke 5.4L V8 nwere nnukwu chaja sitere na SVT Lightning.  N'afọ 2003, e wepụtara mbipụta 100th maka gwongworo SuperCrew F-150.  Maka afọ 2004, ngwugwu nhọrọ Harley-Davidson dị maka gwongworo F-250/F-350 Super Duty.  Mgbe 2008 gachara, ngwungwu nhọrọ ahụ nakweere ọtụtụ nhọrọ ndị egosipụtara na ọkwa Platinum trim, na-egosipụta oche akpụkpọ anụ emere site na ihe edobere maka jaket biker Harley-Davidson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=29845|title=New 2010 Ford Harley-Davidson F-150: tough truck with cool attitude; new details, inside and out|work=Ford Motor Company|date=February 10, 2009|accessdate=April 28, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416055311/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=29845|archivedate=April 16, 2009}}</ref> Maka 2012, Harley-Davidson Edition nọchiri ya site na ọkwa mbelata mbelata oke, na-ejigide mpụta mpụta monochromatic (na-agbanwe mkpụbelata ọgba tum tum gara aga). === SVT Raptor (2010-2014); Raptor (2017-dị ugbu a) === [[Usòrò:Ford_F-150_Raptor_SVT_-_blue_front.jpg|thumb|F-150 SVT Raptor]] Maka 2010, ewebata SVT Raptor dị ka ụgbọ ala F-Series nke abụọ nke Ford SVT kwalitere.  N'adịghị ka nkwalite n'okporo ụzọ SVT Lightning, atụmatụ Raptor kwalitere ike n'okporo ụzọ kwekọrọ na ụgbọ ala ịgba ọsọ ọzara Baja 1000 (n'agbanyeghị na-echekwa ọkwa ya dị ka ụgbọ okporo ụzọ iwu).  Na-ekekọrịta naanị ụgbọ ala ya na F-150, Raptor dabara na nkwusioru ogologo njem, taya buru ibu, na ihe nleba anya n'ihu.  Na nke mbụ n'ime ụgbọ ala Ford kemgbe 1983, akwụkwọ ozi FORD dochie akara ngosi Ford Blue Oval. N'ihi na 2015 redesign nke F-Series, ihe nlereanya e debere na a afọ abụọ hiatus, na nke abụọ ọgbọ Raptor (dobe SVT prefix) wepụtara maka 2017 mmepụta.  Ugbu a sitere na F-Series nke iri na atọ, Raptor nakweere ahụ aluminom (na-ebelata ibu ya site na ihe karịrị 500 pound).  Na mgbanwe ọzọ, igwe V8 nke ọgbọ gara aga ka ejiri otu ejima-turbocharged V6 dochie ya. A tọhapụrụ ọgbọ Raptor nke atọ maka 2021 (dakọtara na mwepụta nke usoro F-ọgbọ nke iri na anọ).  Nkwụsị azụ ahụ gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi iyi (na-adaba isi iyi akwụkwọ ndị gara aga), taya buru ibu agbakwunyere, na SuperCrew ghọrọ nhazi ụgbọ ala naanị.  Maka 2023, injin V8 laghachiri na Raptor dị ka nhọrọ. === F-150 King Ranch (2001-dị ugbu a) === <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blueovaltrucks.com/ford_articles/history-of-the-ford-king-ranch/|title=History of the Ford King Ranch|work=Blue Oval Trucks}}</ref>N'afọ 2001, ngalaba ahịa nke Ford kwadoro mmekorita ya na King Ranch 825,000-acre dị na ndịda [[Texas]], nke bụ nnukwu anụ ụlọ na Texas na United States na nke na-arụ ọrụ nnukwu ụgbọ ala Ford.  Ejiri akara King Ranch's Running W chọọ gwongworo ahụ ma were akpụkpọ anụ sadulu kwụchie ya.  Ọ bụ gwongworo pickup dị fechaa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere akụkụ ndị njem zuru oke na ọnụ ụzọ 4 zuru oke, na-aghọ ụgbọ mmiri SuperCrew.  Tinyere Limited na Platinum, King Ranch na-aga n'ihu na-agụnye njedebe okomoko nke ụdị F-150.  40% nke King Ranch F-150 ahịa dị na Texas, ahịa gwongworo kasịnụ nke Ford.[1] Ewebatara maka 2009, Platinum bụ mkpụbelata na okomoko nke Ford F-150.  Na-edochi nke ọma Lincoln Mark LT na United States na Canada[1] (n'agbanyeghị na mmepụta ya gara n'ihu site na 2014 na Mexico), Platinum nakweere ọtụtụ njirimara okomoko na ọdịnaya sitere na Mark LT na-eji ụdị mpụta emeri emeri karịa (Platinum dabara adaba).  ya na grille eggcrate yiri ụdị mbụ nke Ford Expedition).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=122468|title=RIP: Lincoln Mark LT|work=[[Inside Line]]|date=September 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033620/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId%3D122468|archivedate=September 30, 2007|accessdate=September 4, 2007}}</ref> Na 2013, Ford malitere iji Platinum trim maka gwongworo Super Duty, site na F-250 gaa na gwongworo F-450.  Ruo 2016, mkpụbelata Platinum bụ ngwungwu mgbakwunye na Super Duty nke enyere iwu ka Lariat.  2017 hụrụ Platinum ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa mkpụbelata dị iche.  [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ] Maka afọ nlereanya 2014, Ford gosipụtara ụdị Tremor nke F-150. A tọhapụrụ Tremor dị ka ụgbọala egwuregwu dị elu maka ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi n'okporo ámá. Tremor nke na-adabere n'ụdị FX Appearance Package na 3.5 Liter EcoBoost engine na 4.10 azụ axle. Ihe dị n'ime ya na-eji ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, oche bọket a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ihe na-agafe n'etiti etiti nke a na-adịghị ahụ na F-150 ọ bụla ọzọ. A na-enweta Tremor na 4x2 na 4x4. Nhọrọ abụọ ahụ gosipụtara ọdịiche dị n'azụ mkpọchi eletrọniki na nkwụsị ahaziri ahazi. E wuru ala ọma jijiji 2,230 . [[Usòrò:Ford_F-Series_truck_(5043837888).jpg|thumb|Mbido afọ 1970 Ford F600/F700]] Maka ọtụtụ n'ime mmepụta ya, a na-ere F-Series n'ụdị nhazi ụgbọ ala na-arụkarị ọrụ n'akụkụ gwongworo eburu omenala.  Malite na 1948 site na 1 1⁄2 ton F-5 (mgbe e mesịrị F-500), gwongworo ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ruru F-8 (F-800).  Tupu mmalite 1957 nke Ford C-Series tilt-cab, a na-enye ndị ọrụ na-ajụ ọrụ dị ka ma a na-emekarị ma na nhazi COE (cabover). Following the introduction of the fifth-generation F-Series in 1967, the medium-duty trucks were designed separately from the pickup truck range. Although remaining part of the F-Series range, the medium-duty trucks shared only the cab and interior with the F-Series pickup trucks. Since 1967, the cab design has changed only in 1980 and in 2000. Redesigned on an all-new chassis, the 2016 F-Series medium-duty trucks retain an updated version of the 2000–2015 F-650/F750 cab. F-Series na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enye onyinye maka B-Series cowled bus chassis nke emepụtara site na 1948 ruo 1998. Emepụtara ya maka ozu ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ, a kwụsịrị B-Series dị ka akụkụ nke ire ụgbọ ala Ford dị arọ.  Line na Freightliner na 1996. N'elu ụgbọ ala ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, F-Series nyekwara aka dị ka ihe ndabere nke ahịrị ụgbọ ala azụmahịa ya ruo ọgbọ anọ.  N'afọ 1951, Ford debuted aha "Big Job" maka ụgbọ ala F-7 na F-8;  Nke ikpeazụ bụ nhọrọ nke dabara na tandem azụ axles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 20, 2007|title=1950–1959 Ford Trucks|url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1950-1959-ford-trucks2.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030121512/https://auto.howstuffworks.com/1950-1959-ford-trucks2.htm|archivedate=October 30, 2012|accessdate=May 27, 2017|work=HowStuffWorks|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 1958, e ji akara Extra Heavy Duty dochie nnukwu ụgbọala Big Job.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-02|title=HowStuffWorks "1958 Ford Trucks"|url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1950-1959-ford-trucks9.htm|accessdate=2023-07-10|work=web.archive.org|archivedate=2012-09-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902000449/http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1950-1959-ford-trucks9.htm}}</ref> N'ikwekọ na mmalite nke Super Duty V8 engine line, a na-egosi ụgbọala ndị nwere engines ndị ahụ dị ka ụgbọala Super Duty.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1961 Ford Truck Full Line Brochure|url=http://oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/FMC%20Trucks-Vans/1961_Trucks-Vans/1961%20Ford%20Full%20Line%20Brochure/image9.html|accessdate=2023-07-10|work=oldcarbrochures.com}}</ref> Na 1963, Ford webatara N-Series mkpụmkpụ mkpuchi mkpuchi, dochie F-900 Super Duty/Extra Heavy Duty.  Ford nke mbụ nwere igwe mmanụ dizel, N-Series si na F-Series nweta ụgbọ ya, jikọtara ya na mkpuchi dị mkpụmkpụ, nke sara mbara ma na-ebuli ya elu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-25|title=HowStuffWorks "1963 Ford Trucks"|url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1960-1969-ford-trucks4.htm|accessdate=2023-07-10|work=web.archive.org|archivedate=2011-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908065438/http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1960-1969-ford-trucks4.htm}}</ref> Ford webatara ahịrị L-Series "Louisville" nke gwongworo a na-emekarị na 1970, na-ejedebe ihe niile F-Series na ụgbọ ala azụmahịa ya dị arọ.  L-Series/Aeromax nọgidere na-emepụta site na 1998, na-adaba na ire nke Ford heavy-truck line na Freightliner (onye rere ahịrị dị ka Sterling Trucks site na 2009).  Na mpụga North America, Ford na-ere ugbu a ụgbọ ala Ford Cargo na Ford F-MAX COE. === Vans === Maka ọgbọ atọ mbụ nke F-Series, Ford nyere ahịrị ihe nlereanya n'ime nhazi van panel, na-egosipụta ahụ gbachiri emechi maka ibu ibu.  N'adịghị ka General Motors, Ford enyeghị onye njem "carryall" dị iche iche nke ahụ a (na-asọmpi Chevrolet/GMC Suburban ma ọ bụ International Travelall).  N'ihi na 1961, a kwụsịrị panel van, na-eso mmeghe nke Ford Econoline van. Site na 1968 ruo na mmepụta ugbu a, ndị Econoline / Club Wagon / E-Series vans nwere ogo nke na-ekekọrịta ike na ụgbọ ala F-Series;  n'ime 1970s, e kekọrọ ụfọdụ akụkụ ahụ.  Ọ bụ ezie na emepụtara ugbu a dị ka chassis cutaway maka ire ere, E-Series ka na-ekerịta powertrain ya na gwongworo Ford Super Duty nke ugbu a. [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pf2dyt1fce11ct65qslsej2zvkhw8ik 0 30330 727668 674342 2026-09-24T17:40:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television episode|series=[[Community (TV series)|Community]]|image_size=|caption=|season=2|episode=22|airdate={{Start date|2011|4|28}}|production=221|writer=[[Karey Dornetto]]|director=[[Jay Chandrasekhar]]|guests=*[[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]] as Andre *[[John Oliver]] as [[Ian Duncan (Community)|Dr. Ian Duncan]] * [[Jim Rash]] as [[Dean Craig Pelton]] *[[Charley Koontz]] as Fat Neil *Danielle Kaplowitz as Vicki *[[Dino Stamatopoulos]] as Star-Burns|prev=[[Paradigms of Human Memory]]|next=[[A Fistful of Paintballs]]|season_article=Community (season 2)|episode_list=List of Community episodes}} "Et Etinyere Artypology na Arty" bụ ihe omume nke iri abụọ na abụọ nke oge nke abụọ nke Community. E gosipụtara ya na mbụ na Eprel 28, 2011, na NBC. N'ime ihe omume ahụ, Shirley na-arụ [[Ọmụmụ nwa|ọrụ]] na mberede n'oge asọmpi Anthropology nke otu ahụ. Ọgba aghara nri na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ebe nile site n'aka ndị na eme na-egbochi ha ịkpọrọ ya gaa ụlọ ọgwụ n'oge, ha ga-enyekwa aka mụọ nwa ya na klas. Ọ bụ Karey Dornetto dere ihe omume ahụ ma Jay Chandrasekhar duziri ya. Ọ nwetara nyocha dị mma. == Atụmatụ == Ìgwè ọmụmụ ihe na ụmụ klas ha na-enwe ule ikpeazụ nke Anthropology, nke bụ ihe ọchị. Dean Pelton (Jim Rash) na mberede na-egosi onye nta akụkọ maka Dean ''Magazine'' onye na-eme otu ihe na Dean ma kpọọ ya ka ọ hụ nke ikpeazụ. Dr. Ian Duncan (John Oliver) na-eme ihe ngọpụ ma gbapụ. Mmiri nke Shirley (Yvette Nicole Brown) na-agbaji, na-azọpụta klas ahụ ka ha ghara ikweta na klas Anthropology ha bụ nke adịgboroja. Dean kpebiri ime ka ụgbọala na agbamakwụkwọ ya buru Shirley gaa ụlọ ọgwụ. Otú ọ dị, ọgba aghara malitere na mmemme nri n'ebe a na-adọba na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị nke ụwa họrọ ọrụ ụzọ ámá nke ozor na ímé nwanne nke ụwa ụgbọala ma hapụ ya ka ọ nọrọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ. Abed (Danny Pudi) nwere ike ịmụ nwa agbọghọ nwere ike ịbelata ọtụtụ ndị na eme ka anyị si egosi na anyị na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ ọrụ ụzọ ndị mmadụ n'ihe banyere ụkpụrụ (dị ka egosiri na "The Psychology of Letting Go"), mana Shirley jụrụ ikwe ka Abed hụ "nethers" ya. Kama nke ahụ, Abed na-eduzi Britta (Gillian Jacobs), onye na-akwado ọmụmụ ọmụmụ nwa Shirley, site na usoro ọmụmụ. N'ime ihe omume ahụ, Chang (Ken Jeong) na-enye Shirley nsogbu banyere otu esi amụọ "ụmụ ọhụrụ gbanwere", ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-atụ anya na nwa ahụ bụ nke ya ("Epidemiology"). N'oge ọ na-agbatị, Chang na-eme ka ọ dajụọ site n'akụkọ banyere ọmụmụ ndị ikwu ya - ụmụ ọhụrụ Chang. Di Shirley, Andre (Malcolm-Jamal Warner) rutere iji nyere ya aka n'oge ikpeazụ nke ịmụ nwa. Shirley mụrụ nwa nwoke, nke doro anya na ọ bụ nke Andre. N'inwe ekele maka enyemaka Chang n'oge ọmụmụ, Shirley gụrụ nwa ahụ "Ben" n'aha ya. Na ngwụcha ihe omume ahụ, a na-egosi na Dean ''Magazine'' mechiri mgbe naanị mbipụta abụọ gasịrị. == Mmepụta == "Applied Anthropology and Culinary Arts" bụ Karey Dornetto dere, nke ise ya na-ede akwụkwọ na usoro ahụ. Ọ bụ Jay Chandrasekhar duziri ya, nke atọ ya na-eduzi usoro ahụ. KUAM gosipụtara ihe omume ahụ na Sunday, May 1, 2011 n'ihi The Royal Wedding, nke gosipụtara n'ụtụtụ echi ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ NBC, na-ebute ihe omume ahụ.<ref name="kuam">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kuam.com/story/14538122/2011/04/Thursday/royal-wedding-preempts-kuam-lineup|title=Royal Wedding Preempts KUAM Line Up|work=KUAM|date=April 28, 2011|accessdate=April 29, 2011}}</ref> == Ihe odide ọdịbendị == Abed na Troy jiri onyinye Pierce "zụta" aka ha tụnyere nkwekọrịta yiri nke ahụ na Indecent Proposal.<ref name="tvfanatic">{{Cite web|title=Community Review: Birthing Ben Bennett|url=http://www.tvfanatic.com/2011/04/community-review-applied-anthropology-and-culinary-arts/|work=TV Fanatic|date=April 29, 2011|author=Kirkpatrick|first=Jeffrey|accessdate=July 6, 2011}}</ref> Dean Pelton jiri ọrụ nna ya tụnyere ihe nkiri egwu Children of the Corn .<ref name="hollywood">{{Cite web|title='Community' Recap: Applied Anthropology and Culinary Arts|url=http://www.hollywood.com/news/Community_Recap_Applied_Anthropology_and_Culinary_Arts/7788752|work=Hollywood.com|date=April 29, 2011|author=Stahler|first=Kelsea|accessdate=July 6, 2011}}</ref> == Nnakwere == === Ntụle === Na mgbasa ozi mbụ ya na Eprel 28, 2011, "Applied Anthropology and Culinary Arts" ka e mere atụmatụ nde mmadụ 3.35 lere anya, na ọkwa Nielsen nke 1.4 na 18-49 demographic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thursday Final Ratings: 'Idol,' 'Grey's,' 'Big Bang,' 'CSI,' '20/20' Adjusted Up; 'Community' Down + 'Office,' 'Parks & Rec' Finals|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/04/29/thursday-final-ratings-idol-greys-big-bang-csi-adjusted-up-community-down-the-office-parks-rec-finals/90975/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502025824/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/04/29/thursday-final-ratings-idol-greys-big-bang-csi-adjusted-up-community-down-the-office-parks-rec-finals/90975|archivedate=May 2, 2011|work=TV by the Numbers|date=April 29, 2011|author=Gorman|first=Bill|accessdate=July 6, 2011}}</ref> Ihe omume ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. Jeffrey Kirkpatrick nyere ya ọkwa 4.2/5, ma too Ken Jeong na Gillian Jacobs dịka ndị kachasị mma na usoro ahụ, "site na otu kilomita".<ref name="tvfanatic"/><ref name="hollywood"/><ref name="surveillance">{{Cite web|title=Community "Applied Anthropology and Culinary Arts"|url=http://tvsurveillance.com/2011/04/29/community-applied-anthropology-and-culinary-arts/|work=TV Surveillance|date=April 29, 2011|author=Barker|first=Cory|accessdate=July 12, 2011|archivedate=October 13, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013162837/http://tvsurveillance.com/2011/04/29/community-applied-anthropology-and-culinary-arts/}}</ref> Cory Barker nke TV Surveillance kwuru na ihe omume ahụ abụghị "ihe mgbagwoju anya", mana o nwere "ọtụtụ mmetụta siri ike, ihe anyị na-ahụbeghị site na usoro ahụ maka ọtụtụ oge a".<ref name="surveillance" /> Kelsea Stahler nke Hollywood.com kwuru "Ọbụna mgbe anyị nwetara ihe omume nke na-ekwu maka ịhụnanya na ọbụbụenyi na Community, anyị na-ahụkarị ahịrịokwu ole na ole dị mkpa n'ụzọ. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ bụghị ihe ọjọọ. Ihe anyị hụrụ n'abalị gara aga, bụ ihe omume nke Community nke jupụtara n'obi, ọchị ole na ole na otu nwa ọhụrụ na-eyi ihe adịgboroja.<ref name="hollywood" /> Steve Heisler nke The A.V. Club nyere ihe omume ahụ akara B+, na-ekwu na ọ masịrị usoro ahụ "[na-apụ] n'ụzọ nke ya wee hapụ Shirley ka ọ mụọ nwa ya. "<ref name="av">{{Cite web|title=Applied Anthropology And Culinary Arts|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/applied-anthropology-and-culinary-arts,55158/|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=April 28, 2011|author=Heisler|first=Steve|accessdate=July 6, 2011|archive-date=July 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715165834/http://www.avclub.com/articles/applied-anthropology-and-culinary-arts%2C55158/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == 3ku9ayvh40tqro9o823hidrkmm935vr 0 30339 727689 516584 2026-09-24T18:17:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727689 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Usòrò:Ukeagu_Ezenwa_2.jpg|thumb]]  {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Free_Throw.jpg|thumb]] [[Usòrò:UkeaguDdorf3.jpg|thumb]] '''Ezenwa Ukeagu''' bụ onye bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ bọọlụ nke amụrụ na Los Angeles, California. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Washington State University Cougars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsucougars.com/news/2013/4/18/208186063.aspx?path=mbball|title=Player Bio: Ezenwa Ukeagu :: Men's Basketball}}</ref> Ọ dị 6'8 na 253lbs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.draftexpress.com/profile/Ezenwa-Ukeagu-32094/stats/|title=DraftExpressProfile: Ezenwa Ukeagu, Stats, Comparisons, and Outlook|accessdate=2016-09-04|archivedate=2016-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915191357/http://www.draftexpress.com/profile/Ezenwa-Ukeagu-32094/stats/}}</ref> Ọ nọ na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa n'afọ 2011. == Afọ Ndị Mbido == Ukeagu gbara bọọlụ n'etiti Coral Springs High ebe o nwetara akara 17 ma wepụ rebounds itoolu n'egwuregwu ọ bụla dị ka nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị. A kpọrọ ya aha na otu asọmpi niile na Kreul Christmas Classic... Preseason Honorable All-American site na Street & Smith's... họpụtara na otu All-Broward County. Ọ bụkwa onye mmeri akwụkwọ ozi ugboro abụọ na basketball.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wsucougars.com/sports/2013/4/18/208186063.aspx|title=Player Bio: Ezenwa Ukeagu :: Men's Basketball|work=wsucougars.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-06-25}}</ref> == Afọ kọleji == <nowiki>*</nowiki> Egwuregwu na Mahadum Steeti nke New York, Binghamton dị ka onye ọhụrụ. Ọ malitere egwuregwu iri abụọ na atọ maka Mahadum Binghamton...nkezi 8.2 na 6.9 rebounds... gbara pasentị 52 site n'ọhịa... dekọrọ otu 27 dị elu. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Ọ nọrọ n'afọ nke abụọ na Palm Beach Community College. Nkezi 13 na 11 rebounds kwa egwuregwu na Palm Beach Community College... nwetara nsọpụrụ niile... ahọpụtara na egwuregwu North-South Junior College All-Star nke Florida. Mahadum Washington State, Mahadum St. Bonaventure, Mahadim Miami, Mahadam Quinnipiac, Mahadম Cleveland State na Mahadum Winthrop na-ewe ya n'ọrụ. O kpebiri ịga Mahadum Washington State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://n.rivals.com/content/prospects/2002/ezenwa-ukeagu-149138#school-interests|title=Ezenwa Ukeagu, 2002 Power forward - Rivals.com|work=n.rivals.com|accessdate=2018-06-25|archivedate=2018-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625050222/https://n.rivals.com/content/prospects/2002/ezenwa-ukeagu-149138#school-interests}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki>Ọ nọrọ obere oge na Mahadum Washington State. Ọ malitere ọrụ mbụ na No. 2 Arizona, Jenụwarị 9... meriri na ọnụọgụ abụọ ugboro anọ... chịkọtara 10 rebounds ugboro abụọ, megide No. 2 Arizon, Febụwarị 8, na otu izu mgbe e mesịrị na No. 24 Stanford...tinyekwara ohi abụọ megide Wildcats... nke atọ n'etiti ndị Cougars na rebounds (39), rebounds (58), ngụkọta rebounds (97), na nnwere onwe mgbalị (54)... nke abụọ na free throws mere (40) na ntinye anọ na ọkwa dị elu nke oge Trojans, na oge 8 / 8 / <nowiki>*</nowiki>Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Mahadum Washington State. O bidoro anọ, gụnyere atọ na Pac-10 omume... meriri na ọnụọgụ abụọ ugboro anọ, gụnyere ugboro atọ site na bench... ejikọtara ọrụ-dị elu na 15 vs. Idaho, Disemba 20... gbakwunyere oge asatọ dị elu megide ndị Vandals... malitere n'ụlọ ikpeazụ megide California, Machị 6 ma nyere Cougars aka inweta ebe na Pacific Life Pac-10 Tournament na akara 11, gụnyere 4-maka-4 ịgba égbè, na bọọdụ ise... nkezi isii na rebounds atọ na bench na UCLA (Feb. 5) na USC (Feb.) ka WSU kpochapụrụ Los Angeles maka oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke America... nwere akara 8.3, na ngụkọta ise n'egwuregwu atọ nke Top World. <nowiki>*</nowiki>2009-2010: Saint Vallier Basket Drome (France) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2010: BG Karlsruhe (Germany) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2011: ADA Blois Basket (France) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2011: Wamsler SE Salgotarjan (Hungary) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2011-2012: BBC Sparta Bertrange (Luxembourg) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2012: Basket Globalcaja Quintanar (Spain) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2013: CA Bizertin (Tunisia) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2013-2014: Tacapes De Gabes (Tunisia) <nowiki>*</nowiki>2014: Ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ala na Caborca (Mexico) == Ndị otu mba == N'afọ 2011, Ukeagu bụ onye otu egwuregwu basketball nke mba Naijiria. Ndị otu ahụ ji ọla nchara mechie asọmpi Afrịka ma bụrụ ebe kachasị elu ndị otu egwuregwu basketball nke Naijiria nwetara n'oge ahụ. == Ihe odide == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/50643/sid/7915/tid/340/tid2//_/2011_FIBA_Africa_Championship/index.html|title=Ezenwa Ukeagu profile, FIBA Africa Championship 2011|access-date=2023-09-24|archive-date=2023-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924000000/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/50643/sid/7915/tid/340/tid2//_/2011_FIBA_Africa_Championship/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Reflist}}{{Nigeria squad 2011 FIBA Africa Championship}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] byhs8fg5p9u2enyf4f8jhjf8bpgd55y 0 30360 727854 721825 2026-09-25T07:21:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727854 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''James Matthew Huff''' (amụrụ n'August 25, 1997) bụ onye America ọkachamara basketball player maka Denver Nuggets nke National [[Basketball]] Association (NBA), na nkwekọrịta ụzọ abụọ na Grand Rapids Gold nke NBA G League. Ọ gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka Virginia Cavaliers. == Ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị == Huff bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ bọọlụ afọ anọ maka Voyager Academy na Durham, North Carolina, ebe nna ya, Mike, zụrụ ya.<ref name="warnock">{{Cite web|author=Warnock|first=W. E.|title=Voyager Academy’s father-son Huff team gets one last game together in championship|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/high-school/article65235357.html|work=[[The News & Observer]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=March 10, 2016}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 21, 2016, dị ka onye okenye, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ebute akara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya.<ref name="best">{{Cite web|author=Best|first=Bonitta|title=Huff voyages into the record books|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/community/durham-news/dn-sports/article56956153.html|work=[[The News & Observer]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=January 27, 2016}}</ref> Huff duuru ndị otu ya gaa na Class 1A steeti, na-enweta ihe nrite kachasị mma mgbe o dekọrọ okpukpu atọ nke akara 14, 14 rebounds na 10 blocks na nke ikpeazụ.<ref name="warnock2">{{Cite web|author=Warnock|first=W. E.|title=Jay Huff’s triple-double leads Voyager Academy to 1A basketball title over Winston-Salem Prep|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/high-school/article65700282.html|work=[[The News & Observer]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=March 12, 2016}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara oge ahụ na-enweta akara 16.3, 10.1 rebounds na 5.5 assists kwa egwuregwu.<ref name="ratcliffe">{{Cite web|author=Ratcliffe|first=Jerry|title=UVa's Jay Huff is hungry for more|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/uva-s-jay-huff-is-hungry-for-more/article_66ac02f4-e201-5063-94fd-97aa15a0d730.html|work=[[The Daily Progress]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=November 10, 2017|archive-date=March 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309133522/https://dailyprogress.com/uva-s-jay-huff-is-hungry-for-more/article_66ac02f4-e201-5063-94fd-97aa15a0d730.html|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRatcliffe2017">Ratcliffe, Jerry (November 10, 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220309133522/https://dailyprogress.com/uva-s-jay-huff-is-hungry-for-more/article_66ac02f4-e201-5063-94fd-97aa15a0d730.html "UVa's Jay Huff is hungry for more"]. ''[[Ọganihu Kwa Ụbọchị|The Daily Progress]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Onye natara kpakpando anọ, Huff kpebisiri ike igwu basketball kọleji maka Virginia.<ref name="polacek">{{Cite web|author=Polacek|first=Scott|title=Jay Huff to Virginia: Cavaliers Land 4-Star PF Prospect|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2472790-jay-huff-to-virginia-cavaliers-land-4-star-pf-prospect|publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> == Ọrụ kọleji == Huff redshirt n'afọ mbụ ya iji melite ike na ịdị arọ ya. Ọ nwetara ihe dị ka kilogram iri atọ (14 ) n'oge oge redshirt ọhụrụ ya malitere.<ref name="ratcliffe"/> Huff nwetara nkezi 3.4 na 1.9 rebounds kwa egwuregwu dị ka onye ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Darney|first=Caroline|title=Jay Huff is developing in front of our eyes, and it’s magical|url=https://www.streakingthelawn.com/2019/1/25/18194181/ncaa-basketball-virginia-cavaliers-jay-huff-developing-playing-time-hoonicorn|work=Streaking the Lawn|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=January 29, 2019}}</ref> N'April 4, 2018, mgbe oge ọhụrụ ya gasịrị, a mara ọkwa na Huff ga-ahapụ ọnwa atọ ma ọ bụ anọ mgbe a wasịrị ya maka labrum dọkara adọka.<ref name="blum">{{Cite web|author=Blum|first=Sam|title=Jay Huff out 3-4 months with torn labrum|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/sports/jay-huff-out---months-with-torn-labrum/article_562b07be-385f-11e8-898b-2702de40bf54.html|work=[[The Daily Progress]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=April 4, 2018}}</ref> Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ nke abụọ, ọ nwetara akara 4.4 na 2.1 rebounds na nkeji 9.3 kwa egwuregwu na otu mmeri mba.<ref name="virginia">{{Cite web|title=Jay Huff|url=https://virginiasports.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/jay-huff/6749|publisher=University of Virginia Athletics|accessdate=April 21, 2020}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 18, 2020, Huff nwetara akara 17 na blọk isii na mmeri 63-58 na Georgia Tech.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Virginia snaps 3-game skid with 63–58 win over Georgia Tech|url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/recap?gameId=401168477|accessdate=April 21, 2020|work=[[ESPN]]|date=January 18, 2020}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 29, Huff dekọrọ ihe 15, 10 blocks na rebounds itoolu na mmeri 52-50 na Duke. Ọ sonyeere Ralph Sampson dị ka naanị ndị egwuregwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nwere ọ dịkarịa ala blọk 10 n'egwuregwu.<ref name="gatto">{{Cite web|author=Gatto|first=Tom|title=Virginia's Jay Huff enters Ralph Sampson territory by standing tall vs. Duke|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/ncaa-basketball/news/jay-huff-virginia-duke-blocked-shots-ralph-sampson/7i6pqwamoo981svewdwyrqsm9|work=[[Sporting News]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=February 29, 2020}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-eto eto, Huff na-enweta akara 8.5, 6.2 rebounds na blocks abụọ n'egwuregwu ọ bụla, nke niile bụ ọrụ kachasị elu.<ref name="virginia" /> Mgbe oge ahụ gasịrị, o kwupụtara maka draft NBA nke afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willett|first=Preston|title=Jay Huff enters name in NBA Draft process|url=https://www.cbs19news.com/story/42070094/jay-huff-enters-name-in-nba-draft-process|accessdate=May 1, 2020|work=CBS19|date=April 29, 2020|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024185449/https://www.cbs19news.com/story/42070094/jay-huff-enters-name-in-nba-draft-process|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ tụgharịrị mkpebi ya, ọ mara ọkwa na ọ ga-alaghachi na UVA maka oge kachasị elu ya n'August 1, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Conlin|first=Bennett|title=Jay Huff withdraws from NBA Draft, plans to return for senior season at Virginia|url=https://dailyprogress.com/sports/jay-huff-withdraws-from-nba-draft-plans-to-return-for-senior-season-at-virginia/article_32060571-d2b7-5882-a4ee-b825e09575db.html|work=[[The Daily Progress]]|accessdate=August 1, 2020|date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> Mgbe oge 2020-21 gasịrị, Huff kwupụtara maka draft NBA nke 2021. == Ọrụ ọkachamara == === Los Angeles Lakers (2021-2022) === Mgbe ọ na-agaghị na 2021 NBA draft, Huff sonyeere Washington Wizards maka 2021 NBA Summer League.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wizards announce 2021 Summer League roster|url=https://www.nba.com/wizards/wizards-announce-2021-summer-league-roster|work=NBA.com|date=August 4, 2021|accessdate=September 24, 2021}}</ref> Na Septemba 21, 2021, ọ bịanyere aka na Wizards, mana a hapụrụ ya na Ọktoba 13.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Luke|author=Adams|title=Wizards Cut Jay Huff, Jordan Schakel|url=https://www.hoopsrumors.com/2021/10/wizards-cut-jay-huff-jordan-schakel.html|work=HoopsRumors.com|date=October 13, 2021|accessdate=October 18, 2021}}</ref> N'October 18, 2021, Huff bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ụzọ abụọ na Los Angeles Lakers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lakers Sign Jay Huff to Two-Way Contract|url=https://www.nba.com/lakers/releases/lakers-sign-jay-huff-two-way-contract-211018|work=NBA.com|date=October 18, 2021|accessdate=October 18, 2021}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 12, 2022, a hapụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lakers Sign Sekou Doumbouya to Two-Way Contract|url=https://www.nba.com/lakers/releases/lakers-sign-sekou-doumbouya-two-way-contract-waive-jay-huff-1-12-22|accessdate=January 12, 2022|work=NBA}}</ref> === South Bay Lakers (2022-2023) === Na Jenụwarị 16, 2022, South Bay Lakers nwetara Huff ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Bay Lakers on Twitter: "OFFICIAL: The #SBLakers have acquired Jay Huff as a returning rights player. In a related move, the team has waived Willie Jackson"|url=https://twitter.com/SouthBayLakers/status/1482843162401935361|accessdate=January 18, 2022|work=Twitter}}</ref> Huff sonyeere ndị Los Angeles Lakers 'NBA Summer League nke 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Los Angeles Lakers 2022 NBA2K23 Summer League Roster {{!}} NBA.com|url=https://www.nba.com/summer-league/2022/vegas/team/1610612747/lakers|accessdate=2022-07-21|work=www.nba.com}}</ref> Na Summer League mbụ ya maka Lakers, Huff nwetara akara itoolu na rebounds asaa na mmeri 100-66 megide Miami Heat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Los Angeles Lakers vs Miami Heat Jul 2, 2022 Box Scores {{!}} NBA.com|url=https://www.nba.com/game/lal-vs-mia-1322200001/box-score#box-score|accessdate=2022-07-21|work=www.nba.com}}</ref> Na Julaị 27, 2022, Huff bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta Exhibit 10 na Los Angeles Lakers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lakers Sign Jay Huff|url=https://www.nba.com/lakers/news/lakers-sign-jay-huff-072622?amp=1|accessdate=July 27, 2022|date=July 27, 2022|work=NBA.com}}</ref> A hapụrụ ya n'ụbọchị iri na ise nke ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2022. O mechara laghachi South Bay. === Washington Wizards (2023) === Na Machị 2, 2023, Huff bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ụzọ abụọ na Washington Wizards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wizards Sign Jay Huff to Two-Way Contract|url=https://www.nba.com/wizards/news/wizards-sign-jay-huff-to-two-way-contract|accessdate=March 2, 2023|work=NBA}}</ref> N'April 4, a kpọrọ ya NBA G League Defensive Player of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jay Huff Named 2022-23 KIA NBA G League Defensive Player of the Year|url=https://capitalcity.gleague.nba.com/news/jay-huff-named-2022-23-kia-nba-g-league-defensive-player-of-the-year|work=NBA.com|date=April 4, 2023|accessdate=April 4, 2023}}</ref> Na Julaị 3, 2023, Huff sonyeere ndị otu Houston Rockets Summer League.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rockets Summer League roster 2023: Details of players, coaches, schedule and more|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/basketball/rockets-summer-league-roster-2023-details-players-coaches-schedule|accessdate=2023-09-25|archivedate=2023-07-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708090612/https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/basketball/rockets-summer-league-roster-2023-details-players-coaches-schedule}}</ref> === Denver Nuggets (2023-dị ugbu a) === Na Julaị 18, 2023, Huff bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ụzọ abụọ na Denver Nuggets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NUGGETS SIGN GILLESPIE, HUFF AND KEY TO TWO-WAY CONTRACTS|url=https://www.nba.com/nuggets/news/nuggets-sign-gillespie-huff-and-key-to-two-way-contracts|work=NBA.com|date=July 18, 2023|accessdate=July 18, 2023}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{NBA player statistics legend}} === NBA === {{NBA player statistics start}} |- | style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2021}} | style="text-align:left;"| [[2021–22 Los Angeles Lakers season|L.A. Lakers]] | 4 || 0 || 5.0 || .000 || .000 || — || 1.0 || .3 || .3 || .3 || .0 |- | style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2022}} | style="text-align:left;"| [[2022–23 Washington Wizards season|Washington]] | '''7''' || 0 || '''13.6''' || '''.600''' || '''.500''' || .938 || '''3.0''' || '''1.4''' || '''.4''' || '''.6''' || '''7.3''' |- class="sortbottom" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career | 11 || 0 || 10.5 || .536 || .429 || .938 || 2.3 || 1.0 || .4 || .5 || 4.6 {{S-end}} === Kọleji === {{NBA player statistics start}} |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2016–17]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team|Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" colspan="11"| [[File:Redshirt.svg|15px|Redshirt]] Redshirt |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2017–18]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team|Virginia]] | 12 || 0 || 8.8 || '''.680''' || .286 || .625 || 1.9 || .3 || .1 || 1.2 || 3.4 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2018–19]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team|Virginia]] | '''34''' || 0 || 9.3 || .604 || '''.452''' || .667 || 2.1 || .2 || .2 || .7 || 4.4 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2019–20]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2019–20 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team|Virginia]] | 30 || 18 || 25.0 || .571 || .358 || .540 || 6.2 || .8 || .4 || 2.0 || 8.5 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2020–21]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2020–21 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team|Virginia]] | 25 || '''25''' || '''27.0''' || .585 || .387 || '''.837''' || '''7.1''' || '''1.0''' || '''.5''' || '''2.6''' || '''13.0''' |- class="sortbottom" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career | 101 || 43 || 18.3 || .588 || .386 || .679 || 4.5 || .6 || .3 || 1.6 || 7.6 {{S-end}} == Ndụ onwe onye == Nne na nna Huff abụọ bụbu ndị egwuregwu basketball na kọleji. Nna ya, Mike, gbara bọọlụ maka Mahadum Lutheran nke Pacific, nne ya, Kathy, gbara bọlụ maka West Virginia.<ref name="ratcliffe"/> Mike bụ onye nduzi nke Michael W. Krzyzewski Human Performance Laboratory na Mahadum Duke.<ref name="needelman">{{Cite web|author=Needelman|first=Josh|title=Higher calling: Jay Huff's faith has been tested — and validated — at Virginia|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/sports/cavalierinsider/higher-calling-jay-huffs-faith-has-been-tested-and-validated-at-virginia/article_27b0cf74-2a7e-11e9-b722-cfb470d4fa82.html|work=[[The Daily Progress]]|accessdate=April 21, 2020|date=February 7, 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNeedelman2019">Needelman, Josh (February 7, 2019). [https://www.dailyprogress.com/sports/cavalierinsider/higher-calling-jay-huffs-faith-has-been-tested-and-validated-at-virginia/article_27b0cf74-2a7e-11e9-b722-cfb470d4fa82.html "Higher calling: Jay Huff's faith has been tested — and validated — at Virginia"]. ''[[Ọganihu Kwa Ụbọchị|The Daily Progress]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Huff bụ onye otu Chi Alpha Christian fellowship na Mahadum Virginia.<ref name="needelman"/> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://virginiasports.com/player/jay-huff/ Virginia Cavaliers bio] {{Denver Nuggets current roster}}{{Grand Rapids Gold current roster}}{{NBA G League Defensive Players of the Year}}{{2019 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball navbox}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h52ok3oerqf2r60g3eoesv5w6azkgsu 0 30444 727644 721044 2026-09-24T14:58:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Ekenechukwu Brian "Ekene" Ibekwe (amụrụ na Julaị 19, 1985) bụ onye Naijiria America ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ maka Urunday Universitario nke Liga Uruguaya de Básquetbol . Ọ gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka Mahadum Maryland na College Park ma na-anọchite anya otu bọọlụ mba Naijiria na asọmpi mba ụwa. == Ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị == Ibekwe gara Carson High School na Carson, [[California]]. Dị ka onye okenye na 2002-03, ọ bụ onye otu nke abụọ Parade All-American mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara 19.9, 10.2 rebounds na 4.4 blocks kwa egwuregwu na-eduga ndị otu ya na ndekọ 23-4 na njedebe nke ọkara ikpeazụ na asọmpi obodo Los Angeles. O nwetakwara nsọpụrụ steeti niile na otu mbụ "All-Dream Team" site na Long Beach Press-Telegram dị ka onye okenye, ebe a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu mbụ nke obodo All-L.A., ndị otu mbụ All-South Bay na ndị otu ya MVP dị ka onye na-eto eto na onye okenye.<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.umterps.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=29700&ATCLID=207383139|title=#25 Ekene Ibekwe|work=umterps.com|accessdate=August 17, 2014|archivedate=November 29, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129102738/http://www.umterps.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=207383139&DB_OEM_ID=29700}}</ref> == Ọrụ kọleji == N'oge ọhụrụ ya na Maryland, Ibekwe bụ naanị onye ọhụrụ na-egwu egwuregwu 32 niile, na-amalite asaa n'oge oge ọhụrụ ya. Ọ butere Terps na mgbochi mgbochi na 44, nkezi nke 1.4 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla, na-aghọ onye mbido mbụ na-eduga Terps na mkpọchi mgbochi kemgbe Joe Smith (1993-94). N'egwuregwu 32 ndị ahụ, ọ na-enweta akara 4.9 na 3.9 rebounds kwa egwuregwu.<ref name="bio"/><ref name="stats">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/ekene-ibekwe-1.html|title=Ekene Ibekwe Stats|work=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=August 17, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129211559/http://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/ekene-ibekwe-1.html|archivedate=November 29, 2014}}</ref> N'oge nke abụọ ya, ọ gbara bọọlụ na egwuregwu 30 n'ime egwuregwu 32 n'oge ahụ, malite 18 mgbe ọ na-emecha nke ise na otu ahụ n'ịgba bọọlụ 8.4 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla na nke abụọ n'ịgbasa bọọlụ 6.3. O duziri ndị otu ahụ na blọk 55, na-emecha nke anọ n'etiti ndị isi ACC na blọk 1.83 kwa egwuregwu. N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2004, o dekọrọ ọrụ mbụ ya okpukpu abụọ na akara 21 kachasị elu na 10 n'ime 13 na Wisconsin.<ref name="bio"/><ref name="stats"/> N'oge ọ na-eto eto, ọ pụtara na egwuregwu 32 ma malite 30 mgbe ọ na-enweta akara 11.1 na 6.6 rebounds kwa egwuregwu; ọ gwụkwara afọ nke asaa na ACC na 1.34 blocks kwa egwuregwu.<ref name="bio"/><ref name="stats"/> N'oge kachasị elu ya, ọ nwetara ACC All-Defensive Team na All-ACC Honorable Mention. N'egwuregwu iri atọ na abụọ, ọ nwetara akara 10.4, 7.8 rebounds na 2.7 blocks kwa egwuregwu. Maka ọrụ ya, o nwetara akara 1,107, 781 rebounds na 230 blocks, na-aghọ onye ọkpụkpọ nke anọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ụlọ akwụkwọ (na nke mbụ kemgbe Lonny Baxter) iji dekọọ 1,000 points, 500 rebounds and 200 blocks.<ref name="stats"/> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == === Oge 2007-08 === Ibekwe gara undrafted na 2007 NBA draft. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2007, ya na Hapoel Galil Elyon nke Israel bịanyere aka maka oge 2007-08. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2007, Galil Elyon tọhapụrụ ya ma mesịa bịanye aka na Hapoel Gilboa/Afula. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2008, ya na Gilboa/Afula kewara. N'ọnwa na-esote, ọ sonyeere Besançon BCD nke France maka oge fọdụrụnụ. === Afọ 2008-09 === N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008, Ibekwe sonyeere Phoenix Suns maka 2008 NBA Summer League. O mechara bịanye aka na Selçuk Üniversitesi nke Turkey maka oge 2008-09. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2009, ọ sonyeere Gigantes de Carolina maka oge BSN fọdụrụnụ nke afọ 2009. === Oge 2009-10 === Na Julaị 2009, Ibekwe sonyeere Toronto Raptors maka 2009 NBA Summer League. O mechara bịanye aka na Antalya Kepez Belediyesi nke Turkey mana a hapụrụ ya tupu mmalite oge ahụ. Na Disemba 2009, ọ bịanyere aka na Iman Harbour nke Iranian Basketball Super League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shamsports.com/2009/12/john-lucas-iii-involved-in-very-lame.html |title=John Lucas III Involved In Very Lame Chinese Fight |accessdate=2023-09-27 |archivedate=2014-08-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140818054149/http://www.shamsports.com/2009/12/john-lucas-iii-involved-in-very-lame.html }}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2010, ọ hapụrụ Iman wee bịanye aka na Genç Banvitliler nke Turkey maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>[http://www.shamsports.com/2010/03/where-are-they-now-2010-part-32.html Where Are They Now, 2010; Part 32]</ref> === Oge 2010-11 === Na Julaị 2010, Ibekwe sonyeere Portland Trail Blazers maka 2010 NBA Summer League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ridiculousupside.com/2010/6/28/1540775/nba-summer-league-rosters-vegas |title=NBA Summer League Rosters – Vegas |accessdate=2023-09-27 |archivedate=2015-10-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021193042/http://www.ridiculousupside.com/2010/6/28/1540775/nba-summer-league-rosters-vegas }}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na Artland Dragons nke Germany maka oge 2010-11.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mdturtle.blogspot.com.au/2010/08/ekene-ibekwe-signs-in-germany.html |title=Ekene Ibekwe Signs in Germany |accessdate=2023-09-27 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042401/http://mdturtle.blogspot.com.au/2010/08/ekene-ibekwe-signs-in-germany.html }}</ref> Na Disemba 16, 2010, ọ hapụrụ Artland.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/germany/84357/ekene-ibekwe-and-artland-dragons-part-ways.html Ekene Ibekwe and Artland Dragons part ways]</ref> Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ bịanyere aka na Ironi Ashkelon nke Israel maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/israel/84419/ekene-ibekwe-inks-with-ironi-ashkelon.html Ekene Ibekwe inks with Ironi Ashkelon]</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2011, ya na Ironi kewara wee bịanye aka na Bayreuth nke Germany maka oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/germany/85391/ekene-ibekwe-inks-and-debuts-with-bayreuth.html Ekene Ibekwe inks and debuts with Bayreuth]</ref> === Oge 2011-12 === Na Julaị 8, 2011, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na Bayreuth maka oge 2011-12.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/germany/87200/bbc-bayreuth-re-signs-with-ekene-ibekwe.html BBC Bayreuth re-signs with Ekene Ibekwe]</ref> === Oge 2012-13 === N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2012, Ibekwe sonyeere Portland Trail Blazers maka 2012 NBA Summer League. N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, ọ bịanyere aka na Lagun Aro GBC nke Spain maka oge 2012-13.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/spain/94553/lagun-aro-officially-tabs-ekene-ibekwe.html Lagun Aro officially tabs Ekene Ibekwe]</ref> === Oge 2014-15 === N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na New Zealand Breakers maka oge NBL nke afọ 2014-15.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzbreakers.co.nz/article/id/1om4gaz176d3u146q0b9c2gct8|title=SKYCITY Breakers Sign Nigerian International|accessdate=August 18, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822191232/http://www.nzbreakers.co.nz/article/id/1om4gaz176d3u146q0b9c2gct8|archivedate=August 22, 2014}}</ref> N'ihe bụ nnukwu oge maka Ibekwe, ọ nwetara ihe nrite nke abụọ nke All-NBL ma nyere aka iduga Breakers na NBL Grand Final. Mgbe o meriri egwuregwu 1 megide Cairns Taipans na Cairns, egwuregwu 2 gara Auckland ebe na sekọnd ndị nwụrụ anwụ nke egwuregwu ahụ, e jikọtara ya na 81-81. N'ịpụta n'oge, Ibekwe gbara bọọlụ na-emeri egwuregwu iji bulie ndị Breakers n'elu Taipans 83-81 wee si otú a nweta aha nke anọ nke otu ahụ n'ime oge ise. Na Machị 18, 2015, ọ bịanyere aka na Atenienses de Manatí nke Baloncesto Superior Nacional iji dochie etiti Jerome James.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/world/america/155663/atenienses-de-manati-signed-ekene-ibekwe-to-replace-jerome-james.html Atenienses de Manati signed Ekene Ibekwe to replace Jerome James]</ref> Oge ya na Manatí were naanị egwuregwu iri na otu ka ọ hapụrụ klọb ahụ n'etiti ọnwa Eprel. N'egwuregwu iri na otu ahụ, ọ nwetara akara 9.1, 6.4 rebounds na 1.2 blocks kwa egwuregwu. === Oge 2015-16 === N'August 10, 2015, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na Melbourne United maka oge NBL 2015-16.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.melbourneutd.com.au/featured-news/melbourne-signs-holt-and-ibekwe-to-import-spots/ |title=MELBOURNE SIGNS HOLT AND IBEKWE TO IMPORT SPOT |accessdate=2023-09-27 |archivedate=2017-03-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321084209/http://www.melbourneutd.com.au/featured-news/melbourne-signs-holt-and-ibekwe-to-import-spots/ }}</ref> Otú ọ dị, na Septemba 18, United tọhapụrụ Ibekwe n'ụzọ ọmịiko mgbe ọ rịọrọ ikike ịlaghachi Europe ka ya na enyi ya nwanyị dị ime nọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbl.com.au/featured-news/26750/ |title=MELBOURNE AND IBEKWE PART COMPANY |accessdate=2023-09-27 |archivedate=2016-03-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328110837/http://www.nbl.com.au/featured-news/26750/ }}</ref> Ụbọchị asatọ ka e mesịrị, ọ bịanyere aka na Gießen 46ers nke Germany's Basketball Bundesliga.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/germany/176927/ekene-ibekwe-signs-with-giessen-46ers.html Ekene Ibekwe signs with Giessen 46ers]</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba, ya na Gießen kewara.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gabriel Olaseni replaces Ekene Ibekwe in Giessen 46ers|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/germany/182740/gabriel-olaseni-replaces-ekene-ibekwe-in-giessen-46ers.html|accessdate=December 25, 2015|work=Sportando.com|date=November 22, 2015}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2, 2016, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Russia Krasny Oktyabr nke VTB United League.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Krasny Oktyabr announces Ekene Ibekwe|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/russia/186695/krasny-oktyabr-announces-ekene-ibekwe.html|accessdate=January 2, 2016|work=Sportando.com|date=January 2, 2016}}</ref> Na Mee 2, 2016, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na Hekmeh BC iji dochie Todd O'Brien merụrụ ahụ na Final Four nke Lebanese Basketball League.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/world/asia/198486/sagesse-inks-ekene-ibekwe.html Sagesse inks Ekene Ibekwe]</ref> === Oge 2016-17 === Na Julaị 20, 2016, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na ČEZ Nymburk nke Czech Republic maka oge 2016-17.<ref>[http://en.basket-nymburk.cz/clanky/01-info/1965/nymurk-is-signing-ekene-ibekwe/ NYMBURK IS SIGNING EKENE IBEKWE]</ref> N'October 20, 2016, ọ hapụrụ Nymburk wee bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ọnwa abụọ na klọb Germany Skyliners Frankfurt.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/germany/214868/fraport-skyliners-frankfurt-sign-ekene-ibekwe-to-a-two-month-contract.html Fraport Skyliners Frankfurt sign Ekene Ibekwe to a two-month contract]</ref> Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya gwụsịrị, ọ hapụrụ Frankfurt. Na Disemba 30, 2016, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Turkey Uşak Sportif .<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/turkey/221797/usak-sportif-inks-ekene-ibekwe.html Usak Sportif inks Ekene Ibekwe]</ref> Na Mee 1, 2017, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na French LNB Pro A club Élan Chalon maka oge ndị fọdụrụ na 2016-17 Pro A.<ref>[http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/france/233442/elan-chalon-signs-ekene-ibekwe.html Elan Chalon signs Ekene Ibekwe]</ref> === Oge 2017-18 === Na Septemba 4, 2017, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọnwa atọ na klọb German Oettinger Rockets.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ekene Ibekwe schließt sich für drei Monate den Rockets an|url=https://www.oettinger-rockets.de/rockets-news/ekene-ibekwe-schliesst-sich-fuer-drei-monate-den-rockets-an/|accessdate=September 4, 2017|work=oettinger-rockets.de|date=September 4, 2017|language=German|archive-date=September 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905050524/https://www.oettinger-rockets.de/rockets-news/ekene-ibekwe-schliesst-sich-fuer-drei-monate-den-rockets-an/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Disemba 30, 2017, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb French Champagne Châlons-Reims Basket maka oge Pro A fọdụrụ na 2017-18.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ekene IBEKWE signe au CCRB|url=http://www.ccrbasket.com/Article/fiche/id/1366|accessdate=December 31, 2017|work=ccrbasket.com|date=December 30, 2017|language=French}}</ref> === Oge 2019-20 === Na Nọvemba 29, 2019, ya na Élan Béarnais nke LNB Pro A bịanyere aka. Ibekwe nwetara akara 8.7 na 6.6 rebounds kwa egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ekene-ibekwe-joins-pau-orthez/|title=Ekene Ibekwe joins Pau-Orthez|author=Skerletic|first=Dario|date=November 29, 2019|work=Sportando|language=En|accessdate=November 29, 2019|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805054153/https://sportando.basketball/en/ekene-ibekwe-joins-pau-orthez/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chalons">{{Cite news|title=Chalons-Reims signs Ekene Ibekwe|url=https://sportando.basketball/en/chalons-reims-signs-ekene-ibekwe/|work=Sportando|accessdate=August 7, 2020|date=August 7, 2020|author=Carchia|first=Emiliano}}</ref> === Oge 2020-21 === N'August 7, 2020, Ibekwe bịanyere aka na Champagne Châlons-Reims Basket.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sportando.basketball/en/chalons-reims-signs-ekene-ibekwe/|title=Chalons-Reims signs Ekene Ibekwe|author=Carchia|first=Emiliano|date=August 7, 2020|work=Sportando|language=En|accessdate=April 21, 2021}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 11, 2021, ọ bịanyere aka na Chorale Roanne Basket nke LNB Pro A.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ekene-ibekwe-officially-signs-with-roanne/|title=Ekene Ibekwe officially signs with Roanne|author=Maggi|first=Alessandro|date=February 11, 2021|work=Sportando|language=En|accessdate=April 21, 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ibekwe bụ onye otu egwuregwu basketball nke ụmụ nwoke Naijiria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na 2006 FIBA World Championship, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi otu ahụ na akara (4th) na rebounds (1st). Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ na 2012 na 2016 Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ekene Ibekwe Bio, Stats, and Results|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ib/ekene-ibekwe-1.html|work=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=2015-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121161644/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ib/ekene-ibekwe-1.html|archivedate=November 21, 2015}}</ref> == Onye ọ bụla == Ibekwe bụ nwa nke nne na nna Naijiria, Agatha na Augustine Ibekwe. Nwanne ya nwoke, Onye, gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka Long Beach State. O nwekwara ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, Chinyere na Ify.<ref name="bio"/> [[Ify Ibekwe]] bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ bọọlụ, ọ na-anọchite anya otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na asọmpi mba ụwa. == Edensidee == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230927074630/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/q/Ekene/players.html Profaịlụ ihe ndekọ FIBA] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160610112034/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/gamecent/p/pid/6035500/playerview.html Profaịlụ egwuregwu FIBA] * [http://basketball.australiabasket.com/player/Ekenechukwu_Ibekwe/61166 Profaịlụ Eurobasket.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230927074619/http://www.draftexpress.com/profile/Ekene-Ibekwe-166/ Profaịlụ DraftExpress.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425155044/http://www.umterps.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=207383139&DB_OEM_ID=29700 Akụkọ ndụ Maryland] {{New Zealand Breakers 2014–15 NBL champions}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibekwe, Ekene}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sn6rei2yq3wkruvpp55kihono5bwvg2 0 31462 727637 197727 2026-09-24T14:10:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ebi Ere Ere with Cimberio Varese in 2012 Personal information Born August 2, 1981 (age 42) Tulsa, Oklahoma Nationality American / Nigerian Listed height 195 cm (6 ft 5 in) Listed weight 96 kg (212 lb) Career information High school McLain (Tulsa, Oklahoma) College Barton CC (1999–2001) Oklahoma (2001–2003) NBA draft 2003: undrafted Playing career 2003–2018 Position Shooting guard / small forward Number 25 Career history 2003–2004 Sydney Kings 2005 Oklahoma Storm 2005–2006 Liège Basket 2006–2008 Brisbane Bullets 2007–2009 Gigantes de Carolina 2008–2009 Melbourne Tigers 2009–2011 Pepsi Caserta 2011–2012 Obradoiro CAB 2012–2014 Cimberio Varese 2014 Caciques de Humacao 2014–2015 Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez 2015 Vaqueros de Bayamón 2015–2016 Adelaide 36ers 2016 Capitanes de Arecibo 2016–2017 SLUC Nancy 2018 Defensor Sporting Club Career highlights and awards 2× NBL champion (2004, 2007) 2× All-NBL First Team (2008, 2009) All-NBL Second Team (2004) NBL scoring champion (2008) 2× BSN All-Star (2007, 2008) All-USBL First Team (2005) Big 12 Newcomer of the Year (2002) Ebikekeme Hasain Fere "Ebi" Ere (/ˈɛbi əˈrɑː/; amụrụ n'August 2, 1981) bụ onye America-Nijiria bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ bọọlụ. Ebikekeme Hasain Fere "Ebi" Ere / ˈ ɛ b i __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ə ˈ r ɑː / basketball == Ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na kọleji == Ere gara McLain High School ma gbaa bọọlụ bọọlụ oge abụọ maka Barton Community College. McLain High School Barton Community College Ọ gbara bọọlụ oge abụọ nke Division I kọleji basketball maka Oklahoma Sooners n'etiti afọ 2001 na 2003. Oklahoma Sooners N'ime afọ abụọ ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Oklahoma, ọ nwetara akara 13.7 na 5.3 rebounds na egwuregwu 70. Ya na onye otu ya bụ Hollis Price duuru ndị Sooners gaa Final Four na 2002 ebe Indiana Hoosiers meriri ha na ọkara ikpeazụ nke mba. Hollis Price Final Four Indiana Hoosiers 2002 == Ọrụ ọkachamara == === Afọ ndị mbụ === Ere nọrọ oge ọhụrụ ya na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na-egwuri egwu maka Sydney Kings n'oge oge NBL 2003-04. Sydney Kings 2003-04 NBL oge O nyeere ndị eze aka imeri asọmpi nke abụọ ha na-esote na-egwuri egwu n'akụkụ ndị dị ka C. J. Bruton na Matthew Nielsen. C. J. Bruton Matthew Nielsen N'egwuregwu 40 maka ndị eze, Ere nwetara akara 19.6, 5.7 rebounds, 1.6 assists na 1.2 steals kwa egwuregwu.<ref>[http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=190394684&client=0-189-88250-125701-11145237&ocompID=125696 Player statistics for Ebi Ere – 2003–04]</ref> Egwuregwu ọzọ Ere gbara na 2005 na Oklahoma Storm nke United States Basketball League (USBL). Oklahoma Storm United States Basketball League O nwetara akara 18.7 na 4.1 rebounds na egwuregwu 23 ma nweta nkwanye ugwu nke otu mbụ nke All-USBL. Mgbe oge USBL nke afọ 2005 gasịrị, Ere bịanyere aka na Liège Basket nke [[Belgium]] maka oge 2005-06. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ Liège N'egwuregwu 30 maka Liège, ọ nwetara akara 14.2, 3.0 rebounds, 1.5 assists na 1.4 steals kwa egwuregwu. N'afọ 2006, Ere laghachiri Australia wee sonye na Brisbane Bullets maka oge NBL nke afọ 2006-07. Brisbane Bullets 2006-07 NBL oge O mere ya mmeri abụọ n'ime oge abụọ nke NBL ka ọ na-eduga Bullets iji nweta aha ahụ site na mmeri 3-1 nke ikpeazụ na Melbourne Tigers. Melbourne Tigers N'egwuregwu iri atọ na itoolu maka Bullets na 2006-07, ọ nwetara akara 17.3, 4.9 rebounds na 2.3 assists kwa egwuregwu.<ref>[http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=190394684&client=0-189-88250-125701-11145237&ocompID=125715 Player statistics for Ebi Ere – 2006–07]</ref> Mgbe oge NBL gasịrị, ọ sonyeere Gigantes de Carolina nke Baloncesto Superior Nacional. Ndị dike nke Carolina National Basketball Ere bịanyere aka na Brisbane Bullets maka oge 2007-08 wee nweta onwe ya All-NBL mbụ team honours. Oge 2007-08 All-NBL mbụ team N'egwuregwu 32 maka Bullets na 2007-08, ọ nwetara akara 26.0, 6.0 rebounds na 2.1 assists kwa egwuregwu.<ref>[http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=190394684&client=0-189-88250-125701-11145237 Player statistics for Ebi Ere – 2007–08]</ref> Ọ sonyeere Gigantes de Carolina ọzọ n'oge NBL na-anọghị n'oge. Site na Bullets na-agbada na-esote oge 2007-08, a kọrọ na Ere bịanyere aka na South Dragons maka oge 2008-09 mana o kpebiri ịchụso nkwekọrịta NBA. Oge 2008-09 nke South Dragons Mgbe nke ahụ dara, ọ pụghị isonyere Dragons mgbe klọb ahụ bịanyere aka na Tremmell Darden kama ichere Ere. Tremmell Darden Ere mechara bịanye aka na ndị na-asọmpi n'obodo, Melbourne Tigers. O nwetara ihe nrite nke ndị otu mbụ nke All-NBL maka afọ nke abụọ n'usoro ma nyere aka iduga Tigers laghachi na Grand Final ebe South Dragons meriri ha n'ụzọ na-emegide onwe ha 3 egwuregwu na 2. N'egwuregwu 37 maka Tigers, ọ nwetara akara 20.7, 4.9 rebounds na 2.2 assists kwa egwuregwu.<ref>[http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=190394684&client=0-189-88250-125701-11145237&ocompID=125710 Player statistics for Ebi Ere – 2008–09]</ref> Maka afọ nke atọ n'usoro, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Gigantes de Carolina n'oge NBL na-adịghị n'oge. == Ọrụ ndị otu mba == Ere so na ndị a họpụtara ka ha gwuo egwu maka ndị otu mba Naijiria na 2006 FIBA World Championship na [[Japan]]. Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa 2006 FIBA World Championship O nwetara ngụkọta nke akara 67 (nkezi nke 11.2ppg na egwuregwu isii), nke bụ nke atọ n'azụ Gabe Muoneke na Ime Udoka. Gabe Muoneke Ime Udoka<ref name="fiba">{{Cite web |url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/54188/sid/3507/tid/340/_/2006_FIBA_World_Championship/index.html |title=Ebi Ere's profile – FIBA.com |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430105925/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/54188/sid/3507/tid/340/_/2006_FIBA_World_Championship/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, Ere sonyeere Naịjirịa na FIBA Africa Championship ebe o nwetara akara 11.3 na egwuregwu asaa.<ref name="fiba"/> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebi Ere na adelaide36ers.com Ebi Ere * Ebi Ere na eurocupbasketball.com Ebi Ere * Ebi Ere na foxsportspulse.com Ebi Ere * Akụkọ na-aga n'ihu nke Ebi Ere na nbl.com.au Akụkọ na na-aga na-aga nke Ebi Ere [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p2gil20c9gjyeuec4f2iewbd0nz5fgz 0 31848 727767 708053 2026-09-25T00:51:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Henry "Mule" Townsend (amụrụ Henry Jesse James Townsend; October 27, 1909 - September 24, 2006) bụ onye America na-agụ egwu blues, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na onye na-agụ piano. Henry "Mule" Townsend Henry Jesse James Townsend __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ Ọchịchịrị<ref name="bare">{{Cite book|first=Bob|author=Eagle|year=2013|title=Blues: A Regional Experience|publisher=Praeger|location=Santa Barbara, California|pages=189|isbn=978-0313344237}}</ref> == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Townsend Henry Jesse James Townsend na Shelby, Mississippi na Allen na Omelia Townsend. Henry Jesse James Townsend Shelby, Mississippi<ref name="bare" /> Nna ya bụ onye na-eti egwu blues nke na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na accordion. Mgbe Henry dị obere, ezinụlọ ya kwagara nso Cairo, Illinois. Cairo, Illinois<ref name="Govenar">{{Cite book|editor=Govenar|year=2001|chapter=Henry Townsend: African American Blues Musician and Songwriter|title=Masters of Traditional Arts: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/mastersoftraditi0000gove|location=Santa Barbara, CA|publisher=ABC-Clio|pages=628–629|isbn=1576072401|oclc=47644303}}</ref> Henry hapụrụ ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu n'ihi nna ya na-emegbu ya wee gaa St. Louis, Missouri. St. Louis, Missouri gbara ọsọ ndụ<ref name="nhf">{{Cite web|url=https://arts.gov/honors/heritage/henry-townsend|title=Henry Townsend: Blues Musician/Songwriter|work=Arts.gov|publisher=National Endowment for the Arts|accessdate=November 30, 2020}}</ref> Ọ mụtara ịgba ụbọ akwara mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma site n'aka onye a ma ama na-akpọ ụbọ akhara a maara dị ka Dudlow Joe.<ref name="barlow">{{Cite book|author=Barlow|first=William|year=1989|title=Looking Up at Down: The Emergence of Blues Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/lookingupatdowne0000barl/page/268|location=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=Temple University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lookingupatdowne0000barl/page/268 268–269]|isbn=9780877225836|oclc=17981033}}</ref> N'inwe ọchịchọ iji ụbọ akwara ya na-arụ ọrụ, Townsend rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụzi ụgbọala, onye na-egbukepụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, onye njikwa họtel, na onye na-ere ahịa.<ref name="Govenar" /> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1920, ọ malitere ịgagharị na idekọ egwu na onye na-akpọ piano Walter Davis ma nweta aha njirimara Mule, n'ihi na ọ siri ike ma na ahụ ma na àgwà. ndekọ Walter Davis Na St. Louis, ya na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ blues mbụ rụkọrọ ọrụ, gụnyere J. D. Short. J. D. Short<ref name="barlow" /> N'oge a, ọ mụtakwara ịkpọ piano.<ref name="nhf" /> Townsend bụ otu n'ime naanị ndị na-ese ihe a maara na ha dekọrọ n'ime iri afọ itoolu n'usoro. O dekọrọ na 1929, maka Columbia Records na Chicago, ma nọgide na-arụsi ọrụ ike ruo 2006. Ihe ndekọ Columbia<ref name="Russell 2">{{Cite book|first=Tony|author=Russell|year=1997|title=The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray|publisher=Carlton Books Limited|location=Dubai|isbn=1-85868-255-X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Devil's Music|author=Giles Oakley|publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]|isbn=978-0-306-80743-5|date=1997|url=https://archive.org/details/devilsmusichisto00oakl_0/page/120}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ndekọ 35 na 1935 naanị.<ref name="Govenar" /> Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ ndị 1990, Townsend na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ otu oge Yank Rachell bụ naanị ndị na-ese egwu na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ọrụ ha malitere na afọ 1920. Yank Rachell O dekọrọ na ọtụtụ akara dị iche iche, gụnyere Columbia, Bluesville Records, na Folkways Records. Bluesville Records Folkways Records<ref name="russell">{{Cite book|first=Tony|author=Russell|year=1997|title=The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray|publisher=Carlton Books|location=Dubai|pages=177–178|isbn=1-85868-255-X}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 1950, ewu ewu nke St. Louis style of blues amalitela ịda na United States, ya mere Townsend rụrụ ọrụ na Europe ebe o chere na a na-enwe ekele maka egwu ya. Egwuregwu ya na Europe dọtara ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị, ọ pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ ememme. Townsend ji obi ọchị kwuo na "a chọtara ya ugboro atọ ma ọ bụ anọ".<ref name="Govenar" /> Na Febụwarị 10, 2008, e nyere Townsend Grammy, nke mbụ ya, na 50th Annual Grammy Awards. Ihe nrite Grammy nke afọ 50 E nyere onyinye ahụ, na ngalaba Best Traditional Blues Album, maka arụmọrụ ya na Last of the Great Mississippi Delta Bluesmen: Live In Dallas, nke Blue Shoe Project wepụtara. Best Traditional Blues Album Last of the Great Mississippi Delta Bluesmen: Live In Dallas<ref name="grammy">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/henry-james-townsend|title=Artist: Henry James Townsend|author=<!--Not stated-->|year=2019|publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences|accessdate=March 12, 2019|archive-date=October 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014005745/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/henry-james-townsend|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nwa Townsend, Alonzo Townsend، nabatara onyinye ahụ n'aha ya. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} m2d2hjixgdo3x0zv1n13f8yjy58eetc 0 31865 727771 725782 2026-09-25T01:07:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Hogan Bassey|honorific_suffix=[[Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire|MBE]] [[Order of the Niger|MON]]|image=Hogan Bassey.jpg|caption=|birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1932|4|27}}|birth_place=[[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River, Creek Town]], [[Calabar]], Nigeria|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1998|1|26|1932|4|27}}|death_place=[[Apapa]], [[Lagos]], Nigeria}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Hogan "Kid" Bassey listeni MBE MON {{Audio|Ig-Hogan_Bassey.ogg|Audio}}(3 June 1932 - 26 [[Jenụwarị|January]] 1998) bụ onye na-akụ ọkpọ na [[Naijiria]]-British; ọ bụ nwoke mbụ sitere na Naijeria ịghọ onye mmeri ịkụ ọkpọ ụwa. Hogan Kid Bassey gee ntị na MBE MON<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://records.com.ng/2016/hogan-kid-bassey-first-nigerian-become-world-boxing-champion/|title=Hogan "Kid" Bassey – First Nigerian to become a world boxing champion|publisher=Records Nigeria|accessdate=2 November 2016|archivedate=23 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923003041/http://records.com.ng/2016/hogan-kid-bassey-first-nigerian-become-world-boxing-champion/}}</ref> A mụrụ ya Okon Asuquo Bassey n'akụkụ Osimiri Cross, Creek Town, Calabar, [[Naijiria|Nigeria]], wee bụrụ nwa amaala Britain mgbe ọ kwagara UK, ebe ọ nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya na Liverpool. Okon Asuquo Bassey Cross River, Creek Town Calabar Liverpool<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/bassey.htm|title=Hogan "Kid" Bassey|publisher=The Cyber Boxing Zone|accessdate=5 August 2013}}</ref> O were aha Kid Bassey mgbe ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara dị ka onye ọkpọ. Ọ bụ George Biddles na Jimmy August duziri ya ma zụọ ya.<ref name="Biography at boxrec.com">{{Cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Human:22405|title=Biography at boxrec.com|publisher=boxrec.com|date=31 December 2013|accessdate=1 January 2013|archive-date=6 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706004435/https://boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Human:22405|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịkụ ọkpọ == Mgbe asọmpi iri na anọ gasịrị na Naijiria, Bassey gara Liverpool, England, rutere ebe ahụ ụbọchị atọ tupu [[Krismas jọgburu onwe ya|Krismas]] 1951. Liverpool<ref>{{Cite web|work=Independent (London)|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980406/ai_n14157075|title=Obituary: Hogan Bassey|publisher=FindArticles.com|accessdate=5 August 2013}}</ref> Mgbe o meriri n'asọmpi Empire featherweight, ọ meriri n"asọmpi WBA World featherweight site n'imeri [[French language|French]] [[Algeria]] Cherif Hamia na [[Paris Principles (human rights standards)|Paris]] na 24 June 1957. WBA Cherif Hamia Onye agha US Davey Moore meriri ya n'asọmpi ahụ na 18 Machị 1959. Davey Moore Ndị mmegide ndị ọzọ gụnyere Billy "Spider" Kelly, Percy Lewis, Tommy Profitt, Sammy McCarthy, Ricardo Moreno, na Willie Pep. [ihe odide dị mkpa] Billy "Spider" Kelly Percy Lewis Ricardo Moreno Willie Pep __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ [ ihe e dere n'ala ala] == Ndụ mgbe ịkụ ọkpọ gasịrị == In the 1958 New Year Honours, he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) "for services to sport in the Eastern Region, Nigeria".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/harticles/hogan.htm|title=Hogan|publisher=NigerDeltaCongress.com|accessdate=5 August 2013}}</ref> Bassey went on to become a coach in Nigeria, which awarded him the country's highest honour, the Order of the [[Niger]], in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hogan "Kid" Bassey — Meet the First Nigerian To Become A World Boxing Champion|url=https://talkafricana.com/hogan-kid-bassey-meet-the-first-nigerian-to-become-a-world-boxing-champion/|work=Talk Africana|accessdate=28 August 2022|date=9 September 2020}}</ref> He died on 26 January 1998 at his home in [[Apapa]], [[Lagos]]. == Ihe ndekọ ịkụ ọkpọ ọkachamara == {{s-start}} |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|'''59 Wins''' (21 knockouts, 38 decisions), '''13 Losses''' (4 knockouts, 9 decisions), '''2 Draws'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=22405&cat=boxer|title=Hogan Kid Bassey – Boxer|publisher=BoxRec.com|accessdate=5 August 2013|archive-date=9 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109175013/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=22405&cat=boxer|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;" | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Result''' | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Record''' | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Opponent''' | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Type''' | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Round''' | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Date''' | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Location''' | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Notes''' |- align=center |{{no2}}Loss |68–13–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1959}} [[Davey Moore (boxer, born 1933)|Davey Moore]] |RTD |11 (15) |19 August 1959 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Los Angeles, United States |align=left|{{small|For NBA, ''The Ring'', and lineal featherweight titles}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |68–12–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Davey Moore (boxer, born 1933)|Davey Moore]] |RTD |13 (15) |18 March 1959 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Los Angeles, United States |align=left|{{small|Lost NBA, ''The Ring'', and lineal featherweight titles}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |68–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} Ernesto Parra |UD |10 |13 December 1958 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Hollywood, United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |67–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} Carmelo Costa |UD |10 |31 October 1958 |align=left|{{flagicon|New York}} New York City, United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |66–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Willie Pep]] |TKO |9 |20 September 1958 |align=left|{{flagicon|Massachusetts}} [[Boston]], Massachusetts, United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |65–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} Jules Touan |TKO |7 |24 June 1958 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |64–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Ricardo Moreno]] |KO |3 (15) |1 April 1958 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Los Angeles, United States |align=left|{{small|Retained NBA, ''The Ring'', and lineal featherweight titles}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |63–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Pierre Cossemyns |PTS |10 |23 January 1958 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |62–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Victor Pepeder |PTS |10 |7 October 1957 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nottingham, Nottinghamshire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |61–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|France}} [[Cherif Hamia]] |TKO |10 (15) |24 June 1957 |align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Paris, France |align=left|{{small|Won vacant [[list of WBA world champions#Featherweight|NBA]], [[list of The Ring world champions#Featherweight|''The Ring'']], and [[Lineal championship|lineal featherweight titles]]}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |60–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} Miguel Berrios |UD |12 |26 April 1957 |align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Washington, District of Columbia]], United States |align=left|{{small|featherweight title eliminator}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |59–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Trinidad & Tobago|colonial}} [[Percy Lewis (boxer)|Percy Lewis]] |PTS |15 |1 April 1957 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nottingham, Nottinghamshire]], United Kingdom |align=left|{{small|Retained Commonwealth featherweight title}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |58–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Brazil|1889}} Joao Dos Santos |PTS |10 |26 November 1956 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Leicester]], [[East Midlands]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |57–11–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Sneyers |TKO |4 |26 November 1956 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Liège]], [[Belgium]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |57–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} Alby Tissong |PTS |8 |6 September 1956 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |56–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Italy}} Aldo Pravisani |PTS |8 |3 May 1956 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |55–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Louis Cabo |TKO |4 |22 March 1956 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom | |- |{{yes2}}Win |54–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Sneyers |TKO |4 |7 February 1956 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Harringay, London|Harringay]], London, United Kingdom | |- |{{yes2}}Win |53–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Northern Ireland|union}} [[Billy Kelly (boxer)|Billy Kelly]] |KO |8 |19 November 1955 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland, United Kingdom |align=left|{{small|'''Commonwealth Featherweight Title'''.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |52–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Brazil|1889}} Joe Quinn |KO |1 |8 October 1955 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |51–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Juan Oscar Alvarez |PTS |10 |25 August 1955 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |50–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Andre Pierson |PTS |10 |3 June 1955 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester, United Kingdom]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |49–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Marcel Ranvial |KO |5 |22 March 1955 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |48–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Trinidad & Tobago|colonial}} [[Percy Lewis (boxer)|Percy Lewis]] |PTS |8 |31 January 1955 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nottingham, Nottinghamshire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |47–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Aime Devisch |PTS |10 |29 November 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Leeds, Yorkshire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |46–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Harry Ramsden |PTS |8 |27 October 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Blackpool, Lancashire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |45–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Luis Romero |PTS |10 |3 September 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |44–10–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jo Woussem |PTS |8 |12 August 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |44–9–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Jacques Legendre |PTS |10 |2 July 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |43–9–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Italy}} Enrico Macale |PTS |8 |3 June 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |42–9–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Sneyers |PTS |10 |29 April 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |41–9–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Johnny Butterworth |PTS |10 |4 March 1954 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |40–9–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Billy Kelly (boxer)|Billy Kelly]] |PTS |8 |8 December 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Harringay, London|Harringay]], London, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |40–8–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Sammy McCarthy]] |PTS |10 |6 October 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |39–8–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Juan Oscar Alvarez |PTS |10 |7 September 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Newcastle, Tyne and Wear]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |39–7–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Tommy Higgins |PTS |8 |27 August 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |38–7–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Denny Dawson |KO |4 |9 July 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |37–7–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Emile Chemama |TKO |5 |24 March 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |37–6–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Luis Romero |TKO |8 |27 February 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |36–6–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Johnny Haywood |DQ |3 |30 January 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Blackpool, Lancashire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |36–5–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Ken Lawrence |TKO |5 |20 January 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |35–5–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Jackie Briers |PTS |10 |8 January 1953 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |34–5–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Bobby Boland |TKO |5 |15 December 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |33–5–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Pierre Cossemyns |PTS |10 |8 December 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Leeds, Yorkshire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |33–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Tommy Proffitt]] |TKO |7 |14 November 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |32–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Tommy Proffitt]] |PTS |8 |27 October 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |31–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Eddie Carson |PTS |8 |9 October 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |30–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Eddie McCormick |PTS |8 |22 September 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |29–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Stan Skinless |TKO |7 |11 September 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |28–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Tommy Higgins |PTS |8 |28 August 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |27–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Jimmy Cardew |PTS |8 |7 August 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |26–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Johnny Barclay |KO |6 |28 July 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[West Hartlepool, County Durham]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |25–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Ivor Davies |KO |2 |23 June 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[West Hartlepool, County Durham]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |24–4–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Frankie Williams |PTS |8 |15 May 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |24–3–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[John Kelly (boxer)|John Kelly]] |PTS |8 |26 April 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland, United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |24–2–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Bobby Boland |KO |5 |17 April 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{draw}}Draw |23–2–4 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Glyn Evans |PTS |8 |1 April 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Hanley, Staffordshire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |23–2–3 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Len Shaw |PTS |8 |24 March 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Preston, Lancashire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |22–2–3 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Tommy Higgins |PTS |8 |5 March 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Blackpool, Lancashire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |21–2–3 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Peter Fay |PTS |8 |19 February 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Hanley, Staffordshire]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |20–2–3 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Ray Hillyard |TKO |4 |31 January 1952 |align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |19–2–3 |align=left|{{flagicon|Gold Coast}} Young Spider Neequaye |PTS |12 |28 September 1951 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left|{{small|'''West African Bantamweight Title'''}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |18–2–3 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Steve Jeffra |PTS |12 |29 August 1951 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Bantamweight Title'''}} |- |{{draw}}Draw |17–2–3 |align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Little Joe |PTS |10 |Jul 08, 1951 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Emmy Cinema Theatre, Aba |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |17–2–2 |align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Adjetey Sowah |PTS |10 |30 May 1951 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |16–2–2 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Salami |PTS |8 |16 May 1951 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |15–2–2 |align=left|Kid Chukudi |TKO |3 |4 May 1951 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |14–2–2 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Dick Turpin |PTS |6 |29 January 1951 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |13–2–2 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Joe Bennett |TKO |10 (12) |Nov 10, 1950 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Bantamweight Title'''}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |12–2–2 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Eddie Phillips (boxer)|Eddie Phillips]] |PTS |6 |Oct 06, 1950 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |11–2–2 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Steve Jeffra |PTS |12 |7 July 1950 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left| |- |{{draw}}Draw |10–2–2 |align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Ogli Tettey |PTS |12 |31 May 1950 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left|{{small|'''West African Flyweight Title'''}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |10–2–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Bola Lawal |TKO |5 (6) |Mar 01, 1950 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos | |- |{{yes2}}Win |10–1–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Bob Emmanuel |TKO |4 (12) |Dec 26, 1949 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Railway Stadium, Lagos |align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |9–1–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Dick Turpin |DQ |5 (12) |Nov 28, 1949 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |9–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Texas Kid |PTS |10 |26 October 1949 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos |align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |8–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Dick Turpin |PTS |12 |27 July 1949 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |7–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Sala |TKO |4 (6)) |27 Jul 1949 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Royal Hotel, Lagos | |- |{{yes2}}Win |6–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Ogli Tettey |PTS |12 |28 Mar 1949 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos | |- |{{yes2}}Win |5–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Sala |TKO |4 (6) |31 January 1949 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} African Tennis Club, Lagos | |- |{{yes2}}Win |4–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Hurry Kid |KO |4 (6) |30 December 1948 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Lagos | |- |{{yes2}}Win |3–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Hurry Kid |PTS |6 |29 November 1948 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Lagos | |- |{{draw}}Draw |2–0–1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Bolo Lawal |PTS |6 |26 May 1948 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos | |- |{{yes2}}Win |2–0 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Sala |PTS |6 |6 February 1948 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Lagos | |- |{{yes2}}Win |1–0 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jimmy Brown |PTS |6 |28 November 1947 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} African Tennis Club, Lagos | |} == Hụkwa == == Njikọ mpụga == * Boxing record for Hogan Bassey from BoxRec (registration required) * https://web.archive.org/web/20220320081212/https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1957 * https://web.archive.org/web/20220320081219/https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1958 * https://web.archive.org/web/20220320081209/https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1959 == Ihe odide == <references responsive="1"></references> 6gomy8rqr90teschyhbghtghsqhrd5o 0 32411 727744 142191 2026-09-24T22:26:36Z ~2026-51424-95 66597 727744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amelia Bedelia''' bụ akwụkwọ mbụ na usoro ihe ndị osise Amelia Bedelia a ma ama gbasara onye na-elekọta ụlọ nke na-ewere ya n'ụzọ taara.  Peggy Parish dere ya, nke Fritz Siebel nke ya, ma Harper na Row edi ya na 1963.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 18, 2019|title=Why Amelia Bedelia is Iconic and Generations of Kids Love Her Quirks|url=https://www.icanread.com/why-amelia-bedelia-is-still-so-iconic-after-five-decades/|accessdate=May 5, 2022|work=I Can Read!|archivedate=December 8, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208122314/https://www.icanread.com/why-amelia-bedelia-is-still-so-iconic-after-five-decades/}}</ref> Echiche maka akwụkwọ a sitere n'aka onye bụbu onye na-elekọta ụlọ yana ụmụ akwụkwọ Peggy nke atọ na Dalton School na Manhattan bụ  ndị na-agbagwoju anya okwu, na-enwe mmasị n'agha.  [2] Atụla aka na Amelia Bedelia maka iji ọrụ na-egosi okike nwoke na egosi.  E rerela ihe nde 35 akwụkwọ n'usoro.  [1] N'afọ 2013 mere apụta afọ 50 nke akwụkwọ ahụ ma jiri akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ọhụrụ Amelia Bedelia mee ememe ewu ewu ya. Ihe mkpali maka protagonist nwere ike ịbụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ n'ụlọ nne na nna ya ochie ebe Peggy Parish na-egwuri egwu mgbe ọ bụ nwata.<ref>Rullo, Gina. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130524071530/http://blog.firstbook.org/2013/03/25/happy-birthday-amelia-bedelia-a-qa-with-author-herman-parish/ Happy Birthday, Amelia Bedelia! A Q&A with Author, Herman Parish]", 2013.</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2013, Herman Parish na-echeta otú nwanne nne ya si kee àgwà Amelia Bedelia n'ihi mkpa ọ dị ịchụ ụmụaka nọ n'afọ ndụ ụfọdụ mgbe ha abụọ nwere mmasị n'ịgụ ihe ma nwee ike iji echiche ha mee ihe n'enweghị njide. <ref>Rullo, Gina. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130524071530/http://blog.firstbook.org/2013/03/25/happy-birthday-amelia-bedelia-a-qa-with-author-herman-parish/ "Happy Birthday, Amelia Bedelia! A Q&A with Author, Herman Parish"], 2013.</ref> Herman Parish zoro aka n'otu echiche a na N'ajụjụ ọnụ ọzọ gbasara Amelia Bedelia, na-ekwupụta mkpa ọ dị itinye echiche na ihe ọchị n'ime akwụkwọ iji tinye ụmụaka na-agụ akwụkwọ aka. <ref>Stevens, Heidi. "Amelia Bedelia has Her Own Way with Words". McClatchy - Tribune Business News, Feb 09 2013, ProQuest. Web. 19 Apr. 2022.</ref> == Nchịkọta == A na-ewere Amelia Bedelia n'ahụ dị ka odibo maka ịhụ Mr. na Oriakụ Rogers.  Oriakụ Rogers na-enye Amelia ndepụta nke ọrụ iji rụchaa mgbe di na nri na-eme maka ụbọchị ahụ.  N'agbanyeghị ihe okwu nke ọma, o yighị ka ọ na-eme ihe ziri ezi ezi n'ihi na ọ na-achọtahie ndị Rogers—nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ akpaalaokwu .  Amelia gara n'ihu were niile n'ụzọ site: ọ na-eyiri ọkụkọ ahụ site n'itinye ya obere uwe, na-esetịpụ isi ndị ahụ site n'ichepụta ha na mpempe akwụkwọ, na-ekpochasị ngwá ụlọ ahụ site  n'iji ntụ ntụ ntụ mma pụta, ma na-etinye ọkụ ọkụ site n'ikogide.  oriọna oriọna na eriri akwa. * Gbanwee akwa nhicha ahụ n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ - o jiri mkpa ịkpụ ma gbanwee ọdịdị akwa akwa ahụ. * Ghichaa ngwá ụlọ ahụ - ọ tụbara ntụ ntụ n'elu ngwá ụlọ (n'ụlọ ya "ha na-ekpochapụ ngwá ụlọ"). * Depụta ihe nkedo mgbe anyanwụ na-abata - o sere foto nke drapes. * Gbanyụọ ọkụ mgbe ị gwụchara n'ime ụlọ - o wepụrụ ọkụ ọkụ niile n'ime oghere ha wee kpọgidere ha na akwa akwa. * Tụta iko osikapa abụọ - ọ wụsara osikapa n'ime iko kọfị abụọ, kpokọta ha, ma jiri ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ teepu tụọ ha. O wee tụba osikapa ahụ n'igbe ahụ. * Kpachapụta abụba tupu ị tinye steak n'ime igbe ice - ọ na-achọ steak ahụ mma site na ibelata lace na rịbọn. * Yiri ọkụkọ ahụ uwe - o tinyere obere uwe na ọkụkọ. Mgbe di na nwunye ahụ laghachiri n'ụlọ, Oriakụ Rogers na-enwe mgbagwoju anya na arụghị ọrụ ndị a n'ụzọ e nyere ya ntụziaka na Amelia emebiwo ọgba aghara n'ụlọ ha nile. Oriakụ Rogers nọ n'ọnụ nke ịchụ Amelia mgbe Mr. Rogers tinyere ata nke Amelia's lemon meringue pie n'ọnụ nwunye ya. Oriakụ Rogers hụrụ na ọ na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu nke na ọ gbaghaara Amelia wee kpebie ịnọgide na-arụrụ ya ọrụ ma kwe nkwa ide ntụziaka ndị doro anya n'ọdịnihu. == Nyocha == <ref>Zipke, Marcy, Linnea C. Ehri, and Helen Smith Cairns. "Using Semantic Ambiguity Instruction to Improve Third Graders' Metalinguistic Awareness and Reading Comprehension: An Experimental Study". Reading Research Quarterly 44.3 (2009): 300-21. Web.</ref>Ntuziaka nkuzi na-etinye akwụkwọ Amelia Bedelia n'ime nkuzi gbasara - edemede akpaalaokwu - na-amata.  [1] N'akwụkwọ Carol Wolchok Onye Nkpà Ọgụgụ, o depụtara ihe nke na-achọ akpaalaokwu nye ụmụ akwụkwọ na ihe atụ sitere na Amelia Bedelia .  [2] Ihe omume mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na-egosi kwa ụnwa nke nkuzi na-ama ihe atụ na akwụkwọ maka akara ihe atụ na nke dabere na Amelia Bedelia .  [3] A na- ihe atụ nke akara akpaalaokwu sitere na Amelia Bedelia n'ihe ọkụ na-egosi ike nrị na ma ọ na- ikike ikike nwere ihe okwu na/ma ọ bụ nkebiokwu dị. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ dị na ''New Yorker'', Sarah Blackwood na-enye nkọwa nke nwanyị, na-arụ ụka na nkọwa efu nke Amelia Bedelia bụ ụdị nnupụisi nke na-egosipụta mmegharị nwanyị nke 1960. <ref>Blackwood, Sarah. [https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-secret-rebellion-of-amelia-bedelia-the-bartleby-of-domestic-work "The Secret Rebellion of Amelia Bedelia, the Bartleby of Domestic Work"], ''The New Yorker''. Jun 10, 2019. Print.</ref> Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2021 chọpụtara na akwụkwọ ụmụaka nwere ike imetụta ụzọ ụmụaka si akọwa echiche nwoke na nwanyị. <ref name="Borkenhagen-2021">{{Cite journal|author=Borkenhagen|first=Lewis M.|date=Dec 23, 2021|title=What Might Books Be Teaching Young Children About Gender?|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/938906|journal=Psychological Science}}</ref> Ngụkọta akwụkwọ 247 ka ndị okenye gụrụ wee nye ọkwa n'ọkwa 5 n'ihe gbasara mbịarambịa nwoke na nwanyị - ''Amelia Bedelia'' bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị nwere oke nhụsianya nke nwanyị n'ihi ngosipụta nke nwoke na nwanyị. <ref name="Borkenhagen-2021" /> == Mbipụta == . <ref>Kim, Susanna (29 January 2013). "[https://abcnews.go.com/Business/amelia-bedelia-turns-50-35-million-books-sold/story?id=18337520#.UbcqBawXga8 Amelia Bedelia Turns 50 With a New Look]". ABC News. Retrieved 11 June 2013.</ref>E rerela ihe nde 35 akwụkwọ n'usoro Amelia Bedelia .  [1] Holt Rinehart na Winston haziri nke a na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ n'usoro maka Enwere m ike ịgụ!  ahịrị akwụkwọ.  .  <nowiki></link></nowiki>E [ ] nke mbụ n'isi akwụkwọ abụọ n'usoro ọhụrụ nke nwa nwanne Peggy, Herman Parish dere, ka ọ dabara na akwụkwọ mbụ, na-achọ anya na nwa akwụkwọ Amelia Bedelia == nnabata == . <ref>{{Cite web|date=March 18, 2019|title=Why Amelia Bedelia is Iconic and Generations of Kids Love Her Quirks|url=https://www.icanread.com/why-amelia-bedelia-is-still-so-iconic-after-five-decades/|accessdate=May 5, 2022|work=I Can Read!|archivedate=December 8, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208122314/https://www.icanread.com/why-amelia-bedelia-is-still-so-iconic-after-five-decades/}}</ref>Edemede ABC News na-echeta ncheta afọ 50 nke ike Amelia Bedelia zoro aka na Amelia dị ka "ikwe nwa anụmanụ na-eje ozi na-eme nke ọma n'ụwa".  [1] E edi ahịrị nke akwụkwọ Amelia Bedelia na nso nso a na-bụ afọ 50 ya mgbe o sitere n'aka ndị na-agụ na ndị na-eso ode akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ.  [1] HarperCollins akwụkwọ na Amelia Bedelia na-ewu ewu maka ụzọ onye ndu na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'afọ niile agụọla Amelia Bedelia ma ụmụaka na-agụ ya ruo taa. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} puvjrbkxbhtibmmliwulw8kmcve337p 0 32634 727662 653610 2026-09-24T17:03:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eric Eldred''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1943) bụ onye America na-akwado ịgụ na ide na onye nwe Eldritch pịa. Eldred bụ onye isi mkpesa na ''Eldred v. Ashcroft'', ikpe nke na-agbagha iwu nke Sonny Bono Iwu ndọtị nwebiisinka, mana ọ dara na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke US na 2003 na ọkàiwu Lawrence Lessig. O so guzobe ekeere uche komon ma jee ozi na bọọdụ ndị nduzi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://creativecommons.org/about/history|title=Creative Commons: History|accessdate=2011-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007165253/http://creativecommons.org/about/history|archivedate=2011-10-07}}</ref> A kọwawo Eric Eldred dị ka onye na-eme mmemme kọmputa na onye nchịkwa usoro, onye edemede Boston, na onye nyocha teknụzụ nke Hampshire Ohuru. Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta kwụụrụ onwe ya ma bipụta ọrụ Nathaniel Hawthorne niile n'ịntanetị, yana nyocha ọtụtụ ọrụ maka oru ngo Gutenberg na ndị ọzọ. == Akụkọ ndụ == Eldred tolitere na [[Flórídạ|Florida]], gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard na 1966 (nkà ihe ọmụma, ọmụmụ n'ozuzu), wee ghọọ Onye jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche n'oge Agha Vietnam. E nyere ya iwu ka ọ rụọ ọrụ afọ abụọ dị ka onye ọrụ ọzọ, na Massachusetts General Hospital na Boston, ebe ọ bụ onye na-agwọ iku ume na onye isi teknụzụ akpa ume ruo 1987. Mgbe ọ zụrụ kọmputa Udara II na 1980, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'òtù ndị ọrụ Apple wee gaa Ụlọ akwụkwọ Mgbati Harvard (usoro ihe omume na ederede teknụzụ, C.A.S. 1991). Mgbe ahụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka injinia na Apollo Kọmputa (mgbe e mesịrị Hewlett-Packard), na Cahners na-ebipụta dị ka onye nyocha teknụzụ na onye nta akụkọ magazin kọmputa, mgbe ahụ maka Ọrụ gọọmentị Wang dị ka onye isi nchịkwa usoro Unix, tupu ọ bụrụ onye nwere nkwarụ site na mmerụ ahụ ugboro ugboro. N'afọ 2004-05, ọ biri na Mpempe akwụkwọ ịntanetị na-agagharị na US na-eleta ụlọ akwụkwọ na ọbá akwụkwọ na ihe omume pụrụ iche iji gosi ndị na-agụ ya otu esi ebipụta akwụkwọ ha n'efu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/post/17629/walden|title=Walden|author=Eldred|first=Eric|date=2004-06-28|work=Internet Archive Forums|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/post/35488/boston-public-library|title=Boston Public Library|author=Eldred|first=Eric|date=2005-05-16|work=Internet Archive Forums|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> Eldred gbara alụkwaghịm, nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ. == Ebe obibi akwụkwọ Eldritch == Eldritch Pịa bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke bipụtara ọrụ ndị ọzọ na [[Public domain|ngalaba ọha na eze]] (ọ bụghịzi n'okpuru ikike nwebisiinka). Ruo afọ ole na ole Eldritch Press na-agba ọsọ na sava Linux site n'ụlọ Eldred ma ugbu a ọ bụ Ibiblio na-akwado ya ma ọ bụghịzi ya. <ref> Eldritch Press on ibiblio with the payoff ''Here are free, accessible books. Read them and go in peace.'' http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch/</ref>Isi ihe ya bụ nnwale na usoro HTML na itinye ihe osise (mgbe ọ na-anọgide na-enweta maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ kpuru ìsì) maka akwụkwọ ịntanetị nke na-abụkarị na usoro ASCII. Ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ ndị ahụ, na ọrụ ndị sitere na Eldred dabere na ha, dị na [[Public domain|ngalaba ọha na eze]], onye ọ bụla nwere ike iji ha mee ihe, kwado ha, ma mepụta ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke ha n'enweghị ịkwụ ụgwọ ma ọ bụ ụgwọ. N'afọ 2004, ekweghị ka Eldred nye ikike na Ndokwa steeti Walden Pond ibipụta ma nye ya akwụkwọ Walden n'efu na ncheta afọ 150 nke mbipụta ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/post/18126/free-walden|title=Untitled post|author=Eldred|first=Eric|date=2004-07-09|work=Internet Archive Forums|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>Kathleen Burge, ''Fighting to be free. Thoreau lover denied bid to give out book at Walden'', July 19, 2004 on Boston.com http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2004/07/19/fighting_to_be_free/.</ref>N'afọ 2005, Eldred ji ikike, nke Ebe Berkman maka ịntanetị na ọha mmadụ na Ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Harvard nwetara, bipụta ma nye akwụkwọ ahụ, na igosi ndị na-agụ ya otu esi ebipụta onwe ha ma weghachite ikike nke ọdịbendị ha. == ''Eldred v. Ashcroft'' == N'afọ 1998, e wepụtara Sonny Bono Nwebiisinka Okwu Mgbatị Okwu, na-egbochi atụmatụ Eldred iji nyochaa ma bipụta ọrụ mbụ e bipụtara na US mgbe 1922. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/March-April-2004/story_lessig_marapr04.msp|title=Legal Affairs|accessdate=2023-10-28|archivedate=2019-03-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314081446/http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/March-April-2004/story_lessig_marapr04.msp}}</ref>O mechara bụrụ onye isi mkpesa na ''Eldred v. Ashcroft'', ikpe nke na-agbagha iwu nke iwu a, mana ọ meriri n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke US na 2003. == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> * https://web.archive.org/web/20040724044311/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2004/07/19/fighting_to_be_free/ * http://www.mass.gov/dem/parks/wldn.htm * https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB104276617127133384 == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}} * https://web.archive.org/web/20041130024024/http://www.eldritchpress.org/ E debere ya na Wayback Machine * http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch/ {{DEFAULTSORT:Eldred, Eric}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0j1yao4133omh8c86qa12tuivcdnmwc 0 32761 727763 182849 2026-09-25T00:38:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Helena Houdová''' bụ onye Czech supermodel na onye guzobere ọrụ ebere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/opinion/helena-houdova-sunflower-children-charity|title=Supermodel Helena Houdova Reaches New Heights|accessdate=2010-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110052803/http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/opinion/helena-houdova-sunflower-children-charity|archivedate=2010-01-10|date=2009-05-15}}</ref>Mgbe ọ meriri Miss Czech Republic na 1999, ọ gara n'ihu na-apụta n'ihu magazin ejiji gụnyere Elle, Harper's Bazaar, Cosmopolitan na ''Vogue''. Ọ na-enye onyinye maka ọrụ ebere maka ụmụ mgbei na ụmụaka nwere nsogbu, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche na onye guzobere Sunflower Children, ọrụ ebere raara onwe ya nye ihe ndị a, nke o guzobere na 2000. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Houdová ma zụlite ya na Plzeň, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic nke oge a).<ref name="essence">Wiltz, Teresa. "The Swan." ''[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]]'' magazine (September 2004).</ref> == Ọrụ ime ihe ngosi == Houdová meriri asọmpi Miss Czech Republic na 1999, wee gaa n'ihu na-asọmpi na Miss World 1999, ebe ọ na-anọghị. O mechara bụrụ onye na-ese ejiji, na-apụta n'okporo ụzọ na New York, Milan, London na Paris. <ref name="style">[http://www.style.com/peopleparties/modelsearch/thumb/person489 Liya Kebede Photos on Style.com]</ref>Houdová pụtara n'ihu mbipụta nke May 2005 nke Elle, nke raara mbipụta ahụ dum nye ya.<ref name="style" /> Houdo''V'' apụtala na mkpuchi nke Italian, Japanese, American, French na Spanish Elle, V, Flair, ''i-D'' na Time's Style & Design, ma gosipụta na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi maka Gap, Yves Saint Laurent, Victoria's Secret, Emanuel Ungaro, Tommy Hilfiger, Revlon, Dolce &amp;amp; Gabbana, Escada na Louis Vuitton. <ref name="sterling">Sterling, Wayne. "Model Citizen." ''Savoy'' Magazine, page 31.</ref><ref name="sterling" /><ref name="sterling" /> N'afọ 2005, a kpọrọ Houdová onye nnọchi anya Goodwill maka ahụike nne, nwa ọhụrụ na nwa. <ref name="vogue 2005">Holgate, Mark. "Role Model". US ''Vogue'' (May 2005).</ref>N'afọ 2007, magazin ''FHM'' kwupụtara na "Houdová bụ otu n'ime 'Top 100 Most Beautiful Women' n'ụwa - ọ bụkwa otu n'etiti ndị na-eme nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ ejiji asọmpi".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070810014025/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/07/16/wforbes116.xml Forbes Top Fifteen Models]. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.</ref> N'afọ 2008, e gosipụtara Houdová na mkpuchi anọ, gụnyere Elle Italia na Czech Elle Motherhood Issue . N'afọ 2009, Houdová na nwa ya nwoke a mụrụ ọhụrụ, n'akụkụ Pavlína Pořízková na Miloš Forman, pụtara na mkpọsa Louis Vuitton nke Lucie Robinson sere foto maka uru nke ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ọrụ ebere Sunflower Children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zena-in.cz/clanek/ceske-celebrity-pro-vuitton/kategorie/doplnky|title=ŽENA-IN.cz – České celebrity pro Vuitton – Magazín|publisher=Zena-in.cz|date=|accessdate=2010-02-08}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Houdová na-elekọta Sunflower Children, ọrụ ebere maka ụmụaka nwere nsogbu na-arụ ọrụ na mba 15. Dị ka Houdová si kwuo, ebumnuche nke Sunflower Children bụ ịrụ ọrụ na ọdịbendị dị iche iche iji "kpali ndị mmadụ site na enweghị mmasị gaa na ọmịiko".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cookiemag.com/style/momstyle/features/2008/01/liyakebede |title=Liya Kebede Celebrity-Parent Profile - Cookiemag.com |accessdate=2023-10-29 |archivedate=2010-02-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215192827/http://www.cookiemag.com/style/momstyle/features/2008/01/liyakebede }}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Houdová nwere ụmụ atọ na di mbụ ya Omar Amanat, onye ọchụnta ego America na onye na-etinye ego, onye a mara ikpe maka igwu wayo na 2017 ma maa ya ikpe n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021 na afọ ise n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gọọmentị etiti ma kwụọ ya $ 175,000; ọnwa 44 ọ nọrọ tupu a maa ya ikpe ga-abụ nke a ga-ekwu maka ikpe a.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bernard|first=Zoe|title=Here's how two wildly successful tech entrepreneurs lost their status amid a case of convoluted fraud|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/omar-amanat-kaleil-isaza-tuzman-kit-digital-fraud-2017-12|publisher=Business Insider|accessdate=November 1, 2020|date=December 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihot.cz/celebrity/helena-houdova/14894/|title=Helena Houdová: Jejího exmanžela zatkla policie pro rozsáhlé podvody|publisher=iHOT.cz|accessdate=17 July 2016|quote=Potkala ale bohatého podnikatele Omara Amanata, kterého si vzala, porodila mu tři děti, dala se na raw stravu a po rozpadu manželství se zhroutila.|language=cs|archivedate=25 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725155625/http://www.ihot.cz/celebrity/helena-houdova/14894}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Gaydos|first=Steven|title=Where was Quincy?|url=https://variety.com/2009/music/markets-festivals/where-was-quincy-1118005779/|work=variety.com|accessdate=17 July 2016|date=10 July 2009|quote=Houdova, wife of film producer Omar Amanat...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Perman|first=Stacy|title=The global battle for the ultimate luxury hotel chain|url=http://fortune.com/2014/09/04/aman-resorts-nasty-battle-for-luxury-hotel-chain/|work=fortune.com|accessdate=17 July 2016|date=4 September 2014|quote=...in fact, he married one: Helena Houdová, his second wife, from whom he is separated.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Larson|first=Erik|title=Tech Entrepreneur's Trial Is Biggest Battle of Career|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-30/tech-entrepreneur-s-trial-is-biggest-battle-of-a-glossy-career|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=November 1, 2020|date=October 30, 2017}}</ref><ref name="sentenced">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/twilight-investor-sentenced-five-years-prison-fraud-case-2021-08-19|title='Twilight' investor sentenced to five years prison in fraud case|work=Reuters|author=Stempel|first=Jonathan|date=19 August 2021|accessdate=26 September 2022}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * https://web.archive.org/web/20231029190921/http://www.sunflowerchildren.org/ * Helena HoudovanaNdepụta Ihe Nlereanya * https://web.archive.org/web/20090713234913/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118005779.html?categoryid=3667&cs=1&nid=2597 [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bhvdjfn95a73i0gby4xdwpn2csg36rn 0 32934 727666 141989 2026-09-24T17:24:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Enwere ike kewaa ndị obodo na Naijiria [1] ụzọ abụọ sara mbara <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.connectsaisafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nigeria-Social-Violence-Project-Summary_v126.pdf|title=Nigeria Social Violence Project Summary|publisher=Connect SAIS Africa|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629062207/http://www.connectsaisafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nigeria-Social-Violence-Project-Summary_v126.pdf|archivedate=29 June 2015}}</ref></link>{{Reflist}} * Esemokwu nke agbụrụ na okpukperechi, nke a na-ekwu na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bụ nke [[Culture|omenala]], agbụrụ ma ọ bụ okpukpe na njirimara kewara, dịka ihe omume okpukperechi n'etiti obodo Ndị Kraịst na ndị Alakụba . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Agbiboa|first=Daniel Egiegba|date=2013|title=Ethno-religious Conflicts and the Elusive Quest for National Identity in Nigeria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23414701|journal=Journal of Black Studies|volume=44|issue=1|pages=3–30|issn=0021-9347}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Unending Cycle of Violence in Kaduna – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/11/12/the-unending-cycle-of-violence-in-kaduna/|accessdate=2022-11-27|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria’s Pernicious Drivers of Ethno-Religious Conflict|url=https://africacenter.org/publication/nigerias-pernicious-drivers-of-ethno-religious-conflict/|accessdate=2022-11-27|work=Africa Center for Strategic Studies|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ọgba aghara nke ndị azu ehi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na Naijiria|Esemokwu nke ndị na-azụ anụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo]], na-emetụtakarị esemokwu gbasara ala na/ma ọ bụ ehi n'etiti ndị na-achị ehi (karịsịa ndị Fulani na [[Ndi Haụsa|ndị Hausa]] ) na ndị ọrụ ugbo (ọkachasị ndị Adara, [[Berom people|Berom]], Tiv na Tarok ). .<ref name="ACLED2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.acleddata.com/data/realtime-data-2015/|title=ACLED Realtime data 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031092635/http://www.acleddata.com/data/realtime-data-2015/|archivedate=31 October 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=HAMID|first=BOBBOYI|title=Peace - Building and conflict resolution in Northern|year=2005}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The forgotten farmer-herdsmen conflict in middle belt states Nigeria {{!}} MSF|url=https://www.msf.org/forgotten-farmer-herdsmen-conflict-middle-belt-states-nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-27|work=Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dhindsa|first=Tejas|date=2022-09-15|title=Changing Dynamics of Conflict and Peacebuilding Among Farmer-Herder Communities in Nigeria's Middle Belt Region|url=https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2022/09/15/changing-dynamics-of-conflict-and-peacebuilding-among-farmer-herder-communities-in-nigerias-middle-belt-region/|accessdate=2022-11-27|work=Kujenga Amani|language=en-US}}</ref>Steeti kacha emetụta bụ nke Naijiria Middle Belt dịka Benue, Taraba na Plateau .  [1] [2] [3] [4] Ime ihe ike erutela ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu abụọ na 2004 na 2011 na-egbu ihe dị ka 2,000 n'afọ ndị ahụ.  [5] [6] O butere ihe efu 700 na 2015 naanị. == Ihe kpatara ya == . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Folami|first=Olakunle Michael|date=January 2013|title=Climate Change and Inter-Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria|journal=Peace Review|volume=25|issue=1|pages=104–110|doi=10.1080/10402659.2013.759783|issn=1040-2659}}</ref>Mgbanwe ihu igwe kacha emetụta mba Africa n'ụwa niile.  [1] Echiche a na-adịla aka n'ịkwaga ndị Fulani na-achị ehi si na North n'ebe ndị na-egwu egwuregwu Naijiria.  [2] Dị ka a ọpụpụ site n'ụdị "Push and pull", akwụkwọ, mkpọda ala, oké ọkọchị, mmetọ, oké ifufe, na ọrịa ndị niile sitere na ọrịa ihu igwe emeela ka ndị Fulani na-achị ehi hapụ obodo  ha.  Nke a na-ese n'ihi mmiri mmiri ozuzo nke ogologo oge na-adịte aka akụkụ ka a ụzọ anya ya, dị ka ikuku nke Ọdọ Chad .  [3] Ọzọkwa, ọrịala site na ọnọdụ ihu igwe ma na-egbu anụmanụ nke ndị na-achọ a.  Ya mere, ọtụtụ ndị Fulani, nke a na-adị ka " ndị Bororos ", na-achọ ọkụga na ndị na-achọ ebe nchekwa dị mma, ọnọdụ ihu igwe, ọhọre, na-achọ. == Esemokwu nke ndị ehi- ndị ọrụ ugbo == <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Olaniyi|first=Rasheed Oyewole|date=27 February 2014|title=Bororo Fulani Pastoralists and Yoruba Farmers' Conflicts in the Upper Ogun River, Oyo State Nigeria, 1986–2004|journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies|volume=50|issue=2|pages=239–252|doi=10.1177/0021909614522948|issn=0021-9096}}</ref>Kamgbe e hiwere Naijiria Republic nke anọ n'afọ 1999, ime ihe ike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ehi egbuola puku kwuru puku mmadụ ma chụpụkwa ọtụtụ iri puku ndị ọzọ.  Enweghị ekele na ime ihe ike emeela ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ achụpụ ndị agha na-ahụ onwe ha na ndị agha , bụ ndị tinyeworo aka n'ime ime ihe ike ọzọ.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>[ ] ] [1] ka ọtụtụ n'ọgụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-achị ehi ewerela n'etiti ndị Fulani ndị Fulani na-achị ehi na ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ nke ndị akwụkwọ, na-eme  ka ụdị ka njọ.  [2] Ime ihe ike a sitere na dị n'etiti ndị Fulani Bororo na ndị ọrụ ugbo Yoruba .  Tupu ihe a emee, ndị fulani abanyela na mpaghara ndịda-ama-onyinye ọtụtụ awụ gara aga.  N'ezie, na adọ nke 18, mịkọ dị iche iche nke Fulani kwagara n'obodo Iseyin .  Otu ndị a bụ ndị Bangu, Sokoto na Bororo Fulani.  N'ime otu atọ a, ndị Bororo Fulani bụ ndị otu kewapụrụ onwe ha na ndị ọrụ ugbo Yoruba.  Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị Bangu na Sokoto ዓላማ ndị n'etiti ndị Yoruba nke Nigeria .  [3] Site na nkekọ a, ha ikike uru nke onwe ha site na ịdị mma ehi na ọrụ ugbo ha.  Ndị Fulani ga-eji ngwa akara ọ àlà ha na-amịpụta n’ehi ha na-ere ndị Yoruba maka ihe mere ha.  [4] Otú ọ dị, ahụga ndị Fulani Bororo feeders a n'ihi na e chere na ha na-eme ihe ike ụfọdụ ndị Fulani bi na ya.  Ọdịiche a kara njọ n'ihi na ha mgbochi asụ Yoruba n'akpa ka ndị Fulani bi na-asụ.  Ka ndị Fulani na-azụ anụ na Bororo batara na mpaghara a, ehi ha nwere ikike ihe ubi na ihe metụtara Yoruba.  <nowiki></link></nowiki>Nke a mere [ ] wee bụrụ nke a na-ahụ n'etiti otu abụọ a.  Otu ihe e nwere ike ịhụ bụ mgbe a kụgidere mkpọmkpọ ebe ọzọ n'ime ndị ọrụ ugbo n'obodo Iseyin mgbe achụpụrụ otu Fulani Bororo n'obodo Oyo wee kwaga ebe ahụ na 1998. .Ọgbaghara ndị ọzọ ndị Bororo Fulani gbagoro na ya bụ n’afọ 1804 mgbe ndị Fulani nwere agha dị nsụsọ n’etiti ndị koowaad na ha bụ ndị mmadụ na ndị Hausa na ndị ka ha na ebo ndị nta akụkọ na-akpa.  [1] Agha a mere na mpaghara ugwu Nigeria.  [2] Agha a butere ụzọ abụọ nke ndị Fulani na-akpa àgwà.  Otu ndị ha na ndị Hausa na- ọnụ ma bụrụ ndị ha na-achịkọta n'ezie dị ka ndị Hausa ma na-ejide akụ na ike na ike.  Ìgwè nke ụzọ ụzọ na-eme ka ụzọ ịma ha dị ọcha, ha enweghịkwa ebo ọ àlà ọzọ.  [3] Nke a bụ ihe mechara bụrụ Bororo Fulani nke ibe Bush ma ọ bụ Fulani ehi Ka ọ dị ugbua, ọgbaghara dị n'etiti ndị Fulani na-achị ehi na ndị ọrụ ugbo Naijiria ndị ọzọ akawanye njọ.  [1] Site na 2011 ruo 2016, ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,000 egbuola ma ọtụtụ iri puku agbapụla.  Nke a bụ ụfọdụ n'ime nhọrọ nke otu ndị jihadist, dị ka Boko Haram .  Aghanɔ ha etinyela ọtụtụ ndị na-achị ehi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ata nri na Northern Nigeria nsogbu.  Gọọmenti eme amụ obere mbọ aka na-ama map iji ọnwụ a.  [2] N'ihi ya, ndị edemede na ndị ọrụ na- onwe ha iji dozie ugbo dị n'ime obodo nke na- adọrọ mmasị. Na Julaị 2023, Dịka mmelite kachasị ọhụrụ, ime ihe ike n'etiti ọha na eze na Plateau State, Nigeria, ebutela nchụpụ nke ihe karịrị mmadụ 80,000 yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ na ihe ruru 300. Esemokwu a gụnyere ọgụ dị n'etiti ndị na-achị ehi ndị Alakụba na ndị obodo Ndị Kraịst na-akọ ugbo, na-ebute nnukwu nsogbu nchekwa maka mpaghara ahụ. Na nzaghachi, ndị agha Naijiria emeela ihe iji mee ka nchekwa sie ike na ime ihe ike na-aga n'ihu na ebumnuche nke iweghachi nkwụsi ike na mpaghara ihe metụtara. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-07-23|title=Tens of Thousands Displaced by Central Nigeria Clashes|language=en|work=VOA|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/tens-of-thousands-displaced-by-central-nigeria-clashes-/7192885.html|accessdate=2023-07-31}}</ref> == Ndị Fulani Abet == Ndị Abet, nke a makwaara dị ka Kachichere, bụ otu ọzọ nke ndị Fulani. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Waters-Bayer|first=Ann|date=1994|title=Corning to Terms. Interactions between Immigrant Fulani Cattle-Keepers and Indigenous Farmers in Nigeria's Subhumid Zone|journal=Cahiers d'études africaines|volume=34|issue=133|pages=213–229|doi=10.3406/cea.1994.2048|issn=0008-0055}}</ref> Ha bi na mpaghara Abet nke Naijiria ka ha kwagachara ebe ahụ na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. Ha bi na mpaghara ihe dịka afọ 3 ruo 5 tupu ha akwaga kilomita ole na ole ọzọ n'ime Abet. Ozugbo ha guzobere ebe obibi, anụ ụlọ ha na-ata nri n'ime radius 3-mile. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">kpatara</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ji ahọrọ ịta nri na Abet bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị mma ọ na-ejide anụ ụlọ ha. Nke a sitere na oge ọkọchị na-adaba na ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke ọmụmụ ehi na mmepụta mmiri ara ehi. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">,</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> na-adị mfe ịzụ anụmanụ n'ebe ndị a mepere emepe karịa n'ebe ndị jupụtara na ahịhịa juru. Maka ikike ala na mpaghara a, ezinụlọ Fulani nwere ike inye ikike maka akụkụ nke ala site na usoro omenala. Ya mere, a na-ekesa ala site n'aka ndị isi ma ọ bụ ndị na-elekọta obodo nta ndị a bi na ya. </link> == Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ == Ihe atụ ọzọ nke ime ihe ike agbụrụ na Naijiria dị; <ref>{{Cite web|author=ORUMIE S. T.|title=2 NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION (NDDC) AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL PRODUCING COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF RIVERS STATE|url=http://www.unn.edu.ng/publications/files/images/ORUMIE%20S.%20T.%20NDDC%20AND%20DEVT%20OF%20OIL%20PRODUCING%20COMMUNITIES.pdf|work=University of Nigeria, Nsukka|publisher=[[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]]|accessdate=20 August 2017|date=May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820075101/http://www.unn.edu.ng/publications/files/images/ORUMIE%20S.%20T.%20NDDC%20AND%20DEVT%20OF%20OIL%20PRODUCING%20COMMUNITIES.pdf|archivedate=20 August 2017}}</ref> ndị a na-abụkarị ọgbaghara obodo ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị otú ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ ọgba aghara ndị Yoruba na Hausa na Lagos, <ref name="bbc-lagos">{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/978635.stm|title=Lagos calm after city centre riots|accessdate=3 March 2007|date=18 October 2000|work=BBC Online|publisher=[[BBC]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519001130/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/978635.stm|archivedate=19 May 2018}}</ref> ogbugbu ndị Igbo mere na 1966 ma ọ bụ ọgụ dị n'etiti ndị Itsekiri na ndị Ijaw na steeti Delta. Ndị ọzọ bụ esemokwu ala dị n'etiti ndị agbata obi, dịka esemokwu dị n'etiti Ile-Ife na Modakeke na ngwụcha 1990s na na steeti Ebonyi na 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/8986941/Nigeria-at-least-50-killed-in-communal-clashes.html/ |title=Nigeria: 'at least 50 killed' in communal clashes. |access-date=2023-11-01 |archive-date=2018-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312052605/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/8986941/Nigeria-at-least-50-killed-in-communal-clashes.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>    == Ntụaka == * {{Cite book|title=This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis|first=Karl|author=Maier|edition=illustrated, reprint|publisher=Basic Books|date=18 December 2002|isbn=0813340454|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780813340456}} [[Òtù:Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria]] 6grgsfifff1z6rog3i71ejallbcprss 0 33376 727805 699122 2026-09-25T03:30:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:800_iii_Infrastructure_comparisson.JPG|thumb|450x450px]] '''Ihe owuwu obodo na-adịgide adịgide''' na-agbasawanye na echiche nke akụrụngwa obodo site na ịgbakwunye ihe nkwado na atụmanya nke mmepe obodo mepere emepe ka mma ma dịkwuo ike. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Tiwari|first=Alok|year=2016|title=Urban Infrastructure Research: A Review of Ethiopian Cities|series=SpringerBriefs in Geography|location=London|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-30403-8|isbn=978-3-319-30401-4}}</ref>'ihe owuwu na ihe owuwu anụ ahụ na nke nhazi nke na-enyere obodo aka ịrụ ọrụ, nkwado na-achọkwa igbo mkpa nke ọgbọ dị ugbu a n'emeghị ka ikike nke ọgbọ ndị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu ghara ịdị irè. SDG 9, nke International Sustainable Development Goals setịpụrụ site na United Nations General Assembly, na-ahụ maka akụrụngwa, Otú ọ dị, akụrụngwa bụ ihe owuwu maka SDGs ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=the critical role of infrastructure for the sdgs|url=https://content.unops.org/publications/The-critical-role-of-infrastructure-for-the-SDGs_EN.pdf?mtime=20190314130614}}</ref> mere, ihe ịga nke ọma nke akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide bụ ihe nchegbu dị ukwuu n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọha mmadụ. Mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke obodo ukwu dị oke mkpa ebe ọ bụ na ihe karịrị 56% nke ndị bi n'ụwa bi n'obodo ukwu. Obodo ukwu na-eduga n'[[Climate action|Omume ihu igwe]], mgbe ha na-ahụ maka atụmatụ 75% nke ikuku carbon nke ụwa. <ref name=":55">{{Cite book|author=Bank|first=European Investment|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/sustainability-report-2021|title=EIB Group Sustainability Report 2021|date=2022-07-06|publisher=European Investment Bank|isbn=978-92-861-5237-5|language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Environment|first=U. N.|date=2017-09-26|title=Cities and climate change|url=http://www.unep.org/explore-topics/resource-efficiency/what-we-do/cities/cities-and-climate-change|accessdate=2022-07-27|work=UNEP - UN Environment Programme|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban Climate Action Is Crucial to Bend the Emissions Curve|url=https://unfccc.int/news/urban-climate-action-is-crucial-to-bend-the-emissions-curve|work=[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]]|accessdate=27 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405094057/https://unfccc.int/news/urban-climate-action-is-crucial-to-bend-the-emissions-curve|archivedate=Apr 5, 2023|language=en|date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-18|title=Cities: a 'cause of and solution to' climate change|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1046662|accessdate=2022-07-27|work=UN News|language=en|archivedate=2021-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304125023/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1046662}}</ref> == Echiche == [[Usòrò:Circles_of_Sustainability_image_(assessment_-_Melbourne_2011).jpg|thumb|Circles of Sustainability image (nnyocha - Melbourne 2011) ]] <ref name="Du">{{Cite journal|author=Du|first=Huibin|title=Research Development on Sustainable Urban Infrastructure From 1991 to 2017: A Bibliometric Analysis to Inform Future Innovations|journal=Earth's Future|year=2019|volume=7|issue=7|doi=10.1029/2018EF001117}}</ref> Bibliometric, nke e bipụtara na 2019, banyere ọganihu nke nyocha gbasara akụrụngwa obodo na-adịgide adịgide na-ekwusi ike na echiche a na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto na mpaghara nyocha ma na-agbanwe na oke ka teknụzụ na-akawanye mma. Dị ka College of Engineering and Applied Science nke Mahadum Colorado Denver si kwuo, akụrụngwa obodo na-ezo aka na usoro injinia (mmiri, ike, njem, ịdị ọcha, ozi) nke mejupụtara obodo. Ọ bụghị naanị dabere na nyocha nke ọrụ, mgbalị nkwado na akụrụngwa obodo na-achọ ịlụso [[Okpomọkụ gburugburu ụwa|okpomọkụ ụwa]] na ihe mkpofu obodo ọgụ, yana ịkwalite ọganihu akụ na ụba. Mmetụta mmekọrịta ọha <ref name="Ferrer">{{Cite journal|author=Ferrer|first=Ana|title=Sustainable urban infrastructure: A review|journal=Resources, Conservation and Recycling|year=2018|volume=128|doi=10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.07.017|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344916301914|accessdate=16 December 2020}}</ref> eze na akụ na ụba nke mgbalị ndị a na-emetụtakarị iwu na ọchịchị na mmejuputa akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide, na ọdịiche ha na-ebute mmemme dị iche iche dị na mba, mpaghara, ma ọ bụ karịa mpaghara. Ihe ịma aka ndị sitere <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/Engineering/Programs/Civil-Engineering/DegreePrograms/SpecialtyAreas/Pages/SustainableInfrastructure.aspx|title=Specialized Areas of Study|accessdate=5 March 2015|archivedate=18 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018000604/http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/Engineering/Programs/Civil-Engineering/DegreePrograms/SpecialtyAreas/Pages/SustainableInfrastructure.aspx}}</ref> mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ emeela ka mkpa maka akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide nke na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, na-efu ego, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/greenkit/sustain.htm|title=Action Planning and the Sustainable Community|work=U.S. EPA|accessdate=16 March 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924052815/http://www.epa.gov/greenkit/sustain.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>[[Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States]] na-ekwusi ike na usoro atụmatụ nke imewe na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike iduga na mmepe nke obodo nke na-adịkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, akụ na ụba, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Nhazi maka akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide na-ekwusi ike na mpaghara na ndụ na-adịgidere adịgide. Dabere na ụkpụrụ nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, ebumnuche bụ iji belata akara gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmadụ n'ógbè ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu. Ntọala maka ihe a ga-etinye n'ụdị obodo a dịgasị iche site n'ebe ruo n'ebe n'ihi ọdịiche dị na akụrụngwa dị ugbu a na ụdị e wuru, [[Lhu igwe|ihu igwe]], na nnweta nke ihe onwunwe na nkà mpaghara. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, enwere ike iwere ihe ndị a dị ka akụrụngwa obodo: * Usoro Njem ọha na eze * usoro na mmemme nke mmepụta na njikwa ike dị n'otu * ụlọ ndị dị elu na ihe mgbochi mmepe ndị ọzọ dị ka ikwe ka e wuo ụlọ ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide na mmezi ala. * oghere ahịhịa ndụ jikọtara ọnụ na ụzọ anụ ọhịaOkporo ụzọ anụ ọhịa * omume mmepe mmetụta dị ala iji chebe ihe onwunwe Mmiri * Usoro na atụmatụ iji Mbelata ọdachi * netwọk nkwurịta okwu na-ejikọta ọnụ * usoro iji mee ka nnweta nke ihe onwunwe ndị dị n'ógbè na ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe dịkwuo eluihe onwunwe ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe Echiche a haziri ahazi nke akụrụngwa obodo na-adịgide adịgide etolitela na ewu ewu. Kama ilekwasị a<ref name="Ferrer"/> n'ụlọ na oghere, ndị ọkachamara na-etinye ugbu a echiche gbasara metabolism nke obodo ukwu, njikọ nke ụmụ amaala, na mgbagwoju anya nke obodo na-emepe emepe ka oge na-aga. <ref name="Du"/>Ihe owuwu ahịhịa ndụ bụ akụkụ nke akụrụngwa obodo na-adịgide adịgide, ma na-atụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, ihe onwunwe mmiri, na ngwọta sitere na okike. == Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Ụwa Nile == === N'ozuzu === Mgbe ị na-atụle ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nyocha na mmepe, United States, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], [[Ostraliya|Australia]], na China na-etinye aka na ịmepụta ngwọta maka akụrụngwa. Ihe dị iche iche mba na-ebute ụzọ na-akpatakarị ebe dị iche iche na-adịgide adịgide n'etiti mba. Dabere na nyocha nke ọrụ na nyocha dịnụ, United States na United Kingdom na-ebute ụzọ ngwọta na-adịgide adịgide maka ọdịbendị, mmiri, ọdachi, na atụmatụ obodo. United States emeela ọganihu karịsịa na atụmatụ akụrụngwa ahịhịa ndụ (dịka Green Alley Programs). <ref name="Newell">{{Cite journal|author=Newell|first=Joshua|title=Green Alley Programs: Planning for a sustainable urban infrastructure?|journal=Cities|year=2013|volume=31|doi=10.1016/j.cities.2012.07.004|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275112001229|accessdate=17 December 2020}}</ref> Chi<ref name="Du"/> na Australia nwere ihe ndị yiri nke ahụ, mana njem nleta Australia na-ebute ụzọ karịa mgbochi ọdachi, ebe China na-etinye aka na ọchịchị, ọkụ eletrik, na mmepe ala. [1] === Afrịka === Existing infrastructure and governance challenges in general can slow progression towards sustainable urban practices. The United Nations' [[Ihe Ebumnuche Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide|2030 Sustainable Development Agenda]], applicable for a multitude of African countries, seeks to deal with these challenges while working towards sustainability. According to the UN, only 40% of the African population lives in urban areas, but these urban areas, and their interconnectedness, are quickly growing, requiring the consideration of sustainability. In light of this, the [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|African Union]] (AU) began its own sustainability and infrastructure initiative in ''[[Agenda 2063]]: The Africa We Want.'' African discourse with the UN has notably referenced the ethical extraction of resources and equitable access to resources as measures of sustainability within the infrastructure of a society's urban culture and metabolism. However, a lack of consistent government regulation and socioeconomic conditions continue to hinder attempts to establish a resilient and sustainably motivated network of cities across Africa. A national movement to create integrative urban policies, which have been adopted by many African countries, gives hope to the idea of governmental commitment to cooperatively developing land in the best interest of growing urban areas. <ref name="Pieterse">{{Cite journal|author=Pieterse|first=Edgar|title=African dreams: locating urban infrastructure in the 2030 sustainable developmental agenda|journal=Area Development and Policy|year=2018|volume=3|issue=2|pages=149–169|doi=10.1080/23792949.2018.1428111}}</ref> === Australia === N'adịghị ka mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị China, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na Australia na-eche ihe egwu egwu ihu n'ihi mbelata nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Mmepe ala <ref name="Ness">{{Cite journal|author=Ness|first=David|title=Sustainable urban infrastructure in China: Towards a Factor 10 improvement in resource productivity through integrated infrastructure systems|journal=The International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology|volume=15|issue=4|doi=10.3843/SusDev.15.4:2a|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3843/SusDev.15.4:2a|accessdate=17 December 2020}}</ref> mma, nke otu ndị bureaucratic jikọtara ọnụ na Australia niile, na usoro ọrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ nwere ike ịbawanye uru mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gburugburu ebe obibi, na akụ na ụba nke mba n'agbanyeghị ma ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-abawanye ma ọ bụ na-ebelata. === Canada === A na-akpọkwa akụrụngwa obodo na-adịgide adịgide na [[Kánada|Canada]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unepinquiry.org/publication/sustainable-infrastructure-and-finance/|title=Sustainable Infrastructure and Finance - UN Environment Inquiry|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2019-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426044321/http://unepinquiry.org/publication/sustainable-infrastructure-and-finance/}}</ref> bụ atụmatụ akụrụngwa nke na-eme ka ọganihu gaa na ebumnuche nke ibi Ndụ na-adịgide adịgide n'ebe ma ọ bụ mpaghara. A na-elebara anya na [[Nka na Uzu|teknụzụ]] na Iwu gọọmentị nke na-eme ka Atụmatụ obodo maka ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide na ọrụ ugbo na-adịgidere. Na Canada, ọtụtụ òtù ndị metụtara ọrụ FCM InfraGuide, gụnyere Federation of Canadian Municipalities, Infrastructure Canada, National Research Council of Canada, na Canadian Public Works Association, na-achọ inweta nkwado na akụrụngwa obodo, ọkachasị nnukwu akụrụngwa. Òtù ndị a na-akwado [[Nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa|Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi]], na itinye Ihe ngosi gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ihe ndị na-Ime mkpebi n'oge kachasị. A na-elekwasị anya nke nta na akụrụngwa ime obodo na-adịgide adịgide, ọ bụ ezie na, nke a bụ ebumnuche ekwupụtara nke ọrụ ahụ, dị ka mmepe ime obodo na Mba ndị na-emepe emepe. N'echiche ha, nchegbu maka nkwado na-emetụta "nlekọta, idozi na imelite akụrụngwa nke na-akwado ndụ anyị" gụnyere ma ọ dịkarịa ala: * Mkpebi ime obodo na atụmatụ itinye ego * mmiri ọṅụṅụ * [[Mmiri nke oké ifufe|Mmiri ozuzo]] na mmiri na-adịghị mma karịsịa na-ebelata anya mmiri dị otú ahụ na-aga iji gwọọ ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ * okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ na njikọta ha na Usoro njem iji nweta ndị mmadụ na-agafe agafe * [[Nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa|Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi]] na omume multidisciplinary iji hụ na a na-akwanyere ha ùgwù, dịka Ịzụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ndị a na ndị ọzọ gọọmentị Canada, gụnyere Auditor General nke Canada na Service Canada, na-elekwasị anya na mgbalị ndị metụtara ya dị ka nyocha arụmọrụ obodo, teknụzụ ozi, teknụgbọ nkwukọrịta, ịzụta omume na ịkekọrịta "data, ozi, akụrụngwa nkịtị, teknụnụ," na mkpa ọ dị "ịjikọta usoro azụmahịa ha". Karịsịa, njikọta a na-ebelata duplication na ihe mkpofu, ọkachasị ikuku na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nke bụ nchegbu n'okpuru Kyoto Protocol nke Canada kwere nkwa iji mezuo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16151310|title=Canada to withdraw from Kyoto Protocol|work=BBC News|date=13 December 2011|accessdate=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/global-climate-change-regime/p21831|title=The Global Climate Change Regime|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|accessdate=16 March 2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317214347/http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/global-climate-change-regime/p21831}}</ref>'afọ 2011, Canada si na Kyoto Protocol pụọ n'ihi nchegbu akụ na ụba. === China === Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke China enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe onwunwe na mmepụta ihe onwunwa, nke mere ka gọọmentị China na akụ na ụba nwee nrụgide iji guzobe ụzọ dị irè nke iji ihe onwunye mee ka ndị obodo China dịrị ogologo ndụ. Usoro akụ na ụba Circular amalitelarị idozi nsogbu a site n'ịmanye nyocha ugboro ugboro na iji ya mee ihe n'oge ndụ niile nke ngwaahịa. Iji dozie nsogbu a, nke mbụ, China ga-emeziwanye iji kwalite ọganihu nke sayensị na teknụzụ na njikwa azụmaahịa ma melite arụmọrụ ọrụ. Nke abụọ bụ iduzi ụlọ ọrụ iji melite njikọta nke ihe mmepụta na-agbaso mkpa ahịa ma nweta interface n'etiti mmepụta na ọchịchọ. Nke atọ, gọọmentị ga-ekwe ka asọmpi na usoro nke iwepụ ndị mmeri na ndị na-efunahụ n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ iji bulie ikike imepụta na ịrụ ọrụ. N'ikpeazụ ma ọ bụghị nke kachasị mkpa, gọọmentị China na-eme atụmatụ obodo ukwu nke oge a n'ebe dị iche iche. Usoro nke oge <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Xiaoxiao|date=2020-06-01|title=Dynamics of urban sprawl and sustainable development in China|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038012118303495|journal=Socio-Economic Planning Sciences|language=en|volume=70|pages=100736|doi=10.1016/j.seps.2019.100736|issn=0038-0121}}</ref> gụnyere njem mepere emepe, mmiri, na mpaghara onwe onye pụrụ iche na mgbasa nke mpaghara igwe. Ụwa mbụ na mba ndị mepere emepe, dị ka akụkụ ụfọdụ nke China, na-achọkarị itolite n'ụzọ dị egwu na mmepụta akụ na ụba na ịzụ ahịa, mana a ga-ejikọta uto a na mbelata dị egwu na ojiji nke ihe onwunwe nke enwere ike inweta site na usoro usoro jikọtara ọnụ. Usoro a nke itinye ndị na-azụ ahịa na mgbanwe ndụ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa ọha na eze, na-egosipụta usoro usoro nke akụrụngwa obodo. Site <ref name="Ness"/>'imeso nkwado dị ka ọrụ nke usoro jikọtara ọnụ (dịka njem, mmepe ala, nhazi obodo, wdg), enwere ike ịbawanye mmetụta nke mgbanwe ọ bụla n'otu usoro n'emeghị ka ngalaba nke akụrụngwa daa. === Indonesia === Mmepe nke North Jakarta bụ isiokwu nke ọrụ 2012 iji nyochaa ịdị irè nke itinye n'ọrụ imepụta ihe na-adịgide adịgide, yana ihe ọmụma ọha na eze banyere uru nke imepụta dị otú ahụ. Obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-ata ahụhụ karịsịa site na nnukwu ọdịiche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nnukwu oghere, na atụmatụ mmepe na-adịghị mma. Nso<ref name="Azwar">{{Cite journal|author=Azwar|first=Sylvira|title=Model of Sustainable Urban Infrastructure at Coastal Reclamation of North Jakarta|journal=Procedia Environmental Sciences|year=2013|volume=17|doi=10.1016/j.proenv.2013.02.059}}</ref> sitere na Structural Equations Model (SEM) kpughere na, ọ bụ ezie na redesigning na-adịgide adịgide ga-enyere aka bulie mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ịdị irè ọha na eze maka akụrụngwa obodo na-adịte aka adịghị nke ukwuu. Nnyocha ọha na eze e mere na Jakarta mesiri ihe ndị a ike: * ojiji ala * njem ọha na eze * oghere e wuru * oghere oghere * akụrụngwa netwọk na ihe mkpofu * ike * mmiri * ikuku na anyanwụ === Switzerland === <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/utkmedia/docs/nachhaltigesinvestment_2016/65?e=1307954/30767650|title=Nachhaltigesinvestment 2016|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2017-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123040322/https://issuu.com/utkmedia/docs/nachhaltigesinvestment_2016/65?e=1307954/30767650}}</ref> Global Infrastructure Basel Foundation (GIB) na-akwado ndị ọrụ dị iche iche, dị ka gọọmentị, ụlọ akụ, na obodo ukwu, n'ịmepụta, itinye n'ọrụ, na ịkwụ ụgwọ ọrụ akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide n'obodo ukwu n'oge niile nke usoro ọrụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-africa/news/sustainable-trade-infrastructure-in-africa-a-key-element-for-growth|title=Sustainable trade infrastructure in Africa: A key element for growth and prosperity? - International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development|work=www.ictsd.org|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106185836/http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-africa/news/sustainable-trade-infrastructure-in-africa-a-key-element-for-growth}}</ref> ọ dị ugbu a, GIB emepụtala, na mmekorita ya na ụlọ akụ French Natixis, SuRe® Standard - The Standard for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, [1] nke bụ ọkọlọtọ ISEAL zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laprensalibre.cr/Noticias/detalle/69610/firman-acuerdo-para-garantizar-transparencia-en-construcciones|title=Firman acuerdo para garantizar transparencia en construcciones - laprensalibre.cr|author=www.laprensalibre.cr|work=www.laprensalibre.cr|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2020-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807161440/http://www.laprensalibre.cr/Noticias/detalle/69610/firman-acuerdo-para-garantizar-transparencia-en-construcciones}}</ref> GIB emepụtawokwa SuRe® SmartScan, ụdị dị mfe nke SuRe® Standard nke na-eje ozi dị ka ngwá ọrụ nyocha onwe onye maka ọrụ akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunwindenergy.com/content/sure-global-infrastructure-standard-sustainable-future|title=SuRe - The Global Infrastructure Standard for a Sustainable Future|author=Kronsbein|date=6 February 2017}}</ref> na-enye ndị mmepe ọrụ nyocha zuru oke nke isiokwu dị iche iche nke SuRe® Standard, na-enye ntọala siri ike maka ọrụ akụrụngwa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke na-eme atụmatụ ịghọ nke SuRe CAD Standard kwadoro. == Akụkụ nke akụrụngwa ==   === Ihe ndị e ji rụọ n'okporo ụzọ === [[Usòrò:Net-zero_energy_building_(NZEB)_icon_copy.png|thumb|Net-zero ike ụlọ na-eji passive design na renewable energy]] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061007054904/http://www.postcarbon.org/node/4190 Obodo nwere ike ịzọpụta ụwa: ihe ngwọta obodo maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, mkpochapụ ụdị na mmanụ kachasị elu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050330220534/http://www.nrtee-trnee.ca/eng/programs/current_programs/Gbudget/Budget2003/GB2003-Urban_E.htm National Round Table nke Canada na-atụ aro gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba re: akụrụngwa obodo na-adịgide adịgide] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050314181834/http://www.nrtee-trnee.ca/eng/programs/ArchivedPrograms/Sustainable_Cities/intropage.htm National Round Table nke Canada na gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba Sustainable Cities Initiative] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070603085120/http://www.ctinfo.ca/ Obodo nke ụlọ ọrụ na nyocha echi na Regina, Canada] * [https://ms.mbd.baidu.com/r/OQd1EIF9M4?f=cp&u=2a5c646f4cdc7b1e] [[Òtù:Wiki activate SDG]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] psekghgnry9etek6gn1hp0fkrd0o6od 0 33496 727873 580361 2026-09-25T08:50:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/triple-threat-ua-health-vp-to-earn-k-year/article_303e9a3e-cb28-5604-90f0-eec9dda203ee.html|title='Triple threat' UA health VP to earn $810K/year|first=Stephanie Innes Arizona Daily|author=Star|work=Arizona Daily Star}}</ref>'''Joe G. N. "Skip" Garcia''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1954) bụ onye sayensị nke akpa ume nke America, dọkịta na onye nkuzi. == Akụkọ ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Garcia na 1954 na El Paso, Texas ma mechaa B.S. ya na Biology na Mahadum Dallas na 1976. Ọ natara M.D. ya na Mahadum Texas Southwestern Medical School na 1980. <ref name="auto3"/> Ọ gụsịrị ọzụzụ na ọzụzụ obibi na Internal Medicine na Mahadum nke Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (1980-1983) na ọzụzụ mkpakọrịta na Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine na Albany Medical College (1983-1985). Garcia malitere ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya dị ka onye enyemaka Prọfesọ nke Ọgwụ na Mahadum Texas Health Center na Tyler (1985-1988) ebe o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ akpa ume. Ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na Indiana University School of Medicine (1988-1998) ebe (na 1992) e nyere ya prọfesor zuru oke na Indiana University Academy of Medicine akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Dr. Calvin H. English Prọfesọ nke Ọgwụ. Maka ọrụ afọ ofufo ya na ọrụ obodo ya na ndị ọrụ ugbo Hispanic nke Indiana, Garcia natara onyinye Otis Bowen Community Service nke steeti Indiana (1994) na Physician Community Service Award (1994) site na Indiana State Medical Association.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 1998, Garcia kwagara na Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine na-eje ozi dị ka Dr. David Marine Professor of Medicine, Environmental Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, na Director of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (1998-2005) ma jee ozi dị ka Division Director (1998-2005). E nyere Garcia Levine Excellence in Mentoring Award n'afọ 2005. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/medicine/research/levine_award_recipients.pdf|title=Levine Award Recipients|work=www.hopkinsmedicine.org|accessdate=2019-07-08|archivedate=2017-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233807/http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/medicine/research/levine_award_recipients.pdf}}</ref> Na Mee 2005 Garcia sonyeere Mahadum Chicago dị ka Lowell T. Coggeshall Prọfesọ nke Ọgwụ na Onye isi oche nke Ngalaba Ọgwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|title=Joe G.N. Garcia appointed chairman of medicine at the University of Chicago|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/news/2005/20050501-joe-garcia.html|quote=Joe G.N. "Skip" Garcia, MD--a leading authority on lung biology and disease; the genetics, prevention, and treatment of pulmonary edema; and the molecular biology of blood vessels--has been appointed the Lowell T. Coggeshall Professor and chairman of the department of medicine, the largest department at the University of Chicago, effective May 1, 2005. ...|publisher=[[University of Chicago]]|date=May 1, 2005|accessdate=2014-12-27}}</ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa (2005 - 2009) Garcia duziri uto atụmatụ nke ngalaba kachasị ukwuu na Mahadum Chicago. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, ego nyocha karịrị $ 80 nde kwa afọ na ọkwa mba nke Ngalaba maka nyocha gọọmentị etiti na-arị elu site na # 25 ruo # 10 (2005 - 2009). Mgbe <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.uic.edu/health-system-making-progress|title=Health system 'making progress' &#124; UIC Today|work=today.uic.edu}}</ref> bụ onye isi oche, Garcia duziri ọtụtụ atụmatụ na-emeziwanye okike, agbụrụ na agbụrụ dị iche iche nke ngalaba na mmemme ọzụzụ mkpakọrịta obibi. Site na ilekwasị anya na mmepe nke ngalaba na ụzọ ọrụ dọkịta na sayensị, n'okpuru nduzi Garcia, ngalaba ahụike nwere mmụba 200% na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onyinye ọrụ NIH (K-Series). Dabere <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pritzker.uchicago.edu/resources/bowman-society|title=Bowman society|work=pritzker.uchicago.edu}}</ref> ihe ịga nke ọma nke atụmatụ ndị a, na 2006, e nyere Garcia onyinye Diversity Award site na Bowman Society na Association of Professors of Medicine. N'ịtụ anya ịmanye ọgwụ ziri ezi, Garcia guzobere ngalaba nke Genetic Medicine ma were Nancy Cox, PhD na onye isi ngalaba mbụ wee malite Translational Research Initiative na Ngalaba Ọgwụ (TRIDOM).<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://cri.uchicago.edu/portfolio/tridom/|title=TRIDOM}}</ref>, [1] mgbalị nchịkọta ihe nlele buru ibu na-enyere ndị nchọpụta aka ijikọ ozi ahụike na ọnọdụ ọrịa na ihe nlele nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. [2] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2010, a kpọrọ ya osote onye isi oche maka nyocha na Earl M Bane Prọfesọ nke ọgwụ na Mahadum Illinois na Chicago na-elekọta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde $ 400 (nchọpụta biomedicinal 70%). Ọ malitere atụmatụ atụmatụ dị ukwuu nke mere ka e mepụta ụlọ ọrụ na ebe ọhụrụ ndị lekwasịrị anya na ọgwụ ziri ezi, ọdịiche ahụike na bioinformatics. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uillinois.edu/cms/One.aspx?portalId=1324&pageId=136938|title=Interim Vice Presidents Named - University of Illinois System|accessdate=June 7, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034456/https://www.uillinois.edu/cms/One.aspx?portalId=1324&pageId=136938|archivedate=August 17, 2017}}</ref>'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2011, a kpọrọ Garcia onye isi oche mbụ nke Mahadum Illinois maka ihe gbasara ahụike. N'ịkọwa naanị Onye isi oche nke Mahadum Illinois, ọ na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ $ 1.5 ijeri na ngụkọta ego na mmefu ego kwa afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.news.uic.edu/uicnews-1992-2013/15965-university-debuts-new-identity-for-health-care-enterprise.html|title=University debuts new identity for health care enterprise|work=archive.news.uic.edu|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2019-07-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708223424/https://archive.news.uic.edu/uicnews-1992-2013/15965-university-debuts-new-identity-for-health-care-enterprise.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.news.uic.edu/uicnews-1992-2013/15409-garcia-outlines-strategies-for-universitys-health-care-enterprise.html|title=Garcia outlines strategies for university's health care enterprise|work=archive.news.uic.edu|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2023-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407223602/https://archive.news.uic.edu/uicnews-1992-2013/15409-garcia-outlines-strategies-for-universitys-health-care-enterprise.html}}</ref> mere nke ọma n'ịgbanwe aha zuru oke iji guzobe Ụlọ Ọgwụ Illinois na Usoro Sayensị Ahụike, na usoro jikọtara ọnụ nke gụnyere ụlọ ọgwụ Mahadum, ụlọ ọgwụ VA, ihe karịrị ụlọ ọgwụ nlekọta ndị ọrịa 60, ụlọ ọrụ ahụike 12 nke gọọmentị etiti, kọleji sayensị ahụike 7 na ogige mpaghara 4. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thegatenewspaper.com/2013/02/school-based-health-center-opens-in-brighton-park-photos/|title=School-Based Health Center Opens in Brighton Park|quote=Dr. Joseph Garcia, vice president of Health Affairs|accessdate=March 13, 2014|archivedate=March 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314090118/http://www.thegatenewspaper.com/2013/02/school-based-health-center-opens-in-brighton-park-photos/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.uic.edu/open-house-at-new-mile-square-englewood-clinic|title=Open House at New Mile Square Englewood Clinic|quote=Dr. Joe G.N. “Skip” Garcia, vice president for health affairs at the University of Illinois|accessdate=March 13, 2014}}</ref>'okpuru idu ndú ya, e meghere ụlọ ọgwụ nlekọta ahụike ọhụrụ na Englewood [1] na Brighton Park . [2] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchoputa maka Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine nke na-elekwasị anya na ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ahụike. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aqualungtherapeutics.com/company.html|title=The Company - About Us|date=|accessdate=2014-12-27|quote=Aqualung Therapeutics was founded in December 2010 by Dr. Joe G. N. Garcia ... to develop novel therapeutic agents discovered by his research laboratory team at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) into clinical therapies for treating acute, subacute, and chronic inflammatory lung injury.|publisher=Aqualung Therapeutics|archivedate=2015-02-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201120321/http://aqualungtherapeutics.com/company.html}}</ref>'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2010, o guzobere Aqualung Therapeutics, nke e mere iji mepụta usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ndị na-arịa ọrịa siri ike. N'afọ 2011, a họpụtara ya na Institute of Medicine nke National Academies. (A maara ugbu a dị ka National Academy for Medicine) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/uicnews/articledetail.cgi?id=15779|title=Garcia named to Institute of Medicine|date=|accessdate=2014-12-27|quote=Joe G. N. “Skip” Garcia, university vice president for health affairs and UIC vice chancellor for research, was elected a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, considered one of the highest honors in health and medicine.|publisher=[[University of Illinois at Chicago]]}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/joe-g-n-skip-garcia-appointed-ua-senior-vice-president-for-health-sciences|title=Joe G. N. 'Skip' Garcia Appointed UA Senior Vice President for Health Sciences|first=Arizona Health Sciences|author=Center|work=UANews|date=June 27, 2013}}</ref>'afọ 2013, a nabatara Garcia na Mahadum Arizona dị ka Onye isi osote onye isi oche maka sayensị ahụike na Merlin K. DuVal Endowed Prọfesọ nke Ọgwụ. <ref name="auto2" /> duziri njikọta atụmatụ nke nyocha agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ na ọrụ ahụike n'etiti kọleji, ụlọ ọrụ na njikọ ahụike nke UA. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uahs.arizona.edu/senior-vice-president-health-sciences/staff|title=Executive Team: Office of the Senior Vice President for Health Sciences|date=June 4, 2014|work=The University of Arizona Health Sciences|accessdate=November 4, 2023|archivedate=February 28, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228164456/https://uahs.arizona.edu/senior-vice-president-health-sciences/staff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phoenixmed.arizona.edu/about/news/distinguished-cardiologist-and-scientist-dr-guy-reed-named-dean-ua-college-medicine|title=Distinguished Cardiologist and Scientist Dr. Guy Reed Named Dean of the UA College of Medicine – Phoenix|date=April 25, 2017|work=The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix}}</ref>'ime afọ 3.5, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche, College of Medicine - Tucson (2014 - 2015) ma nata 3 UA Health Science Deans, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medicine.arizona.edu/alumni/alumni-slide/dr-charles-b-cairns-named-dean|title=Dr. Charles B. Cairns Named Dean &#124; College of Medicine - Tucson|work=medicine.arizona.edu|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410110825/https://medicine.arizona.edu/alumni/alumni-slide/dr-charles-b-cairns-named-dean}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uahs.arizona.edu/news/dr-rick-g-schnellmann-appointed-dean-university-arizona-college-pharmacy|title=Dr. Rick G. Schnellmann Appointed Dean of the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy|date=July 20, 2016|work=The University of Arizona Health Sciences}}</ref> 10 isi oche oche ngalaba, 10 osote onye isi oche na ndị nduzi etiti na ndị nduji ngalaba 12 UA yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị isi sayensị na nyocha dị elu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cancercenter.arizona.edu/news/ua-cancer-center-retains-status-176m-award|title=News|work=University of Arizona Cancer Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/ua-cancer-center-names-kraft-new-director/article_448800ea-48e7-5f7d-8c3d-0923518ffc74.html|title=UA Cancer Center names Kraft new director|first=Stephanie|author=Innes|work=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410063703/https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/ua-cancer-center-names-kraft-new-director/article_448800ea-48e7-5f7d-8c3d-0923518ffc74.html|archive-date=2023-04-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> kpọtara Andrew S. Kraft, M.D. ka ọ duzie UA NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center [1] ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na-eduga n'ịgbanwe nkwado nke UA's NCI Comprehensive cancer Center (July 2016) [2] Garcia duziri re-branding nke Arizona Health Science Center ka ọ bụrụ Mahadum nke Arizona Health Sciences (UAHS) na njikọta nke ọrụ UAHS dị oke mkpa na mmelite na arụmọrụ. Atụmatụ agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere nguzobe nke <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uahs.arizona.edu/news/new-vision-ahsc-outlined-dec-17-town-hall|title=New Vision for AHSC Outlined at Dec. 17 Town Hall &#124; the University of Arizona Health Sciences|accessdate=June 13, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723002732/http://uahs.arizona.edu/news/new-vision-ahsc-outlined-dec-17-town-hall|archivedate=July 23, 2017}}</ref> UAHS isiokwu center nke ịdị mma na ọdịiche ahụike, ahụike na nsonaazụ ahụike nke ndị mmadụ, ọgwụ ziri ezi na neuroscience. Okike nke ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ndị <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildcat.arizona.edu/article/2016/07/ua-and-banner-receive-43-million-research-grant-from-nih|title=UA and Banner receive $43 million research grant from NIH|work=The Daily Wildcat}}</ref> dugara na mmụba nke ego NIH na onyinye nke $ 43.3 nde NIH precision medicine initiative cohort program award. Garcia malitere mgbalị iji mụbaa ọ<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://diversity.medicine.arizona.edu/news/dr-francisco-moreno-assumes-new-ahsc-leadership-role-advance-diversity-and-inclusion-health|title=Dr. Francisco Moreno Assumes New AHSC Leadership Role to Advance Diversity and Inclusion in Health Care &#124; Diversity and Inclusion in the College of Medicine|work=diversity.medicine.arizona.edu}}</ref> dị n'ime kọleji sayensị ahụike ise na-emepụta Office of Diversity and Inclusion, [1] na ịkwalite mmemme ndị dị ka PRIDE, BLAISER na FRONTERA nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịmepụta ndị ọrụ nlekọta ahụike dị iche iche. [2] Garcia bụ onye isi otu UA Health Science (UAHS) mkparịta ụka, na-enyere aka ime ka njikọta dị n'etiti Mahadum Arizona Health Network na Banner Health System nke dị na Phoenix. Nke <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medicine.arizona.edu/alumni/alumni-slide/banner-update-relationship-will-make-us-better|title=Banner Update: 'This Relationship Will Make Us Better' &#124; College of Medicine - Tucson|work=medicine.arizona.edu|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410110848/https://medicine.arizona.edu/alumni/alumni-slide/banner-update-relationship-will-make-us-better}}</ref> gụnyere ịmepụta onyinye agụmakwụkwọ $ 300 nde iji mee ihe na UA iji kwado nyocha na nchụso agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, $ 150 nde iji kpochapụ ụgwọ UAHN na $ 500 nde na mmelite isi obodo karịa afọ ise. Na Jenụwarị 2017, Garcia gbanwere uche ya ka ọ gaa n'ihu na nyocha ọhụrụ ya na nke ntụgharị <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tucson.com/news/dr-joe-g-n-skip-garcia-resigns-as-head-of/article_432738c2-bd81-11e6-b791-e718c15c1567.html|title=Dr. Joe G.N. "Skip" Garcia resigns as head of UA medical schools|first=Stephanie|author=Innes|work=Arizona Daily Star}}</ref> na ije ozi dị ka onye guzobere na onye isi nke Aqualung Therapeutics na Restore Therapeuics, ụlọ ọrụ ndị lekwasịrị anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnwụ na ọrịa ahụike. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Joe G.N. ‘Skip’ Garcia, M.D., Named to Key UF Health Leadership Position » The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology » Scripps Biomedical Research » University of Florida|url=https://scripps.ufl.edu/2022/11/08/joe-g-n-skip-garcia-m-d-named-to-key-uf-health-leadership-position/|accessdate=2023-03-27|language=en}}</ref> ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 5, 2023, a kpọrọ Garcia dịka osote onye isi oche maka nyocha na UF, ụlọ ọrụ ahụike agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Florida. == Ihe ndị dị mkpa ọ rụzuru == Garcia anọgidewo na-enweta ego site na NIH kemgbe 1988 (onye nchọpụta bụ isi nke ọtụtụ mmemme mmemme, R01s, wdg). O dere ma ọ bụ soro dee ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 500 ndị ọgbọ nyochara na ihe karịrị isi akwụkwọ 40. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm|title=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council|publisher=Nhlbi.nih.gov|accessdate=October 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021153850/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm|archive-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> bụ onye isi oche gara aga nke Central Society for Clinical Research, onye so na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke American Thoracic Society na onye otu ma ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke ọtụtụ NIH, kọmitii <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/factbook-07/chapter6.htm|quote=Joe G. N. Garcia, M.D. (2010) University of Chicago|title=Institute Public Advisory Committees|publisher=Nhlbi.nih.gov|accessdate=October 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027165249/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/factbook-07/chapter6.htm|archive-date=October 27, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> na otu ọrụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/workshops/lung-transplant.htm|title=NHLBI Working Group Lung Allograft Transplantation|quote=Joe G. N. Garcia, M.D., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine|publisher=[[NHLBI]]|accessdate=October 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027115219/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/workshops/lung-transplant.htm|archive-date=October 27, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> gụnyere NHLBI Advisory Council . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ma ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Microvascular Research,, Endothelium: Circulation Research, Physiologic Genomics, American Journal of Cellular and Molecular BiologyPulmonary Circulation. A họpụtala ya n'ọtụtụ òtù nsọpụrụ gụnyere American Clinical and Climatological Association (Vice President), American Society for Clinical Investigation, na Association of Academic Professors na National Academy of Medicine. == Nsọpụrụ == Ọ natala ihe karịrị 25 citations na onyinye. Ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 500 ndị ọgbọ nyochara, 40,000 citations, h-index nke 101 na i10-index nke 581.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fzilbbEAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Joe G. N. Garcia, MD - Google Scholar Citations|work=scholar.google.com|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410162146/https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fzilbbEAAAAJ&hl=en}}</ref> * 2016 Edward Livingston Trudeau Medal site na American Thoracic Society<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu/dr-joe-g-n-skip-garcia-selected-ats-2016-trudeau-medal-recipient|title=Dr. Joe G. N. "Skip" Garcia Selected as ATS 2016 Trudeau Medal Recipient &#124; Garcia Lab|work=garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2022-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228225606/https://garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu/dr-joe-g-n-skip-garcia-selected-ats-2016-trudeau-medal-recipient}}</ref> * 2015 Tucson Hispanic Center <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu/dr-joe-gn-skip%E2%80%99-garcia-named-recipient-2015-la-estrella-award-tucson-hispanic-chamber-commerce|title=Dr. Joe G.N. 'Skip' Garcia Named Recipient of 2015 La Estrella Award From Tucson Hispanic Chamber of Commerce &#124; Garcia Lab|work=garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2022-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228192403/https://garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu/dr-joe-gn-skip%E2%80%99-garcia-named-recipient-2015-la-estrella-award-tucson-hispanic-chamber-commerce}}</ref> Excellence La Estrella Award [1] * <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu/dr-joe-g-n-skip-garcia-receives-ats-leadership-award|title=Dr. Joe G. N. "Skip" Garcia Receives ATS Leadership Award &#124; Garcia Lab|work=garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu|accessdate=July 8, 2019|archivedate=April 9, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409234324/https://garcialab.uahs.arizona.edu/dr-joe-g-n-skip-garcia-receives-ats-leadership-award}}</ref> American Thoracic Society Leadership Award for Pulmonary Circulation [1] * 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/News%20Announcements/2011-New-Members.aspx|title=IOM Elects 65 New Members, Five Foreign Associates|date=October 17, 2011|accessdate=2014-12-27|quote=Joe G.N. Garcia, M.D., vice president for health affairs, vice chancellor for research, and Earl M. Bane Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago|publisher=[[Institute of Medicine]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811010011/http://iom.edu/Global/News%20Announcements/2011-New-Members.aspx|archivedate=August 11, 2014}}</ref> họpụtara ya na Institute of Medicine nke National Academies . [1] * 2009 Diversity Award site Association of Professors in Medicine maka ihe ọhụrụ na ịkwalite ọdịiche dị iche iche na ọgwụ agụmakwụkwọ [1] * 2004 <ref>{{Cite journal|volume=123|journal=Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc|title=Secretary-Treasurer's Report: The One Hundred Twenty-fourth Meeting held at The Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, FL, October 20 through October 23, 2011|year=2012|pages=lvi-lxii}}</ref> họpụtara ya na American Clinical and Climatological Association (Vice President) [1] * 2003 American Thoracic Society Distinguished Scientist Award. Ihe nrite a na-amata "onyinye Dr. Garcia nyere na nghọta nke endothelial biology na ọkwa bụ isi", "ụzọ njikọta iji sụgharịa nchọpụta ndị bụ isi na akpa ume na ụdị anụmanụ dum", na "ihe nlereanya maka ndị mmadụ na-achọ ịghọ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ maka ahụike". * 2002 David M. Levine Excellence in Mentoring Award site na Mahadum Johns Hopkins. * 1999 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uacc.arizona.edu/profile/joe-garcia|title=Joe G N "Skip" Garcia, MD &#124; the University of Arizona Cancer Center|accessdate=June 14, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702200837/http://uacc.arizona.edu/profile/joe-garcia|archivedate=July 2, 2016}}</ref> họpụtara ya na Interurban Clinical Club [1] * 1996 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-asci.org/controllers/asci/AsciProfileController.php?pid=160351|title=The American Society for Clinical Investigation}}</ref> họpụtara ya na American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) [1] * 1990 Henry F. Christian Award for Meritorious Research site na American Federation of Medical Research. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qt9yxdt4cnc3bh41v4hgc2erqutgvr7 0 34101 727724 692695 2026-09-24T20:46:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|website={{url| https://funmiayinke.com}}}}{{Databox}} <ref>{{Cite web|title=Funmi Ayinke and Nigeria's history|url=https://guardian.ng/features/funmi-ayinke-and-nigerias-history/|accessdate=1 March 2022|work=guardian.ng|date=March 2022}}</ref>'''Funmi Ayinke''' (amụrụ na 27 Mee 1983) bụ onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria a ma ama, onye ọrụ ebere, onye nkuzi na onye mmepụta ihe. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Ayinke na 27 Mee 1983. Ọ gara Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) na Injinia igwe. O nwere nzere masta na Business Administration (MBA). == Ọrụ == Ayinke malitere mmemme National Youth Service Corps na Ministry of Work and Housing, Gumel, Jigawa State. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Nigerian Youths Earnestly Yearn for Ambassador Funmi Ayinke|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/why-nigerian-youths-earnestly-yearn-for-ambassador-funmi-ayinke/|accessdate=24 February 2022|work=vanguardngr.com|date=24 February 2022}}</ref> Mgbe ọnwa itoolu gasịrị, ọ laghachiri na Ngalaba Ọrụ na Ọrụ nke Mahadum Ọrụ Ugbo Federal, [[Abeokuta]] (FUNAAB), [[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun State]], mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ nọrọ obere oge na Adefun Investment, [[Ibadan]]. Ọ sonyeere Ngalaba Injinịa Mechanical nke Ngalaba Ọrụ na Ọrụ FUNAAB na Febụwarị 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Funmilayo Waheed-Adekojo 'Whatever a man can do today, the enablement came from a woman's womb'|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/funmilayo-waheed-adekojowhatever-a-man-can-do-today-the-enablement-came-from-a-womans-womb/|accessdate=27 November 2021|work=guardian.ng|date=27 November 2021|archivedate=27 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127043501/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/funmilayo-waheed-adekojowhatever-a-man-can-do-today-the-enablement-came-from-a-womans-womb/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=May 29: Journalist tasks Tinubu on youths inclusion in governanceMay 29: Journalist tasks Tinubu on youths inclusion in governance|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/05/may-29-journalist-tasks-tinubu-on-youths-inclusion-in-governance/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=vanguardngr.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Urgent Need For Professionals Like Funmi Ayinke Waheed Adekojo In Nigeria, By Moji Danisa|url=https://www.firstweeklymagazine.com/urgent-need-for-professionals-like-funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo-in-nigeri-by-moji-danisa/https://www.firstweeklymagazine.com/urgent-need-for-professionals-like-funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo-in-nigeri-by-moji-danisa/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=firstweeklymagazine.com}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị FUNAAB, Ayinke guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, [https://web.archive.org/web/20231105193616/https://www.funmiayinkengltd.org/ Funmi Ayinke Nigeria Limited]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Urgent Need for Professionals Like Funmi Ayinke Waheed Adekojo in Nigeria – A Perspective by Moji|url=https://thecitypulsenews.com/urgent-need-for-professionals-like-funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo-in-nigeria-a-perspective-by-moji-danisa/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=thecitypulsenews.com}}</ref> malitekwara akara ndekọ nke ya, Funmi Ayinke Music Record Label (FRL) n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, na-etinye aka na ndị omenkà atọ si Lagos. Oge mbụ ọ na-abụ abụ bụ n'abụ abụ na chọọchị. Ihe mbụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Funmi Ayinke Launches Record Label, Signs Three Artistes|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/funmi-ayinke-launches-record-label-signs-three-artistes/|accessdate=4 October 2021|work=tribuneonlineng.com|date=4 October 2021}}</ref> wepụtara, "Ọ bụ Oge Anyị", sitere na ngagharị iwe "End SARS" na Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Urgent Need for Professionals Like Funmi Ayinke Waheed Adekojo in Nigeria – A Perspective by Moji|url=https://www.globalnewsnig.com/article/urgent-need-for-professionals-like-funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo-in-nigeria-a-perspective-by-moji-danisa/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=globalnewsnig.com}}</ref> == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == * Funmi Ayinke meriri ugboro abụọ West Africa Gospel Music Awards na 2021 maka Best Inspirational Song of the Year na Best Songwriter of the year maka 2020/2021, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Funmi Ayinke Bags Gospel Music Awards|url=https://factualtimesng.com/funmi-ayinke-bags-gospel-music-awards/|accessdate=19 March 2021|work=factualtimesng.com|date=19 March 2021|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319113535/https://factualtimesng.com/funmi-ayinke-bags-gospel-music-awards/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wee merie City People Magazine Awards maka Best Motivational song of the Year and Songwriter the Year. <ref>{{Cite web|title=FUNMI AYINKE WAHEED ADEKOJO ON HER FORAY INTO MUSIC|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo-on-her-foray-into-music/|accessdate=21 April 2021|work=citypeopleonline.com|date=21 April 2021}}</ref> * <ref>{{Cite web|title=FUNMIAYINKE WAHEED ADEKOJO BAGS NELSON MANDELA AWARD FOR LEADERSHIP AND INTEGRITY|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/funmiayinke-waheed-adekojo-bags-nelson-mandela-award-for-leadership-and-integrity/|accessdate=30 April 2021|work=citypeopleonline.com|date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CITY PEOPLE HONOURS ENGR. FUNMI AYINKE ADEKOJO|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-honours-engr-funmi-ayinke-adekojo/|accessdate=20 July 2020|work=citypeopleonline.com|date=20 July 2020}}</ref> nyere ya onyinye "Humanitarian of the Year 2020" site na City People. * Ayinke ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya Nord Automobiles <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nord names brand ambassador, gifts car|url=https://businessday.ng/transport/article/nord-names-brand-ambassador-gifts-car/|accessdate=29 March 2022|work=businessday.ng|date=29 March 2022}}</ref> 2022. * Funmi Ayinke na-etinye aka na nhọpụta Peace Corps dị ka onye nnọchi anya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Engr. Funmi Ayinke bags Peace Corps ambassadorial appointment|url=https://ayokinews.com/funmilayo-ayinke-bags-peace-corps-ambassadorial-appointment/|accessdate=10 July 2022|work=ayokinews.com|date=9 July 2022|archivedate=16 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716144148/https://ayokinews.com/funmilayo-ayinke-bags-peace-corps-ambassadorial-appointment/}}</ref> * <ref>{{Cite web|title=Re-engineering Life via mechanics and music: The FunmiAyinke model|url=https://dailytimesng.com/re-engineering-life-via-mechanics-and-music-the-funmiayinke-model/|accessdate=2022-07-29|work=dailytimesng.com|date=29 July 2022}}</ref>-engineering Ndụ site na injinia na egwu [1] * Funmi Ayinke setịpụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Funmi Ayinke set to release EP|url=https://punchng.com/funmi-ayinke-set-to-release-ep/|accessdate=2022-07-31|work=punchng.com|date=30 July 2022}}</ref> [1] * Onyinye maka idu ndú zuru ụwa ọnụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Engr Funmi Ayinke bags leadership award in London|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/05/nigerian-engr-funmi-ayinke-bags-leadership-award-in-london/|accessdate=2023-05-19|work=vanguardngr.com}}</ref> ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, [[London]], 2023 [1] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Dr. Funmi Ayinke meriri 'Emerging CEO Of The Year' Award Na London * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Funmi Ayinke to be honored at Golden Stars Award|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/funmi-ayinke-to-be-honored-at-golden-stars-award/|accessdate=2023-06-18|work=vanguardngr.com}}</ref>. Funmilayo Waheed-Adekojo Shines na Golden Star Award 2023 [1] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Engr. Dr. Funmi Ayinke Shines At APPON Annual Conference, Becomes Life Matron|url=https://saharaweeklyng.com/engr-dr-funmi-ayinke-shines-at-appon-annual-conference-becomes-life-matron/|accessdate=2023-06-09|work=saharaweeklyng.com|archivedate=2023-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720215708/https://saharaweeklyng.com/engr-dr-funmi-ayinke-shines-at-appon-annual-conference-becomes-life-matron/}}</ref>. Funmilayo Waheed-Adekojo nyere dị ka Matron nke APPON [1] == Ndụ onwe onye == Funmi Ayinke lụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=A Billionaire at 38: Meet Africa's Best Rated Engineer, Funmi Ayinke Waheed Adekojo|url=https://www.theelitesng.com/a-billionaire-at-38-meet-africas-best-rated-engineer-funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo/|accessdate=15 September 2021|work=theelitesng.com|date=15 September 2021}}</ref> ma nwee ụmụ anọ. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == Onye ọrụ Funmi AyinkenaInstagram {{DEFAULTSORT:Ayinke, Funmi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5h7n6gau76j5fg7gtiugbke9cz5n345 0 34201 727906 188050 2026-09-25T11:21:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Faridah Seriki''', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/14180-lagosian-faridah-seriki-nominated-grammy|title=Lagosian, Faridah Seriki Nominated For Grammy {{!}} Silverbird Television|work=silverbirdtv.com|date=7 December 2016|language=en|accessdate=31 July 2017|archivedate=1 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801032608/http://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/14180-lagosian-faridah-seriki-nominated-grammy}}</ref> nke a maara dịka Kah-Lo bụ onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-ede egwú na Naijiria, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jammer Gives 'Rinse and Repeat' The Murkle Man Spin! {{!}} MTV UK|url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/the-wrap-up/news/jammer-gives-rinse-and-repeat-the-murkle-man-spin|accessdate=2016-03-13|work=www.mtv.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224213239/http://www.mtv.co.uk/the-wrap-up/news/jammer-gives-rinse-and-repeat-the-murkle-man-spin|archive-date=2016-02-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> nke a maara nke ọma maka egwu ya 'Fasta' na maka ọrụ ya na 'Rinse and Repeat' na British DJ, Riton . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/kah-lo|title=Grammy|date=23 November 2020}}</ref> họpụtara egwu ahụ maka Best Dance Recording na 59th Grammy Awards. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2017/04/12/money-video--riton-mr-eazi-kah-loh-davido|title=Watch Mr Eazi, Kah-Lo, And Davido Party In Lagos For Riton's "Money" Video|work=The FADER|accessdate=2017-07-31}}</ref> na Riton ewepụtala 'Betta Riddim', 'Money' ft. [[Mr Eazi|Maazị Eazi]] na [[Davido]], [1] na Triple J na-akụ 'Fake ID' na 'Ginger'. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Listen to my debut single, Fasta!|url=https://twitter.com/thatKahLo/status/895911259413123072|work=Twitter|accessdate=10 October 2017}}</ref> wepụtara egwu izizi ya bụ Fasta n'ụbọchị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC RADIO 1 Hottest Record in the World|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/playlists/zzzz48|work=BBC|accessdate=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009084546/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/playlists/zzzz48|archive-date=9 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> họọrọ abụ ahụ dị ka BBC Radio 1 DJ Annie Mac's hottest record in the world on 22 August 2017. [1] E wepụtara abọm ya "Foreign Ororo" na Riton na 5 Ọktoba 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Get To Know Kah-lo The Grammy Nominated Nigerian Mc|url=https://mixmag.net/feature/get-to-know-kah-lo-the-grammy-nominated-nigerian-mc/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Seriki ma zụlite ya na Lagos, Naịjirịa, ebe ọ gara [[Vivian Fowler Memorial College for Girls|Vivian Fowler Memorial College]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2018-01-24|title=Nigeria’s Kah-Lo talks Grammy Nomination, Growing up in Lagos in new Interview|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/01/kah-lo-talks-grammy-lagos/|accessdate=2021-12-14|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="mixmag">{{Cite web|title=Get to know Kah-Lo, the Grammy-nominated Nigerian MC|url=https://mixmag.net/feature/get-to-know-kah-lo-the-grammy-nominated-nigerian-mc|accessdate=2021-08-26|work=Mixmag}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-09|title=Meet Kah-Lo, the Grammy-Nominated Nigerian Singer You Haven't Heard of|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/kah-lo-grammy-rinse-and-repeat/|accessdate=2021-12-14|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Alumna Nominated for Grammy|url=https://news.hofstra.edu/2016/12/06/alumna-nominated-for-grammy/|accessdate=2021-12-14|language=en-US}}</ref>'afọ 2009 ọ kwagara New York ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Hofstra n'afọ 2013 wee rụọ ọrụ ahịa n'ebe ahụ. Site <ref name="gal-dem">{{Cite web|date=2018-02-27|title=Why Kah-Lo doesn't want to be branded by her Nigerian heritage|url=https://gal-dem.com/kah-lo-nigerian-heritage/|accessdate=2021-08-26|work=gal-dem|archivedate=2021-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129084402/https://gal-dem.com/kah-lo-nigerian-heritage/}}</ref> Soundcloud na Twitter ọ malitere iso Riton rụkọọ ọrụ, malite ọrụ egwu ya. == Nkọwapụta == <ref>{{Cite web|title=Artists|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/297188d1-2644-4ec3-968c-590e103e50ba}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kah-lo Grammy Rinse and Repeat|date=9 January 2017|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/kah-lo-grammy-rinse-and-repeat/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kah-lo New Album Interview|url=https://fizzymag.com/articles/kah-lo-new-album-interview}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Singer Kah-lo Opens Up About Growing Up In Lagos Her Grammy Nomination And More Interview/|url=https://earmilk.com/2018/01/14/nigerian-singer-kahl-lo-opens-up-about-growing-up-in-lagos-her-grammy-nomination-and-more-interview/|work=www.earmilk.com|date=14 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Get To Know Kah-lo|url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/article/get-know-kah-lo|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2019-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729030108/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/article/get-know-kah-lo}}</ref> === Abọm === * Riton: Foreign Ororo (2018) * Ihe mgbu/Obi ụtọ (2023) === Egwuregwu ndị gbasaa === * ''Ọbịbịa ya''(2021) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Monroe|first=Tommy|date=17 June 2021|title=Kah-Lo releases fiery debut EP, ''The Arrival''|url=https://edm.com/music-releases/kah-lo-the-arrival-ep|accessdate=29 July 2021|work=EDM.com}}</ref> === Ndị na-alụbeghị di === * Riton: "Fasta" (2017) * "Ihe ịrịba ama ọpụpụ" (2019) * "Drag Me Out" (2022) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/drag-me-out-single/1612496945|title=Drag Me Out - Single by Kah-Lo on Apple Music|work=Apple Music|accessdate=2022-04-26}}</ref> === Ihe ndị e ji mara ya === * Riton: "Rinse & Repeat" (2016) * Riton: "Betta Riddim" (2016) * Riton: "Ide adịgboroja" (2017) * Riton: "Ginger" (2018) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kah-lo Interview|url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/kah-lo-interview/|work=www.highsnobiety.com|date=21 May 2018}}</ref> * Riton: "Up & Down" (2018) * Michael Brun: "Spice" (2018) * Riton, [[Mr Eazi|Maazị Eazi]]: "Ịkọrọ Mmetụta" (2018) * Riton: "Bad Boy" (2018) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kah-lo Riton Roreign Ororo Bad boy|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/kah-lo-riton-foreign-ororo-bad-boy-746652/|work=www.rollingstone.com|date=25 October 2018}}</ref> * [[Idris Elba]]: "Ballie" (2019) * Diplo, Blond:ish: "Nye Dem" (2019) * Perto: "Ọ dị njọ ma eleghị anya" (2019) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kah-Lo Teams Up With Australian Producer Perto For 'Bad Maybe Good'|url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/music/kah-lo-teams-australian-producer-perto-catchy-new-single-bad-maybe-good/|work=konbini.com|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811201610/https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/music/kah-lo-teams-australian-producer-perto-catchy-new-single-bad-maybe-good/}}</ref> * The Knocks: "Awa Ni" (2019) * Michael Brun: "Melanin" (2020) * Billen Ted: "Mmetụta Ọkụ" (2023) N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2023, Kah-Lo kwupụtara ntọhapụ nke abọm izizi ya, 'ihe mgbu / obi ụtọ.', na Septemba 8, 2023. E bu ụzọ wepụta 'GD Woman', 'Karma' na 'fund$' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Berry|first=Alex|date=July 10, 2023|title=Kah-Lo Announces Debut Album ‘pain/pleasure’|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/kah-lo-announces-debut-album-pain-pleasure/|accessdate=July 29, 2023|work=ClashMusic}}</ref> == Onyinye na nhọpụta == === Ihe nrite Grammy === {| class="wikitable" ! align="center" width="4%" |Afọ ! width="47%" |Ụdị ! width="40%" |Onye na-ese ihe / ọrụ a họpụtara ! width="9%" |Nsonaazụ |- |2017 |Nchịkọta Egwú Kasị Mma |"Rinse & Repeat" <small> (nke Riton gosipụtara) </small> | {{Nom}} |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] l7y5npcfibrsvjuimxqwnma4fsn6r8k 0 34594 727794 539372 2026-09-25T02:32:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727794 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Energy Catalyzer''' (also called '''E-Cat''') is a claimed cold fusion reactor<ref name="zyga">{{Cite news|author=Zyga, Lisa|date=2011-08-11|url=http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-08-controversial-energy-generating-lacking-credibility-video.html|title=Controversial energy-generating system lacking credibility (w/ video)|work=[[PhysOrg]]}}</ref> devised by inventor Andrea Rossi with support from the late physicist Sergio Focardi.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[PhysOrg]]|url=http://phys.org/news/2011-01-italian-scientists-cold-fusion-video.html|title=Italian Scientists claim to have demonstrated cold fusion.|quote=Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi of the University of Bologna announced that they developed a cold fusion device|author=Lisa Zyga|date=2011-01-20}}</ref> An Italian patent, which received a formal but not a technical examination, describes the apparatus as a "process and equipment to obtain exothermal reactions, in particular from nickel and hydrogen".<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Italian Office for Patents and Trademarks|url=http://www.uibm.gov.it/uibm/dati/Avanzata.aspx?load=info_list_uno&id=1610895&table=Invention&#ancoraSearch|title=processo ed apparecchiatura per ottenere reazioni esotermiche, in particolare da nickel ed idrogeno.|quote=Patent Number 0001387256, Deposited 9 April 2008, Issued 6 April 2011, Inventor: Andrea Rossi|accessdate=9 December 2023|archivedate=3 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203000417/http://www.uibm.gov.it/uibm/dati/Avanzata.aspx?load=info_list_uno&id=1610895&table=Invention&#ancoraSearch}}.</ref> Rossi and Focardi said the device worked by infusing heated hydrogen into nickel powder, transmuting it into copper and producing excess heat.<ref name="deotto">{{Cite news|author=Deotto, Fabio|date=19 January 2011|title=Fusione fredda realizzata a Bologna. Sarà vero?|language=it|url=http://daily.wired.it/news/scienza/fusione-fredda-bologna.html|publisher=Daily Wired}}</ref> An international patent application <ref name="patent_app">Patent application {{cite patent |country=WO |number=2009125444 |title=Method and Apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exothermal reactions |inventor=Andrea Rossi |pubdate= 2009-10-15 }}.</ref> received an unfavorable international preliminary report on patentability in 2011 because it was adjudged to "offend against the generally accepted laws of physics and established theories". Ngwaọrụ ahụ abụrụla ihe ngosi na nnwale ọtụtụ oge, ndị ọkachamara dị iche iche na ndị ọzọ kwuru maka ya. Ọ nweghị ule onwe onye emerela, ọ nweghịkwa nyocha ngwaọrụ nke ndị ọgbọ ebipụtala. Steve Featherstone dere na Science Popular na ka ọ na-erule n'oge okpomọkụ nke 2012 Rossi "nkwupụta na-enweghị isi" maka E-Cat yiri ka ọ bụ nke ọma. <ref name="popsci2012">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-10/andrea-rossis-black-box|title=Andrea Rossi's Black box infinite energy: a lone Italian inventor says he has built a machine that can power the world. Could the answer to humanity's energy troubles be so simple?|first=Steve|author=Featherstone|journal=[[Popular Science]]|volume=281|issue=5|year=2012}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == Ndị ọbị a kpọrọ òkù gara ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe na Bologna n'afọ 2011. A chọpụtabeghị ngwaọrụ ahụ n'onwe ya. <ref name="zyga"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.discovery.com/tech/cold-fusion-claims-resurface.html|title=Cold fusion: Cold Fusion Claims Resurface|author=Benjamin Radford|date=21 January 2011|publisher=Discovery.com|accessdate=21 May 2011|archivedate=9 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509220411/http://news.discovery.com/tech/cold-fusion-claims-resurface.html}}</ref> ngosipụta nke Jenụwarị, onye nyocha nke Discovery Channel Benjamin Radford dere na "Ọ bụrụ na nke a niile na-ada ụda nye gị, ọ kwesịrị," nakwa na "N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, njikọta oyi yiri nke igwe na-agagharị agagharị. Ụkpụrụ ndị ahụ na-emegide iwu nke physics, mana nke ahụ anaghị egbochi ndị mmadụ na-azọrọ mgbe ụfọdụ na ha mepụtara ma ọ bụ chọpụta otu. " [1] Dị ka Phys.org si kwuo (11 Ọgọst 2011), ngosipụta ndị e mere site na Jenụwarụ ruo Eprel 2011 nwere ọtụtụ ntụpọ nke mebiri ntụkwasị obi ha ma Rossi jụrụ ime ule nke nwere ike ịnwale ya. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Mahadum Bologna agawo ụfọdụ ihe ngosi E-Cat, mana naanị dịka ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri. Na 5 November 2011, Mahadum Bologna mere ka o doo anya na ndị na-eme nchọpụta ya etinyeghị aka na ihe ngosi ahụ nakwa na ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị ahụ mere na mahadum. Rossi abanyela na mahadum ahụ nkwekọrịta, mana nkwekọrịta ahụ kwụsịrị, ọ dịghịkwa nnyocha e mere n'ihi na Rossi akwụghị ụgwọ mbụ. <ref>[http://www.magazine.unibo.it/Magazine/Universita/2012/01/26/E-cat_dichiarazione_del_Dipartimento_di_Fisica.htm E-cat: dichiarazione del Dipartimento di Fisica], 26 January 2012, University of Bologna.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.magazine.unibo.it/Magazine/Notizie/2012/08/27/E-cat_non_ci_sono_misure_in_atto.htm|date=2012-08-27|title=E-cat: non-ci sono misure in atto|publisher=Università di Bologna}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mackinson, Thomas|date=2011-11-09|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2011/11/09/fusione-fredda-fatta-casa-bufala-rivoluzione/169534/|title=Fusione fredda fatta in casa Grande scoperta o grande bufala?|publisher=[[Il Fatto Quotidiano]]|quote="The University of Bologna&nbsp;– the notice states&nbsp;– is not involved on E-Cat experiments conducted by Leonardo Corp.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.magazine.unibo.it/Magazine/Notizie/2011/11/05/Lecat_lUnivesita_di_Bologna_non_e_coinvolta.htm|title=E-cat: l'Università di Bologna non è coinvolta|language=it|publisher=UNIBO Magazine. University of Bologna|date=2011-11-05}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2011, a nwalere otu ahụ ma kwuo na ọ ga-ewepụta 2,635 kWh n'ime awa ise na ọkara nke ọnọdụ onwe ya, nkezi ike nke 479 kilowatts - ihe na-erughị ọkara nke ike e kwere nkwa nke otu megawatt. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Zreick, Irene|date=2011-11-15|url=http://www.focus.it/scienza/scienze/e-cat-chi-e-il-misterioso-cliente-di-andrea-rossi|title=Fusione fredda: a chi fa gola l'E-Cat?|language=it|work=[[Focus (Italian magazine)|Focus]].}} Retrieved 18 November 2011. "Il cliente era rappresentato da Domenico Fioravanti, ingegnere, colonnello del Genio in pensione, che pare abbia scelto personalmente che cosa controllare, e come, durante il test. In conferenza Fioravanti affiancava Rossi, ma non-c'è stato modo di strappare neppure un indizio sull'identità dell'azienda rappresentata."<br /><br /> TRANSLATION: "The customer was represented by Domenico Fioravanti, engineer, retired colonel of the military engineering, who seemed to choose personally what to control, and how, during the test. In the course of the [press] conference Fioravanti was side by side with Rossi, but even a single hint concerning the identity of the represented company was impossible to get."</ref> naghị ekwe ka ndị na-ekiri ihe na-eme n'onwe ha kirie ihe ndị ahụ ma ọ bụ mee nke ha, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nọgidekwara na-ejikọta ya na ike n'oge ule ahụ iji nye ndị na-akwado ya na pọmpụ mmiri ike. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Brandon, John.|url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/11/02/andrea-rossi-italian-cold-fusion-plant/|title=Cold Fusion Experiment: Major Success or Complex Hoax?|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=2011-11-02|access-date=2023-12-09|archive-date=2015-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320023009/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/11/02/andrea-rossi-italian-cold-fusion-plant/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ya na Rossi rụchara ọrụ, Sergio Focardi kwubiri na mmeghachi omume nuklia na-eme n'ime Energy Catalyzer. Focardi na-ekwu na usoro nuklia na-enyere aka site na mgbakwunye nzuzo, nke naanị Rossi maara ọ bụghị ya. ka Focardi si kwuo, usoro ahụ ga-adị obere na-enweghị mgbakwunye a. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4212428/Italian-scientists-claim-cold-fusion-success|title=Italian scientists claim cold fusion success|work=EE Times|author=Clarke, Peter|date=2011-01-24}}</ref> na-akọ na Rossi na Focardi enweghị ike ịchọta akwụkwọ sayensị a na-enyocha ndị ọgbọ nke ga-ebipụta akwụkwọ ha na-akọwa etu ha si ekwu na Energy Catalyzer na-arụ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Focardi, S|date=2010-02-28|url=http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=66|title=A new energy source from nuclear fusion|publisher=Journal of Nuclear Physics (blog)}} Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref> <ref name="discovery-propulsion-JNP_is_SPS">{{Cite web|url=http://news.discovery.com/space/could-interstellar-starships-use-cold-fusion-propulsion-111223.html|quote=Journal of Nuclear Physics, which is Andrea Rossi's own private journal.|title=Could starships use cold fusion propulsion?|author=Jennifer Ouellette|year=2011|accessdate=2023-12-09|archivedate=2012-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107185538/http://news.discovery.com/space/could-interstellar-starships-use-cold-fusion-propulsion-111223.html}}</ref> pụtara naanị na blọọgụ Rossi bipụtara n'onwe ya, [1] Journal of Nuclear Physics. [2] N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, otu akwụkwọ ndị edemede ahụ na-enyochaghị dịka akụkọ Mee n'afọ 2013 kọwara nsonaazụ sitere na nyocha na Machị n'afọ 2014 nke mbipụta E-Cat nke na-agba ọsọ na okpomọkụ dị elu. N'adịghị ka ngosipụta ndị gara aga, a na-eme nnwale ahụ na ngwá ọrụ nlekota na n'ụlọ nyocha nke Rossi na-enyeghị, ma na-agba ya ogologo oge (ụbọchị 32). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elforsk.se/Global/Omv%C3%A4rld_system/filer/LuganoReportSubmit.pdf|author=Levi|first=G.|title=Observation of abundant heat production from a reactor device and of isotopic changes in the fuel|year=2014|accessdate=11 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031131404/http://www.elforsk.se/Global/Omv%C3%A4rld_system/filer/LuganoReportSubmit.pdf|archivedate=31 October 2014}} </ref> == Hụkwa == * Ike Ìhè Na-egbukepụ Egwu == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 7092hc72m7bczo0a1j9dy0wmbio1lmn 0 35408 727607 176707 2026-09-24T12:34:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727607 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Doug Anthony.jpg|thumb|Doug Anthony]] A mụrụ Anthony na Murwillumbah, New South Wales, nwa nke minista gọọmentị etiti Hubert Lawrence Anthony. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ónyé nnọchi anya ụlọ na ntuli aka nke afọ 1957, mgbè ọ dị afọ iri abụo na asaa, mgbè nna ya nwụsịrị na mberede. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ozi n'afọ 1964 ma na gọọmentị ndị jikọrọ aka n'ime afọ iri abụo sochirinụ o nwere ọfịs nke Minista na-ahụ màkà ime obodo (1964-1967), Ụlọ ọrụ mbụ (1967-1971), Azụmaahịa na Ụlọ Ọrụ (1971-1972), Azụba mba ọzọ (1975-1977), Akụba na Akụba (1977-1983). A họpụtara Anthony ka ọ bụrụ osote onye ndú nke Country Party na 1964 ma nọchie John McEwen dị ka ónyé ndú na osote praịm minista na 1971. Ọ lara ezumike nká na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ntuli aka afọ 1984. Nwa ya nwoke Larry Anthony ghọrọ ọgbọ nke atọ nke ezinụlọ ya ịbanye na ndị omeiwu etiti. == Oge ọ malitere == <ref name="ABC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/dynasties/txt/s1241115.htm|title=John Douglas Anthony (1929– )|date=14 December 2004|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|accessdate=22 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118132845/http://www.abc.net.au/dynasties/txt/s1241115.htm|archivedate=18 January 2010}}</ref> mụrụ Anthony na [[New South Wales]]">Murwillumbah n'ebe ugwu New South Wales, n'ubochi iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1929, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVd-DEqMMp4C&q=John+Douglas+Anthony+1929&pg=PA382|title=Politics in the Blood: The Anthonys of Richmond|first=Paul|author=Davey|publisher=UNSW Press|year=2008|isbn=9781921410239}}</ref> nwa Jessie Anthony (née Stirling) na Hubert Lawrence ("Larry") Anthony, ónyé ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama na Country Party. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131782861|title=A shrewd brain ticks behind the boyish grin|date=7 May 1969|page=17|work=The Canberra Times|first=Bruce|author=Juddery|authorlink=Bruce Juddery}}</ref> Anthony gụrụ akwụkwọ <ref name="ABC" /> Murwillumbah Primary School na Murwillombah High School, tupu ọ gaa The King's School na Sydney (1943-1946) na [[Queensland]]_Gatton_Campus" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Queensland Gatton Campus">Gatton College na Queensland. Mgbé ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ọrụ ugbo mmiri ara ehi na nso Murwillumbah. <ref name="ph">{{Cite web|title=Doug Anthony|publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]]|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/PersonDetail.asp?M=3&B=CP+55|work=Parliamentary Handbook|accessdate=24 January 2010|archivedate=6 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006074426/http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/PersonDetail.asp?M=3&B=CP+55}}</ref><ref name="ABC" />'afọ 1957 ọ lụrụ Margot Budd, ónyé ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ atọ: Dougald, Jane na Larry. [[Usòrò:DougAnthony1958.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Anthony obere oge ka a họpụtara ya, na 1958]] [[Usòrò:Sinclair,_Gorton_and_Anthony.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Anthony na John Gorton na Ian Sinclair na 2 February 1971.]] [[Usòrò:John_Douglas_Anthony.jpg|thumb|Anthony na [[Romania]] na 1976]] == Ịla ezumike nká na ọnwụ == Anthony nọgidere na nzuko omeiwu ihe na-erughị otu afọ tupu ọ laa ezumike nká na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ 1984. Ka ọ na-erule mgbè ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị iri ise na ise, ọ bụ Nna nke Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usyd.edu.au/senate/committees/advisoryJDAnthony.shtml|title=Honorary awards|date=14 November 2009|publisher=[[University of Sydney|The University of Sydney]]|accessdate=22 January 2010}}</ref> laghachiri n'ugbo ya dị nso na Murwillumbah ma ghara itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/dynasties/txt/s1241124.htm|title=Lawrence James Anthony (1961– )|date=14 December 2004|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=22 January 2010|archive-date=8 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108072827/http://www.abc.net.au/dynasties/txt/s1241124.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>'afọ 1996, Larry Anthony meriri oche ochie nke nna ya. [1] N'afọ 1994, Anthony pụtara n'usoro ihe omume banyéré Liberal Party nke ọ kpughere na McMahon jụrụ ịgwa ya tupu ụbọchị ntuli aka nke afọ 1972, n'agbanyeghị na Anthony bụ ónyé ndú nke Country Party. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000119165124/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s58590.htm Republic referendum a political campaign with few precedents], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]], 11 October 1999</ref>'afọ 1999, Anthony kwuru na ọ kwadoro Australia ịghọ mba. Anthony nwụrụ n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi na Murwillumbah, n'ubochi iri abụo n'ọnwa Disemba 2020, mgbè ọ dị afọ iri itoolu, ụbọchị 11 tupu afọ 91 ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7063188/ex-deputy-prime-minister-doug-anthony-dies/?cs=14264|title=Ex-deputy prime minister Doug Anthony dies|date=20 December 2020|publisher=The Canberra Times}}</ref> Ruo mgbè <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://australianpolitics.com/parliament/house/living-former-house-members-1949-1972|title=Living Former Members Of The House Of Representatives (1949-1972)|author=Malcolm Farnsworth|year=2020}}</ref> nwụrụ, ọ bụ ónyé mbụ a họpụtara dị ka ónyé omeiwu nke mba ahụ ka dị ndụ, [1] ya na onye osote ya na Ónyé nọchiri ya dị ka onye isi National Party, Ian Sinclair, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị minista abụọ ikpeazụ dị ndụ jere ozi na Gọọmentị Menzies na Ministri Holt Mbụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://australianpolitics.com/parliament/house/living-former-house-members-1949-1972|title=Living Former Members Of The House Of Representatives (1949-1972)|author=Malcolm Farnsworth|year=2020}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == N'afọ 1981, a họpụtara Anthony ka ọ bụrụ Onye otu Order of the Companions of Honour (CH). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anthony, John Douglas, Companion of Honour|publisher=It's an Honour|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1065989|accessdate=24 January 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Taylor|first=Alister|title=Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand|year=1994|publisher=New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa|location=Auckland|isbn=0-908578-34-2}}</ref>'afọ 1990, e nyere ya ihe nrite ncheta New Zealand 1990. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anthony, John Douglas, Companion of the Order of Australia|publisher=It's an Honour|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1043205|accessdate=24 January 2010}}</ref>'afọ 2003, e mèrè ya ónyé ibe nke Order of Australia (AC) màkà ije ozi na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Australia, màkà ịmepụta mmepe nke nkwekọrịta azụmahịa abụọ, ya na màkà idu ndú na nraranye na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike na mkpa mmepe nke ime obodo na mpaghara. [1] == Hụkwa == * Ezinụlọ Anthony * Doug Anthony All Stars == Ihe odide nkọwa == {{notelist}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} td80mcqwgcll5kbef95n4acc80del6m 0 36405 727807 721673 2026-09-25T03:37:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Databox}} Darwin's Nightmare bụ ihe nkiri akụkọ Austrian-French-Belgian nke afọ 2004 nke Hubert Sauper dere ma duzie, na-ekwu maka mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ gburugburu [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]] na [[Tanzania]]. Emere ya na 2004 Venice Film Festival, a họpụtakwara ya maka 2006 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature na 78th Academy Awards. <ref name="NY Times">{{Cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/315454/Darwin-s-Nightmare/details|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2009|title=NY Times: Darwin's Nightmare|accessdate=2008-11-23|archive-date=2009-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111093934/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/315454/Darwin-s-Nightmare/details|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Boston Globe kpọrọ <ref name="The Boston Globe">{{Cite news|first=Peter|author=Dizikes|url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/03/05/fish_guns_and_famine/|title=Fish, guns and famine|accessdate=2010-10-25|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=2006-03-05|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050923/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/03/05/fish_guns_and_famine/|url-status=dead}}</ref> "ihe ngosi kachasị mma n'afọ banyere ụwa anụmanụ". [1] == Nchịkọta == Ihe nkiri ahụ na-amalite site na ụgbọelu Ilyushin Il-76 nke Soviet na-ada n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Mwanza na Mwanza, [[Tanzania]], nso [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]]. Ụgbọelu ahụ si Europe bịa iji bughachi obere azụ nke perch Naịl, ụdị azụ a kpọbatara n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria nke kpatara mkpochapụ nke ọtụtụ narị ụdị dị iche iche. Site na mkparịta ụka ya na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu Russia na Ukraine, ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ndị nche, ndị akwụna, ndị ọkụ azụ na ndị obodo ndị ọzọ, ihe nkiri ahụ na-atụle mmetụta nke iwebata ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Naịl na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, otu o si metụta usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba nke mpaghara ahụ. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-ekwukwa ogologo oge na nkewa dị n'etiti enyemaka Europe nke a na-ebubata n'[[Afrịka]] n'otu aka, na mmụba na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke mgbọ na ngwá agha sitere n'aka ndị na-ere ngwá agha na Europe n'aka nke ọzọ. A na-ejikarị otu ụgbọelu na-ebugharị ngwá agha na mgbọ na-ebufe ihe ndị dị na Naịl na ndị na-azụ ahịa na Europe, na-enye ndị na-ese okwu nke e zigara enyemaka iji dozie. Dị ka Dima, onye injinia redio nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọelu ahụ, kwuru mgbe e mesịrị na fim ahụ: ụmụaka Angola na-enweta égbè maka Krismas, ụmụaka Europe na-enweta mkpụrụ vaịn. Ọnọdụ ndụ na ọrụ dị egwu nke ụmụ amaala, nke na-enweghị ihe dị ọcha na ọtụtụ ụmụaka na-etinye aka na ọgwụ ọjọọ na ịgba akwụna, na-ekpuchi n'ụzọ miri emi; n'ihi na a na-egbute osisi Naịl ma na-edozi ya maka mbupụ, a na-ere ihe niile dị mkpa na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa Europe, na-ahapụ ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ ka ha dịrị ndụ na ozu ndị na-agba ọsọ. Banyere ihe mere na enweghị ike ire azụ ahụ n'ahịa ụlọ iji gbochie ụnwụ nri na-abịanụ (akụkọ akụkọ obodo nke e gosipụtara na fim ahụ gosiri na Northern na Central Tanzania na-eche ụnwụ mmiri ihu), otu onye njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta azụ na-ekwu "ọ dị oke ọnụ". == Nnakwere == === Nzaghachi nkatọ === Darwin's Nightmare nwere nkwado nke 90% na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes, dabere na nyocha 52, na nkezi nke 7.56/10. Nkwekọrịta <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1159353-darwins_nightmare|title=Darwin's Nightmare}}</ref> oke egwu nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-ekwu, "Ihe ngosi a na-emeghe anya na-eweta ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/darwins-nightmare|title=Darwin's Nightmare}}</ref> nwekwara akara nke 84 n'ime 100 na Metacritic, dabere na ndị nkatọ 18, na-egosi "nkwanye ùgwù zuru ụwa ọnụ". === Onyinye === * 2004 Ajụjụ ọnụ Film Festival (Entre vues), Audience Award''Ihe nrite nke ndị na-ege ntị'' * 2004 European Film Award maka Best Documentary''Ihe nkiri kacha mma'' * 2004 Vienna International Film Festival, Vienna Film Award''Ihe nrite Vienna Film'' * 2005 Thessaloniki Documentary Festival, Audience Award''Ihe nrite nke ndị na-ege ntị'' * 2005 [[Premiers Plans|Angers European First Film Festival]], European Jury Award''Ihe nrite ndị ọka ikpe Europe'' * 2005 Mexico City International Contemporary Film Festival, Audience Award''Ihe nrite nke ndị na-ege ntị'' * 2005 Sydney Film Festival, FIPRESCI Prize''Ihe nrite FIPRESCI'' * 2005 Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival, Special Jury Prize na Community Cinema Award''Ihe nrite Cinema Obodo'' * 2006 César Award maka Best First Feature Film * 2006 Academy Awards Best Documentary Feature nominated == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060419142611/http://www.darwinsnightmare.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] E debere Wayback Machine * {{IMDb title|id=0424024|title=Darwin's Nightmare}} * Ihe Ọjọọ DarwinnaAllMovie * Les ambiguïtés du Cauchemar de Darwin (n'asụsụ French) - The ambiguity of Darwin's Nightmare article at ''Africultures.net'' * Révélations et impasses d'une approche radicale de la mondialisation (na French) - Akwụkwọ nke Frédéric Giraut na ''EspacesTemps.net'' nke na-enyocha mmasị sayensị nke ihe nkiri ahụ na akwụkwọ nkatọ nke François Garçon lg63u7xl132q3f1yb82kvrgfmp9qaf9 0 36501 727872 151487 2026-09-25T08:23:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  African Jim, nke a makwaara dị ka Jim Comes to Jo'burg, bụ ihe nkiri South Africa nke afọ 1949, nke Donald Swanson duziri ma Eric Rutherford mepụtara. na-egosi Daniel Adnewmah, onye na-agụ egwu Jazz na South Africa [[Dolly Rathebe]], The African Inkspots, Sam Maile, na Dan Twala. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=126|title=SOUTH AFRICAN MUSIC|work=www.music.org.za|accessdate=2018-09-12|archive-date=2018-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912131247/http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=126|url-status=dead}}</ref> bụ ihe a ma ama dị ka ihe nkiri mbụ nke Republic of South Africa. [1] <ref>{{Cite book|author=Gugler|first=Josef|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvpfLS1RC6YC&dq=warrior+films.south+africa&pg=PA79|title=African Film: Re-Imagining a Continent|date=2003|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21643-4|language=en}}</ref> bụ Warrior Films mepụtara ya. == Nkọwa nke ihe omuma == Jim (Daniel Adnewmah) hapụrụ ala nna ya iji chọọ akụ ya n'obodo Johannesburg. Ozugbo o rutere, ndị omempụ atọ wakporo ya. Mgbe Jim matara onwe ya, onye nche abalị nwere enyi aha ya bụ Charlie (Dan Twala) lekọtara ya ma nyere ya aka ịchọta ọrụ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, a chụrụ Jim n'ọrụ, mana site n'enyemaka nke nwa nwanyị onye nche ahụ, Julie ([[Dolly Rathebe]]), ọ nwetara ọrụ na klọb abalị dị ka onye na-ere nri. Mgbe a chọpụtara na Jim nwere nkà maka ịbụ abụ, a na-enye ya ohere iso Julie bụrụ abụ n'elu ikpo okwu, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ nwanyị kpakpando nke klọb ahụ. Obere oge tupu mbido ya, ọ matara ndị omempụ wakporo ya ma nụ ka ha na-akpa nkata izu ohi. Jim <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jim Comes to Jo'burg - ESAT|url=https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Jim_Comes_to_Jo%27burg|accessdate=2023-04-04|work=esat.sun.ac.za}}</ref>-ekpebi otu esi akwụsị mpụ ahụ ma ka nọrọ n'oge iji mee ya. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Daniel Adnewmah dị ka Jim<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daniel Adnewmah|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0012411/|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=IMDb}}</ref> * <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=|date=|title=Gauteng Film History|url=http://www.gautengfilm.org.za/gauteng-film-history|accessdate=2015-05-05|publisher=|archivedate=2015-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414020122/http://www.gautengfilm.org.za/gauteng-film-history}}</ref> [[Dolly Rathebe|Rathebe]] dị ka Julie [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dolly Rathebe|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0711706/|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=IMDb}}</ref> * Dan Twala <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dan Twala|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm6057696/|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=IMDb}}</ref> ka Charlie[1] * Samuel Maile <ref>{{Cite web|title=Samuel Maile|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5777590/|accessdate=2023-04-04|work=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> ka onye na-akpọ piano na klọb [1] * Zacks Nkosi dị ka Principal Alto Saxophonist na klọb == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * "African Jim (1949) ", IMDb. j3rdvsr7mf8iwosbyio1dw0xtr7ukvr 0 36541 727889 213829 2026-09-25T09:53:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727889 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Jonathan Liebesman</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Jonathan_Liebesman_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Liebesman na [[San Diego Comic-Con]] na July 2010</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" |<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1976-09-15</span>) </span>15 Septemba 1976 (afọ 47) <br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Johannesburg]], South Africa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọrụ | class="infobox-data role" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><div class="hlist"> * Onye nduzi ihe nkiri * Onye edemede </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Afọ ndị ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |2000-dị ugbu a |} '''Jonathan Liebesman''' (amụrụ na 15 Septemba 1976) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri na onye edemede South Africa. A maara ya maka iduzi ihe nkiri Darkness Falls (2003), The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2008), Battle: Los Angeles (2011), Wrath of the Titans (2012), na Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014). == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Liebesman na Johannesburg, South Africa. Ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na AFDA, The South African School of Motion Picture Medium na Live Performance na NYU's Tisch School of the Arts. Ọ bụ onye Juu. Nwa nwanne nne ya bụ onye nduzi Dean Israelite . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2014/07/comic-con-2014-teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-3d-reboot-vs-low-tech-project-almanac-191382/|title=Comic-Con 2014: 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' 3D Reboot vs. Low-Tech 'Project Almanac' - IndieWire|first=Bill Desowitz, Anne|author=Thompson|work=Indiewire.com|date=26 July 2014|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> Na Tisch, o so dee ma duzie ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke nkeji asatọ, ''[[Jenesis na Ọdachi: Ezi Akụkọ|Jenesis na Ọdachi]]'', nke sitere na akụkọ mkpirikpa Roald Dahl. E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ọtụtụ ememme gburugburu ụwa, na 2000 meriri ihe nrite na ngalaba nke 'nke kacha mma' na Austin Film Festival. Nke a mere ka Liebesman nweta "Hollywood Young Filmmaker Award" na Hollywood Film Festival na 2000. N'afọ 2002, ọ duziri ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Darkness Falls mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na isii. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe nkiri ahụ tara ahụhụ site na nyocha na-adịghị ike, ọ meghere na No. 1 na ụlọ ọrụ US. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=darknessfalls.htm|title=Darkness Falls (2003) - Weekend Box Office Results - Box Office Mojo|work=Boxofficemojo.com|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị $ 32.5 nde na ụlọ ọrụ US, na $ 15 nde ọzọ n'ụwa niile. A họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka Best Horror / Thriller na Teen Choice Awards na 2003, ebe kpakpando ihe nkiri ahụ, Emma Caulfield, meriri Face of the Future site na Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films n'afọ ahụ. Ọrụ ọzọ Liebesman, Rings (2005) (nke ya na Ehren Kruger dere), bụ obere nkeji iri na asaa nke na-agbaso ihe omume nke ihe nkiri zuru ezu, The Ring, ma na-eje ozi dị ka ihe na-esote The Ring Two (2005). O nyere mgbanwe nghọta n'etiti ihe nkiri abụọ ahụ ma nweta otuto dị elu site n'aka ndị na-akwado ihe nkiri abụọ dị ogologo.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ihe ịga nke ọma nke ihe nkiri ahụ mere ka Michael Bay na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya, Platinum Dunes, mara ya, bụ ndị were ya n'ọrụ iduzi The Texas Chainsaw Massacre prequel nke akpọrọ The Texas Chaintaw Massacre: The Beginning . The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning meghere na ụlọ ihe nkiri US na 6 Ọktoba 2006, ma gosipụta ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ maka Liebesman. Ihe nkiri $ 16 nde meghere na No 2 na ụlọ ọrụ US na $ 18.5 nde. Ka ọ na-erule 31 Disemba 2006, ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala ihe dị ka nde $ 50 n'ụwa niile, gụnyere ihe karịrị nde $ 39.5 na US. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Borys Kit|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3ib4d95be28520da0db0f10edad41c0123|title=Nispel scores a date with next 'Friday'|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=14 November 2007|accessdate=14 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122145427/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3ib4d95be28520da0db0f10edad41c0123|archive-date=22 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>'afọ 2007, a mara ọkwa na Liebesman ga-abụ onye nduzi nke Friday the 13th reboot mana site na Nọvemba 2007, Marcus Nispel, onye nduzi The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake nke 2003, nọchiri Liebesman. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117938669?categoryid=1959&cs=1&query=friday+the+13th&display=friday+the+13th|title=Helmer makes plans for 'Friday' - Entertainment News, New Line Cinema, Media - Variety|accessdate=2006-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017195858/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117938669?categoryid=1959&cs=1&query=friday+the+13th&display=friday+the+13th|archivedate=17 October 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, Liebesman mechara duzie ihe nkiri ya nke atọ, The Killing Room, ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-akpali akpali nke Chloë Sevigny, Nick Cannon, Timothy Hutton na Peter Stormare, banyere mmadụ anọ na nyocha nke uche ndị chọpụtara na ha bụ ndị a na-enyo enyo na mmemme gọọmentị siri ike na nke nzuzo. Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2009/01/18/sundance-we-review-nick-cannons-the-killing-room|title=Lucio Fulci's CAT IN THE BRAIN Coming To DVD 31 March!|author=Larry Carroll|work=Moviesblog.mtv.com|accessdate=17 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127020809/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2009/01/18/sundance-we-review-nick-cannons-the-killing-room|archivedate=27 January 2009}}</ref> mmemme na-abụghị asọmpi na Sundance Festival na Jenụwarị 2009. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2008, Columbia Pictures mara ọkwa na Liebesman ga-eduzi Ihe nkiri akụkọ sayensị Battle: Los Angeles . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/38657/san-diego-comic-con-2010-early-art-battle-los-angeles|title=San Diego Comic-Con 2010: Early Art – Battle: Los Angeles|work=Dreadcentral.com|date=19 October 2012|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> nkiri $ 70 nde - nke dabeere na akụkọ Chris Bertolini dere - na-agba gburugburu otu ndị agha mmiri zutere n'agha megide mwakpo ndị mba ọzọ n'okporo ámá Los Angeles. Ihe nkiri ahụ meghere <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=battlelosangeles.htm|title=Battle: Los Angeles|work=Boxofficemojo.com|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> 1 na ụlọ ọrụ US na 11 Machị 2011, ma nweta ihe karịrị $ 80 nde na ụlọ ọrụ United States, na ihe karịrị $ 200 nde n'ụwa niile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmjunk.com/2009/04/27/jonathan-liebesman-to-direct-odysseus|title=Jonathan Liebesman to Direct Odysseus|work=Filmjunk.com|accessdate=17 November 2017|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143003/http://filmjunk.com/2009/04/27/jonathan-liebesman-to-direct-odysseus/}}</ref> mbido afọ 2009, a mara ọkwa na e kenyere Liebesman iduzi ihe nkiri ọhụrụ nke Warner Bros. akpọrọ ''Odysseus'', epic dabeere na Odyssey nke Homer. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2010/06/clash-of-the-titans-2-worthington-jonathan-liebesman.html|title=Hollywood girds for another Clash|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=10 June 2010}}</ref> June 2010, a kpọrọ Liebesman dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe na-esote Clash of the Titans, nke akpọrọ Wrath of the Titants, nke Sam Worthington, Ralph Fiennes, na Liam Neeson gosipụtara. Isi foto malitere na 23 Machị 2011, na ihe nkiri na-ewere ọnọdụ n'oge ọkọchị 2011 na ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị [[London]] na ebe dị na Surrey, South Wales na Canary Islands na agwaetiti Tenerife. E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na 30 Machị 2012. Dị ka onye bu ya ụzọ, ndị nkatọ na atụmatụ maka ihe ọzọ, Revenge of the Titans adaghị na ala.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2011, a mara ọkwa na Warner Bros. na Liebesman ga-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ihe nkiri na-abịanụ banyere Julius Caesar. <ref>{{Cite web|author=White|first=James|title=Jonathan Liebesman Hails Caesar|url=https://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=31466|work=Empireonline.com|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-wrath-titans-director-290554|title='Wrath of the Titans' Director Takes on 'Ninja Turtles'|author=Kroll|first=Justin|date=14 February 2012|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=13 March 2012}}</ref>'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2012, a kpọbatara Liebesman ka ọ duzie Ihe nkiri Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Teenage Mutante Ninja Tortles, na-eti Brett Ratner na ndị ọzọ. Filming malitere na Machị 2013 na Tupper Lake, [[Nú Yọk|New York]]. Mmepụta maka ihe nkiri ahụ mechiri <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hypable.com/2014/03/27/teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-trailer/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2014-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330044428/http://www.hypable.com/2014/03/27/teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-trailer/|archivedate=30 March 2014}}</ref> 3 Ọgọst 2013, a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ n'ọnwa Ọgọust 2014. [1] Ihe nkiri ahụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọfịs, mana ọ nwetara nyocha ọjọọ site n'aka ndị nkatọ na ndị na-akwado TMNT.   A họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka Golden Raspberry Awards ise na 2015 gụnyere Onye nduzi kacha njọ, ebe onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, Megan Fox, meriri onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kachasị njọ. <ref name="reshoots">{{Cite web|accessdate=15 April 2019|title='Ninja Turtles' Director Jonathan Liebesman Tackling 'Doctor Dolittle' Reshoots (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ninja-turtles-director-tackling-doctor-dolittle-reshoots-1201707|author=Borys Kit|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=15 April 2019}}</ref>'ọnwa Eprel 2019, Liebesman lekọtara ihe nkiri ''Dolittle'' (2020) n'akụkụ onye edemede Chris McKay na onye nduzi ihe nkiri Stephen Gaghan; ihe nkiri ahụ mere ka ewepụta ihe nkiri ahụ site n'ọnwa anọ 2019 ruo Jenụwarị 2020. N'afọ 2022 ọ duziri oge nke abụọ nke usoro ihe omume ''Halo'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kriedemann|first=Kevin|title=South African filmmaker Jonathan Liebesman directs Halo S2 finale|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/south-african-director-jonathan-liebesman-helms-halo-s2-finale-20220517|accessdate=2022-06-19|work=Channel|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == '''Ihe nkiri ndị dị mkpirikpi''' {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Afọ !Aha ya ! width="65" |Onye nduzi ! width="65" |Onye edemede ! width="65" |Onye na-emepụta ya !Ihe edeturu |- |2000 |''[[Jenesis na Ọdachi: Ezi Akụkọ|Jenesis na Ọdachi]]''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}} |Ọzọkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-emepụta ụda mgbe mmepụta gasịrị |- |2005 |''Mkpịsị aka''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | |- |} '''Ihe nkiri ndị a ma ama''' {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ihe edeturu |- |2003 |''Ọchịchịrị Na-ada'' | |- |2006 |''Mgbukpọ nke Texas Chainsaw: Mmalite'' | |- |2009 |''Ụlọ Ogbugbu'' | |- |2011 |''Agha: Los Angeles'' | |- |2012 |''Iwe nke ndị Titans'' | |- |2014 |''Nwatakịrị Nkọwa Ninja'' |A họpụtara ya - Golden Raspberry Award maka onye nduzi kachasị njọ |- |2020 |''Dolittle'' |Onye nduzi nke reshoots (onye a na-edeghị aha ya) na onye na-emepụta ihe |} '''Telivishọn''' {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Afọ !Aha ya ! width="65" |Onye nduzi ! width="65" |Onye isi mmepụta<br /> !Ihe edeturu |- |2016 |''Ihe ndekọ Shannara''|{{yes}}|{{yes}} |Ihe omume "A họọrọ" (Nkebi 1 na 2) |- |2022 |''Halo''|{{yes}}|{{no}} |Ihe Omume 4 |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|509448}} * Jonathan LiebesmannaTomato rere ure [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ctf0teaoarjhxbk60e9uqb3ffchtwsi 0 37076 727727 621273 2026-09-24T21:10:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Gavin Hood|image=Gavin Hood 2015.jpg|image_size=|caption=Hood at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1963|5|12|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]|education=[[St Stithians College]]|occupation={{hlist|[[Film director]]|[[screenwriter]]|[[actor]]|[[film producer]]}}|years_active=1989–present}} '''Gavin Hood''' (Amụrụ na 12 Mee 1963) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nke amara nke ọma ide na eduzi Tsotsi (2005), nke meriri Academy Award maka Best Foreign Language Film. Ọ chịkwara ihe nkiri ndị ahụ ''X-Men Origins: Wolverine'', ''Ender's Game'', ''Eye in the Sky'' na ''Official Secrets''. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Hood na Johannesburg ma too na mpaghara Hillbrow. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke onye na-ere ahịa South Africa a mụrụ n'England Gordon Hood (nwụrụ n'afọ 2013). Hood gara St Stithians College wee gaa n'ihu na-agụsị akwụkwọ na nzere iwu na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ststithians.africamediaonline.com/universal-viewer/?q=1220_19&keyword=hood#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=12&r=0&xywh=2705%2C486%2C2207%2C1379|title=Universal Viewer – St Stithians Archives}}</ref> <ref name="bsa from" />{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/people/gavin-hood-160409|title=Gavin Hood: from Tsotsi to X-Men|work=Brand South Africa|date=16 April 2009|accessdate=26 February 2024|archivedate=27 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127043752/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/people/gavin-hood-160409}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Brand South Africa''. 16 April 2009.</cite></ref> ahụ, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ na edemede na iduzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri na California na 1991. [1] == Ọrụ iduzi == Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya, Hood malitere iduzi mgbe e nyere ya ọrụ ime ọtụtụ ihe nkiri nkuzi dị mkpirikpi maka Ngalaba Ahụike South Africa. Ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ ya bụ The Storekeeper (1998). O nwetara onyinye nka maka onyinye ya. <ref name="bsa from">{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/people/gavin-hood-160409|title=Gavin Hood: from Tsotsi to X-Men|work=Brand South Africa|date=16 April 2009|accessdate=26 February 2024|archivedate=27 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127043752/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/people/gavin-hood-160409}}</ref> Hood jikọtara aka mepụta ma dee edemede maka ihe nkiri izizi ya, A Reasonable Man (1999), nke na-egosi ogbugbu mberede nke nwatakịrị e weere na ọ bụ tokoloshe. Mgbe ahụ, ọ duziri Ihe nkiri Polish 2001 In Desert and Wilderness (''W pustyni na w puszczy'') mgbe onye nduzi mbụ ya dara ọrịa. Nke a sochiri ihe nkiri mpụ a ma ama bụ ''[[Tsotsi]]'' (2005). Tsotsi gara <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gavin Hood|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/gavin-hood|accessdate=2022-06-10|work=goldenglobes.com|language=en}}</ref>'ihu merie 2005 Academy Award maka Best Foreign Language Film, na-enye ya Academy Award mbụ ya, a họpụtakwara ya maka Golden Globe maka Best Foreign asụsụ Film na 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Walsh|first=Fiona|title=SA EXCLUSIVE: Gavin Hood on his new film and how his mom getting hijacked set in motion his Oscar-winning career|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/sa-exclusive-gavin-hood-on-his-new-film-and-how-his-mom-getting-hijacked-set-in-motion-his-oscar-winning-career-20190219|accessdate=2022-06-10|work=Channel|language=en-US}}</ref> A họpụtakwara Hood maka 2005 Non-European Film - Prix Screen International na European Film Awards maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117775717.html?categoryid=38&cs=1|work=Variety|title='Dance till wee hours|first=Bill|author=Higgins|date=31 January 2000}}</ref>'afọ 2000, magazin Variety kpọrọ ya otu n'ime "Ndị nduzi iri a ga-ele anya". Ọ duziri Rendition (2007), ihe ngosi Hollywood mbụ ya, maka New Line Cinema. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117968868.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|work=Variety|title=Fox says Hood good for 'Wolverine'|first=Peter|author=Gilstrap|date=19 July 2007|archive-date=7 July 2009|access-date=26 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707103745/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117968868.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> nyekwara ntụziaka maka Ihe nkiri X-Men Origins: Wolverine, nke dabeere na onye Marvel Comics nke otu aha ahụ, na [[Hugh Jackman]] na-emegharị ọrụ ya site na ihe nkiri X. Tupu ewepụta ihe nkiri ahụ, Gavin kwuru banyere ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ihe nkiri Wolverine ọhụrụ:<blockquote>Ihe nkiri ọ bụla nke na-ekwu maka ihe ọma na ihe ọjọọ ... bụ n'echiche m na-etinye n'ime ụwa na n'ezie n'ime ndị na-ege ntị na uche ndị na-eto eto na nkà ihe ọmụma dị ize ndụ, nke bụ na e nwere ihe ọma na ihe ọjọọ n'ụzọ dị mfe ma dị mfe ịkọwa. ... Echere m na n'ime afọ asatọ gara aga, anyị enweela nkà ihe ọmụma ahụ jupụtara na ọchịchị Bush na ọ bụrụ na ị nọ n'akụkụ nke ezi ihe, ọ dịkarịa ala dịka ị na-aghọta ya, mgbe ahụ ị pụghị ime ihe ọjọọ ... Nke ahụ bụ ihe dị ukwuu banyere onye a ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri a maka m na ihe mere m ji chọọ ime ya ... Nke a bụ nwoke na-amata ikike nke ya maka ihe ọjọọ ma echere m na nke ahụ na-akpali akpali n'ụdị ọdịbendị a ma ama. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Gavin+Hood%3A+Wolverine/|title=Gavin Hood: Wolverine|publisher=[[SuicideGirls.com]]|date=28 April 2009|accessdate=2009-04-28}}</ref>'ezie, ahịrị kachasị ewu ewu site na Wolverine, ndị na-eme ihe ọchị, bụ "Abụ m onye kachasị mma n'ihe m na-eme, mana ihe m na-em nke ọma adịghị mma".</blockquote>N'afọ 2011, Hood malitere ịrụ ọrụ na onye edemede Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game. <ref>{{Cite news|date=28 April 2011|first=Brian|author=Gallagher|title=Ender's Game Lands at Summit Entertainment|url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/enders-game-lands-at-summit-entertainment|publisher=MovieWeb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2010/09/orson-scott-card-enders-game-gavin-hood.html|title=Gavin Hood: Enders Game|work=Los Angeles Times|date=20 September 2010|first=Steven|author=Zeitchik}}</ref> dere ihe odide nke ihe nkiri Card ma duzie ihe nkiri ahụ. E wepụtara Ender's Game na ụlọ ihe nkiri US na 1 Nọvemba 2013. Hood duziri ma mee ihe na Eye in the Sky, nke a tọhapụrụ na 15 Septemba 2015 na TIFF na Toronto, Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Standing ovation for Oscar-winning SA director Gavin Hood at the Sundance Film Festival|url=https://www.news24.com/Channel/standing-ovation-for-oscar-winning-sa-director-gavin-hood-at-the-sundance-film-festival-20190130|accessdate=2022-06-10|work=Channel|language=en-US}}</ref> dere, duzie, ma mepụta ihe nkiri Britain nke 2019 Official Secrets dabere na ezigbo ndụ nke onye na-eme mkpesa na Agha Iraq Katharine Gun . <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2019-12-15-director-gavin-hood-on-why-hes-drawn-to-telling-stories-about-moral-dilemmas/|title=Director Gavin Hood on why he's drawn to telling stories about moral dilemmas|journal=TimesLIVE|first=Tymon|author=Smith|date=15 December 2019|accessdate=26 November 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/sa-exclusive-gavin-hood-on-his-new-film-and-how-his-mom-getting-hijacked-set-in-motion-his-oscar-winning-career-20190219|title=SA EXCLUSIVE: Gavin Hood on his new film and how his mom getting hijacked set in motion his Oscar-winning career|journal=Channel24|first=Fiona|author=Walsh|date=19 February 2019|accessdate=26 November 2021}}</ref>'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Hood "na-agba ọsọ, azụ na azụ" n'etiti South Africa, United States, na United Kingdom. == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;" |Afọ ! rowspan="2" |Ihe nkiri |- ! width="65" |Onye nduzi ! width="65" |Onye edemede ! width="65" |Onye na-emepụta ya ! scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- |1998 |''Onye Na-elekọta Ụlọ Ahịa''| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |1999 |''[[Nwoke Ezi Uche]]''| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} |Onye nduzi Mbụ |- |2001 |''N'Ọzara Na Ọzara''| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}} | |- |2005 |''[[Tsotsi]]''| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}} |Academy Award maka Best Foreign Language FilmNominated- BAFTA Award maka Best Film Not in the English LanguageNominated - Golden Globe Award maka Best foreign Language Film<br /><br />Ihe nrite Golden Globe maka ihe nkiri kacha mma n'asụsụ mba ọzọ |- |2007 |''Ntinye aha''| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}} | |- |2009 |''Mmalite nke X-Men: Wolverine''| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}} | |- |2013 |''Egwuregwu Ender''| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}} | |- |2015 |''Anya n'Eluigwe''| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}} | |- |2019 |''Ihe Nzuzo Ndị Omeiwu''| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes|Executive}} | |} '''Ọrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Afọ ! rowspan="2" |Aha ya |- !Ọrụ !Ihe odide |- | rowspan="3" |1991 |''Ọzara Ebe Obibi'' |Willi | |- |''Onye America na-akụ ọkpọ'' |Ken Holligan | |- |''Ọbụbụ ọnụ nke Atọ: Ịchụ àjà ọbara'' |Robert | |- |1993 |''Egwuregwu ahụ'' | |Ihe omume TV13<br /> |- |1994 |''Ọrụ Shadowchaser II'' |Egwu | |- | rowspan="2" |1995 |''Onye na-akụ ọkpọ 5'' |Onye mmeri Germany | rowspan="2" |N'ịntanetị |- |''Mgbọ Oge Mmadụ'' |Mike |- |1996 |''Rhodes'' |Frank Johnson |Ihe omume 4 |- |1997 |''Ọrụ Delta Force 2: Mayday'' |Ọkụ ọkụ | rowspan="3" |N'ịntanetị |- | rowspan="2" |1998 |''Ndị dị ndụ'' |Dọkịta US |- |''Ọrụ Delta Force 3: Ihe A Na-achọ'' |Ọkụ ọkụ |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |''[[Nwoke Ezi Uche]]'' |Sean Raine | |- |''Obi Onye Gbara Ọgba aghara'' |John Roberts | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''N'aka Ndị iro'' |Onye isi ụgbọ mmiri Achilles | |- |''Stargate SG-1'' |Colonel Alexi Vaselov |1 ihe omume |- |''Ebe Eze Solomọn na-egwupụta ihe'' |Bruce McNabb |Obere ihe nkiri TV2<br /> |- |2013 |''Egwuregwu Ender'' |Nnukwu Nnukwu Nnụnụ |Olu na ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2015 |''Anya n'Eluigwe'' |Lieutenant Colonel Ed Walsh | |- |} == Edensibia == Academy Award mbụ ya, a họpụtakwara ya maka Golden Globe maka Best Foreign asụsụ Film na 2006. A họpụtakwara Hood maka 2005 Non-European Film - Prix Screen == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} * Gavin HoodnaAllMovie * Gavin HoodnaTomato rere ure * Gavin HoodnaIhe Ndị Na-egosi Ihe Ndị Dị Oké Mkpa {{Gavin Hood}}{{AcademyAwardBestForeignLanguageFilm 2001–2020}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] elxil8gmrvqzqox1wy1cnb7muomzri3 0 37104 727694 515776 2026-09-24T18:29:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|URL={{URL|fabriceziolkowski.com}}}} '''Fabrice Ziolkowski''' (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 28, 1954) bụ onye edemede a mụrụ na France, nke a maara nke ọma maka ide ihe nkiri animation nke [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-nominated <ref> {{Cite web|title=The 82nd Academy Awards 2010|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2010|date=|accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> The Secret of Kells, na-ede usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn animated ''Gawayn'', na iduzi ma na-emepụta ihe nkiri avant-garde ''L.A.X.'' == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Usòrò:Charleville_place_ducale_face.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ebe ducal dị na Charleville-Mézières.]] A mụrụ Fabrice Ziolkowski na Jenụwarị 28, 1954, na Charleville-Mézières, [[France]]. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara, nke mbụ na Montreal, Quebec, Canada, mgbe ahụ na United States. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Brooks Institute of Photography, natara BA na MA na ihe nkiri na akwụkwọ site na Mahadum [[California]] na Santa Barbara, ma rụọ ọrụ doctoral na Mahadim California, Los Angeles (UCLA). == Ọrụ == Ziolkowski malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye otu ihe nkiri Lumina nke gụnyere onye na-eme ihe nkiri nnwale MM Serra . <ref name="DEJ"> {{Cite book|first=David E.|author=James|title=The Most Typical Avant-Garde|publisher=University of California Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0mkbWQ6hIcC&q=%22fabrice+ziolkowski%22&pg=PA492|pages=419, 492|date=2005|isbn=9780520938199|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref>Ọ bụ onye edemede (na onye edemede akwụkwọ), mana ọ duziri ma mepụta ihe nkiri. Kemgbe afọ 2000, ọ pụtara dị ka onye nduzi olu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fabrice Ziolkowski|publisher=Vox Dub|url=http://www.voxdub.com/page2/page2.html|date=|accessdate=26 September 2015|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065035/http://www.voxdub.com/page2/page2.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fabrice Ziolkowski|publisher=Mozaic Productions|url=http://www.mozaicproductions.com/bios/page12/page12.html|date=|accessdate=26 September 2015|archivedate=12 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212022432/http://mozaicproductions.com/bios/page12/page12.html}}</ref> bụ onye nwe Mozaic Productions na Vox Dub ugbu a. Ọ bụ onye isi mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ TF1 Protecrea site na 1999 ruo 2002. == Onye ọ bụla == Ziolkowski bi na France na onye mmekọ ya Luli Barzman (nwa Ben Barzman na Norma Barzman). Ọ zutere Barzman na UCLA; ha abụọ arụkọwo ọrụ n'ọrụ dị iche iche ruo ọtụtụ afọ, site na edemede ihe nkiri ruo na mmepụta na iduzi ihe ngosi. O nwere nwa nwanyị, Marina Ziolkowski, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke ọgbọ nke atọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ. == Ọrụ == A maara Ziolkowski nke ọma maka ihe nkiri ya nke ihe nkiri animation a ma ama na mba ụwa The Secret of Kells . The Hollywood Reporter kọwara <ref> {{Cite news|first=Iain|author=Blair|title='Secret' of Oscar animation noms|publisher=Variety|url=https://variety.com/2010/digital/awards/secret-of-oscar-animation-noms-1118014827/|date=5 February 2010|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> dị ka "akụkọ na-akpali akpali" nke "isiokwu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ike karịrị ike nke echiche na ịgbaso nrọ mmadụ" na "ihe odide Irish-akụkọ ifo-na-akụkọ-akụkọ " <ref> {{Cite news|first=Michael|author=Rechtshaffen|title=The Secret of Kells|publisher=The Hollywood Reporter|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/secret-kells-film-review-29365|date=14 October 2010|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> The New York Times kwuru na "mmụọ dị nro nke syncretism jupụtara na Nzuzo nke Kells. <ref> {{Cite news|first=A.O.|author=Scott|title=Outside the Abbey's Fortified Walls, a World of Fairy Girls and Beasts|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/05/movies/05secret.html?_r=0|date=5 March 2010|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> Variety kpọrọ ya "Ihe nkiri 2D dị egwu, nke mere na ọ dị ka onye si n'agbụrụ nke ọdịnala akwụkwọ mpịakọta oge ochie, na-eme ka akụkọ ya zuru oke". Ihe ndekọ ya ''L.A.X.'' na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọkwa: ọkà mmụta ihe nkiri David James akpọwo ya"a disbused, na-enwe obi abụọ nsụgharị nke obodo ahụ na-emebi emebi" nke na-ekpughe "ihe ndị dị adị n'azụ anyanwụ. " <ref name="DEJ"/> A kọwawo ya dị ka "a essay" na Los Angeles, a "anwale documentary, na "a fictional structure... njem gafere obodo ahụ. "<ref> {{Cite web|title=L.A.X.|publisher=Melbourne International Film Festival (MIFF)|url=http://miff.com.au/festival-archive/film/16474|date=2015|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri === * Ee! Ee! Ee! (2012) ihe ndekọ * Mazopo (2004) vidio egwu * Akwụkwọ ozi ọnwụ (2000) ihe ngosi * <ref> {{Cite news|first=Richard B.|author=Woodward|title=A Tale of Three Cities|publisher=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/art-review-a-tale-of-three-citieson-the-city-lost-and-found-capturing-new-york-chicago-and-los-angeles-19601980-at-the-art-institute-of-chicago-1418255614|date=10 December 2014|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref>.A.X. (1980) ihe ngosi<ref name="BFI">{{Cite web|title=Fabrice Ziolkowski|publisher=British Film Institute|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2ba56e7430|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910211602/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2ba56e7430|archivedate=10 September 2012|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Film Series / Events|publisher=Harvard Film Archive|url=http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2005spring/losangeles.html|accessdate=26 September 2015|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110447/http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2005spring/losangeles.html}}</ref><ref> {{Cite web|title=L.A.: Erasure and the Modern City|publisher=Los Angeles Film Forum|url=http://lafilmforum.org/archive/summer-20|date=2013|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> ==== Onye na-emepụta ya ==== * Ihe ngosi 1001 Lives of Lia Rodrigues (2006) * Ịlaghachi [[Kinshasa]] (2003) ihe ngosi ==== Onye edemede ==== Ziolkowski edeela, soro dee, ma ọ bụ dezie ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, usoro telivishọn na ihe omume, ọkachasị animation. * Sadie Sparks (2019) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Alvin na Chipmunks (2015) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Ee! Ee! Ee! (2012) ihe ndekọ * The Bellflower Bunnies (2010) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Gawayn (2009-2012) ihe nkiri telivishọn <ref name="tvguide">{{Cite web|title=Fabrice Ziolkowski|publisher=TV Guide|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/fabrice-ziolkowski/credits/680625/|accessdate=26 September 2015|archive-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927235831/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/fabrice-ziolkowski/credits/680625/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * <ref name="TCM">{{Cite web|title=Fabrice Ziolkowski|publisher=The Movie Channel|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1582482%7C0/Fabrice-Ziolkowski/filmography.html|accessdate=26 September 2015|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810220425/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1582482%7C0/Fabrice-Ziolkowski/filmography.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref> {{Cite web|first=Roger|author=Ebert|title=The Secret of Kells|publisher=RogerEbert.com|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-secret-of-kells-2010|date=10 March 2010|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> omuma nke Kells (2009) <ref name="tvguide" /> <ref name="BFI"/> * Hairy Scary (2008) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Atout 5 (2007) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * <ref name="BFI" /> (Flower of Oblivion) (2006) ihe nkiri [1] * Viva Carthago (2005) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * The Mysteries of Providence (2002) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Ihe nkiri animation The Southern Star (2001) * Mysterious Island (2001) ihe nkiri animation * Ihe nkiri animation The Greatest Show on Ice (2001) * Death Letters (2000) ihe nkiri * Baby Monitor (1997) ihe nkiri telivishọn * L'amerloque (1996) ihe nkiri telivishọn * Billy the Cat (1996) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Indaba (1996) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Highlander (1993) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Counterstrike (1992) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Tattle Tale (1992) ihe nkiri telivishọn * <ref name="BFI" /> nkiri Venture (1992) [1] * Hot Chocolate (1992) ihe nkiri telivishọn * Fly by Night (1991) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * The New Adventures of the Black Stallion (1990) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn * Circles in a Forest (1991) ihe nkiri (ya na Luli Barzman) <ref name="BFI" /> * L.A.X. (1980) ihe nkiri ==== Olu ==== Ziolkowski jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi olu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ onye nkuzi mkparịta ụka na ihe ndị a: * My Knight and Me (2017) onye na-edekọ olu * Egwu Larry (2012) ntụziaka olu * Sherlock Yack: Zoo-Detective (2011) usoro telivishọn - ntụziaka olu * Lulu Vroumette (2010) usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn - ntụziaka olu * Tales of Tatonka (2010) usoro telivishọn - olu na ntụziaka olu * Miss [[Mizurị|Missouri]] (1990) ihe nkiri - onye nkuzi mkparịta ụka<ref name="TCM"/> * Nocturne Indian (1989) ihe nkiri - onye nkuzi mkparịta ụka * Man <ref name="BFI"/> Fire (1987) onye nkuzi mkparịta ụka na ntụgharị a na-akwadoghị <ref name="TCM" /> === Akwụkwọ na isiokwu === Ziolkowski edeela akwụkwọ na akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, nke gụnyere: * Ashes 2 Ashes (2010) akwụkwọ akụkọ<ref> {{Cite book|first=Fabrice|author=Ziolkowski|title=Ashes 2 Ashes|publisher=CreateSpace|date=2010|isbn=9781456301866|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RzFKYgEACAAJ&q="fabrice+ziolkowski"|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> * Nkwupụta nke ihe nkiri (Introduction To The Screenplay) (1999, bipụtara ọzọ 2006) <ref> {{Cite book|first=Fabrice|author=Ziolkowski|title=Introduction au scenario|publisher=Dixit|date=1999|isbn=9780520938199|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0mkbWQ6hIcC&q=%22fabrice+ziolkowski%22&pg=PA492|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref><ref> {{Cite web|first=Fabrice|author=Ziolkowski|title=Ecrire une histoire pour le cinéma et la télévision|publisher=Dixit|date=2006|url=http://www.dixit.fr/boutique-detail-livre-ecrire-une-histoire-pour-le-cinema-et-la-television-par-ziolkowsk-et-barzman-249-0-4.html|accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> * <ref> {{Cite book|author=Ziolkowski|first=Fabrice|title=Eric Rohmer: Interviews|location=Jackson, Mississippi|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|year=2013|chapter=Comedies and Proverbs: An Interview with Eric Rohmer|pages=|isbn=9781628468434|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pw4bBwAAQBAJ&q=%22fabrice+ziolkowski%22&pg=PT88}} | access-date = 26 September 2015</ref>"Comedies and Proverbs: Ajụjụ ọnụ na Eric Rohmer" (1981) [1] == Edensibia == Norma Barzman). Ọ zutere Barzman na UCLA; ha abụọ arụkọwo ọrụ n'ọrụ dị iche iche ruo ọtụtụ afọ, site na edemede ihe nkiri ruo na mmepụta na iduzi{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dc6xt06wsxoyv4qr2hklk8ihqktw4pj 0 37990 727646 444273 2026-09-24T15:08:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Infobox film | name = The Blue Elephant | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[Marwan Hamed]] | based_on = [[The Blue Elephant (novel)|The Blue Elephant]] | producer = Fadi Fahim<br />Omar Sallam | writer = [[Ahmed Mourad]] | starring = [[Karim Abdel Aziz]]<br />Khaled El Sawy<br />[[Nelly Karim]]<br />Mohamed Mamdouh<br />Dareen Haddad<br />Shereen Reda<br />Mohamed Shahin<br />[[Lebleba]] | cinematography = Ahmed El Morsi | editing = Mohamed Attia | music = [[Hesham Nazih]] | distributor = Arabia Cinema Production & Distribution (ACPD) | released = {{Film date|2014|07|28}} | runtime = 170 minutes | country = [[Egypt]] | language = [[Egyptian Arabic]] | budget = }}'''''The Blue Elephant''''' ({{lang-arz|الفيل الأزرق|Al Fil Al Azraq}}) bu Ihe nkiri Egypt/ihe egwu/ihe omimi nke 2014 nke Marwan Hamed mebere ma duzie ya na Cairo, Egypt. Akụkọ ahụ bụ na mbụ sụgharịa ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Arabik 2012 nke onye ode akwụkwọ Egypt ama ama Ahmed Mourad dere, na Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Egypt bụ Karim Abdel Aziz, Khaled El Sawy na Nelly Karim. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-ekwu banyere nwoke a kpọrọ Yehia, bụ onye n'achọghị mmasị pụta n'iche mgbe afọ ise gachara, maliteghachi ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọgwụ mgbakasị El-Abbaseya, ebe ọ nọ. na-ahụ maka inyocha ahụike uche nke ndị mpụ na-agba ara. Ọ bụ sochiri a sequel '''''The Blue Elephant 2''''' ({{lang-ar|2 الفيل الأزرق}}, translit.&nbsp;Al Fil Al Azraq 2) ewepụtara na 2019. Dị ka Ahmed Mourad, onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ Arabic, si kwuo, akwụkwọ ahụ na ihe nkiri ahụ nwere njedebe abụọ dị iche iche. Onye nduzi Marwan Hamed tụrụ aro mgbanwe <ref>{{Cite web|title=Egyptian Novelist, Ahmed Mourad|url=http://primemag.me/egyptian-novelist-ahmed-mourad/|publisher=Prime Cairo|accessdate=23 February 2015}}</ref> mmechi nke ihe nkiri ahụ iji kwe ka ihe nkiri ahụ gbanwee ma mee ka ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị nwee afọ ojuju. Blue Elephant nwetara nyocha dị iche iche mana ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ Egypt Box-office n'oge Eid. Ihe nkiri ahụ agbasoghị usoro nke ogbugbu ndị na-eme n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nke ihe nkiri ndị Ijipt, ma o jisiri ike merie ndị na-ege ntị n'ofe mpaghara Arab. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe ruru nde pound iri atọ nke Egypt, nke bụ ihe dịka nde dollar US 4.2. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Field|first=Roger|title=The Blue Elephant pushes the boundaries|url=http://www.digitalproductionme.com/article-8000-the-blue-elephant-pushes-the-boundaries/|publisher=Business Publishing Ltd|accessdate=22 February 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Feature Film, Rating Count at least 25,000, Horror (Sorted by IMDb Rating Descending)|url=https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?genres=horror&sort=user_rating,desc&title_type=feature&num_votes=25000,&pf_rd_m=A2FGELUUNOQJNL&pf_rd_p=5aab685f-35eb-40f3-95f7-c53f09d542c3&pf_rd_r=AMYRBMDN78RN0JMTQHAP&pf_rd_s=right-6&pf_rd_t=15506&pf_rd_i=top&ref_=chttp_gnr_12|accessdate=2021-05-27|work=IMDb}}</ref> ọ na-erule 2024, ọ bụ ihe nkiri egwu nke iri na abụọ kachasị elu na [[IMDb]] na ọkwa nke 8.0. [1] == Atụmatụ == == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * [[Karim Abdel Aziz]] dị ka Dr. Yehia Rashed * Khaled El Sawy dị ka Sherif Al Kordy nakwa dị ka Na'el * [[Nelly Karim]] dị ka Lobna * Mohamed Mamdouh dị ka Dr. Sameh * Dareen Haddad dị ka Maya * [[Lebleba]] dị ka Dr. Safaa * Shereen Reda dị ka Deega * Mohamed Shahin dị ka Shaker * Yvesson dị ka onye guzobere Blue Elephant == Mmepụta == <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bedder|first=Bryan|title='The Yacoubian Building's' Marwan Hamed talks about 'The Blue Elephant,' which screens in competition at this week's Marrakech Fest|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/marwan-hamed-on-the-blue-elephant-fantasy-thrillers-and-doubt-1201373872/|publisher=Variety Media|accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref> nduzi Marwan Hamed kwuru "M gụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'otu ụbọchị, echekwara m na ọ dị ịtụnanya ka anyị anaghị eme ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali na ihe nkiri fantasy na Ijipt ma enwere m mmasị na ụdị ndị a n'ihi ya echere m na nke a nwere ike ịbụ nke ahụ. Ọ na-ewute m maka ndị edemede, ọkachasị Yehia Rahed, onye isi. Echere m mgbe niile na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri niile na akụkọ ha niile na-adọrọ mmasị n'ezie. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịrị m bụ ụwa na fim ahụ na njem. Ekele maka nkwado sitere na: # Al Shorouk maka Media Productions. # Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta Albatross. # <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Blue Elephant screens in Dubai|url=http://www.broadcastprome.com/news/the-blue-elephant-screens-in-dubai/#.VOoFq2THeXw|publisher=Broadcast Pro Middle East|accessdate=22 February 2015}}</ref> nkiri Lighthouse. E mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ nke ọma. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta atọ ahụ nyekwara aka na "Arabia Cinema Production & Distribution" iji nyere aka kesaa ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụwa niile. The Film The Blue Elephant, nke mbụ e wepụtara na 28th nke July, 2014 na Egypt. Otu ọnwa mgbe e mesịrị na Eid al-Fitr 14 Ọgọst 2014 ihe nkiri ahụ dị maka ndị na-ekiri ya na mba ndị dị ka ([[United Arab Emirates]], Kuwait na Bahrain) == Nnakwere == Onye nkatọ Mahmoud Mahdy nke FilmGamed kwuru <ref>{{Cite web|date=March 31, 2016|author=Mahmoud Mahdy|title=The Blue Elephant {{!}} A Mystery that Actually Works|url=http://www.filmgamed.com/the-blue-elephant-a-mystery-that-actually-works/|work=Film Gamed}}</ref> ọ bụ 8 n'ime 10 wee dee, sị: "The Blue Elephant bụ ihe nkiri sinima nke kwesịrị ịmeghe ụzọ maka obi ike na njem ndị ọzọ site n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Ijipt. " == Ndị a nabatara == == Ahịa == E kesara ihe nkiri ahụ nke ọma site n'enyemaka nke "Arabia Cinema Production & Distribution (ACPD) " na Egypt. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_re9LmNj10 The Blue Elephant (2014) (trailer)] * [https://www.facebook.com/BlueElephant.Movie/ '' Peeji Facebook'', The Blue Elephant (2014), March 26,2015] * [https://twitter.com/BlueElephantMov/ '' Peeji Twitter nke gọọmentị'', The Blue Elephant (2014), March 26,2015] * [[imdbtitle:3461252|''IMDb'', The Blue Elephant (2014), February 13, 2015]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150709175312/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/film/the-blue-elephant-a-box-office-success-in-egypt-stomps-into-uae The National, The Blue Elephant, ihe ''Mba'' nke ọma n'ọfịs na Egypt, na-abanye na UAE, February 13, 2015] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305200413/http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/%E2%80%98al-feel-al-azraq-ahmed-mourad-s-latest-novel-blends-thriller-and-crime-pyschiatry Egypt Independent, 'Al-Feel al-Azraq": akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ nke Ahmed Mourad na-agwakọta ihe egwu na mpụ na pyschiatry, February 14, 2015] chjabkzt0xvucwf09utpnupopwagc6z 0 38161 727801 696405 2026-09-25T03:13:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727801 wikitext text/x-wiki Nke '''Cinema of Benin''' na-ezo aka na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri nke Republic of Benin na West Africa. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Isi mmalite dị iche iche banyere nke bụ ihe nkiri Benin mbụ, ụfọdụ na-ezo aka na mkpirikpi Lumière des hommes (1954, onye nduzi a na-amaghị), <ref name="HoungnikpoDecalo2013">{{Cite book|author=Houngnikpo|first=Mathurin C.|title=Historical Dictionary of Benin|edition=Fourth|year=2013|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham|isbn=978-0-8108-7171-7|pages=164–65}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHoungnikpoDecalo2013">Houngnikpo, Mathurin C.; Decalo, Samuel (2013). ''Historical Dictionary of Benin'' (Fourth&nbsp;ed.). Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. pp.&nbsp;164–65. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/978-0-8108-7171-7|<bdi>978-0-8108-7171-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> na ndị ọzọ na-ezo Aka na ọrụ [[Pascal Abikanlou]], onye mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na 1960s, sochiri ihe nkiri mbụ ya Sous le signe du vaudou na 1974. [[Richard De Medeiros]] bụ onye nduzi ọzọ a ma ama n'afọ ndị mbụ nke nnwere onwe, malite na 1970's Le roi est mort en exil, nyocha nke Behanzin, eze ikpeazụ nke Dahomey. [1] gara n'ihu mepụta ihe nkiri Le nouveau venu (1972), nke nyochara okwu nrụrụ aka na esemokwu dị n'etiti oge a na ọdịnala na Benin. [[François Okioh]] mere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi n'afọ ndị 1980, yana ihe nkiri ogologo oge ''Ironou'' (1985) na Enfants de... (1985). Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a ma ama n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga bụ [[Jean Odoutan]] (Barbecue Pejo, 2000; ''Pim-Pim Tché'', 2010), [[Idrissou Mora-Kpai|Idrissou Mora Kpai]] (Si-Gueriki, la reine-mère, 2002) na [[Sylvestre Amoussou]] (''Africa Paradaịs'', 2006). == Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Benin == bụ ndepụta nke ihe nkiri ndị e mepụtara na Benin. <ref name="HoungnikpoDecalo2013" /> <ref>Various (2000) ''Les cinémas d'Afrique: Dictionnaire'', Editions Karthala, p. 18</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Onye nduzi !Ụdị ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |1954 |''[[Lumière des hommes|Ìhè nke ụmụ mmadụ]]'' |? |Dị mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Light of Men''Ìhè nke Ụmụ Mmadụ'' |- |1967 |''[[Ganvié, mon village|Obodo m bụ́ Ganvié]]'' |[[Pascal Abikanlou]] |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Ganvié, ''Obodo M'' |- |1968 |''[[Escale au Dahomey|Ebe a kwụsịrị na Dahomey]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Stopover na Dahomey''Ịkwụsị na Dahomey'' |- |1969 |''[[Premières offrandes|Onyinye Mbụ]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: ''Onyinye Mbụ'' |- |1969 |''[[Fête de l'igname|Ememe nke yam]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Yam Festival''Ememme Yam'' |- |1970 |''[[Le roi est mort en exil|Eze ahụ nwụrụ n'ebe a chụgara ya]]'' |[[Richard de Medeiros|Richard nke Medeiros]] |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Eze Nwụrụ n'Achịbụrụ''Eze ahụ nwụrụ n'ebe a chụgara ya'' |- |1971 |''[[Opération Sonader|Ọrụ Sonader]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Operation Sonader''Ọrụ Sonader'' |- |1971 |''[[De l'eau et de l'ombrage|Mmiri na onyinyo]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: ''Mmiri na onyinyo'' |- |1972 |''[[Téké, hymne au Borgou|Téké, ukwe maka ndị Borgou]]'' |Richard nke Medeiros |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: ''Téké, Hymn of Borgou'' |- |1972 |''Ịgbachi nkịtị na ọkụ ọhịa'' |Richard nke Medeiros |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |Isiokwu Bekee: Silence and Bushfire''Ịgbachi nkịtị na ọkụ ọhịa'' |- |1974 |''N'okpuru akara voodoo'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: ''N'okpuru Ihe ịrịba ama nke Voodoo'' |- |1975 |''[[L'Afrique au Rendez-vous de l'Année Sainte|Afrịka n'Otu Afọ Nsọ]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Africa na Rendezvous nke Afọ Ọhụrụ''Africa na Nzukọ Afọ Ọhụrụ'' |- |1976 |''[[Le Nouveau venu|Onye Ọhụrụ]]'' |Richard De Medeiros |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: The Newcomer''Onye Ọhụrụ'' |- |1980 |''[[Ces Collines ne sont pas muettes|Ugwu ndị a adịghị ekwu okwu]]'' |[[François Okioh]] |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Isiokwu Bekee: Ugwu ndị a adịghị ekwu okwu''Ugwu Ndị a Adịghị Akwụsị'' |- |1982 |''[[Le Fleuve a tout emporté|Osimiri ahụ buuru ihe nile]]'' |François Okioh |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Isiokwu Bekee: ''Osimiri ahụ kpochapụrụ ihe niile'' |- |1983 |''[[Ogu (film)|Ogu]]'' |François Okioh |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi | |- |1985 |''[[Enfants de...|Ụmụ nke . . .]]'' |François Okioh |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: ''Ụmụaka nke...'' |- |1985 |''[[Ironou]]'' |François Okioh |Ihe nkiri | |- |1989 |''[[Dan xome royaume des Huegbadjavi|Dan xome alaeze nke Huegbadjavi]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: ''Dan Xome, Alaeze nke Huegbadjavi'' |- |1991 |''[[Debout les morts|Ndị nwụrụ anwụ guzo ọtọ]]'' |? |Mmepụta telivishọn |Isiokwu Bekee: Up the Dead''N'elu Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ'' |- |1991 |''[[Les Tresseurs de Corde|Ndị Na-akpụ Akụ na Akụ na Ụdọ]]'' |François Okioh |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: The Matters''Ndị Na-ebibi Ihe'' |- |1992 |''[[Vent de l'espoir|Ifufe Olileanya]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: Wind of Hope''Ifufe nke Olileanya'' |- |1993 |''[[Ouidah 92]]'' |Pascal Abikanlou |Ihe nkiri | |- |1998 |''Ozu Chineke'' |[[Dominique Loreau]] |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: Divine Carcass''Ozu Chineke'' |- |1999 |''[[Génération perdue|Ọgbọ Ndị Furu Efu]]'' |Maazị Pounie | |Aha Bekee: Ọgbọ furu efu''Ọgbọ Ndị Furu Efu'' |- |2000 |''[[Barbecue-Pejo|Ebe a na-esi nri]]'' |[[Jean Odoutan]] |Ihe nkiri | |- |2000 |''[[Le Pays Idaasha|Ala Idaasha]]'' |François Okioh |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: ''Mba Dassa'' |- |2002 |''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250627155046/https://idrimora.com/projects/unlimited-calls/ Si-Gueriki, Eze Nwanyị]'' |[[Idrissou Mora-Kpai|Idrissou Mora Kpai]] |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: ''Si-Gueriki, Eze Nwanyị'' |- |2004 |''[[La Valse des gros derrières|Nnukwu ndagwurugwu]]'' |Jean Odoutan | |Bekee: The Waltz of the Big Behinds''Waltz nke Nnukwu Ihe Ndị Dị n'azụ'' |- |2006 |''[[Abeni (ihe nkiri)|Abeni]]'' |[[Tunde Kelani]] |Ihe nkiri |Nkwekọrịta mmepụta Benin na Naijiria |- |2006 |''[[Africa Paradaịs]]'' |[[Sylvestre Amoussou]] |Ihe nkiri / ihe ọchị |Aha Bekee: Africa Paradise''Africa Paradaịs'' |- |2006 |''Abeni 2'' |Tunde Kelani |Ihe nkiri |Nkwekọrịta mmepụta Benin na Naijiria |- |2006 |''[[Crânes épais... lèvres fausses|Okpokoro isi buru ibu egbugbere ọnụ adịgboroja]]'' |François Okioh |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi |Isiokwu Bekee: Thick Skulls... ''Okpokoro Okpokoro... Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ụgha'' |- |2007 |''[[L'Amazone candidate|Osimiri Amazon]]'' |[[Sanvi Panou]] |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: The Amazon Candidate''Onye Amazon'' |- |2010 |''[[Pim-Pim Tché]]'' |Jean Odoutan |Ihe nkiri | |- |2010 |''[[Shed No Tears (2010 film)|Enweghị Anya mmiri]]'' |[[Kaitlyn Summerill]] |Ihe nkiri | |- |2011 |''[[Un pas en avant - Les dessous de la corruption|Otu nzọụkwụ n'ihu - Ihe ndị na-eme n'okpuru nrụrụ aka]]'' |Sylvestre Amoussou |Ihe ọchị |Aha Bekee: One Step Forward - The Bottom of Corruption''Otu Nzọụkwụ Ịga n'ihu - Nkwụsị nke Nrụrụ aka'' |- |2011 |''[[Indochina, n'ụkwụ nne]]'' |[[Idrissou Mora-Kpai|Idrissou Mora Kpai]] |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: Indochina: Traces of a Mother''Indochina: Ihe Ndị Na-egosi Nne'' |- |2011 |''[[Femme d'Afrique|Nwanyị Afrịka]]'' |[[Milja Viita]] |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: ''Nwaanyị nke Africa'' |- |2011 |''[[Larmes de sang|Anya mmiri ọbara]]'' |[[Laitan Faranpojo]] na [[Mark Koumagnon]] | |Aha Bekee: Tears of Blood''Anya mmiri nke ọbara'' |- |2012 |''[[La personne de Georges Adéagbo|Onye Georges Adéagbo]]'' |[[Matteo Fritelli]] |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: ''Onye nke Georges Adéagbo'' |- |2012 |''[[Possessed by Voodoo|Ndị Voodoo nwere]]'' |[[Sergey Yastrzhembskiy]] |Ihe nkiri | |- |2012 |''Ogige ahụ'' |[[Jean-Frédéric de Hasque]] |Ihe nkiri | |- |2014 |''Ịnyịnya ígwè nrọ'' |[[Nelson Roubert]] |Ihe nkiri | |- |2015 |''[[Òtù ndị omempụ!]]'' |[[Arnauld Robert]] |Ihe nkiri | |- |2016 |''Onye na-eme ihe nkiri'' |[[Ange-Régis Hounkpatin]] |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |Aha Bekee: Ịkwụ ụgwọ''Nkwụghachi ụgwọ'' |- |2016 |''Ọwara nke Ụmụnne Abụọ'' |[[Hazel Hill McCarthy III|Hazel Hill McCarthy nke Atọ]] |Ihe nkiri | |- |2016 |''Dassa-Zoume'' |[[Christophe Blanpied]] |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi | |- |2017 |''Oké ifufe nke Afrịka - Kọntinent na-emetụta'' |[[Sylvestre Amoussou]] |Ihe nkiri |Aha Bekee: Oké Ifufe Afrịka''Oké Ifufe nke Africa'' |- |2017 |''[[Studio Harmattan|Ụlọ ọrụ Harmattan]]'' |Stefanos Pavlakis |Nnyocha mkpirikpi | |- |2018 |''[[In Search of Voodoo: Roots of Heaven|N'ịchọ Voodoo: Mgbọrọgwụ nke Eluigwe]]'' |Djimon Hounsou |Ihe nkiri | |- |2018 |''[[ZanKlan]]'' |[[Ebe Egwuregwu Assogba]] |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2018 |''[[When God is Among Us|Mgbe Chineke nọ n'etiti anyị]]'' |[[Aidan Macaluso]] |Ihe omuma, nke di mkpirikpi | |- |} == Hụkwa ==   * [[Benin|Culture of Benin]] * List of African films == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == gara n'ihu mepụta ihe nkiri Le nouveau venu (1972), nke nyochara okwu nrụrụ aka na esemokwu * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050504084613/http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/Benin/ Ihe nkiri Benin] E debere Wayback Machine na Internet Movie Database[[IMDb|Ebe nchekwa data ihe nkiri n'ịntanetị]] {{Benin topics}}{{Filmsbycountry}}{{Africa topic|Cinema of}}{{World cinema navbox}} 5xp8dzl21rt9lhj0bs5czj0tuosvxcv 0 38660 727645 674282 2026-09-24T15:05:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727645 wikitext text/x-wiki     {{Databox}}'''Eleanor Nwadinobi''' bụ dọkịta Naijiria na onye na-akwado ahụike ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/eleanor-nwadinobi-fighting-for-nigerian-women-s-rights-to-health-and-protection|title=Eleanor Nwadinobi, fighting for Nigerian women's rights to health and protection|work=www.who.int|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1310121-buhari-receives-president-international-women-organisation.html|title=Buhari receives president of international women organisation|author=Adegun|first=Aanu|date=2020-03-10|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-11|archivedate=2021-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824165035/https://www.legit.ng/1310121-buhari-receives-president-international-women-organisation.html}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye Naijiria mbụ a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi otu Medical Women International Association . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/doctors-protest-stripping-of-colleague-naked-in-abuja/|title=Doctors protest stripping of colleague naked in Abuja|work=Punch Newspapers|date=16 January 2020|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1309705-eleanor-nwadinobi-meet-woman-fighting-tirelessly-womens-rights.html|title=Nigerian Nwadinobi is head of 100-yr-old int'l group fighting for women's rights|author=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2020-03-09|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> == ndabere == Nna Eleanor bụ onye [[Ȯra Abia|Abia State]], Nigeria, ma nne ya bụ onye [[Jamaikạ|Jamaica]] . Ha abụọ zutere na [[London|Lọndọn]] mgbe nna ya na-agụ ọgwụ anụmanụ na Mahadum London na nne ya n'oge ahụ na-azụ ọzụzụ ịbụ nọọsụ. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche n'ihi ọrụ nna ya na nkwụsị nke [[Nigerian Civil War|agha obodo Naijiria]] . Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Queen, Enugwu; Ụlọ akwụkwọ Saint Louis Grammar, Ibadan; na International School, University of Ibadan. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum Naijiria, Nsukka]] . Ọ nwetara nzere masta na ikike mmadụ na European Inter-University Center dị na Venice, Italy. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/i-was-charmed-by-my-husbands-focus-humility-nwadinobi-medical-womens-international-association-president-elect/|title=I was charmed by my husband's focus, humility–Nwadinobi, Medical Women's International Association President-elect|work=Punch Newspapers|date=24 August 2019|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-edeba aha anestetiiki na UK. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ n'okpuru South East Kent Health Authority, gụnyere Dover, Folkestone na Ashford. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na òtù ndị ruuru mmadụ iji kwado megide idina mmadụ n'ike, [[Ibe nwaanyị ugwu|FGM]] na omume ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ megide ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/foundation-adopts-entertainment-tackle-fgm/|title=Foundation adopts entertainment to tackle FGM|date=2018-02-07|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Windows Development Organisation. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/06/violence-is-a-public-health-emergency-dr-nwadinobi/|title=Violence is a public health emergency — Dr Nwadinobi|date=2019-06-20|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/07/not-yet-uhuru-with-widows-rights-eleanor-nwadinobi/|title=Not Yet Uhuru with Widows' Rights - Eleanor Nwadinobi|date=2012-07-26|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> Ọ bụ/bụ onye so na kọmitii na-ahụ maka Nkwekọrịta Nwanyị ọ bụla bụ nke kwadoro iwu mmachibido iwu ime ihe ike megide mmadụ bụ nke ewepụtara gụnyere ntaramahụhụ maka omume ọdịnala na-emerụ ahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/activists-campaign-treaty-end-violence-against-women|title=Activists Campaign for Treaty to End Violence Against Women {{!}} Voice of America - English|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-11|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203820/https://www.voanews.com/science-health/activists-campaign-treaty-end-violence-against-women|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/activists-campaign-for-treaty-to-end-violence-against-women/2019/03/04/1f7be3d4-3ef1-11e9-85ad-779ef05fd9d8_story.html|title=Activists campaign for treaty to end violence against women|author=AP|first=Edith M. Lederer {{!}}|work=Washington Post|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-11}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nwadinobi, Eleanor}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h434pp2jas55be31l8trxpoj891569c 0 38768 727893 632229 2026-09-25T10:16:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727893 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}}     '''Josephine Ejiroghene Oniyama''' (amụrụ 1983 na Manchester ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/united-kingdom-records-in-birth-marriage-death-and-parish-records/and_births-and-baptisms?firstname=josephine&firstname_variants=true&lastname=oniyama|title=findmypast.co.uk|work=search.findmypast.co.uk|accessdate=2016-09-07}}</ref> bụ onye na-agụ abụ Bekee. O wepụtala ọba atọ na ọtụtụ ndị otu. <ref name="josephineoniyama_b">{{Cite web|title=Josephine Oniyama|url=http://josephineoniyama.com/josephineoniyama/Josephine_Oniyama/Home.html|accessdate=29 July 2013|archivedate=4 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804175926/http://www.josephineoniyama.com/josephineoniyama/Josephine_Oniyama/Home.html}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == N'ịbụ onye bi na mpaghara Manchester nke Hulme, Oniyama tolitere na omenala West Africa mara mma <ref name="josephineoniyama">{{Cite web|title=Biography|url=http://josephineoniyama.com/josephineoniyama/Josephine_Oniyama/Biog.html|publisher=Solar Management|accessdate=29 July 2013|archivedate=29 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729073754/http://www.josephineoniyama.com/josephineoniyama/Josephine_Oniyama/Biog.html}}</ref> jikọtara ya na nnukwu ihe nketa egwu nke Manchester, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Simpson|first=Dave|title=Has Manchester forgotten about its musical heritage?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/jul/04/manchester-music|work=The Guardian|accessdate=29 July 2013|date=4 July 2011}}</ref> nke kpụrụ ụdị ya. <ref name="josephineoniyama" /> Ọ nọ na-egwu gigs ka ọ dị afọ 15. <ref name="josephineoniyama" /> N'ime afọ kọleji ya , Sista Rosetta Tharpe, Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, na [[Bob Marley]] nwere mmetụta ọzọ. <ref name="josephineoniyama" /> O nwere mgbọrọgwụ Jamaica na [[Naijiria]] nke na-egosipụta na egwu ya, nke na-ekpuchi ụdị sitere na ozi ọma na obodo ruo egwu mkpụrụ obi. Na 2002 Oniyama weputara album izizi ''ya A SMALLER VERSION OF THE REAL THING site'' na Storm music Ltd.Steve Long/Dewsbury. onye mmeri n'egwu Oniyama zipụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ redio niile na UK n'echiche na ọ bụ Odetta narị afọ nke 21, afọ 10 gachara na 2012 Oniyama wepụtara ''Portrait'' nke abụọ ya nke Leo Abrahams mepụtara. <ref name="josephineoniyama"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=We Plug To You… Josephine – Portrait|url=http://www.wepluggoodmusic.com/2012/12/19/we-plug-to-you-josephine-portrait/|date=19 December 2012|accessdate=18 July 2013|archivedate=25 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025071004/http://www.wepluggoodmusic.com/2012/12/19/we-plug-to-you-josephine-portrait/}}</ref> Ndekọ a nwekwara ihe jikọrọ ya na Jimmy Hogarth na Ed Harcourt. <ref name="josephineoniyama" /> Ndị otu "Gịnị bụ ụbọchị" na "Ịhụnanya mbụ" (A-depụtara na BBC Radio 2 ) bu ụzọ tupu album ahụ. The album natara nti reviews si ''The Guardian'', <ref>{{Cite news|title=Josephine: Portrait – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/oct/07/josephine-oniyama-portrait-review|accessdate=29 July 2013|work=The Guardian|first=Neil|author=Spencer|date=7 October 2012}}</ref> ''The Times'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Josephine at Bush Hall, W12|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/music/livereviews/article3681334.ece|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> ''The Mirror'', <ref name="josephineoniyama_a">{{Cite web|title=Josephine Oniyama Press|url=http://josephineoniyama.com/josephineoniyama/Josephine_Oniyama/Press.html|accessdate=29 July 2013|archivedate=21 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621112205/http://josephineoniyama.com/josephineoniyama/Josephine_Oniyama/Press.html}}</ref> ''Q'' <ref name="josephineoniyama_a" /> na ''Mojo'' . <ref name="josephineoniyama_a" /> A na-akpọ otu "Portrait" na Redio 2 wee wepụta ya n'ihe dịka otu oge na album ahụ. Oniyama pụtara na 'E mesịa ya na Jools Holland' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode 5 Series 41|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01nmm1l|publisher=BBC Two [[Later... with Jools Holland]]|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> na ''Andrew Marr Show'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Andrew Marr Show|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/galleries/p00pghv0|work=BBC One, The Andrew Marr Show|publisher=BBC One|accessdate=29 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621011701/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/galleries/p00pghv0|archive-date=21 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ma na-adịbeghị anya mere na Glastonbury na BBC2. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Oniyama|first=Josephine|title=Glastonbury: Music's Pop-up Town|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/josephine/josephine-glastonburymusics-pop-up-_b_3612967.html|work=Huffington Post|date=18 July 2013|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> Na 2012 Oniyama kwadoro Paolo Nutini, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Paolo Nutini Thursday 2nd June|url=http://www.kinggeorgeshall.com/kghblog/?p=171|work=King Georges Hall Blog|publisher=King Georges Hall|accessdate=29 July 2013|archivedate=29 July 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130729171551/http://www.kinggeorgeshall.com/kghblog/?p=171}}</ref> Michael Kiwanuka, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael Kiwanuka @ Junction, Cambridge, 22 May 2012|url=http://www.musicomh.com/music/photos/michael-kiwanuka/|work=Music OMH Blog|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> Rodrigo y Gabriella <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rodrigo Y Gabriela confirm Olympia Theatre Dublin 2012 live concert date for Sunday August 26th!|url=http://musicscene.ie/2012/07/rodrigo-y-gabriela-confirm-olympia-theatre-dublin-2012-live-concert-date-for-sunday-august-26th/|work=Music Scene Blog|publisher=Music Scene|date=24 July 2012|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> na The Noisettes na egwu egwu ndụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stone|first=Richard|title=Noisettes (Interview & Review)|url=http://oxideradio.co.uk/blog/noisettes-live/|work=Oxide - Oxford Student Radio|publisher=Oxford University|accessdate=29 July 2013|archivedate=12 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312135833/http://oxideradio.co.uk/blog/noisettes-live/}}</ref> Ya na Paloma Faith <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Josephine will bring strong support to Paloma Faith tour|journal=South Wales Argus|date=4 January 2013|url=http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/leisure/entertainments/10141760.Josephine_will_bring_strong_support_to_Paloma_Faith_tour/|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> gara njem nlegharị anya UK na mbido 2013 yana ime njem nlegharị anya nke ya na Eprel 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Josephine brings her first UK headline tour to Manchester|url=http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/entertainment-chester/news-reviews/2013/04/03/josephine-brings-her-first-uk-headline-tour-to-manchester-59067-33104273/|work=Chester Chronicle|publisher=Ellesmere Port Pioneer|accessdate=29 July 2013|archivedate=21 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721082232/http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/entertainment-chester/news-reviews/2013/04/03/josephine-brings-her-first-uk-headline-tour-to-manchester-59067-33104273/}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ya na 2013 gụnyere Glastonbury, <ref name="josephineoniyama_b"/> T na Park, <ref name="josephineoniyama_b" /> Latitude <ref name="josephineoniyama_b" /> na Electric picnic . <ref name="josephineoniyama_b" /> E wepụtara ''Portrait'' album na [[Jémanị|Germany]], [[Austria]] na [[Switzerland]] na 5 Julaị 2013. <ref name="josephineoniyama_b"/> Na 2015 o nyere aka site n'ịbụ abụ na abụ anọ na jazz album ''Into Forever site'' na Matthew Halsall &amp;amp; The Gondwana Orchestra . N'afọ 2016, Oniyama pụtara na album nke asatọ nke Scottish band Travis, ''Ihe niile n'otu oge'' . A na-egosi ya na egwu "Idlewild". Na Nọvemba 2022, o wepụtara ọba ya nke atọ, ''Kindred.'' == ewepụtara == * "Bus of Life" (Single) Ihe ndekọ mmadụ jọrọ njọ 2001 * "Bịa gburugburu" (Single) Ihe ndekọ mmadụ jọrọ njọ 2001 * ''Mpempe akwụkwọ nke ezigbo ihe'' (Album) Storm Records 2002 * "Na Labyrinth" (Single EP) Island Records 2008 * "Nkeji ikpeazụ" ( otu ), Igbe ndekọ / Rubyworks, 2013 * ''Eserese'' (abụọ), Igbe ndekọ / Rubyworks, 2012 * "Portrait" (otu), Igbe ndekọ / Rubyworks, 2012 * "Ịhụnanya mbụ" (Na-alụbeghị di), Ndekọ Igbe / Rubyworks, 2012 * "Gịnị bụ ụbọchị" (otu), Igbe ndekọ / Rubyworks, 2012 * "'Til You" (otu otu), Igbe ndekọ / Rubyworks, 2017 * ''Kindred'' (album), ụda nke ndekọ anyanwụ, 2022 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2002_39_thu_04.shtml Josephine Oniyama] na ''awa nwanyị'', 26 Septemba 2002. * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/world/onyourstreet/msjosephine1.shtml "Ụwa N'okporo ámá Gị"], BBC Radio 3 . [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4pbi3q2mudm4nhqgx7ulyc3jfnfew3e 0 39006 727846 208593 2026-09-25T06:51:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Jamila Bey''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1976) bụ onye nta akụkọ Amerika na ọkà okwu ihu ọha. <ref name="ssa">{{Cite web|title=Jamila Bey {{!}} Secular Student Alliance|url=https://www.secularstudents.org/speakers/JamilaBey|publisher=[[Secular Student Alliance]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830123053/https://www.secularstudents.org/speakers/JamilaBey|archivedate=2013-08-30|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> bụ onye na-akwado mmemme redio kwa izu Mmekọahụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na oge okpukpe: SPAR na Jamila na Voice nke Russia, [1] ma na-ede maka blọọgụ The Washington Post, She the People. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/blog-contributors/|title=She the People - Blog contributors|work=[[Washington Post]]|accessdate=2014-10-01|archive-date=2012-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214192359/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/blog-contributors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tupu <ref name="ssa" /> rụọ ọrụ na Washington Post na Voice of Russia, Bey nọrọ ihe dị ka afọ iri na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka National Public Radio, gụnyere maka Mbipụta ụtụtụ. Ọ bụ onye Afrika Amerika. Bey bụkwa onye na-ekweghị na Chineke, <ref name="mf">{{Cite news|title=Jamila Bey|url=http://www.memphisflyer.com/memphis/jamila-bey/Event?oid=3036705|accessdate=6 October 2013|work=Memphis Flyer|date=21 August 2011}}</ref> onye kwupụtara n'ihu ọha na ọ kwenyere na okpukpe na-emebi ndị Afrika Amerika, na-atụ aro na okpukpe abụọ nyere aka n'ịgba ohu anụ ahụ nke ndị Afrika Amerika. <ref name="tr">{{Cite news|author=Desmond-Harris|first=Jenee|title=On Black Atheism: Jamila Bey|url=http://www.theroot.com/views/black-atheism-jamila-bey|accessdate=6 October 2013|work=The Root|date=4 December 2011}}</ref> <ref name="AAHumanism_WeAreAAH">{{Cite web|title=Announcing the We Are AAH Campaign|url=http://www.aahumanism.net/announcements/view/announcing_the_we_are_aah_campaign|work=aahumanism.net|accessdate=3 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203181541/http://www.aahumanism.net/announcements/view/announcing_the_we_are_aah_campaign|archivedate=3 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{Cite news|author=Brennan|first=Emily|title=The Unbelievers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/fashion/african-american-atheists.html?pagewanted=2|accessdate=6 October 2013|work=The New York Times|date=27 November 2011}}</ref> na-emegide njirimara a na ahụkarị nke Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ dị ka nke okpukpe, na ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na chọọchị na-etinye aka nke ukwuu na òtù ahụ, "ndị mmadụ rụrụ ọrụ niile. " [1] Mgbasa ozi 2012 nke Ndị AAfrika Amerika Maka Humanism debere bọọdụ mgbasa ozi na-egosi Bey na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ike na ndị nhazi nke oge a n'akụkụ ndị Afrika Amerika a ma ama [[Zora Neale Hurston]], Langston Hughes, na Frederick Douglass. [2] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/in-a-first-atheist-activist-addresses-conservative-conference/2015/02/26/8c5447e0-bdfd-11e4-9dfb-03366e719af8_story.html|title=In a first, atheist activist addresses conservative conference|work=The Washington Post|date=2015-02-26|accessdate=2015-02-28}}</ref>'afọ 2015, Bey ghọrọ onye mbụ na-ekweghị na Chineke na ekwu okwu na nzukọ kwa afọ nke Conservative Political Action Conference. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240314102709/http://sparwithjamila.com/ Spar na Jamila] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1eo7njkrzrxzs3ruq5jh31q8dyedkun 0 39010 727676 184730 2026-09-24T17:57:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Eunetta T. Boone (c. 1955 - Machị 20, 2019) bụ onye odee na onye nrụpụta ihe onyonyo nke America. Ọ bụ onye okike na onye edemede nke ọtụtụ usoro telivishọn na, n'oge ọnwụ ya, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na onye isi [[:en:Showrunner|showrunner]] maka oge nke atọ nke [[:en:Disney_Channel|Disney Channel]] usoro ''[[:en:Raven's_Home|Raven's Home]]''.''' == Ndụ na ọrụ == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2005-12-25-0512280438-story,amp.html|title=Imagine, If You Will|author=Mcnatt|first=Glenn|date=December 25, 2005|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|accessdate=March 22, 2019|quote=I grew up in an urban situation that one might call the ghetto, but it didn't feel like that, because my mother and father worked so hard to see that my sister and I were culturally enriched.|archivedate=March 22, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322072224/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2005-12-25-0512280438-story,amp.html}}</ref> mụrụ Boone na Washington, D.C. Nne na nna ya mere ka o doo anya na a zụlitere ya na nwanne ya nwanyị "n'ụzọ ọdịbendị bara ọgaranya". Boone gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere na oru nta akuko na Mahadum Maryland na Nna-ukwu nke Sayensị na oru nta akuko na Mahadum Columbia. <ref name="DHBoone">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/eunetta-t-boone-dead-one-on-one-creator-ravens-home-obituary-1202580233/|title=Eunetta T. Boone Dies: "One On One" Creator, "Raven's Home" Showrunner Was 63|author=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=March 21, 2019|publisher=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=March 22, 2019}}</ref> bụ Onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mbipụta mgbede nke The Baltimore Sun, nwanyị Afrika Amerika mbụ nwere ọnọdụ ahụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. [1] N'afọ 1990, Boone mere mgbanwe ọrụ site na ịde egwuregwu mgbe ọ na-eme ihe omumu ihe onyonyo nke Maryland Film Commission nyere. O mechara soro na a Warner Bros. ide akwụkwọ na ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ na ọtụtụ usoro, dị ka ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'', ''Roc'', and ''The Parent 'Hood''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-07-18-0107180058-story.html|title=UPN sitcom to be set in Baltimore|author=Zurawik|first=David|date=July 18, 2001|work=The Baltimore Sun|language=en-US|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye nrụpụta ọrụ wee jee ozi n'otu oge na ihe ngosi hit abụọ for 20th Century Fox and Disney's Touchstone Television, ''The Hughleys'' na ''My Wife and Kids''. Nke a mere ka Boone mepụta usoro ihe nkiri nke ya, ''One on One'' na ihe kpatara ya, ''Cuts''.<ref name="TBSBoone">{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/tv/z-on-tv-blog/bs-fe-zontv-eunetta-boone-obit-20190321-story.html|title=Eunetta T. Boone, Hollywood producer and former Evening Sun sportswriter, dies|author=Zurawik|first=David|date=March 21, 2019|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|accessdate=March 22, 2019|archivedate=March 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327184502/https://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/tv/z-on-tv-blog/bs-fe-zontv-eunetta-boone-obit-20190321-story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebony.com/news/one-on-one-creator-eunata-boone-dead-63/|title='One on One' Creator Eunetta Boone Dead at 63|author=Santi|first=Christina|date=March 22, 2019|work=EBONY|language=en-US|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}</ref> UPN canceled ''One on One'' and ''Cuts'' in 2006.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RyEPeFB8DzAC&pg=PA262|title=TV Year: The Prime Time 2005–2006 Season|author=Muir|first=John Kenneth|date=May 1, 2007|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=9781557836847|pages=262|language=en}}</ref> Boone dekwara ihe nkiri a kpọrọ Who Is Doris Payne? <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2019/03/eunetta-t-boone-tv-producer-writer-and-one-on-one-creator-dead-at-63|title=Eunetta T. Boone, TV Producer And Writer, Dead At 63|author=Muhammad|first=Latifah|date=March 21, 2019|work=Vibe|language=en|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/tessa-thompson-lands-another-incredible-role/|title=Tessa Thompson Lands Another Incredible Role|author=Swanson|first=Anna|date=February 14, 2018|work=Film School Rejects|language=en-US|accessdate=March 23, 2019|archivedate=March 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323192916/https://filmschoolrejects.com/tessa-thompson-lands-another-incredible-role/}}</ref> ọ na erule afọ 2018, ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ banyere onye ohi ọla Doris Payne nọgidere na emepe emepe ihe karịrị afọ iri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-171444-3|title=Long Shot: My Bipolar Life and the Horses Who Saved Me|date=December 20, 2010|work=Publishers Weekly|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/sylvia-harris/long-shot-bipolar-life/|title=''Long Shot'' by Sylvia Harris , Eunetta T. Boone|date=December 30, 2010|work=Kirkus Reviews|language=en}}</ref>'afọ 2011, Ecco Press bipụtara akụkọ ndụ nke onye na agba ịnyịnya Sylvia Harris nke Boone na William H. Boulware dere. Site na 2007 ruo 2013, Boone bụ onye nkuzi edemede na ekwusi ike na edemede na UCLA Extension Writers' Program. <ref name="TBSBoone"/><ref name="DHBoone"/> gara n'ihu bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ Raven-Symoné maka usoro Raven's Home ma bụrụ onye na emepụta ya na onye na egosi ya maka oge nke atọ na abịanụ. <ref name="DHBoone" /> mechiri mmepụta ahụ nwa oge mgbe ọnwụ Boone gasịrị. == Ọnwụ == Boone nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi pụtara ìhè n'ụlọ ya Los Angeles na Maachị 20, 2019. Ọ dị afọ 63..<ref name="DHBoone"/><ref name="TBSBoone"/> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ |- |1992 |''Nwa Eze Ọhụrụ nke Bel-Air'' |Onye edemede<ref name=":2" /> |- |1992–1993 |''Nkume'' |Onye edemede<ref name=":2" /> |- |1994–1996 |''Ịdị Nwe'' |Onye <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QsEtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28|title=The Evolution of Black Women in Television: Mammies, Matriarchs and Mistresses|author=Cheers|first=Imani M.|date=July 20, 2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781315511238|pages=28|language=en}}</ref>-emepụta ihe [1] <ref name="TBSBoone"/> |- |1996 |''Ndụ Lush'' |<ref name=":2" /> <ref name="TBSBoone" />-emepụta ihe na onye edemede |- |1997–1998 |''Nne na Nna 'Hood'' |Onye edemede[<ref name="TBSBoone" />] |- |1998–2000 |''Ndị Hughley'' |<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/mar/28/entertainment/ca-43424/|title=No One's Laughing About ABC's Sitcom Skirmish|author=Braxton|first=Greg|date=March 28, 2001|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.multichannel.com/news/ravens-home-showrunner-eunetta-boone-dies|title='Raven's Home' Showrunner Eunetta Boone Dies|author=Umstead|first=R. Thomas|date=March 21, 2019|work=Multichannel|language=en-us|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}</ref>-emepụta ihe [1] [2] |- |2001 |''Nwunye m na Ụmụ m'' |<ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" />-emepụta ihe [1] [2] |- |2001–2006 |''Otu n'ime Otu'' |Onye okike <ref name=":3"/> onye na-egosi ihe nkiri <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/eunetta-boone-showrunner-one-on-one-ravens-home-dead-63-1203169771/|title=Eunetta Boone, Showrunner and Creator of 'One on One,' Dies at 63|author=Littleton|first=Cynthia|date=March 22, 2019|work=Variety|language=en|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}</ref> |- |2005–2006 |''Mbelata'' |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/eunetta-t-boone/credits/235747|title=Eunetta T. Boone: Credits|work=TV Guide|language=en|accessdate=March 23, 2019|archive-date=March 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323195118/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/eunetta-t-boone/credits/235747|url-status=dead}}</ref> okike onye na-egosi ihe nkiri [1] [2] |- |2019 |''Ebe Obibi Raven'' |Onye <ref name="DHBoone"/>-emepụta ihe [1] |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == cbh0yo2096lpe7z5v7c2u7zh7vsg51r 0 39087 727653 696746 2026-09-24T16:07:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Emiliana Arango''' ( </link> ; amuru 28 Novemba 2000) bu onye egwuregwu tennis Colombia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=WTA Profile|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/324789/emiliana-arango|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> O nwere ogo alụlụ dị elu nke ụwa nke 109, enwetara na 20 Nọvemba 2023. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ meriri utu aha otu atọ na ITF Circuit . <ref>{{Cite web|title=ITF Profile|url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/emiliana-arango/800412438/col/wt/s/overview/|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> N'ịgba ndị otu Colombia Fed Cup, Arango nwere ndekọ mmeri-mfu nke 11–8. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fed Cup Profile|url=https://www.fedcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800412438|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> == Obere ọrụ == === Grand Slam arụmọrụ === Ndị na-alụbeghị di * Australian Open: - * French mepere emepe: 2R (2017) * Wimbledon: 1R (2016, 2017) * US meghere: SF (2017) Ugboro abụọ * Australian Open: - * French mepere emepe: 2R (2017) * Wimbledon: QF (2017) * US meghere: QF (2017) Na ITF Junior Circuit, Arango nwere ọkwa dị elu nke ụwa No. 8, nwetara na Jenụwarị 2018. N'ime otu, ọ ruru ọkara ikpeazụ na 2017 Junior US Open . Na okpukpu abụọ, ọ ruru nkeji nkeji abụọ, ma na 2017, na Wimbledon na US Open, n'otu n'otu. Mgbe ọ dị obere, ọ meriri otu atọ na otu ugboro abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Junior ITF Profile|url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/emiliana-arango/800412438/col/jt/s/overview/|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Arango mere ya WTA Tour otu mpụta mbụ na 2016 Copa Colsanitas, ebe ọ meriri na agba nke mbụ Irina Falconi, na-emeri naanị otu egwuregwu. Na 2018 Copa Colsanitas, o nwetara mmeri mbụ ya na njem nlegharị anya na mmeri atọ setịpụrụ na mkpụrụ nke anọ Verónica Cepede Royg si Paraguay. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Emiliana Arango ganó su primer partido WTA|date=11 April 2018|url=https://www.elespectador.com/deportes/tenis/emiliana-arango-gano-su-primer-partido-wta-articulo-749543|work=El Espectador|pages=|access-date=15 March 2024|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410144924/https://www.elespectador.com/deportes/tenis/emiliana-arango-gano-su-primer-partido-wta-articulo-749543|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2022: Grand Slam mpụta mbụ === Arango banyere asọmpi Grand Slam na nke mbụ na asọmpi ntozu French Open na 2022, ọ zọkwara asọmpi wee tuo ya na iru eru na asọmpi Wimbledon . === 2023: WTA 125 semifinal, WTA 1000 mpụta mbụ, mmeri nke mbụ 30 na nkeji nkeji, kacha 125 === Arango ruru ọkara ikpeazụ na 2023 Copa Oster, na-efunahụ onye mmeri ikpeazụ Nadia Podoroska n'usoro kwụ ọtọ. N'ịbụ onye natara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù San Luis Open Challenger, ọ ruru nkeji iri na ise. Arango nwetakwara kaadị egwu maka asọmpi ntozu maka Open Madrid . O ruru eru maka Open Catalonia, na na isi ihe osise, ọ meriri na agba nke abụọ na Jil Teichmann . Arango batara wee tufuo na ntozu na Roland Garros na na ntozu na Wimbledon . Na Open Guadalajara, o meriri mkpụrụ nke iri na otu Anastasia Potapova maka mmeri mbụ ya na WTA 1000 na top-30. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/3690203/arango-upsets-potapova-in-guadalajara-opener-for-first-top-30-win|title=Arango upsets Potapova in Guadalajara opener for first Top 30 win}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3690149/vickery-advances-after-collins-retires-bencic-withdraws|title=Vickery advances after Collins retires; Bencic withdraws}}</ref> Na-esote, o meriri Sloane Stephens n'usoro kwụ ọtọ n'otu awa iji ruo agba nke iri na isii nke asọmpi WTA 1000 maka oge mbụ na mpụta mbụ ya na ọkwa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3690613/five-things-to-know-about-colombia-s-emiliana-arango|title=Five things to know about Colombia's Emiliana Arango}}</ref> Na-esote, o meriri Taylor Townsend iru na nkeji iri na ise nke mmemme njem WTA maka oge mbụ. Ọ ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ Colombia mbụ mere WTA 1000 quarterfinal kemgbe Fabiola Zuluaga na Berlin 2004. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3690613/five-things-to-know-about-colombia-s-emiliana-arango|title=Five things to know about Colombia's Emiliana Arango}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ọ kwagara ọkwa 60 n'ọkwa 120 kachasị elu na ọkwa otu na 25 Septemba 2023. == Ogologo oge arụmọrụ == {{Performance key}}''Naanị nsonaazụ ihe dị na njem WTA, asọmpi Grand Slam, Billie Jean King Cup, iko United, iko Hopman na egwuregwu Olympic ka etinyere na ndekọ mmeri-nfu.'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Emiliana Arango [COL] &#124; French Open|url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/players/38581-e.arango|accessdate=12 June 2022|work=French Open}}</ref> === Ndị na-alụbeghị di === ''Ugbu a site na 2023 Cluj Open .'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tournament !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 !2020 !2021 !2022 !2023 !2024 !{{Abbr|SR|Strike rate}} !{{Abbr|W–L|Win–loss}} !Win % |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:left" |'''Grand Slam tournaments''' |- | style="text-align:left" |Australian Open |A |A |A |A |A |A |A |A | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q1 |0 / 0 |0–0 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=0|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left" |French Open |A |A |A |A |A |A | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q1 | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q2 | |0 / 0 |0–0 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=0|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left" |Wimbledon |A |A |A |A |NH |A | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q1 | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q3 | |0 / 0 |0–0 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=0|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left" |US Open |A |A |A |A |A |A |A | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q2 | |0 / 0 |0–0 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=0|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold" | style="text-align:left" |Win–loss |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 | |0 / 0 |0–0 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=0|integer=yes}} |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:left" |'''National representation''' |- | style="text-align:left" |Billie Jean King Cup{{efn|Formerly known as Fed Cup until 2020.|name=BJKP}} | style="background:#ecf2ff" |Z1 |A | style="background:#ecf2ff" |Z1 | style="background:#ecf2ff" |Z1 | colspan="2" style="background:#ecf2ff" |Z1{{Efn|Edition is split into the two years due to COVID-19.|name=BJKC2020_21}} |A | style="background:#ecf2ff" |''PO'' | |0 / 0 |9–6 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=9|lost=6|integer=yes}} |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:left" |'''WTA 1000''' |- | style="text-align:left" |Miami Open |A |A | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q1 |A | style="color:#767676" |NH |A |A |A | |0 / 0 |0–0 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=0|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left" |Madrid Open |A |A |A |A | style="color:#767676" |NH |A |A | style="background:#f0f8ff" |Q2 | |0 / 0 |0–0 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=0|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left" |Guadalajara Open | colspan="6" style="color:#767676" |NH |A | style="background:#ffebcd" |QF | |0 / 1 |3–1 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=3|lost=1|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold" | style="text-align:left" |Win–loss |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |0–0 |3–1 | |0 / 1 |3–1 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=3|lost=1|integer=yes}} |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:left" |'''Career statistics''' |- style="background:#efefef" | style="text-align:left" |Tournaments |1 |1 |1 |1 |0{{Efn|During the season, she did not play in the main-draw of any WTA Tour-level tournaments. However, she played at the [[Billie Jean King Cup]], which is not counted as a played tournament but as matches counted.|name=Zero_tournaments}} |1 |0 |4 | | colspan="3" |'''Career total: 9''' |- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold" | style="text-align:left" |Titles |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | | colspan="3" |Career total: 0 |- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold" | style="text-align:left" |Finals |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | | colspan="3" |Career total: 0 |- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold" | style="text-align:left" |Overall win–loss |2–2 |0–1 |3–2 |0–4 |2–1 |0–1 |0–0 |11–4 | |0 / 9 |18–15 |{{Tennis win percentage|won=18|lost=15|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#efefef" | style="text-align:left" |Year-end ranking |826 |494 |437 |599 |493 |249 |377 |116 | | colspan="3" |'''$339,246''' |} == Agba ikpeazụ ITF Circuit == === Ndị na-alụbeghị di: 6 (aha 3, ndị na-agba ọsọ 3) === {| | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%" !Akụkọ mgbe ochie |- style="background:lightblue;" | Asọmpi $25,000 (2–2) |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Asọmpi $10/15,000 (1–1) |} | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%" ! Agba ikpeazụ site n'elu |- | siri ike (1-1) |- | Ụrọ (2–2) |} |} {| class="sortable wikitable" !Result ! class="unsortable" |W–L !Date !Tournament !Tier !Surface !Opponent ! class="unsortable" |Score |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |<small>0–1</small> |Oct 2016 | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |ITF Pereira, Colombia | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |10,000 |Clay |{{flagicon|COL}} [[María Herazo González]] |3–6, 2–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |<small>1–1</small> |Jun 2017 | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |ITF Antalya, Turkey | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |15,000 |Clay |{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Vlada Ekshibarova]] |6–2, 6–3 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |<small>1–2</small> |Aug 2017 | style="background:lightblue;" |ITF Fort Worth, United States | style="background:lightblue;" |25,000 |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Katerina Stewart]] |4–6, 1–6 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>2–2</small> |Sep 2021 | bgcolor="lightblue" |Open Medellín, Colombia | bgcolor="lightblue" |25,000 |Clay |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Laura Pigossi]] |6–0, 6–0 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>3–2</small> |Oct 2021 | bgcolor="lightblue" |ITF Florence, United States | bgcolor="lightblue" |25,000 |Hard |{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Xiyu]] |6–3, 0–6, 7–6⁽⁰⁾ |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |<small>3–3</small> |Mar 2023 | bgcolor="lightblue" |ITF Mosquera, Colombia | bgcolor="lightblue" |25,000 |Clay |{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Sinja Kraus]] |7–6⁽⁴⁾, 6–7⁽⁶⁾, 3–6 |} === Ugboro abụọ: 2 (2 ndị na-agba ọsọ) === {| | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%" !Akụkọ mgbe ochie |- style="background:lightblue;" | Asọmpi $25,000 (0–2) |} | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%" ! Agba ikpeazụ site n'elu |- | Ụrọ (0–2) |} |} {| class="sortable wikitable" !Nsonaazụ ! class="unsortable" | W–L ! Ụbọchị ! Asọmpi ! Ọkwa ! Elu ! Onye mmekọ ! Ndị mmegide ! class="unsortable" | Akara |- | bgcolor="ffa07a" | Ọnwụ | <small>0–1</small> | Ọgọst 2019 | bgcolor="lightblue" | ITF Guayaquil, Ecuador | bgcolor="lightblue" | 25,000 | Ụrọ |</img> [[Katerina Stewart]] |</img>[[Hsu Chieh-yu]]<br /><br /><br /><br /></img>[[Marcela Zacarías]] | 4–6, 2–6 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" | Ọnwụ | <small>0–2</small> | Ọkt 2019 | bgcolor="lightblue" | ITF Cúcuta, Colombia | bgcolor="lightblue" | 25,000 | Ụrọ |</img> [[Victoria Bosio]] |</img>[[Carolina Alves (tennis)|Carolina Alves]]<br /><br /><br /><br /></img>[[Renata Zarazua]] | 1–6, ret. |} == Ndekọ isi na isi == === Dekọọ megide ndị egwuregwu iri kacha elu === ''Ndekọ Arango megide ndị egwuregwu etinyegoro na 10 kacha elu.'' ''Ndị na-eme egwuregwu nọ na '''ihu nkwuwa okwu''' .'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Head to Head|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/head-to-head/318425/|accessdate=14 February 2021|work=Wtatennis.com}}</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center" !Onye ọkpụkpọ ! width="60" | Dekọọ ! Mmeri % ! width="60" | siri ike ! width="60" | Ụrọ ! width="60" | Ahịhịa ! Egwuregwu ikpeazụ |- bgcolor="efefef" |- bgcolor="efefef" class="sortbottom" | align="left" | Ọnụọgụ 2 ndị egwu họọrọ | colspan="6" | |- | align="left" | </img> '''Vera Zvonareva''' | 1–0 | bgcolor="lime" | 100% | - | 1–0 | - | align="left" bgcolor="ccffcc" | Ha meriri (6–3, 6–1) na 2023 Catalonia mepere |- bgcolor="efefef" class="sortbottom" | align="left" | Ọnụọgụ 3 ndị egwu họọrọ | colspan="6" | |- | align="left" | </img> '''Sloane Stephens''' | 1–0 | bgcolor="lime" | 100% | 1–0 | - | - | align="left" bgcolor="ccffcc" | Ha meriri (6–1, 6–2) na 2023 Guadalajara Open Akron |- | align="left" | </img> '''Maria Sakkari''' | 0–1 | bgcolor="FFA07A" | 0% | 0–1 | - | - | align="left" bgcolor="ebc2af" | Echefuru 3-6, 4-6 na 2023 Guadalajara Open Akron |- |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;background:#efefef" | Mkpokọta | 2–1 | 67% | 1–1<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>( 50% )</small> | 1–0<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>( 100% )</small> | -<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>( - )</small> | Statistics correct as of 22 Septemba 2023 [ mmelite ] . |} == Ihe ndetu == {{Notelist}} . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Emiliana Arango at the Women's Tennis Association * Emiliana Arango at the International Tennis Federation * Emiliana Arango at the Billie Jean King Cup {{DEFAULTSORT:Arango, Emiliana}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j8fw0kn0db8gt9xp9ovrlvttlm0ywa9 0 39434 727860 156163 2026-09-25T07:54:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Jennie Carter''' (ihe dị ka - Ọgọst 1881) bụ onye nta akụkọ America na onye edemede nke dere maka akwụkwọ akụkọ [[California]] Afrikan-Amerikan The ''Elevator'' site n'ụlọ ya na Nevada County, California n'oge Oge Nrụgharị. O jiri aha mkpịsị aka Anna J. Trask na Semper Fidelis. Ọrụ ya kpuchiri isiokwu dị iche iche, gụnyere Ịgba ohu, Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, njide onwe onye, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mbata na ọpụpụ, ma gbasaa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 n'obodo ndị isi ojii n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ America na mba niile. Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu, site na mbipụta nke edemede ya, ọrụ ya malitere ịnata nlebara anya. == Oge ọ malitere == [[Usòrò:View_of_New_Orleans_1840.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|View of New Orleans 1840]] Ihe ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị iche iche ma a mụrụ Carter na New York City ma ọ bụ New Orleans. A mụrụ ya dị ka onye nwere onwe ya na 1830 ma ọ bụ 1831 ma kwenyere na ọ nọrọ na New Orleans na New York na nwata na [[Kentórkị|Kentucky]] na [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]]. Nne ya nwụrụ na nwata, nne nne ya zụlitere ya. N'ime edemede ya na The ''Elevator'', ọ na-akọwa oge ọ bụ nwata nke ọ hụrụ n'anya ịgụ akwụkwọ ma bụrụ "onye nwere mmasị na egwu," na adịghị ewere "ọnọdụ nwa agbọghọ na ọha mmadụ ruo mgbe m kwadebere ruo ọtụtụ afọ. " <ref name="Carter">Eric Gardner , ''Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 1, 2007, p. 7</ref> N'otu ihe mere, ọ na'otu ihe merenụ, ọ na na ekwu na ọ na ezo n'ụlọ elu ma na egwuri egwu naanị ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, onye nwere ike ịhụ ya. Carter nwere nwanne nwanyị nke ọ tọrọ, onye nwụrụ n'Ọrịa ọkpụkpụ azụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Carter mechara dee na ''Igwe mbuli elu'' banyere otú o''Elevator'' si dị ya n'ihi na ọ kụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị izu atọ tupu ya anwụọ, na eji ihe merenụ dụọ ndị na-agụ ya ọdụ ka ha zere iwe. [[Usòrò:Fugitive_slave_1850.jpg|thumb|Carter nyeere ndị ohu na-agba ọsọ aka n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'okpuru ala]] "N'oge m bụ nwata, otu agadi nwoke gwara m ma ọ bụrụ na m ga ahụ ihe atọ ga-enwe ezigbo ahụike. Aga m ekwu na ha bara uru nye m, ma nye ndị ọzọ na agụ akwụkwọ gị. Nke mbụ, mee ka isi dị jụụ ma dị jụụ. Nke abụọ, mee ka ụkwụ kpọọ nkụ ma na ekpo ọkụ. Nke atọ, mee ka obi ghara iwe, ka o dere. <ref name="Carter">Eric Gardner , ''Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 1, 2007, p. 7</ref> Carter dere banyere ọtụtụ ihe mere n'oge ọ bụ nwata na n'oge uto ya mgbe ọ zutere eziokwu nke Ịgba ohu. Dị ka nwatakịrị, ọ na ele anya ka ndị nna ohu na ewepụ otu enyi ya n'aka nne ya. Mgbe Carter na nwa ya bi nso [[Wisconsin]]" Wisconsin na 1850, otu nwa agbọghọ sooro ya site na nkwekọrịta ikwu okwu na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] iji rute n'ụlọ ya na nwa ya, na agba ọsọ ịgba ohu. Carter zoro nwanyị ahụ n'ime ime ala ya, wee jiri ụgbọala buru ya gaa n'ụlọ Quaker "dị nchebe" nke dị kilomita ole na ole, nwanyị ahụ wee nwee ike ịgbapụ na nnwere onwe. N'ihe omume ọzọ, otu nwoke gbapụrụ n'ohu bịara n'ọnụ ụzọ ya ma Carter nwere ike inyere aka ịnakọta ego n'ime obodo ka ọ gaa n'ihu na njem ya maka nnwere onwe.<ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. 107</ref> Tupu o dee maka Igwe mbuli elu, Carter rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na onye na elekọta ụlọ.<ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. 117</ref> == Nevada County na ọrụ edemede == [[Usòrò:Nevada_City,_CA_1866.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|250x250px|Nevada City, California 1866]] Carter na di mbụ ya, onye nkwusa aha ya bụ Reverend Correll, kwagara Nevada County n'ihe dị ka 1860, tupu [[Agha Obodo America|Agha Obodo]].<ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. IX</ref> Nevada County bụ mpaghara dị n'ugwu Sierra Nevada nke nwere ọtụtụ obere ma na eto eto obodo nke ndị kwagara ebe ahụ n'oge California Gold Rush, gụnyere Nevada City, Marysville, na Grass Valley. Obodo a kwadoro Union n'oge Agha Obodo ma nwee ihe dị ka ndị Afrika Amerika 150-300, ndị rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ na azụmaahịa.<ref name="The Searls Historical Library 2016">{{Cite web|author=The Searls Historical Library|title=Nevada County Historical Society highlights stories of African American pioneers|work=TheUnion.com|date=January 19, 2016|url=http://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/nevada-county-historical-society-highlights-stories-of-african-american-pioneers/|accessdate=February 13, 2017|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050742/https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/nevada-county-historical-society-highlights-stories-of-african-american-pioneers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na arụsi ọrụ ike n'ihe gbasara ikike obodo ma nyere aka hazie California Colored Convention nke 1855. Mgbe ọ lụrụ Reverend, Jennie jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Grass Valley Christian Commission.<ref>Grass Valley Daily Union | url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MU18650314.2.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 | url=http://followingdeercreek.com/jennie-carters-nevada-county-setting-1860s/</ref> N'afọ 1866, ọ lụrụ di ya nke abụọ, onye na-agụ egwú na onye na ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ Dennis Drummond Carter wee soro ya biri n'ụlọ jupụtara na ngwá egwú.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-28/travel/tr-0_1_nevada-city/2|title=GOLDEN OLDIE - Nevada City's citizens restored their mining town for themselves, and the tourists followed|first=ROBERT|author=SCHEER|date=July 28, 1991|publisher=}}</ref> Ndị Carters biri na Lost Hill, mgbe ahụ na Green Street na Nevada City.<ref name="Carter">Eric Gardner , ''Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 1, 2007, p. 7</ref> [[Usòrò:Phillip_Alexander_Bell.jpg|thumb|202x202px|Phillip A. Bell, onye nchịkọta akụkọ Carter na The ''Elevator'']] N'afọ 1867, site n'iji aha njirimara Mrs. Trask, Carter degaara Philip A. Bell, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ojii San Francisco kwa izu ''Igwe mbuli elu'', akwụkwọ ozi, na-enye ya ka ọ dee akụkọ dị mkpirikpi maka ụmụaka ka etinye ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Bell nwere mmasị n'echiche ahụ, na ebipụta akwụkwọ ozi ya na edemede dị mkpirikpi nke Carter banyere nkịta ya na New Orleans na mbipụta na-esonụ. N'ime afọ asaa sochirinụ, Carter bipụtara ihe karịrị 70 na ''Igwe mbuli elu'' . Ihe odide ya na agbasawanye karịa akụkọ maka ụmụaka na nkọwa banyere California na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba, Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ikike nhọpụta, omume, agụmakwụkwọ, njide onwe onye, na ọtụtụ okwu ndị ọzọ. Ka oge na- ga, ọ malitere iji aha nzuzo Semper Fidelis . <ref>''Always Faithful An Introduction to the Work and Life of Jennie Carter''</ref> Ebe ọ bụ na The Elevator nwere mgbasa ozi nke gbasaa n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ America, Carter nwetara mpaghara na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ mba maka ọrụ ya. O bipụtakwara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Philadelphia Onye na-edekọ Ndị Kraịst.<ref name="Carter">Eric Gardner , ''Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 1, 2007, p. 7</ref><ref>Eric Gardner, ''Unexpected Places: Relocating Nineteenth-Century African American Literature'', Univ. Press of Mississippi, June 17, 2010, p. 114</ref> Carter kwuru na ya bi n'obodo a na-akpọ Mud Hill, obodo "dị mma karịa ka aha ya ga-apụta," mana onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Eric Gardner kwuru na Mud Hill bụ aha nzuzo. O kwukwara na ya dị afọ iri isii n'akwụkwọ ya mana n'ezie ọ tọrọ ya afọ iri abụọ. O dere n'ụzọ obi ụtọ banyere onwe ya dị ka agadi nwanyị "na-eme ihe ike" na otu o si jisie ike "chekwaa oge okpomọkụ n'obi m n'ime afọ iri isii m niile," site n'ịbụ "ọ bụghị n'ụzọ dị ùgwù," na-ekwu maka ibi ndụ dị mma ma na-awụli elu eriri ma na-egwuri egwu zoo ma soro ụmụaka ndị agbata obi gaa chọọ.<ref name="Carter">Eric Gardner , ''Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 1, 2007, p. 7</ref> Ihe odide ya na-ekpughe ọgụgụ isi ya na ikike ịkọ akụkọ dị mkpa site na itinye ha na obere ndụ kwa ụbọchị.<ref>Eric Gardner, ''Unexpected Places: Relocating Nineteenth-Century African American Literature'', Univ. Press of Mississippi, June 17, 2010 p. 119</ref> Mgbe Carter chọpụtara na akụkọ ya na-agbasa karịa ndụmọdụ ụmụaka na edemede maka okwu ndị dị ugbu a, o dere "Ọfọn, Mr. Editor, ahụrụ m na emezighị emezi, amalitere m idere ụmụaka akwụkwọ, ma merụọ ahụ maka onye ọ bụla. "<ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. 5</ref> == Echiche == === Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na àgwà === Carter mere ngwa ngwa ịwakpo Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ yana colorism na kọlụm ya. "Ụmụntakịrị, ị na-anụ ọtụtụ ihe gbasara agba ndị gbara gị gburugburu, hụ nlebara anya nyere ndị ọcha site n'aka ndị enyi gị nke na-enweghị isi, ebe a na-eleda ndị nke gbara ọchịchịrị anya na nleghara anya dị jụụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ ezighị ezi, na ị nwere ike zere dị ka mmejọ m na-edere gị nke a ka ị gụọ. Ka okwu gị bụrụ, mmepeanya nye mmadụ niile, ijere onye ọ bụla ozi. Ihe ncheta ndị ahụ nke ịbụ ohu anyị aghaghị ịpụ n'ụzọ ozugbo enwere ike; na mgbe anyị ga-emeso mmadụ niile n'ụzọ nkwanye ùgwù, anyị ekwesịghị ikwu banyere agba, ìhè na ọchịchịrị, oji na ọcha.<ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. 4</ref> Carter jiri ihe ndị mere na ndụ di ya mee ihe iji gosipụta etu ha si emeso ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ha chere ihu. N'otu kọlụm, o dere banyere otu ndị ọcha si chee di ya ihu na nso Harper's Ferry, [[Odida Anyanwu Végíníyà|West Virginia]] bụ ndị gwara ya na ọ dịghị onye isi ojii e kwere ka ọ gaa njem mgbe elekere anọ nke ehihie gasịrị; na nzaghachi Dennis Carter ji nwayọ kwuo na ọ ga-eti 'onye ọ bụla tinyere aka n'ebe ọ nọ.' <ref>Gardner, ''Unexpected Places'', p. 119</ref> N'otu edemede ọzọ ọ na ekwu na otu ndị ọcha gbochiri ya ka ya na di ya na aga ije na Obodo Nevada. "M gwara ha okwu n'ụzọ amamihe a," ka o dere, sị: "'Ndị ikom, ndị Fenian, ụmụ nwoke ama ama nke agbụrụ Anglo-Saxons, ndị na akwado gọọmentị onye ọcha, ndị na'akwado Andy Johnson - ị ga agwa m ma ọ bụrụ na herring na ọkara ga efu otu penny na ọkara, ego ole ka iri na otu penny ga-azụta?' Ma mgbe ha na-achọpụta nsogbu ahụ siri ike anyị gafere" <ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. 26</ref> [[Usòrò:Racist_women's_suffrage_cartoon_1870.jpg|thumb| Ihe osise ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ka ha nwee ikike ịtụ vootu 1870]] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ siri ọnwụ na mkpa ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ n'ịkpụzi ọha mmadụ, Carter abụghị onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị tupu ikike ụmụ nwoke ojii, ọ na-akatọkwa ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na akwado ụmụ nwanyị bụ ndị iwe ji na ụmụ nwoke ojii "dị ala" nwere ikike ịtụ vootu mgbe ha na enweghị. "Echere m na ndị na-eme mgbanwe kwesịrị ịkpachara anya ịchịkwa ajọ mbunobi ha, ma ọ bụrụ na ha enweghị ike ịga nke ọma na atụmatụ ha niile, ha agaghị anwa iwepụ nkwa nke onye nweere onwe ya nke ọgụ ndụ mba guzobere. " <ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. 28</ref> "Ọgbọ ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị," ka o kwenyere, "ọ bụghị ebe kwesịrị ekwesị nke nwanyị. O nwere ọrụ dị elu ma dị nsọ karịa n'ụwa a. Ọ nwere ịdị ọcha ebumpụta ụwa nke na ebelata site na obi ọjọọ, ịṅụ na atọ ọchị, ịta azụ ga esochi ụmụ nwanyị n'oge anyị; na ọnụnwụ ya, ọ ga-akwado ya, ọ gaghị arụ ụka na oge ndị ọzọ.<ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. 27</ref><ref>Gardner, ''Jennie Carter'', p. XXV</ref> === Njem === [[Usòrò:Carson_City,_1877.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Carson City, 1877]] Carter gara Northern California niile na [[Náevadạ|Nevada]], na-eweghachi echiche ya banyere San Francisco, Carson City, Nevada City, na Marysville. Banyere San Francisco, o kwuru na ọ na-ewute ya iche banyere obere anyanwụ ndị mmadụ hụrụ n'ebe ahụ, ọ na-enwekwa nkụda mmụọ na nkewa dị n'ime obodo ndị isi ojii nke obodo ahụ, nke dị obere nke na ọ bụ "otu ahụhụ n'ugwu". Izu ise ọ nọrọ na Carson City, n'aka nke ọzọ, bụ "na-enye ume", na "ndị isi ojii nọ n'ebe ahụ na-eme nke ọma, ma nwee ụlọ dị mma" <ref>Elmer R. Rusco, "Good Time Coming?": Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century, Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 1975</ref><ref name="Carter">Eric Gardner , ''Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 1, 2007, p. 7</ref> === Ihe ndị mere n'oge a === Ọ bụ ezie na o kwenyeghị na ụmụ nwanyị na aghọ Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ naghị egbochi ikwupụta echiche ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke oge ahụ, ọkachasị nkewa n'etiti ndị Democrats na-akwado ịgba ohu na ndị Union Republicans. Carter kwukwara okwu banyere okwu ọzọ na ekewa, mbata ndị China, na akwado ndị mbata China nke ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala a mụrụ, ndị isi ojii na ndị ọcha, na-anwa igbochi ha ịbanye na United Steeti. Ọ kpọrọ ndị na-agụ ya ka ha "cheta ndị nwere nkekọ dị ka ndị e kere anyị n'aka". <ref>Edlie L. Wong. ''Racial Reconstruction: Black Inclusion, Chinese Exclusion, and the Fictions of Citizenship'', NYU Press, October 23, 2016, p. 252</ref> N'ime oge o biri na ya, Carter kwuru:   == Ọnwụ == Carter nwụrụ n'August 1881, mgbe ọ dị afọ 51. Akụkọ ọnwụ ya kwuru "Ọnwụ mberede" nke "Mbelata nke Obi".<ref>The Daily Transcript (Nevada City) Friday, August 12, 1881 | url=http://followingdeercreek.com/jennie-carters-nevada-county-setting-1860s/</ref> E liri ya na Pine Grove Cemetery na Nevada City . <ref name="Find A Grave Memorial 2010">{{Cite web|title=Jennie Carter (1831 - 1881)|work=Find A Grave Memorial|date=May 17, 2010|url=https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=52502288|accessdate=February 13, 2017}}</ref> Di ya Dennis Drummond Carter nwụrụ karịa ya ma ka bi na Nevada City na 1893.<ref>California Voter Registration, 1893, Ancestry.com</ref> == Ihe Nketa == Ihe odide Carter malitere ịnata nlebara anya dị ukwuu na akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe e bipụtara ha n'akwụkwọ Eric Gardner nke 2007 Jennie Carter: Onye odeakụkọ ojii nke West West . <ref name="Poe">{{Cite journal|url=http://ir.uiowa.edu/history_nbih/7/|title=Eric Gardner interview, 'Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West'|first=Poe|author=Marshall|date=January 1, 2008|journal=[[New Books Network]]|accessdate=February 13, 2017}}</ref> <ref>Nicolas S. Witschi, ''A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West'' John Wiley & Sons, May 4, 2011</ref><ref>Michael K. Johnson, ''Hoo-Doo Cowboys and Bronze Buckaroos: Conceptions of the African American West'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 23, 2014</ref><ref>Shirley Ann Wilson Moore, ''Sweet Freedom's Plains: African Americans on the Overland Trails, 1841–1869'' University of Oklahoma Press, October 20, 2016</ref> Otu onye nyocha na Amerikan Literary Scholarship dere na ọrụ ya "na-eme ka echiche dị mgbagwoju anya banyere ndị isi ojii na enweta ohere na ndị nọ n'etiti na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ ọbụna ka ọ na-agbakwunye ma na-akwado ọdịnala bara ọgaranya nke akụkọ akụkọ akụkọ West Coast. " Garder na ekwu na nyocha ya banyere Carter nyeere aka ịchọpụta obodo ndị isi ojii a na amaghị nke ọma na Sierra Nevadas, nke nwere njikọ na nnukwu obodo ukwu dị ka Sacramento na San Francisco.<ref name="Black Print Culture 2008">{{Cite web|title=Jennie Carter|work=Black Print Culture|date=April 9, 2008|url=http://www.blackprintculture.com/jennie-carter.html|accessdate=February 13, 2017|archivedate=February 14, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102015/http://www.blackprintculture.com/jennie-carter.html}}</ref> N'ide dị ka nke Carter nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ojii, yana ọrụ yiri nke Norris Wright Cuney, Frank Webb na George T Ruby, Gardner kwuru, bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmepụta akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19 nke ndị Afrika Amerika na-elegharakarị anya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236803722|title=Unexpected Places: Relocating Nineteenth-Century African American Literature|publisher=}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwukwa na n'ihi na ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ edemede dị mkpirikpi, enwere ike iji ya tụnyere Mark Twain na Bret Harte, ndị edemede narị afọ nke 19 nke Amerikan West bụ ndị jikwa ụdị edemede dị nkenke mee ihe n'ọrụ ha. Gardner kwuru na nhọrọ ya nke aha nzuzo Semper Fidelis (Always Faithful), tụrụ aro na maka Carter, "ide bụ ngosipụta nke okwukwe maka obodo, na obodo, ide banyere isiokwu ndị a chọrọ ka a kwurịta ma nke ahụ nwere ike ọ gaghị ekwurịta," ụzọ iji "kpali ndị mmadụ itinye aka ma chee echiche banyere nsogbu ahụ" [1]<ref name="Poe" /> Ndị otu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Nevada County etinyela Carter na ngosipụta ha nke ndị ọsụ ụzọ ojii nke Sierra Nevadas na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19.<ref name="Nevada County Historical Society 2017" /> Ọtụtụ n'ime obodo ndị Afrika Amerika a apụọla na narị afọ nke 20, ka ndị mmadụ hapụrụ obere obodo iji chọta ọrụ na obodo ukwu.[1]<ref name="Nevada County Historical Society 2017">{{Cite web|title=African American Pioneers|work=Nevada County Historical Society|date=January 19, 2017|url=http://nevadacountyhistory.org/black-history-of-nevada-county.html|accessdate=February 13, 2017|archivedate=February 14, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103315/https://www.nevadacountyhistory.org/black-history-of-nevada-county.html}}</ref> Vidiyo mmeghari nke gosipụtara ọtụtụ edemede Jennie Carter ka emere na ọbá akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Doris Foley na Pine Grove Cemetery na Nevada City, CA.<ref>url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22m_p3zP4to | url=http://followingdeercreek.com/jennie-carters-thoughts-words-from-nevada-city-1867-1874-video/</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2rkw1yuev26lekip99rogqoup7h4lrr 0 39762 727865 213814 2026-09-25T07:59:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Jericka Duncan''' //dʒə'riːkə// juh-REE-kuh (amụrụ n'August 12, 1983) bụ onye nta akụkọ TV nke mba Amerika maka CBS News na New York City. N'afọ 2018, o mere isi akụkọ mgbe ọ bịara na ozi ndị Jeff Fager zitere ya ka ọ na ekpuchi ebubo mmekọahụ e boro ya.<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/12/business/media/jeff-fager-60-minutes-cbs.html|title='60 Minutes' Chief Ousted for a Threatening Text as Upheaval at CBS Continues|work=The New York Times|date=2018-09-12|author=Koblin|first=John}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Jericka Duncan n'afọ 1983. Ọ gara Aurora High School, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]] ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2001.<ref name="mytownneo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mytownneo.com/article/20141022/news/310229355|title=Four new Hall of Famers honored by Aurora High School Alumni Association|work=My Town Neo|accessdate=2024-03-28|archivedate=2021-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017032054/https://www.mytownneo.com/article/20141022/news/310229355}}</ref> Na Aurora H.S., ọ nọ na otu [[basketball]] na otu track na field. Dị ka onye na-asọ mpi track & field, Duncan setịpụrụ ndekọ ise maka Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Aurora. Ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Duncan gara Mahadum Ohio, Athens, Ohio ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ogo nkwukọrịta.<ref name="auroraohioalumni">{{Cite web|url=https://www.auroraohioalumni.com/index.php/hall-of-fame/athletic-hall-of-fame|title=Athletic Hall of Fame|work=Aurora Ohio Alumni}}</ref> Na kọleji, Duncan gara n'ihu na-agba ọsọ track & field ma bụrụ onyeisi ndị otu track.<ref name="ohiobobcats">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohiobobcats.com/sports/wtrack/spec-rel/051005aab.html|title=Jericka Duncan: A Focused Leader|date=May 10, 2005|work=Ohio Bobcats|accessdate=October 15, 2018|archivedate=March 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195954/http://www.ohiobobcats.com/sports/wtrack/spec-rel/051005aab.html}}</ref> Ọ natara NAACP Ihe nrite onyonyo nke egwuregwu na 2005. [1]<ref name="mytownneo" /> Duncan gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ohio na 2005 <ref name="wnypapers2">{{Cite web|title=Jericka Duncan named a correspondent for news services at CBS News (press release)|url=https://www.wnypapers.com/news/article/current/2013/07/15/111808/jericka-duncan-named-a-correspondent-for-news-services-at-cbs-news|work=WNY Papers}}</ref> na Bachelor of Arts na Nzikọrịta ozi. <ref>https://www.ohio.edu/scripps-college/comm-studiesref>https://www.ohio.edu/scripps-college/comm-studies{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ọrụ == Na Mee 2005, Duncan ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ maka ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn nke NBC WETM-TV na Elmira, New York, mgbe e mesịrị ọ kwagara na CBS WIVB-TV na Buffalo, New York. N'afọ 2010, ọ kwagara na CBS-owned KYW-TV na Philadelphia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] na 2013, ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya mba maka CBS News. <ref name="wnypapers2"/> Duncan kọrọ n'oge ihe omume ndị a na agaghị echefu echefu dị ka ihu igwe oyi na Boston, ncheta afọ iri asaa nke D-Day na 2014, ncheta mbụ nke Hurricane Sandy na ịgba égbè Washington Navy Yard. <ref name="buffalonews">{{Cite web|url=https://buffalonews.com/2018/09/23/cbs-jericka-duncan-to-keynote-black-journalists-event/|title=CBS' Jericka Duncan to keynote black journalists' event|date=2018-09-23|work=Buffalo News|access-date=2024-03-28|archive-date=2019-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417183705/https://buffalonews.com/2018/09/23/cbs-jericka-duncan-to-keynote-black-journalists-event/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="mytownneo"/> == Ọrụ na onyinye ndị a ma ama == * N'afọ 2007, Duncan natara onyinye "Best Spot News Coverage" site na New York State Broadcasters Association Award.<ref name="wnypapers2"/> * N'afọ 2008, Duncan meriri ihe nrite Emmy nke "Best Morning Show" mgbe ọ kọchara banyere oké ifufe oge oyi.[1]<ref name="wnypapers2" /> * N'afọ 2011 na 2012, Duncan kpuchiri ntọrọ nke ala ala Philadelphia, ma ọ bụ ikpe "Basement of Horror", ebe ọ kọrọ banyere njide nke ndị okenye anọ na ohi nke nyocha nchekwa ọha na eze site n'aka onye jidere ha.<ref name="adweek">{{Cite web|url=https://www.adweek.com/tvspy/video-in-kyw-interview-victims-describe-their-captivity-in-philadelphia-basement-of-horror/26807|title=VIDEO: In KYW Interview, Victims Describe Their Captivity in Philadelphia 'Basement of Horror'|author=Gauthier|first=Andrew|work=TV Spy|date=18 October 2011}}</ref> Nke a mere ka Duncan merie ihe nrite mbụ site na Associated Press ma nata nhọpụta maka Mid-Atlantic Emmy Award.<ref name="phillytrib">{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillytrib.com/entertainment/jericka-duncan-called-up-to-cbs-network/article_a7db547a-1296-5b20-9dd4-2ac827123bf2.html|title=Jericka Duncan called up to CBS network|author=Roberts|first=Kimberly C.|date=July 23, 2013|work=Philly Tribune}}</ref> * N'afọ 2012, a nabatara Duncan dị ka "Broadcast Journalist of the Year" site na Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists . [3]<ref name="phillytrib" /> == Jeff Fager == N'afọ 2018, a chụpụrụ Jeff Fager dị ka onye na-emepụta 60 Minutes mgbe ekpughere na o zitere Duncan ozi ederede na eyi egwu, nke Duncan kpughere na Septemba 2018.<ref name="washingtonpost">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/09/12/60-minutes-chief-jeff-fager-leaves-cbs-amid-harassment-accusations/|title='60 Minutes' chief Jeff Fager leaves CBS amid harassment accusations and threatening texts|date=September 12, 2018|work=Washington Post}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụrụ ya ọrụ boro Fager ebubo iyi egwu mmekọahụ. Mgbe Duncan na-akọ akụkọ ahụ, Fager yiri ya egwu site n'ikwu, "Ọ bụrụ na ị kwughachi ebubo ụgha ndị a na enweghị akụkọ nke gị iji kwado ha, ị ga-ahụ maka imerụ m ahụ. Kpachara anya. E nwere ndị mmadụ na-enweghị ọrụ ha na anwa imerụ mụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị ga-enyefe nkwupụta ndị a na na emebi ihe na-enweghị ozi nke gị iji kwadoro ha nke ga aghọ nnukwu nsogbu. " Mgbe ị kpughere ozi ederede, National Association of Black Journalists toro Duncan maka ikpuchi akụkụ nke Me Too ije.<ref name="blackchristiannews">{{Cite web|url=https://blackchristiannews.com/2018/09/cbs-correspondent-jericka-duncan-reveals-text-jeff-fager-sent-to-her-that-got-him-fired/|title=CBS Correspondent Jericka Duncan Reveals Text Jeff Fager Sent to her That Got him Fired &#124; BCNN1|work=Black Christian News Network|date=13 September 2018|accessdate=28 March 2024|archivedate=15 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515110756/https://blackchristiannews.com/2018/09/cbs-correspondent-jericka-duncan-reveals-text-jeff-fager-sent-to-her-that-got-him-fired/}}</ref> Fager gọnahụrụ ebubo mbụ ahụ, mana kwupụtara na ya zitere Duncan ozi mkparị.<ref name="nytimes"/> Ozugbo Duncan kwupụtara nzaghachi Fager nye ya, ọ meghere mkparịta ụka banyere mmetụta nke ịkọ akụkọ maka mmegharị #MeToo. O mere ka e mepụta hashtag #reportingMeToo na Twitter. <ref name="nabj">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nabj.org/news/418278/NABJ-applauds-Jericka-Duncan-for-watchdog-MeToo-reporting.htm|title=NABJ applauds Jericka Duncan for watchdog #MeToo reporting|work=National Association of Black Journalists}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ihe omume a meghere mkparịta ụka banyere ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịnye ha nsogbu mmekọahụ na ịkọ akụkọ ozi sitere n'aka ndị a na-ebo ebubo.<ref name="glamour">{{Cite web|url=https://www.glamour.com/story/im-sick-of-female-journalists-cleaning-up-the-messes-their-male-co-workers-made|title=I'm Sick of Female Journalists Cleaning Up the Messes Their Male Coworkers Made|author=LIBERS|first=ABIGAIL|date=September 14, 2018|work=Glamour}}</ref> === Mmeghachi omume === N'ịzaghachi oge a chụrụ Fager, ndị ọrụ ibe CBS Gayle King, Norah O'Donnell na John Dickerson nwetara nkwado Duncan.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jericka-duncan-jeff-fager-text-threat-cbs-morning-hosts-support-1142968|title='CBS This Morning' Hosts Support Reporter Who Received Jeff Fager's Threatening Text|author=Lewis|first=Hilary|date=September 13, 2018|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> E toro ya maka iguzo ma kpughee ma gụọ ozi ederede sitere na Fager. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Buffalo Association nke ndị nta akụkọ ojii mara ọkwa Duncan dị ka onye isi okwu n'otu n'ime ihe omume ha akpọrọ "Mgbasa ozi ọha na akụkọ gbasara agbụrụ".<ref name="buffalonews"/> Jeff Glor nke CBS Evening News nọ n'etiti ikpuchi Hurricane Florence dị ka ọ gwara Duncan, sị, "I meela nnukwu ọrụ. O siri ike nke ọma n'emeghị nke a. Ozi ahụ adịghị anabata. Echere m na ọ dị mkpa ka ị mara, ka onye ọ bụla mara azụ ebe ahụ, na m, anyị, ndị otu dum. na Akụkọ mgbede na-akwado gị 100 percent" <ref name="thedailybeast">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-day-fager-world-came-crashing-down-at-cbs|title=The Day 'Fager World' Came Crashing Down at CBS|author=Grove|first=Lloyd|date=September 13, 2018|work=The Daily Beast}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4a7c067xy8furrm19jahtxgaslfrmn6 0 40292 727758 707166 2026-09-25T00:12:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=Portrait of Dr. Harvey W. Wiley (cropped).jpg|office=1st [[Commissioner of Food and Drugs]]|president=[[Theodore Roosevelt]]|termstart=January 1, 1907|termend=March 15, 1912|successor=[[Carl L. Alsberg]]}} Harvey Washington Wiley (October 18, 1844 - June 30, 1930) bụ onye American chemist onye nke ọma maka ngafe nke Iwu Nri na Ọgwụgwụ dị ọcha nke 1906 wee ọrụ na ụlọ ụlọ ụlọ ezi ụlọ.  Ọ bụ kọmishọna mbụ nke mbụ nri na ọgwụ nri nke United States. Na 1904, a mgbaàmà Wiley ka ọ bụrụ onye otu American Philosophical Society .  [1] N'afọ 1910, e nyere ya nrite Elliott Cresson nke Franklin Institute . == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Dr_Harvey_Wiley_c.1905.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Dr Harvey Wiley c.1905]] A Manchester Wiley na Ọktoba 18, 1844, n'iche a na-akụ osisi na Republican Township, na Jefferson County, Indiana, nwa nwoke onye ozi na onye ọrụ ugbo, Preston Pritchard Wiley na Lucinda Maxwell.  [1] Nke isii n'ime ihe asaa, a na-achị Wiley n'ugbo 125-acre nke nwere mmiri mmiri mmiri nke gbapụrụ n'ime elebe Wabash, nke dị n'akanam Ohio .  Nne na nna Wiley bụ ndị nduzi n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko dị n'okpuru ala dị ka ebe ndị kacha na Indiana, n'ofe osimiri site na Kentucky nwere ohu. Ọ debanyere aha na Hanover College dị nso na 1863 wee ihe ihe dị ka otu afọ ruo mgbe ọ debanyere aha na Union Army na 1864, n'oge Agha Obodo America.  Ọka agha ahụ dị ka corporal na Company I nke 137th Indiana Infantry Regiment.  [1] Ọ la ẹya na Hanover na 1865, bụ ike na Humanities ma onye mmụta akwụkwọ na elu (AB) na 1867. Wiley ikike MD ya na ụmụaka ụmụaka Indiana na 1871. Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke Greek na Latin na Butler, Indianapolis  , 1868–70. Na 1878, Wiley gara Germany bụ́ ebe ọ gara ọkụ ihe August Wilhelm von Hofmann —onye Germany a na-eme emee nke ọma ihe ndị na-ahụ organic tar dị ka aniline.  Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, a mgbaàmà Wiley na German Chemical Society a ma ama nke Hofmann hiwere.  Wiley ọtụtụ oge ya na ụlọ ahịa nri nke Imperial na Bismarck na-arụ ọrụ na Eugene Sell, na- adadin iji polariscope na-amụ kemịkalụ shuga .  Mgbe ọ la iche na Purdue, ndị Indiana State Board of Health Wiley ka ọ aha sugars na sirop na-ere na steeti ahụ iji ọgwụ iko ọ llaba.  Ọta afọ ikpeazụ ya na Purdue na-amụ omenala sorghum na kemịkalụ shuga, na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere aka wulite ụlọ ọrụ shuga siri ike.  Akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ya mbụ na 1881 tụlere etu esi eme glucose na shuga . == Ọrụ gọọmentị == George Loring, Kọmishọna nke Agriculture, nyere Wiley ọkwa nke Chief Chemist na United States Department of Agriculture, na 1882. Loring nọ na-achọ iji onye ga-eji ụzọ ebumnobi eme ihe n'ịmụ sorghum n'chiri onye na-ahụ maka kemist ya,  onye ike ya dị ka isi iyi shuga adịbeghị anya.  Wiley nakweere oriri ahụ mgbe a gafechara ya maka onye isi oche Purdue, n'ihi na ọ bụ "oke nwata na ọ na-atọ ụtọ", [1] na- eso ezi na ebu ya, nakwa na ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ.  [2] Wiley wetara Washington ihe enyemaka bara uru ọrụ ugbo, ụzọ maka nsogbu nke ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na nkà na-ama atụ maka mgbasa na eze.<ref>Suzanne White, "Chemistry and Controversy: Regulating the Use of Chemicals in Foods, 1883-1959, unpublished dissertation, Emory University, 1994, pp. 4-5.</ref> Wiley na mbụ aiming dị nnọọ ka nri kpọrọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-egosi ha nwekwara. Agbanyeghị, o kwubiri na a ga-amachibido ụfọdụ kemịkal. Ụlọ ọrụ nri bilitere na mkpesa. Iwu Nri a tụrụ atụ nke 1902 adaghị ọbụna debanye aha votu, ndị na-eme ihe ike meriri ya. Ọ chọrọ nkwado nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị, ọ bụghị n'ihi mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha kpọmkwem (dị ka ha ka na-enweghị) kama n'ihi nrụgide ụlọ nke ha nwere ike ịkpa. Mgbasa ozi a gbasara n'ime ahụike na ọdịmma obodo, na-akpọ oku ka ọha na eze (obodo) na-achịkwa mmiri na usoro nsị niile. Mgbasa ozi ya nwetara ibu mgbe Fannie Farmer sonyeere ma jikọta oku maka "nri dị ọcha". Na Disemba 1905, Wiley haziri nzukọ nke ndị na-emepụta nri na-aga n'ihu (gụnyere Heinz) tinyere ndị inyom na-akwado Theodore Roosevelt iji kwado maka iwu nri dị mma. Akwụkwọ Upton Sinclair ''The Jungle'' kpughere ozi dị n'ime ụlọ ebe a na-egbu anụ nke [[Chicago]] nke butere oke ụjọ. Nkpughe nke a na-abụghị nke sayensị nke ụlọ ọrụ anụ mkpọ chetaara Roosevelt ahụmahụ ya na anụ na-asọ oyi na Cuba na 1898. Na June 1906 nke a dugara na ngafe nke Iwu Nleba Anụ (ịchịkwa ebe a na-egbu anụ) na Iwu nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ (na-ele anya na mmachi nke mgbakwunye). Ebe Roosevelt chọsiri ike ịnara otuto, ndị nta akụkọ a ma ama nke oge ahụ kpọrọ '''Iwu Dr. Wiley''' . Onye isi ala Roosevelt kpọbatara otu n'ime ndị dike ya, Ira Remsen, ka o wee nyochaa Wiley. Nke a ga-ebute esemokwu dịka Wiley welitere nchegbu gbasara ojiji onye isi ala jiri saccharin nke Remsen chepụtara. Ebum n’obi nke a iji kwụsị Wiley bụ onye a katọrọ ibubata nnukwu nri na ihe mgbakwunye. Akpọrọ Wiley utu aha "Nna nke Iwu Nri na Ọgwụ dị Ọcha" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Harvey W. Wiley|publisher=FDA|date=2016-07-28|url=https://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/whatwedo/history/centennialoffda/harveyw.wiley/default.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114232227/https://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/whatwedo/history/centennialoffda/harveyw.wiley/default.htm|archivedate=2017-11-14|language=en}}</ref> mgbe ọ ghọrọ iwu na 1906. O dere mbipụta abụọ nke ''nri na ịkwa iko ha'' (1907 na 1911), nke kọwara maka ndị na-ege ntị na-abụghị ndị ọkachamara akụkọ ihe mere eme, nkwadebe na ịkwa iko nke nri bụ isi. Ọ bụ nna ntọala nke Association of Official Analytical Chemists, ma hapụ nnukwu ihe nketa na nri nri dị ọcha nke America dị ka "chemist chemist" ya. Wiley lekwasịrị anya na Coca-Cola na 1909, ọ bụghị n'ihi iji cocaine nke kwụsịrị afọ ole na ole gara aga, kama n'ihi iji caffeine gabigara ókè nke egosiri na ọ na-eri ahụ. Ụjọ ahụ bụ karịsịa maka ụmụaka. Nke a gara ikpe na 1911 ebe Coca-Cola rụrụ ụka na ọ nwere ike ịṅụ mmanya na-enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla ma ọ na-eri ahụ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Ụlọikpe kpebiri na Wiley agabigala oke na Coca-Cola achọpụtaghị na ọ dara iwu nke imebi Iwu nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ: lee ''United States v. Forty Barrels na Kegs iri abụọ nke Coca-Cola'' . A manyere Onye isi ala Taft ka ọ gbaa Wiley mana ndị nta akụkọ kwadoro ịga n'ihu ya. . N'okpuru nduzi Wiley, Otú ọ dị, ndị ji ikike Chemistry tolitere nke ukwuu n'ike na nwata elu mgbe hasịrị ọrụ maka mmanye nke Iwu 1906. Nagbata 1906 na 1912, ndị ọrụ Wiley akwụkwọ site na 110 ruo 146. Ntụnye,  nke bụ $155,000 na 1906, bụ $963,780 na 1912. Onye ọrụ ahụ kwagara n'ime ụlọ nke ya ma jiri akara akara nke ndị ọrụ Aesculapius, ma ọ bụ Ophiuchus .  N'afọ 1911, ndị iro ya gbara ume ka a chụrụ ya n'ọkwa na Ngalaba Agriculture maka nkà na ẹzẹ nke a ọrụ onye na ngalaba ya ụfọdụ ọnụ iwu.  Mana n'ime afọ ahụ, Onye isi ala William Howard Taft dere akwụkwọ ozi nke wepụrụ Wiley kpamkpam Na Maachị 15, 1912, Wiley gbara arụkwaghịm onye isi ya nke Chemistry Bureau n'ihi na, site na mmalite mmalite, a kpasuru ya iwe na mmanye nke Iwu Nri na Ọgwụ dị Ọcha, ma ọ hụla ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke omume ahụ ma ọ bụ nke kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ma ọ bụ mebie ya. . <ref name="resign">{{Cite news|title=Harvey Wiley Explains Resignation|url=http://theprince.princeton.edu/princetonperiodicals/cgi-bin/princetonperiodicals?a=d&d=Princetonian19120316-01.2.2#|format=PDF|work=The Daily Princetonian|date=March 16, 1912|page=1|quote=President Taft expressed his regret at the resignation. Secretary Wilson said that Wiley had been a "valuable man." Wiley thanked Wilson for the "personal kindness and regard shown him."}}</ref> Taft kwuputara ịkwa ụta ya na arụkwaghịm nke Wiley na odeakwụkwọ ọrụ ugbo James Wilson kwuru okwu dị ukwuu banyere otú Wiley si bụrụ "bara uru", n'aka nke ya, Wiley kelere Wilson maka "obiọma onwe onye na nkwanye ùgwù e gosiri ya." <ref name="resign" /> == Na-arụ ọrụ na ''ezigbo ụlọ'' == Mgbe ọ na-enwe ọrịa na 1912, Wiley weghaara ụlọ nwe nke Ezi Ndị Nche Magazine, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ya n'aha ndị na-eri nri.  [1] Onye isi, Bureau of Food, Sanitation and Health bụ aha Wiley.  [2] Nkwenye ya nke elele "ọgwụ" ihe kpatara kola;  onorọ aka ná ntĩa caffeine dị n'ime ha nke ukwuu.  N'ime ihe a ma nke o wetara ụta The Coca-Cola Company na 1911, ọ nwere ụka na ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị iji aha Coca-Cola mee ihe mgbe ezigbo cocaine na-ahụ ahụ, nakwa na iwu akwadoghị na ọ  nwere caffeine dị ka ihe mgbakwunye .  N'ụzọ na- ike ezi, nke a dị ka ịsị na ahụ ike inwe cocaine ọ bụghị caffeine.  N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ikpe ahụ bụ ihe dị ike ama n'ịka ike maka eziokwu n'ịkpọ aha.  A ሜዳ na-eme ihe na-aba n'anya, egwuregwu na njedebe nke September 2016, na de-cocaine-ized coca mkpa na cola nuts. == Ọnwụ == [[Usòrò:Anna_Kelton_Wiley_1913_Official_Program_Suffrage_Procession_(page_13_crop).jpg|thumb| Anna Kelton Wiley sitere na 1913 Official Programme nke Nwanyị Suffrage Procession]] Harvey Wiley nwụrụ n'iche ya na Washington, DC, na June 30, 1930, 24th ụzọ nke mbinye aka nke Iwu Nri na Ọgwụ Dị Ọcha. E liri ya na Arlington National Cemetery ya na nri ya, Anna Kelton Wiley (1877–1964), onye ọ na-ebi na 1911. Edekwara ili ya "Nna nke Iwu nri dị ọcha". == Ihe nketa == Sarki mmirika onwe SS Harvey W. Wiley bụ otu n'ime 2751 Agha nke ọmụmụ ihe mmiri mmiri onwe onye wuru n'etiti 1941 na 1945. Ọ ụgbọ bụ mmiri tọgbọrọ September 15, 1943, Start Ọktoba 15, 1943, re rere ya  na 1947, wee ndị na 1969. The Harvey W. Wiley Award bụ AOAC International 'kasị prestigious na nkà ịkụ ihe award;  E hiwere ya na 1956 wee gosi ya kwa afụ 1957 nye onye ọkà neobhodimo (ma ọ bụ otu ndị ọkà , 1957) bụ ndị nyere aka n'ụzọ nha nha nha na-egosi na mpaghara na mpaghara AOAC International.  E hiwere AOAC International na 1884 dị ka Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.  Wiley bụụrụ onye-otu ntọala, Onye-isi-nduzi na 1886, Ode akwụkwọ sitere na 1889 ruo 1912, na Onye-isi ụka ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1930 Ezinụlọ ahụ o wuru na Somerset, Maryland, na 1893, Wiley-Ringland House, depụtara na National Register of Historic Places na 2000    == Ntụaka == === Nkọwapụta === {{Reflist}}  * {{Cite book|author=Deborah Blum|title=The Poison Squad: One Chemist's Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/poisonsquadonech0000blum|publisher=Penguin Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1594205149}} * Piott, Steven L. '' American Reformers, 1870-1920: Progressives in Word and Deed'' (2006); chapter 10 is on Wiley. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090525074559/http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2006/106_wiley.html Harvey W. Wiley: Ọsụ ụzọ Consumer Activist], site na Jenụwarị–February 2006 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''FDA Consumer'' * http://www.thecrusadingchemist.com, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke ''Crusad Chemist'' screenplay site na [[Amanda Read]] * [https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgVXaWxleRIGSGFydmV5/ Arlington National Cemetery] * [http://blog.history.in.gov/?p=824 Dr. Harvey "Old Borax" Wiley na ya Poison Squad], si [https://web.archive.org/web/20180204111249/http://in.gov/history/ Indiana Historical Bureau] [[Òtù:Aha]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 495eoexzaq14ky61u6zspqfnphnc99e 0 40874 727665 158464 2026-09-24T17:24:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727665 wikitext text/x-wiki   Escobar: Paradaịs Lost ( [1] a akpali dị ka Paradaịs Lost ) bụ ihe nkiri nkiri nke afọ 2014 nke Andrea Di Stefano dere ma duzie [2] na mpụta mbụ ya.  Ihe nkiri a na-akọ ndụ nke onye na-egwu mmiri na-ahụ n'anya mgbe ya na nwanne ya nwoke na-arụ ọrụ na Colombia wee na nwanne nna nna ihe ahụ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na Colombia bụ  Pablo Escobar <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/filmandtv/news/first-look-at-benicio-del-toro-as-pablo-escobar-in/344348|title=First look at Benicio Del Toro as Pablo Escobar in 'Paradise Lost'|publisher=[[NME]]|date=July 16, 2014|accessdate=August 21, 2014}}</ref> .RADIUS-TWC ikike ikike nkesa ihe nkiri North America na February 2014. [1] [2] Emere ihe nkiri a na 2014 Toronto International Film Festival na September 11, 2014 wee nwee obi ụtọ pere mpe na United States na June 26, 2015.</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Atụmatụ == Nick Brady na nwanne ya nwoke nọ na Colombia mgbe ọ zutere Maria. Ọ bụ nwa nwanne eze ọgwụ Pablo Escobar. Dị ka ma Nick na Maria na-ahụ otú ndụ nwere ike isi dị ize ndụ gburugburu nwanne nna ya Pablo, di na nwunye ahụ kpebiri ịhapụ Colombia tinyere nwanne Nick, nwunye na nwa. Tupu ha niile enwee ike ịpụ, Nick na ọtụtụ ndị ikom ndị ọzọ "nwere ntụkwasị obi" bụ Pablo, ebe ọ ga-agwa ha na ya na gọọmentị Colombia nwere nkwekọrịta na ọ ga-aga n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo ogologo oge. N’ihi nke a, ọ gwara ndị ikom ahụ ka ha gaa n’ebe dị iche iche ma zoo ngwongwo ya bara uru n’ọgba ebe ọ ga-anọ ruo ogologo oge a ga-anọ n’ụlọ mkpọrọ. A gwaziri Nick ka o zute onye nduzi, gaa n’ọgba, debe igbe ndị e nyere ya n’ọgba ahụ, megharịa ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ ike. Mgbe o mechara nke ahụ, Nick ga-egbu onye ndu ahụ, mana Nick ahụghị na ọ chọghị igbu ya, ọkachasị mgbe onye ndu ahụ ghọrọ naanị afọ 15. Mgbe ọ na-aga izute Maria, Nick mechara nwee ike ịkpọ ebe nwanne ya nwoke ka ọ dọọ ha aka ná ntị ka ha pụta, ma ndị Escobar abanyelarị ma gbuo nwanne ya nwoke, gbagbuo nwunye nwanne ya na nwa nwanne ya mgbe Nick na ya na ekwentị . == Mmepụta == N'ime akụkọ akụkọ ahụ, Di Stefano kwuru na "echiche ahụ sitere na ahịrịokwu atọ [m] nụrụ n'ọnụ onye uwe ojii banyere otu nwa okorobịa onye Italy na-ebi ndụ n'ezie bụ onye gara Colombia izute nwanne ya nwoke, n'ụzọ ụfọdụ wee bịaruo ezinụlọ Escobar nso, wee nweta ya. na nsogbu." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/dubai-international-film-festival/andrea-di-stefano-on-getting-into-the-mind-of-gangster-pablo-escobar|title=Andrea Di Stefano on getting into the mind of gangster Pablo Escobar|publisher=thenational.ae|author=Rob Garratt|date=December 15, 2014|accessdate=January 1, 2015|archive-date=January 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114174202/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/dubai-international-film-festival/andrea-di-stefano-on-getting-into-the-mind-of-gangster-pablo-escobar|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hapụ == .Escobar: Paradaịs Lost mere ihe ngosi ụwa ya na 2014 Toronto International Film Festival na September 11, 2014. O gosikwara na 2014 Telluride Film Festival, San Sebastian Film Festival, Rome Film Festival, na Zurich Film Festival <ref name="premierefr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiere.fr/Bandes-annonces/Video/Paradise-Lost-VOST|title=Paradise Lost VOST: trailers|publisher=premiere.fr|date=September 3, 2014|accessdate=September 3, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906155435/http://www.premiere.fr/Bandes-annonces/Video/Paradise-Lost-VOST|archivedate=September 6, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patheinternational.com/en/festivals.php|title=DOWNLOAD THE LINE-UP (No.5)|publisher=patheinternational.com|accessdate=August 27, 2014}}</ref> === Nzaghachi dị egwu === .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/escobar-paradise-lost|title=Escobar: Paradise Lost Reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=January 1, 2015}}</ref> Dị ka nke June 2020[mmelite], ihe nkiri ahụ na-ejide ọkwa Nkwado 55% na mkpokọta Rotten Tomato, dabere na 56 nwere nkezi ọkwa nke 5.62 n'ime 10. Nkwe ndị nkatọ webụsa ịtịt na-agụ: onye na-  ahụ maka ọgwụ nri, mana Escobar: Paradaịs Lost na- ịgba na-abụ ihe nkiri na- መሪ, ntụziaka, ekele maka ọrụ Benicio del Toro na- elele." N'ịbụ onye na-ede maka Indiewire, Eric Kohn nyere ihe nkiri ahụ B ma too ọrụ nke del Toro na Hutcherson na-ede na del Toro "na-atụgharị Escobar n'ime ụjọ na-adịghị mma nke ikike ịtụ igbu mmadụ n'ụzọ dị mfe na-enye ihe nkiri ahụ na isi iyi egwu" Hutcherson "na-eme ka agwa ahụ nwee nkwenye nke gafere njedebe nke edemede ahụ". Otú ọ dị, Kohn katọkwara ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ọ "adịghị emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọ dị mma dị ka ọ na-eme maka ndị ikom abụọ ya dị n'etiti. N'otu aka ahụ, usoro ihe nkiri ahụ mebiri site na usoro, na-ala azụ mgbe ọ bụla ọ na-akụ ụfọdụ ihe odide melodramatic dị elu, na-echetara anyị. stakes in play with mopey, dime-store gravitas". <ref name="indiewire">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/telluride-review-josh-hutcherson-flees-menacing-benicio-del-toro-in-solid-b-movie-escobar-paradise-lost-20140831|title=Telluride Review: Josh Hutcherson Flees Menacing Benicio Del Toro in Solid B-Movie 'Escobar: Paradise Lost'|publisher=[[Indiewire]]|author=Eric Kohn|date=August 31, 2014|accessdate=August 31, 2014}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2|}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|2515030}} * Escobar: Paradise Lost at Box Office Mojo * Escobar: Paradise Lost at Rotten Tomatoes * Escobar: Paradise Lost at Metacritic [[Òtù:Aha]] 0aiwb1u2997w7jkqwno3qrebzxx8rs5 0 40991 727664 707566 2026-09-24T17:23:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727664 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref name="Organized" />Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo (August 1, 1930), nke a na-akpọ Don Neto, bụ onye nwe ọgwụ [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na onye bụbu onye ndu nke Guadalajara Cartel, otu ndị omempụ ndụ na Jalisco .  Ọ bụ Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo, na Rafael Caro Quintero duziri akwụkwọ a.  Fonseca Carrillo na-egosi aka na akara ọgwụ 1970, bụ isi na [[Ecuador]], ma ike ọrụ ya na Mexico . . <ref name="Bullet">{{Cite book|title=The Bullet Or the Bribe: Taking Down Colombia's Cali Drug Cartel|first=Ron|author=Chepesiuk|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bulletorbribetak0000chep/page/112 112]|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|year=2003|isbn=0-275-97712-9|url=https://archive.org/details/bulletorbribetak0000chep/page/112}}</ref>Fonseca bụ nwanne nna nke onye ndu Juárez Cartel mbụ, Amado Carrillo Fuentes == Ndụ mbido == Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo njikwa na Badiraguato, Sinaloa .  [1] Isi ngosi ekwereghị na kpọmkwem ụbọchị igbu ya.  Dị ka ụgbọ mmiri Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi Ọgwụgwụ (DEA) si kwuo, a chọrọ na 1942. [2] Ebe ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na enyi ya na Ọgọst 1, 1930. [3] Nwa ya nwoke, Gilberto Fonseca  Caro gbagburu ma gbuo na February 13, 1983, na obodo Arena Coliseo na Tijuana na-esote egwuregwu egwuregwu ọkpọ ọkpọ. .Fonseca na ndị na-ere ọgwụ ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ El Búfalo (The Buffalo), ebe a na-azụ anụ na Chihuahua bụ otu n'ime mmiri [marijuana] . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tembladera|first=Carolina Mercedes Cristobal|date=2013-08-01|title=La indagación científica para la enseñanza de las ciencias|url=https://revistas.uncp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontedelaciencia/article/view/200|journal=Horizonte de la Ciencia|language=es|volume=3|issue=5|pages=99–104|doi=10.26490/uncp.horizonteciencia.2016.10.200|issn=2413-936X}}</ref> == Ebo na njide == <ref name="Organized">{{Cite book|title=World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime|url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0000unse_g7l5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0000unse_g7l5/page/167 167]|first=Jay Robert|author=Nash|year=1993|isbn=0-306-80535-9|publisher=Da Capo Press}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNash1993">Nash, Jay Robert (1993). ''World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime''. Da Capo Press. p.&nbsp;167. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/0-306-80535-9|<bdi>0-306-80535-9</bdi>]].</cite></ref>Ndị na-ahụ maka mmanye ọgwụ na United States (DEA) na 1982 boro Fonseca ebubo na ọ na-arụ ọrụ mpụ ego na San Diego .  Tupu DEA anata ikike enyo ebe Fonseca chere na ọ na-ezo, Fonseca gbagara Mexico.  N’April 7, 1985, Fonseca dị na Puerto Vallarta site na ndị agha Mexico, ndị agha Mexico gbara ya gburugburu, ma egbochi ya. <ref name="Organized"/>E mechara kara Fonseca na, ma kweta na ọ na-ekere òkè na, ihe omume gbara ogbugbu onye ọrụ DEA Kiki Camarena 1985, onye ndị ahụ Guadalajara cartel tọrọ ma mekpaa ya.  Fonseca ekwetaghị igbu Camarena ma kwuo na iwe were ya na a tiri onye ọrụ ahụ ihe.  Achọpụtara Fonseca ikpe igbu ọchụ site na usoro ikpe nke Mexico, ma mara ya ikpe ma elele ya afụ 40. == Njide ụlọ == . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180219090537/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/03/31/mexico-court-orders-drug-lord-ernesto-fonseca-carrillo-freed.html Mexico court orders drug lord Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo freed]. Associated Press. 31 March 2017.</ref>Ebufere Fonseca site n'ịhụ gaa n'ahụ n'ahụ na July 2016, n'ihi agadi ya na ahụ ike na-arabara, [1] na ihe dị ka agbaghara mmehie na ịhụ afọ 40 ya == Na mgbasa ozi == Fonseca-Carrillo na Narcos: saịtị Mexico n'aka Joaquín Cosío == Hụkwa == * Guadalajara Cartel * Juarez Cartel * Agha Ọgwụ Ọgwụ Mexico == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fonseca Carrillo, Ernesto}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Aha]] nixosja5fkdisu6sedwmn7ipbx62zw2 0 41072 727753 161568 2026-09-24T23:38:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Haiti Reads''' bụ obere ọgbakọ agụmagụ na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dabere na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na-enye nkwado mmụta nye obodo ndị dị na Haiti. Tọrọ ntọala na 2007 site [[Jeanette Alfred]], ọ dị na [[Chicago]], [[Ilinoi|Illinois]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idealist.org/view/nonprofit/J5Tj9b4bbncp/|title=Haiti Reads}}</ref> ma ugbu a nwere ụyọkọ afọ ofufo na San Diego, [[California]] ; [[Chicago]], [[Ilinoi|Illinois]] ; na Port-au-Prince, Haiti . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://samhaiti.blogspot.com/2009/09/haiti-reads-interview-with-founder.html|title=Thanks for loving Haiti: Haiti reads (An interview with the founder)|date=23 September 2009}}</ref> Ọrụ ya bụ ime ka akwụkwọ nweta ụmụaka na ndị toro eto na Haiti, n'agbanyeghị agụm akwụkwọ ha ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ego ha, yana iguzobe ụlọ ọrụ na mba niile nke na-enye akụrụngwa mmụta maka ndị nkuzi na inye ọzụzụ nkuzi zuru oke. Na mgbakwunye na ịkwadebe ndị nkuzi, Haiti Reads bu n'obi ịnye ndị na-erughị eru na obodo ọzụzụ. Na-enye akwụkwọ n'asụsụ dị iche iche gụnyere Haitian Creole na [[Asụsụ French|French]], Haiti Reads nweburu ma rụọ ọrụ Bibliyotèk 54, ọbá akwụkwọ obodo (na Carrefour Quest, Port-au-Prince, Haiti). Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ dị na Delmas 24 ruo 2009, mana ebugara ya mgbe ala ọma jijiji nke Jenụwarị 2010 gasịrị mgbe ụlọ ahụ mebiri emebi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.slj.com/bowllansblog/2010/02/04/writers-against-racism-haiti-reads-library-jeanette-lemons-attisso/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-04-07 |archivedate=2015-12-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210232147/http://blogs.slj.com/bowllansblog/2010/02/04/writers-against-racism-haiti-reads-library-jeanette-lemons-attisso/ }}</ref> Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ kwagara n'ebe ole na ole ndị ọzọ, na nso nso a, esoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ kọmputa kesara ụlọ ahụ site n'ikike onye nwe ya. N'ụzọ dị mwute, onye nwe ya tụfuru iji ụlọ ya n'ihi esemokwu ihe onwunwe n'ime ezinụlọ ya, na Haiti Reads anaghịzi arụ ọrụ Bibliyotèk 54. Kama, enwere ike ịhụ nchịkọta akwụkwọ Haiti na-agụ ugbu a n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na mpaghara Port-au-Prince, gụnyere: Ecole de la Saint Famille - Ecole Elementaire, rue Chavannes, Pationville; Ecole de la Saint Famille - Ecole Secondaire, rue Chavannes, Pationville; Agape PAP Ụlọ Ọrụ Ozi Ozi Ala Ọzọ, Delmas 79, Delmas; College de la Restauration Educative (CRED), Rte de Desca, Te Sale, Cabaret; Ecole Fils Aime - Ecole Elementaire, Guitton de Cabaret; Ecole Fils Aime - College Secondaire, Guitton de Cabaret; Alexander na Myrtle Chabot Memorial Library, Holiness Mission, Pationville; Ụlọ ọrụ Mixte la Bergenrie du Savoir (IMBS), Rue Stenio Vincent, Pationville; na Ecole Professionel Odrere Sanon, rue Stenio Vincent, Pationville. Ndị otu ugbu a nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ha gụnyere: [[Jeanette Alfred]], Onye guzobere na Onye isi ala; [[Bobbi Weaver]], osote onye isi oche na onye ndụmọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ; [[Gerald Alfred]], Onye nkuzi egwu na onye nhazi maka Kicks maka Haiti; [[Jean Baptiste Franzy]], Onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na onye nwe / onye nduzi ọrụ Peinture Haiti; [[Jean Erik]], Onye ọrụ afọ ofufo; [[Zaza Francois]], Kash-Kash Gallery Onye nlekọta / onye nwe ya; na [[Peter Dalce]], Onye nwe / Director nke Zola Tech. ''Nkịta m Lucy'' bụ akwụkwọ mbụ Jeanette Alfred bipụtara, na-enweta ego na-aga na Haiti Reads. == Mmemme == N'akụkụ inye akwụkwọ n'obodo ebe ọbá akwụkwọ dị, Haiti Reads na-enyekwa ntụziaka CPR <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haitireads.org/cpr-instruction.html|title=CPR Instruction}}</ref> ma na-enye ihe onwunwe iji mụọ Haitian Creole. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haitireads.org/learn-haitian-kreyol.html|title=Learn Haitian Kreyol}}</ref> == Edensibia == Na 1987, Haitian Project guzobere [[Ụlọ akwụkwọ Louverture Cleary|Louverture Cleary School]], ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Katọlik na Croix des Bouquets, Haiti. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.brownalumnimagazine.com/content/view/2575/32/|title=The Brothers Moynihan|publisher=Brown Alumni Magazine|accessdate=21 September 2011|first=Beth|author=Schwartzapfel|date=May–June 2010}}</ref> [[Brian Moynihan]] bụ onye enyemaka nke ụlọ akwụkwọ; nwanne ya nwoke Patrick ghọrọ onye nduzi ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/09/ex_traders_vision_keeps_schools_mission_clear/?page=full/|title=A Learning Oasis Buoyed by a Convert's Vision: Amid Haiti's devastation, Patrick Moynihan Presses on|publisher=The Boston Globe|accessdate=20 September 2011|first=Brian|author=MacQuarrie|date=2010-02-09|archive-date=2014-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209213428/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/09/ex_traders_vision_keeps_schools_mission_clear/?page=full/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Patrick, onye bụbu onye na-ere ahịa ngwa ahịa maka [[Ụlọ ọrụ Louis Dreyfus Group|Louis]]{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://www.facebook.com/HaitiReads Facebook page] aa9cbt3nj0nne2ok1w502grhb82cm8z 0 41228 727905 158978 2026-09-25T11:14:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727905 wikitext text/x-wiki   KGRX-LD na KGRY-LD ni vituo vya runinga vya kiwango cha chini kwenye chaneli 19 na 28 zinazohudumia Phoenix, Arizona, Marekani, eneo la mji mkuu kupitia visambaza sauti vya Milima ya Kusini.  Imepewa leseni ya kuhudumia Jumuiya ya Wahindi wa Gila River na inayomilikiwa na Gila River Telecommunications, kampuni ya kabila, KGRY-LD inafanya kazi katika umbizo la ATSC 3.0 (Next Gen TV) na kuauni uzinduzi ujao wa Evoca, huduma ya TV ya kujisajili, katika eneo la Phoenix.  .  KGRX-LD ilifanya kazi hapo awali kwenye ATSC 3.0 Kampuni hizi ni tofauti na Shirika la Utangazaji la Gila River, ambalo hupeperusha Habari za First Nations (FNX) kupitia vipeperushi katika Jumuiya yenyewe. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Mnamo Januari 2012, Tume ya Mawasiliano ya Shirikisho ilitoa vibali vya ujenzi vya Jumuiya ya Wahindi ya Gila River kwa ajili ya vituo kadhaa vya televisheni kuwa ndani na kuidhinishwa kuhudumia kabila hilo.  Hizi ni pamoja na K19JT-D na K28MO-D.  Hata hivyo, ilikuwa zaidi ya miaka saba hadi kazi ilipoanza tena katika kampuni;  kwa upande wa K28MO-D, gazeti la Gila River lazima lionyeshe kuwa KCOS-LP, kituo cha muda mrefu cha analogi kwenye chaneli 28 ambayo leseni yake bado iko kwenye vitabu, inafanya kazi. N'August 2021, ndị na-ebugharị batara ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ maka ọnwa mbụ na mmemme FNX na ọnọdụ ATSC 1.0. Na Septemba 20, 2021, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ tụgharịrị gaa na ATSC 3.0, n'agbanyeghị na Evoca ka ga-amalite na mpaghara Phoenix. Subchannel dị maka ikesa ikuku nke ọrụ atọ akwụ ụgwọ. Dị ka ọ dị na Boise, ndị ahịa ga-akwụ $9.50 kwa ọnwa maka igbe Evoca's Scout, nke nwere ike ịnata ATSC 1.0, ATSC 3.0, na ọdịnaya brọdband. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nexttv.com/blogs/evocas-lptv-30-service-to-debut-in-phoenix-around-labor-day|work=Broadcasting & Cable|date=August 20, 2021|first=Gary|author=Arlen|title=Evoca's LPTV 3.0 Service to Debut in Phoenix 'Around Labor Day'|accessdate=October 6, 2021}}</ref> Ukiwa katika masoko ya Boise na Colorado Springs, Evoca hubeba mtandao muhimu wa michezo wa kikanda ambao hauwezi kufanya huko Phoenix.  Kulingana na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Evoca Todd Achilles, hii ni kwa sababu Sinclair Broadcast Group inasisitiza kwamba, ikiwa Evoca inataka kuchukua Bally Sports Arizona, ni lazima ilipe ada ya uidhinishaji wa utumaji upya kwa kampuni ya utangazaji ya Sinclair katika soko la Boise (CBS Affiliate KBOI-TV na CW). Mshirika wa KYUU-LD).  [1] Mnamo Aprili 2022, KGRX-LD ilirudi kwa ATSC 1.0, ikitaja ukosefu wa vipokezi.  Walirejea ATSC 1.0 wakiwa na maudhui kutoka mitandao miwili tofauti ya kisiasa, Newsmax2 na Real America Voice.  Baadaye iligundulika kuwa kituo hicho kilikuwa kikiendeshwa na mtu wa tatu, na "Jumuiya kwa sasa inazingatia chaguzi zote za kuondoa programu hii, ambayo haiungi mkono."  [2] Kufikia Januari 2023 mitandao yote miwili imeondolewa kwenye chaneli na sasa ina uigizaji wa stesheni dada KGRQ-LD na KGRF-LD, washirika wawili wa FNX.  [3] KGRY-LD inaendelea kutangaza kwenye ATSC 3.0 {| class="wikitable" |+Ọwa ntanetị nke KGRX-LD <ref name="kgrxsub">{{Cite web|work=rabbitears.info|url=https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KGRX-LD#station|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KGRX-LD|accessdate=May 7, 2022}}</ref> ! scope="col" | Ọwa ! scope="col" | Vidiyo ! scope="col" | Akụkụ ! scope="col" | Aha mkpirisi ! scope="col" | Mmemme |- ! scope="row" | 19.1 | 1080i | rowspan="2" | 16:9 | | FNX (simulcast nke [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi Osimiri Gila|GRBC]] ) |- ! scope="row" | 19.5 | 480i | TCN | Netwọk obodo |} Vituo vyote vya ATSC 3.0 lazima vitoe angalau chaneli moja ya vipindi vya televisheni bila malipo.  Kama ilivyo kwa visambazaji Evoca vya Boise, kazi hii inakamilishwa kwa kutangaza BYU TV kwenye kila utumaji.  Evoca inatoa programu zingine kwa kutumia huduma za mseto za ATSC 3.0, kama vile Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) huko Uropa. Miduara ya kijani inaonyesha huduma zilizofichwa zilizolipwa. {| class="wikitable" |+Ọwa obere nke KGRY-LD ! scope="col" style="background-color: #bdbdff" | Ọwa ! scope="col" style="background-color: #bdbdff" | Vidiyo ! scope="col" style="background-color: #bdbdff" | Akụkụ ! scope="col" style="background-color: #bdbdff" | Aha mkpirisi ! scope="col" style="background-color: #bdbdff" | Mmemme <ref name="kgrysub">{{Cite web|work=rabbitears.info|url=https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KGRY-LD#station|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KGRY-LD|accessdate=April 19, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 28.1 | | | BYUKGRY | BYU TV |- style="background-color: #CEF2E0" ! scope="row" | 100.090 | | | Criosty | CuriosityStream |- style="background-color: #CEF2E0" ! scope="row" | 100.100 | | | Nghọta | Insight TV |- style="background-color: #CEF2E0" ! scope="row" | 100.133 | | | Mav TV | MAVTV |- style="background-color: #CEF2E0" ! scope="row" | 100.141 | | | NFL | Netwọk NFL |} * KBSE-LD na KEVA-LD, ndị na-ebufe Evoca na Boise, Idaho * [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi Osimiri Gila|Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Gila River]] == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240419165313/https://evoca.tv/arizona/ Arizona page on the Evoca TV website] [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 9oaislv3cg0su74r0gm4xfjq1meu5gy 0 41553 727635 164333 2026-09-24T14:08:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Ụlọ ọrụ omenala ndị Juu nke London''' ( '''LJCC''' ; nke bụbu Ụlọ Ọrụ Spiro) bụ òtù ọrụ ebere dabeere (site na 2005) na [[Ivy House]], ụlọ mbụ nke prima ballerina Anna Pavlova, na North End Road, Golders Green, London. <ref name="Dysch 180914">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/122915/two-cultural-institutions-very-different-stories|title=Two cultural institutions with very different stories|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=18 September 2014|accessdate=20 September 2014|author=Dysch, Marcus|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024642/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/122915/two-cultural-institutions-very-different-stories|url-status=dead}}</ref> O nyere mmemme nkuzi nke nkuzi, mmemme na ihe omume ntụrụndụ. <ref name="About">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ljcc.org.uk/about/background|title=Exploring, Learning, Connecting at the London Jewish Cultural Centre|publisher=London Jewish Cultural Centre|work=Background|accessdate=6 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230055439/http://www.ljcc.org.uk/about/background|archivedate=30 December 2013}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2014 a mara ọkwa na London Juu Cultural Center ga-ejikọta na JW3, ndị Juu Community Center London. JW3 na LJCC jikọrọ aka na Maachị 2015, na-etolite otu, ụlọ ọrụ emelitere. Nzukọ a jikọtara ọnụ na-eme mmemme dị iche iche site na saịtị JW3 na Finchley Road, London. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == A na-akpọbu LJCC dị ka '''ụlọ ọrụ Spiro''' . Robin Spiro na nwunye ya Nitza mere Spiro Institute, <ref name="Spiro lecture">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jw3.org.uk/event/jw3-presents-inaugural-annual-spiro-lecture#.Usr1nbQ3UYI|title=JW3 presents the inaugural annual Spiro lecture|publisher=[[JW3]]|work=Events|date=January 2014|accessdate=6 January 2014|archivedate=6 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106204813/https://www.jw3.org.uk/event/jw3-presents-inaugural-annual-spiro-lecture#.Usr1nbQ3UYI}}</ref> <ref name="Palgrave">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hJc8afOZV0QC&q=nitza+robin+spiro&pg=PA948|title=Spiro, Robin Myer|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|date=2011|accessdate=6 January 2014|editor=Rubinstein, William D|page=Hilary L. Rubinstein|pages=948|isbn=9781403939104}}</ref> onye bụ onye isi oche ya site na 1983 ruo 1998. == Nhazi == Louise Jacobs nọchiri anya Trudy Gold dị ka onye isi nchịkwa na 2011 <ref name="Joseph">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thejc.com/community/community-news/ljcc-chief-cooks-up-a-cultural-alternative-1.27441|title=LJCC chief cooks up a cultural alternative|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=8 September 2011|accessdate=27 January 2021|author=Joseph, Anne}}</ref> wee nọgide na ya ruo 31 Jenụwarị 2015, mgbe ọ gbadara na Raymond Simonson, onye isi ndị isi JW3 ga-anọchi ya. Michael Marx bụ onyeisi oche. <ref name="About"/> == Ọmụmụ Oké Mgbukpọ == Ngalaba Nkuzi Mgbukpọ na Mgbochi ịkpa oke agbụrụ nke LJCC chọrọ ịlụso ajọ mbunobi na ajọ mbunobi ọgụ site na agụmakwụkwọ na imesi ike mkpa Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ maka mmadụ n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-eme mmemme mmụta na UK, yana - n'okpuru nkwado nke [[International Task Force for Holocaust Education]] - na Eastern Europe na na China. Ngalaba ahụ dụrụkwa ọtụtụ òtù ọdụ, gụnyere BBC, n'okwu metụtara Oké Mgbukpọ na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. <ref name="Holocaust">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ljcc.org.uk/holocaust/|title=Introduction: Holocaust and Anti-Racism Department|publisher=London Jewish Cultural Centre|work=Holocaust & Anti-Racism|accessdate=27 January 2021|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140107053350/http://www.ljcc.org.uk/holocaust/|archivedate=7 January 2014}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2011, na nkwado nke Michael Gove, onye bụ mgbe ahụ Secretary nke State for Education, LJCC malitere ''Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ kọwara'', ebe nrụọrụ weebụ agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. <ref name="Elgot">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejc.com/holocaust-memorial-day/44228/michael-gove-backs-holocaust-study-aid-schools|title=Michael Gove backs Holocaust study aid for schools|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=27 January 2011|accessdate=6 January 2014|author=Elgot, Jessica|archive-date=6 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106194640/http://www.thejc.com/holocaust-memorial-day/44228/michael-gove-backs-holocaust-study-aid-schools|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Envoy">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-envoy-for-post-holocaust-issues-launches-the-holocaust-explained-website|title=UK Envoy for post-Holocaust issues launches 'The Holocaust Explained' website|publisher=[[Her Majesty's Government]]|work=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]|accessdate=6 January 2014}}</ref> == Art == Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ihe osise 97 nke onye omenkà Yonia Fain (amụrụ 1913). <ref name="Paintings">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/galleries/locations/london-jewish-cultural-centre-6511|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130706/http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/galleries/locations/london-jewish-cultural-centre-6511|archivedate=24 September 2015|title=London Jewish Cultural Centre|publisher=[[BBC]]|work=Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection|accessdate=6 January 2014}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20001206215500/http://www.ljcc.org.uk/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [http://www.theholocaustexplained.org/ ''Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ kọwara'' – webụsaịtị agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị] muw64yoct4vnwy1qc1nurpnsyxwofmk 0 41828 727815 159846 2026-09-25T04:21:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727815 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''India Organic''' bụ akara asambodo maka ngwaahịa nri a na-akọ n'ụdị arụpụtara na India. Akara asambodo na-egosi na ngwaahịa nri organic na-akwado ụkpụrụ mba maka ngwaahịa Organic <ref>[http://apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/organic/ORGANIC_CONTENTS/National_Programme_for_Organic_Production.htm APEDA. 'National Standards for Organic Products.']</ref> nke hibere na 2000. Ụkpụrụ ndị ahụ na-achọpụta na ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa ejiri na ngwaahịa ahụ bụ nke toro site na ịkọ ugbo, na-ejighị fatịlaịza kemịkalụ, pesticides, ma ọ bụ homonụ kpalitere. A na-enye asambodo a site na ụlọ ọrụ nnwale nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-ebupụ ngwaahịa na-ebupụ nri (APEDA) <ref>[http://www.apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/organic/Organic_Products.htm Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority. 'Organic products'.]</ref> n'okpuru ''mmemme mba maka mmepụta Organic'' nke gọọmentị India . <ref name="ecoworld">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecoworld.com/atmosphere/effects/organic-farming-in-india.html|title=Ecoworld. Organic Farming in India.|accessdate=2012-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104181356/http://www.ecoworld.com/atmosphere/effects/organic-farming-in-india.html|archivedate=2012-01-04}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nabard.org/fileupload/databank/occasionalpapers/oc%2038.pdf|title=Nabard. Paper on organic farming.|accessdate=2012-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125074927/http://www.nabard.org/fileupload/databank/occasionalpapers/oc%2038.pdf|archivedate=2011-11-25}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na ụkpụrụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 2000, atụmatụ asambodo na ya mere akara asambodo malitere na 2002. <ref name="ecoworld"/> == Jaivik Bharat == Dị ka ntụpọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ & uhie na ngwaahịa iji gosi ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ onye anaghị eri anụ ma ọ bụ ndị anaghị eri anụ, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) na Disemba 2017, webatara akara Jaivik Bharat iji nyere ndị ahịa aka ịmata ezigbo nri organic. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prakati.in/jaivik-bharat-indias-organic-product-consumer-label/|title=Jaivik Bharat: India's Organic Product Consumer Label|date=4 August 2019}}</ref> Onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa nri [[Nchebe Nri na Ụkpụrụ nke India|FSSAI]] ekwela ka obere ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, na-enwe ntụgharị kwa afọ karịa Rs 12 lakh, ka ha ree ihe ha mepụtara ozugbo iji kwụsị ndị na-azụ ahịa na-enweghị asambodo ruo Eprel 2020, mana enweghị ike iji 'Jaivik Bharat logo' na ngwaahịa ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/sell-organic-produce-without-certification-till-2020-do-not-use-jaivik-bharat-logo-fssai-tells-farmers/story/348313.html|title=Sell organic produce without certification till 2020, don't use 'Jaivik Bharat logo': FSSAI tells farmers|date=20 May 2019}}</ref> Ndị otu na-agba gọọmentị ume ka ha kwalite akara ngosi [[Jaivik Bharat]] na usoro asambodo iji mee ka nri organic bụrụ ntụkwasị obi ma dị mfe nghọta na [[Ndia|India]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/govt-should-promote-use-of-jaivik-bharat-logo-to-push-organic-food-industry/1628122|title=''Govt should promote use of Jaivik Bharat logo to push organic food industry''|access-date=2024-04-12|archive-date=2021-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725034225/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/govt-should-promote-use-of-jaivik-bharat-logo-to-push-organic-food-industry/1628122|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 4yc1bvy0n9no5ei3t8x0yc578vc57i2 0 41888 727781 159959 2026-09-25T01:40:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727781 wikitext text/x-wiki Huruma bụ ụlọ nwere obere ego dị na ugwo egwuregwu Nairobi, isi obodo Kenya.  Ọ gbara Kariobangi na Dandora n'ịmụ ndị egwuregwu, Moi Air Base na ndịda, Mathare n'ebe ugwu ruo ,ụ egwuregwu yana Eastleigh na ndị egwuregwu egwuregwu N'April 2016, n'oge mmiri ozuzo Kenya, ụlọ dara na Huruma kpatara ọnwụ nke mmadụ 52. E boro onye nwe ụlọ ahụ, Samuel Karanja Kamau, ebubo igbu mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nairobi building collapse: Samuel Karanja Kamau charged with manslaughter|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36471295|accessdate=June 13, 2017|work=[[BBC]]|date=7 June 2016}}</ref> == Ndị ama ama == * George Hussein Onyango Obama - nwanne nne nke onye isi ala US na nwa nwanne ya Ali Abubakar Otieno [[Barack Obama]] <ref>{{Cite news|first=Nick|author=Pisa|title=Barack Obama's 'lost' brother found in Kenya|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/uselection2008/barackobama/2590614/Barack-Obamas-lost-brother-found-in-Kenya.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=August 21, 2008|accessdate=2008-08-23|archive-date=2008-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820223312/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/uselection2008/barackobama/2590614/Barack-Obamas-lost-brother-found-in-Kenya.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Baliga, Nisha. (2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060907114650/http://www.urban.columbia.edu/people/alumni/2005thesis_pdf/Nisha_Baliga_Thesis_2005.pdf Nkwalite Ogbe dabere na nhazi oge: Nghọta sitere na Nairobi, Kenya] . Thesis Masters, Masters of Science in Urban Planning, Mahadum Columbia. * G21 ỤBỌCHỊ OTU - " [https://web.archive.org/web/20061008053304/http://www.g21.net/do217.htm Chukua Hatua (Were nzọụkwụ)] " [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 3d4cpue3a5lszf1nnv4kzvft7ny2sok 0 42103 727625 163598 2026-09-24T13:44:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox NRHP|name=Richard Nixon Birthplace|nrhp_type=nhl|image=Nixonhouse.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=|locmapin=USA California|map_width=250<!-- 235 -->|map_caption=|location=18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard, [[Yorba Linda, California|Yorba Linda]], [[Orange County, California]], U.S.|coordinates={{coord|33|53|22|N|117|49|5|W|region:US-CA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}|area={{convert|3|acre|ha}} (landmarked area)|built={{start date|1912}}|architect=|architecture=[[California Bungalow]]|added=December 17, 1971|designated_nrhp_type=May 31, 1973<ref name=nhl_summary>{{Cite web |title=Richard Nixon Birthplace |work=National Historic Landmark Quicklinks |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1078&resourceType=Building |access-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008160438/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1078&resourceType=Building |archive-date=8 October 2012 |accessdate=13 April 2024 |archivedate=8 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008160438/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1078&resourceType=Building }}</ref><ref name="nhlsum">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121008160438/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1078&resourceType=Building NHL Summary] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008160438/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1078&resourceType=Building |date=October 8, 2012 }}</ref>|designated_other1=California|designated_other1_number=1015|designated_other1_date=October 1, 1994<ref name=CHL>{{cite ohp|1015|Birthplace of Richard Nixon|2012-10-11}}</ref>|visitation_num=|visitation_year=|refnum=71000171<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2010a}}</ref>}}{{Databox}}'''Ebe amụrụ Richard Nixon''' bụ ebe ọmụmụ na ebe nwata Richard Nixon, onye isi ala 37th [[President of the United States|nke United States]] . Ọ dị na ala nke Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum na Yorba Linda, California, ma na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke ụlọ . E wuru ụlọ ahụ na 1912 na ebe a na-azụ anụ ezinụlọ; A mụrụ Nixon n'ebe ahụ n'afọ na-esote. Ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo 1922, mgbe ha kwagara Whittier, California . Ahọpụtara ụlọ mbụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ National Historic Landmark na 1973, na California Historical Landmark na 1994. == Nkọwa na akụkọ ihe mere eme == The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Yorba Linda Boulevard na nkwụsị ya na Eureka Avenue, ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Yorba Linda. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-achịkwa ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala; Ebe amụrụ ya dị na ebe nzuzo dị ntakịrị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke nnukwu ụlọ ahụ, n'osisi osisi. Ọ bụ a  akụkọ bungalow ụdị onye omenkà, nke nwere elu ụlọ elu na mpụta kụkọchara. Ihu elu ụlọ nke dị n'ebe ugwu nwere nnukwu ụlọ ebe a na-ehicha akwa, na mkpuchi mkpuchi ga-echekwa ọnụ ụzọ mbata. Ụfọdụ n'ime windo ya nwere sashes-pane ma ọ bụ pane. <ref name="nomination">{{Cite web|author=McDermott|first=John D.|title=Richard Nixon Birthplace|work=National Register of Historic Places - Inventory Nomination Form|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|date=June 30, 1969|url={{NHLS url|id=71000171}}|format=pdf|accessdate=19 May 2012}}</ref> Nixon hibere ọgbakọ ọbá akwụkwọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na 1968, mgbe o meriri ntuli aka mbụ ya dị ka onye isi ala. Mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ nyefere ụlọ ahụ n'aka nzukọ ahụ na 1988. E kwatuola ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, e guzobekwara ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'ogige ahụ. <ref name="npstravel">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/nixon_birthplace.html|title=Richard Nixon Birthplace|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2018-02-01|archive-date=2017-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514041450/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/nixon_birthplace.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ala ala akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba na California * Ndebanye aha obodo nke ndepụta ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na Orange County, California * Ihe ncheta onye isi ala na United States == Edensibia == akụkọ bungalow ụdị onye omenkà, nke nwere elu ụlọ elu na mpụta kụkọchara. Ihu elu ụlọ nke{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180804023821/https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/themuseum/thebirthplace.php Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum: Richard Nixon Ebe amụrụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070313173114/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/Presidents/site1.htm Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ Mba: Ebe ọmụmụ Nixon] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191218165037/http://www.nixonfoundation.org/ Richard Nixon Foundation] * [http://www.sears-homes.com/2012/01/unknown-origin-of-richard-nixons-mail.html Sears-homes: "Ihe Amaghị Mmalite nke Richard Nixon's Mail-Order House."] * * Huell Howser . [https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2000/01/08/nixon-boyhood-home-californias-gold-2007/ Ụlọ Nixon Boyhood.] [https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2000/01/08/nixon-boyhood-home-californias-gold-2007/ ''Gold nke California'' .] 26k32n8yvnbckep3qfmikqjzogcj4to 0 42139 727631 692983 2026-09-24T13:54:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Usòrò:Hat_from_Handmade_Arcade_Pittsburgh.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|333x333px| Okpu nwere mmetụta zụtara n'ime Arcade Handmade 2009.]] '''Handmade Arcade''' bụ ihe ngosi nka nwere onwe kwa afọ na Pittsburgh, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] . Ihe ngosi a na-elekwasị anya na ihe na usoro na-adigide, emelitere, megharịa, na [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi|gburugburu ebe obibi]] . Ndị na-ere ahịa si n'ọtụtụ steeti; na 2012, sonyere si 15 dị iche iche na-ekwu. Dị ka ihe atụ, akụkụ ụfọdụ na-agụnye obere akpa e ji akwụkwọ ndị e megharịrị arụgharị arụgharị, eriri igwefoto ndị e ji ákwà vine kpụọ, ọla ndị e ji ihe ndị a chọtara mee, ohiri isi ndị e si na T-shirts vine rụọ, na ihe ndị a na-asa ahụ́ na ihe ndị e ji eme ihe. <ref name="pdf">{{cite press release | title =HA News Release | date =November 9, 2012 | url =http://www.handmadearcade.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/HAPressRelease_11_9_12.pdf | accessdate =February 10, 2013 | archive-date =April 2, 2015 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121928/http://www.handmadearcade.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/HAPressRelease_11_9_12.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> Ndị bịara ya eruola 10,000. N'afọ 2007 na 2009, ọ meriri onyinye nturu ugo ndị mmadụ maka emume nka kacha mma site na Council Greater Pittsburgh Arts Council. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Zuchowski|first=Dave|title=Armory offers handmade goods, history|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=December 10, 2009|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-south/armory-offers-handmade-goods-history-370672/|accessdate=February 10, 2013|archive-date=June 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630022658/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-south/armory-offers-handmade-goods-history-370672/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Emere Arcade Handmade nke mbụ na 2004 na Nrụpụta Nrụpụta na Point Breeze . <ref name="2004gormly">{{Cite news|author=Gormly|first=Kellie B.|title=Young indie vendors sell handmade crafts at show|work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|date=November 13, 2004|url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/lifestyles/homegarden/s_272251.html|accessdate=February 10, 2013}}</ref> Onye malitere ya bụ Gloria Forouzan nke Lawrenceville . <ref name="mother" /> Ego Sprout nyere ego dị oke mkpa maka mmemme mbụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Levine|first=Marty|title=Ten tenacious years for The Sprout Fund. So what's next?|work=[[Pop City Media]]|date=January 18, 2012|url=http://www.popcitymedia.com/features/sproutfund011812.aspx|accessdate=February 10, 2013}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ, ndị bịaranụ bụ 1,000, na-ere ahịa 60. <ref name="mother">{{Cite news|author=Agostino|first=Michael|title=Handmade Arcade is not your mother's crafts show|work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|date=November 9, 2005|url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/more/s_392495.html|accessdate=February 10, 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bịara ya na ndị na-ere ahịa amụbaala okpukpu abụọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=McNulty|first=Timothy|title=Handmade Arcade: Crafts from the underground|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=November 9, 2006|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sectionfront/life/handmade-arcade-crafts-from-the-underground-458406/|accessdate=February 10, 2013}}</ref> Ụdị 2006 hụrụ ndị bịara 5,000. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Gormly|first=Kellie B.|title=Handmade Arcade opens window to one-of-a-kind wares|work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|date=November 9, 2007|url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/lifestyles/fashion/s_537035.html|accessdate=February 10, 2013}}</ref> Na 2008, ọ kwagara na Hunt Armory . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Gormly|first=Kellie B.|title=Handmade Arcade offers distinctive crafts|work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/more/s_597366.html|accessdate=February 10, 2013}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2011, ndị bịara ya amụbaala ruo 7,000, na-enye ohere ịkwaga David L. Lawrence Convention Center <ref>{{Cite news|author=Klimovich Harrop|first=JoAnne|title=Artisans showcase custom crafts at Handmade Arcade|work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|date=November 11, 2011|url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/s_766647.html|accessdate=February 10, 2013}}</ref> == Edensibia == ákwà vine kpụọ, ọla ndị e ji ihe ndị a chọtara mee, mmemme mbụ ahụ. N'afọ ahụ, ndị bịaranụ bụ 1,000{{Reflist}} axg6hn2szzt7teot68o6zqm2ns36inf 0 42531 727633 177224 2026-09-24T14:03:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727633 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Pennsylvania Railroad Depot and Baggage Room.jpg|thumb|Pennsylvania Railroad Depot and Baggage Room.]] {{Reflist}}  Dennison bụ ọdụ ụgbọ oloko ihe mere eme dị na 400 Center Street na Dennison, Ohio .  Ewubere ebe nchekwa ahụ n'etiti 1884 na 1900, ma wuo ụlọ akpa ahụ ihe dịka 1912. Ọdụ ụgbọ ahụ dị n'etiti Dennison na Uhrichsville, Ohio, wee jeere obodo abụọ ahụ ozi. . <ref name="nhl_nom">{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Jeff|title=National Historic Landmark Nomination: Pennsylvania Railroad Depot and Baggage Room|url=http://www.nps.gov/nhl/Fall10Noms/PennDepot.pdf|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|accessdate=March 24, 2012|date=December 11, 2007|archive-date=July 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708162559/http://www.nps.gov/nhl/Fall10Noms/PennDepot.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>A kacha mara ebe nchekwa ahụ dị ka ebe obibi nke Dennison Depot Salvation Army Servicemen's Canteen n'oge Agha mgbaàmà nke .  oriri na-akpata, nke na-arụ ọrụ site na 1942 ruo 1946, nyere ụgbọ oloko ndị agha na-agafe Dennison nri ume ọhụrụ.  Dennison nwa awụ Lucille Nussdorfer-abụ aro ụlọ oriri na mgbe;  Ndị Agha Nzọpụta na kọmitii ụmụ amaala ya n'okpuru ntụzịaka nke Captain Salvation Army Captain Edward Johnson.  Dị ka Dennison bụ ebe nkewa na Pennsylvania Railroad, ụgbọ oloko ọ lalara Dennison ịhụnanya ebe ahụ;  Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ọrụ ụlọ nri ahụ kwere nkwa ijere onye agha ọ bla na-agafe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ozi, ụlọ nri ahụ mechara jee ozi nde ndị agha 1.3, 13% nke ndị agha US.  Ndị ọrụ afọ 4,000, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị inyom si n'achọ gbara ya gburugburu, Munich ọrụ ụlọ oriri na ekiri n'oge agha;  ụlọ oriri na ụlọ bụ ụlọ oriri na mgba Salvation Army nke atọ ejekwa na mba ahụ.  oriri oriri na-abịa mara nke ọma n'etiti ndị agha, na aha ya ọgụ n'ebe i mere US;  ọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ dị anya dị ka Pittsfield, Massachusetts, e jiri ya ika ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị na New York City na Chicago, ma mee ka Captain Johnson ihe onye a na-amata na East Coast.  Ndị agha iso Dennison "Dreamsville, USA", ntụaka maka obere obodo dị mma na egwu Glenn Miller Etinyere ọdụ ahụ na Ndebanye aha Mba nke Ebe ọmụmụ ihe mere eme na September 8, 1976, dị ka ebe nchekwa ụgbọ okporo ụzọ Pennsylvania na ọnụ ụlọ akpa .  Ọ bụrụ akara ngosi obodo na June 17, 2011. Ugbu a ọ bụ ụlọ ngosi mgbe ochie nke mpaghara. == Ntụaka ==   == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://dennisondepot.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Dennison Depot] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210405035234/https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/wom/2012/Pennsylvania_Railroad_Depot_And_Baggage_Room.htm Ndebanye aha mba nke mmemme ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme: Ihe ngosi ọnwa akụkọ ihe mere eme ụmụ nwanyị 2012 - Ebe nchekwa ụgbọ okporo ígwè Pennsylvania na ọnụ ụlọ akpa, Dennison, Ohio] [[Òtù:Aha]] j4kxx7qeabm7o5tu4j4hjctrwl5r6hi 0 42678 727628 393243 2026-09-24T13:50:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox NRHP|name=Ephraim Relief Society Granary|nrhp_type=|image=Granary Arts.jpg|caption=|location=86 N. Main St., [[Ephraim, Utah]]|coordinates={{coord|39.361129|N|111.586817|W|source:Doncram|display=inline,title}}|locmapin=Utah#USA|built=|architect OR builder=|architecture=|added=September 30, 2019|area=|refnum=100004481<ref name=weekly>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-20191011.htm |title=Weekly list |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003043718/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-20191011.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} Ephraim Relief Society Granary bụ igbe okwute nwere okpukpu abụọ [1] dị na 86 N. Main St. Ephraim, Utah nke ihe na National Register of Historic Places na 2019 <ref name="history">{{Cite web|url=https://www.granaryarts.org/history-of-the-ephraim-relief-society-granary|title=History of the Ephraim Relief Society Granary|author=Rhonda Lauritzen|accessdate=October 31, 2019}}</ref>Ọ bụ ụlọ Otu Enyem-aka nke e wuru na 1870s Ọ bụ ụlọ okwute nwere okpukpu abụọ, ihe dị ka 30 by 50 feet (9.1 m × 15.2 m) na atụmatụ. Ọ chere ihu na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Main St. na Ifrem. <ref name="nrhpdoc" /> E megharịrị ya na 1991. <ref name="nrhpdoc">{{Cite web|url=https://history.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/UT_Sanpete-County_Ephraim-RS-Granary.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Ephraim Relief Society Granary (DRAFT)|author=Shalae Larsen|date=May 2, 2019|publisher=State of Utah|accessdate=}}</ref> <ref name="history"/>Ọ bụ ụlọ nke "Granary Arts", ụlọ ọrụ nka na onye ọchịchị obodo. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 4g4t3qtvc220h6i4wns9nsw8hk02vz5 0 43330 727660 162688 2026-09-24T16:52:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Nkè Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative bụ ọrụ na Mahadum California, San Francisco, nke Salesforce nchoputa na ngalaba-CEO Marc Benioff na nri ya Lynne Benioff. Ejiri nde mmadụ $30 nde sitere na Benioff hiwere ya na Mee 1, 2019. Onye isi ya bụ Margot Kushel, MD. <ref name="nytimesgives30m">{{Cite news|title=San Francisco Billionaire Gives $30M to Study Homelessness|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/05/01/us/ap-us-san-francisco-homelessness-.html|accessdate=May 1, 2019|work=The New York Times|date=May 1, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="sfchronicledonates">{{Cite news|author=Fagan|first=Kevin|title=Salesforce CEO Benioff donates $30 million to UCSF to study homelessness|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Once-again-SF-philanthropist-puts-up-big-money-13808735.php|accessdate=May 1, 2019|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=May 1, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="forbesgives30m">{{Cite news|author=Au-Yeung|first=Angel|title=Marc Benioff Gives $30 Million To UCSF For Research To Solve Homelessness|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/05/01/marc-benioff-gives-30-million-to-ucsf-for-research-to-solve-homelessness/#1d2b702f7888|accessdate=May 1, 2019|work=Forbes|date=May 1, 2019|archive-date=May 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501121702/https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/05/01/marc-benioff-gives-30-million-to-ucsf-for-research-to-solve-homelessness/#1d2b702f7888|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 7619mjblz0rg3z04fapv9k9xj12veku 0 43441 727623 164961 2026-09-24T13:44:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox NRHP|name=Enston, William, Home|nrhp_type=hd|nocat=yes|image=William Enston Home.jpg|caption=One of the original twenty-four William Enston Home cottages|location=900 King St., [[Charleston, South Carolina]]|coordinates={{coord|32|48|5|N|79|56|56|W|display=inline,title}}|locmapin=South Carolina#USA|built=1884|architect=[[W.B.W. Howe Jr.]]; [[Rudolph Hering]] et al.|architecture=Bungalow/Craftsman, Queen Anne, Romanesque|added=April 25, 1996|area={{convert|12.1|acre}}|refnum=96000493<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2010a}}</ref>}}Ndị agha William Enston, nke dị na 900 King St., Charleston, South Carolina, bụ Home anya nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ndị e wuru na Romanesque Revival architecture, ụdị na-ahụ ahụkebe na Charleston.  [1] [2] Ewubere ụlọ iri abụọ na anọ asụsụ na 1887 yana ụlọ ụka ụlọ dị n'etiti nwere ụlọ elu ụdị campanile, njikere ya maka ndị ọcha bi.  Agbakwunyere ụlọ na 1931 ma emesịa akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ N'afọ 2006, a rụrụ ụlọ n'ụdị ụlọ ndị agbakwunyere bụ nke a chọrọ iji mechaa atụmatụ maka obodo. Ụlọ ndị a, nke dị na nsọtụ ndịda nke ihe onwunwe ahụ, na-echetara ihe mbụ e mere ma ha enweghị nkọwa nhazi nke mbụ. Taa bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Housing Authority nke Charleston nwere ogige a na ụlọ ndị e weghachiri eweghachi bụ ebe obibi nke ndị nwere obere ego na obere ego. [[Usòrò:William_Enston_Chapel.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ụlọ ụka William Enston nwere ụlọ ọhụrụ wuru na 2006 n'azụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'aka nri.]] == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == William Enston bụ onye na-ebe ngwá ụlọ bara ịrịba, onye na-ere akara, na onye na-agba chaa chaa bụ onye akụ ya maka ụlọ maka ndị agadi ọcha.  [1] A na-ahụ anya na May 5, 1808, na Canterbury, England, wee soro nna ya kwa Philadelphia, Pennsylvania na 1825. Na 1832, ọ kwagara Charleston, South Carolina ma ike lụọ Hannah Shuttleworth nke Colsterworth, England.  Ọ nkiri obere ụlọ na King Street.  (mgbe e ihu wuo nnukwu ụlọ ahụ ka na-eje na 187-191 King St. [2] ) O ihu kpakọba akụ na Aha site na ụlọ ọrụ na mbupu azụmahịa.  [3] Ọ nwụrụ na March 23, 1860, na-ahapụ akụ dị ọnụ ahịa na $ 1 nde, ma Agha Obodo ọnụ ọnụ akara ya na ọkara nke ego ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=In Honor of Enston|work=News and Courier|date=January 4, 1889|page=8}}</ref>Ozi isiokwu na 1884, [1] mana owuwu nke ụlọ obibighị afọ ole na ole ọzọ.  Obodo Charleston bụ ego nke ụlọ ahụ na 1886 ka ekere Enston nwụsịrị.  Na 1887, afọ iri abụọ na asaa ka Enston nwụsịrị, WBW Howe Jr. haziri anya nke ụlọ brik dị okpukpu abụọ dị ka ụdị Enston dị.  A ga-e, ụlọ ahụ n'ụdị ụlọ ọrụ Britain, kpọmkwem otu Enston mara nke ọma na Canterbury.  Enston kwuputara na akwụkwọ ahụ ga-enwe ụlọ brik dị okpukpu abụọ mma ma mpe mma nke nwere opekata acres.  O Ireland na ndị nwere ike ibi na ha bụ ndị agadi na ndị na- arịa ọrịa, site na 45 ruo 75 afọ, ndị "ezi omume ọma," na-adịghị na-ata site na "ị ara."  Okporo ụzọ na ụzọ na- nọmba ndị mmadụ na ebe sitere na ndụ Enston switterworth (aha njirimara), Canterbury (obodo ya), na Colsterworth (obodo ya). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Cohen|first=Susan|title=Preservation Society releases 2013 Seven to Save List|url=https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/preservation-society-releases-2013-seven-to-save-list/Content?oid=4629756|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=Charleston City Paper|language=en}}</ref>Emechara ụlọ iri na iteghete mbụ na 1888 dị ka duplexes.  [1] Ndị kansụl obodo bụ iwu Mr. Enston n'iche ezume nke dị n'etiti obodo ahụ, na-efu ihe ruru $7500.  [2] City Council goro Colin McK.  Grant dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ.  [3] E mepere ndị Ncheta Enston dị n'etiti obodo na February 22, 1889. [4] Otu bọs nke Enston, nke onye ọkpụ Virginian kpụrụ ya, wee tụba ya na ọla na New York bụ nke Council City nyere iwu maka  Obodo Ncheta.  [5] Na 2013, e mere nri na ọ ga-efu ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde $1.7 iji weghachi Ndị Nche Ncheta nke a na-eji echekwa ngwá ọrụ n'oge ahụ.  [6] N'afọ ahụ, Preservation Society of Charleston depụtara ụlọ ahụ dị ka otu n'ime saịtị asaa kacha ewu ewu na obodo ahụ. Agbakwunyere nkeji ise ọhụrụ na ọnụ ahịa $9500 nke ọ bụla na 1927. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Contract for Five Cottages|publisher=Evening Post|date=July 26, 1927|page=1}}</ref> Emebere nkeji ọhụrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ quadraplexes ma Cheeves-Oliver Construction Co wuru ya. Ha ghọrọ nkeji 6, 7, 8, 9, na 10. Nlllll 1991, Charleston Housing Authority nwere nkwekọrịta ịzụta ihe onwunwe n'aka Enston Foundation maka $625,000. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Enston Homes to become agency's newest project|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=06pbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3274,2706260&dq=enston-homes&hl=en|accessdate=May 25, 2013|work=Charleston Post & Courier|date=Sep 8, 1991|page=B1|author=Kerri Morgan}}</ref> A kagburu nkwekọrịta ahụ na Disemba 1991, Otú ọ dị, mgbe Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ ghọtara ókè ọrụ nrụzi dị mkpa (nke e mere atụmatụ na $ 1.7 nde). <ref>{{Cite news|title=Authority scraps build to acquire Enston Homes|work=Charleston Post & Courier|date=Dec 25, 1991|page=B1|author=Kerri Morgan}}</ref> Mgbe mkparịta ụka ndị ọzọ gasịrị, ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta iji nweta ebe acre 12 nwere ụlọ 24 maka $400,000. <ref name="6-26-1992 PC">{{Cite news|author=Frazier|first=Eric|title=City authority to purchase Enston Homes|work=Post and Courier|date=June 26, 1992|page=2B|language=English}}</ref> Onye ikwu William Enston dị anya jụrụ ire ere na ndabere na a ga-eji ụlọ ndị ahụ eme ihe maka ndị agadi, ọ bụghị obere ego, ndị bi; emesia e doziri esemokwu ahụ, ire ere wee gaba. <ref name="6-9-1994 PC">{{Cite news|author=Behre|first=Robert|title=Housing authority buys Enston Home|work=Post and Courier|date=June 9, 1994|page=1B|language=English}}</ref> Ndị ikike ahụ nwere ngalaba ọhụrụ iri na atọ wuru na 2006, nke Judy Stephens mere n'ụdị nke oge a. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Additions to Enston Homes Build on 19th-Century Dream|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f11SAAAAIBAJ&pg=6234,1802505&dq=enston-homes&hl=en|accessdate=May 25, 2013|work=Charleston Post & Courier|date=Feb 19, 2007|page=B1|author=Robert Behre}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, Green Heart na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, mebiri ala n'ugbo mepere emepe ọkara acre nke dị n'etiti etiti ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Milner|first=Parker|title=Green Heart Project breaks ground on new urban farm at the Enston Home community|url=https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/green-heart-project-breaks-ground-on-new-urban-farm-at-the-enston-home-community/Content?oid=31697577|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=Charleston City Paper|language=en}}</ref> == Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka == <gallery> Usòrò:Enston_Home_-_gate.JPG|alt=The gate at the William Enston Home in Charleston, South Carolina features wrought iron gates.|ụzọ ụzọámá dị na ndị nwe William Enston dị na Charleston, South Carolina nwere ọnụ ụzọ ámá arụrụ arụ. Usòrò:Enston_Home_-_water_tower.JPG|alt=Even the water tower of the William Enston Home in Charleston, South Carolina displays Victorian brickwork.|ụlọ ụlọ elu mmiri nke William Enston Home na Charleston, South Carolina na-e Mkpa brik ndị Victoria. Usòrò:Enston_Home_-_utility_building.JPG|alt=The small utility building at the William Enston Home in Charleston, South Carolina is built of dark red brick.|[en→ig] E ji brik na-acha uhie uhie wuo obere ụlọ ọrụ dị na William Enston Home na Charleston, South Carolina. Usòrò:Enston_Home_-_superintendent_house.JPG|alt=The gymnasium of the William Enston Home in Charleston, South Carolina was later converted into a residence for the superintendent.|[en→ig] Ụlọ mgbatị ahụ nke Ụlọ William Enston dị na Charleston, South Carolina ka emechara ghọọ ebe obibi maka onye nlekọta. Usòrò:Enston_Home_-_modern_unit.JPG|alt=The new units at the William Enston Home in Charleston, South Carolina were vaguely meant to replicate the historic units.|[en→ig] Ngalaba ọhụrụ ahụ dị na Ụlọ William Enston dị na Charleston, South Carolina bụ ndị e bu n'obi na-edoghị anya ka ha megharịa nkeji akụkọ ihe mere eme. </gallery> == Isi mmalite == * Robert P. Stockton, ''Ozi maka Ntuziaka nke Charleston akụkọ ihe mere eme, South Carolina'' 312-13 (1985). == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|William Enston Home}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070625085924/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/Charleston/ Ụlọ Okpukpe na Ogbe nke Charleston mere eme, Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ Mba ''Chọpụta njem njem nketa ekekọrịtara anyị'' .] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090217025927/http://www.celebratecharleston.com/charleston_62.shtml Ụlọ William Enston, mee ememe Charleston] {{National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina}} q5lus8utjakdbvla506v37m4onm5en7 0 43562 727702 692332 2026-09-24T19:03:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727702 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Fatma Aly''' (amụrụ ya na onwa Febụwarị nke ubochi ato, n’afo 1997, na Alexandira) bụ onye Egypt na atu [[basketball]] onye na-egwuri egwu n'etiti maka ndi otu Al Ittihad na mba Egypt women's basketball team.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Fatma Aly, Basketball Player, News, Stats - afrobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Fatma Aly nọchitere anya [[Egypt|Ijipt]] na afo 2013 mgbe a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ntorobịa mba ahụ ka ọ gbaa asọmpi FIBA U16 nke ụmụ nwanyị Afrika. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu ndị ntorobịa nke mba ahụ na-egwu asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị nke Afrịka nke afọ 2014, 2014 Afrobasket U18 ụmụ nwanyị na asọmpi ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị nke oge afo 2015. A kpọrọ ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị isi obodo na afo 2015 n'oge Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 2015, Afrobasquet ụmụ nwanyị nke FIBA nke afọ 2019, Afrobascket-Qualifiers ụmụ nwanyị nke afo 2023 na Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị nke 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly - Player Profile|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/player/190813/Fatma-Aly|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly (Aly F.) - Career Stats - Flashscore.com|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=www.flashscore.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly (Aly F.) - Player Profile - Basketball24.com|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=www.basketball24.com|language=en|archivedate=2024-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418110900/https://www.basketball24.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=archive.fiba.com: Players|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/lid_38135_cp/1/pid/93912/q/Fatma%20Aly/rpp//_//players.html|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=archive.fiba.com|archive-date=2024-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418153408/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/lid_38135_cp/1/pid/93912/q/Fatma%20Aly/rpp//_//players.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Aly, Fatma}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gc5jkmpxotv6ywzkqbcvxm8wc2sob8b 0 43568 727678 177297 2026-09-24T18:01:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727678 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Madison Eutaw Apts Baltimore.JPG|thumb|Madison Eutaw Apts Baltimore.JPG]] <ref name="mht_ihp">{{Cite web|url=https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-738.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Eutaw–Madison Apartment House Historic District|date=November 1982|accessdate=2016-03-01|author=Thomas H. Ventre|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust|archive-date=2016-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407102130/https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-738.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eutaw–Madison Apartment House Historic District bụ mpaghara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba na Baltimore, Maryland, United States.  Ọ nwere otu ụlọ ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ okpukpu atọ nke e wuru na nkeji mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20.  Ha bụ: Esplanade, ụlọ nwere okpukpu itoolu nke e wuru na 1912;  Emersonian, ụlọ nwere okpukpu 8 nke e wuru na 1915 nke ihe ọkpụkpụ stuccoed;  na Temple Gardens, ụlọ nwere okpukpu iri na anọ nke e wuru na 1926. Mpaghara a dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na ya na ndị Juu Baltimore na-akpakọrịta.  N'ime narị afọ nke 19, agbataobi Eutaw–Madison ghọrọ ebe etiti ndị Juu na Baltimore.  Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1920, agbataobi ahụ eguzobela nke ọma dị ka agbata obi nke ndị Juu etiti na ndị elu, ndị ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ọkachamara na ndị ahịa.[1] Etinyere ya na National Register of Historic Places na 1983. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Eutaw–Madison Apartment House Historic District, Baltimore City, including undated photo, at Maryland Historical Trust braugof3gismjkkbpoma4w7w5qnydxz 0 43822 727729 696113 2026-09-24T21:18:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gemechu Woyecha''' (amuru 3 Febrụwarị 1979) bu onye agba oso ogologo anya Australia nke puru iche na marathon . Amụrụ ya na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]], ma na-anọchi anya [[Qatar]] na mbụ, n'okpuru aha '''Rashid Khaled Jamal''' . <ref name="aims">{{Cite news|title=24 June 2001: Gold Coast Marathon, Australia|date=July 2001|work=AIMS Newsletter|publisher=[[Association of International Marathons and Distance Races]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara ọsọ na marathon Olympic nke afọ 2000, mana ọ kwụsịghị asọmpi ahụ. <ref name="sref">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ja/rashid-jamal-1.html|title=Rashid Jamal|publisher=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=8 March 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025225501/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ja/rashid-jamal-1.html|archivedate=25 October 2012}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Sports-Reference.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20121025225501/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ja/rashid-jamal-1.html the original] on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> O mechara gbaga [[Ostraliya|Australia]] . <ref name="aims" /> Na obodo ọhụrụ ya ọ meriri 2004 Gold Coast Marathon . <ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Gold Coast Marathon: 1999-2009|date=2009|publisher=Gold Coast Marathon}}</ref> Oge kacha mma ya bụ elekere 2:14:50, nke emere na 2001. <ref name="sref"/> Dịka nwa amaala Australia akara ya kacha mma bụ awa 2:15.27, nwetara mgbe ọ gụchara nke asatọ na Marathon Nagano 2008. <ref>To see source, please access [https://web.archive.org/web/20100312073047/http://www.athletics.com.au/competition/statsdata/rankings/alltime Australian all-time statistics] and click "Download file"</ref> == Mmezu == * <small>Nsonaazụ niile gbasara marathon, ọ gwụla ma ekwuputara ya ọzọ</small> {| {{AchievementTable}} |- !colspan="5"|Representing {{QAT}} |- |2000 |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Sydney, Australia]] |&mdash; |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Men's marathon|DNF]] |} == Edensibia == nkeji na [[10,000 mita]], nwetara na May 1996 na [[Tel Aviv]] ; 1:04:30 awa na [[ọkara marathon]]{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Woyecha, Gemechu}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mvzopxjf2enq2migv1esqvcqryqh7a1 0 44113 727817 655823 2026-09-25T04:35:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727817 wikitext text/x-wiki   Akashinga, (nke bụbu International Anti-Poaching Foundation ( IAPF )) bụ echiche echiche nke ede aha na Australia, na-arụ ọrụ na kọntinent Africa.  [1] [2] Ndị otu a na mbụ usoro agha ahaziri maka nchekwa, iji na ụzọ echekwa maka ogụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, [3] wee kwaga n'ụzọ gbadoro ụkwụ na obodo.  Nke a ịkpọ a na-enye ụmụnwanyị obodo dịka ndị nche<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180926-akashinga-all-women-rangers-in-africa-fighting-poaching|title=Meet the 'Brave Ones': The women saving Africa's wildlife|first=Rachel|author=Nuwer|authorlink=Rachel Nuwer|publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Damien Mander ikike ntọala a, [1] ka ọ gachara njem na Africa ebe o bu n'obi iji ụgbọ mmiri ya maka nchekwa.  [2] [3] Ọpụ nsogbu ndị nche n'ihu na anụ anụ nwere, [4] wee hiwe IAPF na 2009 <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8095372|title=Damien's War|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=20 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820004030/http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8095372}}</ref> <ref name="ia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iapf.org|title=IAPF – International Anti-poaching Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africamediaonline.com/mmc/gallery/detail/events/anti-poaching-in-zim|title=Anti Poaching in Zim – Africa Media Online|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=12 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112021213/http://www.africamediaonline.com/mmc/gallery/detail/events/anti-poaching-in-zim}}</ref> .Na 2010, ihe omume TV 60 na-esere ọrụ IAPF na Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na mbọ nchekwa maka rhinoceros ojii.  [1] N'afọ 2012, ndị 60 wee mee ihe nkiri IAPF site na iji drones na- mmadụ na nchekwa mba Niassa nke Mozambique <ref name="Jungle Warfare – 60 Minutes">{{Cite web|url=http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8553858|title=Jungle Warfare|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=20 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820011043/http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8553858}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, ndị IAPF tụụrụ site n'usoro ndị agha gaa n'atụmatụ gbakwasara obodo maka ọrụ nta ha, na-anwa eleleli ndị obodo ka ha sonye na mbọ nchekwa ahụ.  ụmụ n'ime mbọ a bụ ụmụ ụmụ ka ha bụrụ ndị na-azụ anụ, na-enyere ma mbọ nchekwa anụ ndị na-enye ụmụ anụmanụ aka.  ntọala mbụ ndị IAPF hibere maka ụmụ bụ Akashinga na Ndagwurugwu Zambezi Lower na Phundundu, Zimbabwe.  Mgbasa ozi mbụ maka ndị na-eme mbụ aka lekwasịrị anya na "ndị e-ike n'ụzọ mgbochi ma ọ bụ ime ihe ike n'ahụ; ndị bụ nne nanị ha na-azụ ụmụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-enye gbahapụrụ agbahapụ;  ọ bụ ndị ụmụ mgbei Aids", ka BBC siri kwuo<ref name="bbc"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/killing-season-crisis-time-for-africa-s-famed-wildlife-20180917-p50474.html|title=Killing season: Crisis time for Africa's famed wildlife|first=Greg|author=Callaghan|date=25 September 2018|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>Ha elele usoro maka maka ụmụ na South Africa.  [1] N'ime afọ mbụ ya, ndị otu egwuregwu na-ahụ maka igbu ọchụ nwere ike ijide ihe dịka 70 n'ime afọ mbụ.  [2] Nkeji 60 gbara ihe nkiri nke ugboro atọ na 2018, na-ekpuchi mmemme Akashinga na Ndagwurugwu Zambezi nke dị na ZImbabwe, nke bụ ebe nchekwa okike mbụ n'ụwa nke ụmụ anụmanụ ga- icon ma chebe ya.  Jane Goodall bụ onye nkwado nke akwụkwọ a. == Ọrụ == IAPF na-arụkwa ngalaba mgbochi ịkpa anụ, na-echekwa mmemme ọmụmụ nke rhino ojii na Stanley & Livingstone Private Game Reserve. <ref>[http://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2011/10/02/wildlife-war-zone-hero Wildlife war zone hero – ''The Sunday Times'']</ref> Ọ nweghị rhino e gburu n'oge IAPF rụrụ ọrụ ebe ahụ. <ref name="702.co.za">[http://www.702.co.za/onair/heardonair.asp?action=mainsearch The war against poachers – 702 Talk Radio South Africa]</ref> IAPF na-enyekwa ọzụzụ n'efu na Zimbabwe maka ndị nche. <ref name="voanews.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/iraq-war-veteran-battles-rhino-poachers-in-africa-138338229/159563.html|title=Iraq War Veteran Battles Rhino Poachers in Africa|date=29 January 2012|accessdate=19 August 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032137/http://www.voanews.com/content/iraq-war-veteran-battles-rhino-poachers-in-africa-138338229/159563.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-akuziri ndị nchekwa IAPF nka gụnyere mgbanaka, nchegharị, njide, nchekwa ebe mpụ, <ref name="voanews.com" /> na ikpuchi na nzuzo. Ụfọdụ nkà bụ mmegharị nke usoro agha, emeziri ka ọ dabara na mbọ nchekwa. <ref name="contactairlandandsea.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.contactairlandandsea.com/2009/Past_Editions/issue29/con29_africa.pdf|title=Raw for Africa – Military skills applied in a new fight – Contact Magazine|accessdate=2024-05-01|archivedate=2023-06-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628165948/http://www.contactairlandandsea.com/2009/Past_Editions/issue29/con29_africa.pdf}}</ref> A rụzigharịrị ụfọdụ ndị ọchụnta ego a mara ikpe ma ziga ha ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ndị nche. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/dehorning-rhino-by-the-international-antipoaching-foundation.html|title=De-Horning Rhino by the International Anti-Poaching Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2016}}</ref> Na Saụt Afrịka IAPF rụpụtara ụkpụrụ ntozu mba ahụ na-emegide ịchụ nta anụ ọhịa. <ref name="kruger2canyon.linmedia.co.za">{{Cite web|url=http://kruger2canyon.linmedia.co.za/details/19-10-2012/training_is_the_best_weapon_against_poaching/15394|title=Details|accessdate=19 August 2016|archivedate=13 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413175351/http://kruger2canyon.linmedia.co.za/details/19-10-2012/training_is_the_best_weapon_against_poaching/15394}}</ref> == Nkwenye IAPF == Na 2013, nhọpụta atọ na The Humane Society of the United States '28th Jenesis Award kwa afọ ọzọ IAPF <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.humanesociety.org/about/events/genesis_awards/27th_nominees.html|title=Nominees of the 2013 Genesis Awards|accessdate=25 February 2013|archivedate=3 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303162949/http://www.humanesociety.org/about/events/genesis_awards/27th_nominees.html}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.IAPF.org Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị nke International Anti-Poaching Foundation] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FCsyK4aRXQ Damien Mander TEDx Damien Mander na TedX] k56wvnaveq79frm2zl02bf5ql0m2dk3 0 44280 727878 363952 2026-09-25T09:10:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|name=John D. Kemp|image=John D. Kemp.jpg|birth_date={{birth year and age|1949}}|nationality=American|organization=[[Viscardi Center]], [[Henry Viscardi School]]}} John D. Kemp bụ onye ndu ikike ikike nke America bụ onye mebere American Association of People with Disabilities na ugbu a bụ Louis oche na onye isi oche nke Lakeshore Foundation na Birmingham, Alabama <ref>{{Cite news|author=Rebman|first=Stephanie|date=2021-07-22|title=John D. Kemp named president and CEO of Lakeshore Foundation|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/birmingham/news/2021/07/22/john-kemp-lakeshore-ceo.html|work=Birmingham Business Journal|accessdate=2021-07-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Viscardi Centre|url=https://www.viscardicenter.org/about/leadership/john-d-kemp-president-ceo/|accessdate=2024-05-09|archivedate=2021-07-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730005102/https://www.viscardicenter.org/about/leadership/john-d-kemp-president-ceo/}}</ref>N'ihi ọrịa ahụ a አካላዊ ya, a n'iji n'ejighị aka na ụkwụ ma na-eji prostheses aanọ, a na- kunna ya ugwu maka ịgba ume na inye ndị nwe ikike ike.  [1] Ɔsiila ọtụtụ ɔkwa-adi elu na ndị isi mkpa na ndị otu ajụjụ na-.  Na 2011, e goro ya dị ka Oga oche na CEO nke Viscardi Center na Henry Viscardi School . == Ihe nrite == Na 1991, ọ natara Horatio Alger Award nke Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished America .  Na 2006, ọ natara Henry B. Betts Award, America kasị elu award na mkpa ndu.  N'afọ 2014, ndị Elizabeth Dole Foundation nabatara onyinye ya na Nrite Leadership Dole <ref>{{Cite news|title=Advocate for disabled wins national award|url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/advocate-for-disabled-wins-national-award-1.10058523|publisher=News dAY|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025150913/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/advocate-for-disabled-wins-national-award-1.10058523|archive-date=2021-10-25|access-date=2024-05-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Viscardi Center * Ụlọ akwụkwọ Henry Viscardi * Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.viscardicenter.org/ Ụlọ ọrụ Viscardi] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c4rp7daig0ze449ua37odrn5ykh6srg 0 44802 727799 721656 2026-09-25T03:06:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727799 wikitext text/x-wiki Lucinatant nke aha azumahia bu Surfacing bu medication di mmiri mmiri nke eji agwo umuaka nwere nsogbu n'iku ụme.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Surfaxin|url=http://www.discoverylabs.com/surfaxin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420135625/http://www.discoverylabs.com/surfaxin.html|archivedate=April 20, 2009|work=Discovery Labs}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ n'akpa ume maka ụmụ ọhụrụ na-enweghị ihe na-emepụta ihe zuru oke n'akpa nwa ha. Ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụ ndị mbụ nke klas ahụ, dị ka beractant (Survanta & Beraksurf), Calfactant (Infasurf) , na poractant (Curosurf), sitere na ụmụ anụmanụ, lucinactant bụ ihe aka mere. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kwadoro ya maka iji ya na United States na Machị 6, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm294984.htm|title=FDA approves Surfaxin to prevent breathing disorder in premature infants|publisher=Fda.gov|date=2012-03-06|accessdate=2012-10-20|archive-date=2012-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101092802/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm294984.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ojiji ọgwụ == A na-egosi Lucinactant iji melite ọrụ akpa ume ma belata oge na ihe ize ndụ nke ikuku ikuku n'ime ụmụaka. Enwere ike iji ya ruo afọ abụọ ma kọwaa ya maka ụmụaka a chọpụtara na ha nwere nsogbu iku ume siri ike na-esote nje dịka RSV ma ọ bụ influenza, gụnyere H1N1. <ref name="POPG, a Key Component of Discovery Labs' KL4 Surfactant, Identified as a Novel Anti-Viral Therapeutic Approach">{{Cite news|title=POPG, a Key Component of Discovery Labs' KL4 Surfactant, Identified as a Novel Anti-Viral Therapeutic Approach|url=https://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/globenewswire/182115.htm|archive-date=2010-01-22|access-date=2024-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122205312/http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/globenewswire/182115.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Bronchopulmonary segmental lavage with Surfaxin (KL(4)-surfactant) for acute respiratory distress syndrome.">{{Cite journal|title=Bronchopulmonary segmental lavage with Surfaxin (KL(4)-surfactant) for acute respiratory distress syndrome|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_1999-10_160_4/page/1188|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=160|issue=4|pages=1188–95|date=October 1999|pmid=10508806|doi=10.1164/ajrccm.160.4.9808118}}</ref><ref name="Lucinactant: a novel synthetic surfactant for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.">{{Cite journal|title=Lucinactant: a novel synthetic surfactant for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome|journal=Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs|volume=14|issue=3|pages=329–34|date=March 2005|pmid=15833063|doi=10.1517/13543784.14.3.329}}</ref> A na-ejikwa Lucinactant agwọ ọrịa meconium aspiration syndrome.[3]<ref name="A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing Surfaxin (Lucinactant) lavage with standard care for treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome.">{{Cite journal|title=A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing Surfaxin (Lucinactant) lavage with standard care for treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatrics_2002-06_109_6/page/n112|journal=Pediatrics|volume=109|issue=6|pages=1081–7|date=June 2002|pmid=12042546|doi=10.1542/peds.109.6.1081}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E debere ntọala sayensị maka lucinactant na ụlọ nyocha nke Charles Cochrane na Scripps Research Institute na 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/20120306cochrane.html|title=Scripps Research Discoveries Lead to Newly Approved Drug for Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome|publisher=Scripps.edu|date=2012-03-06|accessdate=2012-10-20|archivedate=2012-03-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316235835/http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/20120306cochrane.html}}</ref> Ọ bụ Discovery Laboratories nke Warrington, PA mepụtara ọgwụ ahụ. Ụzọ site na usoro nkwenye ahụ dị ogologo n'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-egosipụta n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka na usoro mmepụta nke dị mkpa ka a dozie tupu e nye nkwenye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pharmacychoice.com/news/article.cfm?Article_ID=854519|title=Pharmaceutical News - Discovery Labs Turns Focus To Surfaxin Market Strategy - October 20, 2012|publisher=Pharmacy Choice|date=|accessdate=2012-10-20}}</ref> 2u6dab4x0hiwwilj9wb2st1zpu093ei 0 45082 727704 721257 2026-09-24T19:09:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fayez Mustafa al-Sarraj''' ( Arabic ma ọ bụ {{Lang|ar|فايز السراج}}; amụrụ 20 February 1960) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Libya]] nke jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke Council Council of Libya na Onye isi gọọmentị <ref name="20160331theguardian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/30/chief-libyas-un-backed-government-fayez-sarraj-arrives-tripoli|title=Chief of Libya's new UN-backed government arrives in Tripoli|first=Chris|author=Stephen|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=31 March 2016|accessdate=11 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331020606/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/30/chief-libyas-un-backed-government-fayez-sarraj-arrives-tripoli|archivedate=31 March 2016}}</ref> nke gọọmentị National Accord site na 2016 ruo 2021, nke e guzobere na 17 Disemba 2015 n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Libya. . Ọ bụbu onye otu nzuko omeiwu nke Tripoli . <ref name="guard" /> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Fayez Mustafa na 20 February 1960 na Tripoli . O sitere na ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya nke agbụrụ Kouloughli nke nwere ụlọ ahịa na nnukwu ala. <ref name="Pacifier la Libye : le pari fou du Premier ministre Fayez al-Sarraj" /> A na-ekwu na Al-Sarraj n'onwe ya bụ onye Turkey . Nna ya, Mostafa al-Sarraj bụ onye ozi n'oge Ọchịchị Ọchịchị Libya . <ref name="Pacifier la Libye : le pari fou du Premier ministre Fayez al-Sarraj">{{Cite news|date=8 April 2016|title=Pacifier la Libye : le pari fou du Premier ministre Fayez al-Sarraj|language=fr|work=[[France 24]]|url=http://france24.com/fr/20160408-libye-premier-ministre-fayez-al-sarraj-gouvernement-tripoli-tobrouk|accessdate=22 September 2017}}</ref> <ref name="economist21698322">{{Cite news|date=5 May 2016|title=Italy ponders military intervention in Libya|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21698322-carabinieri-may-not-be-marching-tripoli-just-yet-italy-ponders-military-intervention|work=[[The Economist]]|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref> Fayez al-Sarraj zụrụ azụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na n'oge Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ụlọ. <ref name="Mezran">{{Cite web|author=Mezran, Karim|date=9 October 2015|title=The Libyan Agreement: The First Step in a Long Journey|publisher=Atlantic Council|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/the-libyan-agreement-the-first-step-in-a-long-journey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404185211/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/the-libyan-agreement-the-first-step-in-a-long-journey|archivedate=4 April 2016}}</ref> Na 2014, ọ jere ozi dị ka Minister of Housing and Utilities na Maiteeq Cabinet nke GNC . <ref>{{Cite news|title=GNC-approved Maetig cabinet revealed|date=29 March 2014|work=Libya Herald|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/05/29/gnc-approved-maetig-cabinet-revealed/|archive-date=30 May 2014|access-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530081757/http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/05/29/gnc-approved-maetig-cabinet-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ndị mmegide ya katọrọ nhọpụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya dị ka mmanye mba ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=PROFILE Fayez Sarraj: A Libyan leader with a tough job|work=Europe Online Magazine|publisher=Europe Online Magazine|url=http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/profilefayez-sarraj-a-libyan-leader-with-a-tough-job_447307.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404185557/http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/profilefayez-sarraj-a-libyan-leader-with-a-tough-job_447307.html|archivedate=4 April 2016}}</ref> Otu akụkọ pụtara na 2016 na akwụkwọ akụkọ Guardian hotara Guma el-Gamaty, onye so na Libya Dialogue, òtù UN na-ahụ maka ọchịchị nke kere ọchịchị ọhụrụ ahụ, na-ekwu na al-Sarraj na-atụ anya ịrịọ maka enyemaka iji lụso ISIS ọgụ na ịzụ ụgbọ. Ngalaba Libya." <ref name="20160303theguardian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/30/chief-libyas-un-backed-government-fayez-sarraj-arrives-tripoli|title=Chief of Libya's new UN-backed government arrives in Tripoli|author=Stephen|first=Chris|work=Chief of Libya's new UN-backed government arrives in Tripoli|publisher=The Guardian Newspaper|accessdate=31 March 2016}}</ref> Na-esochi ntuli aka Libya nke 2014, gọọmentị kewara n'etiti New General National Congress na Tripoli na ndị omebe iwu nke ụlọ omebe iwu nke mba ụwa na Tobruk . <ref name="guard">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/09/libya-national-unity-government-announced-by-un-after-months-of-talks|title=Libya national unity government announced by UN after months of talks|work=The Guardian|date=8 October 2015|accessdate=24 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122075140/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/09/libya-national-unity-government-announced-by-un-after-months-of-talks|archivedate=22 November 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/09/libya-national-unity-government-announced-by-un-after-months-of-talks "Libya national unity government announced by UN after months of talks"]. </cite></ref> === Onye isi ala === Na mbido October 2014 onye nnọchi anya [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|United Nations]] na Libya, Bernardino León, tụrụ aro ka gọọmentị ịdị n'otu nke mba Libya, ka ndị isi oche nke Fayez al-Sarraj na-edu ya, dị ka praịm minista, ndị nnọchi anya atọ sitere na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọdịda anyanwụ, na ndịda nke mba ahụ. mpaghara, na ndị ozi abụọ. <ref name="aljazeera1510082236">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/libya-unity-government-151008223631097.html|title=UN proposes unity government to end Libya conflict|accessdate=11 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605105300/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/libya-unity-government-151008223631097.html|archivedate=5 June 2016}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ndị omebe iwu mba ụwa nabatara na Tobruk na ndị ọchịchị Tripoli jụrụ ọchịchị ịdị n'otu mba a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Libyan officials reject UN-proposed unity deal with rival government|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/19/libya-un-unity-government-power-sharing-rejection|work=The Guardian|accessdate=19 November 2015|first=Associated Press in|author=Benghazi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118161758/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/19/libya-un-unity-government-power-sharing-rejection|archivedate=18 November 2015}}</ref> Fayez al-Sarraj, na ndị isi isii nke Council President na ndị a tụrụ aro ka ha rutere Tripoli na 30 Maachị 2016. <ref name="afp3518986">{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/support-grows-libyas-unity-government-000257765.html|title=Support grows for Libya's new unity government|accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref> N'echi ya, a kọrọ ya  na GNA ewegharala ụlọ ọrụ praịm minista nakwa na GNC họpụtara praịm minista Khalifa al-Ghawil gbagara Misrata. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/03/31/rebel-tripoli-administration-vanishes-ghwell-flees-to-misrata/|title=Rebel Tripoli administration vanishes &#124;|accessdate=31 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410013608/https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/03/31/rebel-tripoli-administration-vanishes-ghwell-flees-to-misrata/|archivedate=10 April 2016}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup>Na 14 October 2014, ndị agha na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye GNC weghaara ụlọ nke High Council of State ma kwupụta nlọghachi nke Ghawil cabinet <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/gnc-retakes-parliament-compound-high-council-state-condemns|title=GNC retakes parliament compound, High Council of State condemns &#124; The Libya Observer|publisher=Libyaobserver.ly|accessdate=6 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022011431/http://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/gnc-retakes-parliament-compound-high-council-state-condemns|archivedate=22 October 2016}}</ref> <ref name="trtworld207539">{{Cite web|url=http://www.trtworld.com/mea/rival-group-seizes-libyas-un-backed-government-offices-207539|title=Rival group seizes Libya's UN-backed government offices|publisher=TRT World|date=15 October 2016|accessdate=6 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022054456/http://www.trtworld.com/mea/rival-group-seizes-libyas-un-backed-government-offices-207539|archivedate=22 October 2016}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, agha mere n'etiti ndị agha Sarraj na-eguzosi ike n'ihe na ndị agha Ghawil. <ref name="ahram245898">{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/245898/World/Region/Clashes-erupt-in-Libyan-capital-Tripoli.aspx|title=Clashes erupt in Libyan capital Tripoli – Region – World – Ahram Online|publisher=English.ahram.org.eg|date=16 October 2016|accessdate=6 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022012511/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/245898/World/Region/Clashes-erupt-in-Libyan-capital-Tripoli.aspx|archivedate=22 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Musa|first=Rami|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/us-concerned-about-use-of-force-in-libyas-capital/2016/10/16/a26658c4-9386-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|title=Clashes erupt in Libyan capital|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=6 November 2016|archive-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016175054/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/us-concerned-about-use-of-force-in-libyas-capital/2016/10/16/a26658c4-9386-11e6-9cae-2a3574e296a6_story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> E boro al-Sarraj ebubo na ọ natachara onwe ya na ezinụlọ ya nwa amaala ni-Vanuatu na Jenụwarị 2020 site n'aka The Guardian. N'April 2023, The Guardian weghaara nkwupụta ahụ, ma rịọ mgbaghara maka mmejọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-14|title=Who's buying Vanuatu's passports? Crypto moguls, wanted men and even a prime minister|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/15/whos-buying-vanuatus-passports-crypto-moguls-wanted-men-and-even-a-prime-minister|accessdate=2022-10-19|work=the Guardian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-17|title=L'ancien Premier ministre Fayez al-Sarraj abandonne sa nationalité libyenne|url=https://www.maghreb-intelligence.com/lancien-premier-ministre-fayez-al-sarraj-abandonne-sa-nationalite-libyenne/|accessdate=2022-10-19|work=Maghreb Intelligence|language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-13|title=Corrections and clarifications Mr Faiez Sarraj – apology|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2023/apr/13/corrections-and-clarifications|accessdate=2023-04-18|work=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Na 16 Septemba 2020, al-Sarraj kwuru na ya ga-ahapụ n'ọkwa ya ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke Ọktoba 2020, na-esote ọnwa ngagharị iwe na Tripoli . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Libya's Tripoli-based PM Al-Sarraj to stand down|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1735646/middle-east|accessdate=17 September 2020|work=Arab News|date=16 September 2020|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Libya's UN-backed PM al-Sarraj says he plans to quit {{!}} DW {{!}} 16.09.2020|url=https://www.dw.com/en/libyas-un-backed-pm-al-sarraj-says-he-plans-to-quit/a-54955557|accessdate=17 September 2020|work=DW.COM}}</ref> Na 31 Ọktoba 2020, al-Sarraj kagburu mkpebi ya ịgba arụkwaghịm. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/31/libyan-prime-minister-takes-back-decision-to-resign|title=Libyan PM al-Serraj takes back resignation}}</ref> Na-eso ọgbakọ mkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Libyan, ọ bufere ikike ya na 15 Maachị 2021. == Gọọmentị nke National Accord == [[Usòrò:Secretary_John_Kerry_Sits_With_Libyan_Prime_Minister_al-Sarraj_at_the_Bristol_Hotel_in_Vienna_(27048565825).jpg|thumb| Sarraj ya na odeakwụkwọ nke United States John Kerry, 16 Mee 2016]] Sarraj abụrụla Prime Minister nke Gọọmenti National Accord kemgbe nkeji ya na Disemba 2015 dịka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|United Nations]] na-edu. Tupu ọ bịarutere Tripoli na March 2016, Sarraj lanarịrị mbọ igbu ọchụ abụọ dị iche iche. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/libyan-prime-minister-survives-assassination-attempt-b897nr5dh|title=Libyan prime minister survives assassination attempt|author=Cairo|first=Bel Trew|date=21 February 2017|work=The Times|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, GNA na-agbasi mbọ ike ka ọ nweta ọkwa dịka ụlọ ọrụ iwu kwadoro n'ime obodo, Libya ka na-ekewa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/libya/faces/fayez-al-sarraj/|title=Libyan PM Fayez al-Sarraj: Can Former Architect Rebuild a Shattered Country?|work=Fanack.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> Ndị oflọ ndị nnọchi anya (HoR) jụrụ ndị gọọmentị mbụ tụrụ aro ka ha mee, na-eduga Sarraj ka ọ guzobe gọọmentị nwetara votu enweghị ntụkwasị obi site na HoR. <ref name="aljazeera1608221502">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/libya-backed-government-confidence-vote-160822150247789.html|title=Libya's UN-backed government gets 'no confidence' vote|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=7 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023092407/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/libya-backed-government-confidence-vote-160822150247789.html|archivedate=23 October 2017}}</ref> Esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị agha na-asọrịta mpi ka na-akawanye njọ, ụmụ amaala Libya echewokwa ihe isi ike akụ na ụba, gụnyere onu oriri, nrụrụ aka, na ịzụ ahịa, nke "na-agbaze ego ego nke mba ahụ". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/libya/2016-09-06/coming-fall-libyas-gna|title=The Coming Fall of Libya's GNA|author=Muntasser|first=Emadeddin Zahri|date=6 September 2016|work=Foreign Affairs|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/the-serraj-experiment-of-libya|title=The Failed Serraj Experiment of Libya|author=Pusztai|first=Wolfgang|work=Atlantic Council|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> Ndị nnọchiteanya United Nations bụ́ ndị hiwere ọchịchị ịdị n'otu ná mmalite ekwupụtawo nchegbu banyere ikike o nwere inwe ọganihu. Na December 2016, Security Council kwuru na "ikike nwere oke" nke GNA ma kwuo na "Nkwekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Libya emezughị ihe a tụrụ anya ya. Mmejuputa a kwụsịrị." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=55730|title=UN News – Libyan political accord 'stands firm, but stuck' – UN envoy tells Security Council|date=6 December 2016|work=UN News Service Section|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630012914/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=55730#.WdOyTltSyUk|archivedate=30 June 2017|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> Ọnwa ole na ole na-esote nkwupụta a, nchịkọta nzuko UN Security Council April 2017 dọrọ aka ná ntị na "Libya nwere ike ịlaghachi na esemokwu" ma kwuo na gọọmentị agbaala mbọ iji "inye ọrụ ndị bụ isi mgbe ha na-agba mbọ ịlụso iyi ọha egwu ọgụ, ịkwaga iwu na-akwadoghị na mbupụ mmanụ." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12799.doc.htm|title=Libya Could Relapse into Conflict, Secretary-General's Special Representative Warns, Citing Volatile Security, Human Rights Situation {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=7 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025014558/http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12799.doc.htm|archivedate=25 October 2017}}</ref> N'ịgbalị ime ka gọọmentị dị irè karị, akụkọ apụtala n'ime afọ 2017 nke nkwenye maka ịhazigharị GNA na nkwekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Libya dum. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-un/support-growing-for-amending-libya-government-leadership-u-n-official-idUSKBN15O083|title=Support growing for amending Libya government leadership: U.N. official|date=9 February 2017|work=Reuters|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.libyanexpress.com/will-libyas-government-of-national-accord-fall/|title=Will Libya's Government of National Accord fall?|date=13 September 2017|work=Libyan Express – Libya News, Opinion, Analysis and Latest Updates from Libya|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> Na Julaị 2018, Libya jụrụ atụmatụ European Union iji kwụsị ịkwaga Libya . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Libya rejects EU plans for migrant centers on its territory|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-libya/libya-rejects-eu-plans-for-migrant-centers-on-its-territory-idUSKBN1KA0X3|work=Reuters|date=20 July 2018|accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref> Na 10 Eprel 2019, onye isi United Nations António Guterres kwuru, n'isi ụlọ ọrụ UN, na ọ ka nwere olile anya izere "agha ọbara maka Tripoli". Ụbọchị abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ, ndị agha na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye Khalifa Haftar malitere ịkwaga n'isi obodo ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/04/1036481|title='Still time' to stop a 'bloody battle' for Libya's capital, insists Guterres|accessdate=11 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411210849/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/04/1036481|archivedate=11 April 2019}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.pm.gov.ly/ Gọọmenti nke National Accord – Office nke Prime Minister] * [https://twitter.com/faiezserraj Ihe ntanetị Twitter gọọmentị] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Aguila Saleh Issa]]|as=President of the House of Representatives of Libya}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of heads of state of Libya|Chairman of the Libyan Presidential Council]]|years=2016–2021}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mohamed al-Menfi]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Abdullah al-Thani]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of heads of government of Libya|Prime Minister of Libya]]|years=2016–2021}} {{s-aft|after=[[Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaib]]}} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Sarraj, Fayez}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0qrdfwsw0mhfbfmwtn9pg0kgkiptn2m 0 45365 727818 540053 2026-09-25T04:51:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727818 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ioan Gruffudd at the 2011 Comic-Con International.jpg|thumb|Ioan Gruffudd]] == Ndụ onwe onye == Gruffudd zutere Alice Evans n'afọ 1999 n'oge mmepụta nke 102 Dalmatians. Ha abụọ kwagara Los Angeles n'afọ 2003. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Chrissy Iley|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ioan-gruffudd-set-to-charm-hollywood-3d0wgbztlwv|title=Ioan Gruffudd: set to charm Hollywood|work=[[The Sunday Times]]|date=2 November 2008|accessdate=15 November 2023|archivedate=22 October 2021|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211022095449/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ioan-gruffudd-set-to-charm-hollywood-3d0wgbztlwv}}</ref>Na 14 Septemba 2007, ha lụrụ ọlụlụ dị na nwunye na Mexico. Nwoke enyemaka aka nri n'ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ ya bụ onye Welsh na-eme ihe nkiri Matthew Rhys, enyi ya ogologo oge. Ha abụọ bụ ndị nkwado nke Trust PA, òtù ọrụ ebere maka mmerụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ azụ na UK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2364377.stm|title=Welsh actors help spinal charity|date=26 October 2002|publisher=BBC|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> Evans na Gruffudd mụrụ ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, amụrụ n'afọ 2009 na n'afọ 2013. N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya n'afọ 2020, Gruffudd kwuru na ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe dị anya n'ụlọ pụtara na ya na nwunye ya gbalịrị ịnọnyere ibe ha n'ime afọ anọ gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/feb/24/ioan-gruffudd-on-sexism-weinstein-and-his-distressing-new-role-i-found-myself-crying|title=Ioan Gruffudd on sexism, Weinstein and playing a rapist: 'I found myself crying'|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Evans kwupụtara nkewa nke di na nwunye ahụ na Jenụwarị 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/ioan-gruffudd-leaving-family-wife-alice-evans-split/|title=Alice Evans Tweets Husband Ioan Gruffudd 'Has Announced He Is to Leave His Family': We Are 'Confused and Sad'|work=People}}</ref> Na 1 Machị 2021, Gruffudd tinyere akwụkwọ ịgba alụkwaghịm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/ioan-gruffudd-files-for-divorce-from-alice-evans-after-twitter-drama/|title=Ioan Gruffudd Files for Divorce From Alice Evans After Messy Twitter Drama|author=Macke|first=Johnni|date=2 March 2021|work=Us Weekly|accessdate=6 March 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2022, Gruffudd tinyere akwụkwọ maka iwu mgbochi Ime ihe ike n'ụlọ megide Evans. Nke a gụnyere nchebe nke enyi ya nwanyị bụ Bianca Wallace.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fernández|first=Alexia|url=https://people.com/movies/ioan-gruffudd-files-for-domestic-violence-restraining-order-against-estranged-wife-alice-evans/|title=Ioan Gruffudd Files for Domestic Violence Restraining Order Against Estranged Wife Alice Evans|publisher=People.com|date=16 February 2022}}</ref> N'abalị abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, e nyere Gruffudd iwu na-adịgide adịgide nke na-egbochi ime ihe ike n'ụlọ megide Evans.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Denman|first=Amy|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/ioan-gruffudd-granted-three-year-24662182|title=Ioan Gruffudd granted three-year restraining order against Alice Evans|publisher=walesonline.co.uk|date=3 August 2022}}</ref> Na abalị atọ nke ọnwa Julaị 2023, onye ọka ikpe LA kwupụtara na Gruffudd na Evans gbara alụkwaghịm n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/ioan-gruffudd-alice-evans-declared-30390146|title=Ioan Gruffudd and Alice Evans declared legally divorced two years on from split|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=4 July 2023}}</ref> N'afọ 2024, Gruffudd kwupụtara na ya na Bianca Wallace kwere nkwa ọlụlụ. Di na nwunye ahụ gosipụtara mmekọrịta ha n'afọ 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rice|first=Nicholas|date=January 21, 2024|title=Ioan Gruffudd Is Engaged to Girlfriend Bianca Wallace: 'The Most Precious Thing Happened'|url=https://people.com/ioan-gruffudd-is-engaged-to-girlfriend-bianca-wallace-8546867|publisher=People.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Roberts|first=Hannah|date=20 January 2024|title=Welsh actor Ioan Gruffudd announces engagement to Bianca Wallace|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/ioan-gruffudd-welsh-instagram-wallace-wales-b1133699.html|publisher=Evening Standard}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri ndị O mepụtara == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="2" |1997 ! scope="row" |''Ọzara'' |John Gray | |- ! scope="row" |''Titanic'' |Harold Lowe | |- |1999 ! scope="row" |''Solomon &amp;amp; Gaenor'' |Solomon Levinsky | |- |2000 ! scope="row" |''Ndị Dalmatian 102'' |Kevin Shepherd | |- | rowspan="4" |2001 ! scope="row" |''Ndụ Ọzọ'' |Ndị Freddy Bywaters | |- ! scope="row" |''Annie Mary nke ukwuu'' |Hob | |- ! scope="row" |''Obi Ụtọ Ugbu A?'' |Sgt. Max Bracchi | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Black Hawk Down (ihe nkiri)|Black Hawk Down]]'' |Lieutenant John Beales | |- | rowspan="3" |2002 ! scope="row" |''Ndị gbara égbè'' |Guns Freddy | |- ! scope="row" |''Nwoke na Nwa nwoke'' |Harry Silver |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- ! scope="row" |''Mgbakọ ahụ'' |Dan Blakeley | |- |2003 ! scope="row" |''Ndụ Nwa agbọghọ a'' |Daniel | |- |2004 ! scope="row" |''Eze Arthur'' |Lancelot | |- |2005 ! scope="row" |''Nnukwu Anọ'' |Reed Richards / Mister Fantastic |A họpụtara ya - MTV Movie Award maka Best On-Screen Team <small> (ya na [[Jessica Alba]], Chris Evans na Michael Chiklis) </small> |- | rowspan="2" |2006 ! scope="row" |''Ihe nkiri TV'' |Richard McAllister | |- ! scope="row" |''Obiọma Dị Iche'' |William Wilberforce | |- | rowspan="2" |2007 ! scope="row" |''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'' |Reed Richards / Mister Fantastic |A họpụtara ya - Teen Choice Award maka Choice Movie DanceNominated - Razzie Award maka Best Screen Couple <small> (ya na Jessica Alba) </small> <br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Akụkọ USA'' |Simon | |- | rowspan="5" |2008 ! scope="row" |''Ihe Ọ Ga-abụ'' |Nwoke ahụ |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- ! scope="row" |''Nnụnụ ọkụ n'ogige ahụ'' |Addison | |- ! scope="row" |''Ihe Nzuzo nke Moonacre'' |Sir Benjamin Merryweather | |- ! scope="row" |''W.'' |Tony Blair | |- ! scope="row" |''Onye Agha Crush'' |Onye Agha Crush |Ọrụ olu |- |2010 ! scope="row" |''Nwa ahụ'' |Onye nkuzi | |- | rowspan="3" |2011 ! scope="row" |''Ndị isi jọgburu onwe ha'' |Wetwork Expert (n'ezie nwanyị akwụna na-egwu mamịrị) |Cameo |- ! scope="row" |''Ebe Nsọ'' |Carl Hurley | |- ! scope="row" |''Nkwado'' |Alec |A na-akpọkwa ya Angel in the House''Mmụọ ozi n'Ụlọ'' |- | rowspan="2" |2013 ! scope="row" |''Onye Njem: Ọbụ ọnụ nke Igbe Midas'' |Charles Mundi | |- ! scope="row" |''Eddie'' |Onye Ogbu Mmadụ |Dị mkpirikpi |- | rowspan="3" |2014 ! scope="row" |''Njikọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi: Agha'' |Thomas Morrow |Ọrụ olu; kpọmkwem na vidiyo<ref name="btva" /> |- ! scope="row" |''N'okpuru Osisi Mmiri'' |Mog Edwards |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- ! scope="row" |''Ịkpọ ya egwu'' |Ihe nzuzu | |- |2015 ! scope="row" |''San Andreas'' |Daniel Riddick | |- |2017 ! scope="row" |''Nọgide Na-ele Anya'' |Adam Miller | |- |2018 ! scope="row" |''Ihe ndị e ji ebute ya'' |William Kingsley | |- |2019 ! scope="row" |''Prọfesọ na Onye Nri'' |Henry Bradley | |- |2020 ! scope="row" |''Ava'' |Pita | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 ! scope="row" |''Ụmụ nwoke ọjọọ: Na-agba Ma Ọbụ Na-anwụ'' |Lockwood |Mgbe e mepụtara ya <ref>{{Cite web|author=Grobar|first=Matt|date=April 28, 2023|title='Bad Boys 4': Ioan Gruffudd Latest To Join Next Installment Of Sony Franchise|url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/bad-boys-4-ioan-gruffudd-joins-will-smith-martin-lawrence-in-new-installment-1235340807/|accessdate=May 29, 2024|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |} === Egwuregwu vidiyo === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- |2005 ! scope="row" |''Nnukwu Anọ'' |Reed Richards / Mister Fantastic |Dabere na ihe nkiri nke otu aha ahụ <ref name="btva">{{Cite web|title=Ioan Gruffudd (visual voices guide)|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Ioan-Gruffudd/|accessdate=May 29, 2024|publisher=Behind The Voice Actors}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Ioan-Gruffudd/ "Ioan Gruffudd (visual voices guide)"]. </cite></ref> |- |2012 ! scope="row" |''Diablo nke Atọ'' |Necromancer (nwoke) | |} === Ihe nkiri Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- |1986 ! scope="row" |''Austin'' |Dafydd | |- |1987–1994 ! scope="row" |''Pobol na Cwm'' |Gareth Wyn Harries | |- |1996 ! scope="row" |''Ogige ntụrụndụ'' |Jeremy Poldark | |- | rowspan="2" |1998 ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Otu OhereOhere Dị Iche'' |Onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri bụ Horatio Hornblower | |- ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Nnyocha maka LieutenantUle maka Lieutenant'' |Onye na-anọchite anya Lt. Horatio Hornblower | |- | rowspan="4" |1999 ! scope="row" |''Ndị agha'' |Lieutenant John Feeley | |- ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Duchess na Ekwensu'' |Onye na-anọchite anya Lt. Horatio Hornblower | |- ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Frogs na LobstersAkịrịka na Lobsters'' |Lt. Horatio Hornblower | |- ! scope="row" |''Nnukwu Atụmanya'' |Pip | |- | rowspan="3" |2002 ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Nnupụisi'' |Lt. Horatio Hornblower nke atọ | |- ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Ịkwụ ụgwọNkwụghachi ụgwọ'' |Lt. Horatio Hornblower nke atọ | |- ! scope="row" |''Akụkọ Forsyte'' |Phillip Bosinney | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Iguzosi ike n'ihe'' |Ọchịagha Horatio Hornblower | |- ! scope="row" |''Hornblower: Ọrụ'' |Ọchịagha Horatio Hornblower | |- |2004 ! scope="row" |''Obodo Iri Afọ'' |Lukas Gold | |- |2005 ! scope="row" |''Njikọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi Na-akparaghị ókè'' |Onye Ọrụ Ebube |Olu, ihe omume: "The Ties That Bind"<ref name="btva"/> |- | rowspan="2" |2010 ! scope="row" |''Ben 10: Ike Ndị Ala Ọzọ'' |Devin Levin |Olu, ihe omume: "Vendetta" |- ! scope="row" |''Batman: Onye nwere obi ike na Onye nwere obi ọjọọ'' |Blue Beetle Scarab |Olu, ihe omume: "Revenge of the Reach!"[1]<ref name="btva" /> |- |2011–2012 ! scope="row" |''Ringer'' |Andrew Martin | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 ! scope="row" |''Nwoke Ezinụlọ'' |Prince Charles |Ọrụ olu, ihe omume: "Family Guy Viewer Mail #2" |- ! scope="row" |''Ndị Britain'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ | |- | rowspan="4" |2013 ! scope="row" |''Ụtụtụ Mọnde'' |Dr. Stewart Delaney |Ọrụ ndị ọbịa |- ! scope="row" |''Obí Eze'' |Erik Vaughn |Ihe omume: "The Squab and the Quail" |- ! scope="row" |''Ịdị Ike Dị Mkpa'' |Ike Nolan |Ọrụ ndị ọbịa |- ! scope="row" |''Glee'' |Paolo San Pablo |Ihe omume 2 ("Ịhụnanya, Ịhụnanya,Ịhụnanya"; "Ọgwụgwụ nke Twerk") |- |2014–2015 ! scope="row" |''Ruo mgbe ebighị ebi'' |Dr. Henry Morgan |Ihe omume iri abụọ na abụọ |- |2016 ! scope="row" |''Ihe Na-adịghị Eziokwu'' |John Booth |Ọrụ ndị ọbịa |- |2017–2020 ! scope="row" |''Ịgha ụgha'' |Andrew Earlham |Ihe omume iri na abụọ |- |2018–2021 ! scope="row" |''Harrow'' |Dr. Daniel Harrow |Ọrụ ndu |- |2022 ! scope="row" |''Nzukọ ahụ'' |Thomas Degalais |Ọrụ ndu |} === Ihe nkiri Tiyeta === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ebe ! scope="col" |Ọrụ |- | rowspan="3" |1995 ! scope="row" |''Hedda Gabler'' |London (RADA) |George (Jörgen) Tesman |- ! scope="row" |''Nsogbu ihi ụra''<ref name="Ward">{{Cite web|title=Nick Ward|url=http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsW/ward-nick.php|publisher=Doollee.com|accessdate=19 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602234348/http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsW/WardNick.htm|archivedate=2 June 2008}}</ref> |National Theatre Studio, London |''A maghị ya'' |- ! scope="row" |''Decameron''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ian Shuttleworth|authorlink=Ian Shuttleworth|title=The Decameron. Gate Theatre, London. Opened 23 July 1996|url=http://www.cix.co.uk/~shutters/reviews/96064.htm|work=[[Financial Times]] (reproduced on [[Ian Shuttleworth]]'s homepage)|date=July 1996}}</ref><ref name="Ward" /> |Ụlọ Egwuregwu Gate, Notting Hill, London |''A maghị ya'' |- |2001 ! scope="row" |''Egwuregwu Ihe M dere'' |Ụlọ Egwuregwu Wyndham, London |Onye Nleta Nzuzo |} === Vidiyo egwu === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ! scope="col" |Album ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |  |- |2001 ! scope="row" |"Nwa agbọghọ Uptown" |Ndụ ọdịda anyanwụ |''Ụwa nke Anyị'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Imdb">{{Cite web|title=Ioan Gruffudd – Biography|date=21 February 2018|publisher=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0344435/bio}}</ref> |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ Nrụaka == * {{Cite news|author=Hoggard|first=Liz|title=Ioan Gruffudd: Enter the dragon|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/film-and-tv/features/ioan-gruffudd-enter-the-dragon-496974.html|work=[[The Independent]]|date=2 July 2005|archive-date=6 May 2008|access-date=24 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506010136/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/film-and-tv/features/ioan-gruffudd-enter-the-dragon-496974.html|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|title=Ioan Gruffudd biography|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/arts/sites/ioan_gruffudd/pages/biography.shtml|work=[[BBC Wales]]|accessdate=14 May 2008}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ioan GruffuddnaEbe nchekwa data ihe nkiri TCM * Ioan GruffuddnaAllMovie * {{IMDb name}} {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Gruffudd, Ioan}} 9q7bhcob8fq76uw1cjjwpxdjfrvv69w 0 45587 727876 706771 2026-09-25T09:01:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727876 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Johannes Michalski''' ( c. 1936 - Nọvemba 4, 2019) bụ onye America na- ese ihe na Belgian. Ọkpụkpụ abụọ, ọ na-ese site n'iji ọnụ ya jide brush. <ref name="stgeorgenewsobit">{{Cite news|author=Louis|first=David|title=Armless painter based in Southern Utah dies at 83|url=https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/archive/2019/11/08/dld-armless-painter-based-in-southern-utah-dies-at-83/|accessdate=November 14, 2019|work=St. George News|date=November 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109134427/https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/archive/2019/11/08/dld-armless-painter-based-in-southern-utah-dies-at-83/|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="spectrumpainterwithout">{{Cite news|author=Passey|first=Brian|title=Painter without arms reflects on a lifetime of art|url=https://eu.thespectrum.com/story/life/2016/12/02/painter-without-arms-reflects-lifetime-art/94815340/|accessdate=November 14, 2019|work=The Spectrum|date=December 2, 2016}}</ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == * {{Cite book|author=Michalski|first=Johannes|title=With a Brush in my Mouth: The Autobiography of Johannes Michalski|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781936434503|date=2013|publisher=Synergy Books Publishing|location=St. George, Utah|isbn=9781936434503|oclc=858560055}} == Ntụaka == aka na aka ya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=February 8, 2011|title=Armless Iranian artist to showcase paintings|work=The Telegraph|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8310186/Armless-Iranian-artist-to-showcase-paintings.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021212452/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8310186/Armless-Iranian-artist-to-showcase-paintings.html|archive-date=October 21, 2015|access-date=May 27, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saltaneh nwere ụmụnne{{Reflist}} 18movw3e11jz2vxiyx5so5vb7pg98s0 0 45616 727741 709247 2026-09-24T22:14:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gilbert Asante''' bụ onye ntụzi ihe okike nke Ghana, onye na-ese foto, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-18|title=Glitz Style Fashion Photographer of the Year receives a Nokia 7 plus from HMD Global|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Glitz-Style-Fashion-Photographer-of-the-Year-receives-a-Nokia-7-plus-from-HMD-Global-686024|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> na onye na-ese ihe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-02|title=These 7 editorial photos captured by Ghanaian photographer Gilbert Asante is pure work of an art genius|url=https://braperucci.africa/these-7-editorial-photos-captured-by-ghanaian-photographer-gilbert-asante-is-pure-work-of-fashion-and-art/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Bra Perucci Africa|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811083149/https://braperucci.africa/these-7-editorial-photos-captured-by-ghanaian-photographer-gilbert-asante-is-pure-work-of-fashion-and-art/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=20 of the best Ghanaian photographers in 2015|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/20-of-the-best-Ghanaian-photographers-in-2015-457904?gallery=3|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka foto viral ya nke ndị ama ama Ghana gụnyere [[Joselyn Dumas]], <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-13|title=International magazine calls Joselyn Dumas 'A Power House Personality'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/International-magazine-calls-Joselyn-Dumas-A-Power-House-Personality-1444129|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401142611/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/International-magazine-calls-Joselyn-Dumas-A-Power-House-Personality-1444129}}</ref> Boxing Azumah Nelson, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Azumah Nelson: Making a Difference, Inspiring Hope|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1143612/azumah-nelson-making-a-difference-inspiring-hope.html|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> [[Lydia Forson]], Big Brother Nigeria Housemate, [[Dorathy Bachor|Nengi]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2021-03-01|title=Nengi is a sight to behold on Glitz Africa Magazine's Latest Issue|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/03/nengi-glitz-africa-cover/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ ya na June 14, 1987, Gilbert tolitere na Koforidua wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị St. Peter's Boys Senior High School dị na Nkwatia maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tabbey-Botchwey|first=Adom|date=2020-04-14|title=10 personalities you didn't know are PERSCO alumni|url=https://braperucci.africa/10-personalities-you-didnt-know-are-persco-alumni/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Bra Perucci Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> E mechara nye ya nzere na Telecommunication Engineering site na mahadum Ghana Communications Technology University . == Ọrụ == Gilbert bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nwe ya maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dijitalụ, Laceup Media. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-24|title=Spotlight on the Creative Economy in Ghana - Africa.com|url=https://www.africa.com/spotlight-on-the-creative-economy-in-ghana/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=www.africa.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813205531/https://www.africa.com/spotlight-on-the-creative-economy-in-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> O depụtala isiokwu dị iche iche site n'aka onye bụbu First Lady Ghana na onye mbụ na-azọ onye isi ala nwanyị, Oriakụ Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings maka ncheta ya nye ndị a ma ama gụnyere [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|Omotola Jalade]], <ref>{{Cite web|author=adeusi|first=diipo|date=2016-04-12|title=Check out the actress' full spread in Glitz Africa magazine|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-check-out-the-actress-full-spread-in-glitz-africa-magazine/j89h1eg|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2020-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207034949/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-check-out-the-actress-full-spread-in-glitz-africa-magazine/j89h1eg}}</ref> [[DJ Cuppy]], [[Lydia Forson]], [[Big Brother Naija|Big Brother Nigeria]] Housemate, [[Dorathy Bachor|Nengi Rebecca Hampson]], [[Joselyn Dumas]], [[Boris Kodjoe|Boris Kudjoe]], [[Sandra "Alexandrina" Don-Arthur|Alexandrina Sandra Don-Arthur]], ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme [[Nana Oforiatta Ayim|Nana OforiAtta Ayim]] <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-13|title=Nana Oforiatta Ayim on Quarantine in Accra and Deconstructing Privilege|url=https://coveteur.com/2020/07/13/nana-oforiatta-ayim-god-child/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Coveteur: Inside Closets, Fashion, Beauty, Health, and Travel|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128183822/https://coveteur.com/2020/07/13/nana-oforiatta-ayim-god-child/}}</ref> na [[Jackie Appiah]] yana ụdị ndị ọ na-arụ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-06|title=Jackie Appiah Is A Golden Goddess On The New Glam Africa Magazine Cover!|url=https://www.bellanaijastyle.com/jackie-appiah-glam-africa-magazine/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=BN Style|language=en-US}}</ref> Asante arụwo ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụdị ejiji gụnyere Nestle, Vodafone Ghana, Guinness, Ernest Chemist, Martell, Meridian Port Services (MPS), Ophelia Crossland, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Weddings|first=BellaNaija|date=2020-01-15|title=BN Bridal: The 2020 Classic Collection by Ophelia Crossland|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/ophelia-crossland-2020-bridal-collection/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> na Velma Owusu-Bempah . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Portia|first=Arthur|date=2019-05-31|title=Velma Millinery & Accessories releases new collection for brides|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/velma-millinery-and-accessories-releases-new-collection-for-brides/225nmy4|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128182902/https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/velma-millinery-and-accessories-releases-new-collection-for-brides/225nmy4}}</ref> E gosikwara ya na akwụkwọ mba ụwa na nke obodo gụnyere Coveteur, Glitz Africa, Canoe Magazine, ''New African Woman, EMY Magazine, Shick Magazine, GQ, Glam Africa Magazine'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Effah|first=K.|date=2016-05-31|title=Six of Ghana's top photographers|url=https://yen.com.gh/54024-six-ghanas-top-photographers.html|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|archivedate=2022-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401151220/https://yen.com.gh/54024-six-ghanas-top-photographers.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Starrfm.com.gh|date=2017-02-09|title=Starr FM's Anita Erskine covers New African Woman Magazine — Starr Fm|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2017/02/starr-fms-anita-erskine-covers-new-african-woman-magazine/|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621023918/https://starrfm.com.gh/2017/02/starr-fms-anita-erskine-covers-new-african-woman-magazine/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lensmen behind some of our favorite covers – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/behind-the-cover-lensmen/|accessdate=2022-06-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223160146/https://www.glitzafrica.com/behind-the-cover-lensmen/}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == Asante bụ onye nnata nke 2016 na 2018 nke Glitz Style Awards Photographer nke afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=News|title=Bola Ray, KOD, Others to Receive Glitz Style Awards {{!}} News Ghana|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/bola-ray-kod-others-to-receive-glitz-style-awards/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=newsghana.com.gh|language=en-US}}</ref> Njem omenala na 2017 depụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese foto Ghana 10 "na-eduga n'ụzọ na-eduzi anya na mba Africa nke oge a na multifaceted" tinyere onye mbụ na-ese foto Ghana, Mr James Barnor . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Banda|first=Rajaa|date=2017-09-06|title=10 Top Ghanaian Photographers To Know|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/10-top-ghanaian-photographers-to-know/|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=Culture Trip|archivedate=2022-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128174228/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/10-top-ghanaian-photographers-to-know/}}</ref> Ọ natara aha ya na ngalaba Creative na Nkwado Arts na EMY Awards na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-02|title=The Emy Africa Awards 6th edition|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-Emy-Africa-Awards-6th-edition-1323025|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129171406/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-Emy-Africa-Awards-6th-edition-1323025}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka Nhọrọ Editor site na webụsaịtị nkekọrịta foto, 500 px maka onyonyo ya Black Girl Magic. Ihe ngosi nke onye na-ese foto na United Kingdom gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na Eranda Studio. CNN Africa na F Show Stoppers egosipụtala ọrụ ya na nyiwe dijitalụ ha dịka akụkụ nke ndị nka ha na usoro Instagram. == Ntụaka == [[Iwu, ihe ịchọ mma na ihe nrite nke Ghana|Medal]] (GM), yana ọtụtụ ihe nrite sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị na mba ahụ. O nwetara nturu ugo sitere na [[Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Ghana|Ghana Broadcasting Corporation]]{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://gilbertasante.com Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [https://www.instagram.com/gilbertasante/ Instagram] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] js6ors4fk2jlbplux4zznfjp778pz6j 0 46083 727687 644515 2026-09-24T18:15:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727687 wikitext text/x-wiki Eythar Gubara bu onye ese foto na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ. A maara ya nke ọma maka foto akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na Sudan yana ihe ndị mere n'oge mgbanwe Sudanese. N'ime ọrụ ya, o tinyela uche pụrụ iche na ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwanyị, yana iche iche mmekọrịta mmadụ na Sudan. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Gubara na Khartoum, [[Sudan]], ma too na Atbara, obodo dị ihe dị ka kilomita 200 n'ebe ugwu Khartoom. &nbsp;Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gụrụ sayensị kọmputa ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa ahịa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Eythar Gubara: And then I see the story as a picture in front of me.|url=https://www.martin-roth-initiative.de/en/Eythar_Gubara|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=www.martin-roth-initiative.de|language=en|archivedate=2022-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224020831/https://www.martin-roth-initiative.de/en/Eythar_Gubara}}</ref> [[Usòrò:DSC Fishing on River Nile in Sudan.jpg|thumb|252x252px|Ịkụ azụ n'osimiri Naịl, site n'aka Eythar Gubara, 2014]] Ihe osise ya na-egosi itinye aka na ikike mmadụ na ọkachasị Enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị na Sudan egosila ya na magazin ịntanetị dị ka òtù na ahụ maka ikike mmadụ Dawn MENA <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 January 2021|title="It Was Easy for Them To Shoot You"; Nevertheless, Assil Diab Persisted|url=https://dawnmena.org/it-was-easy-for-them-to-shoot-you-nevertheless-assil-diab-persisted/|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=DAWN|language=en-US}}</ref> na Goethe-Institut Sudan . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Always Motivated by Hope!|url=https://www.goethe.de/prj/ruy/en/frauenbewegungen/21521821.html|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=@GI_weltweit|language=en}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, e sere Gubara na foto ma kwuo ya dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Sudanese graffiti artist Assil Diab, na eguzo n'ihu Ihe odide mgbidi nke onye na eme ngagharị iwe e gburu n'oge mgbanwe na BBC News 'Africa Week in Pictures' na July 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 July 2019|title=Africa's week in pictures: 19–25 July 2019|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49111599|accessdate=2021-07-11}}</ref> Kemgbe Disemba 2019, Gubara anọwo na ebi na Germany ma gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na ọrụ ya dị ka onye na ese foto na Mahadum Fine Arts nke Hamburg, nke agụmakwụkwọ kwadoro.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=14 June 2018|title=Als ob dein Körper nicht dein Körper wäre|url=https://oliverdriesen.de/interviews/als-ob-dein-koerper-nicht-dein-koerper-waere/|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=TWASBO Magazin|language=de-DE|archivedate=7 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107174454/https://oliverdriesen.de/interviews/als-ob-dein-koerper-nicht-dein-koerper-waere/}}</ref> Na June 2020, MOM Art Space na Hamburg gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke onwe ya The Third of June, na egosipụta ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Khartoum tupu ogbugbu Khartous, yana foto nke ndị mmadụ bi n'okpuru gọọmentị Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eythar Gubara ist Künstlerin und Aktivistin und stellt zur Zeit im Mom Art Space aus.|url=https://aino.hamburg/s/the-3rd-of-june-eythar-gubara/|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=AINO Hamburg|language=de-DE|archivedate=2023-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107174514/https://aino.hamburg/s/the-3rd-of-june-eythar-gubara/}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, e gosipụtara ya n'etiti ndị ọzọ na ese foto Sudan n'oge a n'akwụkwọ French Soudan 2019, année zéro . Akwụkwọ a banyere ngagharị iwe ndị bu ụzọ daa n'ọchịchị ndị agha Sudan nke Omar al-Bashir gosipụtara akụkọ na foto ndị na egosi ọkwa dị iche iche na ndị na etinye aka na mgbanwe Sudan ruo mgbe ndị uwe ojii bibiri ihe a na akpọ ebe a na anọ n'ebe ahụ na 3 June 2019. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Bach|first=Jean-Nicolas|url=https://www.eyrolles.com/Loisirs/Livre/soudan-2019-annee-zero-9782358481854/|title=Soudan 2019, année zéro|publisher=Soleb – bleu autour|year=2021|isbn=978-2-918157-44-1|location=Paris|language=fr|accessdate=}}</ref> Na-agba ọsọ site na 4 Julaị ruo 26 Septemba 2021, emume foto Rencontres de la photographie na Arles na ndịda France kwupụtara ihe ngosi banyere mgbanwe Sudan n'okpuru aha 'Thawra! ثورة Revolution!' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghoussoub|first=Sabyl|date=6 July 2021|title=Sudan: When Utopia Becomes Reality|url=https://www.blind-magazine.com/en/news/1385/Sudan-When-Utopia-Becomes-Reality|accessdate=2021-07-07|work=blind-magazine.com|language=en}}</ref> O gosipụtara foto nke Gubara na ndị ọzọ na-ese foto na Sudan site na akwụkwọ Soudan 2019, année zéro.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Les Rencontres d'Arles|title=Thawra ! ثورة Revolution !|url=http://www.rencontres-arles.com//en/expositions/view/983/thawra-ssss-revolution|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=www.rencontres-arles.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=9 July 2021|title=Dix expositions à voir aux Rencontres d'Arles|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2021/07/09/dix-expositions-a-voir-aux-rencontres-d-arles_6087633_3246.html|accessdate=2021-07-13}}</ref> N'oge emume a, Gubara meriri ihe nrite foto Prix de la photo Madame Figaro - Arles ''2021'' maka akụkọ foto ya bụ Madame Figaro, nke mere ka e nye ya ọrụ maka nchịkọta foto ejiji maka magazin ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Meffre|first=Anne-Claire|date=3 July 2021|title=Prix Madame Figaro Arles 2021 : zoom sur les 8 photographes nominées|url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/prix-madame-figaro-arles-2021-zoom-sur-8-photographes-nominees-250621-197122|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=Madame Figaro|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Les Rencontres d'Arles|date=8 July 2021|title=PRIX DE LA PHOTO MADAME FIGARO ARLES 2021|url=http://www.rencontres-arles.com//en/actualites/view/542/prix-de-la-photo-madame-figaro-arles-2021|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=www.rencontres-arles.com|archive-date=2023-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107174521/https://www.rencontres-arles.com/en/actualites/view/542/prix-de-la-photo-madame-figaro-arles-2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Stehli|first=Jean-Sébastien|date=9 July 2021|title=Eythar Gubara, lauréate du 5e Prix de la Photo Madame Figaro – Arles|url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/eythar-gubara-laureate-du-5e-prix-de-la-photo-madame-figaro-arles-090721-197378|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=Madame Figaro|language=fr}}</ref> Mgbe nke a gasịrị, e bipụtara foto ya nke onye na ese ejiji Senegalese Samb Fatou na mbipụta 1 Julaị nke magazin ahụ na 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Maximilian|date=2 July 2022|title=Samb Fatou by Eythar Gubara for Madame Figaro July 1st, 2022 – fashionotography|url=https://www.fashionotography.com/eythar-gubara-madame-figaro-july-1st-2022/|accessdate=2022-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Na mmekorita ya na International Film Festival na Forum on Human Rights (FIFDH), International Red Cross na Red Crescent Museum na Geneva kpọrọ Gubara maka mkparịta ụka masterclass na Gender & Diversity na 8 Machị 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|date=1 March 2022|title=Masterclass #3 with Rebecca Amsellem and Eythar Gubara at the FIFDH|url=https://www.redcrossmuseum.ch/en/fifdh-2022-rebecca-amsellem-eythar-gubara/|accessdate=2022-03-04|work=International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum|archivedate=7 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107174526/https://www.redcrossmuseum.ch/en/fifdh-2022-rebecca-amsellem-eythar-gubara/}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Foto na Sudan * Ihe osise nke Sudan * ''Sudan 2019, Afọ efu'' == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230107175106/https://www.saisonafrica2020.com/en/agenda/sudan-history-uprising Sudan Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nnupụisi]'' Foto ngosi na Recontres de la photographie Arles, 2021Ihe ngosi foto na Recontres de la photographie Arles, 2021 * Vidio nke ogbako na ngosi [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apKM8s0Y1vM Mugran Foto Encounter 2015, Sudan], na-egosi Eythar Gubara (0:38") na ndị ọzọ na-ese foto na Sudan * Ọtụtụ Rivers, One Nile, foto slide-show 2014, na egosi akụkọ Gubara Fishing on the Nile (12:15") na ndị ọzọ na ese foto Sudan {{DEFAULTSORT:Gubara, Eythar}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 45hr10o4qmhb6884lqtm5daniiqzmxn 0 46178 727652 687507 2026-09-24T15:38:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Elma Lewis 1975 press photo.jpg|thumb|Elma Lewis na 1975]]   Elma Ina Lewis (Septemba 15, 1921 – Jenụwarị 1, 2004) bụ onye nkuzi nka nka na onye nna National Center of Afro-American Artists na Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts .  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nnata mbụ nke MacArthur Fellows Grant, na 1981, wee nweta Nrite Onye isi ala maka Arts site n'aka Onye isi ala Ronald Reagan na 1983. Ọ bụkwa onye na-enye Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.<ref name="histnote">"[http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20297129 Historical Note]." ''Archives and Special Collections Finding Aids: Elma Ina Lewis Papers.'' Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections. Web. Accessed 21 May 2014.</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kahn|first=Joseph P.|title=Arts leader Elma Lewis dead at 82|work=Boston.com|accessdate=2014-05-21|date=2004-01-02|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2004/01/02/arts_leader_elma_lewis_dead_at_82/|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081607/http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2004/01/02/arts_leader_elma_lewis_dead_at_82/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Dunning|first=Jennifer|title=Elma Lewis, 82, Arts Educator And Mentor|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2014-05-22|date=2004-01-26|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/26/arts/elma-lewis-82-arts-educator-and-mentor.html}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == <ref name="Marcus">Marcus, Jon. [https://search.proquest.com/docview/565737360 “At 75, Activist Reflects on Life's Work Promoting Black Culture.”] Los Angeles Sentinel, 14 Aug. 1997, p. A16. Oct 26 2017. Subscription required.</ref>gidan Lewis na September 15, 1921 na Boston nye nne na nna Clairmont na Edwardine Lewis ndị si Barbados kwaga.  [1] [2] Lewis nwere ike nwoke abụọ, Darnley na George site na ozi na nke mbụ nke nne ya.  [3] Ọ gara Ruggles Street Nursery School na 1924 ebe a gwara ya na IQ ya dị elu ihe ka ọ ga-adị mgbe o tolitere.  Ncheta ahụ dị ya n'obi, ọ ga-emekwa ka ọ ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ya ma emechaa.  Nne na nna ya bụ ndị na-eso Marcus Garvey bụ ndị echiche ya na-ekwu maka nganga ya na mkpọsa omenala Africa.  [4] Lewis gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndekọ Roxbury Memorial maka ụmụ anụmanụ ebe ọ il olu, piano na ịgba egwu.  [5] Ọ bụ ọrụ site na akwụkwọ site n'ime ihe nkiri ihe nkiri mpaghara wee gụchaa na Emerson College (BLI, 1943), na akwụkwọ edemede Mahadum Boston (M.Ed., 1944).  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Boston, Lewis -usoro usoro iji okwu na Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Ọgwụgwụ New England, na Ọgwụgwụ Habit nke Boston.  Ọ kuziri ịgba egwu na ihe nkiri na Cambridge Community Center na nka nka na Harriet Tubman House .  [1] Mgbe ọ dị afọ 23, Lewis na ndị alaka ya si na Dudley street dị na Roxbury kwaga n'otu ụlọ dị n'okporo ụzọ ámá Homestead ebe o bi ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.  Na 1951, nne Lewis, Edwardine nwụrụ.  Nwanne ya nwoke Darnley wee banye n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru ụlọ ya na-enye na ụmụ ya. == Nkuzi nka == === Ụlọ akwụkwọ Elma Lewis nke Fine Arts (ELSFA) === Na 1950 Lewis hibere ụlọ akwụkwọ Elma Lewis nke Ọma nka iji nye nkuzi maka ndị obodo Africa-America na Boston na mmemme zuru oke n'ofe nka na nka.  Usoro nkuzi n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịwulite agwa na nkuzi nka dị iche site na iche echiche na ihe ngosi.  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya dọtara ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu nzaghachi elu na nka nka nke rụpụtara mmemme siri ike.  N'oge ọ kacha elu, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ debara aha ụmụ akwụkwọ 700 ma were 100 ndị nkuzi were ọrụ.  [1] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ gara n'ihu n'ahụ ndị na-aga nke ọma.  Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu na aha ụlọ akwụkwọ Lewis bụ omenala ike nke oge ahụ.  Boston nsogbu nsogbu nbibi n'etiti 1970s ka ụlọ akwụkwọ nyere iwu ka ndị ụlọ akwụkwọ nyere iwu.  [2] N'ihi nsogbu ego, ndebanye aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ na-amalite ibelata.  [3] Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke orụ na nsogbu ego, na n'ihi ụtụ isi, e mechibidoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 1997. <ref name="Marcus" /> === National Center of Afro-American Artists (NCAAA) === Lewis hiwere National Center of Afro-American Artists nke jere ozi dị ka nche anwụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, otu nka mpaghara na ebe ngosi nka.  [1] Saịtị ahụ nke leghaara Franklin Park anya, bụbu Temple Mishkan Tefila na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị nso.  E nyefere ya n'aka Lewis nke ndị ọrụ ebere ndị Juu haziri dịka nke usoro ndị Juu na-ahapụ obodo Boston.  Tupu fim a, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ agafeela ọtụtụ ebe ike nsogbu ego.  Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, etiti ahụ ji denyere ruru $720,000.  [2] Mmepụta kwa afọ nke nwa afọ ojii Langston Hughes ihe dị mkpa nke iwu a ma Lewis n'onwe ya na-eduzi ya kwa afọ. === Mmemme ihe nkiri nka nka === Lewis pinka Nka na ẹzẹ na Massachusetts Correctional Institute.  Ndị na-ekiri 750 nọ n'ahụ anya Norfolk bụ ndị debanyere aha na mmemme ahụ gosiri ihe ngosi na-egosi nkà dịka nhazi egwu.  Na 1972, akwụkwọ bụ́ “mụ buru ibu?  Voices ojii sitere na Norfolk Prison , " na-akụkọ egwu ha, yana ọrụ nke ndị odee/ndị ihe iri, ji okwu nke Lewis akwụkwọ.. == Mgbe e mesịrị ndụ == === Onyinye na mmekọ === A Lewis onye otu ndị American Academy of Arts and Sciences na 1977. [1] O ji aka n'ịkwalite omenala ndị America site n'ụdị nka.  Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye otu bọọdụ maka òtù dị iche iche, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Congressional Black Caucus, Metropolitan Cultural Alliance, na NAACP [2] Lewis abịara Commonwealth, Massachusetts' kasị elu award na nka, na ọtụtụ  ndị ọzọ.  egwu egwu egwu ihe nke nta ka ọ doctorate iri atọ sitere na mahadum dị iche iche.  [3] N'October 2003, National Visionary Leadership Project na emume na Washington's JF Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, aha ya bụ Miss Lewis, na-egosi Ray Charles na John Hope Franklin, dị ka "Elder Vision."  [4] A na-echeta ya n'okporo ụzọ Heritage Women's Boston.  [5] N'afọ 1973, Lewis overya $350,000 sitere na ntọala Rockefeller iji kwalite ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ wee agbalị nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.  [6] N'afọ 1981, Lewis nwere ihe nchekwa nke John D. na Catherine MacArthur Foundation.  Onyinye a bụ nke mmemme awụ ise ebe a ga-enye 21 MacArthur Prize Fellows ego kwa afọ maka mmezu ha na ihe ihe.  [7] Na 1983 ọ natara nrite onye isi ala maka nka site n'aka Onye isi ala Reagan.  N'afọ 1986, Lewis, ndụmọdụ nturu ugo eze site na National Council for Culture and Art.  Kwa afọ, Kansụl na-enye mmadụ akara maka mmezu ndụ ndụ n'ime ihe ngosi na nka <ref>[https://search.proquest.com/docview/226326210 NCCA Award] "NCCA Salutes Simon Estes, Elma Lewis." New York Amsterdam News (1962-1993): 30. Sep 13 1986. Web. 30 Oct. 2017 . Subscription required.</ref> === Ntinye aka obodo === A bịara mara Lewis dị ka Grande Dame of Arts na Roxbury n'ihi ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, ihe ọ rụpụtara n'ịrụ nka, yana itinye aka na obodo ya. <ref name="MacArthur">[https://search.proquest.com/docview/docview/226352391 MacArthur Fellows Grant] Abdul, Raoul. "Elma Lewis: Recipient of $54,000 'Genius' Grant." New York Amsterdam News (1962-1993): 30. Jun 20 1981. Web. 30 Oct. 2017 Subscription required.</ref> Lewis na-eme njem na gburugburu ụwa na-ekwukarị okwu na ogbako ma mee ka ọ mara ọnọdụ omenala ndị America na America yana ahụmahụ ya n'ịgba NCAAA. Na 1980, ngwa na Lewis nwere ọrịa shuga.  Ɔ gara n'ihu na-ebute ụzọ mmemme omenala na Boston niile.  Ọ bụrụ ụlọ egwuregwu Elma Lewis na Franklin Park n'oge nwaadị nke na-anya ndị nka dịka Duke Ellington na Arthur Fiedler .  Ọ gara n'ihu ọgwụ mgbochi mkpochapụ na-abụ irighiri ihe na ngwa ọgwụ na Franklin Park.  Egwuregwu Elma Lewis ka aha Elma Lewis Theatre na Franklin Park na 2003 Na September 1996, Roxbury nabatara ekele maka “Grande Dame,” nke bụ emume ụbọchị ọnwụ nke mmezu na ndụ Lewis.  Ɔka ihe omume n'Ebe gburugburu obodo ahụ wee dọta ndị otu a ma ama asị onye na-ede uri Maya Angelou na onye ọrịa UN.  Lewis nsogbu inwe siri ike nke ọrịa shuga.  Maka ụbọchị ọnwụ nke 76, ọ chị akwụkwọ, foto, ndetu egwu, na ihe na-edozi ndị ọzọ iji nye Mahadum Northeast maka ebe nchekwa ndụ. === Ọnwụ === Na Jenụwarị 1, 2004, Elma Lewis nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 82 n'ụlọ ya na Boston site na nsogbu akpa ume sitere na ọrịa shuga. mlhh2qhrkn78s3acu671292wjw9nl7f 0 46250 727899 706513 2026-09-25T10:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727899 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Julie Mehretu''' (amuru na Nọvemba 28, 1970) bu onye omenka nlere anya nke oge a nke ndi America America, mara maka ihe osise ya nwere otutu ihe osise nke odida obodo n'uzo buru ibu. Eserese ya, eserese ya na mbipụta ya na-egosipụta mmetụta nchikota nke mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo mepere emepe. Mehretu so na 100 Kasị Mma Ndị mmadụ na 2020. N'afọ sochirinụ, ''The New York Times'' kọwara ya dị ka "ihe atụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke onye na-ese ihe nwanyị ojii nke oge a bụ onye abanyelarị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ." <ref name="NYT21">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/arts/design/julie-mehretu-and-success.html|title=Julie Mehretu's Reckoning With Success|author=Pogrebin|first=Robin|date=August 8, 2023|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2023|quote=}}</ref> N'October 2023, Mehretu mebiri ndekọ okushon maka onye omenkà Africa na Sotheby's Hong Kong, ya na mpempe ya ''Untitled'' (2001), nke rere maka nde $9.32. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rabb|first=Maxwell|date=October 9, 2023|title=Ethiopian painter Julie Mehretu breaks auction record for an African artist.|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-ethiopian-painter-julie-mehretu-breaks-auction-record-african-artist|accessdate=October 16, 2023|work=Artsy|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị abụọ meberela ndepụta nke ọrụ nka 10 kachasị ọnụ ahịa nke oge a rere n'ahịa ọrịre na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Network|first=Artnet Gallery|date=2024-03-05|title=5 Quick Takeaways From the Artnet Intelligence Report|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/5-quick-takeaways-from-the-artnet-intelligence-report-2439207|accessdate=2024-03-09|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Mehretu na [[Addis Ababa|Addis Ababa, Etiopia]] na 1970, nwa mbụ nke prọfesọ kọleji Etiopia na onye nkuzi Montessori America. Nna ya bụ onye Etiopia na nne ya bụ onye Juu onye America. Ha gbapụrụ na mba ahụ na 1977 iji gbanarị ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị wee kwaga East Lansing, Michigan, maka ọnọdụ nkuzi nna ya na ọdịdị akụ na ụba na Michigan State University . <ref name="tomkins"/> <ref name="Scott-p221">{{Cite book|title=The reckoning : women artists of the new millennium|url=https://archive.org/details/reckoningwomenar0000hear|author=Scott|first=Sue|date=2013|publisher=Prestel|isbn=978-3791347592}}</ref> : 215  Onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na East Lansing High School, Mehretu nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na kọleji Kalamazoo dị na Kalamazoo, Michigan, wee mee obere afọ mba ọzọ na Mahadum Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) na Dakar, Senegal, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Rhode Island nke Kere. na Providence, Rhode Island, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Master of Fine Arts na 1997. <ref name="tomkins"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://white-cube.files.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/CVs/Julie-Mehretu/Julie-Mehretu-CV-September-2023.pdf?dm=1697102894|title=Julie Mehretu CV|work=White Cube}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka mmemme CORE na Museum of Fine Arts na Houston, ebe obibi nke nyere ụlọ ọrụ studio, nkwụ ụgwọ, na ihe ngosi na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka. <ref name="Big Art, Big Money">Calvin Tomkins (March 22, 2010), [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/03/29/big-art-big-money Big Art, Big Money] ''[[The New Yorker]]''.</ref> == Ọrụ nka == Canvases Mehretu gbakwunyere ihe sitere na eserese teknụzụ dị iche iche nke ụlọ ime obodo yana ihe atụ kwụ ọtọ nke arụmọrụ obodo, gụnyere grids obodo na eserese ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museum.cornell.edu/exhibitions/excavations-prints-julie-mehretu|title=Excavations: The Prints of Julie Mehretu}}</ref> Iberibe ndị ahụ enweghị echiche omimi ọ bụla na-agbanwe agbanwe, kama na-eji ọtụtụ echiche na nha anya iji wulite echiche ọhụrụ nke ndụ obodo. <ref name=":1">[http://whitecube.com/artists/julie_mehretu/ Julie Mehretu] [[White Cube]], London.</ref> Ihe osise ya yiri ihe osise ya, nke nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa na-akpụpụta ihe dị mgbagwoju anya, ihe oyiyi mmekọrịta ọha na eze n'ogo zuru ụwa ọnụ. Eserese ndị pere mpe bụ ohere maka nyocha emere n'oge n'etiti eserese.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Julie Mehretu|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Mehretu#cite_note-:0-7|date=2025-03-13|accessdate=2025-04-12|language=en}}</ref> Na 2002, Mehretu kwuru maka ọrụ ya:   ''Emperial Construction, Istanbul'' (2004) na-egosiputa ojiji Mehretu jiri ọkwa n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo. mkpụrụedemede [[Arabic]] na ụdị ndị na-ezo aka n'edemede Arabic gbasasịrị gburugburu kwaaji. <ref name="Scott-p221"/> Na ''Stadia I, II'', na ''III'' (2004) Mehretu na-ebuga mkpa omenala nke egwuregwu ahụ site na akara na ọkwa dị larịị. ''Stadia'' nke ọ bụla nwere nkọwapụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke ama egwuregwu, ọkọlọtọ nke ụwa, yana ntụaka maka akara ụlọ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Julie Mehretu: City Sitings|author=Hart|first=Rebecca R.|publisher=Detroit Institute of Art|year=2007|isbn=978-0-89558-161-7|location=Detroit, MI}}</ref> ''Mogamma: Ihe osise na akụkụ anọ'' (2012), mkpokọta aha maka akwa akwa anọ nke etinyere na dOCUMENTA (13), metụtara 'Al-Mogamma', aha ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị niile na Tahrir Square, Cairo nke bụ Ha abụọ dị mkpa na mgbanwe nke 2011 yana akara ngosipụta nke Egypt mgbe oge ọchịchị gachara. Okwu 'Mogamma', Otú ọ dị, pụtara 'mkpokọta' na Arabic na akụkọ ihe mere eme, e ji na-ezo aka ebe na-ekere òkè a alakụba, a synagogue na a chọọchị na bụ ebe nke multi okwukwe. <ref>[https://whitecube.com/exhibitions/exhibition/julie_mehretu_bermondsey_2013/ Julie Mehretu: Liminal Squared, 1 May – 7 July 2013] [[White Cube]], London.</ref> Ọrụ na-esote, ''The Round City, Hatshepsut'' (2013) nwere akara ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Baghdad, Iraq n'onwe ya - aha ya na-ezo aka na aha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e nyere obodo na map oge ochie. Ihe osise ọzọ, ''Insile'' (2013) wuru site na foto nke Obí Ndị kwere ekwe n'etiti ụlọ ndị nkịtị, na-eme ka elu ya rụọ ọrụ na mmegharị ink na-ese ihe, na-eme ka ọ dị nro ma na-ewepụ mkpọmkpọ ebe dị n'okpuru. N'afọ 2007, ụlọ akụ itinye ego na Goldman Sachs nyere Mehretu ọrụ nde $5 maka ụlọ ime ụlọ. Ọrụ ''Mural'' si na ya pụta dị ka ogige tenis ma nwee maapụ ego kpuchiri ekpuchi, eserese ihe owuwu ụlọ ọrụ ego, na nrụtụ aka na ọrụ ndị nka ndị ọzọ. Calvin Tomkins nke ''New Yorker'' kpọrọ ya "eserese kacha nwee oke ọchịchọ m hụtụrụla n'ime afọ iri na abụọ", <ref name="tomkins">Calvin Tomkins (March 29, 2010). "[http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/03/29/100329fa_fact_tomkins Big Art, Big Money: Julie Mehretu's 'Mural' for Goldman Sachs]". ''[[The New Yorker]]''. Retrieved August 4, 2017.</ref> na onye nkọwa ọzọ kọwara ya dị ka "otu n'ime ọrụ nka ọha kachasị na nke na-aga nke ọma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/julie-mehretu-sfmoma-howl-commission-harlem|title=Julie Mehretu Started Her Majestic New Paintings Right After the Election|author=Kazanijan|first=Dodie|date=September 4, 2017|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2023|quote=}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a maara nke ọma maka eserese ihe osise buru ibu, Mehretu anwalela mbipụta kemgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Rhode Island School of Design, bụ ebe e debanyere ya na mmemme eserese na mbipụta n'etiti 1990s. Nchọgharị ya nke ibi akwụkwọ malitere site na etching. Ọ rụchaa ọrụ nkwado na ụlọ ọrụ ibipụta ọkachamara n'ofe America, n'etiti ha Highpoint Editions na Minneapolis, Crown Point Press na San Francisco, Gemini GEL na Los Angeles, na Derrière L'Etoile Studios na Burnet Editions na New York City. Mehretu bụ onye bi na mmemme CORE, Glassell School of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (1997–98) na Mmemme Artist-in-Residence na Studio Museum na Harlem (2001). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120909194840/http://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/julie-mehretu Julie Mehretu] PBS Art in the Twenty-First Century, Season 5 (2009), Systems.</ref> N'oge obibi na Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, na 2003, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụmụ agbọghọ iri atọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị si East Africa. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2007 ọ bụ Guna S. Mundheim Visual Arts Fellow na American Academy na Berlin . Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, o duuru mmemme obibi obibi otu ọnwa yana ụmụ akwụkwọ nka 40 sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọhaneze Detroit. <ref name="nytimes.com">Hilarie M. Sheets (November 11, 2007), [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/arts/design/11shee.html Industrial Strength in the Motor City] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref> [[Usòrò:Inside_the_Studio_with_Julie_Mehretu_00.33.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Mehretu na studio ya]] N'oge obibi ya na Berlin, e nyere Mehretu ikike ịmepụta ihe osise asaa nke Deutsche Guggenheim ; akpọrọ ''Mpaghara Grey'' (2008–2009), usoro a na-enyocha odida obodo Berlin dị ka saịtị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọgbọ na mbibi. <ref name="Scott-p221"/> : 221 Ihe osise ''Vanescere'' (2007), ihe mejupụtara oji na-acha ọcha nke na-egosi ihe yiri ka ọ bụ nnukwu ink na akara acrylic, nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-awụpụ n'elu nkwado linen ahụ, kpalitere usoro nhazi nke mwepu n'ime ya. Usoro ''Grey Area'' . Akụkụ nke ''Mpekere'' (2008–09) na ''Middle Grey'' (2007–09) na-egosipụta usoro mkpochapụ a. Ọzọ n'usoro nke e sere na Berlin, ''Berliner Plätze'' (2008-09), na-ejide ọnụnọ nke ihe nkọwapụta nke ụlọ German nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke na-ese n'elu dị ka oke translucent na etiti. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Julie Mehretu: Grey Area|author=Young|first=Joan|publisher=Guggenheim Museum Publications|year=2009|isbn=978-0-89207-396-2|location=New York, NY}}</ref> Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Sue Scott nwere nke a ikwu banyere usoro ''Gray Area'' : "N'ime somber ndị a, eserese ụda ụda dị mfe, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dabeere na facade nke ọmarịcha ụlọ narị afọ nke iri na itoolu e bibiri n'Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, mmadụ na-aghọta nke ụlọ. ka ọ na-apụ n'anya, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ọ na-egosi." <ref name="Scott-p221" /> : 221 Dị ka Mehretu na-akọwa na ''Ocula'' Magazine, "Echiche dum nke ọganihu nke narị afọ nke 20 na echiche nke ọdịnihu na nke oge a emebiwo, n'ụzọ ụfọdụ. Ihe a nile bụ ihe na-eme ka m mara otú m na-agbalị iche echiche banyere ohere." <ref>{{Cite web|date=December 18, 2020|title=Julie Mehretu on the Right to Abstraction|url=https://ocula.com/magazine/conversations/julie-mehretu/|accessdate=December 18, 2020|work=Ocula|language=en}}</ref> == Ahịa nka == E rere ihe osise Mehretu ''Untitled 1'' (2001) maka nde $1.02 na Sotheby's na Septemba 2010. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/26/3022202.htm?section=justin|title=Lehman's art firesale fetches $12m|work=Just In|publisher=ABC News|date=September 26, 2010|accessdate=December 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912205459/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-09-26/lehmans-art-firesale-fetches-12m/2274674?section=justin|archive-date=September 12, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọnụ ahịa ya bụ $600-$800,000. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://artobserved.com/2010/08/ao-auction-preview-two-years-after-declaring-bankruptcy-lehman-brothers-hopes-to-sell-hundred-of-artwords-worth-millions-at-3-auctions-in-uk-us/|title=AO Auction Preview: Two years after declaring bankruptcy Lehman Brothers hopes to sell hundred of artworks worth millions at 3 auctions in UK & US|publisher=AO Art Observed™|first=J.|author=Mizrachi|date=August 20, 2010|accessdate=December 5, 2013}}</ref> Na Art Basel na 2014, White Cube rere Mehretu's ''Mumbo Jumbo'' (2008) maka $5 nde. <ref>Georgina Adam (June 20, 2014), "[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/05c22454-f6d9-11e3-8ed6-00144feabdc0.html Brisk business at the Basel fair]", ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref> Na 2023, Michael Ovitz rere Mehretu's ''Walkers With the Dawn and Morning'' (2008) maka nde $10.7, na-esetịpụ ndekọ ọhụrụ maka onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya na onye ọ bụla na-ese ihe a mụrụ n'Africa. <ref>Angelica Villa (November 15, 2023), "[https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/records-for-julie-mehretu-barkley-hendricks-sothebys-310-m-contemporary-sale-november-2023-1234686971/ Records for Julie Mehretu, Barkley Hendricks Enliven Sotheby's $310 M. Contemporary Sale]", ''[[ARTnews]]''.</ref> N'afọ 2005, ọrụ Mehretu bụ ihe ''Lehmann v. The Project Worldwide'' case n'ihu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke New York, ikpe mbụ nke onye nchịkọta wetara banyere ikike ha iji nweta ohere mbụ na nkà nke oge a. <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=The $12 Million Stuffed Shark: The Curious Economics of Contemporary Art|author=Thompson|first=Don|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=2008|isbn=9780230610224|location=United States|pages=[https://archive.org/details/12millionstuffed0000thom/page/196 196]|url=https://archive.org/details/12millionstuffed0000thom/page/196}}</ref> Okwu ahụ metụtara okwu gbasara iwu gbasara ọrụ ya na ikike nke nkwekọrịta ọjụjụ mbụ n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ya na onye nchịkọta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/1168/julie-mehretu/|title=Julie Mehretu|author=João Ribas|date=November 8, 2005|publisher=ARTINFO|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103232526/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/1168/julie-mehretu/|archivedate=November 3, 2010|accessdate=August 3, 2017}}</ref> Na nkwụghachi maka mbinye $75,000 site n'aka onye na-anakọta Jean-Pierre Lehmann na Project Gallery, nke emere na February 2001, ihe ngosi ahụ bụ inye Lehmann ikike nke mbụ ịjụ ọrụ ọ bụla nke onye na-ese ihe ngosi ahụ nọchiri anya ya, yana na pasent 30. mbelata ruo mgbe akwụghachi ego ahụ. Lehmann hụrụ mbinye ego a ka ịnweta ọrụ Mehretu ozugbo, agbanyeghị, e nwere mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ nyekwara ikike nke nhọrọ mbụ site na ndị na-ese ihe ngosi nka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/news/artnetnews2/artnetnews1-18-05.asp|title=artnet.com Magazine News|work=www.artnet.com|accessdate=April 14, 2019}}</ref> Ụlọ ngosi ahụ rere ọrụ 40 nke Mehretu n'oge nkwekọrịta ahụ, na-enye ụfọdụ maka mbelata ihe ruru pasenti 40. <ref name=":3" /> Lehmann hụrụ na e rerela ọtụtụ iberibe Mehretu dị na katalọgụ nke Walker Art Center nye onye nchịkọta Jeanne Greenberg Rohatyn, wee chee na edebeghị nkwekọrịta ahụ. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.christopher-mason.com/journalism-articles/2018/7/27/she-cant-be-bought-julie-mehretu|title=She Can't be Bought: Julie Mehretu|work=Christopher Mason|date=July 2, 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=April 14, 2019}}</ref> O mechara dee Haye na-achọ $17,500, na, mgbe enyeghị mpempe akwụkwọ Mehretu, ọ gbara akwụkwọ. <ref name=":4" /> Ikpe ahụ, nke Lehmann mechara merie, kpugheere ọha na eze kpọmkwem ihe ọnụ ahịa na ụlọ ahịa ego na-enye ndị nchịkọta dị iche iche na eserese nke Mehretu na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe n'oge a - ozi nke ụwa nka na-ezochikarị ya. <ref name=":3" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == Mehretu bi n'ụlọ nwere okpukpu abụọ na Harlem. <ref name="wmagazine.com">Jori Finkel (March 7, 2021), "[https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/julie-mehretu-interview-whitney-museum-retrospective-denniston-hill Inside Julie Mehretu's Richly Layered World]", ''[[W (magazine)|W]]''.</ref> Ọ lụrụ onye na-ese ihe Jessica Rankin na 2008, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Cade Elias (amụrụ 2005) na Haile (amụrụ 2011); <ref name="tomkins"/> nne di ya bụ onye edemede na onye na-ede uri Lily Brett . Di na nwunye ahụ kewapụrụ na 2014. <ref name="wmagazine.com" /> <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/12/t-magazine/jessica-rankin-partners-friends.html Partners, Now Friends] ''[[T (magazine)|T: The New York Times Style Magazine]]'', April 12, 2021.</ref> Mehretu na-edobe studio na Chelsea n'akụkụ ebe ngosi nka Whitney nke American Art . <ref name="wmagazine.com"/> <ref>Robin Pogrebin (March 21, 2021), "[https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/21/arts/design/julie-mehretu-and-success.html Julie Mehretu's Reckoning With Success]", ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref> Na 2004, o mebere - ya na Lawrence Chua na Paul Pfeiffer - Denniston Hill, ebe obibi nka na ogige 200-acre na Sullivan County, New York . <ref name="wmagazine.com" /> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ aka ochie na Berlin na 2007 <ref name="Big Art, Big Money"/> na St Thomas the Apostle Church nke dị na Harlem site na 2016 ruo 2017. <ref>Hilarie M. Sheets (August 3, 2017), "[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/03/arts/design/julie-mehretu-san-francisco-museum-of-modern-art.html In an Unused Harlem Church, a Towering Work of a 'Genius']", ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}  == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240228154246/https://www.carliergebauer.com/artists/julie_mehretu Weebụsaịtị nke ya gallery carlier | gebauer gụnyere CV na ọrụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130611043147/http://www.highpointprintmaking.org/editions/mehretu_julie/index.html Julie Mehretu na Highpoint Center for Printmaking, Minneapolis] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241115152507/https://walkerart.org/archive/2/af7361e991c363206165.htm Julie Mehretu na Walker Art Center, Minneapolis] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927231153/http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/passages/mehretu-conversation.html Julie Mehretu gbara ajụjụ ọnụ maka ngafe ndị Etiopia] * [http://artobserved.com/2010/08/ao-auction-preview-two-years-after-declaring-bankruptcy-lehman-brothers-hopes-to-sell-hundred-of-artwords-worth-millions-at-3-auctions-in-uk-us/ Edemede 2010 gụnyere onyonyo nke ''enweghị aha 1''] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jdizibn41pcmorfo7nzxv9o7h3clfv9 0 46454 727648 721076 2026-09-24T15:30:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Elizabeth Smart|birth_name=Elizabeth Ann Smart|image=File:COD Presents An Evening with Elizabeth Smart (53280517841) (3x4a).jpg|caption=Smart in 2023|birth_date={{birth date and age|1987|11|3}}|birth_place=[[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]], U.S.|spouse={{marriage|Matthew Gilmour|2012}}|children=3|occupation={{hlist|Activist|journalist}}|alma_mater=[[Brigham Young University]] ([[Bachelor of Music|B.M.]])|known_for=[[Child abduction|Abduction]] survivor|website={{URL|elizabethsmart.com}}}} '''Elizabeth Ann Gilmour''' (née '''Smart'''; amụrụ na ubochi ato na onwa Nọvemba, n’afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa <ref>{{Cite news|date=October 13, 2022|title=Elizabeth Smart Fast Facts|work=[[CNN]]|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/04/14/us/elizabeth-smart-fast-facts/index.html|accessdate=October 27, 2022}}</ref> bụ onye America na-ahụ maka nchekwa ụmụaka na onye na-akọwa ihe maka ABC News . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Smolowe|first=Jill|date=June 6, 2011|title=Elizabeth Smart: 'I Forgive Him'|url=https://people.com/archive/elizabeth-smart-i-forgive-him-vol-75-no-22/|accessdate=October 10, 2017|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Ọ nwetara nlebara anya mba mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ mgbe Brian David Mitchell tọọrọ ya n'ụlọ ya na Salt Lake City. Mitchell na nwunye ya, Wanda Barzee, jidere Smart ruo ọnwa itoolu ruo mgbe ndị uwe ojii napụtara ya n'okporo ámá dị na Sandy, Utah. Smart anọwo na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na onye na-akwado ndị na-efu efu. Ndụ ya na ntọrọ ya abụwo isiokwu nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri na-abụghị akụkọ ifo. A mụrụ Elizabeth Ann Smart na ubochi ato n’onwa Nọvemba, n’afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa, na Salt Lake City, [[Yútạh|Utah]], nye Edward "Ed" na Lois Smart. Ezinụlọ ya bụ akụkụ nke Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . <ref>{{Cite web|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/01/01/258687244/elizabeth-smart-shares-about-her-faith-and-kidnapping|title=Elizabeth Smart Shares About Her Faith And Kidnapping|date=December 31, 2013|accessdate=November 18, 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nke abụọ kasị okenye n'ezinụlọ ya; o nwere ụmụnne nwoke anọ na otu nwanne nwanyị. Smart gara Bryant Middle School na East High School na Salt Lake City. O mechara banye na Mahadum Brigham Young, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ nke egwu na egwu ụbọ akwara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/10/21/gone-girl-2|title=Gone Girl|author=Talbot|first=Margaret|date=October 21, 2013|work=newyorker.com|publisher=New Yorker}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://universe.byu.edu/2012/11/05/elizabeth-smart-honored-for-legacy-of-hope/|title=Elizabeth Smart honored for 'Legacy of Hope'|author=Hanson|first=Kurt|date=November 5, 2012|work=universe.byu.edu|accessdate=June 2, 2024|archivedate=October 11, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011073759/http://universe.byu.edu/2012/11/05/elizabeth-smart-honored-for-legacy-of-hope/}}</ref> == Ịtọrọ mmadụ == Na ubochi nke ise, n’onwa June n’afo puku abuo na abuo, a tọọrọ Smart dị afọ iri na anọ site na ụlọ ihi ụra ya n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ya na Salt Lake City, Utah. N'ime ọnwa itoolu sochirinụ, a na-edina ya n'ike kwa ụbọchị, kee ya agbụ, ma yie ya egwu ọnwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nwaa ịgbapụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://heraldextra.com/news/state-and-regional/article_947aa289-48f1-522f-b434-f37911dbffa1.html|title=Elizabeth Smart says she was raped daily|work=The Daily Herald|accessdate=October 7, 2009|archive-date=October 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004092620/http://www.heraldextra.com/news/state-and-regional/article_947aa289-48f1-522f-b434-f37911dbffa1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii napụtara ya na ubochi nke iri na abuo n’onwa March n’afo puku abuo na ato, n'okporo ámá ọha na eze na Sandy, Utah, iri na asato(kilomita iri abuo na itolu) site n'ụlọ ya. Ndị akaebe abụọ matara ndị ntọ Brian David Mitchell na Wanda Ileen Barzee site na ihe omume America's Most Wanted. N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ puku abuo na itolu, Barzee kwetara na ikpe mara ya maka inye aka na ntọrọ Elizabeth Smart dị ka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta arịrịọ ya na ndị ọkàiwu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Barzee expected to enter guilty plea in Smart case|url=http://heraldextra.com/news/local/article_adaad756-d2ee-11de-8808-001cc4c002e0.html|work=The Daily Herald|accessdate=November 16, 2009|archive-date=November 18, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118145617/http://heraldextra.com/news/local/article_adaad756-d2ee-11de-8808-001cc4c002e0.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N’onwa Mee, n’ubochi nke iri na itolu, n’afo puku abuo na iri, Ọkàikpe gọọmentị etiti Dale A. Kimball mara Barzee ikpe afọ iri na ise n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gọọmentị. Dị ka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta arịrịọ n'etiti ndị na-agbachitere ya na ndị ọkàiwu gọọmentị etiti, o nyere Barzee otuto maka afọ asaa ọ jere ozi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/02/08/elizabeth.smart.plea/index.html|title=Elizabeth Smart kidnapper pleads guilty to trying to abduct cousin - CNN.com|work=CNN News|language=en|accessdate=August 28, 2019}}</ref> Ụlọikpe ahụ chọpụtara na Mitchell ruru eru ikpe maka ịtọrọ mmadụ na ebubo mwakpo mmekọahụ. A mara ya ikpe maka ebubo abụọ ahụ ma maa ya ikpe na Mee n’afo puku abuo na iri na otu ka ọ nọrọ n'Ụlọ Mkpọrọ gọọmentị etiti ugboro abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elizabeth Smart Tells Kidnapper She'll Live a Good Life Moments Before He Gets a Life Sentence|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/05/25/elizabeth-smart-tells-kidnapper-shell-live-good-life-moments-gets-life-sentence/?test=latestnews|publisher=FoxNews.com|accessdate=May 26, 2011|date=May 25, 2011|archive-date=May 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529112940/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/05/25/elizabeth-smart-tells-kidnapper-shell-live-good-life-moments-gets-life-sentence/?test=latestnews|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na ubochi nke asato n’onwa Machị, n’afo puku abuo na isii, Smart kwuru okwu n'ihu United States Congress iji kwado iwu ndị na-eme ihe ike na usoro AMBER Alert. Na Julaị, n’ubochi nke iri abuo na isii, n’afo puku abuo na isii, o kwuru okwu n'ihe omume e mere mgbe a bịanyere aka na Iwu Adam Walsh. Smart bụ otu n'ime ndị okenye ise na-eto eto gbakere nke nyere aka n'akwụkwọ afo puku abuo na asato You're Not Alone, nke Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke US bipụtara. Ọ pụtara na ihe omume onwa Mee n’afo puku abuo na asato na-akwalite akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=''You're Not Alone: The Journey From Abduction to Empowerment''|url=https://www.ojjdp.gov/publications/PubAbstract.asp?pubi=244130|publisher=[[Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention]]|accessdate=September 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/05/05/smart.cnna/index.html|accessdate=May 20, 2008|title=Elizabeth Smart hopes to aid victims|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,700227525,00.html|accessdate=May 20, 2008|first=Pat|author=Reavy|date=May 20, 2008|title=Elizabeth Smart: Ready for college and moving on after kidnapping|work=[[Deseret News]]|archive-date=May 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521014443/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,700227525,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ puku abuo na itolu, Smart kwuru maka ntọrọ Jaycee Lee Dugard. O kwuru na, na ahụmịhe nke onwe ya nke ịgbake site na mmerụ ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na ibi n'oge gara aga enweghị isi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Oh|first=Eunice|date=August 28, 2009|title=Elizabeth Smart's Advice to Jaycee Dugard: Move Forward in Life|url=https://people.com/celebrity/elizabeth-smarts-advice-to-jaycee-dugard-move-forward-in-life/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217191708/https://people.com/celebrity/elizabeth-smarts-advice-to-jaycee-dugard-move-forward-in-life/|archivedate=December 17, 2021|accessdate=September 12, 2017|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=James|first=Frank|date=August 28, 2009|title=Kidnap Victim Elizabeth Smart Gives Jaycee Dugard Advice|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/08/kidnap_victim_elizabeth_smarts.html|accessdate=October 23, 2022|work=[[NPR]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ puku abuo na itolu, Smart kwuru okwu na afo puku abuo na itolu Women's Conference na California (nke Maria Shriver kwadoro) n'isiokwu nke imeri ihe mgbochi na ndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womensconference.org/elizabeth-smart|accessdate=March 14, 2010|title=The Women's Conference hosted by California's First Lady|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130416100743/http://www.womensconference.org/elizabeth-smart|archivedate=April 16, 2013}}</ref> N'afọ puku abuo na iri na otu, Smart guzobere Elizabeth Smart Foundation, nke na-ezube iweta olileanya ma kwụsị mmegbu na mmegbu nke mwakpo mmekọahụ site na mgbochi, mgbake, na nkwado. <ref name="facts">{{Cite web|date=October 31, 2017|title=Elizabeth Smart Fast Facts|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/14/us/elizabeth-smart-fast-facts/index.html|accessdate=November 18, 2017|work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elizabethsmartfoundation.org/|title=Home|work=elizabethsmartfoundation.org}}</ref> Na Machị, n’afo puku abuo na iri na otu, Smart bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị anọ nyere onyinye Diane von Furstenberg . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/hillary-clinton-elizabeth-smart-dvf-award_n_834874|title=Hillary Clinton, Elizabeth Smart Honored By Diane Von Furstenberg|accessdate=November 1, 2021|work=HuffPost|first=Hilary|author=Moss|date=March 12, 2011}}</ref> Na Julai, ubochi nke asaa, n’afo puku abuo na iri na otu, ABC News kwupụtara na ọ ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akọwa ha, na-elekwasị anya na ndị furu efu. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Dobner|first=Jennifer|title=Elizabeth Smart to work as ABC commentator|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-elizabeth-smart-to-work-as-abc-commentator-2011jul07-story.html|accessdate=September 13, 2017|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=July 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Collins|first=Lois M.|title=Elizabeth Smart to join ABC for missing-persons insight|url=https://www.deseret.com/2011/7/7/20202414/elizabeth-smart-to-join-abc-for-missing-persons-insight|accessdate=November 1, 2021|work=[[Deseret News]]|date=July 7, 2011}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ, n’afo puku abuo na iri na abuo, Theta Phi Alpha National Fraternity nyere Smart Ihe nrite Siena Medal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetaphialpha.org/about/award-recipients/siena-medalists|title=Siena Medalists {{!}} Theta Phi Alpha|work=www.thetaphialpha.org|accessdate=December 12, 2019|archivedate=June 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163402/https://www.thetaphialpha.org/about/award-recipients/siena-medalists}}</ref> Ihe nrite bụ nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke nzukọ ahụ na-enye onye na-abụghị onye otu. Ha gụrụ ya aha onye nkwado ha, St. Catherine nke Siena.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetaphialpha.org/awards|title=Awards Recipients {{!}} Theta Phi Alpha|work=www.thetaphialpha.org|accessdate=December 12, 2019|archivedate=November 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115193950/https://www.thetaphialpha.org/awards}}</ref> Na Mee ubochi nke mbu n’afo puku abuo na iri na ato, n'okwu ya na nzukọ Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Mahadum Johns Hopkins, Smart tụlere mkpa ọ dị ikwusi ike uru onwe onye n'ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ na mkpa ọ dị iwepụ akụkọ ọdịbendị na-agba gburugburu ụmụ agbọghọ enweghị uru mgbe ha na-enwe mmekọahụ. N'ịbụ onye onye jidere ya dinara n'ike, ọ chetara mmetụta na-ebibi ihe nke ikpughe na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ mmekọahụ na-ezere naanị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-akụzi na nwa agbọghọ na-enwe mmekọahụ yiri ihe a na-ata ata. "Echere m, 'ewoo, abụ m nke na-ata ụyọkọ, ọ dịghị onye na-ata otu ụyọkọ ụyọkọ ọzọ, ị tụfuru ya.' Nke ahụ bụ otú o si dị mfe iche na ị nweghịzi uru, ị nweghịzi ọnụ ahịa, "Smart kwuru. "Gịnị mere na ọ ga-eji bụrụ ihe kwesịrị iti mkpu? Gịnị mere ọ ga-eme ka ihe dị iche ma ọ bụrụ na a napụta gị? Ndụ gị ka enweghị uru. " Smart gara n'ihu na-arịọ ndị na-ege ntị ka ha kụziere ụmụaka inwe uru onwe ha, na-ezere ile onwe ha anya dị ka ndị a na-emegbu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Video: Elizabeth Smart speaks at Johns Hopkins University|date=May 7, 2013|url=http://fox13now.com/2013/05/06/video-elizabeth-smart-speaks-at-johns-hopkins-university/|accessdate=May 9, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/opinion/2013/5/7/20796372/did-elizabeth-smart-say-it-s-wrong-to-teach-abstinence|first=Jay|author=Evenson|title=Did Elizabeth Smart say it's wrong to teach abstinence?|publisher=Deseret News|date=May 7, 2013|accessdate=November 1, 2021}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ puku abuo na iri na ano, Smart gbara akaebe n'ihu ụlọ omebe iwu steeti Utah na-akwado HB nke nari abuo na iri asato na isii. Iwu ahụ ga-emepụta usoro mmụta nhọrọ maka iji n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Utah iji nye ọzụzụ maka mgbochi mmetọ ụmụaka. Na mbido afọ puku abuo na iri na ise, Faith Counts gosipụtara Smart na vidiyo ebe ọ na-akọwa etu okpukpe ya si akwado ya site na ahụhụ ya ma nyere ya aka ịgwọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Multi-faith Initiative Viewed by Millions— Faith Counts releases new video featuring Elizabeth Smart|url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/multi-faith-initiative-viewed-by-millions|accessdate=September 13, 2017|work=Newsroom|publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]|date=February 6, 2015}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Septemba afo puku abuo na iri na isii, Smart bụ onye na-ede akụkọ maka ihe ngosi mpụ nke eziokwu Crime Watch Daily . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fox13now.com/2016/09/15/elizabeth-smart-returns-for-season-two-of-crime-watch-daily-with-chris-hansen/|title=Elizabeth Smart returns for season two of 'Crime Watch Daily with Chris Hansen'|date=September 15, 2016|work=fox13now.com|language=en|accessdate=July 23, 2019}}</ref> Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị steeti dị iche iche atụwo aro iwu nke ga-achọ ka kọmputa niile nwee ihe nzacha ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, na-akpọ ya "Elizabeth Smart Law". Otú ọ dị, na Machị afo puku abuo na iri na asato, ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ya gọnahụrụ mmekọrịta ya na atụmatụ ahụ. Ọkaiwu ya zigara ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị akwụkwọ ozi ịkwụsị na ịkwụsị nke e nyere ha iwu ka ha ghara iji aha ya mee ihe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/elizabeth-smart-wants-her-name-removed-from-anti-porn-bill/2018/03/26/31a6d1a2-311b-11e8-b6bd-0084a1666987_story.html Elizabeth Smart demands porn bill backer stop using her name] - Michelle R. Smith, The Washington Post / AP, March 26, 2018</ref> Na June ubochi nke ise, n’afo puku abuo na iri na asaa na ncheta afọ iri na ise nke ntọrọ ya, Lifetime gosipụtara ihe nkiri TV akpọrọ I Am Elizabeth Smart, nke Smart kọrọ ma mepụta, nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere ntọrọ ya site n'echiche ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara Alana Boden dị ka Elizabeth Smart, Skeet Ulrich dị ka Brian David Mitchell, Deirdre Lovejoy dị ka Wanda Ileen Barzee, George Newbern dị ka Ed Smart, na Anne Openshaw dị ka Lois Smart. N'afọ puku abuo na iri na asato, Smart bipụtara ‘Where There's Hope: Healing, Moving Forward, and Never Giving Up’ na St. Martin's Press.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Smart|first=Elizabeth A.|title=Where There's Hope: Healing, Moving Forward, and Never Giving Up|url=https://archive.org/details/wherethereshopeh0000smar|date=March 27, 2018|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1250115522|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Smart|first=Elizabeth A.|date=March 27, 2018|title=Where There's Hope: Healing, Moving Forward, and Never Giving Up|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/where-theres-hope-elizabeth-a-smart/1126613159?type=eBook|accessdate=July 8, 2018|work=Barnes & Noble|language=en}}</ref> A kọrọ akụkọ banyere ntọrọ ya na nnapụta ya n'ọtụtụ ebe ma bụrụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri TV, The Elizabeth Smart Story, Lifetime's I Am Elizabeth Smart na akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ puku abuo na iri na ato, St. Martin's Press bipụtara My Story, akwụkwọ ncheta nke ahụmịhe Smart na Chris Stewart.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kaufman|first=Leslie|date=November 20, 2012|title=Elizabeth Smart Memoir of Her Captivity Is Acquired by St. Martin's|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/elizabeth-smart-memoir-of-her-captivity-is-acquired-by-st-martins/|accessdate=August 9, 2016}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọwa ma ntọrọ Smart na nguzobe nke Elizabeth Smart Foundation, nke na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite mmata banyere ntọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=The Associated Press|date=November 23, 2012|title=Congressman-elect writing Elizabeth Smart's memoir|url=https://www.deseret.com/2012/11/23/20510211/congressman-elect-writing-elizabeth-smart-s-memoir|accessdate=October 9, 2013|publisher=Deseretnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Foy|first=Paul|date=October 7, 2013|title=Elizabeth Smart details experience in Memoir|url=https://www.deseret.com/2013/10/7/20458182/elizabeth-smart-details-kidnapping-in-new-memoir|accessdate=November 1, 2021|publisher=Deseretnews.com}}</ref> Smart akpọwo ụbọ akwara na telivishọn mba na United States.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 5, 2013|title=Elizabeth Plays The Harp|work=[[NBC News]]|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/video/nbc-news/53191726/#53191726|accessdate=September 12, 2017}}</ref> Nwanne nna Smart, Tom Smart, na onye edemede Lee Benson dere akwụkwọ banyere ọchụchọ Smart, In Plain Sight: The Startling Truth Behind the Elizabeth Smart Investigation. Nna ya dere akwụkwọ ọzọ banyere ntọrọ Smart, nke akpọrọ Bringing Elizabeth Home. E mere ihe nkiri telivishọn, The Elizabeth Smart Story, n’afo puku abuo na ato, dabere na akwụkwọ nna Smart. N'afọ puku abuo na iri abuo na otu, Smart sonyere na The Masked Dancer dị ka "Moth". E wepụrụ ya n'oge nke atọ nke usoro ahụ, na-etinye nke asatọ n'ozuzu na asọmpi ahụ. N'afọ puku abuo na iri abuo na abuo, Elizabeth Smart bụ onye isi mmepụta nke ihe nkiri Lifetime Stolen by Their Father dị ka akụkụ nke ihe nkiri "Ripped From the Headlines" nke kwuru maka atụmatụ Lizbeth Meredith iji weghachite ụmụ ya nwanyị mgbe di mbụ Meredith bụ Greg debere ya na Gris n'oge ha gara ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.distractify.com/p/lizbeth-meredith-now|title=Lizbeth Meredith Now: "Stolen by Their Father" Subject Shares Story}}</ref> N'afọ puku abuo na iri abuo na ato, Smart bụ onye isi mmepụta nke ihe nkiri Lifetime The Girl Who Escaped: The Kara Robinson Story dị ka akụkụ nke "Ripped From the Headlines" nke kọwapụtara ntọrọ nke Kara Robinson n'aka Richard Evonitz.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/lifetime-elizabeth-smart-the-kara-robinson-story-1235210908/|title=Lifetime Partners Again with Elizabeth Smart on "The Kara Robinson Story"|work=Deadline|first=Lynnette|author=Rice|date=January 4, 2023|accessdate=February 11, 2023}}</ref> O mechara bụrụ onye isi mmepụta nke Abducted By My Teacher: The Elizabeth Thomas Story dị ka akụkụ nke ihe nkiri "Ripped From the Headlines" nke kọwapụtara Kidnapping of Elizabeth Thomas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.etonline.com/interview-elizabeth-thomas-reflects-on-being-abducted-by-her-teacher-getting-closure-exclusive-209634|title=Elizabeth Thomas Reflects on Being Abducted by Her Teacher, Getting Closure|work=ET Online|first=Miguel A.|author=Melendez|date=August 11, 2023|accessdate=August 12, 2023}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Na Nọvemba ubochi nke iri na otu, n’afo puku abuo na itolu, Smart hapụrụ Salt Lake City ije ozi dị ka onye ozi ala ọzọ maka Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints na Paris. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Reavy, Pat|title=Elizabeth Smart could testify before leaving for LDS mission|date=September 17, 2009|work=[[Deseret News]]|url=https://www.deseret.com/2009/9/18/20341070/elizabeth-smart-could-testify-before-leaving-for-lds-mission|accessdate=November 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=McEntee, Peg|title=For Dorotha Smart, it is time to move on|date=November 19, 2009|work=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/ci_13819040|accessdate=November 1, 2021}}</ref> Smart laghachiri nwa oge site na ọrụ ya na onwa Nọvemba n’afo puku abuo na iri iji bụrụ onye isi akaebe na ikpe gọọmentị etiti nke Brian David Mitchell. Mgbe ikpe ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri France iji mechaa ọrụ ya, na-alọta na Utah na mbido afọ puku abuo na iri na otu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pat Reavy|url=https://www.deseret.com/2011/5/19/20372592/elizabeth-smart-wants-to-use-her-trials-to-inspire-others|title=Elizabeth Smart wants to use her trials to inspire others|publisher=Deseret News|date=May 19, 2011|accessdate=November 1, 2021}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ozi ala ọzọ na Paris Mission, Smart zutere onye Scotland Matthew Gilmour. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ puku abuo na iri na abuo, mgbe ha nwesịrị otu afọ, ha kwere onwe ha nkwa ọlụlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/20/10201087-former-utah-kidnapping-victim-elizabeth-smart-gets-engaged|title=Former Utah kidnapping victim Elizabeth Smart gets engaged|date=January 20, 2012|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=January 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122223458/http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/20/10201087-former-utah-kidnapping-victim-elizabeth-smart-gets-engaged|archivedate=January 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Elizabeth Smart marries boyfriend in private, spur of the moment Hawaiian ceremony|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/02/19/elizabeth-smart-marries-boyfriend-in-private-spur-moment-hawaiian-ceremony/?intcmp=features|accessdate=February 19, 2012|publisher=NewsCore|date=February 19, 2012|archive-date=February 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222044101/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/02/19/elizabeth-smart-marries-boyfriend-in-private-spur-moment-hawaiian-ceremony/?intcmp=features|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ha lụrụ na Febụwarị ubochi nke iri na asato n’afo puku abuo na iri na abuo, n'ememe nzuzo na Laie Hawaii Temple. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2012/2/19/20498802/elizabeth-smart-marries-in-hawaiian-mormon-temple|title=Elizabeth Smart marries in Hawaiian Mormon temple|author=Lee|first=Jasen|date=February 18, 2012|work=Deseret News|accessdate=November 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=James|title=Former kidnap victim Elizabeth Smart marries in Hawaii|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-elizabethsmart-wedding-idUSTRE81I01K20120219|accessdate=February 19, 2012|work=Reuters|date=February 19, 2012}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, di na nwunye ahụ amụọla ụmụ atọ n’afo puku abuo na iri na ise, afo puku abuo na iri na asaa, na n’afo puku abuo na iri na asato. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eastidahonews.com/2015/05/ed-smarts-big-screen-mission-to-stop-child-sex-trafficking/|author=Eaton|first=Nate|title=ED SMART'S BIG SCREEN MISSION TO STOP CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING|date=May 18, 2015|accessdate=August 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.com/babies/elizabeth-smart-second-child-birth-boy/|title=Kidnap Survivor Elizabeth Smart Shares First Photo of Her New Baby Boy on Easter Sunday|date=April 16, 2017|work=people.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/2017/4/17/20610453/elizabeth-smart-shares-first-photo-of-adorable-baby-boy-on-easter|title=Elizabeth Smart shares first photo of adorable baby boy on Easter|date=April 17, 2017|work=deseretnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etonline.com/elizabeth-smart-is-pregnant-with-her-third-child-105025|author=Calvario|first=Liz|title=Elizabeth Smart is Pregnant With Her Third Child|date=June 26, 2018|accessdate=July 29, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srnnews.com/elizabeth-smart-gives-birth-to-third-child-a-baby-girl/|title=Elizabeth Smart gives birth to third child, a baby girl|date=November 19, 2018|work=SRN News}}</ref> N'afọ puku abuo na iri na itolu, mgbe ọ na-aga n'ụlọ na Utah n'Ụgbọelu Delta Airlines, Smart kwuru na onye njem nwoke nọ n'akụkụ ya kpọtere ya na-ata n'ime apata ụkwụ ya. Ọ kọrọ ihe merenụ wee malite mmemme nchebe onwe onye maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ a na-akpọ Smart Defense . <ref name="delta">{{Cite news|title=Elizabeth Smart says she was sexually assaulted on an airplane last year|author=Doha Madani|work=[[NBC News]]|date=February 7, 2020|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/elizabeth-smart-says-she-was-sexually-assaulted-airplane-last-year-n1131856/|accessdate=May 17, 2020}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Alicia Kozakiewicz == Ihe odide == === Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ === {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Smart, Elizabeth}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)]] [[Òtù:Igbo wikimedians user Group]] sy67a24jth6ybwjhcdcbg3swepmgy7n 0 47135 727786 705958 2026-09-25T02:04:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Ibtihaj_Muhammad_Wasserman_Update.jpg|thumb]] Z '''Ibtihaj Muhammad''' (amuru Disemba 4, 1985) bu onye agha saber America na onye otu ndi otu fencing United States. A maara ya maka ịbụ nwanyị Alakụba mbụ America nke yi akwa mkpuchi mgbe ọ na-asọ mpi maka United States na Olympics, <ref>{{Cite web|first=Hannah|author=Storm|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/journeys-victories/article/7323847/muslim-fencer-ibtihaj-muhammad-all-covered|title=Muslim fencer has it all covered|work=ESPN.com|date=12 August 2011|accessdate=10 March 2016}}</ref> nakwa maka mmeri Olympic (ọla kọpa) yi ya. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Ibtihaj Muhammad na 1985 wee zụlite ya na Maplewood, New Jersey, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ 25 kilomita (40).&nbsp;km) site na Manhattan, ma sitere na [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|African American]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://usfencing.org/athletes/ibtijah-muhammad|accessdate=December 25, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126172820/http://usfencing.org/athletes/ibtijah-muhammad|title=U.S. Olympic Athletes Ibtihaj Muhammad|archivedate=November 26, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/14/meet-ibtihaj-muhammad-the-history-making-olympian-who-called-out-sxsw-for-telling-her-to-remove-her-hijab/|title=Meet Ibtihaj Muhammad, the history-making Olympian who called out SXSW for telling her to remove her hijab|work=Washington Post|accessdate=2016-08-11}}</ref> A mụrụ nne na nna ya na United States ma ghọọ Islam . <ref name="heavy.com">{{Cite web|url=http://heavy.com/sports/2016/08/ibtihaj-muhammad-muslim-olympics-clothing-parents-ethnicity-fencing-religion-who-is-bio-sabre-business/|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|author=Adams|first=Jonathan|date=2016-08-05|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-08-11}}</ref> <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/10/ibtihaj-muhammad-us-fencing-muslim-rio-olympics|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad: the US fencing star out to challenge intolerance and hate|author=Carpenter|first=Les|date=2016-03-10|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-08-11}}</ref> Nna ya, Eugene Muhammad, bụ onye Newark, onye uwe ojii New Jersey lara ezumike nka, na nne ya, Denise, bụ onye nkuzi agụmakwụkwọ pụrụiche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị. <ref name="washingtonpost.com" /> <ref name="thedailybeast.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/09/u-s-olympian-ibtihaj-muhammad-s-dad-women-should-never-argue-with-men.html|title=U.S. Olympian Ibtihaj Muhammad's Dad: Women Should Never Argue With Men|author=Hines|first=Nico|date=2016-08-09|work=The Daily Beast|accessdate=2016-08-11}}</ref> <ref name="timeforkids.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeforkids.com/news/new-face-team-usa/417261|title=A New Face for Team USA {{!}} TIME For Kids|work=www.timeforkids.com|accessdate=2016-08-11|archivedate=August 2, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802173637/http://www.timeforkids.com/news/new-face-team-usa/417261}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nke atọ nwere ụmụnne ise. <ref name="WSJ">{{Cite news|first=Aimee|author=Berg|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304569504576404011992467534|title=Fencer With Headscarf Is a Cut Above the Rest|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=24 June 2011|accessdate=10 March 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ fencing == N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Columbia, ọ sonyeere ndị otu fencing ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 13. <ref name="WSJ"/> <ref name="blog.nj.com">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.nj.com/njv_barry_carter/2011/10/carter_maplewood_woman_could_b.html|title=Carter: Maplewood woman could be first American Muslim to wear hijab while competing at Olympics|accessdate=2016-08-11|date=October 7, 2011}}</ref> Onye nkuzi ya mbụ Frank Mustilli nwere ngwa ọgụ ya gbanwere, site na épée ruo sabre. <ref name="blog.nj.com" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://patch.com/new-jersey/maplewood/maplewood-fencing-sisters-among-nations-elite|title=Maplewood Fencing Sisters Among Nation's Elite|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-08-11|date=September 7, 2009}}</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ 2002, Ibtihaj sonyeere Peter Westbrook Foundation a ma ama, mmemme nke na-eji egwuregwu fencing dị ka ụgbọ iji zụlite nkà ndụ na ndị na-eto eto si n'obodo ndị na-enweghị nchebe. Akpọrọ ya ka ọ zụọ ọzụzụ n'okpuru mmemme Elite Athlete nke Westbrook Foundation na [[New York City]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/rio-olympics-ibtihaj-muhammad-team-usa-fencing-fun-facts-1.12070248|title=Who is Ibtihaj Muhammad?|accessdate=2016-08-11|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822033011/http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/rio-olympics-ibtihaj-muhammad-team-usa-fencing-fun-facts-1.12070248|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Ibtihaj_Muhammad_2014-15_Orleans_WC_teams_t130543.jpg|thumb| Muhammad na 2014]] Ibtihaj gara Mahadum Duke na scholarships. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/07/ibtihaj-muhammad-muslim-us-olympian|title=A Muslim fencer broke stereotypes, but now she wants Olympic gold|date=2016-07-29|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-08-11}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye America oge niile na 2005 Junior Olympic Champion. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ibtihaj Muhammad|url=http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&ATCLID=152174|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad Bio - Duke University Blue Devils &#124; Official Athletics Site|work=GoDuke.com|date=4 December 1985|accessdate=10 March 2016|archivedate=13 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913122656/http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&ATCLID=152174}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|first=Porochista|author=Khakpour|title=Rio Olympics: Ibtihaj Muhammad Is America's Olympic Game Changer|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/sports/ibtihaj-muhammad-first-american-olympian-in-hijab-w432942|publisher=Rolling Stone|accessdate=8 August 2016|date=August 8, 2016|archivedate=December 7, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207193626/http://www.rollingstone.com/sports/ibtihaj-muhammad-first-american-olympian-in-hijab-w432942}}</ref> Ibtihaj gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Duke na 2007 na International Relations na African American Studies ugboro abụọ. <ref name="theguardian.com"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fencingmastersnyc.com/athletes.html|accessdate=25 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230074029/http://www.fencingmastersnyc.com/athletes.html|title=U.S. Olympic Athletes sabre Ibtihaj Muhammad|archivedate=December 30, 2011}}</ref> === 2016 Summer Olympics === Cécilia Berder nke France meriri Ibtihaj n'agba nke abụọ n'ime asọmpi Individual Saber nke ụmụ nwanyị na [[Rio de Janeiro]] 2016 Summer Olympics mana ọ ka ji ihe nrite ọla n'ìgwè hapụ Rio. <ref name="thedailybeast.com"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Editor|first=Amber Ferguson Associate Politics Video|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad Didn't Win A Medal, Still Scored An Olympic Victory|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ibtihaj-muhammad-no-medal-us-olympics_us_57a8a48ce4b021fd98794e5d|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=10 August 2016|date=8 August 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=The Nike pro hijab goes global|date=2 Dec 2017|work=Middle East North Africa Financial Network}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị ọnwụ ahụ, ọ dọtara mmasị mgbasa ozi dị ịrịba ama. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Muhammad out - but media won't let hijab-wearing American go quietly|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/rio-2016-only-when-silence-falls-will-we-have-reached-that-blessed-acceptance-hijab-wearing-ibtihaj-a7179321.html|work=independent.co.uk|publisher=Independent|accessdate=10 August 2016|date=8 August 2016}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka ịbụ nwanyị mbụ yi ''hijab'' mgbe ọ na-asọ mpi United States na asọmpi Olympic. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/journeys-victories/article/7323847/muslim-fencer-ibtihaj-muhammad-all-covered|title=Muslim fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad has it all covered|accessdate=August 20, 2016|date=December 8, 2011}}</ref> Ibtihaj ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ onye Alakụba na America nwetara ihe nrite na asọmpi Olympic. O nwetara nrite ọla n'ime Team Sabre, site na <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">45–30</span>]]''</sup> na egwuregwu nrite. Nke a bịara mgbe ha merisịrị Poland 45–43, ma merie Russia 42–45. === Dị ka akara nke America dị iche iche na ndidi === Egwuregwu Olimpik Summer 2016 mere n'oge mgbasa ozi onye isi ala US bụ nke a na-atụle ajụjụ gbasara nnabata ndị Alakụba, gụnyere gbasara ndị Alakụba mụrụ US. Ibtihaj dị ka onye Alakụba na-ahụ anya (n'ihi hijab ya) ghọrọ "otu n'ime akara kachasị mma megide enweghị ndidi America nwere ike inwe", dị ka ''The Guardian'' <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">si</span>]]'' &#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/aug/08/ibtihaj-muhammad-fencing-rio-2016-olympics|first=Les|author=Carpenter|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad stoic in defeat: 'I feel proud to represent Team USA'|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2016-08-08}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, Ibtihaj wetara nkatọ ụfọdụ n'oge asọmpi Olympic site n'ịkọwa United States dị ka ebe dị ize ndụ nye ndị Alakụba, na-ekwu na ọ "enweghị nchebe" dịka onye Alakụba bi na America. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/04/ibtihaj-muhammad-hijab-wearing-olympic-star-i-m-not-safe-in-the-u-s.html|title=Interview with Ibtihaj Muhammad|work=The Daily Beast|date=2016-08-08}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị ọzọ == Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ chọpụtara na ụmụ bebi ya niile yiri ya ka ọ malitere iyi hijab mgbe ọ dị obere. Mgbe ahụ, a kpaliri ya igbubi iberibe akwa na akwa iji mee obere hijabs wee kechie ha na nwa bebi ya. N'afọ 2014, Ibtihaj na ụmụnne ya hiwere ụlọ ọrụ uwe ha, Louella, nke na-achọ iweta uwe ejiji na-adịghị mma na ahịa United States. <ref name="heavy.com"/> Ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya egwuregwu, na-eje ozi na Ngalaba Ọchịchị nke United States Inempowering Women and Girls through Sport Initiative. Ọ gara mba dị iche iche ka ọ kparịta ụka gbasara mkpa egwuregwu na agụmakwụkwọ dị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EV_hpWxov8U|accessdate=August 5, 2016|title=E:60 Ibtihaj Muhammad - E:60: Ibtihaj Muhammad's American Olympic dream - ESPN Video|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Na 2017, dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi International Women's Day, Mattel webatara ahịrị nke nwanyị nlereanya Barbies, gụnyere otu na Hijab ; na ngere nwa bebi mbụ nke Barbie, nke e mere mgbe Ibtihaj gasịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/13/first-us-hijab-wearing-barbie-honour-fencer-ibtihaj-muhammad/|accessdate=August 5, 2016|title=First US hijab-wearing Barbie to honour fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad}}</ref> Site n'ichepụta hijabi Barbie, o mere ka nkwenye ya sie ike na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke kwesịrị ịhụ onwe ha site na ihe egwuregwu ndị a ma na-atụle nsonye na ụdị dị iche iche. === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === Odela akwụkwọ atọ gbasara ndụ ya na-etolite na New Jersey na ahụmịhe Olympic ya: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/ibtihaj-muhammads-memoir-proud-is-a-powerful-story-about-her-rise-as-a-black-muslim-olympian-10251635|title=Fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad Wrote A Powerful Memoir About Her Experiences As A Black Muslim Olympian|author=Courtney|first=Sara|work=Bustle|date=August 29, 2018|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-06}}</ref> * Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2018) ''mpako: Ọgụ m maka nrọ America na-atụghị anya ya'' . <ref name="worldcat.org">{{Cite book|title=Proud : living my American dream|url=https://archive.org/details/proudlivingmyame0000muha|author=Muhammad, Ibtihaj|isbn=9780316477000|edition=Young readers|location=New York|oclc=1039423626|date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> New York: Akwụkwọ Hachette . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780316518963|9780316518963]] * Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2018) (Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto) ''Nganga: Ibi ndụ nrọ America m'' . <ref name="worldcat.org" /> New York: Obere, Brown na Ụlọ ọrụ . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780316477000|9780316477000]] * Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2018) ''Blue The Proudest Blue: Akụkọ nke Hijab na Ezinụlọ'' . <ref name="worldcat.org" /> New York: Obere, Brown na Ụlọ ọrụ . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780316519007|9780316519007]] == Hụkwa == * Ụmụ nwanyị Muslim na egwuregwu * Ndepụta nke USFA Division I National Champions == Ntụaka == otu na Hijab ; na ngere nwa bebi mbụ nke Barbie, nke e mere mgbe Ibtihaj gasịrị. Site n'ichepụtagbasara nnabata ndị Alakụba, gụnyere gbasara ndị Alakụba mụrụ US. Ibtihaj dị ka onye Alakụba na-ahụ anya (n'ihi hijab ya) ghọrọ "otu n'ime akara kachasị mma megide enweghị ndidi America nwere ike inwe", dị ka The Guardian si [ ] Agbanyeghị, Ibtihaj wetara nkatọ ụfọdụ n'oge asọmpi Olympic site n'ịkọwa United States dị ka ebe dị ize ndụ nye ndị Alakụba, na-ekwu na ọ{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|Ibtihaj Muhammad}} * Ibtihaj Muhammad at the International Fencing Federation * Ibtihaj Muhammad at USA Fencing at the Wayback Machine (archived December 6, 2016) * Ibtihaj Muhammad at Olympics.com * Ibtihaj Muhammad at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bb4re3indqdbqhbu52kyrcpcste7ulp 0 47373 727721 721319 2026-09-24T20:22:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727721 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Frank Ocean''' <ref name="FaderNameChange">{{Cite web|author=Fitzmaurice|first=Larry|title=Frank Ocean Legally Changed His Name to Frank Ocean|url=http://www.thefader.com/2015/04/23/frank-ocean-legally-changed-his-name-to-frank-ocean|work=The Fader|accessdate=April 23, 2015}}</ref> (amuru '''Christopher Edwin Breaux''' ; Ọktoba 28, 1987) bụ onye America na-agụ abụ, onye na-agụ abụ na onye na-agụ egwú. Ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ egwu kwadoro ọrụ mbụ ya maka ịsụ ụzọ ụdị R&amp;amp;B ọzọ . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Frank Ocean is a musical icon|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/frank-ocean-albums|work=British GQ|date=April 24, 2017|language=en-GB|accessdate=May 25, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=European Journal of Cultural Studies|volume=18|issue=3|date=May 2014|author=Dhaenens|first=Frederik|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273597609|title=Resistant masculinities in alternative R&B? Understanding Frank Ocean and The Weeknd's representations of gender|accessdate=August 12, 2020}}</ref> Ocean emeriela Grammy Awards abụọ na onyinye Brit maka International Male Solo Artist n'etiti ihe nturu ugo ndị ọzọ, na edepụtala album studio ya abụọ na ''Rolling Stone'' ' 500 Kasị Mma Albums of All Time ' (2020). Ocean malitere ọrụ egwu ya dị ka onye na-ede ghost, tupu ịbanye na mkpokọta [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] Odd Future na 2010. N'afọ sochirinụ, o wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya, ''Nostalgia, Ultra'', wee nweta nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Def Jam Recordings . Ndekọ [[Album|studio]] izizi ya, eclectic ''Channel Orange'' (2012), webatara R&amp;amp;B na ụdị mkpụrụ obi . Na 2013 Grammy Awards, ''Channel Orange'' a họpụtara maka Album nke Afọ wee merie Best Urban Contemporary Album ; otu n'ime egwu ya, " Thinkin Bout You ", bụ onye a họpụtara maka ndekọ nke afọ . ''Time'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa na 2013. Mgbe afọ anọ kwụsịtụrụ, Ocean weputara ọba ọhụụ akpọrọ ''Endless'' na 2016 iji mezuo ọrụ nkwekọrịta na Def Jam. Ocean onwe wepụtara ya nke abụọ studio album, ''Blonde'', otu ụbọchị mgbe ''ọgwụgwụ'' ' s tọhapụrụ. ''Blonde'' gbasaa na usoro egwu egwu nke Ocean wee bụrụ nke mbụ na ndepụta ''Pitchfork'' ' ọba kachasị mma nke afọ 2010s. Ọ bụ ọba ọnụọgụ mbụ ya na US <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 wee nweta platinum site n'aka Associationlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndekọ nke America (RIAA). Site na 2017 gaa n'ihu, Ocean ewepụtala ndị na-alụbeghị di na nwunye, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto maka akwụkwọ akụkọ, malite ụdị ejiji Homer, ma malite ''Homer Radio'' . Ocean ewepụtala egwu 14 na <nowiki><i id="mwRw">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 n'ime oge ọrụ ya. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Ocean Christopher Edwin Breaux na Ọktoba 28, 1987, <ref name="MakesMoves">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/frank-ocean-cover-story-interview|title=Frank Ocean Makes Moves Like Nobody Else|author=Solway|first=Diane|date=September 30, 2019|work=[[W (magazine)|W]]|accessdate=March 16, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 19, 2020|title=Frank Ocean|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/frank-ocean/15669|accessdate=November 9, 2020|work=GRAMMY.com|language=en|archive-date=December 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203131915/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/frank-ocean/15669|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Long Beach, [[California]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/frank-ocean-interview-gq-december-2012|title=Frank Ocean: On Channel Orange, Meeting Odd Future, and His Tumblr Letter|author=Wallace|first=Amy|date=November 20, 2012|work=[[GQ]]|accessdate=November 11, 2019}}</ref> Nna ya bụ Calvin Edward Cooksey <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Uko|first=Precious|date=2022-09-12|title=All about Frank Ocean's marriage, wife, boyfriends, kids|url=https://dnbstories.com/2022/09/about-frank-ocean-marriage-wife-boyfriends-kids.html|accessdate=2023-03-09|work=DNB Stories Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> ma bụrụ onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, <ref name=":3" /> na nne ya bụ Katonya Breaux Riley <ref name=":1" /> onye mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkwekọrịta obibi. <ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ nne ya zụrụ ya mgbe nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ dị afọ isii. <ref name=":3" /> O nwekwara nwanne nwoke nke tọrọ aha ya bụ Ryan Breaux onye nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala na 2020. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=August 2, 2020|title=Frank Ocean's Younger Brother Ryan Breaux Reportedly Killed In Crash Alongside Classmate Ezekial Bishop|url=https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/08/02/frank-ocean-brother-ryan-breaux-zeek-bishop-crash/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240125185723/https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/frank-ocean-brother-ryan-breaux-zeek-bishop-crash/|archivedate=January 25, 2024|accessdate=August 3, 2020|work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ ise, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara n'ógbè New Orleans . <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOVrXdCWIuU|title=Frank Ocean: BBC News Interview – BBC Sound of 2012|publisher=BBC|date=January 11, 2012|accessdate=July 18, 2012}}</ref> A zụlitere ya [[Onye Kraịst]], gụnyere obere oge dịka onye Katọlik . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ocean|first=Frank|title=post|url=https://frankocean.tumblr.com/post/1172106468/i-was-raised-christian-only-had-a-few-friends|accessdate=2023-01-04|work=Frank Ocean}}</ref> Nna nna Ocean Lionel McGruder Jr. bụ nna maka Ocean mgbe nna ya hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya. Lionel bụ onye ọgwụ riri ahụ na-agbake ma mesịa jee ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na nzukọ Alcoholics Anonymous na Narcotics Anonymous . Ọ ga-ewere Ocean gaa nzukọ ndị a, nke bụ mkpali n'azụ egwu Ocean "Crack Rock" sitere na ''Channel Orange.'' <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|author=Nicholson|first=Rebecca|title=Frank Ocean: the most talked-about man in music|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jul/21/frank-ocean-guardian-exclusive-interview|accessdate=August 19, 2012|work=The Guardian|date=July 20, 2012}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/> Ọ nyekwara ya aha Lonny, nke Frank Ocean ka na-eji taa. <ref name="NYT2013">{{Cite web|date=February 7, 2013|title=Frank Ocean Can Fly|author=Himmelman|first=Jeff|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/magazine/frank-ocean-can-fly.html|accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na 2010 na Frank Ocean raara ya egwu a kpọrọ "The Will Be Tears" na mixtape ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-28|title=Frank Before the Ocean: The Story of Lonny Breaux|url=https://centralsauce.com/lonny-breaux-frank-ocean|accessdate=2023-03-09|work=CentralSauce Collective|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309071147/https://centralsauce.com/lonny-breaux-frank-ocean}}</ref> Ọ kpọkwara ya aha na 2017 otu "Lens" ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na John Ehret High School na Marrero, Louisiana na 2005, Ocean debanyere aha na Mahadum New Orleans ka ọ mụọ Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://1079ishot.com/frank-ocean-university-louisiana-lafayette/|title=Frank Ocean Attended UL Lafayette In The Fall of 2005, But Somehow No One Really Noticed|publisher=Townsquare Media|date=June 27, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="NYT2013"/> Otú ọ dị, Hurricane Katrina gburu New Orleans na August 2005, na-ebibi ụlọ ya na ebe ndekọ nke onwe ya ma na-amanye ya ịkwaga na Mahadum Louisiana na Lafayette . <ref name="Youngs">{{Cite news|author=Youngs|first=Ian|title=Sound of 2012: Frank Ocean|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16390456|publisher=BBC. [[BBC Online]]|accessdate=July 6, 2012|date=May 1, 2012}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ obere oge tupu ọ hapụ ilekwasị anya n'ọrụ egwu ya. <ref name="NYT2013" /> == Ọrụ == === 2012–2013: ''Ọwa Orange'' === [[Usòrò:Tyler_the_Creator_and_Frank_Ocean_Coachella_2012.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ocean (n'aka nri) ya na Tyler, Onye Okike na Coachella n'April 2012]] Ocean wepụtara mkpuchi mkpuchi maka ihe nkiri album studio mbụ ya nke akpọrọ "Thinkin Bout You", na-ekpughere egwu a ga-ahapụ ndị na-ere ahịa dijitalụ na Eprel 10, 2012. Otú ọ dị, otu ọnwa tupu mgbe ahụ, ụdị abụ ahụ a na-emezigharị amalitelarị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cloudmusiq.com/?p=14148|title=Frank Ocean – Thinking About You|publisher=cloudmusiq.com|date=March 8, 2012|accessdate=March 8, 2012}}</ref> Banyere onye a na-achọ ịlụ, o kwuru, sị: "Ọ na-akọwa n'ụzọ dị nkenke dị ka onye na-ese ihe maka ebe m nọ ugbu a na nke ahụ bụ ebumnuche," ka o kwuru banyere nsonazụ ya nke ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' . "Ọ bụ banyere akụkọ ndị ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na m dee akụkọ 14 na-amasị m, mgbe ahụ, nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ iji nweta gburugburu ebe egwu gburugburu ya iji kpuchie akụkọ ahụ na ụdị nile nke ịdị mma sonic." <ref name="singlecover">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/04/05/single-cover-frank-ocean-thinkin-bout-you/ |title=SINGLE COVER: FRANK OCEAN – 'THINKIN BOUT YOU' |magazine=[[Rap-Up]] |date=April 5, 2012 |access-date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215041419/http://www.rap-up.com/2012/04/05/single-cover-frank-ocean-thinkin-bout-you/ |url-status=live }}</ref>   Na 2012, Ocean wepụtara ya mpụta mbụ studio album ''Channel Orange'' ka eluigwe na ala otuto si n'aka ndị nkatọ, bụ ndị mesịrị kpọọ ya kasị mma album nke afọ na HMV's Poll of Polls . O nwetakwara nhọpụta onyinye onyinye Grammy isii nke Ocean isii ma ụfọdụ ndị ode akwụkwọ kwadoro ya maka ịkwaga ụdị R&B n'ụzọ dị iche, nke siri ike karị. A na-ewere ya dị ka ntọhapụ azụmahịa mbụ nke Ocean na akara ndekọ ọdịnala, ''Channel Orange'' gosipụtara egwu ndị na-adịghị mma bụ ndị e depụtara maka akụkọ ha na nkọwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ha, na ngwakọta egwu dị egwu nke dọtara na jazz, mkpụrụ obi, na R &amp;amp; B . Funk na egwu eletrọnịkị metụtakwara ọba ya. Egwu banyere ịhụnanya a na-akwụghị ụgwọ bụ nke kacha elebara anya, akụkụ n'ihi ọkwa nke Ocean tupu ewepụtara album ahụ, mgbe o kpughere na ịhụnanya mbụ ya bụ nwoke. Nkwuputa ahụ mere akụkọ akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ jiri mmetụta omenala ya tụnyere mgbe David Bowie kpughere na ọ bụ nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ na 1972. <ref name="Johnson">{{Cite news|author=Johnson|first=Andrew|date=December 17, 2012|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/frank-ocean-records-another-first-as-channel-orange-is-named-album-of-the-year-8421123.html|title=Frank Ocean records another first as Channel Orange is named album of the year|work=The Independent|accessdate=December 17, 2012}}</ref> == Mmetụta == Ndị nkatọ egwu ekwupụtala Ocean maka ịsụ ụzọ R&amp;amp;B ọzọ, na-abịaru egwu R&B dị iche na ndị ọgbọ ya na ụdị idiosyncratic. <ref name="Petridis">{{Cite news|author=Petridis|first=Alexis|authorlink=Alexis Petridis|date=July 11, 2012|title=Frank Ocean: Channel Orange – review|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jul/11/frank-ocean-channel-orange-review1?newsfeed=true|accessdate=July 11, 2012}}</ref> Ma <nowiki><i id="mwAtg">Insider</i></nowiki> na ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Wall Street'' lere Ocean anya dị ka onye na-ese ihe kachasị n'ime afọ iri nke 2010. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Shah|first=Neil|date=August 5, 2019|title=How Frank Ocean Quietly Ruled the Decade|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-frank-ocean-quietly-ruled-the-decade-11565011819|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean is the artist of the decade|url=https://www.insider.com/frank-ocean-artist-of-the-decade-2010s-2019-11|author=Ahlgrim|first=Callie|work=Insider|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> E tinyere ya na mbipụta 2013 ' ''Time'' nke 100 ndị mmadụ kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa na mbipụta 2017 nke <nowiki><i id="mwAuY">Forbes</i></nowiki> 30 Under 30 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/frank-ocean/|author=Barton|first=ByMerrilee|work=Forbes|language=en|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> Andy Kellman nke AllMusic dere,<blockquote>Frank Ocean abụrụla otu n'ime ndị na-adọrọ mmasị na egwu nke oge a kemgbe ọ bịarutere mmalite 2010. Onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ nke mmepụta nka emegidela nhazi ọkwa siri ike dị ka R&B, ka o sina dị, o jiwo akụkọ ndị yiri ka ewepụrụ iwe ma nwee nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọ tụgharịrị n'etiti agụụ ịhụnanya na ịdị mfe ịnya isi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean {{!}} Biography & History|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/frank-ocean-mn0002592086/biography|work=AllMusic|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-05-20}}</ref></blockquote>Onye nkatọ omenala Nelson George na-ekwusi ike na, yana Miguel, Ocean nwere "agbapụtala n'ala ebe [ọ na-adịghị] na-asọmpi na omume ndị [azụmahịa R & B] na-akpata" ma "na-azụlite ụda nke na-edozi nchegbu ndị okenye na echiche nke nwata. ndị mmadụ na-agbalị ịghọta ọchịchọ nke onwe ha (nkọwa nke ọma nke Ocean, karịsịa)." <ref>{{Cite news|title=For The Ladies: R. Kelly, Teddy Pendergrass And The State Of R And B|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2012/10/17/163095398/for-the-ladies-r-kelly-teddy-pendergrass-and-the-state-of-r-b|date=October 18, 2012|work=NPR|accessdate=October 24, 2012|author=Powers|first=Ann}}</ref> N'ịde maka ''Insider'', Callie Ahlgrim kwuru na Ocean "gbanwere nghọta anyị banyere egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ", nakwa na ọ na-atụle isiokwu ndị dị ka ntorobịa, ịdị ọcha, ịhụnanya furu efu, owu ọmụma, ọchịchọ, na ịnwụ anwụ n'egwú ya n'ụzọ na-eche " Ọ dị ọhụrụ na nke pụrụ iche [na] na-eme ka ụda introspective ụda zuru ụwa ọnụ na gafere [nke mere] ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na-akọwa oge anyị." <ref name=":0"/> Jacob Shamsian nke ''Business Insider'' kwuru na Ocean "abụghị naanị otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe dị mkpa na pop, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na egwu niile." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Frank Ocean, the enigmatic musician whose new album is about to be everywhere|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bio-of-musician-frank-ocean-rapper-of-boys-dont-cry-2016-8|author=Shamsian|first=Jacob|work=Business Insider|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> N'ime edemede ''GQ'' akpọrọ "Gịnị kpatara Frank Ocean ji bụrụ akara ngosi egwu", Jon Savage kọwara Ocean dị ka "onye na-ese ihe n'oge a n'echiche ọ bụla nke na-emikpu n'ime ohere ọhụrụ sonic, onye na-agbasi mbọ ike na nyocha nka kacha mma. nghọta miri emi." Savage toro Ocean maka iwere R&B na "ọkwa ọhụrụ [site na] ịrụ foto ụda na-atụ egwu dabara na egwu egwu ya." <ref name="Why Frank Ocean is a musical icon">{{Cite web|title=Why Frank Ocean is a musical icon|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/frank-ocean-albums|work=British GQ|date=April 24, 2017|language=en-GB|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mwAwA">Pitchfork</i></nowiki> lere Oke Osimiri anya dị ka "onye nwe akwụkwọ nkwupụta nkwupụta, na-enweta akara ngosi nzuzo site na onye enigmatic ya na ụzọ aghụghọ nke pop." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean – Albums, Songs, and News|url=https://pitchfork.com/artists/29508-frank-ocean/|work=Pitchfork|language=en|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> Na 2023, ''Rolling Stone'' họọrọ Ocean na ọnụọgụ 190 na ndepụta ya nke 200 Kasịnụ Ndị Na-abụ abụ nke oge niile. == Foto == Na August 20, 2016, Ocean wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ 360-page, ''Boys Don't Cry'', n'akụkụ ya nke abụọ album ''Blonde'' . The ejiji na ụgbọala-themed mbipụta nwere foto ọrụ si Wolfgang Tillmans, Viviane Sassen, Tyrone Lebon, Ren Hang, Harley Weir, Michael Mayren na Ocean n'onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/08/23/frank-ocean-boys-dont-cry-magazine-complete-guide|title=The Complete Guide To What's Inside Frank Ocean's Magazine|work=The FADER|date=July 24, 2016}}</ref> Ọnwa anọ ka e mesịrị, magazin Britain bụ́ ''Print'' bipụtara ọrụ ọzọ foto sitere na Frank Ocean. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hypebeast.com/2017/1/print-issue-one|title=Frank Ocean's Photos of the Met Gala|date=January 3, 2017|work=Hypebeast}}</ref> Na Mee 1, 2017, Ocean gara Met Gala kwa afọ dị ka onye na-ese foto pụrụ iche maka <nowiki><i id="mwAxg">Vogue</i></nowiki> . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/frank-ocean-met-gala-2017-photos-kendall-jenner-asap-rocky|title=Frank Ocean's Photos of the Met Gala|date=May 2, 2017|work=Vogue}}</ref> Na October 23, 2017, o mere mkpuchi abụọ na edemede anya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ejiji Britain, ''iD'' . <ref name="idm">{{Cite news|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/mb3jqv/exclusive-it-came-to-me-in-a-dream-frank-ocean-creates-a-visual-essay-and-pens-personal-letter|title=frank ocean creates a visual essay and pens personal letter|date=October 23, 2017|work=i-D|archive-date=April 14, 2021|access-date=June 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414140426/https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/mb3jqv/exclusive-it-came-to-me-in-a-dream-frank-ocean-creates-a-visual-essay-and-pens-personal-letter|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == === Ezinụlọ === Nwanne nwoke Ocean, Ryan Breaux, nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala n'August 2, 2020, mgbe ọ dị afọ 18. <ref name=":2"/> === Usoro mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị === Ocean dere akwụkwọ ozi na-emeghe, nke mbụ zubere maka ndetu liner na ''Channel Orange'', nke na-ebu ụzọ kwuo okwu banyere mmasị ya n'oge gara aga na nwoke ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Frank Ocean Interview: Happy To Wake Up Without 'This Freakin' Boulder On My Chest'|url=http://instinctmagazine.com/blogs/blog/frank-ocean-interview-happy-to-wake-up-without-this-freakin-boulder-on-my-chest?directory=100011|accessdate=August 19, 2012|work=Instinct Magazine|date=July 21, 2012}}</ref> Kama, na Julaị 4, 2012, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na blọọgụ Tumblr <ref name="tumblr" /> <ref name=":4"/> na-akọpụta mmetụta na-enweghị isi o nwere maka nwa okorobịa ọzọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, na-ezo aka na ya dị ka ezi ịhụnanya mbụ ya. <ref name="tumblr">{{Cite web|url=http://frankocean.tumblr.com/post/26473798723|title=thank you's|author=Frank Ocean|publisher=Tumblr|date=July 4, 2012}}</ref> O ji blọọgụ ahụ kelee nwoke ahụ maka mmetụta ya, ma keleekwa nne ya na ndị enyi ya, sị, "Amaghị m ihe na-eme ugbu a, nke ahụ dịkwa mma. Enweghị m ihe nzuzo ọ bụla m chọrọ ka edobe ya ọzọ.. Ọ dị m ka onye nweere onwe ya." <ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/482116/frank-ocean-opens-up-about-sexuality "Frank Ocean Opens Up About Sexuality"] ''Billboard Magazine''. </ref> Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ememme kwupụtara n'ihu ọha nkwado ha maka Ocean na-esote ọkwa ya, gụnyere [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] na Jay-Z . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sepinwall|first=Alan|url=http://www.hitfix.com/immaculate-noise/beyonce-jay-z-support-frank-ocean-in-open-letters-singer-drops-sweet-life|title=Beyonce, Jay-Z support Frank Ocean in open letters; singer drops Sweet Life|publisher=Hitfix.com|date=July 9, 2012|accessdate=July 14, 2014|archivedate=October 21, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021101258/http://www.hitfix.com/immaculate-noise/beyonce-jay-z-support-frank-ocean-in-open-letters-singer-drops-sweet-life}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Beyonce Applauds Frank Ocean for Coming Out|author=Carter Maness|url=http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/09/frank-ocean-sexaulity-speaking-out-beyonce-applauds/|publisher=MTV|date=July 9, 2012|accessdate=July 10, 2012|archivedate=July 12, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712003239/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/09/frank-ocean-sexaulity-speaking-out-beyonce-applauds}}</ref> Ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ hip hop na-anabata nke ọma na ọkwa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/07/frank-ocean-sexuality-effect-hip-hop-community/ |title=Frank Ocean's Sexual Declaration: Will It Spark Change In Hip-Hop Community? |accessdate=2024-06-08 |archivedate=2012-07-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712070426/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/07/frank-ocean-sexuality-effect-hip-hop-community/ }}</ref> Tyler, Onye Okike na ndị otu OFWGKTA ndị ọzọ tweeted nkwado ha maka Ocean. <ref name="NYDaily">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/b-singer-frank-ocean-odd-future-summer-romance-man-changed-life-article-1.1107779|title=R&B Singer Frank Ocean Comes Out|author=Chen|first=Joyce|work=NY Daily News|accessdate=July 13, 2012}}</ref> Russell Simmons dere akụkọ ekele na ''Global Grind'' nke o kwuru, "Taa bụ nnukwu ụbọchị maka hip-hop. Ọ bụ ụbọchị ga-akọwapụta onye anyị bụ n'ezie. Olee otú anyị ga-esi nwee ọmịiko? Olee otú ịhụnanya nwere ike isi na-enwe? anyị gụnyere anyị? <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globalgrind.com/entertainment/russell-simmons-letter-to-frank-ocean-gay-bi-sexual-comes-out-photos|title=The Courage of Frank Ocean Just Changed The Game!|author=Russell Simmons|date=July 4, 2012|work=Global Grind|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701134935/http://globalgrind.com/entertainment/russell-simmons-letter-to-frank-ocean-gay-bi-sexual-comes-out-photos|archivedate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> Mgbe a jụrụ ya ma ọ na-ewere onwe ya dị ka nwoke na nwanyị na N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2012, Ocean kwuru, sị: "M ga-eji nkwanye ùgwù kwuo na ndụ dị ike ma na-abịa na ahụmahụ ndị siri ike, na otu mmetụta ahụ m nwere n'ebe ụdị egwu dị, enwere m n'ebe ọ nọ. ọtụtụ akara na igbe na shit." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean Speaks on His Coming Out Letter|url=https://www.complex.com/pigeons-and-planes/2012/11/frank-ocean-speaks-on-his-coming-out-letter|accessdate=November 9, 2020|work=Complex|language=en|archivedate=April 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413212640/https://www.complex.com/pigeons-and-planes/2012/11/frank-ocean-speaks-on-his-coming-out-letter}}</ref> Na June 2016, na-esochi ogbunigwe ụlọ oriri na nkwari abalị Orlando nke gburu mmadụ 49, Ocean bipụtara edemede na-ekwupụta mwute na obi nkoropụ ya. O kwuru na ahụmahụ mbụ ya na mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na transphobia nọ na nna ya mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ma kọwaa mmadụ ole na-ebufe ụkpụrụ ịkpọasị ha n'ọgbọ na-esote ma ziga ọtụtụ puku mmadụ n'ụzọ igbu onwe ya. <ref name="Orlando">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/frank-ocean-on-orlando-shooting-many-hate-us-and-wish-we-didn-t-exist-20160621|title=Frank Ocean on Orlando Shooting: Many Hate Us and Wish We Didn't Exist|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=June 21, 2016|access-date=February 15, 2017}}</ref> Na 2017, nna Ocean mechara gbaa ya akwụkwọ maka nkwutọ ma rịọ $14.5.&nbsp;nde. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/frank-oceans-sued-by-his-own-father_us_5894b082e4b0c1284f259c13|title=Frank Ocean Sued By Father Over Tumblr Response To Orlando Shooting|work=The Huffington Post|date=February 3, 2017|accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> N'October 17, 2017, mgbe a nụchara nke hụrụ Ocean na nne na nna ya abụọ ka ha guzoro, ọkàikpe na-ahụ maka ikpe nyere iwu maka Ocean, na-ekwu na nna ya enyebeghị ihe akaebe zuru oke nke nkwutọ. === Aha na-agbanwe === N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2011, Ocean kwuru na ọ nwara ịgbanwe aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Christopher Francis Ocean site na webụsaịtị iwu na ụbọchị ọmụmụ 23rd ya. A kọrọ na mgbanwe a sitere na ihe nkiri 1960 ''nke Ocean's 11'' sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ. <ref name="Shepherd">{{Cite web|author=Shepherd|first=Julianne Escobedo|date=April 17, 2012|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/04/frank-ocean-has-cold/|title=Frank Ocean Has a Cold|work=Spin|accessdate=July 14, 2012}}</ref> Na Maachị 2014, a kọrọ na ọ na-agbanwe aha ya n'ụzọ iwu na Frank Ocean. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2014/03/07/frank-ocean-name-change|title=Frank Ocean: I'm changing my name... To Frank Ocean|date=March 7, 2014|work=[[TMZ]]|accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2014, e kpughere na akwadobeghị aha mgbanwe aha n'ihi ọtụtụ mmejọ ọsọ ọsọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2014/11/10/frank-ocean-name-change-denied-traffic-tickets|title=Frank Ocean screwed out of name change after extreme speeding|date=November 10, 2014|work=TMZ|accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> Emechara nye ya iwu na Eprel 23, 2015. <ref name="FaderNameChange"/> === Echiche Ndị Ndọrọndọrọ Ọchịchị === Na 2019, Ocean gbara ndị na-akwado Britain ume ka ha votu maka Labour Party na ntuli aka izugbe UK 2019, site na akụkọ Instagram. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dazed|date=2019-12-12|title=A list of the celebrities backing Labour in today’s general election|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/47176/1/celebrities-backing-labour-jeremy-corbyn-uk-general-election-stormzy-frank-ocean|accessdate=2024-05-22|work=Dazed|language=en}}</ref> Oke osimiri ekwupụtala ịdị n'otu na ndị bi na Gaza n'oge agha [[Israel]] na Hamas na-aga n'ihu. Ọ bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe nke Ọktọba 2023 nke ndị na-ese ihe na-agba Onye isi ala Joe Biden ume ka ọ kpọọ oku kwụsịtụ ozugbo na Gaza. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Celebrities call for ceasefire, decry civilian deaths: Hollywood reacts to Israel-Hamas war|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2023/10/16/israeli-palestinian-conflict-celebrity-reactions/71206600007/|work=USA Today|date=October 16, 2023}}</ref> == Esemokwu gbasara iwu == Ocean sampled The Eagles ' 1977 " Hotel California " na egwu ya "American Wedding", nke e gosiri na mpụta mbụ mixtape ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' . Ocean emeghị ihe nzuzo nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ "hụrụ Don Henley n'anya ... ndị Eagles ... na Joe Walsh si egwu egwu egwu". <ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-28|title=Don Henley Finally Threatens to Sue Frank Ocean for 'American Wedding'|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/02/don-henley-finally-threatens-sue-frank-ocean-american-wedding/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na mkpughe nke egwu ahụ butere esemokwu, n'ikpeazụ ọ dịghị mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ahịa, ọ dịghịkwa ihe iwu kwadoro. Achọpụtara na Ocean enweghị ego na egwu ahụ, onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya kwuru na ọ "na-asọpụrụ" The Eagles' Don Henley na ntọhapụ. "Enweghị m otu dime na egwu ahụ. M wepụtara ya n'efu. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla, m na-asọpụrụ ". <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-04|title=The Eagles' Don Henley makes fresh attack on Frank Ocean for 'song theft'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/the-eagles-12-1233413|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=NME|language=en-GB}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 27, 2013, n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke ụlọ ihe nkiri Los Angeles, esemokwu mere n'etiti Frank Ocean na Chris Brown . Otu akụkọ merenụ kwuru na Brown tụbara ọkpọ na Ocean, mgbe Ocean boro Brown ebubo na o werela ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala a họpụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-05|title=More Details of Frank Ocean/Chris Brown Fight Emerge|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/49437-more-details-of-frank-oceanchris-brown-fight-emerge/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=Pitchfork|language=en-US}}</ref> Nwanne nwanne Ocean kwuru na otu onye so na Brown wakporo ya mgbe ihe a mere. E boro ebubo ebubo, na Ocean na-ekwu site na Tumblr na ọ na-ahọrọ "Sanity. Ọ dịghị mpụ ebubo. Ọ dịghị obodo ikpe ". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kaufman|first=Gil|title=Chris Brown And Frank Ocean Fight: Case Closed|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1701395/chris-brown-frank-ocean-fight-no-charges/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=MTV News|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325220702/http://www.mtv.com/news/1701395/chris-brown-frank-ocean-fight-no-charges/}}</ref> Na Maachị 2014, edobere Ocean ka ọ rụọ mkpuchi nke egwu egwu " Pure Imagination " na azụmahịa Chipotle [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] Grill nke bụ maka ịkwalite ọrụ ugbo. N'ịgbaso nyocha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ, ndị ọrụ iwu nke Ocean zigara Chipotle akwụkwọ ozi, na-akọwa na ọ chere na ọ dị ya mkpa ịpụ na nhazi ahụ, na-ekwupụta na "Mgbe a gwara Frank ka o sonye na ọrụ a, ndị nnọchiteanya Chipotle gwara ya na mkpali nke mkpọsa ahụ. bụ ịkwalite ọrụ ugbo ọnweghị akara ma ọ bụ akara nke Chipotle na ngosipụta mbụ, Chipotle wee gwa Frank na ọ bụ ebumnobi nke mkpọsa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean is being sued by Chipotle|url=https://blonded.blog/news/frank-ocean-sued-by-chipotle|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=blonded.blog|date=March 7, 2014|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250303162713/https://blonded.blog/news/frank-ocean-sued-by-chipotle}}</ref> Ocean sọpụrụ nhazi ahụ nke ọma site n'ịkwụghachi Chipotle site na nlele ego ego na nchikota $212,500.00. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Weber|first=Lindsey|date=2014-03-10|title=Frank Ocean Told Chipotle to 'Fuck Off'|url=https://www.vulture.com/2014/03/frank-ocean-told-chipotle-to-fuck-off.html|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=Vulture|language=en-us}}</ref> Azụmahịa ahụ, akpọrọ "The Scarecrow", ka ewepụtara ya na Fiona Apple na-eme egwu ahụ. == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==   == Ihe ngosi == '''Albums Studio''' * ''Orange Channel'' (2012) * ''Blonde'' (2016) '''Ngwakọta''' * ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' (2011) '''Ndekọ anya''' * ''Enweghị ngwụcha'' (2016) == Ihe ndetu == == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ocean, Frank}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Articles with hCards]] [[Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Òtù:Articles with short description]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9eju1a63b17x2m5m1uj5vv51fv69kof 0 47486 727880 671037 2026-09-25T09:13:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727880 wikitext text/x-wiki John Dodgson Barrow (November 24, 1824 - Disemba 7, 1906), [1] bụ nke ama ama maka usoro ya na ụzọ ala ya, ka a na-ahụta dị ka nke ụgbọ nke abụọ nke Schoollọ akwụkwọ osisi Hudson .  Ihe ndị ọ na-achị na- ihe nkiri Central New York, mkpuchi gburugburu Skaneateles, New York, ebe o bi ma onye ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ kwagara New York City .  A na-etinye ụlọ ihe ngosi na- ike uru n'ahụ ya n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'ime obodo Skaneateles. <ref name="westlakeconservators">{{Cite journal|author=Blakney|first=Susan S.|title=A Conservation Strategy For a Static Non-funded Collection: The John D. Barrow Art Gallery|url=https://westlakeconservators.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/A-Conservation-Strategy-for-a-Static-Non-Funded-Collection_The-John-D.-Barrow-Art-Gallery_Susan-Blakney.pdf|journal=The Abbey Newsletter|date=September 1988|volume=12|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Skaneateles_Library_and_John_D._Barrow_Art_Gallery.jpg|thumb| Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke John D. Barrow dị n'ọbá akwụkwọ Skaneatles.]] == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Akwụkwọ akụkọ Barrow na New York City na 24 November 1824 nye John Barrow III na Elizabeth Moode Tupu Barrow.  Eziniche ya nwanne nwanne Rebecca Haydock Barrow, mgba anọ - William, Charles Henry, Edmund Prior Barrow, George na na- George, Caroline Tyler Barrow.  [1] [2] Ọ bụ ya bụ ọkpara n'ime ihe iri ahụ.  [3] Ezin mmetụta ya kwagara Skaneateles na 1839. [4] Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, ọ gara biri na ndị ikwu ya na North East England ma akwụkwọ nkuzi n'ihe ọrụ.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, ọ la n'iche ya na Skaneateles, NY wee gaa n'ihu na-ese ihe.  [5] Barrow alụ di <ref name="estate">{{Cite news|title=Sisters Get the Estate of John Dodgson Barrow; Brother Not Named in Will|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64056490/|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=The Post-Standard|date=12 January 1907|page=12}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ma Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Hudson River nke ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ede uri New England na-enwe mmetụta nke Barrow mgbe ọ dị obere. <ref name="westlakeconservators" /> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na England, ọ laghachiri na Skaneateles na ha kwagara New York City ịmalite ọrụ ya. Barrow sonyeere American Art-Union na 1850 ma isi mbụ ya na National Academy of Design na 1852. Barrow mepere ụlọ ihe nkiri New York City na 1856, mgbe ọ dị afọ 32, na Greenwich Village, na nso nke Charles Loring Elliott [1  ] na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe nkiri ụlọ akwụkwọ Hudson Valley.  [2] George Inness isi ya mgbe ọ bi na New York City. N'agbata 1852 na 1879, ndị na-ekiri ihe ngosi na Union League Club nke New York City, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts na Philadelphia, Boston Athens, na 19 Annual Exhibitions nke National Academy.  [1] obi, Barrow na-ese Abraham Lincoln n'ihu adreesị Cooper Union na New York City na February 1860 <ref name="auburnpub">{{Cite news|author=Monfiletto|first=Jonathan|title=Artist at work: John D. Barrow's portraits represent how Skaneateles painter made living|url=https://auburnpub.com/wocjournal/lifestyles/artist-at-work-john-d-barrows-portraits-represent-how-skaneateles-painter-made-living/article_1df65640-eb60-5e13-89b1-3db6da2cf670.html|accessdate=25 November 2020|work=Auburn Citizen|date=January 10, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609161914/https://auburnpub.com/wocjournal/lifestyles/artist-at-work-john-d-barrows-portraits-represent-how-skaneateles-painter-made-living/article_1df65640-eb60-5e13-89b1-3db6da2cf670.html|archive-date=9 June 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=About the artist|url=https://barrowgallery.org/about/|work=Barrow Gallery|accessdate=25 November 2020}}</ref>   Ọ bụ ebe na ihe ka ukwuu n'ihe na-akpata ya sitere na foto ndị a na-ahụ anya, Barrow serekwa ebe dị iche iche na-ekpuchi ndụ ọrụ.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị na-akpata ndị a lekwasịrị anya na ihe nkiri gburugburu ɔdɔ mmiri Skaneateles na gburugburu ebe Barrow bi n'oge mmetụta <ref name="inspiration">{{Cite news|author=Craig|first=Gwendolyn|title=Echoes of Barrow: Indianapolis artist finds inspiration in Skaneateles Lake|url=https://auburnpub.com/lifestyles/echoes-of-barrow-indianapolis-artist-finds-inspiration-in-skaneateles-lake/article_f0767930-b26a-5fa0-b2e5-3a35d23bc145.html|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=Auburn Citizen|date=September 19, 2017|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="gallery-fundraiser">{{Cite news|author=Monfiletto|first=Jonathan|title=Art gallery looks toward annual fund drive|url=https://auburnpub.com/art-gallery-looks-toward-annual-fund-drive/article_1d33c313-4505-5623-b64c-4c66fe7cf052.html|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=Auburn Citizen|date=September 18, 2013|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Monfiletto|first=Jonathan|title='Little piece of heaven': John D. Barrow's landscapes preserve Skaneateles of long ago|url=https://auburnpub.com/wocjournal/lifestyles/little-piece-of-heaven-john-d-barrows-landscapes-preserve-skaneateles-of-long-ago/article_94dd5556-8348-50cf-bbee-f811f590fa6e.html|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=Auburn Citizen|date=January 28, 2017|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=The Art Association: Sunset on Lake Ontario" painting|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64055206/|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|date=16 November 1868|pages=2}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Landscapes: View on the Ammonoosuc River, N. H.|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64055746/|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|date=1 May 1876|pages=2}}</ref> Barrow sekwara ihe osise nke ụmụ amaala ama na mpaghara Skaneateles.  [1] O nyere ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ọrụ ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze Syracuse.  [2] [3] : 303 [4] Ọ haziri ihe izi ndị agha Skaneateles na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri (1895) na ebe ili ozu Lake View.  O mekwara ihe mgbakwunye n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha nke obodo ahụ nke nwere ụlọ ihe osise ya. <ref name="westlakeconservators" /> Na 8 October 1900, Barrow nyere gallery ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ Skaneateles yana enyemaka ego maka iwu ụlọ. <ref name="westlakeconservators" /> <ref name="Onondaga past & present">{{Cite book|author=Beauchamp|first=William Martin|title=Past and Present of Syracuse and Onondaga County, New York: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of 1908|date=1908|publisher=S.J. Clarke Publishing Company|location=Onondaga County (N.Y.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wcopAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 November 2020|language=en}}</ref> : 9 Taa, gallery nwere eserese 426, ọtụtụ n'ime okpokolo agba mbụ, nke ihe dị ka 300 na-egosipụta n'otu oge. <ref name="visit-gallery">{{Cite news|author=Long|first=Dorothy|title=Artist John D. Barrow wanted folks to enjoy his work|url=https://www.syracuse.com/news/2013/02/john_d_barrow_art_gallery_in_s.html|accessdate=25 November 2020|work=Syracuse Post-Standard|date=14 February 2013|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="gallery-fundraiser" /> === Ihe omume ndị ọzọ === Barrow lara ezumike nká n'oge wee wepụ na Skaneateles na 1877. [1] N'otu afã ahụ, a na-achọpụta na ngalaba nke Mahadum Syracuse dị ka onye prọfesọ nke ndị na-amụ nke nkà ihe nkiri.  [2] [3] O jere ozi afọ. <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Smalley|title=Alumni Record and General Catalogue of Syracuse University (1872-1910), including Genesee college (1852-1871) and Geneva medical college (1835-1872)|date=1911|publisher=Alumni Association of Syracuse University|location=Syracuse, N.Y.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RLINAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 November 2020|language=en}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye isi oche nke Skaneateles Savings Bank [1] : 423 na onye isi otu Onondaga Historical Association ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.  [1] : 542.  <ref>{{Cite news|title=Onondaga Historical Association to Name Directors|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64055575/|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=The Post-Standard|date=9 January 1907|page=4}}</ref> Na Julaị 4, 1876, John D. Barrow kwuru okwu mkpa awụ na Skaneateles na-akọ njikọ obodo ahụ ruo mgbe ahụ.  [1] : 288 Na 1891, o mere ka e bipụta ya na Syracuse dị ka akwụkwọ nwere peeji 20 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Barrow, John D.|title=Centennial Address by John D. Barrow|url=https://cdm16694.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/srr_skanlib/id/3|publisher=Masters & Stone Printers|accessdate=25 November 2020|date=July 4, 1876}}</ref>  Tupu ọrịa, o mkpokọta uri iri aụfụ Around Skaneateles Lake nke William Martin Beauchamp deziri.  [1] : 288 == Ọnwụ == Barrow nwụrụ na Skaneateles na Disemba 7, 1906 mgbe ọ dị afọ 83. <ref name="Obit">Obituary, ''The Democrat'', December 13, 1906.</ref> <ref name="Onondaga past & present" /> : 288 <ref>{{Cite news|title=Death Notice|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64052517/|accessdate=26 November 2020|work=New-York Tribune|date=8 December 1906|pages=7}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ ala ya nye ụmụnne ya ndị nwanyị abụọ. <ref name="estate" /> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == *   == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://barrowgallery.org/about/ Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke John D. Barrow] * [http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography.aspx?artist=86456 John Dodgson Barrow] sitere na AskArt. tj2uw6aflvys9ci4pm6b300t7o898on 0 47568 727844 708537 2026-09-25T06:39:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727844 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">James G. Spady</div> |- class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="1224" data-file-type="bitmap" data-file-width="892" decoding="async" height="302" resource="./File:James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg/220px-James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg/330px-James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg/440px-James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg 2x" width="220" | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:James_G._SpadyJames_G._Spady.jpg|frameless]]</img> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Amụrụ | class="infobox-data" | Ọnwa Nke Anọ 2, 1944 |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" | Febụwarị 17, 2020 <span style="display:none">(2020-02-17)</span> (agadi&nbsp;75) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Ọrụ(ọrụ) | class="infobox-data role" | odee, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, odeakụkọ ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Ọrụ ama ama</span> | class="infobox-data" | Marcus Garvey, Africa na UNIA (1985) National Conscious Rap (1991) Global Cipha: Omenala Hip Hop na Amamihe (2006) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Ihe nrite | class="infobox-data" | Akwụkwọ nrite America (1988) Ihe nrite nturu ugo nke otu ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke mba |} '''James G. Spady''' (Eprel 2, 1944 - Febụwarị 17, 2020) bụ onye odee, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nta akụkọ meriri. N'ime ọrụ afọ iri ise ya, Spady dere ma dezie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, rụọ ọrụ na redio, telivishọn, na ihe nkiri, dee ọtụtụ narị akụkọ akụkọ maka mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na-ebipụta, ma nata National Newspaper Publishers Association 's Meritorious Award. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/james-g-spady-writer-and-historian/article_4e576aa6-815b-5376-bc86-6cde6b556ad6.html|title=James G. Spady, 75, writer and historian|author=Meghelli|first=Samir|work=The Philadelphia Tribune|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-15|archive-date=2020-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311172400/https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/james-g-spady-writer-and-historian/article_4e576aa6-815b-5376-bc86-6cde6b556ad6.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beforecolumbusfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Aba2001prior.pdf|title=Previous Winners of the American Book Award}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yancy|first=George|date=2013|title=Socially Grounded Ontology and Epistemological Agency: James G. Spady's Search for the Marvelous/ Imaginative Within the Expansive and Expressive Domain of Rap Music and Hip Hop Self-Consciousness|journal=Western Journal of Black Studies|volume=37|issue=2|pages=66–79}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == Dị ka nwa okorobịa, James G. Spady sonyeere Philadelphia NAACP Youth Council, ebe o zutere onye ndu obodo, onye ọka iwu, na Philadelphia NAACP President, Cecil B. Moore . N'okpuru nduzi Moore, Spady sonyeere mkpesa akụkọ ihe mere eme 1965 iji wepụrụ Girard College, ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 na-acha ọcha naanị maka ụmụ ogbenye na ụmụ mgbei. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Countryman|first=Matthew|title=Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia|url=https://archive.org/details/upsouthcivilrigh0000matt|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2006|pages=[https://archive.org/details/upsouthcivilrigh0000matt/page/168 168]–178}}</ref> Mgbalị ahụ na-aga nke ọma gụnyere ọnwa 7 nke ịtụ n'ihu mgbidi mpụta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nke - mgbe ọ gara na ngagharị iwe ahụ - [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Dr.]] [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] kpọrọ "ụdị mgbidi Berlin iji mee ka ụmụ Chineke nwee agba." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://northerncity.library.temple.edu/items/show/15543|title=The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - Visit to Philadelphia · Digital Exhibitions|work=northerncity.library.temple.edu|accessdate=2020-03-15|archivedate=2020-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502124519/http://northerncity.library.temple.edu/items/show/15543}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, Spady ga-aga n'ihu na mmemme ya site n'inyere aka ịhazi nleta [[Muhammad]] Ali [https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2014/04/14/muhammad-alis-speech-howard-university-1967 na 1967 na Mahadum Howard ebe Ali nyere okwu "Black is Best" ya] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VlEqcWjlMI&feature=youtu.be&t=5236|title='Eyes on the Prize' documentary film - footage of Muhammad Ali speech at Howard University featuring James G. Spady to Ali's left, wearing sunglasses|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2014/04/14/muhammad-alis-speech-howard-university-1967|title=Muhammad Ali's Speech at Howard University, 1967|author=WETA|work=Boundary Stones: WETA's Washington DC History Blog|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-15}}</ref> Ọrụ mmụta Spady malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na-esochi njem dị ukwuu gafee kọntinent Africa na ọdịda anyanwụ Europe. Karịsịa, na May 1968, ya na ndị ọrụ ibe hiwere Black History Museum Library na Heritage House na North Philadelphia (mgbe e mesịrị ịkwaga na YWCA na Girard Avenue na n'akụkụ akụkọ ihe mere eme African American social club, The Pyramid Club ). <ref>{{Cite book|title=Black Poets Write On!: An Anthology of Black Philadelphia Poets|publisher=Black History Museum Committee|year=1970|location=Philadelphia|pages=2–3}}</ref> Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ nwere—dị ka ihe ndekọ nke oge a si kwuo—“akwụkwọ mpịakọta atọ, akwụkwọ nta, broshuọ, traktị ndị ohu, akwụkwọ ozi, akwụkwọ ozi, ihe osise, ngwá egwú, ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.” <ref>{{Cite news|title=The 1972 Issue of Stolen Legacy|date=May 1972|work=Black History Museum Umum Newsletter|pages=2–3}}</ref> Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM'' malitere na Ọktoba 1971, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na ntinye aka nke ndị Africa na Africa na akụkọ ntolite, sayensị, egwu, na akwụkwọ, ma gosipụta onyinye mbụ sitere n'aka ndị edemede na ndị ọkà mmụta n'ofe United States na karịa. A manyere ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie / ụlọ akwụkwọ ikike imechi site na 1973 mgbe ọkụ na izu ohi sochirinụ, mana ọ gara n'ihu wepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya wee bipụta akwụkwọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị n'okpuru ụdị dị iche iche nke Black History Museum UMUM akara. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, Black History Museum Library tupu-ma nye aka ịtọ ntọala maka-Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka African American Museum na Philadelphia ), onye nduzi mbụ, Charles H. Wesley, bụ onye ndụmọdụ Spady. na onye na-akwado mbọ mbụ a. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Burns|first=Andrea|title=From Storefront to Monument: Tracing the History of the Black Museum Movement|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|year=2013|location=Amerst|pages=41–71}}</ref> == Ọrụ mmụta == N'ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nta akụkọ, James G. Spady gbara ajụjụ ọnụ, dee banyere ya, na ụfọdụ ndị enyi dị iche iche nke ndị ọkà mmụta, ndị na-agụ egwú, na ndị edemede nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, gụnyere: Nina Simone, James Brown, [[Fela Kuti|Fela. Kuti]], Stevie Wonder, [[Bob Marley]] ,&nbsp;Miles Davis, na Dizzy Gillespie ; James Baldwin, Gwendolyn Brooks, Ntozake Shange, na Sterling Brown ; Cheikh Anta Diop, Mercer Cook, Merze Tate, Adelaide Cromwell, Charles H. Wesley, na Benjamin Quarles . <ref name=":0"/> <ref name="Jackson 80">{{Cite journal|author=Jackson|first=Leandre|date=2013-06-22|title=Discourse Methodology in Service of Narrative Strategy: Nommo Seeking in a Hip Hop Universe, James Spady's Hip Hop Oeuvre|url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-346007245/discourse-methodology-in-service-of-narrative-strategy|journal=The Western Journal of Black Studies|volume=37|issue=2|pages=80|issn=0197-4327}}</ref> Mana Spady nyekwara nnukwu ihe nke ndụ ya n'ịdekọ na ịsọpụrụ ndụ na ọrụ nke trailblazing mana ndị omenala, ndị ọgụgụ isi na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elegharakarị anya. O duuru mgbalị idetu ndụ na ọrụ nke onye ọsụ ụzọ Africa American architect [[Julian Abele]] . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Spady|first=James G.|title=Julian Abele and the Architecture of Bon Vivant|publisher=Black History Museum Committee|year=1982|location=Philadelphia|pages=1–8}}</ref> O bipụtara akwụkwọ nta, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Julian-Abele-architecture-Bon-Vivant/dp/B000723WSS/ref=sr_1_11?qid=1583075614&refinements=p_27%3AJames+G.+Spady&s=books&sr=1-11&text=James+G.+Spady Julian Abele na Architecture of Bon Vivant]'' (1982), wee kwenye na Philadelphia Museum of Art and University of [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] ka ọ mara ọrụ Abele n'ichebe ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie yana ọtụtụ ụlọ Penn . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14630077/credit-where-it-is-overdue-julian-abele/|title=Credit where it is Overdue, Julian Abele|date=1982-03-27|work=Philadelphia Daily News|accessdate=2020-03-15|pages=4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hine|first=Thomas|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15634173/the-philadelphia-inquirer/|title=Black architect gave shape to an idea|date=1982-03-27|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|accessdate=2020-03-15|pages=B1}}</ref> Spady nyekwara aka n'iweta nlebara anya ọhụrụ na ọrụ ịsụ ụzọ nke onye na-ede uri, onye na-agụ akụkọ ọdịnala, na prọfesọ, Sterling A. Brown, site n'ịhazi nnukwu ụtụ ọha na eze na Washington, DC's Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library na 1976 na itinye onye na-ede uri [[Robert Hayden|Robert. Hayden]] ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche maka mmemme ụbọchị ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Spady|first=James G.|date=1977|title=Sterling A. Brown Honored at UMUM Fete in Washington, DC|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_black-scholar_1977-03_8_5/page/40|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=8|issue=5|pages=40–44|doi=10.1080/00064246.1977.11413895}}</ref> Ihe omume ahụ gosipụtara ụtụ sitere na Ruby Dee na Ossie Davis, AB Spellman, Dr. Montague Cobb, Dr. Allison Davis, na Milford Graves, yana Loïs Mailou Jones bụ onye na-ese ihe osise unyi nke Sterling Brown na-ebi n'oge ihe omume ahụ. <ref name=":1" /> Spady na Black History Museum ''UMUM'' Committee mechara dezie ma bipụta ya, ''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000212759 Sterling A. Brown: A UMUM Tribute]'' (1976 na 1982), nke gosipụtara onyinye sitere n'aka Amiri Baraka, Alan Lomax, Ophelia Egypt, Houston Baker, Léon Damas, Arthur Huff Fauset, na Léopold Sédar Senhgor . <ref name=":1" /> Na 1979, Washington, DC City Council kwupụtara ụbọchị ọmụmụ Brown, Mee 1, ''Sterling A. Brown Day'', ma kpọọ ya onye na-ede uri obodo na 1984 ''.'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|author=Whitaker|first=Joseph D.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/01/16/poet-sterling-allen-brown-dies/24de727b-a93b-4e2c-a9d4-35ef1a845b16/|title=POET STERLING ALLEN BROWN DIES|date=1989-01-16|work=Washington Post|accessdate=2020-03-16|language=en-US}}</ref> Brown kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ The Washington Post : "Enweghachila m, mweghachi, megharịa ma nwetaghachi." <ref name=":2" /> Spady rụrụ ụdị ọrụ a maka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama ọnụ ọgụgụ, gụnyere African American dere William L. Dawson . Ya na kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka Black History bipụtara akwụkwọ, ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/William_L_Dawson.html?id=nhHxfYxljS4C William L. Dawson: A UMUM Tribute and a Marvelous Journey] ,'' na 1981. <ref>Huff, Vernon Edward. "William Levi Dawson: An Examination of Selected Letters, Speeches, and Writings." DMA Dissertation, Arizona State University, 2013, pp. 2-3.</ref> Mgbe a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na ime enyi onye Senegalese Cheikh Anta Diop na njedebe 1960s, Spady dere otu n'ime akwụkwọ edemede mbụ nke Bekee iji nyochaa ọrụ ya ( [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001132557200500104?journalCode=cbaa "Negritude, PanBanegritude, na Diopian Philosophy of African History"] na 1972). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Spady|first=James G.|date=1972-01-01|title=Negritude, PanBanegritude and the Diopian Philosophy of African History|journal=A Current Bibliography on African Affairs|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=11–29|doi=10.1177/001132557200500104|issn=0011-3255}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Clarke|first=John Henrik|date=July 1974|title=The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cToDAAAAMBAJ&q=%22mercer+cook%22+%22diop%22+%22spady%22&pg=PA51|journal=Black World|volume=XXIII|pages=51}}</ref> Mgbe nke atọ World Press bipụtara nsụgharị Bekee nke akwụkwọ Diop, [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002208241 ''The Cultural Unity of Black Africa'' (1978)], ọ gụnyere okwu ikpeazụ nke James G. Spady na-arịọ Diop n'onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_109244|title=The cultural unity of Black Africa : the domains of patriarchy and of matriarchy in classical antiquity / by Cheikh Anta Diop; introd. by John Henrik Clarke; afterword by James G. Spady|work=Smithsonian Institution|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-16}}</ref> Spady mechara nye ọrụ ma bipụta abụ atọ nke onye na-ede uri na prọfesọ Mwatabu Okantah nke isiokwu ya bụ [https://books.google.com/books/about/Cheikh_Anta_Diop.html?id=Ini2GAAACAAJ ''Cheikh Anta Diop: Poem For The Living'' (1997)] ; nke a bụ uri epic n'asụsụ atọ nke mbụ e bipụtara na Bekee, French na Wolof . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Okantah|first=Mwatabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ini2GAAACAAJ|title=Cheikh Anta Diop: Poem for the Living : a Poem|date=1997|publisher=Black History Museum, UMUM/LOH Pub.|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka onye bi na Filadelfia ogologo oge, akụkọ ihe mere eme na onyinye obodo ahụ na-abụkarị isiokwu nke ọrụ Spady. O dere akụkọ ndụ nke enyi ya nwụrụ anwụ, onye Philadelphia ibe ya, na onye ọhụụ Black Arts Movement, Larry Neal, nke aha ya bụ ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Larry_Neal.html?id=CCZbAAAAMAAJ Larry Neal: Onye Ntọhapụ Black Philly Poet na Blues Streak of Mellow Wisdom]'' (1989). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yancy|first=George D.|title=Larry Neal: Phenomenological Facets|date=1992|journal=CLA Journal|volume=36|issue=1|pages=41–51|issn=0007-8549}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, Spady lụrụ ọgụ maka ncheta ndụ na ọrụ nke onye ndụmọdụ ya, onye ọka iwu, na onye ndu obodo, Cecil B. Moore, onye o bipụtara obere akwụkwọ nta akụkọ, ''[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22223026 Cecil B. Moore: A Soldier for Justice]'' (1985). Obere oge tupu Spady anwụọ, o dere ederede nke kpụrụ ntọala maka ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke SEPTA arụnyere na nso nso a na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko Cecil B. Moore na Philadelphia's Broad Street Line. <ref name=":0"/> A jụkwara Spady site na Philadelphia redio DJ a ma ama na onye ọrụ ikike obodo Georgie Woods ka ọ dee akụkọ ndụ ya, nke ghọrọ akwụkwọ, ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Georgie_Woods.html?id=hI2VGQAACAAJ Georgie Woods - 'Abụ m Naanị Nwoke!]'' ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Georgie_Woods.html?id=hI2VGQAACAAJ ': Akụkọ ndụ nke onye mgbasa ozi Mass, Onye nkwalite, onye na-eme ihe ruuru obodo]'' (1992). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Spady|first=James G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hI2VGQAACAAJ|title=Georgie Woods: I'm Only a Man : the Life Story of a Mass Communicator, Promoter, Civil Rights Activist|date=1992|publisher=Snack-Pac Book Division|language=en}}</ref> Spady bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge nke [https://www.garveyfoundation.com/ Marcus Garvey Memorial Foundation], òtù agụmakwụkwọ kwadoro na 1961 site n'aka onye ndụmọdụ ya, Thomas W. Harvey, bụ onye jere ozi dị ka onye na-anọchi anya [[Marcus Garvey]] dị ka President-General nke Universal Negro Improvement Association ( UNIA). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://garveyfoundation.com/about/history.htm|title=The History of The Marcus Garvey Memorial Foundation|date=2009-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906171238/http://garveyfoundation.com/about/history.htm|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=2009-09-06}}</ref> Na 1985, Spady bipụtara ''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002059894 Marcus Garvey, Africa, na Universal Negro Improvement Association]'' . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Spady|first=James G.|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002059894|title=Marcus Garvey, Africa, and the Universal Negro Improvement Association: a UMUM perspective on concentric activity in the Pan African world|date=1985|publisher=Marcus Garvey Memorial Foundation|location=New York City, N.Y.}}</ref> Na 2011, o dere ''[https://www.amazon.com/Marcus-Garvey-Reggae-African-Diaspora/dp/0984677100 Marcus Garvey, Jazz, Reggae, Hip Hop, na African Diaspora]'' na kwadoro ''[https://www.amazon.com/Perspectives-History-Marcus-African-Diaspora/dp/0984677119/ New Perspectives na History of Marcus Garvey, UNIA, na African Diaspora]'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaihs.org/global-garveyism/|title=Global Garveyism: Mapping Those at Home and Abroad|author=Ewing|first=Adam|work=African American Intellectual History Society|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-16}}</ref> Spady raara onwe ya nye ihe ka ukwuu n'ime afọ 35 ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya n'ịdekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala [[Hip hop music|Hip Hop]] . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Meghelli|first=Samir|date=2013-06-22|title=Remixing the Historical Record: Revolutions in Hip Hop Historiography|url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-346007246/remixing-the-historical-record-revolutions-in-hip|journal=The Western Journal of Black Studies|volume=37|issue=2|pages=94|issn=0197-4327}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yancy|first=George|date=2013-06-22|title=Introductory Remarks from the Guest Editor|url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-346007243/introductory-remarks-from-the-guest-editor|journal=The Western Journal of Black Studies|volume=37|issue=2|pages=63|doi=10.1007/s10762-011-9835-0|issn=0197-4327}}</ref> <ref name="Jackson 80"/> Ọ kwadoro akwụkwọ atọ nke mbụ gbasara [[Hip hop music|Hip Hop]], ya na ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Nation_conscious_rap.html?id=pDoUAQAAIAAJ Nation Conscious Rap]'' (1991), ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Twisted_Tales.html?id=LWAiAQAAMAAJ Twisted Tales: In the Hip Hop Streets of Philly]'' (1995), na ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Street_conscious_rap.html?id=meITAQAAIAAJ Street Conscious Rap]'' (1999), n'ikpeazụ na-agbakwunye ụda nke anọ na ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Tha_Global_Cipha.html?id=cYPNAAAACAAJ The Global Cipha: Hip Hop Culture and Consciousness]'' (2006). == Ọrụ ahọpụtara == === Akwụkwọ === * ''Ndị na-ede uri ojii dee na!'' '': Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Black Philadelphian Poets'' (1970) * ''Sterling A. Brown : A UMUM Tribute'' (1976 na 1982) * ''Indigené: Anthology of Future Black Arts'' (1978) * ''William L. Dawson : Ụtụ UMUM na njem dị ebube'' (1981) * ''9 ruo Eluigwe na Ala: Ndị nka ojii'' (1983) * ''[[Marcus Garvey]], Africa, na Universal Negro Improvement Association'' (1985) * ''Larry Neal : Onye na-ede uri Black Philly tọhapụrụ ya na blu Streak of Mellow Wisdom'' (1989) * ''National Conscious Rap'' (1991) * ''Georgie Woods - 'Abụ m naanị nwoke!'' ''<nowiki/>': Akụkọ ndụ nke onye mgbasa ozi Mass, onye nkwalite, onye na-eme ihe ruuru obodo'' (1992) * ''Akụkọ gbagọrọ agbagọ: N'okporo ụzọ Hip Hop nke Philly'' (1995) * ''Okporo Amụma Rap'' (1999) * ''360 Degreez nke Sonia Sanchez : Hip Hop, Akụkọ, Iqhawe na Oghere Ọha nke ịbụ'' (2000) * ''The Global Cipha: Hip Hop Culture and Consciousness'' (2006) * ''[[Marcus Garvey]], Jazz, Reggae, Hip Hop, na African Diaspora'' (2011) * ''Echiche ọhụrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Marcus Garvey]], UNIA, na African Diaspora'' (2011) === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * "Dr. William Leo Hansberry: The Legacy of an African Hunter," ''Current Bibliography on African Affairs'', Vol. 3, No. 11-12 (1970), 25–40. * "The Ancient [[Zimbabwe]] Empire," ''Negro History Bulletin'', (1971), 33-34. * "The Cultural Unity of Cheikh Anta Diop, 1948-1964," ''Black Images: A Critical Quarterly on Black Arts and Culture'', I, III-IV (1972), pp.&nbsp;14–22. * "Negritude, PanBanegritude, and the Diopian Philosophy of African History," ''A Current Bibliography on African Affairs'', Vol. 5, No. 1 (1972), pp.&nbsp;11–29. * "Memorial Services for Arna Bontemps," ''CLA Journal'', Vol. 17, No. 1 (Sept. 1973), pp. 117-119. * "The Afro-American Historical Society: The Nucleus of Black Bibliophilies, 1897-1913," ''Negro History Bulletin,'' Vol. 37, No. 4 (June/July, 1974), pp.&nbsp;254–257. * "Major Richard R. Wright: Scholar and Activist," ''Umoja: Southwestern Black Journal'' (1975), pp. 11-17. * "Sterling A. Brown Honored at UMUM Fete in Washington, D.C." ''The Black Scholar,'' Vol. 8, No. 5 (1977), pp.&nbsp;40–44. * "Tri-Muse: The Historiography of Joel A. Rogers, Drusilla Dunjee Houston and William Leo Hansberry," in ''Y'Bird'', Vol. I, No. 2 (1978), pp.&nbsp;98–116. * "Indigene = Folkski Equations in the Black Arts," ''The Black Scholar'', Vol. 10, No. 3/4 (Nov/Dec 1978), pp. 24-33. * Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe: Portrait of a Pan African Giant," ''Black Collegian'', Dec. 1980/Jan. 1981. * "Surrealism and the Marvelous Black Plunge in Search of Yemanga and the Human Condition," ''Cultural Correspondence'', 12-14 (Summer 1981), pp. 92-95. * "Dr. W. Montague Cobb: Anatomist, Physician, Physical Anthropologist, Editor Emeritus of ''The Journal of the National Medical Association'', and First Black President of NAACP," ''Journal of the National Medical Association'', Vol. 76, No. 7 (1984), 739–744. * "The Changing Perception of Cheikh Anta Diop and His Work," ''Journal of African Civilizations'', Vol. 8, No. 1 (June 1986), pp.&nbsp;89–101. * "Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop and The Background of Scholarship on Black Interest in Egyptology and Nile Valley Civilizations," ''Présence Africaine'', No. 149/150, HOMMAGE à Cheikh Anta Diop (1er et 2e TRIMESTRES 1989), pp.&nbsp;292–312. * "'IMA PUT MY THING DOWN': Afro-American Expressive Culture and the Hip Hop Community," ''TYANABA: Revue de la Société d'Anthropologie,'' Vol. 20, No. 2 (1993), 93-98. * "Moving in Silence: Motion, Movement and Music in a Hip Hop Centered Cultural Universe," ''Black Arts Quarterly'', Vol. 6, No. 3 (2002). * "Jean Harvey Slappy's Philosophy and the Tradition of Marcus Garvey and Thomas W. Harvey" (with Giles R. Wright), ''American Philosophical Association's Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience'', Vol. 2, No. 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 57-60. * "Dreams, Memories and X-Ray Stars in 2003: The Distinctive Role of DMX in the Poetics of African American Identity" (book review of: Smokey D. Fontaine and Earl Simmons, ''E.A.R.L.: The Autobiography of DMX'') ''American Philosophical Association's Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience'', Vol. 2, No. 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 89-90. * "The Hip Hop Nation as a Site of African-American Cultural and Historical Memory," ''Drumvoices Revue'', Vol. 12, No. 1 & 2 (2004), pp. 154-168. * "The Fluoroscope of Brooklyn Hip Hop: Talib Kweli in Conversation," ''Callaloo'', Vol. 29, No. 3 (Summer 2006), pp. 993-1011. * "Mapping and Re-Membering Hip Hop History, Hiphopography and African Diasporic History," in ''Western Journal of Black Studies'', Vol. 37, No. 2 (Summer 2013), pp.&nbsp;126–157. === Isi akwụkwọ === * "Dr. J.: The Interstellar Connector," na ''Free Spirits: Annals of the Insurgent Imagination'', eds. Paul Buhle, Jayne Cortez, Philip Lamantia, Nancy Joyce Peters, Franklin Rosemont, Penelope Rosemont (San Francisco: Akwụkwọ ọkụ City, 1982). * "Blackspace," na ''Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern'', ed. Ivan Van Sertima (New Brunswick, NJ: Akwụkwọ azụmahịa, 1983), p.&nbsp;258–265. * "Drusilla Dunjee Houston: A Umum Commentary, A Search, and Personal Notes" na ''ebube ndị Etiopia nke alaeze Cushite oge ochie'', nke Drusilla Dunjee Houston (Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1985). * "Gwendolyn Brooks na ụkpụrụ nke mmesapụ aka: Abalị na North Philly," na ''Say That The River Turns: Mmetụta Gwendolyn Brooks'', ed. Haki Madhubuti (Chicago, IL: Mgbasa Ozi Ụwa nke Atọ, 1987), p. 70-71. * "Marcus Mosiah Garvey: Nwoke nke Ọchịchị na Omume Mass," na ''nnukwu ndị isi ojii: Ancient and Modern'', ed. Ivan Van Sertima (Edison, NJ: Akwụkwọ azụmahịa, 1988). * "Elmer Samuel Imes: Onye ọsụ ụzọ Black Physicist," na ''Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern'', ed. Ivan Van Sertima (New Brunswick, NJ: Akwụkwọ azụmahịa, 1991). * "Ahụhụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke CA Diop na Ọrụ ya: Ọkachamara nke Mmụọ Sayensị," na ''Great African Thinkers'', ''Vol.'' ''1: Cheikh Anta Diop'', ed. Ivan Van Sertima (1992). === Ndenye Encyclopedia === * "Robert Mara Adger," n'akwụkwọ ''ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography'', eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 6-7. * "William Carl Bolivar," n'akwụkwọ ''ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography'', eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 50. * "Leon Gardiner," n'akwụkwọ ''ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography'', eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 251-252. * "Richard Robert Wright, Sr.," na ''Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography'', eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 674-675. == Ntụaka == traktị ndị ohu, akwụkwọ ozi, akwụkwọ ozi, ihe osise, ngwá egwú, ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.” Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM malitere na Ọktoba 1971, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na ntinye aka nke ndị Africa na Africa na akụkọ ntolite, sayensị, egwu, na akwụkwọ, ma gosipụta onyinye kaadịakwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.” Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM malitere na Ọktoba 1971,ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.” Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM malitere na Ọktoba 1971,{{Reflist}} dcdsq5tzyxeuwja5ukf0kgn6l1exzdm 0 47645 727735 672342 2026-09-24T22:02:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Gerrit_Beneker_at_easel_1915.jpg|thumb| Gerrit Beneker nọ n'ọgbọ ya na 1915]] [[Usòrò:Portrait_of_Reinhart_Geiger,_locomotive_engineer,_by_Gerrit_A._Beneker_dl_full_size.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Eserese nke Reinhart Geiger, injinia locomotive]] Gerrit Albertus Beneker (January 26, 1882 - Ọktoba 23, 1934) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe kacha mara maka ya nke ihe nkiri ụlọ ọrụ yana maka ọrụ mmado ya na Agha mbụ Mbụ. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Beneker na Jenụwarị 26, 1882, na Grand Rapids, Michigan, nwa nwoke Bartel Albertus Beneker, onye si Serooskerke na Netherlands kwaga na Pauline Catherine Steketee. [1] [2] [3] O buru ụzọ mụọ na Chicago Art Institute, ebe ndị nkuzi ya gụnyere John Vanderpoel na Frederick Richardson ; emesia ọ gafere na Art Students League na New York. [4] Na Septemba 1907 ọ lụrụ Flora Judd Van Vranken si Marcellus, New York, onye ya na ya ga-amụ ụmụ anọ. <ref name="anc">{{Cite web|url=http://records.ancestry.com/Gerrit_A_Beneker_records.ashx?pid=5316373|title=Gerrit A Beneker 1881-1934 - Ancestry|work=records.ancestry.com}}</ref> Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na New York, ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ nke Charles Webster Hawthorne na 1912 na Cape Cod School of Art ;  [1] ọ bụ ebe na ọrụ ya wetara ugboro ugboro, ọ la iche na mpaghara ahụ n'oge akwụkwọ na 1920 ụlọ ụlọ na Truro, Massachusetts. . <ref name="askart">{{Cite web|url=http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography.aspx?searchtype=BIO&artist=23901|title=Biography for Gerrit Beneker|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=2011-11-18}}</ref> <ref name="artnet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/gerrit-albertus-beneker/biography-links|title=Gerrit Albertus Beneker|publisher=artnet.com|accessdate=2011-11-17}}</ref>Na July 1918, a goro Beneker, n'okpuru aha nke "Aid Expert Aid, Navy Department", iji akwụkwọ akwụkwọ mmado na ihe atụ maka agha.  [1] Ọ bụ n’oge a ka o sere ọrụ ọ mara nke ọma, “O doro anya na anyị ga-arụcha ọrụ ahụ,” nke rere ihe ụmụaka nde atọ.<gallery> Usòrò:I_will_back_you_by_Gerrit_A._Beneker,_1918.png|alt="I will back you"|"A ga m azụ gị" Usòrò:Work_as_you_would_fight_by_Gerrit_A._Beneker,_1918.png|alt="Work as you would fight"|"Na-arụ ọrụ ka ị ga-alụ ogụ" Usòrò:Sure_we'll_finish_the_job.jpg|alt="Sure! We'll finish the job"|"N'ezie! Anyị ga-arụcha ọrụ ahụ" Usòrò:The_Past_is_Behind_Us,_The_Future_is_Ahead._Let_us_all_strive_to_make_the_future_better_and_brighter_than_the_past..._-_NARA_-_541774.tif|alt="The Past is Behind Us, The Future is Ahead. Let us all strive to make the future better and brighter than the past..."|"Ihe gara aga dị n'azụ anyị, ihe dị n'ihu. Ka anyị niile ịgbasie ike ime ka dị mma ma dị mma ƙarin oge gara aga..." </gallery>Mgbe e ịhụ, Beneker mgbatị afọ a na-ese ndị ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ Hydraulic Pressed Steel Company na Cleveland, Ohio dị ka ọrụ nkwalite nke njikwa ọrụ;  [1] A ọrụ ndị yiri ya na ụlọ ọrụ General Electric dị na Schenectady, New York, na na ụlọ ọrụ Rohm na Haas dị na Philadelphia. <ref name="askart" /> Beneker bụ otu n'ime ndị post Provincetown Art Association na Museum .  [1] Akwụkwọ ya bụ Archives of American Art of the Smithsonian Institution na-ejide akwụkwọ ya. <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/gerrit-beneker-papers-8880|title=Gerrit A. Beneker papers, 1869–1972|publisher=Archives of American Art|accessdate=2011-11-16}}</ref> == Nyocha == [[Usòrò:'Telephone_Operator'_by_Gerrit_A._Beneker.JPG|thumb| ''Onye na-arụ ekwentị (Onye na-akpa ákwà nke echiche ọha)'', 1921]] [[Usòrò:Portrait_of_George_Trapp,_worker,_by_Gerrit_A._Beneker_dl_full_size.jpg|thumb| ''Eserese nke George Trapp, onye ọrụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ'', 1930]] Ihe si na Beneker pụta dị nnọọ ukwuu, na-arụ ihe dị ka narị ise na mmanụ a rụpụtara n'ime afọ iri atọ, ewezuga ọtụtụ ihe atụ ya. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ ihe osise, ọdịdị ala, na ụdị ihe osise nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọrụ aka, na ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ ka a maara ya nke ọma. Eserese ụlọ ọrụ Beneker nwere nchekwube ma na-ebuli ndị ọrụ ozi elu.  James Guimond depụtara ya, yana ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka Alfred Stieglitz, Joseph Stella, na Margaret Bourke-White, dị ka onye na-ekere òkè na " ụdị ọrụ ihe na-ewu nke bụ ụdị sooty romanticism.  "  [1] Eserese ụlọ ọrụ ya na-elegharị anya na mba ahụ, Beneker nọkwa na-achọsi ike dị ka onye nkuzi. <ref name="artnet" /> Ọ bụ ebe na ihe ndị ọrụ ya na ọrụ ihe bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya, a na-ahụta ịhụ ala ya maka ike ha.. <ref name="boston">{{Cite news|work=Boston Globe|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2003/08/29/museums_exhibits_celebrate_provincetowns_artistic_heritage/|title=Museum's exhibits celebrate Provincetown's artistic heritage|first=Cate|author=McQuaid|date=2003-08-29|accessdate=2011-11-18|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225211/http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2003/08/29/museums_exhibits_celebrate_provincetowns_artistic_heritage/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="askart" />Na mgbakwunye, ihe atụ Beneker nọmba n'ihe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ iri 15111111 Scientific American na Harper's Weekly .  [1] A mara ya maka mgbasa ozi ncha ncha ya. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|Gerrit Albertus Beneker}} * {{Cite journal|title=Gerrit Beneker's Labor Posters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J1HrAAAAMAAJ&q=beneker&pg=PA479-IA3|journal=The American Magazine of Art|volume=IX|date=October 1918|issue=12|pages=479–482}} * {{Cite journal|title=Art – A Constructive Force|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vz8EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA377|journal=The American Magazine of Art|volume=X|date=August 1919|issue=10|pages=377–385}} fstgnd384e9bja4u2he6rn7h66bd5mk 0 47818 727641 172322 2026-09-24T14:33:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=|caption=}} Edward Brodney (Eprel 15, 1910 - Ọgọst 3, 2002) bụ onye omenkà America, ngwaọrụ maka nri ya na ụzọ nke Agha IIwa nke ebe .  [1] [2] Amụrụ ma ụgbọ ya na Boston, Massachusetts, nwa nwoke onye na-akụ azụ̀ kwabatara.  Otu n'ime ihe asaa, nwanne nwoke nwoke ya bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Oscar Brodney . Na 1936, Brodney eri nke Federal Works Progress Administration na-ese ihe osise na Massachusetts State House .  [1] Ọ na-ese ihe osise na Newton, MA State House, na nke abụọ ka e nwee na Massachusetts State House. Ede pụtara Brodney na Agha mgbochi nke, ma jee ozi na South Pacific.  N'ịbụ onye na-eje ozi dị ka nghọta, ọ na-ese ndị agha ihe n'ihe omume ha na-eme kwa ụbọchị.  Foto ndị dị na ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya iji gosipụta iketa 2007 na-egosi ndị ọrụ na-arụzi ozi ọrụ, na-ebu ihe ndị dị n'okiri mmiri, na-agbaba n'ụdị osimiri, na-ekpori ndụ ụbọchị ezumike.  ha. <ref name="globe">{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2007/05/27/images_of_war_in_vivid_color/|title=Images of war in vivid color|accessdate=2009-11-26|author=Green, Kristin|date=2007-05-27|publisher=The Boston Globe|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024204331/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2007/05/27/images_of_war_in_vivid_color/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-alọta n'agha ahụ, ọ mepere ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na Boston wee ncheta na-ese ihe.  ugboro ugboro nke ọrụ ya mechara ndị mmadụ na-ekpori ndụ Boston Public Garden, egwu, na ndị na-egwu polo.  Brodney mechara n'ihi ihe okike mgbe ọ dị afọ 92 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/2283/Artist-Edward-Brodney--92--Dies#.XrL6thNKjVo|title=Artist Edward Brodney, 92, Dies}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} 64v4t69lta7d2tnmg9mb3tjhlxd0caj 0 47907 727894 172437 2026-09-25T10:19:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727894 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Joshua Nelson''' bụ onye America na-abụ abụ na onye nkuzi Hybrid . == Akụkọ ndụ == === ndabere === Joshua Nelson bụ onye oji na [[Jew|onye Juu]] na ọ na-akpọ aha "onyeisi nke ozioma kosher," na ọ kpọwo onwe ya "ọhụụ kacha njọ KKK ." Nne na nna ya ochie si [[Senegal]] kwaga US, o wee nwee mmasị na egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, mgbe ọ bi na Brooklyn . Mmasị ya dịgidere mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Newark 's Performing Arts High School. Nelson bụ onye ọka iwu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị maka afọ 4 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu mee kọleji afọ 2 na mmemme kibbutz n'Izrel na-agụ akwụkwọ na kọleji Hibru Union yana mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem . Mgbe ọ na-aga Mahadum Hibru, ọ malitere ịgwakọta ihe odide Hibru na abụ ozi ọma na ịhazi ukwe ndị Juu n'ụdị ozi ọma, na-ebute CD solo dị ka "Hibru Soul" (2004) na "Mi Chamocha" (2005). Ndị nne na nna Nelson abụọ bụ ndị Juu, na ezinụlọ ya gara ụlọ nsọ n'ụlọ nzukọ ojii dị na Brooklyn, wee gbanwee na Sharey Tefilo-Israel, na South Orange, New Jersey, ụlọ nzukọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere aha na-emesapụ aka. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Schwied|first=Tanya|title=The Prince of Kosher Gospel|url=http://jlifeoc.com/the-prince-of-kosher-gospel/|work=JLife|date=29 March 2017|publisher=Orange County Jewish Life|accessdate=1 May 2017}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Bnai_Jeshurun_High_St_jeh.jpg|thumb| Hopewell Baptist]] === Ndị Juu na-abụ abụ === Nelson bụ ma onye Juu na-abụ abụ Oziọma na ọdịnala nke Mahalia Jackson, na onye nkuzi Hibru oge niile na ụlọ akwụkwọ Hibru na Sharey Tefilo-Israel, ụlọ nzukọ Reform na South Orange, NJ, mgbe ọ na-anọghị n'okporo ụzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2004/11/07/gospel_according_to_joshua_nelson/|work=The Boston Globe|title=Gospel according to Joshua Nelson|first=Karen|author=Campbell|date=2004-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035751/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2004/11/07/gospel_according_to_joshua_nelson/|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2024-06-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke egwu na Hopewell Baptist Church na Newark, NJ, nke dị n'ime ụlọ nke ụlọ nzukọ mbụ (bụ B'nai Jeshurun). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://joshuanelson.com/biography2.html|title=JOSHUA NELSON|date=November 20, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120020219/http://joshuanelson.com/biography2.html|archivedate=2008-11-20}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri === Emere ihe nkiri banyere Nelson nke isiokwu ya bụ ''Nọgidenụ na-eje ije: Joshua Nelson: The Jewish Gospel Singer'' (2000). A họpụtara ya akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na Northampton Film Festival, wee nweta ihe nrite ihe nkiri kacha mma ( [[Paul Robeson]] Award) na Newark Black Film Festival . === TV === Ihe kredit TV nke Nelson gụnyere “A+ maka ụmụaka” na WWOR-TV ; “SingSation,” ihe omume Oziọma e debere na [[Chicago]] ma gbasaa na mba na CBS -TV (1995–97, 2005); na Black Entertainment Television 's ''The Bobby Jones Gospel Hour'' (1995–2003). Nelson pụtakwara na ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', nke ewepụtara October 2004 na Disemba 2004. N'akụkụ Jamie Foxx, Oprah kpọrọ Mr. Nelson aha dị ka "Ihe Na-esote Nnukwu." == Ihe odide ala ala peeji == ụlọ nsọ n'ụlọ nzukọ ojii dị na Brooklyn, wee gbanwee na Sharey Tefilo-Israel, na South Orange, New Jersey, ụlọ nzukọ na-agbanwe agbanwe{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0625491 Joshua Nelson] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061205050714/http://joshuanelson.com/ Weebụsaịtị Joshua Nelson, gụnyere akụkọ] sitere na Chicago Tribune, The New York Times, na The Montreal Gazette * [http://njjewishnews.com/article/36785/nelsons-jewish-music-rooted-in-black-church Egwu ndị Juu nke Nelson gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ụka ojii] ''The New Jersey Jewish News'' [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rzexav7nj33hnzeulpu3y44fpgxrpjp 0 48166 727842 671983 2026-09-25T06:35:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727842 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''James Earl Hardy''' (amuru 1966 na Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York) bu onye ode akwukwo America, onye ode akwukwo na onye odeakụkọ. <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lambdaliterary.org/features/rem/07/21/james-earl-hardy-remembers-e-lynn-harris/|title=James Earl Hardy Remembers E. Lynn Harris|author=Hardy|first=James Earl|date=2010-07-21|work=Lambda Literary|accessdate=2018-08-04|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-elekarị anya dị ka onye mbụ gosipụtara akụkọ ịhụnanya nwoke na nwanyị nwoke na nwanyị na-eme n'ime [[Hip hop music|obodo hip-hop]], ihe odide ya bụ ihe e ji mara ya site na nyocha nke ahụmahụ LGBTQ nke Africa-American. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUIOAQAAMAAJ&q=james+earl+hardy+novelist+born+in|title=LGBTQ America Today: An Encyclopedia|author=Hawley|first=John C.|date=2008-11-30|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=9780313339905|language=en}}</ref> Ọrụ Hardy kacha mara amara bụ usoro ''B-Boy Blues'' . Usoro ''B-Boys Blues'' nwere akwụkwọ akụkọ isii na otu obere akụkọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aalbc.com/authors/author.php?author_name=James+Earl+Hardy|title=James Earl Hardy, Author Info, Published Books, Bio, Photo, Video, and More|work=AALBC.com, the African American Literature Book Club|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-04}}</ref> A gbanwere ''B-Boy Blues'' ka ọ bụrụ egwuregwu na 2013 yana n'ime ihe nkiri, nke Jussie Smollett duziri ma dee ya, na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/article/nn5020/jussie-smollett-makes-directorial-debut-with-b-boy-blues|title=Jussie Smollett Making Directorial Debut with Classic Novel 'B-Boy Blues'|work=[[BET]]|access-date=2024-06-14|archive-date=2024-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614231023/https://www.bet.com/article/nn5020/jussie-smollett-makes-directorial-debut-with-b-boy-blues|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hardy gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum St. John ma mesịa gaa n'ihu gụchaa na Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism na 1993. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2JpbAgAAQBAJ&q=james+earl+hardy+born+in+brooklyn&pg=PT568|title=Encyclopedia of African-American Literature|author=Samuels|first=Wilfred D.|date=2015-04-22|publisher=Infobase Learning|isbn=9781438140599|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="auto" />Site na 1992 ruo 1994, o dere maka ''izu ụka Entertainment'' dịka onye nta akụkọ egwu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/author/james-earl-hardy/|title=James Earl Hardy|work=EW.com|accessdate=2018-08-06|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * ''Ndị ikom nke Ụlọ: B-Boy Blues Novel'' (2018) * ''B-Boy Blues'' (2013) (egwu), Ogbe Ndịda Obodo Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ememme "Audience Award" mmeri * ''Ị nwere ike ịhụ ihe m na-ekwu?'' '': Akụkọ gbasara mmụọ'' (2012), Onye nturu ugo nturu ugo Egwurugwu maka kacha mma LGBT Erotica * "Nganga" (obere akụkọ), ''n'ihi na ụmụ nwoke nwere agba bụ ndị chere na igbu onwe ha mgbe egwurugwu na-ezughị ezu: Ịbịa nke Age, Na-apụta, na Ịbịa Ụlọ'' (2012) * "Ọ ka na-atọ Ya ụtọ?" (obere akụkọ), na ''Ndụ Visible: A Tribute To E. Lynn Harris'' nke [[Stanley Bennett Clay]] na Terrance Dean (2010), onye nhọpụta ihe nrite akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke African American Literary Award * ''Nkwupụta nke Homo Thug Porn Star'' (2010) (egwu), Ememme Ụlọ ihe nkiri Obodo Obodo "Best Dramatic Short" mmeri * ''Ụlọ abụghị Ụlọ: B-Boy Blues Novel'' (2005) * ''Hụrụ Onye Gị na Ya N'anya: B-Boy Blues Novel'' (2002) * ''Ụbọchị Eazy-E nwụrụ: Akwụkwọ akụkọ B-Boy'' (2001) * ''Fag Gags: Na-agụ Site, Maka & Banyere Ụmụaka'' (2000) (satire) * ''Ọ bụrụ naanị maka otu Nite'' (1998) (akwụkwọ akụkọ), American Library Association LGBT Caucus Honoree * ''Azụ 2 Azụ: Ihe Anthology na-egosi ndị na-ere ahịa kacha mma: B-Boy Blues na oge nke abụọ gburugburu'' (1997) * ''Oge nke abụọ gburugburu'' (1996) (akwụkwọ akụkọ) * ''Boyz II Men'' (1996) (biography) * "Were ụgbọ oloko 'A'" (obere akụkọ), na ''Shade: Anthology of Fiction site n'aka ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke nke Africa Descent'' (1996) * ''B-Boy Blues: Onye na-enwe mmekọahụ siri ike, na-akpa ọchị, akụkọ ịhụnanya ojii na-acha ojii'' (1994), onye ikpeazụ nke Lambda Literary Award (Lammy) maka aha LGBT/Small Press kacha mma. * ''Spike Lee'' (1991) (biography) == Ntụaka == mara ya site na nyocha nke ahụmahụ LGBTQ nke Africa-American. Ọrụ Hardy kacha mara amara bụ usoro B-B{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t9jg8l3o03mmsrn3c2khis50zpsffsw 0 48180 727730 698810 2026-09-24T21:35:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727730 wikitext text/x-wiki   George Marshall Cohen (August 4, 1919 - ọkọlọtọ 18, 1999) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na prọfesọ nka.  Ọ bụ onye otu ndị omenkà Monster Roster dabere na Chicago wee kuzie nka na Mahadum Northwwest . == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Ụlọ Cohen na August 4, 1919 na Chicago.  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago, ebe e nyere nhọrọ Isaacs na 1938-1939 na Coolbaugh Scholarship na 1939-1940.  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Art Students League nke New York na 1940. .Akwụsịla ọrụ Cohen n'etiti 1941 na 1946 ka ọ na-eje ozi na US Army na 63rd Reconnaissance Troop na European Theater of Operations .  Mgbe ọ gụchara BFA ya na Chicago Art Institute na 1946, Cohen gara Mahadum Drake nwa oge, ebe ọ ike akwụkwọ nka Liberal .  Na Mahadum Chicago, ọ rụchara ọrụ obibi maka MA na PhD na History of Art site na 1946 ruo 1948 == Ọrụ == .Na 1948, Cohen sonyeere ngalaba Mahadum Northwwest dị ka onye nkuzi nka.  A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ osote prọfesọ nka na 1952 na onye otu prọfesọ na 1958. Ọ na-ekiri prọfesọ zuru oke na 1963, ọnọdụ ọ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na 1984, mgbe ọ sere prọfesọ emeritus.  Dị ka onye prọfesọ ndị ọbịa ma ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe ndị ọbịa, Cohen ụdịkwara na Contemporary Art Workshop na Chicago na 1951, Institute of Related Art na Wilmette na 1951, Evanston Art Center site na 1951 ruo 1952, Institute of Design, Illinois Institute  nke teknụzụ sitere na 1956 ruo 1957, na Minneapolis Museum of Art, 1963 Na Mahadum Northwwest, Cohen bụ onye isi oche na onye nkuzi ngalaba iche.  Ọtụtụ ihe nrite ndị na-enye nrite Copley, National Foundation of Arts Award, onyunyo Ford Arts Council, nyere Guggenheim na nri nri nri afọ 150th nke Illinois. Cohen dere oge na-achọpụta maka ịdị iche iche.  O ọtụtụ nwere ihe ngosi nke otu onye ma sonye na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ngosi òkù.  Enwere ike ọrụ na mkpokọta na-adịgide ndụ, Museum of Contemporary Art, Museum of Modern Art na New York, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Carnegie Mellon Museum na Pittsbaurgh, Minneapolis Museum of American Arts na Hirschhorn Collection.  na Washington, DC == Ndụ onwe onye == Cohen mụrụ onye na-ese ihe Constance Teander Cohen (February 11, 1921 - Febụwarị 14, 1995).  Ha na-agụ ọrụ ha ọnụ na ihe ngosi.  Ọ nwa nwoke, Paul E. Cohen na ụmụ abụọ, Frances Tietov na Susan Evans.  Cohen na eje ya, bi na Evanston ago afɔ nke 19 nto na nna, akwụkwọ, na ngwa egwu (abụọ n'ime ụmụ ha, Susan na Frances, bụ ndị oge ochie ochie.. == Omume nka == Cohen bụ onye ọrụ na mgbasa ozi agwakọta .  Otu akwụkwọ ngalaba Mahadum Northwwest na-nwe Cohen dị ka " onye na-agba ọsọ ndụ " onye "na-ahụ metaphysical na anụ ahụ iji ihe mgbakwunye nke oghere, oge na na-amụ".  [1] Cohen bụ onye nna Museum of Contemporary Art na Chicago.  N'etiti afọ iri ise, ọ bụkwa ihe nke " akwụkwọ Chicago ọhụrụ" nke ndị na-ese ihe Leon Golub, June Leaf na Cosmo Campoli .  Ha haziri ihe ngosi “Momentum Exhibitions” kwa afọ nke dọtara ozi nke ndị nkatọ New York.  (Lee mkpụbelata sitere na Akụkọ nka, Ọktoba 1955; Nkà, Jenụwarị 1955.) George Cohen bịara mara n'ime afọ iri anọ na iri ise maka ihe ndị ọrụ ya na ihe owuwu ya na ihe na-enyo enyo na ha.  A na-ewere ya dị ka nnukwu efere na onye na-agba ụta nke Chicago Imagists, yana onye Nkwado dị mkpa na mba na ike na ike na 50 na sixties.  Ọ natara ọtụtụ nri na ihe nrite, National Endowment for Arts na Guggenheim, na nka ya bụ nke ndị na-anakọta onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ yana Museum of Modern Art na New York, Art Institute of Chicago, na Carnegie Institute.  na Pittsburgh.  Otu n'ime isi ọrụ ya, " Agwọ ahụ Họrọ Adam na Iv " bụ na '59 òkù.  Mgbe njem 1960 gara Rome, Cohen nwere ike Etruscan na nkà Ịtali. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Roster: George Cohen|url=https://smartmuseum.uchicago.edu/blog/the-roster-george-cohen/|publisher=Smart Museum of Art|accessdate=July 13, 2021|language=en|date=June 10, 2016|archive-date=July 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713211601/https://smartmuseum.uchicago.edu/blog/the-roster-george-cohen/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cohen ọtụtụ afọ na Zabriskie Gallery na Charles Alan Gallery na New York yana Richard L. Feigen na Chicago na New York.  Ihe ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi kacha nso a bụ na 1981 na Art Institute of Chicago, na 1982 ọ tara ya na Frumkin Struve Gallery na Chicago. == Ntụaka == Faq{{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * https://web.archive.org/web/20070320175538/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n1_v53/ai_15383221 * * * * == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/surveys/chicago/northwestern-university/george-m-cohen-papers Ụlọ ihe nkiri Smithsonian] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240615044304/https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/6/resources/157 Ebe nchekwa ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ] * https://georgecohenartist.com/ kotlsowv48clddhximuo8p1wmsel7zj 0 48229 727858 671535 2026-09-25T07:44:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727858 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Jeffrey Wright''' (amuru Disemba 7, 1965) bu onye omekorita America. Ọ natala ọtụtụ nkwanye ugwu, gụnyere ihe nrite Primetime Emmy Award, Tony Award, na Golden Globe Award, na mgbakwunye na nhọpụta maka [[Academy Awards|ihe nrite Academy]] . Wright malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri ebe ọ nwetara ama ama maka ọrụ ya na mmepụta Broadway nke Tony Kushner 's ''Angels in America'' (1993), nke o nwetara Tony Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na egwuregwu . Ọ kwughachiri ọrụ ya na mmegharị nke miniseries 2003 HBO, na-enweta ihe nrite Primetime Emmy Award maka onye na-akwado onye na-eme ihe ngosi pụtara ìhè na usoro ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri nwere oke . Ọrụ ihe nkiri izizi ya bụ [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]] na ''Basquiat'' (1996). Ihe nkiri ya ndị ọzọ ama ama gụnyere ''Shaft'' (2000), ''Syriana'' (2005), ''Lady in the Water'' (2006), ''Cadillac Records'' (2008), ''The Ides of March'' (2011), na ''Rustin'' (2023). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ihe nkiri Wes Anderson ''The French Dispatch'' (2021), na ''Asteroid City'' (2023), wee kpọọ Felix Leiter na ihe nkiri ''James Bond'' ''Casino Royale'' (2006), ''Quantum of Solace'' (2008), na ''Ọ nweghị oge ịnwụ.'' (2021), Beetee Latier na fim ''The Hunger Games'', na Jim Gordon na ''The Batman'' (2022). Ọ nwetara nhọpụta maka ihe nrite Academy Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma maka arụmọrụ ya na ''akụkọ ifo America'' (2023). Wright nwetara otuto maka ọrụ ya dị ka Valentin Narcisse na usoro HBO ''Boardwalk Empire'' (2013 – 2014) na onye mmemme robot Bernard Lowe na usoro HBO ''Westworld'' (2016 – 2022), nke ikpeazụ nwetara ya nhọpụta Primetime Emmy Award atọ. Ọ gbakwara egwu dị ka Isaac Dixon na egwuregwu vidiyo ''The Last of Us Part II'' (2020) na Watcher in the Marvel Studios animated series ''what if...?'' (2021 - dị ugbu a). == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Wright na Disemba 7, 1965 na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] . Nne ya bụ onye ọka iwu kọstọm na nna ya nwụrụ mgbe Jeffrey bụ nwata. <ref name="nyt">. {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/77607/Jeffrey-Wright/biography|title=Jeffrey Wright|accessdate=June 2, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025093446/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/77607/Jeffrey-Wright/biography|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2013|archivedate=October 25, 2013}} </ref> <ref>Stated on ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', January 14, 2020</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na St. Albans School wee gaa Amherst College, na-enweta akara ugo mmụta bachelor na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-eme atụmatụ ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu, mana ọ họọrọ kama ịmụ ihe. Mgbe ọ gachara mmemme mmemme MFA na New York University Tisch School of Arts maka ọnwa abụọ na 1988, ọ hapụrụ ka ọ pụta na ''Les Blancs'' na Arena Stage tupu ya ebufe ya na Huntington Theater Company wee kpebie ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri oge niile. . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/02/12/barren-blancs/a0180a71-edaa-49e8-98d3-f5af1d211863/|title=Barren 'Blancs'|work=[[The Washington Post]]|first=David|author=Richards|date=February 12, 1988|accessdate=December 6, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-stage-jeffreywright/jeffrey-wright-preens-in-19th-century-new-orleans-idUSTRE6AM0DV20101123|title=Jeffrey Wright Preens in 19th Century New Orleans|publisher=[[Reuters]]|first=Simi|author=Horwitz|date=November 22, 2010|accessdate=December 6, 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === 1990–2003: Ọrụ ihe nkiri na ''ndị mmụọ ozi na America'' === [[Usòrò:Jeffrey_Wright_cropped_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Wright na Ememme Nkiri Tribeca na Eprel 28, 2007]] Wright malitere ịpụta Off-Broadway na New York City na Washington, DC Na 1990, ọ pụtara na fim mbụ ya dị ka onye ọka iwu na ihe nkiri iwu Alan J. Pakula ''Presumed Innocent'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bamigboye|first=Baz|date=2024-01-12|title=‘American Fiction’ Star Jeffrey Wright On The Birth Of His Acting Dream, Learning Respect On Set From Harrison Ford And His Take On A Black Bond|url=https://deadline.com/2024/01/american-fiction-jeffrey-wright-interview-1235709175/|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 1991, o sonyeere John Houseman 's National Touring Repertory Company The Acting Company na mmepụta nke ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Britton|first=James|date=2014-03-03|title=The Acting Company: Where Are They Now?|url=https://convocations.purdue.edu/the-acting-company-where-are-they-now/|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=Purdue Convocations|language=en-US}}</ref> na Athol Fugard 's ''Blood Knot'' . Na 1993 na 1994, ọ pụtara dị ka Norman "Belize" Arriaga na egwuregwu Tony Kushner nwetara ihe nrite ''Angels in America'' . <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Shattuck|first=Kathryn|date=2019-09-06|title=Jeffrey Wright on ‘The Goldfinch,’ ‘Westworld’ and James Bond|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/06/movies/jeffrey-wright-goldfinch.html|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ya banyere nọọsụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke manyere ilekọta Roy Cohn ka ọ na-anwụ n'ihi [[HIV/AIDS|ọrịa AIDS]] nwetara ya Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play . <ref name=":0" /> O nwekwara obere ọrụ na fim ''Jumpin 'na Boneyard'' (1992), ''Faithful'' (1996), na ''Nlekọta Critical'' (1997). O mere onye ọbịa na George Lucas 's ''Young Indiana Jones Chronicles'' dị ka Sidney Bechet na ''igbu ọchụ: Ndụ n'okporo ụzọ'' na mmalite ruo ngwụsị 1990s. Na 1996, Wright gbara ama na ọrụ mbụ ya na-eduzi ihe nkiri, na-egosi onye na-ese ihe [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]] na ihe nkiri ahụ ''Basquiat'', iji nweta nkwanye ùgwù dị egwu. Onye nkatọ Roger Ebert toro Wright dị ka "[na-enye] arụmọrụ nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe omimi dị omimi". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/basquiat-1996|title=Basquiat|work=Rogerebert.com|accessdate=June 13, 2023}}</ref> Maka arụmọrụ ya, ọ nwetara onyinye onyinye mmụọ independent maka nhọpụta arụmọrụ mpụta kacha mma . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Tenreyro|first=Tatiana|date=2024-02-26|title=Spirit Awards: Jeffrey Wright Says "Nobody Wanted to Finance" ‘American Fiction’ Initially|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/independent-spirit-awards-2024-american-fiction-jeffrey-wright-1235835770/|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ime 1990s na mmalite 2000s, ọ pụtara na ọrụ na fim ndị dị ka Woody Allen 's satirical comedy ''Celebrity'' (1998), na Ang Lee 's western ''Ride with the Devil'' (1999). === 2004–2015: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri tọrọ ntọala === [[Usòrò:Jeffrey_Wright_(36224441065).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Wright na 2017 San Diego Comic-Con]] Na 2004, ọ pụtara na Jonathan Demme 's remake nke ''The Manchurian Candidate'', nke mere Meryl Streep na Denzel Washington . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeffrey Wright To Co-Star With Denzel Washington In Spike Lee’s "High and Low"|url=https://www.bet.com/article/6c9tpb/jeffrey-wright-to-co-star-with-denzel-washington-in-spike-lees-high-and-low|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=BET|language=en|archive-date=2024-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601195011/https://www.bet.com/article/6c9tpb/jeffrey-wright-to-co-star-with-denzel-washington-in-spike-lees-high-and-low|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na February 2005, Wright laghachiri na HBO Films na ''Lackawanna Blues'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-02-10|title=HBO's 'Lackawanna Blues': One Woman's Strength|url=https://www.wkyufm.org/npr-arts-life/npr-arts-life/2005-02-09/hbos-lackawanna-blues-one-womans-strength|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=WKU Public Radio {{!}} The Public Radio Service of Western Kentucky University|language=en}}</ref> Na 2005, ọ gbara onye ọka iwu Washington Bennett Holiday na ''Syriana'' na onye agbata obi [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] nke Bill Murray Winston na ''Broken Flowers'', nke ikpeazụ nwetara Wright onyinye onyinye mmụọ nnwere onwe maka nhọpụta nwoke na-akwado kacha mma . <ref name=":1" /> N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ gbakwara ama na egwuregwu a ''Nke a bụ otu o si aga'' wee pụta dị ka otu n'ime ndị nwe ụlọ na M. Night Shyamalan 's psychological thriller ''Lady in the Water'' (2006). Na 2006, ọ pụtara dị ka Felix Leiter na ihe nkiri James Bond ''Casino Royale'' . Ọ kwughachiri ọrụ ahụ na ''Quantum of Solace'' na ''enweghị oge ịnwụ'' . <ref>{{Cite news|title='Bell' man takes on Bond|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 2, 2008|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117978340.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|accessdate=January 2, 2008|first=Ed|author=Meza|archive-date=January 4, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104065434/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117978340.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, Wright gbara egwu na onye mbịarambịa mbuso agha suspense thriller ''The Invasion'' . Na 2008, o gosipụtara Colin Powell na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri biographical nke Oliver Stone ''W.'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeffrey Wright recalls not being able to fully embrace playing Colin Powell in 'W.'|url=https://ew.com/tv/2018/10/09/jeffrey-wright-colin-powell-w/|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=EW.com|language=en}}</ref> O gosipụtara Muddy Waters na ''Cadillac Records'', biopic, na-adabereghị na ịrị elu na ọdịda nke Chess Records . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-12-01|title=Jeffrey Wright: Angel, Agent, Blues Legend & More|url=https://radio.wcmu.org/2008-12-01/jeffrey-wright-angel-agent-blues-legend-more|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=WCMU Public Radio|language=en}}</ref> === 2016–2022: ''Westworld'' na ''akụkọ ifo America'' === [[Usòrò:Jeffrey_Wright_(48470887391).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Wright na 2019 San Diego Comic-Con]] O gosiputara Charles Ogletree na ihe nkiri HBO ''Confirmation'' (2016), na Bernard Lowe na HBO's ''Westworld'', nke ikpeazụ nwetara nhọpụta Primetime Emmy Award atọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeffrey Wright|url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/jeffrey-wright|work=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref> Na March 2017, Wright pụtara na azụmahịa maka Dell Teknụzụ . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/dell-claims-its-magic-is-more-powerful-that-apples/|work=CNET|first=Chris|author=Matyszczyk|title=Is Dell claiming it's better than all that Apple magic?|date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> Na 2018, Wright mere ihe nkiri ihe nkiri isii gụnyere ihe nkiri iwu kwadoro ''Monster'', ihe nkiri ''The Public'', Action comedy ''Game Night'' na mpụ ihe nkiri ''Age Out'' . O mere ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri HBO ''OG'' nke emere ihe nkiri kpamkpam na Pendleton Correctional Facility . Ọzọkwa, na 2018, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Netflix action thriller ''Hold the Dark'' nke malitere na Toronto International Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tallerico|first=Brian|title=Hold the Dark movie review &amp; film summary (2018) {{!}} Roger Ebert|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/hold-the-dark-2018|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=www.rogerebert.com/|language=en}}</ref> Na 2018, Wright mepụtara HBO akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Anyị Emebeghị Ma'', nke na-enye ụda olu ndị agha agha bụ ndị, site na USO-sponsored art workshop na Walter Reed National Military Hospital, chọpụta ike na ọgwụgwọ nke ahụmahụ na-ekerịta iji jikọta na ịchọta ike dị na ya. ihu nke nrụgide post-traumatic . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/off-duty/military-culture/2018/11/12/new-hbo-documentary-puts-a-face-to-the-complexities-of-veteran-struggles-with-ptsd/|title=New HBO documentary puts a much-needed face to complex veteran struggles with PTSD|author=Simkins|first=J. D.|date=2018-11-15|work=Military Times|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-03}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, Wright gbara egwu na HBO 's ''OG'', ihe nkiri banyere otu nwoke na-eche mpụ ya n'oge gara aga ma na-akwado ịhapụ ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ gasịrị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=I'm in Prison—And on HBO|url=https://www.themarshallproject.org/2019/02/28/i-m-in-prison-and-on-hbo|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=The Marshall Project}}</ref> Ọ bụ Madeleine Sackler duziri ihe nkiri a, wee sere ya kpamkpam na Pendleton Correctional Facility dị nso Indianapolis, [[Ndiánà|Indiana]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Travers|first=Ben|date=2019-02-23|title='O.G.' Review: Jeffrey Wright Awes in a Meditative HBO Film Shot in a Working Prison|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/02/og-hbo-movie-review-jeffrey-wright-1202045861/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=IndieWire|language=en}}</ref> A gbagburu ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị mkpọrọ na ndị ọrụ na-ewe ọrụ dị ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri ahụ, gụnyere Wright's co-star, Theotus Carter, onye na-egwu Beecher, onye mkpọrọ tọrọ Louis, (àgwà Wright) na-ewere n'okpuru nku ya, nke. na-eyi ụbọchị mwepụta Louis egwu. N'oge agbapụ, Wright na-eche mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka onye mkpọrọ site n'aka ezigbo ndị mkpọrọ na ndị nche ndị ọzọ. Ihe nkiri a rụrụ na HBO na February 25, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Travers|first=Ben|date=2019-02-28|title=Jeffrey Wright Made 'O.G.' in a Working Prison to Show the Thin Line Between Us and Them|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/02/jeffrey-wright-prisoner-hbo-og-o-g-interview-madeleine-sackler-1202047881/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=IndieWire|language=en}}</ref> Nick Paumgarten nke ''New Yorker'' kwuru, "Ihe ngosi a siri ike nke ukwuu, ma ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-ahapụ onwe ha (karịsịa Jeffrey Wright, onye na-egwu Louis, 'OG' nke aha, onye mkpọrọ meworo agadi na njedebe nke ịtọhapụ ya. ) na ndị neophytes a tụrụ mkpọrọ." Ben Kenigsberg nke ''New York Times'' kwuru, sị, "Jeffrey Wright na-enye ọgaranya, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye bụbu 'onyeisi obodo' nke Pendleton Correctional Facility." <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kenigsberg|first=Ben|date=2018-04-17|title=17 Movies to Enjoy for the Tribeca Film Festival's 17th Edition|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/17/movies/tribeca-film-festival-top-movies.html|accessdate=2020-08-26}}</ref> Na 2019, o mere na Steven Soderbergh duziri Netflix comedy-drama ''The Laundromat'' starring Meryl Streep, Antonio Banderas, na Gary Oldman . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Fear|first=David|date=2019-09-26|title='The Laundromat' Review: Power, Corruption and A-List Celebrities|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-reviews/the-laundromat-movie-review-soderbergh-meryl-streep-888728/|accessdate=2024-06-01|work=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ mekwara ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri John Crowley ''The Goldfinch'' nke na-eme Nicole Kidman, Sarah Paulson, na Finn Wolfhard . <ref name=":0" /> Wright gbara egwu na egwuregwu vidiyo ''The Last of Us Part II'' dị ka Isaac, ndị isi nke Washington Liberation Front. E wepụtara egwuregwu a na June 19, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Last of Us Part 2 voice actors and cast|url=https://www.shacknews.com/article/118832/the-last-of-us-part-2-voice-actors-and-cast|author=Hawkins|first=Josh|work=[[Shacknews]]|date=June 22, 2020}}</ref> Wright na-ekwupụta olu onye nche na usoro ihe nkiri Disney + ''gịnị ma ọ bụrụ…?'' (2021), nke edobere na Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeffrey Wright to Play The Watcher in Marvel's 'What If...?' Animated Series|url=https://www.thewrap.com/jeffrey-wright-to-play-the-watcher-in-marvels-what-if-animated-series|work=[[TheWrap]]|author=Welk|first=Brian|date=July 20, 2019|accessdate=October 27, 2021}}</ref> === Igwe onyonyo === === Ụlọ ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable unsortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Odee ! Ebe |- | rowspan="2" | 1993 | ''Ndị mmụọ ozi nọ na America: Millennium nso nso'' | Belize / Mr. Ụgha | rowspan="2" | Tony Kushner | rowspan="2" | Walter Kerr Ụlọ ihe nkiri, Broadway |- | ''Ndị mmụọ ozi na America: Perestroika'' | Belize / Maazị Ụgha /<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Council of Principalities |- | 1996 | ''Weta 'da Noise, Weta 'da Funk'' | Da Voice | Reg E. Gaines | rowspan="2" | Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ambassador, Broadway |- | 2002 | ''Topdog/ Underdog'' | Lincoln | Ogige ntụrụndụ Suzan-Lori |- | 2010 | ''Nwoke nwere agba'' | Jacques Cornet | John Guare | Vivian Beaumont Ụlọ ihe nkiri, Broadway |} === Egwuregwu vidiyo === {| class="wikitable unsortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 2020 | ''Ikpeazụ nke Anyị Nkebi II'' | Isaac Dixon | Olu; Nakwa njide ngagharị |} === Audio === {| class="wikitable unsortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | rowspan="2" | 2021 | ''The Sandman: Act II'' | Akara aka | Anụ | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/sandman-act-ii-audible-premiere-date-james-mcavoy-returns-cast-1235024922/|title='The Sandman: Act II' on Audible Premiere Date Set, James McAvoy Returns to Lead Star-Studded Cast|work=Variety|author=Spangler|first=Todd|date=July 22, 2021|accessdate=October 27, 2021}}</ref> |- | ''Batman: ihe nkiri ihe nkiri'' | Batman/Bruce Wayne | Ọdịnaya Ribbon Blue | |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Jeffrey Wright at the Internet Broadway Database * {{IMDb name|942482|Jeffrey Wright}} * Jeffrey Wright at AllMovie {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[David Hedison]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Felix Leiter]] actor|years=2006 – 2021}} {{s-inc||rows=2}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ben McKenzie]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Jim Gordon (character)|Commissioner Gordon actor]]|years=2021 – present}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7hh5030p0l0tjhrz51rstygwnyo0wv8 0 48243 727879 172896 2026-09-25T09:10:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727879 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">John Daniels</div> |- class="infobox-data" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Amụrụ | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline"> Johnathan Daniels</div><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> 1945 (afọ&nbsp;&#x2013; )<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline"> [[Gary, Indiana]], Njikota Obodo Amerika</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Ọrụ | class="infobox-data role" | |} {{Databox}}'''Johnathan Daniels''' (amụrụ 1945), onye ama ama dị ka '''John Daniels''', bụ onye America bụbu onye omere, onye na-ede abụ, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nwe klọb. == Akụkọ ndụ == Amụrụ ma zụlite na Gary, Indiana, Daniels gara Mahadum Butler . === Nnweta klọb === ''Maverick's Flat'' bụbu ụlọ akwụkwọ ịgba egwu Arthur Murray . Ejiri ya na sofas na-adịghị mma na tebụl tile enyo enyo n'oge ngwụcha 1960s. Na 1966 Ọnwụnwa ahụ dị maka mmeghe wee kwuo ya  na hit ha " Psychedelic Shack " bụ maka ụlọ ọgbakọ. Onye na-egwu bọl na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jim Brown nyeere Daniels aka ma nkwado ego na nkwalite. <ref>Black Is the New White By Paul Mooney [https://books.google.com/books?id=mb_nZD9euC0C&dq=John+Daniels+Maverick+Flats&pg=PT24 Chapter 4 ("Second page")]</ref> === Egwu === Daniels na nwunye ya, Gwen Brisco, jikwaa otu Disco Soul otu akpọrọ The Love Machine. <ref>Soul Train Website [http://soultrain.com/2014/03/24/diary-ex-soul-train-dancer-wanda-fuller-robinson/ Diary of an Ex-Soul Train Dancer: Wanda Fuller Robinson]</ref> Otu ọzọ e jikọtara ya na ya bụ nke o jikọtara ọnụ. Otu ''DeBlanc'' gosipụtara Linda Carriere na Nidra Beard. Tinyere ịgagharị na United States, otu ahụ gara Japan, Europe na Canada. N'ikpeazụ ọ mebiri na ajị agba na Carriere, ọ ghọrọ ''Starfire'' . Linda Carriere na Nidra Beard so na usoro ndị otu ahụ. Na mbụ n'ọrụ ya, Daniels bụbu onye na-ede abụ nwere ndekọ Capitol </link> . === Ebe e si nweta === * Igwe ịhụnanya - ''Igwe ịhụnanya'' - Philips - 63 70 725 - 1975 - (Onye nrụpụta ọrụ) <ref>Discogs [http://www.discogs.com/Love-Machine-The-Love-Machine/release/4488019 Love Machine* – The Love Machine]</ref> * Igwe ịhụnanya ahụ - ''nwee mmetụta ịhụnanya'' - Victor - VIP-6405 - 1977 - (Onye na-emepụta ihe na nhazi) <ref>Discogs [http://www.discogs.com/Love-Machine-Feel-The-Love/release/1650074 Love Machine, The – Feel The Love]</ref> === Ọrụ ihe nkiri === Daniels nwere onye ndu na ''The Candy Tangerine Man'' (1975) ebe ọ na-egwuri pimp-n'abalị na ezinụlọ-nwoke-site-ụbọchị. Na ''Black Shampoo'' (1976), Daniels na-akpọ Jonathan, onye na-edozi isi nke nwoke na-akwa iko. Onye isi Greydon Clark sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ihe nkiri 1975 ''Shampoo'', n'ihe a hụrụ na ọ bụ usoro ịme ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri nke na-ama ụma na-akwado ihe nkiri ndị gara aga nke na-eme ihe nkiri na-acha ọcha na-emepụta ihe nkiri African American. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Strausbaugh|first=John|date=2007|title=Black Like You: Blackface, Whiteface, Insult & Imitation in American Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5TH3Smr8FcC&dq=black+shampoo+movie&pg=PA261|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=9780312131494}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Rausch|first=Andrew J.|date=2009|title=Reflections on Blaxploitation: Actors and Directors Speak|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=LofIsZJPfEcC&dq=John+Daniels+black+shampoo&pg=PA42|publisher=Scarecrow Press|chapter=Greydon Clark|pages=42–45|isbn=9780810867062}}</ref> Daniels nwekwara ọrụ dị ka Black na ''Bare Knuckles'' (1977), ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke gosipụtara Robert Viharo, Sherry Jackson na Gloria Hendry . <ref>New York Times [https://web.archive.org/web/20140417111020/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/3939/Bare-Knuckles/cast Bare Knuckles (1977) Acting Credits]</ref> === Igwe onyonyo === * 1969 : ''The Virginian (usoro ihe onyonyo)'' : saison 7 Episode 20 ''(The land Dreamer)'' : William McKinkey == Ebe e si nweta == '''Ihe nkiri''' * ''Na-agafe'' .... Mike Barnett (1981) * ''Nke pụtara Dog Blues'' .... Yakima Jones (1978) * ''Ụkwụ ụkwụ efu'' .... Nwa (1977) * ''Black Shampoo'' .... Maazị Jonathan (1976) * ''Nwoke Candy Tangerine'' .... Baron/Ron Lewis (1975) * ''Nlekọta ịhụnanya dị nro'' .... Jackie (1974) * ''Mgbe bọọlụ gachara'' (1969) == Ntụaka == n'ihe a hụrụ na ọ bụ usoro ịme ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri nke na-ama ụma na-akwado ihe nkiri ndị gara{{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|0199986}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070205234350/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/U1471321 Bit of info by DayVee at BBC website] * John Daniels discography at Discogs * John R. Daniels at Rotten Tomatoes [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2qninulk3f3gx6ercmxz8pv5pv44z9s 0 48356 727852 707082 2026-09-25T07:14:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=|office=Chief medical officer and state epidemiologist for community health, [[Wisconsin Department of Health Services]]|status=<!--If this is specified, overrides Incumbent.-->|termstart=May 2021|termend=<!-- Add data only when the actual term has ended, not for terms which will end in the future. (Per usage guideline.) -->}} {{Databox}}'''Jasmine Y. Zapata''' bụ dibịa bekee na ọrịa na-efe efe nke America. Ọ bụ onye isi ahụike na onye ọrịa na-efe efe steeti maka ahụike obodo na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ahụike Wisconsin . Ọrụ ya gụnyere ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụaka, onye nyocha ahụike ọha, onye osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Wisconsin, onye edemede, na nkwado ya maka ike ndị ntorobịa na atụmatụ dị iche iche. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A zụlitere Zapata na koodu zip 53224 na Milwaukee, Wisconsin, <ref name="Haines 2021">{{Cite news|author=Haines|first=Stephanie|title='I wasn't sure there wasn't any hope in sight': Milwaukee hospital workers reflect on one year since COVID-19 pandemic began|url=https://www.tmj4.com/news/coronavirus/i-wasnt-sure-there-wasnt-any-hope-in-sight-milwaukee-hospital-workers-reflect-on-one-year-since-covid-19-pandemic-began|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[WTMJ-TV]]|date=March 17, 2021}}</ref> na tupu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, biri n'ụlọ dị nso na N. 90th Street na W. Good Hope Road tupu nne na nna ya alụkwaghịm. <ref name="Johnson 2021">{{Cite news|author=Johnson|first=Mark|title=Empty Cradles: Is stress to blame for preterm births?|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/empty-cradles-is-stress-to-blame-for-preterm-births/ar-AANBsGM|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|publisher=MSN|date=August 23, 2021|quote=This story was originally published April 16, 2011. It is a part of the series Empty Cradles.}}</ref> Mgbe nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm, ọ kwagara n'ụlọ ya na nne ya, Julia Saffold, <ref name="Wahlberg 2021">{{Cite news|author=Wahlberg|first=David|title=Dane County leads state in COVID-19 vaccination, but racial disparities persist|url=https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/dane-county-leads-state-in-covid-19-vaccination-but-racial-disparities-persist/article_3233f8cc-af88-54d5-a63f-c357c8847dea.html|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]]|date=May 10, 2021}}</ref> na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, ha nwetara uru ọha na eze, gụnyere BadgerCare, mkpuchi ahụike ọha na eze na Wisconsin. <ref name="Johnson 2021" /> Zapata bụ valedectorian na ngụsị akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, wee nata akwụkwọ mmụta Burke site na Mahadum Marquette ịga Marquette University College of Health Sciences. <ref name="Schmick 2019">{{Cite news|author=Schmick|first=Andrea|title=Jasmine Zapata aims to empower communities to aid prevention|url=https://www.med.wisc.edu/quarterly/volume-21-number-1/jasmine-zapata-aims-to-empower-in-health-care/|accessdate=25 September 2021|work=Quarterly magazine|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health]]|date=June 11, 2019}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ di ya bụ Miguel Zapata na 2006. <ref name="Schmick 2019" /> N'afọ 2007, nwanne ya nwoke bụ Aaron nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 site na ọrịa akwụkwụ. <ref name="Wahlberg 2021" /> Zapata gụchara nzere bachelọ na Health Sciences na Mahadum Marquette na 2009. <ref name="Marquette">{{Cite news|title=Young Alumna of the Year Award|url=https://alumni.marquette.edu/awards/recipients/zapata|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=Marquette University}}</ref> Ọ nakweere Advanced Opportunity Fellowship ịga Mahadum nke Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. <ref name="Schmick 2019" /> Na 2010, n'ime afọ nke abụọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike, ọ nwetara ọmụmụ nwa ya nwanyị, <ref name="Johnson 2021" /> onye amụrụ na izu 25 wee lanarị. <ref name="VanEgeren 2020">{{Cite news|author=VanEgeren|first=Jessica|title=Part Two: Systemic Racism In Health Care|url=https://upnorthnewswi.com/2020/06/16/systemic-racism-plagues-healthcare-in-wisconsin-the-results-are-deadly-for-black-patients/|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=Up North News|date=July 6, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Schmick 2019" /> Nwa ya nwanyị nọrọ ọnwa 3 na ngalaba nlekọta ahụike nwa ọhụrụ, ahụmahụ ahụ mere ka Zapata lekwasị anya n'ọrụ ya na ahụike nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ụmụ ọhụrụ, yana ọdịiche dị na usoro nlekọta ahụike. <ref name="Wojcik 2021">{{Cite news|author=Wojcik|first=Marisa|title=With Wisconsin Disparities in Mind, Researchers and Advocates Reimagine Health Care for Black Mothers|url=https://pbswisconsin.org/news-item/with-wisconsin-disparities-in-mind-researchers-and-advocates-reimagine-health-care-for-black-mothers/|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[PBS Wisconsin]]|date=April 15, 2021}}</ref> Zapata nwetara akara ugo mmụta ahụike ya na 2013 na nna ya ukwu nke ogo ahụike ọha na 2017 site na Mahadum Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Inspired Empowerment|url=https://www.pediatrics.wisc.edu/inspired-empowerment/|accessdate=25 September 2021|work=Department of Pediatrics, [[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health]]|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]]|date=February 1, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Schmick 2019" /> Ọ dechara ebe obibi ya na Mahadum Wisconsin Hospital na Clinics. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jasmine Y. Zapata, MD|url=https://www.uwhealth.org/providers/jasmine-y-zapata-md#education-and-credentials|work=UWHealth|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health|UW School of Medicine and Public Health]]|accessdate=25 September 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Zapata rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụaka ụlọ ọgwụ UW Health na onye ụlọ ọgwụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na UnityPoint Health-Meriter, <ref name="WKOW 2021">{{Cite news|title=UW Health says Midwest is in critical need of convalescent plasma|url=https://wkow.com/2021/01/06/uw-health-says-midwest-is-in-critical-need-of-convalescent-plasma/|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[WKOW]]|date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=23 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923214054/https://wkow.com/2021/01/06/uw-health-says-midwest-is-in-critical-need-of-convalescent-plasma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> na dịka onye osote prọfesọ na Neonatology na ngalaba nọọsụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na Mahadum Wisconsin nke Ngalaba Pediatrics. <ref name="Wojcik 2021" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jasmine Zapata named chief medical officer, state epidemiologist|url=https://www.pediatrics.wisc.edu/jasmine-zapata-named-chief-medical-officer-state-epidemiologist/|work=Department of Pediatrics, [[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health]]|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]]|accessdate=25 September 2021|date=May 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="UW speaker bio">{{Cite web|title=Meet the Speakers: Jasmine Zapata, MD, MPH|url=https://www.pediatrics.wisc.edu/meet-the-speakers-jasmine-zapata-md-mph/|work=Department of Pediatrics, [[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health]]|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]]|accessdate=25 September 2021|date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> Nchọpụta ya na-elekwasị anya na agbụrụ agbụrụ na ọdịiche dị na nlekọta ahụike, <ref name="Wojcik 2021" /> <ref name="Garton 2020">{{Cite news|author=Garton|first=Nicholas|title=Racial disparities heightened with COVID-19 crisis|url=https://madison.com/ct/news/local/govt-and-politics/racial-disparities-heightened-with-covid-19-crisis/article_f4297f6f-df59-5e9d-b28e-1b8d6c92fd4b.html|accessdate=25 September 2021|work=[[The Capital Times]]|date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=23 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923214054/https://madison.com/ct/news/local/govt-and-politics/racial-disparities-heightened-with-covid-19-crisis/article_f4297f6f-df59-5e9d-b28e-1b8d6c92fd4b.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ma tinyewo ajụjụ ọnụ na ụmụ nwanyị ojii banyere ahụmahụ ha na usoro nlekọta ahụike iji nyere aka melite ọrụ nlekọta ahụike metụtara ime ime na nlekọta ụmụaka. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Harambee Village Doulas na African American Breastfeeding Alliance iji mepụta mmemme iji kwado ndị dị ime na ụmụ ọhụrụ. <ref name="VanEgeren 2020" /> == Ihe nrite na nnabata == * 2018 ATHENA Young Professional Award, The Business Forum <ref name="Dahmer 2018">{{Cite news|author=Dahmer|first=David|title=Dr. Jasmine Zapata Wins 2018 ATHENA Young Professional Award|url=https://madison365.com/dr-jasmine-zapata-wins-2018-athena-young-professional-award/|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[Madison365]]|date=November 2, 2018}}</ref> * 2019-20 Ụmụ nwanyị mara mma nke Agba Honoree, Mahadum nke Wisconsin – Madison <ref>{{Cite news|title=Outstanding Women of Color honored at UW-Madison|url=https://wkow.com/2020/03/05/outstanding-women-of-color-honored-at-uw-madison/|accessdate=25 September 2021|work=[[WKOW]]|date=March 5, 2020|archive-date=25 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925003410/https://wkow.com/2020/03/05/outstanding-women-of-color-honored-at-uw-madison/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2020 Wisconsin Medical Society Foundation's Superhero of Medicine Award <ref name="Dahmer 2020">{{Cite news|author=Dahmer|first=David|title=Wisconsin Medical Society Foundation presents Dr. Jasmine Zapata with 2020 "Superhero of Medicine" award|url=https://madison365.com/wisconsin-medical-society-foundation-presents-dr-jasmine-zapata-with-2020-superhero-of-medicine-award/|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[Madison365]]|date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> * 2021 Mahadum Marquette Alumna Young Alumna nke Afọ <ref name="Marquette" /> * 2021 parade marshal na Juneteenth ememe na Madison, Wisconsin <ref name="Worland 2021">{{Cite news|author=Worland|first=Gayle|title='Black resilience' theme of this year's Juneteenth celebration|url=https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/black-resilience-theme-of-this-years-juneteenth-celebration/article_6fabbfb8-904f-51d4-8edc-b84dffb61555.html|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[Wisconsin State Journal]]|date=June 14, 2021}}</ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == * {{Cite book|author=Zapata|first=Jasmine|title=She Conquered|date=2016|publisher=Jasmine Zapata|isbn=978-0998053011}}<ref name="Dahmer 2018"/> * {{Cite book|author=Zapata|first=Jasmine|title=Beyond Beautiful: A Girl's Guide to Unlocking the Power of Inner Beauty, Self Esteem, Resilience, and Courage|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780998053028|date=2017|publisher=Motivational M.D. Enterprises, LLC|isbn=9780998053028}} == Ndụ onwe onye == Zapata nwere ụmụ atọ ya na di ya bụ́ Miguel. <ref name="Schmick 2019" /> Gburugburu Ekele 2020, Zapata, nne ya, di, na otu n'ime ụmụ ya atọ nwalere ihe dị mma maka COVID-19 . <ref name="Worland 2021"/> <ref name="Haines 2021" /> Mgbe ha gbakechara, Zapata na di ya nyere onyinye plasma convalescent . <ref name="Tomei 2021">{{Cite news|author=Tomei|first=Savanna|title=COVID Survivors' Plasma Needed Before Vaccine Distribution Goes Wide|url=https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/coronavirus/2021/01/07/covid-survivors--plasma-needed-before-vaccine-distribution-goes-wide-|accessdate=24 September 2021|work=[[NY1]]|date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="WKOW 2021" /> <ref name="Haines 2021" /> Nnukwu nwanne nne ya nwụrụ site na COVID-19. <ref name="Wahlberg 2021" /> A gbara Zapata na nne ya ọgwụ ọnụ na Machị 2021. <ref name="Wahlberg 2021" /> == Ntụaka == anya na agbụrụ agbụrụ na ọdịiche dị na nlekọta ahụike, ma tinyewo ajụjụ ọnụ na ụmụ nwanyị ojii banyere ahụmahụ ha na usoro nlekọta ahụike iji nyere aka melite ọrụ nlekọta ahụike metụtara ime ime{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6yc2mvdowjpipek9fmfykftxbausl3l 0 48365 727837 213408 2026-09-25T05:42:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Iyanla Vanzant|image=Iyanla Vanzant 2019.png|caption=Vanzant in 2019|occupation=Inspirational speaker, lawyer, spiritual teacher, author, TV personality|years_active=1980–present|birth_name=Rhonda Eva Harris|birth_date={{birth date and age|1953|9|13}}|birth_place=[[New York City]], U.S.|death_date=|death_place=|spouse=|children=3|education=[[Medgar Evers College|City University of New York, Medgar Evers]]<br>[[Virginia Union University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}<br>[[Queens College, City University of New York]] {{small|([[Juris Doctor|JD]])}}<br>University of Santa Monica {{small|([[Master of Arts|MA]])}}|website={{URL|http://www.iyanla.com/}}}} {{Databox}}'''Iyanla Vanzant''' (amụrụ '''Rhonda Eva Harris''' ; Septemba 13, 1953) bụ ọkà okwu mkpali America, ọka iwu, onye nkuzi ime mmụọ New Thought, onye ode akwụkwọ, onye nkuzi ndụ, na ụdị onyonyo. A maara ya nke ọma maka akwụkwọ ya, ihe ngosi okwu aha ya, na ihe ngosi ya na ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' . Site na 2012 ruo 2021, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ọbịa nke OWN 's ''Iyanla: Fix My Life'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=SIMMONS: Thanks, Iyanla, for a new reality on reality TV|work=Washington Times|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/sep/22/simmons-thanks-iyanla-for-a-new-reality-on-reality/?page=all|date=September 22, 2014|accessdate=2014-10-14|first=Deborah|author=Simmons}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Vanzant na Septemba 13, 1953, na azụ tagzi na Brooklyn, New York, dị ka Rhonda Eva Harris. Ọ bụ ada Sarah Jefferson, onye na-anya ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na Horace Harris. Nne ya nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa ara na 1955, mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ. Ọ bụ ndị ikwu nna zụlitere ya. Di mbụ ya na- akparị ya ma hapụ ya na 1980, kpọrọ ụmụ ya atọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Schinke|first=Birgit|title=Vanzant, Iyanla (1953-)|url=http://www.blackpast.org/aah/vanzant-iyanla-1953|work=BlackPast.org|date=27 March 2015|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 1983, e nyere ya aha "Iyanla", nke pụtara "ezigbo nne", ka e bidochara ma chie ya echichi dị ka onye ụkọchukwu n'ọdịnala ndị Yoruba (dị ka ekwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ telivishọn ya na ihe nkiri Conn Jackson). Ọ gara Medgar Evers College na Virginia Union University . Vanzant nwere akara Juris Dọkịta site na Mahadum City nke New York School of Law yana nzere Master si Mahadum Santa Monica (USM), Center for Study and Practice of Spiritual Psychology. Ọ na-ebi ugbu a na Upper Marlboro, Maryland . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Biography: Iyanla Vanzant|url=http://www.hayhouse.com/authorbio.php?id=108|publisher=[[Hay House]]|accessdate=2024-06-16|archivedate=2013-12-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217034031/http://www.hayhouse.com/authorbio.php?id=108}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ozi ọhụrụ e chiri echichi. <ref>Vanzant, I. (2008) ''Tapping the Power Within: A Path to Self-Empowerment for Women.'' Hay House, Inc. p 283.</ref> N'afọ 2000, a kpọrọ ya otu n'ime "100 ndị Black America kacha emetụta" nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Ebony'' kwuru, nke kwuru na "akwụkwọ ya, nkuzi ya na ihe ngosi telivishọn emeela ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu onye ụkọchukwu mgbasa ozi nke mmekọrịta ahụike." <ref>''Ebony'', May 1, 2000.</ref> Na 2012, e depụtara Vanzant na #7 na ndepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Watkins' Mind Body Spirit'' nke 100 ndị mmadụ nwere mmetụta ime mmụọ. <ref>"Watkins Mind Body Spirit", issue 29 2012, "100 Most Spiritually Influential Living People."</ref> Na 2014, ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu na njem Oprah nke "Life You Want Weekend", nke mere njem na obodo asatọ ma gosipụta Deepak Chopra, Mark Nepo, Elizabeth Gilbert, na Rob Bell . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oprah's 'The Life You Want' tour inspires thousands|work=[[The Grio]]|url=http://thegrio.com/2014/09/30/oprah-life-weekend-tour/|author=Lilly Workneh|date=September 30, 2014|accessdate=2014-10-14}}</ref> Na 2016, a kpọrọ Vanzant aha [[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah Winfrey's]] ''SuperSoul100'' nke ndị ọhụụ na ndị ndu nwere mmetụta. <ref>{{Cite news|date=1 Aug 2016|title=Meet the SuperSoul100: The World's Biggest Trailblazers in One Room|url=http://www.oprah.com/spirit/supersoul100-the-worlds-biggest-trailblazers-in-one-room|work=O Magazine|accessdate=5 Jul 2018}}</ref> Vanzant bụ onye na-asọpụrụ Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. N'ụbọchị ekeresimesi 2003, nwa nwanyị Vanzant dị afọ 30, Gemmia, nwụrụ site na ụdị ọrịa kansa eriri afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/4733248|title=The Words That Helped Iyanla Vanzant Cope with Tragic Loss|date=6 February 2014}}</ref> Na Julaị 30, 2023, Vanzant kwupụtara na nwa ya nwanyị nke ọdụdụ Nisa anwụọla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Iyanla Vanzant Announces Youngest Daughter Nisa Has Died|url=https://www.bet.com/article/l16mvl/iyanla-vanzant-youngest-daughter-nisa-dead|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=BET|language=en|archive-date=2023-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731175220/https://www.bet.com/article/l16mvl/iyanla-vanzant-youngest-daughter-nisa-dead|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vanzant na di ya, Yemi, gbara alụkwaghịm na 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/how-iyanla-vanzant-lost-her-marriage-house-and-fortune|title=Iyanla Vanzant: Back from the Brink|accessdate=2024-06-16|archivedate=2024-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607164921/https://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/how-iyanla-vanzant-lost-her-marriage-house-and-fortune}}</ref> == Filmografii na bibliography == na-anya ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na Horace Harris. Nne ya nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa ara na 1955, mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ. Ọ bụ ndị ikwu nna zụlitere ya. Di mbụ ya na- akparị ya ma hapụ ya na 1980, kpọrọ ụmụ ya atọ. N'afọ 1983 * ''Interiors: a black woman's healing--in progress''. Writers and Readers, 1995. {{ISBN|0-86316-321-1}}. * ''The Big Book of Faith''. Simon & Schuster, 1997. {{ISBN|0-684-84999-2}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-684-84999-2|0-684-84999-2]]. * ''The spirit of a man: a vision of transformation for Black men and the women who love them''. HarperSanFrancisco, 1997. {{ISBN|0-06-251239-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-06-251239-0|0-06-251239-0]]. * ''Acts of Faith 1998: Thought-for-a-Day''. Simon & Schuster, 1997. {{ISBN|0-684-82411-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-684-82411-6|0-684-82411-6]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=B3r-08k9WqgC&q=Iyanla+Vanzant Faith in the Valley: Lessons for Women on the Journey to Peace]''. Simon & Schuster, 1998. {{ISBN|0-684-85048-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-684-85048-6|0-684-85048-6]]. * ''Don't Give It Away!: A Workbook of Self-Awareness and Self-Affirmations for Young Women''. with Almasi Wilcots. Simon & Schuster, 1999. {{ISBN|0-684-85048-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-684-85048-6|0-684-85048-6]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OKq9OVHLjjUC&q=Iyanla+Vanzant Yesterday, I Cried: Celebrating the Lessons of Living and Loving]''. Simon & Schuster, 1999. {{ISBN|0-684-87382-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-684-87382-6|0-684-87382-6]]. * ''One Day My Soul Just Opened Up: 40 Days And 40 Nights Toward Spiritual Strength And Personal Growth''. Simon & Schuster, 1999. {{ISBN|0-684-87383-4}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-684-87383-4|0-684-87383-4]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=16agJ40MsqkC&q=Iyanla+Vanzant In the Meantime: Finding Yourself and the Love You Want]''. Simon & Schuster, 2000. {{ISBN|0-684-86581-5}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-684-86581-5|0-684-86581-5]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq6K6iBQ3qEC&q=Iyanla+Vanzant Acts of Faith: Meditations for People of Color]''. Simon & Schuster, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7432-2646-1}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7432-2646-1|0-7432-2646-1]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yDJFacLWTHgC&q=Iyanla+Vanzant Value in the Valley: A Black Woman's Guide Through Life's Dilemmas]''. Simon & Schuster, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7432-2647-X}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7432-2647-X|0-7432-2647-X]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CTmgkLUxIAAC&q=Iyanla+Vanzant Living through the meantime: learning to break the patterns of the past and begin the healing process]''. Simon & Schuster, 2001. {{ISBN|0743227107}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0743227107|0743227107]]. * ''Iyanla Vanzant''. Simon & Schuster, Limited, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7432-2171-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7432-2171-0|0-7432-2171-0]]. * ''Until Today''. Hay House Inc, 2002. {{ISBN|1-56170-924-7}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-56170-924-7|1-56170-924-7]]. * ''Tips for Daily Living Cards: A 50-Card Deck''. Hay House Inc, 2002. {{ISBN|1-56170-939-5}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-56170-939-5|1-56170-939-5]]. * ''Every Day I Pray: Prayers for Awakening to the Grace of Inner Communion''. Pocket, 2002. {{ISBN|0-7434-5074-4}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7434-5074-4|0-7434-5074-4]]. * ''Up From Here: Reclaiming the Male Spirit: A Guide to Transforming Emotions Into Power and Freedom''. HarperCollins, 2003. {{ISBN|0-06-052250-X}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-06-052250-X|0-06-052250-X]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SnhAb-49uR8C&q=Iyanla+Vanzant Tapping the Power Within: A Path to Self-Empowerment for Women]''. Hay House, Inc, 2008. {{ISBN|1-4019-2188-4}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-4019-2188-4|1-4019-2188-4]]. * ''A Woman Knows Things''. Hay House UK, Limited, 2010. {{ISBN|1-4019-2192-2}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-4019-2192-2|1-4019-2192-2]]. * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mZrC68E4aNYC&q=Iyanla+Vanzant Peace from Broken Pieces: How to Get Through What You're Going Through]''. Hay House, Inc, 2010. {{ISBN|1-4019-2822-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-4019-2822-6|1-4019-2822-6]]. * ''Girls Trip'' Guest appearance * Trust: Mastering The 4 Essentials === Igwe onyonyo === * ''Iyanla (usoro ihe onyonyo onyonyo)'', onye ọbịa (2001-2002) * ''Malite n'ofe'', Ndụ nchịkwa (Oge 2 na 3) (2004-2006) * ''Oprah's Lifeclass'', Lifeclass Teacher, OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network (2011-2014), Onye mmeri nke Primetime Emmy Awards (2012-2013) * ''Iyanla, Dezie ndụ m'', onye ọbịa, ONYE: Oprah Winfrey Network (2012–2021) === Ihe ngosi ndị ọbịa TV === * 'Tavis Smiley' (29 Eprel 2004) na-egwu onwe ya * ''Moesha'' (8 May 2000) na ihe omume: "The Robbing Hood" (ihe omume # 5.20) na-egwu onwe ya * ''Ihe ngosi Chris Rock'' (8 October 1999) na-egwu onwe ya * ''Ihe ngosi Oprah Winfrey'' (mpụta 20 site na mmalite 1998 ruo etiti 1999) * ''Ihe ngosi nnu-N-Pepa'' (February 2008) * ''Ihe ngosi Oprah Winfrey'' (16 na 23 February 2011, na-ekwu maka ọpụpụ ya na Harpo Productions na 1999) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Iyanla Vanzant: Back from the Brink|url=http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/How-Iyanla-Vanzant-Lost-Her-Marriage-House-and-Fortune|date=February 23, 2011|publisher=[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]|accessdate=June 16, 2024|archivedate=June 7, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607164921/https://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/how-iyanla-vanzant-lost-her-marriage-house-and-fortune}}</ref> * ''Super Soul Sunday'' (9 na 16 Septemba 2012) * ''Katie'' (Septemba 27, 2012) * ''Anderson Live'' (Nọvemba 9, 2012) * ''Joy Behar: Kwuo ihe ọ bụla!'' (Nọvemba 21, 2012) * ''Ihe ngosi Dr. Oz'' (8 Eprel 2013) * ''Oprah Prime'' (Nọvemba 29, 2014) * ''Super Soul Sunday'' (Eprel 26, 2016) * ''Greenleaf'' (3 Ọktoba 2018) na Oge 3 Nkeji 6: "Ọ Na-agbanwe Ihe niile" * ''Bara uru Ezinụlọ Braxton'' Ememe Abụọ 2018 == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://happyquotes123.com/iyanla-vanzant-quotes/ Okwu Iyanla Vanzant] * {{IMDb name|0889395}} * [http://www.innervisionsworldwide.com/ Ọhụụ ime n'ụwa niile] * [http://www.mrmokelly.com/2013/11/mokellys-greatest-hits-mokelly-fixes-iyanla-vanzants-life-2010-audio/ Ajụjụ ọnụ na ihe ngosi redio Mo'Kelly] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iip5rs3lkjs2oc0vv8lvssw6vzycbnt 0 48545 727883 173366 2026-09-25T09:28:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727883 wikitext text/x-wiki John M. DeStefano (nwuru 8, 2008, na Naples, Florida [1] ) bụ onye ọkpụkpụ America, onye na-ese ihe na onye ọchụnta ego. Amụrụ na Avellino, Italy, ya na mpaghara ya kwagara Boston, Massachusetts mgbe ọ dị afọ isii.  DeStefano akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na North Bennett Street Industrial School wee akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Museum of Fine Arts mana a nyere ya obere mgbe awụ abụọ gachara n'ihi ego ego.. N'afọ 1933, mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ, DeStefano kere ihe nkedo bronze bas-relief akwụkwọ nke Franklin Delano Roosevelt nke dị na Roosevelt Room nke White House na ndị nduzi njem na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè.   Ndị isi obodo Boston bụ James Michael Curley na John F. Fitzgerald na ndị ọchụnta ego obodo abụọ nyere ego maka bronze na DeStefano iji gaa Washington DC iji nye onwe ya ọrụ ahụ na Roosevelt.   [1] Ọtụtụ n'ime isiokwu DeStefano ga-eme n'ahụ bụkwa nke obodo obodo N'oge mkpa mba n'obi, DeStefano ike ọrụ dị ka onye akwụkwọ nka na oru ngo maka obodo etiti Works Projects Administration ọrụ mmemme.    Ọ bụ ebe na a gbara ndụ ya bụ ịbụ omenkà ifo, DeStefano chere na ya ụdị iji ihe osise ya kwado ngwa ya.    Na 1937, DeStefano akara, azụmahịa, DeStefano Studios House of Mannequins, nke anyị ọzọ eweghachi ma wepụ mannequins maka ụlọ ngalaba.    N'oge Agha nke ihe, DeStefano jere ozi na United States Navy na South Pacific dị ka onye so na 58th Seabee Battalion .    Ọ la azụ azụ ya mgbe agha ahụ wee gaa n'ihu na-eme mannequins n'ahịa ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike na 1980s. Ka ọ na-erule mbụ 1970s, ụlọ ọrụ DeStefano dị na Woburn, Massachusetts na-ahụ ihe ọmụmụ 3,000 mannequins kwa ụbọchị maka ụlọ dị ka Jordan Marsh, Filenes na Lord na Taylor .  [1] Na 1979, Boston Globe zoro aka na DeStefano dị ka "dean nke ndị na-eme mannequin mpaghara." <ref name="globe">{{Cite news|author=Negri|first=Gloria|title=John DeStefano; brought artist's touch to stores|accessdate=5 February 2011|work=The Boston Globe|date=5 May 2008|page=B9|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/05/05/john_destefano_brought_artists_touch_to_stores/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102235955/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/05/05/john_destefano_brought_artists_touch_to_stores/|archive-date=2 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, DeStefano ahụmahụ ọrụ na nkedo bronze, terracotta na nkume.  A na-enwe ihe ọrụ ya na Plimoth Patuxet na Harvard University's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} 4b02t0qf9cws1v67yu2rtcccynaze43 0 48929 727720 692851 2026-09-24T20:12:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Franco the Great ( mmalite Frankin Gaskin ; 1928) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'okporo ụzọ dabere na Manhattan, New York City .  A map ya ma obodo ya na Panama, ma ọ na-asụ Portuguese, Spanish na Bekee nke ọma.  A na-akpọkwa Franco the Great ka " Harlem Picasso ". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Barron|first=James|date=2009-12-03|title=Artists See Storefront Gates as Canvases for More Than Graffiti|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/03/nyregion/03oldgates.html|accessdate=2024-03-31|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> O nwere aha ama site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụzọ nchekwa ụlọ dị na mpaghara West Harlem .  A na-ahụ mpempe mbụ nke Franco taa na 125th Street gbara gburugburu Apollo Theater (n'etiti Frederick Douglass Blvd. na Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Blvd).  A na-ahụ ihe bụ onye Franco n'ọnụ ụzọ nchekwa naanị mgbe a na-emechi ụzọ ụlọ Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Daily Times si kwuo, ihe gbasara Franco nyere aka mee ka Harlem njem nlegharị anya.  [1] Old ọrụ ya n'ime azụmahịa n'ofe United States, France, Germany, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, Spain, Brazil, Caribbean Islands, Senegal, na ọtụtụ mba Africa ndị ozo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Contribution to Harlem|url=http://www.francothegreat.com/contribution/index.html|work=francothegreat.com|accessdate=30 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103043039/https://www.francothegreat.com/contribution/index.html|archivedate=3 January 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, Franco dara ọtụtụ akụkọ. Nke a butere mmerụ ahụ dị ukwuu n'isi yana ọnọdụ [[Ọrịa coma|coma]] ruo otu ọnwa. O mechara nwee nkwarụ. N'ime oge a, Franco nwere mmasị na ịse nka na anwansi. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 9, site na agbamume nke onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik obodo, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ ọrụ dịka onye na-eme anwansi. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.francothegreat.com/biography/index.html|work=francothegreat.com|accessdate=30 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103015351/https://www.francothegreat.com/biography/index.html|archivedate=3 January 2015}}</ref> Onye na-ese ihe bụ Danzig ike Franco na nkuzi okwu afá anɔ, iji nyere aka na-egosi na n'ihu nnukwu igwe mmadụ.  Danzig gbakwara ya ume ka ọ ree ọrụ ya, ka ọ kwaga New York dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye dibịa afa. . <ref name="bio"/> == Ọrụ nka == Na 1958, Franco si Panama kwaga New York eji ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe.  Na New York City, o nyere ọrụ ya n'ọrụ dị iche iche wee bụrụ onye a ma na obodo Spanish <ref name="bio"/> Na 1968, dị ka ike omume ọgbaghara ahụ mgbe e gbusịrị Martin Luther King, ndị nwe ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na Harlem gbakwụnye ọnụ ụzọ nchara nchara n'ihu ụlọ aha ha.  [1] Onye Ukwu ahụ lere ọnụ ụzọámá ahụ anya dị ka akwa akwa iji ihe nka na-eme oku maka ike dị mma.  [2] Na-ama, ụbọchị ebe a na-emechi ụlọ ụlọ na Harlem n'oge ahụ, Franco chepụtara nka ya iji jide ihe na-akpa positivity na ndị Africa-American n'ọnụ ụzọ ma.  ihe ngosi 1968, Franco eseela ihe ọnụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá 200, site na East ruo n'amụma ọmụmụ nke 125th St.. <ref name="bio"/> Ugbu a, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ọnụ ọgụgụ ụzọ nchekwa nchekwa ma ọ bụ mee ka agba ntụ, na-agba ọsọ iwu zoning na 2008 nke ọnụ ka ndị nwe ụlọ eji ọnụ ụzọ "see-through".  [1] E wezụga ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị a na-arụsi ọrụ ike taa, e wepụrụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá iri abụọ na ise ma tinye ya n'ebe a na-edebe ihe cheta ọrụ Franco the Great.  [2] E hiwere nke "Chekwa ọnụ ụzọ ámá" na ndị na-akwado ya na-ekwu na a ga-ebuga ma ọnụ ụzọ ámá Franco na Triboro Plaza . <ref name="marod">{{Cite web|author=Marod|first=Megan|date=26 April 2014|title=Franco the Great|url=http://levysuniqueny.com/5209/franco-the-great/|work=levysuniqueny.com|accessdate=30 December 2014|archive-date=7 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307052504/http://levysuniqueny.com/5209/franco-the-great/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, a kọrọ na Harlem Community Development Corporation na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ na-eji ike ọnụ ụzọ Franco ma mee ka ha guzosie ike na ngosi na-adịgide adịgide n'etiti ụzọ mbụ na nke abụọ, na-ahụ ebe ngosi nka.  akụkọ.  Ịmepụta ọnụ ụzọ ma ga-efu ruru $250,000.  [1] Na December 2014, Onye Mmepụta Forest City Ratner na-egosi iji isi ọnụ ụzọ ámá, na East River Plaza, dị ka ndị isi na Harlem nke gara aga.. <ref name="ransom">{{Cite web|author=Ransom|first=Jan|date=11 December 2014|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/uptown/harlem-famous-murals-find-new-home-article-1.2042337|work=Daily News|accessdate=30 December 2014|title=Uptown developer steps in to save endangered pieces by Harlem's Picasso Franco (The Great) Gaskin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105215332/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/uptown/harlem-famous-murals-find-new-home-article-1.2042337|archivedate=5 January 2015}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150103015351/https://www.francothegreat.com/biography/index.html Webụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [https://francothegreat.com/biography.html Franco Onye Ukwu] {{DEFAULTSORT:Franco the Great}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h9it6f6tbq4h5pk79a865oq17km30q0 0 48934 727864 638152 2026-09-25T07:57:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Jenny Jules''' bụ onye omere Bekee. Ọ malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri dịka onye otu mmemme ihe nkiri ntorobịa na Tricycle Theatre na Kilburn, London. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616132555/http://www.whatsonstage.com/interviews/theatre/london/E8821157711427/20+Questions+With%85+Jenny+Jules.html 20 Questions with Jenny Jules], Whatsonstage.com</ref> Ejikọtala ọrụ ya na Tricycle Theatre ebe o merela ọtụtụ oge; kredit ya n'ebe ahụ gụnyere egwuregwu abụọ nke August Wilson, nke Paulette Randall duziri ha: ''Ụgbọ oloko abụọ na-agba ọsọ'' na ''Gem of the Ocean'', ''Walk Hard'' site [[Ugwu Abram|Abram Hill]], ''Wine in the Wilderness'' nke Alice Childress dere, nrụgharị ahụ dị egwu (nke Richard Norton-Taylor ) nke. ajụjụ gbasara ogbugbu nke Stephen Lawrence, ''Agba nke ikpe ziri ezi'', na Lynn Nottage 's ''Fabulation'', nke Indhu Rubasingham duziri . N'afọ 1992, ọ meriri ihe nrite ''Time Out'' maka ihe ngosi ya nke Mediyah na ''Pecong'' na Tricycle Theatre. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ pụtara na Helen Mirren na nkeji nke abụọ nke ''Prime Suspect'' maka Granada Television / ITV . Na 2012, ọ gbara Mavis na mmepụta nke Michael Buffong nke ''Ọnwa on a Rainbow Shawl'' nke Errol John na National Theatre, na Regan na ''King Lear'' na Almeida Theatre, nke Michael Attenborough duziri. Na 2013 Jules nọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime afọ na-egwu Cassius na Phyllida Lloyd 's all-female production of ''Julius Caesar'', nke mbụ na Donmar Warehouse na London, mgbe e mesịrị na-ebufe na St. Ann's Warehouse na Brooklyn. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 2014, Jules gbara Penny na egwuregwu ọhụrụ Suzan-Lori Parks, ''Fada na-abịa n'ụlọ site na agha, akụkụ 1, 2 & 3'', na The Public Theatre na New York wee na American Repertory Theatre na Boston. Ọ mere Broadway mpụta mbụ ya na 2016 dị ka Tituba na mmepụta nke Ivo van Hove nke ''The Crucible'' na Walter Kerr Theatre, <ref>Celeste Montaño, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240618042403/http://stagedoordish.com/the-crucibles-jenny-jules-on-working-with-saoirse-ronan-connecting-with-her-character-tituba-and-donald-trumps-witch-hunt "''The Crucible''{{'}}s Jenny Jules on working with Saoirse Ronan, connecting with her character Tituba, and Donald Trump’s Witch Hunt"], StageDoorDish.com, 28 March 2016.</ref> nke nwere kpakpando Ciarán Hinds, Sophie Okonedo, na Saoirse Ronan . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Brantley|first=Ben|authorlink=Ben Brantley|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/theater/review-in-arthur-millers-crucible-first-they-came-for-the-witches.html|title=Review: In Arthur Miller's ''Crucible'', First They Came for the Witches|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=31 March 2016|accessdate=3 April 2016}}</ref> Na Machị nke afọ 2019, Jules weghaara ọrụ Hermione Granger (nke sitere na Noma Dumezweni ) na mmepụta Broadway nke ''Harry Potter na Nwa a bụrụ ọnụ'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mugglenet.com/2019/04/harry-potter-and-the-cursed-childs-jenny-jules-discusses-hermione/|title="Harry Potter and the Cursed Child"'s Jenny Jules Discusses Hermione|author=W|first=Mary|date=7 April 2019|accessdate=19 July 2021|archivedate=20 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720015130/https://www.mugglenet.com/2019/04/harry-potter-and-the-cursed-childs-jenny-jules-discusses-hermione/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nowthisoriginals.com/videos/pop/jenny-jules-on-the-importance-of-a-black-hermione-granger|title=Jenny Jules On the Importance of a Black Hermione Granger|date=21 June 2019|accessdate=July 19, 2021|archivedate=20 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720020632/https://nowthisoriginals.com/videos/pop/jenny-jules-on-the-importance-of-a-black-hermione-granger}}</ref> == Ntụaka == New York wee na American Repertory Theatre na Boston. Ọ mere Broadway mpụta mbụ ya na 2016 dị ka Tituba na mmepụta{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|0432161|Jenny Jules}} * [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/150084-Ruined-Gets-First-In-the-Round-Production-Starting-April-22-at-DCs-Arena-Stage Article on Arena Stage production of ''Ruined''], ''Playbill'' * [http://dctheatrescene.com/2011/05/18/jenny-jules-on-playing-mama-nadi-in-ruined/ Interview of Jules in DC Theatre Scene (2011)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240624131641/https://www.donmarwarehouse.com/whats-on/donmar-warehouse/2012/julius-caesar#tab-1 Photo of Jules as Cassius at St Ann's Warehouse] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/10/theater/reviews/shakespeares-julius-caesar-by-women-of-donmar-warehouse.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&ref=theater&adxnnlx=1395308048-KiwHiPh/u+9p6QmVEafBNg Review of ''Julius Caesar''] by Ben Brantley in ''The New York Times'' * [http://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/jenny-jules Jenny Jules], profile at Curtis Brown [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 151r1vzgx6g481lxqzh26jw4lql0jsh 0 49152 727610 720954 2026-09-24T12:48:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Duke Ellington - publicity.JPG|thumb|Duke Ellington - mgbasa ozi.]] '''Edward Kennedy''' "'''Duke'''" '''Ellington''' (Eprel 29, 1899 - Mee 24, 1974) bụ onye America na-akpọ piano jazz, onye na-ede egwu, na onye ndú nke otu egwu jazz ya site na 1923 ruo ndụ ya niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dukeellington.com/ellingtonbio.html|title=Biography|publisher=DukeEllington.com (Official site)|year=2008|accessdate=January 26, 2012|archivedate=September 18, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918130507/http://dukeellington.com/ellingtonbio.html}}</ref> Amụrụ ma zụlite na Washington, D.C., Ellington hibere na New York City site na etiti 1920 wee nweta profaịlụ mba site na ngosipụta ndị egwu ya na Cotton Club na Harlem. Ọkà mmụta n'ịde obere ihe maka usoro ndekọ rpm nkeji atọ, Ellington dere ma ọ bụ rụkọọ ọrụ n'ihe karịrị otu puku edemede; nnukwu ọrụ ya bụ ihe nketa jazz kachasị edekọ, na ọtụtụ akụkụ ya aghọwo ụkpụrụ. Ọ dekọkwara egwu ndị egwu ya dere, dị ka "Caravan" Juan Tizol, bụ nke wetara tinge Spanish na nnukwu jazz. Na njedebe nke 1930s, Ellington malitere mmekorita ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri atọ na onye na-ede egwú-onye nhazi-pianist Billy Strayhorn, onye ọ kpọrọ onye na-ede ihe na nhazi ya.[1] Site na Strayhorn, o mere otutu ihe agbakwunyere, ma ọ bụ suites, yana ọtụtụ mpempe akwụkwọ. Ruo afọ ole na ole na mmalite ntinye aka Strayhorn, ndị egwu Ellington gosipụtara bassist Jimmy Blanton na tenor saxophonist Ben Webster wee ruo n'ogo okike.<ref>{{Cite web|author=O'Dell|first=Cary|url=https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/BlantonWebsterEraRecordings.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/BlantonWebsterEraRecordings.pdf|archivedate=October 9, 2022|title=Blanton-Webster Era Recordings{{snd}}Duke Ellington Orchestra (1940–1942) Added to the National Registry: 2002|work=Library of Congress|accessdate=July 28, 2022}}</ref> Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị na-esote oge dị ala, ngosipụta nke Ellington na ndị egwú ya na Newport Jazz Festival na July 1956 dugara na nnukwu mmeghachi omume na njem ụwa mgbe niile. Ellington dekọrọ maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ America nke oge ya, rụọ ọrụ ma mee ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, ma dee egwu egwu ole na ole. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke jazz, n'echiche nke Gunther Schuller na Barry Kernfeld, "onye na-ede egwu kachasị mkpa nke ụdị ahụ", Ellington n'onwe ya nabatara ahịrịokwu ahụ "karịa ụdị", na-ewere ya dị ka ụkpụrụ nnwere onwe, ma na-ezo aka na egwu ya dị ka akụkụ nke ụdị egwu America. A maara Ellington maka ojiji o ji ìgwè ndị egwú, ma ọ bụ nnukwu ìgwè, yana maka ikwu okwu ya na ikike ya. E nyere ya onyinye pụrụ iche Pulitzer Prize maka egwu na 1999. <ref name="pulitzer">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160115110141/http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/1999-Special-Awards-and-Citations "The 1999 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Special Awards and Citations"]. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved December 3, 2013. With reprint of short biography and list of works (selected).</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Ellington na Eprel 29, 1899, nye James Edward Ellington na Daisy (née Kennedy) Ellington na Washington, DC Ndị mụrụ ya abụọ bụ ndị na-akpo piano. Daisy na-akpọkarị egwu ụlọ, James makwara operatic aria.[7] Ha na nne na nna Daisy biri na 2129 Ida Place (ugbu a Ward Place) NW, na D.C.'s West End agbata.[1] A mụrụ nna Duke na Lincolnton, North Carolina na Eprel 15, 1879, na na 1886, ya na ndị mụrụ ya kwagara DC.[2] A mụrụ Daisy Kennedy na Washington, D.C., na Jenụwarị 4, 1879, ada nke ndị ohu America abụọ mbụ.[1] [3] James Ellington mere ụkpụrụ maka ndị agha mmiri United States. Mgbe Ellington bụ nwatakịrị, ezinụlọ ya gosipụtara mpako agbụrụ na nkwado n'ụlọ ha, dị ka ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ. Ndị Africa America nọ na DC rụrụ ọrụ iji chebe ụmụ ha pụọ na iwu Jim Crow nke oge ahụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa, Ellington malitere ịnara nkuzi piano site na Marietta Clinkscales. Daisy ji ụmụ nwanyị nwere ugwu gbara nwa ya nwoke gburugburu iji mee ka omume ya sikwuo ike ma kụziere ya ịma mma. Ndị enyi ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata chọpụtara na uwe ya na-adịghị mma, nke na-adịghị mma na uwe mwụda nyere ya ohere nke nwa okorobịa a ma ama, [11] ya mere ha malitere ịkpọ ya "Duke". Ellington kwadoro enyi ya Edgar McEntee maka aha aha ahụ: "Echere m na ọ chere na ka m wee ruo eruo maka mkpakọrịta ya mgbe niile, m kwesịrị inwe aha. Ya mere ọ kpọrọ m Duke. " Ọ bụ ezie na Ellington na-amụta piano, ọ nwere mmasị karịa na baseball. "President [Theodore] Roosevelt ga-abịa n'elu ịnyịnya ya mgbe ụfọdụ, ma "kwụsị ma lelee anyị ka anyị na-egwuri egwu", ka ọ chetara. Ellington gara Armstrong Technical High School na Washington, D.C. Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ ire ahụekere na egwuregwu baseball nke Washington Senators. Ellington malitere ịbanye na Frank Holiday's Poolroom mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ. Ịnụrụ egwu nke ndị na-akpọ piano na ọdọ mmiri kpaliri ịhụnanya Ellington nwere maka ngwá egwu ahụ, ọ malitekwara iwere ọmụmụ piano ya n'ụzọ siri ike. N'etiti ọtụtụ ndị na-akpọ piano ọ gere ntị bụ Doc Perry, Lester Dishman, Louis Brown, Turner Layton, Gertie Wells, Clarence Bowser, Sticky Mack, Blind Johnny, Cliff Jackson, Claude Hopkins, Phil Wurd, Caroline Thornton, Luckey Roberts, Eubie Blake, Joe Rochester, na Harvey Brooks.<ref name="Music on My Mind">{{Cite book|author=Smith|first=Willie the Lion|title=Music on My Mind: The Memoirs of an American Pianist, Foreword by Duke Ellington|url=https://archive.org/details/musiconmymindmem00smit|year=1964|publisher=Doubleday & Company Inc|location=New York City}}</ref> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1914, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka soda jerk na Poodle Dog Café, Ellington dere egwu mbụ ya, "Soda Fountain Rag" (nke a makwaara dị ka "Poodle Dog Rag"). O ji ntị mepụta ihe ahụ, ebe ọ na-amụtabeghị ịgụ na ide egwu. "M ga-akpọ 'Soda Fountain Rag' dị ka otu nzọụkwụ, nzọụkwụ abụọ, waltz, tango, na fox trot", ka Ellington chetara. "Ndị na-ege ntị amaghị na ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ. E guzobere m dị ka onye nwere ihe ndekọ nke m. " <ref name="current">{{Cite book|author=Ellington|first=Duke|title=Current Biography|publisher=H.W. Wilson Company|year=1970}}</ref> N'akụkọ ndụ ya, Music is my Mistress (1973), Ellington dere na ọ hapụrụ ọtụtụ nkuzi karịa ka ọ gara, na-eche n'oge ahụ na piano abụghị talent ya. Ellington gara n'ihu na-ege ntị, na-ekiri, ma na-eṅomi ndị na-akpọ piano ragtime, ọ bụghị naanị na Washington, D.C. kamakwa na Philadelphia na Atlantic City, ebe ya na nne ya nọrọ ezumike n'oge ọkọchị.<ref name="current"/> Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-anụ egwu dị iche iche nke ndị na-enweghị ike ịzụta ọtụtụ egwu egwu, yabụ maka ọdịiche, ha na-akpọ ákwà ahụ n'elu ala.<ref>[[Mercer Ellington]] to [[Marian McPartland]], on ''Piano Jazz'', rebroadcast on ''Hot Jazz Saturday Night'', [[WAMU]], 2018 April 28.</ref> Henry Lee Grant, onye nkuzi egwu nke Dunbar High School, nyere ya nkuzi onwe onye n'ịdị n'otu. Site na nduzi ọzọ nke onye na-eme piano na onye ndú egwu nke Washington bụ Oliver "Doc" Perry, Ellington mụtara ịgụ egwu, mepụta ụdị ọkachamara, ma melite usoro ya. Ellington sikwa n'ike mmụọ nsọ ya na Ndị na-akpọ piano James P. Johnson na Luckey Roberts. Ka e mesịrị na New York, ọ natara ndụmọdụ site n'aka Will Marion Cook, Fats Waller, na Sidney Bechet. Ọ malitere igwu egwu na kọfị na klọb dị na Washington, D.C. Mmekọrịta ya na egwu siri ike nke na n'afọ 1916 ọ jụrụ agụmakwụkwọ nka na Pratt Institute na Brooklyn. Ọnwa atọ tupu ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ hapụrụ Armstrong Manual Training School, ebe ọ na-amụ nka azụmahịa.<ref name="Simmonds">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lasentinel.net/Duke-Ellington.html|title=Duke Ellington|author=Simmonds|first=Yussuf|date=September 11, 2008|work=[[Los Angeles Sentinel]]|accessdate=July 14, 2009}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ mmalite === N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe nrịbama na-akwụghị ụgwọ site na 1917, Ellington malitere ikpokọta otu ka ha kpọọ maka ịgba egwu. N'afọ 1919, ọ zutere onye na-akụ egwu Sonny Greer si New Jersey, onye gbara ume Ellington nwere ọchịchọ ịghọ onye na-egwu egwu ọkachamara. Ellington wuru azụmahịa egwu ya site na ọrụ ụbọchị ya. Mgbe onye ahịa gwara ya ka o mee akara maka ịgba egwu ma ọ bụ nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ọ na-ajụ ma ha nwere ntụrụndụ egwu; Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, Ellington ga-enye ohere igwu egwu maka mmemme ahụ. O nwekwara ọrụ onye ozi na ngalaba ndị agha mmiri US na steeti, ebe o mere ọtụtụ kọntaktị. Ellington si n'ụlọ ndị mụrụ ya pụọ wee zụta nke ya ka ọ na-aghọ onye na-akpọ piano nke ọma. Na mbụ, ọ na-egwuri egwu n'òtù ndị ọzọ, na ngwụcha afọ 1917 o guzobere otu mbụ ya, "The Duke's Serenaders" ("Colored Syncopators", mgbasa ozi ekwentị ya mara ọkwa). <ref name="Simmonds"/> Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke otu ahụ. Ụbọchị mbụ ọ na-egwu bụ na True Reformer's Hall, ebe ọ kpọtara 75 cents. Ellington na-egwuri egwu na mpaghara DC niile wee banye na Virginia maka bọọlụ ọha na eze na nnọkọ ndị nnọchi anya obodo. Ndị otu ahụ gụnyere enyi nwata bụ Otto Hardwick, bụ onye malitere ịkụ egwu bass, wee kwaga na C-melody sax ma mesịa biri na alto saxophone; Arthur Whetsel na opi; Elmer Snowden na banjo; na Sonny Greer na-agba. Ndị otu ahụ nwere ọganihu, na-eme ihe maka ma ndị Africa America na ndị ọcha, ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na ọha mmadụ nke oge ahụ. [[Usòrò:Duke_Ellington_St._Louis_Toodle-Oo.jpg|thumb|Ntinye nke "East St. Louis Toodle-Oo" (1927) ]] Mgbe a kpọrọ onye na-akụ ya Sonny Greer ka ọ sonye na Wilber Sweatman Orchestra na New York City, Ellington hapụrụ ọrụ ya na-aga nke ọma na DC wee kwaga Harlem, n'ikpeazụ ghọọ akụkụ nke Harlem Renaissance.[21] Egwú ọhụrụ dị ka Charleston pụtara na Harlem, yana Ihe nkiri egwu ndị Africa America, gụnyere Eubie Blake na Noble Sissle (nke ikpeazụ bụ onye agbata obi ya) Shuffle Along. Mgbe ndị na-eto eto na-agụ egwú hapụrụ Sweatman Orchestra iji mee ihe n'onwe ha, ha chọtara ihe nkiri jazz na-apụta nke na-asọ mpi nke siri ike. Ha na-agba ọsọ n'ụbọchị ma na-egwu egwu ọ bụla ha nwere ike ịchọta. Ndị na-eto eto zutere onye na-eme piano Willie "The Lion" Smith, onye mere ka ha mara ebe ahụ ma nye ha ego. Ha na-egwuri egwu na oriri na ọṅụṅụ maka ego ha nwetara. Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị, ndị na-eto eto na-eti egwu laghachiri Washington, D.C., na-enwe nkụda mmụọ. Na June 1923, ha gbara egwu na Atlantic City, New Jersey na nke ọzọ na prestigious Exclusive Club na Harlem. Nke a sochiri na Septemba 1923 site na ịkwaga na Hollywood Club (na 49th na Broadway) na nkwa afọ anọ, nke nyere Ellington ntọala nka siri ike. A maara ya ka ọ na-akpọ opi na njedebe nke arụmọrụ ọ bụla. A na-akpọ ndị otu ahụ na mbụ Elmer Snowden na Black Sox Orchestra ma nwee ndị otu asaa, gụnyere opi James "Bubber" Miley. Ha degharịrị aha onwe ha The Washingtonians. Snowden hapụrụ otu ahụ na mmalite 1924, Ellington weghaara ọkwa dịka onye isi otu. Mgbe ọkụ gbasịrị, e meghere ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ dị ka Club Kentucky (nke a na-akpọkarị Kentucky Club). Ellington wee mee ndekọ asatọ na 1924, na-enweta otuto maka ide egwu na atọ gụnyere "Choo Choo". N'afọ 1925, Ellington nyere egwu anọ na Chocolate Kiddies nke Lottie Gee na Adelaide Hall na-eme, bụ ihe niile African American revue nke mere ka ndị na-ege ntị Europe mara ụdị na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri African American.  Duke Ellington na ndị Kentucky Club Orchestra ya toro ruo otu ndị egwu iri; ha mepụtara ụda nke ha site na ngosipụta na-abụghị omenala nke nhazi Ellington, ụda okporo ámá nke Harlem, na ụda trombone na wah-wahs, opi na-eti mkpu, na saxophone blues licks nke ndị otu ahụ. N'oge dị mkpirikpi, soprano saxophonist na clarinetist Sidney Bechet so ha kpọọ egwu, a kọrọ na ọ ghọrọ onye kachasị n'òtù ahụ, ebe Sonny Greer na-ekwu na Bechet "kwụrụ òtù ahụ dị ka glove". Ọnụnọ ya mere ka ya na Miley na onye na-eme trombone Charlie Irvis nwee esemokwu, ndị ụdị ha dị iche na egwu Bechet nke New Orleans. Ọ bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi enweghị ntụkwasị obi Bechet - ọ nọghị ya ụbọchị atọ n'usoro - nke mere ka mmekọrịta ya na Ellington dị mkpụmkpụ. === Mmekọrịta Cotton Club === N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1926, Ellington na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Irving Mills mere nkwekọrịta, <ref>Gary Giddins ''Visions of Jazz: The First Century'', New York & Oxford, 1998, pp. 112–113.</ref> na-enye Mills mmasị 45% na ọdịnihu Ellington. Mills nwere anya maka nkà ọhụrụ ma bipụta ihe Hoagy Carmichael, Dorothy Fields, na Harold Arlen dere na mbido ọrụ ha. Mgbe o dekọrọ akụkụ ole na ole n'oge 1924-26, ntinye aka Ellington na Mills nyere ya ohere idekọ nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-edekọ nsụgharị dị iche iche nke otu egwu ahụ. Mills na-ewere otuto mgbe niile dị ka onye na-ede egwu. Site na mmalite nke mmekọrịta ha, Mills haziri nnọkọ ndekọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akara ọ bụla gụnyere Brunswick, Victor, Columbia, OKeh, Pathé (na ndị enyemaka ya, Zuru okè), ARC/Plaza otu akara (Oriole, Domino, Jewel, Banner) na Akara ụlọ ahịa dime ha (Cameo, Lincoln, Romeo), Hit of the Week, na akara dị ọnụ ala Columbia (Harmony, Diva, Velvet Tone, Clarion) nke nyere Ellington ama ama. Na OKeh, a na-enyekarị ndekọ ya dị ka Harlem Footwarmers. N'ụzọ dị iche, a na-enyekarị Brunswicks dị ka The Jungle Band. Whoopee Makers na Ten BlackBerries bụ aha ndị ọzọ. Na Septemba 1927, Eze Oliver jụrụ inye ndị otu ya akwụkwọ oge niile dịka ndị otu ụlọ na Harlem's Cotton Club; Ellington ga-abawanye site na otu isii ruo iri na otu iji mezuo ihe ndị nlekọta Cotton Club chọrọ maka nyocha ahụ, [3] na ntinye aka ahụ mechara malite na Disemba 4. <ref>Duke Ellington ''Music is my Mistress'', New York: Da Capo, 1973 [1976], pp. 75–76.</ref><ref>John Franceschina ''Duke Ellington's Music for the Theatre'', Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2001, p. 16.</ref> Site na mgbasa ozi redio kwa izu, ndị ahịa Cotton Club na-acha ọcha na ndị bara ọgaranya na-abanye n'abalị ọ bụla iji hụ ha. Na Cotton Club, ndị otu Ellington mere egwu niile maka revues, nke jikọtara comedy, nọmba ịgba egwu, vaudeville, burlesque, egwu, na mmanya na-aba n'anya. Ọ bụ Jimmy McHugh dere nọmba egwu ahụ na Dorothy Fields (mgbe e mesịrị Harold Arlen na Ted Koehler), na ụfọdụ Ellington mbụ agwakọta. (N'ebe a, ya na onye na-agba egwú, nwunye ya nke abụọ Mildred Dixon biri). Mgbasa ozi redio kwa izu site na klọb ahụ nyere Ellington ihe ngosi mba. N'otu oge ahụ, Ellington dekwara egwu Fields-JMcHugh na Fats Waller-[[Andy Razaf]]. [[Usòrò:Vu_(magazine)_N°77.JPG|thumb| Adelaide Hall dekọrọ Creole Love Call na Ellington na 1927. Ihe ndekọ ahụ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama n'ụwa niile.]] Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-afụ opi Bubber Miley bụ onye otu ndị egwú maka obere oge, o nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụda Ellington.<ref name="schuller">{{Cite journal|author=Schuller|first=Gunther|date=October 1992|title=Jazz and Composition: The Many Sides of Duke Ellington, the Music's Greatest Composer|journal=Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|volume=46|issue=1|pages=36–51|doi=10.2307/3824163}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-egosipụta opi na-eti mkpu, Miley gbanwere ụda egwu na-atọ ụtọ nke otu ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nke na-ekpo ọkụ, nke ndị oge ya kpọrọ Jungle Style, nke a pụrụ ịhụ na chorus ya na East St. Louis Toodle-Oo (1926).[31] N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1927, Ellington na ndị egwú ya dekọrọ ọtụtụ egwu na Adelaide Hall. Otu akụkụ karịsịa, "Creole Love Call", ghọrọ ihe na-akpali akpali n'ụwa niile ma nye ma Ellington na Hall ndekọ mbụ ha. Miley dere ọtụtụ n'ime "Creole Love Call" na "Black and Tan Fantasy". Onye aṅụrụma, Miley hapụrụ òtù ahụ tupu ha enweta aha ọma. Ọ nwụrụ na 1932 mgbe ọ dị afọ 29, mana ọ nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na Cootie Williams, onye nọchiri ya. Na 1929, Cotton Club Orchestra pụtara na ogbo ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa na Florenz Ziegfeld's Show Girl, yana kpakpando vaudeville Jimmy Durante, Eddie Foy, Jr., Ruby Keeler, yana egwu na egwu George Gershwin na Gus Kahn. Will Vodery, onye nlekọta egwu nke Ziegfeld, kwadoro Ellington maka ihe ngosi ahụ.[34] Dị ka John Edward Hasse's Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington si kwuo, "Ikekwe n'oge a na-agba ọsọ nke Show Girl, Ellington nwetara ihe o mesịrị kpọọ 'ihe mmụta bara uru na nhazi nke Will Vody." Na 1946 biography, Duke Ellington, Barry Ulanov dere, sị:   Ọrụ ihe nkiri Ellington malitere na Black and Tan (1929), nke dị nkeji iri na itoolu nke African American RKO mkpirisi [1] nke ọ kpọrọ dike "Duke". Ọ pụtakwara na ihe nkiri Amos 'n' Andy Check na Double Check ewepụtara na 1930, bụ nke na-egosi ndị egwu egwu na-akpọ "Old Man Blues" na ebe ịgba bọọlụ gbatịrị agbatị.[37] N'afọ ahụ, Ellington na Orchestra ya jikọtara ya na ndị na-ege ntị dị iche iche na egwu egwu ya na Maurice Chevalier, ha na-emekwa na Roseland Ballroom, "America's preemost ballroom". Onye na-ede egwú a mụrụ n'Australia Percy Grainger bụ onye na-enwe mmasị n'oge mbụ na onye nkwado. O dere, sị, "Ndị na-ede egwú atọ kasị ukwuu nke dịworo ndụ bụ Bach, Delius na Duke Ellington. N'ụzọ dị mwute, Bach anwụọla, Delius na-arịa ọrịa nke ukwuu ma anyị nwere obi ụtọ na anyị na anyị taa Duke ".[2] Oge mbụ Ellington na Cotton Club kwụsịrị na 1931. === Ná mmalite afọ ndị 1930 === Ellington duuru ndị egwu egwu site na iji akara piano na mmegharị anya na-eduzi site na kiiboodu; ọ na-adịkarị obere ka ọ na-eji osisi eme ihe. Ka ọ na-erule 1932 òtù egwú ya nwere ngwá egwú ọla isii, ahịhịa amị anọ, na otu akụkụ nke ndị egwuregwu anọ.[1] Dịka onye ndu, Ellington abụghị onye ndụmọdụ siri ike; ọ ji nchikota nke ịma mma, ọchị, ịja mma, na akparamagwa nwere ọgụgụ isi na-achịkwa ndị egwú ya. Onye dị mgbagwoju anya, onye nzuzo, ọ na-ekpughere mmetụta ya naanị ndị ya na ya na-akpachi anya. O ji ọdịdị ọha ya mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè iji wepụ uche n'ebe onwe ya nọ. Ellington bịanyere aka na Brunswick naanị na 1932 wee soro ha nọrọ ruo ngwụcha 1936 (n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere obere oge 1933-34 gbanwee gaa na Victor mgbe Irving Mills wepụrụ ihe omume ya na Brunswick nwa oge). Ka ịda mbà n'obi na-akawanye njọ, ụlọ ọrụ na-edekọ ihe nọ na nsogbu, na-agbada ihe karịrị 90% nke ndị na-ese ihe na 1933.[1] A goro Ivie Anderson n'ọrụ dị ka onye egwu egwu Ellington Orchestra na 1931. Ọ bụ onye na-agụ ụda na "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Get That Swing)" (1932) n'etiti ihe ndekọ ndị ọzọ..Sonny Greer anọwo na-enye olu oge ụfọdụ ma gaa n'ihu na-eme ihe na-ekwu okwu na Anderson. Ihe ngosi redio nyere aka mee ka Ellington nọgide na-enwe ọkwa ọha na eze ka ndị egwú ya malitere ịgagharị. 78 ndị ọzọ nke oge a gụnyere: "Mood Indigo" (1930), "Sophisticated Lady" (1933), "Solitude" (1934), na "In a Sentimental Mood" (1935). Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-ege Ellington United States nọgidere bụrụ ndị Africa America n'oge a, ndị egwu egwu nwere nnukwu ndị na-eso ya na mba ofesi. Ha gara England na Scotland na 1933, yana France (egwu egwu atọ na Salle Pleyel na Paris) [1] na Netherlands tupu ha alaghachi New York.[2] [3] Na June 12, 1933, Duke Ellington Orchestra nyere mpụta mbụ ya na Britain na London Palladium;Ellington natara otuto mgbe ọ na-eje ije n'elu ikpo okwu. Ha bụ otu n'ime ihe iri na atọ na ụgwọ ahụ ma bụrụ ndị a kpaara ókè na ọnụọgụ asatọ dị mkpirikpi; ndebanye aha ahụ dịgidere ruo June 24. <ref name="Gdn20110617">{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Richard|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/17/duke-ellington-mother-dies|title=Duke Ellington's mother dies|work=The Guardian|date=June 17, 2011|accessdate=December 5, 2020}}</ref> Nleta ndị Britain hụrụ Ellington ka ọ na-enweta otuto site n'aka ndị otu egwu dị egwu, gụnyere onye na-ede egwu Constant Lambert, nke mere ka mmasị Ellington n'ide ọrụ ogologo. Iberibe ya ndị toro ogologo amalitelarị ịpụta. Ellington edeela ma dekọọ "Creole Rhapsody" n'oge dị ka 1931 (ewepụtara dị ka akụkụ abụọ nke ndekọ 12' maka Victor na akụkụ abụọ nke ndekọ 10" maka Brunswick).[47] A ụtụ nne ya, "Reminiscing na Tempo", were anọ 10" 78rpm ndekọ n'akụkụ ka ndekọ na 1935 mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'afọ ahụ.[48] Symphony na Black (nakwa 1935), a obere ihe nkiri, featured ya ogologo ibe ' A Rhapsody of Negro Life' Ọ gosipụtara Billie Holiday, ma merie Academy Award maka Best Musical Short Subject. Ellington na ndị egwú ya pụtakwara na ihe nkiri Murder at the Vanities na Belle of the Nineties (ha abụọ bụ 1934). Maka onye ọrụ Mills, nlebara anya ahụ bụ mmeri mgbasa ozi, dịka a maara Ellington ugbu a n'ụwa niile. Na njem nke òtù ahụ site na South nke kewara ekewa na 1934, ha zere ụfọdụ ihe isi ike njem nke ndị Africa America site na ịgagharị na ụgbọ okporo ígwè onwe ha. Ndị a nyere ebe obibi, nri, na nchekwa maka ngwá ọrụ ka ha na-ezere ihere nke ụlọ ndị kewara ekewa. Otú ọ dị, asọmpi ahụ gbasiri ike ka ìgwè egwu egwu dịka Benny Goodman malitere inweta nlebara anya zuru oke. Ịgba egwu Swing ghọrọ ihe ntorobịa, ọkachasị ndị na-ege ntị na kọleji ọcha, na ịgba egwu mere ka ịre ahịa na ntinye akwụkwọ. Jukeboxes mụbara na mba niile, na-agbasa ozi ọma nke swing. Ndị otu Ellington nwere ike na-amagharị, mana ike ha bụ ọnọdụ, nuance na ụbara ihe mejupụtara ya, ya mere nkwupụta ya "jazz bụ egwu, swing bụ azụmahịa". === Mgbe afọ 1930 gasịrị === Site na 1936, Ellington malitere iji obere ìgwè (sextets, octets, na nonets) dekọọ ndekọ sitere na ìgwè ndị egwú 15 ya n'oge ahụ.[51] O dere iberibe ndị e bu n'obi iji gosipụta otu ngwa ngwa, dị ka "Jeep's Blues" maka Johnny Hodges, "Akụkụ maka Ịhụnanya" maka Lawrence Brown, "Trumpet in Spades" maka Rex Stewart, "Echoes of Harlem" maka Cootie Williams na "Clarinet Lament". " maka Barney Bigard.[52] Na 1937, Ellington laghachiri na Cotton Club, nke kwagara n'etiti obodo Theatre District. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ ahụ, nna ya nwụrụ, na n'ihi ọtụtụ mmefu, ego Ellington siri ike. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ya ka mma n'afọ ndị sochirinụ. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị onye nnọchi anya Irving Mills, ọ banyere na William Morris Agency. Otú ọ dị, Mills gara n'ihu na-edekọ Ellington. Mgbe nanị otu afọ gasịrị, akara nna ukwu ya na ụdị dị iche iche (obere ìgwè ndị e dekọrọ maka nke ikpeazụ) daa ná ngwụsị 1937. Mills debere Ellington azụ na Brunswick na obere ìgwè ndị ahụ na Vocalion ruo 1940. A nọgidere na-edekọ akụkụ ndị a maara nke ọma. , “Caravan” na 1937, na “Ekwere M Ka Abụ Ọma Si n’Obi M Ga-aga” n’afọ sochirinụ. [[Usòrò:Duke_Ellington_in_ons_land.ogv|thumb|Ellington na 1939]] Billy Strayhorn, onye e were n'ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede abụ, malitere mmekọrịta ya na Ellington na 1939. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billystrayhorn.com/biography.htm|title=William Thomas Strayhorn|editor=Stone|year=1983|work=Billy Strayhorn Songs|publisher=University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill|accessdate=July 14, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622191412/http://www.billystrayhorn.com/biography.htm|archivedate=June 22, 2009}}</ref> A na-akpọ ya "Sweet Pea" maka omume ya dị nro, n'oge na-adịghị anya, Strayhorn ghọrọ onye otu dị mkpa nke nzukọ Ellington. Ellington gosipụtara nnukwu mmasị n'ebe Strayhorn nọ ma ghara ikwu okwu n'ụzọ na-egbuke egbuke banyere nwoke ahụ na mmekọrịta ọrụ ha, "ogwe aka nri m, ogwe aka ekpe m, anya niile dị n'azụ isi m, ụbụrụ m dị n'isi ya, na nke m". Strayhorn, site na nkuzi ya na egwu oge gboo, ọ bụghị naanị nyere egwu egwu na egwu mbụ ya kamakwa ọ hazie ma mekwaa ọtụtụ ọrụ Ellington, wee bụrụ Ellington nke abụọ ma ọ bụ “Duke's doppelgänger”. Ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ka Strayhorn dejupụta maka Duke, ma ọ bụ na-eduzi ma ọ bụ na-emegharị ìgwè ahụ, na-akpọ piano, na ogbo, na n'ebe a na-edekọ ihe.[1] Afọ iri ahụ kwụsịrị na njem nleta ndị Europe na-aga nke ọma na 1939 dị nnọọ ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-adakwasị na Europe. === Ellington na mbido ruo n'etiti afọ 1940 === [[Usòrò:Duke_Ellington_at_the_Hurricane_Club_1943.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Duke Ellington na Hurricane Club, Broadway & W. 51St, New York City, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Jackson|first=Kenneth T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&pg=PT1951|title=The Encyclopedia of New York|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|date=2010|isbn=978-0300182576}}</ref> Mee 1943]] Ndị egwu abụọ sonyeere Ellington n'oge a mepụtara mmetụta n'onwe ha, Jimmy Blanton na Ben Webster. E were Blanton n'ọrụ n'ụzọ dị irè n'ebe ahụ na ngwụcha Ọktoba 1939, tupu Ellington amata aha ya, mgbe ọ banyere na egwu Fate Marable na St Louis.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Whitehead|first=Kevin|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/10/05/654774239/a-look-back-at-how-virtuoso-jimmy-blanton-changed-the-bass-forever|title=A Look Back At How Virtuoso Jimmy Blanton Changed The Bass Forever|work=NPR|date=October 5, 2018|accessdate=June 17, 2021}}</ref> Blanton nke dị mkpirikpi gbanwere ojiji nke bass abụọ na jazz, na-enye ya ohere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ngwá egwu solo / melodic kama ịbụ ngwá egwu rhythm naanị.[58]Ọrịa na-egbu egbu mere ka ọ pụọ na njedebe 1941 ka ihe dị ka afọ abụọ gachara. Oge isi nke Ben Webster na Ellington dịruru 1939 ruo 1943. Ọchịchọ nke ya, ọ gwara onye were ya n'ọrụ gara aga, Teddy Wilson, onye na-edukwa otu nnukwu ìgwè, na Ellington bụ naanị onye mgba ọ ga-ahapụ Wilson. Ọ bụ onye na-egwu egwuregwu saxophonist nke mbụ nke ndị egwu egwu wee mee ka akụkụ sax ahụ gbasaa ruo ise na nke mbụ.[2][1] Johnny Hodges nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu, ọ na-ekwukarị na Hodges gosiri ya "otu esi akpọ mpi m". Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ nọdụrụ n'akụkụ ibe ha n'òtù egwú.. Onye na-afụ opi Ray Nance sonyeere, na-anọchi Cootie Williams onye hapụrụ Benny Goodman. Tụkwasị na nke a, Nance gbakwunyere violin na agba ndị Ellington nwere n'aka ya. Ihe ndekọ dị na ụbọchị egwu mbụ nke Nance na Nọvemba 7, 1940, na Fargo, North Dakota. N'ịbụ ndị Jack Towers na Dick Burris mere na nzuzo, e wepụtara ihe ndekọ ndị a n'ụzọ ziri ezi na 1978 dị ka ''Duke Ellington na Fargo, 1940 Live''; ha so na ndị mbụ nke ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị ndụ nke dị ndụ. Nance bụkwa onye na-agụ egwú oge ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na Herb Jeffries bụ onye isi nwoke na-agụ egwu n'oge a (ruo 1943) ebe Al Hibbler (onye nọchiri Jeffries na 1943) gara n'ihu ruo 1951. Ivie Anderson hapụrụ na 1942 n'ihi ihe gbasara ahụike mgbe afọ iri na otu gasịrị, oge kachasị ogologo n'ime ndị ọ bụla na-agụ egwú Ellington.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/musician.php?id=3424|title=Musician Ivie Anderson (Vocal) @ All About Jazz|publisher=Musicians.allaboutjazz.com|accessdate=February 2, 2013}}</ref> Ndekọ ọzọ maka Victor (site na 1940), ebe a na-enye ndị nta ahụ na akara Bluebird ha, ihe osise nkeji atọ na akụkụ ndekọ 78 rpm gara n'ihu na-esi na Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, nwa Ellington Mercer Ellington, na ndị otu egwu egwu. [63] "Cotton Tail", "Main Stem", "Harlem Air Shaft", "Jack the Bear", na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ sitere n'oge a. Strayhorn's "Take the "A" Train", a hit na 1941, ghọrọ isiokwu nke òtù ahụ, dochie "East St. Louis Toodle-Oo". Ellington na ndị mmekọ ya dere maka otu ndị egwú nwere olu pụrụ iche na-egosipụta nnukwu ihe okike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theoryjazz.com/artists/ellington.html|title=Jazz Musicians – Duke Ellington|publisher=Theory Jazz|accessdate=July 14, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903233432/http://theoryjazz.com/artists/ellington.html|archivedate=September 3, 2015}}</ref> E wepụtara ihe ndekọ azụmahịa sitere n'oge a na nchịkọta CD atọ, Never No Lament, na 2003. Otú ọ dị, ebumnobi Ellington dị ogologo bụ ịgbatị ụdị jazz site na njedebe nkeji atọ ahụ, nke ọ bụ nna ukwu a kwadoro.[1] Ọ bụ ezie na o depụtala ma dekọọ akụkụ ụfọdụ agbasawanye na mbụ, ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mmepụta Ellington. Na nke a, Strayhorn nyeere ya aka, onye nwetara ọzụzụ nke ọma n'ụdị ejikọtara na egwu oge ochie karịa Ellington.Nke mbụ n’ime ndị a, Black, Brown, and Beige (1943), raara onwe ya nye n’ịkọ akụkọ banyere ndị America America na ebe ịgba ohu na ụka na akụkọ ntolite ha.[66] Black, Brown na Beige rụrụ arụrụ arụ na Carnegie Hall na Jenụwarị 23, 1943, na-amalite usoro egwu Ellington kwa afọ na ebe a na-eme egwuregwu n'ime afọ anọ na-esote. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị na-egwu jazz na-egwuri egwu na Carnegie Hall na mbụ, ọ dịghị onye mere ihe ọ bụla dị ka ọrụ Ellington. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ịmalite usoro oge niile, a naghị anabatakarị ọrụ Ellington ogologo oge. Ihe dị iche iche bụ Jump for Joy, egwu zuru oke dabere na isiokwu nke njirimara African American, nke malitere na Julaị 10, 1941, na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Mayan na Los Angeles. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Hollywood bụ John Garfield na Mickey Rooney tinyere ego na mmepụta ahụ, Charlie Chaplin na Orson Welles kwere nkwa iduzi.<ref>Harvey G. Cohen, ''Duke Ellington's America'', Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2010, p. 189.</ref> N'otu ihe ngosi, Garfield siri ọnwụ na Herb Jeffries, onye nwere akpụkpọ anụ, kwesịrị iyi ihe ntecha. Ellington jụrụ n'oge ahụ ma jiri Jeffries tụnyere Al Jolson. A gbanwere mgbanwe ahụ. Onye na-agụ egwú ahụ mechara kwuo na ndị na-ege ntị ga-eche na ọ bụ onye dị iche na ọkara nke abụọ nke ihe ngosi ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ere ahịa ma nweta nyocha dị mma, ọ gbara naanị 122 performances ruo na Septemba 29, 1941, na mweghachi dị mkpirikpi na Nọvemba nke afọ ahụ. Isiokwu ya emeghị ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na Broadway; Ellington nwere atụmatụ na-emezughị iji kpọga ya ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brent|first=David|url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/nightlights/jump-for-joy-duke-ellingtons-celebratory-musical/|title=Jump For Joy: Duke Ellington's Celebratory Musical &#124; Night Lights Classic Jazz – WFIU Public Radio|publisher=Indianapublicmedia.org|date=February 6, 2008|accessdate=December 31, 2011}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị mmechuihu a, mmepụta Broadway nke Ellington's Beggar's Holiday, naanị akwụkwọ egwu ya, gosipụtara na Disemba 23, 1946, n'okpuru nduzi nke Nicholas Ray.<ref>Lawrence, 2001, p. 287.</ref> Ndozi mmachibido iwu ndekọ ndekọ mbụ nke 1942–44, na-eduga n'ịbawanye ụgwọ ọrụ eze a na-akwụ ndị na-egwu egwu, nwere nnukwu mmetụta na ikike ego nke nnukwu ìgwè, gụnyere Ellington's Orchestra. Ego ọ na-enweta dị ka onye na-ede abụ nyere ya aka. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-emefu ego mgbe nile ma na-enweta ego a na-akwanyere ùgwù site n'ọrụ ndị egwú egwú, ego ndị òtù egwú na-enweta na-ekpuchi nanị mmefu.[1] Otú ọ dị, na 1943 Ellington gwara Webster ka ọ pụọ; Àgwà onye saxophonist mere ka ndị ọrụ ibe ya nwee nchegbu na onye saxophonist na-enwekarị esemokwu na onye ndu. === Afọ ndị mbụ mgbe agha gasịrị === Ndị na-agụ egwú na-abanye n'ọrụ agha na ihe mgbochi njem mere ka njem sie ike maka nnukwu ìgwè, na ịgba egwú ghọrọ ihe a ga-akwụ ụtụ isi ọhụrụ, nke gara n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na-emetụta nhọrọ nke ndị nwe klọb. Ka ọ na-erule oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ kwụsịrị, a na-elekwasị anya na egwu egwu dịka Frank Sinatra na Jo Stafford. Ka ọnụahịa nke iwe nnukwu ìgwè n'ọrụ amụbaala, ndị nwe klọb ahụ ugbu a hụrụ obere ìgwè jazz dị ọnụ ala karị. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ọhụrụ Ellington, dị ka ụda olu na-enweghị okwu "Transblucency" (1946) na Kay Davis, agaghị enwe ihe yiri nke ahụ dị ka kpakpando ọhụrụ. [[Usòrò:Jazz_musician_Duke_Ellington.JPEG|thumb|Ellington na-ese foto na piano ya na KFG Radio Studio na Nọvemba 3, 1954.]] Ellington gara n'ihu n'ụzọ nke ya site na mgbanwe tectonic ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na a manyere Count Basie ịgbasa mkpokọta ya ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka octet ruo nwa oge, Ellington nwere ike ịgagharị ọtụtụ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe n'etiti Eprel 6 na June 30, 1950, ebe ndị egwu egwu na-egwu ụbọchị 74 n'ime ụbọchị 77.[1] N'oge njem ahụ, dịka Sonny Greer siri kwuo, Ellington arụghị ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ.Agbanyeghị, ihe mejupụtara Ellington gbatịrị agbatị, Harlem (1950), nọ na-emecha n'oge a. Ellington mechara wepụta akara ya nye Onye isi ala hụrụ egwu n'anya Harry Truman. Ọzọkwa n'oge ya na Europe, Ellington ga-edepụta egwu maka ihe ngosi nke Orson Welles. Oge akpọrọ Time na-agba ọsọ na Paris[1] na mgbede na Orson Welles na Frankfurt, ihe ngosi dị iche iche gosikwara Eartha Kitt ọhụrụ achọpụtara, onye rụrụ egwu izizi Ellington bụ "Agụụ obere nsogbu" dị ka Helen nke Troy. Na 1951, Ellington nwere nnukwu mfu nke ndị ọrụ: Sonny Greer, Lawrence Brown, na, nke kachasị mkpa, Johnny Hodges hapụrụ ịchụso ihe omume ndị ọzọ. Agbanyeghị, naanị Greer bụ onye ọpụpụ na-adịgide adịgide. Drummer Louie Bellson nọchiri Greer, na "Skin Deep" ya bụ ihe egwu maka Ellington. Onye ọkpụkpọ Tenor Paul Gonsalves sonyeere na Disemba 1950[1] mgbe oge ya na Count Basie na Dizzy Gillespie gachara wee nọrọ ruo oge ndụ ya niile, ebe Clark Terry sonyeere na Nọvemba 1951.<ref>Ken Vail ''Duke's Diary: The Life of Duke Ellington'', Lanham, Maryland & Oxford, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2002, p. 28.</ref> André Previn kwuru na 1952, sị: "Ị maara, Stan Kenton nwere ike iguzo n'ihu otu puku fiddles na otu puku ọla kọpa ma mee ihe ngosi dị ịrịba ama na onye ọ bụla na-ahazi studio nwere ike isi n'isi ya kwuo, sị, Ee, ee, nke a mere dị ka nke a. Ma Duke na-ebuli mkpịsị aka ya elu, mpi atọ na-ada ụda, amaghịkwa m ihe ọ bụ!"[1] Otú ọ dị, na 1955, mgbe afọ atọ nke ndekọ maka Capitol gasịrị, Ellington enweghị njikọ ndekọ mgbe niile. === Mweghachi ọrụ === Ọdịdị Ellington na Newport Jazz Festival na July 7, 1956, mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama. Akụkụ "Diminuendo na Crescendo na Blue" nwere egwu abụọ dị n'akwụkwọ egwu ahụ kemgbe 1937. Ellington, onye kwụsịrị usoro a haziri na mberede n'ihi mbata nke ndị isi anọ, kpọrọ egwu abụọ ahụ ka oge na-eru nso n'etiti abalị. N'ịkpọsa na a ga-ekewapụ akụkụ abụọ ahụ site na mkparịta ụka nke tenor saxophonist Paul Gonsalves na-egwu, Ellington gara n'ihu duzie ìgwè ahụ site na ibe abụọ ahụ, ya na Gonsalves '27-chorus marathon solo na-akụ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ n'oké iwe, na-eduga Maestro na-egwu egwu. gafere oge ị na-alọta n'agbanyeghị arịrịọ ngwa ngwa sitere n'aka onye nhazi ememme George Wein ka o weta mmemme ahụ na njedebe. Egwuregwu ahụ mere akụkọ mba ụwa, wee bute otu n'ime akụkọ mkpuchi akwụkwọ akụkọ Time ise nke raara nye onye egwu jazz, [1] wee rụpụta album nke George Avakian mepụtara nke ga-abụ LP kacha ere nke ọrụ Ellington.[2] Ọtụtụ n'ime egwu dị na LP bụ, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, simulated, na naanị ihe dị ka 40% n'ezie sitere na egwu n'onwe ya. Dị ka Avakian si kwuo, Ellington enweghị afọ ojuju na akụkụ nke mmemme ahụ ma chee na ndị egwu ahụ emeghị nke ọma.<ref name="Sohmer">Jack Sohmer [http://jazztimes.com/articles/10496-ellington-at-newport-1956-complete-duke-ellington "Duke Ellington: ''Ellington at Newport 1956'' (Complete)"] ''JazzTimes'', October 1999.</ref> Ìgwè ahụ gbakọtara n'ụbọchị na-esote iji dekọọ ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ na mgbakwunye nke ụda adịgboroja nke ìgwè mmadụ, nke ọ dịghị nke a kpughere ndị zụrụ abọm ahụ. Ọ bụghị ruo n'afọ 1999 ka a tọhapụrụ ndekọ egwu ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na nke mbụ ya. Nlebara anya ahụ eweghachitere nke ọdịdị Newport wetara ekwesịghị iju onye ọ bụla anya, Johnny Hodges alọghachila n'afọ gara aga, [1] na mmekorita Ellington na Strayhorn ka emegharịrị n'otu oge ahụ, n'okpuru usoro dị mma nye onye okorobịa ahụ. Abọm mbụ ''Ellington na Newport'' bụ nke mbụ a tọhapụrụ na nkwekọrịta ndekọ ọhụrụ na Columbia Records nke mere ka ọtụtụ afọ nke ndekọ kwụsie ike, karịsịa n'okpuru onye na-emepụta Irving Townsend, onye mere ka ma azụmahịa ma nka site na Ellington.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wein|first=George|title=Myself Among Others: A Life in Music|url=https://archive.org/details/myselfamongother00wain|publisher=Da Capo Press|year=2003}}</ref> N'afọ 1957, CBS (ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna Columbia Records) wesara mmepụta telivishọn dị ndụ nke A Drum Is a Woman, ụlọ ihe atụ nke natara nyocha dị iche iche. Ememe ngosi na Monterey Jazz Festival ọhụrụ na ebe ndị ọzọ nyere ebe maka ikpughe ndụ, na njem ndị Europe na 1958 nabatara nke ọma. Dị otú ahụ Sweet Thunder (1957), nke dabeere na Shakespeare si ejije na agwa, na The Queen's Suite (1958), nke a raara nye Britain Queen Elizabeth II, bụ ngwaahịa nke ọhụrụ mkpali nke Newport ọdịdị nyere aka kee. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ nke ikpeazụ abụghị nke azụmahịa n'oge ahụ. N'ọgwụgwụ 1950s hụkwara Ella Fitzgerald ka ya na Ellington na ndị egwú ya dekọọ Duke Ellington Songbook (Verve) - nkwenye na abụ Ellington aghọwozi akụkụ nke omenala omenala a maara dị ka 'Great American Songbook.'. [[Usòrò:James_Stewart-Duke_Ellington_in_Anatomy_of_a_Murder_trailer.jpg|thumb|James Stewart na Ellington na Anatomy of a Murder (1959) ]] N'oge a, Ellington na Strayhorn malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri. Nke mbụ n'ime ndị a bụ Anatomy of a Murder (1959), <ref name="Hodeir">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/08731|title=Ellington, Duke|author=Hodeir|first=André|work=Oxford Music Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> ihe nkiri ụlọ ikpe nke Otto Preminger duziri ma gosipụta James Stewart, nke Ellington pụtara n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ okporo ụzọ. Ndị na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme eme eme amatala akara ahụ "dị ka ihe ịrịba ama - egwu ihe nkiri Hollywood mbụ dị mkpa site n'aka ndị Africa America nke gụnyere egwu na-abụghị nke a na-ahụ anya, ya bụ, egwu nke isi iyi ya anaghị ahụ anya ma ọ bụ na-apụta site n'omume na fim ahụ, dị ka otu egwu na ihuenyo. "Akara ahụ gbanarị stereotypes omenala bụ nke mara ọkwa jazz na mbụ wee jụ ịrapagidesi ike na visuals n'ụzọ ndị e debere sinima New Wave nke '60s'. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Steinbeck Sweet Thursday, Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite na Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt. Paris Blues (1961) sochiri Anatomy of Murder, nke gosipụtara Paul Newman na Sidney Poitier dị ka ndị egwu jazz. Maka ọrụ a, a họpụtara Ellington maka ihe nrite Academy Award for Best Score Na mmalite 1960s, Ellington nakweere ndekọ ya na ndị na-ese ihe bụ ndị na-eme enyi n'oge gara aga ma ọ bụ ndị na-eto eto na-egwu egwu bụ ndị lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị ndị ọzọ. Edekọrọ ndị egwu egwu Ellington na Count Basie yana ọba oge mbụ! Ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ zutere Duke (1961). N'ime oge mgbe Ellington nọ n'etiti nkwekọrịta ndekọ, o mere ndekọ na Louis Armstrong (Roulette), Coleman Hawkins, John Coltrane (ma maka Impulse) wee soro na nnọkọ ya na Charles Mingus na Max Roach nke mepụtara Money Jungle (United Artists) album. Ọ bịanyere aka na akara ọhụrụ Reprise Frank Sinatra, mana njikọ ya na akara ahụ adịteghị aka. Ndị na-agụ egwú bụ ndị ya na Ellington rụburu ọrụ laghachiri na Orchestra dị ka ndị otu: Lawrence Brown na 1960 na Cootie Williams na 1962.<blockquote>Ide na ịkpọ egwu bụ ihe gbasara ebumnuche... Ị pụghị ịtụba brọsh na mgbidi ma kpọọ ihe ọ bụla na-eme nka. Egwú m dabara na àgwà ụda nke onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ. Echere m n'ụzọ siri ike n'ihe gbasara ịgbanwe egwu m iji mee ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwee mmasị na egwu mberede. Ị pụghị iwere doodling n'ụzọ siri ike.<ref name="current"/></blockquote>Ọ nọ ugbu a na-eme ihe nkiri n'ụwa niile ma na-etinye akụkụ dị mkpa nke afọ ọ bụla na njem nleta esenidụt. N'ihi ya, ọ malitere mmekọrịta ọhụrụ na ndị na-ese ihe si gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere onye na-agụ egwú Swedish Alice Babs, na ndị egwu South Africa Dollar Brand na Sathima Bea Benjamin (A Morning na Paris, 1963/1997). Ellington dere akara mbụ maka mmepụta nke onye nduzi Michael Langham nke Shakespeare's Timon nke Athens na Stratford Festival na Ontario, Canada, nke meghere na Julaị 29, 1963. Langham ejirila ya mee ihe maka mmepụta ihe dị iche iche na-esote, gụnyere mgbanwe dị ukwuu nke Stanley Silverman. jiri ụfọdụ ọrụ Ellington kacha mara amara gbasaa akara ahụ. === Afọ ndị gara aga === [[Usòrò:Richard_Nixon_and_Duke_Ellington_1969.jpg|thumb|Ellington na-anata ihe nrite nke nnwere onwe nke Onye isi ala Nixon na 1969]] Edepụtara Ellington maka ihe nrite Pulitzer maka egwu na 1965. Agbanyeghị, ọ nweghị ihe nrite e mechara nye n'afọ ahụ.[1] Mgbe ahụ ọ dị afọ 66, ọ kwara ọchị, sị: "Akara aka na-emere m ebere, akara aka anaghị achọ ka m bụrụ onye a ma ama na nwata."N'afọ 1999, e nyere ya ihe nrite Pulitzer pụrụ iche "na-echeta afọ narị afọ nke ọmụmụ ya, n'ịkwado amamihe egwu egwu ya, bụ nke kpalitere ụkpụrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ọma site na jazz ma si otú a nye aka na nkà na omenala. " Na Septemba 1965, ọ malitere ihe ngosi izizi ya dị nsọ. O kere jazz Christian liturgy. Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ahụ nwetara nyocha dị iche iche, Ellington nwere obi ụtọ maka ihe mejupụtara ya ma rụọ ya ọtụtụ oge. Abụọ ndị ọzọ nwere otu ụdị sochiri egwu a na 1968 na 1973, nke a maara dị ka egwu egwu nke abụọ na nke atọ. Ọtụtụ ndị hụrụ ụlọ egwu dị nsọ dị ka mgbalị iji kwalite nkwado azụmahịa maka okpukpe a haziri ahazi. Agbanyeghị, Ellington kwuru naanị na ọ bụ “ihe kacha mkpa m megoro”.[1] Piano Steinway nke e debere ihe nkiri dị nsọ bụ akụkụ nke mkpokọta Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. Dị ka Haydn na Mozart, Ellington si na piano na-eduzi ndị egwú ya—ọ na-akpọkarị akụkụ ahụigodo mgbe a na-eme ihe nkiri dị nsọ.<ref name="NMAH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.piano300.si.edu/collectn.htm|title=Ellington's Steinway Grand|publisher=National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=August 26, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810022114/http://piano300.si.edu/collectn.htm|archivedate=August 10, 2008}}</ref> Duke tụgharịrị afọ 65 n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1964 mana o gosipụtaghị akara ọ bụla nke iji nwayọ nwayọ ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-edekọ ọrụ ndị dị ịrịba ama dịka The Far East Suite (1966), New Orleans Suite (1970), The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse (1971) na Latin American Suite (1972), ọtụtụ n'ime ya sitere na njegharị ụwa ya. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ na Frank Sinatra dekọtara naanị album ya, akpọrọ Francis A. & Edward K. (1967). Na 1972-1974 Ellington rụrụ ọrụ na opera naanị ya, Queenie Pie, yana Maurice Peress. Ellington nwetara echiche ide opera gbasara onye ịma mma ojii n'afọ ndị 1930, mana o mechabeghị ya. N'etiti ihe ngosi ikpeazụ Ellington na ndị egwú ya mere bụ otu na Machị 21, 1973, na Purdue University's Hall of Music, abụọ na Machị 22, 1973, na Sturges-Young Auditorium na Sturgis, Michigan <ref>{{Cite book|author=Vail|first=Ken|title=Duke's Diary: The Life of Duke Ellington|year=2002|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0810841192|pages=449–452|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9b-fWBgzVQC&pg=PA449}}</ref> na Eastbourne Performance na Disemba 1, 1973, e mechara wepụta ya na LP. Ellington mere ihe a na-ewere dị ka egwu egwu ikpeazụ ya zuru oke n'ụlọ ịgba egwú na Mahadum Northern Illinois na Machị 20, 1974. Kemgbe afọ 1980, a raara ụlọ ịgba egwú ahụ nye dị ka "Duke Ellington Ballroom". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niu.edu/PubAffairs/RELEASES/2003/nov/ellington.shtml|title=NIU to rededicate Duke Ellington Ballroom during Nov. 6 NIU Jazz Ensemble concert|author=McGowan|first=Mark|date=November 3, 2003|publisher=Northern Illinois University|accessdate=July 14, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625194727/http://www.niu.edu/PubAffairs/RELEASES/2003/nov/ellington.shtml|archivedate=June 25, 2009}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == [[Usòrò:Duke_Ellington_1.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ellington na 1973]] Ellington lụrụ onye ọ hụrụ n'anya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Edna Thompson (nwụrụ n'afọ 1967), na Julai 2, 1918, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19. N'oge opupu ihe ubi na-esote, na Machị 11, 1919, Edna mụrụ naanị nwa ha nwoke, Mercer Kennedy Ellington. <ref name="hasse49">{{Harvnb|Hasse|1995|p=49}}</ref> Nwunye ya na nwa ya nwoke sonyeere Ellington na New York City na ngwụcha 1920s, mana di na nwunye ahụ kewapụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya.[1] Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ọnwụ ya na magazin Jet si kwuo, ọ "na-agụ Washington agụụ" wee laghachi.[2] N'afọ 1929, Ellington ghọrọ onye mmekọ Mildred Dixon, [1] bụ onye ya na ya na-eme njem, jikwaa egwu Tempo, egwu sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, dịka "Nwanyị Ọkachamara",[2] n'oge ọrụ ya kacha elu, ma zụlite nwa ya nwoke. [[Usòrò:Mildred_Dixon_-_Duke_Ellington's_wife.jpg|thumb|Mercer zoro aka na Mildred Dixon dị ka nne ya.]] N'afọ 1938, ọ hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya (nwa ya nwoke dị afọ iri na itoolu) wee soro Beatrice "Evie" Ellis, onye ọrụ Cotton Club biri. Mmekọrịta ha, ọ bụ ezie na ọgba aghara, gara n'ihu mgbe Ellington zutere ma mepụta mmekọrịta ya na Fernanda de Castro Monte na mbido afọ 1960. Ellington kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ n'oge ndụ ya niile.<ref>Lawrence, 2001, p. 356.</ref> Nwanne nwanyị Ellington Ruth (1915–2004) mechara gbaa Tempo Music, ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta egwu ya.[1] Di nke abụọ Ruth bụ bass-baritone McHenry Boatwright, onye ọ zutere mgbe ọ na-abụ abụ na olili ozu nwanne ya nwoke.[2] Dị ka onye toro eto, nwa nwoke Mercer Ellington (d. 1996) na-akpọ opi na piano, duru ndị otu ya, ma rụọ ọrụ dịka onye njikwa azụmaahịa nna ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mercer-ellington-mn0000405957/biography|title=Mercer Ellington: Biography|author=Yanow|first=Scott|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=November 10, 2020}}</ref> Ellington bụ onye otu Alpha Phi Alpha <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alpha-zsl.org/famousalphas.html|title=Famous Alphas|publisher=Alpha Phi Alpha|accessdate=November 10, 2020|archivedate=April 21, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421180135/http://alpha-zsl.org/famousalphas.html}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa Freemason jikọtara ya na Prince Hall Freemasonry. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jul/02/secret-jazz-freemason-history-duke-ellington-sun-ra|title=The secret history of the jazz greats who were freemasons|first=John|author=Lewis|work=The Guardian|date=July 2, 2014}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Ellington nwụrụ na Mee 24, 1974, n'ihi nsogbu sitere na Ọrịa kansa akpa ume na oyi bara ya n'ahụ, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jones|first=Jack|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-duke-ellington-19740525-story.html|title=From the Archives: Jazz Great Duke Ellington Dies in New York Hospital at 75|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 25, 1974|accessdate=January 31, 2017}}</ref> izu ole na ole mgbe ọ gachara afọ iri asaa na ise. N'ememe olili ozu ya, nke ihe karịrị mmadụ 12,000 bịara na Katidral nke St. John the Divine, Ella Fitzgerald chịkọtara ihe omume ahụ: "Ọ bụ ụbọchị mwute. Onye nwere ọgụgụ isi agafeela". E liri ya n'ebe a na-eli ozu Woodlawn, Bronx, New York City . == Ihe Nketa == === Ihe ncheta === A raara ọtụtụ ihe ncheta nye Duke Ellington n'obodo dị iche iche site na New York na Washington, D.C. ruo Los Angeles. N'ebe ọmụmụ Ellington, Washington, D.C., Duke Ellington School of Arts na-akụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkà bụ ndị na-atụle ọrụ nka na nka site n'inye nkuzi nka na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ iji kwado ụmụ akwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ọrụ ọkachamara. N'afọ 1974, mpaghara ahụ degharịrị aha Calvert Street Bridge, nke e wuru na 1935, dị ka akwa Duke Ellington. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzọ bụ P.S. 004 Duke Ellington na New York. N'afọ 1989, e tinyere ihe ncheta ọla n'ụlọ Duke Ellington a na-akpọ ọhụrụ na 2121 Ward Place NW.[1] N'afọ 2012, onye nwe ụlọ ọhụrụ ahụ nyere ya ihe osise nke Aniekan Udofia nke pụtara n'elu mkpụrụedemede "Duke Ellington". N'afọ 2010 ogige triangular, dị n'ofe okporo ámá site na ebe ọmụmụ Duke Ellington, na nkwụsị nke New Hampshire na M Streets NW, ka akpọrọ Duke Ellington Park. Ebe obibi Ellington na 2728 Sherman Avenue NW, n'ime afọ 1919-1922, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Letter from Curator of the Peabody Library Association of Georgetown, D.C. Mathilde D. Williams to Felix Grant, September 21, 1972|url=http://www.aladin0.wrlc.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=q-01000-00---off-0grant--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10-KEY%2cSU%2cCO%2cPE--4--peabody%2c%2c%2c-----0-1l--11-en-50---20-home-%5bpeabody%5d%3aKEY+--01-3-1-00-0-0-11-0-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=grant&srp=0&srn=0&cl=search&d=HASHbdd7ebe76fe566dcb566d5|publisher=Felix E. Grant Digital Collection|accessdate=December 5, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115110839/http://www.aladin0.wrlc.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=q-01000-00---off-0grant--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10-KEY,SU,CO,PE--4--peabody,,,-----0-1l--11-en-50---20-home-%5bpeabody%5d:KEY+--01-3-1-00-0-0-11-0-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=grant&srp=0&srn=0&cl=search&d=HASHbdd7ebe76fe566dcb566d5|archivedate=January 15, 2016}}</ref> nwere akara ọla nchara. Na Febụwarị 24, 2009, ụlọ ọrụ United States Mint wepụtara mkpụrụ ego nwere Duke Ellington na ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye Africa America mbụ pụtara n'onwe ya na mkpụrụ ego US.<ref name="cnn">{{Cite news|title=Jazz man is first African-American to solo on U.S. circulating coin|publisher=CNN|date=February 24, 2009|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/02/24/duke.ellington.coin/index.html|accessdate=October 3, 2009|quote=The United States Mint launched a new coin Tuesday featuring jazz legend Duke Ellington, making him the first African American to appear by himself on a circulating U.S. coin. [...] The coin was issued to celebrate Ellington's birthplace, the District of Columbia.}}</ref> Ellington pụtara n'akụkụ azụ (ọdụ) nke District of Columbia. <ref name="cnn" /> Mkpụrụ ego ahụ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme US Mint na-asọpụrụ District na mpaghara US <ref name="cnn" /> ma na-eme emume ebe a mụrụ Ellington na District of Columbia.<ref name="mint">United States Mint. Coins and Medals. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160414174747/http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/DCAndTerritories/index.cfm?action=dcterritories&local=DC ''District of Columbia''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414174747/http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/DCAndTerritories/index.cfm?action=dcterritories&local=DC |date=April 14, 2016 }}</ref> E gosipụtara Ellington na nkeji iri na ise ka ọ nọdụrụ na piano, na-eji egwu egwu n'aka, yana ihe odide "Justice for All", nke bụ ụkpụrụ distrikti ahụ. Na 1986, e wepụtara stampụ ncheta nke United States nke gosipụtara myiyi Ellington. [[Usòrò:2009_DC_Proof.png|thumb|Ellington na Washington, D.C., wepụtara na 2009]] Ellington biri afọ ikpeazụ ya na Manhattan, n'ime ụlọ ime obodo na 333 Riverside Drive nso West 106th Street. Nwanne ya nwanyị bụ́ Ruth, bụ́ onye na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta ya, bikwa n’ebe ahụ, nwa ya nwoke bụ́ Mercer bikwa n’akụkụ ya. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, West 106th Street ka ahagharịrị aha Duke Ellington Boulevard. A raara nnukwu ihe ncheta Ellington, nke onye na-ese ihe Robert Graham mepụtara, nye na 1997 na Central Park nke New York, nso Fifth Avenue na 110th Street, ebe a na-akpọ Duke Ellington Circle. E gosipụtara ihe oyiyi Ellington na piano n'ọnụ ụzọ UCLA's Schoenberg Hall. Dị ka magazin UCLA si kwuo   Essentially Ellington High School Jazz Band Competition and Festival bụ asọmpi a ma ama kwa afọ maka ndị otu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị a ma ama. Malite na 1996 na Jazz na Lincoln Center, a na-akpọ emume ahụ aha Ellington n'ihi na emume ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ ya. === Ụtụ === Mgbe Duke nwụsịrị, nwa ya nwoke bụ Mercer weghaara onye isi nke ndị egwu egwu, na-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1996. Dị ka Count Basie Orchestra, "ghost band" a nọgidere na-ahapụ albums ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Digital Duke, nke ekwuru na Duke Ellington Orchestra, meriri ihe nrite Grammy nke 1988 maka Album nnukwu Jazz kacha mma. Mercer Ellington anọwo na-ejikwa akụkụ nchịkwa niile nke azụmahịa nna ya kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ. Ụmụ Mercer na-aga n'ihu na njikọ na ọrụ nna nna ha. Gunther Schuller dere na 1989:<blockquote>Ellington dere ihe n'akwụsịghị akwụsị ruo n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. Egwú bụ n'ezie onye isi ya; ọ bụ ndụ ya zuru oke na mkpebi ya na ya enweghị atụ na nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe. Na jazz ọ bụ dike n'etiti ndị dike. Na egwu nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ọ nwere ike ịbụ otu ụbọchị ka a ga-amata ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi iri na abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'oge anyị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Schuller|first=Gunther|title=The Swing Era|url=https://archive.org/details/swingeradevelopm0000schu|year=1989|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=019504312X}}</ref>: 157 </blockquote>Martin Williams kwuru, sị: "Duke Ellington dịrị ndụ ogologo oge iji nụ aha ya n'etiti ndị na-ede egwú anyị kacha mma. Ma kemgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1974, ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ịhụ aha ya, yana Charles Ives, dị ka onye na-ede egwú kacha mma anyị mepụtara. , n'agbanyeghị ụdịdị."<ref>Martin Williams, liner notes, ''Duke Ellington's Symphony in Black'', The Smithsonian Jazz Repertory Ensemble conducted by [[Gunther Schuller]], The [[Smithsonian]] Collections recording, 1980.</ref> N'echiche nke Bob Blumenthal nke The Boston Globe na 1999: "[i] narị afọ kemgbe a mụrụ ya, ọ dịghị onye na-ede egwú ka ukwuu, onye America ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ, karịa Edward Kennedy Ellington. N'afọ 2002, onye ọkà mmụta Molefi Kete Asante depụtara Duke Ellington na ndepụta ya nke 100 Greatest African Americans. [[Usòrò:Duke_Ellington_star_HWF.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Star na Hollywood Walk of Fame na 6535 Hollywood Blvd.]] Ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eti egwu n'ụwa niile eleghachila ihe ndị o dere dị ka isi iyi nke mkpali na ntọala nke ọrụ ha: * Dave Brubeck raara "The Duke" (1954) nye Ellington ma ọ ghọrọ ọkọlọtọ nke ndị ọzọ kpuchiri, <ref>{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=song|id=t933027|pure_url=yes}}|title='The Duke' by Dave Brubeck: song review, recordings, covers|work=AllMusic|accessdate=March 21, 2007}}</ref> gụnyere Miles Davis na Miles Ahead, 1957. Abọm The Real Ambassadors nwere olu olu nke egwu a, "You Swing Baby (The Duke) ", nke nwere okwu nke Iola Brubeck, nwunye Dave Brubeck. A na-eme ya dị ka abụ abụọ n'etiti Louis Armstrong na Carmen McRae. A raara ya nye Duke Ellington. * Miles Davis mepụtara egwu ya nke ọkara awa "Ọ hụrụ ya n'anya Madly" (na Get Up with It) dị ka ụtụ nye Ellington otu ọnwa mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. * Charles Mingus, onye Ellington chụpụrụ ọtụtụ iri afọ gara aga, dere abụ "Duke Ellington's Sound Of Love" na 1974, ọnwa ole na ole mgbe ọnwụ Ellington gasịrị. * Stevie Wonder dere egwu "Sir Duke" dị ka ụtụ nye Ellington, nke pụtara na album ya Songs in the Key of Life wepụtara na 1976. E nwere ọtụtụ narị abọm a raara nye egwu Duke Ellington na Billy Strayhorn site n'aka ndị omenkà a ma ama na ndị a na-amaghị ama. Sophisticated Ladies, ihe nrite egwu nke 1981 nwetara, tinyere ọtụtụ egwu sitere na repertoire Ellington. Egwú nke abụọ nke Broadway na-etinye egwu Ellington, Play On!''Gwuo Egwu!'', nke mbụ ya na 1997. == Nkọwapụta == == Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ == * 1960, Hollywood Walk of Fame, onyinye maka ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ * 1964, Honorary Doctorate of Humanities site na Milton College * 1966, Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref name="pulitzer"/> * 1969, Presidential Medal of Freedom, ihe nrite kachasị elu nke ndị nkịtị na US <ref name="pulitzer" /> * 1971, onye Honorary PhD si Berklee College of Music <ref name="pulitzer" /> * 1973, Legion of Honour nke France, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke ndị nkịtị. <ref name="pulitzer" /> * 1999, [[Ihe nrite Pulitzer]] pụrụ iche maka onyinye ndụ ya na egwu na ọdịbendị === Ihe nrite Grammy === Ellington nwetara ihe nrite Grammy iri na anọ site na 1959 ruo 2000 (atọ n'ime ha bụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ) na ngụkọta nke nhọpụta iri abụọ na ise {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |'''Duke Ellington Grammy Award History'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/factsheets/awardsdb/env-awards-db-search,0,7169155.htmlstory?searchtype=all&query=Duke+Ellington&x=8&y=6|title=Entertainment Awards Database|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=February 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="GRAMMYs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/duke-ellington|title=Duke Ellington – Artist – www.grammy.com|publisher=Recording Academy|accessdate=April 12, 2018|date=May 22, 2018|archive-date=March 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324105052/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/duke-ellington|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !Afọ !Ụdị !Aha ya !Ụdị !Nsonaazụ |- align="center" |1999 |Album Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme |Duke Ellington Centennial EditionRCA Victor Recordings (1927-1973) <br /> |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1979 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma, Big Band |Duke Ellington Na Fargo, 1940 Live |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1976 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma site na Nnukwu Òtù |''Ụlọ Ellington'' |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1972 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma site na Nnukwu Òtù |''Togo Brava Suite'' |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1971 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma site na Nnukwu Òtù |''Ụlọ Nzukọ nke New Orleans'' |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1971 |Egwú Ndị Kasị Mma |Ụlọ Nzukọ nke New Orleans |Ịdepụta / Ịhazi| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1970 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma - Nnukwu Ìgwè ma ọ bụ Onye Na-egwu N'onwe ya na Nnukwu Ìhè |Duke Ellington - Egwuregwu Afọ Iri Abụọ |Jazz| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1968 |Onyinye Ndị Nlekọta |Ihe nrite National Trustees - 1968 |Onyinye Pụrụ Iche| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1968 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma - Nnukwu GroupOr Onye Na-egwu Egwú Na Nnukwu Group<br /> |''...Nne Ya kpọrọ Ya Bill'' |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1967 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma, Nnukwu GroupOr Onye Na-egwu Egwú Na Nnukwu Group<br /> |''Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa'' |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1966 |Bing Crosby Award - Aha gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ GRAMMY Lifetime Achievement Award na 1982. |Bing Crosby Award - Aha gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ GRAMMY Lifetime Achievement Award na 1982. |Onyinye Pụrụ Iche| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1966 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma |"N'ime mmalite Chineke" |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1966 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma - Ìgwè ma ọ bụ Onye Na-egwu N'onwe ya na Ìgwè |''Egwú Dị Nsọ'' (Album) |Jazz| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1965 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma - Nnukwu Ìgwè ma ọ bụ Onye Na-egwu Egwú Na Nnukwu Ìhè<br /> |''Ellington '66'' |Jazz| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1965 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma |Virgin Islands Suite |Jazz| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1964 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma |Ihe E Kere Eke n'abalị |Jazz| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1964 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma - Nnukwu Ìgwè (Instrumental) |''Oge Mbụ!'' (Album) |Jazz| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1961 |Egwú Egwú Egwu Egwu Egwú Egwe Egwu Egwe Egwú Egwuregwu Egwu Egwuregwu Egwú Egbu Egwu Egbu Egwú Egbugbu Egwu |"Paris Blues" |Ịdepụta / Ịhazi| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1961 |Best Sound Track Album ma ọ bụ Nchịkọta nke Score site na Motion Picture ma ọ bụ Television |''Paris Blues'' (Motion Picture) (Album) |Egwú maka Mgbasa Ozi Anya| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1960 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma ma ọ bụ Obere Ìgwè |Back To Back - Duke Ellington na Johnny Hodges Play The Blues |Jazz| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1960 |Egwú Jazz Kasị Mma nke Ihe karịrị nkeji ise |Asụsụ '59 |Jazz| {{Nom}} |- align="center" |1959 |Egwuregwu Kasị Mma site n'Òtù Egwú |''Anatomy nke Ogbugbu'' |Pop| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1959 |Egwú Kasị Mma nke Mbụ E dekọrọ ma wepụta ya na 1959 (Ọtụtụ Ihe karịrị nkeji ise) <br /><br /> |''Anatomy nke Ogbugbu'' |Ịde egwú| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1959 |Best Sound Track Album - Background ScoreFrom A Motion Picture Or Television<br /> |''Anatomy nke Ogbugbu'' |Ịde egwú| {{Won}} |- align="center" |1959 |Egwuregwu Jazz Kasị Mma - Ìgwè |Ellington Jazz Party (Album) |Jazz| {{Nom}} |} === Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Grammy === A na-etinye ihe ndekọ nke Duke Ellington n'ime Grammy Hall of Fame, ihe nrite Grammy pụrụ iche e guzobere na 1973 iji sọpụrụ ihe ndekọ dịkarịa ala afọ 25 nke nwere ihe dị mkpa ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |'''Duke Ellington: Grammy Hall of Fame AwardIhe nrite Grammy Hall of Fame'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame|title=Grammy Hall Of Fame|publisher=Grammy.org|accessdate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122042616/http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame|archivedate=January 22, 2011}}</ref> |- !Afọ E dekọrọ !Aha ya !Ụdị !Akara !Afọ A Na-etinye Ya |- align="center" |1932 |"Ọ pụtaghị na ọ bụ ihe (Ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ihe ahụ) " |Jazz (otu) |Brunswick |2008 |- align="center" |1934 |"Cocktails maka Abụọ" |Jazz (otu) |Mmeri |2007 |- align="center" |1957 |''Ellington na Newport'' |Jazz (album) |Columbia |2004 |- align="center" |1956 |"Diminuendo na Crescendo na Blue" |Jazz (otu) |Columbia |1999 |- align="center" |1967 |''Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa'' |Jazz (album) |RCA |1999 |- align="center" |1944 |''Black, Brown na Beige'' |Jazz (otu) |RCA Victor |1990 |- align="center" |1928 |"Ọchịchị ojii na nke Tan Fantasy" |Jazz (otu) |Mmeri |1981 |- align="center" |1941 |"Buru ụgbọ okporo ígwè "A" |Jazz (otu) |Mmeri |1976 |- align="center" |1931 |"Mood Indigo" |Jazz (otu) |Brunswick |1975 |} === Nsọpụrụ na ntinye aka === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ụdị !Ihe edeturu |- align="center" |2022 |Ntọala |June 18, 2022 |- align="center" |2009 |Ihe ncheta nke U.S. |D.C. na U.S. Territories Quarters Program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/DCAndTerritories/|title=The United States Mint · About The Mint|publisher=Usmint.gov|accessdate=February 2, 2013|archivedate=February 25, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225011425/http://www.usmint.gov/mint%5Fprograms/dcandterritories/}}</ref><ref name="wapo">{{Cite news|author=Sheridan, Mary Beth|title=Ellington Comes Out Ahead in Coin Tossup|work=The Washington Post|date=June 20, 2008|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/19/AR2008061904090.html|accessdate=October 3, 2009}}</ref> |- align="center" |2008 |Gennett Records Walk of Fame | |- align="center" |2004 |Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fameat Jazz na Lincoln Center<br /> | |- align="center" |1999 |Ihe nrite Pulitzer |Nkwupụta Pụrụ Iche<ref name="pulitzer"/> |- align="center" |1992 |Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame | |- align="center" |1986 |22¢ stampụ ncheta US |E wepụtara ya n'April 29, 1986<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.centerforjazzarts.org/usps_exhibition2.html#ellington|title=Featured Exhibition|publisher=Center for Jazz Arts|accessdate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518025241/http://www.centerforjazzarts.org/usps_exhibition2.html#ellington|archivedate=May 18, 2013}}</ref> |- align="center" |1978 |Nnukwu Òtù Na-ewu ewu na Jazz | |- align="center" |1973 |Ndị agha France nke Nsọpụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/d5301c13.htm|title=NMAH Archives Center|publisher=Americanhistory.si.edu|accessdate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130222214/http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/d5301c13.htm|archivedate=January 30, 2012}}</ref> |July 6, 1973 |- align="center" |1973 |Degree Honorary na Music site na Mahadum Columbia |Mee 16, 1973 |- align="center" |1971 |Degree Doctorate Honorary site na Berklee College of Music | |- align="center" |1971 |Honorary Doctor of Music site na Mahadum Howard <ref>{{Cite web|title=Recipients of Honorary Degrees (By Year)|publisher=Howard University|url=http://www.howard.edu/secretary/convocations/recipients-year.htm}}</ref> | |- align="center" |1971 |Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị A Ma Ama | |- align="center" |1969 |Ihe nrite nke Nnwere Onwe Onye isi ala | |- align="center" |1968 |Ihe nrite Grammy Trustees |Ihe nrite pụrụ iche |- align="center" |1967 |Honorary Doctor of Music Degree site na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]] <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Galston|first=Arthur|title=The Duke & I: A professor explains how jazz legend Duke Ellington became a doctor in 1967|journal=Yale Alumni Magazine|date=October 2002|url=http://archive.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_10/outoftheblue.html|archive-date=2013-11-01|access-date=2024-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101121339/http://archive.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_10/outoftheblue.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yale Honorary Degree Recipients|publisher=Yale University|url=http://ris-systech2.its.yale.edu/hondegrees/hondegrees.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521015848/http://ris-systech2.its.yale.edu/hondegrees/hondegrees.asp|archivedate=May 21, 2015}}</ref> | |- align="center" |1966 |Ihe nrite Grammy Lifetime Achievement | |- align="center" |1964 |Degree nsọpụrụ, Milton College, Wisconsin | |- align="center" |1959 |Ihe nrite Spingarn nke NAACP | |- align="center" |1957 |Deutscher Filmpreis: Egwú Kasị Mma |Ihe nrite e nwetara maka ihe nkiri ''Jona'' na onye na-ede egwu ibe ya bụ Winfried Zillig |- align="center" |1956 |Onye a nabatara na DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame | |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị nwere synesthesia == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ == * {{Cite book|editor=Africville Genealogy Society|title=The Spirit of Africville|location=Halifax|publisher=Formac Publishing|origdate=1992|date=2010|isbn=978-0887809255}} * {{Cite book|author=Büchmann-Møller|first=Frank|title=Someone to Watch Over Me: The Life and Music of Ben Webster|url=https://archive.org/details/someonetowatchov00fran|location=Ann Arbor, MI|publisher=The University of Michigan Press|date=2006|isbn=978-0472114702}} * {{Cite book|author=Cohen|first=Harvey G.|title=Duke Ellington's America|url=https://archive.org/details/dukeellingtonsam0000cohe|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=2010|isbn=978-0226112633}} ** {{Cite web|author=Cohen|first=Harvey|title=An excerpt from Duke Ellington's America|url=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/112633.html|work=University of Chicago Press|date=2010}} * {{Cite book|author=Ellington|first=Duke|title=Music Is My Mistress|url=https://archive.org/details/musicismymistres0000elli|location=New York|publisher=Da Capo|date=1976|isbn=0704330903}} * {{Cite book|author=Green|first=Edward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq30BQAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Duke+Ellington%22|title=The Cambridge Companion to Duke Ellington|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2015|isbn=978-1316194133}} * {{Cite book|author=Hajdu|first=David|title=Lush Life: A Biography of Billy Strayhorn|url=https://archive.org/details/lushlifebiograph00hajdu|location=New York|publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux|date=1996|isbn=978-0865475120}} * .  * {{Cite book|author=Hasse|first=John Edward|title=Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington|location=New York|publisher=Da Capo|date=1995|isbn=0306806142}} * {{Cite book|author=Lawrence|first=A. H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5IflVdS5XgC|title=Duke Ellington and His World: A Biography|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2001|isbn=041593012X}} * Ọ na-ekpuchi njem na ihe nkiri niile nke Duke site na ihe nkiri mkpirikpi nke 1929 Black and Tan gaa n'ihu.{{Cite book|author=Stratemann|first=Klaus|title=Duke Ellington: Day by Day and Film by Film|url=https://archive.org/details/dukeellingtonday0000stra|location=Copenhagen|publisher=JazzMedia|date=1992|isbn=8788043347}} * {{Cite book|author=Teachout|first=Terry|year=2015|title=Duke|location=New York|publisher=Gotham Books|isbn=978-1592407491|url=https://archive.org/details/dukelifeofdukeel0000unse}} * {{Cite book|author=Terkel|first=Studs|title=Giants of Jazz|url=https://archive.org/details/giantsofjazz00terke|edition=2nd|location=New York|publisher=The New Press|date=2002|isbn=978-1565847699}} * {{Cite book|editor=Tucker|title=The Duke Ellington Reader|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1993|isbn=978-0195093919}} * {{Cite book|editor=Weisbard|title=This Is Pop: In Search of the Elusive at Experience Music Project|url=https://archive.org/details/thisispopinsearc00weis|location=Cambridge|publisher=Harvard University Press|date=2004|isbn=0674013441}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Brothers|first=Thomas|title=Help!: The Beatles, Duke Ellington, and the Magic of Collaboration|url=https://archive.org/details/helpbeatlesdukee0000brot|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|year=2018|isbn=978-0393246230|location=New York, NY}} *   * {{Cite book|author=Ellington|first=Mercer|title=Duke Ellington in Person|url=https://archive.org/details/dukeellingtoninp00elli_0|location=Boston|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|date=1978|isbn=0395257115}} * {{Cite book|author=Morton|first=John Fass|title=Backstory in Blue: Ellington at Newport '56|year=2008|url=https://archive.org/details/backstoryinbluee0000mort|location=|publisher=Rutgers University Press}} * Karịsịa peeji nke 318-357.{{Cite book|author=Schuller, Gunther|title=Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1986|isbn=978-0195040432}}&nbsp; * Esp. peeji nke 46-157.{{Cite book|author=Schuller|first=Gunther|title=The Swing Era: The Development Of Jazz, 1930–1945|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2005|isbn=978-0195071405}}&nbsp; * {{Cite book|author=Tucker|first=Mark|title=Ellington, The Early Years|url=https://archive.org/details/ellingtonearlyye0000tuck|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|date=1991|isbn=0252014251}} * {{Cite book|author=Ulanov|first=Barry|title=Duke Ellington|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_Y0-CHR-781|publisher=Creative Age Press|date=1946}} == Njikọ mpụga ==    * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/08731 Duke Ellington] na Grove Music Online (site na ndenye aha) * [https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/7/resources/5484 Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Duke Ellington] na Oral History of American Music * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100204185958/http://www.dukeellingtonlegacy.com/ Duke Ellington Legacy Big Band & Duke Ellington legacy Band] - ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke nzukọ ezinụlọ Duke Ellington * {{IMDb name|254153|Duke Ellington}} * Duke EllingtonnaEbe nchekwa data nke Intanet Broadway * [https://lccn.loc.gov/2016570577 Nchịkọta Art Pilkington metụtara Duke Ellington, 1919-1974] na Library of CongressỌ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Congress * Duke Ellington na Billy Strayhorn: Jazz Composers - ngosi Eprel-June 2009 na NMAH * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180314031125/http://ellington2008.org/ Duke Ellington: Nzukọ Mba Nile nke 20], London, May 2008 * Duke EllingtonnaỌ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Congress, nke nwere ihe ndekọ 1653 nke ọbá akwụkwọ * [[iarchive:EdwardKennedyDukeEllington|FBI faịlụ banyere Edward Kennedy Duke Ellington]] * [https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102155 Ihe ndekọ Duke Ellington] na Discography of American Historical Recordings. * A kọtaghachiri ndụ ya na ihe nkiri redio nke 1948 "Echos of Harlem", ihe ngosi sitere na Destination Freedom, nke Richard Durham dere [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ieyhlv3d7cvreuk4qhtqe7ph04q6eb4 0 49288 727847 721803 2026-09-25T06:57:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Jane Duncan''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (amụrụ 7 Julaị 1953) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mrs Jane Duncan|url=http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/25667/Jane-Elsa-DUNCAN|work=Debrett's|accessdate=4 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110101825/http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/25667/Jane-Elsa-DUNCAN|archivedate=10 November 2014}}</ref> bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Britain, dabere na Buckinghamshire . A họpụtara ya n'August 2014 ka onyeisi oche ahọpụtara nke Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), <ref name="bartlett2014">{{Cite web|title=Jane Duncan elected RIBA President|url=http://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture/news/Jane-Duncan-RIBA|work=University College London|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=13 August 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140904152628/http://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture/news/Jane-Duncan-RIBA|archivedate=4 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''University College London''. 13 August 2014. Archived from on 4 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> na-anata 52% nke votu wee bụrụ onye isi oche 75th nke RIBA na 1 September 2015; <ref name="aia2014">{{Cite news|author=Caroline Massie|title=Jane Duncan Elected 75th RIBA President|url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/architects/jane-duncan-elected-75th-riba-president_o.aspx|work=[[Architect (magazine)|Architect]]|publisher=American Institute of Architects|accessdate=23 September 2014|date=23 July 2014}}</ref> Oge ọrụ ya gwụchara na Septemba 1, 2017, mgbe Ben Derbyshire weghaara onye isi ala na-esote ntuli aka ya. <ref>{{Cite news|author=RIBA|title=Ben Derbyshire Elected RIBA President|url=https://www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/knowledge-landing-page/ben-derbyshire-elected-riba-president|publisher=RIBA|accessdate=11 September 2017|archive-date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901153145/https://www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/knowledge-landing-page/ben-derbyshire-elected-riba-president|url-status=dead}}</ref> Duncan zụrụ azụ na The Bartlett, School of Architecture, University College London na 1970s. <ref name="bartlett2014"/> Ọ bụ onye ntụzi Jane Duncan Architects nke hiwere na 1992. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Top architects tell all: Jane Duncan|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/top-architects-tell-all-jane-duncan-849409.html|work=The Independent|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=18 June 2008|archive-date=4 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904232710/http://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/top-architects-tell-all-jane-duncan-849409.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janeduncanarchitects.co.uk/|title=Jane Duncan Architects + Interiors|publisher=Janeduncanarchitects.co.uk|date=|accessdate=2017-02-18}}</ref> == Ntụaka == na-anata 52% nke votu wee bụrụ onye isi oche 75th{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rdjyrk0vd12mvxld2x7hc8vq4uk4ct2 0 50052 727670 706608 2026-09-24T17:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727670 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Eugen Johannessen.png|thumb|Eugen Johannessen]]'''Eugen Monrad Johannessen''' (1892 - 1975) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Norwegian maka Labour Party . Ọ jere ozi na kansụl obodo Oslo, mana amaara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na nzukọ pati ahụ. A makwaara ya dị ka onye na-azụ ahịa, yana onye na-emegide ya n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. == Ọrụ == A mụrụ ya ma tolite na Sakrisbråten na Maridalen . Ọ bụ onye ọrụ aka site n'oge ọ bụ nwata, sonyere n'òtù azụmaahịa mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 na na 1912 ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na nchịkwa okporo ụzọ ọha na Kristiania . O ji nke nta nke nta gaa n'ihu bụrụ onye nyocha. <ref name="vg1" /> <ref name="vg2" /> Ọ bụ onye isi oche otu ndị ọrụ obodo ya, ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke Norwegian Union of Municipal Employees . <ref name="lahlum" /> Site na 1920 ruo 1922 ọ bụ onye otu kansụl obodo, mana ọ hapụrụ ịrụ ọrụ maka ọgbakọ pati ahụ. <ref name="vg1">{{Cite news|title=Eugen Johannessen sloss ofte med biskop Indrebø|author=Opstad|first=Torleiv|date=5 April 1969|work=Verdens Gang|pages=22, 28|language=no}}</ref> <ref name="vg2">{{Cite news|title=En kraftkar fyller år|date=8 October 1952|work=Verdens Gang|page=6|language=no}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye osote onye isi oche etiti site na 1925 ruo 1927 na onye isi oche etiti site na 1927 ruo 1949. Ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Labour Party na Oslo site na 1934 ruo 1940, mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ rutere Norway na otu ahụ ghọrọ ihe a machibidoro iwu n'oge ndị Nazi Germany na-achị Norway . Johannessen nọchiri Einar Gerhardsen ejidere na 1941 dị ka onye ndu nke kọmitii pati na-akwadoghị. <ref name="lahlum" /> Ọ bụkwa onye otu [[Hjemmefrontens Ledelse]] . <ref>{{Cite news|title=De vant freden|author=Hellberg|first=Lars|date=19 November 1988|work=Aftenposten|language=no}}</ref> Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, na 1945 ọ ghọrọ osote onye ndú nke Labour Party. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hjem til avskjed|author=Berntsen|first=Harald|authorlink=Harald Berntsen|date=12 October 1991|work=Dagens Næringsliv|page=20|language=no}}</ref> Ọ gbadara n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1945, mana o duuru kọmitii ntuli aka na mgbakọ mba Labour Party na 1945 na 1949. <ref name="lahlum">{{Cite book|author=Lahlum|first=Hans Olav|authorlink=Hans Olav Lahlum|title=Oscar Torp. En politisk biografi|url=https://archive.org/details/oscartorpenpolit0000lahl|year=2007|publisher=Cappelen|location=Oslo|language=no|isbn=978-82-02-23573-4}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nkwado NATO . <ref>{{Cite news|title="Skjebneår". Ap-landsmøtet i 49 som åpnet veien til NATO|author=Lie|first=Haakon|authorlink=Haakon Lie|date=21 September 1985|work=Aftenposten|page=3|language=no}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu kansụl obodo Oslo ruo 1967. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Slutt på Oslo-epoke|author=Opstad|first=Torleiv|date=9 December 1967|work=Verdens Gang|page=19|language=no}}</ref> Enyere ya ihe nrite nke St. Hallvard na 1967. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ordforeren.oslo.kommune.no/st_hallvard/article67466-7479.html|title=Tidligere mottakere av St. Hallvard-medaljen|language=no|accessdate=30 September 2010|publisher=Oslo municipality|archive-date=23 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154906/http://www.ordforeren.oslo.kommune.no/st_hallvard/article67466-7479.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} lbc5ypwh1pmzsqatb799vq87ogcdagt 0 50423 727782 632103 2026-09-25T01:43:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727782 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud''' ( Somali ), makwaara dị ka '''Hussein Hog''', bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Somalia. Ọ bụ onye bụbu minista ahụike nke Somaliland, site na Julaị 2010 ruo June 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unpo.org/article/14582|title=Somaliland: Diaspora Continues to Play Important Role|work=UNDP|date=2012-07-18|accessdate=2020-03-30|language=en|archive-date=2023-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111014658/https://unpo.org/article/14582|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   * Ọchịchị Somalia ndị * Ministri ahụike (Somaliland) * Ụlọ ọrụ Somaliland == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 32n81e89jpzkq6dmumvdu5ya4mhpjke 0 50501 727856 707324 2026-09-25T07:32:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727856 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Buc - De Lareinty Tholozan dans son avion.jpg|thumb|Jean de Lareinty-Tholozan]]   '''Sosthène Guillaume Jean de Baillardel, Baron de Lareinty, Marquis de Tholozan''' (19 Jenụarị 1890 – 23 Ọktoba 1955) bụ onye agba bọọlụ France. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/42127|title=Jean de Lareinty-Tholozan|work=Olympedia|accessdate=2 September 2021}}</ref> Ọ gbara asọmpi na mmemme nduru otu ụrọ na 1920 Summer Olympics . <ref name="sportsref">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/de/jean-marquis-de-lareinty-tholozan-1.html|title=Jean Lareinty-Tholozan|accessdate=21 December 2014|work=Sports Reference|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221165137/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/de/jean-marquis-de-lareinty-tholozan-1.html|archivedate=21 December 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Sports Reference''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20141221165137/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/de/jean-marquis-de-lareinty-tholozan-1.html the original] on 21 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Jean na Paris na 19 Jenụwarị 1890. Ọ bụ nwa Louise de Sabran-Pontevès (1864–1914) na Jules Jean Marie de Baillardel, Baron nke Lareinty (1852–1900) nke Château de Guermantes, onye jere ozi dị ka MP maka Saint-Nazaire . Na 1891, e buliri nna ya elu na aha Marquis nke Tholozan, nke nna nna nna ya, bụ Ernest René de Baillardel, bụ onye nwụrụ n'enweghị nsogbu. Na 1892, nne ya nwetara Château de Blain . <ref name="Raineval1994">{{Cite book|author=Raineval|first=Melville Henry Massue marquis de Ruvigny et|title=The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal: Being a Complete Table of All the Descendants Now Living of Edward III, King of England. The Mortimer-Percy volume : containing the descendants of Lady Elizabeth Percy, née Mortimer|date=1994|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8063-1435-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZk1AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=13 April 2023|language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRaineval1994">Raineval, Melville Henry Massue marquis de Ruvigny et (1994). [https://books.google.com/books?id=GZk1AQAAMAAJ ''The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal: Being a Complete Table of All the Descendants Now Living of Edward III, King of England. The Mortimer-Percy volume : containing the descendants of Lady Elizabeth Percy, née Mortimer'']. Genealogical Publishing Company. p.&nbsp;507. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-8063-1435-8|<bdi>978-0-8063-1435-8</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> N'ime ụmụnne ya bụ ''Jules'' Louis Clément Valentin de Lareinty Tholozan, ''Honoré'' Pierre Jules Louis Guillame de Lareinty Tholozan, ''Alyette'' Louise Marie de Lareinty Tholozan, na ''Foulques'' Louis Marc Ernst de Lareinty Tholozan, lụrụ Princess Zénaïde Pavlona Demidov ma nna ya kuchiri ya - nna ya kuchiri ya. -iwu. <ref name="kotchoubey">{{Cite web|title=The French Fighter Pilot de Lareinty-Tholozan-Kotchoubey: Heir to the Ukrainian Throne|url=https://kotchoubey.com/select-biographies/a-french-kotschoubey-heir-to-the-ukrainian-throne/|work=kotchoubey.com|accessdate=13 April 2023|archivedate=13 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413195712/https://kotchoubey.com/select-biographies/a-french-kotschoubey-heir-to-the-ukrainian-throne/}}</ref> Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị na 1900, nne ya lụrụ Joseph Marchesse, marquis d'Horschel de Vallefond na 1904 tupu ya anwụọ na 1914 na [[Château du Lac]] na Lake Genval . Nne na nna nne ya bụ Marie Julie d'Albert de Luynes (naanị ada nke Honoré-Louis d'Albert de Luynes, Duke nke Chevreuse), na Elzéar Charles Antoine de Sabran-Pontevès, Duke nke Sabran nke atọ. <ref name="Raineval1994"/> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Marquis_de_Lareinty-Tholozan,_vainqueur_de_la_côte_de_Château-Thierry_en_1904.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| The Marquis de Lareinty-Tholozan, onye mmeri nke Côte de Château-Thierry Hill Climb na 1904. <ref name="2013Years">{{Cite news|title=Opinion {{!}} 100, 75, 50 Years Ago|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/07/opinion/global/100-75-50-years-ago.html|accessdate=13 April 2023|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 September 2013}}</ref>]] N'egwuregwu Olimpik Summer nke 1920, ọ gbara asọmpi na mmemme nduru otu ụrọ . <ref name="sportsref"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == Marquis de Tholozan nwụrụ na 23 October 1955 na Hyères na Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur . <ref name="Raineval1994"/> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Jean de Lareinty-Tholozan at Olympedia bl1m57kba8ul395h1mtfole4tgk9sms 0 50713 727627 720987 2026-09-24T13:50:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727627 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Poultry_of_the_world.jpg|thumb|Nnụnụ nke ụwa (ihe dị ka ) ]] Anụ ọkụkọ (/ ˈpoʊltri/) bụ nnụnụ anụ ụlọ nke mmadụ na-edobe maka ebumnobi nke iweta ngwaahịa anụmanụ dị ka anụ, akwa ma ọ bụ nku.[1] A maara omume ịzụ ọkụkọ dị ka ịzụ anụ ọkụkọ. Nnụnụ ndị a na-abụkarị ndị otu superorder Galloanserae (anụ ufe), ọkachasị usoro Galliformes (nke gụnyere ọkụkọ, quail, na toki).[2] Okwu a na-agụnyekwa nnụnụ mmiri nke ezinụlọ Anatidae (ducks na geese) ma ọ dịghị agụnye nnụnụ ọhịa ndị a na-achụgharị maka nri a maara dị ka egwuregwu ma ọ bụ mgbawa. Nnyocha gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na nso nso a metụtara ụdị anụ ọhịa anọ dị ugbu a na-ekpughe na anụ ụlọ ọkụkọ, ụdị anụ ọkụkọ kacha nwee mmadụ, mere n'ihe dị ka afọ 8,000 gara aga na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.[3] Ekwenyere na nke a mere n'ihe dị ka afọ 5,400 gara aga, nakwa na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.[4] Usoro a nwere ike bụrụ na mbụ mere n'ihi na ndị mmadụ na-akpụpụta ma na-azụ ụmụ nnụnụ n'àkwá anakọtara n'ọhịa, ma emesịa gụnyere idobe nnụnụ ndị ahụ kpamkpam n'agha. O nwere ike ịbụ na a na-eji ọkụkọ ndị nọ n'ụlọ alụ ọgụ na mbụ[5] na quail na-edebekwa abụ ha, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya ndị mmadụ ghọtara uru dị n'inwe nri a dọọrọ n'agha. Ahọpụta ozuzu maka uto ngwa ngwa, ikike ịti akwa akwa, nhazigharị, ịla n'iyi na ime ihe na-ewere ọnọdụ kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, ụdị nke ọgbara ọhụrụ na-adịkarị iche na ndị nna ochie ha. Ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-edobe ụfọdụ nnụnụ n'ìgwè atụrụ nta n'ọtụtụ ebe, a na-azụ ọtụtụ nnụnụ ndị dị n'ahịa taa n'ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa siri ike. Tinyere anụ ezi, anụ ọkụkọ bụ otu n'ime ụdị anụ abụọ a na-erikarị n'ụwa niile, yana ihe karịrị 70% nke anụ ahụ na 2012 n'etiti ha; nke abụba. A na-edozi anụ ọkụkọ niile nke ọma ma sie ya nke ọma iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke nsị nri. Ndị na-eri anụ anaghị eri anụ bụ ndị na-eri anụ ọkụkọ dị ka naanị ebe a na-esi enweta anụ ka a na-ekwu na ha na-agbaso pollotarianism. == Okwu mmalite == Okwu ahụ bụ "nnụnụ" sitere na Middle English pultry ma ọ bụ ''pultrie'', nke sitere na Old French / Norman okwu {{Lang|fro|pouletrie}}. Okwu maka ọkụkọ na-eto eto, Pullet, dị ka ''poult'' ya, sitere na Middle English ''pulet'' na Old French polet, ma site na okwu Latịn pullus, nke pụtara nwa nnụnụ ma ọ bụ nwa anụmanụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fowl|title=Fowl|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|publisher=Etymonline.com|accessdate=February 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Poultry|url=https://poule-dor.com/our-poultry/|accessdate=2021-01-20|work=Poule D'or Chicken|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127195438/https://poule-dor.com/our-poultry/}}</ref> Okwu ahụ bụ "nnụnụ" sitere na German (cf. Old English ''Fugol'', German ''Vogel'', Danish Fugl). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=poultry|title=Poultry|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|publisher=Ehitymonline.com|accessdate=February 12, 2014}} </ref> == Nkọwa == "Anụ ọkụkọ" bụ okwu a na-eji maka ụdị nnụnụ ọ bụla a na-azụ anụ, ndị a dọọrọ n'agha maka uru ya, na omenala ejirila okwu ahụ na-ezo aka na anụ ọhịa (Galliformes) na mmiri mmiri (Anseriformes) ma ọ bụghị nnụnụ cagebirds dị ka nnụnụ na-abụ abụ na parrots." A na-akọwa anụ ọkụkọ" dị ka anụ ụlọ, gụnyere ọkụkọ, turkeys, geese na ọbọgwụ, ndị a zụlitere maka mmepụta anụ ma ọ bụ akwa ma a na-ejikwa okwu ahụ maka anụ nnụnụ ndị a na-eri nri. Akwụkwọ bụ́ Encyclopædia Britannica depụtara otu ìgwè nnụnụ ahụ ma gụnyekwara anụ ufe na squabs (ụmụ kpalakwukwu).[13] Na R.D. Crawford's Poultry ozuzu na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ahapụla squabs mana agbakwunyere quail Japanese na pheasant nkịtị na ndepụta ahụ, a na-azụkarị nke ikpeazụ na ndọrọ n'agha wee hapụ ya n'ime ọhịa.[14] N'akwụkwọ ochie ya nke 1848 banyere anụ ọkụkọ, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: History, and Management, Edmund Dixon gụnyere isiakwụkwọ na peafowl, nnụnụ guinea, swan ogbi, toki, ụdị geese dị iche iche, ọbọgwụ muscovy, ọbọgwụ ndị ọzọ na ụdị ọ bụla. ọkụkọ gụnyere bantam.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management|author=Dixon|first=Rev Edmund Saul|year=1848|publisher=Gardeners' Chronicle|url=https://archive.org/details/Dixon1848ix59U|quote=poultry history.}}</ref> N'okwu mkparịta ụka, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ "anụ ufe" eme ihe nso-ya na "ọkụkọ ụlọ" ( Gallus gallus ), ma ọ bụ "anụ ọkụkọ" ma ọ bụ ọbụna "nnụnụ", ọtụtụ asụsụ adịghị ama ọdịiche dị n'etiti "anụ ọkụkọ" na "anụ ufe". ". A na-ejikwa okwu abụọ ahụ mee ihe maka anụ nnụnụ ndị a.[16] Enwere ike ịmata anụ ọkụkọ na "egwuregwu", nke akọwara dị ka nnụnụ ọhịa ma ọ bụ anụ anụ ndị a na-achụgharị maka nri ma ọ bụ egwuregwu, okwu a na-ejikwa kọwaa anụ ndị a mgbe a na-eri ya. === Ihe Nlereanya === {| class="wikitable" !Nnụnụ !Nna nna ọhịa !Ịzụ n'ụlọ !Ojiji !Foto |- |Nne ọkụkọ |Nnụnụ na-acha uhie uhie |Ndịda na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia |Àkwá na anụ |[[Usòrò:Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg|160x160px]] |- |Turkey |Anụ ọhịa |[[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] |Anụ |[[Usòrò:Bronzepute_04.jpg|120x120px]] |- |Nkịta ọhịa nke Japan |Akara |[[Japan]] |Àkwá na anụ |[[Usòrò:3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG|120x120px]] |- |Ọbọgwụ |Mallard |Ihe dị iche iche |Àkwá na anụ |[[Usòrò:Taiwanese_duck_farm.jpg|120x120px]] |- |Nnụnụ |Greylag |Ihe dị iche iche |Àkwá na anụ |[[Usòrò:Neugierige_Hausgans.JPG|120x120px]] |- |Nnụnụ Guinea |Nnụnụ guinea nwere okpu |[[Afrịka]] |Àkwá na anụ |[[Usòrò:Guinea_fowl.jpg|120x120px]] |- |nduru a na-azụ n'ụlọ |Nkume nduru |Eurasia |Anụ |[[Usòrò:American_Giant_Runt.jpg|frameless|120x120px]] |} == Nkịta ọkụkọ == [[Usòrò:Rooster_portrait2.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nnụnụ nwere akwa na wattles]] Hickens bụ nnụnụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, nnụnụ na-adịghị mma nwere nguzo ziri ezi ma jiri combs na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie na wattles n'isi ha mara. Ụmụ nwoke, nke a maara dị ka ọkpa, na-ebukarị ibu, na-acha nkwuwa okwu, ma na-enwe oke nrịbama karịa ụmụ nwanyị (ọkụkọ). Chickens bụ nnụnụ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, ndị na-ebi n'ala bụ ndị na gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-achọ n'etiti akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ maka mkpụrụ, invertebrates, na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ. Ha anaghị efekarị efe ma e wezụga n'ihi ihe egwu ha chere, na-ahọrọ ịgbaba n'okpuru osisi ma ọ bụrụ na a bịaruo ya nso.[18] Ọkụkọ anụ ụlọ taa ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) sitere na anụ ọhịa na-acha uhie uhie nke Eshia, na-enwetakwa ihe mgbakwunye ọzọ sitere na anụ ọhịa isi awọ, anụ ọhịa Sri Lankan, na anụ ọhịa ndụ ndụ. <ref name="Lawal">{{Cite journal|author=Lawal|first=Raman Akinyanju|title=The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens|journal=BMC Biology|date=December 2020|volume=18|issue=1|pages=13|doi=10.1186/s12915-020-0738-1|pmid=32050971}}</ref> Nnyocha genomic na-eme atụmatụ na a zụlitere ọkụkọ ahụ afọ 8,000 gara aga na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia wee gbasaa China na India afọ 2000-3000 ka e mesịrị.<ref name="Lawal"/> Ihe akaebe e gwupụtara n'ala na-akwado ọkụkọ ụlọ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia tupu 6000 BC, China site na 6000 BC na India site na 2000 BC. <ref name="Lawal" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=West|first=B.|year=1988|title=Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication|journal=J. Archaeol. Sci.|volume=14|issue=5|pages=515–533|doi=10.1016/0305-4403(88)90080-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Al-Nasser|first=A.|title=Overview of chicken taxonomy and domestication|journal=World's Poultry Science Journal|date=1 June 2007|volume=63|issue=2|pages=285–300|doi=10.1017/S004393390700147X}}</ref> Nnyocha okike dị ịrịba ama nke 2020 nke kwadoro ọkụkọ 863 n'ofe ụwa na-atụ aro na ọkụkọ niile sitere na otu ihe omume obibi nke red junglefowl nke nkesa ya ugbu a bụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ China, n'ebe ugwu Thailand na Myanmar. Ụmụ ọkụkọ ndị a a na-azụ n'ụlọ gbasara n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda Eshia ebe ha na ụdị anụ ọhịa ọhịa dị iche iche na-emekọrịta ihe, na-emepụta ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mpaghara dị iche iche. Nnyocha nke ụdị azụmahịa kachasị ewu ewu na-egosi na ụdị White Leghorn nwere ụdị nna dị iche iche e ketara site na ụdị nke red junglefowl.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=863 genomes reveal the origin and domestication of chicken|year=2020|doi=10.1038/s41422-020-0349-y|author=Wang|first=Ming-Shan|journal=Cell Research|volume=30|issue=8|pages=693–701|pmid=32581344}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Liu|first=Yi-Ping|title=Multiple maternal origins of chickens: Out of the Asian jungles|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2006_38_1/page/12|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|date=January 2006|volume=38|issue=1|pages=12–19|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.014|pmid=16275023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zeder|first=Melinda A.|title=Documenting domestication: the intersection of genetics and archaeology|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-genetics_2006-03_22_3/page/139|journal=Trends in Genetics|date=March 2006|volume=22|issue=3|pages=139–155|doi=10.1016/j.tig.2006.01.007|pmid=16458995}}</ref> Ụmụ ọkụkọ bụ otu n'ime anụmanụ a na-azụ n'ụlọ nke ndị Austronesian na-agafe n'oké osimiri na Taiwan, Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, [[Madagascar]], na Pacific Islands; malite site na 3500 ruo 2500 BC.<ref name="Piper">{{Cite book|first=Philip J.|author=Piper|editor=Piper|title=New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory|chapter=The Origins and Arrival of the Earliest Domestic Animals in Mainland and Island Southeast Asia: A Developing Story of Complexity|publisher=ANU Press|series=terra australis|year=2017|isbn=9781760460945|chapterurl=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2320/html/ch15.xhtml}}</ref><ref name="Blust2002">{{Cite journal|author=Blust|first=Robert|title=The History of Faunal Terms in Austronesian Languages|journal=Oceanic Linguistics|date=June 2002|volume=41|issue=1|pages=89–139|doi=10.2307/3623329|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3623329}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000 BC, ọkụkọ yiri ka ha eruola Ndagwurugwu Indus na afọ 250 ka e mesịrị, ha rutere Ijipt. A ka na-eji ha eme ihe maka ịlụ ọgụ ma na-ewere ha dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke ọmụmụ. Ndị Rom jiri ha mee ihe n'ịgba afa, ndị Ijipt mekwara ọganihu mgbe ha mụtara usoro siri ike nke ikuchi aka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How the Chicken Conquered the World|author=Adler, Jerry|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/?no-ist|work=Smithsonian Magazine|date=June 1, 2012|accessdate=April 14, 2014}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, ịzụ ọkụkọ agbasaala gburugburu ụwa maka mmepụta nri na nnụnụ ụlọ bụ isi iyi bara uru nke àkwá na anụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Storey, A. A.|year=2012|title=Investigating the global dispersal of chickens in prehistory using ancient mitochondrial DNA signatures|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=7|pages=e39171|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0039171|pmid=22848352}}</ref> Kemgbe a zụlitere ha, e guzobere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị ọkụkọ, mana ewezuga Leghorn ọcha, ọtụtụ nnụnụ azụmahịa sitere na ngwakọta.<ref name="Card">{{Cite book|title=Poultry Production|author=Card|first=Leslie E.|year=1961|publisher=Lea & Febiger|isbn=978-0-8121-1241-2|url=http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19610102428.html}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka 1800, a malitere idebe ọkụkọ n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu, ugbo ọkụkọ dị elu nke oge a dịkwa na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] site n'ihe dị na 1920 wee guzobe ya na United States n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] gasịrị. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti narị afọ nke 20, [[Ịkpa ọkụkọ|ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta anụ ọkụkọ]] dị mkpa karịa ụlọ ọrụ na'eyi àkwá. Ịzụlite ọkụkọ emeela ka ụdị na ụdị dị iche iche gboo mkpa dị iche iche; nnụnụ na-eyi àkwá nke nwere ike imepụta àkwá 300 n'afọ; nnụisi na-eto ngwa ngwa, nnụnụ nwere anụ maka iri n'oge ha dị obere, na nnụnụ bara uru nke na-emepụta ma ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma nke àkwá na ozu nwere anụ ahụ. Nnụnụ ndị nwoke anaghị achọ n'ụlọ ọrụ na-eyi àkwá ma enwere ike ịmata ha ozugbo ha pụtara maka igbu ha. N'ụdị anụ, a na-akpụkarị nnụnụ ndị a (nke a na-ejikarị kemịkal) iji gbochie ime ihe ike. Nnụnụ a na-emepụta, nke a na-akpọ [[capon]], nwekwara anụ dị nro ma na-atọ ụtọ.<ref name="Basley">{{Cite book|title=Western poultry book|publisher=Mrs. A. Basley|author=Mrs A Basley|year=1910|url=https://archive.org/details/westernpoultrybo00basl_0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/westernpoultrybo00basl_0/page/112 112]–15}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe osise ndị Rom na-egosi ọgụ ọkụkọ]] bantam bụ obere ụdị ọkụkọ ụlọ, ma ọ bụ obere ụdị nke onye otu ụdị, ma ọ bụrụ "ezi bantam" na-enweghị nnukwu ibe ya. Aha ahụ sitere n'obodo Bantam na Java ebe ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Europe zụrụ obere ọkụkọ maka ihe ha na-etinye n'ụgbọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bantam&allowed_in_frame=0|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|publisher=Etymonline.com|accessdate=February 21, 2014}}</ref> Bantams nwere ike ịbụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ ruo otu ụzọ n"ụzọ atọ nke nha nnụnụ ma na-eyi obere àkwá. Ndị nwe obere na ndị na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ na-edebe ha maka mmepụta àkwá, iji ha dị ka ọkụkọ, ebumnuche ịchọ mma, na ngosi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.poultryclub.org/breed-gallery/|title=Breed gallery|publisher=The Poultry Club of Great Britain|accessdate=February 21, 2014}}</ref> === Ịlụ ọgụ ọkụkọ === A na-ekwu na ịlụ ọgụ bụ egwuregwu ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri kachasị ochie n'ụwa. Ụmụ nwoke abụọ tozuru etozu (ụmụ oke ma ọ bụ ụmụ oke) ga-alụ ọgụ, ha ga-emekwa ya n'ike ruo mgbe otu merụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ gbuo ya. Ịlụ ọgụ ọkụkọ jupụtara n'Àgwàetiti Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ọ na-enwekarị ihe dị mkpa na mgbakwunye na ịbụ egwuregwu ịgba chaa chaa.<ref name="Blust2002"/> Ha sokwa n'omenala nke India oge ochie, China, Persia, Gris, Rome, a na-emeri ma ọ bụ furu nnukwu ego dabere na nsonaazụ nke ọgụ. A zụlitere ụdị ndị dị ka Aseel na mpaghara India maka omume ime ihe ike ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aseellovers.20m.com/custom.html|title=History of Aseel|author=Nadeem Ullah|accessdate=February 15, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227163240/http://www.aseellovers.20m.com/custom.html|archivedate=February 27, 2014}}</ref> A machibidoro ịlụ ọgụ ọkụkọ n'ọtụtụ mba n'ime narị afọ gara aga n'ihi obi ọjọọ a na-emeso ụmụ anụmanụ. == Ọbọgwụ ==   Ducks bụ nnụnụ mmiri dị n'etiti nwere ọnụ sara mbara, anya n'akụkụ isi, olu dị ogologo, ụkwụ dị mkpirikpi n'azụ, na ụkwụ nwere eriri. Ụmụ nwoke, ndị a maara dị ka drakes, na-adịkarị ukwuu karịa ụmụ nwanyị (nke a maara dị wa ọkụkọ) ma nwee ụcha dị iche na ụdị ụfọdụ. Ọbọgwụ ndị bi n'ụlọ bụ ndị na-eri ihe niile, na-eri anụmanụ na ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche dịka ụmụ ahụhụ mmiri, molluscs, ikpuru, obere anụmanụ na-ebi n'ala, ahịhịa mmiri, na ahịhịhịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Facts About Ducks|url=https://www.four-paws.org/campaigns-topics/topics/farm-animals/10-facts-about-ducks|accessdate=2022-07-05|work=FOUR PAWS International - Animal Welfare Organisation|language=en}}</ref> Ha na-eri nri na mmiri na-adịghị omimi site na ịpị, na-etinye isi ha n'okpuru mmiri na ọdụ ha. Ọtụtụ ọbọgwụ ụlọ dị arọ nke ukwuu iji felie, ha bụkwa nnụnụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, na-ahọrọ ibi ma na-agagharị ọnụ n'ìgwè. Ha na-eme ka ábụ́bà ha ghara ịba mmiri site na preening, usoro nke na-agbasa ihe ndị na-esi n'ahụ pụta n'elu ábụ́tụ̀ ha.<ref name="RSPCA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rspca.org.uk/ImageLocator/LocateAsset?asset=document&assetId=1232730067367&mode=prd|title=Information sheet: The Welfare of Farmed Ducks|date=July 1, 2012|publisher=RSPCA|accessdate=March 8, 2014|archivedate=July 7, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707160911/https://www.rspca.org.uk/ImageLocator/LocateAsset?asset=document&assetId=1232730067367&mode=prd}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọbọgwụ ndị dị na Beijing]] Ụdị ụrọ nke ọbọgwụ ndị a chọtara na China nke malitere na 4000 BC nwere ike igosi na domestication nke ọbọbọgwụ mere n'ebe ahụ n'oge ọdịbendị Yangshao. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na nke a abụghị eziokwu, ịzụlite ọbọgwụ mere na Far East ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 1500 tupu na West. Lucius Columella, na-ede na narị afọ mbụ BC, dụrụ ndị chọrọ ịzụlite ọbọgwụ ọdụ ka ha chịkọta àkwá nnụnụ ọhịa ma tinye ha n'okpuru ọkụkọ, n'ihi na mgbe a zụlitere ha n'ụzọ a, ọbọgwụ ahụ "na-ahapụ ọdịdị ọhịa ha ma ghara ịla azụ mgbe ha mechiri n'ogige nnụnụ". N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọbọgwụ apụtaghị n'ihe odide ọrụ ugbo na Western Europe ruo n'ihe dị ka 810 AD, mgbe a malitere ịkpọ aha ha n'akụkụ geese, ọkụkọ, na peafowl dị ka ndị a na-eji maka ịkwụ ụgwọ ndị nwe ala.<ref name="Cherry">{{Cite book|title=Domestic Duck Production: Science and Practice|author=Cherry|first=Peter|year=2008|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-1-84593-441-5|pages=1–7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48sgHPrbUiQC&q=Duck+domestication&pg=PA3}}</ref> A na-ekwenye n'ọtụtụ ebe na mallard (''Anas platyrhynchos'') bụ nna nna nke ụdị ọbọgwụ ụlọ niile (ma e wezụga ọbọgwụ Muscovy (''Cairina moschata''), nke na-enweghị njikọ chiri anya na ọbọgwụ ndị ọzọ).<ref name="Cherry"/> A na-azụ ọbọgwụ maka anụ ha, àkwá, na ala.<ref name="Dean" /> Dị ka ọ dị na ọkụkọ, e mepụtara ụdị dị iche iche, ahọrọ maka ikike ịmụ àkwá, uto ngwa ngwa, na ozu kpuchiri nke ọma. Ụdị azụmahịa a na-ahụkarị na United Kingdom na United States bụ ọbọgwụ Pekin, nke nwere ike ịtụrụ àkwá 200 n'afọ ma nwee ike iru ịdị arọ nke 3.5 kg (7 n'ime ụbọchị 44.<ref name="RSPCA"/> N'Ụwa Ọdịda Anyanwụ, ọbọgwụ anaghị ewu ewu dị ka ọkụkọ, n'ihi na nke ikpeazụ na-emepụta anụ ọcha buru ibu, anụ na-adịghị mma ma dị mfe idebe ya nke ọma, na-eme ka ọnụahịa Anụ ọkụkọ dị ala karịa nke anụ ọbọgwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ewu ewu na ''Nri dị elu'', ọbọgwụ na-apụta obere ugboro na ụlọ ọrụ nri. Otú ọ dị, ihe dị iche na Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. Ọbọgwụ na-ewu ewu n'ebe ahụ karịa ọkụkọ ma na-abụkarị ndị a na-azụ n'ụzọ ọdịnala ma họrọ maka ikike ha ịchọta nri zuru ezu n'ubi osikapa a na-ewe na gburugburu mmiri ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Dean">{{Cite web|url=http://www.duckhealth.com/dmstduck.html|title=Domestic ducks|author=Dean, William F.|year=2008|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=February 15, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015173440/http://www.duckhealth.com/dmstduck.html|archivedate=October 15, 2013}}</ref> == Nnụnụ ==   [[Usòrò:Domestic_Goose.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Nnụnụ Emden, nwa nnụnụ ọhịa greylagNnụnụ na-acha odo odo]] Ndị Ijipt zụlitere greylag goose (''Anser anser'') ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 3000 gara aga, na ụdị ọhịa dị iche, swan goose (''Anser cygnoides''), zụliuru na Siberia ihe dị ka otu puku afọ ka e mesịrị, a maara dị ka Chinese goose. <ref name="faogeese">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4359E/y4359e03.htm|title=Origins and Breeds of Domestic Geese|author=Buckland, R.|publisher=FAO Agriculture Department|accessdate=February 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bird-friends.com/BirdPage.php?name=White%20Chinese%20Goose|title=White Chinese Goose|author=Streit, Scott|year=2000|work=Bird Friends Of San Diego County|accessdate=February 17, 2014}}</ref> Ha abụọ na-agwakọta ibe ha na nnukwu bọtịnụ dị n'ala ọnụ, ihe a na-ahụ anya nke Chinese goose, dị n'ụzọ dịgasị iche na ngwakọta ndị a. Mkpụrụ ndị a na-amị mkpụrụ ma mepụta ọtụtụ ụdị nke oge a. N'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ndị a zụlitere n'oge gara aga, geese enwetụbeghị mkpa azụmahịa nke ọkụkọ na ọbọgwụ.<ref name="faogeese" /> Geese ndị bi n'ụlọ buru ibu karịa ndị ibe ha dị n'ọhịa ma na-enwekarị olu siri ike, ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, na nnukwu ahụ nwere nnukwu azụ azụ. Nnụnụ ndị sitere na greylag buru ibu ma nwee anụ ma jiri ya mee anụ, ebe geese ndị China nwere obere okpokoro ma jiri ya emepụta àkwá. A na-eji ezigbo ala nke abụọ ahụ akpọrọ ihe maka iji ya mee ihe na ohiri isi na uwe a na-etinye na ya. Ha na-eri ahịhịa na ahịhịhịa, na-agbakwunye nke a na obere anụ ndị na-enweghị azụ, otu n'ime ihe na-adọrọ mmasị nke ịzụlite geese bụ ikike ha itolite ma na-eto eto na usoro ahịhịrị.<ref name="CALU" /> Ha na-eme mkpakọrịta ma nwee ezi ncheta ma nwee ike ikwe ka ha na-agagharị n'ọtụtụ ebe na ihe ọmụma na ha ga-alaghachi n'ụlọ n'oge mgbede. Nnụnụ China na-eme ihe ike ma na-eme mkpọtụ karịa nnụnụ ndị ọzọ ma enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka anụ nche iji dọọ ndị na-abanye aka ná ntị.<ref name="faogeese"/> Anụ anụ geese na-acha oji ma nwee protein dị elu, mana ha na-etinye abụba n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na abụba a nwere ọtụtụ monounsaturated fatty acids. A na-egbu nnụnụ ma ọ bụ n'ihe dị ka izu 10 ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka izu 24. N'etiti afọ ndị a, nsogbu na-eyi ozu na-eme n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ábụ́bà na-eto eto.<ref name="CALU">{{Cite web|url=http://www.calu.bangor.ac.uk/Technical%20leaflets/040803seasonalgeese.pdf|title=CALU factsheet: Meat geese seasonal production|date=June 1, 2009|accessdate=March 9, 2014}}</ref> Na mba ụfọdụ, a na-enye geese na ọbọgwụ nri iji mepụta afọ nwere abụba dị elu maka mmepụta nke foie gras. Ihe karịrị 75% nke mmepụta ụwa nke ngwaahịa a na-ewere ọnọdụ na [[France]], yana ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị obere na Hungary na Bulgaria na mmepụta na-eto eto na China.<ref>{{Cite news|title=China to boost foie gras production|author=Mo Hong'e|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/11/content_4409586.htm|work=China View|date=April 11, 2006|accessdate=March 9, 2014|archive-date=June 2, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602122944/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/11/content_4409586.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-ewere Foie gras dị ka ihe okomoko n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa, mana a machibidoro usoro inye nnụnụ nri n'ụzọ a n'ọtụtụ mba n'ihi ọdịmma anụmanụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://foodfancy.net/docs/out17_en.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219011901/http://foodfancy.net/docs/out17_en.pdf|archivedate=December 19, 2013|title=Welfare Aspects of the Production of Foie Gras in Ducks and Geese|date=December 16, 1998|work=Report of the Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare|accessdate=March 9, 2014}}</ref> == Akị Turkey ==   [[Usòrò:Turkeybird.JPG|thumb|Anụ ọhịa turkey a zụlitere n'ụlọ na-egosipụta mmekọahụ site n'igosi anwụrụ ọkụ na-ese n'elu ọnụ ya, caruncles na-ese na akpịrị ya, na 'afụ ọnụ' nke obere, ojii, ábụ́bà siri ike n'obi]] Turkeys bụ nnụnụ buru ibu, ndị ikwu ha kacha nso bụ pheasant na guineafowl. Ụmụ nwoke buru ibu karịa ụmụ nwanyị ma nwee ọdụ na-agbasa, nke yiri fan na nke pụrụ iche, nke anụ ahụ, nke a na-akpọ snow, nke na-anọdụ n'elu ọnụ ma jiri ya mee ihe na ngosipụta mbedo. Turkeys ọhịa nwere ike ife efe, mana ha anaghị eme ya, ha na-ahọrọ ịgba ọsọ ogologo, na-agagharị agagharị. Ha na-anọ n'osisi ma na-eri nri n'ala, na-eri mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ osisi, ahịhịa, akwụkwọ osisi, anụ ndị na-enweghị azụ, ezé, na obere agwọ.<ref name="Smith">{{Cite book|title=The Turkey: An American Story|author=Smith|first=Andrew F.|year=2006|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-03163-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780252031632/page/4 4]–5, 17|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780252031632|quote=turkey bird name.}}</ref> Anụ ọhịa [[Turkéy|turkey]] nke oge a sitere n'otu n'ime ụdị isii nke anụ ọhịa turkey (''Meleagris gallopavo'') nke a hụrụ na steeti Mexico nke Jalisco, Guerrero na Veracruz ugbu a. Agbụrụ ndị dị na ndịda etiti Mexico bu ụzọ chọta nnụnụ ahụ n'ihe dị ka 800 BC, ndị Pueblo Indian bi na Colorado Plateau na United States mekwara otu ihe ahụ n'ebe 200 BC. Ha na-eji ábụ́bà eme ihe maka uwe elu, blanket, na ebumnuche ememe. Ihe karịrị 1,000 afọ ka e mesịrị, ha ghọrọ ihe oriri dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Native Americans First Tamed Turkeys 2,000 Years Ago|author=Viegas, Jennifer|url=http://news.discovery.com/history/us-history/native-americans-turkeys-domestication.htm|date=February 1, 2010|accessdate=February 19, 2014|archive-date=May 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503012252/http://news.discovery.com/history/us-history/native-americans-turkeys-domestication.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ndị Europe mbụ zutere nnụnụ ahụ mehiere ya dị ka guineafowl, nnụnụ a maara dị ka "nnụnụ ọkụkọ" n'oge ahụ n'ihi na e webatara ya na Europe site na Turkey.<ref name="Smith"/> A na-azụkarị turkey ndị ahịa n'ime ụlọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ a na-achịkwa. Ndị a na-abụkarị nnukwu ụlọ, nke e wuru iji nye ikuku na obere ìhè (nke a na-ebelata ọrụ nnụnụ ma si otú ahụ na-abawanye ọnụego ibu). Enwere ike ịgbanye ọkụ maka awa 24 / ụbọchị, ma ọ bụ usoro ọkụ dị iche iche iji gbaa nnụnụ ume iri nri ugboro ugboro ma yabụ na-eto ngwa ngwa. &nbsp;Ụmụ nwanyị na-enweta ibu igbu egbu n'ihe dị ka izu 15 na ụmụ nwoke n'ihe dịka afọ 19. Nnụnụ azụmahịa tozuru etozu nwere ike ịdị arọ okpukpu abụọ karịa ndị ibe ha n'ọhịa. E mepụtara ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, mana ọtụtụ nnụnụ azụmahịa na-acha ọcha, ebe nke a na-eme ka ọdịdị nke ozu ahụ dị mma, na-adịghị ahụkebe.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Turkeys: Behavior, Management and Well-Being|editor=Pond|year=2010|publisher=Marcell Dekker|isbn=978-0-8247-5496-9|pages=847–849}}</ref> A na-eri turkeys n'otu oge n'oge pụrụ iche dị ka Krismas (ndị nnụnụ 10 nde na United Kingdom) ma ọ bụ Ekele (ndị ndụnụ 60 nde na United States). Otú ọ dị, ha na-aghọwanye akụkụ nke nri kwa ụbọchị n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yourshepway.co.uk/news/can_turkey_rule_the_roost_all_year_round_1_3120818|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140303210320/http://www.yourshepway.co.uk/news/can_turkey_rule_the_roost_all_year_round_1_3120818|archivedate=March 3, 2014|title=Can turkey rule the roost all year round?|author=Bill, Joe|date=December 18, 2013|publisher=Your Shepway|accessdate=March 3, 2014}}</ref> == Nnụnụ ndị ọzọ == Guineafowl malitere na ndịda Afrịka, ụdị a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ọkụkọ bụ guineafowl nwere okpu (''Numida meleagris''). Ọ bụ nnụnụ na-acha ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ nke nwere ntụpọ nke nwere obere isi gba ọtọ na wattles mara mma na bọtịnụ n'elu, a zụkwara ya n'oge ndị Gris na ndị Rom oge ochie. Guineafowl bụ nnụnụ siri ike, nke nwere mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-eri ụmụ ahụhụ, mana ọ na-erikwa ahịhịa na mkpụrụ. Ha ga-eme ka ubi akwụkwọ nri ghara ịba na nje ma rie akọrọ na-ebu Ọrịa Lyme. Ha ji obi ụtọ na-anọ n'osisi ma na-enye ịdọ aka ná ntị olu banyere ịbịaru ndị na-eri ibe ha nso. Enwere ike iri anụ na àkwá ha n'otu ụzọ ahụ ọkụkọ, ụmụ nnụnụ dị njikere maka tebụl mgbe ha dị ihe dị ka ọnwa anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/ASC/ASC209/ASC209.pdf|title=Keeping Guinea fowl|author=Jacob, Jacquie|publisher=University of Kentucky|accessdate=March 9, 2014}}</ref> A squab bụ aha e nyere ụmụ nduru ụlọ ndị a kara aka maka tebụl. Dị ka nduru ndị ọzọ a na-azụ n'ụlọ, nnụnụ ndị a na-eji eme ihe maka nzube a sitere na nduru nkume (''Columba livia''). A na-eji ụdị ọrụ pụrụ iche nwere njirimara ndị a na-achọsi ike. A na-eyi àkwá abụọ ma kụọ ha ihe dị ka ụbọchị 17. Mgbe ha pupụtara, ndị nne na nna abụọ na-enye squabs nri na "mmiri ara nduru", nke nwere protein dị elu nke ihe ọkụkụ ahụ mepụtara. Squabs na-eto ngwa ngwa, mana ha na-eji nwayọ na-efe efe ma dị njikere ịhapụ akwụ́ na ụbọchị 26 ruo 30 na-adị ihe dị ka 500 . Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, nduru ndị toro eto ga-eyi àkwá abụọ ọzọ ma na-amụba abụọ kwesịrị imepụta squabs abụọ kwa izu anọ n'oge oge ọmụmụ nke na-ewe ọtụtụ ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/213221/Squab-raising.pdf|title=Primefacts: Squab raising|author=Bolla, Gerry|journal=Primefacts|date=April 1, 2007|issn=1832-6668|accessdate=March 9, 2014}}</ref> == Ịkpa ọkụkọ ==   [[Usòrò:Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ọbọgwụ ndị na-agagharị n'efu na Hainan Province, China]] [[Usòrò:Battery-farm.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Nnụnụ ndị dị n'ụlọ batrị enweghị ike ịgagharị n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, ọtụtụ nnụnụ bi n'otu ụlọ.]] N'ụwa nile, a na-azụ ọtụtụ ọkụkọ karịa ụdị ọkụkọ ọ bụla ọzọ, na ihe karịrị ijeri nnụnụ 50 a na-akpalite kwa afọ dị ka isi iyi nke anụ na àkwá.<ref name="Compassion">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm_animals/poultry|title=Compassion in World Farming: Poultry|publisher=Ciwf.org.uk|accessdate=February 12, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227233132/http://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm%5Fanimals/poultry/|archivedate=February 27, 2014}}</ref> Dị ka omenala si dị, a ga-edebe nnụnụ ndị dị otú ahụ n'ọtụtụ obere ìgwè, na-eri nri n'ehihie ma na-ebi n'abalị. Nke a ka bụ eziokwu na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-enyekarị aka dị mkpa maka ndụ ezinụlọ site n'ịzụ ọkụkọ. Otú ọ dị, mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'ụwa na ime obodo emeela ka ọtụtụ mmepụta dị na nnukwu, ndị ọkachamara na-arụsi ọrụ ike. A na-adịkarị nso n'ebe a na-akụ nri ma ọ bụ nso n' ebe anụ dị mkpa, ma na-eme ka nri dị ọnụ ala, dị nchebe maka obodo ndị mepere emepe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/en/poultry/home.html|title=Animal production and health: Poultry|date=September 25, 2012|publisher=FAO|accessdate=February 27, 2014}}</ref> Uru nke mmepụta na-adabere nke ukwuu na ọnụahịa nri, nke na-arị elu. Ọnụ ego nri dị elu nwere ike igbochi mmepe nke mmepụta ọkụkọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Agritrade|title=Poultry Brief 2013|url=http://agritrade.cta.int/Agriculture/Commodities/Poultry/Executive-Brief-Update-2013-Poultry-sector|publisher=CTA|accessdate=February 28, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709034856/http://agritrade.cta.int/Agriculture/Commodities/Poultry/Executive-Brief-Update-2013-Poultry-sector|archivedate=July 9, 2014}}</ref> N'ịkpa anụ n'efu, nnụnụ nwere ike ịgagharị n'èzí n'enweghị nsogbu ma ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ nke ụbọchị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, nke a na-adị n'ime nnukwu ogige, mana nnụnụ nwere ike ịnweta ọnọdụ okike ma nwee ike igosipụta omume ha. Usoro siri ike karị bụ yarding, ebe nnụnụ nwere ike ịbanye n'ogige e ji mgbidi gbaa gburugburu na [[Ịkpa ọkụkọ|ụlọ ọkụkọ]] na ọnụego dị elu. A pụkwara idebe ọkụkọ n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, na-enweghị ohere ịnweta ikuku, mana enwere ike ịgagharị n'enweghị nsogbu n'ime ime ụlọ ahụ. Usoro kachasị sie ike maka ụmụ ọkụkọ na-eyi àkwá bụ Ụlọ batrị, nke a na-etinyekarị n'ọtụtụ ọkwa. N'ime ndị a, ọtụtụ nnụnụ na-ekerịta obere ụlọ nke na-egbochi ikike ha ịgagharị ma na-akpa àgwà n'ụzọ dị mma. A na-eyi àkwá n'ala nke ụlọ ahụ ma tụgharịa ya n'ime olulu n'èzí maka ịdị mfe nke nchịkọta. Batrị maka ọkụkọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị na EU kemgbe Jenụwarị 1, 2012.<ref name="Compassion"/> [[Usòrò:Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg|center|thumb|Ugbo ọkụkọ na Vernon County, Wisconsin na ogige gbara ogige na ebe mkpuchi maka ọkụkọ ịgagharị]] Chickens raised intensively for their meat are known as "broilers". Breeds have been developed that can grow to an acceptable carcass size ({{convert|2|kg|lboz|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in six weeks or less.<ref name="Browne" /> Broilers grow so fast, their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough oxygen to their developing muscles. Mortality rates at 1% are much higher than for less-intensively reared laying birds which take 18 weeks to reach similar weights.<ref name="Browne">{{Cite news|title=Ten weeks to live|author=Browne, Anthony|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2002/mar/10/foodanddrink.features1|work=The Guardian|date=March 10, 2002|accessdate=February 21, 2014}}</ref> Processing the birds is done automatically with conveyor-belt efficiency. They are hung by their feet, stunned, killed, bled, scalded, plucked, have their heads and feet removed, eviscerated, washed, chilled, drained, weighed, and packed,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.poultryhub.org/anatomy-and-physiology/meat-chicken-farm-sequence/|title=Meat chicken farm sequence (processing)|publisher=Poultry Hub|date=August 20, 2010|accessdate=February 21, 2014}}</ref> all within the course of little over two hours.<ref name="Browne" /> Ma ọrụ ugbo siri ike ma nke na-enweghị ihe mgbochi nwere nchegbu maka ọdịmma anụmanụ. N'ime usoro siri ike, cannibalism, feather pecking na vent pecking nwere ike ịbụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, na ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji ọnụ trimming dị ka ihe mgbochi.<ref name="Sherwin">{{Cite journal|author=Sherwin, C. M.|year=2010|title=A comparison of the welfare of layer hens in four housing systems in the UK|journal=British Poultry Science|volume=51|issue=4|pages=488–499|doi=10.1080/00071668.2010.502518|pmid=20924842}}</ref> Ọrịa nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'ìgwè atụrụ. N'ime usoro sara mbara, nnụnụ na-ahụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe ọjọọ ma bụrụ ndị na-eri ibe ha na nnụnụ ọhịa na-ebu ọrịa na-emetụta. Achọpụtala na usoro ụmụ nnụnụ nwere ọdịmma nnụnụ kachasị njọ.<ref name="Sherwin" /> Na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, enweghị nchịkwa ọrịa na ọrụ ugbo n'efu ejikọtara ya na ntiwapụ nke influenza nnụnụ.<ref name="WSPA">{{Cite web|url=http://wspa-international.org/publicfiles/Free_range_farming_and_avian_flu__3_.pdf|title=Free-range farming and avian flu in Asia|publisher=WSPA International|accessdate=February 12, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216083304/http://www.wspa-international.org/publicfiles/Free_range_farming_and_avian_flu__3_.pdf|archivedate=December 16, 2013}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi ọkụkọ == N'ọtụtụ mba, a na-eme ihe ngosi ọkụkọ nke mba na nke mpaghara ebe ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-egosi nnụnụ ha nke a na-ekpe ikpe na ụfọdụ àgwà ọmụmụ dị ka akọwapụtara site na ụkpụrụ ọmụmụ ha. Echiche nke ngosi ọkụkọ nwere ike ịmalite mgbe emechara ọgụ ọkụkọ iwu na-akwadoghị, dị ka ụzọ isi nọgide na-enwe asọmpi na ịzụ ọkụkọ. E debere ụkpụrụ ọmụmụ maka ịtụrụ àkwá, ụdị anụ, na nnụnụ ịchọ mma, na-achọ ka ha bụrụ otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.poultryclub.org/poultry/history-of-poultry/|title=History of poultry|publisher=Poultry Club of Great Britain|accessdate=February 23, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228121601/http://www.poultryclub.org/poultry/history-of-poultry/|archivedate=February 28, 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe ngosi ọkụkọ bụ akụkụ nke ihe ngosi anụ ụlọ n'ozuzu ya, mgbe ụfọdụ ha bụ ihe omume dị iche iche dị ka "National Championship Show" kwa afọ na United Kingdom nke Poultry Club of Great Britain haziri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.poultryclub.org/showing/types-of-show/|title=Types of Show|publisher=Poultry Club of Great Britain|accessdate=February 23, 2014|archivedate=February 26, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226031644/http://www.poultryclub.org/showing/types-of-show/}}</ref> == Anụ ọkụkọ dị ka nri == === Azụmaahịa === [[Usòrò:HK_Central_結志街_Gage_Street_market_雞蛋_Chicken_n_鴨蛋_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg|thumb|A na-ere àkwá ọkụkọ na ọbọgwụ na Hong Kong]] Anụ ọkụkọ bụ ụdị anụ nke abụọ a na-eri n'ụwa, na-eme ihe dị ka pasent 30 nke anụ niile a na-emepụta n'ụwa niile ma e jiri ya tụnyere anụ ezì na pasent 38. A na-azụlite ijeri nnụnụ iri na isii kwa afọ maka oriri, ihe karịrị ọkara n'ime ndị a na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ mmepe.<ref name="sciencenews.org">Raloff, Janet. [http://www.sciencenews.org/blog/food-for-thought/global-food-trends Food for Thought: Global Food Trends]. Science News Online. May 27, 2003.</ref> Mmepụta anụ a na-egweri egweri n'ụwa niile rịrị elu ruo nde tọn 84.6 n'afọ 2013. Ndị na-emepụta ihe kachasị ukwuu bụ United States (20%), China (16.6%), Brazil (15.1%) na European Union (11.3%). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepoultrysite.com/reports/?id=1788|title=USDA Livestock & Poultry: World Markets & Trade|date=April 30, 2013|publisher=The Poultry Site|accessdate=February 24, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227185757/http://www.thepoultrysite.com/reports/?id=1788|archivedate=February 27, 2014}}</ref> E nwere ụdị abụọ dị iche iche nke mmepụta; ụdị usoro nnyefe nke European Union na-achọ ịnye ngwaahịa nke enwere ike ịchọta azụ na ugbo mmalite. Ihe nlereanya a na-eche ọnụahịa na-arịwanye elu nke itinye n'ọrụ ihe nchekwa nri ndị ọzọ, nsogbu ọdịmma na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi ihu. N'ụzọ dị iche, ihe nlereanya United States na-agbanwe ngwaahịa ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Manning, Louise|year=2007|title=Trends in the global poultry meat supply chain|journal=British Food Journal|volume=109|issue=5|pages=332–342|doi=10.1108/00070700710746759}}</ref> Mmepụta ụwa nke anụ ọbọgwụ bụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 4.2 na 2011 na China na-emepụta ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta, ihe dị ka ijeri nnụnụ 1.7.<ref name="DuckGoose">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepoultrysite.com/reports/?id=3234|title=USDA International Livestock & Poultry: World Duck, Goose and Guinea Fowl Meat Situation|date=December 19, 2013|publisher=The Poultry Site|accessdate=March 9, 2014|archivedate=June 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629181151/http://www.thepoultrysite.com/reports/?id=3234}}</ref> Mba ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-emepụta ọbọgwụ na Far East gụnyere Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia na South Korea (12% n'ozuzu). France (3.5%) bụ onye na-emepụta ihe kachasị na West, mba EU ndị ọzọ (3%) na North America (1.7%) sochiri.<ref name="Cherry"/> China bụkwa onye kachasị emepụta anụ goose na guinea fowl, na òkè 94% nke ahịa ụwa nde tọn 2.6. <ref name="DuckGoose" /> A na-atụ anya na mmepụta àkwá zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-eru nde tọn 65.5 na 2013, karịa afọ niile gara aga.<ref name="Trend">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/2653/global-poultry-trends-world-egg-production-sets-a-record-despite-slower-growth|title=Global Poultry Trends: World Egg Production Sets a Record Despite Slower Growth|date=January 16, 2013|publisher=The Poultry Site|accessdate=February 24, 2014}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 2000 na afọ 2010, mmepụta àkwá na-eto n'ụwa niile na ihe dị ka 2% kwa afọ, mana kemgbe ahụ, uto ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ belata ruo ihe dị nso na 1% . <ref name="Trend" /> N'afọ 2018, mmepụta àkwá ruru nde tọn 76.7, nnukwu uto 24% kemgbe afọ 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-19|title=Global Egg Production Continues to Grow|url=https://www.internationalegg.com/resource/global-egg-production-continues-to-grow/|accessdate=2024-01-21|work=International Egg Commission|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Ebe a na-egbu anụ ọkụkọ === [[Usòrò:MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg|thumb|N'ụlọ ọkụkọ nke Rungis International Market, France]] A na-enweta ọkụkọ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, dị ka nnụnụ dum ma ọ bụ dị ka nkwonkwo (nke a na-ebipụ), ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-ewepụ, nke a na'ụzọ dị iche iche, nke a chịrị ma ọ bụ sie.<ref name="FeedCo" /> Akụkụ anụ kachasị mma nke nnụnụ bụ uru ahụ na-efe efe n'obi ya, nke a na-akpọ anụ "obi", na uru ahụ na na-agagharị agagharị n'ụkwụ ya, nke akpọrọ "mkpịsị ụkwụ" na "ụbọ". A na-eri nku ya (nku Buffalo bụ ihe atụ a ma ama na United States) ma nwee ike kewaa ya n'akụkụ atọ, "drumette", "wingette" (nke a na-akpọkwa "flat"), na isi nku (nke a makwaara dị ka "flapper"). <ref name="FeedCo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.feedcousa.com/poultrymeatcuts.htm|title=Poultry meat cuts|publisher=FeedCo USA|accessdate=March 1, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430031413/http://www.feedcousa.com/poultrymeatcuts.htm|archivedate=April 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chow.com/food-news/105062/america-youre-getting-two-thirds-of-the-chicken-wing/|title=America, You're Getting Two-Thirds of the Hot Wing|accessdate=April 3, 2014|archivedate=September 7, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907193642/http://www.chow.com/food-news/105062/america-youre-getting-two-thirds-of-the-chicken-wing/}}</ref> Na Japan, a na-ekewa nku ahụ ugboro ugboro, a na'akpọkwa akụkụ ndị a 手羽元 (''Teba-moto'' "ala nku") na 手羽先 (teba -saki "isi nku"). <ref>{{Cite book|title=日本料理用語辞典 (英文): Ingredients & Culture|author=Hosking|first=Richard|year=1996|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-0-8048-2042-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1avA7zEYCQ0C&q=teba-moto+teba-saki&pg=PA156}}</ref> A na-eji anụ ojii, nke ndị na-ahụ maka myology nnụnụ na-akpọ "ọbara uhie", eme ihe maka ọrụ na-aga n'ihu - ọkachasị ịga ije, n'ihe gbasara ọkụkọ. Agba gbara ọchịchịrị na-abịa site na protein myoglobin, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ikuku oxygen na nchekwa n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ. Mkpụrụ obi ọcha, n'ụzọ dị iche, dị mma naanị maka obere ọrụ dịka, maka ọkụkọ, na-efe efe. Ya mere, ụkwụ ọkụkọ na anụ apata ụkwụ ya gbara ọchịchịrị, ebe anụ ara ya (nke mejupụtara uru ahụ isi) na-acha ọcha. Nnụnụ ndị ọzọ nwere uru ara dabara adaba maka nnụnụ na-aga n'ihu, dị ka ọbọgwụ na geese, nwere uru ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara (ya mere anụ ojii) n'ebe niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dwb.unl.edu/teacher/nsf/c10/c10links/www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/pubs/mpcolor.htm|title=The color of meat and poultry|date=May 1, 2000|publisher=USDA: Food Safety and Inspection Service|accessdate=March 1, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607080043/http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C10/C10Links/www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/pubs/mpcolor.htm|archivedate=June 7, 2013}}</ref> Ụfọdụ anụ ndị a na-egbu gụnyere anụ ọkụkọ na-ekpughe usoro microscopic nke intracellular muscle fibrils nke nwere ike iwepụ ìhè ma mepụta ụcha na-egbuke egbuke, ihe ọhụụ a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ ụcha.<ref name="foods">{{Cite journal|year=2013|author=Martinez-Hurtado, J. L.|title=Iridescence in Meat Caused by Surface Gratings|journal=Foods|volume=2|pages=499–506|doi=10.3390/foods2040499|issue=4|pmid=28239133}}</ref> == Ahụike na ọrịa (mmadụ) == [[Usòrò:LemonChicken2.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe e gburu site na ọkụkọ ndị e gburu egbu]] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, ọ dịghị nnwale ahụike nyochara nri ọkụkọ na ahụike mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2022|title=Poultry Consumption and Human Health: How Much Is Really Known? A Systematically Searched Scoping Review and Research Perspective|journal=Advances in Nutrition|volume=13|issue=6|pages=2115–2124|doi=10.1093/advances/nmac074|pmid=36351778}}</ref> Anụ ọkụkọ na àkwá na-enye nri bara uru na-edozi ahụ nke nwere protein dị elu. Nke a na-esonyere obere abụba nke nwere ngwakọta abụba dị mma.<ref name="FAOhealth">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/en/poultry/human_health.html|title=Poultry and human health|date=August 1, 2013|publisher=FAO|accessdate=February 25, 2014}}</ref> Anụ ọkụkọ nwere ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ ruo atọ karịa abụba polyunsaturated dị ka ọtụtụ ụdị anụ na-acha ọbara ọbara mgbe a na-atụ ya site na ịdị arọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nuinfo-proto4.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/lipids.html|title=Feinberg School: Nutrition Fact Sheet: Lipids|publisher=Northwestern University|accessdate=August 24, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720014201/http://nuinfo-proto4.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/lipids.html|archivedate=July 20, 2011}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, maka ara ọkụkọ na-enweghị ọkpụkpụ, nke na-enweghị akpụkpọ ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị ala. 100 gram (3.5 nke ara ọkụkọ a na-esighị esi nwere gram 2 (0.071 nke abụba na gram 22 (0.78 nke protein, ma e jiri ya tụnyere gram 9 (0.32 nke fatty na gram 20 (0.71 ya nke protein maka otu akụkụ nke [[anụ uhie]] a na-adịghị esi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service|authorlink=Agricultural Research Service|title=FoodData Central {{!}} Chicken, breast, boneless, skinless, raw|url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/2646170/nutrients|accessdate=2024-03-13|work=fdc.nal.usda.gov|archivedate=2019-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403171801/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/2646170/nutrients}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service|authorlink=Agricultural Research Service|title=FoodData Central {{!}} Beef, flank, steak, boneless, choice, raw|url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/2646175/nutrients|accessdate=2024-03-13|work=fdc.nal.usda.gov|archivedate=2019-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403171801/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/2646175/nutrients}}</ref> Nnyocha 2011 nke Translational Genomics Research Institute gosipụtara na 47% nke anụ na anụ ọkụkọ a na-ere na ụlọ ahịa nri [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] emetọla ''Staphylococcus aureus'', na 52% nke nje bacteria gosipụtara iguzogide ọ dịkarịa ala ìgwè atọ nke ọgwụ nje. Nri zuru oke nke ngwaahịa ahụ ga-egbu nje bacteria ndị a, mana ihe ize ndụ nke mmetọ site na njikwa na-ezighị ezi nke ngwaahịa ahụ ka dị.<ref>{{Cite news|title=US meat and poultry is widely contaminated with drug-resistant Staph bacteria, study finds|author=The Translational Genomics Research Institute|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110415083153.htm|work=Science Daily|date=April 15, 2011|accessdate=February 27, 2014}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ihe ize ndụ ụfọdụ dị maka ndị na-eri anụ ọkụkọ na àkwá na nje bacteria dịka ''Salmonella'' na ''Campylobacter''. Ngwaahịa ọkụkọ nwere ike imerụ nje bacteria ndị a n'oge njikwa, nhazi, ahịa, ma ọ bụ nchekwa, na-akpata ọrịa sitere na nri ma ọ bụrụ na esighị ngwaahịa ahụ ma ọ bụ jikwa ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.<ref name="FAOhealth"/> N'ozuzu, influenza nnụnụ bụ ọrịa nnụnụ nke nje influenza A nke nnụnụ na-akpata nke a na-adịghị ebufe ndị mmadụ; Otú ọ dị, ndị na-emetụta ọkụkọ dị ndụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ kachasị ukwuu nke ibute nje ahụ na nke a bụ nchegbu pụrụ iche na mpaghara ndị dị ka Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ebe ọrịa ahụ dị na nnụnụ ọhịa na ọkụkọ ụlọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa. Nje ahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-egbu egbu ma na-efe efe n'ime ụmụ mmadụ ma na-akpata ọrịa influenza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/|title=Information on Avian Influenza|work=Seasonal Influenza (Flu)|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=March 3, 2014}}</ref> Enwere ike ịzụlite nje bacteria na ụlọ nyocha na mgbasa ozi ọdịbendị na-edozi ahụ, mana nje virus chọrọ mkpụrụ ndụ dị ndụ iji mepụta. Enwere ike ịzụlite ọtụtụ ọgwụ mgbochi Ọrịa na-efe efe na àkwá ọkụkọ. A na-eji ọtụtụ nde àkwá eme ihe kwa afọ iji mepụta ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa influenza a chọrọ kwa afọ, usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-ewe ihe dị ka ọnwa isii mgbe e mere mkpebi banyere ụdị nje virus ga-etinye na ọgwụ mgbochi ọhụrụ ahụ. Nsogbu na iji àkwá maka ebumnuche a bụ na ndị na-arịa ọrịa na-adịghị anabata àkwá enweghị ike imeri ha, mana enwere ike imeri nsogbu a ka usoro ọhụrụ maka mkpụrụ ndụ kama ịba ụba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm336267.htm|title=The evolution, and revolution, of flu vaccines|date=January 18, 2013|work=FDA: Consumer updates|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration|accessdate=March 6, 2014}}</ref> Ọdịbendị dabeere na mkpụrụ ndụ ga-aba uru na ọrịa na-efe efe mgbe o nwere ike isi ike inweta nnukwu ego nke àkwá kwesịrị ekwesị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/vaccines-pandemic-threats|title=Vaccines for pandemic threats|date=January 15, 2014|work=The History of Vaccines|accessdate=March 5, 2014}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Nnụnụ Egwuregwu * Ọrịa na-adịghị anabata ọkụkọ * Ọrịa na-efe efe nke Newcastle == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2blauy2szw98520nt7eh3uqvxk9zoj7 0 50791 727798 638103 2026-09-25T03:06:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727798 wikitext text/x-wiki Ihe mkpuchi ala bụ ngwaahịa a na-agbakwunye na ala iji meziwanye àgwà anụ ahụ nke ala, na-emekarị ọmụmụ ya (ikike inye nri maka osisi) na mgbe ụfọdụ ọrụ ya. N'iji ya eme ihe n'ozuzu ya, a na-echekarị okwu ahụ bụ "ihe mkpuchi ala" dị ka akụkụ nke mmezi ala (ma ọ bụ mma ala, ọnọdụ ala), nke a na-aghọtakarị na ọ gụnyere ọtụtụ fatịlaịza na ihe ndị na-abụghị organic. 1] Na onodu nke ewu ala oyi na-akpọkwa ala stabilization. Enwere ike iji ihe mkpuchi ala mee ka ala dara ogbenye dịkwuo mma, ma ọ bụ wughachi ala nke mebiri emebi site na njikwa ala na-ezighi ezi. Ha nwere ike ime ka ala na-adịghị mma na-eji ya eme ihe, enwere ike iji ya mee ka ala dị n'ogo dị elu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Noble|first=R|title=Risks and benefits of soil amendment with composts in relation to plant pathogens|journal=Australasian Plant Pathology|date=March 2011|volume=40|issue=157|pages=157–167|doi=10.1007/s13313-010-0025-7}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya == A kọwawo ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche dị ka ihe na-edozi ala n'ihi ike ha na-eme ka mma ala dị mma. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ gụnyere biochar,[3] nri ọkpụkpụ, nri ọbara, ogige kọfị, compost, tii compost, coir, nri, [4] ahịhịa, peat, sphagnum moss, vermiculite, sọlfọ, lime, hydroabsorbant polymers, [5] na biosolids.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nviro.com/files/Biosolids_Facts.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404072822/http://www.nviro.com/files/Biosolids_Facts.pdf|archivedate=4 April 2015|title=Questions and Answers on Land Application of Biosolids|publisher=Water Environment Federation|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ihe nkpuchi ala na-abịa n'ụdị ngwaahịa organic akwadoro, maka ndị mmadụ na-eche maka idobe ihe ọkụkụ organic ma ọ bụ ubi ahịhịa. A na-enweta ihe mkpuchi ala nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkọwa ọ bụla site na ụlọ ahịa dị n'ịntanetị ma ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara mpaghara yana ụlọ ahịa na-ebubata ubi.<ref name="Natural Fertilizers and Soil Amendments">{{Cite web|title=Natural Fertilizers Amendments|url=http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/chatham/ag/SustAg/fertlist.html|accessdate=May 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424002948/http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/chatham/ag/SustAg/fertlist.html|archivedate=April 24, 2012}}</ref> === Polyacrylamides === A na-enyocha polyacrylamides n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe na-edozi ala.[8] Ewebata ha dị ka "linear ala conditioner" na 1950 site Monsanto Company n'okpuru ahia aha Krilium. E gosipụtara nkà na ụzụ nhazi nke ala na nnọkọ mkparịta ụka na "Mmelite nke Ọdịdị Ala" nke e mere na Philadelphia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] na Disemba 29, 1951. Edebere nkà na ụzụ ahụ nke ọma na e bipụtara ya na mbipụta June 1952 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Soil Science, olu 73, June 1952 nke a raara nye maka ihe mkpuchi ala polymeric. Nhazi mbụ nke polyacrylamide ala conditioners siri ike iji n'ihi na ọ nwere calcium nke jikọtara polymer linear n'okpuru ọnọdụ ubi. Monsanto gbahapụrụ Krilium. Ndị na-edozi ala na-edozi mmiri na-enye uru ndị a: <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Soil Science|year=1986|volume=141|issue=5|title=Foreword|author=[[Arthur Wallace]], [[Sheldon D. Nelson]]}}</ref> # mụbaa oghere dị n'ala nwere ụrọ # mụbaa mmiri na-abanye n'ime ala nwere ụrọ # gbochie mkpocha ala # ịkwụsị erosion na mmiri na-asọba # mee ka ala na-agbawa agbawa nke dị mfe ịkọ # mee ka ala kpọọ ngwa ngwa mgbe mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ ịgba mmiri gasịrị, ka e wee nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ala ngwa ngwa # osisi ndị siri ike, ndị buru ibu nwere usoro mgbọrọgwụ sara mbara # mmalite nke mkpụrụ na ntozu nke ihe ọkụkụ # ojiji mmiri dị irè karị # iwepụ ahịhịa dị mfe # mmeghachi omume na fatịlaịza na ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ọhụrụ # obere ọrịa osisi ndị metụtara ikuku na-adịghị mma n'ala # mbelata ike achọrọ maka ịkọ ugbo A na-ejikarị ụdị polyacrylamide, nke na-ejigide mmiri nke ukwuu, eme ihe maka ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo n'okpuru aha azụmahịa dịka Broadleaf P4 na Swell-Gel. Na mgbakwunye na iji ya mee ihe n'ala ugbo, a na-eji polymer ndị a eme ihe n'ebe a na-ewu ihe maka Nchịkwa mbuze, iji chebe [[Ịdị mma mmiri|ogo mmiri]] nke [[osimiri]] na iyi ndị dị nso.<ref>Construction Contract Standards "Standard Specifications State of California".</ref> Dị ka monomer nonionic ọ nwere ike iso anionic mee ihe dịka ọmụmaatụ Acrylic acid na cationic monomer dị ka diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) ma mepụta co-polymer nke nwere ike ịnwe ndakọrịta dị iche iche na ngwa dị iche iche. A na-ejikwa Polyacrylamide mee ihe n'ala ite ite.<ref name="ecanada">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/ese-ees/default.asp?lang=En&xml=FF4FCD6E-B330-7266-D1FD-B44C48A6BC9B|title=Screening Assessment for the Challenge: 2-Propenamide (Acrylamide)|author=Environment Canada|date=August 2009|work=Environment and Climate Change Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|authorlink=Environment Canada}}</ref> Ojiji ọzọ nke polyacrylamide bụ dị ka kemịkal dị n'etiti na mmepụta nke N-methylol acrylamide na N-butoxyacrylamides.<ref name="NIOSHskin">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-139/pdfs/2011-139.pdf|title=NIOSH skin notation (SK) profile: acrylamide [CAS No. 79-06-1].|author=Dotson|first=GS|date=April 2011|journal=DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011-139}}</ref> == Ebumnuche == === Ọdịdị ala === Ojiji a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-eme ka ala dị mma bụ iji melite ọdịdị ala. Ala na-ejikarị mkpakọ ka oge na-aga. Mkpokọta ala na-egbochi uto mgbọrọgwụ, na-ebelata ikike nke osisi iji nweta ihe oriri na mmiri. Ndị na-edozi ala nwere ike ịgbakwunye loft na ọdịdị iji mee ka ala dị nro.<ref name="Soil Compaction: Causes, Effects, and Control">{{Cite web|title=Soil Compaction: Causes, Effects, and Control|url=http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/components/3115s01.html#section1|accessdate=May 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529093857/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/components/3115s01.html#section1|archivedate=May 29, 2012}}</ref> === Ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ n'ala === Kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị mmadụ anọwo na-agbakwunye ihe na ala na-adịghị mma iji melite ikike ha iji kwado uto osisi dị mma. A ka na-eji ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a, dị ka compost, ụrọ na peat, eme ihe nke ukwuu taa. Ọtụtụ mmezigharị ala na-agbakwunye ihe oriri dịka carbon na nitrogen, yana nje bacteria bara uru. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-edozi ahụ, dị ka calcium, magnesium na phosphorus, nwekwara ike ịbawanye site na mmezigharị. Nke a na-eme ka ala baa ọgaranya, na-enye ohere ka osisi too ma sie ike.<ref name="Soil Amendments and Fertilizers">{{Cite web|title=Soil Amendments and Fertilizers|url=http://www.hgic.umd.edu/content/documents/hg42_002.pdf|accessdate=May 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526155907/http://www.hgic.umd.edu/content/documents/hg42_002.pdf|archivedate=May 26, 2012}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke Cation === Mgbanwe ala nwekwara ike ịbawanye ikike mgbanwe cation (CEC) nke ala. Ala na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe nchekwa nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ. Ikike nke ala iji chekwaa otu ìgwè ihe na-edozi ahụ, cations. Cations ala ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ calcium, magnesium, potassium, ammonium, Hydrogen, na sodium. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ngụkọta nke cations ala nwere ike ijide, ngụkọta ụgwọ ya, bụ ikike mgbanwe cation nke ala. Ka CEC dị elu, ka ụgwọ na-adịghị mma dị elu na cations ndị ọzọ enwere ike ijide ma gbanwee ya na mgbọrọgwụ osisi, na-enye ha nri ha chọrọ.<ref name="Fundamentals of Soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)">{{Cite web|title=Fundamentals of Soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)|url=http://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/AY/AY-238.html|accessdate=May 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="What is Soil Conditioner?">{{Cite web|title=What is Soil Conditioner?|url=https://www.southlandorganics.com/article/what-soil-conditioner|accessdate=February 18, 2013|archivedate=April 2, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180042/https://www.southlandorganics.com/article/what-soil-conditioner}}</ref> === Ịnọgide mmiri === Enwere ike iji ihe na-eme ka ala dị mma iji melite ijigide mmiri n'ala kpọrọ nkụ, nke na-adịghị ejide mmiri nke ọma. Mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị dị ndụ dịka ọmụmaatụ nwere ike imeziwanye ikike ijide mmiri nke ala [[Sandy soil|ájá]] ma enwere ike itinye ha iji gbanwee pH nke ala iji gboo mkpa nke osisi ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ iji mee ka ala acid ma ọ bụ alkaline dị elu.<ref name="Improving Your Soil">{{Cite web|title=Improving Your Soil|url=http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/soil/improving_soil.html|accessdate=May 10, 2012|archivedate=April 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427051256/http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/soil/improving_soil.html}}</ref> Enwere ike iji ihe ndị ọzọ mee ihe iji were ọrụ nke ihe ndị mejupụtara na ụrọ n'imeziwanye ala ka a nyochara na ntọala sayensị na mbido narị afọ nke 20, a na-echepụta okwu ahụ bụ ọnọdụ ala. Ntọala ndị a na-ekpe ikpe ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-abụkarị ọnụ ahịa ha, ikike ha nwere ịbawanye mmiri n'ala ruo ogologo oge, ịkpali ọrụ microbiological, ịbawanye ọkwa nri na imeziwanye ọnụego ndụ osisi. E webatara ihe mbụ na-eme ka ala dị n'ime ala n'afọ ndị 1950, mgbe polyacrylonitrile nke mmiri na-emepụta bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. N'ihi ikike ha nwere ịmịkọrọ ọtụtụ narị okpukpu nke ibu ha na mmiri, polyacrylamides na polymethacrylates (nke a makwaara dị ka hydroabsorbent polymers, superabsorbent polymers ma ọ bụ hydrogels) ka a nwalere n'ọrụ ugbo, ọrụ ugbo na ịma mma ala malite na afọ 1960. Mmasị lara n'iyi mgbe nnwale gosipụtara na ha bụ phytotoxic n'ihi nnukwu acrylamide monomer fọdụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọganihu n'ịmepụta ihe mechara mee ka monomer gbadaa n'okpuru ọkwa na-egbu egbu, akwụkwọ sayensị na-egosi ihe ịga nke ọma ole na ole n'iji polymer ndị a mee ihe maka ịbawanye ogo osisi ma ọ bụ ịdị ndụ. Ọdịdị nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ike ịdị irè na mbido afọ 1980, gụnyere hydroabsorbent polymers na copolymers sitere na ezinụlọ propenamide na propenamide-propenoate, meghere ọhụụ ọhụrụ. === Nkwado ala === N'ihe gbasara iwu ụlọ, e nwere ụfọdụ usoro mmezi ala nke e bu n'uche imeziwanye ike na nguzogide nke ala dị nro, dịka ọmụmaatụ mgbe ị na-egwu ọwa miri emi maka ụzọ n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ iwu ọwa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Architectural Graphic Standards|publisher=The American Institute of Architects|date=2008|isbn=9780470085462}}</ref> A na-ejikwa usoro nkwụsi ike nke ala nke obere nrụgide kemịkal na-abanye n'ime ala maka ntọala dị elu dị ka ihe ọzọ iji kpoo ntọala na mmepe obibi n'elu ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa East River. Mmetụta nrụgide nwere ike isi ike itinye n'ọrụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na ebe ndị nwere ihe mkpofu ma ọ bụ ala dịgasị iche iche na nke siri ike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lees|first=David|title=Permeation Grouting in Sydney|journal=Conference: Geotechnical Advances and Challenges in Urban Development|date=May 2021|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351870455_PERMEATION_GROUTING_IN_SYDNEY}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc683000/|title=Laboratory Evaluation of Performance and Durability of Polymer Grouts for Subsurface Hydraulic/Diffusion Barriers|date=1994|publisher=Brookhaven National Laboratory|work=UNT Digital Library|quote=The selection of subsurface barriers for any given site which needs remediation, and the selection of a particular barrier technology must be done, however, by means of the Superfund Process, with special emphasis on the remedial investigation and feasibility study portions. The chemical compatibility of the material with the wastes, leachates and geology with which it is likely to come in contact is of particular importance for barriers constructed from fluids which are supposed to set in-situ. EPA emphasizes this compatibility in its guidance documents, noting that thorough characterization of the waste, leachate, barrier material chemistry, site geochemistry, and compatibility testing of the barrier material with the likely disposal site chemical environment are all required.}}</ref> == Ntinye aha == Enwere ike itinye ihe na-eme ka ala dị nro n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. A na-eji osisi na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ n'ime ha tupu ha akụ. A na-etinye ndị ọzọ mgbe a kụrụ ha, ma ọ bụ oge ụfọdụ n'oge oge uto. A ga-eme nnwale ala tupu etinye ihe na-eme ka ala dị mma iji mụtakwuo banyere ihe mejupụtara na ọdịdị ala. Nnyocha a ga-ekpebi ihe ndị ga-adaba adaba maka ọnọdụ ndị dịnụ.<ref name="Producing Garden Vegetables with Organic Soil Amendments">{{Cite web|title=Producing Garden Vegetables with Organic Soil Amendments|url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg323|accessdate=May 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000523220738/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG323|archivedate=May 23, 2000}}</ref> == Nchegbu banyere gburugburu ebe obibi == Ọ bụ ezie na ịgbakwunye ihe na-eme ka ala dị n'ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ n'ubi nwere ike iyi ka ọ bụ ụzọ dị mma iji nweta osisi ndị dị mma, itinye ihe ụfọdụ n'ọrụ gabigara ókè nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, [[Ńnú|nnu]], nitrogen, ọla na ihe ndị ọzọ na-edozi ahụ nke dị n'ọtụtụ mmezi ala anaghị arụpụta ihe mgbe agbakwunyere ya n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, ọ pụkwara imebi ahụike osisi n'ezie. (Lee fatịlaịza ọkụ.) Mmiri na-edozi ahụ karịrị akarị n'ime mmiri na-emekwa, nke na-emerụ ahụ na mmiri na, site na ya, gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="Protecting Water Quality from Agricultural Runoff">{{Cite web|title=Protecting Water Quality from Agricultural Runoff|url=http://www.epa.gov/owow/NPS/Ag_Runoff_Fact_Sheet.pdf|accessdate=May 10, 2012|archive-date=October 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008020523/http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/Ag_Runoff_Fact_Sheet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 61usx6u67gq6nfioeqziyhlwk960fvy 0 51306 727743 725489 2026-09-24T22:22:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727743 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Giovanni Kyeremateng''' (amuru 20 Febrụwarị 1991) bụ onye [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Italy nke sitere na agbụrụ [[Ghana]] nke na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu maka klọb Serie D nke Caratese . == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ ntorobịa === Amụrụ na Arona, Piedmont, Giovanni malitere ọrụ ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye </link>Basty na Ọ na-egwuri egwu site na otu ''Pulcini Regionali'' na 2001-02 oge ruo ''Allievi Nazionali'' n'okpuru-17 otu na 2007-08 oge, na-emeri otu egwuregwu ''Giovanissimi Nazionali'' na 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=23174&L=en|title=GIOVANISSIMI NAZIONALI SCUDETTO SQUAD|date=15 June 2006|accessdate=3 November 2010|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=www.inter.it|archive-date=7 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207174103/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=23174&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> O nyekwara ndị otu ''Allievi'' nke Pro Sesto ego na ọkara mbụ nke oge 2007–08 yana Cristiano Biraghi, Marco Puntoriere na Domenico Maiese . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29493&L=en|title=Youngsters return from loan periods|date=1 July 2008|accessdate=6 September 2010|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=www.inter.it|archive-date=10 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010193451/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29493&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri na Inter ''Allievi Nazionali'' na Jenụwarị 2008 <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=28543&L=en|title=Academy: players in and out|date=31 January 2008|accessdate=4 November 2010|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=www.inter.it|archive-date=10 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010151738/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?L=en&N=28543|url-status=dead}}</ref> wee nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ na gburugburu 16 nke egwuregwu egwuregwu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29328&L=en|title=Allievi Nazionali: Inter 7-1 Treviso|date=18 May 2008|accessdate=4 November 2010|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=www.inter.it|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011161809/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29328&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Monza === Na oge 2008-09, Inter gbaziri ụfọdụ ndị egwuregwu Monza, ya bụ Paolo Campinoti, Nicolò De Cesare, Luca D'Errico, D.Maiese, Mirko Santoro, Davide Tremolada, Stefano Tresoldi, Maximiliano Uggè, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29701&L=en|title=Jago Del Piero joins from Treviso|date=1 September 2008|accessdate=3 November 2010|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=www.inter.it|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011124757/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29701&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Niccolò Scaccabarozzi na Francesco Polter (site na Jenụwarị). Kyeremateng jikọtara ya na Giovanissimi Scudetto na-emeri onye otu egwuregwu Stefan Nenadović na Monza. Monza zụtara ya ozugbo na August 2009 <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/?action=read&id=165628|title=UFFICIALE: Monza, tesserati dieci giovani dall'Inter|date=10 August 2009|accessdate=4 November 2010|work=Tutto Mercato Web|language=Italian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.acmonza.it/index.cfm?fuseaction=m7.home&newsDetail=32303&typeNews=news|title=Il Monza Brianza acquisisce a titolo definitivo dall' Inter 10 giocatori già nel vivaio biancorosso|date=7 August 2009|accessdate=5 November 2010|work=AC Monza Brianza 1912|language=Italian|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722023425/http://www.acmonza.it/index.cfm?fuseaction=m7.home&newsDetail=32303&typeNews=news|url-status=dead}}</ref> n'efu Na 31 Jenụwarị 2011 ọ gbaziri ya na Ascoli, n'ọnọdụ ya na Simone Masini . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.acmonzabrianza.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=666:mercato-scambio-di-prestiti-con-lascoli-arriva-masini-e-parte-kyeremateng-dallinter-arriva-antonio-esposito&catid=46:informazioni&Itemid=456&lang=en|title=MARKET: Exchange of loans with Ascoli, Masini arrives and Kyeremateng parts. From Inter arrives Antonio Esposito|date=31 January 2011|accessdate=23 February 2011|work=AC Monza Brianza 1912|language=Italian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ascolicalcio.net/altre_news.asp?id=6316|title=Ultime di mercato|date=31 January 2011|accessdate=23 February 2011|work=Ascoli Calcio 1898|language=Italian|archive-date=23 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723020020/http://www.ascolicalcio.net/altre_news.asp?id=6316|url-status=dead}}</ref> O yi uwe no.20. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legaserieb.it/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=47aed506-b09c-44d0-ab89-3936ab4abb81&groupId=115051|title=Comunicati Stampa no.44 (2010–11 season)|date=4 February 2011|accessdate=23 February 2011|work=Lega Serie B|format=pdf|language=Italian|archivedate=11 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211063059/http://www.legaserieb.it/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=47aed506-b09c-44d0-ab89-3936ab4abb81&groupId=115051}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nanị na ọ nwere ike igwu egwu n'okpuru-20 otu na Campionato Nazionale Primavera . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ascolicalcio.net/altre_news.asp?id=6552|title=Primavera: Ascoli-Bari 2-1|date=16 April 2011|accessdate=2 November 2011|work=Ascoli Calcio 1898|language=Italian|archive-date=6 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406114016/http://www.ascolicalcio.net/altre_news.asp?id=6552|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 11 Jenụwarị 2012 ọ hapụrụ Montichiari yana Houssem Chemali na Jeffrey Senou . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.acmonzabrianza.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1251%3Aarriva-lesperto-centrocampista-mattia-biso-chemali-kyeremateng-e-senou-in-prestito-al-montichiari&catid=47%3Acomunicati&Itemid=442&lang=it|title=Arriva il centrocampista Mattia Biso. Chemali, Kyeremateng, Senou al Montichiari|date=11 January 2012|accessdate=16 May 2012|publisher=AC Monza Brianza|language=Italian|archive-date=11 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011211104/http://www.acmonzabrianza.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1251:arriva-lesperto-centrocampista-mattia-biso-chemali-kyeremateng-e-senou-in-prestito-al-montichiari&catid=47:comunicati&Itemid=442&lang=it|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 10 November 2012, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Treviso . <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Treviso FBC 1993|Treviso]]|url=https://www.fctreviso.it/hanno-firmato-kyeremateng-e-zammuto/|title=Hanno firmato Kyeremateng e Zammuto|date=10 November 2012|language=Italian|accessdate=30 August 2024|archivedate=11 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011211103/https://www.fctreviso.it/hanno-firmato-kyeremateng-e-zammuto/}}</ref> Na 17 Jenụwarị 2023, Kyeremateng kwagara na klọb Serie D Vastes . <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Vastese|url=https://www.facebook.com/VasteseCalcio/posts/pfbid0249o1yJMmVXWbfWR1FeDWoueQHWTPpyKoQYbWtXhqLBUSHGGj4v3UBryqTDobfhV1l|title=Giovanni Kyeremateng è un nuovo giocatore della Vastese!|date=17 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|language=it}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == ; Inter ntorobịa * [[Campionato Giovanissimi Nazionali]] : 2006 ; Monza ntorobịa * Campionato Nazionale Dante Berretti onye gbara ọsọ: 2009 <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.beneventocalcio.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2096&Itemid=1|title=20/06/09 - Berretti: Campioni d'Italia|date=20 June 2009|accessdate=4 November 2010|publisher=Benevento Calcio unofficial site|language=Italian}}</ref> == Ntụaka == nyekwara ndị otu Allievi nke Pro Sesto ego na ọkara mbụ nke{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k5oou6ayq2w4vkizijx8mu2p8axqewe 0 52414 727739 721405 2026-09-24T22:08:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Rached Ghannouchi 3.jpg|thumb|Ghannouchi a zụrụ azụ]] '''Rached Ghannouchi''' (Arabic: راشد الغنوشي, romanized: Rāshid al-Ghannūshī; born 22 June 1941<ref>{{Cite book|author=Tamimi|first=Azzam S.|title=Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism|url=https://archive.org/details/rachidghannouchi0000tami|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-514000-2|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/rachidghannouchi0000tami/page/3 3]|language=en|oclc=191942187|quote=In a bunker in a small village close to Hamma in the province of Gabès in southeastern Tunisia, Rachid Ghannouchi was born on 22 June 1941.}}</ref>), sụpekwara Rachid al-Ghannouchi ma ọ bụ Rached el-Ghannouchi, bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia,<ref name="Kramer-review">{{Cite journal|author=Kramer|first=Martin|title=Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat within Islamism|url=http://www.meforum.org/1492/rachid-ghannouchi-a-democrat-within-islamism|accessdate=18 October 2016|volume=1|issue=4|journal=Middle East Quarterly|date=Fall 2002}}</ref> the co-founder of the Ennahdha Party and serving as its intellectual leader.<ref name="Feldman">{{Cite news|author=Feldman|first=Noah|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-30/islamists-victory-in-tunisia-a-win-for-democracy-noah-feldman.html|title=Islamists' Victory in Tunisia a Win for Democracy: Noah Feldman|publisher=Bloomberg|date=2011-10-30|accessdate=2011-10-31}}</ref> He was born 16 June 2013}}. A kpọrọ Ghannouchi otu n'ime ndị 100 kachasị emetụta n'ụwa n'afọ 2012 na ndị na-eche echiche 100 kachasị elu n'ụwa niile <ref>{{Cite web|author=Foreign Policy|title=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers 2011|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers|accessdate=2017-03-11|archivedate=2012-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504074817/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers}}</ref> Onye isi ala Andrew, Duke nke York nyere ya ihe nrite Chatham House na 2012 (n'akụkụ onye isi ala Tunisia Moncef Marzouki) maka "mmebi ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọ bụla enwetara n'oge mgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche Tunisia".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Chatham House|title=Chatham House Prize 2012|url=http://www.chathamhouse.org/chatham-house-prize/2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghannouchi|first=Rached|title=Transcript of speech at Chatham House Prize 2012 awards ceremony, 26 November 2012|url=http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Meetings/Meeting%20Transcripts/261112CHPrize.pdf|accessdate=22 January 2015|archivedate=12 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012010600/https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Meetings/Meeting%20Transcripts/261112CHPrize.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, ọ natara onyinye Jamnalal Bajaj maka "ịkwalite ụkpụrụ Gandian na mpụga [[Ndia|India]]". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamnalalbajajawards.org/awards/archives/2016/international/rached-ghannouchi|title=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards|publisher=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation|accessdate=2017-02-16}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, a họpụtara Ghannouchi ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi oche nke Nzukọ nke Ndị Nnọchiteanya nke Ndị Mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/tunisia-divided-parliament-set-elect-speaker-191113142939196.html|title=Tunisia parliament elects Ennahdha's Rachid Ghannouchi as speaker|work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> Ghannouchi lanarịrị votu nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi mgbe ndị omeiwu 97 votu megidere ya na 30 Julaị 2020, na-erughị 109 chọrọ ịchụpụ ya dị ka Onye isi oche nke Houselọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/7/30/tunisias-parliament-speaker-narrowly-survives-confidence-vote|title=Tunisia's parliament speaker narrowly survives confidence vote|work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Ghannouchi na mpụga El Hamma, na mpaghara Gabes na ndịda Tunisia. Obodo ya enweghị ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ awara awara. Nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo dara ogbenye nwere ụmụaka gụnyere Rached. Ezinụlọ ya na-arụ ọrụ n'ubi kwa ụbọchị, na-enwekwa anụ ha ga-eri naanị ugboro ole na ole n'afọ.<ref name="worth-2016-203-4">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=203–4|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> Mgbe oge ala gwụchara, ezinụlọ ahụ ji akwụkwọ nkwụ kpụọ nkata iji gbakwunye ego ha na-enweta. Rached nwere ike ịga alaka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọdịnala Arabic Zaytouna n'ihi enyemaka ego sitere n'aka nwanne ya nwoke tọrọ ya.<ref name="worth-2016-203-4" /> O nwetara asambodo nzere ntozu ya, nke ya na Baccalauréat, na 1962 site na Mahadum Ez-Zitouna (Zaytouna). Ọ banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ọrụ ugbo na Cairo University na 1964 ma, mgbe a chụpụrụ ndị Tunisia na Egypt, ọ hapụrụ Syria. Ọ gụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Damaskọs, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1968. Ghannouchi jikwa oge na 20s na-eme njem na-arụ ọrụ na Europe dị ka onye na-atụtụ mkpụrụ vaịn na efere efere.<ref name="worth-2016-207-8">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=207–8|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> == Òtù Na-akwado Ndị Alakụba == N'April 1981 Ghannouchi tọrọ ntọala Islamic Tendency Movement (Arabic: حركة الاتجاه الإسلامي Ḥarakat al-Ittijāh al-Islāmī). The Movement kọwara onwe ya dị ka gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ kpọmkwem na Islamism na-adịghị eme ihe ike, ma na-akpọ maka "nrụghachi ndụ akụ na ụba n'ụzọ ziri ezi karị, njedebe nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị otu na ịnakwere ọtụtụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya."<ref name="Kechichian-16-9-2011">{{Cite news|author=Kechichian|first=Joseph A.|title=A genuine Islamist democrat|url=http://gulfnews.com/culture/people/a-genuine-islamist-democrat-1.865958|accessdate=18 October 2016|date=September 16, 2011}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Julaị, e jidere Ghannouchi na ndị na-eso ụzọ ya, maa ha ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na otu na Bizerte, ma mekpọọ ha ọnụ. Ma ndị okpukpe na ndị ụwa, gụnyere ọtụtụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụwa, gbakọtara iji kwado ya.<ref name="Linda G. Jones 1988">Linda G. Jones, "Portrait of Rashid Al-Ghannoushi" ''Middle East Report'', No. 153 (July–August 1988).</ref>Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ọ sụgharịrị ọtụtụ ọrụ wee dee isiokwu ndị dị ka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na Palestine. O dekwara ọrụ ya kacha ama ama, Al-Hurriyat al-'Ammah (Nnwere Onwe Ọha).<ref name="OSO-question">{{Cite journal|title=Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism. The Question of Democracy, Azzam S. Tamimi|url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0195140001.001.0001/acprof-9780195140002-chapter-3|year=2001|doi=10.1093/0195140001.001.0001|accessdate=18 October 2016|author=Tamimi|first=Azzam S.}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ 1984, mana ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'afọ 1987 na ikpe ndụ ya niile, mgbe ahụ a tọhapụrụ ọzọ n'afọ 1988. Ọ kwagara [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ebe o biri afọ 22.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/middleeast/article3200426.ece|title=The exile close to winning first Arab Spring election {{!}} The Times|work=The Times|accessdate=2017-03-08|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Feldman" /> Ọ gara nzukọ Kọmitii Alakụba maka Palestine na Chicago na 1989.<ref name="kintera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kintera.org/atf/cf/%7B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%7D/IslamicJihadMovement_July2002.pdf|title=Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|accessdate=2011-10-26|archivedate=2018-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024144424/http://www.kintera.org/atf/cf/%7B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%7D/IslamicJihadMovement_July2002.pdf}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo 1990 nke Kuwait gasịrị, Al-Ghannushi katọrọ Eze Fahd nke Saudi Arabia maka "mpụ dị ukwuu" nke ịkpọ US ka ha bute ndị agha.<ref name="visa">{{Cite web|url=https://martinkramer.org/reader/archives/a-u-s-visa-for-rachid-ghannouchi/|title=A U.S. Visa for Rachid Ghannouchi?|date=October 27, 2010}}</ref> Ọ rịọkwara ka ndị Alakụba kwụsị ngwaahịa, ụgbọelu na ụgbọ mmiri ndị America.<ref name="visa" />A katọwokwa ya maka ịkpọ oku maka jihad megide Israel.<ref name="GMBDW-2014">{{Cite web|author=Merley|first=Steven|title=Tunisian Muslim Brotherhood Leader Speaks In Washington; Rachid Ghannouchi Has Long History Of Extremism And Support For Terrorism|url=http://www.globalmbwatch.com/2014/10/13/tunisian-muslim-brotherhood-leader-speaks-washington-rachid-ghannouchi-long-history-extremism-support-terrorism/|work=Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch|accessdate=18 October 2016|date=October 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rachid Ghannouchi|url=http://www.globalmbwatch.com/rachid-ghannouchi/|work=Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch|date=17 January 2015|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="OSO-Detractors">{{Cite journal|title=Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism. Ghannouchi's Detractors, Azzam S. Tamimi [summary]|url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0195140001.001.0001/acprof-9780195140002-chapter-8|year=2001|doi=10.1093/0195140001.001.0001|accessdate=18 October 2016|author=Tamimi|first=Azzam S.}}</ref> [[Usòrò:RachedGhannouchi.jpg|thumb|196x196px|Rachid Al-Ghannouchi na-ekwu okwu na nzukọ ndị Alakụba n'ihe dị ka afọ 1980.]] Ghannouchi gara n'ihu na-akatọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia na ọchịchị onye isi ala Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.<ref name="york">{{Cite news|title=More Officials Quit in Tunisia Amid Protests|first=David D.|author=Kirkpatrick|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/19/world/africa/19tunis.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=More%20officials%20quit%20in%20tunisia&st=cse|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 January 2011|accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref> == Mgbanwe nke Tunisia na mgbe ọ gasịrị == N'ịgbaso Ọgba aghara a ma ama nke a chụpụrụ Ben Ali, Ghannouchi laghachiri Tunisia na 30 Jenụwarị 2011, mgbe ọ nọrọ afọ iri abụọ na abụọ na [[London]], <ref name="Asharq Al-Awsat">{{Cite news|url=http://aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&issueno=11751&article=606016&feature=|publisher=[[Asharq Al-Awsat]]|date=30 January 2011|language=ar|accessdate=30 January 2011|title=Archive copy|archive-date=8 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308111426/http://aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&issueno=11751&article=606016&feature=|url-status=dead}}</ref> na ọtụtụ puku <ref>{{Cite news|title=Rached Ghannouchi de retour à Tunis après 20 ans d'exil : un accueil exceptionnel|url=http://www.leaders.com.tn/article/3880-rached-ghannouchi-de-retour-a-tunis-apres-20-ans-d-exil-un-accueil-exceptionnel|accessdate=30 January 2011|work=Leaders|date=30 January 2011}}</ref> ndị mmadụ nabatara ya. Òtù ya meriri 37.04% nke votu (ihe karịrị òtù anọ na-esote na-enweta votu jikọtara ọnụ) <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gerges|first=Fawaz|title=The Many Voices of Political Islam|journal=The Majalla|date=June 2012|volume=1573|pages=14–18|url=http://www.majalla.com/eng/print-edition-pdf/al-majalla-issue-1573.pdf|accessdate=4 April 2013|archive-date=30 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730045231/http://www.majalla.com/eng/print-edition-pdf/al-majalla-issue-1573.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> na 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly ntuli aka. Ghannouchi ewereghị ọkwa gọọmentị. Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Ennahdha Hamadi Jebali ghọrọ onye isi ala. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Houda|author=Mzioudet|title=Ennahdha's Jebali Appointed as Tunisian Prime Minister|date=14 December 2011|url=http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/12/14/ennahdas-jebali-appointed-as-tunisian-prime-minister/|accessdate=21 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044127/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/12/14/ennahdas-jebali-appointed-as-tunisian-prime-minister/|archivedate=17 January 2012}}</ref> Ennahda hibere gọọmentị nke dugara Tunisia site na mgbagha na ọgba aghara nke mgbanwe Jasmine gasịrị. Ihe e ji mara gọọmentị n'oge a bụ nghọta ka ukwuu, enweghị nrụrụ aka, na iwulite nkwenye. Na Maachị 2012, Ennahda kwupụtara na ọ gaghị akwado ime sharia ka ọ bụrụ isi mmalite nke iwu na iwu ọhụrụ ahụ, na-ejigide ọdịdị ụwa nke steeti. Ndị Islamist siri ike, bụ ndị chọrọ iwu Sharia siri ike, katọrọ echiche Ennahda n'okwu a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tunisia's constitution will not be based on Sharia: Islamist party|date=27 March 2012|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/27/203529.html|publisher=Al Arabiya|accessdate=18 February 2013}}</ref> A katọrọ gọọmentị maka ịrụ ọrụ akụ na ụba dị ala, na-akpalighị ụlọ ọrụ njem nleta, na mmekọrịta ọjọọ na onye mmekọ azụmahịa kachasị ukwuu nke Tunisia bụ France. Karịsịa, a katọrọ ya maka ịnakwere mgbalị ndị Islamist siri ike na-achọ iwu Sharia na ịkatọ nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na mgbochi na ịlụ karịa otu nwanyị na Septemba 2012, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ịpụnara na ọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na ụlọ akwụkwọ America na-esote ogbugbu nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị abụọ na-akwado aka ekpe Chokri Belaid (na Febụwarị 2013) na Mohamed Brahmi (na Julaị 2013).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Islamism: What it Means for the Middle East and the World|author=Osman|first=Tarek|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2016|accessdate=16 October 2016|isbn=9780300197723|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKZ5CwAAQBAJ&q=burgeoning+}}</ref> ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-ahụ maka mgbawa na September 2012 na ọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya America na ụlọ akwụkwọ na-esote ogbugbu nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe abụọ Chokri Belaid (na February 2013) na Mohamed Brahmi (na July 2013). N'ime ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia nke 2013-14 nke a kpasuru ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị chọrọ ka gọọmentị gbatuo ma ọ bụ ọbụlagodi ụdị ọchịchị Sisi, ebe ndị agha Ennahda guzogidere ntuli aka mbụ, ọbụna na-akwado oku Ghannouchi maka ịchụ aja maka ịdị n'otu mba.<ref name="worth-199-204">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=199–204|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, Ghanouchi sooro onye ndú na-ahụ maka okpukpe Beji Caid Essebsi rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta nkwekọrịta ma na October 5 bịanye aka na "map ụzọ" ebe Ennahda ga-agbadata maka ọchịchị na-elekọta mgbe e kwekọrịtara na iwu ọhụrụ ahụ ruo mgbe a ga-eme ntuli aka ọhụrụ.<ref name="worth-2016-206">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> Ndị isi abụọ ahụ katọrọ nke ukwuu site na ọkwa na faịlụ nke otu ha ma Ghannouchi natara nkwekọrịta site na kansụl Ennahda shura naanị site n'iyi egwu ịhapụ ọrụ.<ref name="worth-2016-205-207">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=205, 207|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2014, ka akwadochara iwu iwu Tunisia ọhụrụ, Ennahdha ji udo kwụsị ọchịchị wee nyefee ọchịchị teknụzụ nke Mehdi Jomaa duziri. Ennahda debere nke abụọ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Ọktoba 2014 na 27.79% nke votu a ma ama wee guzobe gọọmentị mmekorita ya na otu ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Nidaa Tounes n'agbanyeghị mmegide ọkwá na faịlụ.<ref name="worth-2016-218">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=218|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> Ennahda ewepụtaghị onye ga-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala maka ntuli aka Nọvemba 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tunisia-election-ennahda-idUSKBN0H20LJ20140907|title=Tunisia's main Islamist party to stay out of presidential election|publisher=Reuters|date=8 September 2014|accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref> Ghanouchi "kwupụtara n'ụzọ sara mbara" na ya onwe ya kwadoro Beji Caid Essebsi (onye meriri ihe karịrị 55% nke votu).<ref name="worth-2016-219">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=219|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> Ghannouchi rụrụ ụka maka usoro ndị a na-anabata ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị isi n'ihi na mba ahụ ka na-emebi emebi, na akụ na ụba chọrọ mgbanwe, ka Ennahda wee bụrụ onye mmegide.<ref name="worth-2016-218"/> Ghannouchi nyekwara nkwado ya maka mwepu nke nkuzi jihadi na ụlọ alakụba radical (ihe karịrị ndị nkịtị 60, ọkachasị ndị njem nlegharị anya, gburu na 2015 site na jihadis, na-emebi ụlọ ọrụ njem nlegharị anya Tunisia). N'agbanyeghị agbụrụ Islamist ya, ndị jihadis 'na-ekwujọ' ya mgbe niile, dị ka Robert Worth si kwuo, ma ugbu a pụtara nso "n'elu" nke jihadi "ndepụta achọrọ".<ref name="worth-2016-220">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=220|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> === Ebubo ndị e wepụrụ === N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2011, The Economist bipụtara mgbaghara na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha maka ibipụta otu isiokwu n'oge gara aga nke ha kwuru na ọ bụ Ghannouchi kwuru ụgha. Isiokwu ahụ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2011/10/15/now-is-the-time|title=Now is the time|work=The Economist|accessdate=2018-11-17|language=en}}</ref> kwuru na Ghannouchi "na-emegide koodu mmesapụ aka nke mba ahụ nke ikike onye ọ bụla, Code of Personal Status, na mmachi ya nke ịlụ karịa otu nwanyị". Akụkọ ahụ, kwukwara na Ghannouchi "atụla egwu ịkpọgide onye nwanyị Tunisia a ma ama, Raja bin Salama, na Basij Square na Tunis, n'ihi na ọ kpọrọ oku ka iwu ọhụrụ nke obodo dabere na nkwupụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike mmadụ". Mgbaghara ahụ"anyị kwenyere na ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime nkwupụta ndị a bụ eziokwu: Maazị Ghannouchi ekwuola n'ụzọ doro anya na ọ nabatara Code of Personal Status; ọ dịghịkwa mgbe o yiri egwu ịkwụgbu Ms bin Salama. Anyị na-arịọ ya mgbaghara n'enweghị mgbochi. "<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/10/22/an-apology-to-rachid-ghannouchi|title=An apology to Rachid Ghannouchi|work=The Economist|accessdate=2018-11-17|language=en}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, The Independent bipụtara mgbaghara <ref>{{Cite web|title=Apology to Rashid Ghannouchi {{!}} Carter-Ruck|url=https://www.carter-ruck.com/news/read/apology-to-rashid-ghannouchi|work=www.carter-ruck.com|accessdate=2020-05-24}}</ref> na webụsaịtị ha maka ịtụ aro na edemede gara aga na enyere ndị otu Ennahdha ego mba ofesi. Mgbaghara ahụ kwuru, sị: "Anyị chọrọ ime ka o doo anya na Mr. Ghannouchi na ndị otu ya anabataghị onyinye ọ bụla sitere na mba ọzọ na-emebi iwu ego ntinye ego nke Tunisia. Anyị na-arịọ mgbaghara Ghannouchi."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/corrections/rachid-ghannouchi-8203500.html|title=Rachid Ghannouchi|work=The Independent|accessdate=2018-11-17|language=en-GB}}</ref> Na 17 Mee 2013, BBC bipụtara mgbaghara na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha maka ibipụta nkwupụta na-ezighị ezi banyere Ghannouchi ọnwa isii tupu mgbe ahụ na 21 Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="apology">{{Cite news|title=Apology to Rached Ghannouchi|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22464773|accessdate=27 May 2013|work=BBC.co.uk|date=17 May 2013}}</ref> Akụkọ ahụ boro Ghannouchi ebubo na ọ na-eyi egwu inye ndị agha iwu ka ha gaa n'okporo ámá ma ọ bụrụ na Ennahdha Party enwetaghị nsonaazụ ọ tụrụ anya ya na ntuli aka na 2011, ma tụọ aro na ọ kwadoro mwakpo Salafist na-eme ihe ike na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchi anya United States na ọkụ nke American School na Tunis na Septemba 2012.<ref name="apology" /> N'ịkwado na ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ebubo na aro ndị a bụ eziokwu n'ezie, nzaghachi ahụ kwubiri: "BBC rịọrọ Maazị Ghannouchi mgbaghara maka mmejọ ndị a na nsogbu ha kpatara ya. "<ref name="apology" /> === Ikpe nkwutọ === N'afọ 2020, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke UK kpebiri ịkwado Ghannouchi n'okwu nkwutọ megide Middle East Online (MEO) na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya Haitham El Zobaidi. Middle East Online na otu n'ime ndị editọ ya ekwuola na Ennahda "akwado iyi ọha egwu", ebubo Ghannouchi "gọnarị nke ukwuu". Dị ka Ahmed Yusuf si kwuo, isiokwu ahụ bụ akụkụ nke "mkpọsa nhazi" megide Ghannouchi site na "mgbasa ozi nke Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) na Egypt kwadoro."<ref>[https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/tunisia-rached-ghannouchi-wins-libel-suit-uk-high-court Tunisia's Rached Ghannouchi wins libel case in UK High Court], 29 May 2020, [[Middle East Eye]]</ref> === Ebubo nrụrụ aka === Na 1 Febrụwarị 2024, ụlọ ikpe Tunis mara Rached Ghannouchi ya na ọgọ ya nwoke mkpọrọ afọ atọ, maka itinye ego na mba ofesi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, ma nye ya iwu ịkwụ ụgwọ nde $1.17 n'aha ndị otu ya.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/02/01/en-tunisie-rached-ghannouchi-condamne-a-trois-annees-supplementaires-de-prison_6214314_3212.html En Tunisie, Rached Ghannouchi condamné à trois années supplémentaires de prison], 1 February 2024, [[Le Monde]]</ref><ref>[https://apnews.com/article/tunisia-politics-ghannouchi-sentenced-saied-ennahdha-08047c2d4ce9035d03ef11695736e309 Tunisian opposition party leader sentenced to 3 years as crackdown on president’s critics continues], 3 February 2024, [[Associated Press]]</ref> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị, ọ gara ezumike nká n'ụlọ mkpọrọ iji kwado ndị mmegide ndị ọzọ gọọmentị Saied tụrụ mkpọrọ.><ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2024/02/19/imprisoned-tunisian-opposition-leader-rached-ghannouchi-initiates-hunger-strike-in-protest/ Imprisoned Tunisian opposition leader Rached Ghannouchi initiates hunger strike in protest], 19 February 2024, [[Africanews]]</ref> Na Julaị 13, 2024, ụlọ ikpe mpụ nke Judicial and Financial Unit kwadoro ikpe ya afọ atọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.<ref>[https://www.businessnews.com.tn/Affaire-du-lobbying--Rached-Ghannouchi-et-Rafik-Abdessalem-condamn%C3% A9s-%C5%95-three-years-firm,520,139350,3 Affaire du lobbying : Rached Ghannouchi et Rafik Abdessalem condamnés à trois ans ferme], 13 July 2024, Business News</ref> == Echiche na akụkọ ihe mere eme == Njikere Ghannouchi ime ka ya na ndị secularists nọ na Tunisia na ihe ịga nke ọma pụrụ iche nke obodo ya nwere n'ịkwado usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-esochi Arab Spring bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu onye na-ekiri (Robert Worth) kwadoro nzụlite ya. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ndị Alakụba, Ghannouchi "biri ná mba ọzọ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, na-agụ ọtụtụ ebe n'asụsụ atọ", gụnyere ndị na-eche echiche Western Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud na Jean-Paul Sartre. O nwere mmasị n'obi ike nke ndị aka ekpe bụ́ ndị mere ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá megide ọchịchị aka ike, ndị e jidere ma taa ha ahụhụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ma dị njikere iso ha rụọ ọrụ.<ref name="worth-2016-207-8" /> N'ile Mmeri mbụ nke ndị Alakụba Algeria - mgbe ha nọ na London - dara n'ime ogbugbu, ọgba aghara na mmeri nke agha obodo, hapụrụ mmetụta miri emi.<ref name="worth-2016-209">{{Cite book|author=Worth|first=Robert F.|title=A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS|date=2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|pages=209|isbn=9780374710712|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNOLCgAAQBAJ&q=rage+for+order+worth&pg=PP7|accessdate=31 July 2016|ref=RFWRfO2016}}</ref> Dị ka Azzam S. Tamimi si kwuo, Malik Bennabi na akwụkwọ ya "Islam and Democracy", nke tọrọ ntọala maka "ọrụ nka" Al‐Hurriyat al‐Ammah (Public Liberties) nke Ghannouchi.<ref name="OSO-question" /> N'afọ 2002, otu onye na-enweghị ọmịiko n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ (Martin Kramer) kọwara ya dị ka onye dị iche "na ndị Alakụba ndị ọzọ" na nkwenye ya "na Islam na-anabata ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ọtụtụ òtù". <ref name="Kramer-review" /> N'afọ 2015, ọ gwara onye France na-ede akụkọ Olivier Ravanello na ekwesighi ime ka nwoke idina nwoke ibe ya bụrụ mpụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-emegide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke idina nwanyị.<ref name="Guizani-2016">{{Cite news|author=Guizani|first=Emna|title=News Rached Ghannouchi: Homosexuality Should Not Be Criminalized|url=http://www.tunisia-live.net/2015/04/20/rached-ghannouchi-homosexuality-should-not-be-criminalized/|accessdate=17 October 2016|date=April 20, 2015|archive-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012010533/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2015/04/20/rached-ghannouchi-homosexuality-should-not-be-criminalized/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Michael Moore agbaala ya ajụjụ ọnụ na ebe ịwakpo ọzọ wee kwuo na nwoke idina nwoke bụ "ihe gbasara onwe." == Ndụ onwe onye == N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi TAP kọrọ na Ghannouchi, onye gbara ọgwụ mgbochi, gosipụtara na ọ nwere COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Vaccinated, Rached Ghannouchi tested positive for COVID-19 (ARP)|url=https://www.tap.info.tn/en/Portal-Politics/14196557-vaccinated-rached|accessdate=August 2, 2021|date=July 13, 2021}}</ref> N'abalị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, a tọhapụrụ ya awa ole na ole mgbe a nabatara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tunisia's powerful parliament speaker Ghannouchi leaves hospital|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/tunisias-parliament-speaker-head-islamist-party-transferred-hospital-2021-08-01/|accessdate=August 2, 2021|date=August 2, 2021}}</ref> == Onyinye == [[Usòrò:Chattam.jpg|thumb|Ihe nrite Chatham House na 2012, Ghannushi na Marzouki.]] * Otu n'ime ndị mbụ na FP Top 100 Global Thinkers na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/11/28/the-fp-top-100-global-thinkers-4/|title=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers|date=2011-11-28|accessdate=2017-01-26}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Chatham House site na Chatham House maka afọ 2012 na [[London]] (ya na Moncef Marzouki) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chathamhouse.org/chatham-house-prize/2012/|title=Chatham House Prize 2012 - Rached Ghannouchi and Moncef Marzouki|date=2015-04-08|accessdate=2017-01-26}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Ibn Rushd maka nnwere onwe iche echiche maka afọ 2014 na Berlin <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanmanager.com/tunis-rached-ghannouchi-laureat-du-prix-ibn-rochd-de-la-pensee-libre-pour-l%C2%92annee-2014/|title='Rached Ghannouchi lauréat du prix Ibn Rochd de la pensée libre pour l'année 2014'|date=2015-04-08|accessdate=2017-10-22}}</ref> * Ndị otu ndụ nke Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union na 2015 <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/Tunisias-Ghannushi-is-member-of-AMU-students-union/articleshow/46854611.cms|title=Tunisia's Ghannushi is member of AMU students' union|work=The Times of India|date=8 April 2015|accessdate=2016-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/tunisia-proof-that-democracy-can-sustain-in-arab-world-115040801379_1.html|title=Tunisia proof that democracy can sustain in Arab world|work=Business Standard India|date=2015-04-08|accessdate=2017-05-12}}</ref> * Ihe nrite onye guzobere International Crisis Group maka ndị ọsụ ụzọ na iwu udo, tinyere onye isi ala Tunisia Béji Caïd Essebsi <ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-01-11|title=Tunisia deploys army, makes 300 arrests as violent unrest persists|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tunisia-protests-idUSKBN1F00WJ|accessdate=2023-05-10}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Jamnalal Bajaj maka afọ 2016 na Mumbai <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espacemanager.com/rached-gannouchi-prix-gandhi-pour-la-paix.html|title=Rached Gannouchi, prix Gandhi pour la Paix|date=2015-04-08|accessdate=2017-11-06|archivedate=2017-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012095435/https://www.espacemanager.com/rached-gannouchi-prix-gandhi-pour-la-paix.html}}</ref> * Degree Honorary site na International Islamic University Malaysia na 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espacemanager.com/rached-ghannouchi-sera-fait-docteur-honoris-causa-de-luniversite-islamique-de-malaisie.html|title='Rached Ghannouchi sera fait " docteur honoris causa " de l'Université islamique de Malaisie'|date=2015-04-08|accessdate=2017-07-12|archivedate=2017-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012044744/https://www.espacemanager.com/rached-ghannouchi-sera-fait-docteur-honoris-causa-de-luniversite-islamique-de-malaisie.html}}</ref> * Otu n'ime 100 ndị Arab kachasị emetụta n'ụwa na ndepụta Global Influence 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalinfluence.world/en/arabic-2018/|title=Toplist Arabic 2018|date=2018-01-17|accessdate=2018-01-20|archivedate=2020-01-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115213319/http://www.globalinfluence.world/en/arabic-2018/}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|first=Azzam|author=Tamimi|title=Rachid Ghannouchi: a democrat within Islamism|url=https://archive.org/details/rachidghannouchi0000tami|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-19-514000-1}} * {{Cite journal|author=Saeed|first=Abdullah|title=Rethinking citizenship rights of non-Muslims in an Islamic State; Rashid al-Gannushi's contribution to the evolving debate|journal=Islam and Christian Muslim Relations|volume=10|issue=3|year=1999|pages=307–323 [p. 311]|doi=10.1080/09596419908721189}} * alhiwar.net 6 Mee 2007 * {{Cite book|first=Linda G.|author=Jones|chapter=Portrait of Rashid al-Ghannoushi|series=Middle East Report|title=Islam and the State|year=1988|location=New York|publisher=Middle East Research and Information Project|pages=19–22}} * {{Cite book|first=Rashid|author=al-Ghannoushi|chapter=Deficiencies in the Islamic Movement|series=Middle East Report|title=Islam and the State|year=1988|location=New York|publisher=Middle East Research and Information Project|pages=23–24}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/02/2011233464273624.html Ajụjụ ọnụ na Rachid Ghannouchi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210231714/http://www.alhiwar.net/ Nzukọ Al-Hiwar na akụkọ] * Rachid al-Ghannouchiakụkọ na nkọwa a chịkọtara naAl Jazeera English * [http://www.&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=3141" id="mwA8g" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Rashid Al-Ghannoushi: Ọchịchị Ben Ali na-ezube ibibi ndị na-emegide ndị Alakụba na Tunisia, njirimara, Khaled Hamza, Ikhwanweb, 2 Nọvemba 2006, ajụjụ ọnụ * Rashid al-Ghannushi, Onye Ndú nke Pure Islam, [[Rohama]], 27 Jenụwarị 2011 * [https://chronicle.fanack.com/tunisia/faces/rachid-ghannouchi/ Rachid Ghannouchi, onye Alakụba nke kwenyere na itinye aka na nkwekọrịta - Fanack Chronicle] {{President Chamber of Deputies Tunisia}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oiez8tbet1v9kk9ynzffbh9agjne1ao 0 52565 727673 721183 2026-09-24T17:54:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727673 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}}'''Eugénie Anne Claudine Le Sommer-Dariel''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onefootball.com/es/noticias/warum-hat-eugenie-le-sommer-ein-d-auf-dem-trikot-37911750|title=Warum hat Eugenie Le Sommer ein D auf dem Trikot?|date=8 August 2023|work=OneFootball}}</ref> (amụrụ 18 Mee 1989) bụ [[Footbọl|onye egwuregwu bọọlụ]] France nke na-egwu egwuregwu n'ihu maka klọb French Lyon na otu mba France . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2021/5/12/22421516/eugenie-le-sommer-ol-reign-lyon-loan|title=One of the world's best attackers is joining OL Reign|first=Susie|author=Rantz|date=12 May 2021|work=Sounderatheart.com|accessdate=8 November 2021|archivedate=25 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525154837/https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2021/5/12/22421516/eugenie-le-sommer-ol-reign-lyon-loan}}</ref> Ọ na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ ọkpọ ọkpọ ihe okike na ọkpọ aka ekpe, mana ọ gbakwara egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ nke abụọ maka obodo ya. Le Sommer bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu a kacha chọọ mma n'egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị ọgbara ọhụrụ wee nwetagoro ihe mgbaru ọsọ France karịa onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Bleues-eugenie-le-sommer-egale-le-record-de-buts-en-equipe-de-france-de-marinette-pichon/1174851|title=Bleues : Eugénie Le Sommer dépasse le record de buts en équipe de France de Marinette Pichon|work=lequipe.fr|language=fr|date=22 September 2020}}</ref> Ọ meriri otu egwuregwu bọọlụ French iri na atọ na ọ bụ otu n'ime naanị ndị egwuregwu atọ meriri ndị Lyon na asọmpi asatọ European Cup . == Ndụ mbido == Le Sommer bụ otu n'ime ụmụaka asaa, ụmụ nwanyị ise na ụmụ nwoke abụọ. Nna ya, Thierry, bụ onye uwe ojii lara ezumike nká. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/y=2015/m=6/news=family-support-spurs-on-le-sommer-2652948.html|title=Family support spurs on Le Sommer|author=FIFA.com|date=1 January 1900|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=5 March 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=6 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306202425/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/y=2015/m=6/news=family-support-spurs-on-le-sommer-2652948.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nne ya na-agba bọọlụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata. <ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ klọb == Le Sommer malitere ịgba bọọlụ mgbe ọ dị afọ ise ịbanye na ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke Trélissac FC . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/newsid=967849.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623151441/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/newsid%3D967849.html|title=Le Sommer ready to make history|archivedate=23 June 2009|accessdate=8 November 2021}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọsịrị afọ anọ na klọb ahụ, ọ sonyeere AS Guermeur na mpaghara Brittany . O mechara gwuo egwu n'otu n'ime nnukwu klọb na mpaghara, FC Lorient, wee nweta ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ na ngalaba ntorobịa nke klọb na-enyere ndị ntorobịa ya aka imeri ''Coupe Fédérale 16 ans'' na 2005 na ''Mozaïc Foot Challenge'' na 2006, na nke ikpeazụ. A na-eme ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmuta Clairefontaine a ma ama. Le Sommer mechara họrọ ịga CNFE Clairefontaine, ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ mmuta Clairefontaine. Mgbe obere oge gasịrị, ọ sonyeere D1 Féminine club Stade Briochin . N'ime oge mpụta mbụ ya na Saint-Brieuc, Le Sommer pụtara na asọmpi 22 niile na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ. Oge 2008–09 hụrụ akara ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na egwuregwu 22. Maka mgbalị ya, a họpụtara ya maka UNFP Female Player of the Year na-efunahụ onye ọkpụkpọ Lyon Louisa Necib . == Ndụ onwe onye == Le Sommer lụrụ Florian Dariel, onye ọrụ Olympique Lyonnais, na Brittany na 11 Ọgọst 2020, ụbọchị abụọ ka o meriri 2019-20 Coupe de France féminine. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-12|title=Eugénie Le Sommer : la star des Bleues s'est mariée et partage un sublime cliché de la noce - Closer|url=https://www.closermag.fr/people/eugenie-le-sommer-la-star-des-bleues-s-est-mariee-et-partage-un-sublime-cliche-d-1158724|accessdate=2020-08-16|work=Closer Magazine|language=fr}}</ref> Ndị otu egwuregwu ugbu a na ndị mbụ dịka [[Ada Hegerberg]] na Corine Franco gara emume a. == Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb ===   {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Stade Briochin |2007–08 | rowspan="3" |Division 1 Féminine |22 |4 |1 |0 |0 |0 |23 |4 |- |2008–09 |21 |10 |3 |2 |0 |0 |24 |12 |- |2009–10 |22 |19 |2 |3 |0 |0 |24 |22 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !65 !33 !6 !5 !0 !0 !71 !38 |- | rowspan="15" |Lyon |2010–11 | rowspan="14" |Division 1 Féminine |20 |17 |4 |6 |9 |5 |33 |28 |- |2011–12 |21 |22 |5 |5 |9 |9 |35 |36 |- |2012–13 |20 |20 |6 |10 |9 |1 |35 |31 |- |2013–14 |20 |15 |5 |1 |4 |1 |26 |17 |- |2014–15 |22 |29 |5 |4 |4 |5 |31 |38 |- |2015–16 |18 |10 |5 |9 |9 |5 |32 |24 |- |2016–17 |19 |20 |4 |3 |9 |6 |32 |29 |- |2017–18 |20 |17 |6 |12 |8 |4 |34 |33 |- |2018–19 |18 |13 |5 |2 |8 |6 |31 |21 |- |2019–20 |11 |5 |3 |2 |6 |5 |20 |12 |- |2020–21 |18 |7 |1 |0 |3 |0 |22 |7 |- |2021–22 |7 |2 |2 |0 |3 |0 |12 |2 |- |2022–23 |17 |7 |6 |2 |7 |0 |30 |9 |- |2023-24 |15 |10 |3 |4 |6 |1 |13 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !245 !194 !61 !60 !94 !48 !400 !302 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !301 !223 !62 !65 !94 !48 !457 !336 |} === Mba ụwa === N'ime oge mpụta mbụ ya na Saint-Brieuc, Le Sommer pụtara na asọmpi 22 niile na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ. Oge 2008–09 hụrụ akara ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na{{Reflist}} [[Usòrò:Eugenie-France2013.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|355x355px| Le Sommer na-egwuri egwu maka France na 2013.]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Mpụta na ebumnuche site na otu mba na afọ ! Otu mba ! Afọ ! Ngwa ! Ebumnuche |- | rowspan="15" | France | 2008–09 | 16 | 3 |- | 2009–10 | 11 | 5 |- | 2010–11 | 20 | 7 |- | 2011–12 | 20 | 10 |- | 2012–13 | 16 | 10 |- | 2013–14 | 14 | 4 |- | 2014–15 | 19 | 13 |- | 2015–16 | 14 | 6 |- | 2016–17 | 17 | 6 |- | 2017–18 | 9 | 9 |- | 2018–19 | 11 | 7 |- | 2019-20 | 7 | 6 |- | 2020–21 | 1 | 0 |- | 2021–22 | 0 | 0 |- | 2022–23 | 7 | 6 |- ! colspan="2" | Mkpokọta ! 182 ! 92 |} == Nkwanye ugwu == '''Lyon''' * Nkeji 1 Féminine : 2010–11 2–​​​​​​ ​23, 2023–24 <ref>{{Cite web|title=LYON GARDE SA COURONNE|url=https://www.fff.fr/article/12515-lyon-garde-sa-couronne.html|language=fr|date=17 May 2023|accessdate=18 May 2024|archivedate=25 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725110152/https://www.fff.fr/article/12515-lyon-garde-sa-couronne.html}}</ref> * Coupe de France Féminine : 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2018-19, 2019-20, 2022-23 <ref>{{Cite web|title=ET DE 10 POUR LYON|url=https://www.fff.fr/article/10256-et-de-10-pour-lyon.html|language=fr|date=13 May 2023|accessdate=18 May 2024|archivedate=7 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103321/https://www.fff.fr/article/10256-et-de-10-pour-lyon.html}}</ref> * Trophée des Championnes : 2019, <ref>{{Cite web|title=ET À LA FIN, C'EST LYON QUI GAGNE|url=https://www.fff.fr/article/39-et-a-la-fin-c-est-lyon-qui-gagne.html|date=21 September 2019|accessdate=18 May 2024|archivedate=7 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091239/https://www.fff.fr/article/39-et-a-la-fin-c-est-lyon-qui-gagne.html}}</ref> 2022, <ref>{{Cite web|title=LYON DOUBLE LA MISE|url=https://www.fff.fr/article/7958-lyon-double-la-mise.html|date=28 August 2022|accessdate=18 May 2024|archivedate=16 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616133327/https://www.fff.fr/article/7958-lyon-double-la-mise.html}}</ref> 2023 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Trophée des Championnes 2023 - Finale - Lyon (D1)-PSG (D1) 2-0|url=https://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/match.php?id=33036|accessdate=18 May 2024}}</ref> * Uefa Champions League ụmụ nwanyị : 2010–11, 2011–12, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22 '''France''' * UEFA Women's Nations League onye gbara ọsọ: 2023–24 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spain 2-0 France: World champions win Women's Nations League final|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensnationsleague/news/028a-1a4aba27d661-5b0816d2dceb-1000--spain-seal-nations-league-crown/|date=28 February 2024|accessdate=18 May 2024}}</ref> * Iko Saịprọs : 2012, 2014 * SheBelieves Cup : 2017 '''Onye''' * Bọọlụ ọla nke ụmụ nwanyị U-20 nke mba ụwa : 2008 * UNFP Player nke Afọ : 2009–10, 2014–15 * Otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị FIFA : 2015 * Ngosipụta ihe nrite ụmụnwaanyị nke afọ kacha elu: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18 * Egwuregwu Algarve kacha mma: 2015 * Onye mmeri kacha mma nke mba France: 2009–10, 2011–12, 2016–17 * Uefa Champions League ụmụ nwanyị kacha mma: 2011–12 * Otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị UEFA : 2013 * FIFPro : FIFA FIFPro World XI 2015, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/first-ever-women-s-world-xi-revealed/en/|work=2015 FIFPro Award|title=First Women's World XI Revealed|date=18 February 2016|accessdate=8 June 2019|publisher=[[FIFPro]] World Players' Union|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203119/https://www.fifpro.org/news/first-ever-women-s-world-xi-revealed/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2016 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifpro.org/noticias/las-mejores-futbolistas-del-mundo-el-once-mundial/es/|work=2016 FIFPro Award|title=Las mejores futbolistas: el once mundial|date=8 March 2017|accessdate=8 June 2019|language=es|publisher=[[FIFPro]] World Players' Union|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203723/https://www.fifpro.org/noticias/las-mejores-futbolistas-del-mundo-el-once-mundial/es/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * NWSL XI kacha mma : 2021 <ref>{{Cite news|date=October 17, 2021|title=NWSL Announces the Winners of Mastercard Inaugural 2021 Best XI Awards|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-the-winners-of-mastercard-inaugural-2021-best-xi-awards|accessdate=January 10, 2022}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere okpu 100 ma ọ bụ karịa == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tsthwofztyje0jo9nrvybfzicz4km2e 0 52789 727759 190136 2026-09-25T00:25:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Heather Benedict Terrell''' (amuru na Nọvemba 24, 1968) <ref name="MHLD">{{Cite book|author=Hubbell|first=Martindale|date=September 1998|title=Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory: New York (New York City, Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island) Volume 13-1999|publisher=[[Martindale-Hubbell]]|isbn=9781561603244}}</ref> bu onye ode akwukwo America na onye oka iwu nke na-ede ufodu akwukwo ya n'okpuru aha pen '''Marie Benedict''' . <ref name="aboutmarie">{{Cite web|title=About Marie Benedict|url=http://www.authormariebenedict.com/about-marie.html|publisher=Marie Benedict|accessdate=3 April 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Terrell gara ma gụchaa na Upper St. Clair High School na Pittsburgh . Ọ gụrụ History na Art History na Boston College, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ magna cum laude. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About Heather|url=http://www.heatherterrell.com/content/author.asp?id=bio|accessdate=2022-05-30|work=Heather Terrell|archivedate=2021-12-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231013247/http://heatherterrell.com/content/author.asp?id=bio}}</ref> Ọ gara wee gụchaa cum laude <ref name=":0" /> na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Mahadum Boston . <ref name="MHLD"/> Terrell na di ya bụ́ Jim Terrell na ụmụ ha abụọ bi na Pittsburgh. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Boston University School of Law, Terrell rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agba akwụkwọ maka afọ iri, na-eme na New York City na Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher &amp;amp; Flom, na Morrison &amp;amp; Foerster . === Dị ka Heather Terrell === * {{Cite book|title=The Chrysalis: A Novel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWklV17g1qkC|date=15 May 2007|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-345-50029-8}} * {{Cite book|title=The Map Thief|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mLNdKJHegWgC|date=April 2009|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-345-49469-6}} * {{Cite book|title=Brigid of Kildare: A Novel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGpLDwWmP_gC|date=9 February 2010|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-345-51529-2}} * {{Cite book|title=Fallen Angel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F79_Go-AgTwC&pg=PP6|date=28 December 2010|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-203966-8|pages=}} * {{Cite book|title=Eternity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPnJH4lunZkC&pg=PP6|date=28 June 2011|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-208447-7|pages=}} * {{Cite book|title=Relic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0wRnwEACAAJ|publisher=Soho Press|isbn=9781616954390|pages=|year=2013}} * {{Cite book|title=Boundary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csbCAwAAQBAJ|date=9 December 2014|publisher=Soho Press|isbn=9781616951986|pages=}} == Isi mmalite == * ''Ndị ode akwụkwọ dị n'ịntanetị'' . The Gale Group, 2008. PEN (nọmba ntinye na-adịgide adịgide): 0000177917. * Bob Hoover (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110804232501/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07119/781361-44.stm ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'' : Profaịlụ nke Heather Terrell] . eweghachiri na Nọvemba 29, 2008. == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081109081937/http://www.heatherterrell.com/content/index.asp Weebụsaịtị Heather Terrell] Archived </link> * [http://www.authormariebenedict.com/ Marie Benedict webụsaịtị] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 11ox4dx0r664zhkg2ldhwunq1k3dik5 0 52928 727821 697006 2026-09-25T05:00:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727821 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Navy_nurse_corps_1908.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Foto ìgwè nke ndị nọọsụ ụgbọ mmiri iri abụọ mbụ, ndị a họpụtara na 1908]] Ndị iri abụo dị nsọ bụ otu ndị nọọsụ bụ ndị otu nwanyị mbụ jere ozi na United States Navy na-anọchite anya Nọọsụ. N'ịbụ nke e guzobere na 1908, Sacred Twenty nyere onyinye sara mbara n'oge agha, ọ bụghị nanị gụnyere ọzụzụ nke ndị nọọsụ ubi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa, kamakwa inye mmemme mmụta maka ndị nọọsụ na mba ọzọ na akwụkwọ ndị ọkachamara na ngalaba nọọsụ. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe e guzobere Ndị Nọọsụ Ndị Agha na 1901, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ (BUMED) nke ndị agha mmiri mere mkpọsa iji mepụta otu nzukọ yiri nke ahụ maka onwe ya. Nzukọ ndị omeiwu nyere ikike ka e mepụta nzukọ ahụ na 13 Mee 1908, ebe a họpụtara ụmụ nwanyị iri abụọ dị ka ndị otu mbụ. <ref name="Greenwood">{{Cite book|author=Greenwood|first=John T.|title=Medics at War: Military Medicine from Colonial Times to the 21st Century|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2005|isbn=1-59114-344-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rU2_7i3NFTMC}}</ref> A chọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị ndị a nọrọ n'agbata afọ 22 na 44, ka ha bụrụ ụmụ amaala United States, ha enweghịkwa ike ịlụ di.[1] Ọ bụ Esther Voorhees Hasson, onye bụbu onye otu ndị Nọọsụ ndị agha, onye a họpụtara dị ka onye nlekọta.[2] bụ onye isi ha na mbụ. Hasson na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ jikọ aka họrọ ndị nọọsụ iri na itoolu ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị ahọpụtara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nọọsụ dị iche iche ma nwee ọzụzụ n'ọtụtụ nka ndị nọọsụ. E kenyere ndị Sacred Twenty na US Naval Hospital na Washington, D.C maka ọzụzụ mbụ <ref name="Reeves">{{Cite book|author=Reeves|first=Connie L.|title=It's Our Military, Too! Women and the U.S. Military.|year=1996|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=1-4399-0147-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INNDi8ONLJwC|editor=Judith Stiehm}}</ref> ma mesịa kenye ha n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Washington, New York City, Norfolk, na Annapolis maka ọrụ nlekọta. [6] E mechara gbasaa ọrụ ndị ahụ n'ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ gụnyere Philadelphia Ụda Puget Sound. [6] Na mba ofesi, e wuru ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha mmiri US na Guam, Samoa, na Philippines ebe ụfọdụ n'ime ndị Sacred Twenty jere ozi.[7] Ndị agha mmiri enyeghị ha ụlọ ma ọ bụ nri, ya mere ndị nọọsụ gbazitere ụlọ nke ha ma nye ha nri nke ha.<ref name="USN">{{Cite book|title=White Task Force: The Story of the Nurse Corps, United States Navy, Issues 93–94|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dFyMQEACAAJ|author=United States. Navy Dept. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery|year=1945}}</ref> N'afọ 1910, Superintendent Hasson kwuru na arịrịọ na-ebelata site n'aka ndị ruru eru na Nọọsụ Corps, ma mesịa gbaa mbọ maka atụmatụ ndị dị ka ịkwụ ụgwọ ka mma na ibelata ọnụahịa nke arịrịọ site n'ịhapụ ajụjụ ọnụ n'onwe ya ma jiri ihe edere ede dochie ya.<ref name="Meyer">{{Cite book|author=Meyer|first=Emily|title=An Encyclopedia of American Women at War : From the Home Front to the Battlefields|year=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=978-1-59884-443-6|pages=277–279|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drE50WEN1WUC|editor=Lisa Tendrich Frank|chapter=Esther Voorhees Hasson (1867–1942)}}</ref> Na mbido, ndị nlekọta ụlọ ọgwụ kpachapụrụ anya banyere echiche nke iwebata ndị nọọsụ nwanyị n'ime ọnọdụ na-enweghị ndị ọrịa nwanyị n'ihi na ha kwenyere na ha nwere ike ịdọpụ uche ndị ọrịa nwoke.<ref name="Frank">{{Cite book|title=An Encyclopedia of American Women at War : From the Home Front to the Battlefields|year=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=978-1-59884-443-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drE50WEN1WUC|editor=Lisa Tendrich Frank|chapter=Navy Nurse Corps}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ndị nọọsụ nwoke dị ugbu a, ndị na-enwetaghị ọzụzụ zuru oke, rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ nọọsụ.<ref name="Frank" /> Afọ ole na ole mgbe e guzobere Holy Twenty na 1908, Otú ọ dị, ndị nọọsụ nwanyị malitere ịkwado ọrụ a na Hospital Corps, ọbụna na mba ofesi.<ref name="Frank" /> == Ozi == Na mgbakwunye na inye nlekọta ahụike n'ọgbọ agha na ọzụzụ nke ndị nọọsụ mpaghara iji mee otu ihe ahụ, ndị Sacred Twenty mekwara ọtụtụ mmemme ndị ọzọ n'oge ọrụ ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Chief Nurse Elizabeth Leonhardt, onye rutere n'ụlọ ọgwụ Naval dị na Guam n'afọ 1911, ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka, kamakwa o mepụtara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ maka ụmụ nwanyị Chamorro. Ụmụ nwanyị isii gara klas nke mbụ, bụ nke e mesịrị gbasaa n'ihi mmasị. Klas ndị ọzọ gụnyere mkparịta ụka gbasara ụkwara nta na ọzụzụ na nkuzi ọgwụgwọ ịhịa aka n'ahụ.[11] Leonhardt meberekwa ụfọdụ ọzụzụ na midwifery, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi nsogbu nke onwe ya chere na ụzọ obodo maka ọgwụgwọ.[1][2] Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ achọpụtala na nchegbu ndị a nwere ike ịbụ na ọ bụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nwoke na nwanyị na-emere ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ebe okpomọkụ. Chief Nurse Beatrice Bowman, onye bịarutere na 1916, kụzikwaara ọmụmụ ihe na ịmụ nwa na nọọsụ bara uru, nke mechara nye ndị nọọsụ a zụrụ azụ ohere inye nlekọta ahụike zuru oke n'obodo ndị e kenyere ha.[15] Ka e mesịrị, mgbe Bowman ghọrọ Superintendent, o mere nyocha iwu nke ụlọ ọgwụ ụgbọ mmiri niile iji mepụta ụkpụrụ dị mma nke nọọsụ na iji nweta ahụmịhe nke ihe ịma aka dị iche iche ụlọ ọgwụ na ndị nọọsụ chere ihu. A makwaara Bowman dị ka onye gbara ndị nọọsụ ndị agha mmiri ume ka ha gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ha ma nọgide na-enwe ọganihu na nkà mmụta ọgwụ site n'ịga ọmụmụ ihe postgraduate.[16] Onye nlekọta Lenah Higbee lekwasịrị anya n'ịkpọsa na ịkwalite aha ndị nọọsụ. Ọ na-ebipụtakarị akụkọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ọkachamara dị ka American Journal of Nursing ma gbaa ndị nọọsụ ume ka ha nyekwa aka. == Ndị otu == [[Usòrò:J_Beatrice_Bowman_official.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|194x194px|Josephine Beatrice Bowman, onye nlekọta nke atọ nke United States Navy Nurse CorpsNdị Nọọsụ nke United States Navy]] [[Usòrò:Lenah_Higbee.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|185x185px|Lenah Higbee, onye nlekọta nke abụọ nke United States Navy Nurse CorpsNdị Nọọsụ nke United States Navy]] Ndị Sacrete Twenty gụnyere ndị Nọọsụ atọ na ndị isi nọọsụ iri na abụọ. Ha bụ: <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h52000/h52960l.htm|title=Photo # NH 52960 picture data|publisher=History.navy.mil|date=21 December 1999|accessdate=28 October 2013|archive-date=8 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308111839/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h52000/h52960l.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> # Josephine Beatrice Bowman, onye isi nke atọ nke ndị nọọsụ nke ndị agha mmiri, 1922-1935 # Sara M. Cox # Clare L. De Ceu # Mary H. Du Bose # Estelle Hine # Elizabeth M. Hewitt # Esther Voorhees Hasson, onye isi mbụ nke ndị nọọsụ ụgbọ mmiri, 1908-1911; # Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee, onye isi nke abụọ nke ndị nọọsụ ụgbọ mmiri, 1911-1922; # Della V. Knight # Elizabeth Leonhardt # Florence T. Milburn # Margaret D. Murray # Sara B. Myer # Ethel R. Parsons # Adah M. Pendleton # Martha E. Pringle # Isabelle Rose Roy # Boniface T. Small # Victoria White # Elizabeth J. Wells == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * Budreau, Lisa M. ''Answering the Call : The U.S. Army Nurse Corps, 1917–1919 : A Commemorative Tribute to Military Nursing in World War I''. Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 2008. {{ISBN|0-16-081724-2}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-16-081724-2|0-16-081724-2]] {{OCLC|244293333}}. * Daly, Nora Elizabeth. ''Memoirs of a World War I Nurse''. [S.l.] : Iuniverse Inc., 2011. {{ISBN|1-4620-4350-X}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-4620-4350-X|1-4620-4350-X]] {{OCLC|757082270}}. * Gavin, Lettie. ''American Women in World War I : They Also Served''. Niwot, Colo. : University Press of Colorado, 1997. {{ISBN|0-87081-432-X}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-87081-432-X|0-87081-432-X]] {{OCLC|35270026}}. * Hallett, Christine E. ''Containing Trauma : Nursing Work in the First World War''. Manchester : Manchester University Press, 2009. {{ISBN|0-7190-7958-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7190-7958-6|0-7190-7958-6]] {{OCLC|430839395}}. * Hunter, Nick. ''Women in World War I''. Chicago, Illinois : Heinemann Library, [2014]. {{ISBN|1-4329-8084-X}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-4329-8084-X|1-4329-8084-X]] {{OCLC|818865913}} . * Lamb, Helen Jordan. ''World War I : An American Nurse with the British Troops in France, Nov. 1916-Feb. 1919''. Provo, Utah : Stevenson's Genealogical Center, 1981. {{OCLC|9040680}}[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:9040680|9040680]]. * Powell, Anne. ''Women in the War Zone : Hospital Service in the First World War''. Gloucestershire : History Press, 2009. {{ISBN|0-7509-5059-5}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7509-5059-5|0-7509-5059-5]] {{OCLC|223910154}}. * Sarnecky, Mary T. ''A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps''. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-8122-3502-9}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8122-3502-9|0-8122-3502-9]] {{OCLC|40776705}}. * Stevenson, Sarah Sand. ''Lamp for a Soldier : The Caring Story of a Nurse in World War I''. Bismarck : North Dakota State Nurses' Association, 1976. {{OCLC|3511827}}[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:3511827|3511827]]. * United States, and National Naval Medical Center (U.S.). ''Navy Nursing The Traditions Continue'' (film). Bethesda, MD: National Naval Medical Center, 1996. {{OCLC|50155974}}[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:50155974|50155974]] * Wigle, Shari Lynn and Anderson, Grace. ''Pride of America, We're With You : The Letters of Grace Anderson, U.S. Army Nurse Corps, World War I''. Rockville, MD : Seaboard Press, 2007. {{ISBN|1-59663-772-2}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-59663-772-2|1-59663-772-2]] {{OCLC|232626105}}. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220625193401/https://www.armedforcesmuseum.com/wwi-and-wwii-us-navy-nurse-corps/ WWI na WWII US Navy Nurse Corps.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121023062300/http://www.defense.gov/specials/womenhist2002/navy.html Ndị Nọọsụ Ndị Agha Mmiri.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20000819020908/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/prs-tpic/nurses/nurses.htm Ndị nọọsụ na ndị agha mmiri US.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422033250/https://marinersmuseum.org/sites/micro/women/military/nurses.htm Ndị Nọọsụ Ụgbọ Mmiri] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140503120514/http://navylog.navymemorial.org/Exhibits/NavyMedicine/NurseCorps/tabid/220/Default.aspx Ndị Nọọsụ.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115045/http://navymedicine.navylive.dodlive.mil/archives/2834 "Sacred Twenty": Ndị Nọọsụ Mbụ nke Ụgbọ Mmiri.] c4bxjte9qfb3gksbxgcxenlvpnyi3h1 0 53045 727866 190030 2026-09-25T08:04:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=26-Jessica Ahlquist-1.JPG|caption=Ahlquist in 2012}} '''Jessica Ahlquist''' (amụrụ June 21, 1995) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị America na onye na-ekwuchitere ọha nke gbara akwụkwọ na 2012 megide Cranston High School West, ebe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ, iwepụ ekpere okpukperechi n'ụlọ nzukọ ya. Edere uwe ahụ, ''Ahlquist v. Cranston'', site n'enyemaka nke American Civil Liberties Union, ma emechaa kpebie na ihu ọma Ahlquist. N'oge ikpe ahụ, Ahlquist nwetara ozi ịkpọasị ma ndị ọgbọ ya, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, na ịntanetị wakporo ya. Ọ nwetara iyi egwu ọnwụ, ma chọọ ka ndị uwe ojii na-eduga ma si na klaasị. <ref name="abcnews1">{{Cite news|title=Rhode Island Teen's Battle Against Prayer Banner Has Gone 'Too Far,' Mayor Says|first=Christina|author=Ng|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/rhode-island-teens-battle-prayer-banner-mayor/story?id=15386786|publisher=ABC News|date=January 18, 2012|accessdate=January 28, 2012}}</ref> N'ụbọchị na-esote mkpebi ahụ, onye nnọchiteanya [[Àlá mmírí Rhode|Rhode Island]] State Peter G. Palumbo kwuru okwu na ihe ngosi redio mpaghara wee zoo aka na Ahlquist dị ka "obere ihe ọjọọ". <ref name="NYTimes">{{Cite news|title=Student Faces Town's Wrath in Protest Against a Prayer|first=Abby|author=Goodnough|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/us/rhode-island-city-enraged-over-school-prayer-lawsuit.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 26, 2012}}</ref> Ebe ọ bụ na ikpe ahụ, Ahlquist enwetawo mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, ọ bụkwa onye na-ekwu okwu a kpọrọ òkù n'ọtụtụ ihe omume, gụnyere Reason Rally, Texas Freethought Convention na Skepticon 5 . <ref name="wash-skepticon">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/teen-activist-emerges-as-an-atheist-hero-at-skepticon/2012/11/13/23d35842-2dd5-11e2-b631-2aad9d9c73ac_story.html|title=Teen Activist Emerges as an Atheist Hero at Skepticon|accessdate=November 13, 2012|work=The Washington Post|first=Kellie|author=Kotraba&}}</ref> === Ihe nrite === * Na October 8, 2011, Freedom From Religion Foundation kpọrọ ya ''2011 Thomas Jefferson Youth Activist'' . <ref>[http://ffrf.org/outreach/awards/student-activist-awards/jessica-ahlquist-thomas-jefferson-youth-activist/ Jessica Ahlquist, Thomas Jefferson Youth Activist - Freedom From Religion Foundation]. Ffrf.org (October 8, 2011). Retrieved October 22, 2012.</ref> * Na June 9, 2012, American Humanist Association na-asọpụrụ Ahlquist na 2012 Humanist Pioneer Award, nke e nyere ya na 71st kwa afọ American Humanist Association ogbako na New Orleans . <ref>"2012 Humanist Awardees" American Humanist Association Annual Conference </ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/teen-atheist-who-brought-down-prayer-banner-wins-humanist-award-75737/|title=Teen Atheist Who Brought Down Prayer Banner Wins Humanist Award|work=www.christianpost.com|date=May 29, 2012|accessdate=January 17, 2018}}</ref> * Na August 19, 2012, e nyere Ahlquist Onyeikpe George Alexander Teitz Award, maka "nkwenye na echiche nke okpukperechi na nke agbụrụ na nnwere onwe" site na Touro Synagogue Foundation na Newport, Rhode Island. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ahlquist|first=Steve|url=http://www.rifuture.org/jessica-ahlquist-honored-at-touro-synagogue.html|work=RI Future|accessdate=March 20, 2015|date=August 21, 2012|title=Jessica Ahlquist Honored at Touro Synagogue|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323113538/http://www.rifuture.org/jessica-ahlquist-honored-at-touro-synagogue.html|archivedate=March 23, 2015}}</ref> * Na Mee 22, 2013, Ahlquist nwetara onyinye Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment na ngalaba mmụta. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Winners Announced for 2013 Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Awards|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/15/ca-hmh-foundation-idUSnBw155488a+100+BSW20130515|accessdate=March 20, 2015|work=Reuters|publisher=Reuters|date=May 15, 2013|quote=Jessica Ahlquist, a Rhode Island high-school student, who is being honored with a Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award in the Education category|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140823/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/15/ca-hmh-foundation-idUSnBw155488a+100+BSW20130515|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ntụaka == emechaa kpebie na ihu ọma Ahlquist. N'oge ikpe ahụ, Ahlquist nwetara ozi ịkpọasị ma ndị ọgbọ{{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d2lj5e9uwip0yl9ank4umgy12pxdkak 0 53070 727755 721502 2026-09-24T23:52:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Hannah Dreier''' bụ onye odeakụkọ America na onye ode akwụkwọ maka ''New York Times'' . Na mbụ, ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ Venezuela maka The Associated Press n'ime afọ anọ mbụ nke ọchịchị Nicolás Maduro . Na 2016, ndị uwe ojii nzuzo Venezuela tọọrọ ya ma yie ya egwu n'ihi ọrụ ya. Odekwala akwụkwọ maka ProPublica na ''Washington Post'' . Ọ bụ onye mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ akụkọ America meriri ma Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting na Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=LaForme|first=Ren|date=2024-05-06|title=Here are the winners of the 2024 Pulitzer Prizes|url=https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2024/2024-pulitzer-prize-winners/|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=Poynter|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=April 20, 2019|title=Feature Writing|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/211}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == Dreier tolitere na San Francisco wee gụchaa na Mahadum Wesleyan . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-02|title=Hannah Dreier To Join The Times|url=https://www.nytco.com/press/hannah-dreier-to-join-the-times/|accessdate=2024-10-05|work=The New York Times Company|language=en-US}}</ref> === '''Ndị Associated Press''' === Dreier sonyeere Associated Press dị ka onye nta akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Sacramento ma mesịa kpuchie azụmahịa nke ịgba chaa chaa na Las Vegas . Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ Venezuela nke AP afọ ise, na-aga Caracas na 2013 n'etiti ngagharị ngagharị nke mba . Ọ kọrọ akụkọ banyere mwepu nke obodo ahụ site n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Usoro ya nke " [https://apnews.com/hub/venezuela-undone Venezuela Undone] " gosipụtara ndakpọ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba obodo site na ndekọ nke ụmụ amaala nkịtị na-adọga ịlanarị. N'ịgbaso okwu narcosobrinos, nke hụrụ ụmụ nwanne onyeisi oche Nicolás Maduro ejidere na United States maka ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ, ndị ọrụ uwe ojii nzuzo SEBIN jidere Dreier na Barinas, Venezuela. Ndị ọrụ ahụ yiri ya egwu n'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ, na-ekwu na ha ga-ebipụ ya isi dị ka ISIL mere James Foley . Ha kwukwara na ha ga-ahapụ ya ka ọ laa ọnụ. N'ikpeazụ, ndị ọrụ kwuru na ha chọrọ ịmanye United States ka ọ gbanwee ụmụ nwanne Maduro maka Dreier, na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ bụ onye nledo na imebi akụ na ụba Venezuelan. <ref name="HDdepart">{{Cite news|title=Departing AP reporter looks back at Venezuela's slide|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/departing-ap-reporter-looks-back-at-venezuelas/2017/08/02/4f3c86be-7738-11e7-8c17-533c52b2f014_story.html|accessdate=2 August 2017|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=2 August 2017|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221042349/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/departing-ap-reporter-looks-back-at-venezuelas/2017/08/02/4f3c86be-7738-11e7-8c17-533c52b2f014_story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ibe na ''Columbia Journalism Review'' mere ka ọrụ Dreier pụta ìhè na nsogbu Venezuela maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ si mba ọzọ. "Dreier enyerela ndị ọzọ aka ịghọta otú, ihe kpatara na ihe, kpọmkwem, na-eme na mba ahụ. O nwetakwara nnukwu ihe na-eso ya na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze, ebe ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-ahụ anya na ndụ kwa ụbọchị n'ebe ahụ-ihe dị egwu, ihe ijuanya na egwu. —Mgbe ụfọdụ site na windo nke ụlọ ya,” ka o kwuru. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cjr.org/q_and_a/hannah-dreier-venezuela.php|title=Q&A: Hannah Dreier on covering a country headed for economic collapse|work=Columbia Journalism Review|accessdate=May 29, 2019}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == Akụkọ Dreier enwetala ọtụtụ nkwanye ùgwù na onyinye, gụnyere nkwanye ùgwù sitere na National Magazine Awards, Peabody Awards, Overseas Press Club, James Beard Awards, Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Awards, na onyinye Gerald Loeb . <ref>{{Cite news|date=8 April 2024|title=Times Wins 5 Awards From ASME|url=https://www.nytco.com/press/times-wins-5-awards-from-asme/|accessdate=2 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=ELLIES 2019 FINALISTS ANNOUNCED &#124; ASME|url=https://asme.magazine.org/ASME/ellies-2019-finalists-announced|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728150342/https://asme.magazine.org/ASME/ellies-2019-finalists-announced|archivedate=July 28, 2019|accessdate=May 29, 2019|work=asme.magazine.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.propublica.org/atpropublica/propublica-named-a-finalist-for-two-peabody-awards|title=ProPublica Named a Finalist for Two Peabody Awards|date=9 April 2019}}</ref> <ref name="NWU2">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Carson|date=5 June 2017|title=Associated Press reporter Hannah Dreier awarded 2016 James Foley Medill Medal for Courage in Journalism|url=http://www.medill.northwestern.edu/experience/news/2017/spring/2016%20James%20Foley%20Medill%20Medal%20for%20Courage.html|accessdate=30 August 2017|archive-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822234005/http://www.medill.northwestern.edu/experience/news/2017/spring/2016%20James%20Foley%20Medill%20Medal%20for%20Courage.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Press Release|date=9 March 2017|title=Chronicling ‘the unraveling of a nation’|url=https://blog.ap.org/behind-the-news/chronicling-the-unraveling-of-a-nation|accessdate=21 March 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The 2024 James Beard Media Award Winners {{!}} James Beard Foundation|url=https://www.jamesbeard.org/blog/the-2024-james-beard-media-award-winners|accessdate=2024-10-04|work=www.jamesbeard.org|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Press release|url=https://rfkhumanrights.org/news/robert-f-kennedy-human-rights-celebrates-world-press-freedom-day-with-announcement-of-2019-book-journalism-award-winners|accessdate=27 June 2019|publisher=RFK press release}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Management|first=UCLA Anderson School of|date=2021-05-03|title=Winners|url=https://www.anderson.ucla.edu/news-and-events/signature-events/gerald-loeb-awards/winners-x196976|accessdate=2024-10-04|work=UCLA Anderson School of Management|language=en}}</ref> Ọ nwetala ihe nrite Goldsmith nke Mahadum Harvard ugboro abụọ maka mkpesa nyocha . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Schwartz|first=Liz|date=2024-04-04|title=Hannah Dreier Wins 2024 Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting|url=https://goldsmithawards.org/hannah-dreier-wins-2024-goldsmith-prize-for-investigative-reporting/|accessdate=2024-10-04|work=Goldsmith Awards|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing the Winner of the 2022 Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting|date=5 April 2022|url=https://shorensteincenter.org/announcing-winner-2022-goldsmith-prize-investigative-reporting/}}</ref> Na 2017, ọ natara James Foley Medill Medal maka obi ike na nta akụkọ maka obi ike ikpuchi ọgba aghara na Venezuela. <ref>{{Cite web|author=University|first=Medill-Northwestern|title=Hannah Dreier Foley Medal - Medill - Northwestern University|url=https://www.medill.northwestern.edu/news/2017/hannah-dreier-foley-medal.html|accessdate=2024-10-04|work=www.medill.northwestern.edu|language=en|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091740/https://www.medill.northwestern.edu/news/2017/hannah-dreier-foley-medal.html}}</ref> Ọ meriri Livingston Award, nke na-asọpụrụ ndị nta akụkọ n'okpuru afọ 35, maka [https://wallacehouse.umich.edu/library/trust-and-consequences/ akụkọ] na-ekpughe na ọchịchị Trump na-eji ozi sitere na oge ọgwụgwọ nzuzo na-ebuga ndị na-achọ mgbaba. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/pr/2021/06/10/washington-posts-hannah-dreier-awarded-2021-livingston-award-national-reporting/|title=The Washington Post's Hannah Dreier awarded 2021 Livingston Award for national reporting|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nrite ahụ na 2012, 2017 na 2019 na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Livingston Finalists|url=http://www.livawards.org/winners/finalists.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905192224/http://www.livawards.org/winners/finalists.php|archivedate=2013-09-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wallacehouse.umich.edu/2017-livingston-awards-finalists-announced/|accessdate=January 5, 2018|title=2017 Livingston Awards Finalists Announced|date=16 May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Livingston Award finalists 2018|date=May 2019|url=https://wallacehouse.umich.edu/announcing-the-2019-livingston-award-finalists/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mastro|first=Joey|date=2021-05-04|title=Announcing the 2021 Livingston Award Finalists|url=https://wallacehouse.umich.edu/announcing-the-2021-livingston-award-finalists/|accessdate=2024-10-04|work=Wallace House Center for Journalists|language=en-US}}</ref> Dreier meriri Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing na 2019. Ndị Kọmiti Pulitzer zoro aka na ya "akụkọ dị ike, nke chiri anya sochiri ndị Salvadoran kwabatara na Long Island nke New York." <ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2019|title=The 2019 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Feature Writing|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/hannah-dreier-propublica}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nrite Pulitzer maka mkpesa nyocha na 2022 maka “usoro na-adọrọ adọrọ, nke akọwara nke ọma nke gosipụtara ka FEMA si ada ada ndị lanarịrị ọdachi America.” <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2022|title=The 2022 Pulitzer Prize Finalist in Investigative Reporting|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/finalists/hannah-dreier-and-andrew-ba-tran-washington-post}}</ref> Ọ meriri Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting na 2024 maka “ikpughe ọmarịcha oke ọrụ ụmụaka na-akwaga mba ọzọ n'ofe United States.” <ref>{{Cite web|date=6 May 2024|title=The 2024 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Investigative Reporting|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/hannah-dreier-new-york-times}}</ref> Achịkọtala ọrụ Dreier n'ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbe ochie, gụnyere ''Akụkọ'' ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ America Kachasị Mma'' na ''Ide akwụkwọ akụkọ America kacha mma'' . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-best-american-magazine-writing-2019/9780231190015|title=The Best American Magazine Writing 2019|date=December 2019|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231548663}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Reaves|first=Gayle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxhgDwAAQBAJ&q=The+Best+American+Newspaper+Narratives%2C+Volume+5&pg=PR8|title=The Best American Newspaper Narratives, Volume 5|date=15 June 2018|publisher=University of North Texas Press|isbn=9781574417272}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2022|title=The Best American Newspaper Narratives, Volume 9|url=https://www.tamupress.com/book/9781574418620/the-best-american-newspaper-narratives-volume-9/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2zfklmuztgcf201c979eyfb6qxnkg60 0 53508 727803 194163 2026-09-25T03:21:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727803 wikitext text/x-wiki Agent of Change Award bụ ihe nrite kwa afọ mebere na 2016 site na Global Partnership Forum iji mata ndị mmeri nke nhatanha nwoke na nwanyị na ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na-akwado UN Women. Ọ bụ UN Assistant Secretary General for Intergovernmental Support and Strategic Partnerships na-enye onyinye a na onye isi oche nke Global Partnerships Forum na isi ụlọ ọrụ nke United Nations, na New York City.[1][2] Ihe nturu ugo Agent of Change gbadoro ụkwụ na ihe osise Spar Street nke otu aha. == Ihe nrite 2016 == [[Usòrò:UN_Women's_Agent_of_Change_Award.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ihe oyiyi atọ nke afọ 2016, nke isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations na-ahụ anya n'azụ.]] Na Septemba 21, 2016, e nyere Agent of Change Awards mbụ: <ref>{{Cite web|title=UN Women recognizes the champions and stalwarts of the gender equality and women's empowerment movement|url=http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2016/9/speech-by-lakshmi-puri-recognizing-gender-equality-champions|work=UN Women|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Onye e nyere ya !Mba !Ihe odide !Ihe mgbochi. |- |Sheikh Hasina | Bangladesh |Praịm Minista nke iri nke BangladeshPraịm Minista nke Bangladesh |<ref>{{Cite web|title=PM receives 'Planet 50-50 Champion' & 'Agent of Change Award'|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/09/22/pm-receives-planet-50-50-champion-agent-change-award/|work=Dhaka Tribune|date=22 September 2016|publisher=Dhaka Tribune|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pm-awarded-women-empowerment-1288363|title=PM awarded for women empowerment|author=|first=|date=September 23, 2016|work=The Daily Star|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=September 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albd.org/index.php/en/updates/news/4043-hpm-sheikh-hasina-gets-recognition-for-contributing-in-women-empowerment|title=HPM Sheikh Hasina gets recognition for contributing in women empowerment|author=|first=|date=22 September 2016|work=Bangladesh Awami League|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925231959/http://www.albd.org/index.php/en/updates/news/4043-hpm-sheikh-hasina-gets-recognition-for-contributing-in-women-empowerment|archivedate=25 September 2016|accessdate=September 26, 2016}}</ref> |- |Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca | Malta |Onye isi ala nke itoolu nke MaltaOnye isi ala nke Malta |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Grech|first=Herman|title=Coleiro Preca receives UN award for 'inspiring change'|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160922/local/coleiro-preca-receives-un-award-for-inspiring-change.625722|work=Times of Malta|accessdate=26 September 2017|archive-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430073650/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160922/local/coleiro-preca-receives-un-award-for-inspiring-change.625722|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Ban Soon-taek | South Korea |Nwunye Ban Ki-moon, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke asatọ nke United NationsOdeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations | |} == Ihe nrite 2017 == Na Septemba 20, 2017, e nyere Agent of Change Awards: <ref>{{Cite web|title=UN Women and the Global Partnerships Forum celebrate women leaders|url=http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/9/news-event-un-women-and-the-global-partnerships-forum-celebrate-women-leaders|work=UN Women|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Onye e nyere ya !Mba !Ihe odide !Ihe mgbochi. |- |Erna Solberg | Norway |Praịm Minista nke iri abụọ na asatọ nke NorwayPraịm Minista nke Norway | |- |Margot Wallström | Sweden |Mịnịsta nke 42 maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na osote praịm minista nke 13 nke SwedenOnye osote praịm minista nke Sweden |<ref>{{Cite web|title=UN AWARDS SWEDEN FOR FEMINIST FOREIGN POLICY|url=http://www.swemfa.se/2017/09/21/un-awards-sweden-for-feminist-foreign-policy/|work=Government Offices of Sweden, Ministry of Foreign Affairs|publisher=Government of Sweden|accessdate=26 September 2017|archivedate=30 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430073700/http://www.swemfa.se/2017/09/21/un-awards-sweden-for-feminist-foreign-policy/}}</ref> |- |Retno Marsudi | Indonesia |Minista nke iri na asaa nke na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke IndonesiaMinista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi n'Indonesia |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our #MinisterRetno received the Agent of Change Award 2017|url=https://twitter.com/KBRI_NewDelhi/status/910739703925661696|work=Twitter|publisher=Indonesian Embassy, New Delhi|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jakartaglobe.id/foreign-affairs-news/fm-retno-receives-un-agent-change-award/|title=FM Retno Receives UN Agent of Change Award|author=|first=|date=September 25, 2017|work=Jakarta Globe|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=September 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/09/21/indonesian-fm-retno-marsudi-receives-un-agent-of-change-award.html|title=Indonesian FM Retno Marsudi receives UN Agent of Change award|author=|first=|date=September 21, 2017|work=Jakarta Post|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=September 26, 2017}}</ref> |- |Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi | United Arab Emirates |Onye isi oche nke UAE General Women's Union |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatima Bint Mubarak honoured by UN for empowering women|url=http://gulftoday.ae/portal/b8fce4ff-2bbf-402a-96dc-6e934a66c6df.aspx|work=Gulf Today|publisher=Gulf Today|accessdate=26 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009173511/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/b8fce4ff-2bbf-402a-96dc-6e934a66c6df.aspx|archivedate=9 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mofa.gov.ae/EN/MediaCenter/News/Pages/24-09-2017-UAE-UN.aspx|title=Fatima bint Mubarak honoured by UN for empowering women|author=|first=|date=2017-09-24|work=United Arab Emirates Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2017-09-26}}</ref> |- |Michelle Bachelet | Chile |Onye isi ala nke iri atọ na abụọ na nke iri atọOnye isi ala nke Chile | |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke onyinye na-asọpụrụ ụmụ nwanyị == Ihe odide == tavxwe2azjicdopg8dpafyfvv8rfi5b 0 54116 727800 577248 2026-09-25T03:11:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727800 wikitext text/x-wiki "Ihe niile na-aga" bụ egwu Trinidadian-American rapper na onye na-agụ egwú Nicki Minaj sitere na album studio nke atọ ya, The Pinkprint (2014). Ewepụtara ya na Disemba 3, 2014, site na Young Money, Cash Money, na Republic Records dị ka egwu nkwalite mbụ na egwu mmeghe sitere na ọba ahụ. Egwu a eruola elu na nọmba 38 na chaatị US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/312259/Nicki+Minaj/chart?f=367|title=Nicki Minaj|work=billboard.com|access-date=2024-10-23|archive-date=2013-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705014936/http://www.billboard.com/artist/312259/nicki%2Bminaj/chart?f=367|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya == Maka onye na-enye onyinye oge Eliza Berman, "All Things Go" na-egosi egwu ndị na-atụle ọtụtụ nsogbu onwe onye Minaj chere ihu, sitere na mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma ya na ezinụlọ ya ruo na igbu ọchụ nke nwa nwanne nna ya Nicholas Telemaque na 2011. Egwu meghere na Minaj na-atụgharị uche na ya. ama na ọsọ nke ndụ ya gara; "Ndụ bụ ihe nkiri, a gaghị enwe ihe na-esote.. N'amaokwu na-esonụ, Minaj na-abụ abụ banyere ọnwụ nwa nwanne ya na otu o si enyere ya aka ma ọ bụrụ na ọ hapụrụ ya ka ya na ya nọrọ na-ekwu; "M ga-aṅụ ọgwụ ma cheta anya n'anya ya n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ ọ hụrụ m. " Amaokwu ikpeazụ ahụ na-ahụ Minaj ka ọ na-ekwu maka ịbụ nne, site na mmekọrịta ya na nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke, ruo n'ihe gbasara ite ime. <ref name="Time">{{cite magazine|last1=Berman|first1=Eliza|title=Listen to "All Things Go," an Emotional Track from Nicki Minaj's The Pinkprint|url=https://time.com/3616141/all-things-go-nicki-minaj/|magazine=Time|access-date=31 December 2014|date=December 3, 2014|archive-date=18 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218022704/http://time.com/3616141/all-things-go-nicki-minaj/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume == Niki McGloster nke ''Billboard'' kwuru na egwu ahụ bụ "nke kachasị mma n'ụzọ mmetụta uche na nke kachasị mma, ọ bụ nnukwu ihe na-egosi ntozu oke egwu ọhụrụ ya". == Egwuregwu na-eme ihe nkiri == Na Disemba 6, 2014, Minaj mere egwu ahụ na Saturday Night Live . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2014/12/06/video-nicki-minaj-snl-performance//|title=NICKI MINAJ PERFORMS ON 'SNL'|date=December 7, 2014|accessdate=December 7, 2014|publisher=Rap-Up}}</ref> E tinyere egwu ahụ na setlist nke The Pinkprint Tour nke malitere na Machị 16, 2015, wee gwụ na Ọgọst 23, 2015. Na 2022 MTV Video Music Awards, Minaj gosipụtara egwu ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award Medley. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} 3u3gkphs24xh874006g2kpuisbddyem 0 54367 727770 721566 2026-09-25T01:03:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Hissa Hilal''' ( Arabic ) bụ onye Saudi Arabia na-ede uri . Ebipụtara ya na mbụ n'okpuru pseudonym '''Remia''' ( Arabic ), <ref name="rock">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4fQDPclBmsC&pg=PA160|title=Rock the Casbah: Rage and Rebellion Across the Islamic World|first=Robin|author=Wright|date=7 August 2012|pages=160&ndash;168|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=9781439103173}}</ref> <ref name="gulfnews">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/rimiya-s-poetry-book-published-1.614240|work=Gulf News|date=April 19, 2010|title=Rimiya's poetry book published}}</ref> <ref name="al-arabiya">{{Cite news|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2010/04/08/105288.html|work=Al-Arabiya|first=Ahmed|author=Al-Sharif|title=Kuwaiti poet wins Million's Poet first prize|date=April 8, 2010}}</ref> ọ nwetara aha na mpụga mba Arab na 2010 mgbe ọ gụpụtara abụ megide fatwa na ''nde poet Million'', asọmpi uri ihe onyonyo [[United Arab Emirates|nke Emirati]], wee bụrụ nwanyị mbụ ga-eru na ngwụcha mmemme ahụ. == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == Hilal, onye aha ya zuru oke bụ Hissa Hilal al-Malihan al-'Unzi, <ref name="alapn">{{Cite news|url=http://www.alapn.com/en/news.php?cat=1&id=1561|publisher=Poetry News Agency|date=March 21, 2011|title=Poetess speaks her mind|accessdate=February 9, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212438/http://www.alapn.com/en/news.php?cat=1&id=1561|url-status=dead}}</ref> mụrụ na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Saudi Arabia]], na nso [[Jọdan|Jordan]], na obodo Bedouin, wee malite ide abụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 12, gụnyere na isiokwu. nke ide na ikpe ziri ezi. <ref name="spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Verse Behind the Veil|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/verse-behind-the-veil-saudi-woman-challenges-religious-order-with-poetry-a-689018.html|work=Der Spiegel|date=April 16, 2010|first=Alexander|author=Smoltczyk}}</ref> <ref name="great-things" />O zochiri uri ya n'aka ezinụlọ ya, ndị na-akwadoghị. <ref name="voice" /> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Bahrain, bụ ebe ọ zutere akwụkwọ Bekee mara mma, mana ọ nweghị ike ịga mahadum n'ihi ego. <ref name="great-things" /> Hilal nwere ike inwe ụfọdụ n'ime uri ya nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Saudi na akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọkwá ụkọchukwu n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Riyadh, na-eji ego sitere na ahịa mbụ ya zụta igwe fax ka o wee nwee ike dee akụkọ nkà na ụlọ. <ref name="spiegel" /> <ref name="great-things"/> Hilal rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye nta akụkọ maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ na Saudi Arabia na mpaghara Gulf Persian, ma bụrụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ uri nke ''al-Hayat'' . <ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8587185.stm|title=Saudi female poet whose verse inflames and inspires|date=March 25, 2010|publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref name="alapn" /> O bipụtara mkpokọta uri abụọ, ''Asụsụ nke Obo ájá'' (1993) na ''Onye Bedewed'' . <ref name="gulfnews" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alraimedia.com/alrai/ArticlePrint.aspx?id=281184|publisher=Al Rai Media|date=June 13, 2011|first=باسمة|author=العنزي|title=قراءة في كف ريمية هلال|accessdate=July 30, 2013}}</ref> N'oge a, o dere n'okpuru pseudonym "Remia." <ref name="gulfnews" /> <ref name="spiegel" /> Hilal na-ekwu na ịlụ di na nwunye nyere ya nnwere onwe imepụta ihe site na ezinụlọ ya, na ụmụ ya anọ bụ isi iyi nke nkwụsi ike. <ref name="great-things"/> Di ya bụkwa onye na-ede uri. <ref name="voice">{{Cite news|title=Hissa Hilal, the voice of the Millions|work=The National|first=Hamida|author=Ghafour|date=April 2, 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGhafour2010">Ghafour, Hamida (April 2, 2010). "Hissa Hilal, the voice of the Millions". ''The National''.</cite></ref> Hilal chọrọ ịsọ mpi na oge mbụ nke ''Ndenye Poet'', ma di ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọ naghị ajụ ya ikike ederede na ya dị ka nwanyị Saudi ga-achọ ịga njem ná mba ọzọ, ọ na-ala azụ inye ya. Ọ bụ maka oge nke anọ ka o nyere ya ikike. <ref name="voice" /> == ''Onye na-ede uri nde'' ==   Ma ndị ọkàikpe na ndị na-ege ntị nke ''onye na-ede uri nde mmadụ'' toro Hilal na uri ya nke ọma. <ref name="independent" /> Otu ọkàikpe kwuru, sị, "Ike ya dị na imepụta ihe oyiyi ... uri ya dị ike. Ọ na-enwekarị ozi na echiche siri ike, ọbụna n'okwu ndị na-ese okwu." <ref name="spiegel" />Abụ kacha ama Hilal sitere na asọmpi ahụ bụ "Chaos of Fatwas." <ref name="great-things">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/hissa-hilal-you-will-see-a-lot-of-great-things-coming-from-saudi-women|title=Hissa Hilal: You will see a lot of great things coming from Saudi women|first=Saeed|author=Saeed|date=March 27, 2011|work=The National}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSaeed2011">Saeed, Saeed (March 27, 2011). [http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/hissa-hilal-you-will-see-a-lot-of-great-things-coming-from-saudi-women "Hissa Hilal: You will see a lot of great things coming from Saudi women"]. ''The National''.</cite></ref> Ọ katọrọ na rhymed dactyls <ref name="spiegel" /> ndị ụkọchukwu "barbaric" na-achị obodo ya, na-akatọ ime ihe ike na mmachi nke ikike na-ebute site na nguzo ha siri ike. <ref name="bbc" /> A hụrụ abụ ahụ ka ọ na-aza kpọmkwem okwu Sheikh Abdul-Rahman al-Barrak na nso nso a bụ nke kpọrọ oku ka e gbuo ndị na-akwado mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị. <ref name="independent">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-woman-poet-lashes-out-at-clerics-in-arabic-idol-1926176.html|work=The Independent|date=March 24, 2010|first=Archie|author=Bland|title=Saudi woman poet lashes out at clerics in 'Arabic Idol'}}</ref> Hilal nwetara egwu ọnwụ n'ịntanetị maka uri a. <ref name="threats" /> Ọ na-ekwu na ya na-eji okwu mkpasu iwe na ihe atụ n'abụ ya, dị ka nkọwa nke ndị ụkọchukwu na-eme ihe n'eziokwu bụ ndị na-ese onyinyo ndị na-egbu onwe ha, n'ihi na "oke ike siri ike, ị nweghịkwa ike ikwu banyere ya n'ụzọ ọzọ." <ref name="voice" /> Abụ Hilal n'izu sochiri ya bụ amaokwu iri na ise n'isiokwu yiri nke ahụ, wee nweta ya ọkaibe n'ọkwa n'okirikiri, ebe n'ikpeazụ, na otuto ndị ikpe maka obi ike ya. <ref name="threats" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=37912|title='Fatwa' poetess makes it to Million's Poet final|publisher=Middle East Online|date=March 18, 2010|accessdate=April 7, 2014}}</ref> Abụ Hilal n'ime okirikiri ahụ kwuru na mgbasa ozi, isiokwu nke ndị ọka ikpe họọrọ, nwere ike iji luso amaghị ama na mmachi ọgụ. "M na-esonyere nnụnụ nke ìhè n'ọgụ nke nghọta, anyị chọrọ ibili na ụwa nke na-alụ ọgụ amaghị ama." <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/use-millions-show-to-reach-the-world-poet-says|work=The National|title=Use Million's show to reach the world, poet says|date=March 26, 2010|first=Hassan|author=Hassan|archive-date=June 2, 2016|access-date=October 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602052205/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/use-millions-show-to-reach-the-world-poet-says|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hilal bịara n'ọkwa nke atọ n'asọmpi ahụ, merie nde dirham 3 ma kpalie ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-ege ntị ịga asọmpi ikpeazụ karịa ka ọ dịbu. <ref name="al-arabiya" /> <ref name="great-things"/> Ntinye ikpeazụ ya bụ adreesị sitere n'aka onye na-ede uri na abụ ya: "Ị nwere nku na-efegharị efe / Ị gaghị arara gị site na mbara igwe gị mepere emepe." <ref name="spiegel" /> Ọ natara akara kachasị elu site na otu ndị ọka ikpe, nke na-agụta 60% nke akara ikpeazụ nke onye asọmpi, mana o nwetaghị oke votu ndị na-ege ntị iji merie asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8610237.stm|date=April 8, 2010|title=Saudi female poet Hissa Hilal loses in contest final|publisher=BBC}}</ref> ''The Independent'' na-ede na " ''Million's Poet'' bụ ebe dị ịrịba ama karịsịa maka ozi ya nyere usoro nchekwa nke usoro ya," nke na-akwalite uri omenala ma nwee ike iru ndị na-ege ntị nke ukwuu na ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe karịa ihe ngosi nkà ndị Western-emetụta; n'ihi na a na-asọpụrụ ụdị ahụ na omenala, ọdịnaya nwere ike ịkwanye oke. <ref name="independent" /> Hilal na-agbakwụnye na ebe ọ bụ na ndị ụkọchukwu na-eme ihe ike na-enwe ike ịkwado nkwado site n'iji "okwu okpukpe na okwu ndị gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'uche onye ọ bụla," ndị moderate kwesịrị imegide ha site n'iji okwu okwu yiri nke ahụ karịa asụsụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ndị mmadụ na-agaghị emetụta. <ref name="threats">{{Cite news|work=The National|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/millions-poet-finalist-defies-death-threats#full|title=Million's Poet finalist defies death threats|first=Hassan|author=Hassan|date=March 19, 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHassan2010">Hassan, Hassan (March 19, 2010). [http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/millions-poet-finalist-defies-death-threats#full "Million's Poet finalist defies death threats"]. ''The National''.</cite></ref> Ndị nyocha na-atụ aro na a na-eji ụdị uri a na-amụbawanye nsogbu ọha na eze na ntinye aka Hilal ga-eme ka usoro ahụ dịkwuo elu. <ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Voice of America|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/saudi-woman-defies-death-threats-to-finish-third-in-poetry-contest-90217847/115499.html|title=Saudi Woman Defies Death Threats to Finish Third in Poetry Contest|date=April 7, 2010}}</ref> Ndị mgbasa ozi kwuru na Hilal pụtara na mmemme ahụ yi niqab . O ugat nd ikwu ya nwoke na-akwado t ya. <ref name="bbc" /> Hilal kwuru na ahụmahụ ya iyi niqab mgbe ọ na-eme njem na mpụga Saudi Arabia bụ akụkụ nke ihe butere ihe mejupụtara "Chaos of Fatwas"; mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma ọ nwetara site n'aka ndị ọdịda anyanwụ mere ka ọ chee echiche otú ndị na-eme okpukpe nke ya si nye ndị Alakụba nile aha ọjọọ. <ref name="threats"/> == Mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ == Mgbe o sonyechara na ''Poet Nde'', Hilal bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. ''Ịgba alụkwaghịm na Kholu 'Poetry: Ọgụgụ nke ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na òtù agbụrụ na Nabati Poetry dị ka onye akaebe'' (2010) bụ nchịkọta uri nke ụmụ nwanyị Bedouin dere tupu 1950. Hilal deziri nchịkọta ahụ, nke ọ na-ahụ ka ọ na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na nnwere onwe n'ihe gbasara ezinụlọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na Saudi Arabia nwere na ọgbọ mbụ. <ref name="great-things"/> <ref name="divorce">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/heritage/millions-poet-star-stirs-divorce-controversy|title=Million's Poet star stirs divorce controversy|first=Layla|author=al Rashedi|date=May 2, 2010|work=The National|archive-date=June 2, 2016|access-date=October 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602073042/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/heritage/millions-poet-star-stirs-divorce-controversy|url-status=dead}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ nwere uri nke ụmụ nwanyị iri ise na-agụ uri sitere na ebo Bedouin dị iche iche ma mejupụtara ngalaba abụọ, "Ikike nke Nhọrọ" na "Rejection and Resistance." <ref name="gulfnews" /> <ref name="alapn" /> Ụbọchị agụmagụ uri ndị ahụ dị iche iche, nke kacha ochie karịrị narị afọ abụọ yana nke ọhụrụ dị ihe dị ka afọ iri anọ. Hilal na-ekwu maka akwụkwọ a, sị, "Ụmụ nwanyị agbụrụ na-agụ uri na-arịọ ka a gbaa alụkwaghịm, mgbe di ha nụrụ ya, ha na-agbakwa ha." <ref name="alapn" /> Ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ bụ Abdallah ibn Raddas bu ụzọ chịkọta ya na 1950s na 1960 wee dabere na akụkọ sitere n'ọdịnala ọnụ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị ndị chọrọ ikewapụ onwe ha na di ha, ma ọ bụ n'ihi ọchịchọ nnwere onwe na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu. obi nkoropụ n'ebe di, ma ọ bụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ na-emebiga ihe ókè ma ọ bụ ndị na-enwe mmekọahụ, ma ọ bụ ndị nwere ọchịchọ siri ike na nzaghachi ha na iwu ịgba alụkwaghịm nke ndị di malitere. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Hilal megidere echiche a na-enwe n'oge a bụ na ọha mmadụ nke oge a nwere mmepeanya karịa agbụrụ agbụrụ nke oge ochie, ma na-akọwa ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na obodo Bedouin ọzara na obodo mepere emepe bịara na-achị. <ref name="stanza">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/featured-content/channel-page/arts-culture/middle-article/using-poetry-to-take-a-stanza#full|title=Using poetry to take a stanza|author=Kurpershoeck|first=Marcel|date=November 10, 2012|work=The National|archive-date=August 9, 2016|access-date=October 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809090456/http://www.thenational.ae/featured-content/channel-page/arts-culture/middle-article/using-poetry-to-take-a-stanza#full|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Enlightenment'' (2011) bụ nchịkọta nke uri Hilal site n'afọ iri gara aga, <ref name="divorce" /> ma gụnye "Chaos of Fatwas." <ref name="stanza" /> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4fQDPclBmsC&pg=PA160|title=Rock the Casbah: Rage and Rebellion Across the Islamic World|first=Robin|author=Wright|date=7 August 2012|pages=160&ndash;168|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=9781439103173}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://archive.today/20140325003949/http://edythemcnamee.com/2010/04/15/hissa-hilals-poem-against-extremism/ Hilal gụrụ "Chaos of Fatwas"] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/04/100426_outlook_hissa_hilavid.shtml Ntụgharị asụsụ zuru oke nke "Ọgbaaghara nke Fatwas"] * [http://suqalmal.blogspot.co.nz/2010/04/hissa-hilal-last-poem-7-april-2010.html Ntụgharị asụsụ zuru oke nke abụ ikpeazụ Hilal na asọmpi ahụ] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 83esh0clmsacuxu6sd8uff6xai4jg2y 0 54423 727683 595403 2026-09-24T18:07:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727683 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Juana Evelyn López Luna''' (amụrụ 25 Disemba 1978), nke a maara dị ka '''Evelyn López''', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://espndeportes.espn.com/noticias/nota?s=fut&id=1244981&type=story|title=Tri Femenil empata 0-0 ante Rusia|publisher=ESPN|language=es|date=2 March 2011|accessdate=13 February 2019|archivedate=24 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424210113/https://espndeportes.espn.com/noticias/nota?s=fut&id=1244981&type=story}}</ref> bụ onye ọkpọ [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Mexico lara ezumike nka bụ onye gbara ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị Mexico bọọlụ na 2004 Summer Olympics na 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team=1883724/index.html|title=Official squad lists submitted|date=17 June 2011|work=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=17 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712191514/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team%3D1883724/index.html|archivedate=12 July 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1883724/index.html|title=Olympic Women's Football Tournaments Athens 2004 – Squad List: Mexico (MEX)|publisher=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=2 October 2015|archive-date=28 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128051128/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1883724/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na ọkwa klọb, ọ na-egwuri maka Necaxa . == Ebumnuche mba ụwa == {| class="wikitable" !Mba. ! Ụbọchị ! Ebe ! Onye mmegide ! Akara ! Nsonaazụ ! Asọmpi |- | 1. | Ọktoba 13, 2007 | Edward Jones Dome, St. Louis, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|Njikota Obodo Amerika]] |</img> United States | align="center" | '''1-0''' | align="center" | 1–5 | Enyi na enyi |- |} == Hụkwa == * Mexico na asọmpi Olimpik Summer 2004 == Ntụaka == ezumike nka bụ ndị ọzọ ihe{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] e7q63m3e3lpk8bjbwku7mcba4makdo4 0 54435 727863 192948 2026-09-25T07:56:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennifer Marie Molina Shea''' (amuru June 27, 1981) bu onye mgba okpu [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Mexico onye gbaburu otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị Mexico . Ọ gbara asọmpi na 2004 Summer Olympics na [[Atens|Athens, Greece]], <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1883724/index.html|title=Olympic Women's Football Tournaments Athens 2004 – Squad List: Mexico (MEX)|publisher=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=2 October 2015|archive-date=28 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128051128/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1883724/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ebe otu ahụ mechara n'ọkwa asatọ. Molina nwere njikọ na Mahadum Colgate . == Ntụaka == [[Mexico women's national football team|ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ m]]{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Jennifer Molina – FIFA competition record (archived) *   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fx8as1qyi9x63h1ome5chzy6vj7f8cq 0 55465 727830 196434 2026-09-25T05:18:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Guinea]] kwadoro 2000 UN TIP Protocol na Nọvemba 2004. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12-a&chapter=18&clang=_en|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|work=treaties.un.org}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, Guinea bụ isi iyi, njem, na n'ókè dị ala, mba maka ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ nwanyị, na ụmụaka a na-ere ahịa, ọkachasị n'ógbè Ọrụ mmanye na ịgba akwụna mmanye. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ nwụrụ bụ ụmụaka, ihe omume ndị a nke ịzụ ahịa na-adịkarị n'etiti ụmụ amaala Guinea karịa n'etiti ndị mba ọzọ bi na Guinea. N'ime mba ahụ, ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'okpuru Ịgba ohu n'ụlọ na-enweghị isi na mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa, ebe ụmụ nwoke nọ n'ọnọdụ ịrịọ arịrịọ na ọrụ mmanye dị ka Ndị na-ere ahịa n'okporo ámá, ndị na-emepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ, na ndị ọrụ na ebe a na-egwupụta ọlaedo na diamond.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/guinea.htm|title=Guinea, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor|access-date=2024-11-26|archive-date=2015-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303052240/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/guinea.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-enyekwa ụfọdụ ndị ikom Guinea ọrụ ugbo n'ime Guinea. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ụmụ agbọghọ si [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], Nigeria, [[Ghana]], [[Liberia]], [[Senegal]], [[Burkina Faso]], na [[Guinea-Bissau]] kwagara Guinea, ebe a na-ejere ha ozi n'ụlọ na-enweghị isi ma eleghị anya na-ejikwa mmekọahụ eme ihe. A manyere ụfọdụ ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị Guinea ịrụ ọrụ n'ike n'ọrụ igwu ọlaedo na Senegal, Mali, na ikekwe mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka. A na-etinye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ Guinea n'okpuru ịgba ohu n'ụlọ na-enweghị isi na ịgba akwụna na Naijiria, [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]], Senegal, [[Greece|Gris]], na [[Spain]]. A na-ere ụmụ nwanyị China na Guinea maka mmegbu mmekọahụ site n'aka [[China|Ndị China]] na-ere ahịa. Networks na-ere ahịa ụmụ nwanyị site na Naijiria, [[Ndia|India]], na Gris site na Guinea gaa Maghreb wee gaa [[Obodo Békè|Europe]], ọkachasị [[Italy|Ịtali]], [[Yukrain|Ukraine]], [[Switzerland]], na [[France]] maka ịgba akwụna a manyere ya na ịgba ohu n'ụlọ. n'afọ 2010, Gọọmentị Guinea emeghị ka ụkpụrụ kachasị mma maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa; Otú ọ dị, o mere mgbalị dị ukwuu ime nke a, n'agbanyeghị obere ihe onwunwe. Gọọmentị nọgidere na-eme mgbalị iji nyochaa mpụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo ịzụ ahịa ma jide ndị a na'enyo enyo na ha na-azụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha ahụ enwechaghị ọganihu n'ịlụso ahia mmadụ ọgụ na Guinea kemgbe ha batara n'ọchịchị n'ọgba aghara na Disemba 2008. Ọ bụ ezie na Guinea nwere usoro iwu zuru oke megide ịzụ ahịa, nke o wusiri ike site n'ịmepụta Iwu Nwatakịrị nke afọ 2008, ndị agha ahụ ekwughị ikpe ọ bụla gbasara ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ ikpe maka afọ nke abụọ n'usoro, na mbọ nchebe na mgbochi ka na-adịghị ike. Ya mere, e debere Guinea na "Tier 2 Watch List" maka afọ nke atọ n'usoro. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, onye isi gọọmentị wepụtara nkwupụta na-enye ndị ọrụ nchekwa ikike ịgba onye ọ bụla e jidere mgbe ọ na-ere mmadụ, na-akpata nchegbu dị ukwuu maka [[Ikike mmadụ|Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]]. N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Kọmitii Mba na-alụso ahia mmadụ ọgụ gbakọrọ iji nyochaa atụmatụ ọrụ mba nke 2005-2006 na ịkọwapụta mbipụta emelitere maka 2009-2011, mana ewepụtaghị akwụkwọ dị otú ahụ nye ọha na eze. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ekwu na ha na-etinye aka na mbọ iji dozie ịzụ ahịa, mana mba ahụ nwere oke ike idozi nsogbu ahụ n'ihi nsogbu mmefu ego, oke ikike, na nkwekọrịta na-edoghị anya nke mmanye iwu na ọrụ ọdịmma ọha na eze. Ụlọ ọrụ U.S. State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons debere mba ahụ na "Tier 3" na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> E debere mba ahụ na Tier 2 na 2023. <ref name="US2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Trafficking-in-Persons-Report-2023_Introduction-Additional-Pagesv4_FINAL.pdf|title=Technical Difficulties}}</ref> == Ikpe (2010) == Gọọmenti Guinea egosighi ọganihu na mbọ ndị mmanye iwu na-egbochi ịzụ ahịa ahịa n'oge oge mkpesa. Guinea amachibidoro ụdị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ niile site n'ụkpụrụ dị iche iche. Usoro ụmụaka nke 2008 gụnyere ndokwa na-amachibido ụdị ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka ọ bụla, kpọmkwem imebi ohu ụlọ, na ikwe ka ndị NGO weta ikpe n'ụlọikpe n'aha ndị ihe metụtara. Gọọmenti, na mmekorita ya na ndị NGO na ndị otu mba ụwa, emebeghị ka ederede mmejuputa iwu a, nke ga-enye iwu ntaramahụhụ na-enye ohere ka etinyere iwu. Nkeji edemede 337 nke Usoro Mkpebi 1998 machibidoro ndị mmadụ ịbanye na nkwekọrịta na-anapụ ndị ọzọ nnwere onwe ha, na-enye ntaramahụhụ mkpọrọ afọ ise ruo afọ iri na ịnapụ uru ọ bụla sitere na ya. A na-amanye ịgba akwụna mmanye na ụmụaka ịgba akwụna site na Nkeji edemede 329 nke Usoro Penal nke Guinea, bụ nke kwuru na a ga-anọrịrị ọnwa isii ruo afọ abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na onye a na-ere ere bụ okenye, na mkpọrọ afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ ise ma ọ bụrụ na onye a tara ahụhụ bụ nwata. Ntaramahụhụ ndị a maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ nke ndị toro eto esighị nke ọma ma ọ bụ kwekọọ n'ụramahụhụ e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị njọ, dị ka idina mmadụ n'ike. Gọọmenti akwadoghị ikpe ọ bụla gbasara ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'oge akụkọ ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Ministry of Justice kwuru na e nwere ikpe ọhụrụ 13 bụ ndị metụtara njide nke ma ọ dịkarịa ala 40 ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị omempụ n'afọ 2009. N'ime ndị a na-ebo ebubo na-azụ ahịa, mmadụ 30 ka nọ n'ụlọnga. Okwu ikpe 17 ọzọ nke ịzụ ahịa site na oge mkpesa gara aga na-echere ikpe. Gọọmenti nyere ndị ọrụ ya naanị ọzụzụ pụrụiche nwere oke gbasara nnabata, nyocha na ịgba akwụkwọ maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ, n'ihi oke mmefu ego. == Nchebe (2010) == Gọọmentị gosipụtara mgbalị na-adịghị ike iji chebe ndị a na-ere ahịa n'oge akụkọ ahụ. A kọrọ na gọọmentị zigara ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị ama nke ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ na NGO na òtù mba ụwa maka enyemaka, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị egosighi iji usoro ntụgharị usoro ma ọ bụ usoro iji chọpụta ndị merụrụ ahụ n'etiti ndị na-adịghị ike, dị ka ụmụaka mba ọzọ na ebe ọrụ. Ministri na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nọgidere na-enyere narị ụmụaka ole na ole aka, ole na ole n'ime ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị a na-ere ahịa. Gọọmentị enyeghị ebe mgbaba maka ndị a na-ere ahịa, mana ọ na-enyere ndị a na ya aka ugboro ugboro site na ịkpọtụrụ ndị NGO na mba ụwa iji hazie ebe mgbaba na ikpe ezinụlọ. Gọọmentị enyeghị ndị a na-ere ahịa ohere ịnweta ọrụ iwu, ahụike, ma ọ bụ nke uche, ma ọ bụghịkwa nkwado ego maka ọrụ ndị mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ ndị NGO na-enye. Ndị a na-ere ahịa mba ọzọ anaghị erite uru site na Ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ enyemaka site na nchụpụ. Gọọmentị kọrọ na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche chọpụtara ụmụaka 106 a na-ere ahịa na 2009, mana enyeghị data ọzọ gbasara ụmụaka ndị a. Gọọmentị na-enye ndị ahụ ebe mgbaba n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe ụfọdụ mgbe ọ na-enweghị ihe ọzọ. Gọọmentị gbara ndị a na-ere ahịa ume ka ha nyere aka na nyocha na ikpe ndị na-ere ha, ọ bụrụhaala na onye ahụ a na-egbu egbu dịkarịa ala afọ 12. Na oku gọọmentị kpọrọ, mmadụ abụọ dị otú ahụ, otu n'ime ha bụ nwatakịrị, kwurịtara ikpe ha iche na telivishọn mba n'ọnwa Eprel na June 2009, ọ bụ ezie na ebuteghị ndị na-ere ha n'ụlọ ikpe; nke a na-eme ka nchegbu maka nchekwa na ọdịmma nke ndị ahụ. == Mgbochi (2010) == Gọọmenti Guinea gosipụtara obere mbọ iji mee mgbochi ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ mkpọsa nkuzi n'oge oge mkpesa. Otú ọ dị, onye isi ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị mere ọtụtụ okwu na-egosi mkpa ọ dị ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ. Gọọmentị enyochaghị usoro mbata na ọpụpụ ma ọ bụ mbata maka ihe akaebe nke ịzụ ahịa. Gọọmenti emeghị ihe iji belata agụụ nke mmekọahụ rụrụ arụ. == Ihe odide == oaualbso8ohhif0lqifsumyy2k0nxt9 0 55473 727675 631026 2026-09-24T17:57:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727675 wikitext text/x-wiki   Eulalie Nibizi (amuru 1960) bu onye nzuko ahia ndi Burundi na onye na-akwado ikike mmadu. N'afọ 1991, o nyere aka na nguzobe otu ndị ahịa mbụ nke Burundi, Union des travailleurs du Burundi, wee gaa n'ihu chọta otu ndị nkuzi Syndicat des Travailleurs de l'Enseignement du Burundi. N'afọ 2015, mgbe ọ nọ na Denmark, ọ matara na ndị ọchịchị Burundi na-emeso ya dị ka onye nnupụisi. N'ịbụ onye na-ekpebi na ọ ka mma ịghara ịlaghachi n'obodo ya, ọ nọwo na mba ọzọ kemgbe ahụ. Nibizi akọpụtala ndị otu mba ụwa maka mmebi iwu mmadụ na Burundi. Dị ka onye nhazi nke òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ Coalition Burundaise des Défenseurs des Droits de l'Homme, ọ na-aga n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ maka ọganihu na ikike mmadụ maka ndị Burundi niile. <ref name="iwacu" /> <ref name="dd" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ei-ie.org/en/detail/3484/burundi-in-state-of-fear-education-union-is-targeted-by-government-violence|title=Burundi: in state of fear, education union is targeted by government violence|publisher=Education International|date=15 December 2015|accessdate=27 February 2020|language=}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Amụrụ na 1960 na Kiryama na Komune Burundian nke Songa, Eulalie Nibizi gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'asụsụ French na akwụkwọ.[1] O nyere aka na nguzobe nke mbụ ndị ọrụ Burdundi, Union des travailleurs du Burundi, na 1991, na-atụ anya ichekwa ọdịmma nke ndị nkuzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Mana na gọọmentị chọrọ ka ndị ọrụ niile bụrụ ndị otu, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ gbapụrụ onwe ya na nzukọ a n'ihi na o kweghịzi na ọ nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka otu ndị ọrụ.[2] Kama, o tinyere mgbalị ya na Syndicat des Travailleurs de l'Enseignement du Burundi (STEB) n'ọrụ ya dị ka onyeisi oche.[3] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị egwu nke butere oge mkpọrọ na 1997 na 2004. <ref name="iwacu" /> O nwere ihe ịga nke ọma karịsịa na 2002 mgbe ọgbaghara ahụ nyere nkwekọrịta pụrụ iche na ụgwọ ego maka ndị nkuzi n'ihi nrụgide siri ike site na njikọ ahụ.<ref name="iwacu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/50-ans-aprs-portraits-eulalie-nibizi-ou-la-lutte-pour-la-justice-sociale/|title=50 ans après, PORTRAITS: Eulalie Nibizi ou la lutte pour la justice sociale|publisher=Iwacu|date=5 May 2013|accessdate=27 February 2020|language=French}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/50-ans-aprs-portraits-eulalie-nibizi-ou-la-lutte-pour-la-justice-sociale/ "50 ans après, PORTRAITS: Eulalie Nibizi ou la lutte pour la justice sociale"] (in French). Iwacu. 5 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> A họpụtara ya ọzọ dị ka onye isi oche nke STEB, na June 2015 a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa nzukọ na Denmark. Mgbe ọ katọrọ onye isi ala Burundi bụ Pierre Nkurunziza, e debere ya na ndepụta ojii nke ndị iro nke steeti ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnyt.dk/content/truet-fordi-hun-er-fagforeningsleder|title=Truet fordi hun er fagforeningsleder|author=Rosdahl, Jacob|publisher=Globalnyt|date=21 October 2015|accessdate=28 February 2020|language=Danish}}</ref> Ọ kọwara na ya enweghị ike ịlaghachi Burundi ka ọ na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike njikọ ahụ nwere ime ngagharị iwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.folkeskolen.dk/572874/jeg-efterlod-min-mobiltelefon-og-flygtede|title="Jeg efterlod min mobiltelefon og flygtede"|publisher=Folkeskolen|date=22 October 2015|accessdate=|language=|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228071630/https://www.folkeskolen.dk/572874/jeg-efterlod-min-mobiltelefon-og-flygtede|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ laghachighị kemgbe ahụ, na-etinye ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ya na Rwanda na Uganda.<ref name="dd">{{Cite web|url=https://defenddefenders.org/defender-of-the-month-eulalie-nibizi/|title=Defender of the month: Eulalie Nibizi|publisher=Defend Defenders|date=September 2018|accessdate=27 February 2020|language=|archivedate=27 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127135315/https://defenddefenders.org/defender-of-the-month-eulalie-nibizi/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Defend Defenders. September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2018, n'otu ihe omume metụtara nzukọ nke United Nations Human Rights Council na Geneva, ọ kọrọ banyere ọnọdụ dị na Burundi.<ref name="dd"/> Ndị ọrụ Burundi rịọrọ ka UN wepụ baajị ECOSOC ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Reprisals/A_HRC_42_30.pdf|title=Human Rights Council: Cooperation with the United Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human rights|publisher=United Nations|date=2 August 2019|accessdate=28 February 2020|language=}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Nibizi kpọrọ ndị Burundi na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ ka ha hụ na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ maka ọdịnihu: "Ndị otu anyị gbasara n'ụwa niile. Ọ dị oke mkpa ịkwado ma jikọta ha, ka anyị wee nwee ike iwulite ọdịnihu ka mma maka mba anyị, dabere na ntọala nke udo na ikike mmadụ. "<ref name="dd"/> == Ihe odide == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:1960 births]] smlvn4cj8d6lnkmuo10q785f3rthabk 0 56087 727823 200775 2026-09-25T05:06:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727823 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Sir Isaac Pitman</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Isaac_Pitman.jpg|323x323px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1813-01-04</span>)</span> 4 Jenụwarị 1813<br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" |22 Jenụwarị 1897 <span style="display:none">(1897-01-22)</span> (afọ 84) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data category" |Ndị Britain |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọrụ (s) | class="infobox-data role" |Onye nkuzi, onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A maara ya maka&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[Pitman shorthand|Nchịkọta Pitman]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụmụaka | class="infobox-data" |2 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndị ikwu | class="infobox-data" |[[Benjamin Pitman]] (nwanne), [[Jacob Pitman]] (nne) |} [[Faịlụ:Bath_Abbey_-_Memorial_plaque_of_Isaac_Pitman.jpg|thumb|Ihe ncheta nke Isaac Pitman na Bath Abbey]] [[Faịlụ:Sir_Isaac_Pitman_1913_birth_centenary_stamp.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Stamp e wepụtara iji mee emume otu narị afọ nke ọmụmụ Pitman.]] Sir Isaac Pitman (4 January 1813 - 22 Jenụwarụ 1897) [1] bụ onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Bekee na onye nkuzi nke Asụsụ Bekee nke ụzọ mkpirisi a na-eme eme ihe, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka mkpirisi Pitman.  O bu ụzọ nke a na Stenographic Soundhand na 1837. Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Vegetarian Society.  Queen Victoria mere Pitman knighted afọ 1894. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Pitman na Trowbridge, Wiltshire na England.  Otu n'ime ụmụ nwanne nne ya bụ Abraham Laverton.  N'afọ 1831, o ndị nimoon ise na Training College nke British na Foreign School Society, nke zuru ezu iji mee ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi.  Ọ ịbụ ịbụ na Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire.  N'afọ 1835 ọ sere di ya nwụrụ, wee kwaga na 1836 na Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, ebe ọ akụkọ ụlọ nke ya.  N'afọ 1839, ọ kwagara Bath, ebe ọ mepere obere ụlọ akwụkwọ. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ 1851 ọ nọmba na Bath mgbe ọ dị afọ 38, ya na-egosi ya, Mary, onye dị afọ 58, bi na Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire.  Ọ gosiri Isabella Masters na 1861, ọ pụtakwara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 1871, mgbe ọ dị afụ 58, ya na ike ọhụrụ ya Isabella, nke dị afọ 46.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Mgbanwe mkpụrụ okwu na mkpirisi == Pitman bụ onye na-akwado mgbanwe mkpụrụedemede maka asụsụ Bekee, na-emepụta ọtụtụ mpempe akwụkwọ n'oge ndụ ya na mgbanwe mkpụrụedemedo. Ụkpụrụ nduzi ya bụ "oge a zọpụtara bụ ndụ a na-enweta". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Anniversaries of 2013|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=28 December 2012|archive-date=31 December 2012|access-date=2 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231203151/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otu n'ime n'igosi nke akara ya na ntụgharị okwu bụ akụkụ usoro mkpirisi fonetiki ya nke mbụ obụ na 1837, na mpempe akwụkwọ ihuenyo Sound-Hand .  N'etiti ihe atụ dị na mpempe akwụkwọ a, bụ Abụ Ọma 100, Ekpere Onyenwe anyị, na Iwu Ndụ nke Emanuel Swedenborg.  Ka ọ na-erule 1843, ịzụ ahịa nke ngwaahịa na ibipụta amụbaala nke ukwuu maka nkuzi na ihe ọmụmụ ihe nke akwụkwọ ya, yana ide ihe na ijikọta ihe.[1]  N'afọ 1844, o Carlo Phonotypy, nnukwu ọrụ ya na-egosi.  N'afọ 1845 o ndekọ mbụ nke English Phonotypic Alphabet . <ref>{{Cite journal|date=June 1845|title=Completion of the Phonotypic Alphabet|url={{GBurl|id=K-gOAQAAIAAJ|p=105}}|journal=The Phonotypic Journal|volume=4|pages=105–106}}</ref> Na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 1881, a na-asụpụta aha ya dị ka Eisak Pitman. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ 1891 edepụtara ya ọzọ dị ka Isaac, mana a gbanwere ebe a mụrụ ya ka ọ bụrụ Bath.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Mbipụta == N'afọ 1886, Pitman sonyeere ụmụ ya nwoke Alfred na Ernest iji guzobe Isaac Pitman and Sons, mgbe e mesịrị Sir Isaac Pitman na Sons. N’otu afɔ ahụ, e rere otu nde nke Phonographic Teacher na Great Britain.  Isaac Pitman and Sons ga-aghọ otu n'ime ndị na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na mmepụta na-eduzi n'ụwa nwere ike na London, Bath, New York City, Melbourne, Johannesburg, Toronto na Tokyo.  Ngalaba akara, Pitman Ltd, bụ nke onye na-apọmpi Pearson Plc pụtara na 1985. [1] Azụmaahịa ụdị ahụ dị iche iche: Pitman Training Group na JHP Training (nke a na- alụ ọgụ a). == Ịmụta ihe n'ebe dị anya == Ọ bụ Sir Isaac Pitman nyere usoro agụmakwụkwọ mbụ dị anya n'echiche nke oge a n'afọ 1840, onye kụziri usoro mkpirisi site na izipu ederede edere na mkpirisi na postcard ma nata transcriptions site n'aka ụmụ akwụkwọ ya iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka idozi. Akụkụ nke nzaghachi ụmụ akwụkwọ bụ ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa nke usoro Pitman. E mere atụmatụ a ka o kwe omume site na iwebata ọnụego akwụkwọ ozi zuru oke na Britain na 1840. == Ndụ onwe onye == Isaac Pitman bụ onye Swedenborgian.  Ọ bụghị naanị akụ The Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg kwa ụbọchị, o na aka oge na ume dị ukwuu iji ike ụwa hụ ha.  Akwụkwọ ma kesaa akwụkwọ na traktị site na Swedenborg na ịhụnanya ya.  Otu n'ime ndị edemede ọ gbara ume bụ Thomas Child . Pitman na-arụsi ọrụ ike na azụ New Church dị na Bath mgbe ọ bi na Royal Crescent .  [1] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ndu a, mgbe e akara ahụ na 1841. Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke otu a site na 1887 ruo ọnwụ ya na 1897.hụ ahụ kwanyere onyinye ya na akara site na windo site na windo enyo nke na-egosi cherub ọla edo n'ahụ n'anya nna na Swedenborg's True Christian Religion] A window 2.  1909. Ihe ncheta ya na mgbidi ugwu nke Bath Abbey na-agụ, "Ebumnuche ya siri ike, uche ya bụ nke mbụ, ọrụ ya dị egwu, ihe ọ rụzuru n'ụwa niile. E nyere iwu ka ndụ ya jeere Chineke ozi na ọrụ mmadụ". <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025|title=Memorial Wall: Pitman, Isaac|url=https://www.bathabbeymemorials.org.uk/memorial/memorial-pitman-isaac|work=Bath Abbey Memorials|language=en-GB|archivedate=|archiveurl=}}</ref> Pitman bụ nna nna James Pitman, onye mepụtara mkpụrụedemede nkuzi mbụ. Nwa nwa ya nwanyị, Honor Isabel Salmon (b.1912, née Pitman) nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-anya ụgbọelu Airspeed Oxford maka Air Transport Auxiliary na 1943. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Honor Salmon|work=Western Daily Press|date=24 April 1943}}</ref> A họpụtara nwa nwa ya John Hugh Pitman ka ọ bụrụ OBE na 2010 maka ọrụ maka ọzụzụ ọrụ aka.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Iri akwụkwọ nri == [[Faịlụ:Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png|thumb|Pitman (n'okpuru etiti) sere ya na ndị ọzọ na-eduga na Vegetarian Society, John Davie (n'aka ekpe; 1800-1891), Francis William Newman (n"elu etiti; 1805-1897), William Gibson Ward (n' aka nri; 1819-1882) ]] N'afọ 1837, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na a'nọ, Pitman n'iji iji ihe na-aba n'anya niile wee ihe Onye na-eri akwụkwọ nri, omume abụọ ahụ na-eme ogologo oge.[1]  Ọ naghịkwa ese siga. Pitman nri nri akwụkwọ nri dị mfe.  Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Vegetarian Society .  [1] N' akwụkwọ ozi o degaara The Times (London) n'afọ 1879, o kwuru na ọ bụ ezigbo nna ya na ikike ọrụ ogologo oge ka ọ na-eri nri na ọrịa.[1]  O kwuru na "M na-ekwu na ngwaọrụ m na ike nke ntachi obi sitere na anụ na ihe mgbaàmà na-aba n'anya. Enweghị m ike iru nkwubi okwu ọzọ mgbe m àmà nke oge dị otú ahụ na ndị ikom ndị ọzọ na-eri anụ ma na- ike ma ọ bụ biya".[2]  Nwanne ya nwoke Benjamin kwuru na Pitman "ghọrọ onye na-eri akwụkwọ nri, ọ bụghị maka nri, kama maka ụdị mmadụ na nke mbụ.". A gụrụ ụlọ nkwari akụ Pitman Vegetarian Hotel aha Pitman.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jones|first=Tamlyn|title=New future as hotel for historic Birmingham buildings|url=https://www.business-live.co.uk/commercial-property/new-future-hotel-historic-birmingham-17584670|accessdate=3 July 2020|work=Business Live|date=20 January 2020}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Jacob Pitman (1810-1890) onye bi na South Australia, tọrọ ntọala Swedenborg Church n'ebe ahụ, ma kụzie Pitman shorthand na New South Wales. A na-ekwu maka nwanne nna William <ref>{{Cite book|author=Packham|first=David|title=The Australians of a Branch of the Pitman Family|date=1854|publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd|location=The Pitman Press, Bath}}</ref> (1801-1859), onye kwagara South Australia na nnukwu ezinụlọ ya. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ikslhwlbwl7miyywlvkbqtqauqkymfl 0 56626 727712 721292 2026-09-24T19:54:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727712 wikitext text/x-wiki ekwensu ndị mmadụ bụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ otu ndị a na-egosi na akụkọ ifo ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi dị ka ndị si mba ọzọ na ndị na-akpaghasị anya, na ndị a na-ata ụta maka mpụ ma ọ bụ ụdị nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze ndị ọzọ. Nchụso ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na-esikarị ike na-aga n'ihu n'ìgwè mmadụ nke a na-akpọ egwu egwu omume. Mgbe ụjọ omume na-arị elu nke ukwuu, ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na-abụ isiokwu nke a haziri ahazi ma na-agbasa nke ibu iro site n'ịgba asịrị na ịgbasa akụkọ ifo obodo. Mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-abanye mgbe ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ na-anwa imepụta mmụọ ọjọọ ọhụrụ na mbọ iji kwalite esemokwu. Mgbe ụfọdụ mkpọsa megide ekwensu ndiife na-emetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwu nke mba. == Echiche == Ọka mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze Stanley Cohen webatara echiche nke ekwensu n'afọ 1972, na ọmụmụ ya Folk Devils and Moral Panics, [1] nke nyochara esemokwu mgbasa ozi gbasara Mods na Rockers na United Kingdom nke 1960s. Nnyocha Cohen dabeere na oké ifufe mgbasa ozi n'ihi esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị ntorobịa abụọ, ndị mods na ndị rockers, na ezumike ụlọ akụ n'ụsọ osimiri n'England, 1964. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe omume ahụ kpatara mmebi ihe onwunwe ụfọdụ na-enweghị mmerụ ahụ ọ bụla siri ike nye onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị ahụ metụtara, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ bipụtara isiokwu ndị na-akpali akpali gbara ihe omume ahụ gburugburu. Cohen nyochara isiokwu ndị e dere banyere isiokwu ahụ ma kwuo usoro nke eziokwu gbagọrọ agbagọ na nkwupụta na-ezighị ezi, yana ngosipụta dị iche, dị mfe nke ihe oyiyi nke ìgwè abụọ ahụ metụtara nsogbu ahụ. O kwuru usoro atọ na akụkọ mgbasa ozi gbasara ndị ekwensu: # Ihe nnọchianya: a na-egosipụta ekwensu n'otu akụkọ, ọdịdị ha na njirimara ha n'ozuzu ha dị mfe iji bụrụ ndị a pụrụ ịmata ngwa ngwa. # Imebiga ihe ókè: eziokwu nke esemokwu gbara ekwensu gburugburu na-agbagọ agbagọ, ma ọ bụ mepụta ya niile, na-akwalite omume ọma. # Amụma: a na-atụ anya omume rụrụ arụ ndị ọzọ site n'aka ekwensu. N'ihe banyere mods na rockers, mmụba nke ndị uwe ojii n'afọ sochirinụ na ezumike ụlọ akụ dugara n'ihe ike ọzọ. Cohen kwuru na ngosipụta nke mods na ndị na-eti egwu dị ka ndị na-eme ihe ike, ndị na-enweghị nchịkwa dugara n'onwe ya na ịrị elu nke omume na-adịghị mma site na subcultures. == Ikpe == Enwere ike ịhụ ụkpụrụ mgbakasị ahụ nke mkpasu iwe megide ndị mmụọ ọjọọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị amoosu na manias ndị yiri ya nke mkpagbu; akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba Europe nke ndị Katọlik na ndị Protestant na-egosikarị ihe atụ nke ndị na-akwado okwukwe Ndị Kraịst nke ọdịda anyanwụ dịka ndị mmụọ ọjọọ; a na-ahụtakarị ndị nta na ndị mbata dị ka ndị mmụọ ọjọọ; n'ime ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mgbochi Semitism, nke na-ebuso ndị Juu ebubo ugboro ugboro na ebubo nke omume ọjọọ, igbu ọchụ, dị ka nkwutọ ọbara; ma ọ bụ mkpagbu ndị Rom na-akpagbu Ndị Kraịst bụ́ ndị tara ụta maka mgbanwe ndị agha Alaeze Ukwu Rom tara ahụhụ n’ihi nhapụ Ndị Kraịst gbahapụrụ ikpere arụsị. N'oge a, ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na okpukpe n'ọtụtụ mba achọwo igosi ndị na-ekweghị na Chineke na ndị na-adịghị ekweghị na okpukpe dị ka ndị na-emebi iwu na-eyi usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya egwu.<ref name="Duke">{{Cite news|author=Duke|first=Barry|title=Christians, Muslims and Jews urged to unite in a war against atheists|url=http://freethinker.co.uk/2010/10/30/christians-muslims-and-jews-urged-to-unite-in-a-war-against-atheists/|accessdate=10 June 2012|work=The Freethinker|date=30 October 2010|archive-date=26 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526084813/http://freethinker.co.uk/2010/10/30/christians-muslims-and-jews-urged-to-unite-in-a-war-against-atheists/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ịmata ndị ekwensu nwere ike igosipụta mbọ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ike iji wepụ nchegbu ọha na eze. Ụfọdụ òtù Ndị Kraịst kwuru na e nwere nde ndị America iri ise na-etinye aka n'ụdị ofufe ekwensu n'oge ndụ ha.<ref name="Webber Southwest Radio Church (Okla.). 1977 p.">{{Cite book|author=Webber|first=D.F.|title=Bible in the News: A Publication of the Southwest Radio Church|publisher=The Church.|year=1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iureAAAAMAAJ&q=fifty+million+devil+worship+america|accessdate=2023-10-07}}</ref> Ihe atụ ọzọ nke ịkpa ókè okpukpe na agbụrụ metụtara echiche ekwensu nke Cohen ga-abụ Islamophobia, ịkpa ókè nke [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Alakụba]] na ndị a na-ewere dị ka ndị Middle East. Mmeghachi omume post-[[Mwakpo September 11|9/11]] site na mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na-ewere ndị Alakụba dị ka ndị na-eme ihe ike, ndị kpọrọ asị, na ndị nwere echiche siri ike. E gosipụtara otu ahụ dị ka ihe iyi egwu maka udo na nchekwa ọha na eze n'ụwa ọdịda anyanwụ, ma bụrụkwa onye mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, site na mgbasa ozi na ọha mmadụ. A na-akọ na ụfọdụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị ọkachamara, na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-anwa ime ka egwu ahụ meghachi omume site n'igosi ndị transgender dị ka ndị ekwensu nke ọha mmadụ, na-emepụta akụkọ nke na-ese ha dị ka ndị na-emebi mmekọahụ ma na-akpọ ha "ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. " Ọbụna dị ka ebubo dị otú ahụ na-agbagha ma ọ bụ na-akọwa, ọtụtụ steeti ewebata ma ọ bụ tinye iwu na-emegide LGBT dị ka nzaghachi maka egwu ahụ. Iwu ndị a na-atụ aro gụnyere mmachibido iwu maka nlekọta na-ekwusi ike na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị, ihe mgbochi maka ndị na-eme egwuregwu transgender na egwuregwu, ihe achọrọ maka ndị transgender iji ụlọ ịsa ahụ ọha na eze dabere na mmekọahụ ha nyere mgbe a mụrụ ha na ihe mgbochi na mmemme ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Coates|first=Emily|date=2023-08-31|title=Panic: A True American Pastime|url=https://www.pacificoaks.edu/voices/from-the-magazine/panic-a-true-american-pastime/|accessdate=2024-06-14|work=Voices Digital|language=en-US}}</ref> === Columbine === In a 2014 study,{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} Cohen's theory of the moral panic was applied to the media reaction to the Columbine massacre. N'April 20, 1999, Eric Harris na Dylan Klebold, ụmụ akwụkwọ abụọ si Columbine High School na Columbine, Colorado, gara n'ihu na-ịgba égbè nke kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ iri na ise. Akụkọ akụkọ n'ime izu ndị sochiri ọdachi ahụ kpọrọ ndị na-agba égbè ahụ "na-echegbu onwe ha" banyere omenala ndị Goth, ma tụọ aro njikọ dị n'etiti Harris na Klebold na-ekwu na ọ bụ omenala ndị Gothic na omume ime ihe ike ha. Na mgbalị ha iji mee ka ihe ọmụma banyere ịgba égbè Columbine, ndị nta akụkọ na ndị ọzọ na-akọwa mgbasa ozi jikọtara ndị Goth na iyi ọha egwu, Charles na Marilyn Manson, imerụ onwe onye, ijide ndị mmadụ, omenala ndị òtù, òtù Waco, bọmbụ Oklahoma City, Satanism, igbu ọchụ, mkpocha agbụrụ na [[Kosovo]], igbu onwe, ịntanetị, [[Egwuregwu vidiyo|Egwuregwu vidio]], egwu akpụ, oke ọcha na [[Adolf Hitler]]. Ihe omume akụkọ ABC 20/20 gosipụtara ihe pụrụ iche akpọrọ "The Goth Phenomenon" nke ọ kwadoro nkwupụta na ndị na-agba égbè jupụtara na omenala ndị Goth, ma tụọ aro na ndị mmadụ nke omenala Gothic ga-ata ụta maka ọrụ igbu ọchụ n'oge gara aga. Mmegide na iwe iwe n'ihi omenala ndị Goth a na-eche na ọ bụ 'ajọ' gbasaa n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ. A na-akọwa ndị Goth na mgbasa ozi dị ka ndị na-eme ka ihe ike ma ọ bụ ndị na-akwado ime ihe ike na-eyi uwe ojii. Ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gafee United States machibidoro uwe ojii na uwe ndị ọzọ a na-eche na ha nwere njikọ na omenala Goth. Ụfọdụ ngalaba ndị uwe ojii na United States kpọrọ omenala Gothic dị ka "nke dabeere n'òtù", na dị ka ihe kwesịrị ịbụ "nledo ndị uwe ojii". Site n'oge a na-agba égbè na Columbine ruo n'afọ 2003, e nwere akụkọ banyere ndị mmadụ na-eme ihe a hụrụ dị ka uwe Gothic na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ, na-etinye tiketi ma jide ha. N'afọ 2002, Onye nnọchi anya US Sam Graves mere ka e nye Blue Springs, Missouri US $ 273,000 iji lụso "ihe egwu Gothic ọhụrụ ọgụ. " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pitch.com/kansascity/black-hole/Content?oid=2173559|title=Black Hole|work=[[The Pitch (newspaper)|The Pitch]]|date=June 3, 2004|accessdate=10 August 2015|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907205949/http://www.pitch.com/kansascity/black-hole/Content?oid=2173559|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/9322#.VchJUUseSRU|title=The Cure for bad behaviour?|work=[[Spiked (magazine)|Spiked]]|date=April 29, 2002|accessdate=10 August 2015|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907013410/http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/9322#.VchJUUseSRU}}</ref> Mmeghachi omume megide subculture goth mgbe Columbine shooting na-adọta ọtụtụ ihe yiri nyocha Stanley Cohen na mods na rockers, subcultures abụọ ndị ntorobịa ndị ọzọ mere ka ndị ekwensu site na ọha mmadụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, e gosipụtara ìgwè ndị ahụ n'otu ihe oyiyi dị iche, nke a na-eme ka ọ daa mbà, nke a chụpụrụ, nke a napụrụ àgwà mgbapụta ọ bụla, ma boo ha ụta maka mmejọ na ọha mmadụ. == Hụkwa == == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lkb0pmes436i7o5bnwau0zrdcag6uek 0 56710 727851 721822 2026-09-25T07:08:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Jasmila Žbanić|image=Jasmila Zbanic KVIFF.jpg|caption=Žbanić in 2010|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1974|12|19|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Sarajevo]], [[SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]], SFR Yugoslavia|occupation={{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|producer}}|yearsactive=1998–present|spouse=Damir Ibrahimović|children=1}} Jasmila Žbanić (bsbs [jasmǐla ʒbǎːnitɕ];akpa na 19 Disemba 1974) bụ onye ihe nkiri nkiri Bosnian, onye edemede na onye na-ahụ ihe.  bsƆ natala ọtụtụ otuto, nhọpụta pụta maka Academy Award na BAFTA Awards.  Žbanić enwetala Golden Bear na Berlin Film Festival ma họpụta maka Golden Lion na Venice Film Festival. A mara ya maka ide ma duzie ihe nkiri agha nke 2020 Quo Vadis, Aida?Ọ̀ Bụ Vadis, Aida?, nke mere ka a họpụta ya maka onyinye Academy maka ihe nkiri nkiri mba ọzọ kacha mma, ngosi BAFTA maka ihe nkiri kacha mma na- akwụkwọ n'asụsụ Bekee na onyinye BAFTA nke kacha mma.. == Oge ọ malitere == A match Žbanić na Sarajevo na 19 Disemba 1974 n'ihe Bosniak.  Žbanić gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'Ika ahụ tupu ọ gaa Academy of Performing Arts na Sarajevo, ebe ọ akara akara akara.[1]  Ọ dị ọrụ nwa oge na United States dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Vermont-based Bread and Puppet Theater na dị ka onye clown na ụlọ ọrụ Lee De Long.  N'afọ 1997, o sere otu ndị na-ese ihe "Deblokada" wee malite ime ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri dị njọ..   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Jzbanic.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Žbanić na Sarajevo Film Festival na 2007]] Mgbe ọ la mfe Bosnia na Herzegovina, o òtù òtù ndị na-ese ihe "Deblokada" (nke "de-blocking".) [1] Site na Deblokada, Žbanić dere ma ọtụtụ ihe ngosi, ihe osise vidio, na ihe nkiri dị ike.  A hụla ọrụ gburugburu ụwa, igodo ya na mmemme ihe nkiri ma ya n'ihe ngosi dịka Manifesta 3 na Slovenia na 2000, Kunsthalle Fridericianum na Kassel na 2004, na Istanbul Biennale na 2003.[1]  ọnụ ahụ, o meela ihe nkiri ndị a nabatara nke ọma. Ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 2006 bụ Grbavica, meri Golden Bear na 56th Berlin International Film Festival, [1] Grand Jury Prize na International Feature Competition Festival na 2006, e mere ihe nrite European Best Film na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Europe kacha mma na 2006. [2] Ihe nkiri ya nke 2010 na-egosi na ihe nkiri nke Europe kacha mma na 2006.  eto bi na Sarajevo, egwu na 60th Berlin International Film Festival. <ref name="Today's Zaman">{{Cite news|title='Na Putu': a sublime film of compassion by Jasmila Zbanic|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action;jsessionid=B7D252A34E560D336AC546E996640000?newsId=207049|work=Today's Zaman|accessdate=25 March 2012|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222200704/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action%3Bjsessionid%3DB7D252A34E560D336AC546E996640000?newsId=207049|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/world/news/e3ia2f06c2856f58e40c10467f764372a0c|title=Hollywood Reporter: Berlin festival unveils full lineup|accessdate=7 February 2010|work=hollywoodreporter.com|archive-date=5 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205194343/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/world/news/e3ia2f06c2856f58e40c10467f764372a0c|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ihe nkiri agha nke Žbanić nke afọ 2020 Quo Vadis, Aida?  Award Audience Award na 50th International Film Festival Rotterdam, Best International Film Award na 2021 Gothenburg Film Festival, [1] see na 77th Venice International Film Festival [2] ma merie Best International Film Awards na 36th Independent Spirit Awards.  Ọzọkwa, na Machị 2021, ihe nkiri nkiri ahụ maka Best Film Not in the English Language na Žbanić ihe maka Best Director na 74th British Academy Film Awards .  [4] Na 15 Machị 2021, ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Žbanić maka Best International Feature Film na 93rd Academy Awards.  [5] Na 34th European Film Awards nke emere na Disemba 2021, Quo Vadis, Aida?  meri Ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha mma.  [6] Ọzọkwa, Žbanić meri Onyinye maka Onye nduzi kacha mma na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jasna Đuričić meri Ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'otu onunu ahụ..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu|title=European Film Awards|work=europeanfilmawards.eu|date=11 December 2021|accessdate=12 December 2021}}</ref> == Isiokwu na ihe odide == Žbanić ihe na ihe nkiri ya na-emetụta ndị Bosnia na Herzegovina.  Ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-eji ihe nkiri ihe nkiri na nsogbu na-ekwu ndụ ya.  [1] Žbanić na-agba mbọ ihe odide ndị na- foto "ọcha na ọcha", dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ezie echiche ndị dị mfe.[1]  Ọ naghị enwe ndị senti na ndị dike siri ike, mana ndị nwere ike ike ma nwee obi ike ma na-anabata ihe.[1]  N'afọ 2017, Žbanić bịanyere [[Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu|aka na njem maka ndị Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia Ndị Montenegro]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Derk|first=Denis|title=Donosi se Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku Hrvata, Srba, Bošnjaka i Crnogoraca|language=Serbo-Croatian|url=http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142|pages=6–7|date=28 March 2017|archivedate=20 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920235101/https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142|accessdate=5 June 2019}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Onye nduzi !Onye edemede !Onye na-emepụta ya !Tomato rere ure !Ihe Ndị Na-egosi Ihe Ndị Dị Oké Mkpa |- |- |1995 |''Akụkọ ndụ''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- |1997 |''Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme ihe ọchị''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- | rowspan="2" |1998 |''Noć je, my sketlimo''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}} | | |- |''Ljubav m...''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- |2000 |''Ụgbọ ala rọba uhie''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}} | | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''Sjećaš li na Sarajeva''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- |''Foto ndị si na Corner''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- |2004 |''Ụbọchị ọmụmụ''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- |2006 |''Grbavica''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} |98%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/grbavica|title=Grbavica|date=2006|publisher=rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=8 March 2021}}</ref> |71%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/grbavica-the-land-of-my-dreams|title=Grbavica|date=2007|publisher=metacritic.com|accessdate=8 March 2021}}</ref> |- |2010 |''N'Ụzọ''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- |2013 |''Maka Ndị Na-enweghị Ike Ịkọ Akụkọ''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}} | | |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Otu Ụbọchị Na Sarajevo''|{{yes}}|{{no}}|{{yes}} | | |- |''Àgwàetiti Ịhụnanya''|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{no}} | | |- |2017 |''Ụmụ nwoke anaghị akwa ákwá''|{{no}}|{{no}} |{{yes}} | | |- |2020 |''Ọ̀ Bụ Vadis, Aida?''|{{yes}}|{{yes}} |{{yes}} |100%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/quo_vadis_aida|title=Quo Vadis, Aida?|date=2020|publisher=rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=8 March 2021}}</ref> |97%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/quo-vadis-aida|title=Quo Vadis, Aida?|date=2021|publisher=metacritic.com|accessdate=8 March 2021}}</ref> |} === Telivishọn === == Onyinye == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Njikọ !Ụdị !Ọrụ !Nsonaazụ !Ref. |- |1998 |Emume Ihe nkiri Sarajevo |Ihe nrite pụrụ iche |''Noć je, my sketlimo''|{{Won}} | rowspan="17" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1120092/awards?ref_=nm_awd|title=Jasmila Žbanić awards|accessdate=10 February 2021|language=en|work=IMDb}}</ref> |- |2003 |ZagrebDox |Nnukwu stampụ |''Foto ndị si na Corner''|{{Won}} |- | rowspan="4" |2006 | rowspan="3" |Emume Ihe nkiri Mba Nile nke Berlin |Anụ bear ọlaedo | rowspan="4" |''Grbavica''|{{Won}} |- |Ihe nrite nke Ndịikpe Jikọrọ Aka|{{Won}} |- |Ihe nrite Peace Film|{{Won}} |- |Emume Ihe nkiri Sarajevo |Ihe nrite Ivica Matić|{{Won}} |- |2010 |Emume Ihe nkiri Mba Nile nke Berlin |Anụ bear ọlaedo |''N'Ụzọ''|{{Nom}} |- |2020 |Venice International Film Festival |Ọdụm Ọlaedo | rowspan="10" |''Ọ̀ Bụ Vadis, Aida?''|{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="9" |2021 |Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Rotterdam |Ihe nrite nke ndị na-ege ntị|{{Won}} |- |Emume ihe nkiri Gothenburg |Ihe nrite nke ihe nkiri mba ụwa kacha mma|{{Won}} |- |Onyinye Mmụọ Onwe Ya |Ihe nkiri mba ụwa kacha mma|{{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |Ihe nrite British Academy Film |Onye nduzi kacha mma|{{Nom}} |- |Ihe nkiri kacha mma Ọ bụghị n'asụsụ Bekee|{{Nom}} |- |Ihe nrite Academy nke 93 |Ihe nkiri mba ụwa kacha mma|{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |Ihe nrite European Film Awards |Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma|{{Won}} |- |Onye nduzi kacha mma|{{Won}} |- |Onye edemede kacha mma|{{Nom}} |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|1120092|Jasmila Žbanić}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070202012632/http://www.danas.org/programi/magazin/jut27/2004/04/20040418071051.asp 2004 Ajụjụ ọnụ na Žbanić] (n'asụsụ Bosnian) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị bịanyere aka na Nkwupụta N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu]] cn1mnx3xtb20rc3c60zt2rgt98lpo6u 0 56967 727792 721632 2026-09-25T02:28:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727792 wikitext text/x-wiki Ndị Igede bụ agbụrụ Naijiria[1] na steeti Benue nke Naijiria.[2] Ha bụ ndị ọchịchị ime obodo Oju na Obi dị na Benue State, Nigeria, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 2006 ruru ihe dị ka mmadụ 267,198.[3] Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ndị Igede gbasasịrị na steeti ahụ na mba niile. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-asụkwa asụsụ Igede na steeti Cross River nke Nigeria, na ọtụtụ obodo Igede dị na steeti Osun na steeti Ogun[4]. Asụsụ Igede bụ otu n’ime obere otu Benue-Congo nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Niger-Congo. == Ebe ala dị == E mepụtara Oju Local Government Area na 1976 ma nwee ókèala na Obi, Ado, Konshisha na Gwer East Local Government Areas nke Benue State, Ebonyi na Izzi Local Government Arees nke Ebonyi State, na Yala Local Government Area nke Cross River State. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Oju Town . <ref>{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust-sunday/20140302/282157879169288|accessdate=2022-05-24}}</ref> E guzobere [[Obi, Nigeria|Obodo Obi]] na 1996 ma nwee isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na Obarike-Ito. Mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo nwetara aha ya site na iyi Obi nke na-asọba n'ógbè ahụ ma soro Ado, [[Otukpo]] na Oju nwee ókèala nke Benue State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obi Local Government Area|url=https://www.idomaland.org/obi-local-government-area|accessdate=2022-05-24|work=IdomaLand|date=31 December 2011|language=en|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601000904/https://www.idomaland.org/obi-local-government-area|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Mmalite: Omenala ọnụ === Ndị Igede malitere na Sabon Gida Ora na steeti Edo nke oge a. A na-ekwu na ha bụ ụmụ Agba, onye isi dị elu na Sabon Gida Ora. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị Igede na ụmụ amaala Ora mere ka ha si n'ógbè ahụ kwaga na steeti Benue nke oge a site na Nsukka na steeti Enugu. A na-akọkarị ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme a n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Igede n'abụ na ihe nkiri, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ndekọ na ihe nkiri "Ego ny'Igede". === Mmalite: Ihe ndekọ echekwara === Ihe ndekọ ndị e debere n'ebe ochie na-egosi ha dị ka ndị si n'ógbè Ogoja na-anabatawanye omenala na omume nke Idoma.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ugbem|first=Confort E.|date=2013|title=The Social Relations of Identity Construction and Reconstruction among Ethnic Groups in Benue State, Nigeria|url=http://www.ifra-nigeria.org/publications/ifra-e-papers/ifra-e-papers-108/article/ugbem-confort-e-2013-the-social|journal=IFRA E-papers|accessdate=2016-05-27|archive-date=2016-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717080551/http://www.ifra-nigeria.org/publications/ifra-e-papers/ifra-e-papers-108/article/ugbem-confort-e-2013-the-social|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nchịkwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Igede dabara n'okpuru Benue South senatorial district. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://benue.com.ng/benue-guber-the-dynamics-of-zone-c-politics/|title=Benue Guber & The Dynamics Of Zone C Politics|work=benue.com.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-05-27|archivedate=2015-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716102832/http://benue.com.ng/benue-guber-the-dynamics-of-zone-c-politics/}}</ref> == Omenala Igede == Ndị Igede bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-akụ ọka, cassava, groundnut na yam. Igede bụ ebe a na-eme emume Igede-Agba a ma ama, emume mara mma kwa afọ nke na-eme ka oge owuwe ihe ubi yam pụta ìhè na Septemba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/feature/intriguing-traditional-wedding-rites-of-the-igede-people/99749.html|title=Intriguing traditional wedding rites of the Igede people|author=Ebhota|first=Eseohe|date=2014-03-02|work=[[Daily Trust]]|accessdate=2016-05-27}}</ref> Uwe ọdịnala Igede bụ akara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, oji, na ọcha.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ndị Igede ama ama == * Ode Ojowu, Chief Economic Adviser to President Obasanjo and CEO National Planning Commission <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200511291085.html|title=Nigeria: The Sack of Prof Ode Ojowu|date=2005-11-28|work=allafrica.com|publisher=[[Daily Trust]]|accessdate=2016-05-27}}</ref> * Oga Okwoche, onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya Naijiria na France <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/11/every-radio-station-lagos-refused-hire-bbcs-okwoche/|title=Every radio station in Lagos refused to hire me – BBC's Okwoche|author=Odeh|first=Onche|date=2014-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102070525/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/11/every-radio-station-lagos-refused-hire-bbcs-okwoche/|archivedate=2014-11-02|accessdate=2016-05-27}}</ref> * Peter Okwoche, onye na-elekọta mmemme akụkọ BBC Focus on Africa TV <ref name=":0" /> == Ebemside == tvkkir26imjqrwebyd08lfrt2y660va 0 57517 727760 202884 2026-09-25T00:25:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727760 wikitext text/x-wiki Heba Kotb (Arabic: هبة قطب; amuru Septemba 19, 1967) bu onye Egypt gbaara ama onye na-ahụ maka mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na onye ọbịa nke The Big Talk, ihe ngosi ndụmọdụ gbasara mmekọahụ na-efe efe na Egypt. Onye ọkà mmụta gbasara mmekọahụ nke mbụ nwere ikike na mba ahụ, Kotb na-adabere na usoro ya na nkuzi nke Kor'an, nke ọ na-ekwu na-agba ume inwe mmekọrịta dị mma n'etiti di na nwunye.[1] A kpọwo ya: “Dọkịta Rut nke Ijipt. "<ref name="cnn">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/04/25/muslim.sextalk/index.html|title=Egypt's 'Dr. Ruth': Let's talk sex in the Arab world|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=2007-04-26|author=Aneesh Raman).|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya n'Ijipt, Kotb tolitere na-achọ ịbụ dọkịta na-awa ahụ.<ref name="cnn"/> O nwere ụmụ atọ. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na Mahadum Cairo, na-ede edemede nke isiokwu ya bụ "Mmetụta ọgwụ na-ebute ọrịa na ụmụaka ndị e metọrọ mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị."[1] Ka ọ na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ọ chọpụtara na o nwechaghị echiche banyere mmekọahụ nkịtị.[2] N'ihi nke a, ọ malitere nyocha isiokwu ahụ, mechaa hụ akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-ekwu maka mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị dị n'etiti di na nwunye nke ọ hụrụ ka ọ na-ekwu maka ikike nke nwanyị ahụ. N'ime ahụmahụ ahụ, ọ sịrị:   N'afọ 2002, ọ malitere ide edemede ndụmọdụ mmekọahụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Cairo. Ọ na-enyekwa ọgwụgwọ mmekọahụ maka ndị ọrịa nwoke na ndị nwanyị na ụlọ ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ mmekọahụ nke Islam na Cairo, ma site na 2017 ebipụtala akwụkwọ anọ gbasara mmekọrịta mmekọahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/06/world/middleeast/06dubai.html|title=Challenging Sex Taboos, with Help from the Koran|work=The New York Times|date=5 June 2009|author=Worth|first=Robert F.}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/muslim-women-guardian-wants-teach-you-about-your-sex-lives-998362|title=Muslim Women - The Guardian Wants to Teach You About Sex|date=17 July 2017|work=Al Bawaba}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule 2021, o nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ na-eso ụzọ na ibe Facebook ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-lgbt-conversion-idUSKCN2DF0S9|title=LGBT+ conversion therapy: banned on Facebook, but thriving in Arabic|date=3 June 2021|publisher=Reuters|author=Avi Asher Schapiro, Maya Gebeily}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa osote prọfesọ nke nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ na Mahadum America nke Cairo . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vocativ.com/399973/secret-online-dating-scene-egypt/|title=The Secret Online Dating Scene In Socially Conservative Egypt|date=9 February 2017|author=Miriam Berger|work=Vocativ|accessdate=14 March 2025|archivedate=15 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415010945/https://www.vocativ.com/399973/secret-online-dating-scene-egypt/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://egyptindependent.com/cold-turkey-food-addicts-overeating-impossible-quit/|title=Cold turkey: For food addicts, overeating is impossible to quit|date=26 September 2012|author=Sarah ElMeshad|work=Egypt Independent}}</ref> == ''Nnukwu Okwu'' == Ihe ngosi Kotb, The Big Talk, bụ ihe ngosi a na-akpọ kwa izu na Al Mehwar, ọwa satellite nke Ijipt; a na-eziga ihe ngosi ahụ n'ụwa ndị Arab.<ref name="variety">{{Cite web|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117962858.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|title=Femme-led talk shows tackle taboos|date=2007-04-16|author=Jaafar, Ali|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=2025-03-14|archive-date=2007-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227071803/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117962858.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ime ihe ngosi ahụ, ọ na-aza ajụjụ gbasara isiokwu mmekọahụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, gụnyere masturbation (ọ na-emegide ya maka ụmụ nwanyị), Mmekọahụ ọnụ (OK ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ abụọ kwenyere), Ọnọdụ mmekọahụ kachasị mma, ịbanye n'azụ (nke ahụ dị mma), ihe egwuregwu mmekọahụ (dị mma, ma ọ bụrụgodị na ọ nweghị mmerụ ahụ), preeplay, Orgism, erectile dysfunction, ejaculation n'Oge nwanyị (Allah anaghị ekwe ya; ọ bụ, ''haram'' ''haram'' haram haram, ndina n'ike alụmdi na nwunye (ọ na nwunye ya na nwunye ya abụghịkwa), ọ bụ omume ya), ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ nke nwunye (ọ) ọ bụ omume mmekọahụ (ọ na ọ bụ omume nwoke na nwunye ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/10/66/Behind-Bedroom-Doors|title=Behind Bedroom Doors|date=12 September 2013}}</ref> ọ bụ omume nke nwunye ya), ọ bụ omume ezughi oke), [4] ọ na-ekwu na-esi na-eme ya mara ya ikpe (ọ) [3] ọ bụ ọgwụ).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.religion.info/2007/08/06/egypt-sexology-within-the-boundaries-of-islam/|title=Egypt: sexology within the boundaries of Islam|work=Religionscope|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://longreads.trust.org/item/lgbt-conversion-therapy-global-bans|title=Conversion therapy thrives globally as bans gather pace}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maisonneuve.org/article/2009/10/8/muslim-sex/|title=Muslim Sex|date=8 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-UdCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Heba+Kotb%22+%22anal+sex%22&pg=PT187|isbn=9781137539076|title=Media and Political Contestation in the Contemporary Arab World: A Decade of Change|date=26 January 2016|publisher=Springer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjkERo6GCgE|title=Riz Khan - Egyptian Sexologist - 08 May 07|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Kotb na-ekwu na ọ na-anabata ọtụtụ ajụjụ, dịka akụkụ nke arịrịọ ya, ọ kwetara na ọ gaghị ekwurịta banyere mmekọahụ na-abụghị alụmdi na nwunye.<ref name="upi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Quirks/2007/04/26/doctor_airs_sex_talk_in_egypt/|title=Doctor airs sex talk in Egypt|publisher=[[United Press International]]|date=2007-04-26|accessdate=2008-02-29}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ngosi Kotb na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu, ọ dọtara òkè ya nke ndị nkatọ na-agbaso omenala.<ref name="time">{{Cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1716548,00.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228143124/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1716548,00.html|archivedate=February 28, 2008|title=An Islamic Answer to Dr. Ruth|date=2008-02-22|accessdate=2008-02-29|author=Radwan, Amany|work=[[Time Magazine]]}}</ref> Sheik Youssef al-Badri, onye ụkọchukwu na-agbaso omenala nke a maara maka nkwado ya maka [[Ibe nwaanyị ugwu|ibi úgwù ụmụ nwanyị]], akatọọla ihe ngosi ya maka "ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme omume rụrụ arụ". <ref name="al-Badri bbc">{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/42914.stm|title=Egyptian ban on female circumcision upheld|date=1997-12-28|accessdate=2008-02-29|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><nowiki>[ing]</nowiki><ref name="salon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2007/06/06/kotb/|work=Salon|title=Sex and the married Muslim|date=2007-06-06|accessdate=2008-02-28|author=Clark-Flory, Tracy}}</ref> A na-akpọ ya: "Dọkịta Ijipt Ruth," iji ya tụnyere onye na-agwọ ọrịa mmekọahụ na onye edemede German-American Ruth Westheimer.<ref name="cnn"/> == Nkwenkwe banyere mmekọahụ == Kotb kwuru na Al-Baqara ("Nkịta"), ''surah'' (isi) kachasị ogologo nke kor'an, dị ka ihe mkpali ya maka ịghọta mmekọahụ mmadụ, na-ekwu na ọ na-ekwu maka ndụ kwa ụbọchị nke nwoke na nwanyị ma na-agwa nwoke ka o nye nwunye ya obi ụtọ.<ref name="salon"/><ref name="abcnews">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Story?id=3027905|title='Have More Sex' Says Muslim 'Dr. Ruth'|publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=2007-04-11|accessdate=2008-02-29|author=Dinnick, Wilf}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu na Islam n'ozuzu ya na Qu'ran karịsịa na-ekwe ka mmekọahụ, nakwa na mkparịta ụka banyere isiokwu ahụ anaghị egbochi ya site na okpukpe kama site na ọdịbendị.<ref name="salon" /> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ nguzo a dị ka nke na-emeghe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'Ijipt, nkwenkwe Kotb banyere mmekọahụ na-abụkarị nke na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha nyochaa ahụ ha, o kwukwara na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ụmụ nwanyị na-emetọ onwe ha, na-akụda mmụọ omume ahụ site n'ikwu na "nwanyi ga-anọgide na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ruo mgbe ọ lụrụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye ma site na imetọ onwe ya ọ na-emepụta mmekọahụ ya".<ref name="salon"/> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-agwọ ọrịa mmekọahụ == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] flr5ecz4hmf41zrqai54467lcjdtppk 0 59460 727772 707459 2026-09-25T01:08:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|website={{URL|hollymadison.com}}|image=[[File:Holly Madison (24126137872).jpg|thumb|Holly Madison]]}} '''Holly Madison''' (amuru '''Hollin Sue Cullen''' ; <ref name="Las Vegas Weekly">{{Cite news|author=Katsilometes|first=John|url=http://www.lasvegasweekly.com/news/2009/jun/18/holly/|title=Holly: Dancing with the new star of Peepshow, the woman who plans to be the ultimate Miss Las Vegas|work=[[Las Vegas Weekly]]|accessdate=June 18, 2009}}</ref> Disemba 23, 1979 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 23: Susan Lucci, Finn Wolfhard|url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/12/23/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-23-Susan-Lucci-Finn-Wolfhard/4581671751899/|publisher=[[UPI]]|accessdate=21 December 2023|date=23 December 2022}}</ref> ) bụ omume telivishọn America, nke a kacha mara amara dị ka enyi nwanyị mbụ Hugh Hefner na maka ọdịdị ya na ihe ngosi telivishọn n'ezie ''The Girls Next Door'' . O nwekwara kpakpando na usoro eziokwu nke ya, ''Holly's World'', nke sitere na 2009 ruo 2011. Ọ ewepụtala akwụkwọ abụọ, ''Down the Rabbit Hole'' na 2015, banyere ndụ ya na Playboy Mansion na mmekọrịta ya na Hefner, na ''The Vegas Diaries: Romance, Rolling the Dice, and the Road to Reinvention'' in 2016. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Cowles|first=Gregory|date=July 2, 2015|title=Inside the List|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/books/review/inside-the-list.html|accessdate=December 9, 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Madison Hollin Sue Cullen <ref name="Las Vegas Weekly"/> na Astoria, Oregon . <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.hollymadison.com/biography|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426041131/http://www.hollymadison.com/biography|archivedate=April 26, 2012|accessdate=September 28, 2007|publisher=HollyMadison.com (official site)}}</ref> <ref name="Las Vegas Weekly" /> Mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Craig, Alaska, na Prince of Wales Island . <ref name="spacecadetz-interview" /> Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ezinụlọ ya laghachiri na St. Helens, Oregon . O mechara gaa Mahadum Portland State afọ abụọ, na-eme ihe nkiri na akparamaagwa. <ref name="spacecadetz-interview">{{Cite web|url=http://spacecadetz.com/2006/09/11/interview-holly-madison|title=Interview: Holly Madison!!!|publisher=Spacecadetz.com|accessdate=August 16, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427222143/http://spacecadetz.com/2006/09/11/interview-holly-madison|archivedate=April 27, 2009}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Madison kwagara Los Angeles wee gaa Mahadum Loyola Marymount . <ref name="Bio" /> Iji nweta ego nkuzi mahadum ya, Madison meriri ịghọ ihe nlereanya Hawaiian Tropic wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-echere na Hooters . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Down the Rabbit Hole: Curious Adventures and Cautionary Tales of a Former Playboy Bunny|url=https://archive.org/details/downrabbitholecu0000madi|author=Madison|first=Holly|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2015|isbn=978-0-06-237210-9|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/downrabbitholecu0000madi/page/19 19]}}</ref> Ọdịdị ya n'ebe ndị ahụ mere ka a kpọọ òkù na Playboy Mansion na, mgbe ọ dị afọ 21, mgbe ihe karịrị otu afọ nke nleta ndị dị otú ahụ gasịrị, Madison rịọrọ ikike n'aka Hugh Hefner ma mesịa kwe ka ọ bata n'ụlọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Down the Rabbit Hole: Curious Adventures and Cautionary Tales of a Former Playboy Bunny|url=https://archive.org/details/downrabbitholecu0000madi|author=Madison|first=Holly|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2015|isbn=978-0-06-237210-9|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/downrabbitholecu0000madi/page/42 42]–43}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Mmekọrịta ya na Hugh Hefner na Playboy === N'ịche ụgwọ ụgwọ kaadị kredit na enweghị ebe obibi, n'August 2001, Madison kwagara na Playboy Mansion wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị enyi nwanyị Hugh Hefner . Hefner na-achịkwa ego ya, manye usoro siri ike na oge ị na-alọta, ma gọnarị ohere ya iji nweta ego n'èzí ụlọ ahụ. <ref name="Down the Rabbit Hole">{{Cite book|author=Madison|first=Holly|title=Down the Rabbit Hole|url=https://archive.org/details/downrabbitholecu0000holl|date=2015|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0062372116|pages=385}}</ref> Na February 2002, mgbe niile ma abụọ n'ime enyi ya nwanyị hapụrụ, Madison ghọrọ ya "#1 Girl". <ref name="Bio"/> N'oge ya na Hefner, Madison kwuru na ya chọrọ ịlụ ya ma mụọ ụmụ ya. Otú ọ dị, na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na ''Playmate nke Year'' luncheon na May 2008, Hefner kwuru, sị, "Ahụrụ m Holly n'anya nke ukwuu ma echere m na anyị ga-anọkọ ọnụ n'oge ndụ m niile, ma alụmdi na nwunye abụghị akụkụ nke mgbagwoju anya m. Ọ bụghị ihe nkeonwe; Enwebeghị m obi ụtọ dị ukwuu na alụmdi na nwunye. " <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,355057,00.html|title=Holly Heartbroken: Hef Reveals Why She'll Never Be His Wife|author=www.foxnews.com|accessdate=May 12, 2008|date=May 12, 2008|work=Fox News|archive-date=March 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316055518/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,355057,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ịtụgharị uche n'oge ya na nnukwu ụlọ, Madison kwuru na mmetụta ya maka Hefner bụ ihe kpatara ọrịa Stockholm . <ref name="Down the Rabbit Hole" /> N'October 7, 2008, Madison kwupụtara na mmekọrịta ya na Hefner akwụsịla, mana na ya, Bridget Marquardt na Kendra Wilkinson "ka na-esekọ ihe ọnụ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2008/10/07/holly-to-hugh-hef-off/|title=Holly to Hugh: Hef Off|publisher=[[TMZ.com]]|accessdate=October 7, 2008|date=October 7, 2008}}</ref> Hefner kwadoro nkewa ahụ, na-ekwu, "Ọ bụrụ na Holly na-ekwu na ọ gafeela, echere m na ọ gafeela". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2008-10-08-hefner-breakup_N.htm|title=Hugh Hefner opens up about Holly Madison breakup|author=Lang|first=Derrick J.|date=October 9, 2008|accessdate=October 9, 2008|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> Madison mechara so na ndị egwuregwu egwuregwu mbụ kwuru okwu na docuseries ''Nzuzo Playboy'' . <ref name="Mizoguchi">{{Cite news|url=https://people.com/tv/holly-madison-in-secrets-of-playboy-biggest-bombshells/|title=Holly Madison in 'Secrets of Playboy' : Ex 'Girls Next Door' Star's Biggest Bombshell Claims Against Hugh Hefner|first=Karen|author=Mizoguchi|publisher=People Magazine|date=January 24, 2022|accessdate=August 28, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/jenny-mccarthy-former-playmate-hugh-hefner-strict-playboy-mansion?dicbo=v2-39374a6912173bb0f20c1872ba0d93e7|title=Jenny McCarthy, former Playmate, says Hugh Hefner's 'strict' Playboy Mansion 'was almost like Catholic school'|first=Stephanie|author=Nolasco|publisher=Fox News|date=August 26, 2022|accessdate=August 28, 2022}}</ref> === 2005–2009: ''Ụmụ agbọghọ na-esote ụzọ'' === [[Faịlụ:Holly_Madison_11.jpg|thumb| Madison na enyi nwoke Hugh Hefner na 2008]] ''Ụmụ agbọghọ na-esote ụzọ'' bụ ''E!'' Ihe ngosi ''netwọkụ'' na-eso ndụ Madison na ndị ọzọ na Playboy Mansion. Ọ bụ ezie na Madison abụghị onye Playboy Playmate, ''Playboy'' bipụtara foto ịgba ọtọ nke Madison na ya ''The Girls Next Door'' costars na November 2005 mbipụta. E gosipụtara ndị inyom ahụ ọzọ na mkpuchi nke mbipụta Septemba 2006, Maachị 2008, na nke February 2009. N'ime oge atọ na anọ, egosiri Madison ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Playboy dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ na mgbe e mesịrị onye nchịkọta foto nke obere. O nyekwara aka chepụta ma tinye kalenda ''The Girls Next Door'' . Na February 2009, na njedebe nke oge nke isii, ọ kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kpamkpam n'ihi na ọ kewapụrụ na Hefner na-eme ka ọnọdụ ya bụrụ "ihe na-adịghị mma". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/hwood_party_girl/b82524_holly_madison_quits_awkward_job_playboy.html|title=Holly Madison Quits "Awkward" Job at Playboy|author=Gibson|first=Cristina|date=February 5, 2009|publisher=E! Online|accessdate=February 5, 2009}}</ref> === Mgbe ''ụmụ agbọghọ na-esote ụzọ'' === A họọrọ Madison ka ọ dochie Jewel na oge 8 nke ''Ịgba egwu na Stars'' ma soro Dmitry Chaplin na-arụkọ ọrụ. A họpụtara ya na Chaplin na mkpochapụ abụọ, n'ikpeazụ tinye 11th. Na May 2009, Madison na Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman duuru ihe ndekọ Guinness World Record - na-agbaji "mmemme bikini kachasị ukwuu mgbe ọ bụla". Dị ka ''Las Vegas Sun'' si kwuo, "Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye bụbu ụlọ Playboy na-ejikọta aka iji webata oge mmiri mmiri nke oge okpomọkụ nke obodo ..." na ihe omume nke dabara na 50th ncheta nke Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas ịrịba ama .<ref name="bikini">[http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/may/14/las-vegas-mayor-goodman-teams-holly-madison-bikini/ Arseniuk, Melissa "Goodman, Holly Madison welcome summer, set bikini record"], ''[[Las Vegas Sun]]'', May 14, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2013.</ref> Ndị sonyere 281 parade mebiri ndekọ mbụ nke 250. <ref name="bikini" /> Ihe omume na Cayman Islands (331), na Brisbane, Australia (357) kpuchiri akara ahụ.<ref name="USA">[http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/dispatches/post/2012/03/bikini-parade-in-panama-city-beach-sets-a-world-record/641961/1 Yancey, Kitty Bean, "Bikini parade in Panama City Beach sets a world record"], ''[[USA Today]]'', March 3, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2013.</ref> ==== 2009–2012: ''Peephow'' ==== Madison gbara egwu na ihe nkiri burlesque ''Peepshow'' na Planet Hollywood na Las Vegas. Akpọbatara ya ka ọ nọchie Kelly Monaco mgbe nkwekọrịta ọnwa atọ Monaco kwụsịrị. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20279149,00.html|work=People|publisher=Time Inc.|title=Holly Madison to Replace Kelly Monaco in Sexy Vegas Show|author=Gray|first=Mark|date=May 14, 2009|accessdate=August 21, 2009|archive-date=October 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016141328/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20279149,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, Madison bịanyere aka na mbụ na nkwekọrịta ọnwa atọ, mana n'ihi ihe ịga nke ọma nke ihe ngosi ahụ, e mechara gbasaa ya ruo otu afọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/sep/08/holly-madison-continue-peepshow/|title=Holly Madison to continue in 'Peepshow'|author=Arseniuk|first=Melissa|date=September 8, 2009|publisher=Las Vegas Sun|accessdate=December 7, 2009}}</ref> ==== 2009–2011: ''Ụwa Holly'' ==== Madison gbara egwu na ihe ngosi eziokwu nke ya, ''Holly's World'', <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/holly-madison-gets-her-own-reality-show-2010151|title=Holly Madison Gets Her Own Reality Show|publisher=UsMagazine.com}}</ref> nke gbadoro ụkwụ na ndụ ya na Planet Hollywood na Las Vegas. "Ihe niile dị mma ma ọ pụtaghị dị ka ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ," Madison kwuru banyere ihe ngosi ya. "Enwere m obi ụtọ maka usoro ọhụrụ a n'ihi na m na-enwetakwa otuto nke onye na-emepụta ihe ziri ezi maka ọrụ niile m na-arụ n'azụ igwefoto. Ọ bụghị ihe efu efu. Enwere m obi ụtọ nke ukwuu ịmụta ihe site na ihe kacha mma ma buru ibu ọrụ ọhụrụ. " <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/2009/09/25/2009-09-25_playboy_bunnies.html|title=Playboy bunny, Holly Madison, set to start filming her own Reality TV show "Planet Holly"|author=Chernikoff|first=Leah|date=September 24, 2009|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=September 26, 2009}}</ref> Ihe ngosi a malitere na Disemba 6, 2009, wee gbaa ọsọ maka oge abụọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/reality-tv-sets-in-for-holly-madison-70780032.html|title=NORM: Reality TV sets in for Holly Madison|author=Clarke|first=Norm|date=November 22, 2009|publisher=Las Vegas Review-Journal|accessdate=November 23, 2009}}</ref> ==== 2022: ''Nzuzo nke Playboy'' ==== Na 2021, Madison keere òkè na N'ajụjụ ọnụ ụfọdụ akụkụ gbara ọchịchịrị nke ndụ Playboy, dị ka ekpughere n'ihu na 2022 na usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ A&amp;amp;E ''Secrets of Playboy'' . <ref name="CNN-Holly-20211209">{{Cite news|author=Respers France|first=Lisa|date=9 December 2021|title=Holly Madison and others explore the dark side of the Playboy lifestyle|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/12/08/entertainment/holly-madison-playboy-secrets/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=15 December 2021}}</ref> Madison bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi nke abụọ nke ewepụtara na Jenụwarị 2022. <ref name="Mizoguchi"/> Ọ kọwara, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, Playboy Mansion dị ka "dị ize ndụ" na "dị nnọọ òtù nzuzo" ma boro Hefner ebubo na ọ na-emegharị ya iji kwalite ọrụ ya na ọbụna na-anwa ịnye qualudes ya n'oge mbụ ha nwere mmekọahụ n'oge okpomọkụ nke 2001. <ref name="Mizoguchi" /> O kwukwara na mmanya na-egbukarị ya n'oge mmekọrịta ha na Hefner na-enwekarị foto ya na ndị enyi ya nwanyị ndị ọzọ mgbe ha gba ọtọ mgbe ha nwụsịrị. <ref name="Mizoguchi" /> Madison boro ebubo na nke a nyeere ya aka iji blackmail mee ka mmekọrịta ha dịgide. <ref name="Mizoguchi" /> Ọ kwadokwara ebubo mbụ ya na ya nwere ọrịa Stockholm n'oge mmekọrịta ya na Hefner, na-ekwu na "Echere m na m hụrụ Hef n'anya mana ọ bụ ọrịa Stockholm, nnukwu ọrịa Stockholm." <ref name="Mizoguchi" /> === Mbipụta === Na 2015, Madison wepụtara ya memoir ''Down the Rabbit Hole: Cuious Adventures and Cautionary Tales of a Former Playboy Bunny'' . Akwụkwọ ahụ kọwara ndụ ya na Playboy Mansion na mmalite mgbake ya ma emesịa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lee|first=Esther|title=Holly Madison's Memoir "Lifts the Veil" on Days Inside the Playboy Mansion|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/holly-madisons-memoir-lifts-the-veil-on-playboy-mansion-past-cover-2015193|work=US Weekly|date=March 19, 2015|accessdate=July 23, 2015|quote=I'm excited to finally share my story and what I've learned from my personal experiences both inside and outside of the Playboy Mansion... I think my stories will surprise people and I'm looking forward to lifting the veil of mystique and clearing up the misconceptions so often associated with my life.}}</ref> O boro ya ebubo, tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, na gburugburu ebe o nwetara mgbe ọ nọ na nnukwu ụlọ bụ "ụwa gbagọrọ agbagọ" nke mere ka a nwaa ya igbu onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://people.com/celebrity/holly-madison-talks-suicidal-thoughts-at-playboy-mansion-in-new-memoir/|title=Holly Madison: I Wanted to Kill Myself at the Playboy Mansion|publisher=People|date=2015-06-10|accessdate=2024-02-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|first=Eva|author=Wiseman|title='I had to play mind games to survive': Crystal Hefner on life in the Playboy Mansion|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2024/jan/28/crystal-hefner-interview-playboy-mansion-hugh-hefner-wife-only-say-good-things|accessdate=February 3, 2024|work=The Guardian|date=January 28, 2024}}</ref> Na May 2016, Madison wepụtara ya nke abụọ memoir, ''The Vegas Diaries: Romance, Rolling the Dice and the Road to Reinvention'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Archipelago|first=World|title=The Vegas Diaries – Holly Madison – Hardcover|url=https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062457042/the-vegas-diaries|accessdate=April 26, 2016|work=HarperCollins US}}</ref> nke mekwara na ''New York Times'' Best Seller ndepụta. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/celebrities/|title=Celebrities Books – Best Sellers – The New York Times|work=The New York Times|accessdate=June 17, 2016}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọ banyere njem ya n'ichepụtaghachi na nnabata onwe ya na Las Vegas mara mma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062457059/the-vegas-diaries|title=The Vegas Diaries – Holly Madison – E-book|author=Archipelago|first=World|work=HarperCollins US|accessdate=May 18, 2016}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == [[Faịlụ:Holly_Madison_(8049659654)_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Madison n'afọ 2012]] N'afọ 2009, Madison kwuru, sị, "Anaghị m eme onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Achọghị m nwoke. Enwere m obi ụtọ n'ezie na onwe m na ịnọnyere ndị enyi m ... M na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwagharị ọrụ m. Ana m arụ ọrụ na ịmepụta ihe ngosi nke m. ''Ụmụ agbọghọ na-esote ụzọ'' bụ ebe dị mma ịmalite ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi onye ọzọ. Adị m njikere ịga n'ihu. " <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gray|first=Mark|url=https://people.com/celebrity/holly-madison-is-single-and-staying-that-way/|title=Holly Madison Is Single, and Staying that Way|work=People|date=March 4, 2009|accessdate=October 7, 2010}}</ref> Madison ekwuwo n'ezoghị ọnụ banyere ịwa ahụ ịchọ mma ya, ebe ọ nwechara ma rhinoplasty na mgbatị ara . Mgbe usoro nke ikpeazụ gasịrị, nha bọst ya si na A-cup gaa na D. <ref name="iFit">{{Cite web|url=http://ifitandhealthy.com/holly-madison-plastic-surgery/|title=Holly Madison: Plastic Surgery|date=April 12, 2007|publisher=iFitAndHealthy.com|accessdate=August 16, 2008|archivedate=October 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010071155/http://ifitandhealthy.com/holly-madison-plastic-surgery/}}</ref> Na 2011, Madison kwupụtara na ọ kwadoro ara ya maka $1 nde. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/bodies/breast-insurance-for-holly-madison/|title=Holly Madison Insures Her Breasts for $1 Million|author=Gray|first=Mark|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=September 29, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2011}}</ref> Na August 2012, Madison kwupụtara na ya na Pasquale Rotella, bụ onye ọ malitere ịlụ na 2011, na-atụ anya nwa mbụ ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/holly-madison-is-pregnant-with-her-first-child-2012298/|title=Holly Madison Is Pregnant With Her First Child!|work=Us Weekly|author=Staff|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=February 1, 2019}}</ref> Madison mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị na March 2013, na Las Vegas. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.celebuzz.com/holly-madison/2013/03/04/at-the-hospital/|title=Holly Madison – Celebuzz|accessdate=February 12, 2017|archivedate=May 7, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507004906/http://www.celebuzz.com/holly-madison/2013/03/04/at-the-hospital/}}</ref> Madison na Rotella lụrụ na Disneyland na Septemba 10, 2013, ya na Bridget Marquardt dị ka nwanyị na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ, ma biri na Las Vegas. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Blumm|first=K.C.|url=https://people.com/celebrity/holly-madison-marries-pasquale-rotella/|title=Holly Madison Marries Pasquale Rotella|work=People|date=September 11, 2013|accessdate=September 11, 2013}}</ref> Madison mụrụ nwa ya nke abụọ, nwa nwoke, na August 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Chen|first=Joyce|title=Holly Madison Is Pregnant, Expecting Second Child With Husband Pasquale Rotella|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/holly-madison-is-pregnant-with-her-second-child-w162353/|work=Us Weekly|accessdate=February 3, 2019|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/780273/holly-madison-gives-birth-to-baby-no-2|title=Holly Madison Gives Birth to Baby No. 2|work=E!|first=Corrine|author=Heller|date=August 8, 2016|accessdate=February 3, 2019}}</ref> E kewapụrụ Rotella na Madison ruo Septemba 25, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BoJ2R0oFcDb/|title=It is with love in our hearts and a deep respect for one another that Holly and I have amicably made the decision to separate. First and...|work=Instagram|first=Pasquale|author=Rotella|accessdate=January 9, 2019}}</ref> N’ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2019, a kwụsịrị ịgba alụkwaghịm ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/tv/holly-madison-finalizes-divorce-pasquale-rotella/|title=Holly Madison Finalizes Divorce from Husband Pasquale Rotella After 5 Years of Marriage|author=Stone|first=Natalie|work=People|date=February 26, 2019|accessdate=June 8, 2019}}</ref> Na 2021, Madison kpughere na ya kwenyere na ya nọ na ụdị ụdị autism, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flipboard.com/article/holly-madison-reveals-she-likely-has-asperger-s-syndrome/a-hRWcgOHsRdOrAtuhGZyglQ%3Aa%3A3291032469-88a1459b1e%2Fthe-sun.com|title=Holly Madison reveals she likely has Asperger's syndrome}}</ref> ihe ndị mụrụ ya chere ogologo oge. E mechara chọpụta ya nke ọma, eziokwu ọ gosipụtara mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye ọbịa pụtara na pọdkastị "Ihe dị njọ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/holly-madison-theyre-not-bobbleheads/id1447286743?i=1000593860967|title=Something Was Wrong: &#91;Holly Madison&#93; They're Not Bobbleheads on Apple Podcasts}}</ref> Nchọpụta ahụ mere ka Madison chebara otú mgba ọ na-alụ n'ịmepụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nwere ike isi nye aka na mmekọrịta ya na Hefner. "Echere m n'onwe m na ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe mụ na nwoke ọgbọ m na-emekọrịta ihe, ọ na-esiri m ike ijikọ onye ọ bụla ọgbọ m, ikekwe m dị ka mkpụrụ obi ochie a, ekwesịrị m ịnọnyere ndị agadi." == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" |Ihe nkiri |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Afọ ! Ihe nkiri ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu |- | 1998 | ''Mgbasa ozi ikpeazụ'' | Nwanyị nwanyị Bright Anya | |- | 2006 | ''Ihe nkiri na-atụ egwu 4'' | Blonde # 1 | |- | 2008 | ''Ụlọ Bunny'' | Onwe ya | |- | 2009 | ''The Ịkọ'' | Stephanie | |- | 2015 | ''Sharknado 3: Oh hell mba!'' | Lieutenant Harrison | |- |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" |Television |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2002 |''MTV Cribs'' |Herself |1 episode |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''The Surreal Life'' |Herself |Episode: "The Wedding and Goodbye" |- |''Doggy Fizzle Televizzle'' |Herself |Episode: 4 |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''The Sharon Osbourne Show'' |Herself |1 episode |- |''The Bernie Mac Show'' |Bunny |Episode: "The Talk" |- |''Viva La Bam'' |Herself |Episode: "Drive-Way Skate Park" |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |''Curb Your Enthusiasm'' |Herself |Season 5 Episode 6 – "The Smoking Jacket" |- |''The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch'' |Herself |1 episode |- |2005 |''Entourage'' |Herself |Episode: "Aquamansion" |- |2005–2006 |''The Tyra Banks Show'' |Herself |2 episodes |- |2005–2009 |''The Girls Next Door'' |Herself |(seasons 1–5. 80 episodes) |- | rowspan="5" |2006 |''E! True Hollywood Story'' |Herself |Episode: "Hugh Hefner: Girlfriends, Wives and Centerfolds" |- |''Amazon Fishbowl'' |Herself |1 episode |- |''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson'' |Herself |Uncredited, 2 episodes |- |''Robot Chicken'' |Herself (Voice) |Episode: "Drippy Pony" |- |''The Ellen DeGeneres Show'' |Herself |1 episode |- | rowspan="4" |2007 |''Keeping Up with the Kardashians'' |Herself |Episode: "Birthday Suit" |- |''General Hospital'' |Herself |1 episode |- |''Phenomenon'' |Herself |Episode: Three |- |''Last Call with Carson Daly'' |Herself |1 episode |- | rowspan="4" |2008 |''Today'' |Herself |1 episode |- |''Celebrity Family Feud'' |Herself |Episode: "Vincent Pastore vs. The Girls Next Door" |- |''Living Lohan'' |Herself |Episode: "The Billionaire Babysitters" |- |''Chelsea Lately''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/videos/v32161_Chelsea_Lately_Holly_Madison.html|title=Chelsea Lately: Holly Madison|publisher=eonline.com}}</ref> |Herself |1 episode |- |2009 |''Dancing with the Stars'' |Contestant |(Season 8, eliminated 3rd round) |- |2009–2010 |''Kendra'' |Herself |2 episodes |- |2009–2011 |''Holly's World'' |Herself |(Seasons 1–2. 19 Episodes) |- |2010 |''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' |Hot Blonde |Episodes: "Pool Shark" |- |2010 |''When I Was 17'' |Herself |1 episode |- |2013 |''"Holly Has a Baby"!'' |Herself |E! Special |- |2015 |''Redwood Kings'' |Herself |1 episode |- |2021 |''Ghost Adventures'' |Herself |Guest<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1296888/holly-madison-and-bridget-marquardt-recall-their-ghost-encounters-at-the-playboy-mansion|title=Holly Madison and Bridget Marquardt Recall Their Ghost Encounters at the Playboy Mansion|work=eonline.com|author=Gajewski, Ryan|date=2021-08-05|accessdate=2021-11-10}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Secrets of Playboy'' |Herself |Docu-series; episode 2: "The Girl Next Door" |- |2023-2024 |''The Playboy Murders'' |Herself - Host, also executive producer |(Seasons 1-2. 13 episodes) |- |2024 |''Lethally Blonde'' |Herself - Host, also executive producer |(Season 1. 6 episodes) |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5lrm0mmruclfuzj3wz0fiax9lde935j 0 59497 727814 211154 2026-09-25T04:13:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist|30em}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Abụ m Se-mi</div> |- class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="930" data-file-type="bitmap" data-file-width="817" decoding="async" height="250" resource="./File:Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png/220px-Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png/330px-Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png/440px-Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png 2x" width="220" | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Im_Se-mi_in_November_2023.png|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption"> Anọ m na Nọvemba 2023</div> |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Amụrụ | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">( <span class="bday">1987-05-29</span> )</span> Ọnwa Ise 29, 1987 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">(afọ&nbsp;37)</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline"> [[Seoul]], South Korea</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Agụmakwụkwọ | class="infobox-data" | |} '''Im Se-mi''' ( Korean ; amuru May 29, 1987) bu onye omekorita South Korea. Ọ na-enweta nkwanye ugwu ka ukwuu site na usoro webụ ''The Best of Evil'' na 2023. == Ọrụ == Na 2004, Im mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka ihe nlereanya katalọgụ Ssamzie. Na 2006, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri telivishọn Sharp 2 . N'otu afọ ahụ, mgbe m gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Jinseon Girls' High School, M debanyere aha na Departement of Broadcasting Entertainment na Dongduk Women's University . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Park|first=Mi-ae|url=http://starin.edaily.co.kr/news/NewsRead.edy?newsid=01279206596349944|work=Star In E Daily|language=ko|accessdate=2014-11-17|date=22 August 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Cha|first=Hyo-jin|url=http://www.worldyannews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=3563|work=Worldyan News|language=ko|accessdate=2014-11-17|date=30 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025158/http://www.worldyannews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=3563|archivedate=29 November 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1410048000759826020|work=TV Daily|language=ko|accessdate=2014-11-17|date=7 September 2014|archivedate=2014-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908070944/http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1410048000759826020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-15|url=https://www.hanryutimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=46121|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=한류타임스|language=ko|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2024-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608033655/https://www.hanryutimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=46121}}</ref> Amalitere m inwe nnukwu ọrụ mgbe ọ gbasịrị onye na-eme ihe nkiri na operas ncha abụọ kwa ụbọchị maka afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ''Naanị Ịhụnanya'' (2014) na ''Lovehụnanya na Rooftop'' (2015). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Im Se-Mi in the SBS's series ''Only Love''|url=http://www.hancinema.net/lim-se-mi-in-only-love-68554.html|work=[[Hancinema]]|accessdate=2014-11-17|date=April 24, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nawael|first=Khelil|title=Park Jin Woo To Love Im Se Mi From Today|url=http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=18868|work=BNTNews|accessdate=August 4, 2015|date=March 10, 2015|archivedate=September 23, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923214047/http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=18868}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2019, Im bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ YNK Entertainment ọhụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osen.co.kr/article/G1111068331|title=H임세미, YNK엔터테인먼트와 전속계약 체결..신혜선과 한솥밥 [공식입장]|date=January 21, 2019|work={{ill|Osen (newspaper)|ko|OSEN|lt=OSEN}}}}</ref> Na February 3, 2022, Im bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta pụrụ iche na ụlọ ọrụ Noon, mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na YNK Entertainment agwụla. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=109&aid=0004550118|author=Kang Seo-jeong|publisher={{ill|Osen (newspaper)|ko|OSEN|lt=OSEN}}|date=February 3, 2022|accessdate=February 3, 2022|language=ko}}</ref> Ọrụ Im abawanyela nke ọma mgbe ọ gbanwere ụlọ ọrụ. A tụbara ya na isi ọrụ miniseries mbụ ya na usoro ihe omume mpụ 2023 ''kacha njọ'', dị ka nwunye uwe ojii nke protagonist na ịhụnanya mbụ nke onye isi ọjọọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/144/0000920427|author=Kim Ji-woo|publisher=[[Sports Kyunghyang]]|date=October 23, 2023|language=ko}}</ref> Na 2024 Im gosipụtara ọrụ pụtara ìhè na usoro webụ ọzọ ''The Whirlwind'', onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme ihe nkiri ama ama Sul Kyung-gu na Kim Hee-ae . <ref name="calm">{{Cite web|url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/609/0000871296|author=Bae Hyo-joo|publisher=Newsen|date=July 3, 2024|language=ko}}</ref> Im na-enweta ihe ngosi telivishọn mbụ ya kwa izu na-eduga na egwuregwu 2025 SBS na-abịa, ''Gbalịa: Anyị na-aghọ ọrụ ebube'' . <ref name="try">{{Cite web|url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/468/0001073406|author=Won Seongyoon|publisher=Sports Seoul|date=July 2, 2024|language=ko}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ |- | 2007 | ''Kpakpando okporo ụzọ'' | Ada onyeisi oche Choi |- | 2019 | ''Ego'' | Ye-ji |- | 2022 | ''Teta'' | Hyerin <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=109&aid=0004661846|author=Choi Na-young|publisher={{ill|Osen (newspaper)|ko|OSEN|lt=OSEN}}|date=July 21, 2022|accessdate=July 21, 2022|language=ko}}</ref> |- | 2023 | ''Banyere Nwa m nwanyị'' | Geu-rin (nwa nwanyị) |} === Usoro ihe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2005 |''Sharp 2'' |Im Se-mi | |- |2010 |''Pure Pumpkin Flower'' |Oh Hyo-sun | |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Heartstrings'' |Cha Bo-woon | |- |''Bravo, My Love!'' |Kyung-mi | |- | rowspan="4" |2013 |''That Winter, the Wind Blows'' |Son Mi-ra | |- |''Two Weeks'' |Oh Mi-sook | |- |''KBS Drama Special'' |Yoon Ji-wan |Episode: "Yeon-Woo's Summer" |- |''The King's Daughter, Soo Baek-hyang'' |Queen Eun-hye |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Im Se-Mi becomes a queen in the MBC's series ''King's Daughter, Soo Baek-Hyang''|url=http://www.hancinema.net/lim-se-mi-becomes-a-queen-61088.html|work=[[Hancinema]]|accessdate=2014-11-17|date=October 1, 2013}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Only Love'' |Choi Yoo-ri | |- |''Drama Festival'' |Geum-ji's mother |Episode: "Lump in My Life" |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Great Stories: Young-ja's Best Days'' |Kyung-ah | |- |''Love on a Rooftop'' |Yoon Seung-hye | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Goodbye Mr. Black'' |Cha Ji-soo | |- |''Shopping King Louie'' |Baek Ma-ri | |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Ms. Perfect'' |Jung Na-mi | |- |''Two Cops'' |Ko Bong-sook | |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''About Time'' |Bae Soo-bong |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=201801311554003&sec_id=540201|date=January 31, 2018|work=[[Sports Kyunghyang]]|language=ko}}</ref> |- |''Mr. Sunshine'' |Dong mae's mother |Cameo, Episode 3<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.hankyung.com/article/2018071523604|date=July 5, 2018|work=[[The Korea Economic Daily]] Ilbo|language=ko|accessdate=July 16, 2018|archivedate=July 16, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111703/http://news.hankyung.com/article/2018071523604}}</ref> |- |''My Secret Terrius'' |Yoo Ji-yeon |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/im-se-mi-to-star-in-terius-behind-me-with-so-ji-sub-yoo-in-na-and-son-ho-jun-119292.html|title=Im Se-mi to Star in "Terius Behind Me" With So Ji-sub, Yoo In-na, and Son Ho-jun|date=June 6, 2018|work=[[HanCinema]]|publisher=News1}}</ref> |- |2020 |''When the Weather Is Fine'' |Kim Bo-young | |- |2020–21 |''True Beauty'' |Im Hee-kyeong |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/im-se-mi-to-star-in-true-beauty-as-im-hee-kyeong-144157.html|title=Im Se-mi to Star in "True Beauty" as Im Hee-kyeong|work=[[HanCinema]]}}</ref> |- |2022 |''The Empire'' |Yoon Eun-mi |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&aid=0000489918|author=Park Jung-min|work=Newsen|date=September 17, 2021|accessdate=September 17, 2021|language=ko}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Wonderful World'' |Han Yoo-ri |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kang Seo-jeong|date=June 8, 2023|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=109&aid=0004865713|accessdate=June 8, 2023|publisher={{ill|Osen (newspaper)|ko|OSEN|lt=OSEN}}|language=ko}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |''Try: We Become Miracles'' |Bae Yi-ji |<ref name="try"/> |- |''My Dearest Nemesis'' |Seo Ha-jin |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Saet-byeol|first=Kim|date=July 15, 2024|url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/629/0000304267|accessdate=July 15, 2024|publisher=The Fact|language=ko}}</ref> |} === Usoro webụ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" | Aha ! scope="col" | Ọrụ ! scope="col" | Ihe ndetu ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2022 | ''X nke Nsogbu'' | Nwunye nwunye Mr. A | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=117&aid=0003600814|author=Kang Da-yoon|publisher={{ill|MyDaily|ko|마이데일리}}|date=May 4, 2022|accessdate=May 4, 2022|language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=382&aid=0000987803|author=Choi Yun-na|publisher=Sports Donga|date=June 22, 2022|accessdate=June 22, 2022|language=ko}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2023 | ''Ọrụ Mgbe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ'' | Park Eun-nwata | Akụkụ 1 | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hong Seon-hwa|date=February 7, 2023|url=http://enter.etoday.co.kr/news/view/236889|work=BizEnter|accessdate=March 8, 2023|language=ko|archivedate=March 8, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308035827/http://enter.etoday.co.kr/news/view/236889}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=052&aid=0001723621|author=Kim Seung-hyun|publisher=[[YTN]]|date=April 8, 2022|accessdate=April 8, 2022|language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=477&aid=0000409576|author=Jang Da-hee|publisher=SpoTV News|date=February 7, 2023|accessdate=February 9, 2023|language=ko}}</ref> |- | ''Nke Kacha njọ'' | Yoo Eui-jung | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0001488068|author=Hwang|first=Soo-yeon|publisher=Xports News|date=August 12, 2022|accessdate=October 5, 2022|language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/tv/k-drama-the-worst-of-evil-premiere-date-disney-2023-3322005|author=Gladys Yeo|title=Crime-action K-drama 'The Worst of Evil' to premiere on Disney+ in 2023|work=[[NME]]|date=October 4, 2022|accessdate=October 4, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2024 | ''The Whirlwind'' | Seo Jeong-yeon | | <ref name="calm"/> |} === Ihe ngosi dị iche iche === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2017 | ''Eze onye na-agụ ihe nkpuchi'' | Onye asọmpi dị ka "Nwa nwanyị Hula" (ep.119) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Yoo Ji-Hye|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1110684105|work={{ill|Osen (newspaper)|ko|OSEN|lt=OSEN}}|date=July 9, 2017|accessdate=July 9, 2017|language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hwang So-Young|url=http://news.jtbc.joins.com/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB11492561|work=[[JTBC|JTBC News]]|date=July 9, 2017|accessdate=July 9, 2017|language=ko}}</ref> |} == Ụlọ ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%; padding:0 auto; width:100%; margin:auto" |+Ndepụta egwuregwu (s) ogbo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playdb.co.kr/artistdb/detail.asp?ManNo=29724|accessdate=2024-02-22|work=www.playdb.co.kr|title=Archive copy|archive-date=2024-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913145612/http://www.playdb.co.kr/artistdb/detail.asp?ManNo=29724|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Afọ ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Aha ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Ọrụ ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Ụlọ ihe nkiri ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Ụbọchị ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! Bekee ! Korean |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ onye ohi'' | 도둑놈 다이어리 | Ma He-jin | Sky Theatre 2 (nke bụbu JK Art Hall) | Septemba 12 ruo Disemba 31 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playdb.co.kr/playdb/playdbDetail.asp?sReqPlayno=39723|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=www.playdb.co.kr|title=Archive copy|archive-date=2024-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608032423/http://www.playdb.co.kr/playdb/playdbDetail.asp?sReqPlayno=39723|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013-2014 | rowspan="2" | ''Romance Thursday'' | rowspan="2" | 그와 그녀의 목요일 | rowspan="2" | Jung Yeon-ok (nwata) | Daehakro Cultural Space Feeling 1 | Nọvemba 29 ruo Jenụwarị 19 | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Shin|first=Dong-rip|date=2014-01-23|url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/003/0005633744|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=m.entertain.naver.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | Ụlọ ihe nkiri Suhyeon (DCF Daemyung) Ụlọ ọrụ Omenala 3F | Machị 1 ruo Mee 11 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clipservice.co.kr/Clipservice/CustomerCenter/Newsdetail?num=1100869&page=123|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=www.clipservice.co.kr|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2024-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608032424/https://www.clipservice.co.kr/Clipservice/CustomerCenter/Newsdetail?num=1100869&page=123}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2021 | rowspan="2" | ''Perfetti Sconosciuti'' | rowspan="2" | 완벽한 타인 | rowspan="2" | Bianca | Sejong Center maka ime ihe nkiri M ihe nkiri | Mee 18 ruo Ọgọst 1 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/408/0000120137|work=[[iMBC]]|language=ko|date=April 15, 2021|accessdate=December 3, 2022}}</ref> <ref name="U">{{Cite news|author=Tae Yu-na|url=https://tenasia.hankyung.com/drama/article/2021040952304|work=TenAsia|date=April 9, 2021|accessdate=April 9, 2021|language=ko}}</ref> |- | GS Caltex Yeulmaru Grand Theatre, Yeosu | Ọgọst 13 ruo 14 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ysmbc.co.kr/event/ysmbcevent?eid=a_543hDMsBlZ|accessdate=2024-02-23|work=ysmbc.co.kr|language=ko|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2024-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223003806/https://ysmbc.co.kr/event/ysmbcevent?eid=a_543hDMsBlZ}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2024 | ''Ifuru, Kpakpando Na-agafe'' | 꽃, 별이 지나 | Ji-won | Mahadum Seokyung na-eme Arts Center SKON1 Hall | Juun 8, 2024 - Ọgọst 18, 2024 | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Choi|first=Joo-sung|date=2024-04-22|url=https://n.news.naver.com/article/001/0014644575|accessdate=2024-05-13|work=[[Naver News]]|language=ko}}</ref> |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! Ọrụ ahọpụtara ! Nsonaazụ |- | 2015 | 29th KBS Drama Awards | Onyinye kacha mma, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri kwa ụbọchị | ''Ịhụnanya n'elu ụlọ'' | {{Nom}} |- | 2016 | 35th MBC Drama Awards | Award Acting Golden, Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Miniseries | ''Ịzụ ahịa King Louie'' | {{Won}} |- | 2017 | 36th MBC Drama Awards | Ihe nrite kacha mma, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri Mọnde-Tuesday | ''Ndị uwe ojii abụọ'' | {{Nom}} |- | 2018 | 37th MBC Drama Awards | Ihe nrite kacha mma, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Ministri Wenezdee-Thursday | ''Nzuzo m Terrius'' |{{Nom}} |- | 2024 | 43rd MBC Drama Awards | Onyinye kacha mma, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Miniseries | ''Ụwa magburu onwe ya''|{{Nom}} |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Im Se-mi at HanCinema * {{IMDb name|5877764}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 60bn83uv5vs3bhllseu3t6nw9d1pa2j 0 59793 727902 580214 2026-09-25T10:59:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727902 wikitext text/x-wiki   Juliette Bessis (Arabic: جولييت بسيس) mụrụ na 1925 na Gabesi, Tunisia, ma nwụọ 2017 na Paris, France. Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta Tunisia nke oge a na onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọkachamara na mpaghara Maghreb nke dị n'ebe ugwu Africa. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Juliette Saada na 16 Septemba 1925, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ ndị Juu nọ n'ọkwá dị elu na mpaghara ndịda Tunisia, nke nọ n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị France n'oge ahụ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=How Tunisia’s Women Communists Challenged the Colonial Order|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2021/03/tunisia-communist-party-pct-women-militants/|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=jacobinmag.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> === Oge ọ malitere === Mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Tunisian Communist Party, na-akwalite mgba mgba megide fascist na iguzogide ọrụ German nke Tunisia site na November 1942 ruo May 1943. N'oge ahụ, ọ zutere Aldo Bessis (1918-1969) wee lụọ na 3 February 1944, ma ọ gbanweghị aha nwa ya nwanyị Bephisis..<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0"/> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lycée Armand Fallières (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Lycée de la Rue de Russie) na Tunis na Bessis gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ecole des Hautes Etudes de Tunis, nke mechara bụrụ Mahadum Tunis (nke jikọrọ Sorbonne na Paris), wee nweta akara ugo mmụta bachelor na mmalite 1950s. Na 1956, a họpụtara ya prọfesọ na Khaznadar annex nke Sadiki College. Ọkachamara na akụkọ ihe mere eme Maghreb nke oge a, nyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị fasisti na Mediterenian, otu ndị ahịa Tunisian na Libya nke oge a. O nwetara Ph.D. na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a na Sorbonne . <ref name=":0"/> Bessis bụ onye nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Khaznadar ruo 1962. <ref name=":1" /> === Mgbe Tunisia gasịrị === N'afọ 1962, mgbe ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Tunisia malitere ịchụpụ ndị isi ndị ọrụ ndị Juu, ezinụlọ Bessis hapụrụ Tunisia, buru ụzọ kwaga [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] ebe Aldo sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ United Nations maka nri na ọrụ ugbo (FAO). N'ebe ahụ, Juliette ghọrọ ọkachamara Unesco ma kpọọ ya prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Yaoundé na Ecole normale supérieure, nke bụ akụkụ nke usoro mahadum French. N'afọ 1964, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Addis Ababa, Ethiopia maka ọnwa ole na ole tupu e zigara Aldo Bessis n'isi ụlọ ọrụ FAO na Rom. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Geneva ebe Aldo nwụrụ na 1969. Juliette na ụmụ ya nwanyị mechara kwaga Paris na 1972.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis {{!}} Harissa|url=https://harissa.com/news555/index.php/fr/juliette-bessis-par-sophie-bessis|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=harissa.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://harissa.com/news555/index.php/fr/juliette-bessis-par-sophie-bessis "Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis | Harissa"]. ''harissa.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-14|title=Tunisian Jews Resist Pressure From Israel to Emigrate|url=https://ips-dc.org/tunisian_jews_resist_pressure_from_israel_to_emigrate/|accessdate=2021-04-08|work=Institute for Policy Studies|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131202552/https://ips-dc.org/tunisian_jews_resist_pressure_from_israel_to_emigrate/}}</ref> N'oge ndụ ya niile, Bessis nyochara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Fascist na Mediterenian ma dekọọ ọchịchọ Mussolini iji weghachite, n'okpuru ọchịchị ya, Alaeze Ukwu Rom oge ochie.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=L’historienne Juliette Bessis, nous quitte (Gabès 1925 - Paris, 18 mars 2017)|url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/21898-l-historienne-juliette-bessis-nous-quitte-gabes-1925-paris-18-mars-2017|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=Leaders|language=fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/21898-l-historienne-juliette-bessis-nous-quitte-gabes-1925-paris-18-mars-2017 "L'historienne Juliette Bessis, nous quitte (Gabès 1925 - Paris, 18 mars 2017)"]. ''Leaders'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Nnyocha ya bụ ihe ndabere nke akwụkwọ ya akpọrọ La Méditerranée Fasciste (The Fascist Mediterranean) na-akọwa. Ịtali Mussolini na mmetụta ya na Tunisia tupu na n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]]. <ref name=":1" /> O mechara kụzie na Paris na Institute of Political Studies, nke a na-akpọkarị Sciences Po, na Mahadum Paris-VIII.<ref name=":0"/> === Ọnwụ === Juliette Bessis nwụrụ na 18 Machị 2017 mgbe ọ dị afọ 91 na Paris.<ref name=":1"/> demsibiaN'afọ 2017, nwa ya nwanyị Sophie Bessis kwupụtara na o nyela ọbá akwụkwọ nne na nna ya, nchịkọta akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Tunisia na Maghreb, na National Library of Tunis.<ref>{{Cite news|title=المؤرّخة التّونسيّة صوفي بسّيس تهدي دار الكتب الوطنيّة مكتبة والديها، جوليات وألدو بسّيس|language=ar|url=http://www.bibliotheque.nat.tn/4697/|accessdate=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927084723/http://www.bibliotheque.nat.tn/4697/|archive-date=27 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 July 2017|title=L'historienne Sophie Bessis fait un don de la bibliothèque de ses parents à la Bibliothèque nationale tunisienne|language=fr-MG|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/07/21/sophie-bessis-bibliothequ_n_17550058.html|accessdate=28 May 2018}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == == Edemsibia == hfb6nlhwhtcvjcv5vio49ofjk3xnx4n 0 60070 727737 539389 2026-09-24T22:03:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727737 wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa bụ onye bụbu onye Zambia IBM sistemu engineer onye bụbu African Development Bank ICT Infrastructure and Operations Division Manager na agụmakwụkwọ, onye na-eje ozi dị ka osote Chancellor nke Victoria Falls University of Technology (VFU), ụlọ ọrụ o nyere aka guzobe na 2002..<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=15 November 2017|url=http://www.soe.vt.edu/tandl/News/2014/April_25_2014.html|title=Victoria Falls University Vice Chancellor's Visited Virginia Tech, April 2014|publisher=[[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]] (Virginia Tech)}}</ref> == Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na Zambia ihe dị ka afọ 1948.[1] A nabatara ya na Mahadum Zambia na 1969, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1973 na Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Education. Ya Master of Public Administration degree, specializing in Public Policy and Management, nwetara site na Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, na 1997. Ọ gụchakwara ya tesis maka a Dọkịta nke Education ogo, nwetara site nnyocha, awarded site University of Liverpool na 2020. Her doctoral specialization bụ Integration of Information and Communications Technology in Higher Education learning process for quality Enhancement.<ref name="Bio" />{{Cite web|accessdate=19 February 2023|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/gertrude-mwangala-akapelwa-ehueni-88598534/|title=Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa: Chairperson of the Board at Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA)|date=15 November 2017|first=Gertrude Mwangala|author=Akapelwa|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa malitere na 1973, na-arụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka Zambia nke International Business Machines (IBM), dị ka Onye injinia usoro. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ afọ asatọ na ọkara ruo na Disemba 1981. Na Jenụwarị 1982, e were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa teknụzụ ozi na sistemụ na African Development Bank, na-arụ ọrụ na ikike ahụ ruo ihe na-erughị afọ 24 ruo June 2005, nke dị na Abidjan, [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]] na Tunis, [[Tunisia]]. Na June 2002, o guzobere Victoria Falls University of Technology (VFU), nke dị na Livingstone, Zambia ma ghọọ osote onye isi ya site na 2010. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, ọ bụ [[Incumbent|onye nọ n'ọkwa]] ahụ.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|accessdate=19 February 2023|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/gertrude-mwangala-akapelwa-ehueni-88598534/|title=Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa: Chairperson of the Board at Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA)|date=15 November 2017|first=Gertrude Mwangala|author=Akapelwa|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAkapelwa2017">Akapelwa, Gertrude Mwangala (15 November 2017). [https://www.linkedin.com/in/gertrude-mwangala-akapelwa-ehueni-88598534/ "Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa: Chairperson of the Board at Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA)"]. [[LinkedIn]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-atụle == Ọ na-eje ozi n'ọtụtụ bọọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọha na nke onwe gụnyere dịka onye isi na-abụghị onye isi nke Zambia Railways Limited. Ọ bụ onye nwe na Chief Executive Officer (CEO) nke La Residence Executive Guest House, nke dị na Livingstone, Zambia. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Zambia Information & Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) na onye na-abụghị onye isi oche nke Zambia National Commercial Bank. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na kọmitii nka nka nke Sistemụ Njikwa Ozi Ala maka Gọọmenti Zambia.<ref name="Profile" />{{Cite web|title=Zambia National Commercial Bank Plc.: Board of Directors|accessdate=15 November 2017|date=15 November 2017|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK|publisher=[[Reuters|Reuters Finance]]|archivedate=23 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123230232/https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK}}</ref> Ọ natala ọtụtụ onyinye n'oge ọrụ ya, gụnyere (a) John Mwanakatwe Distinguished Award nke Zambia Society for Public Administrators (b) nyere ya nkwanye ùgwù na nsọpụrụ maka ịbụ nwanyị ọsụ ụzọ Computer Scientist na Zambia, site na Zambia Association of University Women (ZAUW) (c) IBM Systems Engineering Professional Excellence Award na (d) Ọ nwetakwara onyinye maka Africa's Most Influential Women in Business dị ka onye mmeri n'ozuzu, mpaghara na mba na 2013, 2014 na 2015. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web|title=Zambia National Commercial Bank Plc.: Board of Directors|accessdate=15 November 2017|date=15 November 2017|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK|publisher=[[Reuters|Reuters Finance]]|archivedate=23 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123230232/https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171123230232/https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK "Zambia National Commercial Bank Plc.: Board of Directors"]. ''Reuters''. [[Reuters|Reuters Finance]]. 15 November 2017. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20171123230232/https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK the original] on 23 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2013|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307250632.html|title=Zambia: Zicta Board Chair to Get Award|accessdate=15 November 2017|author=Hatyoka|first=Brian}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mizinga Melu * Florence Mumba * Elizabeth Muyovwe == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hesuvx0pflt0spl7vjbuwknu5ep4ddg 0 60216 727822 725990 2026-09-25T05:04:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Reflist}} '''Irshad Manji''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1968) bụ onye nkuzi Canada a mụrụ na Uganda. Ọ bụ onye dere The Trouble with Islam Today (2004) na Allah, Liberty and Love (2011), nke a machibidoro iwu n'ọtụtụ mba ndị Alakụba.<ref name="Bedell">{{Cite news|author=Bedell|first=Geraldine|date=2 August 2008|title=Interview: 'I cringed when they compared me to Martin Luther'|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/aug/03/women|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/31/malaysia-reverse-book-ban|title=Malaysia: Reverse Book Ban|date=31 May 2012|work=Human Rights Watch|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912111414/https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/31/malaysia-reverse-book-ban|archivedate=12 September 2018|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/19/215087.html|title=Muslim gay Canadian launches book in Malaysia despite 'ban'|date=19 May 2012|work=Al Arabiya News|accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref> O mekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ PBS na America na usoro Crossroads, akpọrọ Faith Without Fear, nke ahọpụtara maka onyinye Emmy na 2008.[1] [2] Onye bụbu onye nta akụkọ na onye na-egosi ihe onyonyo, Manji bụ onye na-akwado nkọwa mgbanwe nke Islam na onye nkatọ nkọwa nkịtị nke Koran.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya, Don't Label Me (2019), na-atụ aro ụzọ isi gwọọ esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, agbụrụ, na ọdịbendị. Echiche ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ nwere njikọ na Moral Courage Project, nke Manji guzobere na Mahadum New York na 2008 wee gbasaa na Mahadum nke Southern California (USC) na 2016, mgbe ọ bụ onye isi na Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership &amp;amp; Policy.<ref name="USC Annenberg">{{Cite web|title=Irshad Manji|url=https://communicationleadership.usc.edu/fellows/senior/irshad-manji/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222222806/https://communicationleadership.usc.edu/fellows/senior/irshad-manji/|archivedate=22 February 2020|accessdate=22 July 2017|work=Center on Communication Leadership & Policy|publisher=USC Annenberg}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị USC, o guzobere Moral Courage College na ebumnuche nke ịkụzi "ndị na-eto eto otu esi etinye aka n'eziokwu banyere ịkpa ókè okwu kama ime ihere ma ọ bụ ịkagbu ibe ha".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Manji|first=Irshad|date=16 August 2020|title=Hating the "Hateful"|url=https://www.persuasion.community/p/hating-the-hateful|accessdate=1 September 2020|work=Persuasion}}</ref> Manji na-ekwu okwu banyere isiokwu ndị a dị ka onye isi nchọpụta na Oxford Initiative for Global Ethics and Human Rights . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fellows|url=https://www.oxfordglobalethics.org/fellows|accessdate=1 September 2020|work=Oxford Initiative for Global Ethics and Human Rights|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Manji na 1968 na nso Kampala, Uganda.[1] Nne ya sitere na Egypt na nna ya nke ihe nketa India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/03/opinion/brave-young-and-muslim.html|title=Brave, Young and Muslim|author=Friedman|first=Thomas L.|date=3 March 2005|work=The New York Times|accessdate=28 March 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe [[Idi Amin]] nyere iwu ka Ịchụpụ ndị Eshia na ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ndị Afrịka na Uganda na mbido afọ 1970, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4tY_Rk0BTGMC&pg=PA93|title=Muslim Women Reformers: Inspiring Voices Against Oppression|author=Lichter|first=Ida|date=2009|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-1-61592-502-5|pages=93|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/international/americas/04FPRO.html|title=An Unlikely Promoter of an Islamic Reformation|author=Krauss|first=Clifford|date=4 October 2003|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=11 July 2006}}</ref> Manji na ezinụlọ ya bịara [[Kánada|Canada]] dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. <ref name="Bedell"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303918204577446170153730122|title=Lady Gaga Versus Global Jihad|author=Stephens|first=Bret|date=4 June 2012|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=19 September 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> Ha biri na Richmond, British Columbia, nso Vancouver. <ref name="Todd"><ref name="Todd">{{cite news|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-trouble-with-irshad-manji|title=The Trouble with Irshad Manji|last=Todd|first=Douglas|date=13 May 2008|newspaper=[[Vancouver Sun]]|access-date=22 July 2017}}</ref> Manji gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na, na Satọdee ọ bụla, ụlọ akwụkwọ okpukpe (madrasa). Manji na-ekwu na, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, a chụpụrụ ya na madrasa maka ịjụ ọtụtụ ajụjụ.<ref name="Popescu">{{Cite journal|author=Popescu|first=Lucy|date=12 October 2011|title=Irshad Manji|url=https://literaryreview.co.uk/irshad-manji|journal=Literary Review|issue=400|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Wente|first=Margaret|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/the-muslim-refusenik/article772583/|title=The Muslim refusenik|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/canada-150-irshad-manji-challenging-muslim-doctrine|title=Canada 150: Irshad Manji, challenging Muslim doctrine|author=Stephen Hume|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 1990, Manji nwetara nzere bachelọ na nsọpụrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke echiche site na Mahadum British Columbia, wee merie Gọvanọ General's Academic Medal maka onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Humanities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fondationtrudeau.ca/en/community/irshad-manji|title=Irshad Manji|work=Fondationtrudeau.ca|accessdate=22 July 2017|archivedate=4 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104065136/http://www.fondationtrudeau.ca/en/community/irshad-manji}}</ref> Na 2002, Manji ghọrọ onye na-ede akwụkwọ na Mahadum Toronto's Hart House, ebe ọ malitere ide Nsogbu na Islam Taa.[1] [2] Ọ bụ onye ọbịa ya na mmemme mmụta mmụta nchekwa mba ụwa na Mahadum Yale na 2006 [3] wee bụrụ onye otu ibe ya na Brussels nke dabeere na European Foundation for Democracy site na 2006 ruo 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/freespeech-irshad-manji/|title=freeSpeech: Irshad Manji|author=McNamara|first=Melissa|date=18 September 2006|work=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gmfus.org/events/reconciling-islam-freedom|title=Reconciling Islam with Freedom|date=14 May 2007|work=The German Marshall Fund of the United States|language=en|accessdate=19 September 2019|archivedate=12 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212223356/http://www.gmfus.org/events/reconciling-islam-freedom}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Manji malitere ọrụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ ndị 1990. Ọ bụ onye enyemaka iwu na ndị omeiwu Canada maka onye otu New Democratic Party nke ndị omeiwu Dawn Black, mgbe ahụ odeakwụkwọ mgbasa ozi na Gọọmentị Ontario maka minista nke Ontario New Democratic Party Marion Boyd, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Todd|first=Douglas|title=The Trouble with Irshad Manji|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-trouble-with-irshad-manji|accessdate=28 August 2020|work=Vancouver Sun|date=13 May 2008}}</ref> ma mesịa bụrụ onye edemede okwu maka onye isi NDP Audrey McLaughlin. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ, ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ihe gbasara mba maka nwa amaala Ottawa [1] na onye kacha nta na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ maka ụbọchị Canada ọ bụla. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBT ọhụrụ Ottawa Capital Xtra![2] O sonye na ngalaba "Friendly Fire" mgbe niile na TVOntario's Studio 2 site na 1992 ruo 1994, isi na isi megide onye edemede aka nri Michael Coren. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMvzNiHF-XIC&pg=PA70|title=Joe's Toronto: Portraiture|author=Joe|first=Mendelson|date=2005|publisher=ECW Press|isbn=978-1-55022-715-4|pages=70|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rrj.ca/a-talking-contradiction/|title=A Talking Contradiction|author=Habib|first=Samra|date=17 March 2003|work=Ryerson Review of Journalism|language=en-US|accessdate=8 October 2019|archivedate=27 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227134320/https://rrj.ca/a-talking-contradiction/}}</ref> Manji kwadoro ma mepụta ọtụtụ mmemme ihe omume ọha na telivishọn, gụnyere Q-Files maka Pulse24 na onye nọchiri ya QT: QueerTelevision maka Citytv dabeere na Toronto na njedebe 1990s.[1][2] Mgbe ọ hapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ, Manji nyere “nnukwu Q” ihe onyonyo onyonyo n'ọ́bá akwụkwọ mpako dị na Mahadum Western Ontario. Ọ pụtakwara na netwọkụ telivishọn gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere Al Jazeera, CBC, BBC, MSNBC, C-SPAN, CNN, PBS, Fox News Channel, CBS, na HBO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/IrshadManjiTV|title=Irshad Manji|work=YouTube|language=en|accessdate=25 May 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa prọfesọ nleta na Mahadum New York (NYU) site na 2008 ruo 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kwese.espn.com/olympics/summer/2012/story/_/id/8157338/ioc-bar-saudi-arabia-olympics-women-added-team|title=IOC should bar Saudi Arabia from Olympics unless women added to team|date=12 July 2012|work=Kwese.espn.com|accessdate=22 July 2017|archivedate=13 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002250/http://kwese.espn.com/olympics/summer/2012/story/_/id/8157338/ioc-bar-saudi-arabia-olympics-women-added-team}}</ref> Manji sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service nke NYU iji mepụta Moral Courage Project, ihe omume iji kụziere ndị na-eto eto otu esi ekwu eziokwu n'ime obodo ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irshadmanji.com/moral-courage-project|title=Explore the Issues|author=Manji|first=Irshad|work=IrshadManji.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901122500/https://www.irshadmanji.com/Moral-Courage-Project|archivedate=1 September 2012|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> Ọmụmụ ihe ya lekwasịrị anya n'otú "esi eme mkpebi ndị na-adabere n'ụkpụrụ maka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe ha - ọkachamara na nke onwe ha".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Wagner|title=Moral Courage Project|url=http://wagner.nyu.edu/leadership/affiliates|publisher=Wagner School of Public Service|accessdate=24 January 2014|archivedate=23 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123092304/http://wagner.nyu.edu/leadership/affiliates}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, Manji na Cornel West, prọfesọ na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe, malitere Moral Courage TV (na [[YouTube]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7GguSvt-Ow|title=Cornel West & Irshad Manji at NYU Reynolds, 4/16|date=5 June 2013|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> West kwuru banyere ọrụ Manji dị ka "ike dị ike maka ihe ọma". N'afọ 2015, Manji mepụtara "ọnụnọ West Coast nke Moral Courage" na Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership &amp;amp; Policy nke Mahadum Southern California. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cornel West and Irshad Manji at NYU Reynolds on 4/16/2013|date=5 June 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7GguSvt-Ow|publisher=NYU Reynolds Program in Social Entrepreneurship|accessdate=1 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communicationleadership.usc.edu/news/muslim-reformer-named-cclp-senior-fellow/|title=Muslim reformer named CCLP senior fellow|author=Chapman|first=Justin|date=11 September 2015|work=[[Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership & Policy]]|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === ''Nsogbu na Islam Taa'' ===   Akwụkwọ Manji bụ The Trouble with Islam Today (nke akpọrọ The Trouble With Islam) bụ nke St. Martin's Press bipụtara n'afọ 2004. E wepụtara akwụkwọ ahụ na Canada n'okpuru aha gara aga na Septemba 2003. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA27|title=Books: Unveiling Islam|author=Hays|first=Matthew|date=2 March 2004|work=The Advocate|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, a sụgharịrị ya n'ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.<ref name="Todd" />Manji nyere nsụgharị [[Arabic]], Persian, na Urdu nke akwụkwọ ahụ maka nbudata n'efu na weebụsaịtị ya.<ref name="Jerusalem Post">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Features/Manji-Young-Muslims-want-change|title=Manji: Young Muslims want change|date=22 June 2006|work=The Jerusalem Post|accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref> Na The Trouble with Islam Today, Manji na-enyocha nkọwa ọhụrụ nke kor'an nke o kwenyere na ọ dabara adaba maka narị afọ nke 21.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/analysis/role-of-women-central-to-necessary-reforms-within-islam-441608.html|title=Role of women central to necessary reforms within Islam|author=O'Mahony|first=T.P.|date=1 February 2017|work=Irish Examiner|language=en|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ enwetala otuto na nlelị site n'aka ndị Alakụba na ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụga. Ọtụtụ ndị na-enyocha akwụkwọ ahụ akpọwo akwụkwọ ahụ "obi ike" ma ọ bụ "ogologo oge" ebe ndị ọzọ kwuru na ọ na-elekwasị anya na ndị Alakụba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Calling-all-believers-to-a-conversation-on-Islam/articleshow/1326998.cms|title=Calling all believers to a conversation on Islam|author=Rehman|first=Mujibr|date=11 December 2005|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/25/books/decent-exposure.html|title=Decent Exposure: ''The Trouble with Islam''|author=Sullivan|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Sullivan|date=25 January 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2006/2/7/freedom_of_speech_or_incitement_to|title=Freedom of Speech or Incitement to Violence? A Debate Over the Publication of Cartoons of Prophet Muhammed and the Global Muslim Protests|author=Goodman|first=Amy|authorlink=Amy Goodman|date=7 February 2006|work=Democracy Now!|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008071329/https://www.democracynow.org/2006/2/7/freedom_of_speech_or_incitement_to|archivedate=8 October 2019|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref> Tarek Fatah, onye Alakụba Canada ibe onye mbụ katọrọ The Trouble With Islam, [1] tụgharịrị n'ọnọdụ ya, na-ekwu na Manji kwuru "ezigbo maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ụwa Muslim" yana na "enwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbapụta na ncheta ya". <ref>{{Cite news|first=Tahir Aslam|author=Gora|authorlink=Tahir Aslam Gora|url=http://www.thespec.com/Opinions/article/392889|date=26 June 2008|title=Canada's a centre for Islamic reform|work=[[The Hamilton Spectator]]}}</ref> A machibidoro ''Nsogbu na Islam Taa'' n'ọtụtụ mba na Middle East.<ref name="Bedell"/> Kemgbe ọnwa Julaị afọ 2009, a machibidoro akwụkwọ ahụ iwu na Malaysia. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/05/24/home-ministry-bans-irshad-manjis-book|title=Home Ministry bans Irshad Manji's book|date=24 May 2012|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|accessdate=25 January 2013}}</ref> === ''Okwukwe Na-enweghị Egwu'' === N'afọ 2007, Manji wepụtara ihe ngosi PBS, Faith without Fear . Ọ na-eso njem ya iji mee ka okwukwe na nnwere onwe dịghachi n'otu, na-egosi ihe ize ndụ onwe onye ọ chere ihu dị ka onye na-eme mgbanwe ndị Alakụba. Ọ na-enyocha Islamism na Yemen, Europe na North America, yana akụkọ ihe mere eme nke echiche nkatọ Islam na Spain na ebe ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_faith_without_fear.html|title=Irshad Manji calls on her fellow Muslims to reform|publisher=[[PBS]]|quote=Trekking through the Arabian peninsula, Manji speaks with Osama bin Laden's former bodyguard, who explains why he's willing to turn his young son into a martyr. She also engages a California convert to Islam who now lives in Yemen and says that by covering her body and face, she's exercising American-style freedom of religion. But is it really freedom if you'll be punished for not covering? Manji meets one Yemeni woman who faces a steep price for rejecting the rules. Through them, Manji discovers what she thinks has corrupted a religion of justice to become an ideology of fear.|accessdate=2025-03-31|archivedate=2022-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209190230/https://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_faith_without_fear.html}}</ref> A họpụtara Faith Without Fear maka Emmy ma bụrụ onye ikpeazụ maka National Film Board of Canada's Gemini Award . <ref name="Emmy">{{Cite web|date=15 July 2008|title=Nominees for the 29th Annual News & Documentary Emmy Awards Announced by the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|url=http://emmyonline.com/news_29th_nominations|accessdate=19 September 2019|work=Emmy Online|language=en-US|archivedate=23 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723023527/http://emmyonline.com/news_29th_nominations}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nfb.ca/about/news.php?id=1584|title=2007 Gemini Awards|date=10 October 2007|publisher=[[National Film Board of Canada]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221070903/http://www.nfb.ca/about/news.php?id=1584|archivedate=21 December 2007}}</ref>[50] Ọ malitere 2008 Muslim Film Festival, nke American Islamic Congress haziri wee merie ọla edo na New York Television Festival. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.muslimfilm.org/schedule.html|title=2008Muslim Film Festival - Think-Different Women|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20080416235659/http://www.muslimfilm.org/schedule.html|archivedate=16 April 2008}}</ref>[50] === ''Allah, Nnwere Onwe na Ịhụnanya'' === N'afọ 2011, Manji bipụtara Allah, Liberty and Love . N'akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ na-enyocha otú ndị Alakụba nwere ike isi kọwaa kor'an, kwuo okwu n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, ma chee echiche n'onwe ha.Iji kwado ụzọ ya, Manji na-ehota ijtihad, omenala Islam nke echiche siri ike na nkọwa nke ederede na ozizi Islam.[1][2] Manji na-ekwusi ike na mgbanwe ọ bụla nke uru na-adịgide adịgide nye ndị Alakụba nwere ike isi n'ime pụta na enweghị ike itinye ya site na isi mmalite. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/new-age-insight/30580878_1_muslim-irshad-manji-change|title=Changing Times|author=Siddharth|first=Gautam|date=2 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=8 October 2019|archive-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017163043/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/new-age-insight/30580878_1_muslim-irshad-manji-change|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manji kwenyere ma kwalite ịdị irè nke Alụmdi na nwunye okpukpe nke ndị Alakụba na ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụga, ọkachasị nke ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba nye ụmụ nwoke na-abụghị Ndị Alakụba, dabere na echiche nke Khaleel Mohammed nke San Diego State University (SDSU), na San Diego, California.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imam Khaleel Mohammed's defense of inter-faith marriage.|url=https://freethinkingstokie.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/eng_bothpages.pdf}}</ref> Dị ka ọ dị n'ihe odide Manji ndị ọzọ, Allah, nnwere onwe na ịhụnanya mepụtara ma nzaghachi dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma.  Rayyan Al Shawaf, onye odee dabeere na Beirut na onye nkatọ akwụkwọ, na-akwa arịrị na Manji lekwasịrị anya n'otú ndị Alakụba na-emesapụ aka nwere ike isi sụgharịa Koran ọ bụghị na otu esi edobe oke iwu iji kwụsị mmetụta nke Qur'an.Ọ na-ekwukwa na Manji na-akwalite ''ijtihad'' mgbe ọ na-eleghara anya na "ijtihad bụ mma agha nke na-ebibi ụzọ abụọ ahụ". <ref name="Al-Shawaf">{{Cite news|author=Al-Shawaf|first=Rayyan|title=Author's 'Allah' implores Muslims to Think Freely|url=https://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2011/06/25/manjis_allah_implores_muslims_to_think_freely/|accessdate=25 January 2013|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=25 June 2011|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000030/http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2011/06/25/manjis_allah_implores_muslims_to_think_freely/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Al-Shawaf na-akwa arịrị maka ilekwasị Manji anya "n'otú ndị Alakụba nwere nnwere onwe si kọwaa kor'an dịka ha nwere ike isi setịpụ ókè iwu na mmetụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba ya". <ref name="Al-Shawaf" /> Meliklan Kay na nyocha ya maka ''Newsweek'' kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka "ịgọ ndị Alakụzụ" ma jupụta "okwu obi ụtọ nke na-eti mkpu" <ref name="Kaylan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/irshad-manji-challenges-muslims-follow-their-conscience-67465|title=Irshad Manji Challenges Muslims to Follow Their Conscience|author=Kaylan|first=Melik|date=25 September 2011|work=Newsweek|language=en|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref> Omar Sultan Haque, onye nchọpụta na onye nkuzi na Harvard University Medical School, na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ Manji dị mkpa n'ịkwalite nghọta, ọ "na-emeghị ka ụfọdụ n'ime ajụjụ ndị dị mkpa nke ga-eme ka ọdịnihu [nke nnwere onwe na nke ghere oghe] bụrụ eziokwu. " <ref name="Haque">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tnr.com/book/review/allah-liberty-love-irshad-manji|title=What Is Islamic Enlightenment?|author=Haque|first=Omar Sultan|date=15 March 2012|work=The New Republic}}</ref> Haque na-akọwakarị echiche Manji n'ụzọ "na-akwado". Howard A. Doughty, prọfesọ nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Seneca College, gosipụtara nke a site n'ikwu okwu site na nyocha Haque: "Chineke Manji yiri onye ndụmọdụ nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwere mmetụta ịhụnanya ma dị ike. "<ref name="Haque" /><ref name="Doughty">{{Cite web|author=Doughty|first=Howard A.|url=https://www.innovation.cc/book-reviews/rev_doughty_assay_manji18vi1a13.pdf|title=Review Essay: What's the Trouble with Human Rights?|accessdate=16 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705121430/http://www.innovation.cc/book-reviews/rev_doughty_assay_manji18vi1a13.pdf|archivedate=5 July 2017}}</ref> Doughty, n'ịchịkọta ihe ọ chọpụtara banyere ndị na-akatọ Manji na-ekwu na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta (ma e wezụga onwe ya) na-ekwu ete "Manji nwere ike ghara inwe ike ịdọrọ isi ya ma gbanwee echiche ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ na-eme". <ref name="Doughty"/> Kama ọ na-enye mgbachitere ụzọ ya ma na-arụ ụka na "ihe ndị nkatọ ya yiri ka ọ na-atụfu bụ na ọ dị mfe nkwurịta okwu, na-ewepụ ya na nkà mmụta sayensị, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba, bụ kpọmkwem ihe na-enye ya ohere ịtụgharị echiche ya n'omume ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Doughty" /> Mmalite mba ụwa nke ''Allah, Nnwere Onwe na Ịhụnanya'' zutere esemokwu. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2011, ndị Alakụba na-emebiga ihe ókè wakporo akwụkwọ Manji na Amsterdam; <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/irshad-manji-book-tour-in-indonesia-runs-into-trouble-with-islamic-thugs|title=Irshad Manji book tour in Indonesia runs into trouble with Islamic 'thugs'|author=Hopper|first=Tristin|date=10 May 2012|work=National Post|language=en-CA|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref> ndị ikom Alakụba iri abụọ na abụọ gbara ọsọ banye n'ebe ahụ ma nwaa ịwakpo ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://israelbehindthenews.com/we-made-the-jerusalem-post-with-this-irshad-manji-speaking-the-truth/8343/|title=Speaking the truth: A moderate Muslim, Irshad Manji says Islam needs more introspection and self-criticism|author=Spivak|first=Rhonda|date=25 April 2012|work=The Jerusalem Post|accessdate=22 July 2017|archivedate=8 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808224230/http://israelbehindthenews.com/we-made-the-jerusalem-post-with-this-irshad-manji-speaking-the-truth/8343/}}</ref> N'oge njem akwụkwọ Manji, ndị uwe ojii belatara okwu ya na Jakarta n'ihi nrụgide sitere n'otu n'ime ndị otu ndị isi nke Indonesia, Islamic Defenders Front.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/archive/indonesian-hardline-group-urges-govt-to-deport-liberal-canadian-muslim-activist/|title=Indonesian Hardline Group Urges Govt to Deport Liberal Canadian Muslim Activist|author=Mandiri|first=Ardi|date=5 May 2012|work=[[Jakarta Globe]]|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref> Ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị, ọtụtụ narị ndị ikom sitere na Kansụl Mujahedeen nke Indonesia wakporo ndị otu Manji na ndị na-akwado ya na Yogyakarta. Ọtụtụ mmadụ merụrụ ahụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu onye ga-agwọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/10/irshad-manji-injured-mob-attack-yogya.html|title=Irshad Manji injured in mob attack in Yogya|date=10 May 2012|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]|accessdate=9 January 2013|archive-date=10 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310112512/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/10/irshad-manji-injured-mob-attack-yogya.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, gọọmentị Malaysia machibidoro Allah, Liberty na Love. <ref name=":3"/> Mana na Septemba 2013, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu dị na Kuala Lumpur wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jong|first=Rita|title=Ban on Irshad Manji's book lifted|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ban-on-irshad-manjis-book-lifted|accessdate=1 October 2013|work=[[The Malaysian Insider]]|date=5 September 2013|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213928/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ban-on-irshad-manjis-book-lifted|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ gara aga, e jidere Nik Raina Nik Abdul Aziz, nwanyị Malay bụ otu n'ime ndị njikwa nke Borders, maka ire nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ Manji tupu steeti ahụ ekwupụta mmachibido iwu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/08/2012867105109271.html|title='Un-Islamic' book trial opens in Malaysia|author=Mayberry|first=Kate|date=6 August 2012|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://antarapos.com/en/index.php?q9nan56SpKPkoObnaNGXpVvZn7WkcZFjZQ|title=Irshad Manji's Book: Borders Book Store Manager To Be Tried|work=Antarapos.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029023305/http://antarapos.com/en/index.php?q9nan56SpKPkoObnaNGXpVvZn7WkcZFjZQ|archivedate=29 October 2017|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ya na ndị ọchịchị lụchara ọgụ afọ atọ, Ụlọikpe Federal nke Malaysia kpebiri na ọ kwadoro ya ma jụ mbọ gọọmentị gbara ịrịọ arịrịọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/nik-rainas-nightmare-finally-over-as-federal-court-dismisses-jawis-prosecut|title=Nik Raina's nightmare finally over as Federal Court dismisses JAWI's prosecution bid in Borders case|author=Palansamy|first=Yiswaree|date=23 June 2015|work=[[Malay Mail]]|accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/judges-slam-islamic-authority-for-premature-raid-on-borders|title=Judges slam Islamic authority for premature raid on Borders|author=Lim|first=Ida|date=22 August 2014|work=Malay Mail|accessdate=25 August 2014}}</ref> === ''Ekwela ka m kpọọ aha'' === N'ihe omume tupu ewepụta akwụkwọ ya kachasị ọhụrụ, Don't Label Me: An Incredible Conversation for Divided Times, Manji bụ onye isi okwu na-ekwu okwu kwa afọ na Day of Discovery, Dialogue & Action nke Mahadum Washington na St. Louis na 19 Febụwarị 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|author=McCarthy|first=Leslie Gibson|date=15 February 2019|title=Honest diversity, moral courage and shedding labels: A Q&A with Irshad Manji|url=https://source.wustl.edu/2019/02/honest-diversity-moral-courage-and-shedding-labels-a-qa-with-irshad-manji/|accessdate=1 September 2020|work=The Source|publisher=Washington University in St. Louis|language=en-US}}</ref> St. Martin's Press bipụtara Don't Label Me na 26 Febụwarị. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Schilling|first=Mary Kaye|date=21 February 2019|title=In ''Don't Label Me'', Irshad Manji Has a Radical Prescription for Fellow Progressives: 'Stop Shaming and Start Listening'|work=Newsweek|url=https://www.newsweek.com/2019/03/08/irshad-manji-interview-dont-label-me-diversity-black-lives-matters-1335894.html|accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref> Edere akwụkwọ ahụ n'ụdị mkparịta ụka e chepụtara echepụta na Lily, nkịta mbụ nke Manji, onye nwụrụ anwụ ugbu a ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Onye na-akwado Ekwensu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Gee|first=Dana|date=2 April 2019|title=Listening is the best way to get your point across, says Irshad Manji|url=https://vancouversun.com/entertainment/books/listening-is-the-best-way-to-get-your-point-across-says-irshad-manji|accessdate=1 September 2020|work=Vancouver Sun|language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Kronen|first=Samuel|date=1 May 2019|title=Irshad Manji's "Don't Label Me": Book Review|url=https://areomagazine.com/2019/05/01/irshad-manjis-dont-label-me-book-review/|accessdate=1 September 2020|work=Areo|language=en-US|archivedate=11 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111031748/https://areomagazine.com/2019/05/01/irshad-manjis-dont-label-me-book-review/}}</ref> Dị ka Dana Gee nke ''Vancouver Sun'' si kwuo, "Ọ nwere ike iyi ka ọ bụ ihe eji eme ihe, mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ezie". Manji na-eji mkparịta ụka ahụ akwado ibuli elu karịa tribalism ma soro ndị onye na-agụ ya ekwenyeghị na ha na-ekwu okwu.<ref name=":1" /> Na vidiyo nke magazin Time bipụtara na Machị 2019, Manji na-ekwu "Anọ m ebe a iji kwuo na, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na-akụziri ndị na-eto eto otu esi eme ihe na-adịghị akpasu iwe, ha kwesịkwara ịkụziri ọgbọ ọhụrụ otu esi eme ka ha ghara ịkpasu iwe. " <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hahn|first=Jason Duaine|date=4 April 2019|title=Schools 'Need' to Teach Kids 'How Not to Be Offended' in 2019, Educator Pleads|url=https://people.com/human-interest/schools-kids-how-not-to-be-offended-irshad-manji/|accessdate=1 September 2020|work=People|language=EN}}</ref>Onye na-akpa ọchị Chris Rock, onye na-akwado Manji,[1] kwalitekwara akwụkwọ ahụ na Twitter na-akpọ ya " ọgụgụ isi".[2][3] Na ntụleghachi nke Don't Label Me for Areo Magazine, Samuel Kronen dere na "Manji na-enye nchikota magburu onwe ya nke nkwutọ onwe onye, aghụghọ na obi eziokwu dị egwu ma na-enye nghọta na ụfọdụ nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-eche ihu taa. . <ref name=":4" /> Manji enwetala ọtụtụ egwu ọnwụ n'ihi echiche ya.<ref name="Todd"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/irshad-manji-islams-marked-woman-58908.html|title=Irshad Manji: Islam's marked woman|author=Hari|first=Johann|date=5 May 2004|work=The Independent|language=en|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bi na Toronto, o nwere windo nke ụlọ ya na-egbochi mgbọ maka nchekwa.<ref name="Todd" /> A kọwawo Manji dị ka Onye na-ede akwụkwọ kor'an.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kaminski|first=Joseph J.|chapter=Introduction: Determining the Basis for Political Discourse for the Next Generation|title=The Contemporary Islamic Governed State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2017|pages=1–28}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Jerusalem Post, na-akọwa echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, Manji kwuru, "Abụghị m onye nku aka ekpe, abụghị m onye aka nri. Abụ m post-wing "[1] Ọ katọrọ arụmụka na agha US na-akpali ndị Islam extremism.Manji na mbụ kwadoro agha United States na Iraq na Afghanistan, na ọchịchị George W. Bush na-alụ ọgụ na ụjọ.[1] [2] [3] [4] Ka ọ na-erule 2006, echiche ya banyere agha dị na Iraq abụrụla nke ukwuu nkatọ maka ọchịchị Bush.[5] Na Iraq, o kwuru na ya "chere na Ọfịs Oval nwere ozi eburu n'uche mgbe ọ na-eme mkpebi.O kwukwara, "M anọwo na-enyo ọrụ anyị na Afghanistan na mmetụta ya enyo n'ihu ọha. "<ref name="Cole">{{Cite web|url=https://nowtoronto.com/art-and-books/q-and-a-irshad-manji/|title=Q&A: Irshad Manji|author=Cole|first=Susan G.|date=10 June 2011|work=Now|accessdate=10 September 2018|archivedate=11 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002456/https://nowtoronto.com/art-and-books/q-and-a-irshad-manji/}}</ref><ref name="Cole" /> Ọ na-arụ ụka na ndị Palestine chere ọrụ abụọ ihu: otu nke Hamas nyere ụmụ nwanyị na ndị LGBT na nke ọzọ nke ndị agha Israel na Palestine niile.<ref name="Jerusalem Post"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'afọ 2016, Manji na onye mmekọ ya, Laura Albano, lụrụ na Hawaii.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/05/10/irshad-manji-marries-partner-laura-albano/|title=Irshad Manji marries partner Laura Albano|author=Firdaws|first=Nawar|date=10 May 2016|accessdate=22 July 2017|work=[[Free Malaysia Today]]}}</ref> Ha na nkịta nnapụta ha biri n'ebe ahụ.<ref name="USC Annenberg"/> == Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ == == Akwụkwọ == * 1997 – ''Risking Utopia: On the Edge of a New Democracy'', (Douglas and McIntyre {{ISBN|1-55054-434-9}}) * 2003 – ''The Trouble with Islam Today'' (St. Martin's Press, {{ISBN|9780312326999}}) * 2011 – ''Allah, Liberty and Love: The Courage to Reconcile Faith and Freedom''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZGslAEACAAJ|title=Allah, Liberty and Love|first=Irshad|author=Manji|publisher=[[Atria Books]]|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4516-4520-0}}</ref> (Atria Books, {{ISBN|1-4516-4520-1}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4516-4520-0}}) * 2019 – ''Don't Label Me: An Incredible Conversation for Divided Times'' (St. Martin's Press, {{ISBN|9781250157980}}) == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * {{IMDb name|1879555}} * AppearancesnaC-SPAN [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1368yfgq7mbovp47p6u6zdm9zmw5iv4 0 63137 727826 671334 2026-09-25T05:07:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727826 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Isabella_Matambanadzo.jpg|thumb|Isabella Matambanadzo]] '''Isabella (Bella) Matambanadzo''' (amụrụ na 5 Jun afọ 1973) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ na [[Zimbabwe]], <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.elle.co.za/gonjon-pin-book-review/|title=THE GONJON PIN BOOK REVIEW|first=Kareesha|author=Naidoo|date=2014-09-10|work=Elle South Africa|accessdate=2018-03-12|archive-date=2018-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328102355/http://www.elle.co.za/gonjon-pin-book-review/|url-status=dead}}</ref> okike na onye na-akwado nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ na ọgbakọ Feminist Africa . <ref name="Forum">{{Cite news|url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/isabella-matambanadzo/|title=Isabella Matambanadzo - Individual African Feminists|date=2016-03-19|work=African Feminist Forum|accessdate=2018-03-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialgazette.co.zw/equality-still-elusive/|title=Equality still elusive {{!}} The Financial Gazette|work=www.financialgazette.co.zw|first=Tabitha|author=Mutenga|date=27 February 2014|accessdate=2018-03-12|archivedate=2018-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328041219/http://www.financialgazette.co.zw/equality-still-elusive/}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye nwere nzụlite na mbipụta, redio na akwụkwọ akụkọ telivishọn, o jirila mgbasa ozi kwalite olu ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/16-days-2012|title=16 Days, 2012|work=openDemocracy|accessdate=2018-03-12|archivedate=2018-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328041626/https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/16-days-2012}}</ref> O nwekwara nzụlite n'ịkọ akụkọ na-agbasa akụkọ na nke gburugburu obodo Africa ebe ya na ndi Reuters News Agency rụburu ọrụ site n' afọ 1999 ruo 2001. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Isabella Matambanadzo na onwa Jun nke 5 afọ 1973 nye Paul na Creacie Matambanadzo na mpaghara mmepụta ihe nke Pelandaba, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ n’ime ụmụ anọ. Oge mmalite ya na nne ya na nne nne ya bụ ndị gosipụtara ya n'ihe gbasara nwanyị . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/isabella-matambanadzo/|title=Isabella Matambanadzo - Individual African Feminists|date=2016-03-19|work=African Feminist Forum|accessdate=2018-03-07}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.africanfeministforum.com/isabella-matambanadzo/ "Isabella Matambanadzo - Individual African Feminists"]. ''African Feminist Forum''. 19 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Ezinụlọ ha kwagara na Highfield, Harare, ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na nke sekọndrị. N'afọ 1994, o nwetara diploma site na Zimbabwe Institute of Public Relations wee nweta diploma na Mass Communications na Harare Polytechnic n'afọ 1995. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Rhodes jiri ''summa cum laude'' BA na akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ na ọmụmụ ihe nkiri na onwa Eprel afọ 1999. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ọrụ == Site n'afọ 1999 ruo 2001, Matambanadzo jikọrọ aka, dee, dezie na akụkụ 156 nke KiSwahili kwa izu, akụkọ French na Bekee na-egosi ihe ngosi telivishọn nke ''Africa Journal'' maka Reuters News Agency . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/african-films-confront-the-horror-of-slavery/article4146666/|title=African films confront the horror of slavery|first=Isabella|author=Matambanadzo|work=[[The Globe & Mail]]|date=2001-04-25|accessdate=2018-03-27}}</ref> Site n'afọ 2003 ruo 2007 ọ bụ onye otu ndị ọrụ nke Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na ihe gbasara Ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ agbọghọ na HIV / AIDS na Southern Africa. A na-ebipụta akụkọ ya na onyinye ya na nke ndị otu ndị ọzọ ama dị ka Facing the Future Together: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General's Task Force on Women, Girls and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://genderandaids.unwomen.org/en/resources/2004/09/facing-the-future-together-report-of-the-united-nations--secretarygenerals-task-force-on-women-girls-and-hivaids-in-southern-africa|title=Facing the Future Together: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General's Task Force on Women, Girls and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa|publisher=UN Women|work=genderandaids.unwomen.org|date=2004|accessdate=31 October 2024}}</ref> N'afọ 2004 na 2006, Matambanadzo bụ onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ, onye na-ese foto na onye nyocha maka Dr Kaori Izumi na ikike ala ụmụ nwanyị na ihe onwunwe na South Africa. Ndị mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] maka Ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ Africa bipụtara akụkọ a. <ref>{{Cite book|date=2006|author=Izumi, K.|title=Reclaiming our lives: HIV and AIDS, women's land and property rights and livelihoods in southern and East Africa: narratives and responses|publisher=HSRC Press|isbn=9780796921369|url=http://repository.hsrc.ac.za/handle/20.500.11910/6546}}</ref> Site n'afọ 2004 ruo 2009, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu Redio VOP. N'ụbọchị 24 onwa Jenụwarị afọ 2006, e jidere Matambanadzo na ndị nlekọta ise ndị ọzọ sitere na Redio VOP Zimbabwe maka ebubo nke ịrụ ọrụ na-enweghị ikikere. O kwuru na ọ bụ iji gbochie mkpuchi onwe onye nke ihe omume na Zimbabwe. N'oge ahụ, Zimbabwe nọ na-enwe nnukwu ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekpa ahụ na egwu nke ndị nta akụkọ nwere onwe ha. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200603090680.html|title=Zimbabwe: Radio Voice of the People Trustees Face Trial Over Program|author=McElligott|first=Margaret|date=2006-03-09|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2018-03-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rjr.ru.ac.za/|title=RJR Alive 2|work=www.rjr.ru.ac.za|accessdate=2018-03-07|archivedate=2018-04-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402220659/http://www.rjr.ru.ac.za/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-01-24-zimbabwe-radio-bosses-charged-under-tough-laws|title=Zimbabwe radio bosses charged under tough laws|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=The M&G Online|date=2006-01-24|accessdate=2018-03-07}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya, a tọhapụrụ ha na mgbapụta ma yigharịa ikpe ha ruo n'ụbọchị 25 onwa Septemba afọ 2006, mgbe e mechara wepụ ebubo. Matambanadzo na ndị otu ndị ọzọ malitere ime ihe gbasara nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi. Maka ọrụ ya, Amnesty International nabatara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndi ama dika 11 Front Line Women Human Rights Defenders afọ 2007 .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr46/026/2006/en/|title=Zimbabwe: Women on the Front Line: Calendar 2007|publisher=Amnesty International|work=www.amnesty.org|date=2006-12-01|accessdate=2018-03-07}}</ref> Matambanadzo na-aga n'ihu na-etinye aka na ime ihe ike maka okike na ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ógbè nke ịkwaga, enweghị ala na ikike ụmụaka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ruralreporters.com/not-mozambican-not-zimbabwean-female-miners-moan-stateless-babies-born-in-no-mans-land/|title=Not Mozambican, Not Zimbabwean: What Will Become Of The Babies Born In No-man's Land?|first=Ray|author=Mwareya|work=ruralreporters.com|date=2016-11-28|accessdate=2018-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2016/11/13/plight-stateless-people-zimbabwe/|title=The plight of stateless people in Zimbabwe|first=Veneranda|author=Langa|date=2016-11-13|work=The Standard|accessdate=2018-03-12}}</ref> N'ihe gbasara ịgba ohu nke oge a, onye ama dika Financial Gazette (Zimbabwe) kwuru na Matambanadzo gbara gọọmentị ume ka ha mee ka nrụgide dị elu na Kuwait iji kọwaa ebe nwanyị Zimbabwe ọ bụla a zụrụ ahịa na Kuwait nọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialgazette.co.zw/sad-reality-of-modern-day-slavery/|title=Sad reality of modern-day slavery {{!}} The Financial Gazette|work=www.financialgazette.co.zw|first=Tabitha|author=Mutenga|date=May 19, 2016|accessdate=2018-03-12|archivedate=2018-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212853/http://www.financialgazette.co.zw/sad-reality-of-modern-day-slavery/}}</ref> Ọ rịọwokwa gọọmentị nke Zimbabwe maka itinye aka nhata ụmụ nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newzimbabwevision.com/rwanda-has-61-3-women-in-government-and-zimbabwes-has-35-women-in-government-yet-women-make-52-percent-of-zimbabwe-population/|title=RWANDA HAS 61.3% WOMEN RERESENTATIVES IN GOVERNMENT AND ZIMBABWE HAS 35 % WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT yet women make 52 percent of Zimbabwe population|work=newzimbabwevision.com|date=2018-03-12|accessdate=2018-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212710/http://newzimbabwevision.com/rwanda-has-61-3-women-in-government-and-zimbabwes-has-35-women-in-government-yet-women-make-52-percent-of-zimbabwe-population/|archivedate=March 27, 2018}}</ref> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mgt2odtrm9ntvbok1nqayylkzk63wrq 0 64539 727766 721549 2026-09-25T00:49:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox criminal|name=Henry Okah|birth_date={{birth year and age|1965}}|birth_place=[[Lagos State]], Nigeria|movement=[[Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta]]|criminal_charge=Terrorism, treason, illegal possession of firearms, arms trafficking|conviction_penalty=24 years|conviction_status=Imprisoned at Ebongweni Correctional Centre}} '''Henry Okah''' (onye amụrụ n'afọ 1965, na steeti Lagos Naijiria) bụ onye a na-eche na ọ bụ onye ndú ndị agha okpuru nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nke a na-akpọ Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), nke ọ na-agọnahụ.<ref name="time">{{Cite news|first=Will|author=Connors|title=The Nigerian Rebel Who 'Taxes' Your Gasoline|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1809979,00.html|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=2008-05-28|accessdate=2008-07-18|archive-date=2009-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315173540/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1809979,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == MEND ekwetala na ọ bụ ha kpatara mwakpo a wakporo ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na-arụ ọrụ na Niger Delta kwa mgbe site na iji nkwutọ, agha ndị agha ma ọ bụ ịtọrọ ndị ọrụ mmanụ si mba ọzọ. Ebumnobi ndị nnupụisi ahụ bụ imebi mmasị ndị mba ọzọ bany mmanụ Niger Delta, bụ ndị nnupụisi na-ekwenye na ha na-erigbu ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ. MEND kwupụtara ntọala ya na mbido afọ 2006 site na ọtụtụ mwakpo na akụrụngwa mmanụ Naịjirịa nke belatara mmepụta kwa ụbọchị site na ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ, <ref name="voa">{{Cite news|first=Gilbert|author=da Costa|title=Suspected Nigerian Militant Faces More Charges at Secret Trial|url=http://voanews.com/english/2008-07-07-voa21.cfm?renderforprint=1&textonly=1&&CFID=10617603&CFTOKEN=67027532|work=[[Voice of America News]]|date=2008-07-28|accessdate=2013-10-16|archive-date=2008-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709082530/http://voanews.com/english/2008-07-07-voa21.cfm?renderforprint=1&textonly=1&&CFID=10617603&CFTOKEN=67027532|url-status=dead}}</ref> yana mgbasa ozi ọkaibe dị mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ozi ịntanetị iji kwekọọ na mwakpo ahụ. <ref name="time"/> MEND mepụtara isi akụkọ na Naijiria mgbe ọ mara ọkwa na ọ ga-esonye na mkparịta ụka udo, ma ọ bụrụ na onye bụbu onye isi ala United States bụ [[Jimmy Carter]] ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ George Clooney.<ref name="time" /> O kwukwara na nzukọ ahụ na-atụle nkwụsịtụ agha mgbe ọ natara "arịrịọ" site n'aka Onye isi ala US [[Barack Obama]], onye gọnahụrụ ime arịrịọ na mbụ.<ref name="time" /> E jidere Okah n'obodo [[Angola]] ma chụga ya na Naịjirịa n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2008, ma boo ya ebubo ruru iri isii na abụọ dika ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru, iyi ọha egwu, inwe égbè n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na ịzụ ahịa égbè, ebe ndị ọkàiwu na-achọ ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ.<ref name="voa"/> O kwuru na ọ "na-akwado ndị bi na mpaghara Delta ka ha ghara inwe ikike, ndị na-ahụ obere uru site na mmanụ a na-agbapụta n'okpuru ha. " Onye ọka iwu Okah, [[Femi Falana]], kwuru na gọọmentị Naijiria gobiri ya, site n'inye ya ikike nke ọtụtụ blọk mmanụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ jụrụ. <ref name="time"/> Ikpe ahụ, nke malitere n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mere ya na nzuzo, n'ihi na Onye isi ala [[Umaru Yar'Adua]] kwuru na "ọ ga-emebi nchekwa obodo". <ref name="time" /> <ref name="voa" /> Ndị ọka iwu maka Okah kwuru na ikpe mechiri emechi bụ mmebi nke ikike ya ma rịọ ụlọ ikpe dị elu ka ọ gbanwee mkpebi ahụ.<ref name="voa" /> Na nzaghachi, n'onwa Mee 26, n'afọ 2008, MEND wakporo paịpụ Royal Dutch Shell na mpaghara Delta, ma kwuo na ya egbuola ndị agha Naijiria 11.<ref name="time"/> Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị Naijiria gọnahụrụ ọnwụ ahụ, ọnụahịa mmanụ ahụ rịrị elu $ 1 n'ahịa ụwa n'ime awa ole na ole nke mwakpo ahụ.<ref name="time" /> E-mail sitere na MEND dọrọ aka ná ntị "[mgbalị ha]... bụ mmegwara maka njide ya na-enweghị isi. "<ref name="time" /> N'ọnwa Julaị nke afọ 2009, onye ọka iwu Okah kwupụtara na ọ nabatara mgbaghara nke gọọmentị Naijiria nyere onye nnupụisi ọ bụla dị njikere ịtọgbọ ngwá agha ha, na mgbalị ịkwụsị mwakpo a na-awakpo ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ.<ref name="Nigeria rebel 'accepts amnesty'">{{Cite news|title=Nigeria rebel 'accepts amnesty'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8143195.stm|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2009-07-10|accessdate=2009-07-11}}</ref> Onye isi ọrụ MEND "General" Boyloaf kwuru na, ọ bụrụ na a tọhapụ Okah, nzukọ ahụ n'ezịe ga-atọgbọ ngwa agha ya. Jomo Gbomo, onye na-ekwuchitere nzukọ ahụ, kwadoro mkpebi Okah, ebe ọ bụ na ahụike ya na-ada.<ref name="Nigeria rebel 'accepts amnesty'" /> Otú ọ dị, ndị isi MEND ndị ọzọ kwuru na ha ga-ajụ mgbaghara ahụ.<ref name="Nigeria releases key rebel leader" /> Na onwa Julaị 13, n'afọ 2009, Ọkàikpe Mohammed Liman mara ọkwa na a tọhapụrụ Okah, na igwa ya n'onwe ya: "Mgbe a tụleghachiri ihe onye ọka iwu kwuru, ị ghọwo onye nweere onwe ya n'oge a".<ref name="Nigeria releases key rebel leader">{{Cite news|title=Nigeria releases key rebel leader|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8148535.stm|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2009-07-13|accessdate=2009-07-13}}</ref> E jidere Okah ọzọ na Johannesburg na úbọchị Satọdee, Ọktoba 2, mgbe mwakpo nke ụbọchị nnwere onwe Naịjirịa nke afọ 2010 gburu mmadụ iri na abụọ. Ọ "na-azọrọ na ọ maghị ihe ọ bụla gbasara bọmbụ ndị a".<span according="" an="" article="" besides="" by="" come="" does="" from="" october="" post.="" quite="" the="" to="" washington="" where="">citation needed</span>&#x5D;" Na úbọchị Mọnde, nke ọnwa Jenụwarị 21, n'afọ 2013, ụlọ ikpe South Africa mara Okah ikpe maka ebubo iri na atọ nke iyi ọha egwu, gụnyere bọmbụ gburu mmadụ iri na abụọ na Abuja n'October 1, 2010. N'inye mkpebi ikpe ahụ, Ọkàikpe Nels Claassen kwuru, "M kwubiri na steeti ahụ gosipụtara ikpe nke onye a na-ebo ebubo karịa obi abụọ". <ref name="South African Court Convicts Henry Okah">{{Cite news|title=Breaking news: S/Africa court convicts Henry Okah of 13 acts of terrorism|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/01/breaking-news-safrica-court-convicts-henry-okah-of-13-acts-of-terrorism/|publisher=[[Vanguard Nigeria]]|date=2013-01-21|accessdate=2013-01-23}}</ref> A mara Okah ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ 24 ma na-eje ozi ugbu a na Ebongweni Correctional Centre na Kokstad, South Africa. N'oge ikpe ahụ, o kwusiri ike na aka ya dị ọcha, na-ekwu na ikpe ahụ bụ n'ihi na ọ jụrụ ịkwado nkwupụta na ebubo nke Onye isi ala Naịjirịa Goodluck Jonathan na ndị isi si Northern Nigeria gburu mwakpo nke October 1st Independence Day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thestreetjournal.org/2012/05/“jonathan-begged-me-to-blame-north-for-october-1-blasts”-henry-okah-claims/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506074422/http://thestreetjournal.org/2012/05/%e2%80%9cjonathan-begged-me-to-blame-north-for-october-1-blasts%e2%80%9d-henry-okah-claims/|archivedate=2012-05-06|title="Jonathan Begged Me To Blame North For October 1 Blasts", Henry Okah Claims}} </ref> Mgbe ikpe ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe na Maachị 7, 2018, a mara Charles Okah, nwanne ya nwoke, ikpe maka ịhazi mwakpo ụbọchị nnwere onwe ma nye ya ikpe ndụ. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] a2jpgtky7zvs7ey3wluo2ng4q4m7nil 0 64858 727861 638150 2026-09-25T07:55:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2017-JAL-10034.jpg|thumb|2017-JAL-10034]] '''Jennifer A. Lewis''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1964) bụ onye sayensị na injinia kacha mara amara maka nyocha ya na mgbak colloidal nke ceramics na mbiputa 3D nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, nke owuwu, na nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.<ref name="seas">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/jalewis|title=Jennifer A. Lewis|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences|accessdate=10 March 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara Lewis dị ka onye otu National Academy of Engineering maka mmepe nke ihe na usoro maka mmepụta atọ nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche. == Agụmakwụkwọ na mmalite ọrụ == Lewis gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere BS na Mahadum Illinois na Urbana-Champaign na nsọpụrụ dị elu na injinia ceramic na 1986 wee nweta Sc. D. na sayensị ceramic site na Massachusetts Institute of Technology na 1991 n'okpuru nduzi nke Michael J. Cima. Aha edemede ya bụ Binder Distribution Processes in Ceramic Green Tapes During Thermolysis . Site na 1990 ruo 1997 ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Illinois, ọ bụkwa onye mmekọ dị ka prọfesụ nyocha na Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.<ref name="seas"/><ref name="cv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.matse.illinois.edu/downloads/facultyfiles/2011_CV_JALewis.pdf|title=Jennifer A. Lewis, Curriculum Vitae (updated September, 2011)|date=September 6, 2011|work=University of Illinois Department of Materials Science and Engineering|accessdate=10 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529063959/http://www.matse.illinois.edu/downloads/facultyfiles/2011_CV_JALewis.pdf|archivedate=29 May 2015}}</ref> == Mgbe e mesịrị Oru == A kwalitere Lewis ka ọ bụrụ osote prọfesọ n'afọ 1997 na prọfesụ n'afọ 2003. N'afọ 2002, o so dezie akwụkwọ Polymers in Particulate Systems: Properties and Applications nke o nyekwara aka na isi nke akpọrọ "Colloid-filled Polymer Gels: a Novel Approach to Ceramics Fabrication".<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Hackley|title=Polymers in Particulate Systems : Properties and Applications|series=Surfactant Science Series|language=en|location=New York|publisher=Marcel Dekker|year=2002|isbn=9780824706784|oclc=48383538}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, a họpụtara Lewis ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi oge ma mesịa bụrụ onye nduze nke UIUC's Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory n'afọ 2007.<ref name="cv"/><ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=July 12, 2006|title=Talk focuses on nature's engineering|work=The Daily Camera|page=News section, A03}}</ref> N'afọ 2013 ọ kwagara Mahadum Harvard dị ka Hansjörg Wyss Prọfesọ nke Injinịa Ntụziaka na Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences . <ref name="seas"/> == Nnyocha == ụlọ nyocha Lewis na-arụ ọrụ na nchịkọta nke ihe ndị dị nro. Ọrụ a na-agụnye microfluidics, ihe ndị mejupụtara, mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya, na nzukọ robotic iji mepụta ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ ndị nwere ike ịchọta ngwa dị ka ngwá electronic e biri ebi, waveguides, na 3D scaffolds na microvascular architectures maka cell culture na tissue engineering.<ref name="seas"/> Ọ bụ onye isi nke Wyss Institute's 3D Organ Engineering Initiative . <ref name="Boulder">{{Cite web|url=https://www.colorado.edu/biofrontiers/jennifer-lewis|title=Jennifer Lewis|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|work=University of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute|accessdate=November 1, 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, ndị otu Lewis wepụtara batrị 3D mbụ e biri ebi n'ụwa, nke e ji ink abụọ dị iche iche mee.<ref name="Orcutt">{{Cite journal|author=Orcutt|first=Mike|date=September–October 2013|title=A Hint of 3-D Printing's Promise|journal=MIT Technology Review|volume=116|issue=5}}</ref> Lewis bụ onye dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 160 ma nwee ikike ikike ikike iri na abụọ, gụnyere ikike ikike maka ihe ndị e mepụtara dịgasị iche iche dị ka ụzọ isi bipụta anụ ahụ mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ 3D <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-4177622551.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313042320/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-4177622551.html|archivedate=March 13, 2017|title=WIPO Publishes Patent of President and Fellows of Harvard College for "Methods of Generating Functional Human Tissue" (American Inventors)|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=September 11, 2016|publisher=US Fed News Service|accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref> na mkpụrụ ndụ microbattery. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-4185998431.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313042323/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-4185998431.html|archivedate=March 13, 2017|title=WIPO Publishes Patent of President and Fellows of Harvard College for "Method of Making an Electrode Structure and a Microbattery Cell" (American Inventors)|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=September 18, 2016|publisher=US Fed News Service|accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere Voxel8, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hettlinger|first=Johnathan|date=October 9, 2015|title=Professors offer glimpse of the future|url=http://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/2015-10-09/professors-offer-glimpse-future.html|work=News-Gazette|accessdate=10 March 2017}}</ref> ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta usoro obibi akwụkwọ 3D nke nwere ike ibipụta ihe ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ, nke ndị na-etinye ego gụnyere In-Q-Tel <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://3dprintingindustry.com/2015/03/05/voxel8-electronics-3d-printer-receives-investment-from-us-intelligence-community/|title=Voxel8 Electronics 3D Printer Receives Investment from US Intelligence Community|author=Molitch-Hou|first=Michael|date=March 5, 2015|work=3D Printing Industry|accessdate=3 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308114438/http://3dprintingindustry.com/2015/03/05/voxel8-electronics-3d-printer-receives-investment-from-us-intelligence-community/|archivedate=8 March 2015}}</ref> na Braemar Energy Ventures. <ref name="BW">{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150105005107/en/Voxel8-Launches-World’s-3D-Electronics-Printer-CES|title=Voxel8 Launches World's First 3D Electronics Printer at CES; Partners with Autodesk|author=Oliver|first=Daniel|date=January 5, 2015|work=www.businesswire.com|publisher=Business Wire|accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref> Voxel8 emeela ihe nbipute eletrọniki 3D nke mbụ n'ụwa. Na Jenụwarị 2015, Lewis gwara Business Wire: "Voxel8 na-eme ihe karịrị afọ iri nke nyocha, nke dugara na 17 patent (10 nyere) na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, printheads, na usoro ndị ọzọ maka obibi akwụkwọ 3D, site na ụlọ nyocha m.... Ọrụ anyị na-enye ntọala maka mbọ Voxel8 na-agba iji gbanwee ọtụtụ ihe obibi akwụkwọ 3R. "<ref name="BW" /> Lewis bụkwa onye guzobere Electroninks, Inc., ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ink ọlaọcha na-emeghachi omume nke a na-eji n'ahịa eletrọniki e biri ebi, yana n'ahịa biomedicinal na electronic circuit.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Dodson|first=Don|date=April 14, 2013|title=UI researcher starting silver-inks firm in C-U|url=http://www.news-gazette.com/news/business/2013-04-14/ui-researcher-starting-silver-inks-firm-c-u.html|work=News-Gazette|accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere mkpọsa Kickstarter na Nọvemba 20, 2013, na ebumnuche nke ịnakọta $ 85,000 iji nyere aka na mmepụta nke mkpịsị akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Circuit Scribe nke nwere ike ịmepụta circuit eletrọniki. Mgbe naanị ụbọchị iri na ise n'ime mkpọsa ahụ gasịrị, ndị na-akwado ya kwere nkwa $ 451,698 maka ngwaahịa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Dodson|first=Don|date=December 8, 2013|title=Ink-credible response for electronic-circuit pen|url=http://www.news-gazette.com/news/business/2013-12-08/ink-credible-response-electronic-circuit-pen.html|work=News-Gazette|accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref> Mgbe mkpọsa Kickstarter mechiri na Disemba 31, 2013, ngụkọta nke $ 674,425 nwetara maka Circuit Scribe site na ndị nkwado 12,277.<ref name="kickstarter">{{Cite web|title=Circuit Scribe: Draw Circuits Instantly|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/electroninks/circuit-scribe-draw-circuits-instantly|work=www.kickstarter.com|accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ edepụtala akwụkwọ ya ihe karịrị ugboro 67,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=Wdny3bkAAAAJ|title=Jennifer A. Lewis|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2025|work=Google Scholar|accessdate=March 1, 2025}}</ref> == Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ugwu == Lewis bụ onye otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences (ahọrọ na 2012), <ref name="aaas">{{Cite web|title=Book of Members|url=https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/publications/bookofmembers/ChapterL.pdf|work=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref> National Academy of Engineering (ahọrọ 2017), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nae.edu/?id=165210|title=National Academy of Engineering Elects 84 Members and 22 Foreign Members|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=February 8, 2017|publisher=National Academy of Engineering|accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref> na National Academy of Sciences (ahụrụ na 2018). <ref name="nas2018">{{Cite news|title=National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/May-1-2018-NAS-Election.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|date=May 1, 2018|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015204017/http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/May-1-2018-NAS-Election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu American Ceramic Society, American Physical Society, Materials Research Society, na National Academy of Inventors.<ref name="fellows">{{Cite web|url=https://wyss.harvard.edu/news/two-of-harvards-wyss-institute-core-faculty-members-elected-as-fellows-of-the-national-academy-of-inventors/|title=Two of Harvard's Wyss Institute core faculty members elected as Fellows of the National Academy of Inventors|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=December 15, 2015|work=Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering|accessdate=November 1, 2020}}</ref> Ọ natara National Science Foundation Presidential Faculty Fellow Award (1994), Schlumberger Foundation Award (1995), Brunauer Award na Robert B. Sossman Award site na American Ceramic Society (2003; 2016), Materials Research Society Medal (2012), na Langmuir Lecture award site na American Chemical Society (2009). <ref name="cv"/> N’afọ 2014, magazin ''Foreign Policy'' họpụtara ya dịka otu n’ime “100 Ndị Nchepụta Uche Kasị Dị Mba N’ụwa” n’afọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=Nov–Dec 2014|title=The Innovators|journal=Foreign Policy|issue=209|pages=73–77}}</ref> N’afọ 2017, Lewis nwetara ihe nrite Lush Science n’ihi ọrụ ọ rụrụ na otu ya n’ịzụlite teknụzụ bioprinting dị iche iche, nke na-enye ohere imepụta ụdị 3D nke ahụ mmadụ, ma ọ nwere ike dochie ule anụmanụ n’ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na nyocha..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lushprize.org/awards/science-prize/|title=Science Prize: Previous winners|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2018|work=lushprize.org|accessdate=November 1, 2020}}</ref> N’afọ 2018, Harvard Stem Cell Institute kpọrọ Lewis aha Prọfesọ Jianming Yu n’ụzọ nka na sayensị, iji gosi ekele maka “ọkachamara ya n’ụmụmụ ihe, nduzi, na nkuzi.” Onye isi oche nke afọ ise a ga-enyere Lewis na ndị otu ya nkwado maka nnyocha ha n’ịkwalite mmepe na ngalaba stem cell na ọgwụ mgbake. N'afọ 2019, Mahadum nke Edinburgh nyere Lewis nzere Doctorate of Science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-administration/graduations/honorary/future-honorary-grads|title=Honorary Graduates in 2019|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=January 18, 2019|work=www.ed.ac.uk|publisher=The University of Edinburgh|accessdate=3 July 2019}}</ref> Na Septemba 2020, e nyere Lewis nsọpụrụ site na otu n'ime onyinye Genius atọ nke Liberty Science Center nyere na Genius Gala ha kwa afọ.<ref name="LSC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.roi-nj.com/2020/09/21/tech/tonights-virtual-genius-gala-will-feature-4-covid-challengers-as-well-as-3-genius-award-nominees/|title=Tonight's virtual Genius Gala will feature 4 'COVID Challengers' as well as 3 Genius Award nominees|author=Bergeron|first=Tom|date=September 21, 2020|work=ROI-NJ|accessdate=November 2, 2020}}</ref> Lewis bụ onye nkuzi pụrụ iche nke 2020-2021 maka Hagler Institute for Advanced Study na Mahadum Texas A&amp;amp;M . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.tamu.edu/2020/10/07/texas-am-hagler-institute-announces-2020-21-hagler-fellows-distinguished-lecturer/|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Texas A&M Hagler Institute Announces 2020-21 Hagler Fellows, Distinguished Lecturer|work=Texas A&M Today|date=October 7, 2020|accessdate=November 1, 2020|archivedate=November 5, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105053654/https://today.tamu.edu/2020/10/07/texas-am-hagler-institute-announces-2020-21-hagler-fellows-distinguished-lecturer/}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2025, National Academy of Sciences nyere Lewis James Prize na Science and Technology Integration, iji kwado "onyinye ya na sayensị ihe ndị dị ndụ nke nwere ngwa dị iche iche na bioprinting".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Chen|first=Xinni (Sunshine)|date=February 3, 2025|title=SEAS Professor Jennifer Lewis Awarded James Prize|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2025/2/3/seas-lewis-jamesprize-/|work=The Harvard Crimson|accessdate=March 1, 2025}}</ref> == Ebe nsi bia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1923ndxsjtv3cztwoymk69uh3ug3pu1 0 65416 727647 444963 2026-09-24T15:12:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727647 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Elie Léo Wollman''' (July 4, 1917 - June 1, 2008) bụ onye France na-ahụ maka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ụmụ irighiri ihe bụ onye mbụ kọwara plasmids (ihe ọ kpọrọ "episomes"), ma jee ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nyocha maka Pasteur Institute ruo afọ iri abụọ. E nyere ya ihe nrite 1976 Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer site n'aka ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị French na Chevalier nke French Legion of Honour.[1] Ọ bụ nwa nke microbiologists na Pasteur Institute, Eugène na Elisabeth Wollman, na nna Francis-André Wollman, ọkà mmụta sayensị ọzọ a ma ama. == Nnyocha == * N'ime ụlọ nyocha ya na Pasteur Institute na Paris, Wollman rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkọwa nhazi nke ihe nketa. * Mepụtara usoro nnwale nke nkwụsịtụ mmekọrịta, nke kwadoro eserese mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke chromosomes nje bacteria. Ọrụ a tọrọ ntọala maka ọrụ Francois Jacob nwetara [[Ihe nrite Nobel]]. * Ya na Francois Jacob, o bipụtara otu akwụkwọ, Sexuality and the genetics of bacteria (aha French: La sexualité des bactéries), na 1959. == Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara == * {{Cite book|publisher=Academic Press|author=Wollman|first=Élie L|title=Sexuality and the genetics of bacteria|location=New York|year=1961}} * {{Cite journal|author=Wollman|first=E. L.|title=Conjugation and Genetic Recombination in Escherichia coli K-12|doi=10.1101/SQB.1956.021.01.012|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology|volume=21|pages=141–162|year=1956|pmid=13433587}} == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201224438/http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/wollman-elie.pdf Robert Dantzer na Keith W. Kelley, "Elie Wollman", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2009)] dp98d112w3fbmyicwh0rlrwjp428k08 0 65599 727736 698913 2026-09-24T22:03:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727736 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Gertrude Elion (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gertrude Elion ]]   '''Gertrude "Trudy"''' <ref name="jwa.org">{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/elion-gertrude-belle|title=Gertrude Elion {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive|work=jwa.org|accessdate=2019-04-09}}</ref> Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 - February 21, 1999) bụ onye American biochemist na ọkachamara n'ịzụ ọgwụ, bụ onye keere 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine na George H. Hitchings na Sir James Black maka ojiji nke ụzọ ọhụrụ nke imepụta ọgwụ ezi uche dị na ya maka mmepe ọgwụ ọhụrụ. Usoro ọhụrụ a lekwasịrị anya n'ịghọta ebumnuche ọgwụ ahụ kama iji naanị iji nnwale na njehie. Ọrụ ya mere ka e mepụta ọgwụ mgbochi retroviral AZT, nke bụ ọgwụ mbụ e ji alụso ọrịa AIDS ọgụ. Ọrụ ya a ma ama na-agụnyekwa mmepe nke ọgwụ mbụ nke immunosuppressive, azathioprine, nke a na-eji alụso ndị a jụrụ ajụ na transplants akụkụ ahụ, na ọgwụ mbụ na-aga nke ọma nke antiviral, acyclovir (ACV), nke a na-eji agwọ ọrịa herpes.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kresge|first=Nicole|title=Developing the Purine Nucleoside Analogue Acyclovir: the Work of Gertrude B. Elion|journal=J. Biol. Chem.|date=May 9, 2008|volume=283|issue=19|doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(20)59806-2}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Elion na New York City na Jenụwarị 23, 1918, <ref name="formemrs" />nye ndị nne na nna Robert Elion, onye Juu kwabatara na Lithuania na dọkịta ezé, na Bertha Cohen, onye Juu kwabatara na Poland. Ezinụlọ ya tụfuru akụ na ụba ha mgbe Mkpọka Wall Street nke 1929 gasịrị. <ref name="Stille" /> : 64 Elion bụ nwa akwụkwọ magburu onwe ya nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Walton High School mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise.<ref name="jwa.org" /> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, nna nna ya nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa afọ, na ịnọnyere ya n'oge ikpeazụ ya kpaliri Elion ịchụso ọrụ na sayensị na ọgwụ na kọleji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gertrude Elion, M.Sc. Biography and Interview|work=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/gertrude-elion/}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> <ref name="Larsen">{{Cite web|author=Larsen|first=Kristine|title=Gertrude Elion 1918–1999|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/elion-gertrude-belle|work=Jewish Women's Archive Encyclopedia|accessdate=November 1, 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ Phi Beta Kappa na Hunter College, nke o nwere ike ịga n'efu n'ihi akara ya, gụsịrị akwụkwọ summa cum laude na 1937 na nzere na chemistry. <ref name="jwa.org" /><ref name="Colburn">{{Cite news|author=Colburn|first=Don|title=PATHWAY TO THE PRIZE|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1988/10/25/pathway-to-the-prize/12924d14-d134-455b-aa9f-d7a494ddeb86/|accessdate=25 November 2019|work=Washington Post|date=October 25, 1988}}</ref><ref name="Elion">{{Cite web|author=Elion|first=Gertrude|title=Les Prix Nobel|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/elion-bio.html|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=February 21, 2014}}</ref> Enweghị ike ịchọta ọrụ nyocha na-akwụ ụgwọ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ihi na ọ bụ nwanyị, Elion rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ na onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ akwụghị ụgwọ na ụlọ nyocha kemịkalụ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ kpakọbara ego zuru ezu iji gaa Mahadum New York wee nweta M.Sc. na 1941, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'ụbọchị.<ref name=":1" />{{Cite journal|author=Avery|first=Mary Ellen|date=2008-12-12|title=Gertrude Belle Elion. 23 January 1918 — 21 February 1999|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|language=en|volume=54|pages=161–168|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2007.0051|issn=0080-4606}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe ọ natara onyinye Nobel ya, o kwuru na ya kwenyere na naanị ihe mere o ji nwee ike ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya dị ka nwa agbọghọ bụ n'ihi na o nwere ike ịga Hunter College n'efu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1988/elion/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988|work=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-23}}</ref> A jụrụ arịrịọ enyemaka ego ya iri na ise maka ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ihi ajọ mbunobi nwoke na nwanyị, ya mere ọ debanyere aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ odeakwụkwọ, ebe ọ gara naanị izu isii tupu ọ chọta ọrụ.<ref name="Stille" /> : 65 : 65  N'enweghị ike inweta ọkwa nyocha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta nri na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa A&amp;amp;P <ref name="Stille">{{Cite book|author=Stille|first=Darlene R.|title=Extraordinary Women Scientists|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780516405858|publisher=Childrens Press|date=1995}}</ref>: 65na maka ụlọ nyocha nri na New York, na-anwale acidity nke pickles na agba nkochi ime akwa na-abanye na Mayonezi. Ọ kwagara n'ọkwa na Johnson & Johnson nke o nwere olile anya na ọ ga-akawanye mma, mana n'ikpeazụ gụnyere ịnwale ike nke sutures.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=The Legacy of Great Science: The Work of Nobel Laureate Gertrude Elion Lives On|journal=The Oncologist|volume=11|issue=9|pages=961–965|author=Koeing|first=Rick|doi=10.1634/theoncologist.11-9-961|pmid=17030634|year=2006}}</ref> N'afọ 1944, ọ hapụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere George H. Hitchings aka na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ Burroughs-Wellcome (nke bụ GlaxoSmithKline ugbu a) na Tuckahoe, New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1988/elion-autobio.html|title=Autobiography of Elion at NobelPrize.org|work=Nobel.se|accessdate=March 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/|title=Biographical Memoirs Home|work=nasonline.org|accessdate=March 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/womenofvalor/elion|title=Gertrude Elion - Jewish Women's Archive|work=JWA.org|accessdate=March 2, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519221129/https://jwa.org/womenofvalor/elion|archivedate=May 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/23/us/gertrude-elion-drug-developer-dies-at-81.html|title=Gertrude Elion, Drug Developer, Dies at 81|first=Lawrence K.|author=Altman|date=February 23, 1999|accessdate=March 2, 2019|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="Bouton">{{Cite news|author=Bouton|first=Katherine|title=The Nobel Pair|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/29/magazine/the-nobel-pair.html|accessdate=25 November 2019|work=The New York Times|date=January 29, 1989}}</ref> Hitchings na-eji ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ịmepụta ọgwụ, site na ịkpachara anya iṅomi ihe ndị sitere n'okike kama site na nnwale na njehie. N'ụzọ doro anya, o nwere mmasị na ijikọta ndị na-emegide ya na nucleic acid derivatives, na ebumnuche na ndị na-eguzogide ya ga-abanye n'ime ụzọ ndụ.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Avery|first=Mary Ellen|date=2008-12-12|title=Gertrude Belle Elion. 23 January 1918 — 21 February 1999|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|language=en|volume=54|pages=161–168|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2007.0051|issn=0080-4606}}</ref> O kwenyere na ọ bụrụ na ọ nwere ike ịghọ aghụghọ mkpụrụ ndụ kansa ka ha nabata ihe ndị aka mere maka uto ha, enwere ike ibibi ha n'emeghị ka ha bibie mkpụrụ ndụ nkịtị.<ref name="Stille" /> : 65 Elion mepụtara anti-metabolites nke purines, na 1950, ọ mepụtara ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa kansa Tioguanine na mercaptopurine. <ref name="Stille" /><ref name=":0" /> : 66 : 66  Ọ gara akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ abalị na Mahadum New York Tandon School of Engineering (nke bụ Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute n'oge ahụ), mana mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke njem dị anya gasịrị, a gwara ya na ọ gaghịzi enwe ike ịga n'ihu na doctorate ya na nwa oge, mana ọ ga-achọ ịhapụ ọrụ ya wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ oge niile. Elion mere mkpebi dị oke mkpa na ndụ ya, wee nọgide na ọrụ ya ma kwụsị ịchụso doctorate ya.<ref name="Elion" /> Ọ nwetụbeghị Ph.D. n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, mana e mechara nye ya Ph.D nke nsọpụrụ site na Mahadum New York Tandon School of Engineering (nke bụ mgbe ahụ Mahadum Polytechnic nke New York) na 1989 na nzere S.D. nke nsọpụrụ na Mahadim Harvard na 1998.<ref name="CHF">{{Cite web|title=George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/george-hitchings-and-gertrude-elion|work=Science History Institute|accessdate=20 March 2018|date=June 2016}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Hunter College, Elion zutere Leonard Canter, nwa akwụkwọ ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ na City College of New York (CCNY). Ha mere atụmatụ ịlụ di na nwunye, mana Canter dara ọrịa. Na June 25, 1941, ọ nwụrụ site na endocarditis bacteria, ọrịa nke valves nke obi ya.<ref name="McDowell">{{Cite journal|author=McDowell|first=Julie L.|date=2002|title=A lifetime quest for a cure|url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/mdd/v05/i10/pdf/1002timeline.pdf|journal=Modern Drug Discovery|issue=October|pages=51–52|accessdate=February 14, 2018}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ Nobel ya, o kwuru na nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye sayensị na-eme nchọpụta na onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ. Elion alụghị di ma ọ bụ mụọ ụmụ.<ref name="Stille"/> : 65 O depụtara ihe omume ntụrụndụ ya dị ka foto, njem, opera na ballet, na ige egwu.<ref name="Nobel">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/elion-autobio.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988: Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings|author=Staff|year=1988|publisher=Nobelprize.org|accessdate=October 20, 2012}}</ref> Mgbe Burroughs Wellcome kwagara Research Triangle Park na North Carolina, Elion kwagara Chapel Hill dị nso. Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1983 site na Burroughs Wellcome iji nwetakwuo oge na-eme njem na ịga opera. Ọ gara n'ihu na-enye onyinye sayensị dị mkpa mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká.<ref name=":0"/> Otu n'ime ihe na-atọ ya ụtọ n'oge a bụ ịgba ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ume ịchụso ọrụ na sayensị.<ref name=":2" >{{Cite journal|title=Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-1999)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1999-05-28_284_5419/page/1480|journal=Science|volume=284|issue=5419|pages=1480|author=Colvin|first=Michael|date=May 28, 1999|doi=10.1126/science.284.5419.1480|pmid=10383327}}</ref> Elion nwụrụ na North Carolina na 1999, mgbe ọ dị afọ 81.<ref name="Stille"/> : 76 : 76  == Ọrụ na nyocha == Ọ bụ ezie na Elion nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ iji kwado onwe ya ma tinye onwe ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Elion rụkwara ọrụ maka National Cancer Institute, American Association for Cancer Research, na World Health Organization, n'etiti òtù ndị ọzọ. Site na 1967 ruo 1983, ọ bụ onye isi nke ngalaba nke ọgwụgwọ nnwale maka Burroughs Wellcome. Ọ lara ezumike nká na Burroughs na Wellcome na 1983. Ọ sonyeere Mahadum Duke dị ka osote prọfesọ nke ọgwụ na nke ọgwụ nnwale site na 1971 ruo 1983 na prọfesor nyocha site na 1983 ruo 1999.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wayne|first=Tiffany K.|title=American Women of Science Since 1900: Essays A–H. Vol. 1|date=October 11, 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn=978-1598841589}}</ref> N'oge ọ nọ na Duke, o lekwasịrị anya n'ịduzi ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ. O bipụtara ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri abụọ na ise ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ọ zụrụ na Duke.<ref name=":2" />{{Cite journal|title=Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-1999)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1999-05-28_284_5419/page/1480|journal=Science|volume=284|issue=5419|pages=1480|author=Colvin|first=Michael|date=May 28, 1999|doi=10.1126/science.284.5419.1480|pmid=10383327}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> Ọbụna mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Burroughs Wellcome, Gertrude gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ oge niile na ụlọ nyocha ahụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe nke AZT, otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị mbụ e ji gwọọ HIV na AIDS.<ref name=":1"/> Ọ dịkwa mkpa na mmepe nke nelarabine, nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1999. <ref name=":0"/> Kama ịdabere na ikpe na njehie, Elion na Hitchings chọpụtara ọgwụ ọhụrụ site na iji usoro ọgwụgwọ ezi uche dị na ya, bụ nke ji ọdịiche dị na biochemistry na metabolism dị n'etiti sel mmadụ nkịtị na pathogens (ọrịa na-akpata ọrịa dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ cancer, protozoa, nje bacteria na nje) iji chepụta ọgwụ ndị nwere ike igbu ma ọ bụ gbochie mmepụta nke ụfọdụ nje na-emerụghị emerụ ahụ mmadụ. A na-eji ọgwụ ndị ha mepụtara agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche, dị ka leukemia, ịba, lupus, ịba ọcha n'anya, ogbu na nkwonkwo, gout, <ref name="ReferenceA" /> ịjụ transplantation (azathioprine), yana herpes (acyclovir, nke bụ ọgwụ mbụ ahọrọ ma dị irè nke ụdị ya). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Wasserman|first=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/47}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ mbụ Elion sitere na ojiji na mmepe nke purine derivatives. Nnyocha Elion nyere aka na mmepe nke:   == Ọrụ ndị Gertrude B. Elion họọrọ == * {{Cite journal|year=1951|title=Antagonists of Nucleic Acid Derivatives. VI. Purines|url=http://www.jbc.org/content/192/2/505.full.pdf|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=192|issue=2|pages=505–518|pmid=14907641|author=Elion GB|doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77771-0}} * "Mmekọrịta nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa kansa na Enzymes. " Na Pharmacological Basis of Cancer Chemotherapy (1975). * {{Cite journal|year=1989|title=The Purine Path to Chemotherapy|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2649979|journal=Science|volume=244|issue=4900|pages=41–47|doi=10.1126/science.2649979|author=Elion|first=G.|pmid=2649979}} * {{Cite journal|author=Elion|first=G. B.|year=1977|title=Selectivity of Action of an Antiherpetic Agent, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_1977-12_74_12/page/5716|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=74|issue=12|pages=5716–5720|doi=10.1073/pnas.74.12.5716|pmid=202961}} * {{Cite journal|author=Elion|first=Gertrude B.|year=1955|title=The Synthesis of 6-Thioguanine|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=77|issue=6|doi=10.1021/ja01611a082}} == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == N'afọ 1988, Elion nwetara [[Ihe nrite Nobel na Physiologi ma ọ bụ Medisin|Ihe nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine]], ya na Hitchings na Sir James Black maka nchọpụta nke "ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ dị mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wasserman|first=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|year=2000|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/46}}</ref> Elion bụ nwanyị nke ise nwetara ihe nrite Nobel na Medicine na nke itoolu na sayensị n'ozuzu ya, yana otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole nwetara ihe nrise na-enweghị nzere doctoral.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/womenofvalor/elion|title=Gertrude Elion {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive|work=jwa.org|accessdate=2019-04-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519221129/https://jwa.org/womenofvalor/elion|archivedate=2018-05-19}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị e nyere onyinye Nobel n'afọ ahụ. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Sciences na 1990, onye otu Institute of Medicine na 1991 na Fellow nke American Academy of Arts and Sciences kwa na 1991.<ref name="NAS">{{Cite web|title=Gertrude B. Elion|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/1653.html|work=National Academy of Sciences|accessdate=July 26, 2014|archive-date=September 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918084839/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/1653.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter E|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterE.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=July 25, 2014}}</ref> Ihe nrite ya gụnyere Garvan-Olin Medal (1968), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Francis P. Garvan–John M. Olin Medal|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/francis-p-garvan-john-m-olin-medal.html|work=American Chemical Society|accessdate=14 February 2018}}</ref> Sloan-Kettering Institute Judd Award (1983), <ref name="jwa.org" /> American Chemical Society Distinguished Chemist Award (1985), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|work=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award (1989), [3] American Association for Cancer Research Award Cain (1985), <ref name="NSF">{{Cite web|author=Staff|title=The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details: Gertrude B. Elion|publisher=[[National Science Foundation]]|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=118|accessdate=October 20, 2012}}</ref> American Cancer Society Medal of Honor (1990), [4] National Medal of Science (1991), [4] na Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award (1997).<ref>{{Cite web|title=$100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award Winners|url=https://lemelson.mit.edu/sites/default/files/content/documents/events/lemelson-mit-lifetime_achievement-1.pdf|work=MIT Technology Review Custom + Lemelson-MIT Program|accessdate=14 February 2018|archivedate=March 29, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329111211/https://lemelson.mit.edu/sites/default/files/content/documents/events/lemelson-mit-lifetime_achievement-1.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 1991, Elion ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ a nabatara na National Inventors Hall of Fame. <ref name="InventNow">{{Cite web|author=Staff|title=Invent Now: Hall of Fame: Gertrude Belle Elion|publisher=[[National Inventors Hall of Fame]]|url=http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/51.html|accessdate=October 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901222110/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/51.html|archivedate=September 1, 2012}}</ref> A nabatara ya na National Women's Hall of Fame kwa na 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/gertrude-belle-elion/|title=Elion, Gertrude Belle|work=National Women's Hall of Fame|accessdate=March 2, 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye Injinia na Ụlọ Nzukọ Sayensị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wasserman|first=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/49}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mba ọzọ nke Royal Society (ForMemRS) n'afọ 1995. <ref name="formemrs">{{Cite journal|author=Avery|first=Mary Ellen|authorlink=Mary Ellen Avery|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2007.0051|title=Gertrude Belle Elion. 23 January 1918 – 21 February 1999|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=54|pages=161–168|year=2008}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị * Ndepụta nke ndị Juu nwetara nrite Nobel == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j95zcxe9kp3kv4azg6tieh4alcq4qc8 0 66148 727605 698400 2026-09-24T12:31:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727605 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:דורית אהרונוב - צילום גרשון וויסרפירר.jpg|thumb|Dorit Aharonov]]   '''Dorit Aharonov''' (Hibru: דורית אהרונוב; amụrụ n'afọ 1970) bụ onye sayensị kọmputa nke Israel bụ ọkachamara na quantum computing. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Aharonov na Washington, D.C. wee tolite na Haifa, ada nke onye mgbakọ na mwepụ Dov Aharonov na nwa nwanne nke physics Yakir Aharonov. Aharonov gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Weizmann Institute of Science na MSc na physics. Ọ natara nzere doctorate ya maka Sayensị Kọmputa na 1999 site na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem, akwụkwọ edemede ya bụ Noisy Quantum Computation . <ref name="thesis">{{Cite web|title=Noisy Quantum Computation|url=http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~doria/thesis.ps}}</ref> O mekwara post-doctorate ya na ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Mahadum Princeton na ngalaba sayensị kọmputa nke Mahadim California Berkeley . <ref name="iqc"/> Ọ bụ onye nkuzi nleta na Institute for Advanced Study na 1998-99 . Aharonov enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye maka ọrụ nyocha ya. N'afọ 2005, magazin Nature họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime "ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto kachasị ama n'ọhịa ha", n'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ya ihe nrite Creel maka ọkachamma na nyocha sayensị.<ref>{{Cite news|title=כתב העת "נייצ'ר" בחר בד"ר דורית אהרונוב כאחת מארבעת מדעני הפיסיקה המבטיחים בעולם|url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/2005-01-09/ty-article/0000017f-ec65-d639-af7f-edf724360000|accessdate=2024-01-25|work=הארץ|language=he}}</ref> Aharonov bụ onye ọkà okwu a kpọrọ òkù na International Congress of Mathematicians 2010, Hyderabad na isiokwu nke "Akụkụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Sayensị Kọmputa".<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICM Plenary and Invited Speakers since 1897|url=http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByCongress.php|publisher=[[International Congress of Mathematicians]]|accessdate=2013-08-14|archivedate=2017-11-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108012153/http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByCongress.php}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Sciences na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2024-nas-election.html|title=News - NAS|access-date=2025-09-24|archive-date=2024-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430193331/https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2024-nas-election.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nnyocha == Nnyocha Aharonov na-elekwasị anya na usoro ozi quantum, nke gụnyere:<ref name="iqc">{{Cite web|title=Institute for Quantum Computing|url=http://www.iqc.ca/people/person.php?id=144|accessdate=2011-02-16|archivedate=2011-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706183308/http://www.iqc.ca/people/person.php?id=144}}</ref><ref name="dorit">{{Cite web|title=Dorit Aharonov's Home Page|url=http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~doria/|accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref> * algọridim dị iche iche * quantum cryptography na mgbagwoju anya nke mgbakọ na mwepụ * mgbazi njehie nke ọnụọgụ na nnagide njehie * njikọ dị n'etiti quantum computation na quantum Markov chains na lattices * quantum Hamiltonian mgbagwoju anya na njikọ ya na physics nke ihe mkpirikpi * mgbanwe site na quantum gaa na physics oge ochie * nghọta mgbagwoju anya site n'ịmụ ihe mgbagwoju ike == Nsọpụrụ na onyinye == * 2006 - Krill Prize for Excellence in Scientific Research<ref>{{Cite web|author=מיכל|date=2020-01-07|title=Dorit Aharonov|url=https://wolffund.org.il/dorit-aharonov/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=Wolf Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2014 - Michael Bruno Memorial Award <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-22|title=Dorit Aharonov|url=https://www.simonsfoundation.org/people/dorit-aharonov/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=Simons Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruno Laureates|url=https://iias.huji.ac.il/brunolaureates|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=iias.huji.ac.il}}</ref> * 2024 - ahọpụtara onye otu National Academy of Sciences == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~doria/ Ebe obibi Aharonov na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem] * [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v433/n7021/full/433009a.html Nkọwa n'Oké Ọdịdị''Okike''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027215540/http://www.q2cfestival.com/play.php?lecture_id=7757 Dorit Aharonov na mkparịta ụka panel, "Harnessing Quantum Physics"] na Michele Mosca, Avi Wigderson, Daniel Gottesman, Peter Shor, na Ignacio Cirac. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aharonov, Dorit}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k7km4920pxpupkq4nq7omhdcge7sr1j 0 66710 727816 721708 2026-09-25T04:26:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Infọmatiks Ahụike Uche''' bụ alaka nke health or clinical informatics nke lekwasịrị anya n'iji teknụzụ (IT) yana ozi iji melite ahụike ụbụrụ. Dị ka infọmatiks ahụike, infọmatiks ahụ ike uche bụ usoro ọmụmụ chịkọrọ ngalaba dị iche iche nke na-akwalite nnyefe nlekọta, ime nnyocha na agụmakwụkwọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Mental_health_informatics|title=Mental health informatics - Clinfowiki|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011724/http://www.clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Mental_health_informatics}}</ref> yana teknụzụ na usoro ndị achọrọ iji mejuputa ya. == Ịgụ Ọnụ na itinye koodu == * Okwu ndị dị na ya yana usoro koodu ndị dịka (DSM) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-updates/2017/different-approaches-to-understanding-and-classifying-mental-disorders|title=NIMH » Different Approaches to Understanding and Classifying Mental Disorders|work=www.nimh.nih.gov|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180944/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2017/different-approaches-to-understanding-and-classifying-mental-disorders.shtml|archivedate=2017-12-27}}</ref> * Nnwale ahụike uche kpọmkwem yana usoro nnyocha ahụ <ref name="y802">{{Cite web|title=Information for researchers and professionals about the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaires|work=sdqinfo.org|url=https://sdqinfo.org/|accessdate=2024-07-10|archivedate=2024-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706055639/https://www.sdqinfo.org/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawba.info/|title=Dawba|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2024-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710014043/https://www.dawba.info/}}</ref> == Usoro nchịkọta data na nchekwa == Nchịkọta ozi dị n'usoro dị mkpa maka omume na-aga nke ọma. Ịchịkọta data ndị bara uru maka nnyocha ahụ na ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa uche bụ ihe ịma aka mgba, ebe ọ bụ na anyị enweghị ọnụọgụ Biomarkers nke enwere ike iji mee ihe na infọmatiks ahụike a haziri ahazi, dị ka okpomọkụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọbara mgbali elu. N'ụzọ dị ukwuu, nnyocha ahụ na ọgwụgwọ dị ugbu a na-agbaso ajụjụ ọnụ ahụike dị n'etiti ndị ọkachamara na ndị ọrịa. Ajụjụ ọnụ gasị abụghị naanị na ọ na-esi ike isi na ya nweta data a haziri ahazi n'ihi ahụmịhe ojieme dị iche iche, ọnọdụ, na izi ezi nke ncheta onye ọrịa. Ọganihu dị ngwa ngwa n'usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ yana nchekwa nwere ike ịgbanwe usoro nchịkọta data a.<ref name="data-collection-prototype">{{Cite journal|doi=10.2196/resprot.6919|pmid=28600276|title=Data Collection for Mental Health Studies Through Digital Platforms: Requirements and Design of a Prototype|journal=JMIR Research Protocols|volume=6|issue=6|pages=e110|year=2017|author=Aledavood|first=Talayeh}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2014 na Ireland nyochara iji ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ dekọọ ọnọdụ obi na echiche kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="irish-mental-health-mobile-apps" /> Usoro nchịkọta dị otú ahụ ga-enye ọtụtụ data a haziri ahazi nke nsogbu ncheta ndị ọrịa na-emetụtachaghị. * Njikọ nke ọrụ ahụike uche n'ime usoro ndekọ ahụike elektrọniiki (EHRs) na usoro nhazi buru ibu === Sensọ ekwentị na nke dijitalụ === Ịdị ebe niile nke ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ na ngwá nyiwe kọmputa mkpanaka ndị ọzọ na-amalite ime ka ụdị nchịkọta data ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ gasị nwee ike arụmọrụ. Ọrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya a rụrụ ha bụ ndị mbụ na-eji nchịkọta data na-agaghị agafe agafe ejikọtara ya na nyocha iji nye ihe ndị dị mkpa dị ka: ogologo oge a na-anụta okwu mmadụ, ọrụ geospatial (ogologo ole e mere njem gaa kwa ụbọchị), mmegarį ahụ, na oge ụra.<ref name="next-gen-psych-assessment">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1037/prj0000130|pmid=25844912|title=Next-Generation Psychiatric Assessment: Using Smartphone Sensors to Monitor Behavior and Mental Health|journal=Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal|volume=38|issue=3|pages=218–226|year=2015|author=Ben-Zeev|first=Dror}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-emepụta ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ dị mfe nke nwere ike iji data ndị na-adịgide dochie akụkụ nke ajụjụ ọnụ ahụike ndị na-adịghị adịgide.<ref name="moodscope">{{Cite book|doi=10.1145/2462456.2464449|year=2013|author=LiKamWa|first=Robert|title=Proceeding of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services|chapter=MoodScope: Building a mood sensor from smartphone usage patterns|pages=389–402|isbn=978-1-4503-1672-9}}</ref><ref name="irish-mental-health-mobile-apps" /><ref name="mhealth">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1037/a0024485|title=mHealth for Mental Health: Integrating Smartphone Technology in Behavioral Healthcare|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_professional-psychology-research-and-practice_2011-12_42_6/page/505|journal=Professional Psychology: Research and Practice|volume=42|issue=6|pages=505–512|year=2011|author=Luxton|first=David D.}}</ref> == Nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanetị == Nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanetị, nnweta ọgwụ site n'ịntanet na nnweta nnyocha na ọgwụgwọ ụbụrụ site n'ịntanet bụ ụzọ ọhụrụ e si enye nlekọta ahụ nke teknụzụ mere ka o kwe omume. N'ụzọ doro anya, e nwere òtù ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-enyocha ojiji nke ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ iji na-enye árò ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ihe ncheta maka ịnara ọgwụgwọ m'ọbụrụ n'o metụta ahụike uche. Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ọgụgụ maka inweta ahụike site n'ịntanet na-ekwu maka ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọrịa ọ na-esi ike inye nlekọta ahụike ọdịnala, dị ka ndị nọ n'ime ime obodo, ndị agha, ma ọ bụ ndị agha gara lara ezumike. Ụdị ndị a ka ọ dịịrị mfe irite uru site na omume nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanet. Nnyocha nke onye nlekota nke ụlọ ọrụ US Veterans Affairs na North Carolina yana Virginia kpughere na pasent iri atọ na isii nke ndị ọrịa na-adị echere ihe karịrị otu ọnwa maka ịhụ onye dokinta nata ụ́sà ahụike ha.<ref name="va-appointments">{{Cite news|author=Slack|first=Donovan|date=March 3, 2017|title=Inaccurate VA wait times preclude thousands of vets from getting outside care, probe finds|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/03/veterans-affairs-inspector-general-widespread-inaccuracies-wait-times/98693856/|work=USA Today|accessdate=April 30, 2019}}</ref> Ndị ọkachamara na nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanet nwere mmasị ibelata oge ichere ndị a site n'ịbawanye akụkụ nke arụmọrụ nke ịhụ dọkịta na mgbé órià. === Atụmanya ndị ọrịa === N'ezie, iwebata ojiji dị ukwuu nke teknụzụ ọhụrụ n'ime ọrụ ahụike bụ nnukwu ọpụpụ site na ọgwụgwọ ahụike uche nke dị adị. Ọtụtụ nnyocha na-enyocha mmetụta nke iwebata teknụzụ n'ime ntinye aka ahụike n'òzùzù yana ọgwụgwọ ahụike uche kpọmkwem. Nnyochagharị nke ọtụtụ nnyocha emere chọpụtara na ndị ọrịa n'izugbe nwere afọ ojuju na nlekọta ahụike ha natara site n'ịntanet, agbanyeghị na enwere nzaghachị a gwara ọgwa gbasara ịdị irè na arụmọrụ nke mmemme ahụ. N'ọtụtụ nnyocha, ọ na-esi ike ịchọpụta ma ihe nlụpụta so ya ọ bụ n'ihi mwebata teknụzụ, n'ihu na ndị odee anaghị akọwa ihe mere ha ji etinye aka dị otú ahụ.<ref name="bmj telehealth">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016242|pmid=28775188|title=Telehealth and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and narrative analysis|journal=BMJ Open|volume=7|issue=8|year=2017|author=Kruse|first=Clemens Scott}}</ref> Nnyocha emere maka imewe ngwá akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ọgbaraọhụrụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na ndị okenye na-eto eto gosipụtara na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ga-aka anabata iji teknụzụ nye aka na nsogbu ahụike uche ma ọ bụrụ na emepụtara ya dị ka ngwá ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ga-enwekwu mkpali iji ngwá ndị dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ngwá mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ọ bụ nke egwuregwu, òtù ọ dị, ha gosipụtara nchegbu nwere ike ịdị banyere echiche ọjọọ banyere iji ngwá ahụ.<ref name="irish-mental-health-mobile-apps">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1177/1460458214555041|pmid=25385165|title=Developing mental health mobile apps: Exploring adolescents' perspectives|journal=Health Informatics Journal|volume=22|issue=2|pages=265–275|url=https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/6275/1/V2_Kenny_et_al._%282014%29_Developing_Mental_Heath_Mobile_Apps.pdf|year=2016|author=Kenny|first=Rachel|accessdate=2019-09-29|archive-date=2019-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929204515/https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/6275/1/V2_Kenny_et_al._(2014)_Developing_Mental_Heath_Mobile_Apps.pdf|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKennyDooleyFitzgerald2016">Kenny, Rachel; Dooley, Barbara; Fitzgerald, Amanda (2016). <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Health Informatics Journal''. '''22''' (2): <span class="nowrap">265–</span>275. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1177/1460458214555041|10.1177/1460458214555041]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10197/6275|10197/6275]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25385165 25385165]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21044041 21044041]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929204515/https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/6275/1/V2_Kenny_et_al._(2014)_Developing_Mental_Heath_Mobile_Apps.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Nnyocha na-egosi na ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-aratụcha ndị ọrịa agadi ahụ ịnabata mgbanwe ndị enwere na nlekọta ahụ, nguzogide teknụzụ na-eso ọ̀gbọ́, na-egosi na ọ̀gbọ́ dị ugbu a na ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu ga-anabata nnweta ahụike site n'ịntanet nke ọma.<ref name="mobile health solutions">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1177/1357633X16649790|pmid=27255207|title=Mobile health solutions for the aging population: A systematic narrative analysis|journal=Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare|volume=23|issue=4|pages=439–451|year=2017|author=Kruse|first=Clemens Scott}}</ref> === Teknụzụ iji kwalite omume dị mma === Na ntụkwasị n'inye data ka zie ezi na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka ndị na-enye ahụike uche, ekwentị ọgbaraọhụrụ nwere ikike inye ihe ncheta maka omume ibi ndụ dị mmá yana ije hụ dọkịta mgbe o kwesịrị. Jen Hyatt, onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Big White Wall, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ahụike na UK, kwuru na nlekọta ahụike uche dị ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na ọrịa karịa omume na akparamagwa ibi ndụ na-akwali ahụike.<ref name="uk-wired-jen-hyatt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2oHVQmOeNU|title=How Big Data is Improving Mental Healthcare|author=Hyatt|first=Jen|date=May 9, 2016|work=Youtube|publisher=Wired UK|accessdate=April 30, 2019|archivedate=November 19, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119213325/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2oHVQmOeNU}}</ref> Karịsịa, nnyocha egosiwo na ugboro ole anyị na-eme njem yana ịgwa ndị ọzọ okwu kwa ụbọchị bụ ihe dị mkpa na ahụike uche anyị n'òzùzù. Ngwá ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu nwere ike iji usoro ọnọdụ nke dị ekwentị ndị oge a iji soro ọrụ geospatial nke ndị na-eji ha, ma tụọ aro omume ụfọdụ site na ịma ọkwa ma ọ bụrụ na achọpụta usoro dị ize ndụ.<ref name="big-data-mental-health">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRJArd5hc_4|title=How Your Digital Data Can Help Mental Health Research|author=Lam|first=Megan|date=July 24, 2018|work=Youtube|publisher=TEDxWanChai|accessdate=April 30, 2019|archivedate=January 26, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126130520/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRJArd5hc_4}}</ref> === Ịbawanye inye nlekọta ahụ === Na ntụkwasị nke ụdị ọgwụgwọ na mmekọrịta ọhụrụ, iwebata teknụzụ na infọmatiks nwere ikike imeziwanye ịdị irè na arụmọrụ nke nlekọta ahụike uche dị ugbu a. Nnyocha e mere na UK chọpụtara na ntinye aka dijitalụ dị mfe dị ka izipu ozi SMS (ozi ederede) iji chetara ndị ọrịa ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ụbọchi onye ahụ kwesịrị ịga hụ dọkịta ahụike uche belatara òfùfù ya site n'ihe ruru pasent iri abụọ na ise ruo pasent iri abụọ na asatọ, na-apụta na ego e nwere ike ịchekwa karịrị ndè pounds otu narị na iri ise.<ref name="text-message-reminders">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1176/appi.ps.201100211|pmid=22302334|title=Text Message Reminders of Appointments: A Pilot Intervention at Four Community Mental Health Clinics in London|journal=Psychiatric Services|volume=63|issue=2|pages=161–168|year=2012|author=Sims|first=Hannah|url=http://psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=433008|accessdate=2020-08-28}}</ref> == Nnyocha data == Nchịkọta nke nnukwu data a haziri ahazi banyere ndị ọrịa ahụike uche na-ewebata ohere ịbụ ihe ga-ekwe omume nke nlekọta ahụike uche ịkawanye mma, iwu ahụike uche, na nghọta zuru okè nke ahụike uche. A ga-eme nyocha a na n'ógó buru ibu, ọmụmụ nke ihe mkpata ahụike uche na ahụike ọha na eze na ọnọdụ ọrịa na-efe efe. == Mkpa infọmatiks ahụike uche dị == Mkpa ọ dị itinye n'ọrụ nke infọmatiks ahụike na nlekọta ahụike nke mbụ na nke abụọ edoola onye ọbụla anya na mba ndị mepere emepe kemgbe afọ iri abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Ntinye n'ọrụ nke infọmatiks na ahụike uche aghọbeghị ihe zuru oke, n'agbanyeghị nkwenye ndị ọkachamara <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/policyandparliamentary/informaticscommittee.aspx|title=Informatics Committee|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2024-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710014045/https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/about-us/our-people-and-how-we-make-decisions/other-committees/informatics-committee}}</ref> ngalaba ahụ yiri ka ọ dabara adaba na kọmputa <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.healthcareconferencesuk.co.uk/news/newsfiles/Netta_Hollings_61.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011757/http://www.healthcareconferencesuk.co.uk/news/newsfiles/Netta_Hollings_61.pdf}}</ref> yana mkpa ọ dị maka inwe akaebe nke nsonaazụ pụtara ìhè.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/camh.12059|title=Innovations in Practice: Further evidence on the effectiveness of the strengths and difficulties added value score as an outcome measure for child and adolescent services|year=2014|author=Rotheray|first=Sebastian|journal=Child and Adolescent Mental Health|volume=19|issue=4|pages=270–273|pmid=32878351|url=http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23192/7/23192%20SDQSubmissionChangesV2%2013%20nov%202013.pdf|accessdate=2020-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Stringaris|first=A.|year=2009|title=Longitudinal outcome of youth oppositionality: Irritable, headstrong, and hurtful behaviors have distinctive predictions|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-american-academy-child-adolescent-psychiatry_2009-04_48_4/page/404|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=48|issue=4|pages=404–412|doi=10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181984f30|pmid=19318881}}</ref> Enwekwara ike nwee ịsụ ngọngọ ndị ọkachamara ime mgbanwe na usoro ọrụ a kwadorola nke iwebata usoro na-agụnye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sdq-dawba.dk/interview-goodman/|title=Interview med Robert Goodman|accessdate=2018-01-02|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103011643/http://sdq-dawba.dk/interview-goodman/}}</ref> == Nchegbu == Data na ozi ndị dị na kọmputa ahụike bụ nke onwe na nke dịịrị onwe. Usoro ngwanrọ zuru oke e mere maka iji nyere aka chọpụta ma gwọọ mgbaàmà ahụike uche na-ekpughe adịghị -ike nke izobe ihe ma nwee ike ịchọ ụkpụrụ nchịkwa yana nchedo data dịka HIPAA iji chebe ndị ọrịa. Otu ihe mgbochi dị mkpa nwere ike ịbụ ihere ọha na eze metụtara nsogbu uche yana mmụba nke mmetụta banyere ichebe nzuzo na nzuzo nke ndekọ na nlekọta ahụike uche.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://healingpixel.com/how-societal-stigma-complicates-privacy-protection-in-digital-mental-health/|title=How Societal Stigma Complicates Privacy Protection in Digital Mental Health|access-date=2025-10-06|archive-date=2026-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123230643/https://healingpixel.com/how-societal-stigma-complicates-privacy-protection-in-digital-mental-health/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b19tb2xn4js8q3jt23o59gx5xgyoxtq 0 66735 727871 721872 2026-09-25T08:19:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jill Afrin (amụrụ 1962) bụ dibia bekee bụ ọkachamara n'ịrụ ọrụ na ndị ntị chiri na South Carolina, a na-anabatakwa ya dị ka onye izizi telepsychiatrist na steeti ahụ.''' == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Afrin na Suffern, New York na 1962. Jeanette Newman, nne ya bụ onye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze, onye ndụmọdụ mmekọrịta ọha na ibe ya, na onye nta akụkọ ebe Edward Newman rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ mpụ nke nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 4.<ref name="NLM">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Jill Afrin|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_2.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403053134/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_2.html|archivedate=April 3, 2016|work=Changing the Face of Medicine|publisher=National Library of Medicine|accessdate=November 17, 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Changing the Face of Medicine''. National Library of Medicine. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160403053134/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_2.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Afrin nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Biochemistry na Mahadum steeti nke New York na Binghamton n'afọ 1984. N'otu afọ ahụ, Afrin debanyere aha na Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ wee nweta akara ugo dọkịta, Dọkịta Afrin mechara rụọ ọrụ ọmụmụ na mmega ọzụzụ n’ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ uche na Mahadum Ọgwụ South Carolina. Mgbe e mesịrị, e nyere ya onyinye ọmụmụ n’ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ uche obodo na nke mberede n’afọ 1992. N’oge ya n’ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji na n’ọzụzụ dọkịta, ọ mụtara asụsụ mkpịsị aka, nke o mechara jiri mee ihe n’ọrụ ya. N'afọ 1989, Ngalaba Ahụike Uche nke South Carolina malitere mmemme ndị ntị chiri iji nye ndị ntị chiri na ndị ntị chiri enyemaka uche na steeti ahụ dum. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-ahụ maka ikpe na ndị ọrụ ahụike na-asụ asụsụ ndị ogbi nke ọma, ndị na-abụghị ndị na-emetụta uche ga-adabere na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ na ndị na'ahụ maka ikpe n'inye aka nke wepụrụ mmekọrịta dị mkpa iji zụlite n'etiti onye ọrịa na onye na-ahụ Maka uche n'ihi inwe onye ntụgharị. N'ụzọ dị mma, ha chọrọ onye isi mgbaka nke na-asụkwa asụsụ ndị ogbi nke ọma.<ref name="NLM"/> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1992, Afrin malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Ahụike Mental's Deaf Services Program. <ref name="NLM"/> Ọrụ Afrin bụ isi na-ejide usoro ọgwụgwọ na ndị ntị chiri n'etiti afọ 1990 ma na mbido, a chọrọ ka ọ gaa gafee steeti ahụ ileta ndị ọrịa.<ref name="Bender">{{Cite news|author=Eve Bender|title=Exhibit Honors Women M.D.s Who Made a Difference|url=http://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/newsArticle.aspx?articleid=107159|work=PsychiatryOnline|date=February 6, 2004|pages=8–37|archive-date=March 15, 2014|access-date=October 7, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315232037/http://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/newsArticle.aspx?articleid=107159|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nke a nyere ya ohere ịhụ ihe dị ka ndị ọrịa 10 kwa izu.<ref name="NLM" /> N’afọ 1995, Afrin chọrọ ịmalite ezinụlọ, ma ọ pụghịkwa ịga njem dịka ọ na-eme mbụ. Ụlọ ọrụ Deaf Services Program wee nwee ike imezu mkpa ya ma wụnye ngwaọrụ vidio nkwurịta okwu n’ụlọ ọgwụ na ebe ahụike dị iche iche n’ime steeti ahụ. Nke a mere ka ohere Afrin ga-enweta iji lekọta ndị ọrịa bawanye. Ụzọ a nke ịgwọ ndị ọrịa site n’iji teknụzụ nkwurịta okwu, nke a na-akpọ telepsychiatry, malitere n’ụzọ Afrin si mee ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ ji telepsychiatry rụọ ọrụ n’ime steeti ahụ. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * {{Cite journal|title=Low-Cost Telepsychiatry for the Deaf in South Carolina|author=Jill N. Afrin|url=https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC2233381&blobtype=pdf|year=1997|journal=Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Fall Symposium}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qgrr3w4hxet6qiokmcmq8vhib7xg3aj 0 67210 727887 706266 2026-09-25T09:44:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727887 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:John_Varty_and_Tigress_Julie.jpg|thumb|Varty yana agụ nwanyị Julie na Tiger Canyons nke South Africa]] '''John Varty''' (amụrụ na 27 Nọvemba 1950) bụ onye South Africa na-eme ihe nkiri anụ ọhịa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nine Lives, author John Varty|url=http://www.jvbigcats.co.za/ninelives.htm|accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref> onye merela ihe karịrị ihe ngosi iri atọ na otu ihe nkiri. Varty na-edukwa n'ọrụ na-ese okwu nke na-ezube ịmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ agụ nwere onwe ha na-azụ onwe ha nri n'Eshia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jvbigcats.co.za/mission.htm|title=Tiger Canyons - to create a tiger population outside Asia|work=www.jvbigcats.co.za}}</ref> == Mmalite Ndụ ya == Varty gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Parktown Boys na Johannesburg. Dị ka nwatakịrị, John mụtara ịchụ nta <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.kalahari.com/books/Nine-lives/68158/37881750.aspx|title=Nine Lives|first=John|author=Varty}}</ref> na ugbo ịzụ ụmụ anụmanụ nke ezinụlọ ya dị nso na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Kruger. Mgbe nna ya, Charles, nwụrụ, John na nwanne ya nwoke, Dave Varty, kwụsịrị ọrụ ịchụ nta ha ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe nchekwa ụmụ anụmanụ n'afọ 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QB4DAAAAMBAJ&dq=londolozi+zulu&pg=PA22|title=Cincinnati Magazine|author=Communications|first=Emmis|date=September 1984}}</ref> Ha gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụzie Londolozi, nke bụ okwu Zulu pụtara "onye nchebe nke ihe ndị dị ndụ". Kemgbe ahụ ọ ghọrọla otu n'ime ebe ezumike kachasị elu n'ụwa nke e tinyere áhà ya ugboro anọ na Njem na Ntụrụndụ kachasị mma n'ụwa na ngwụcha afọ ndị 90 na mmalite afọ ndị 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2002/jun/15/hotels.guardiansaturdaytravelsection|title=Starry starry nights|author=Matteoli|first=Francisca|date=2002-06-15|work=The Guardian|language=en|accessdate=2018-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-guide/sabi-sands-game-reserve/hotels/londolozi-private-game-reserve-sabi-sand-game-reserve|title=Local Experts|work=Travel + Leisure|accessdate=2018-11-05|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Varty mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke e kesara n'ọtụtụ ebe: Living with Tigers, ''Shingalana'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Shingalana-Little-Hunter-Part-One/dp/B0033GYES2|title=Robot Check|work=Amazon}}</ref> Jamu, the Orphaned Leopard. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tv.nytimes.com/show/51746/Jamu-The-Orphaned-Leopard/overview|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117165031/http://tv.nytimes.com/show/51746/Jamu-The-Orphaned-Leopard/overview|archivedate=2011-01-17|title=Jamu The Orphaned Leopard}}</ref> Swift and silent meriri na nweta ihe nrite American Cable TV n'afọ 1993, ebe The Silent Hunter meriri ihe nrite The New York Gold Award . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/1993/09/25/5/1.html|title=Beeld JOHANNESBURG FINAAL Saterdag 25 September 1993 Bl. 5: Shields-prent kan oorsee slag vir Suid-Afrika slaan Londolozi-manne gaan reeks vir Walt Disney maak|accessdate=25 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322225440/http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/1993/09/25/5/1.html|archivedate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wild1.natgeochannel.co.uk/programmes/caught-on-safari-live/presenters/john-varty|title=John Varty|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20110705192553/http://wild1.natgeochannel.co.uk/programmes/caught-on-safari-live/presenters/john-varty|archivedate=5 July 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, o dere, mepụta ma soro mee ihe nkiri Running Wild, ihe nkiri nke Brooke Shields nọ na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0890264/|title=John Varty|work=IMDb|accessdate=2018-11-05}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, Varty pụtara na ihe nkiri Leopard Queen, ihe nkiri banyere agụ owuru ọ merels ihe nkiri ya kemgbe afọ iri na asaa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Leopard Queen Show - National Geographic Channel - Sub-Saharan Africa|url=http://natgeotv.com/za/leopard-queen/about|accessdate=2018-11-05|work=natgeotv.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606171752/http://natgeotv.com/za/leopard-queen/about|archive-date=2012-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọrụ ịghachite agụ Owuru n'Ọhịa === N'afọ 2000, Varty malitere ọrụ ịghachite [[National Geographic Society|agụ owuru Bengal]]" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bengal tiger"> n'ọhịa na nso Philippolis na Free State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv|title=National Geographic TV Shows, Specials & Documentaries|work=National Geographic Channel}}</ref> Malite na agụ ndị a zụlitere, ebumnuche bụ ịzụpụta ọnụ ọgụgụ agụ ọhịa na mpụga [[Asia|Eshia]]. N'afọ 2003, edere ọganihu ahụ na mmepụta nke Discovery Channel akpọrọ Living with Tigers. N'afọ 2011, National Geographic mere ihe ngosi nke abụọ akpọrọ Tiger Man of Africa . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/4635180/tiger-man-of-africa/|work=Fox News|title=Tiger Man of Africa|date=8 April 2011}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ bụ isiokwu butere esemokwu mgbe e bidoro bowe ebubo site n'aka ndị na-etinye ego na ndị na-echekwa ihe na-ekwu na eji anwansi chịkwaa omume agụ owuru ndị ahụ maka mmepụta nke ihe nkiri Living with Tigers, nke e kwenyere na agụ owuru ndị ahụ enwenwughị ike ịchụ nta. <ref name="Vartys 'misused' tiger funds">{{Cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Vartys-misused-tiger-funds-20030318|title=Vartys 'misused' tiger funds|accessdate=27 August 2011|date=18 March 2003|publisher=news24}}</ref> <ref name="envirolink">{{Cite web|title=Tiger Film a Fraud, says The Chinese Tigers South African Trust|url=http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/ar-news/Week-of-Mon-20030901/005990.html|date=6 September 2003|work=PRNewswire|accessdate=27 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727084010/http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/ar-news/Week-of-Mon-20030901/005990.html|archivedate=27 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="wildeye">{{Cite web|title=Discovery Film Proclaimed A Fraud; Broadcaster to be Sued|url=http://www.wildeye.co.uk/wildlife-film/Wfn/wfn56.htm|work=Wildlife Film News 56|date=February 2004|accessdate=27 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607012741/http://www.wildeye.co.uk/wildlife-film/Wfn/wfn56.htm|archivedate=7 June 2009}}</ref> Stuart Bray, onye tinyerelarị nnukwu ego na ọrụ ahụ, kwuru na ya na nwunye ya, Li Quan, kiriri ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ka ha "[na-achụ] anụ oriri ahụ gafee elu mgbidi ma banye n'ụzọ agụ owuru ndị ahụ naanị maka ime ihe nkiri. " <ref name="Vartys 'misused' tiger funds" /> <ref name="envirolink" /> Quan na Bray bokwara ha ebubo na ha mebiri ego mgbe nnyocha iwu e mere chọpụtara na ọ gbazitere R5.7-million nke ego ime ihe nkiri ahụ maka mmefu ego ndị ọzọ na nke onwe ya.<ref name="wildeye" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Vartys-misused-tiger-funds-20030318|title=Vartys 'misused' tiger funds|accessdate=27 August 2011|date=18 March 2003|publisher=news24}}</ref> Quan na Bray mechara guzobe Save China's Tigers Laohu Valley Reserve, nke dịkwa nso na Philippolis. Ọzọkwa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala na agụ ndị ahụ abụghị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ọcha, nke ga-egosi na ọrụ ahụ enweghị uru nchekwa. Na 29 Machị 2012, Varty merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu mgbe otu n'ime agụ ya wakporo ya na ugbo ya dị nso na Philippolis. O nwetara ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ na ọnyá ndọpu ahụ n'ahụ ya niile.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.channel24.co.za/Movies/News/John-Varty-I-felt-like-a-rag-doll-20120405|title=John Varty: I felt like a rag doll|work=Channel24|accessdate=2018-11-05|language=en}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ ihe dịka otu ọnwa n'ụlọ ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jvbigcats.co.za/newsletters54.htm|title=Corbett's Freedom|work=www.jvbigcats.co.za|accessdate=2018-11-05}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2014, KIA South Africa wepụtara mgbasa ozi TV, Tiger in Africa, na ihe nkiri Varty gbara na Tiger Canyons. N'afọ 2019, Getaway kọrọ na e nwere agụ Bengal 18 dị na Tiger Canyon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-15|title=Tiger Canyon: Africa's Bengal tiger conservation project|url=https://www.getaway.co.za/travel-news/tiger-canyon-africas-bengal-tiger-conservation-project/|accessdate=2021-04-11|work=Getaway Magazine}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri ndị O mere == {| |- valign="" | * Ibi na Agụ * Ndụ Nzuzo * Ndị na-eche nche na Paradaịs * Ụmụnne Na-alụ Agha * Usoro nke Oge * Nkọwa Oge * Mpi na Mkpịsị Aka * Ndị na-achụ nta * Hyaena Onye Nnukwu Ohere * Jamu agụ mgbei | * Afrịka Londolozi * Nne Zuru Okpu * Ndị na-eri ibe ha zuru oke * Nlaghachi nke Ndị Eze * Dinosaur nke Osimiri * Ihe Omume Obi Ọjọọ * Nkịta Savannah * Mmetụta na Mmetụta * Shingalana * Super Hunts Super Hunters | * Ịdị ndụ na Savannah * Ngwa ngwa na nke na-adịghị ekwu okwu * Òtù Ụmụnna * Egwuregwu Mmekọrịta * Onye Na-achụ Ọ dịghị Egwu Egwu * Ndị Na-eri Anụ * Onye Nchọgharị * Mmiri Na-enye Nsogbu * Mmiri na Ọhịa |} == Akwụkwọ ndị O Dere == * ''Nine Lives'' (2011) <ref>{{Cite book|author=Varty|first=John|title=Nine lives: memoirs of a maverick conservationist|url=https://archive.org/details/ninelivesmemoirs0000vart|date=2010|publisher=Zebra|isbn=978-1-77022-132-1|location=Cape Town|language=English|oclc=696106646}}</ref> * In the Jaws of the Tiger (2013) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jvbigcats.co.za/newsletters80.htm|title=In the Jaws of the Tiger|work=www.jvbigcats.co.za|accessdate=2018-11-05}}</ref> == Isiokwu na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ == * Varty, Boyd. Cathedral of the Wild: An African Journey Home, Random House (2014). == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * ","href":"./Template:YouTube"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"T4qMbtFFMRw"},"2":{"wt":"Carte Blanche's Paper Tiger"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="<nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4qMbtFFMRw</nowiki>" id="mwAfY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span class="plainlinks">Carte Blanche's Paper Tiger</span> na ihe ngosi YouTube * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080603034011/http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/tigers/trainers/trainers_02.html Discovery Channel Profile] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110519090627/http://natgeotv.com/uk/tiger-man/galleries/tiger-man-of-africa Tiger Man of Africa] * Guardian isiokwu banyere Londolozi na Mandela E debere ya na Jenụwarị 4, 2007 na Wayback Machine [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] guqy7d5hbdifyg3qa5aeb0c7qvhpgi8 0 67227 727827 577303 2026-09-25T05:10:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Isatou Ceesay''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1972) bụ onye [[The Gambia|Gambia]] na-eme ihe ike na onye ọchụnta ego ọha na eze, nke a na-akpọkarị Queen of Recycling .<ref name=":2" />. O hiwere otu mmegharị imegharị ihe nke a kpọrọ One Plastic Bag na Gambia. Site na mmegharị a, o kụziiri ụmụ nwanyị na Gambia ka ha megharịa ihe mkpofu plastik ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa a na-ere ere nke na-eme ka ha nweta ego.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.responsiblebusiness.com/news/africas-news/five-female-activists-who-are-changing-the-world/|title=Five female activists who are changing the world|date=2019-03-08|work=Responsible Business|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-01|archivedate=2019-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101121755/https://www.responsiblebusiness.com/news/africas-news/five-female-activists-who-are-changing-the-world/}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Afọ ndị mbụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Dịka ọ na-etolite n'ugbo dị n'obodo nta N'jau na mba Gambia, Isatou Ceesay lụrụ ọgụ maka ihe ịma aka nke ịzụlite ya n'ụwa nke atọ. N'ihi ọnwụ nna ya, yana oke omenala maka ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ahụ, Ceesay enweghị ike ịgụcha akwụkwọ ọdịnala kwesịrị ekwesị, a manyere ya ịkwụsị ịga akwụkwọ - n'ihi na ọ dịghị mma n'oge ahụ - kama a manyere ya ịrụ ọrụ na-emepụta ma na-ere ihe egwuregwu site na iji obere iberibe uwe na osisi, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama n'etiti ndị ntorobịa bi na ya[1]. Site n'ego ọ rụrụ ọrụ, yana obere ihe nketa ya, Ceesay jisiri ike kwụọ ụgwọ maka onwe ya iji gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ teknụzụ Gambia[1], ebe ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka odeakwụkwọ, ma sonyekwa na US Peace Corps iji nweta ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ gbasara ụzọ ndị nwere ike isi rụọ ọrụ n'obodo ya n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://easyscienceforkids.com/isatou-ceesay/|title=All Facts for Kids about Isatou Ceesay|date=2018-07-02|work=Easy Science For Kids|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-01}}</ref> '''Ọrụ''' Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, otu ụbọchị ọ chọpụtara etu a na-akwa ọbụna okporo ámá ndị dị na N'jau emo nke jupụtara na nnukwu mkpofu, nke nwere ụdị niile sitere na plastik a tụfuru atụfu, ite, taya, ihe mkpofu ụlọ, na karịsịa akpa plastik, nke mmiri na anwụnta na-arịa gbara gburugburu. Nke kachasị njọ, ndị obodo ahụ ga-enwe ogige egwuregwu, ahịa nri na ebe a na-eri anụmanụ n'akụkụ ụyọkọ ndị a, n'amaghị banyere mmerụ ahụ ha na-etinye onwe ha n'ihe ize ndụ. N'ihi nke a, ọnwụ anụmanụ site na iri plastik kpara obodo ahụ aka ọjọọ, yana ntiwapụ nke ịba na ọrịa ndị ọzọ, jupụtara n'obodo ya n'ihi na enweghị usoro e guzobere maka ikpofu ihe ma e wezụga ịtụfu ya n'èzí n'azụ ụlọ ha. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ịda ogbenye na enweghị olileanya, ndị mmadụ malitere ịgba akpa plastik ndị a ọkụ dị ka mmanụ maka okpomọkụ na isi nri [1,2], nke a bụ oku Ceesay maka ime ihe na ihe ga-agbanwe. N'iji ihe ọmụma ọ nwetara banyere imegharị ihe na imepụta ihe site na Peace Corps, ya na otu ụmụ nwanyị ya, Ceesay mere ka echiche nke iji akpa plastik ndị a mee akpa ndị a nwere ike ire maka ego dị ndụ. Ha ga-achịkọta akpa plastik ahụ, kpọọ ha ma dọwaa ha n'ime obere eriri dị ka eriri a na-akpọ 'plarn' nke ha ga-akpa n'ime akpa ndị e ji aka [1,2]. Usoro a ga-eji ihe dị ka akpa plastik iri mee nke ọ bụla n'ime akpa ha, mana ọbụlagodi na ihe a, ụkpụrụ ọha na eze ka na-emegide ha n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ ma mepụta ịkwa emo ka a na-ele ya anya dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma ka igwu ala n'ime ihe mkpofu kama ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ na n'ihi ne ha niile bụ ụmụ nwanyị, ọ kpọtakwara ajụjụ banyere ikike ha nwere ịrụ ọrụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://climateheroes.org/heroes/isatou-ceesay-queen-plastic-recycling-gambia/|title=Isatou Ceesay, Queen of Plastic Recycling, The Gambia|work=Climate Heroes|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-01|archivedate=2019-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018150912/https://climateheroes.org/heroes/isatou-ceesay-queen-plastic-recycling-gambia/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Climate Heroes''. Archived from on 2019-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'agbanyeghị ihe a niile, Ceesay nọgidere na-ekpebi ma kpọrọ ngwaahịa ya gaa n'obodo dị nso iji ree, ma nwee ike ire nke mbụ. Site na nke a, azụmahịa ahụ gara n'ihu na-eto ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma ma jisie ike mepụta ego maka ụmụ nwanyị obodo ahụ, bụ ndị nwere ike ugbu a ilekọta ezinụlọ ha na uto a na-aga n'ihu dugara na ọmụmụ nke N'jau upcycling and Income Generation Group (NRIGG) [1,3]. Ceesay akwụsịghị ebe ahụ, ọ gara n'ihu na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị aka ịba ọgaranya site n'inyere ha aka ijikwa akụ na ụba a ma mepee akaụntụ ụlọ akụ, ọbụnakwa gaa n'ihu iwu ụlọ ọrụ nka na N'jau nke ga-ejikọ ụmụ nwanyị ọnụ ma nyere ha aka ịrụ ọrụ n'ụdị ndụ sara mbara na nkà ọrụ.[1] Taa, etiti na ihe nlereanya ahụ ka na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, ebe ha nọgidere na-agbanwe ụdị ihe mkpofu dị iche iche n'ime ngwaahịa dị iche iche gụnyere compost, ọla, beads, oche, oche ma gbasaa ọbụna na-ere ahịa ndị buru ibu gụnyere United States.[1] N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a nabatara ọrụ ahụ dị ka otu ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na Gambia, nke a na-akpọ ugbu a Njau Recycling and Income Generation Group (NRIGG). Taa, Ceesay na ihe karịrị mmadụ 11,000 na-arụ ọrụ na NRIGG dị na obodo anọ dị iche iche gafee Gambia. [1] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/may/01/small-african-recycling-project-tackling-mountainous-rubbish-problem|title=How a small African recycling project tackles a mountainous rubbish problem|author=Webster|first=Mike|date=2014-05-01|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2019-11-01|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/45358683/gambian-social-entrepreneur-isatou-ceesay-makes-fashion-from-plastic|title='These purses have saved many lives'|work=BBC News|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-01}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.com/news/av/45358683/gambian-social-entrepreneur-isatou-ceesay-makes-fashion-from-plastic "'These purses have saved many lives'"]. ''BBC News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Onyinye na mmata == * 2012- E nyere ya ihe nrite The International Alliance for Women Difference Maker na Washington DC, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sarahbeekmans.com/isatou-ceesay/|title=Isatou Ceesay the Recycling Queen from the Gambia {{!}} Horn Necklace|author=Beekmans|first=Sarah|date=2018-09-26|work=Sarah Beekmans - Bali|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-01|archive-date=2023-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407043512/https://www.sarahbeekmans.com/isatou-ceesay/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201207100467.html|title=Gambian Woman to Receive TIAW Award|author=|first=|date=2012-07-10|work=All Africa|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-11-01}}</ref> * E bipụtara akụkọ ya n'akwụkwọ nke [[Miranda Paul]] dere na Illustrated nke [[Elizabeth Zunon]] <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4677-1608-6|title=One Plastic Bag: Isatou Ceesay and the Recycling Women of the Gambia|author=|first=|date=|work=www.publishersweekly.com|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-11-01}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.granitemedia.org/2016/12/one-plastic-bag-isatou-ceesay-and-the-recycling-woemn-of-the-gambia/|title=One Plastic Bag: Isatou Ceesay and the Recycling Woemn of the Gambia – Granite Media|author=December 8|first=Pam Smith|date=8 December 2016|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-01}}</ref> * Ceesay bụ otu n'ime ndị Afrịka 100 kacha mara amara maka afọ 2025 site na Reputable Poll International. <ref>{{Cite web|title=GRF/RPI Unveil 100 Most Reputable Africans 2025 – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2025/01/04/grf-rpi-unveil-100-most-reputable-africans-2025/#:~:text=Isatou%20Ceesay's%20innovative%20approach%20to,social%20change%20across%20the%20continent|accessdate=2025-01-10|work=www.thisdaylive.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2025-01-06|title=Atuwatse III, Saraki, Badenoch, others make list of 100 Most Reputable Africans|url=https://guardian.ng/news/atuwatse-iii-saraki-badenoch-others-make-list-of-100-most-reputable-africans/|accessdate=2025-01-10|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edemsidia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mr6y0u961t7bmnlt93sapgzvyfqjx02 0 72576 727667 721170 2026-09-24T17:30:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Esther Martinez''', nke a makwaara dịka '''Estefanita Martinez''' (1912 &#x2013; Septemba 16, 2006), bụ onye Amerịka na-asụ asụsụ na onye na-akọ akụkọ maka ndị Tewa nke [[Nú Mézíkọ|New Mexico]] . E nyere Martinez aha [[Asụsụ Tewa|Tewa]] bụ '''P'oe Tsą́wą̈́''' (nke pụtara Mmiri Anụnụ Anụnụ) ma a makwaara ya site n'ọtụtụ aha ịhụnanya dị iche iche, gụnyere "Ko'oe Esther" na "Nwanne nne Esther". Ọ dị ndụ ruo afọ iri itoolu na anọ, a makwaara ya maka nkwa o kwere ichekwa asụsụ Tewa. E bipụtara ''akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ya nke San Juan Pueblo Tewa'' n'afọ 1982. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Martinez tolitere na Ndịda Ọdịda Anyanwụ. A mụrụ ya na Ignacio, Colorado, ebe o bi na ndị mụrụ ya; emesịa, o bi na ndị nne na nna ya ochie na Ohkay Owingeh . <ref name="washpost">{{Cite news|author=Yvonne Shinhoster Lamb|title=Esther Martinez, 94; Preserved Language|work=Washington Post|accessdate=2012-09-27|date=2006-09-19|url=http://www.ilinative.org/share/programDirectory/programDirectory.xml|archive-date=2014-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222143459/http://www.ilinative.org/share/programDirectory/programDirectory.xml|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Native American storyteller dies at 94|work=NBC News|accessdate=2012-09-29|date=2006-09-18|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14888234}}</ref> Mgbe o mechara ndụ, ọ ga-ede: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Protecting Native American Languages and Culture|date=December 25, 2007|accessdate=2012-09-29|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/a-23-2007-12-25-voa2-83132307/127006.html}}</ref><blockquote>Unu ndị nwere nne na nna ochie unu ga-agwa okwu nwere nnukwu ihu ọma, n'ihi na m ji nne na nna ochie m na ihe ndị m mụtara n'aka ha kpọrọ ihe. Nna nna m bụ onye na-akọ akụkọ. Ndị India na-enweta ihe mmụta ha site n'akụkọ a kọrọ ha mgbe ha bụ ụmụaka. Ya mere, ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ anyị bụ ahụmịhe mmụta.</blockquote>Martinez gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Santa Fe Indian na Albuquerque Indian School, gụchara akwụkwọ na nke ikpeazụ na 1930. <ref name="uminnesota">{{Cite journal|url=http://hdl.handle.net/11299/166267|title=Esther Martinez : Voices From the Gaps|author=Matthew J. Martinez|date=2005|journal=University of Minnesota|accessdate=2012-09-29}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMatthew_J._Martinez2005">Matthew J. Martinez (2005). [http://hdl.handle.net/11299/166267 "Esther Martinez : Voices From the Gaps"]. ''University of Minnesota''. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11299/166267|11299/166267]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> "Na ọ lanarịrị ọtụtụ afọ ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi wee gaa n'ihu inyere obodo ya aka site n'ịnọgide na-asụ asụsụ ahụ bụ okwu dị ike," ka nwa nwa ya nwoke, Matthew J. Martinez kwuru. "N'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ siri ike ahụ, ọ ka nwere ọchịchọ ahụ ijigide asụsụ na omenala ya ma dekọọ ya ma nyefee ya," ka Martinez, onye mụtara Tewa n'aka ya kwuru." <ref name="latimes">{{Cite news|author=Jocelyn Y. Stewart|title=Esther Martinez, 94; Tewa Speaker Worked to Save Her Language|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2012-09-29|date=2006-09-24|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2006/sep/24/local/me-martinez24/2|archive-date=2016-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306050948/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/sep/24/local/me-martinez24/2|url-status=bot: unknown}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJocelyn_Y._Stewart2006">Jocelyn Y. Stewart (September 24, 2006). . ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306050948/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/sep/24/local/me-martinez24/2 the original] on March 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe Esther Martinez toruru ogo mmadụ, ọ ga-abụ otu n'ime ndị dike kachasị ukwuu n'ọgụ iji chekwaa asụsụ Tewa. Nwunye onyeisiala nke New Mexico, Barbara Richardson, kwuru sị "O ji aka ya zọpụta asụsụ Tewa." <ref name="santafenewmexican">{{Cite news|author=Staci Matlock|title=Esther Martinez: 'A way to honor her spirit', Historical roadside marker celebrates Tewa linguist and renowned storyteller|work=The Santa Fe New Mexican|accessdate=2012-09-29|date=2008-11-08|url=http://www.santafenewmexican.com/Local%20News/-A-way-to-honor-her-spirit-|archive-date=2012-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217115731/http://www.santafenewmexican.com/Local%20News/-A-way-to-honor-her-spirit-|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStaci_Matlock2008">Staci Matlock (November 8, 2008). . ''The Santa Fe New Mexican''. Archived from on February 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ, ọ zụlitere ụmụ iri ma rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche maka isi nri na nhicha. N'etiti afọ 1960, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na John F. Kennedy Middle School na Pueblo, ọ zutere ọkachamara asụsụ, Randall Speirs, onye rịọrọ ya ka o nyere ya aka n'idekọ asụsụ Tewa. O so ya rụọ ọrụ n'afọ 1960 na 1970 iji mepụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu asụsụ Tewa. <ref>{{Cite journal|volume=39|issue=16|author=Carolyn Gonzales|title=Student Research, Outside the Box > > Susan Buescher, Preserving Nambe dialect focus of language project|journal=University of New Mexico Campus News|accessdate=2012-09-29|date=2004-06-21|url=http://www.unm.edu/news/04-06-21/research.htm}}</ref> Site n'ihe dị ka afọ 1974 ruo 1989, Martinez kụziri Tewa na Ohkay Owingeh . <ref name="uminnesota" /> Ọ sụgharịrị Agba Ọhụrụ gaa na Tewa, na njikọ aka ya na Wycliffe Bible Translators . <ref name="santafe.com1">{{Cite web|title=National Heritage Fellow, Esther Martinez Honored With Roadside Marker|work=SantaFe.com|accessdate=2012-09-29|date=2008-11-05|url=http://www.santafe.com/article/national-heritage-fellow-esther-martinez-honored-with-roadside-marker|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130201235344/http://www.santafe.com/article/national-heritage-fellow-esther-martinez-honored-with-roadside-marker|archivedate=2013-02-01}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''SantaFe.com''. November 5, 2008. Archived from on February 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> O dekwara nchịkọta akụkọ, ''Ndụ M Na San Juan Pueblo: Akụkọ nke Esther Martinez'', nke Mahadum Illinois Press bipụtara na 2004, nke natara ihe nrite Elli Köngäs-Maranda. <ref> {{Cite web|title=Martinez, Esther|work=New Mexico Office of the State Historian|accessdate=2012-09-29|url=http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=412|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425181531/http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=412|archivedate=2011-04-25}} </ref> Martinez nwetara nzere bachelọ nke nka na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka site na Northern New Mexico College na 2006, <ref name="Salazar">{{Cite news|author=Salazar|first=Martin|title=Alcohol Suspected in Crash That Killed Tewa Storyteller|work=Albuquerque Journal|accessdate=January 6, 2021|date=September 19, 2006|url=http://www.abqjournal.com/news/state/494090nm09-19-06.htm}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalazar2006">Salazar, Martin (September 19, 2006). [http://www.abqjournal.com/news/state/494090nm09-19-06.htm "Alcohol Suspected in Crash That Killed Tewa Storyteller"]. ''Albuquerque Journal''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Northern Pueblo Institute. <ref> {{Cite web|title=Northern Pueblo Institute|work=Northern New Mexico College|accessdate=2012-09-29|url=http://site.nnmc.edu/page/northern-pueblo-institute-0|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530062335/http://site.nnmc.edu/page/northern-pueblo-institute-0|archivedate=2012-05-30}} </ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala maka National Park Service . <ref>{{Cite web|title=My Life in San Juan Pueblo: Stories of Esther Martinez|work=University of Illinois Press|accessdate=2012-09-29|url=http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/65hxt7nn9780252028892.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Estefanita "Blue Water" Martinez|work=Santa Fe Living Treasures.|accessdate=2012-09-29|url=http://sflivingtreasures.org/index.php/treasures/2-treasures/87-martinez-estefanita.html?showall=1}}</ref> Na Septemba 16, 2006, Martinez na-alọta n'ụlọ site na Washington, DC, ebe e nyere ya onyinye National Heritage Fellowship site na National Endowment for the Arts, n'oriri dị na Great Hall of the Library of Congress . N'akụkụ Española, New Mexico, ụgbọala ọzọ ọ nọ na ya, onye ọkwọ ụgbọala ya na-aṅụ mmanya kụrụ ya. Martinez nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ahụ, <ref name="santafenewmexican" /> <ref name="santafejournal">{{Cite news|title="Her Legacy Lives On", Historical Marker Honors Tewa Storyteller and Educator|work=Santa Fe Journal, SantaFe.com|accessdate=2012-09-29|date=2008-11-08|url=http://www.santafe.com/article/her-legacy-lives-on}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Santa Fe Journal, SantaFe.com''. November 8, 2008. Archived from [https://archive.today/20130201234015/http://www.santafe.com/article/her-legacy-lives-on the original] on February 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> nke mere naanị maịlụ ole na ole site n'ụlọ ya. <ref name="Salazar"/> == Ihe nketa == Na Disemba 2006, e tinyere aka na iwu US HR 4766, Iwu Nchekwa Asụsụ Ndị Native American nke Esther Martinez, na-enye ikike inye ego maka mmemme ọhụrụ nke ebo ga-eji gbochie mfu nke ihe nketa na omenala. Kemgbe Septemba 15, 2012, ndị otu nnọchiteanya nke New Mexico ewebatala iwu iji gbasaa mmemme ahụ ruo afọ ise ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Local news in brief|work=The Santa Fe New Mexican|accessdate=2012-09-27|date=2012-09-15|url=http://www.santafenewmexican.com/localnews/091512LocalBriefs|archivedate=January 5, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130105030309/http://www.santafenewmexican.com/localnews/091512LocalBriefs}}</ref> A kọwara ''akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu San Juan Pueblo Tewa'', nke Martinez dere n'afọ 1992, dị ka "otu n'ime mgbalị ndị a kacha pụta ìhè n'ịdekọ asụsụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ,"... [site n'aka] Melissa Axelrod, prọfesọ osote nke asụsụ na Mahadum New Mexico. "O nwere ọtụtụ okwu na ozi asụsụ ma nwee ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma omenala." <ref name="latimes" /> Kemgbe afọ 2008, nwa nwa ya nwoke, Dr. Matthew J. Martinez "na-eje ozi na Ohkay Owingeh School Board, ebe ọ na-enyere aka n'itinye ma na-akwado usoro mmụta asụsụ Tewa." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Matthew J. Martinez|work=Native Networks|accessdate=2012-09-29|url=http://www.nativenetworks.si.edu/eng/rose/martinez_mj.htm|archivedate=2012-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322212140/http://www.nativenetworks.si.edu/eng/rose/martinez_mj.htm}}</ref> == Mbipụta == * ''Ndụ M na San Juan Pueblo: Akụkọ nke Esther Martinez'' . Mahadum nke Illinois Press, 2004 * ''Nwa Oke Anụ Ewu Na-anaghị Adị Njọ na Ochie Nwoke Coyote: Akụkọ Tewa sitere na San Juan Pueblo'', (dịka Estefanita Martinez) Rick Regan sere ihe osise, Children's Press, Chicago, 1992 * ''Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu San Juan Pueblo Tewa'' . Mmemme asụsụ San Juan Pueblo, San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico, 1982; Bishọp mbipụta, 1983. == Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ == * Na Nọvemba 8, 2008, e kpughere ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke steeti New Mexico na Ohkay Owingeh ma raara ya nye Esther Martinez. <ref name="santafenewmexican" /> <ref name="santafe.com1" /> <ref name="santafejournal" /> * Ọ natara onyinye National Heritage Fellowship nke afọ 2006 nke National Endowment for the Arts nyere, nke bụ nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke gọọmentị United States na nka ọdịnala na omenala. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/heritage/list?title=&field_year_value=2006|title=NEA National Heritage Fellowships 2006|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|work=www.arts.gov|publisher=National Endowment for the Arts|accessdate=January 6, 2021}}</ref> * Ọkwa Bachelor of Arts, Northern New Mexico College (2006) <ref name="Salazar" /> * Ihe nrite nke ụlọ ọrụ asụsụ obodo maka "Ndị Na-eme Mgbanwe" (1999) * Onyinye Gọvanọ nke Kọmishọna Nkà nke New Mexico maka Ọkachamara na Mmezu n'ime Nkà (1998) <ref name="nhf">{{Cite web|url=https://arts.gov/honors/heritage/esther-martinez|title=Esther Martinez: Native American storyteller|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|work=www.arts.gov|publisher=National Endowment for the Arts|accessdate=January 6, 2021}}</ref> * Ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ India maka onye nkuzi nke afọ site n'aka National Council of American Indians <ref name="nhf" /> * Onyinye nke Kansụl Mba nke Ndị India nke Ndị America, Onyinye Nwanyị nke Afọ (1997) <ref name="Salazar" /> * Onyinye Akụ̀ Ndụ nke Steeti New Mexico (1996) * Òtù Mba Maka Mmụta Asụsụ Abụọ, Ihe Nrite Ndị Pioneer (1992) == Ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi == <gallery> Faịlụ:Esther_Martinez_45.jpg|alt=New Mexico Historic Marker for Esther Martinez| Ihe nrịbama akụkọ ihe mere eme nke New Mexico maka Esther Martinez Faịlụ:Esther_Martinez_53.jpg|alt=Dedication of Historic Marker, November 8, 2008| Nraranye nke Ihe Ngosi Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme, Nọvemba 8, 2008 Faịlụ:Esther_Martinez_26.jpg|alt=A small part of Esther Martinez's family| Obere akụkụ nke ezinụlọ Esther Martinez </gallery> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6119760 Ekele maka redio NPR site na obere vidiyo nke akụkọ ya] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fcuiq5yzewxnduqu2xekjnyoe3p01e0 0 72645 727806 721672 2026-09-25T03:35:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727806 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Signal_for_Help_gesture.svg|thumb|Ihe mgbaàmà maka Enyemaka: Ogwe aka na igwefoto na mkpịsị aka ukwu mkpịsị ụkwụ mkpịsị atọ{{ordered list|Palm to camera and tuck thumb|Trap thumb}}]] [[Faịlụ:Signal_for_Help(_demonstrative_example_).ogg|thumb|Vidio na-egosi ihe mgbaàmà maka enyemaka]] Ihe mgbaàmà maka enyemaka (ma ọ bụ ihe ike n'ụlọ Ihe mgbaàmà iji nyere aka) bụ mmegharị ahụ nke nwere ike iji na oku vidiyo ma ọ bụ n'onwe ya site n'aka onye iji mee ka ndị ọzọ mara na ha na-eche na ha na ha na ọ dị ha mkpa maka enyemaka.[1] Na mbụ, e mepụtara mgbaàmà ahụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ iji lụso ịrị elu nke Ime ihe ike n'ụlọ gburugburu ụwa metụtara usoro nke iche iche nke metụtara ọrịa kovid iri iteghete <ref>{{Cite news|first=Emma|author=Graham-Harrison|title=Lockdowns around the World Bring Rise in Domestic Violence|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/mar/28/lockdowns-world-rise-domestic-violence|accessdate=May 6, 2020|work=The Guardian|date=March 28, 2020}}</ref> A na-eme mgbaàmà ahụ site na ijide otu aka elu na mkpịsị aka ukwu n'ime aka, wee fụchie mkpịsị ụkwụ anọ ndị ọzọ, na-ejide mkpịsịsị aka ukwu ahụ site na mkpịakọta ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nadia|first=Ebrahim|title=This Secret Signal Could Help Women in Lockdown with Their Abusers|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-ca/2020/04/9699234/domestic-violence-quarantine-coronavirus-signal-help|accessdate=May 6, 2020|publisher=Refinery29|date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> E ji nlezianya mee ya dị ka otu aka na-aga n'ihu, kama ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama e jidere n'otu ọnọdụ, ka e wee mee ka ọ dị mfe ịhụ ya. Ọ bụ Ndị inyom Canada kere akara maka enyemaka ma webata ya na Eprel 14, 2020. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Signal for Help Campaign Launches to Help People Experiencing Gender-Based Violence During Home Isolation|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/definetheline/channels/news/signal-help-campaign-launches-help-people-experiencing-gender-based-violence-during-home-isolation-321629|accessdate=May 7, 2020|publisher=McGill University|date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ gbasara site na ikpo okwu vidiyo mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi ọha ma bụrụ nke Netwọk ego ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa (WFN)nabatara. Ọ natara otuto zuru oke site n'aka ndị Canada na ndị otu akụkọ mba ụwa <ref>{{Cite news|title=Self-Isolation Is Fuelling a Rise in Gender-Based Violence|url=https://www.ellecanada.com/culture/society/self-isolation-is-fuelling-a-rise-in-gender-based-violence|accessdate=May 7, 2020|work=Elle Canada|date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> maka inyere aka inye ngwọta nke oge a maka nsogbu nke ịrị elu nke ime ihe ike n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Alexandra|first=Jardine|title=This simple hand signal sends an alert about domestic abuse during the coronavirus crisis|url=https://adage.com/creativity/work/womens-funding-network-canadian-womens-foundation-signal-help/2254366|accessdate=May 7, 2020|work=AdAge|date=May 4, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|language=ja|author=Midori|first=Aoki|title=『家にとどまって』 ～その家が安全ではなかったら？～|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200420/k10012396031000.html|accessdate=May 7, 2020|publisher=NHK|date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420223241/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200420/k10012396031000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jonathan|first=Forani|title=Code words, hand signals and social media: How attempts to help abuse victims might backfire|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/code-words-hand-signals-and-social-media-how-attempts-to-help-abuse-victims-might-backfire-1.4899062|accessdate=May 7, 2020|publisher=CTV News Toronto|date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215021058/https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/code-words-hand-signals-and-social-media-how-attempts-to-help-abuse-victims-might-backfire-1.4899062|url-status=dead}}</ref>N'ịkọwa nchegbu na ndị na-emegbu mmadụ nwere ike mara maka usoro ịntanetị zuru ebe niile, Canadian Women's Foundation na òtù ndị ọzọ kọwara na mgbaàmà a abụghị "ihe ga-azọpụta ụbọchị ahụ" kama kama ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ mmadụ nwere ike iji nweta enyemaka. Mgbasa ozi ahụ bu n'uche ka mgbaàmà ahụ pụta "bịakwute m n'enweghị nsogbu", ma dọọ ha ọdụ na ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ahụ na-eji mgbaàmà ahụ na oku vidiyo, ha kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ onye mgbaàmà ahụ n'ụzọ ọzọ (dị ka ozi ederede ma ọ bụ email) iji jụọ ha ihe ha chọrọ. Mgbasa ozi ahụ na-atụ aro na ịkpọtụrụ ndị Ọrụ mberede ga-eme naanị ma ọ bụrụ na onye mgbaàmà rịọrọ nke a n'ụzọ doro anya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Signal for Help|url=https://canadianwomen.org/signal-for-help/|work=The Canadian Women's Foundation|accessdate=May 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Signal for Help|url=https://www.womensfundingnetwork.org/signalforhelp/|work=Women's Funding Network|accessdate=May 7, 2020}}</ref> Ajụjụ ee-Mba ga-ebelata ihe ize ndụ ma mee ka ọ dịrị ha mfe ịza.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Spot a Signal for Help, and How to Respond|url=https://www.domesticshelters.org/articles/escaping-violence/how-to-spot-a-signal-for-help-and-how-to-respond|work=DomesticShelters.org|accessdate=August 11, 2022}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ihe mgbaàmà aka na-enye nsogbu == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} 7koi0xmg5dn1sfjj9h24ywa18g1dgkq 0 74757 727655 643757 2026-09-24T16:24:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727655 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Emmanuel John Chukuwuemeka Nwodo''' // i, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Emmanuel Nwodo''' (amụrụ ya na 19 Maachị 1974) bụ onye Naijiria na-akụ ọkpọ nke na-alụ ọgụ na ngalaba cruiserweight. == Ihe ndekọ ịkụ ọkpọ ọkachamara == {{s-start}} |- |align="center" colspan=8|'''23 Wins''' (19 knockouts, 4 decisions), '''5 Losses''' (4 knockouts, 1 decision) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150421125925/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=34824&cat=boxer] |- | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Result''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Record''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Opponent''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Type''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Round''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Date''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Location''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Notes''' |-align=center |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|14-32-3}} |align=left| Lenzie Morgan |TKO |1 |29/08/2009 |align=left| City Armory, [[Lynchburg, Virginia]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|16-1}} |align=left| [[Matt Godfrey]] |TKO |4 |29/08/2008 |align=left| [[Mohegan Sun Casino]], [[Uncasville, Connecticut]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|'''[[North American Boxing Federation|NABF]] Cruiserweight Title'''. Referee stopped the bout at 1:57 of the fourth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|29-7}} |align=left| [[Ezra Sellers]] |KO |2 |19/01/2008 |align=left| [[Madison Square Garden]], New York City, U.S. |align=left|{{small|Sellers knocked out at 2:59 of the second round.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|21-5-3}} |align=left| [[Darnell Wilson]] |KO |11 |29/06/2007 |align=left| [[St. George Theatre]], [[Staten Island, New York]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|'''IBF USBA Cruiserweight Title'''. Nwodo knocked out at 2:00 of the 11th round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|16-4-2}} |align=left| Chris Thomas |TKO |3 |01/07/2006 |align=left| [[ABC Sports Complex]], [[Springfield, Virginia]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|'''[[IBF]] USBA Cruiserweight Title'''. Referee stopped the bout at 2:30 of the third round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|6-26}} |align=left| Ron Krull |TKO |1 |29/04/2006 |align=left| [[ABC Sports Complex]], [[Springfield, Virginia]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|6-10-3}} |align=left| [[John Douglas (boxer)|John Douglas]] |TKO |4 |02/12/2005 |align=left| [[The Blue Horizon]], [[Philadelphia]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:35 of the fourth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|14-5-1}} |align=left| Rayco Saunders |UD |8 |24/06/2005 |align=left| [[The Blue Horizon]], [[Philadelphia]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|6-15-4}} |align=left| Hilario Guzman |TKO |7 |18/02/2005 |align=left| [[The Blue Horizon]], [[Philadelphia]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:22 of the seventh round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|24-5-2}} |align=left| [[Imamu Mayfield]] |TKO |1 |03/12/2004 |align=left| [[The Blue Horizon]], [[Philadelphia]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:24 of the first round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|9-0}} |align=left| Frank Walker |KO |1 |08/10/2004 |align=left| [[The Blue Horizon]], [[Philadelphia]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Walker knocked out at 1:09 of the first round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|10-2-2}} |align=left| Willie Herring |TKO |4 |30/09/2004 |align=left| Michael's Eighth Avenue, [[Glen Burnie, Maryland]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 3:00 of the fourth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|4-2}} |align=left| Newton Kidd |UD |6 |10/09/2004 |align=left| [[The Blue Horizon]], [[Philadelphia]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|7-2}} |align=left| Tyrone Tate |KO |2 |31/08/2004 |align=left| [[Pennsylvania Convention Center]], [[Philadelphia]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Tate knocked out at 2:49 of the second round.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|8-0}} |align=left| [[Richel Hersisia]] |TKO |3 |18/01/2002 |align=left| Thyhallen, [[Thisted]], Denmark |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|2-0}} |align=left| Anthony Musonye |KO |1 |04/08/2001 |align=left| [[Nairobi]], Kenya |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|--}} |align=left| [[Peter Odhiambo (Kenyan boxer)|Peter Odhiambo]] |PTS |6 |30/07/2000 |align=left| [[Nairobi]], Kenya |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|0-1}} |align=left| Ahmed Salim |KO |4 |16/04/2000 |align=left| [[Kenya]] |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-3-1}} |align=left| Tom Okusi |PTS |8 |05/11/1999 |align=left| Kenya |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|8-1-1}} |align=left| [[Joseph Akhasamba]] |TKO |5 |26/09/1999 |align=left| [[Nairobi]], Kenya |align=left|{{small|'''[[List of African Boxing Union champions#Heavyweight|African heavyweight title]]'''.}} |- | | |align=left| John Martin Cyril |TKO |1 |09/07/1999 |align=left| [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]], Nigeria |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|0-5}} |align=left| Paul Otewa |KO |6 |28/08/1999 |align=left| Kenya |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-2-1}} |align=left| Tom Okusi |KO |2 |10/04/1999 |align=left| Kenya |align=left| |- | | |align=left| Joe John |TKO |2 |03/03/1999 |align=left| Kenya |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|0-1}} |align=left| Bob Harrison |KO |1 |01/01/1999 |align=left| [[Nairobi City Stadium]], [[Nairobi]], Kenya |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|0-4}} |align=left| Paul Otewa |KO |6 |28/08/1998 |align=left| Kenya |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|12-7-1}} |align=left| Joe John |KO |4 |05/06/1998 |align=left| Kenya |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|0-1}} |align=left| James Omondi |PTS |4 |07/03/1998 |align=left| Kenya |align=left| |} == Ihe odide == == Njikọ mpụga == * Boxing record for Emmanuel Nwodosite naBoxRec (ndebanye aha achọrọ) {{DEFAULTSORT:Nwodo, Emmanuel}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lu6n4gggoolok5l5y0cswzq3zefjtjr 0 74898 727901 630578 2026-09-25T10:55:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juliet Kaira Chibuta''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Zambia. Kemgbe afọ 2012 ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke [[Òtù Ndị Inyom nke Mba Zambia|Zambia National Women's Lobby]] (ZNWL). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epd.eu/2014/11/19/interview-with-juliet-chibuta/|title=Interview with Juliet Chibuta|work=European Partnership for Democracy|date=19 November 2014|accessdate=25 January 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ == Juliet Chibuta bụbu onye nta akụkọ na Zambia Daily Mail . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Moses Walubita|title=Reminiscing my days at Zambia Daily Mail|work=Zambia Daily Mail|date=9 May 2020|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/reminiscing-my-days-at-zambia-daily-mail/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> In January 2015 Chibuta warned that many Zambian voters, particularly women, were being disenfranchised by restrictions on the replacement of voters' cards.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mwape Mwenya|title=Many Zambians disenfranchised – NGO|work=Zambian Daily Mail|date=21 January 2015|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/many-zambians-disenfranchised-ngo/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> In December 2015 Chibuta called for women to register to vote, citing violence as a factor inhibiting women from political participation.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sitembile Siwawa|title=Violence: Hurdle to women participation in politics|work=Zambian Daily Mail|date=17 December 2015|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/violence-hurdle-women-participation-politics/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> The ZNWL joined with Women For Change (WfC) to try to increase the participation of women in local government and national parliament.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Arthur Mwansa|title=Mulobezi DC commends Lungu|work=Zambian Daily Mail|date=23 December 2015|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/mulobezi-dc-commends-lungu/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> Chibuta spoke in support of Patricia Mulasikwanda, MP for Mulobezi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Arthur Mwansa|title=Women have ability to lead – ZNWL|work=Zambian Daily Mail|date=6 January 2016|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/women-ability-lead-znwl/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> Na Septemba 2016 Chibuta gbara Onye isi ala Lungu ume ka ọ họpụta ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ na kansụl ya. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Judith Konayuma|title=An appeal for more women in Cabinet|work=Zambian Daily Mail|date=15 September 2016|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/an-appeal-for-more-women-in-cabinet/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> Mgbe a mara ọkwa kansụl ahụ, ọ nabatara itinye ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dọrọ aka ná ntị na a ka nwere ohere maka imeziwanye.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Peter Clottey|title=Zambia Group Hails Appointment of Female Cabinet Ministers|work=VOA News|date=29 September 2016|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/zambia-group-hails-appointment-female-cabinet-ministers|accessdate=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203020847/https://www.voanews.com/africa/zambia-group-hails-appointment-female-cabinet-ministers|archive-date=3 December 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2016, mgbe ndị nta akụkọ lebachara anya n'okwu gbasara ụmụ nwanyị gburu di ha, Chibuta kpọrọ oku ka e nye ha ndụmọdụ na nduzi ndị ọzọ, nke mere na ụmụ nwanyị chere na ịhapụ di ha bụ nhọrọ n'okwu gbasara mmegbu ezinụlọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kathy Short|title=Zambian women committing spousal homicide|work=Deutsche Welle|date=25 November 2016|url=https://www.dw.com/en/zambian-women-committing-spousal-homicide/a-36511246|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, ọ bụkwa onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Nduzi maka mmejuputa Atụmatụ Mgbasa Ozi Ntuli Aka (CECS) nke Òtù Nhazi Ndị Na-abụghị Gọọmentị (NGOCC).<ref>{{Cite news|author=Melony Chisanga|title=NGOCC meets UNIP, discusses women participation in politics|work=The Mast|date=28 November 2020|url=https://www.themastonline.com/2020/11/28/ngocc-meets-unip-discusses-women-participation-in-politics/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2020, o wepụtara nkwupụta ZNWL na-akatọ obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii mere na Ms Carol Kambwili, nwunye onye isi NDC Chishimba Kambwili, na nwa ya nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Oliver Chisenga and Masuzyo Chakwe|title=WE'RE THE VICTIMS…we were kicked, hit with gun butts, and stripped, Carol Kambwili relives cops abuse|work=The Mast|date=22 October 2020|url=https://www.themastonline.com/2020/10/22/were-the-victimswe-were-kicked-hit-with-gun-buts-and-stripped-carol-kambwili-relieves-cops-abuse/|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chibuta, Juliet}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 47bnrlant3xo83xne0438n2c1sv2qc6 0 75320 727642 721032 2026-09-24T14:43:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727642 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Efe Ambrose (cropped).jpg|thumb|Efe Ambrose]] '''Efe Eric Ambrose''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Efe Ambrose.wav|Mkpọpụta}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere Port Glasgow. Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka Kaduna United, Bayelsa United, klọb Israel Ashdod, klọbu Scotland Celtic, Hibernian, Livingston, St Johnstone na Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton na klọb English Derby County. Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa, ọ nọchitekwara anya Naịjiria na FIFA Under-20 World Cup, Summer Olympics, Africa Cup of Nations, na FIFA World Cup. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Ambrose malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Kaduna United na 2006 ma afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, a gbazinyere ya Bayelsa United maka oge 2008-09 mana ọ nọgidere na KadunaUnited mgbe o nyesịrị ha aka inweta nkwalite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|title=Nigeria: Bayelsa Grab Ambrose, Keep Okonkwo|date=12 September 2008|accessdate=5 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007232840/http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|archivedate=7 October 2012}}</ref> === FC Ashdod === === Ndị Celt === Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Premier League Celtic n'ụbọchị a kara aka n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2012, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19441365|title=Celtic: Efe Ambrose completes move from Ashdod|publisher=BBC Sport|date=31 August 2012|accessdate=2 September 2012}}</ref> Mgbe ọ sonyeere klọb ahụ, Ambrose toro ndị otu ọhụrụ ya na Celtic maka inyere ya aka ibi na Glasgow ngwa ngwa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose thanks his teammates for helping him settle in at Celtic Park|url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/192046-efe-ambrose-thanks-his-teammates-for-helping-him-settle-in-at-celtic-park/|publisher=STV Sport|date=26 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012|archive-date=28 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928012102/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/192046-efe-ambrose-thanks-his-teammates-for-helping-him-settle-in-at-celtic-park/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ambrose kpughekwara na ọ mụrụ bọọlụ Britain iji sonye na Celtic site n'ịhụ egwuregwu Scottish Premier League na English Premier League na TV mgbe ọ nụrụ banyere mmasị Celtic nwere n'ebe ọ nọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose reveals he studied British football ahead of move to Celtic|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-reveals-he-studied-british-1345488|work=Daily Record|date=27 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}</ref> Ambrose mere nke mbụ ya na 22 Septemba 2012 dị ka onye nọchiri onye isi Celtic Scott Brown megide Dundee na Scottish Premier League, mmeri 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose|url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|publisher=Fitba Stats|accessdate=28 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915152458/http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|archivedate=15 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Egbe|first=Uche George|title=Ambrose debuts in Scotland|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|work=Kick Off|accessdate=28 May 2014|date=23 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127011705/http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|archivedate=27 November 2012}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya zuru oke megide Raith Rovers na Scottish League Cup, na mmeri 4-1. Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Celtic na mmeri 5-0 megide St Mirren na 20 Ọktoba 2012, na-eme emume goolu ahụ site na somersault anọ.<ref name="Somersault">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19939572|title=St Mirren 0–5 Celtic|publisher=BBC Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017}}</ref> Ambrose gara n'ihu mee egwuregwu Champions League mbụ ya maka Celtic, ebe ọ gbara nkeji 90 na mmeri 3-2 megide Spartak Moscow.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose's Celtic shock Spartak|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/europe/uefa-champions-league/news/2012/oct/02-efe-ambroses-celtic-shock-spartak.html|work=MTN Football|date=2 October 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> N'ụbọchoị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Ambrose gbara goolu nke ya, na 2-2 draw megide Dundee United. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, Ambrose kwuru na ọ dara ala ma chee na ọ gaara ewepụ bọọlụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Celtic's Efe Ambrose pledges to make amends for last minute Tannadice shocker|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtics-efe-ambrose-pledges-to-make-1419159|work=Daily Record|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, n'ihu egwuregwu Champions League megide Barcelona, Ambrose kwere nkwa inye klọb ahụ arụmọrụ kachasị mma. <ref>{{Cite news|title=I will play the 'game of my life' against Barcelona, says Celtic defender Ambrose|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2914/champions-league/2012/11/07/3508603/i-will-play-the-game-of-my-life-against-barcelona-says|work=Goal.com|date=7 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> Mgbe ndị egwuregwu Celtic rụchara ọrụ dị egwu, ha meriri 2-1 ma Ambrose kwuru na imeri Barcelona bụ 'ụzọ zuru oke iji mee emume ncheta afọ 125 nke Celtic. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose: Celtic win over Barca was perfect 125th birthday pressie|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-celtic-win-over-1426600|work=Daily Record|date=9 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> N'asọmpi otu Champions League, Celtic tozuru oke n'ọkwa knockout wee zute otu Juventus nke Italy. N'ụkwụ nke mbụ, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha n'òtù ndị ahụ tupu egwuregwu ahụ, nanị ụbọchị atọ ka Nigeria nwesịrị iko mba Africa, Ambrose kpọkwara nkeji 90 zuru ezu n'ikpeazụ.[1] Otú ọ dị, Ambrose mehiere ọtụtụ ihe n'oge egwuregwu ahụ, na-ekwe ka Alessandro Matri (ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ) na Mirko Vučinić (ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke atọ) mee ka ọ dị mfe. Ọ tụfuru ohere kacha mma ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ nwere iji nweta akara n'oge egwuregwu ahụ. Onye otu ibe ya Kris Commons katọrọ arụmọrụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na a katọrọ Ambrose, Kelvin Wilson gbachiteere ya, onye kwenyere na Ambrose ga-alaghachi azụ n'omume na-akụda mmụọ ya. Ambrose mere mpụta mbụ ya na asọmpi otu na-esote mgbe ọ gbara Celtic na mmeri 6–2 meriri Dundee United. Neil Lennon toro ọrụ Ambrose (yana Commons). Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, o mere ngosipụta ọzọ, na 1–1 sere megide St Johnstone. Tupu ụkwụ nke abụọ megide Juventus, Ambrose kwuru na nkatọ Commons kpaliri ya ịghọ onye ọkpụkpọ ka mma. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, nke Juventus meriri 2-0 wee banye na nkeji iri na ise, Neil Lennon kwuru na Ambrose abịarutela n'oge maka ọzụzụ ma hapụ ụgbọ ala ndị otu na họtel ma hapụ ya ka ọ nweta tagzi. Lennon kwukwara na Ambrose kwesịrị "ịpụ na ya". Ambrose nwetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ndị ọkachamara maka arụmọrụ na njehie na-adịghị mma ugboro ugboro nke dugara na ebumnuche ndị mmegide.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="379" href="./Brendan_Rodgers" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Brendan Rodgers">Brendan Rodgers' Celtic team selection<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;last<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Verrall<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;first<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;John<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;13 July 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;publisher<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[HITC]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;4 August 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20160714152452/http://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2016/07/13/john-hartson-criticises-brendan-rodgers-celtic-team-selection/&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;14</nowiki> July 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url-status<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;live<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBJM\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt74\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFVerrall2016\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Verrall, John (13 July 2016). </cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-21" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Efe_Ambrose#cite_note-21 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/opinion/sport/hotline/celtic-defender-efe-ambrose-not-8533674|title=Celtic defender Efe Ambrose is not an accident waiting to happen ... he's an accident that's already happened|author=Gannon|first=Michael|date=31 July 2016|work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|publisher=[[Trinity Mirror]]|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'òtù mbụ na Celtic n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ bụ Brendan Rodgers, Celtic nabatara onyinye £ 300,000 maka Ambrose site na Standard Liège, mana nkwekọrịta ahụ dara mgbe ọ họọrọ ịnọ na Celtic Park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37239566|title=Celtic: Jozo Simunovic and Efe Ambrose deals fall through|author=Sutherland|first=Jonathan|date=31 August 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, atụmatụ ịgbazinye ego nke Ambrose na Blackburn Rovers dara, mgbe klọb ahụ enweghị ike inweta ikike ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|title=Efe Ambrose: Blackburn cancel Celtic defender's loan move|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 February 2017|accessdate=27 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301181934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|archivedate=1 March 2017}}</ref> === Hibernian === Na 28 February 2017, Ambrose sonyeere Hibernian na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. Ambrose gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Hibs na 25 Maachị, goolu mmalite na asọmpi 2–1 Scottish meriri Falkirk. Ọ meriri ihe nrite onye ọkpụkpọ asọmpi nke ọnwa nke Scottish maka Maachị 2017. Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Celtic gwụrụ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ambrose bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Hibernian.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/news/7594|title=Efe Ambrose signs two-year deal with Hibernian|work=Hibernian FC|date=8 June 2017|accessdate=8 June 2017}}</ref> Ambrose gosipụtara otu nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta ya wee hapụ Hibernian na Jenụwarị 2019, n'agbanyeghị na klọb ahụ nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|title=Hibernian: Efe Ambrose triggers contract clause to leave Easter Road|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 January 2019|accessdate=4 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124034/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|archivedate=4 January 2019}}</ref> === Obodo Derby === N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, Ambrose gara ikpe na EFL Championship club Derby County . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County take an ex-Celtic and Hibernian defender on trial|publisher=BBC Sport|date=8 February 2019|accessdate=8 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123941/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|archivedate=9 February 2019}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'ọnwa ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County complete deal for former Hibernian defender|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 February 2019|accessdate=15 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215232420/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|archivedate=15 February 2019}}</ref> Derby County tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|title=Ashley Cole: Former England left-back set to retire after Derby exit|date=3 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608031618/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|archivedate=8 June 2019}}</ref> === Livingston === Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa na-enweghị klọb, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Livingston na Febụwarị 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/efe-ambrose-joins-livingston-and-could-make-debut-against-hibs-1848723|title=Efe Ambrose joins Livingston - and could make debut against Hibs|first=Alan|author=Temple|work=Edinburgh Evening News|date=18 February 2020|accessdate=18 February 2020}}</ref> Na Mee 2021, Ambrose bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu ole na ole Livingston tọhapụrụ na ngwụcha oge 2020-21.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.com/sport/news/2021/may/efe-ambrose-and-jay-emmanuel-thomas-among-players-released-by-livingston|title=Efe Ambrose and Jay Emmanuel-Thomas among players released by Livingston|work=bt.com|date=18 May 2021|accessdate=22 August 2021}}</ref> === St Johnstone === Na Septemba 2021, Ambrose bịanyere aka na St Johnstone nke Scottish Premiership.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2021|title=Efe Ambrose Signs For Saints|url=https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints|accessdate=10 September 2021|work=perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk|archivedate=10 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183502/https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints}}</ref> ==== Dunfermline ==== Na 4 Febụwarị 2022, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Championship Dunfermline Athletic na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2021-22. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dafc.co.uk/story.php?t=Efe_Ambrose_arrives_on_loan&ID=13610|title=Efe Ambrose arrives on loan|publisher=Dunfermline Athletic FC|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=4 February 2022}}</ref> === Greenock Morton === Ambrose bịanyere aka na Greenock Morton na 26 Ọktoba 2022 na nkwekọrịta ruo na ngwụcha oge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmfc.net/efe-ambrose-signs-for-morton/|title=Efe Ambrose signs for Morton|publisher=Greenock Morton FC|date=26 October 2022}}</ref> Ambrose ga-eme nke mbụ ya megide Inverness Caledonian Thistle, karịsịa ịbụ onye a kpọrọ nwoke nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe Morton meriri 4-0.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Morton up to second after thrashing Inverness|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63339709|accessdate=2023-07-20}}</ref> Ambrose gbakwara goolu mbụ na naanị goolu Morton meriri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Partick Thistle.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Morton beat Thistle to narrow Ayr's lead at top|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63524051|accessdate=2023-07-20}}</ref> Ambrose mere ngụkọta nke ugboro iri na anọ maka Morton na asọmpi niile, tupu a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ mgbe nkwekọrịta ya gwụsịrị. === Eze Nwanyị nke Ndịda === Na 25 Julaị 2023, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Queen of the South ruo 31 Disemba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/news-6145|title=QosFC: Welcome - Efe Ambrose}}</ref> === Ebe a na-eli ozu === Na 8 June 2024, Ambrose sonyeere North West Counties Football League Premier Division nke Bury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/incoming-efe-ambrose/|title=Incoming: Efe Ambrose|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=8 June 2024|accessdate=8 June 2024}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Bury kwupụtara na Ambrose ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ Igbe FA gachara egwuregwu FA Vase n'ụbọchị na-esote. Ebe ọ nọgidere na-ebi na Scotland, njem gaa Bury abụghịzi nhọrọ dị mma maka Ambrose na ezinụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/efe-ambrose-departs/|title=Efe Ambrose Departs|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=23 August 2024|accessdate=27 August 2024}}</ref> === Workington === N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Northern Premier League Premier Division Workington . === Glasgow United === Ambrose bịanyere aka na Glasgow United na July 2025. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose plays for Glasgow United against Ardeer Thistle|url=https://www.ardrossanherald.com/sport/25344845.efe-ambrose-plays-glasgow-united-ardeer-thistle/|publisher=Ardrossan Herald|date=28 July 2025}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ambrose bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naijiria na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flying Eagles' Star Class of 2007: Where Are They Now? {{!}} Wolexis Sports Blog|url=http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|work=www.wolexis.com|accessdate=15 January 2016|date=15 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118021925/http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|archivedate=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="fifa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|title=FIFA Tournaments|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702081204/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|archivedate=2 July 2015}}</ref> O mechara nọchite anya Naijiria U-23 ma gbaa egwuregwu abụọ na 2008 Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/10072008/news/sports7.html|title=Sports 7|accessdate=9 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216235610/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/|archivedate=16 February 2013}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113015637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20970786|archivedate=13 January 2013}}</ref> Na Africa Cup of Nations, Ambrose gbara ise n'ime egwuregwu isii maka Naịjirịa, na-egwuri egwu n'ọnọdụ azụ aka nri, gụnyere nke ikpeazụ nke ọ malitere. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mikel, Moses, Emenike, Pitroipa named in CAF Team of Tournament|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/sports/119745-mikel-moses-emenike-pitroipa-named-in-caf-team-of-tournament.html|publisher=[[Premium Times]] Nigeria|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref> Ambrose na-ekwu na mmeri nke Africa Cup of Nations bụ nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru na otu n'ime oge kachasị ukwuu nke ndụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ambrose: We leave as giants|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2010179/?intcmp=newsreader_news_box_3|publisher=FIFA.com|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013|archive-date=1 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201171050/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid%3D2010179/?intcmp=newsreader_news_box_3|url-status=dead}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613165542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22827902|archivedate=13 June 2013}}</ref> na 2014 FIFA World Cup . A họpụtabeghị Ambrose kemgbe 2016, n'ihi na ọ tụfuru ọnọdụ ya na Celtic. Ọ na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile maka Hibernian n'oge oge 2017-18, mana echetaghị ya maka ndị otu 2018 FIFA World Cup. <ref name="2018 world cup">{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/cammy-bell-departs-hibs-as-efe-ambrose-call-is-slammed-1-4741672|title=Cammy Bell departs Hibs as Efe Ambrose call is slammed|work=Edinburgh Evening News|first=Anthony|author=Brown|date=19 May 2018|accessdate=19 May 2018|archive-date=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204407/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/cammy-bell-departs-hibs-as-efe-ambrose-call-is-slammed-1-4741672|url-status=dead}}</ref> Onye bụbu onye njikwa Naijiria bụ Samson Siasia katọrọ mkpebi a, onye chere na ahụmịhe Ambrose ga-aba uru.<ref name="2018 world cup" /> == Ụdị egwuregwu == Ambrose na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa ma nwee ike igwu egwu dị ka onye nọ n'etiti ma ọ bụ n'azụ aka nri, na-eme ya na Israel Premier League na FC Ashdod . A na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti, a maara Efe maka ịdị jụụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Fisher|first=Stewart|title=Ambrose and Wilson making strong case for the Celtic Defence|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/ambrose-and-wilson-making-strong-case-for-the-celtic-defence.19253437|work=Herald Scotland|accessdate=6 December 2013|date=25 October 2012}}</ref> Ọ na-emekarị somersault mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu.<ref name="Somersault"/><ref name="falkirk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|title=Hibernian 2–1 Falkirk|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|date=25 March 2017|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325152602/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|archivedate=25 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|title=Neil Lennon holds breath over Efe Ambrose's somersault celebration|publisher=STV Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135524/https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|archivedate=26 March 2017}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === [[w:updated|2 October 2021]]<ref>{{Soccerbase|id=67424|name=Efe Ambrose}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="4" |Ashdod |2010–11 |Njikọ Premier nke Israel |31 |1 |6 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |39 |1 |- |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier nke Israel |35 |2 |1 |0 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - |40 |4 |- |2012–13 |Njikọ Premier nke Israel |1 |0 |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !67 !3 !10 !0 !6 !2 ! colspan="2" |- !83 !5 |- | rowspan="6" |Ndị Celt |2012–13 |Njikọ Premier nke Scotland |27 |3 |5 |0 |2 |0 |7[a] |0 |41 |3 |- |2013–14 |Onye isi ala Scotland |38 |2 |2 |0 |1 |0 |10[a] |1 |51 |3 |- |2014–15 |Onye isi ala Scotland |27 |0 |3 |0 |2 |0 |11[b] |0 |43 |0 |- |2015–16 |Onye isi ala Scotland |21 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |6[c] |0 |31 |0 |- |2016–17 |Onye isi ala Scotland |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2[d] |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !113 !5 !12 !0 !7 !0 !36 !1 !168 !6 |- |Hibernian (onye a gbazitere) |2016–17 |Mmeri Scotland |10 |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |12 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Hibernian |2017–18 |Onye isi ala Scotland |38 |2 |1 |0 |6 |1 | colspan="2" | - |45 |3 |- |2018–19 |Onye isi ala Scotland |21 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |6[e] |2 |29 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !59 !2 !1 !0 !8 !1 !6 !2 !74 !5 |- |Obodo Derby |2018–19 |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Livingston |2019–20 |Onye isi ala Scotland |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- |2020–21 |Onye isi ala Scotland |22 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 | colspan="2" | - |28 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !25 !0 !0 !0 !6 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !31 !0 |- |St Johnstone |2021–22 |Onye isi ala Scotland |3 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !274 !11 !25 !0 !27 !3 !42 !3 !368 !17 |}   === Mpụta mba ụwa === [[w:updated|match played 29 March 2016]] <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player |id=3850|name=Ambrose, Efe |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="9" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2008 |1 |0 |- |2009 | colspan="2" |&#x2D; |- |2010 | colspan="2" |&#x2D; |- |2011 |10 |0 |- |2012 |5 |1 |- |2013 |17 |0 |- |2014 |13 |1 |- |2015 |3 |2 |- |2016 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !51 !4 |} === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa === : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.'' {| class="wikitable" !# !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |13 Ọktoba 2012 |U.J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] | Liberia | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |6–1 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |2. |6 Septemba 2014 |U.J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria | Congo | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–3 |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |3. |11 Ọktoba 2015 |Edmond Machtens Stadium, Brussels, [[Belgium]] | Cameroon | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |4. |17 Nọvemba 2015 |[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria | Swaziland | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Bayelsa''' * Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2008-09 * Iko Mba Naịjirịa: 2010 * Onye isi ala Scotland: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-162015–16 * Iko Scotland: 2012-13<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hibernian 0–3 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Lamont|first=Alasdair|date=26 May 2013|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316081014/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|archivedate=16 March 2016}}</ref> * Iko Njikọ Scotland: 2014-15<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dundee United 0–2 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Wilson|first=Richard|date=15 March 2015|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003180004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|archivedate=3 October 2017}}</ref> * Mmeri Scotland: 2016-17<ref name="BBC39536738">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|title=Hibernian 3–0 Queen of the South|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 April 2017|accessdate=16 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415171226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|archivedate=15 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|title=Hibs defender Efe Ambrose qualifies to collect Championship winner's medal after missing out on medal at Celtic|first=Darren|author=Johnstone|work=Deadline News|date=27 April 2017|accessdate=28 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190844/http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|archivedate=21 October 2018}}</ref> * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013 * UEFA Champions League Team of the Week: (Izu 3, 2012-13) * Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2013<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}</ref> * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Aga m agba goolu ndị ọzọ maka Eagles - Ambrose E debere ya na Wayback Machine * Efe Ambrosen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Efe Ambrosena National-Football-Teams.com * Efe AmbrosenaESPN FC {{DEFAULTSORT:Ambrose, Efe}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0g1zu7pgpks3gvvoro76slxwd0jusms 0 75324 727875 725603 2026-09-25T08:56:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (amụrụ na 22 Mee 1991), nke a maara dị ka '''Joel Obi''', bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti. == Ọrụ klọb == === Inter === [[Faịlụ:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Joel Obi na Inter]] N'afọ 2009, José Mourinho hụrụ ya ma duru ya gaa n'òtù mbụ nke Inter mgbe ụfọdụ. N'afọ 2010, ọbụlagodi na ọ naghị agba bọọlụ, edebanyere aha ya na ndepụta 'A' nke ndị egwuregwu, bụ ndị meriri Champions League na nke ikpeazụ megide Bayern Munich. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2010, Rafael Benítez kpọgara ya na ndị otu mbụ. Obi mere nke mbụ ya maka Inter na 29 Septemba 2010 na egwuregwu UEFA Champions League megide Werder Bremen. <ref name="obidebut">{{Cite news|title=Joel Chukwuma Obi – Profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250003339/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327082613/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250003339/profile/index.html|archive-date=2010-03-27|access-date=2026-05-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gbara nkeji iri ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya na nkeji nke 80 maka onye ọgba bọọlụ ibe ya Dejan Stanković. Inter gara n'ihu merie Werder Bremen na 4-0 shutout.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e9-0e75abbcea79-75c484c0b55b-1000--eto-o-hat-trick-eases-inter-past-bremen/|title=Eto'o hat-trick eases Inter past Bremen|date=29 September 2010|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Obi mere Serie A mbụ ya na 17 Ọktoba 2010 megide Cagliari mgbe ọ nọchiri Philippe Coutinho na nkeji nke iri isii na isii.<ref name="obidebutitaly">{{Cite news|title=2010 Serie A, Round 7|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/seriea/matchStats?gameId=2010101710759|publisher=Fox Soccer|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 1-0 site na goolu [[Samuel Eto'o]]. Obi malitere "Milan Derby" na Beijing maka Supercoppa [[Italy|Italian]]<nowiki/>a na 14 Nọvemba mana ekwesịrị dochie ya mgbe naanị nkeji 35 gasịrị n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, Coutinho dochie ya. Na Jenụwarị 2011, Obi na Nwankwo Obiora na-ere ya na Parma maka naanị € 750 na € 300,000 n'otu n'otu. Na otu egwuregwu ọ bụ onye mmalite n'okpuru ma Gian Piero Gasperini na onye nchịkwa ọhụrụ, Claudio Ranieri. Na 27 Septemba ọ malitere mmalite mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ, na 1 October, ezigara ya maka oge mbụ na ọrụ ya mgbe kaadị edo edo nke abụọ n'ụlọ Napoli. Na 17 Jenụwarị 2012 Parma rere òkè 50% nke Obi azụ na Inter maka nde €3.2 (€ 1.7 nde gbakwunyere Crisetig) na akwụgoro ụgwọ ọnwa ya na € 600,000 akọwara kwa afọ. Na 29 Eprel, Obi meriri goolu mbụ ya na Serie A megide Cesena, ihe nhata nwa oge 1–1, na mmeri 2–1 mechara. O mechiri oge 2011 – 12 na ngosipụta 27 na Serie A, abụọ na Coppa Italia na asaa na Champions League, gbakwunyere otu na ngwụcha Supercoppa Italiana. Otú ọ dị, e belatara oge ya site na mmerụ ọjọọ nke mere ka ọ nọrọ ogologo oge ezumike. Remaining at a standstill due to injury, he returned to the field in 2012–13 season, exactly on 4 October, in the victory away from home 1–3 against Neftchi Baku in the Europa League scoring the goal of 0–2,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0202-0e9d7903f82f-4103b9ffe368-1000--la-baby-inter-convince-a-baku/|title=La baby Inter convince a Baku|work=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}</ref> which was the 500th goal in UEFA<ref>{{Cite news|title=Il tacco di Coutinho|publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]}}</ref> competition for Inter. He concluded the season with two appearances in the league, one in the Coppa Italia and one in the Europa League. ==== Parma (nke a gbazinyere) ==== N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, e nyere ya Parma, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/en/news/43616|title=Joel Obi moves to Parma|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=FC Internazionale Milano|archive-date=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606211238/http://www.inter.it/en/news/43616|url-status=dead}}</ref> n'egwuregwu ya na Catania, na-anọchi Marco Parolo. Mgbe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro asatọ, ọ laghachiri na Inter. === Ịlaghachi na Inter === Na 28 August 2014, ọ laghachiri na-egwu Inter na egwuregwu ụlọ meriri 6-0 na Europa League megide Stjarnan. Obi gara n'ihu na-agba egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ n'usoro Walter Mazzarri 3-5-2 n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ nke ndị otu ya. Na 23 Nọvemba, ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye mbido na Milan derby, na-enye ihe nhata (1–1), na mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya nke oge, na-eme mmemme site na mmekpa ahụ. Ọ laghachiri n'ọhịa dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu ụlọ furu efu 0–1 megide Torino na 25 Jenụwarị 2015, na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. Ọ mechiri oge ahụ na egwuregwu iri na asaa na otu goolu. N'ozuzu maka Inter ọ mere ngosi 71 wee nye goolu atọ. === Torino === N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Obi gafere Torino maka ego € 2.2 nde ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|title=Official: Joel Obi Joins Torino|publisher=Kicknews24.com|accessdate=3 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065147/http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torinofc.it/news/02/07/2015/joel-obi-al-toro_8577|title=Joel Obi al Toro|date=2 July 2015|accessdate=2 July 2015|publisher=Torino F.C.|language=it}}</ref> Na mbido oge ahụ, o merụrụ ahụ ugboro abụọ, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha, mere ka ọ ghara ịga ọkara mbụ nke oge 2015-16. Ọ laghachiri n'ọgbọ egwuregwu, na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu megide Chievo Verona na 7 Febụwarị 2016, Alexander Farnerud nọchiri ya na ọkara nke abụọ. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, ọ pụtara nke iri abụọ na anọ ya na Torino megide Sassulo wee gbaa goolu nke abụọ ya na nke mbụ n'oge ahụ na nkeji iri asatọ na asatọ. Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 3-0 na-akwado Torino n'ụlọ. === Chievo Verona === N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Chievo Verona na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na nhọrọ maka oge ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&idtmw=1145015|accessdate=11 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: ChievoVerona, ecco Obi: contratto triennale con opzione|archivedate=12 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812021701/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&idtmw=1145015}}</ref> Obi gbazinyere klọb [[Turkéy|Turkey]] Alanyaspor na Jenụwarị 2019 maka ọkara nke abụọ nke mkpọsa 2018-19. <ref name="Salernitana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}</ref> N'Oge 2020-21, onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ gbara goolu anọ n'egwuregwu 31 nke Serie B maka Chievo.<ref name="Salernitana"/> Na 21 Julaị 2021, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb U.S. Salernitana 1919 nke e buliri n'ọkwa Serie A n'efu.<ref name="Salernitana"/> Obi kwetara nkwekọrịta otu afọ na nhọrọ nke ịgbatị.<ref name="Salernitana" /> Na 20 Julaị 2022, Obi sonyeere Reggina na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Reggina|url=https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/|title=JOEL OBI È UN CALCIATORE AMARANTO|date=20 July 2022|accessdate=20 July 2022|language=it|archivedate=21 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021194840/https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/}}</ref> === Vis Pesaro === Na Jenụwarị 2024, Obi sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Serie C Group B Vis Pesaro na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vispesaro1898.it/vis/vis-pesaro-joel-obi-ufficiale/|title=JOEL OBI È BIANCOROSSO!|work=www.vispesaro1898.it|language=Italian|date=10 January 2024|accessdate=10 January 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Obi mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 9 Febụwarị 2011 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ya na Sierra Leone na Lagos. Ọ malitere egwuregwu iri na otu sochirinụ n'usoro maka ''Eagles'' tupu ọ merụọ ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 2012. A kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2014 World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=24 November 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 ''FIFA World Cup na [[Russia]]''. <ref>{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2018: Arsenal's Iwobi in Nigeria's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44346451|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=BBC Sport|date=3 June 2018}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == [[w:updated|22 May 2022]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Joel obi Inter Profile |url=http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |accessdate=8 May 2026 |archivedate=26 June 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 }}</ref><ref>{{Soccerway|joel-chukwuma-obi/85498}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="5" |Mba ụwa |2010–11 | rowspan="4" |Usoro A |10 |0 |2 |0 |1[a] |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |2011–12 |27 |0 |2 |0 |7[a] |0 |1[b] |0 |37 |0 |- |2012–13 |2 |0 |1 |0 |1[c] |1 | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- |2014–15 |11 |1 |1 |0 |3[c] |0 | colspan="2" | - |15 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !50 !1 !6 !0 !12 !1 !1 !0 !69 !2 |- |Parma (nke a gbazinyere) |2013–14 |Usoro A |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Torino |2015–16 | rowspan="3" |Usoro A |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2016–17 |20 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- |2017–18 |22 |5 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |25 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !52 !6 !7 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !59 !7 |- | rowspan="4" |Chievo |2018–19 | rowspan="2" |Usoro A |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2019–20 |29 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |1 |- |2020–21 |Usoro B |31 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |32 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !71 !6 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !72 !6 |- |Alanyaspor (onye a gbazinyere) |2018–19 |Süper Lig |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |- |Salernitana |2021–22 |Usoro A |21 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !204 !13 !16 !1 !12 !1 !1 !0 !233 !15 |}   === Mba Nile === [[w:updated|22 June 2018]]<ref>{{NFT player|41934}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="8" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2011 |11 |0 |- |2012 |0 |0 |- |2013 |0 |0 |- |2014 |1 |0 |- |2015 |0 |0 |- |2016 |0 |0 |- |2017 |0 |0 |- |2018 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !16 !0 |} == Nsọpụrụ == * Coppa Italia: 2010-112010–11 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2010 * FIFA Club World Cup: 2010 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mo3qw436dj17gc3t5m4k5one9iz645b 0 75328 727891 721942 2026-09-25T10:16:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727891 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:JosephYobo'13 (cropped).JPG|thumb|Joseph Yobo]] '''Josef Michael Yobo''' OON (amụrụ na 6 Septemba 1980) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ azụ. Yobo malitere ọrụ ya na Standard Liège na Marseilles tupu ọ banye Everton na 2002. Ọ nọrọ afọ iri na klọb ahụ wee bụrụ onye egwuregwu Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi Everton. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Everton, ọ nọrọ oge na Fenerbahçe na Norwich City. Ọ bụ onyeisi [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa na June 2014, ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndekọ Naijiria. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu mba Naijiria itoolu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rohr sacked as Nigeria coach with Eguavoen named as replacement {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/rohr-sacked-as-nigeria-coach-with-eguavoen-named-as/blt4047d58f4a0f81b5|accessdate=24 January 2022|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> == Afọ ndị mbụ == Ebe a mụrụ Yobo na mmalite ya bụ Kono, obodo Ogoni dị na [[Khana]] Local Government Area nke Rivers State, Nigeria.<ref name="kono">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm|title=Hon. Worgu Boms|publisher=BBC|date=18 July 2007|accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref> Yobo hapụrụ Naijiria iji sonye na Standard Liège na 1998. O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya n'afọ 2000, wee gaa n'ihu na-apụta ugboro 46. N'afọ 2001, Marseilles zụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/1493202.stm|title=European Preview: Belgium Transfers|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=15 August 2001|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Everton === [[Faịlụ:Van_Persie_free_kick.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Yobo (#4) na-egwuri egwu maka Everton megide Arsenal.]] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ malitere, a gbazinyere Yobo na Tenerife. Mgbe ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu gasịrị, Yobo laghachiri Marseille, tupu ọ banye Everton, ọzọ na mgbazinye ego, na July 2002. A chọrọ ego £ 1 nde iji debanye aha onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, ọ ghọkwara onye mbụ David Moyes bịanyere aka.<ref name="bbc_2002">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm|title=Everton complete Yobo chase|work=BBC Sport|date=9 July 2002|accessdate=20 September 2008}}</ref> Nhọrọ iji mee ka ọ gaa n'ihu bụrụ nke na-adịgide adịgide ka e mere na 2003 mgbe esemokwu dị n'etiti Yobo na Marseille doziri, na Everton kwetara na a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ọzọ nke £ 4 nde. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Dominic|author=Fifield|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10|title=Everton close in on Yobo's signature|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 November 2002|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref> Yobo ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu kachasị mma na ndị otu Everton, ọ bụkwa otu n'etiti ndị egwuregwu asaa na league dum na-egwu nkeji ọ bụla nke egwuregwu ọ bụla n'oge 2006-07; onye otu ya Joleon Lescott bụkwa onye na-anọ mgbe niile n'oge niile. Ogologo oge, na 2006, n'ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na Everton dugara na asịrị banyere ịkwaga Arsenal, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm|title=Everton face Yobo contract delay|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref> mana na 22 Julaị, Yobo tinyere onwe ya na Goodison Park ruo 2010. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2007, Yobo ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ mba ofesi na Everton, ihe ndekọ o nwere ruo na mbido afọ 2012. Maka egwuregwu UEFA Cup megide AEL nke [[Greece|Gris]] na 25 Ọktoba 2007, a kpọrọ Yobo aha dị ka onyeisi na-anọghị Phil Neville ma si otú a ghọọ onye Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi klọb ahụ. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2009, Yobo gbara goolu mbụ ya n'oge ahụ megide West Ham United iji mechie mmeri 3-1. N'afọ 2009-10, Yobo aghaghị ime mgbanwe na onye na-agbachitere ya ọhụrụ, Sylvain Distin, mgbe Joleon Lescott hapụrụ na Phil Jagielka merụrụ ahụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, ọ gbara goolu nke ya na mmeri Everton 2-0 meriri Liverpool na Merseyside derby. A na-ahọrọ Distin, Jagielka na John Heitinga karịa Yobo, na-eme ka ọ nọrọ n'oche. Na 31 Ọgọst 2010, Yobo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego otu afọ na Fenerbahçe. Yobo mere egwuregwu 30 wee nye goolu, nyere ndị otu ya aka inweta mmeri. Na 6 Septemba 2011, Fenerbahçe na Everton kwetara n'ịgbazinye ego ọzọ maka € 700,000 na Yobo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta otu afọ ruru € 2.35 nde. Na 4 August 2012, ọ bịanyere aka na Fenerbahçe, oge a na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, mgbe ya na Everton nọrọ afọ iri. Na 17 Ọgọọst, Fenerbahçe gbara Torku Konyaspor na Yobo wee nweta goolu na egwuregwu ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ya na Fenerbahçe kwụsịrị site na usoro abụọ tupu oge 2014-15. N'August 31, 2014, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke ọma wee wepụta ya na Fenerbahçe. === Obodo Norwich === Na 30 Jenụwarị 2014, Yobo laghachiri England na mgbazinye na Norwich City maka oge fọdụrụnụ na-ele anya ịkwaga na-adịgide adịgide n'oge ọkọchị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25958861|title=Transfer window 2014: Norwich City sign Joseph Yobo on loan|date=30 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014|author=Oluwashina Okeleji}}</ref> O gosipụtara nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ site na mpempe akwụkwọ dị ọcha megide klọb kachasị elu Manchester City na 8 Febụwarị.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 February 2014|accessdate=8 February 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25995045|title=Barclays Premier League: Norwich City 0–0 Manchester City}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Yobo bụ onye bụbu onye mba [[w:Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]], onye e meriri Ugboro 101 ma nọchite anya Super Eagles na iko ụwa FIFA atọ na asọmpi mba Afrịka isii.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709013506/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player%3D178403/profile-detail.html|archive-date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ sonyere na ọsọ Naịjirịa na 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship quarter-finals, Yobo mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa megide Zambia na [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] qualification (CAF)">2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier na 24 Machị 2001. <ref name="fifa"/> Ọ gbara bọọlụ isii niile n'egwuregwu ndị otu ahụ na 2002 Africa Cup of Nations ma tinye ya na ndị otu maka 2002 FIFA World Cup, ebe ọ nọkwa mgbe niile, <ref name="rsssf">{{Cite news|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – International Appearances|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> na-enyere [[Julius Aghahowa]] aka na mmeri 2-1 na Sweden. <ref>{{Cite news|date=7 June 2002|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/sweden_v_nigeria/default.stm|title=Swedes knock out Nigeria}}</ref> Yobo pụtara na World Cup nke abụọ ya na asọmpi 2010 na South Africa, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ ghọrọ onye isi ụgbọ mmiri na ezumike nká mba ụwa nke [[Nwankwo Kanu]].<ref name="fifa"/> Onye na-agbachitere ndị agha abụghịzi onye egwuregwu mbụ a họọrọ na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, mana o welitere iko ahụ mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-anọchi anya nkeji nke 89 na mmeri ikpeazụ nke Naịjirịa 1-0 nke Burkina Faso.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21403223|title=Africa Cup of Nations final as it happened|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222080627/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21403223|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na June 2014, Yobo so na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka iko mba ụwa nke 2014. Akpọrọ ya aha n'ahịrị mmalite maka egwuregwu nke abụọ na nke atọ, na-enyere ndị Super Eagles aka ka ha nweta 1-0 dị ọcha na Bosnia na Herzegovina. Na 30 June, o mere ihe ngosi 100 nke mba ụwa, na-achị Nigeria megide France na agba nke 16. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na mmeri 2-0, Yobo kwupụtara ịla ezumike nká na football mba ụwa, na-ekwu, sị: "Nke a bụ ya. Enwere m ike ileghachi anya ọrụ m na nnukwu mpako. Achọrọ m ịhapụ obodo m. Ịkụ France abụghị ụzọ m ga-esi na-eme ihe ọ bụla na mba ndị ọzọ. ohere ịbịa n'ihu. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara Yobo ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles mgbe nzukọ dị mkpirikpi e nwere na [[Abuja]] gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joseph-yobo-confirmed-as-new-nigeria-assistant-coach/16570j9r5hjx314q3mjy39m8dt|title=Yobo confirmed as new Nigeria assistant coach {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi iji dochie Imama Amapakabo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/nff-fires-imama-appoints-joseph-yobo-as-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|title=NFF Fires Imama, Appoints Joseph Yobo As Super Eagles Assistant Coach|author=Saliu|first=Mohammed|date=12 February 2020|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=12 February 2020|archivedate=12 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212202740/https://www.brila.net/nff-fires-imama-appoints-joseph-yobo-as-super-eagles-assistant-coach/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Adewale|author=Charles|title=Joseph Yobo appointed new Super Eagles assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|url=https://soccerblitz.com.ng/nigeria/super-eagles/joseph-yobo-appointed-new-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|accessdate=12 February 2020|archive-date=19 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219012206/https://soccerblitz.com.ng/nigeria/super-eagles/joseph-yobo-appointed-new-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51481160|title=Joseph Yobo: Former Nigeria captain appointed as assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=12 February 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yobo kwuru "M na-eweta mkpali ahụ. Dị ka onye bụbu onyeisi, ana m eweta mkpali. Anọwo m ebe ahụ ma emeela ya niile. Abụ m onye na-akwado otu ahụ tupu m bụrụ onye na-enyere m aka, yabụ ahụla m site n'echiche siri ike otú ndị mmadụ si eche mgbe ha na-ekiri otu ahụ. Anyị dị ka ndị egwuregwu, mgbe ha na ya na-egwu egwu, anaghị ahụ ihe ndị a mana mgbe m lara ezumike nká, enye m echiche m echiche banyere ihe a ka anyị na-eme n'ime ihe m dị elu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I'll bring motivation, experience to Eagles – Yobo|url=https://punchng.com/ill-bring-motivation-experience-to-eagles-yobo/|accessdate=5 February 2021|work=[[The Punch]]|date=13 April 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, mgbe ha nwesịrị mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, Yobo lụrụ onye bụbu MBGN [[Adaeze Yobo|Adaeze Igwe]] n'ememe etiti abalị e mere na [[Jos]]. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ n'ememe dị ala naanị ọnwa atọ ka ha zutere na Disemba 2009. Otú ọ dị, a maara na a na-ekwu na ha na-agbalị izochi nsogbu alụmdi na nwunye ha n'ihu ndị nta akụkọ na ọha na eze. Di na nwunye ahụ nabatara nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Joey Yobo n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010. Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye mba Naijiria bụ [[Albert Yobo]]. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008, a tọọrọ nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Norum na Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria ma jide ya maka mgbapụta. E mechara tọhapụ ya mgbe ụbọchị iri na abụọ gachara na 17 Julaị 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yobo's Brother Released|date=19 March 2008|accessdate=13 April 2011|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227055028/http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archivedate=27 December 2010}}</ref> A kọrọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Naijiria na Yobo gara [[T. B. Joshua|T.B. Joshua]] maka ekpere mgbe o merụrụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ na 2010 Africa Cup of Nations . <ref>{{Cite news|first=Peter|author=Auf der Heyde|title=Sports Medicine – African Style|date=27 January 2010|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1528962.php/Sports-medicine-African-style-Feature|work=Monsters and Critics|archive-date=11 October 2012|access-date=8 May 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011154334/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1528962.php/Sports-medicine-African-style-Feature|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yobo na nwunye ya, Adaeze Igwe nwetara utu aha nke Mene Aborlo 1 na Waamene Aborlo 1' nke Ogoniland site n'aka Eze GNK Gininwa nke Ogoni Kingdom na Satọdee, 28 Mee 2016. Nke a bụ otu ụbọchị mgbe Gọọmentị Rivers State haziri egwuregwu akaebe ya na Friday, 27 May 2016 N'afọ 2007, Yobo guzobere Joseph Yobo Charity Foundation, iji nyere ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ùgwù aka na Naịjirịa. Ka ọ na-erule 18 Julaị 2007, o nyela ihe karịrị 300 agụmakwụkwọ site na praịmarị ruo na mahadum. Yobo amalitela ụlọ akwụkwọ bọọlụ na mpaghara Ogoni nke Naịjirịa. Ọ na-ejikwa ogige bọọlụ na Lagos. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830|title=Joseph Yobo : Biography}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Standard Liège |2000–01 |Ngalaba Mbụ nke Belgium |30 |2 | | | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |30 |2 |- |Olympique Marseille |2001–02 |Nkewa 1 |23 |0 | | | | | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- |Everton (nke a gbazinyere) |2002–03 |Njikọ Premier |24 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |26 |0 |- | rowspan="8" |Everton |2003–04 |Njikọ Premier |28 |2 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |31 |2 |- |2004–05 |Njikọ Premier |27 |0 |3 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |0 |- |2005–06 |Njikọ Premier |29 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |4[a] |1 |34 |2 |- |2006–07 |Njikọ Premier |38 |2 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |40 |2 |- |2007–08 |Njikọ Premier |30 |1 |0 |0 |2 |0 |7[b] |0 |39 |1 |- |2008–09 |Njikọ Premier |27 |1 |3 |0 |1 |0 |2[b] |0 |33 |1 |- |2009–10 |Njikọ Premier |17 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6[b] |1 |23 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !196 !8 !8 !0 !10 !0 !19 !2 !233 !10 |- | rowspan="3" |Fenerbahçe (onye a gbazitere) |2010–11 |Süper Lig |30 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |1 |- |2011–12 |Süper Lig |39 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |42 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !69 !2 !6 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !75 !2 |- | rowspan="3" |Fenerbahçe |2012–13 |Süper Lig |20 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |12[c] |0 |34 |0 |- |2013–14 |Süper Lig |1 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3[d] |0 |5 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !21 !1 !3 !0 !0 !0 !15 !0 !38 !1 |- |Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) |2013–14 |Njikọ Premier |8 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !371 !13 !17 !0 !12 !0 !34 !2 !437 !15 |}    === Mba Nile === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="16" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2001 |7 |0 |- |2002 |12 |0 |- |2003 |3 |1 |- |2004 |10 |2 |- |2005 |6 |0 |- |2006 |8 |0 |- |2007 |4 |0 |- |2008 |10 |2 |- |2009 |5 |0 |- |2010 |10 |0 |- |2011 |11 |2 |- |2012 |2 |0 |- |2013 |6 |0 |- |2014 |6 |0 |- !Ngụkọta !101 !7<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/110406/Yobos_caps_putting_the_records_straight|author=Kunle Solaja|title=Yobo's caps: putting the records straight|publisher=[[SuperSport (South African broadcaster)|SuperSport]]|date=6 April 2011}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Joseph Yobo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – Century of International Appearances|work=[[RSSSF]]|accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref> !# !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |1 June 2003 |[[National Stadium, Lagos|Lagos National Stadium]], Lagos, Nigeria | Cameroon |1–0 |3–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |2. |31 Jenụwarị 2004 |Ogige Mustapha Ben Jannet, Monastir, Tunisia | South Africa |1–0 |4–0 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2004 |- |3. |3 Julaị 2004 |[[Abuja]] Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | Algeria |1–0 |1–0 |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |4. |June 7, 2008 |National Stadium, Freetown, Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone |0–1 |0–1 |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |5. |15 June 2008 |Malabo Stadium, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea | Equatorial Guinea |0–1 |0–1 |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |6. |June 5, 2011 |[[Addis Ababa]] Stadium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | Ethiopia |2–2 |2–2 |2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru |- |7. |4 Septemba 2011 |Mahamasina Stadium, Antananarivo, Madagascar | Madagascar |0–1 |0–2 |2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Fenerbahce''' * Süper Lig: 2010-112010–11 * Iko Turkey: 2011-12, 2012-132012–13 '''Naịjirịa''' * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013 '''Iwu''' * Onye isi nke Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nwere 100 ma ọ bụ karịa mba ụwa == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Cite web|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|title=Joseph Yobo Foundation Charity founded by Joseph Yobo|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122131511/http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|archivedate=22 January 2008}} * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage nke Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100604041417/http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Mpụta mba ụwa] * {{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|title=Premier League profile|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002045100/http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|archivedate=2 October 2012}} * Joseph Yobo-UEFAndekọ asọmpi (Ihe ndekọ)   * Joseph Yobo-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9bmpep3ft4pl9bzpbqpzvks5wnp711g 0 75378 727838 707213 2026-09-25T05:44:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Faịlụ:Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s002.ogv|thumbtime=0:12|thumb|360x360px|Nlereanya nke ikuku na-efe n'oge ịze uzere, na-atụnyere ịze uzere na-ekpuchighị ihe mkpuchi na ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche esi ekpuchi ọnụ na imi mmadụ: ịze uzere n'ime aka, aka e ji aka kpuchie, anụ ahụ, ngwaọrụ ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ, na ihe mkpuchi N95.]] Ize uzere (nke a makwaara dịka '''sternutation n’olu oyibo''') bụ ikuku na-enweghị isi, nke na-esi n'akpa ume pụọ site na imi ya na ọnụ, nke na'abụkarị nke ihe ndị si ebe ọzọ na-akpali mucosal. Ize uzere na-achụpụ ikuku site n'ọnụ na imi n'ụzọ na-agbawa agbawa, nke na-enweghị isi. Omume a na-enye ohere ka mmiri gbapụ site na oghere imi na asọ iji gbapụ n'[[Onu|oghere ọnụ]]. Ize uzere nwere ike ijikọta ya na ikpughe na mberede na ìhè na-egbuke egbuke (nke a maara dịka photic sneeze reflex n’olu oyibo), mgbanwe mberede (ịda) na okpomọkụ, ikuku oyi, afọ jury eju, ikpughe ihe na-adịghị anabata ya, ma ọ bụ nje virus. N'ihi na '''akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ''' nwere ike ịgbasa ọrịa site na mmiri ozuzo [[aerosol]] na-efe efe, a na-atụ aro iji aka gị kpuchie ọnụ gị na imi gị, n'ime ogwe aka gị, anụ ahụ ihu gị maọbụ akwa aka gị mgbe ị na-agbapụta. Na mgbakwunye na ikpuchi ọnụ, a na-atụkwa aro ile anya n'ala iji gbanwee ntụziaka nke mmiri na-agbasa ma zere itinye uche dị elu na nke iku ume mmadụ di elu. Ọrụ nke isi uzere bụ ịchụpụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ihe ndị ọzọ maọbụ ihe na-akpasu iwe ma sachaa oghere imi. N'oge akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ọnụ dị nro na uvula palatine na-agbadata mgbe azụ ire na-ebuli elu iji mechie ụzọ na-aga n'ọnụ, na-emepụta venturi (dịka carburetor) n'ihi Ụkpụrụ Bernoulli ka ikuku si n'akpa ume wee mee ka ikuku na-agafe n'ọnụ ma si otú a na-emepụta ebe nrụgide dị ala n'azụ imi. N'ụzọ a, a na-amanye ikuku ịbanye n'ihu imi ma na-ewepụ mmiri na mmetọ ndị a chụpụrụ n'ọnụ. Ịze uzere mgbe ọnụ mechero emechi na-ewepụ mmiri site n'imi mana anaghị anabata ya n'ihi na ọ na-emepụta nrụgide dị elu n'isi ma nwee ike imerụ ahụ. == Nkọwa == Mmetụta nke izi uzere bụ usoro abụọ na-agụnye ụzọ akwara afferent nakwazi efferent. Ụzọ afferent bụ akụkụ mmetụta, ebe mkpali nke akwara mmetụta pụrụ iche a na-akpọ pruriceptors na mucosa iku ume nke nasopharynx maọbụ nke a na akpọ paranasal sinuses site na kemịkal maọbụ ihe na-akpasu iwe na-emepụta mgbaàmà nke a na-ebufe site na akwara trigeminal gaa na ụbụrụ. Ụzọ efferent bụ akụkụ motor, ebe akụkụ isi medulla oblongata na-eziga mgbaàmà site na akwara motor na ọtụtụ ìgwè uru ahụ dị iche iche n'ahụ dum iji mee ka ikuku na-iwepụ ewepụ, na mgbalị iwepụ ihe na-emebi ihe. Mpaghara akwara ndị na-emetụta ntụgharị ize uzere dị na ụbụrụ n'akụkụ ventromedial nke spinal trigeminal nucleus na nhazi reticular dị n'akụkụ. Mpaghara a yiri ka ọ na-achịkwa uru ahụ pharyngeal, laryngeal, respiratory, na abdominal; ọrụ jikọtara uru ahụ ndị a na-eje ozi dịka akụkụ mmegharị nke izi uzere.<ref name="Nonaka1990">{{Cite journal|title=Sneeze-evoking region within the brainstem|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_brain-research_1990-03-19_511_2/page/265|journal=Brain Research|volume=511|issue=2|pages=265–270|year=1990|pmid=2139800|doi=10.1016/0006-8993(90)90171-7}}</ref> Akụkụ mmegharị nke mmeghachi ize uzere na-agụnye ikuba ume na akụkụ ikufụ ume. N'oge iku ume, diaphragm na intercostal muscle na-agbakọta iji dọta nnukwu ikuku n'ime akpa ume. Nke a na-esochi oge iku ume, mgbe uru ahụ nke afọ na obi na-agbakọta n'ike iji kpochie akpa ume, na-amanye ikuku pụọ na mgbawa siri ike. Mkpịsị aka nke anya na-agbakọta n'amaghị ama n'oge nke ahụ, na-amanye ka anya nwee ike mechie. Ọ bụ ezie na anya anyị na-emechi n’aka onwe ya n'ihi mmeghachi omume na-enweghị isi n'oge ize uzere, aro a na-ahụkarị na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịze uzere na anya gị mepee emepe ezighị ezi.<ref name="Holohan2013">{{Cite news|author=Holohan|first=Meghan|title=The eye-popping truth about why we close our eyes when we sneeze|date=12 April 2013|publisher=NBCNews.com|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/healthmain/eye-popping-truth-about-why-we-close-our-eyes-when-1c9321739|accessdate=1 November 2025}}</ref> Ize uzere enweghị ike ime n'oge ụra n'ihi REM atonia - ọnọdụ ahụ ebe a na-adịghị akpali akwara na-adịghị ebuga na ụbụrụ. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị na-akpali akpali zuru oke n'èzí nwere ike ime ka mmadụ teta n'ụra wee zee uzere, mana ize uzere ụkwara ọ bụla na-eme mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ga-ewere ọnọdụ na ọnọdụ dịkariri ala.<ref name="Glass2019">{{Cite web|author=Glass|first=Don|title=Sleep On, Sneeze Not|work=A Moment of Science|publisher=Indiana Public Media|url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/sleep-on-sneeze-not|accessdate=1 November 2025}}</ref> Ewezuga ịkpasu ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ iwe, allergies maọbụ ọrịa nwere ike ime, ihe ọzọ na-akpali akpali bụ ikpughe ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na mberede - ọnọdụ a maara dịka photic sneeze reflex (PSR). Ịga ije site n'ụlọ gbara ọchịchịrị banye n'ìhè anyanwụ, nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa PSR, maọbụ ACHOO (Autosomal dominant compulsive helio-ophthalmic outbursts of sneezing n’olu oyibo) dịka a na-akpọkwa ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150623-why-looking-at-the-light-makes-us-sneeze|title=Why looking at the sun makes us sneeze.|author=Goldman|first=Jason G.|date=24 June 2015|work=BBC Future|publisher=BBC|accessdate=October 14, 2016}}</ref> Omume ịze uzere mgbe a na-ahụ ìhè na-egbuke egbuke bụ àgwà na-achịkwa onwe ya ma na-emetụta pacentị iri na asatọ ruo pacentị iri ato na ise nke ndị mmadụ.<ref name="Breitenbach_1993">{{Cite journal|title=The photic sneeze reflex as a risk factor to combat pilots|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_military-medicine_1993-12_158_12/page/806|journal=Military Medicine|volume=158|issue=12|pages=806–809|year=1993|pmid=8108024|doi=10.1093/milmed/158.12.806}}</ref> Ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe, nke a na-ahụ n'ime ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ, bụ afọ jupụtara ozugbo ha risịrị nri buru ibu. A maara nke a dịka snatiation ma hụkwazie ya dịka nsogbu ahụike nke a na-agafe site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dịka àgwà na-achịkwa autosomal.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Teebi|first=A S|year=1989|title=Autosomal dominant sneezing disorder provoked by fullness of stomach.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-medical-genetics_1989-08_26_8/page/539|journal=Journal of Medical Genetics|volume=26|issue=8|pages=539–540|doi=10.1136/jmg.26.8.539|pmid=2769729}}</ref> == Ọrịa na-efe efe == [[Faịlụ:7-_to_8-meter-long_turbulent_multiphase_plume_from_a_human_sneeze.jpg|thumb|7-to-8-meter-ogologo (23 to 26 turbulent multiphase plume site na ize uzere mmadụ.]] Enwere ike ibute ọrịa ụfọdụ na-efe efe site na mmiri iku ume na [[Aerosol|aerosols]] nke ịze uzere mepụtara. Ize uzere nwere ike ịmepụta mmiri puku iri anọ, <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Characterization of infectious aerosols in health care facilities: an aid to effective engineering controls and preventive strategies|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-infection-control_1998-08_26_4/page/453|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|volume=26|issue=4|pages=453–464|year=1998|pmid=9721404|doi=10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70046-X}}</ref> na nha nke na-adịkarị site na 0.5 wee ruo 5μm). Iji belata ohere nke ịgbasa ọrịa (dịka ahụ ọkụ), mmadụ na-ejide ogwe aka, n'ime ogwe aka ya, anụ ahụ maọbụ akwa aka n'ihu ọnụ ya na imi ya mgbe ọ na-eze uzere. Iji aka mmadụ maka ebumnuche ahụ adaala n'oge na-adịbeghị anya <ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/CtnEwvUWDo0 Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtnEwvUWDo0&gl=US&hl=en|title=Why Don't We Do It In Our Sleeves|author=Central Maine Medical Center|work=CoughSafe|date=7 March 2012|publisher=CMMC, St. Mary's Hospital, Maine Medical Association|accessdate=17 October 2016|archivedate=30 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730085552/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtnEwvUWDo0&gl=US&hl=en}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtnEwvUWDo0|title=Why Don't We Do It In Our Sleeves|author=Central Maine Medical Center|work=CoughSafe|date=7 March 2012|publisher=CMMC, St. Mary's Hospital, Maine Medical Association|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> n'ihi na a na-ewere ya dịka ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-akwalite ịgbasa nje site na mmetụta mmadụ (dịka Ịmakụ aka) maọbụ site na ihe ndị a na-emetụtakarị (karịsịa ọnụ ụzọ). Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a hụrụ ebe kachasị anya nke ize uzere fepers (maọbụ puffs) na-aga na 0.6 mita (2.0 ft) , na ọsọ kachasị elu nke ize uzere nwetara bụ 4.5m / s (ihe dịka 10mph). <ref name="Tang_2013">{{Cite journal|title=Airflow dynamics of human jets: sneezing and breathing - potential sources of infectious aerosols|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=4|year=2013|pmid=23560060|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059970}}</ref> N'oge afọ 2020, e dekọrọ ize uzere nkụ na-emepụta ábụ́bà ruru mita asatọ (ft iri abụọ na isii). <ref name="aerosols">{{Cite journal|author=Sommerstein|first=R|title=Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, the rational use of masks, and protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19.|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|year=2020|volume=9|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s13756-020-00763-0|pmid=32631450}}</ref> == Mgbochi == [[Faịlụ:Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_Art.IWMPST14133.jpg|thumb|A na-ekpuchi ize uzere site na akwa maọbụ ogwe aka]] Ụzọ ndị a nwapụtara iji belata nsị n'ozuzu ha na-akwado ibelata mmekọrịta na ihe na-akpasu iwe, dịka idebe anụ ụlọ n'ụlọ iji zere ịnyagharị anụmanụ; ijide n'aka na a ga-ewepụ unyi na uzuzu n'oge na-aga n'ihu site na idebe ụlọ kwesịrị ekwesị; dochie nzacha maka ọkụ na ikuku na humidifiers; na ịnọ n'ebe dị anya ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo. Iji ire na-akpụchasị elu ọnụ nwere ike ịkwụsị ize uzere.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Laurie L. Dove|title=Why does tickling the roof of your mouth with your tongue stifle a sneeze|publisher=HowStuffWorks.com.|year=2015|url=https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nose-throat/why-does-tickling-roof-mouth-with-tongue-stifle-sneeze.htm}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ na ize uzere dị ụtọ ma ha agaghị achọ igbochi ha.<ref name="Adkinson2013">{{Cite book|author=Adkinson NF Jr.|title=Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice|edition=6|chapter=Phytomedicine|publisher=Mosby|location=|year=2003|isbn=978-0-323-01425-0}}</ref> A naghị akwado ijide onwe gị n'imi, dịka site na ịpị imi maọbụ ijide ume mmadụ, dịka ikuku na-etinye nrụgide na-enweghị isi na akpa Pa ume na ụzọ ikuku.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Setzen|first=Sean|year=2019|title=The Dangers of Sneezing: A Review of Injuries|journal=American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy|volume=33|issue=3|pages=331–337|doi=10.1177/1945892418823147|pmid=30616365}}</ref> Otu ihe ngosi kọmputa na-atụ aro ijide uzere na-eme ka ikuku ahụ nke 39 k Pa, ihe dịka okpukpu iri abụọ na anọ karịa nke uzere nkiti.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rahiminejad|first=Mohammad|year=2016|title=Computer Simulations of Pressure and Velocity fields in Human Upper Airway during Sneezing|journal=Computers in Biology and Medicine|volume=71|issue=71|pages=115–127|doi=10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.01.022|pmid=26914240}}</ref> N'oge afọ nke 1884, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ Henry Walter Bates kọwara mmetụta nke ize uzere (Bates H.W. oge afọ 1881-wee ruo 84. Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta. Ọ chọpụtara na ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịze uzere naanị mgbe ha chere na ha na-achịkwa gburugburu ha niile. N'ihi ya, o kwubiri na ndị mmadụ enweghị ike ịze uzere n'ọchịchịrị. Otú ọ dị, e mesịrị wee gbaghaa echiche nke a. == Omenaala == [[Faịlụ:Fred_Ott's_Sneeze_(1894).webm|alt=video of a man sneezing from 1894|thumb|''Fred Ott's Sneeze'', n’oge afọ 1894, ihe nkiri nke abụọ kacha ochie dị ndụ nwere ikike nwebisiinka.]] Na mba nke Gris oge ochie, a kwenyere na ize uzere bụ ihe ịrịba ama amụma sitere n'aka chi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n’oge afọ 401 BC, mgbe ọchịagha obodo [[Atens]] nke bụ Xenophon kwuru okwu na-agba ndị agha ibe ya ume ịlụso ndị Peshia ọgụ, otu onye agha ji ize uzere mesie nkwubi okwu ya ike. N'iche na uzere a bụ ihe ịrịba ama dị mma sitere n'aka chi, ndị agha nwere obi ụtọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Xenophon|title=Anabasis|year=1804|url=https://archive.org/details/10238725bsb}}</ref> Ihe atụ ọzọ na-eme na akụkọ Odysseus. Nwunye ya aha ya bụ Penelope, mgbe ọ nụrụ na Odysseus nwere ike ka dị ndụ, kwuru na ya na nwa ya nwoke ga-abọ ọbọ n'ahụ ndị na-achọ ịlụ ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ laghachi. N'oge ahụ, nwa ha nwoke zere uzere n'olu dara ụda, nke mesiri Penelope obi ike na ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama sitere n'aka nke chi (Odyssey 17: oge afọ 541- wee ruo 550). O nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na nkwenye a dịgidere ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, na n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ndi mba Gris n’oge ugbu a, mgbe mmadụ na-ekwusi ike na onye na-ege ntị na-eze uzere ozugbo na njedebe nke nkwupụta ahụ, onye mbụ na-azaghachi "ngọzi diri gị na kwa m na-ekwu eziokwu", maọbụ "n'efu gị na ebe a bụ eziokwu" ("γεια σου__wol____wol____wol__", ''Ya sou ki alithia leo'', maọbụ"γεια σου και να__ , ya sou ke na ki i alithia). A na-agbaso omume yiri nke ahụ na obodo India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhchic.com/sikhing_answers/why_do_we_say_waheguru_every_time_we_sneeze_sikhing_answers_v|title=Why Do We Say "Waheguru!" Every Time We Sneeze?|work=Sikhing Answers – V|accessdate=2026-05-09|archivedate=2025-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418140443/https://www.sikhchic.com/sikhing_answers/why_do_we_say_waheguru_every_time_we_sneeze_sikhing_answers_v}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiastudychannel.com/forum/134162-Why-do-we-say-this-when-a-person-sneezes-or-hiccups.aspx|title=Why do we say this when a person sneezes or hiccups?|work=India Study Channel|date=24 January 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na onye mere nkwupụta na-edochaghị anya na asụsụ Flemish, maọbụ ụfọdụ onye na-ege ntị na-ezu uzere, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ege ya ntị ga-ekwu "'t is beniesd", n'ụzọ nkịtị pụtara na "Ọ na-eme mkpọtụ", dịka a ga-asị na ọ bụ ihe akaebe nke eziokwu - na-echeta omume nkwenkwe ụgha ochie a, na-enweghị obi abụọ maọbụ na-ezube nkwenye n'ezie, mana na-arịọ mgbaghara ọ bụla site na onye na-ezu uzere ahụ enweghị isi maka nkwụsịtụ ahụ ka a na-anabata site na-ana.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Volledig Dichtwerk|language=fy|year=1999|publisher=Lannoo Uitgeverij|isbn=978-90-209-3510-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sP9ySIDdZ-cC&pg=PA1060}}</ref> Na mba Yuropu, ọkachasị n'oge mmalite nke Oge Etiti, e kwenyere na ndụ mmadụ jikọtara ya na ume mmadụ - nkwenye nke gosipụtara n'okwu ahụ bụ "ịgwụ" (nke pụtara na mbụ "iku ume") na-enweta ihe ọzọ pụtara "ịbịa ná njedebe" ma ọ bụ "ịnwụ". Njikọ a, tinyere nnukwu ume a na-achụpụ n'ahụ mgbe a na-ezi uzere, o yikarịrị ka ndị mmadụ kwenyere na izu uzere nwere ike ibute ọnwụ ngwa ngwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2007)">Ntụaka dị mkpa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Echiche dị otu a nwere ike ịkọwa ihe kpatara okwu Bekee ọdịnaala, "Chineke gọzie gị", na nzaghachi maka ịze uzere, nke mmalite ya edoghị anya kpamkpam. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Sir Raymond Henry Payne Crawfurd, onye na-edeba aha nke Royal College of Physicians, n'akwụkwọ ya nke oge afọ 1909, "Ụbọchị Ikpeazụ nke Charles nke Abụọ ", na-ekwu na, mgbe eze ahụ na-ese okwu nọ n'elu akwa ọnwụ ya, ndị dọkịnta ya nyere ngwakọta nke cowslips na ihe a na-esi na ihe pụtara na ammonia iji kwalite ịsụ ude. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Rhinology and laryngology in literature and Folk-Lore|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|volume=42|issue=2|pages=81–87|year=1927|doi=10.1017/S0022215100029959}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, a maghị ma e mere nkwalite ịze uzere a iji mee ka ọnwụ ya dị ngwa (dịka ''ọchịchị aka ike'' ) maọbụ dịka mgbalị ikpeazụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke ya. In certain parts of East Asia, particularly in Chinese culture, Korean culture, Japanese culture and Vietnamese culture, a sneeze without an obvious cause was generally perceived as a sign that someone was talking about the sneezer at that very moment. This can be seen in the ''Book of Songs'' (a collection of Chinese poems)<ref>{{Cite book|quote=If you speak insomnia, you will sneeze.|language=zh}}</ref> in [[History of China|ancient China]] as early as 1000 BC, and in Japan this belief is still depicted in present-day manga and anime. In [[China]], Vietnam, South Korea, and [[Japan]], for instance, there is a superstition that if talking behind someone's back causes the person being talked about to sneeze; as such, the sneezer can tell if something good is being said (one sneeze), someone is thinking about you (two sneezes in a row), even if someone is in love with you (three sneezes in a row) or if this is a sign that they are about to catch a cold (multiple sneezes). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Parallel beliefs are known to exist around the world, particularly in contemporary Greek, Slavic, Celtic, English, French, and Indian cultures. Similarly, in Nepal, sneezers are believed to be remembered by someone at that particular moment. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'asụsụ Bekee, a na-edekarị ya bụ onomatopoeia maka ịze uzere dika 'achoo' ma ọ dịka nke ọdịbendị dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2020|title=Where Did The Word "Achoo" Come From?|url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/achoo-god-bless-you-sneeze/|accessdate=2021-10-11|work=Dictionary.com}}</ref> Na Omenaala India, ọkachasị n'akụkụ ugwu nke obodo India, omenala ndi Bengali (Bangladesh na Bengal nke ndi India) nakwa na mba Iran, ọ bụ nkwenkwe ụgha a na-ahụkarị na ize uzere na-eme tupu mmalite nke ọrụ ọ bụla bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke nkwụsịtụ ọjọọ na-abịanụ. Ya mere, ọ bụ omenala ịkwụsị iji ṅụọ mmiri maọbụ mebie usoro ọrụ ọ bụla tupu ịmaliteghachi ọrụ iji gbochie ọdachi ọ bụla ime. N'Omenala ndị Poland, ọkachasị na ókèala obodo Kresy Wschodnie, nkwenye a ma ama na-aga n'ihu na ize uzere nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama na-adịghị mma na, dabere na nsụgharị mpaghara, maọbụ onye a na-akọwaghị aha maọbụ nne di na-ekwu okwu ọjọọ banyere onye ahụ na-ize uzere n'oge ahụ. Otú ọ dị, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, nkwenkwe ụgha a na-emetụta hiccups kama ịze uzere. Dịka ọ dị na mba ndị ọzọ Katọlik, dịka mba Mexico, Ịtali, maọbụ Ireland, a na-akwalite ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'omenala ndị ọgọ mmụọ na nkwenkwe ụgha nke ndị ọrụ ugbo ndi mba Poland. Omume ahụ n'etiti ọdịbendị nke ndi n’ekpe Alakụba, n'aka nke ya, dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ọdịnala amụma dị iche iche na ozizi nke [[Muhammad]]. Ihe atụ nke a bụ akụkọ Al-Bukhaari <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari/78/248|work=Sunnah.com|first=Sahih Al|author=Bukhari|title=When somebody sneezes, what should be said?}}</ref> sitere na Abu Hurayrah nke ya bụ Muhammad kwuru n'otu oge:<blockquote>''Mgbe otu n'ime unu na-eze uzere ka ọ kwuo, "Al-hamdu-Lillah"'' (Too Chineke), ka nwanne ya nwoke maọbụ onye ibe ya kwuo ya, "Yarhamuk Allah" (Ka Chineke meere gị ebere). ''Ọ bụrụ na ọ sị, "Yarhamuk-Allah", mgbe ahụ ka [onye na-eze uzere] kwuo, "Yahdeekum Allah wa yuslihu baalakum"'' (Ka Chineke duzie gị ma dozie ọnọdụ gị).''.''</blockquote> === Nzaghachi okwu === Na mba ndị na-asụ Bekee, otu nzaghachi a na-ahụkarị maka ụzere onye ọzọ bụ "[Ka [[God|Chineke]]] gọzie gị". Ọbụna na "Chineke", onye na-enweghị ebumnuche okpukpe nwere ike ikwu nkwupụta ahụ. Nzaghachi ọzọ, nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe, na mba United States na Canada maka ịsụ ngọngọ nke onye ọzọ bụkwa "Gesundheit", nke bụ okwu nke German nke pụtara, n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, 'ahụike', ọ bụkwa nzaghachi okwu ọdịnala ndi mba German maka onye dị nso na-eze uzere. E nwere ọtụtụ echiche maka ihe mere omenaala nke ịsị "gọzie gị" maọbụ "Chineke gozie gi" n'ihe gbasara ịze uzere: * Ụfọdụ na-ekwu na a malitere iji ya mee ihe n'oge ọrịa na-efe efe nke narị afọ nke iri na anọ. A na-eche na ịgọzi onye ahụ mgbe ọ gosipụtara mgbaàmà dị otú ahụ iji gbochie ọnwụ na-abịanụ n'ihi ọrịa na-egbu egbu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sneeze.html|title=Does your heart stop when you sneeze?|work=Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts|publisher=The Library of Congress}}</ref> * N'oge Renaissance, e guzobere nkwenkwe ụgha na-ekwu na obi mmadụ kwụsịrị maka oge dị mkpirikpi n'oge akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ; ikwu na ngọzi gị bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ekpere na obi agaghị ada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 July 2011|title='Bless you': Social convention or theological statement? {{!}} UU World Magazine|url=https://www.uuworld.org/articles/bless-you|accessdate=2023-08-25|work=www.uuworld.org}}</ref> == Mmekọahụ == Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịze uzere n'oge mmalite nke mkpali mmekọahụ. Ndị dọkịnta na-eche na ihe omume nke ahụ nwere ike ibilite site na ikpe nke wires gafere na usoro akwara nke onwe ya, nke na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ọrụ n'ime ahụ, gụnyere, ma ọ bụghị nanị, ịkpali akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nke nwanyị n'oge mkpali mmekọahụ. N'imi, dịka akụkụ ahụ e ji enwe mmekọahụ, nwere anụ ahụ nkeni.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Sneezing induced by sexual ideation or orgasm: an under-reported phenomenon|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|volume=101|issue=12|pages=587–591|year=2008|pmid=19092028|doi=10.1258/jrsm.2008.080262}}</ref> Ihe omume a nwere ike ịkwadebe Akụkụ vomeronasal maka nchọpụta nke ihe ndi oyibo kpọrọ pheromones.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The physiological and pathological relations between the nose and the sexual apparatus of man.|journal=The Journal of Laryngology, Rhinology, and Otology|volume=13|issue=3|pages=109–123|author=Mackenzie|first=John|doi=10.1017/S1755146300166016|year=1898|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2200945}}</ref> A na-eji ize uzere tụnyere Orgasm, ebe ọ bụ na ma orgasms na mmeghachi omume ize uzere na-agụnye ịze uzere, ịgbatị ahụ, nrụgide na ntọhapụ.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Nicholas|author=Gerbis|url=https://www.livescience.com/34337-sneezing-like-orgasm.html|title=Is Sneezing Really Like an Orgasm?|work=[[LiveScience]]|date=28 November 2012}}</ref> N'okwu a, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ Vanessa Thompson nke Mahadum obodo Sydney na-ekwu, "Ize uzere na orgasms na-emepụta kemịkalụ dị mma a na-akpọ endorphins mana ọnụọgụ nke ize uzere na-emepụta dị obere karịa orgasm. "<ref>{{Cite web|first=Peter|author=Terlato|date=1 June 2015|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/we-asked-a-sexologist-if-the-theory-about-sneezing-and-orgasms-was-true-heres-what-she-said-2015-6|title=We asked a sexologist if the theory about sneezing and orgasms was true – here's what she said|work=[[Business Insider]]|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=23 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323030647/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/we-asked-a-sexologist-if-the-theory-about-sneezing-and-orgasms-was-true-heres-what-she-said-2015-6}}</ref> == N'ime anụmanụ ndị ọzọ == [[Faịlụ:Sneezing_zebra.jpg|thumb|[[Zebra]] n’ezi uzere]] Ize uzere abụghị naanị ụmụ mmadụ maọbụ ọbụna ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara. Ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ gụnyere nwamba, nkịta, ọkụkọ na iguana na-eji ize uzere akpa nkata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pets.webmd.com/cats/why-cats-sneeze|title=Why Cats Sneeze|work=WebMD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vetstreet.com/care/my-pet-is-sneezing-and-snorting-whats-going-on|title=My Pet Is Sneezing and Snorting. What's Going On?|date=19 September 2011|work=Vet Street}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keepingchickens.com/why-is-my-chicken-sneezing/|title=Why is my Chicken Sneezing?|accessdate=2015-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517002223/http://www.keepingchickens.com/why-is-my-chicken-sneezing/|archivedate=2015-05-17|work=Keeping Chickens}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Melissa|author=Kaplan|date=1 January 2014|url=http://www.anapsid.org/sneeze.html|title=Sneezing and Yawning|work=Herp Care Collection}}</ref> Nkịta ọhịa ndị mba Afrịka na-eji ịze uzere dịka ụdị nkwurịta okwu, ọkachasị mgbe ị na-atụle nkwekọrịta n'ime ìgwè ma ị ga-achụ nta maọbụ na ị gaghị.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Lycaon pictus) use variable quorum thresholds facilitated by sneezes in collective decisions|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|volume=284|issue=1862|year=2017|pmid=28878054|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.0347}}</ref> Ụdị nkịta ụfọdụ na-enwekarị uzere. == Hụkwazie == * Ịkụ ụkwara * Ọrịa Rhinitis * Mkpọrọ * Sniffle == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_304.html|first=Cecil|last=Adams|year=1987|title=If you hold your eyelids open while sneezing, will your eyes pop out?|work=The Straight Dope}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/language/phrases/blessyou.htm|first=Barbara|last=Mikkelson|year=2001|title=Bless You!|work=Urban Legends Reference Pages}} * {{cite web|url=http://madsci.org/posts/archives/aug97/865380242.Me.r.html|first=Tom|last=Wilson|year=1997|title=Why do we sneeze when we look at the sun?|work=MadSci Network|accessdate=2026-05-09|archivedate=2010-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000540/http://madsci.org/posts/archives/aug97/865380242.Me.r.html}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthursclassicnovels.com/sheckley/protect10.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516145519/http://arthursclassicnovels.com/sheckley/protect10.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 16, 2010|first=Robert|last=Sheckley|year=1956|title="Protection," a short story about sneezing|accessdate=May 9, 2026|archivedate=March 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023552/http://arthursclassicnovels.com/sheckley/protect10.html}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/osc/osc60.htm|title=The Origins of Popular Superstitions and Customs|first=T. Sharper|last=Knowlson|year=1910}} a book that listed many superstitions and customs that are still common today. * {{cite web|url=http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/Sat/Topics/ColdsAndFlu.aspx?Host=Nhsd&SyndicationPartnerGuid=d19370ea-a100-407d-9695-b73407f701c7&TopicGuid=8c903315-a302-412a-bfae-9cb576d4b4cd|title=Cold and flu advice|work=NHS Direct|access-date=2009-05-06|archive-date=2010-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105095125/http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/Sat/Topics/ColdsAndFlu.aspx?Host=Nhsd&SyndicationPartnerGuid=d19370ea-a100-407d-9695-b73407f701c7&TopicGuid=8c903315-a302-412a-bfae-9cb576d4b4cd}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5435812|title=Ancient Sneezing: A Gift from the Gods|first=Elaine|last=Fantham|author-link=Elaine Fantham|work=[[Princeton University|Princeton]]|publisher=[[NPR]] Radio}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2004/06/15/why_do_my_eyes_close_every_time_i_sneeze/|title=Why do my eyes close every time I sneeze?|vauthors=Sherborn MG|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=15 June 2004|access-date=9 May 2026|archive-date=10 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810091139/http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2004/06/15/why_do_my_eyes_close_every_time_i_sneeze/|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tbe2okfygm31c3wxmym0b4r40m2k2op 0 76640 727698 655378 2026-09-24T18:53:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727698 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Fathi Arafat''' (Arabic; January 11, 1933 - December 1, 2004) bụ dọkịta Palestine na onye guzobere na onye isi oche ogologo oge Ndị Palestine Red Crescent Society . <ref>{{Cite web|title=ʿArafāt, Fatḥi 1933-2004|url=https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67z29r0|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122061322/https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67z29r0|archivedate=22 November 2020|publisher=[[SNAC]]}}</ref> A mụrụ ya na Cairo, ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na Mahadum Cairo site na 1950 ruo 1957, wee mechaa rụọ ọrụ dịka dọkịta ụmụaka na Egypt, Kuwait na Jordan..<ref>{{Cite news|date=2004-12-01|title=Fathi Arafat, el hermano menor de Arafat|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/12/01/obituarios/1101934454.html|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye isi ala Palestine bụ [[Yasser Arafat]]. Arafat ghọrọ onye otu Kansụl Mba Palestine na 1967. Site na 1968 ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Palestine General Union of Physicians and Pharmacists . <ref>{{Cite news|date=4 December 2004|title=Fathi, le frère de Arafat, inhumé au Caire|url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/488025/Fathi%2C_le_frere_de_Arafat%2C_inhume_au_Caire.html|work=[[L'Orient–Le Jour]]|language=fr}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka Onyeisi Nnọchiteanya Palestine na Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa site na 1982 gaa n'ihu. Site na 1992, ọ bụ Onyeisi nke Palestine Academy for Science and Technology (nke bụbu Palestine Academy for Scientific Research) na Onyeisi nke Palestine Higher Health Council. <ref name="LeMonde" /> Arafat died in Cairo on December 1, 2004, from stomach cancer,<ref name="LeMonde">{{Cite news|date=3 December 2004|title=Décès du frère cadet de Yasser Arafat|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2004/12/03/p-deces-du-frere-cadet-de-yasser-arafat-p_4303401_1819218.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|language=fr}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2004/12/03/p-deces-du-frere-cadet-de-yasser-arafat-p_4303401_1819218.html "Décès du frère cadet de Yasser Arafat"]. ''[[Le Monde]]'' (in French). AFP, Reuters. 3 December 2004.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> less than a month after the death of his brother [[Yasser Arafat|Yasser]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Darwish|first=Adel|date=6 December 2004|title=Dr Fathi Arafat|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/dr-fathi-arafat-677534.html|work=[[The Independent]]|archive-date=29 June 2011|access-date=12 June 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629231701/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/dr-fathi-arafat-677534.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cadunuk4gn4wvfvli6yj6veyc10zpq8 0 76719 727756 721505 2026-09-24T23:55:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727756 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faịlụ:Hans von Storch.jpg|thumb|Hans von Storch]] Hans von Storch (amụrụ 13 Ọgọst n'afo 1949) bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ihu igwe nke German. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Meteorological Institute nke Mahadum Hamburg, na (ebe ọ bụ na 2001) Director nke Institute for Coastal Research na Helmholtz Research Center (na mbụ: GKSS Research Center) na Geesthacht, Germany. Ọ bụ onye so na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Journal of Climate. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Max Planck Institute for Meteorology site na 1986 ruo 1995 wee duru otu nyocha Statistical Analysis na Modeling ebe ahụ. == Echiche gbasara okpomọkụ ụwa == Storch kwuru n'agba akaebe nye Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya US na 2006 na mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mmadụ na-enwe: : "Dabere na ihe akaebe sayensị, ekwenyere m na anyị na-eche mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mmadụ na-enwe site na mwepụta nke gas griinhaus n'ime ikuku ihu."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Storch|first=Hans von|title=Statement to the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce, July 19, 2006 Hearing "Questions Surrounding the 'Hockey Stick' Temperature Studies: Implications for Climate Change Assessments"|url=http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/prometheus/archives/060619_ushouse_energycommercehvs.pdf|accessdate=6 August 2010|archivedate=13 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613190319/http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/prometheus/archives/060619_ushouse_energycommercehvs.pdf}}</ref> A makwaara ya maka edemede dị na ''Der Spiegel'' nke ya na Nico Stehr dere, nke kwuru na: : "Nnyocha sayensị na-eche nsogbu ihu n'ihi na ndị mmadụ na-ere okwu ndị a gabigara ókè iji dọta uche n'ahịa a na-ese okwu maka ozi kwesịrị ekwesị." : "Ndị na-eme ihe ike chere na mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ ihe dị oke egwu, dị oke njọ, nakwa na ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-emezu ihe dị mma, ọ dịghị njọ otú ahụ."<ref name="bbc060420">{{Cite news|author=Simon Cox, Richard Vadon|title=A load of hot air?|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4923504.stm|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=20 April 2006|quote=Even government agencies have been criticised for overselling climate change.}}</ref> Na Disemba 2009, o gosipụtara nchegbu gbasara ntụkwasị obi nke sayensị ma katọọ ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị a na-ahụ anya n'ihu ọha maka ime ka nkwukọrịta ha dị mfe ma mee ka ọ dị ka ihe nkiri. O kwuru okwu banyere ngagharị iwe nke German Waldsterben (Forest dieback) nke afọ 1980: : Nnyocha gbasara ihe ndị dị n'ime ọhịa ndị dị na Germany nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke usoro ahụ. Sayensị nke mmebi ọhịa dị na 1980s bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma jiri ya dịka nkwado maka amụma "ezi" nke nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke e chepụtara echepụta. Mbelata nke ire ere na ihe nkiri sitere na ya mebiri na 1990s, akụkọ gbasara ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na oke ọhịa ndị Germany abụrụla ihe siri ike ugbu a na Germany. Onye na-ekiri ihe nkiri dere na 2004: "Mmebi ahụ nye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dị oke ukwuu. Ọ dịghị onye na-ekwere ha ọzọ." N'ezie, mmebi ahụ abụghị naanị maka ndị nchọpụta ọhịa, kamakwa nye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ. Na 20 Juun 2013, Storch kwuru sị "Ruo ugbu a, ọ dịghị onye nwere ike inye azịza doro anya maka ihe mere mgbanwe ihu igwe ji yie ka ọ na-akwụsị. Anyị na-eche ihe mgbagwoju anya ihu. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ikuku CO2 amụbaala nke ukwuu karịa ka anyị tụrụ anya ya. N'ihi ya, dịka ọtụtụ ụdị ihu igwe si kwuo, anyị kwesịrị ịhụ ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu site na ihe dị ka 0.25 Celsius (0.45 Celsius) n'ime afọ 10 gara aga. Nke ahụ emebeghị. N'ezie, mmụba ahụ n'ime afọ 15 gara aga bụ naanị 0.06 Celsius (0.11 degrees Fahrenheit) -- uru dị nnọọ nso na efu. Nke a bụ nsogbu sayensị siri ike nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ga-eche ihu mgbe ọ na-egosi Akụkọ Nyocha ya na-esote n'ọgwụgwụ afọ na-abịa." == Esemokwu Climategate == Hans von Storch, onye kwenyekwara na echiche a ma ama gbasara okpomọkụ ụwa,<ref name="Storch"> {{Cite web|url=http://coast.gkss.de/G/Mitarbeiter/storch/|title=Hans von Storch|publisher=coast.gkss.de|accessdate=28 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719032400/http://coast.gkss.de/G/Mitarbeiter/storch/|archivedate=19 July 2011}}</ref>kwuru na Mahadum East Anglia (UEA) "emebila ụkpụrụ sayensị dị mkpa" site n'ịjụ ịkọrọ ndị nchọpụta ndị ọzọ data. "Ha na-egwu sayensị dị ka egwuregwu ike," ka o kwuru.<ref name="wsjms"> {{Cite news|author=Johnson|first=Keith|title=Lawmakers Probe Climate Emails|date=24 November 2009|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125902685372961609|accessdate=26 July 2010}}</ref> == Arụmụka ''Nnyocha ihu igwe'' == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Na 2003, site na 1 Ọgọst, a họpụtara Hans von Storch dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Climate Research, mgbe ọ nọsịrị na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ ya kemgbe 1994. Ọnwa ole na ole tupu edemede na-ese okwu (Soon and Baliunas 2003<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.3354/cr023089|author=Soon|first=Willie|date=January 31, 2003|title=Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years|journal=Climate Research|volume=23|pages=89–110|url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2003/23/c023p089.pdf}}</ref>) ewelite ajụjụ gbasara usoro nyocha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, na-enweghị onye nchịkọta akụkọ, na gbasara amụma nchịkọta akụkọ nke otu onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Chris de Freitas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sgr.org.uk/climate/StormyTimes_NL28.htm|title=Stormy Times for Climate Research|publisher=Scientists for Global Responsibility|date=28 November 2003|accessdate=1 September 2005|archivedate=22 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722021410/http://www.sgr.org.uk/climate/StormyTimes_NL28.htm}}</ref> Storch dere ma kesaa edemede gbasara usoro ọhụrụ ahụ, na-edobe ikike dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ isi ịjụ isiokwu ndị otu n'ime ndị nchịkọta akụkọ tụrụ aro ka a nabata. Mgbe onye mbipụta jụrụ ibipụta akụkọ ahụ ma ọ gwụla ma ndị nchịkọta akụkọ niile na-eje ozi na bọọdụ ahụ kwadoro amụma ọhụrụ ahụ, Storch gbara arụkwaghịm ụbọchị anọ tupu ọ ga-ewere ọnọdụ ọhụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hans von Storch|title=The CR Problem|date=23 November 2009|url=http://coast.gkss.de/G/Mitarbeiter/storch/CR-problem/cr.2003.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821080304/http://coast.gkss.de/G/Mitarbeiter/storch/CR-problem/cr.2003.htm|archivedate=21 August 2010}}</ref> Ndị nchịkọta akụkọ anọ ọzọ mechara hapụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Storch mechara gwa Chronicle of Higher Education na "ndị na-enyo enyo sayensị ihu igwe" "achọpụtala Nnyocha Ihu Igwe dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe ụfọdụ ndị nchịkọta akụkọ anaghị agbaso usoro nyocha dịka ọ na-adịkarị."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2005/05/some_like_it_hot.html|title=Some Like It Hot|work=Mother Jones|date=May 2005}}</ref> == Mbipụta na ihe nrite == N'ọgwụgwụ 2004, ndị otu Storch bipụtara otu akụkọ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Science nke nwalere ụzọ multiproxy dị ka nke Mann, Bradley, na Hughes, 1998 ji mee ihe, nke a na-akpọkarị MBH98,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mann M.E.|title=Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries|journal=Nature|volume=392|issue=6678|pages=779–787|year=1998|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/mann1998/frames.htm|doi=10.1038/33859|archive-date=2004-12-10|access-date=2026-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210081546/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/mann1998/frames.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ma ọ bụ Mann na Jones,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jones P. D.|title=Climate Over Past Millennia|journal=Reviews of Geophysics|volume=42|issue=2|pages=RG2002|date=6 May 2004|doi=10.1029/2003RG000143|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/jones2004/jones2004.html}}</ref> iji nweta mgbanwe okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ime afọ 1000 gara aga. Nnwale ahụ tụrụ aro na usoro ejiri na MBH98 ga-eleda nnukwu mgbanwe anya ma ọ bụrụ na ha mere; mana nke a mechara bụrụ ihe ịma aka: lee eserese osisi hockey maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ. Iji ruo nkwubi okwu a, Storch na ndị otu ya jiri ihe nlereanya ihu igwe mepụta usoro maapụ okpomọkụ kwa afọ maka ụwa n'ime ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga. Ha wee tinye ụda ọcha na data proxy ma tinye usoro ejiri na MBH98, mgbanwe nke nyocha akụkụ bụ isi, na maapụ okpomọkụ agbakọrọ ma chọpụta na ọnụọgụ mgbanwe ahụ ebelatala nke ukwuu. Na Eprel 2006, ''Sayensị'' bipụtara okwu Wahl na ndị ọrụ ibe ya dere, na-ekwu na njehie dị na akwụkwọ 2004, na-ekwu na "nkwubi okwu ha dabere na mmejuputa usoro nhazigharị na-ezighi ezi" mmejọ na Repercussions;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/04/a-correction-with-repercussions/|title=A Mistake with Repercussions|work=RealClimate|date=27 April 2006}}</ref> na VS Reply na-arụ ụka. Na nzaghachi a, VS na ndị otu ya gosipụtara na ịdọ aka ná ntị e welitere na okwu Wahl emeghị ka nkwubi okwu mbụ ha ghara ịdị irè. E mesịrị kwado enweghị ike nke usoro MBH98 maka nhazigharị ihu igwe n'onwe ya na mbipụta ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ site n'aka Lee, Zwiers na Tsao, 2008<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00382-007-0351-9|author=Lee|first=Terry C. K.|title=Evaluation of proxy-based millennial reconstruction methods|journal=Climate Dynamics|date=August 2008|volume=31|issue=2–3|pages=263–281|url=http://ugrad.stat.ubc.ca/~stat547/Leeetal.pdf|archive-date=2010-01-19|access-date=2026-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119213326/http://ugrad.stat.ubc.ca/~stat547/Leeetal.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ma ọ bụ site n'aka Christiansen et al., 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1175/2008JCLI2301.1|author=Christiansen|first=B.|title=A surrogate ensemble study of climate reconstruction methods: stochasticity and robustness|journal=Journal of Climate|year=2009|volume=22|issue=4|pages=951–976}}</ref> Na 2010, Storch natara ihe nrite IMSC maka ihe nrite na [[International Meetings on Statistical Climatology|Nzukọ Mba Nile na Statistical Climatology]] na Edinburgh, iji "ghọta ihe ndị dị mkpa o tinyere n'ibelata ọnụọgụgụ, nhazigharị usoro okpomọkụ, nyocha nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, na nchọpụta na nkọwapụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/imsc/awards_storch.shtml|title=Hans von Storch was awarded the IMSC achievement award at the 11IMSC in Edinburgh, 2010 to recognize his key contributions to statistical downscaling, reconstruction of temperature series, analyses of climatic variability, and detection and attribution of climate change|work=International Meetings on Statistical Climatology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008112656/http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/imsc/awards_storch.shtml|archivedate=8 October 2011|accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref> == Donald Duck == Na 1977, Hans von Storch so guzobe otu Donald Duck Club nke nwere mmadụ 100, na-agbachitere Donald Duck megide ebubo omume rụrụ arụ. N'agbata 1976 na 1985, ọ bụ onye na-ebipụta magazin gbasara Donald Duck, ''Der Hamburger Donaldist''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.donald.org/DD/hd/|title=Der Hamburger Donaldist|accessdate=8 August 2010|archivedate=31 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731091028/http://www.donald.org/DD/hd/}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} ==Oru ndị a hopụtara== *{{Cite journal |doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1161:DOGCCE>2.0.CO;2 |last1=von Storch |first1=Hans |author-mask=1 |last2=Zorita |first2=E. |last3=Cubasch |first3=U. |title=Downscaling of global climate change estimates to regional scales: An application to Iberian rainfall in wintertime |journal=[[Journal of Climate]] |year=1993 |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=1161–71 |url=http://www.enseignement.polytechnique.fr/profs/mecanique/Thomas.Dubos/MEC580/2008/Leleu_VonStorch93.pdf |bibcode=1993JCli....6.1161V |hdl=21.11116/0000-0000-D54B-C |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721015943/http://www.enseignement.polytechnique.fr/profs/mecanique/Thomas.Dubos/MEC580/2008/Leleu_VonStorch93.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-21 |hdl-access=free }} *{{Cite book|title=Statistical analysis in climate research |url=https://archive.org/details/statisticalanaly0000stor |year=1999 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |last1=von Storch |first1=Hans |author-mask=1 |last2=Zwiers |first2=F.W. |isbn=978-0-521-45071-3 }} *{{Cite journal|last1=von Storch |first1=Hans |author-mask=1 |last2=Zorita |first2=E. |last3=Jones |first3=J.M. |last4=Dimitriev |first4=Y. |last5=Gonzalez-Rouco |first5=F. |last6=Tett |first6=S.F.B. |title=Reconstructing past climate from noisy data |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=October 2004 |volume=306 |issue=5696 |pages=679–82 |url=http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/vonStorchEtAl2004.pdf |pmid=15459344 |doi=10.1126/science.1096109 |bibcode=2004Sci...306..679V|s2cid=16329419 }} *{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s10584-005-5924-1 |last1=Brázdil |first1=R. |last2=Pfister |first2=C. |last3=Wanner |first3=H. |last4=Storch |first4=H.V. |author-mask4=1 |last5=Luterbacher |first5=J. |title=Historical climatology in Europe — the state of the art |journal=[[Climatic Change]] |year=2005 |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=363–430 |bibcode=2005ClCh...70..363B |url=http://www.giub.unibe.ch/klimet/docs/climdyn_2004_brazdiletal.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004445/http://www.giub.unibe.ch/klimet/docs/climdyn_2004_brazdiletal.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-07 |citeseerx=10.1.1.367.6748 |s2cid=14713082 }} ==Njiko mpụga== * [http://www.hvonstorch.de/klima/ Hans von Storch's climate web page] (with Biography, links to publications, etc.) * [https://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/ His blog Klimazwiebel (the climate onion)] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Storch, Hans Von}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] tjykj4d3kptfw0bmqb1sra3y1pvjoo3 0 76777 727750 721466 2026-09-24T23:13:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727750 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Gretchen Daily 1c389 8475.jpg|thumb|Gretchen Daily na 2011]]    Gretchen C. Daily (amụrụ n'October 19, 1964) <ref name="dob">{{Cite web|title=Prof. Gretchen C. Daily|url=https://www.blueplanetprize.org/en/projects/2017prof_daily/prof_daily_intro.html|work=Blue Planet Prize Story|publisher=The Asashi Glass Foundation|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref> bụ onye sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi nke America na onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. O nyere aka ịghọta ịdabere na mmetụta ụmụ mmadụ na okike, yana ịkwalite usoro nhazi maka ịtụle okike na iwu, ego, njikwa, na omume gburugburu ụwa. Daily bụ onye nchoputa na onye nduzi ngalaba nke Natural Capital Project, mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke na-achọ ịhazi ụkpụrụ nke okike n'ime mkpebi nke ndị mmadụ, gọọmentị, ndị na-etinye ego, ụlọ ọrụ, NGO, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ya na ihe karịrị ndị mmekọ 300 n'ụwa niile, ọrụ ahụ bụ ndị na-ebute ụzọ na sayensị, teknụzụ, na ngosipụta nke na-agụnye, mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Dabere na Mahadum Stanford, Daily bụ Bing Prọfesọ nke [[Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] na Ngalaba Biology na Mahadim Stanford, onye nduzi nke Center for Conservation Biology na Stanford, na onye isi na Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. Daily bụ onye a họpụtara ahọpụta nke U.S. National Academy of Sciences, <ref name="nas">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20004880.html|publisher=National Academy|accessdate=6 October 2013|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204423/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20004880.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> American Academy of Arts and Sciences <ref name="alphalist">{{Cite web|title=alphalist.pdf|url=https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/alphalist.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Science|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> na American Philosophical Society.<ref name="aps">{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|publisher=American Philosophical Society|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=gretchen+daily&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224522/http://www.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=gretchen+daily&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|archivedate=4 October 2013}}</ref> Daily bụbu onye otu ụlọ ọrụ Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics na Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences na nke The Nature Conservancy . <ref name="cv"/> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ na Washington, D.C., Daily zụlitere na California na West Germany, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1982. Ọ laghachiri California wee nweta B.S. (1986), M.S (1987), na Ph.D. (1992) na biology sayensị si na Mahadum Stanford . <ref name="biog"/> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1992, e nyere Daily Winslow/Heinz Postdoctoral Fellow na UC Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group. <ref name="cv"/> N'afọ 1995, Daily ghọrọ onye sayensị nyocha Bing Interdisciplinary na Ngalaba Sayensị Biological na Mahadum Stanford . <ref name="cv" /> N'oge ya dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị nyocha, Daily jere ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems, akwụkwọ ntọala nke na-ewepụta usoro eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe taa maka ịghọta uru nke okike nye ndị mmadụ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ na ụzọ isi tụlee uru ha bara. Heinz Foundation kwuru na Ọrụ Nature's Service “ejeela ozi dị ka ihe atụ maka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ụwa ma bụrụ ihe na-akpalite UN.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment". Mgbe afọ 7 dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị nyocha, a họpụtara Daily ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na ngalaba nke sayensị sayensị yana dịka onye isi ibe na Institute of International Studies (ma na Mahadum Stanford) na 2002. <ref name="cv"/> N'afọ 2002, Daily bipụtara akwụkwọ The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable na onye nta akụkọ Pulitzer-Prize Katherine Ellison.<ref name="cv" /> Kemgbe ahụ, o bipụtara akwụkwọ iri na abụọ ọzọ, gụnyere The Power of Trees (2012) na One Tree (2018) na Charles J. Katz, Green Growth that Works: Natural Capital Policy and Finance Mechanisms from Around the World (2019) na Lisa Mandle, Zhiyun Ouyang, na James Salzman, na Rural Livelihood and Environmental Sustainability in China (2020) na Jie Li, Shuzhuo Li, na Marcus Feldman. N'afọ 2005, a họpụtara Daily dị ka Prọfesọ Bing nke Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ngalaba Biology na Mahadum Stanford, onye isi na Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment ma mee ya onye nduzi nke Center for Conservation Biology na Маhadum Stanford.<ref name="cv"/> Ka ọ na-erule 2020, Daily na-eje ozi n'ọkwa atọ ndị a.<ref name="cv" /><ref name="biog"/> N'afọ 2005, Daily (onye ndu ọrụ sitere na Stanford), ya na ndị mmekọ na The Nature Conservancy, na [[Ebe Akụrụngwa Ụwa Nile Maka Okike|World Wildlife Fund]], guzobere Natural Capital Project. Ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ bụ "imeziwanye ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ na mbara ala anyị site n'ịkpali itinye ego na okike". <ref name="cv">{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612144302/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/viewCV?facultyId=6214&name=Gretchen_Daily|archivedate=12 June 2013}}</ref> N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, mmekọrịta ahụ gbasaa ịgụnye Mahadum Minnesota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, na Stockholm Resilience Center, yana ihe karịrị narị atọ na-arụkọ ọrụ.<ref name="ncp1">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Natural Capital Project - About|url=http://www.naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104012558/https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/|archivedate=4 November 2020|accessdate=3 November 2020|work=|publisher=Natural Capital Project}}</ref> Ngwá ọrụ ya, InVEST, bụ ihe na-emeghe, ya na ndị ọrụ mepụtara, ma jiri ya ugbu a na mba 185 kpughee ụkpụrụ nke okike na mkpebi ụfọdụ, yana ihe ize ndụ na ọnụahịa nke mfu ya. Dị ka onye nchoputa na onye nduzi ngalaba Stanford nke Natural Capital Project, Daily "na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nnọchi anya [nke nzukọ ahụ] nye ndị isi ego na gọọmentị. " N'afọ 2006, Daily ghọrọ onye otu ndị nduzi nke The Nature Conservancy.<ref name="sfd">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily|url=https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-daily|work=Natural Capital Project|date=17 January 2019|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="ncp2">{{Cite web|title=Natural Capital Project - People|url=http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/people.html#directors|accessdate=6 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006024346/http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/people.html#directors|archivedate=6 October 2013}}</ref> Daily jere ozi dị ka prọfesọ nleta Humanitas mbụ na Sustainability Studies na Mahadum Cambridge na 2013. == Nnyocha == Profaịlụ agụmakwụkwọ kwa ụbọchị na Center for Conservation Biology na-ekwu na "Nnyocha sayensị kwa ụbọchị bụ na biogeography ime obodo na ọdịnihu nke mgbanwe dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ". <ref name="woodsprofile">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily|url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/CCB/cgi-bin/ccb/content/gretchen-daily|publisher=Woods Institute|accessdate=2013-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029233723/http://www.stanford.edu/group/CCB/cgi-bin/ccb/content/gretchen-daily/|archivedate=2013-10-29}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ, Daily kwuru na "'Countryside biogeography' bụ usoro echiche ọhụrụ maka ịkọwapụta akara aka nke ndị mmadụ, ụdị, na gburugburu ebe obibi na 'mpaghara' - ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto eto nke elu ala a na-ewubeghị nke ụwa bụ nke ụmụ mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na gburugburu ebe obibi."<ref name="interviewconservationbytes">{{Cite web|author=Bradshaw|first=CJA|title=Conservation Scholars: Gretchen Daily|url=http://conservationbytes.com/2008/09/27/conservation-scholars-gretchen-daily/|publisher=Conservation Bytes|accessdate=2013-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029214720/http://conservationbytes.com/2008/09/27/conservation-scholars-gretchen-daily/|archivedate=2013-10-29}}</ref> Iji lanarị ndụ nke ihe ndị mmadụ n'ọdịnihu.<ref name="ef">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=Ecological Forecasts|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/35077178|journal=Nature|year=2001|volume=411|issue=6835|doi=10.1038/35077178|pmid=11357107|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="cbio">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=Countryside biogeography: Utilization of human-dominated habitats by the avifauna of southern Costa Rica.|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/1051-0761%282001%29011%5B0001%3ACBUOHD%5D2.0.CO%3B2|accessdate=25 March 2022|pages=1–13|date=2003|volume=11|doi=10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0001:CBUOHD]2.0.CO;2|issn=1051-0761}}</ref><ref name="cbtb">{{Cite journal|author=Horner-Devine|first=MC|title=Countryside biogeography of tropical butterflies|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01310.x|journal=Conservation Biology|accessdate=25 March 2022|date=2003|volume=17|pages=168–177|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01310.x}}</ref><ref name="coal">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=Countryside biogeography of Neotropical mammals: Conservation opportunities in agricultural landscapes of Costa Rica.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_2003-12_17_6/page/1814|journal=Conservation Biology|pages=1814–1826|date=2003|volume=17|issue=6|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00298.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mayfield|first=M|title=Countryside biogeography of Neotropical herbaceous and shrubby plants.|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/03-5369|journal=Ecological Applications|accessdate=25 March 2022|pages=423–439|date=2005|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.1890/03-5369}}</ref> N'iji nchoputa sitere na nyocha emere na biogeography nke ime obodo, Daily, na ndị nyocha dị ka ya, na-anwa ịchọpụta ihe "ụdị kachasị mkpa na nchebe kachasị mma" na "gịnị bụ ntọala sayensị maka ikpebi" ịdị mkpa nke ụdị dị n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="cv"/> Mgbe a jụrụ "Olee ụdị/usoro kachasị mma nchebe?" Daily zara ya na ọ "na-agbasi mbọ ike ijikọ mgbanwe a tụrụ anya na ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe 'ọrụ' nye mmadụ." Ọ gara n'ihu kpọpụta "mmepụta ngwongwo," "usoro nkwado ndụ," "ọnọdụ na-emezu ndụ" na "nhọrọ (dị iche iche mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu)" dị ka ọrụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi / ụdị na-enye ndị mmadụ. Iji mara ụkpụrụ nke okike na ihe ize ndụ na ụgwọ nke ọnwụ ya, ọ na-eme ka sayensị interdisciplinary nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, uru nke okike na ndị mmadụ.<ref name="tvn">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=GC|title=The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.289.5478.395|journal=Science|year=2000|volume=289|issue=5478|pages=395–396|doi=10.1126/science.289.5478.395|pmid=10939949|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="nsip">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems|date=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC|url=https://islandpress.org/books/natures-services|accessdate=25 March 2022|ref=35}}</ref> Dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Natural Capital Project, Daily na-eji nyocha ya eme ihe site n'ịrụ ọrụ "ya na ndị nwe ala nkeonwe, ndị na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, ndị ọka iwu, ndị ọchụnta ego, na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị iji tinye nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime omume azụmahịa na iwu ọha." <ref name="biog">{{Cite web|title=Gretchen Daily - Stanford Woods Institute|url=http://woods.stanford.edu/about/woods-faculty/gretchen-daily|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=26 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226080352/https://woods.stanford.edu/people/gretchen-c-daily}}</ref> == Onye dere ya == === ''Igurube na Ogwu'' === N'akwụkwọ a, ya na Anne Howland Ehrlich na Paul R. Ehrlich, nke Yale University Press bipụtara na 1995, Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-eleba anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na inye nri ma na-enye atụmatụ maka ịhazi ọnụọgụ mmadụ na mkpa nri. Atụmatụ ha gụnyere imeziwanye ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị site n'inye ha agụmakwụkwọ nha anya, ibelata ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ajọ mbunobi okpukpe, imezi usoro ọrụ ugbo, na ibelata ọdịiche na-eto eto n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Stork and the Plow|url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300071245/the-stork-and-the-plow|accessdate=2022-11-29|work=Yale University Press|language=en-US}}</ref><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> === ''Ọrụ Okike'' === Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems ka Island Press bipụtara na 1997. ''Ọrụ Okike'' na-amalite site na mmeghe sitere na Daily nke akpọrọ "Gịnị bụ [[Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi]]" na ihe mmeghe ọzọ nke Harold Mooney na Paul Ehrlich nke na-achọ ịkọwapụta "akụkọ ihe mere eme" nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe mmeghe ahụ gasịrị, a na-ekewa akwụkwọ ahụ gaa na ngalaba anọ dị iche iche na-ekwu maka ihe dị iche iche nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Akụkụ nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu maka nsogbu akụ na ụba na-etinye aka na ịnye uru maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na mbụ. Akụkụ abụọ na-esote na-akọwapụta ụdị ọrụ dị iche iche enwere ike ịnye site na okike, "Ọrụ karịrị" na "Ọrụ Ndị Major Biomes na-enye." Ngalaba ọrụ oke gụnyere akwụkwọ dịka "Bidiversity and Ecosystem Functioning" nke David Tilman dere, <ref name="tilmanarticle">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/93 93–112]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/93|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> Ọrụ Ecosystem Wepụtara site na ala" nke Daily, Pamela Matson na Peter Vitousek <ref name="soilpaper">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=113–132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYJSziDfTjEC&q=Ecosystem+Services+Supplied+by+Soil&pg=PA113|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> na "Servizes Provided by Major System" nke Gary Nabhan na Stephen Buchmann's World's gụnyere "The Major Biomes and For Men Men" nke Main Worlds" nke Charles Charles<ref name="nabhanarticle">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/133 133–150]|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/133}}</ref><ref name="petersonandlubchenco">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/177 177–194]|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/177}}</ref><ref name="normanmyers">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=215–236|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYJSziDfTjEC&q=The+World%27s+Forests+and+their+Ecosystem+Services&pg=PA215|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> Akụkụ ikpeazụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe nke gosipụtara ọrụ dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche na-enye ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa. Ọmụmatụ gụnyere: "Mmelite ogo mmiri site na ala mmiri" nke Katherine Ewel <ref name="katherineewelpaper">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=329–344|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYJSziDfTjEC&q=water+quality+improvements+by+wetlands&pg=PA329|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> na "Ecosystem Services in a Modern Economy: Gunnison County, Colorado" nke Andrew Wilcox na John Harte. <ref name="gunnisoncountypaper">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/311 311–328]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/311|edition=[Nachdr.]}}</ref> Na njedebe nke akwụkwọ ahụ, Daily kwuru na "ntụle isi nke ewepụtara n'akwụkwọ a na-anwa iji uru gburugburu ebe obibi na ụdị akụkụ ha dị naanị ka ha na-enye uru, n'ụdị ngwaahịa na ọrụ na-akwado ndụ, nye ụmụ mmadụ" mana na "elekwasị anya adịghị n'ụzọ ọ bụla egbochi ime mkpebi na ndabere nke ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ."<ref name="naturesservicesconclusion">{{Cite book|editor=Daily|title=Nature's services : societal dependence on natural ecosystems|year=1997|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC [u.a.]|isbn=978-1559634762|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesservicess0000unse/page/365}}</ref> Na nyocha ya nke akwụkwọ ahụ, James Salzman kwubiri na ''Ọrụ Okike'', n'adịghị ka mgbalị dị ka Iwu Ụdị Dị n'Ọnwụ, "na-ewere ụzọ dị iche iche, nke nwere ike ịdị irè karị, na-akpọ maka nkwenye doro anya nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi kpọmkwem uru dị na ya na-enye. Nkwenye dị otú ahụ nwere ike inye ihe ndabere dị mgbagwoju anya na nke siri ike maka ime ihe karịa ndị a tụrụ aro site n'otu ụdị ma ọ bụ ihe nchebe dị iche iche dị iche iche maka ihe dị mfe na mmetụta nke ọrụ ndị ahụ na ụmụ mmadụ dị ngwa ngwa na nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha."<ref name="valuingecosystemservices">{{Cite web|author=Salzman|first=James|title=Valuing Ecosystem Services|url=http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2238&context=faculty_scholarship|accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref> === ''Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba Ọhụrụ nke Okike'' === The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable bụ nke Daily na Katherine Ellison dere ma Island Press bipụtara ya na 2002. Akwụkwọ a na-egosi ọmụmụ ihe dị iche iche ebe ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ gọọmentị nwere ike irite uru na mbọ nchekwa ha. Otu isiakwụkwọ na-akọwa otú New York si "kpebiri imezu ihe ndị gọọmenti etiti chọrọ iji melite ogo mmiri na ọnụ ala dị ọnụ ala, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-arụrịta ụka, nhọrọ nke ichebe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mmiri site na ịzụrụ ala na oke mmepe, kama ịnakwere ngwọta nkà na ụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ọtụtụ ijeri dollar."<ref name="karrow">{{Cite web|title=The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable - Katherine Ellison|url=http://www.katherineellison.com/_p_style__font__14pt_18pt_garamond__georgia__serif_color__1175a4___the_new_econo_40610.htm|accessdate=6 October 2013|archivedate=29 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229043646/http://www.katherineellison.com/_p_style__font__14pt_18pt_garamond__georgia__serif_color__1175a4___the_new_econo_40610.htm}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na isiakwụkwọ ọzọ na-enye "ntụle atụmatụ iji jikwaa na ibelata ikuku ikuku griin haus site n'ịmepụta usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịzụ ahịa carbon nke na-egosipụta na ahụmahụ US na mmetọ."<ref name="karrow" /> Kenneth Arrow kwuru na Daily na Ellison "depụtara usoro ọhụrụ iji mee ka nchekwa nke ihe onwunwe okike na-akwụ ụgwọ ma gosipụta n'ụzọ dị egwu na nke nyocha ọtụtụ ihe omume bara uru nke na-echekwa biosphere. "<ref name="karrow"/> Na nyocha ya nke akwụkwọ ahụ, Patrick Wilson kwuru na "Ihe kachasị dị ịrịba ama nke The New Economy of Nature bụ ozi ya dị mma, nwere nchekwube na nke a kpachara anya. " Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ahụ "na-ezere ụgha na ahịa bụ ihe ngwọta maka ihe ịma aka anyị na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi na, ọ bụrụ na a hapụrụ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ n'enweghị nsogbu na azụmahịa ahụ ghara ịdị egwu" nakwa na "ọ na ihe ịma aka nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-ejide ahịa, n'ihi nkwenye ego ya bụ naanị ihe ize ndụ na nchedo na nchedo dị mkpirikpi na itinye aka na nchedo ego"<ref name="nrj">{{Cite journal|author=Wilson|first=Patrick|title=The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable. By Gretchen C. Daily & Katherine Ellison. Washington: Island Press, 2002. Pp. 260. $22.50 hardcover|journal=Natural Resources Journal|volume=44|url=http://lawlibrary.unm.edu/nrj/44/1/12_wilson_economy.pdf|accessdate=6 October 2013|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222127/http://lawlibrary.unm.edu/nrj/44/1/12_wilson_economy.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> === ''Uto ahịhịa ndụ nke Na-arụ Ọrụ'' === Green Growth That Works: Natural Capital Policy and Finance Mechanisms from Around the World ka Island Press bipụtara na 2019.<ref name="ggtw">{{Cite web|title=Green Growth That Works|url=https://islandpress.org/books/green-growth-works|work=Island Press|date=25 March 2019|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref> == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == Daily enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na nsọpụrụ dị elu n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere 21st Century Scientist Award (2000), The Sophie Prize (2008), The International Cosmos Prize (2009), The 16th Annual Heinz Award na-elekwasị anya na [[Mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ|mgbanwe ụwa]], Midori Prize (2010), Volvo Environment Prize (2012), Blue Planet Prize (2017), na Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2020).<ref name="cv"/><ref name="2012prize">{{Cite web|title=Valuation of natural capital awarded 2012 Volvo Environment Prize|url=http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/investors/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=129904&News.Language=en-gb|publisher=Volvo Group|accessdate=2013-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Heinz Awards: Gretchen Daily|url=http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/gretchen-daily|work=The Heinz Awards|accessdate=August 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Environmental work earns Gretchen Daily the Blue Planet Prize|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2017/10/19/gretchen-daily-collects-blue-planet-prize/|work=Stanford News|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=December 14, 2017|date=2017-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Green policy leaders awarded 'Nobel Prize for Environment'|url=https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/green-policy-leaders-awarded-nobel-prize-for-environment/|work=ZME Science|accessdate=January 28, 2020|date=2020-01-27}}</ref> Ọ natara 2018 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award na ngalaba nke Ecology na Conservation Biology, ya na Georgina Mace jikọrọ aka maka ịmepụta ngwaọrụ dị mkpa na-eme ka iwu sayensị dị mfe "iji lụso ọnwụ ụdị ọgụ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbva.com/en/two-pioneers-fighting-against-species-extinction-receive-the-frontiers-of-knowledge-award/|title=Two pioneers fighting against species extinction receive the Frontiers of Knowledge Award|date=February 6, 2019|work=BBVA|accessdate=February 6, 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == Daily edeela, soro dee na / ma ọ bụ dezie akwụkwọ ise. Daily ebipụtala ihe dị ka 400 isiokwu ''Sayensị'' na ndị a ma ama. <ref name="cv"/> <ref name="biog"/><ref name="sfd"/> O bipụtara edemede n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama, gụnyere Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Nature and Science . <ref name="cv" /> Ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha / ndị nwere mmetụta: * {{Cite journal|author=Snyder|first=J. A.|title=Global Consequences of Land Use|journal=Science|date=22 July 2005|volume=309|issue=5734|pages=570–574|doi=10.1126/science.1111772|pmid=16040698|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1111772}}<ref name="globalconsequencesoflanduse">{{Cite journal|author=Foley|first=J. A.|title=Global Consequences of Land Use|journal=Science|date=22 July 2005|volume=309|issue=5734|pages=570–574|doi=10.1126/science.1111772|pmid=16040698|url=http://rcin.org.pl/Content/31092}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=G. C.|title=ECOLOGY: The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2000-07-21_289_5478/page/395|journal=Science|date=21 July 2000|volume=289|issue=5478|pages=395–396|doi=10.1126/science.289.5478.395|pmid=10939949}}<ref name="valueofnatureandthenatureofvalue">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=G. C.|title=ECOLOGY: The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2000-07-21_289_5478/page/395|journal=Science|date=21 July 2000|volume=289|issue=5478|pages=395–396|doi=10.1126/science.289.5478.395|pmid=10939949}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Ricketts|first=T. H.|title=Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2004-08-24_101_34/page/12579|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=16 August 2004|volume=101|issue=34|pages=12579–12582|doi=10.1073/pnas.0405147101|pmid=15306689}}<ref name="ecovalueofpollinators">{{Cite journal|author=Ricketts|first=T. H.|title=Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2004-08-24_101_34/page/12579|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=16 August 2004|volume=101|issue=34|pages=12579–12582|doi=10.1073/pnas.0405147101|pmid=15306689}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen C|title=Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|date=1 February 2009|volume=7|issue=1|pages=21–28|doi=10.1890/080025|url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3030&context=faculty_scholarship}}<ref name="ecosystemservices">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen C|title=Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|date=1 February 2009|volume=7|issue=1|pages=21–28|doi=10.1890/080025|url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3030&context=faculty_scholarship}}</ref> * {{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Population, Sustainability, and Earth's Carrying Capacity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_1992-11_42_10/page/761|journal=BioScience|date=November 1992|volume=42|pages=761–771|doi=10.2307/1311995|issue=10}}<ref name="earth'scarryingcapacity">{{Cite journal|author=Daily|first=Gretchen|title=Population, Sustainability, and Earth's Carrying Capacity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_1992-11_42_10/page/761|journal=BioScience|date=November 1992|volume=42|issue=10|pages=761–771|doi=10.2307/1311995}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gcrzhoeqctpx57kc1ql9sr431c4rhvl 0 77463 727811 721682 2026-09-25T03:51:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727811 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang,_China.jpg|thumb|Ugbo ikuku na Xinjiang, China]] [[Faịlụ:Electricity_production_by_source.svg|thumb|Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa site na isi iyi, 2000-2024]]   Ike ikuku bụ iji ike ikuku arụ ọrụ bara uru. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eji ike ifufe eme ihe site n'iji ákwà mgbochi mmiri, igwe ikuku na ọkpọkọ ikuku, mana taa a na-ejikarị ya emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Isiokwu a na-ekwu maka naanị ike ifufe maka imepụta ọkụ eletrik. Taa, a na-eji turbine ikuku emepụta ike ifufe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam, nke a na-ejikọtakarị na ugbo ikuku ma jikọọ na grid eletrik. N'afọ 2025, ikuku nyere ihe dị ka 2,700 TWh nke ọkụ eletrik, nke bụ ihe karịrị 8% nke ọkụ eletriki ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/?metric=absolute|title=Electricity Data Explorer|work=ember-energy.org|accessdate=June 12, 2026}}</ref> Site na ihe dị ka 100 GW gbakwunyere n'oge 2021, karịsịa na China na United States, ikike ike ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ karịrị 800 GW.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Wind energy generation vs. installed capacity|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=Our World in Data|archivedate=19 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062311/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-25|title=Global wind industry breezes into new record|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2022/03/25/global-wind-industry-breezes-into-new-record/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Energy Live News|language=en-US}}</ref> Mba iri atọ mepụtara ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ọkụ eletrik ha site na ike ikuku n'afọ 2024 na mmepụta ikuku fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu atọ kemgbe afọ 2015.<ref name="ember2024">{{Cite web|date=2024-05-07|title=Global Electricity Review 2025|url=https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2025/|accessdate=2025-04-13|work=Ember|language=en-US}}</ref> Iji nyere aka mezuo ebumnuche Nkwekọrịta Paris iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị nyocha na-ekwu na ọ ga-agbasa ngwa ngwa - site na ihe karịrị 1% nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik kwa afọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Expansion of wind and solar power too slow to stop climate change|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211014141949.htm|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}</ref> Ike ikuku bụ isi iyi ike na-adịgide adịgide, nke a na-emegharị emegharị, ọ na-enwekwa obere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọkụ mmanụ ala. Ike ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, yabụ ọ chọrọ nchekwa ike ma ọ bụ isi iyi ike mmepụta ndị ọzọ a na-ebuga iji nweta ọkụ eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ugbo ikuku nke dị n'ala (n'ụsọ oké osimiri) nwere mmetụta anya dị ukwuu na ala karịa ọtụtụ ọdụ ike ndị ọzọ kwa ike emepụtara. <ref name="grantham">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy|title=What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622123816/http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy/|date=2018-01-12|archivedate=22 June 2019|work=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref><ref name="energyfootprint">{{Cite journal|first=Nathan F.|author=Jones|doi=10.1093/biosci/biu224|title=The Energy Footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=65|issue=3|date=2015-01-22|accessdate=2022-11-09|pages=290–301|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/3/290/236920|issn=0006-3568}}</ref> Ugbo ikuku ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere mmetụta dị ala ma nwee ihe ndị dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị oke ọnụ.<ref name=":1" /> Ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugbu a nwere òkè nke ihe dị ka 10% nke nrụnye ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=Global Wind Report 2019|url=https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=Global Wind Energy Council|archivedate=24 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624223720/https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/}}</ref> Ike ikuku bụ otu n'ime ebe ọkụ eletrik kacha ọnụ ala maka otu nkeji ike a na-emepụta. N'ọtụtụ ebe, ugbo ikuku ọhụrụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị ọnụ ala karịa ụlọ ọrụ kol ma ọ bụ gas ọhụrụ..<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Levelized Cost Of Energy, Levelized Cost Of Storage, and Levelized Cost Of Hydrogen|url=http://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-levelized-cost-of-storage-and-levelized-cost-of-hydrogen/|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=Lazard.com|language=en}}</ref> Mpaghara ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda latitudes nwere ikike kachasị elu maka ike ifufe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Wind Atlas|url=http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224101415/http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archivedate=24 February 2020|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=DTU Technical University of Denmark}}</ref> N'ọtụtụ mpaghara, mmepụta ike ikuku dị elu n'abalị, na n'oge oyi mgbe mmepụta ike anyanwụ dị ala. Ya mere, njikọta nke ikuku na ike anyanwụ dabara adaba n'ọtụtụ mba.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nyenah|first=Emmanuel|date=2022-05-01|title=Pieces of a puzzle: solar-wind power synergies on seasonal and diurnal timescales tend to be excellent worldwide|journal=Environmental Research Communications|volume=4|issue=5|doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ac71fb|issn=2515-7620}}</ref> == Ihe onwunwe nke ike ikuku == [[Faịlụ:Mean_Wind_Speed.png|thumb|Map zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọsọ ikuku na mita 100 n'ala na gburugburu ụsọ mmiri.<ref name="global_wind_atlas">{{Cite web|url=https://globalwindatlas.info|title=Global Wind Atlas|publisher=[[Technical University of Denmark]] (DTU)|accessdate=23 November 2021|archivedate=18 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118095006/https://www.globalwindatlas.info/}}</ref>]] [[Faịlụ:Lee_Ranch_Wind_Speed_Frequency.svg|thumb|Nkesa ọsọ ikuku (uhie) na ike (acha anụnụ anụnụ) maka afọ 2002 niile na ebe Lee Ranch dị na Colorado. Histogram ahụ na-egosi data a tụrụ atụ, ebe usoro ahụ bụ nkesa ụdị Rayleigh maka otu ọsọ ikuku nkezi. ]] [[Faịlụ:Global_Map_of_Wind_Power_Density_Potential.png|thumb|Map zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ike ikuku nwere ike ịdị arọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Wind Atlas|url=https://globalwindatlas.info/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118095006/https://www.globalwindatlas.info/|archivedate=18 January 2019|accessdate=14 June 2019}}</ref>]] Ifufe bụ mmegharị ikuku n'ime ikuku ụwa. N'otu nkeji nke oge, dịka ọmụmaatụ otu sekọnd, olu nke ikuku gafere otu mpaghara. <math>A</math> bụ <math>Av</math> Ọ bụrụ na njupụta ikuku dị <math>\rho</math>, ọnụego mmiri nke olu ikuku a bụ <math>\tfrac{M}{\Delta t}=\rho Av</math>, na nnyefe ike, ma ọ bụ nnyefe ike kwa sekọnd bụ <math>P =\tfrac {1}{2}\tfrac{M}{\Delta t} v^{2}= \tfrac {1}{2}\rho A v^{3}</math> Ike ikuku si otú a ''dakọọ'' ''ike nke atọ'' nke ọsọ ifufe; ike dịnụ na-abawanye okpukpu asatọ mgbe ọsọ ikuku na-amụba okpukpu abụọ. Mgbanwe nke ọsọ ifufe site na ihe dị ka 2.1544 na-eme ka ike ikuku dịkwuo elu site n'otu usoro nke nha (mụbaa site na 10). Ike ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ mere ihe dịka 1.50 MJ / m² n'ime oghere na 1.70 MJ / mm² na Southern Hemisphere. Ikuku na-arụ ọrụ dị ka injin na-ekpo ọkụ, na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, na-ewepụta okpomọkụ n'okpomọkụ dị ala. Usoro a na-ahụ maka mmepụta nke ike ikuku na ọnụego nke 2.46 W / m2 si otú a na-akwado mgbasa nke ikuku megide ịfụfụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/13919173/A%2032-year%20Perspective%20on%20the%20Origin%20of%20Wind%20Energy%20in%20a%20warming%20Climate.pdf?sequence=1|title=A 32-year perspective on the origin of wind energy in a warming climate|journal=Renewable Energy|volume=77|pages=482–92|year=2015|doi=10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.045|author=Huang|first=Junling|accessdate=6 February 2015|archive-date=6 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206044746/http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/13919173/A%2032-year%20Perspective%20on%20the%20Origin%20of%20Wind%20Energy%20in%20a%20warming%20Climate.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Site na nyocha akụrụngwa ikuku, o kwere omume ịkọ atụmatụ ike ike ikuku n'ụwa niile, site na mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara, ma ọ bụ maka ebe a kapịrị ọnụ. Global Wind Atlas nke Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Denmark nyere na mmekorita ya na World Bank na-enye nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ike ikuku. <ref name="global_wind_atlas" /> N'adịghị ka 'static' akụrụngwa ikuku nke na-eme atụmatụ nkezi ọsọ ikuku na njupụta ike n'ime ọtụtụ afọ, ngwaọrụ dịka Renewables.ninja na-enye ihe atụ nke ọsọ ifufe na mmepụta ike site na ụdị turbine ikuku dị iche iche na mkpebi kwa elekere.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Staffell|first=Iain|title=Using bias-corrected reanalysis to simulate current and future wind power output|date=1 November 2016|journal=Energy|volume=114|pages=1224–39|doi=10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.068}}</ref> Enwere ike inweta nyocha zuru ezu, nyocha nke ebe nke ikike ikuku site na ndị ọkachamara na-enye azụmahịa, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mmepe ikuku buru ibu nwere ikike imepụta ihe n'ụlọ. Oke ike a na-enweta n'ụzọ akụ na ụba site na ikuku karịrị nke mmadụ ji eme ihe ugbu a site na isi mmalite niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.claverton-energy.com/how-much-wind-energy-is-there-brian-hurley-wind-site-evaluation-ltd.html|title=How Much Wind Energy is there?|author=Hurley|first=Brian|publisher=Claverton Group|accessdate=8 April 2012|archivedate=15 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515154047/http://www.claverton-energy.com/how-much-wind-energy-is-there-brian-hurley-wind-site-evaluation-ltd.html}}</ref> Ike nke ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, uru nkezi maka ebe enyere abụghị naanị na ọ na-egosi oke ike nke turbine ikuku nwere ike imepụta ebe ahụ. Iji chọpụta ebe ike ikuku dị, ọrụ nkesa ihe gbasara ohere na-adabakarị na data ọsọ ikuku a na-ahụ anya.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.savenkov.org/publications/Savenkov_on_the_truncated_weibull_distribution_2009.pdf|author=Savenkov, M|year=2009|title=On the truncated weibull distribution and its usefulness in evaluating potential wind (or wave) energy sites|journal=University Journal of Engineering and Technology|volume=1|issue=1|pages=21–25|archive-date=2015-02-22|access-date=2026-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222120957/http://www.savenkov.org/publications/Savenkov_on_the_truncated_weibull_distribution_2009.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebe dị iche iche ga-enwe nkesa ọsọ ikuku dị iche iche. Ụdị Weibull na-egosipụta nke ọma nkesa nke ọsọ ikuku kwa awa/nkeji iri n'ọtụtụ ebe. Ihe Weibull na-adịkarị nso na 2, ya mere enwere ike iji nkesa Rayleigh dị ka ihe nlereanya na-ezighi ezi, mana dị mfe karị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xn--drmstrre-64ad.dk/wp-content/wind/miller/windpower%20web/en/tour/wres/weibull.htm|title=Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution|publisher=Danish Wind Industry Association|accessdate=8 July 2021|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802193222/http://xn--drmstrre-64ad.dk/wp-content/wind/miller/windpower%20web/en/tour/wres/weibull.htm}}</ref> == Ugbo ikuku == {| class="wikitable floatright sortable" |+Nnukwu ugbo ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri !Ugbo ikuku !Ikike (MW) <br /> !Mba ! class="unsortable" |Ndị na-agba ọsọ |- |Gansu Wind Farm | align="center" |7,965 | China | |- |Muppandal Wind Farm | align="center" |1,500 | India |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thewindpower.net/windfarm_en_449.php|title=Muppandal (India)|publisher=thewindpower.net|accessdate=21 November 2015|archivedate=14 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814194848/http://www.thewindpower.net/windfarm_en_449.php}}</ref> |- |Alta (Oak Creek-Mojave) | align="center" |1,320 | United States | |- |Ogige Mmiri Jaisalmer | align="center" |1,064 | India | |} Ugbo ikuku bụ otu ìgwè turbine ikuku dị n'otu ebe. Ugbo ikuku buru ibu nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ narị turbine ikuku nke kesara n'ebe sara mbara. A pụrụ iji ala dị n'etiti turbine ahụ mee ihe maka ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Ugbo ikuku nwekwara ike ịdị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ turbine ifufe buru ibu niile nwere otu imewe - turbine ikuku kwụ ọtọ nke nwere rotor elu ikuku nwere agụba atọ, nke ejikọtara na nacelle n'elu ụlọ elu tubular dị ogologo.&nbsp; N'ụlọ ọrụ ikuku, a na-ejikọta turbines n'otu n'otu na usoro nchịkọta ike (nke na-abụkarị 34.5 kV) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ewh.ieee.org/r3/atlanta/ias/Wind%20Farm%20Electrical%20Systems.pdf|title=Wind Farm Electrical Systems|accessdate=2020-07-11|archivedate=18 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318210221/https://ewh.ieee.org/r3/atlanta/ias/Wind%20Farm%20Electrical%20Systems.pdf}}</ref> na netwọk nkwukọrịta. N'ozuzu, a na-etinye anya nke 7D (ugboro asaa nke dayameta rotor nke turbine ikuku ) n'etiti turbine ọ bụla na ugbo ikuku zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Meyers|first=Johan|date=1 March 2012|title=Optimal turbine spacing in fully developed wind farm boundary layers|journal=Wind Energy|volume=15|issue=2|pages=305–17|doi=10.1002/we.469|url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/331240}}</ref> Na substation, a na-abawanye ọkụ eletrik a dị n'etiti na voltaji na transformer maka njikọ na usoro nnyefe ike eletrik dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.windpowerengineering.com/projects/making-modern-offshore-substation/|title=Making of the modern offshore substation|work=Windpower Engineering & Development|language=en-US|accessdate=14 June 2019|archivedate=24 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124094304/https://www.windpowerengineering.com/making-modern-offshore-substation/}}</ref>&nbsp; === Njirimara na nkwụsi ike nke ihe nrụpụta === Ọtụtụ turbine ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji jenereta ọsọ dị iche iche yana ihe mgbanwe ike nke akụkụ ma ọ bụ nke zuru oke n'etiti jenereta turbine na sistemụ nchịkọta, nke na-enwekarị ihe ndị a na-achọsi ike maka njikọ grid ma nwee ikike ịnyagharị voltaji dị ala.<ref name="huang">{{Cite book|author=Falahi|first=G.|title=IECON 2014 – 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society|chapter=Low voltage ride through control of modular multilevel converter based HVDC systems|date=1 October 2014|pages=4663–68|doi=10.1109/IECON.2014.7049205|isbn=978-1-4799-4032-5}}</ref> Turbine ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji igwe eletriki e tinyere nri ugboro abụọ nwere ihe mgbanwe akụkụ ma ọ bụ jenereta induction nke squirrel ma ọ bụ jenereta synchronous (ma na-adịgide adịgide ma na-akpali ọkụ eletrik) yana ihe mgbanwe zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.037|title=The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies: A review|journal=Energy Conversion and Management|volume=88|year=2014|author=Cheng|first=Ming}}</ref> Mmalite ojii ga-ekwe omume ma na-aga n'ihu maka ebe (dị ka [[Áyowạ|Iowa]]) nke na-emepụta ọtụtụ ọkụ eletrik ha site na ikuku . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-03|title=ScottishPower in 'pioneering world first' after wind farm black-out boost|url=https://www.scotsman.com/business/scottishpower-in-pioneering-world-first-after-wind-farm-black-out-boost-3023563|accessdate=2022-09-19|work=www.scotsman.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=As the grid adds wind power, researchers have to reengineer recovery from power outages|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220531181931.htm|accessdate=2022-09-19|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}</ref> Ndị na-arụ ọrụ sistemụ nnyefe ga-enye onye na-emepụta ugbo ikuku koodu grid iji kọwaa ihe achọrọ maka njikọ na grid nnyefe. Nke a ga-agụnye ihe ọkụ eletrik, oge na-aga n'ihu, na omume na-agbanwe agbanwe nke turbines ugbo ikuku n'oge nsogbu sistemụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Demeo|first=E.A.|year=2005|title=Wind plant integration|journal=IEEE Power and Energy Magazine|volume=3|issue=6|pages=38–46|doi=10.1109/MPAE.2005.1524619}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zavadil|first=R.|year=2005|title=Making connections|journal=IEEE Power and Energy Magazine|volume=3|issue=6|pages=26–37|doi=10.1109/MPAE.2005.1524618}}</ref> === Ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri ===   Ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ ugbo ikuku dị n'ime nnukwu mmiri, nke na-abụkarị oké osimiri. Ebe ndị a nwere ike iji ikuku na-efekarị na nke siri ike dị na ebe ndị a ma nwee obere mmetụta anya na ala karịa ọrụ ndị dabere na ala. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ahịa owuwu na mmezi dị elu nke ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.renewables-info.com/drawbacks_and_benefits/offshore_wind_power_%E2%80%93_advantages_and_disadvantages.html|title=Offshore wind power&nbsp;– Advantages and disadvantages|author=Hulazan|first=Ned|date=16 February 2011|publisher=Renewable Energy Articles|accessdate=9 April 2012|archivedate=13 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053638/http://www.renewables-info.com/drawbacks_and_benefits/offshore_wind_power_%E2%80%93_advantages_and_disadvantages.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.windpowermonthly.com/go/europe/news/1021043/Cutting-cost-offshore-wind-energy/|title=Cutting the cost of offshore wind energy|author=Millborrow|first=David|date=6 August 2010|work=Wind Power Monthly|publisher=Haymarket|accessdate=10 April 2012|archivedate=2 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202035902/http://www.windpowermonthly.com/go/europe/news/1021043/Cutting-cost-offshore-wind-energy/}}</ref> Ruo ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021, Hornsea Wind Farm dị na mba United Kingdom bụ ugbo ikuku kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa n'ụwa nke nwere ike 1,218 MW.<ref name="hornsea">{{Cite web|date=2020-01-30|title=World's Largest Offshore Wind Farm Fully Up and Running|url=https://www.offshorewind.biz/2020/01/30/worlds-largest-offshore-wind-farm-fully-up-and-running/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131051635/https://www.offshorewind.biz/2020/01/30/worlds-largest-offshore-wind-farm-fully-up-and-running/|archivedate=31 January 2020|accessdate=2020-02-03|work=Offshore Wind|language=en-US}}</ref> === Nchịkọta na netwọk mgbasa ozi === Enwere ike ijikọ ugbo ikuku dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri site na AC na HVDC site na mpụga oké osimiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Action|first=BMWK-Federal Ministry for Economics Affairs and Climate|title=Connecting offshore wind energy to the grid|url=https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Artikel/Energy/connecting-offshore-wind-energy-to-the-grid.html|accessdate=2023-01-20|work=www.bmwk.de|language=en}}</ref> Akụrụngwa ike ikuku anaghị adị nso ebe ndị mmadụ bi na ya. Ka eriri nnyefe na-adị ogologo, mfu ndị metụtara nnyefe ike na-abawanye, ka ụdị mfu ndị dị obere na-akawanye njọ, ụdị mfu ọhụrụ anaghịzikwa adị mkpa ka ogologo ya na-abawanye; na-eme ka ọ sie ike ibufe ibu buru ibu n'ebe dị anya. Mgbe ikike nnyefe anaghị eru oke ikike mmepụta, a na-amanye ugbo ikuku imepụta ihe n'okpuru ikike ha zuru oke ma ọ bụ kwụsị ịrụ ọrụ kpamkpam, n'usoro a maara dị ka mbelata. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a na-eduga na mmepụta mmeghari ohuru enwere ike ịhapụ ya n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ọ na-egbochi oke ibu ma ọ bụ ihe egwu nke ọrụ a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi nwere ike ibute. Otu n'ime ihe ịma aka kachasị na njikọta grid ike ikuku na mba ụfọdụ bụ imepụta eriri nnyefe ọhụrụ iji buru ike site na ugbo ikuku, nke na-abụkarị n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi n'ebe dị anya n'ihi ikuku dị, gaa na ebe ndị mmadụ na-ebu ibu dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-07|title=From West to East: The Charged Challenge of Delivering Electricity|url=https://www.chinabusinessreview.com/from-west-to-east-the-charged-challenge-of-delivering-electricity/|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=China Business Review|language=en-US}}</ref> Ahịrị nnyefe ọ bụla dị adị n'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nwere ike ọ bụghị maka ibufe nnukwu ike. N'ógbè ụfọdụ, ọsọ ifufe kachasị elu nwere ike ọ gaghị adaba na oke mkpa maka ike eletrik, ma ọ bụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri ma ọ bụ na ala. Nhọrọ nwere ike ime n'ọdịnihu nwere ike ịbụ ijikọ mpaghara mpaghara dịgasị iche iche na HVDC super grid.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Barnard|first=Michael|date=2021-11-11|title=Breaking News: China & USA Joint Declaration On Climate Action Collaboration|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2021/11/11/breaking-news-china-and-usa-joint-declaration-on-climate-action-collaboration/|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=CleanTechnica|language=en-US|archivedate=12 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112143817/https://cleantechnica.com/2021/11/11/breaking-news-china-and-usa-joint-declaration-on-climate-action-collaboration/}}</ref> == Ikike ikuku na mmepụta == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9q2gw6p7bx16xgte6n0h915rdic8zo7 0 79310 727661 708905 2026-09-24T17:00:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Campaignbox Terrorism in Egypt}}Three related attacks took place in Cairo, [[Ịjịpt|Egypt]], on 7 and 30 April 2005. While the first killed three bystanders, the latter two incidents are generally considered to have been minor, in that they caused no loss of life other than those of the perpetrators and appear not to have been planned.  Neither sophisticated methods nor sophisticated materials were used in the incidents, and the Egyptian authorities have consistently described the attacks as "primitive". == Ihe omume mbụ: Khan el-Khalili == [[File:Khan-el-Khalili.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|133x133px|Ihe owuwu mebiri site na mgbawa nke Eprel 7.]] Na Tọzdee, ụbọchị 7 Eprel 2005, onye na-atụ bọmbụ nke ji ndụ ya chụọ onwe ya n’àjà gbawara ihe mgbawa na Sharia al-Moski dị na Cairo Islam, n’akụkụ Al-Hussein Mosque na Khan el-Khalili, bụ́ nnukwu ahịa (souq) ndị njem nleta na ndị Egypt na-enwekarị mmasị ịga.Ndị njem nleta si mba ọzọ atọ—ndị France abụọ na onye America—gụnyere Alex Mirandette, nwụrụ n’ihi mwakpo ahụ. Ndị Egypt iri na otu na ndị ọbịa asaa ọzọ si mba ọzọ merụrụ ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii Ijipt kwuru na onye ahụ gburu bọmbụ bụ Muhammad Sobhi Ali Jidan, onye sitere na Gọọmenti Qalyubia dị n'ebe ugwu Ijipt, mana ọ bi na mpaghara Shobra nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu Cairo. == Ihe omume nke abụọ: Àkwà mmiri nke isii nke Ọktoba == [[Faịlụ:Cairo-Hilton-Skyline.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|350x350px|Àkwà Mmiri nke Isii nke Ọktoba]] Nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ mwakpo na Satọdee, 30 Eprel mere na 15h15 oge ọkọchị Ijipt (12h15 UTC) na ọdụ ụgbọ ala obodo dị n'ogige dị mita 300 n'obosara n'etiti Ramses Hilton Hotel na Egyptian Museum dị nso na isi okporo ụzọ Cairo. Ehab Yousri Yassin, nwoke Ijipt a na-enyo enyo na ọ na-etinye aka na mwakpo nke 7 Eprel, na-achụ ya n'okporo ámá nke isii nke Ọktoba, nke na-agafe n'etiti Cairo site na agwaetiti [[Nile|Osimiri Naịl]] nke Gezira. O doro anya na o si n'àkwà mmiri ahụ wụtuo n'ọdụ ụgbọ ala dị n'okpuru, na bọmbụ ntu nke ọ na-ebu na-agbawa mgbe ọ dara. E gburu onye na-atụ bọmbụ ahụ ma merụọ ndị njem asaa ahụ: ndị Ijipt atọ na ndị njem nleta mba ọzọ anọ (otu di na nwunye [[Israel]], otu nwanyị [[Italy|Ịtali]], na otu [[Sweden|Onye Sweden]]). == Ihe omume nke atọ: Citadel == Ihe dị ka awa abụọ ka e mesịrị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị abụọ kpuchiri ákwà na-ebu égbè gbara bọs ndị njem nleta égbè n'ógbè a maara dị ka Cairo Islam, na-adịghị anya na Citadel. Mgbe ọ gbagbusịrị onye na-azụ ya, otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ahụ gbagburu onye nke ọzọ tupu ọ tụgharịa égbè ya n'onwe ya. A kọrọ na mmadụ atọ merụrụ ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii mechara kpughee na ụmụ nwanyị ahụ bụ Negat Yassin, nwanne nwanyị Ehab Yousri Yassin, na Iman Ibrahim Khamis, nwunye ya (nke akọwapụtara dị ka onye ọ chọrọ ịlụ na ụfọdụ akụkọ mbụ). Nke a bụ mwakpo mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ijipt nke oge a nke ụmụ nwanyị mere; ndị uwe ojii kwenyere na ọ malitere site na mkpebi nke oge ụmụ nwanyị mere mgbe ha matara ihe mere na Sixth of October Bridge. == Ndị nwụrụnụ == {| class="wikitable centre sortable" |+Ndị merụrụ ahụ site na mba !Mba !Ọnwụ !Ndị merụrụ ahụ |- | France !2 !0 |- | United States !1 !0 |- | Ijipt !0 !16 |- | Israel !0 !2 |- | Ịtali !0 !1 |- | Sweden !0 !1 |- |- class="sortbottom" |'''Ngụkọta''' !3 !20 |} == Ihe si na ya pụta == Ìgwè abụọ kwuru na ọ bụ ha kpatara ya n'oge mgbede, oge mpaghara: ndị [[Mujahedeen of Egypt|Mujahedeen nke Ijipt]] na ndị Abdullah Azzam Brigades. Na nkwupụta ya, otu nke ikpeazụ ahụ kwuru na mwakpo ahụ bụ mmegwara maka mmegide gọọmentị na-egbochi ndị nnupụisi n'ihi bọmbụ Sinai Peninsula nke Ọktoba 2004. N'isi ụtụtụ Sunday, 1 May, ndị uwe ojii jidere ihe dị ka mmadụ 225 maka ajụjụ ọnụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere n'obodo atọ ahụ nwụrụ anwụ na mpaghara ha bi na Shubra. Onye a na-achọsi ike bụ Muhammad Yassin, nwanne nwoke dị afọ iri na ụma nke Ehab Yousri Yassin, onye ndị uwe ojii kọwara dị ka naanị onye a na-enyo enyo na mwakpo bọmbụ nke bazaar na onye akaebe maka ịgba égbè n'ehihie Satọdee. E mechara si na [[Libya]] wepụ Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?issue_id=3339|title=A New Phase for Jihad in Egypt?<!-- Bot generated title -->|accessdate=2007-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184527/http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?issue_id=3339|archivedate=2007-09-30}}</ref> N'ime ngwụsị izu, ọ pụtakwara na mmadụ atọ ahụ niile na-eme mwakpo ahụ bụ ndị ikwu Ashraf Said, onye a na-enyo enyo na bọmbụ nke Eprel 7 nke a kpọgara maka ajụjụ ma nwụọ n'aka ndị uwe ojii na Fraịde, Eprel 29.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930212948/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=12270|title=Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera|archivedate=September 30, 2007|work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2007, a mara mmadụ anọ a na-enyo enyo ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ndụ ha niile maka ọrụ ha na mwakpo ahụ. Mmadụ ise ndị ọzọ nwetara ikpe mkpirikpi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Na Machị 9, 2007, otu n'ime ndị America ahụ nwụrụ bipụtara akwụkwọ (The Only Road North) nke ihe omume ya na Africa nke rụzuru n'ihe omume ọdachi nke Eprel 7, 2005. == Hụkwa == * 2004 Bọmbụ Sinai, October 7, 2004 * Bọmbụ Sharm el-Sheikh, July 23, 2005 * [[2006 Bọmbụ Dahab]], Eprel 24, 2006 * [[2009 Bọmbụ Khan el-Khalili|2009 Mgbawa nke Khan el-Khalili]], February 22, 2009 <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4432485.stm Cairo bombing claims third victim] (BBC News, 11 April) * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4501263.stm Cairo tourists come under attack] (BBC News, 30 April) * [https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,1473989,00.html Tourists targeted in Cairo attacks] (AP, via ''The Guardian)'' * [https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,1474546,00.html 200 held in Cairo swoop on militants] ''(The Guardian'', 2 May) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120904231656/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/01/AR2005050100481.html Egypt Questions 200 Over Attacks, Hunts Suspect]  ''(Washington Post,'' 2 May) [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bio8oml3zl5j0xy0b1hl0w13yfvcpt4 0 79393 727618 709310 2026-09-24T13:20:21Z NiferO 20385 727618 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>   Bọmbụ Dellys nke afọ 2007 mere n'ọnwa Septemba 8, afọ 2007, mgbe opekata mpe mmadụ iri atọ nwụrụ na mmadụ iri anọ na asaa merụrụ ahụ n'otu ogbunigwe nke ụgbọ ala gburu onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha mmiri [[Algeria]] n'obodo Dellys, 100 km (62 mi) n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Algiers. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ọ bụ ndị mwakpo abụọ mere mgbawa ahụ, ha abụọ nwụrụ. Akụkụ Al-Qaeda nke North Africa, al-Qaeda na Islamic Maghreb, kwuru na ọ bụ ya kpatara mwakpo ahụ.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6985672.stm ''Al-Qaeda claims Algerian bombings''] retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> == Hụkwa == * Bọmbụ ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na Algeria == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 2y3lnenm7t9vw4jtektuajiqm0da1uc 0 79394 727620 709314 2026-09-24T13:30:04Z NiferO 20385 727620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihe isi ike Mustansirite''' (Arabic:<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />الشِّدَّة المُسْتَنْصِرِيَّة, <small>Romanized:&nbsp;</small> ash-Shiddatu l-Mustaniriyya) bụ ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ala Ijipt n'oge ọchịchị ndị Fatimid nke kpatara ụnwụ nri were afọ asaa, malite n'afọ 1064 ruo 1071. A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka mmadụ 40,000 nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ n'oge ahụ.<ref name="davis">{{Cite book|author=Davis|first=Lee Allyn|title=Natural Disasters|date=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438118789|pages=120–121}}</ref> Ọgba aghara ahụ mere n'oge ọchịchị Caliph al-Mustansir Billah, onye e ji aha ya kpọọ ya. [[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]] == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == Ruo ọtụtụ afọ tupu nsogbu ahụ, Osimiri Naịl enweghi idei mmiri dịka achọrọ maka ịgba mmiri, nke belatara mmepụta ugbo.<ref name="brit">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Egypt |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=1878 |editor-last1=Baynes |editor-first1=Thomas Spencer |editor-last2=Smith |editor-first2=William Robertson |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |page=752 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition,_v._7.djvu/776}}</ref><ref name="ghummah">{{Cite book|author=[[Al-Maqrīzī]]|first=Aḥmad ibn 'Alī|title=Ighāthat al-Ummah bi-Kashf al-Ghummah|language=Arabic|year=1403|url=https://archive.org/details/tutankhamun34_gmail/}}</ref>: 98 N'afọ 1066, esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị ohu na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ndị Mamluk nke Turkey na ndị ohu na na-akwụ ụtụ isi nke [[Sudanian savanna|Ndị Sudan]] ghọrọ agha obodo zuru oke, ebe akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-azọ ikike ịchịkwa Caliph al-Mustansir na-adịghị ike.[a]<ref name="mawaiz">{{Cite book|author=[[Al-Maqrīzī]]|first=Aḥmad ibn 'Alī|title=al-Mawāʻiẓ wa-al-Iʻtibār bi-Dhikr al-Khiṭaṭ wa-al-Āthār|language=Arabic|url=https://archive.org/details/20200607_20200607_1502}}</ref>:: 335  Nne Caliph, ebe ọ bụ ohu-concubine n'onwe ya, jiri mmetụta ya mee ihe maka akụkụ Afrịka. <ref name="brit" /><ref name="ittiaz" />:: 273  Ọchịagha Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan duziri ndị Turkey.<ref name="ittiaz">{{Cite book|author=[[Al-Maqrīzī]]|first=Aḥmad ibn 'Alī|title=Itti'āz al-Ḥunafā' bi-Akhbār al-A'immah al-Fāṭimīyīn al-Khulafā|language=Arabic|url=https://archive.org/details/Heliopolis1957_gmail_2_20180930}}</ref>:: 273  Mmekọrịta agha n'etiti ndị Turkey na ndị Africa, gụnyere nnọchibido nke Cairo, dugara na ụkọ nri ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, Nasir al-Dawla nwere ike imeri ndị agha Afrịka wee si otú a weghara ọchịchị nke Ijipt.<ref name="ittiaz" /> : 273 : 273  == Ụnwụ == [[ahịa]] na-aga n'ihu na ọka wit na achịcha kpatara ịrị elu ngwa ngwa na mbelata zuru oke nke akụ Fatimid. N'oge na-adịghị anya, nri ghọrọ ihe dị oke ọnụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe a na-apụghị inweta, maka ndị Ijipt.<ref name="ghummah" />: 98 Onye Egypt na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke iri na anọ bụ al-Maqrizi na-akọ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị agụụ na-agụ n'oge a mere - Iri mmadụ ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ụfọdụ ọbụna na-atọrọ ndị na-agafe agafe site na iji nko ndị dị n'elu ụlọ, ebe ndị ntọ ga-eri onye ahụ.<ref name="davis" /><ref name="mawaiz" />:: 337  E riri ozu ndị omempụ e gburu egbu.<ref name="ghummah" />: A na-ere nkịta 99 na 5 dirhams ọlaọcha nke ọ bụla, nke mesịrị kpatara ụkọ nkịta.<ref name="ghummah" />: 98 Al-Maqrizi kọwakwara akụkọ banyere otu nwanyị nke ndị na-agụ agụụ ji egbupụ anụ ahụ n'apata ụkwụ ya.<ref name="mawaiz" />:: 337  Ọtụtụ obodo tọgbọrọ kpamkpam n'ihi ụnwụ ahụ, gụnyere al-Askar na al-Qata'i; ebe obodo ndị ọzọ dị ka Fustat hụkwara ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na ha nwụsịrị.<ref name="brit" /> Ụfọdụ ndị Arab na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jiri ụnwụ nri a tụnyere ụnwụ mmiri afọ asaa nke Ijipt nke akọwapụtara na omenala ndị Juu na Ndị Kraịst na ndị Alakụba.<ref name="ghummah" />: 100  == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Edensibia == {{Fatimid Caliphate topics}} 81cyuxsg2rbo10t3zi45pzmbthowk0x 727621 727620 2026-09-24T13:35:02Z NiferO 20385 727621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihe isi ike Mustansirite''' (Arabic:<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />الشِّدَّة المُسْتَنْصِرِيَّة, <small>Romanized:&nbsp;</small> ash-Shiddatu l-Mustaniriyya) bụ ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ala Ijipt n'oge ọchịchị ndị Fatimid nke kpatara ụnwụ nri were afọ asaa, malite n'afọ 1064 ruo 1071. A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka mmadụ 40,000 nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ n'oge ahụ.<ref name="davis">{{Cite book|author=Davis|first=Lee Allyn|title=Natural Disasters|date=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438118789|pages=120–121}}</ref> Ọgba aghara ahụ mere n'oge ọchịchị Caliph al-Mustansir Billah, onye e ji aha ya kpọọ ya. [[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]] == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == Ruo ọtụtụ afọ tupu nsogbu ahụ, Osimiri Naịl enweghi idei mmiri dịka achọrọ maka ịgba mmiri, nke belatara mmepụta ugbo.<ref name="brit">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Egypt |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=1878 |editor-last1=Baynes |editor-first1=Thomas Spencer |editor-last2=Smith |editor-first2=William Robertson |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |page=752 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition,_v._7.djvu/776}}</ref><ref name="ghummah">{{Cite book|author=[[Al-Maqrīzī]]|first=Aḥmad ibn 'Alī|title=Ighāthat al-Ummah bi-Kashf al-Ghummah|language=Arabic|year=1403|url=https://archive.org/details/tutankhamun34_gmail/}}</ref>: 98 N'afọ 1066, esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị ohu na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ndị Mamluk nke Turkey na ndị ohu na na-akwụ ụtụ isi nke [[Sudanian savanna|Ndị Sudan]] ghọrọ agha obodo zuru oke, ebe akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-azọ ikike ịchịkwa Caliph al-Mustansir na-adịghị ike.[a]<ref name="mawaiz">{{Cite book|author=[[Al-Maqrīzī]]|first=Aḥmad ibn 'Alī|title=al-Mawāʻiẓ wa-al-Iʻtibār bi-Dhikr al-Khiṭaṭ wa-al-Āthār|language=Arabic|url=https://archive.org/details/20200607_20200607_1502}}</ref>:: 335  Nne Caliph, ebe ọ bụ ohu-concubine n'onwe ya, jiri mmetụta ya mee ihe maka akụkụ Afrịka. <ref name="brit" /><ref name="ittiaz" />:: 273  Ọchịagha Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan duziri ndị Turkey.<ref name="ittiaz">{{Cite book|author=[[Al-Maqrīzī]]|first=Aḥmad ibn 'Alī|title=Itti'āz al-Ḥunafā' bi-Akhbār al-A'immah al-Fāṭimīyīn al-Khulafā|language=Arabic|url=https://archive.org/details/Heliopolis1957_gmail_2_20180930}}</ref>:: 273  Mmekọrịta agha n'etiti ndị Turkey na ndị Africa, gụnyere nnọchibido nke Cairo, dugara na ụkọ nri ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, Nasir al-Dawla nwere ike imeri ndị agha Afrịka wee si otú a weghara ọchịchị nke Ijipt.<ref name="ittiaz" /> : 273 : 273  == Ụnwụ == [[ahịa]] na-aga n'ihu na ọka wit na achịcha kpatara ịrị elu ngwa ngwa na mbelata zuru oke nke akụ Fatimid. N'oge na-adịghị anya, nri ghọrọ ihe dị oke ọnụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe a na-apụghị inweta, maka ndị Ijipt.<ref name="ghummah" />: 98 Onye Egypt na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke iri na anọ bụ al-Maqrizi na-akọ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị agụụ na-agụ n'oge a mere - Iri mmadụ ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ụfọdụ ọbụna na-atọrọ ndị na-agafe agafe site na iji nko ndị dị n'elu ụlọ, ebe ndị ntọ ga-eri onye ahụ.<ref name="davis" /><ref name="mawaiz" />:: 337  E riri ozu ndị omempụ e gburu egbu.<ref name="ghummah" />: A na-ere nkịta 99 na 5 dirhams ọlaọcha nke ọ bụla, nke mesịrị kpatara ụkọ nkịta.<ref name="ghummah" />: 98 Al-Maqrizi kọwakwara akụkọ banyere otu nwanyị nke ndị na-agụ agụụ ji egbupụ anụ ahụ n'apata ụkwụ ya.<ref name="mawaiz" />:: 337  Ọtụtụ obodo tọgbọrọ kpamkpam n'ihi ụnwụ ahụ, gụnyere al-Askar na al-Qata'i; ebe obodo ndị ọzọ dị ka Fustat hụkwara ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na ha nwụsịrị.<ref name="brit" /> Ụfọdụ ndị Arab na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jiri ụnwụ nri a tụnyere ụnwụ mmiri afọ asaa nke Ijipt nke akọwapụtara na omenala ndị Juu na Ndị Kraịst na ndị Alakụba.<ref name="ghummah" />: 100  == Ihe edeturu == a.^ Dịka ndị ọnaozi n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ụfọdụ ndị ohu nwere mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụlọikpe n'ihe gbasara ọchịchị n'oge a nke akụkọ ihe mere eme Ijipt. == Edensibia == {{Fatimid Caliphate topics}} kwyasajlcqz4pwaozmzfi6he3v0zead 0 79395 727622 709321 2026-09-24T13:40:13Z NiferO 20385 727622 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  Nnukwu mwakpo abụọ megide ndị agha AMISOM nke ndị al-Shabaab gburu onwe ha na Mogadishu, Somalia mere n'afọ 2009. N'ozuzu mmadụ iri atọ na abụọ, gụnyere ndị agha AMISOM iri abụọ na asatọ, nwụrụ na mmadụ iri ise na ise merụrụ ahụ. == Mwakpo na 22 Febụwarị == Na 22 Febụwarị afọ 2009, Al-Shabaab mere ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AL-SHABAAB {{!}} United Nations Security Council|url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/751/materials/summaries/entity/al-shabaab|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref> megide isi nke African Union Mission na Somalia na Mogadishu. Mwakpo ahụ, nke otu onye gburu onwe ya n'ụgbọala na otu onye ji ụkwụ mee, mere ka ndị agha Burundi 11 nwụọ ma merụọ ndị ọzọ 15 ahụ nke ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7904613.stm|work=BBC News|title=Bombs kill Somalia peacekeepers|date=22 February 2009|accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref> Onye na-atụ bọmbụ ụgbọ ala ahụ bụ onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta Somalia nke nwere ohere dị mfe ịbanye na isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="3_News_92516">{{Cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/News/InternationalNews/African-Union-to-increase-troops-in-Somalia-despite-deadly-suicide-attack/tabid/417/articleID/92516/cat/61/Default.aspx|title=African Union to increase troops in Somalia despite deadly suicide attack|date=24 February 2009|work=[[3 News]]|accessdate=14 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004142455/http://www.3news.co.nz/News/InternationalNews/African-Union-to-increase-troops-in-Somalia-despite-deadly-suicide-attack/tabid/417/articleID/92516/cat/61/Default.aspx|archivedate=4 October 2011}}</ref> == Mwakpo nke Septemba 17 == N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2009, bọmbụ abụọ gburu onwe ha mere n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa nke Aden Adde, isi ụlọ ọrụ AMISOM, na Mogadishu, na-egbu ndị agha iri na asaa. Ndị na-atụ bọmbụ ahụ nwere ike ịbanye n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na iji ụgbọala UN abụọ e zuru ohi na-acha ọcha wee kụọ nzukọ n'etiti ndị agha AMISOM na Gọọmentị Federal Transitional . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Somali gov't condemns twin suicide attacks in Mogadishu|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/18/content_12075998.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924025723/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/18/content_12075998.htm|archivedate=24 September 2009|accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref><ref name=cnn>[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/09/18/somalia.suicide.attack/index.html 21 killed in suicide attack on African Union base in Somalia]</ref> Brigadier General Juvenal Niyoyunguruza nke Burundi, osote onye isi nke AMISOM, nwụrụ na mgbawa ahụ, ebe onye isi ndị agha Ugandan, General Nathan Mugisha, merụrụ ahụ.<ref name="voa">{{Cite web|title=21 Killed in Suicide Bomb Attacks on AU Forces in Mogadishu|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-09-18-voa26.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923124639/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-09-18-voa26.cfm|archivedate=23 September 2009|accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref> N'ime ndị na-eme udo nwụrụ anwụ, 12 bụ ndị Burundi na ise bụ ndị Uganda.<ref name="voa" /> Mmadụ anọ na Somalia nwụkwara na mwakpo ahụ, nke merụrụ mmadụ iri anọ ọzọ ahụ. === Ihe si na ya pụta === Ogbunigwe nke ma al-Shabaab ma AMISOM gbagburu mgbe e mechara mwakpo bọmbụ ahụ gburu mmadụ iri na itoolu n'ime ndị nkịtị Somalia.<ref name="voa" /> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  7uo3bsn2un04nhbgr82u955ohgrd7bq 0 79396 727764 726212 2026-09-25T00:38:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''María Elena Enríquez Ruiz''' (18 August 1944 - 3 February 2024), nke a maara dị ka '''Helena Rojo''', bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.com.mx/noticia/407948/0/efemerides-de-espectaculos-del-18-de-agosto/|work=20minutos.com.mx|title=Efemérides de Espectáculos del 18 de agosto|date=17 August 2018}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Amụrụ ya n'obodo Mexico, Mexico, Ọ bidoro ọrụ ya dịka onye na-eme ngosi Akwa n'afọ 1961. Ka ana agadebe na ngwụcha Afọ iri,ọ gụrụ ejije n'aka ndị nduzi Mexico amara ama bụ, Carlos Ancira na [[José Luis Ibáñez]], nke méré ọ jị mee ngosipụta fim yá n'afọ 1968 na fim akpọrọ ''El Club de los suicidas''. N'otu afọ ahụ, Rojo pụtakwara na fim yá nke abụọ bụ , ''Los Amigos''. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye nlereanya ma na-apụta n'ọrụ obere n'ihe nkiri na ngwụcha afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970. Na 1969, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta pụrụ iche na Productora Cinematográfica Marte. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ malitere ịgbasa ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya na telivishọn nakwa elu nkeago. Na 1974, ọrụ mbụ ya na telivishọn bụ onye isi agwa na telenovela. ''Extraño en su pueblo''.  Ọrụ Rojo na sinima mere ka yana ndị nduzi ihe nkiri Mexico kacha mkpa rụkọ ọrụ n'afọ 1970 na 1980, dịka Felipe Cazals, Arturo Ripstein, Rafael Corkidi, [[Alberto Bojórquez]], Marcela Fernández Violante, na Jorge Fons.  Rojo na ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa, dịka onye ndụzi German Werner Herzog na ome ihe nkiri Klaus Kinski rụkọrọ ọrụ, na fim akpọrọ ''Aguirre, the Wrath of God''. Ọ pụtakwara na fim akpọrọ ''Foxtrot'' (1976), nke onye diiri ya bụ Arturo Ripstein,ya na ndị ome ihe nkiri Charlotte Rampling, Peter O'Toole, and Max von Sydow.  [[Faịlụ:Helena_Rojo_2016.jpg|thumb|Helena Rojo na 2016]] Na 2006, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Amerịka bụ́ ''Ugly Betty'' na akpa agwa Nne na-agbalị iduputa nwa ya nwoke pụọ n'aka nwunye dị ya nke nwere mmasị n'ebe ọ nọ n'ihe nkiri "faux" telenovela nke ezinụlọ onye isi agwa nenere n'ihe onyonyo.  == Ọnwụ == Rojo nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa n'ụbọchị nke atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asaa na iteghete .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Valdés Doria|first=María Luisa|title=Muere Helena Rojo, famosa actriz mexicana; esto sabemos|url=https://www.milenio.com/espectaculos/famosos/muere-helena-rojo-actriz-mexicana|work=[[Milenio]]|accessdate=4 February 2024|language=es|date=3 February 2024}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Omume !Ihe odide |- |1968 |''Ndị enyi'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1970 |''[[Las bestias jóvenes|Ụmụ anụmanụ]]'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1970 |''[[El club de los suicidas|Klọb ndị na-egbu onwe ha]]'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1970 |''Okpueze ịhụnanya'' |Vicky |Ihe nkiri |- |1971 |''[[Siempre hay una primera vez|E nwere oge mbụ mgbe niile]]'' |Isabel |Ihe nkiri |- |1971 |''[[Eye for an Eye (1971 film)|Anya Maka Otu Anya]]'' |Rina Pittman |Ihe nkiri |- |1971 |''[[Una vez, un hombre...|Otu oge, otu nwoke...]]'' |Susana |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''[[End of the Party|Njedebe nke Òtù ahụ]]'' |Elena |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''Victoria'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''Nwa bebi Eze Nwanyị'' |Carmen |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''[[Indio (1972 film)|Onye India]]'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''Ihe Ndị Na-ekiri Anya'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''[[Angels and Cherubs|Ndị Mmụọ Ozi na Ndị Kerub]]'' |Angela |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''[[El payo - un hombre contra el mundo!|Ego ịkwụ ụgwọ - otu nwoke megide ụwa!]]'' |Lupe |Ihe nkiri |- |1972 |''Aguirre, Iwe nke Chineke'' |Inez |Ihe nkiri |- |1973 |''[[The Cubs|Ụmụaka]]'' |Tere |Ihe nkiri |- |1973 |''Afọ ndị ahụ'' |Carlota |Ihe nkiri |- |1973 |''[[Los Perros de Dios|Nkịta nke Chineke]]'' |Laura |Ihe nkiri |- |1975 |''Meri, Meri, Meri ọbara ọbara'' |Greta |Ihe nkiri |- |1975 |''Ụlọ Dị n'Ebe Ndịda'' |Elena |Ihe nkiri |- |1975 |''Ọchịchịrị Karịa Ọchịchukwu'' |Ogidi |Ihe nkiri |- |1976 |''Nnukwu Njem nke Zorro''<ref name=zorro>{{Citation|last=de Anda|first=Raúl Jr.|title=La gran aventura del Zorro|date=12 February 1976|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0288551/|type=Adventure, Drama|others=Rodolfo de Anda, Helena Rojo, Pedro Armendáriz Jr, Ricardo Carrión|publisher=Cine Visión, Estudios América, Radeant Films|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref> |Helena |Ihe nkiri |- |1976 |''Akụkụ Dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Paradaịs'' |Alexandra |Ihe nkiri |- | 1977 ||''[[La venganza (1977 TV series)|La venganza]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Telenovela La Venganza - 1977| date=23 December 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXQ7jn5bKYw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211217/hXQ7jn5bKYw |archive-date=17 December 2021 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=7 June 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> || María Olivares/Alejandra Balmaseda ||Lead role |- |1978 |''Ụmụ Sanchez'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1979 |''[[Crónica íntima|Akụkọ nzuzo]]'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1980 |''[[La Sucesion|Ọchịchị Onye]]'' |Mariana |Ihe nkiri |- |1980 |''Ihe omimi'' |Silvia |Ihe nkiri |- |1981 |''[[Noche de juerga|N'abalị Juerga]]'' |Ihe mgbu |Ihe nkiri |- |1982 |''[[En el país de los pies ligeros|N'ala nke obere ụkwụ]]'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1983 |''[[Pajaros de ciudad|Nnụnụ obodo]]'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1988 |''Egwu Egwu Egbughị Egwu'' |Oriakụ Smith |Ihe nkiri |- |1988 |''[[Reto a la vida|Ihe ịma aka na ndụ]]'' |Elena |Ihe nkiri |- |1988 |''[[Lovers, partners & Spies|Ndị hụrụ n'anya, ndị mmekọ & ndị nledo]]'' |Duchess |Ihe nkiri |- |1990 |''[[El motel de la muerte|Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ọnwụ]]'' | |Ihe nkiri |- |1992 |''[[Muerte ciega|Ọnwụ kpuru ìsì]]'' |Alisa |Ihe nkiri |- |1992 |''[[Una Luz en la escalera|Otu Ìhè Na Steepụ]]'' |Adriana Bernal |Ihe nkiri |- |1992 |''[[Los años de Greta|Afọ ndị Greta]]'' |Nora |Ihe nkiri |- |1992 |''[[Mas alla del deseo|Ma n'elu ọchịchọ]]'' |Josefa |Ihe nkiri |- |1993 |''[[Guerrero negro|Onye agha ojii]]'' |Eva |Ihe nkiri |- |1994 |''[[Una luz en la escalera|Ìhè n'elu steepụ]]'' |Adriana |Ihe nkiri |- |1994 |''[[Luces de la noche|Ìhè abalị]]'' |Tina |Ihe nkiri |- |2008 |''[[Amor letra por letra|Ịhụnanya mkpụrụedemede site na mkpụrụedemede]]'' |Fabiola |Ihe nkiri |- |2009 |''[[Borderline (2009 film)|Mpaghara]]'' |Shanti |Ihe nkiri |- |2010 |''[[Catarsis (film)|Ọrịa na-acha ọbara ọbara]]'' |Nne |Ihe nkiri |} === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Omume !Ihe odide |- |1974 |''Ọ bụ onye ọ na-amaghị n'obodo ya'' |Isaura |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |1976 |''Ụbọchị echi ga-abụ ụbọchị ọzọ'' |Paola |Ọrụ nkwado |- |1977 |''Ịbọ ọbọ'' |María Olivares/Alejandra Balmaseda |Ọrụ ndu |- |1978 |''Oge ịgbachi nkịtị'' |Barbara |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |1981–1982 |''Ụzọ ịhụnanya ndị dị ịtụnanya'' |Isabela |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |1984–1985 |''Ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru'' |Antonia Guerra |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |1992 |''Ebumnuche Nzuzo'' |Antonieta Alcantara |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |1995–1996 |''Foto ezinụlọ'' |Cecilia Mariscal |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |1997 |''Ndị ezi omume'' |Rebeca Balmori |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |1998–1999 |''Ihe ùgwù nke ịhụ n'anya'' |Luciana Duval |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |2000 |''Ramona'' |Doña Ramona Gonzaga Nwunye di ya nwụrụ nke Moreno |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2000 |''Gbanwee m n'ike n'ike'' |Damiana / Juliana Guillen |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2003 |''Ezigbo Ịhụnanya'' |Doña Augusta Curiel de Penalver na Beristain |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2004–2005 |''Ihe na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla banyere gị'' |Rebeca/Raquel Linares Robles |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2005–2006 |''Onye njem ala nsọ'' |Sabina |Ọrụ nkwado |- |2006–2007 |''Ụwa nke Anụ'' |Miriam de Rivas del Castillo |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |2007 |''Ịhụnanya na-enweghị ihe ntecha'' |Inés Rivera |Ọrụ nkwado |- |2008–2009 |''Kpachara anya maka mmụọ ozi'' |Cecilia de Velarde |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2009–2010 |''Obi Anụ Ọhịa'' |Leonarda Montes de Oca de Vidal |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2010–2011 |''Mmeri nke Ịhụnanya'' |Ya onwe ya |Onye ọbịa |- |2010 |''Ịhụnanya nzuzu'' |Ụkpụrụ | |- |2012 |''N'ihi ya, m bụ Eva'' |Eugenia Mistral de Caballero |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2014 |''Agba nke Mmasị'' |Ọrụ Ebube Isi Iyi nke Escalante |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2016 |''Obi na-agha ụgha'' |Sara Sáenz Vda nke Castellanos |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2016–2017 |''Onye na-achọ'' |Natalia nke San Román |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2017 |''Ụgbọelu nke mmeri'' |Maria Isabel Nwunye di ya nwụrụ nke Peña |Ọrụ a na-arụ ugboro ugboro |- |2019 |''N'ihi ịhụ n'anya n'enweghị iwu'' |Lucia Carvajal |Onye ọbịa (oge 2) |- |2019 |''Obi adịghị mgbe ọ na-ehi ezi'' |Dora Ortega Fabela |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2021 |''Ị na-echeta m'' |Alicia Limantour |Onye ọbịa |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Akụkọ a na-ada m'' |Emma |Ihe omume: "Torero" |- |''María Félix: La Doña'' |Oriakụ Russek | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Ịhụnanya na-eduhie eduhie'' |Lorena |Ihe omume: "Onye mama kacha hụ n'anya"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Serie "Amores que Engañan" regresa a Lifetime con una nueva temporada|url=https://newsreportmx.com/2023/06/01/serie-amores-que-enganan-regresa-a-lifetime-con-una-nueva-temporada/|work=newsreportmx.com|accessdate=4 February 2024|language=es|date=1 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''Imeri ikpe'' |Ndị mmụọ ozi Román |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2024 |''El Conde: Ịhụnanya na nsọpụrụ'' |Guadalupe nke Gaitán |Onye ọbịa (E mere ya na 2022) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Telemundo Presents The Cast For 'El Conde: Amor Y Honor'|url=https://www.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/latinx-now-english/telemundo-presents-the-cast-forel-conde-amor-y-honor-rcna34005|work=telemundo.com|accessdate=4 February 2024|date=16 June 2022}}</ref> |} == Ihe nkiri emere n'elu nkwago == * Ụmụ nwanyị nke Ceniza (Ndị inyom nke ntụ) * Dios mio mere m di ya nwụrụ biko (Chineke biko mee m di ya nwụọ) * Ụmụ agbọghọ nke klọb (The Club Girls) * ''Akụkọ ndị nwụrụ anwụ'' * ''Onye na-ezipụ akwụkwọ ozi'' (The Mailman) * ''N'okpuru efu'' (n'okpuru efu) * ''10, di zuru oke'' (10, Di zuru oke) * Ihe nkuzi maka ndị lụrụ di (Lectures for Married Women) * ''Na-ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi ma ghara ile onye anya'' (Be Unfaithful with Whomever) * Cena de Matrimonios (Nri abalị na ndị di na nwunye) * Me enamoré de una bruja (M hụrụ onye amoosu n'anya) * Nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara (The Redheaded Woman) * Mmehie n'àgwàetiti ewu (Sin on the Isle of Goats) * ''Ronda de las Arpías'' (Song of the Harpies) * ''Onyinye rụrụ arụ'' * M na-agha ụgha, ị na-agha, anyị niile na-agha (M na-aghaagha ụgha, Ị na-aghagha ụgha, Anyị niile na-aghara ụgha) == Ihe nrite Ariel == * Won - 1972 Best Supporting Actress Ariel Award site na Mexican Academy of Film, maka ọrụ ya na Fin de Fiesta''Njedebe nke Fiesta'' * A họpụtara ya - 1973 Best Actress Ariel Award site na Mexican Academy of Film, maka ọrụ ya na Los Cachorros''Nkịta'' * Won - 1981 Best Actress Ariel Award site na Mexican Academy of Film, maka ọrụ ya na Misterio''Ihe omimi'' * A họpụtara ya - 1992 Best Actress Ariel Award site na Mexican Academy of Film, maka ọrụ ya na Muerte Ciega''Ọnwụ ìsì'' == Ihe nrite TVyNovelas == * A họpụtara ya n'afọ 1985 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - La Traición * A họpụtara ya na 1996 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Retrato de Familia * Mmeri 1999 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma - Ihe ùgwù nke Amar * Emeri 2001 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma - Abrázame muy Fuerte * Emeri 2005 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Inocente de Ti * A họpụtara ya n'afọ 2006 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Peregrina * Emeri 2007 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma - Mundo de Fieras * Emeri 2009 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma - Kpachara anya na mmụọ ozi * A họpụtara ya n'afọ 2010 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Corazón Salvaje * A họpụtara ya n'afọ 2013 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - N'ihi ya, abụ m Eva * A họpụtara ya n'afọ 2015 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - El Color de la Pasión * Onye mmeri 2017 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma - La Candidata == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} ==Njikọ mpụga== *{{IMDb name|0737928}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210125005244/http://www.alma-latina.net/ Alma Latina: Mexican Telenovela Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125005244/http://www.alma-latina.net/ |date=25 January 2021 }} *[http://www.wam.umd.edu/~dwilt/mfb.html The Mexican Film Resource Page] *[http://www.academiamexicana.com/academia/historiaariel.htm History of the ''Ariel''] {{in lang|es}} at the [[Academia Mexicana de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas|Mexican Academy of Film]]. *[http://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Ariel ''El Ariel''] {{in lang|es}} at [[wikisource]] {{TVyNovelas Award for Best Lead Actress}} {{TVyNovelas Award for Best Female Antagonist}} {{TVyNovelas Award for Best Cast}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rojo, Helena}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1944]] nmkc683zz2b60cykilt51jp2qdk8h2v 0 79402 727624 709348 2026-09-24T13:44:09Z NiferO 20385 727624 wikitext text/x-wiki Bọmbụ Casablanca nke afọ 2007 na-ezo aka n'usoro Bọmbụ igbu onwe onye n'ọnwa Machị na Eprel afọ 2007 na Casablanca, [[Morocco]]. == Bọmbụ a tụrụ n'ọnwa Machị == === March 11 === <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  E nwere bọmbụ gburu onwe ya na Machị 11, 2007, na Casablanca, [[Morocco]]. Ndị na-eyi onwe ha bọmbụ si n'obodo Sidi Moumen, nke bụ ógbè dara ogbenye nke Casablanca. Bọmbụ ahụ mere n'elekere iri na abụọ nke oge mpaghara n'ime ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ịntanetị. Ndị ikom abụọ na-anwa ịbanye na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Islamist siri ike tupu onye nwe ya agwa ha ka ha ghara. Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ jụrụ ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, onye nwe ya mechiri ọnụ ụzọ ma yie egwu ịkpọ ndị uwe ojii. Ndị na-atụ bọmbụ gwara onye nwe ya ka ọ meghee ọnụ ụzọ ma hapụ ha ka ha pụọ mana ọ jụrụ. Otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ ahụ, Abdelfattah Raydi dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ<ref name="Identity">[http://www.leconomiste.com/online/online.html?d=371 ''Explosion à Casablanca: Les terroristes identifiés''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928212157/http://www.leconomiste.com/online/online.html?d=371 |date=2007-09-28 }} – ''[[L'Economiste]]'' {{in lang|fr}}</ref> onye bu ibu na-agbawa agbawa zoro n'okpuru uwe ya gbagburu bọmbụ ahụ, nke gburu ya ma merụọ onye ibe ya na ndị ọzọ atọ gụnyere onye nwe ya. Onye ibe ahụ, nke e mechara mara dị ka Youssef Khoudri dị afọ iri na asatọ <ref name="Identity" /> gbapụrụ na mmerụ anya wee gaa ụlọ ọgwụ dị nso, ebe ndị ọchịchị mechara jide ya. Onye isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka okwu izugbe na Grand Casablanca, bụ Mokhtar Bekkali Kacemi, gwara ndị mgbasa ozi na ndị ahụ bu bọmbụ "nwere ike na-akwado ime ihe omume mpụ... ha chọrọ inweta ntụziaka site na ịntanetị iji mee mwakpo ha n'ebe ọzọ". Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Assabah'' si kwuo, ezigbo ebumnuche bụ ndị uwe ojii na isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha nke Casablanca yana ụfọdụ ebe ndị njem nleta. == Bọmbụ Eprel == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Eprel 10 === Mgbe bọmbụ ahụ mere n'ọnwa Machị gasịrị, nnukwu ọrụ nchebe megide ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị agha Islam mere ka mmadụ atọ a na-eche na ha gburu onwe ha na ndị uwe ojii gbagburu onye nke anọ ka ọ na-anwa imebi ngwaọrụ ya. Otu onye uwe ojii nwụrụ n'otu n'ime mgbawa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6543423.stm|work=BBC News|title=Dramatic day of Moroccan attacks|date=April 10, 2007|first=Owen|author=Clegg}}</ref> Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị kwuru na otu n'ime ndị agha atọ a na-enyo enyo bụ ndị gbagburu onwe ha n'oge ndị uwe ojii wakporo Morocco bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye na-atụ bọmbụ n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6544163.stm|work=BBC News|title=Morocco 'bomber brother' killed|date=April 11, 2007}}</ref> === Eprel 14 === Ndị ọzọ na-atụ bọmbụ gburu onwe ha na Casablanca n'ọnwa Eprel 14. Otu nwanyị na-agafe agafe merụrụ ahụ na mgbawa ahụ, nke mere na nso ụlọ ọrụ US na ebe ọdịnala ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6555177.stm|work=BBC News|title=New suicide attacks hit Morocco|date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> == Ikpe == N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2008, mba Morocco mara mmadụ 45 ikpe ịtụ ha mkpọrọ afọ abụọ ruo afọ iri atọ n'ihi ọrụ ha rụrụ n'atụmatụ ịwakpo ebe dị iche iche na Casablanca—atụmatụ metụtara mwakpo bọmbụ nke afọ 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLG506299|title=Morocco court jails bomb plotters for 30 years|date=October 16, 2008|accessdate=May 25, 2013|work=Reuters}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * 2003 Bọmbụ Casablanca == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/12/AR2007031200251.html Nwoke Na-agba Onwe Ya n'Ime Ịntanetị] * [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-morocco-blast-idUSL1369488420070313 Ndị na-atụ bọmbụ lekwasịrị anya na Casablanca: akwụkwọ] == Edensibia na ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  rphonpu24wycrb9uzajg2aftpf7gbt9 727626 727624 2026-09-24T13:46:16Z NiferO 20385 727626 wikitext text/x-wiki Bọmbụ Casablanca nke afọ 2007 na-ezo aka n'usoro Bọmbụ igbu onwe onye n'ọnwa Machị na Eprel afọ 2007 na Casablanca, [[Morocco]]. == Bọmbụ a tụrụ n'ọnwa Machị == === March 11 === <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  E nwere bọmbụ gburu onwe ya na Machị 11, 2007, na Casablanca, [[Morocco]]. Ndị na-eyi onwe ha bọmbụ si n'obodo Sidi Moumen, nke bụ ógbè dara ogbenye nke Casablanca. Bọmbụ ahụ mere n'elekere iri na abụọ nke oge mpaghara n'ime ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ịntanetị. Ndị ikom abụọ na-anwa ịbanye na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Islamist siri ike tupu onye nwe ya agwa ha ka ha ghara. Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ jụrụ ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, onye nwe ya mechiri ọnụ ụzọ ma yie egwu ịkpọ ndị uwe ojii. Ndị na-atụ bọmbụ gwara onye nwe ya ka ọ meghee ọnụ ụzọ ma hapụ ha ka ha pụọ mana ọ jụrụ. Otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ ahụ, Abdelfattah Raydi dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ<ref name="Identity">[http://www.leconomiste.com/online/online.html?d=371 ''Explosion à Casablanca: Les terroristes identifiés''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928212157/http://www.leconomiste.com/online/online.html?d=371 |date=2007-09-28 }} – ''[[L'Economiste]]'' {{in lang|fr}}</ref> onye bu ibu na-agbawa agbawa zoro n'okpuru uwe ya gbagburu bọmbụ ahụ, nke gburu ya ma merụọ onye ibe ya na ndị ọzọ atọ gụnyere onye nwe ya. Onye ibe ahụ, nke e mechara mara dị ka Youssef Khoudri dị afọ iri na asatọ <ref name="Identity" /> gbapụrụ na mmerụ anya wee gaa ụlọ ọgwụ dị nso, ebe ndị ọchịchị mechara jide ya. Onye isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka okwu izugbe na Grand Casablanca, bụ Mokhtar Bekkali Kacemi, gwara ndị mgbasa ozi na ndị ahụ bu bọmbụ "nwere ike na-akwado ime ihe omume mpụ... ha chọrọ inweta ntụziaka site na ịntanetị iji mee mwakpo ha n'ebe ọzọ".<ref>[http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box1/casablanca_blast_was/view ''Casablanca blast was accidental''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070417232823/http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box1/casablanca_blast_was/view |date=2007-04-17 }} – ''[[Maghreb Arab Press]]'' {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Assabah'' si kwuo, ezigbo ebumnuche bụ ndị uwe ojii na isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha nke Casablanca yana ụfọdụ ebe ndị njem nleta. == Bọmbụ Eprel == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Eprel 10 === Mgbe bọmbụ ahụ mere n'ọnwa Machị gasịrị, nnukwu ọrụ nchebe megide ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị agha Islam mere ka mmadụ atọ a na-eche na ha gburu onwe ha na ndị uwe ojii gbagburu onye nke anọ ka ọ na-anwa imebi ngwaọrụ ya. Otu onye uwe ojii nwụrụ n'otu n'ime mgbawa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6543423.stm|work=BBC News|title=Dramatic day of Moroccan attacks|date=April 10, 2007|first=Owen|author=Clegg}}</ref> Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị kwuru na otu n'ime ndị agha atọ a na-enyo enyo bụ ndị gbagburu onwe ha n'oge ndị uwe ojii wakporo Morocco bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye na-atụ bọmbụ n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6544163.stm|work=BBC News|title=Morocco 'bomber brother' killed|date=April 11, 2007}}</ref> === Eprel 14 === Ndị ọzọ na-atụ bọmbụ gburu onwe ha na Casablanca n'ọnwa Eprel 14. Otu nwanyị na-agafe agafe merụrụ ahụ na mgbawa ahụ, nke mere na nso ụlọ ọrụ US na ebe ọdịnala ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6555177.stm|work=BBC News|title=New suicide attacks hit Morocco|date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> == Ikpe == N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2008, mba Morocco mara mmadụ 45 ikpe ịtụ ha mkpọrọ afọ abụọ ruo afọ iri atọ n'ihi ọrụ ha rụrụ n'atụmatụ ịwakpo ebe dị iche iche na Casablanca—atụmatụ metụtara mwakpo bọmbụ nke afọ 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLG506299|title=Morocco court jails bomb plotters for 30 years|date=October 16, 2008|accessdate=May 25, 2013|work=Reuters}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * 2003 Bọmbụ Casablanca == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/12/AR2007031200251.html Nwoke Na-agba Onwe Ya n'Ime Ịntanetị] * [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-morocco-blast-idUSL1369488420070313 Ndị na-atụ bọmbụ lekwasịrị anya na Casablanca: akwụkwọ] == Edensibia na ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  bdnrk8c85pp1rt46utabrkvz4xtdsr3 0 79404 727629 709372 2026-09-24T13:53:13Z NiferO 20385 727629 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Site na ngwụcha ọnwa Ọktọba ruo n'etiti ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021, nzukọ Islamic State mere mwakpo bọmbụ anọ gafee [[Uganda]]. == Ndabere == Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) bụ otu ndị Alakụba malitere na Uganda mana ọ dị na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] dị nso. Nnupụisi nke otu ahụ malitere na 1996; ọ na-egbu ọtụtụ narị ndị nkịtị kwa afọ, ọkachasị site na ịwakpo obodo nta. Mwakpo ADF kachasị gbuo mmadụ na Uganda bụ na 8 June 1998, mgbe otu ahụ wakporo Uganda Technical College, Kichwamba na Kabarole District, na-egbu ụmụ akwụkwọ 80 ma na-atọrọ ihe dị ka 100.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 October 2021|title=Inside the Komamboga terror attack|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-the-komamboga-terror-attack-3594940}}</ref> N'afọ 1997, e mere nnukwu mwakpo ọzọ, mgbe otu ahụ tụbara bọmbụ n'ime tagzi na ụlọ ọha na eze, na-egbu ihe karịrị mmadụ 50 ma na-emerụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 160 ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=HOSTILE TO DEMOCRACY|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/uganda/Uganweb-09.htm|accessdate=2021-11-16|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010504150108/http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/uganda/Uganweb-09.htm|archivedate=4 May 2001}}</ref><ref name="PROFILE">[http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd&#91347%5D=x-347-359656&als&#91theme%5D=AT+Law+and+Policy Terrorism Profile - Uganda][[Privacy International]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106091756/http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd&#91347%5D=x-347-359656&als& |date=2008-01-06 }}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2010, a tụrụ bọmbụ ndị gburu onwe ha n'elu ìgwè mmadụ na-ekiri ihe ngosi nke egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke FIFA World Cup nke afọ 2010 n'oge World Cup n'ebe abụọ na Kampala. Mwakpo ahụ gburu mmadụ 74 ma merụọ mmadụ 70 ọzọ ahụ. Al-Shabaab, otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu nke [[Somalia]], kwuru na ọ bụ ya kpatara mwakpo ahụ dịka mmegwara maka nkwado Uganda maka AMISOM.<ref name="aol">{{Cite web|date=12 July 2010|title=Uganda Blasts: American Killed, Missionaries Hurt|url=http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/uganda-bombing-american-aid-worker-nate-henn-killed-six-us-missionaries-injured/19550468|publisher=[[AOL News]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713201244/http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/uganda-bombing-american-aid-worker-nate-henn-killed-six-us-missionaries-injured/19550468|archivedate=13 July 2010}}</ref> == Mwakpo na 2021 == Mgbe afọ iri na otu nke ịdị jụụ gasịrị, ADF lekwasịrị Uganda anya na 2021 site n'enyemaka nke ndị na-eyi ọha egwu jikọtara na Islamic State. Na 1 June, General Katumba Wamala nọ na-eme njem n'ụgbọala mgbe ndị ikom anọ na-agba égbè pụtara ma malite ịgba égbè, merụọ Wamala ahụ ma gbuo onye ọkwọ ụgbọala ya na nwa ya nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chimpreports.com/gen-katumba-wamala-attacked-by-gun-men-driver-reported-dead/|title=General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead|author=Sam Waswa|accessdate=1 June 2021|date=1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2|url=https://www.dw.com/en/assassination-attempt-on-ugandan-minister-kills-2/a-57736189|accessdate=1 June 2021|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 June 2021|title=Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-57315083|accessdate=June 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 June 2021|title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter|accessdate=1 June 2021}}</ref> Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị ọchịchị kpughere na ndị mwakpo ahụ bụ ndị Alakụba a zụrụ n'ogige jihadist na North Kivu, Congo, ma nwee njikọ na ADF na Islamic State.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 July 2021|title=Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/uganda-links-islamist-rebels-attempted-murder-minister-2021-07-01/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ndị ọchịchị jidere onye otu ADF maka ịhazi mwakpo bọmbụ igbu onwe ya n'ememe olili ozu nke onye isi ndị uwe ojii, onye bụ onye isi na njide nke ndị otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 August 2021|title=Uganda: We're Planning to Attack and Eliminate Allied Democratic Forces From DR Congo - Museveni|work=[[All Africa]]|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202108280022.html}}</ref> N'agbata Julaị na Ọgọstụ, ọ dịkarịa ala ndị nkịtị 25 nwụrụ na Lwengo na Masaka. Ndị ahụ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ha na n'okporo ámá site n'aka ndị na-egbu ha mma n'abalị. Ọ bụ ezie na ebumnuche nke igbu ọchụ ahụ na njirimara nke ndị na-eme ya ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị ọchịchị na-enyo enyo na ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ADF bụ ndị na-akwado igbu ọchukwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 October 2021|title=Uganda: Masaka Killings - Govt Recovers Shs5.2m Condolence Money From Imposters|work=[[All Africa]]|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202110250368.html}}</ref> === Ọktoba === N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ndị agha Islamic State tụrụ bọmbụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị na Kawempe. Ọ dịghị onye merụrụ ahụ na mwakpo ahụ. Ọ bụ oge mbụ Islamic State kwuru na ọ bụ ya kpatara mwakpo a wakporo Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 October 2021|title=Deadly blast in Ugandan capital a 'terrorist act': President|work=[[France24]]|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211024-deadly-blast-in-ugandan-capital-a-terrorist-act-president}}</ref> Na ụbọchị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba, mba United Kingdom dọrọ aka ná ntị gbasara mwakpo ndị omekome na-abịa, na-akpọ ndị obodo ha ka ha kpachara anya nke ọma gbasara nchekwa ha "karịsịa n'ebe ndị mmadụ jupụtara na ya na ebe ọha na eze dịka họtel, ebe a na-ebuga ndị mmadụ, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ mmanya, nakwa n'oge nnukwu nnọkọ dịka egwuregwu ma ọ bụ ihe omume okpukpe." <ref>{{Cite news|author=|date=2021-10-18|title=United Kingdom issues Uganda terror alert|language=en|work=[[The East African]]|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/united-kingdom-issues-uganda-terror-alert-3584230|accessdate=2021-11-16}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii Uganda wepụtara nkwupụta na-agba ndị ọha ume ka ha nọrọ jụụ ka ha "na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha usoro nchekwa anyị n'ofe mba ahụ, nke a na-ejikwa n'usoro nkịtị."<ref>{{Cite news|author=|date=2021-10-18|title=Security urges the public to keep calm despite the advisories from the UK and French embassies|language=en|work=[[Uganda Police Force|UPF]]|url=https://www.upf.go.ug/security-urges-the-public-to-keep-calm-despite-the-advisories-from-the-uk-and-french-embassies/|accessdate=2021-11-16}}</ref> A na-eche na mwakpo ndị a bụ nzaghachi maka mkpọsa njide ndị uwe ojii Uganda mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke lekwasịrị anya n'aka ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha nwere njikọ na otu Islamic State – Central Africa Province (IS-CAP). Uganda ekwupụtala n'ihu ọha na ha dị njikere inyere Congo aka ịlụso otu a ọgụ, ma kwusie ike na naanị ihe ha chọrọ bụ nkwenye sitere n'aka ndị ọchịchị Kinshasa ka ha nwee ike ibuga ndị agha ha na Beni.  N'elekere itoolu nke ehihie n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, otu bọmbụ gbawara n'ụlọ mmanya dị na Komamboga, mpaghara dị na Kawempe North, Kampala, na-egbu otu onye na-ere nri ma na-emerụ mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="R">{{Cite news|author=|date=2021-10-25|title=IS claims responsibility for bomb attack in Uganda|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/is-claims-responsibility-bomb-attack-uganda-2021-10-24/|accessdate=2021-11-16}}</ref> Ndị ikom atọ, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ndị ahịa, butere bọmbụ ahụ n'ime ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ n'ime akpa polythene wee hapụ ya n'okpuru tebụl, pụọ tupu ọ gbawaa.<ref name="R" /> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ndị Islamic State kwuru na ọ bụ ha kpatara ya, na-ekwu na ha lekwasịrị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ anya n'ihi na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-agakarị ya.<ref name="R" /> N'elekere ise nke ehihie n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Ọktoba, otu onye gburu onwe ya gbagburu onwe ya n'ụgbọ ala na Lungala, Mpigi District, na-ebu ndị njem iri ise na abụọ. Mmadụ atọ merụrụ ahụ na mwakpo ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 October 2021|title=Dead passenger in Mpigi bus explosion was terrorist, says Museveni|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dead-passenger-in-mpigi-bus-explosion-was-terrorist-says-museveni-3596510?view=htmlamp}}</ref> Bisi ahụ na-aga n'etiti Masaka na Kampala. Onye mwakpo ahụ bụ naanị onye nwụrụ n'ihe omume ahụ. Otu ụbọchị mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị ọchịchị gosipụtara ya dị ka onye otu ADF.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 October 2021|title=Uganda bus blast a 'suicide bomb attack': police|work=[[France24]]|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211026-uganda-bus-blast-a-suicide-bomb-attack-police}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ụmụaka abụọ nwụrụ n'oge bọmbụ gbawara n'otu obodo dị na Nakaseke District. Ngwaọrụ ahụ yiri "jackfruit" dị iche iche ma nye ya ụmụaka mgbe ha na-egwu egwu. Ndị ahụ nwụrụ bụ nwa dị afọ iri na anọ na nwatakịrị nwere nkwarụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 October 2021|title=Fruit-shaped bomb kills 2 children in Uganda|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/30/fruit-shaped-bomb-kills-two-children-in-uganda-police}}</ref> === Nọvemba === Na ụbọchị iri na isii nke ọnwa Nọvemba, n'ihe dịka elekere iri na atọ nke ụtụtụ, mmadụ atọ gbara ogbunigwe wakporo ebe abụọ dị na Kampala n'ime nkeji atọ nke anya ha. Onye ogbunigwe mbụ gbawara onwe ya n'ebe a na-enyocha ndị uwe ojii Central (CPS) dị nso n'ụlọ Kooki Towers dị n'akụkụ ụzọ Buganda, gbuo mmadụ abụọ ma merụọ ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ahụ, gụnyere ndị uwe ojii nọ n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. Mgbawa ahụ gbawara windo enyo n'ụlọ CPS na ụlọ Kooki Tower. Ndị ọzọ na-atụ bọmbụ gbawara na Jubilee House n'akụkụ Parliamentary Avenue ihe dị ka mita 100 site n'ọnụ ụzọ Palịament, gbuo mmadụ abụọ ọzọ ma merụọ ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ahụ. Ndị ahụ nwụrụ bụ ndị nkịtị atọ na otu onye uwe ojii. Mmadụ iri atọ na atọ ndị ọzọ merụrụ ahụ, gụnyere mmadụ ise nọ n'ọnọdụ dị oke njọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 November 2021|title=Uganda's capital Kampala hit by twin suicide bombings: Police|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/16/ganda}}</ref> A chọtala bọmbụ ndị ọzọ n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke obodo ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 November 2021|title=Kampala blasts: Suicide bombers target Ugandan capital|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59302917}}</ref> Islamic State kwuru na ọ bụ ya kpatara mwakpo ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 November 2021|title=Triple suicide bombers in Uganda capital kill three civilians, wound dozens|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/explosion-uganda-capital-kills-least-two-local-tv-2021-11-16/}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii gburu mmadụ asaa a na-enyo enyo ma jide mmadụ 106 ọzọ n'ihe gbasara mwakpo ahụ ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/22/at-least-seven-suspects-killed-in-uganda-after-suicide-bombings|title=Several suspects killed in Uganda after bombings: Police|work=Al Jazeera|date=22 November 2021}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Bọmbụ Kampala na 2010 * Mgbalị igbu Katumba Wamala == Edensibia == <references /> {{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Otú:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3e5rmz0w4prxftlmi7n85k0kwcru0j0 0 80697 727604 726234 2026-09-24T12:29:58Z NiferO 20385 727604 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  N'afọ 2021, mba Niger nwetara idei mmiri ugboro ugboro nke oke mmiri ozuzo kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ ọtụtụ mmadụ na nnukwu mbibi n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ. Idei mmiri ndị a kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 77 ma metụta mmadụ 250,331 n'ofe mba ahụ. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Niger enweela idei mmiri ugboro ugboro na nke siri ike n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọkachasị n'oge mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ. N'afọ [[Iju Mmiri nke Niger na 2016|2016]], idei mmiri kpatara ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwụ iri atọ na ise<ref>{{cite news |title=38 dead, 92,000 left homeless by Niger floods |url=https://www.rappler.com/world/africa/145550-niger-floods-casualties-homeless/ |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=[[Rappler]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=8 September 2016}}</ref> ma metụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 123,000, na mpaghara ndị dị ka Maradi, Tahoua, na Agadez n'etiti ndị kachasị emetụta.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bulletin humanitaire Niger - août 2016 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/bulletin-humanitaire-niger-ao-t-2016 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA) |access-date=29 August 2021 |language=French |date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bulletin humanitaire Niger - septembre - octobre 2016 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/bulletin-humanitaire-niger-septembre-octobre-2016 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 April 2026 |language=French |date=20 October 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, idei mmiri mere n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 56 na mbata zuru ebe niile, na-emetụta mmadụ 206,513,<ref>{{cite web|date=19 June 2017|title=Niger – Floods in Niamey and Tillabéri Leave 14 Dead, Hundreds of Homes Destroyed|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-niamey-tillaberi-june-2017|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=31 August 2017|title=Niger – Deadly Floods in Niamey, 200 Homes Destroyed|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-niamey-august-2017|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West and Central Africa: 2017 flood impact (as of 18 Oct 2017) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/west-and-central-africa-2017-flood-impact-18-oct-2017 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 April 2026 |date=19 October 2017}}</ref> ebe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na 2018 kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 45 ma metụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 200,000, na-ebibi ọtụtụ puku ụlọ, ala ugbo, na anụ ụlọ.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 October 2018|title=West and Central Africa: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (2 - 8 October 2018)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/west-and-central-africa-weekly-regional-humanitarian-snapshot-2-8-october-2018|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Idei mmiri dị otú ahụ gara n'ihu na 2019, na-emetụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 211,000 ma na-akpata ọnwụ 57.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 September 2019|title=Niger: Situation Report, 26 Sep 2019|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-situation-report-26-sep-2019|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Ọnọdụ ahụ kara njọ na 2020, mgbe idei mmiri gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 73 ma metụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 400,000 ndị ọzọ, na-akpata nnukwu nsogbu enyemaka.<ref name='toll'>{{cite news|date=12 August 2021|title=Niger's flood death toll rises to 55|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-niger-s-flood-death-toll-rises-to-55|work=[[France 24]]|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Mmiri ozuzo zuru ebe niile na osimiri ndị na-asọba na-eduga na mbibi nke ọtụtụ iri puku ụlọ na nnukwu mfu ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=The Niger - 2020 Floods: Urgent call for assistance |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-2020-floods-urgent-call-assistance-october-2020 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO) |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Osimiri ndị dị mkpa na ihe mgbochi mmiri ruru ọkwa dị ize ndụ, ọkachasị gburugburu Niamey, na-akpata nnukwu mgbanwe.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title=Flood in Niger |url=https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/activations/-/article/flood-large-in-niger-activation-677- |website=[[International Charter Space and Major Disasters]] |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Idei mmiri ahụ emeela ka Osimiri Niger, ihe mgbochi mmiri na dicks gbajie ma nnukwu mmiri kpuchie ụlọ ndị mmadụ, ugbo, na ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'ebughị ụzọ dọọ aka ná ntị.<ref name='cause'>{{cite web|date=15 September 2020|title=Niger flooding causes over 36,000 houses to collapse|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-flooding-causes-over-36000-houses-collapse|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=[[CARE International|CARE]]|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> == Usoro iheomume == === Juun === N'etiti ọnwa Juun, ụmụ amaala gafee mba ahụ malitere inwe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, nke mere ka idei mmiri, mebie ihe, na ndị nwụrụ anwụ.<ref name='midJune'>{{cite web |title=Niger - Floods (NOAA-CPC, FloodList, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 16 August 2021) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-floods-noaa-cpc-floodlist-media-echo-daily-flash-16-august-2021 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=[[Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations]] (ECHO) |access-date=28 April 2026 |date=16 August 2021}}</ref> === Julaị === N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Julaị, ndị ọchịchị mba na Niger kọrọ na mmadụ iri atọ na ise nwụrụ n'ihi idei mmiri na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na mba ahụ kemgbe mmalite oge mmiri ozuzo. Ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri abụọ nwụrụ site na ụlọ dara, ebe mmadụ iri na ise nwụrụ na idei mmiri. Mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ merụkwara ahụ, ebe ngụkọta nke mmadụ 26,532 metụtara. Ka ọ dịgodị, e bibiri ihe karịrị ụlọ 2,500 na ebe mgbaba, tinyere ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ alakụba, na ebe ọrụ. Ihe karịrị anụ ụlọ 700 nwụkwara.<ref name='floodlist2'>{{cite web|date=2 August 2021|title=Niger – Floods Leave Over 30 Dead, Thousands of Homes Destroyed|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-leave-over-30-dead-thousands-of-homes-destroyed|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> === Ọgọstụ === N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, idei mmiri nke dakwasịrị obodo Agadez kpochapụrụ mmadụ asatọ.<ref name='floodlist'>{{cite web|date=26 August 2021|title=Niger – Flooding Reported in All Regions, Over 60 Dead and 100,000 Affected|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-flood-update-august-2021|website=FloodList|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nchekwa obodo na Niger kọrọ na mmadụ iri ise na abụọ nwụrụ na ihe karịrị mmadụ iri ise, ihe karịrị mmadụ puku ise, narị isii na iri isii na anọ metụtara ya. Idei mmiri na mmiri ozuzo emebiwo ụlọ 4,137 na ihe dị ka 300 mebiri kpamkpam. Isi obodo, Niamey, hụrụ nnukwu mmiri ozuzo site na August 10 ruo 11, na-egbu mmadụ ise. Idei mmiri mebiri okporo ụzọ, akụrụngwa, na ụlọ. A hapụrụ mpaghara ụfọdụ n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ihe dị ka ụlọ iri na asaa dara na mpaghara Yantala, ebe mmadụ atọ nwụrụ, otu furu efu, abụọ merụkwara ahụ nke ukwuu.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 August 2021|title=Niger – 5 Killed in Niamey Flash Floods|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-flash-floods-niamey-august-2021|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 August 2021|title=Niger: Heavy rains cause several deaths in Niamey|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/13/niger-heavy-rains-cause-several-deaths-in-niamey//|work=[[Africanews]]|access-date=29 August 2021|archive-date=18 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218064836/https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/13/niger-heavy-rains-cause-several-deaths-in-niamey/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ụbọchị sochirinụ, ọnụọgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ rịgooro ruo iri ise na ise, ebe mmadụ puku iri ise na atọ ndị ọzọ hapụrụ ebe obibi ha. Iju mmiri ma ọ bụ mbuze ala emebiela ihe karịrị puku anọ na narị asatọ n'ụlọ, ma tụfuo ihe dị ka narị ehi itoolu. Mpaghara Maradi na Agadez, tinyere isi obodo bụ Niamey, bụ ebe ndị ihe kacha metụta, ebe mmadụ iri na isii nwụrụ. N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, mmadụ itoolu ọzọ nwụrụ, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụnụ ruo 64. Mmadụ iri atọ na abụọ nwụrụ mgbe ụlọ ha dara, mmiri riri mmadụ iri atọ na atọ ọzọ. Idei mmiri na mbuze ala emetụtala ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 70,000 n'ozuzu, ihe karịrị ụlọ 5,100 mebiri ma ọ bụ mebie na mmadụ 69,515 metụtara. Na Niamey, mmadụ isii anwụọla. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụnụ belatara ruo iri isii na abụọ. Ụfọdụ nwụrụ n'ihi mmiri ozuzo, ebe ndị ọzọ nwụrụ n'ihe owuwu dara. Idei mmiri ahụ metụtara ihe karịrị 100,000 mmadụ. Ọtụtụ puku ụlọ mebiri, na-akpata ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Na Niamey, ngụkọta ụlọ 741 mebiri ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 16 nwụrụ. Na mpaghara Maradi, mmadụ 18 nwụrụ na ngụkọta nke ụlọ 3,243 mebiri. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịkarịa ala ụlọ 2,354 mebiri na mpaghara Zinder, ebe 1,040 nọ na mpaghara Tahoua. E dekọrọ idei mmiri na obodo 413 na-agafe obodo 77 na mpaghara niile nke Niger.<ref name="reliefweb">{{cite web|date=27 August 2021|title=Niger - Floods and Cholera outbreak (ANP, UN OCHA, NOAA-CPC, FloodList, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 27 August 2021)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-floods-and-cholera-outbreak-anp-un-ocha-noaa-cpc-floodlist-media-echo-daily-flash|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO)|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, idei mmiri metụtara ihe karịrị mmadụ iri na ise na asatọ nke gburu mmadụ iri isii na asaa ma bibie ihe dịka hekta puku atọ nke ala ugbo. Pasent iri anọ na ise nke ndị metụtara nọ na mpaghara Maradi.<ref name="augthirthy">{{cite web |title= WFP Niger Country Brief – August 2021 |url= https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/wfp-niger-country-brief-august-2021 |publisher= [[World Food Programme]] (WFP) |website= ReliefWeb |date= 31 August 2021 |access-date= 27 April 2026}}</ref> === Septemba === N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Septemba, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Ọha na Nchịkwa Ọdachi kọrọ na mmadụ iri asaa na asaa anwụọla ma ihe karịrị mmadụ narị abụọ na iri asatọ metụtara. Kemgbe mmalite oge mmiri ozuzo, ụlọ 12,000 dara, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ hekta 6,000 nke ala a na-akọ ugbo jupụtara na mmiri, ihe karịrị 10,000 anụ ụlọ anwụọla. Enweghị mmelite ọzọ a tọhapụrụ. N'ozuzu, dị ka akụkọ enyemaka UNICEF kwa afọ maka Niger si kwuo, ngụkọta nke mmadụ 250,331 metụtara idei mmiri ahụ, gụnyere mmadụ 77 nwụrụ. Mpaghara ndị kachasị emetụta bụ Maradi (104,032 metụtara), Zinder (29,635 metụtara), na Tahoua (25,663 metụtara). Site na Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM), UNICEF nyere enyemaka mberede maka ndị mmadụ metụtara na mpaghara idei mmiri metụtara. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == Ebe ọ bụ na Niger na-enwekarị idei mmiri n'Oké mmiri ozuzo ya kwa afọ site n'ọnwa Junn ruo ruo ọnwa Septemba, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo bụ isi ihe kpatara idei mmiri nke mba ahụ. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-enye aka gụnyere mgbochi nke ọwa mmiri, [[Idei mmiri|osimiri na-asọba]], ịhapụ mmiri site na ihe mgbochi mmiri, na dicks na-agbawa. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke idei mmiri kachasị gbuo mmadụ * Ndepụta nke idei mmiri == Edensịbịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  {{2021 floods}}{{Floods in Africa}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gmdgzvt974817vxxa2e2492tbazzula 727606 727604 2026-09-24T12:32:01Z NiferO 20385 727606 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  N'afọ 2021, mba Niger nwetara idei mmiri ugboro ugboro nke oke mmiri ozuzo kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ ọtụtụ mmadụ na nnukwu mbibi n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ. Idei mmiri ndị a kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 77 ma metụta mmadụ 250,331 n'ofe mba ahụ. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Niger enweela idei mmiri ugboro ugboro na nke siri ike n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọkachasị n'oge mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ. N'afọ [[Iju Mmiri nke Niger na 2016|2016]], idei mmiri kpatara ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọnwụ iri atọ na ise<ref>{{cite news |title=38 dead, 92,000 left homeless by Niger floods |url=https://www.rappler.com/world/africa/145550-niger-floods-casualties-homeless/ |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=[[Rappler]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=8 September 2016}}</ref> ma metụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 123,000, na mpaghara ndị dị ka Maradi, Tahoua, na Agadez n'etiti ndị kachasị emetụta.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bulletin humanitaire Niger - août 2016 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/bulletin-humanitaire-niger-ao-t-2016 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA) |access-date=29 August 2021 |language=French |date=6 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bulletin humanitaire Niger - septembre - octobre 2016 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/bulletin-humanitaire-niger-septembre-octobre-2016 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 April 2026 |language=French |date=20 October 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, idei mmiri mere n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 56 na mbata zuru ebe niile, na-emetụta mmadụ 206,513,<ref>{{cite web|date=19 June 2017|title=Niger – Floods in Niamey and Tillabéri Leave 14 Dead, Hundreds of Homes Destroyed|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-niamey-tillaberi-june-2017|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=31 August 2017|title=Niger – Deadly Floods in Niamey, 200 Homes Destroyed|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-niamey-august-2017|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West and Central Africa: 2017 flood impact (as of 18 Oct 2017) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/west-and-central-africa-2017-flood-impact-18-oct-2017 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 April 2026 |date=19 October 2017}}</ref> ebe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na 2018 kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 45 ma metụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 200,000, na-ebibi ọtụtụ puku ụlọ, ala ugbo, na anụ ụlọ.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 October 2018|title=West and Central Africa: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (2 - 8 October 2018)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/west-and-central-africa-weekly-regional-humanitarian-snapshot-2-8-october-2018|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Idei mmiri dị otú ahụ gara n'ihu na 2019, na-emetụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 211,000 ma na-akpata ọnwụ 57.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 September 2019|title=Niger: Situation Report, 26 Sep 2019|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-situation-report-26-sep-2019|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Ọnọdụ ahụ kara njọ na 2020, mgbe idei mmiri gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 73 ma metụta ihe karịrị mmadụ 400,000 ndị ọzọ, na-akpata nnukwu nsogbu enyemaka.<ref name='toll'>{{cite news|date=12 August 2021|title=Niger's flood death toll rises to 55|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-niger-s-flood-death-toll-rises-to-55|work=[[France 24]]|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Mmiri ozuzo zuru ebe niile na osimiri ndị na-asọba na-eduga na mbibi nke ọtụtụ iri puku ụlọ na nnukwu mfu ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=The Niger - 2020 Floods: Urgent call for assistance |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-2020-floods-urgent-call-assistance-october-2020 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO) |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Osimiri ndị dị mkpa na ihe mgbochi mmiri ruru ọkwa dị ize ndụ, ọkachasị gburugburu Niamey, na-akpata nnukwu mgbanwe.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title=Flood in Niger |url=https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/activations/-/article/flood-large-in-niger-activation-677- |website=[[International Charter Space and Major Disasters]] |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Idei mmiri ahụ emeela ka Osimiri Niger, ihe mgbochi mmiri na dicks gbajie ma nnukwu mmiri kpuchie ụlọ ndị mmadụ, ugbo, na ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'ebughị ụzọ dọọ aka ná ntị.<ref name='cause'>{{cite web|date=15 September 2020|title=Niger flooding causes over 36,000 houses to collapse|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-flooding-causes-over-36000-houses-collapse|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=[[CARE International|CARE]]|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> == Usoro iheomume == === Juun === N'etiti ọnwa Juun, ụmụ amaala gafee mba ahụ malitere inwe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, nke mere ka idei mmiri, mebie ihe, na ndị nwụrụ anwụ.<ref name='midJune'>{{cite web |title=Niger - Floods (NOAA-CPC, FloodList, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 16 August 2021) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-floods-noaa-cpc-floodlist-media-echo-daily-flash-16-august-2021 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=[[Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations]] (ECHO) |access-date=28 April 2026 |date=16 August 2021}}</ref> === Julaị === N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Julaị, ndị ọchịchị mba na Niger kọrọ na mmadụ iri atọ na ise nwụrụ n'ihi idei mmiri na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na mba ahụ kemgbe mmalite oge mmiri ozuzo. Ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri abụọ nwụrụ site na ụlọ dara, ebe mmadụ iri na ise nwụrụ na idei mmiri. Mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ merụkwara ahụ, ebe ngụkọta nke mmadụ 26,532 metụtara. Ka ọ dịgodị, e bibiri ihe karịrị ụlọ 2,500 na ebe mgbaba, tinyere ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ alakụba, na ebe ọrụ. Ihe karịrị anụ ụlọ 700 nwụkwara.<ref name='floodlist2'>{{cite web|date=2 August 2021|title=Niger – Floods Leave Over 30 Dead, Thousands of Homes Destroyed|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-leave-over-30-dead-thousands-of-homes-destroyed|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> === Ọgọstụ === N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, idei mmiri nke dakwasịrị obodo Agadez kpochapụrụ mmadụ asatọ.<ref name='floodlist'>{{cite web|date=26 August 2021|title=Niger – Flooding Reported in All Regions, Over 60 Dead and 100,000 Affected|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-flood-update-august-2021|website=FloodList|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nchekwa obodo na Niger kọrọ na mmadụ iri ise na abụọ nwụrụ na ihe karịrị mmadụ iri ise, ihe karịrị mmadụ puku ise, narị isii na iri isii na anọ metụtara ya. Idei mmiri na mmiri ozuzo emebiwo ụlọ 4,137 na ihe dị ka 300 mebiri kpamkpam. Isi obodo, Niamey, hụrụ nnukwu mmiri ozuzo site na August 10 ruo 11, na-egbu mmadụ ise. Idei mmiri mebiri okporo ụzọ, akụrụngwa, na ụlọ. A hapụrụ mpaghara ụfọdụ n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ihe dị ka ụlọ iri na asaa dara na mpaghara Yantala, ebe mmadụ atọ nwụrụ, otu furu efu, abụọ merụkwara ahụ nke ukwuu.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 August 2021|title=Niger – 5 Killed in Niamey Flash Floods|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-flash-floods-niamey-august-2021|website=FloodList|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 August 2021|title=Niger: Heavy rains cause several deaths in Niamey|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/13/niger-heavy-rains-cause-several-deaths-in-niamey//|work=[[Africanews]]|access-date=29 August 2021|archive-date=18 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218064836/https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/13/niger-heavy-rains-cause-several-deaths-in-niamey/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ụbọchị sochirinụ, ọnụọgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ rịgooro ruo iri ise na ise, ebe mmadụ puku iri ise na atọ ndị ọzọ hapụrụ ebe obibi ha. Iju mmiri ma ọ bụ mbuze ala emebiela ihe karịrị puku anọ na narị asatọ n'ụlọ, ma tụfuo ihe dị ka narị ehi itoolu. Mpaghara Maradi na Agadez, tinyere isi obodo bụ Niamey, bụ ebe ndị ihe kacha metụta, ebe mmadụ iri na isii nwụrụ. N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, mmadụ itoolu ọzọ nwụrụ, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụnụ ruo 64. Mmadụ iri atọ na abụọ nwụrụ mgbe ụlọ ha dara, mmiri riri mmadụ iri atọ na atọ ọzọ. Idei mmiri na mbuze ala emetụtala ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 70,000 n'ozuzu, ihe karịrị ụlọ 5,100 mebiri ma ọ bụ mebie na mmadụ 69,515 metụtara. Na Niamey, mmadụ isii anwụọla. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụnụ belatara ruo iri isii na abụọ. Ụfọdụ nwụrụ n'ihi mmiri ozuzo, ebe ndị ọzọ nwụrụ n'ihe owuwu dara. Idei mmiri ahụ metụtara ihe karịrị 100,000 mmadụ. Ọtụtụ puku ụlọ mebiri, na-akpata ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Na Niamey, ngụkọta ụlọ 741 mebiri ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 16 nwụrụ. Na mpaghara Maradi, mmadụ 18 nwụrụ na ngụkọta nke ụlọ 3,243 mebiri. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịkarịa ala ụlọ 2,354 mebiri na mpaghara Zinder, ebe 1,040 nọ na mpaghara Tahoua. E dekọrọ idei mmiri na obodo 413 na-agafe obodo 77 na mpaghara niile nke Niger.<ref name="reliefweb">{{cite web|date=27 August 2021|title=Niger - Floods and Cholera outbreak (ANP, UN OCHA, NOAA-CPC, FloodList, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 27 August 2021)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-floods-and-cholera-outbreak-anp-un-ocha-noaa-cpc-floodlist-media-echo-daily-flash|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO)|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, idei mmiri metụtara ihe karịrị mmadụ iri na ise na asatọ nke gburu mmadụ iri isii na asaa ma bibie ihe dịka hekta puku atọ nke ala ugbo. Pasent iri anọ na ise nke ndị metụtara nọ na mpaghara Maradi.<ref name="augthirthy">{{cite web |title= WFP Niger Country Brief – August 2021 |url= https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/wfp-niger-country-brief-august-2021 |publisher= [[World Food Programme]] (WFP) |website= ReliefWeb |date= 31 August 2021 |access-date= 27 April 2026}}</ref> === Septemba === N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Septemba, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Ọha na Nchịkwa Ọdachi kọrọ na mmadụ iri asaa na asaa anwụọla ma ihe karịrị mmadụ narị abụọ na iri asatọ metụtara. Kemgbe mmalite oge mmiri ozuzo, ụlọ 12,000 dara, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ hekta 6,000 nke ala a na-akọ ugbo jupụtara na mmiri, ihe karịrị 10,000 anụ ụlọ anwụọla.<ref>{{cite web |title= West and Central Africa: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (21–27 September 2021) |url= https://reliefweb.int/report/cameroon/west-and-central-africa-weekly-regional-humanitarian-snapshot-21-27-september-2021 |website= ReliefWeb |publisher= United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |date= 29 September 2021 |access-date= 27 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Responding to floods in Niger |url=https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/niger/responding-floods-niger#:~:text=UN%20CERF%20funding%20helps%20to,floods%20and%20cholera%20in%20Niger. |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 April 2026 |date=2021}}</ref> Enweghị mmelite ọzọ a tọhapụrụ. N'ozuzu, dị ka akụkọ enyemaka UNICEF kwa afọ maka Niger si kwuo, ngụkọta nke mmadụ 250,331 metụtara idei mmiri ahụ, gụnyere mmadụ 77 nwụrụ. Mpaghara ndị kachasị emetụta bụ Maradi (104,032 metụtara), Zinder (29,635 metụtara), na Tahoua (25,663 metụtara). Site na Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM), UNICEF nyere enyemaka mberede maka ndị mmadụ metụtara na mpaghara idei mmiri metụtara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger Humanitarian Situation Report No. 4, End of Year 2021 |url=https://www.unicef.org/media/116641/file/Niger%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%204%2C%20End%20of%20Year%202021.pdf |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |access-date=27 April 2026}}</ref> == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == Ebe ọ bụ na Niger na-enwekarị idei mmiri n'Oké mmiri ozuzo ya kwa afọ site n'ọnwa Junn ruo ruo ọnwa Septemba, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo bụ isi ihe kpatara idei mmiri nke mba ahụ. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-enye aka gụnyere mgbochi nke ọwa mmiri, [[Idei mmiri|osimiri na-asọba]], ịhapụ mmiri site na ihe mgbochi mmiri, na dicks na-agbawa. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke idei mmiri kachasị gbuo mmadụ * Ndepụta nke idei mmiri == Edensịbịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  {{2021 floods}}{{Floods in Africa}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 45zxeas2xvnj1vmy8jro96ppinjm70k 0 80698 727600 727570 2026-09-24T12:03:44Z NiferO 20385 727600 wikitext text/x-wiki Mmiri ozuzo siri ike nke na-ezo mgbe niile n'ọtụtụ akụkụ Sudan, malite na mbido ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013, kpatara mmebi sitere n'idei mmiri n'opekata mpe steeti iri na anọ n'ime steeti iri na asatọ dị na mba ahụ. A kọrọ na ihe karịrị mmadụ puku narị atọ nwere nsogbu n'ihi nke a, ma bibie ihe karịrị ụlọ puku iri abụọ na ise. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-akọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ iri ise anwụọla. == Idei Mmiri == Ka ọ na-erule ụbọchị 22 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013, Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) kọrọ na mmadụ ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ruru puku narị atọ na iri abụọ (320,000) emetụtala.<ref name=aljazeera>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/08/2013823113149149635.html |title=Floods affect 300,000 across Sudan |date=23 August 2013 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |access-date=24 August 2013}}</ref> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, WHO mere atụmatụ na a manyere ihe dị ka mmadụ 250,000 ịpụ n'ụlọ ha, ebe [[Ministry of Health (Sudan)|Ministri ahụike]] kọrọ na mmadụ iri anọ na ise nwụrụ na mmadụ iri asaa merụrụ ahụ.<ref name=WHOsitrep2>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/hac/crises/sdn/sudanfloods2013sitrep2.pdf| title=Sudan floods situation report No. 2 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |date=19 August 2013 | format=pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014163705/https://www.who.int/hac/crises/sdn/sudanfloods2013sitrep2.pdf| archive-date=14 October 2013| access-date=24 August 2013}}</ref> A kọrọ na ihe onwunwe mebiri emebi na 14 n'ime steeti 18 nke Sudan na WHO kwupụtara nchegbu banyere mmetụta ahụike ọha na eze nke ọdịda nke ụlọ mposi 53,000.<ref name="aljazeera" /> Idei mmiri na-aga n'ihu na-eweta ihe ize ndụ na ngwụcha ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 2013. <ref name="WHOsitrep2" /> Steeti ndị metụtara bụ Khartoum, Northern, River Nile, Gezira, Red Sea, Sennar, North Kordofan, Gedaref, North Darfur, Blue Nile, White Nile na South Darfur, Kassala, na South Kordofan dị ka Ministry of Health si kwuo. Kọmitii Enyemaka Enyemaka Ndị Mmadụ na-akọ akụkọ ọzọ metụtara ndị bi na Abyei na West Kordofan.<ref name=unochaflash22Aug2013>{{cite web |url=http://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-flash-update-august-22-2013-issue-6 |title=Sudan: Flash Update August 22, 2013 (issue # 6)|date=22 August 2013 |website=reliefweb.int |publisher=UN [[Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |access-date=24 August 2013}}</ref> A kọrọ na isi obodo Khartoum na-ata ahụhụ idei mmiri kachasị njọ n'ime afọ 25, mgbe idei mmiri mberede dakwasịrị obodo ukwu na mbido Ọgọst. Ọ bụ ezie na Khartoum nwere ike ịdaba na idei mmiri n'ihi mmiri na-adịghị mma na Atụmatụ obodo, idei mmiri nke afọ 2013 siri ike.<ref name=sudantribune>{{cite web |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article47742 |title=WHO puts number of Sudan flood victims at 320,000 |date=21 August 2013 |publisher=[[Sudan Tribune]] |access-date=24 August 2013}}</ref> A kọrọ na ihe karịrị ụlọ 15,000 na Khartoum mebiri emebi, ọtụtụ puku ndị ọzọ mebiri emebie.<ref name=guardian>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/aug/23/sudan-floods-worst-25-years |title=Sudan's worst floods for 25 years leave 500,000 facing destruction and disease |first=Mark |last=Tran |date=23 August 2013 |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 August 2013}}</ref> Mmebi kachasị na Khartoum mere na [[Shar El-neel]], [[Ombadah]], na [[Karari]]<ref name=WHOsitrep1>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/hac/crises/sdn/sudanfloods2013sitrep1.pdf |title=Sudan floods situation report No. 1 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |date=14 August 2013 |format=pdf |access-date=24 August 2013 }}{{dead link|date=December 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Na Blue Nile, idei mmiri sitere na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo bibiri ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ 12,000 na [[Damazine]], [[El Roseires]], [[Giessan]], na [[Bau, Sudan|Bau]], ebe Damazine kọrọ na ọ bụ ya mebiri emebi. == Ọdịiche dị na ọnụ ọgụgụ a kọrọ == Enwere ọdịiche dị n'ọnụọgụ ndị ihe a metụtara nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche nke Sudan nyere. Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ahụike na-eme atụmatụ na ezinụlọ 66,895 ka ihe a metụtara, ebe Kọmịshọn Na-ahụ Maka Enyemaka Mmadụ (HAC) na-eme atụmatụ na ọ bụ ezinụlọ 105,964, dịka ọnọdụ dị na ụbọchị 22 nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013. Ọ bụrụ na a gụọ mmadụ ise n'ime ezinụlọ ọ bụla na Sudan, atụmatụ HAC ahụ na-egosi na e nwere mmadụ 530,000 ihe a metụtara. == Nzaghachi == Gọọmentị Sudan na-eduga ma na-ahazi nzaghachi mberede. Kọmitii Enyemaka Mmadụ mere ka National Flood Task Force rụọ ọrụ na 18 n'ọnwa Ọgọst. E nweela nkatọ ọha na eze banyere nzaghachi gọọmentị. MP [[Al-Fadil Hag Suleima]], onye isi nke kọmitii ndị omeiwu na Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi, boro gọọmentị Omar al-Bashir ebubo ileghara anya na nzaghachi ya maka idei mmiri ahụ, ma kwuo na gọọmentị steeti ahụ na-achọta ụlọ na ala idei mmiri maka uru ego. Ndị na-ede blọgụ na Sudan akatọwo nke ukwuu, na-ebo gọọmentị steeti Khartoum ebubo na ha na-ewe ụlọ ọrụ ndị jikọtara ha na National Congress Party na-achị iji wuo ụlọ nsị na akụrụngwa na-akụ afọ n'ala. Na nzaghachi, ndị minista steeti abụọ nke Khartoum boro ndị na-ede blọgụ Facebook ebubo na ha bụ "ndị na-abụghị ndị okpukpe" ekwenyeghị na "omume Chineke".<ref name=accuse>{{cite web |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article47556 |title=Sudanese lawmaker accuses government of negligence in wake of deadly floods |date=5 August 2013 |publisher=[[Sudan Tribune]] |access-date=24 August 2013}}</ref> A na-ahụ mkpesa ọha na eze maka nzaghachi gọọmentị dị ka inye ume ọhụrụ maka mgbalị iji kpalie "Arab Spring-style uprising".<ref name=underfire>{{cite web |url=http://www.trust.org/item/20130807112241-w9zoh/ |title=Sudan government under fire as flash floods kill 11, displace 100,000 |last1=Migiro |first1=Kathy |date=7 August 2013 |website=trust.org |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters Foundation]] |access-date=24 August 2013 |archive-date=28 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228081207/http://www.trust.org/item/20130807112241-w9zoh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Morocco]], [[Qatar]], [[United Arab Emirates]], United States, South Korea, [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]], Germany, Japan na Egypt ekwewo nkwa enyemaka maka ndị idei mmiri metụtara. N'ịzaghachi idei mmiri ahụ, e guzobere otu ndị ntorobịa na-eduzi nke a na-akpọ "Nafeer" iji nyere ndị ahụ merụrụ ahụ aka.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.alrakoba.net/news-action-show-id-136809.htm |script-title=ar:نفير. . . حوادث . . . بدون حدود . . . عديييل |first= |last= |work=Alrakoba |year=2014 |access-date=11 July 2014|language=ar}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   * 2007 Iju Mmiri nke Sudan * Idei mmiri nke Sudan na 2018 * Idei mmiri nke 2020 na Sudan * Idei mmiri nke 2022 na Sudan * Idei mmiri nke 2024 na Sudan == Edensịbịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == * Idei mmiri Sudan na 2013 na OpenStreetMap * Iju Mmiri nke Khartoum na crowdmap.com {{Floods in Africa}} ij4m9d3buapbkt0fpo4e4e58yg2cxvj 0 80708 727609 726041 2026-09-24T12:46:12Z NiferO 20385 727609 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ọkụ ọhịa [[Algeria]] nke afọ 2021 bụ ọtụtụ ọkụ ọhịa nke mere na mpaghara Kabylia nke Algeria kemgbe 9 ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, nke gburu mmadụ 90,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Algerian journalist, others detained in growing crackdown |url=https://www.wsbradio.com/news/world/algerian-journalist/QPH7L7CAK36XEPDR7SDVPXPQ3I/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=95.5 WSB |language=en}}</ref> gụnyere ndị nkịtị 57 na ndị agha 33.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/15/algerian-wildfires-still-raging-death-toll-hits-90-including-33-soldiers/|title=Algerian wildfires still raging, death toll hits 90 including 33 soldiers|work=Africa News|date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Ndị agha ahụ nwụrụ mgbe ha tọrọ n'ime ọkụ ahụ n'oge ọrụ nnapụta.<ref>{{cite news |title=Algeria forest fires: At least 65 people killed as fires spread|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58174918|access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=BBC News |publisher=BBC News |date=11 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Incendi, 38 morti in Algeria |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/10/incendi-38-morti-in-algeria_1c1dd4d9-d9b8-4c6d-952f-c17eb1bd67f6.html |access-date=10 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=10 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-11|title=At least 65 killed in Algerian wildfires|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algeria-wildfire-toll-rises-65-state-television-says-2021-08-11/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Incendi in Algeria, i morti aumentano a 65 |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/11/incendi-in-algeria-i-morti-aumentano-a-65_4e15a3fe-54e5-4e01-b02e-e8daef1a44d5.html |access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=11 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ malitere na mpaghara Kabylia na ebe ndị ọzọ, ndị ọchịchị Algeria zigakwara ndị agha iji nyere ụmụ amaala aka na ọkụ na mwepụ. Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ gbara osisi Mediterenian, bibie osisi oliv ma gbuo ehi na ọkụkọ. Ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị anya nwere obere mmiri. Ụfọdụ ndị obodo gbapụrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ gbalịrị igbochi ọkụ ahụ n'onwe ha, jiri bọket, alaka na ngwa ọrụ ndị ọzọ, n'ihi na enweghị ụgbọelu ndị na-agba ọkụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Onye isi ala Abdelmadjid Tebboune kwuru n'okwu ihu na ihu na telivishọn steeti na "aka ndị omempụ nọ n'azụ ọtụtụ" ọkụ ahụ nakwa na e jidere mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ.<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite news |date=13 August 2021 |title=Algeria arrests 22 suspected arsonists over deadly blazes |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/13/algeria-arrests-22-suspected-arsonists-over-blazes}}</ref> ógbè ụbọchị asaa gachara, ndị otu nchekwa obodo enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanyụ ọkụ ọhịa 41 na mpaghara itoolu n'ime awa 24 gara aga,<ref>{{Cite news |last=KHALEF |first=Fatiha |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction de 41 feux de forêts dans plusieurs wilayas |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816130532/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> ma kọọ mgbanyụ ọkụ zuru oke na Annaba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction totale des incendies à d'Annaba |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055701/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, a gbanyụrụ ọkụ ọhịa niile dị na Jijel na Sétif. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Ọfịs Onye isi ala kwuru na "ibu ọrụ kachasị" MAK ọkụ ahụ dị n'aka otu ndị Alakụba Rachad na MAK, otu ndị na-achị onwe ha nke na-achọ ikewa mpaghara agbụrụ Berber nke Kabyle na Algeria ndị ọzọ, na "nkwado na enyemaka sitere n'aka ndị otu mba ọzọ, ọkachasị Morocco na ndị Zionist", na-ezo aka na Israel . Ihe mere n'ụgbọ mmiri Algeria na Israel n'afọ 2021 mere n'oge ọkụ ọhịa ndị a na 27 n'ọnwa Septemba. == Ndị nwụrụnụ == Akụkọ sitere na Sonelgaz kpughere na ngụkọta 610 km (380 mi) nke netwọk eletrik na ihe na-erughị 710 ụlọ ọrụ mebiri site na ọkụ na Tizi Ouzou Province. The Local Direction of Agricultural Services (DSA) kọrọ na 5,193 hectare nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi na 19,178 anụ ụlọ gbara ọkụ. Ndị injinia sitere na Technical Construction Control body (CTC) nyochara ụlọ 1,705 ọkụ ahụ mebiri. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2022, ụlọ ọrụ Algeria Directorate General of Forests (DGF) kọrọ na ọkụ gbara ihe karịrị 100,000 hekta (250,000 acres) nke ahịhịa n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2021, na ọkụ ọkụ 1,631 e dekọrọ na 21 wilayas. Nchịkọta nke ebe ndị metụtara dị ka ndị a: * Oké ọhịa: 260,135 hekta (642,810 acres) (26% nke ngụkọta mpaghara) * Osisi: 21,040 hekta (52,000 acres) (21.5%) * Scrub: 16,415 hekta (40,560 acres) (16.5%) * Osisi mkpụrụ osisi: 16,160 hekta (39,900 acres) (36%) * Esparto: 352 hekta (870 acres) (0.5%) <div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọrịa na-efe efe metụtara !Wilaya !Ntiwapụ |- |Tizi Ouzou |241 |- |Jijel |164 |- |Skikda |125 |- |Bejaia |112 |- |Tipasa |97 |- |Bouira |86 |- |El Tarf |82 |- |Medea |66 |- |Ugboro ọnụ |63 |- |Oum El Bouaghi |56 |} </div><div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọ na-emetụta site na hekta !Wilaya !Hectare |- |Tizi Ouzou |43,398 |- |Bejaia |13,174 |- |Khenchela |9,837 |- |Guelma |5,927 |- |El Tarf |5,090 |- |Annaba |5,024 |} </div> == Ogbugbu nke Djamel Ben Ismail == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  Djamel Ben Ismail, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze si Miliana, bụ onye otu ìgwè mmadụ ji obi ọjọọ gbuo ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ọkụ malitere na Tizi Ouzou. Na mbụ, e boro ya ebubo ịgba ọkụ n'enweghị ihe akaebe. Vidio na-egosi mwakpo ahụ a wakporo Ben Ismail gbasara n'ịntanetị, na-egosi nkeji ikpeazụ ya ka a gbara ya ọkụ ma gbuo ya maka ọrụ a na-ebo ya. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-eji mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta mara ya dị ka onye omenkà a ma ama nke nọ n'ógbè ahụ iji nyere ndị bi na ya aka ịkwụsị ọkụ ahụ. N'ime vidiyo ahụ, Ben Ismail na-arịọ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ arịrịọ, na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro na o nweghị aka n'ọkụ ndị ahụ na-ere n'ọhịa. Ụfọdụ ndị nọ n'ìgwè ahụ na-eti mkpu okwu mkparị na nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ megide ya, dị ka "sale arabe," nke pụtara "Onye Arab ruru unyi" n'asụsụ French. E kwenyere na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu a na-eme ihe ike, bụ́ ndị pụtara na vidiyo ahụ, nwere njikọ na MAK—otu ndị ọchịchị Algeria boro ebubo na ha nwere ebumnuche ịchọ nkewa nakwa na ha na-akwado echiche megide ndị Arab. N'ihi nke a,  E kwenyere nke ukwuu na Ben Ismail enweghị ikpe n'ezie.  Directorate General for National Security (DGSN) kwupụtara njide nke ndị 36 a na-enyo enyo, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị 3, na-etinye aka na ogbugbu Ben Ismail na Larbaâ Nath Irathen, Tizi Ouzou. N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, DGSN wepụtara vidiyo gụnyere nkwupụta sitere n'aka ndị ọhụrụ a na-enyo enyo e jidere n'ihe metụtara ikpe ahụ. Ụlọ ikpe mpụ nke Dar El Beida mara mmadụ iri anọ na itoolu ikpe ọnwụ maka igbu ọchụ na igbu ọchukwu nke Ben Ismail. == Edensibịa == {{2021 wildfires}} == Hụkwa == * 2022 Ọkụ ọhịa na Morocco [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c2rom910ybeyidao2w7c9b1gcwofpxn 727611 727609 2026-09-24T12:51:49Z NiferO 20385 727611 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ọkụ ọhịa [[Algeria]] nke afọ 2021 bụ ọtụtụ ọkụ ọhịa nke mere na mpaghara Kabylia nke Algeria kemgbe 9 ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, nke gburu mmadụ 90,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Algerian journalist, others detained in growing crackdown |url=https://www.wsbradio.com/news/world/algerian-journalist/QPH7L7CAK36XEPDR7SDVPXPQ3I/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=95.5 WSB |language=en}}</ref> gụnyere ndị nkịtị 57 na ndị agha 33.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/15/algerian-wildfires-still-raging-death-toll-hits-90-including-33-soldiers/|title=Algerian wildfires still raging, death toll hits 90 including 33 soldiers|work=Africa News|date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Ndị agha ahụ nwụrụ mgbe ha tọrọ n'ime ọkụ ahụ n'oge ọrụ nnapụta.<ref>{{cite news |title=Algeria forest fires: At least 65 people killed as fires spread|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58174918|access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=BBC News |publisher=BBC News |date=11 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Incendi, 38 morti in Algeria |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/10/incendi-38-morti-in-algeria_1c1dd4d9-d9b8-4c6d-952f-c17eb1bd67f6.html |access-date=10 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=10 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-11|title=At least 65 killed in Algerian wildfires|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algeria-wildfire-toll-rises-65-state-television-says-2021-08-11/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Incendi in Algeria, i morti aumentano a 65 |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/11/incendi-in-algeria-i-morti-aumentano-a-65_4e15a3fe-54e5-4e01-b02e-e8daef1a44d5.html |access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=11 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ malitere na mpaghara Kabylia na ebe ndị ọzọ, ndị ọchịchị Algeria zigakwara ndị agha iji nyere ụmụ amaala aka na ọkụ na mwepụ. Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ gbara osisi Mediterenian, bibie osisi oliv ma gbuo ehi na ọkụkọ. Ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị anya nwere obere mmiri. Ụfọdụ ndị obodo gbapụrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ gbalịrị igbochi ọkụ ahụ n'onwe ha, jiri bọket, alaka na ngwa ọrụ ndị ọzọ, n'ihi na enweghị ụgbọelu ndị na-agba ọkụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Onye isi ala Abdelmadjid Tebboune kwuru n'okwu ihu na ihu na telivishọn steeti na "aka ndị omempụ nọ n'azụ ọtụtụ" ọkụ ahụ nakwa na e jidere mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ.<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite news |date=13 August 2021 |title=Algeria arrests 22 suspected arsonists over deadly blazes |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/13/algeria-arrests-22-suspected-arsonists-over-blazes}}</ref> ógbè ụbọchị asaa gachara, ndị otu nchekwa obodo enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanyụ ọkụ ọhịa 41 na mpaghara itoolu n'ime awa 24 gara aga,<ref>{{Cite news |last=KHALEF |first=Fatiha |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction de 41 feux de forêts dans plusieurs wilayas |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816130532/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> ma kọọ mgbanyụ ọkụ zuru oke na Annaba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction totale des incendies à d'Annaba |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055701/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, a gbanyụrụ ọkụ ọhịa niile dị na Jijel na Sétif.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 17, 2021 |title=Extinction de tous les incendies de forêt à Jijel |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126287-extinction-de-tous-les-incendies-de-foret-a-jijel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055654/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126287-extinction-de-tous-les-incendies-de-foret-a-jijel |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 17, 2021 |title=Sétif: extinction totale de tous les incendies de forêts |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126290-setif-extinction-totale-de-tous-les-incendies-de-forets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055658/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126290-setif-extinction-totale-de-tous-les-incendies-de-forets |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Ọfịs Onye isi ala kwuru na "ibu ọrụ kachasị" MAK ọkụ ahụ dị n'aka otu ndị Alakụba Rachad na MAK, otu ndị na-achị onwe ha nke na-achọ ikewa mpaghara agbụrụ Berber nke Kabyle na Algeria ndị ọzọ, na "nkwado na enyemaka sitere n'aka ndị otu mba ọzọ, ọkachasị Morocco na ndị Zionist", na-ezo aka na Israel.<ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |date=18 August 2021 |title=Algeria accuses groups it links to Morocco, Israel of setting wildfires |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algeria-accuses-groups-it-links-morocco-israel-setting-wildfires-2021-08-18/}}</ref><ref name="Africanews">{{cite news |date=18 August 2021 |title=Algeria accuses Morocco of involvement in its deadly fires, to "review" relations |work=Africanews |url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/18/algeria-accuses-morocco-of-involvement-in-its-deadly-fires-to-review-relations//}}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera3">{{cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=Algeria blames groups it links to Morocco, Israel for wildfires |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/19/algeria-review-relations-morocco-israel-wildfires}}</ref> Ihe mere n'ụgbọ mmiri Algeria na Israel n'afọ 2021 mere n'oge ọkụ ọhịa ndị a na 27 n'ọnwa Septemba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akramov |date=2021-10-01 |title=Ce que l'on sait de l'incident avec un sous-marin Israélien - |url=https://www.menadefense.net/algerie/ce-que-lon-sait-de-lincident-avec-un-sous-marin-israelien/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=MENADEFENSE |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ndị nwụrụnụ == Akụkọ sitere na Sonelgaz kpughere na ngụkọta 610 km (380 mi) nke netwọk eletrik na ihe na-erughị 710 ụlọ ọrụ mebiri site na ọkụ na Tizi Ouzou Province. The Local Direction of Agricultural Services (DSA) kọrọ na 5,193 hectare nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi na 19,178 anụ ụlọ gbara ọkụ. Ndị injinia sitere na Technical Construction Control body (CTC) nyochara ụlọ 1,705 ọkụ ahụ mebiri. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2022, ụlọ ọrụ Algeria Directorate General of Forests (DGF) kọrọ na ọkụ gbara ihe karịrị 100,000 hekta (250,000 acres) nke ahịhịa n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2021, na ọkụ ọkụ 1,631 e dekọrọ na 21 wilayas. Nchịkọta nke ebe ndị metụtara dị ka ndị a: * Oké ọhịa: 260,135 hekta (642,810 acres) (26% nke ngụkọta mpaghara) * Osisi: 21,040 hekta (52,000 acres) (21.5%) * Scrub: 16,415 hekta (40,560 acres) (16.5%) * Osisi mkpụrụ osisi: 16,160 hekta (39,900 acres) (36%) * Esparto: 352 hekta (870 acres) (0.5%) <div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọrịa na-efe efe metụtara !Wilaya !Ntiwapụ |- |Tizi Ouzou |241 |- |Jijel |164 |- |Skikda |125 |- |Bejaia |112 |- |Tipasa |97 |- |Bouira |86 |- |El Tarf |82 |- |Medea |66 |- |Ugboro ọnụ |63 |- |Oum El Bouaghi |56 |} </div><div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọ na-emetụta site na hekta !Wilaya !Hectare |- |Tizi Ouzou |43,398 |- |Bejaia |13,174 |- |Khenchela |9,837 |- |Guelma |5,927 |- |El Tarf |5,090 |- |Annaba |5,024 |} </div> == Ogbugbu nke Djamel Ben Ismail == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  Djamel Ben Ismail, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze si Miliana, bụ onye otu ìgwè mmadụ ji obi ọjọọ gbuo ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ọkụ malitere na Tizi Ouzou. Na mbụ, e boro ya ebubo ịgba ọkụ n'enweghị ihe akaebe. Vidio na-egosi mwakpo ahụ a wakporo Ben Ismail gbasara n'ịntanetị, na-egosi nkeji ikpeazụ ya ka a gbara ya ọkụ ma gbuo ya maka ọrụ a na-ebo ya. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-eji mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta mara ya dị ka onye omenkà a ma ama nke nọ n'ógbè ahụ iji nyere ndị bi na ya aka ịkwụsị ọkụ ahụ. N'ime vidiyo ahụ, Ben Ismail na-arịọ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ arịrịọ, na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro na o nweghị aka n'ọkụ ndị ahụ na-ere n'ọhịa. Ụfọdụ ndị nọ n'ìgwè ahụ na-eti mkpu okwu mkparị na nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ megide ya, dị ka "sale arabe," nke pụtara "Onye Arab ruru unyi" n'asụsụ French. E kwenyere na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu a na-eme ihe ike, bụ́ ndị pụtara na vidiyo ahụ, nwere njikọ na MAK—otu ndị ọchịchị Algeria boro ebubo na ha nwere ebumnuche ịchọ nkewa nakwa na ha na-akwado echiche megide ndị Arab. N'ihi nke a,  E kwenyere nke ukwuu na Ben Ismail enweghị ikpe n'ezie.  Directorate General for National Security (DGSN) kwupụtara njide nke ndị 36 a na-enyo enyo, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị 3, na-etinye aka na ogbugbu Ben Ismail na Larbaâ Nath Irathen, Tizi Ouzou. N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, DGSN wepụtara vidiyo gụnyere nkwupụta sitere n'aka ndị ọhụrụ a na-enyo enyo e jidere n'ihe metụtara ikpe ahụ. Ụlọ ikpe mpụ nke Dar El Beida mara mmadụ iri anọ na itoolu ikpe ọnwụ maka igbu ọchụ na igbu ọchukwu nke Ben Ismail. == Hụkwa == * 2022 Ọkụ ọhịa na Morocco == Edensịbịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kg9p9nqw7ggc4uv8v1uklobzr959y2v 727613 727611 2026-09-24T12:55:22Z NiferO 20385 727613 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ọkụ ọhịa [[Algeria]] nke afọ 2021 bụ ọtụtụ ọkụ ọhịa nke mere na mpaghara Kabylia nke Algeria kemgbe 9 ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, nke gburu mmadụ 90,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Algerian journalist, others detained in growing crackdown |url=https://www.wsbradio.com/news/world/algerian-journalist/QPH7L7CAK36XEPDR7SDVPXPQ3I/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=95.5 WSB |language=en}}</ref> gụnyere ndị nkịtị 57 na ndị agha 33.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/15/algerian-wildfires-still-raging-death-toll-hits-90-including-33-soldiers/|title=Algerian wildfires still raging, death toll hits 90 including 33 soldiers|work=Africa News|date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Ndị agha ahụ nwụrụ mgbe ha tọrọ n'ime ọkụ ahụ n'oge ọrụ nnapụta.<ref>{{cite news |title=Algeria forest fires: At least 65 people killed as fires spread|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58174918|access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=BBC News |publisher=BBC News |date=11 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Incendi, 38 morti in Algeria |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/10/incendi-38-morti-in-algeria_1c1dd4d9-d9b8-4c6d-952f-c17eb1bd67f6.html |access-date=10 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=10 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-11|title=At least 65 killed in Algerian wildfires|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algeria-wildfire-toll-rises-65-state-television-says-2021-08-11/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Incendi in Algeria, i morti aumentano a 65 |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/11/incendi-in-algeria-i-morti-aumentano-a-65_4e15a3fe-54e5-4e01-b02e-e8daef1a44d5.html |access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=11 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ malitere na mpaghara Kabylia na ebe ndị ọzọ, ndị ọchịchị Algeria zigakwara ndị agha iji nyere ụmụ amaala aka na ọkụ na mwepụ. Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ gbara osisi Mediterenian, bibie osisi oliv ma gbuo ehi na ọkụkọ. Ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị anya nwere obere mmiri. Ụfọdụ ndị obodo gbapụrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ gbalịrị igbochi ọkụ ahụ n'onwe ha, jiri bọket, alaka na ngwa ọrụ ndị ọzọ, n'ihi na enweghị ụgbọelu ndị na-agba ọkụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Onye isi ala Abdelmadjid Tebboune kwuru n'okwu ihu na ihu na telivishọn steeti na "aka ndị omempụ nọ n'azụ ọtụtụ" ọkụ ahụ nakwa na e jidere mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ.<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite news |date=13 August 2021 |title=Algeria arrests 22 suspected arsonists over deadly blazes |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/13/algeria-arrests-22-suspected-arsonists-over-blazes}}</ref> ógbè ụbọchị asaa gachara, ndị otu nchekwa obodo enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanyụ ọkụ ọhịa 41 na mpaghara itoolu n'ime awa 24 gara aga,<ref>{{Cite news |last=KHALEF |first=Fatiha |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction de 41 feux de forêts dans plusieurs wilayas |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816130532/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> ma kọọ mgbanyụ ọkụ zuru oke na Annaba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction totale des incendies à d'Annaba |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055701/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, a gbanyụrụ ọkụ ọhịa niile dị na Jijel na Sétif.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 17, 2021 |title=Extinction de tous les incendies de forêt à Jijel |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126287-extinction-de-tous-les-incendies-de-foret-a-jijel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055654/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126287-extinction-de-tous-les-incendies-de-foret-a-jijel |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 17, 2021 |title=Sétif: extinction totale de tous les incendies de forêts |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126290-setif-extinction-totale-de-tous-les-incendies-de-forets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055658/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126290-setif-extinction-totale-de-tous-les-incendies-de-forets |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Ọfịs Onye isi ala kwuru na "ibu ọrụ kachasị" MAK ọkụ ahụ dị n'aka otu ndị Alakụba Rachad na MAK, otu ndị na-achị onwe ha nke na-achọ ikewa mpaghara agbụrụ Berber nke Kabyle na Algeria ndị ọzọ, na "nkwado na enyemaka sitere n'aka ndị otu mba ọzọ, ọkachasị Morocco na ndị Zionist", na-ezo aka na Israel.<ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |date=18 August 2021 |title=Algeria accuses groups it links to Morocco, Israel of setting wildfires |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algeria-accuses-groups-it-links-morocco-israel-setting-wildfires-2021-08-18/}}</ref><ref name="Africanews">{{cite news |date=18 August 2021 |title=Algeria accuses Morocco of involvement in its deadly fires, to "review" relations |work=Africanews |url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/18/algeria-accuses-morocco-of-involvement-in-its-deadly-fires-to-review-relations//}}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera3">{{cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=Algeria blames groups it links to Morocco, Israel for wildfires |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/19/algeria-review-relations-morocco-israel-wildfires}}</ref> Ihe mere n'ụgbọ mmiri Algeria na Israel n'afọ 2021 mere n'oge ọkụ ọhịa ndị a na 27 n'ọnwa Septemba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akramov |date=2021-10-01 |title=Ce que l'on sait de l'incident avec un sous-marin Israélien - |url=https://www.menadefense.net/algerie/ce-que-lon-sait-de-lincident-avec-un-sous-marin-israelien/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=MENADEFENSE |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ndị nwụrụnụ == Akụkọ sitere na Sonelgaz kpughere na ngụkọta 610 km (380 mi) nke netwọk eletrik na ihe na-erughị 710 ụlọ ọrụ mebiri site na ọkụ na Tizi Ouzou Province.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 19, 2021 |title=Incendies de Tizi-Ouzou: plus de 600 km de réseau électrique détruits par les feux |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126362-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-600-km-de-reseau-electrique-detruits-par-les-feux |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819230845/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126362-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-600-km-de-reseau-electrique-detruits-par-les-feux |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> The Local Direction of Agricultural Services (DSA) kọrọ na 5,193 hectare nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi na 19,178 anụ ụlọ gbara ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boudjedri |first=Mounia |date=22 August 2021 |title=Tizi-Ouzou/Incendies: plus de 5.100 ha d'arbres fruitiers et plus de 19.100 animaux d'élevage brulés |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126427-tizi-ouzou-incendies-plus-de-5-100-ha-d-arbres-fruitiers-et-plus-de-19-100-animaux-d-elevage-brules |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215220045/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126427-tizi-ouzou-incendies-plus-de-5-100-ha-d-arbres-fruitiers-et-plus-de-19-100-animaux-d-elevage-brules |archive-date=15 December 2021 |access-date= |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> Ndị injinia sitere na Technical Construction Control body (CTC) nyochara ụlọ 1,705 ọkụ ahụ mebiri.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Incendies de Tizi-Ouzou: Plus de 1700 habitations brûlées expertisées par le CTC |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126787-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-1700-habitations-brulees-expertisees-par-le-ctc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901142114/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126787-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-1700-habitations-brulees-expertisees-par-le-ctc |archive-date=September 1, 2021 |access-date=September 1, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2022, ụlọ ọrụ Algeria Directorate General of Forests (DGF) kọrọ na ọkụ gbara ihe karịrị 100,000 hekta (250,000 acres) nke ahịhịa n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2021, na ọkụ ọkụ 1,631 e dekọrọ na 21 wilayas. Nchịkọta nke ebe ndị metụtara dị ka ndị a: * Oké ọhịa: 260,135 hekta (642,810 acres) (26% nke ngụkọta mpaghara) * Osisi: 21,040 hekta (52,000 acres) (21.5%) * Scrub: 16,415 hekta (40,560 acres) (16.5%) * Osisi mkpụrụ osisi: 16,160 hekta (39,900 acres) (36%) * Esparto: 352 hekta (870 acres) (0.5%) <div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọrịa na-efe efe metụtara !Wilaya !Ntiwapụ |- |Tizi Ouzou |241 |- |Jijel |164 |- |Skikda |125 |- |Bejaia |112 |- |Tipasa |97 |- |Bouira |86 |- |El Tarf |82 |- |Medea |66 |- |Ugboro ọnụ |63 |- |Oum El Bouaghi |56 |} </div><div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọ na-emetụta site na hekta !Wilaya !Hectare |- |Tizi Ouzou |43,398 |- |Bejaia |13,174 |- |Khenchela |9,837 |- |Guelma |5,927 |- |El Tarf |5,090 |- |Annaba |5,024 |} </div> == Ogbugbu nke Djamel Ben Ismail == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  Djamel Ben Ismail, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze si Miliana, bụ onye otu ìgwè mmadụ ji obi ọjọọ gbuo ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ọkụ malitere na Tizi Ouzou. Na mbụ, e boro ya ebubo ịgba ọkụ n'enweghị ihe akaebe. Vidio na-egosi mwakpo ahụ a wakporo Ben Ismail gbasara n'ịntanetị, na-egosi nkeji ikpeazụ ya ka a gbara ya ọkụ ma gbuo ya maka ọrụ a na-ebo ya. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-eji mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta mara ya dị ka onye omenkà a ma ama nke nọ n'ógbè ahụ iji nyere ndị bi na ya aka ịkwụsị ọkụ ahụ. N'ime vidiyo ahụ, Ben Ismail na-arịọ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ arịrịọ, na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro na o nweghị aka n'ọkụ ndị ahụ na-ere n'ọhịa. Ụfọdụ ndị nọ n'ìgwè ahụ na-eti mkpu okwu mkparị na nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ megide ya, dị ka "sale arabe," nke pụtara "Onye Arab ruru unyi" n'asụsụ French. E kwenyere na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu a na-eme ihe ike, bụ́ ndị pụtara na vidiyo ahụ, nwere njikọ na MAK—otu ndị ọchịchị Algeria boro ebubo na ha nwere ebumnuche ịchọ nkewa nakwa na ha na-akwado echiche megide ndị Arab. N'ihi nke a,  E kwenyere nke ukwuu na Ben Ismail enweghị ikpe n'ezie.  Directorate General for National Security (DGSN) kwupụtara njide nke ndị 36 a na-enyo enyo, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị 3, na-etinye aka na ogbugbu Ben Ismail na Larbaâ Nath Irathen, Tizi Ouzou. N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, DGSN wepụtara vidiyo gụnyere nkwupụta sitere n'aka ndị ọhụrụ a na-enyo enyo e jidere n'ihe metụtara ikpe ahụ. Ụlọ ikpe mpụ nke Dar El Beida mara mmadụ iri anọ na itoolu ikpe ọnwụ maka igbu ọchụ na igbu ọchukwu nke Ben Ismail. == Hụkwa == * 2022 Ọkụ ọhịa na Morocco == Edensịbịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fgo89mwhlj9apd9yaaai8cuhqkmuvmm 727616 727613 2026-09-24T13:05:18Z NiferO 20385 727616 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ọkụ ọhịa [[Algeria]] nke afọ 2021 bụ ọtụtụ ọkụ ọhịa nke mere na mpaghara Kabylia nke Algeria kemgbe 9 ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, nke gburu mmadụ 90,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Algerian journalist, others detained in growing crackdown |url=https://www.wsbradio.com/news/world/algerian-journalist/QPH7L7CAK36XEPDR7SDVPXPQ3I/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=95.5 WSB |language=en}}</ref> gụnyere ndị nkịtị 57 na ndị agha 33.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/15/algerian-wildfires-still-raging-death-toll-hits-90-including-33-soldiers/|title=Algerian wildfires still raging, death toll hits 90 including 33 soldiers|work=Africa News|date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Ndị agha ahụ nwụrụ mgbe ha tọrọ n'ime ọkụ ahụ n'oge ọrụ nnapụta.<ref>{{cite news |title=Algeria forest fires: At least 65 people killed as fires spread|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58174918|access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=BBC News |publisher=BBC News |date=11 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Incendi, 38 morti in Algeria |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/10/incendi-38-morti-in-algeria_1c1dd4d9-d9b8-4c6d-952f-c17eb1bd67f6.html |access-date=10 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=10 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-11|title=At least 65 killed in Algerian wildfires|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algeria-wildfire-toll-rises-65-state-television-says-2021-08-11/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Incendi in Algeria, i morti aumentano a 65 |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2021/08/11/incendi-in-algeria-i-morti-aumentano-a-65_4e15a3fe-54e5-4e01-b02e-e8daef1a44d5.html |access-date=11 August 2021 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=11 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ malitere na mpaghara Kabylia na ebe ndị ọzọ, ndị ọchịchị Algeria zigakwara ndị agha iji nyere ụmụ amaala aka na ọkụ na mwepụ. Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọtụtụ ọkụ gbara osisi Mediterenian, bibie osisi oliv ma gbuo ehi na ọkụkọ. Ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị anya nwere obere mmiri. Ụfọdụ ndị obodo gbapụrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ gbalịrị igbochi ọkụ ahụ n'onwe ha, jiri bọket, alaka na ngwa ọrụ ndị ọzọ, n'ihi na enweghị ụgbọelu ndị na-agba ọkụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Onye isi ala Abdelmadjid Tebboune kwuru n'okwu ihu na ihu na telivishọn steeti na "aka ndị omempụ nọ n'azụ ọtụtụ" ọkụ ahụ nakwa na e jidere mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ.<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite news |date=13 August 2021 |title=Algeria arrests 22 suspected arsonists over deadly blazes |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/13/algeria-arrests-22-suspected-arsonists-over-blazes}}</ref> ógbè ụbọchị asaa gachara, ndị otu nchekwa obodo enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanyụ ọkụ ọhịa 41 na mpaghara itoolu n'ime awa 24 gara aga,<ref>{{Cite news |last=KHALEF |first=Fatiha |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction de 41 feux de forêts dans plusieurs wilayas |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816130532/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126211-protection-civile-extinction-de-41-feux-de-forets-dans-plusieurs-wilayas-au-cours-des-dernieres-24h |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> ma kọọ mgbanyụ ọkụ zuru oke na Annaba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Extinction totale des incendies à d'Annaba |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055701/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126237-extinction-totale-des-incendies-a-d-annaba |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, a gbanyụrụ ọkụ ọhịa niile dị na Jijel na Sétif.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 17, 2021 |title=Extinction de tous les incendies de forêt à Jijel |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126287-extinction-de-tous-les-incendies-de-foret-a-jijel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055654/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126287-extinction-de-tous-les-incendies-de-foret-a-jijel |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 17, 2021 |title=Sétif: extinction totale de tous les incendies de forêts |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126290-setif-extinction-totale-de-tous-les-incendies-de-forets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221055658/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126290-setif-extinction-totale-de-tous-les-incendies-de-forets |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Ọfịs Onye isi ala kwuru na "ibu ọrụ kachasị" MAK ọkụ ahụ dị n'aka otu ndị Alakụba Rachad na MAK, otu ndị na-achị onwe ha nke na-achọ ikewa mpaghara agbụrụ Berber nke Kabyle na Algeria ndị ọzọ, na "nkwado na enyemaka sitere n'aka ndị otu mba ọzọ, ọkachasị Morocco na ndị Zionist", na-ezo aka na Israel.<ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |date=18 August 2021 |title=Algeria accuses groups it links to Morocco, Israel of setting wildfires |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algeria-accuses-groups-it-links-morocco-israel-setting-wildfires-2021-08-18/}}</ref><ref name="Africanews">{{cite news |date=18 August 2021 |title=Algeria accuses Morocco of involvement in its deadly fires, to "review" relations |work=Africanews |url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/18/algeria-accuses-morocco-of-involvement-in-its-deadly-fires-to-review-relations//}}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera3">{{cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=Algeria blames groups it links to Morocco, Israel for wildfires |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/19/algeria-review-relations-morocco-israel-wildfires}}</ref> Ihe mere n'ụgbọ mmiri Algeria na Israel n'afọ 2021 mere n'oge ọkụ ọhịa ndị a na 27 n'ọnwa Septemba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akramov |date=2021-10-01 |title=Ce que l'on sait de l'incident avec un sous-marin Israélien - |url=https://www.menadefense.net/algerie/ce-que-lon-sait-de-lincident-avec-un-sous-marin-israelien/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=MENADEFENSE |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ndị nwụrụnụ == Akụkọ sitere na Sonelgaz kpughere na ngụkọta 610 km (380 mi) nke netwọk eletrik na ihe na-erughị 710 ụlọ ọrụ mebiri site na ọkụ na Tizi Ouzou Province.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 19, 2021 |title=Incendies de Tizi-Ouzou: plus de 600 km de réseau électrique détruits par les feux |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126362-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-600-km-de-reseau-electrique-detruits-par-les-feux |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819230845/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126362-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-600-km-de-reseau-electrique-detruits-par-les-feux |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> The Local Direction of Agricultural Services (DSA) kọrọ na 5,193 hectare nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi na 19,178 anụ ụlọ gbara ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boudjedri |first=Mounia |date=22 August 2021 |title=Tizi-Ouzou/Incendies: plus de 5.100 ha d'arbres fruitiers et plus de 19.100 animaux d'élevage brulés |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126427-tizi-ouzou-incendies-plus-de-5-100-ha-d-arbres-fruitiers-et-plus-de-19-100-animaux-d-elevage-brules |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215220045/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126427-tizi-ouzou-incendies-plus-de-5-100-ha-d-arbres-fruitiers-et-plus-de-19-100-animaux-d-elevage-brules |archive-date=15 December 2021 |access-date= |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> Ndị injinia sitere na Technical Construction Control body (CTC) nyochara ụlọ 1,705 ọkụ ahụ mebiri.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Incendies de Tizi-Ouzou: Plus de 1700 habitations brûlées expertisées par le CTC |url=https://www.aps.dz/regions/126787-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-1700-habitations-brulees-expertisees-par-le-ctc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901142114/https://www.aps.dz/regions/126787-incendies-de-tizi-ouzou-plus-de-1700-habitations-brulees-expertisees-par-le-ctc |archive-date=September 1, 2021 |access-date=September 1, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2022, ụlọ ọrụ Algeria Directorate General of Forests (DGF) kọrọ na ọkụ gbara ihe karịrị 100,000 hekta (250,000 acres) nke ahịhịa n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2021, na ọkụ ọkụ 1,631 e dekọrọ na 21 wilayas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Feux de forêt: plus 100.000 hectares ravagés dans 21 wilayas durant l'été 2021 |url=https://www.aps.dz/economie/139524-feux-de-foret-plus-100-000-hectares-ravages-dans-21-wilayas-durant-l-ete-2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510205539/https://www.aps.dz/economie/139524-feux-de-foret-plus-100-000-hectares-ravages-dans-21-wilayas-durant-l-ete-2021 |archive-date=May 10, 2022 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=Algeria Press Service |page= |language=fr}}</ref> Nchịkọta nke ebe ndị metụtara dị ka ndị a: * Oké ọhịa: 260,135 hekta (642,810 acres) (26% nke ngụkọta mpaghara) * Osisi: 21,040 hekta (52,000 acres) (21.5%) * Scrub: 16,415 hekta (40,560 acres) (16.5%) * Osisi mkpụrụ osisi: 16,160 hekta (39,900 acres) (36%) * Esparto: 352 hekta (870 acres) (0.5%) <div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọrịa na-efe efe metụtara !Wilaya !Ntiwapụ |- |Tizi Ouzou |241 |- |Jijel |164 |- |Skikda |125 |- |Bejaia |112 |- |Tipasa |97 |- |Bouira |86 |- |El Tarf |82 |- |Medea |66 |- |Ugboro ọnụ |63 |- |Oum El Bouaghi |56 |} </div><div style="display:inline-table"> {| class="wikitable" |+Ebe ọ na-emetụta site na hekta !Wilaya !Hectare |- |Tizi Ouzou |43,398 |- |Bejaia |13,174 |- |Khenchela |9,837 |- |Guelma |5,927 |- |El Tarf |5,090 |- |Annaba |5,024 |} </div> == Ogbugbu nke Djamel Ben Ismail == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  Djamel Ben Ismail, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze si Miliana, bụ onye otu ìgwè mmadụ ji obi ọjọọ gbuo ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ọkụ malitere na Tizi Ouzou. Na mbụ, e boro ya ebubo ịgba ọkụ n'enweghị ihe akaebe. Vidio na-egosi mwakpo ahụ a wakporo Ben Ismail gbasara n'ịntanetị, na-egosi nkeji ikpeazụ ya ka a gbara ya ọkụ ma gbuo ya maka ọrụ a na-ebo ya. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-eji mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta mara ya dị ka onye omenkà a ma ama nke nọ n'ógbè ahụ iji nyere ndị bi na ya aka ịkwụsị ọkụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Shola |date=2022-11-25 |title=49 People Sentenced to Death for Killing Man Wrongly Blamed for Forest Fires |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/djamel-ben-ismail-algeria/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=2022-11-25 |title=Algerian court sentences 49 to death for mob killing amid wildfires |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/11/25/algerian-court-sentences-49-to-death-for-mob-killing-amid-wildfires/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-11-25 |title=49 people sentenced to death for mob killing in Algeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/25/49-people-sentenced-to-death-for-mob-killing-in-algeria |access-date=2023-06-03 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> N'ime vidiyo ahụ, Ben Ismail na-arịọ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ arịrịọ, na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro na o nweghị aka n'ọkụ ndị ahụ na-ere n'ọhịa. Ụfọdụ ndị nọ n'ìgwè ahụ na-eti mkpu okwu mkparị na nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ megide ya, dị ka "sale arabe," nke pụtara "Onye Arab ruru unyi" n'asụsụ French. E kwenyere na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu a na-eme ihe ike, bụ́ ndị pụtara na vidiyo ahụ, nwere njikọ na MAK—otu ndị ọchịchị Algeria boro ebubo na ha nwere ebumnuche ịchọ nkewa nakwa na ha na-akwado echiche megide ndị Arab.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bellgheddouche |first=Mohamed |date=October 15, 2023 |title=Affaire de Djamel Bensamail: un accusé avoue son appartenance au mouvement terroriste "MAK |url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/161317-affaire-du-meurtre-de-djamel-bensamail-un-accuse-avoue-son-appartenance-au-mouvement-terroriste-mak |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015224316/https://www.aps.dz/algerie/161317-affaire-du-meurtre-de-djamel-bensamail-un-accuse-avoue-son-appartenance-au-mouvement-terroriste-mak |archive-date=October 15, 2023 |access-date=October 15, 2023 |work=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'ihi nke a,  E kwenyere nke ukwuu na Ben Ismail enweghị ikpe n'ezie.  Directorate General for National Security (DGSN) kwupụtara njide nke ndị 36 a na-enyo enyo, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị 3, na-etinye aka na ogbugbu Ben Ismail na Larbaâ Nath Irathen, Tizi Ouzou.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=August 15, 2021 |title=Affaire de l'assassinat de Djamel Bensmail à Tizi Ouzou: arrestation de 36 mis en cause |url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/126173-affaire-de-l-assassinat-de-djamel-bensmail-a-tizi-ouzou-arrestation-de-36-mis-en-cause |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815174821/https://www.aps.dz/algerie/126173-affaire-de-l-assassinat-de-djamel-bensmail-a-tizi-ouzou-arrestation-de-36-mis-en-cause |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=August 15, 2021 |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, DGSN wepụtara vidiyo gụnyere nkwupụta sitere n'aka ndị ọhụrụ a na-enyo enyo e jidere n'ihe metụtara ikpe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dib |first=Nassima |date=17 August 2021 |title=Assassinat de Djamel Bensmail: nouveaux aveux d'autres mis en cause arrêtés |url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/126272-assassinat-de-djamel-bensmail-nouveaux-aveux-d-autres-mis-en-cause-arretes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817181100/https://www.aps.dz/algerie/126272-assassinat-de-djamel-bensmail-nouveaux-aveux-d-autres-mis-en-cause-arretes |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date= |website=Algeria Press Service |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ụlọ ikpe mpụ nke Dar El Beida mara mmadụ iri anọ na itoolu ikpe ọnwụ maka igbu ọchụ na igbu ọchukwu nke Ben Ismail.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Ait Seddik |first=Baha eddine |date=November 24, 2022 |title=Meurtre de Djamel Bensmaïl: le chef du Mouvement terroriste "MAK" condamné à la perpétuité |url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/147966-meurtre-de-djamel-bensmail-le-chef-du-mouvement-terroriste-mak-condamne-a-la-perpetuite |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124164623/https://www.aps.dz/algerie/147966-meurtre-de-djamel-bensmail-le-chef-du-mouvement-terroriste-mak-condamne-a-la-perpetuite |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |access-date=November 24, 2022 |work=Algeria Press Service |language=fr}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * 2022 Ọkụ ọhịa na Morocco == Edensịbịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7ni7j6n01oinuk5ajuznpfpqk244kbe 0 80710 727601 726047 2026-09-24T12:11:00Z NiferO 20385 727601 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox military conflict/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Campaignbox Jihadist insurgency in Mali and Mauritania (2005–2011)}}N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, esemokwu agha na Nouakchott sochiri mgbapụ nke onye a na-enyo enyo na-ejikọta ya na mwakpo metụtara AKIM na mbụ, na-akpata nnukwu ọrụ nchekwa. == Ndabere == N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Al-Qaeda na Islamic Maghreb lekwasịrị [[Mauritania]] anya site na igbu ọchụ na ịtọrọ mmadụ.<ref>{{cite web |title=How has Mauritania managed to stave off terror attacks? |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/how-has-mauritania-managed-to-stave-off-terror-attacks |work=ISS Today |author=Hassane Koné |date=6 December 2019 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=25 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260325190746/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/how-has-mauritania-managed-to-stave-off-terror-attacks |url-status=live}}</ref> Na 24 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2007, e gburu ndị njem nleta France anọ na nso Aleg, ihe dịka kilomita 250 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke isi obodo.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227060411/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2007 |title=4 French tourists killed in Mauritania |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=24 December 2007 |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke 1 n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2008, ndị ji egbe isii wakporo ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Israel dị na Nouakchott nakwa ụlọ ntụrụndụ dị nso ebe ahụ. Otu a na-akpọ AQIM kwuru na ha bụ ndị mere ihe ahụ, ndị ọchịchị nchekwa nke mba Mauritania wee jide ndị niile so mee mwakpo ahụ.<ref name="usds">{{cite web |title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2008 - Mauritania |url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/usdos/2009/67355 |work=United States Department of State |date=30 April 2009 |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> == Ịgbapụ == N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2008, Sidi Ould Sidna, onye a na-enyo enyo na [[Ogbugbu e gburu ndị njem nleta French na Mauritania na 2007|ogbugbu nke ndị njem nleta France anọ]] e jidere na Jenụwarị, gbapụrụ n'ụlọ ikpe dị na Nouakchott ka ọ na-echere ikpe n'ihu onye majie na-eme nchọpụta. N'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ, Sidna rịọrọ ka e nye ya ezumike n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ. A kọrọ na onye uwe ojii na-eche ọnụ ụzọ ahụ hapụrụ post ya iji soro otu ndị ọ maara kwurịta okwu. N'ịmata na onye nche ahụ anọghị, Sidna si n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ gbapụ n'ụlọ ahụ. Ozugbo ọ nọ n'èzí, ọ sonyeere nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ gbakọtara n'okporo ámá ahụ iji chere ọbịbịa Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, onye na-eleta isi obodo ahụ n'ụbọchị ahụ. == Esemokwu == N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Eprel, nnukwu ịchụ nta mere ka ndị uwe ojii gaa n'otu obodo dị na mpaghara Tevragh Zeina nke Nouakchott. Agha egbe siri ike sochiri n'etiti otu ndị na-emegide ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na ndị agha anọ ruo ise ji égbè na-akpaghị aka. Otu onye nyocha ndị uwe ojii na ndị agha abụọ nwụrụ, ndị uwe ojii asaa ndị ọzọ merụkwara ahụ. N'oge mgbanwe ahụ, otu ụgbọ ala bu mmadụ ise ruo isii gbapụrụ n'ebe ahụ n'okpuru mkpuchi nke égbè site n'ụlọ ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii mechara chọpụta otu nwoke merụrụ ahụ n'ime ụgbọala a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ. N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel, n'ihe dị ka elekere asaa na iri atọ nke ụtụtụ, ndị uwe ojii na ndị agha wakporo ụlọ nke abụọ dị n'ebe ugwu Nouakchott site na iji gas na-agba mmiri na ngwá agha na-akpaghị aka. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị a na-enyo enyo agbapụlarị, ndị ọrụ nchekwa chọpụtara ụlọ nyocha na mgbọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-atụ aro nkwadebe maka mwakpo buru ibu. Ndị uwe ojii kwuru na mbụ na e gburu Sidi Ould Sidna ma ọ bụ jide ya n'ụbọchị gara aga, mana ha mechara wepụ nkwupụta ahụ, na-akwado na ọ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla. N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel, n'otu mwakpo dị iche dabere na ihe ọmụma na-ezighi ezi, ndị uwe ojii gbara otu ụlọ gburugburu ma gbaa otu onye nkịtị égbè ma gbuo ya mgbe ọ na-emerụ onye ọzọ ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Eprel, ndị ọrụ nchekwa jidere Sidi Ould Sidna na ihe dị ka mmadụ iri abụọ ndị ọzọ a na-enyo enyo na ha tinyere aka n'ogbugbu na mwakpo a wakporo ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Israel n'ọnwa Febụwarị. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  aer4pn5h6ldrli1dhb3dwa44w7cgen0 727602 727601 2026-09-24T12:16:46Z NiferO 20385 727602 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox military conflict/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Campaignbox Jihadist insurgency in Mali and Mauritania (2005–2011)}}N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, esemokwu agha na Nouakchott sochiri mgbapụ nke onye a na-enyo enyo na-ejikọta ya na mwakpo metụtara AKIM na mbụ, na-akpata nnukwu ọrụ nchekwa. == Ndabere == N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Al-Qaeda na Islamic Maghreb lekwasịrị [[Mauritania]] anya site na igbu ọchụ na ịtọrọ mmadụ.<ref>{{cite web |title=How has Mauritania managed to stave off terror attacks? |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/how-has-mauritania-managed-to-stave-off-terror-attacks |work=ISS Today |author=Hassane Koné |date=6 December 2019 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=25 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260325190746/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/how-has-mauritania-managed-to-stave-off-terror-attacks |url-status=live}}</ref> Na 24 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2007, e gburu ndị njem nleta France anọ na nso Aleg, ihe dịka kilomita 250 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke isi obodo.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227060411/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2007 |title=4 French tourists killed in Mauritania |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=24 December 2007 |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke 1 n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2008, ndị ji egbe isii wakporo ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Israel dị na Nouakchott nakwa ụlọ ntụrụndụ dị nso ebe ahụ. Otu a na-akpọ AQIM kwuru na ha bụ ndị mere ihe ahụ, ndị ọchịchị nchekwa nke mba Mauritania wee jide ndị niile so mee mwakpo ahụ.<ref name="usds">{{cite web |title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2008 - Mauritania |url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/usdos/2009/67355 |work=United States Department of State |date=30 April 2009 |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> == Ịgbapụ == N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2008, Sidi Ould Sidna, onye a na-enyo enyo na [[Ogbugbu e gburu ndị njem nleta French na Mauritania na 2007|ogbugbu nke ndị njem nleta France anọ]] e jidere na Jenụwarị, gbapụrụ n'ụlọ ikpe dị na Nouakchott ka ọ na-echere ikpe n'ihu onye majie na-eme nchọpụta. N'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ, Sidna rịọrọ ka e nye ya ezumike n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ. A kọrọ na onye uwe ojii na-eche ọnụ ụzọ ahụ hapụrụ post ya iji soro otu ndị ọ maara kwurịta okwu. N'ịmata na onye nche ahụ anọghị, Sidna si n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ gbapụ n'ụlọ ahụ. Ozugbo ọ nọ n'èzí, ọ sonyeere nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ gbakọtara n'okporo ámá ahụ iji chere ọbịbịa Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, onye na-eleta isi obodo ahụ n'ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Suspect in French tourists' deaths escapes |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23923362 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=3 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=3 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403181955/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23923362 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Esemokwu == N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Eprel, nnukwu ịchụ nta mere ka ndị uwe ojii gaa n'otu obodo dị na mpaghara Tevragh Zeina nke Nouakchott. Agha egbe siri ike sochiri n'etiti otu ndị na-emegide ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na ndị agha anọ ruo ise ji égbè na-akpaghị aka. Otu onye nyocha ndị uwe ojii na ndị agha abụọ nwụrụ, ndị uwe ojii asaa ndị ọzọ merụkwara ahụ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mauritania kills al-Qaeda suspect |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-kills-al-qaeda-suspect-2 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=3 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403201740/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-kills-al-qaeda-suspect-2 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MAURITANIA: Clashes with suspected Al Qaeda militants |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/babylon-beyond/story/2008-04-08/mauritania-clashes-with-suspected-al-qaeda-militants |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=3 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403194544/https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/babylon-beyond/story/2008-04-08/mauritania-clashes-with-suspected-al-qaeda-militants |url-status=live}}</ref> N'oge mgbanwe ahụ, otu ụgbọ ala bu mmadụ ise ruo isii gbapụrụ n'ebe ahụ n'okpuru mkpuchi nke égbè site n'ụlọ ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii mechara chọpụta otu nwoke merụrụ ahụ n'ime ụgbọala a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ. N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel, n'ihe dị ka elekere asaa na iri atọ nke ụtụtụ, ndị uwe ojii na ndị agha wakporo ụlọ nke abụọ dị n'ebe ugwu Nouakchott site na iji gas na-agba mmiri na ngwá agha na-akpaghị aka. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị a na-enyo enyo agbapụlarị, ndị ọrụ nchekwa chọpụtara ụlọ nyocha na mgbọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-atụ aro nkwadebe maka mwakpo buru ibu. Ndị uwe ojii kwuru na mbụ na e gburu Sidi Ould Sidna ma ọ bụ jide ya n'ụbọchị gara aga, mana ha mechara wepụ nkwupụta ahụ, na-akwado na ọ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mauritania raids 'al-Qaeda house' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-raids-al-qaeda-house |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=18 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260418185921/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-raids-al-qaeda-house |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Militants escape Mauritania police raid |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-08-militants-escape-mauritania-police-raid/ |work=[[Mail & Guardian]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=4 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404064434/https://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-08-militants-escape-mauritania-police-raid/ |url-status=live}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel, n'otu mwakpo dị iche dabere na ihe ọmụma na-ezighi ezi, ndị uwe ojii gbara otu ụlọ gburugburu ma gbaa otu onye nkịtị égbè ma gbuo ya mgbe ọ na-emerụ onye ọzọ ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Eprel, ndị ọrụ nchekwa jidere Sidi Ould Sidna na ihe dị ka mmadụ iri abụọ ndị ọzọ a na-enyo enyo na ha tinyere aka n'ogbugbu na mwakpo a wakporo ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Israel n'ọnwa Febụwarị. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  eonjwzrqplytgq1jntuocky3geacap9 727603 727602 2026-09-24T12:19:49Z NiferO 20385 727603 wikitext text/x-wiki N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, esemokwu agha na Nouakchott sochiri mgbapụ nke onye a na-enyo enyo na-ejikọta ya na mwakpo metụtara AKIM na mbụ, na-akpata nnukwu ọrụ nchekwa. == Ndabere == N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Al-Qaeda na Islamic Maghreb lekwasịrị [[Mauritania]] anya site na igbu ọchụ na ịtọrọ mmadụ.<ref>{{cite web |title=How has Mauritania managed to stave off terror attacks? |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/how-has-mauritania-managed-to-stave-off-terror-attacks |work=ISS Today |author=Hassane Koné |date=6 December 2019 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=25 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260325190746/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/how-has-mauritania-managed-to-stave-off-terror-attacks |url-status=live}}</ref> Na 24 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2007, e gburu ndị njem nleta France anọ na nso Aleg, ihe dịka kilomita 250 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke isi obodo.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227060411/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2007 |title=4 French tourists killed in Mauritania |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=24 December 2007 |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke 1 n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2008, ndị ji egbe isii wakporo ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Israel dị na Nouakchott nakwa ụlọ ntụrụndụ dị nso ebe ahụ. Otu a na-akpọ AQIM kwuru na ha bụ ndị mere ihe ahụ, ndị ọchịchị nchekwa nke mba Mauritania wee jide ndị niile so mee mwakpo ahụ.<ref name="usds">{{cite web |title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2008 - Mauritania |url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/usdos/2009/67355 |work=United States Department of State |date=30 April 2009 |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> == Ịgbapụ == N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2008, Sidi Ould Sidna, onye a na-enyo enyo na [[Ogbugbu e gburu ndị njem nleta French na Mauritania na 2007|ogbugbu nke ndị njem nleta France anọ]] e jidere na Jenụwarị, gbapụrụ n'ụlọ ikpe dị na Nouakchott ka ọ na-echere ikpe n'ihu onye majie na-eme nchọpụta. N'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ, Sidna rịọrọ ka e nye ya ezumike n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ. A kọrọ na onye uwe ojii na-eche ọnụ ụzọ ahụ hapụrụ post ya iji soro otu ndị ọ maara kwurịta okwu. N'ịmata na onye nche ahụ anọghị, Sidna si n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ gbapụ n'ụlọ ahụ. Ozugbo ọ nọ n'èzí, ọ sonyeere nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ gbakọtara n'okporo ámá ahụ iji chere ọbịbịa Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, onye na-eleta isi obodo ahụ n'ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Suspect in French tourists' deaths escapes |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23923362 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=3 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=3 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403181955/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23923362 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Esemokwu == N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Eprel, nnukwu ịchụ nta mere ka ndị uwe ojii gaa n'otu obodo dị na mpaghara Tevragh Zeina nke Nouakchott. Agha egbe siri ike sochiri n'etiti otu ndị na-emegide ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na ndị agha anọ ruo ise ji égbè na-akpaghị aka. Otu onye nyocha ndị uwe ojii na ndị agha abụọ nwụrụ, ndị uwe ojii asaa ndị ọzọ merụkwara ahụ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mauritania kills al-Qaeda suspect |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-kills-al-qaeda-suspect-2 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=3 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403201740/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-kills-al-qaeda-suspect-2 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MAURITANIA: Clashes with suspected Al Qaeda militants |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/babylon-beyond/story/2008-04-08/mauritania-clashes-with-suspected-al-qaeda-militants |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=3 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403194544/https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/babylon-beyond/story/2008-04-08/mauritania-clashes-with-suspected-al-qaeda-militants |url-status=live}}</ref> N'oge mgbanwe ahụ, otu ụgbọ ala bu mmadụ ise ruo isii gbapụrụ n'ebe ahụ n'okpuru mkpuchi nke égbè site n'ụlọ ahụ. Ndị uwe ojii mechara chọpụta otu nwoke merụrụ ahụ n'ime ụgbọala a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ. N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel, n'ihe dị ka elekere asaa na iri atọ nke ụtụtụ, ndị uwe ojii na ndị agha wakporo ụlọ nke abụọ dị n'ebe ugwu Nouakchott site na iji gas na-agba mmiri na ngwá agha na-akpaghị aka. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị a na-enyo enyo agbapụlarị, ndị ọrụ nchekwa chọpụtara ụlọ nyocha na mgbọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-atụ aro nkwadebe maka mwakpo buru ibu. Ndị uwe ojii kwuru na mbụ na e gburu Sidi Ould Sidna ma ọ bụ jide ya n'ụbọchị gara aga, mana ha mechara wepụ nkwupụta ahụ, na-akwado na ọ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mauritania raids 'al-Qaeda house' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-raids-al-qaeda-house |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=18 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260418185921/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/4/8/mauritania-raids-al-qaeda-house |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Militants escape Mauritania police raid |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-08-militants-escape-mauritania-police-raid/ |work=[[Mail & Guardian]] |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=4 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404064434/https://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-08-militants-escape-mauritania-police-raid/ |url-status=live}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel, n'otu mwakpo dị iche dabere na ihe ọmụma na-ezighi ezi, ndị uwe ojii gbara otu ụlọ gburugburu ma gbaa otu onye nkịtị égbè ma gbuo ya mgbe ọ na-emerụ onye ọzọ ahụ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mauritania: Mastermind of French killings arrested |url=https://www.spa.gov.sa/545020?lang=en&newsid=545020 |work=[[Saudi Press Agency]] |date=10 April 2008 |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Eprel, ndị ọrụ nchekwa jidere Sidi Ould Sidna na ihe dị ka mmadụ iri abụọ ndị ọzọ a na-enyo enyo na ha tinyere aka n'ogbugbu na mwakpo a wakporo ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Israel n'ọnwa Febụwarị.<ref>{{cite web |title=Countering Terrorism in an Unstable Democracy |url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/countering-terrorism-in-an-unstable-democracy-mauritanias-political-crisis/ |work=Combating Terrorism Center |date=August 2008 |author=Dafna Hochman |access-date=24 March 2026 |archive-date=15 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415103200/https://ctc.westpoint.edu/countering-terrorism-in-an-unstable-democracy-mauritanias-political-crisis/ |url-status=live}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  8g2kv5g16j9xzh3wwvreh7j3r6p75jj 0 80744 727657 2026-09-24T16:39:48Z Juliegwen 12936 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370302688|Eliza Scanlen]]" 727657 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Databox}}'''Eliza Jane Scanlen''' (amụrụ na abali isii na ọnwa Jenụwarị 1999) bụ onye Australia na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na-egosi Tabitha Ford na Australian soap opera Home and Away (2016), tupu ọ nata otuto dị egwu maka igwu egwu onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma nwere nsogbu na HBO miniseries Sharp Objects (2018) na usoro BBC Dope Girls (2025). Scanlen gbasaa na ihe nkiri na 2019 site na ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Babyteeth na ihe nkiri oge Greta Gerwig Little Women . Kemgbe ahụ, ọ gosipụtara nwa agbọghọ [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] na usoro Showtime The First Lady (2022) ma mee ihe nkiri ihe omimi Caddo Lake (2024). == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Scanlen na Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, ma nwee ejima aha ya bụ Annabel. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Loreto Kirribilli. Ọ mụtara ịpị piano mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ asaa, mana ọ kwụsịrị ịkpọ egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. N'ịkwadebe maka ọrụ ya dị ka Beth March na Ihe nkiri 2019 nke Little Women, ọ malitere ịmụ piano ọzọ. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, a họpụtara Scanlen ka ọ bụrụ Tabitha Ford na ihe nkiri telivishọn Home and Away . Scanlen pụtara dị ka onye isi na ihe nkiri mkpirikpi nke afọ 2018 Grace . <ref name="Clayton" /> Mgbe ahụ, ọ nwetara nkwado maka ngosipụta ya nke Amma Crellin na HBO psychological thriller miniseries Sharp Objects, nke ya na Amy Adams na-eme ihe nkiri.<ref name="Clayton" /> Scanlen mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na Sydney Theatre Company's 2019 production of Lord of the Flies, nke Kip Williams duziri. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ Eric maka egwuregwu ahụ. O mere ihe nkiri izizi ya dị ka Milla Finlay na Shannon Murphy's Babyteeth, nke gosipụtara na asọmpi na Venice Film Festival . N'afọ 2019, o gosipụtara Beth March na Greta Gerwig's adaptation of Louisa May Alcott's novel Little Women, ya na Saoirse Ronan, [[Emma Watson]], Florence Pugh, Laura Dern, Timothée Chalamet, na Meryl Streep. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nhọpụta isii nke Academy Award (gụnyere Best Picture), ma nweta nde $ 218 na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ. &nbsp; N'afọ 2023, Scanlen nwere ọrụ nduzi nke Jem Starling na Laurel Parmet's directory debut The Starling Girl . Ọ natara otuto maka arụmọrụ ya, na Ben Travers nke ''IndieWire'' na-ede: "Ọ na-enyere arụmọrụ Scanlen aka ime ka ihe nkiri a yie ihe a na-ahụkarị. "Jason Bailey maka The Playlist dere, sị: "Ọrụ Scanlen ebe a dị mma, dịka ọ dị nro na mmetụta nke ndụ n'ezie na-ebi n'ihu gị. " N'afọ 2024, Scanlen mere Cecily Cardew na National Theatre's retreated revival of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, na-eme ihe nkiri n'akụkụ [[Ncuti Gatwa]], Hugh Skinner, [[Ronkẹ Adékoluẹjo]], na Sharon D. Clarke. === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+  ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ezé nwa ọhụrụ'' |Milla Finlay | |- |''Ụmụ nwanyị'' |Elizabeth "Beth" March | |- |2020 |''Ekwensu Oge Nile'' |Lenora Laferty | |- |2021 |''Oge Ochie'' |Kara (afọ 15) | |- |2023 |''Nwa agbọghọ Starling'' |Jem Starling | |- |2024 |''Ọdọ Mmiri Caddo'' |Ellie | |} === Nke Obere === === Ihe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+  ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- |2016 |''N'Ụlọ Na N'èzí'' |Tabitha Ford |Ọrụ a na-arụ ugboro ugboro |- |2018 |''Ihe Ndị Dị nkọ'' |Amma Crellin |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2021 |''Ọkụ'' |Tash |Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri |- |2022 |''Nwanyị Mbụ'' |[[Eleanor Roosevelt]] (onye na-eto eto) | |- |2025 |''Ụmụ agbọghọ Dope'' |Violet Davies |Ihe omume 9 |} === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+  ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Onyenwe ụmụ nnụnụ nke William Golding'' |Eric |Ụlọ ọrụ Ihe nkiri Sydney |- |''Iji gbuo nnụnụ na-akwa emo'' |Mayella Ewell |Ụlọ Egwuregwu Shubert |- |2024 |''Mkpa Ịdị Nri Dị Ike'' |Cecily Cardew |Royal National Theatre |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Australia == Edensịbia ==  {{AACTA Award Best Actress in a Leading Role}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|7340546}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] pydy0dh3bp6fqy8l2yev6006o2s9hym 0 80745 727663 2026-09-24T17:21:19Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353900620|Julie Owono]]" 727663 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Julie Owono''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1986) bụ ọkaiwu na onye nyocha agụmakwụkwọ si mba France na Cameroon. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2021, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke otu Internet Without Borders (IWB), nakwa dị ka otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi (Oversight Board) nke Facebook, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Owono na Cameroon ma too na Russia na France. Ọ bụ onye na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, na-asọpụta asụsụ ise nke ọma gụnyere Russian na [[Asụsụ Ewondo|Ewondo]], asụsụ nne ya. Owono nwetara nzere masta na International Law site na La Sorbonne Law School .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede blọgụ maka Global Voices na onye na-ede kọlụm echiche maka Al-Jazeera, ebe ọ na-ekwu okwu gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mpaghara Gulf of Guinea. N'agbata afọ 2012 na 2020, ọ nyochara ma kwuo okwu gbasara akụkọ mba ụwa maka ọtụtụ mmemme n'asụsụ French na Bekee na ọwa mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nke France bụ France 24. == Ịntanetị Na-enweghị Ókèala == Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 2010, Owono na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Internet Sans Frontieres, "otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na Paris na-akwado nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ịntanetị", na-aghọ onye isi oche Africa ya. N'ọrụ ahụ, ọ toro uto nke uto ịntanetị na mba ndị Afrịka, mana dọrọ aka ná ntị na gọọmentị ha ga-ezere inyocha ịntanetị, na-ekwu na "[gọọmentị] enweghị ike ikwu na ọ chọrọ ịbanye n'ụzọ zuru ezu na akụ na ụba dijitalụ ma mesoo ihe dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba ahụ n'ụzọ anyị hụrụ ruo ugbu a".[a]<ref name="Ozy" /> N'afọ 2018 na 2019, Owono gbalịrị ịmanye gọọmentị [[Chad]] ka ha weghachite ohere ịntanetị nke e wepụrụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba ahụ. Owono gosipụtara na mgbochi ahụ mere "n'ihi na a na-ekerịta vidiyo nke esemokwu ime ihe ike n'etiti agbụrụ Zaghawa dị n'ebe ugwu Chad na WhatsApp". Owono gbalịrị ime ka ndị agha ọdịda anyanwụ jikọọ aka ka ha rụgide gọọmentị Chad iji weghachite ohere mana o nwere nkụda mmụọ na nzaghachi ahụ. Owono lekọtara nchịkọta ego iji zụta ohere VPN maka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, nke nwetara € 2,000 ($ 2250). <ref name="CNN" /> N'afọ 2020, Owono bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ si gburugburu ụwa aha ha bụ Facebook Oversight Board, otu e guzobere iji mee mkpebi ndị dị mkpa gbasara imezi ọdịnaya na nyiwe Facebook na Instagram. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, Owono bụ onye isi nchịkwa na IWB . N'ọnwa Julaị 2023, na-agbaso aro sitere n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nlekọta ka ha wepụ onye isi ala [[Cambodia]] bụ [[Hun Sen]], gọọmentị Cambodia depụtara Owono dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ nwere njikọ na Meta bụ ndị a machibidoro ịbanye na mba ahụ. == Kọmitii Nlekọta META == Julie Owono abụrụla otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi nke Meta (Meta Oversight Board) kemgbe e guzobere ya n'afọ 2020. N'ọrụ a, ọ na-enye aka n'ebumnuche kọmitii ahụ nke inyocha na ime mkpebi ndị a ga-agbasorịrị gbasara okwu ndị siri ike metụtara nchịkwa ọdịnaya n'elu ikpo okwu dị iche iche nke Meta, gụnyere Facebook na Instagram. Ọrụ Owono na-emesi ike mkpa ọ dị ịkwado ikike ikwupụta echiche onwe onye ma na-elebakwa anya n'okwu gbasara ọdịnaya ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ. E wezụga ọrụ ikpe ya, Owono na-etinye aka n'okwu ihu ọha banyere ọchịchị ọdịnaya. O sonyere na ihe omume na mkparịta ụka dị iche iche, gụnyere ịpụta na pọdkastị dịka "Wonks and War Rooms", ebe ọ kọwapụtara usoro Nlekọta na ihe ịma aka nke imezi ọdịnaya. Nghọta ya na-enye aka na mkparịta ụka sara mbara banyere nghọta, ịza ajụjụ, na ibu ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke usoro mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ijikwa okwu n'ịntanetị. == Mmekọrịta na nyocha == Julie Owono na-etinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi n'ịkwalite njikọ nke azụmahịa, ikike mmadụ, na ọgụgụ isi aka site na njikọ ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha. Ọ bụ onye nchọpụta na Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society na [[Harvard University|Mahadum Harvard]], ebe ọ na-elekwasị anya na ọchịchị ọdịnaya, ikike dijitalụ, na mmetụta omume nke teknụzụ na-apụta. Na Berkeley Human Rights Center, ọ gara n'ihu na-enyocha mmetụta nke ọgụgụ isi aka na ndị a na-akparaghị ókè na akụ na ụba dijitalụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'oge gara aga, Owono guzobere Content Policy and Society Lab (CPSL) na Mahadum Stanford, ụlọ nyocha nke a raara nye ịmụ itinye n'ọrụ usoro ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye aka na ọchịchị nke teknụzụ na-apụta (Stanford PACS). CPSL nyere aka n'inyocha otu olu dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ndị obodo, ndị na-eme iwu, na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ, nwere ike ijikọ aka iji mepụta usoro ọchịchị maka AI na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ dị elu. E wezụga agụmakwụkwọ, Owono bụ onye nduzi a ma ama na onye ndụmọdụ maka ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na-etinye aka na ikike dijitalụ, nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, na iji AI eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ (CPJ), Witness, Meedan, na Dangerous Speech Project. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ na-eje ozi na Advisory Board nke Latimer AI, atụmatụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta usoro AI na-agụnye nke na-asọpụrụ ikike mmadụ. Ọrụ Owono na-egosipụta mkpebi ya ịkwado maka ọchịchị omume ọma n'oge AI, na-ahụ na a na-emepụta teknụzụ na-apụta ma na-etinye ya n'ọrụ n'ụzọ na-akwado ụkpụrụ ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ na-etinye echiche dịgasị iche iche, nke ọtụtụ ndị metụtara. == Onyinye & Nsọpụrụ == A matara Julie Owono maka ọrụ ya na-emetụta ya na ngalaba nke Azụmaahịa, ikike dijitalụ, ọchịchị Ịntanetị, na ikike mmadụ. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ya: * '''2019-2021''': Practitioner Fellow, Digital Civil Society Lab, Stanford PACS, Mahadum Stanford * '''2019-2020''': Fellow, Berkman Klein Center, Mahadum Harvard * '''2020''': Otu n'ime ndị Afrịka 100 kacha nwee mmetụta, New African Magazine * '''2021''': E depụtara ya site na Nob Hill Gazette nke San Francisco dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ike * '''2022''': Onye Azụmaahịa nke Afọ, French-American Chamber of Commerce nke San Francisco * '''2022''': Fellow, Program on Democracy and the Internet, Stanford PACS, Stanford University * '''2024''': Fellow, Human Rights Center, Mahadum California, Berkeley == Edensibịa == <references> <ref name="oversight">{{cite web |title=Announcing the First Members of the Oversight Board |url=https://www.oversightboard.com/news/announcing-the-first-members-of-the-oversight-board/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123052204/https://www.oversightboard.com/news/announcing-the-first-members-of-the-oversight-board/ |archive-date=23 January 2021 |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=Oversight Board}}</ref> <ref name="age">{{cite web |last=Ben Mohamed |first=Dounia |date=2020-06-11 |title=Career Julie Owono "French-speaking Africa is the area where there are the most needs concerning freedom of speech" |url=https://www.africanewsagency.fr/parcours-julie-owono-lafrique-francophone-est-la-zone-ou-il-y-a-le-plus-de-besoins-concernant-la-liberte-dexpression/?lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126231038/https://www.africanewsagency.fr/parcours-julie-owono-lafrique-francophone-est-la-zone-ou-il-y-a-le-plus-de-besoins-concernant-la-liberte-dexpression/?lang=en |archive-date=2022-01-26 |access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref> <ref name="bi" /> <ref name="stanfordpacs" /> <ref name="gv" /> <ref name="aj" /> <ref name="CNN" /> <ref name="NBC" /> <ref name="reuters" /> </references> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lx3ftkpsmv4610np68fcuhtycn34ys0 727671 727663 2026-09-24T17:45:53Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727671 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Julie Owono''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1986) bụ ọkaiwu na onye nyocha agụmakwụkwọ si mba France na Cameroon. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2021, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke otu Internet Without Borders (IWB), nakwa dị ka otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi (Oversight Board) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono|title=Julie Owono: Affiliate|website=Berkman Klein Center |date=29 August 2025 }}</ref> nke Facebook, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Owono na Cameroon ma too na Russia na France. Ọ bụ onye na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, na-asọpụta asụsụ ise nke ọma gụnyere Russian na [[Asụsụ Ewondo|Ewondo]], asụsụ nne ya. Owono nwetara nzere masta na International Law site na La Sorbonne Law School .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede blọgụ maka Global Voices na onye na-ede kọlụm echiche maka Al-Jazeera, ebe ọ na-ekwu okwu gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mpaghara Gulf of Guinea. N'agbata afọ 2012 na 2020, ọ nyochara ma kwuo okwu gbasara akụkọ mba ụwa maka ọtụtụ mmemme n'asụsụ French na Bekee na ọwa mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nke France bụ France 24. == Ịntanetị Na-enweghị Ókèala == Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 2010, Owono na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Internet Sans Frontieres, "otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na Paris na-akwado nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ịntanetị", na-aghọ onye isi oche Africa ya. N'ọrụ ahụ, ọ toro uto nke uto ịntanetị na mba ndị Afrịka, mana dọrọ aka ná ntị na gọọmentị ha ga-ezere inyocha ịntanetị, na-ekwu na "[gọọmentị] enweghị ike ikwu na ọ chọrọ ịbanye n'ụzọ zuru ezu na akụ na ụba dijitalụ ma mesoo ihe dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba ahụ n'ụzọ anyị hụrụ ruo ugbu a".[a] N'afọ 2018 na 2019, Owono gbalịrị ịmanye gọọmentị [[Chad]] ka ha weghachite ohere ịntanetị nke e wepụrụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba ahụ. Owono gosipụtara na mgbochi ahụ mere "n'ihi na a na-ekerịta vidiyo nke esemokwu ime ihe ike n'etiti agbụrụ Zaghawa dị n'ebe ugwu Chad na WhatsApp". Owono gbalịrị ime ka ndị agha ọdịda anyanwụ jikọọ aka ka ha rụgide gọọmentị Chad iji weghachite ohere mana o nwere nkụda mmụọ na nzaghachi ahụ. Owono lekọtara nchịkọta ego iji zụta ohere VPN maka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, nke nwetara € 2,000 ($ 2250). N'afọ 2020, Owono bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ si gburugburu ụwa aha ha bụ Facebook Oversight Board, otu e guzobere iji mee mkpebi ndị dị mkpa gbasara imezi ọdịnaya na nyiwe Facebook na Instagram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/facebook-names-first-members-of-oversight-board-for-content-moderation.html|title=These are the people Facebook put in charge of deciding whether to delete controversial posts|last=Bursztynsky|first=Jessica|date=6 May 2020|website=CNBC}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, Owono bụ onye isi nchịkwa na IWB . N'ọnwa Julaị 2023, na-agbaso aro sitere n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nlekọta ka ha wepụ onye isi ala [[Cambodia]] bụ [[Hun Sen]], gọọmentị Cambodia depụtara Owono dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ nwere njikọ na Meta bụ ndị a machibidoro ịbanye na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501318760/cambodia-bans-22-members-of-the-board-of-directors-of-meta-platforms-inc-from-entering-country/|title=Cambodia bans 22 members of the Board of Directors of Meta Platforms. Inc from entering country - Khmer Times|date=July 4, 2023}}</ref> == Kọmitii Nlekọta META == Julie Owono abụrụla otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi nke Meta (Meta Oversight Board) kemgbe e guzobere ya n'afọ 2020. N'ọrụ a, ọ na-enye aka n'ebumnuche kọmitii ahụ nke inyocha na ime mkpebi ndị a ga-agbasorịrị gbasara okwu ndị siri ike metụtara nchịkwa ọdịnaya n'elu ikpo okwu dị iche iche nke Meta, gụnyere Facebook na Instagram. Ọrụ Owono na-emesi ike mkpa ọ dị ịkwado ikike ikwupụta echiche onwe onye ma na-elebakwa anya n'okwu gbasara ọdịnaya ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Levy |first=Steven |title=Inside Meta's Oversight Board: 2 Years of Pushing Limits |url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-metas-oversight-board-two-years-of-pushing-limits/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> E wezụga ọrụ ikpe ya, Owono na-etinye aka n'okwu ihu ọha banyere ọchịchị ọdịnaya. O sonyere na ihe omume na mkparịta ụka dị iche iche, gụnyere ịpụta na pọdkastị dịka "Wonks and War Rooms",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubois |first=Elizabeth |date=2023-03-08 |title=Meta Oversight Board with Julie Owono |url=https://www.polcommtech.com/post/meta-oversight-board-with-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=PolCommTech.ca |language=en}}</ref> ebe ọ kọwapụtara usoro Nlekọta na ihe ịma aka nke imezi ọdịnaya. Nghọta ya na-enye aka na mkparịta ụka sara mbara banyere nghọta, ịza ajụjụ, na ibu ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke usoro mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ijikwa okwu n'ịntanetị. == Mmekọrịta na nyocha == Julie Owono na-etinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi n'ịkwalite njikọ nke azụmahịa, ikike mmadụ, na ọgụgụ isi aka site na njikọ ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Owono |first1=Julie |last2=Lenard |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Wallsten |first3=Scott |date=2025-05-12 |title=Julie Owono on the Importance of Establishing a Democratic Agenda for Content Governance - Publications |url=https://techpolicyinstitute.org/publications/content-moderation/julie-owono-on-the-importance-of-establishing-a-democratic-agenda-for-content-governance/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=The Technology Policy Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nchọpụta na Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society na [[Harvard University|Mahadum Harvard]], ebe ọ na-elekwasị anya na ọchịchị ọdịnaya, ikike dijitalụ, na mmetụta omume nke teknụzụ na-apụta. Na Berkeley Human Rights Center, ọ gara n'ihu na-enyocha mmetụta nke ọgụgụ isi aka na ndị a na-akparaghị ókè na akụ na ụba dijitalụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'oge gara aga, Owono guzobere <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program on Democracy and the Internet Launches New Content Policy & Society Lab (CPSL) |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/news/pdi-project-launch/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> Content Policy and Society Lab (CPSL) na Mahadum Stanford, ụlọ nyocha nke a raara nye ịmụ itinye n'ọrụ usoro ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye aka na ọchịchị nke teknụzụ na-apụta (Stanford PACS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Articles about Content Policy & Society Lab - The Stanford Daily |url=https://stanforddaily.com/tag/content-policy-society-lab/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |first1=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> CPSL nyere aka n'inyocha otu olu dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ndị obodo, ndị na-eme iwu, na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ, nwere ike ijikọ aka iji mepụta usoro ọchịchị maka AI na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=[INTERVIEW] "Exploring different options within Content Policy" with Julie Owono |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/public/chaire-numerique/en/2022/05/13/interview-exploring-different-options-within-content-policy-with-julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> E wezụga agụmakwụkwọ, Owono bụ onye nduzi a ma ama na onye ndụmọdụ maka ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na-etinye aka na ikike dijitalụ, nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, na iji AI eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ (CPJ),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=CPJ welcomes newsroom and human rights leaders to board of directors |url=https://cpj.org/2024/03/cpj-welcomes-newsroom-and-human-rights-leaders-to-board-of-directors/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> Witness, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.witness.org/portfolio_page/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=WITNESS |language=en-US}}</ref> Meedan,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Core Values & Team |url=https://meedan.com/about-us/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=meedan.com |language=en}}</ref> na Dangerous Speech Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team |url=https://www.dangerousspeech.org/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.dangerousspeech.org |language=en}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ na-eje ozi na Advisory Board nke Latimer AI,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latimer: AI for Everyone - Inclusive Language Model |url=https://www.latimer.ai |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.latimer.ai |language=en}}</ref> atụmatụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta usoro AI na-agụnye nke na-asọpụrụ ikike mmadụ. Ọrụ Owono na-egosipụta mkpebi ya ịkwado maka ọchịchị omume ọma n'oge AI,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNk-AtCxAhc |title=Julie Owono : Intelligence artificielle et droits humains |date=2019-02-11 |last=UNESCO |access-date=2025-05-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> na-ahụ na a na-emepụta teknụzụ na-apụta ma na-etinye ya n'ọrụ n'ụzọ na-akwado ụkpụrụ ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ na-etinye echiche dịgasị iche iche, nke ọtụtụ ndị metụtara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How the internet and ChatGPT will cause the rise or fall of our society with Julie Owono - The Executive Appeal with Alex D. Tremble |url=https://the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm/episode/93-how-the-internet-and-chatgpt-will-casuse-the-rise-or-fall-of-our-societywith-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502214826/https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-date=2025-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> == Onyinye & Nsọpụrụ == A matara Julie Owono maka ọrụ ya na-emetụta ya na ngalaba nke Azụmaahịa, ikike dijitalụ, ọchịchị Ịntanetị, na ikike mmadụ. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ya: * '''2019-2021''': Practitioner Fellow, Digital Civil Society Lab, Stanford PACS, Mahadum Stanford <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |first1=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2019-2020''': Fellow, Berkman Klein Center, Mahadum Harvard <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Julie Owono {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> * '''2020''': Otu n'ime ndị Afrịka 100 kacha nwee mmetụta, New African Magazine <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-03 |title=100 Most Influential Africans hector |url=https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603104329/https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 }}</ref> * '''2021''': E depụtara ya site na Nob Hill Gazette nke San Francisco dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ike <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Written by Jennifer Massoni Pardini {{!}} Photography by Spencer |date=2022-03-04 |title=Women In Power: Future/Female |url=https://www.nobhillgazette.com/people/profile/women-in-power-future-female/article_e8cef9f6-8f1b-551a-9cf4-8d336117463c.html |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=nobhillgazette.com |language=en}}</ref> * '''2022''': Onye Azụmaahịa nke Afọ, French-American Chamber of Commerce nke San Francisco <ref>{{Cite web |last=Labriet-Gross |first=Hélène |date=2022-05-24 |title=FABA : les gagnants de l'édition 2022 sont... |url=https://www.frenchmorning.com/faba-les-gagnants-de-ledition-2022-sont/?slug=628630-82306-9802a1&token=a600710f7f02ef6b4bcffb82a70858be678b7ca744f0e620063934c332aadbe9 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=French Morning US |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * '''2022''': Fellow, Program on Democracy and the Internet, Stanford PACS, Stanford University <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |last2=Democracy |first2=Program on |last3=Internet |first3=the |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono-2/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2024''': Fellow, Human Rights Center, Mahadum California, Berkeley <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://humanrights.berkeley.edu/people/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Berkeley Human Rights Center |language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] th3g52cv63eea9qa8upcn3hbgseyxbv 727672 727671 2026-09-24T17:49:31Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727672 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Julie Owono''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1986) bụ ọkaiwu na onye nyocha agụmakwụkwọ si mba France na Cameroon. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2021, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke otu Internet Without Borders (IWB), nakwa dị ka otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi (Oversight Board) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono|title=Julie Owono: Affiliate|website=Berkman Klein Center |date=29 August 2025 }}</ref> nke Facebook, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Owono na Cameroon ma too na Russia na France. Ọ bụ onye na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, na-asọpụta asụsụ ise nke ọma gụnyere Russian na [[Asụsụ Ewondo|Ewondo]], asụsụ nne ya. Owono nwetara nzere masta na International Law site na La Sorbonne Law School .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede blọgụ maka Global Voices na onye na-ede kọlụm echiche maka Al-Jazeera, ebe ọ na-ekwu okwu gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mpaghara Gulf of Guinea. N'agbata afọ 2012 na 2020, ọ nyochara ma kwuo okwu gbasara akụkọ mba ụwa maka ọtụtụ mmemme n'asụsụ French na Bekee na ọwa mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nke France bụ France 24. == Ịntanetị Na-enweghị Ókèala == Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 2010, Owono na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Internet Sans Frontieres, "otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na Paris na-akwado nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ịntanetị", na-aghọ onye isi oche Africa ya.<ref name="Ozy">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ozy.com/around-the-world/the-battle-for-a-free-internet-in-africa/79011/|title=The Battle for a Free Internet in Africa|date=June 27, 2017|website=OZY}}</ref> N'ọrụ ahụ, ọ toro uto nke uto ịntanetị na mba ndị Afrịka, mana dọrọ aka ná ntị na gọọmentị ha ga-ezere inyocha ịntanetị, na-ekwu na "[gọọmentị] enweghị ike ikwu na ọ chọrọ ịbanye n'ụzọ zuru ezu na akụ na ụba dijitalụ ma mesoo ihe dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba ahụ n'ụzọ anyị hụrụ ruo ugbu a".[a] N'afọ 2018 na 2019, Owono gbalịrị ịmanye gọọmentị [[Chad]] ka ha weghachite ohere ịntanetị nke e wepụrụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba ahụ. Owono gosipụtara na mgbochi ahụ mere "n'ihi na a na-ekerịta vidiyo nke esemokwu ime ihe ike n'etiti agbụrụ Zaghawa dị n'ebe ugwu Chad na WhatsApp". Owono gbalịrị ime ka ndị agha ọdịda anyanwụ jikọọ aka ka ha rụgide gọọmentị Chad iji weghachite ohere mana o nwere nkụda mmụọ na nzaghachi ahụ. Owono lekọtara nchịkọta ego iji zụta ohere VPN maka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, nke nwetara € 2,000 ($ 2250). N'afọ 2020, Owono bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ si gburugburu ụwa aha ha bụ Facebook Oversight Board, otu e guzobere iji mee mkpebi ndị dị mkpa gbasara imezi ọdịnaya na nyiwe Facebook na Instagram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/facebook-names-first-members-of-oversight-board-for-content-moderation.html|title=These are the people Facebook put in charge of deciding whether to delete controversial posts|last=Bursztynsky|first=Jessica|date=6 May 2020|website=CNBC}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, Owono bụ onye isi nchịkwa na IWB . N'ọnwa Julaị 2023, na-agbaso aro sitere n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nlekọta ka ha wepụ onye isi ala [[Cambodia]] bụ [[Hun Sen]], gọọmentị Cambodia depụtara Owono dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ nwere njikọ na Meta bụ ndị a machibidoro ịbanye na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501318760/cambodia-bans-22-members-of-the-board-of-directors-of-meta-platforms-inc-from-entering-country/|title=Cambodia bans 22 members of the Board of Directors of Meta Platforms. Inc from entering country - Khmer Times|date=July 4, 2023}}</ref> == Kọmitii Nlekọta META == Julie Owono abụrụla otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi nke Meta (Meta Oversight Board) kemgbe e guzobere ya n'afọ 2020. N'ọrụ a, ọ na-enye aka n'ebumnuche kọmitii ahụ nke inyocha na ime mkpebi ndị a ga-agbasorịrị gbasara okwu ndị siri ike metụtara nchịkwa ọdịnaya n'elu ikpo okwu dị iche iche nke Meta, gụnyere Facebook na Instagram. Ọrụ Owono na-emesi ike mkpa ọ dị ịkwado ikike ikwupụta echiche onwe onye ma na-elebakwa anya n'okwu gbasara ọdịnaya ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Levy |first=Steven |title=Inside Meta's Oversight Board: 2 Years of Pushing Limits |url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-metas-oversight-board-two-years-of-pushing-limits/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> E wezụga ọrụ ikpe ya, Owono na-etinye aka n'okwu ihu ọha banyere ọchịchị ọdịnaya. O sonyere na ihe omume na mkparịta ụka dị iche iche, gụnyere ịpụta na pọdkastị dịka "Wonks and War Rooms",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubois |first=Elizabeth |date=2023-03-08 |title=Meta Oversight Board with Julie Owono |url=https://www.polcommtech.com/post/meta-oversight-board-with-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=PolCommTech.ca |language=en}}</ref> ebe ọ kọwapụtara usoro Nlekọta na ihe ịma aka nke imezi ọdịnaya. Nghọta ya na-enye aka na mkparịta ụka sara mbara banyere nghọta, ịza ajụjụ, na ibu ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke usoro mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ijikwa okwu n'ịntanetị. == Mmekọrịta na nyocha == Julie Owono na-etinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi n'ịkwalite njikọ nke azụmahịa, ikike mmadụ, na ọgụgụ isi aka site na njikọ ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Owono |first1=Julie |last2=Lenard |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Wallsten |first3=Scott |date=2025-05-12 |title=Julie Owono on the Importance of Establishing a Democratic Agenda for Content Governance - Publications |url=https://techpolicyinstitute.org/publications/content-moderation/julie-owono-on-the-importance-of-establishing-a-democratic-agenda-for-content-governance/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=The Technology Policy Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nchọpụta na Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society na [[Harvard University|Mahadum Harvard]], ebe ọ na-elekwasị anya na ọchịchị ọdịnaya, ikike dijitalụ, na mmetụta omume nke teknụzụ na-apụta. Na Berkeley Human Rights Center, ọ gara n'ihu na-enyocha mmetụta nke ọgụgụ isi aka na ndị a na-akparaghị ókè na akụ na ụba dijitalụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'oge gara aga, Owono guzobere <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program on Democracy and the Internet Launches New Content Policy & Society Lab (CPSL) |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/news/pdi-project-launch/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> Content Policy and Society Lab (CPSL) na Mahadum Stanford, ụlọ nyocha nke a raara nye ịmụ itinye n'ọrụ usoro ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye aka na ọchịchị nke teknụzụ na-apụta (Stanford PACS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Articles about Content Policy & Society Lab - The Stanford Daily |url=https://stanforddaily.com/tag/content-policy-society-lab/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |first1=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> CPSL nyere aka n'inyocha otu olu dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ndị obodo, ndị na-eme iwu, na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ, nwere ike ijikọ aka iji mepụta usoro ọchịchị maka AI na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=[INTERVIEW] "Exploring different options within Content Policy" with Julie Owono |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/public/chaire-numerique/en/2022/05/13/interview-exploring-different-options-within-content-policy-with-julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> E wezụga agụmakwụkwọ, Owono bụ onye nduzi a ma ama na onye ndụmọdụ maka ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na-etinye aka na ikike dijitalụ, nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, na iji AI eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ (CPJ),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=CPJ welcomes newsroom and human rights leaders to board of directors |url=https://cpj.org/2024/03/cpj-welcomes-newsroom-and-human-rights-leaders-to-board-of-directors/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> Witness, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.witness.org/portfolio_page/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=WITNESS |language=en-US}}</ref> Meedan,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Core Values & Team |url=https://meedan.com/about-us/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=meedan.com |language=en}}</ref> na Dangerous Speech Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team |url=https://www.dangerousspeech.org/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.dangerousspeech.org |language=en}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ na-eje ozi na Advisory Board nke Latimer AI,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latimer: AI for Everyone - Inclusive Language Model |url=https://www.latimer.ai |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.latimer.ai |language=en}}</ref> atụmatụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta usoro AI na-agụnye nke na-asọpụrụ ikike mmadụ. Ọrụ Owono na-egosipụta mkpebi ya ịkwado maka ọchịchị omume ọma n'oge AI,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNk-AtCxAhc |title=Julie Owono : Intelligence artificielle et droits humains |date=2019-02-11 |last=UNESCO |access-date=2025-05-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> na-ahụ na a na-emepụta teknụzụ na-apụta ma na-etinye ya n'ọrụ n'ụzọ na-akwado ụkpụrụ ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ na-etinye echiche dịgasị iche iche, nke ọtụtụ ndị metụtara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How the internet and ChatGPT will cause the rise or fall of our society with Julie Owono - The Executive Appeal with Alex D. Tremble |url=https://the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm/episode/93-how-the-internet-and-chatgpt-will-casuse-the-rise-or-fall-of-our-societywith-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502214826/https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-date=2025-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> == Onyinye & Nsọpụrụ == A matara Julie Owono maka ọrụ ya na-emetụta ya na ngalaba nke Azụmaahịa, ikike dijitalụ, ọchịchị Ịntanetị, na ikike mmadụ. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ya: * '''2019-2021''': Practitioner Fellow, Digital Civil Society Lab, Stanford PACS, Mahadum Stanford <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |first1=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2019-2020''': Fellow, Berkman Klein Center, Mahadum Harvard <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Julie Owono {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> * '''2020''': Otu n'ime ndị Afrịka 100 kacha nwee mmetụta, New African Magazine <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-03 |title=100 Most Influential Africans hector |url=https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603104329/https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 }}</ref> * '''2021''': E depụtara ya site na Nob Hill Gazette nke San Francisco dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ike <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Written by Jennifer Massoni Pardini {{!}} Photography by Spencer |date=2022-03-04 |title=Women In Power: Future/Female |url=https://www.nobhillgazette.com/people/profile/women-in-power-future-female/article_e8cef9f6-8f1b-551a-9cf4-8d336117463c.html |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=nobhillgazette.com |language=en}}</ref> * '''2022''': Onye Azụmaahịa nke Afọ, French-American Chamber of Commerce nke San Francisco <ref>{{Cite web |last=Labriet-Gross |first=Hélène |date=2022-05-24 |title=FABA : les gagnants de l'édition 2022 sont... |url=https://www.frenchmorning.com/faba-les-gagnants-de-ledition-2022-sont/?slug=628630-82306-9802a1&token=a600710f7f02ef6b4bcffb82a70858be678b7ca744f0e620063934c332aadbe9 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=French Morning US |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * '''2022''': Fellow, Program on Democracy and the Internet, Stanford PACS, Stanford University <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |last2=Democracy |first2=Program on |last3=Internet |first3=the |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono-2/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2024''': Fellow, Human Rights Center, Mahadum California, Berkeley <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://humanrights.berkeley.edu/people/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Berkeley Human Rights Center |language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pybm0619mpur1xtlnskv8ng3cyutz70 727900 727672 2026-09-25T10:55:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727900 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Julie Owono''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1986) bụ ọkaiwu na onye nyocha agụmakwụkwọ si mba France na Cameroon. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2021, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke otu Internet Without Borders (IWB), nakwa dị ka otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi (Oversight Board) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono|title=Julie Owono: Affiliate|website=Berkman Klein Center |date=29 August 2025 }}</ref> nke Facebook, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Owono na Cameroon ma too na Russia na France. Ọ bụ onye na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, na-asọpụta asụsụ ise nke ọma gụnyere Russian na [[Asụsụ Ewondo|Ewondo]], asụsụ nne ya. Owono nwetara nzere masta na International Law site na La Sorbonne Law School .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede blọgụ maka Global Voices na onye na-ede kọlụm echiche maka Al-Jazeera, ebe ọ na-ekwu okwu gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mpaghara Gulf of Guinea. N'agbata afọ 2012 na 2020, ọ nyochara ma kwuo okwu gbasara akụkọ mba ụwa maka ọtụtụ mmemme n'asụsụ French na Bekee na ọwa mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nke France bụ France 24. == Ịntanetị Na-enweghị Ókèala == Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 2010, Owono na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Internet Sans Frontieres, "otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na Paris na-akwado nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ịntanetị", na-aghọ onye isi oche Africa ya.<ref name="Ozy">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ozy.com/around-the-world/the-battle-for-a-free-internet-in-africa/79011/|title=The Battle for a Free Internet in Africa|date=June 27, 2017|website=OZY|access-date=September 24, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910184052/https://www.ozy.com/around-the-world/the-battle-for-a-free-internet-in-africa/79011|archive-date=September 10, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ọrụ ahụ, ọ toro uto nke uto ịntanetị na mba ndị Afrịka, mana dọrọ aka ná ntị na gọọmentị ha ga-ezere inyocha ịntanetị, na-ekwu na "[gọọmentị] enweghị ike ikwu na ọ chọrọ ịbanye n'ụzọ zuru ezu na akụ na ụba dijitalụ ma mesoo ihe dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba ahụ n'ụzọ anyị hụrụ ruo ugbu a".[a] N'afọ 2018 na 2019, Owono gbalịrị ịmanye gọọmentị [[Chad]] ka ha weghachite ohere ịntanetị nke e wepụrụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba ahụ. Owono gosipụtara na mgbochi ahụ mere "n'ihi na a na-ekerịta vidiyo nke esemokwu ime ihe ike n'etiti agbụrụ Zaghawa dị n'ebe ugwu Chad na WhatsApp". Owono gbalịrị ime ka ndị agha ọdịda anyanwụ jikọọ aka ka ha rụgide gọọmentị Chad iji weghachite ohere mana o nwere nkụda mmụọ na nzaghachi ahụ. Owono lekọtara nchịkọta ego iji zụta ohere VPN maka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, nke nwetara € 2,000 ($ 2250). N'afọ 2020, Owono bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ si gburugburu ụwa aha ha bụ Facebook Oversight Board, otu e guzobere iji mee mkpebi ndị dị mkpa gbasara imezi ọdịnaya na nyiwe Facebook na Instagram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/facebook-names-first-members-of-oversight-board-for-content-moderation.html|title=These are the people Facebook put in charge of deciding whether to delete controversial posts|last=Bursztynsky|first=Jessica|date=6 May 2020|website=CNBC}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, Owono bụ onye isi nchịkwa na IWB . N'ọnwa Julaị 2023, na-agbaso aro sitere n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nlekọta ka ha wepụ onye isi ala [[Cambodia]] bụ [[Hun Sen]], gọọmentị Cambodia depụtara Owono dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ nwere njikọ na Meta bụ ndị a machibidoro ịbanye na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501318760/cambodia-bans-22-members-of-the-board-of-directors-of-meta-platforms-inc-from-entering-country/|title=Cambodia bans 22 members of the Board of Directors of Meta Platforms. Inc from entering country - Khmer Times|date=July 4, 2023}}</ref> == Kọmitii Nlekọta META == Julie Owono abụrụla otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mkpebi nke Meta (Meta Oversight Board) kemgbe e guzobere ya n'afọ 2020. N'ọrụ a, ọ na-enye aka n'ebumnuche kọmitii ahụ nke inyocha na ime mkpebi ndị a ga-agbasorịrị gbasara okwu ndị siri ike metụtara nchịkwa ọdịnaya n'elu ikpo okwu dị iche iche nke Meta, gụnyere Facebook na Instagram. Ọrụ Owono na-emesi ike mkpa ọ dị ịkwado ikike ikwupụta echiche onwe onye ma na-elebakwa anya n'okwu gbasara ọdịnaya ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Levy |first=Steven |title=Inside Meta's Oversight Board: 2 Years of Pushing Limits |url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-metas-oversight-board-two-years-of-pushing-limits/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> E wezụga ọrụ ikpe ya, Owono na-etinye aka n'okwu ihu ọha banyere ọchịchị ọdịnaya. O sonyere na ihe omume na mkparịta ụka dị iche iche, gụnyere ịpụta na pọdkastị dịka "Wonks and War Rooms",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubois |first=Elizabeth |date=2023-03-08 |title=Meta Oversight Board with Julie Owono |url=https://www.polcommtech.com/post/meta-oversight-board-with-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=PolCommTech.ca |language=en}}</ref> ebe ọ kọwapụtara usoro Nlekọta na ihe ịma aka nke imezi ọdịnaya. Nghọta ya na-enye aka na mkparịta ụka sara mbara banyere nghọta, ịza ajụjụ, na ibu ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke usoro mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ijikwa okwu n'ịntanetị. == Mmekọrịta na nyocha == Julie Owono na-etinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi n'ịkwalite njikọ nke azụmahịa, ikike mmadụ, na ọgụgụ isi aka site na njikọ ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Owono |first1=Julie |last2=Lenard |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Wallsten |first3=Scott |date=2025-05-12 |title=Julie Owono on the Importance of Establishing a Democratic Agenda for Content Governance - Publications |url=https://techpolicyinstitute.org/publications/content-moderation/julie-owono-on-the-importance-of-establishing-a-democratic-agenda-for-content-governance/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=The Technology Policy Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nchọpụta na Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society na [[Harvard University|Mahadum Harvard]], ebe ọ na-elekwasị anya na ọchịchị ọdịnaya, ikike dijitalụ, na mmetụta omume nke teknụzụ na-apụta. Na Berkeley Human Rights Center, ọ gara n'ihu na-enyocha mmetụta nke ọgụgụ isi aka na ndị a na-akparaghị ókè na akụ na ụba dijitalụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'oge gara aga, Owono guzobere <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program on Democracy and the Internet Launches New Content Policy & Society Lab (CPSL) |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/news/pdi-project-launch/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> Content Policy and Society Lab (CPSL) na Mahadum Stanford, ụlọ nyocha nke a raara nye ịmụ itinye n'ọrụ usoro ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye aka na ọchịchị nke teknụzụ na-apụta (Stanford PACS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Articles about Content Policy & Society Lab - The Stanford Daily |url=https://stanforddaily.com/tag/content-policy-society-lab/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |first1=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> CPSL nyere aka n'inyocha otu olu dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ndị obodo, ndị na-eme iwu, na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ, nwere ike ijikọ aka iji mepụta usoro ọchịchị maka AI na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=[INTERVIEW] "Exploring different options within Content Policy" with Julie Owono |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/public/chaire-numerique/en/2022/05/13/interview-exploring-different-options-within-content-policy-with-julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> E wezụga agụmakwụkwọ, Owono bụ onye nduzi a ma ama na onye ndụmọdụ maka ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na-etinye aka na ikike dijitalụ, nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, na iji AI eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ (CPJ),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=CPJ welcomes newsroom and human rights leaders to board of directors |url=https://cpj.org/2024/03/cpj-welcomes-newsroom-and-human-rights-leaders-to-board-of-directors/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> Witness, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.witness.org/portfolio_page/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=WITNESS |language=en-US}}</ref> Meedan,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Core Values & Team |url=https://meedan.com/about-us/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=meedan.com |language=en}}</ref> na Dangerous Speech Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team |url=https://www.dangerousspeech.org/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.dangerousspeech.org |language=en}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ na-eje ozi na Advisory Board nke Latimer AI,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latimer: AI for Everyone - Inclusive Language Model |url=https://www.latimer.ai |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.latimer.ai |language=en}}</ref> atụmatụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta usoro AI na-agụnye nke na-asọpụrụ ikike mmadụ. Ọrụ Owono na-egosipụta mkpebi ya ịkwado maka ọchịchị omume ọma n'oge AI,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNk-AtCxAhc |title=Julie Owono : Intelligence artificielle et droits humains |date=2019-02-11 |last=UNESCO |access-date=2025-05-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> na-ahụ na a na-emepụta teknụzụ na-apụta ma na-etinye ya n'ọrụ n'ụzọ na-akwado ụkpụrụ ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ na-etinye echiche dịgasị iche iche, nke ọtụtụ ndị metụtara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How the internet and ChatGPT will cause the rise or fall of our society with Julie Owono - The Executive Appeal with Alex D. Tremble |url=https://the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm/episode/93-how-the-internet-and-chatgpt-will-casuse-the-rise-or-fall-of-our-societywith-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502214826/https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-date=2025-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> == Onyinye & Nsọpụrụ == A matara Julie Owono maka ọrụ ya na-emetụta ya na ngalaba nke Azụmaahịa, ikike dijitalụ, ọchịchị Ịntanetị, na ikike mmadụ. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ya: * '''2019-2021''': Practitioner Fellow, Digital Civil Society Lab, Stanford PACS, Mahadum Stanford <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |first1=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2019-2020''': Fellow, Berkman Klein Center, Mahadum Harvard <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Julie Owono {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> * '''2020''': Otu n'ime ndị Afrịka 100 kacha nwee mmetụta, New African Magazine <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-03 |title=100 Most Influential Africans hector |url=https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603104329/https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 }}</ref> * '''2021''': E depụtara ya site na Nob Hill Gazette nke San Francisco dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ike <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Written by Jennifer Massoni Pardini {{!}} Photography by Spencer |date=2022-03-04 |title=Women In Power: Future/Female |url=https://www.nobhillgazette.com/people/profile/women-in-power-future-female/article_e8cef9f6-8f1b-551a-9cf4-8d336117463c.html |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=nobhillgazette.com |language=en}}</ref> * '''2022''': Onye Azụmaahịa nke Afọ, French-American Chamber of Commerce nke San Francisco <ref>{{Cite web |last=Labriet-Gross |first=Hélène |date=2022-05-24 |title=FABA : les gagnants de l'édition 2022 sont... |url=https://www.frenchmorning.com/faba-les-gagnants-de-ledition-2022-sont/?slug=628630-82306-9802a1&token=a600710f7f02ef6b4bcffb82a70858be678b7ca744f0e620063934c332aadbe9 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=French Morning US |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * '''2022''': Fellow, Program on Democracy and the Internet, Stanford PACS, Stanford University <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fellow |last2=Democracy |first2=Program on |last3=Internet |first3=the |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono-2/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2024''': Fellow, Human Rights Center, Mahadum California, Berkeley <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://humanrights.berkeley.edu/people/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Berkeley Human Rights Center |language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ovjtgwqdgndhokw7y9q32rnmhxzj7nw 0 80746 727674 2026-09-24T17:56:24Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366748083|Jeannine Mukanirwa]]" 727674 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1965) bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Congo. Amnesty International amatala ya maka ọrụ ya maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nkwalite udo. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Jeannine Mukanirwa na 1965 na [[Kinshasa]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. O nwere ụmụ abụọ. == Mgbalị == Mukanirwa malitere ọrụ ịgbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na 1989. N'afọ 2001, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi nke *Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Feminines* (PAIF), bụ́ otu na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Congo. Na 26 Jenụwarị, ndị ọchịchị Congo jidere ya n'ihi enyo na o tinyere aka n'ogbugbu Onye isi ala Laurent-Désiré Kabila. A tapụtara ya n'ọnwa sochirinụ. ma mesịa kwaga Canada iji zere mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mana ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka PAIF. [2] Na mbido afọ 2000 ọ katọrọ ndina n'ike ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo. N'afọ 2002, Amnesty International nyere ya Ginetta Sagan Award maka ọrụ ya maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ịkwalite udo. <ref name="medica" /> Mukanirwa lekọtara mwepụta nke akwụkwọ nta banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na Congo na 2007. N'afọ 2009, ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi nke Medica mondiale's Peacebuilding Project na Congo. N'afọ 2018 o wepụtara onwe ya dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa Onye isi ala nke Democratic Republic of the Congo na ntuli aka Disemba. == Edensibịa ==   == Ọrụ ndị e depụtara == * {{Citation |last=U.S. Department of State |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State |date=2002 |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VJBaFvl30sC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |ref={{harvid|U.S. Department of State|2002}}}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 5xmtsmb534pk8atnfawyxrucxvy7gjs 727677 727674 2026-09-24T18:01:01Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727677 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1965) bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Congo. Amnesty International amatala ya maka ọrụ ya maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nkwalite udo. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Jeannine Mukanirwa na 1965 na [[Kinshasa]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. O nwere ụmụ abụọ.<ref name= medica>{{cite web| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/droi/dv/5_07cvmukanirwa_/5_07cvmukanirwa_en.pdf| title = Participant's Information: Presenting the participants of the international delegation: Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu| date = 2014| publisher = Medica Mondiale| access-date = 9 August 2021}}</ref> == Mgbalị == Mukanirwa malitere ọrụ ịgbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na 1989. N'afọ 2001, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi nke *Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Feminines* (PAIF), bụ́ otu na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Congo. Na 26 Jenụwarị, ndị ọchịchị Congo jidere ya n'ihi enyo na o tinyere aka n'ogbugbu Onye isi ala Laurent-Désiré Kabila. A tapụtara ya n'ọnwa sochirinụ. ma mesịa kwaga Canada iji zere mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mana ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka PAIF. [2] Na mbido afọ 2000 ọ katọrọ ndina n'ike ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo.<ref name= rodriguez>{{cite web| url = https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/| title = 7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages| last = Rodriguez| first = Leah| date = 9 August 2021| website = Global Citizen}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, Amnesty International nyere ya Ginetta Sagan Award maka ọrụ ya maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ịkwalite udo. <ref name= medica/><ref name= AI>{{cite web| url = https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award/| title = The Ginetta Sagan Award| publisher = [[Amnesty International]]| access-date = 10 August 2021}}</ref> Mukanirwa lekọtara mwepụta nke akwụkwọ nta banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na Congo na 2007. <ref>{{cite news| last = Kiala| first = Regine| title = Avec l'appui de ECDI, PAC et Wold vision, un guide de sensibilisation contre les violences faites aux femmes de la RDC| newspaper = Le Potentiel| language = French| date = 11 July 2007| url = https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200707110411.html| access-date = 10 August 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi nke Medica mondiale's Peacebuilding Project na Congo. N'afọ 2018 o wepụtara onwe ya dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa Onye isi ala nke Democratic Republic of the Congo na ntuli aka Disemba.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.africanewsrdc.net/actu/jeannine-mukanirwa-appelle-les-rd-congolais-a-adherer-a-sa-vision-2060/| title = Jeannine Mukanirwa appelle les RD-congolais à adhérer à sa vision 2060| date = 8 August 2018| language = French| website = AfricaNews|first=Merisa|last=Matete| access-date = 10 August 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị e depụtara == * {{Citation |last=U.S. Department of State |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State |date=2002 |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VJBaFvl30sC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |ref={{harvid|U.S. Department of State|2002}}}} == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 3zkfhc31p898x9tb8awr70wy03c2pfl 727679 727677 2026-09-24T18:03:27Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727679 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1965) bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Congo. Amnesty International amatala ya maka ọrụ ya maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nkwalite udo. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Jeannine Mukanirwa na 1965 na [[Kinshasa]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. O nwere ụmụ abụọ.<ref name= medica>{{cite web| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/droi/dv/5_07cvmukanirwa_/5_07cvmukanirwa_en.pdf| title = Participant's Information: Presenting the participants of the international delegation: Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu| date = 2014| publisher = Medica Mondiale| access-date = 9 August 2021}}</ref> == Mgbalị == Mukanirwa malitere ọrụ ịgbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na 1989. N'afọ 2001, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi nke *Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Feminines* (PAIF), bụ́ otu na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Congo. Na 26 Jenụwarị, ndị ọchịchị Congo jidere ya n'ihi enyo na o tinyere aka n'ogbugbu Onye isi ala Laurent-Désiré Kabila. A tapụtara ya n'ọnwa sochirinụ. ma mesịa kwaga Canada iji zere mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mana ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka PAIF.{{sfn|U.S. Department of State|2002|pp=153–154}} Na mbido afọ 2000 ọ katọrọ ndina n'ike ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo.<ref name= rodriguez>{{cite web| url = https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/| title = 7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages| last = Rodriguez| first = Leah| date = 9 August 2021| website = Global Citizen}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, Amnesty International nyere ya Ginetta Sagan Award maka ọrụ ya maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ịkwalite udo. <ref name= medica/><ref name= AI>{{cite web| url = https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award/| title = The Ginetta Sagan Award| publisher = [[Amnesty International]]| access-date = 10 August 2021}}</ref> Mukanirwa lekọtara mwepụta nke akwụkwọ nta banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na Congo na 2007. <ref>{{cite news| last = Kiala| first = Regine| title = Avec l'appui de ECDI, PAC et Wold vision, un guide de sensibilisation contre les violences faites aux femmes de la RDC| newspaper = Le Potentiel| language = French| date = 11 July 2007| url = https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200707110411.html| access-date = 10 August 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi nke Medica mondiale's Peacebuilding Project na Congo. N'afọ 2018 o wepụtara onwe ya dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa Onye isi ala nke Democratic Republic of the Congo na ntuli aka Disemba.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.africanewsrdc.net/actu/jeannine-mukanirwa-appelle-les-rd-congolais-a-adherer-a-sa-vision-2060/| title = Jeannine Mukanirwa appelle les RD-congolais à adhérer à sa vision 2060| date = 8 August 2018| language = French| website = AfricaNews|first=Merisa|last=Matete| access-date = 10 August 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị e depụtara == * {{Citation |last=U.S. Department of State |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State |date=2002 |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VJBaFvl30sC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |ref={{harvid|U.S. Department of State|2002}}}} == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] e62benbye8i0yqaozlis31bj2szzwg5 0 80747 727681 2026-09-24T18:06:22Z Anastesia chi 23720 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369406861|Nebila Abdulmelik]]" 727681 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013. Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.. O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies . == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat . Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ. N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado. == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name? == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:NdịAmụrụ n'afọ 1987]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwaanyị]] tniyteofv5oguifzc5tfu2230qi5wej 727684 727681 2026-09-24T18:09:31Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added category 727684 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013. Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.. O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies . == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat . Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ. N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado. == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name? == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] eyto21be7f9wytxnrz5wmt9p6t8j0xv 727685 727684 2026-09-24T18:13:32Z Anastesia chi 23720 727685 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013. Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.. O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies . == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat . Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ. N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado. == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name? == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulmelik, Nebila}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] t1zujf78ojhovm2149xp2u1voizpn15 727686 727685 2026-09-24T18:15:02Z Anastesia chi 23720 727686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013. Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.. O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies . == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat . Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ. N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado. == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name? == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulmelik, Nebila}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] by7ywc0bjov8iwgsqqcli6wqlzbwzqw 727693 727686 2026-09-24T18:29:07Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error 727693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz<ref>{{Cite web |last=FEMNET |date=2013-12-09 |title=One on One : Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org/2013/12/one-on-one-nebila-abdulmelik/ |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=FEMNET |language=en-US}}</ref> nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-10-28|title=Trending: #JusticeforLiz and the rape that's shocked Kenya|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24716407|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Nada |title=Gender, Race, and Sudan's Exile Politics Do We All Belong to This Country? |date=29 July 2015 |publisher=Lexington Books |page=177 |isbn=978-1-4985-0050-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxoqCgAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik&pg=PA177}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. <ref>{{Cite Web|title=One on One: Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org| access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref>. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MARMIER |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Nebila ABDULMELIK |url=https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-nebila-abdulmelik |website=Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices}}</ref> O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies . == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat . Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ. N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado. == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name? == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulmelik, Nebila}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] or67spas6txtha13rted08usuvcmadi 727732 727693 2026-09-24T21:45:46Z Anastesia chi 23720 727732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz<ref>{{Cite web |last=FEMNET |date=2013-12-09 |title=One on One : Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org/2013/12/one-on-one-nebila-abdulmelik/ |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=FEMNET |language=en-US}}</ref> nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-10-28|title=Trending: #JusticeforLiz and the rape that's shocked Kenya|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24716407|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Nada |title=Gender, Race, and Sudan's Exile Politics Do We All Belong to This Country? |date=29 July 2015 |publisher=Lexington Books |page=177 |isbn=978-1-4985-0050-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxoqCgAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik&pg=PA177}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. <ref>{{Cite Web|title=One on One: Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org| access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref>. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MARMIER |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Nebila ABDULMELIK |url=https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-nebila-abdulmelik |website=Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices}}</ref> O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies .<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moffett |first1=Helen |title=ID Identity: New Short Fiction From Africa |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=New Internationalist |page=280 |isbn=978-1-78026-460-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNxFDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik+ucla&pg=PA280}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nebila Abdulmelik {{!}} Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance|url=http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221202507/http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ. N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii. N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado. == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name? == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulmelik, Nebila}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] hpaxe5hm0cpt3a839xon8fxptdcfpe6 727733 727732 2026-09-24T21:51:34Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error 727733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz<ref>{{Cite web |last=FEMNET |date=2013-12-09 |title=One on One : Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org/2013/12/one-on-one-nebila-abdulmelik/ |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=FEMNET |language=en-US}}</ref> nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-10-28|title=Trending: #JusticeforLiz and the rape that's shocked Kenya|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24716407|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Nada |title=Gender, Race, and Sudan's Exile Politics Do We All Belong to This Country? |date=29 July 2015 |publisher=Lexington Books |page=177 |isbn=978-1-4985-0050-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxoqCgAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik&pg=PA177}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. <ref>{{Cite Web|title=One on One: Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org| access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref>. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MARMIER |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Nebila ABDULMELIK |url=https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-nebila-abdulmelik |website=Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices}}</ref> O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies .<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moffett |first1=Helen |title=ID Identity: New Short Fiction From Africa |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=New Internationalist |page=280 |isbn=978-1-78026-460-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNxFDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik+ucla&pg=PA280}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nebila Abdulmelik {{!}} Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance|url=http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221202507/http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya teen gang rape case sparks outrage, protests|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/11/1/kenya-teen-gang-rapecasesparksoutrageprotests.html|access-date=2021-08-10|website=america.aljazeera.com}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#JusticeforLiz: Power and Privilege in Digital Transnational Women's Rights Activism|url=https://www.tandfonline.com|access-date=2015-02-19|website=Taylor&Francis Online}}</ref> N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado. == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name? == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulmelik, Nebila}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] cw7rasfycb566agubrry39v9g9ja4c9 727738 727733 2026-09-24T22:05:33Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error 727738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz<ref>{{Cite web |last=FEMNET |date=2013-12-09 |title=One on One : Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org/2013/12/one-on-one-nebila-abdulmelik/ |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=FEMNET |language=en-US}}</ref> nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-10-28|title=Trending: #JusticeforLiz and the rape that's shocked Kenya|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24716407|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Nada |title=Gender, Race, and Sudan's Exile Politics Do We All Belong to This Country? |date=29 July 2015 |publisher=Lexington Books |page=177 |isbn=978-1-4985-0050-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxoqCgAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik&pg=PA177}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. <ref>{{Cite Web|title=One on One: Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org| access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref>. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MARMIER |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Nebila ABDULMELIK |url=https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-nebila-abdulmelik |website=Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices}}</ref> O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies .<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moffett |first1=Helen |title=ID Identity: New Short Fiction From Africa |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=New Internationalist |page=280 |isbn=978-1-78026-460-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNxFDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik+ucla&pg=PA280}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nebila Abdulmelik {{!}} Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance|url=http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221202507/http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya teen gang rape case sparks outrage, protests|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/11/1/kenya-teen-gang-rapecasesparksoutrageprotests.html|access-date=2021-08-10|website=america.aljazeera.com}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#JusticeforLiz: Power and Privilege in Digital Transnational Women's Rights Activism|url=https://www.tandfonline.com|access-date=2015-02-19|website=Taylor&Francis Online}}</ref> N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-10-28 |title=Trending: #JusticeforLiz and the rape that's shocked Kenya |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24716407 |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee.<ref>{{Cite Web|title=One on One: Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org| access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Global Citizen|date=9 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mother Africa|url=https://www.web.archive.org|website=California Digital Library|date=2009|language=en}}</ref> . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . <ref>{{Cite web|title=You Have Reached the Women|url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net|accessdate=2017-07-27|website=Agenda|language=en}}</ref> Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name?<ref>{{Cite web|title=What’s in a Name?|url=https://www.povo.africa|website=POVO Journal People of Valid Opinion|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulmelik, Nebila}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] ohhwx6u13e9n6j7cwwo0r4eetduyixs 0 80748 727682 2026-09-24T18:06:36Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371446038|Justine Masika Bihamba]]" 727682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justine Masika Bihamba''' (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1966 ) Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ si mba Congo. Dị ka onye nhazi nke otu 'Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence', ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite ndụ ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime ime obodo, chebe ikike mmadụ, ma nyere ndị agha metụtara aka—karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị lanarịrị mmegbu mmekọahụ. Ọrụ a na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara North Kivu, o meela mkpọsa maka ikpe ziri ezi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). O nwetala nkwanye ugwu dị ukwuu n'ọkwa mba ụwa maka ọrụ ọ rụzuru. Ugboro ole na ole, a na-eyi ya egwu na a ga-ejide ya ma ọ bụ gbuo ya. == Ọrụ mbụ == Masika Bihamba nwetara diplọma mba n'afọ 1985, ma mesịa zụọ ya na mmepe obodo, atụmatụ ọrụ, ogbugbo na njikwa esemokwu. N'afọ 2002, o nyere aka na akụkọ Human Rights Watch banyere ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke DRC.<ref name="World People's Blog" /> == Ntọala na ọrụ nke Synergy == N'afọ 2002, Masika Bihamba nyere aka mee nyocha nke ime ihe ike e mere megide ụmụ nwanyị n'ogige mberede e guzobere maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ site na mgbawa ugwu Nyiragongo. N'ịgbaso mkparịta ụka na òtù ndị ọzọ, e mere mkpebi iji guzobe Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence (SFVS). A na-ekewa nzukọ ahụ ụzọ atọ: ngalaba psycho-social, ngalaba ahụike na ngalaba nchekwa iwu. Kemgbe ahụ, SFVS enyewo ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 18 000 nkwado mmetụta uche, ahụike na nke iwu, ma dekọọ ihe omume nke ndina n'ike na North Kivu, na-akpọ maka njide na ikpe nke ndị na-eme ya. == Ntinye aka na netwọk ndị ọzọ == Masika Bihamba bụkwa onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na netwọk ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, dị ka Oxfam Novib, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Belgian Development Cooperation, Usaid, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmepe. Òtù ya Synergie des Femmes na-arụkọ ọrụ na otu ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa Donor Direct Action. == Ihe akaebe na nzukọ nyocha nke ICC == Masika Bihamba gbara akaebe na Nzukọ Nnyocha nke 2010 nke Rome Statute nke Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile (ICC) na Kampala, Uganda. O gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị itinye n'ọrụ usoro ụfọdụ iji kwado ụmụ nwanyị ndị e mere mpụ mmekọahụ ma n'ihi ya na-enwekarị mmerụ ahụ na mkparị. N'echiche ya, enyemaka dị otú ahụ ruo ugbu a ezughi ezu ma ekwesighi ijedebe na enyemaka ego. == Mwakpo na iyi egwu == * N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2007, ndị ikom isii, ndị a kọrọ na ha bụ ndị agha DRC (FARDC), wakporo ụlọ Masika Bihamba na Goma. A kọrọ na ndị ikom ahụ rịọrọ Masika Bihamba, onye na-anọghị ya, wee malite ịchọ ụlọ ahụ. A wakporo otu nwa agbọghọ, a kụkwara onye ọzọ n'ihu nke na a kụrụ ezé. Mgbe Masika Bihamba laghachiri n'ụlọ n'oge mwakpo ahụ, ndị ikom ahụ gbapụrụ. E mechara mata ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha mere ihe ahụ dị ka ndị agha na-eche nche nke onye agha FARDC, mana ejideghị ha ma ọ bụ kpụpụ ha n'ụlọ ikpe, n'agbanyeghị mkpesa iwu megide ha site n'aka Masika Bihamba ụbọchị itoolu mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị. Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ mechara gbaga mba ọzọ maka nchekwa ha. * N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2010, otu onye majie si na Ngalaba Ndị Ọkàiwu Goma kpọrọ Masika Bihamba iji dọọ ya aka ná ntị na enwere ike ijide ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nọgide na-akatọ mmebi ikike mmadụ mere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ DRC. Nke a sochiri mpụta ya na 28 Nọvemba na mmemme TV5 "Na gịnị ma ị gwara m eziokwu niile" (Et si vous me disiez toute la vérité), n'oge Masika Bihamba kwuru okwu karịsịa banyere enweghị ntaramahụhụ, ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na mmebi ikike mmadụ nke General Bosco Ntaganda mere. * Na Machị 2011 Masika Bihamba natara egwu sitere na ọrụ ya gbasara ikike mmadụ, ọkachasị arịrịọ ya maka mmejuputa ngwa ngwa nke ngalaba 1502 nke US Dodd-Frank Act, na-emeso n'ụzọ doro anya nke inweta "mineral esemokwu" site na DRC. * N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2012, n'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ na redio BBC, Masika Bihamba kpọrọ oku ọzọ ka e jide Ntaganda. Izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị na Eprel 10, ya na ndị isi obodo ndị ọzọ nke Congo zutere Onye isi ala Joseph Kabila, na-ekwughachi arịrịọ maka njide Ntaganda. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ natara iyi egwu ọnwụ site na ozi SMS. Mgbe ndị ikom Ntaganda gbara ụlọ nwanne ya nwoke nke nta gburugburu, ọ gbapụrụ na Goma maka oge a chụgara ya na mba Europe. Ọ laghachiri na DRC n'afọ 2013 mgbe Ntaganda nyefere onwe ya maka ikpe na International Criminal Court. == Onyinye == * Justine Masika Bihamba bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 1000 a tụrụ aro maka Nobel Peace Prize 2005. * Ọ natara onyinye Human Rights Tulip site n'aka gọọmentị [[Netherlands]] na 10 Disemba 2008. * N'afọ 2009, e nyere ya Pax Christi International Peace Award . == Edensibịa == <references> <ref name="More magazine" /> <ref name="Amnesty 1" /> <ref name="Daily Motion" /> <ref name="Netherlands Govt" /> <ref name="Washington Post" /> <ref name="Pax Christi" /> <ref name="FIDH" /> <ref name="ICC" /> <ref name="WG1325" /> <ref name="Amnesty 2" /> <ref name="World People's Blog" /> <ref name="Falling Whistles" /> <ref name="Front Line Defenders" /> </references> == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ftfkoaey7cnwysxes4989jnw4c97dnm 727690 727682 2026-09-24T18:18:11Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justine Masika Bihamba''' (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1966 ) Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ si mba Congo. Dị ka onye nhazi nke otu 'Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence', ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite ndụ ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime ime obodo, chebe ikike mmadụ, ma nyere ndị agha metụtara aka—karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị lanarịrị mmegbu mmekọahụ. Ọrụ a na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara North Kivu, o meela mkpọsa maka ikpe ziri ezi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). O nwetala nkwanye ugwu dị ukwuu n'ọkwa mba ụwa maka ọrụ ọ rụzuru. Ugboro ole na ole, a na-eyi ya egwu na a ga-ejide ya ma ọ bụ gbuo ya.<ref name="More magazine">Teresa Wiltz, [http://www.more.com/news/womens-issues/most-dangerous-women-world-justine-masika-bihamba ''The Most Dangerous Women in the World: Justine Masika Bihamba''], [[More (magazine)|”More”]] magazine, 24 May 2010</ref><ref name="Amnesty 1">[http://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/DRC_JustineMasikaBihamba_hirez_10feb09.pdf ''Human Rights Defender at Risk: Justine Masika Bihamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo''], [[Amnesty International|Amnesty]] USA, 10 February 2009</ref> == Ọrụ mbụ == Masika Bihamba nwetara diplọma mba n'afọ 1985, ma mesịa zụọ ya na mmepe obodo, atụmatụ ọrụ, ogbugbo na njikwa esemokwu. N'afọ 2002, o nyere aka na akụkọ Human Rights Watch banyere ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke DRC.<ref name="Daily Motion">[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xjah9v_rdc-obs-temoignage-de-justine-masika-bihamba_news ''Témoignage de Justine Masika Bihamba (video)''], [[DailyMotion]], 14 June 2011</ref> == Ntọala na ọrụ nke Synergy == N'afọ 2002, Masika Bihamba nyere aka mee nyocha nke ime ihe ike e mere megide ụmụ nwanyị n'ogige mberede e guzobere maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ site na mgbawa ugwu Nyiragongo. N'ịgbaso mkparịta ụka na òtù ndị ọzọ, e mere mkpebi iji guzobe Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence (SFVS). A na-ekewa nzukọ ahụ ụzọ atọ: ngalaba psycho-social, ngalaba ahụike na ngalaba nchekwa iwu. Kemgbe ahụ, SFVS enyewo ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 18 000 nkwado mmetụta uche, ahụike na nke iwu, ma dekọọ ihe omume nke ndina n'ike na North Kivu, na-akpọ maka njide na ikpe nke ndị na-eme ya. <ref name="Netherlands Govt">[http://www.netherlandsmission.org/news/2012/05/the-netherlands-supports-justine-masika%E2%80%99s-work.html ''The Netherlands supports Justine Masika’s work''], Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the UN, United States, 16 May 2012</ref><ref name="Washington Post">Ben Affleck, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/29/AR2010112905964.html ''The deadliest war''], [[Washington Post]], 30 November 2010</ref> == Ntinye aka na netwọk ndị ọzọ == Masika Bihamba bụkwa onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na netwọk ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, dị ka Oxfam Novib, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Belgian Development Cooperation, Usaid, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmepe. Òtù ya Synergie des Femmes na-arụkọ ọrụ na otu ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa Donor Direct Action.<ref name="Pax Christi">[http://www.paxchristi.net/about-us/pax-christi-international-peace-awards ''Peace Award Laurates, 1988-2014''], [[Pax Christi]]</ref> <ref name="FIDH">[https://www.fidh.org/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLIC-OF-CONGO-2010 ''Democratic Republic of Congo (2010-2011): Situation of Human Rights Defenders''], The [[International Federation for Human Rights]] (FIDH), 27 January 2012</ref><ref name="ICC">[http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/RC2010/RC-ST-V-1-ENG.pdf ''Review Conference of the Rome Statute: 31 May-11 June 2010''], [[International Criminal Court]], June 2010</ref><ref name="WG1325">[https://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/wps/nap/DutchNAP-EvalReportDec2008.pdf ''Evaluating the Dutch National Action Plan on UNSC Resolution 1325 after one year of implementation''], WG1325, December 2008</ref> == Ihe akaebe na nzukọ nyocha nke ICC == Masika Bihamba gbara akaebe na Nzukọ Nnyocha nke 2010 nke Rome Statute nke Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile (ICC) na Kampala, Uganda. O gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị itinye n'ọrụ usoro ụfọdụ iji kwado ụmụ nwanyị ndị e mere mpụ mmekọahụ ma n'ihi ya na-enwekarị mmerụ ahụ na mkparị. N'echiche ya, enyemaka dị otú ahụ ruo ugbu a ezughi ezu ma ekwesighi ijedebe na enyemaka ego.<ref name="Amnesty 2">[https://images.derstandard.at/2008/10/06/aireport.pdf ''AI Index: AFR 62/005/2008 North Kivu: No end to the war against women and children''], [[Amnesty International]], 2008</ref><ref name="World People's Blog">[http://word.world-citizenship.org/wp-archive/1034 ''Justine Masika Bihamba – Dem. Republic of the Congo''], World People’s Blog, 21 January 2007</ref> == Mwakpo na iyi egwu == * N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2007, ndị ikom isii, ndị a kọrọ na ha bụ ndị agha DRC (FARDC), wakporo ụlọ Masika Bihamba na Goma. A kọrọ na ndị ikom ahụ rịọrọ Masika Bihamba, onye na-anọghị ya, wee malite ịchọ ụlọ ahụ. A wakporo otu nwa agbọghọ, a kụkwara onye ọzọ n'ihu nke na a kụrụ ezé. Mgbe Masika Bihamba laghachiri n'ụlọ n'oge mwakpo ahụ, ndị ikom ahụ gbapụrụ. E mechara mata ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha mere ihe ahụ dị ka ndị agha na-eche nche nke onye agha FARDC, mana ejideghị ha ma ọ bụ kpụpụ ha n'ụlọ ikpe, n'agbanyeghị mkpesa iwu megide ha site n'aka Masika Bihamba ụbọchị itoolu mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị. Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ mechara gbaga mba ọzọ maka nchekwa ha. * N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2010, otu onye majie si na Ngalaba Ndị Ọkàiwu Goma kpọrọ Masika Bihamba iji dọọ ya aka ná ntị na enwere ike ijide ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nọgide na-akatọ mmebi ikike mmadụ mere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ DRC. Nke a sochiri mpụta ya na 28 Nọvemba na mmemme TV5 "Na gịnị ma ị gwara m eziokwu niile" (Et si vous me disiez toute la vérité), n'oge Masika Bihamba kwuru okwu karịsịa banyere enweghị ntaramahụhụ, ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na mmebi ikike mmadụ nke General Bosco Ntaganda mere. * Na Machị 2011 Masika Bihamba natara egwu sitere na ọrụ ya gbasara ikike mmadụ, ọkachasị arịrịọ ya maka mmejuputa ngwa ngwa nke ngalaba 1502 nke US Dodd-Frank Act, na-emeso n'ụzọ doro anya nke inweta "mineral esemokwu" site na DRC. * N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2012, n'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ na redio BBC, Masika Bihamba kpọrọ oku ọzọ ka e jide Ntaganda. Izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị na Eprel 10, ya na ndị isi obodo ndị ọzọ nke Congo zutere Onye isi ala Joseph Kabila, na-ekwughachi arịrịọ maka njide Ntaganda. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ natara iyi egwu ọnwụ site na ozi SMS. Mgbe ndị ikom Ntaganda gbara ụlọ nwanne ya nwoke nke nta gburugburu, ọ gbapụrụ na Goma maka oge a chụgara ya na mba Europe. Ọ laghachiri na DRC n'afọ 2013 mgbe Ntaganda nyefere onwe ya maka ikpe na International Criminal Court. <ref name="Falling Whistles">{{usurped|{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20140806192021/http://www.fallingwhistles.com/blog/2013/11/12/how-congolese-activists-stopped-m23|title=''How Congolese Activists Stopped M23?''}}}}, [[Falling Whistles]], 12 November 2013</ref><ref name="Front Line Defenders">[https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/node/2032 ''Testimonies of Human Rights Defenders: Justine Masika Bihamba''], Front Line Defenders</ref> == Onyinye == * Justine Masika Bihamba bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 1000 a tụrụ aro maka Nobel Peace Prize 2005. * Ọ natara onyinye Human Rights Tulip site n'aka gọọmentị [[Netherlands]] na 10 Disemba 2008. * N'afọ 2009, e nyere ya Pax Christi International Peace Award . == Edensibịa == == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nkqd760dg64suxq4kuany5x3bbhm4wo 727692 727690 2026-09-24T18:20:41Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justine Masika Bihamba''' (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1966 ) Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ si mba Congo. Dị ka onye nhazi nke otu 'Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence', ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite ndụ ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime ime obodo, chebe ikike mmadụ, ma nyere ndị agha metụtara aka—karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị lanarịrị mmegbu mmekọahụ. Ọrụ a na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara North Kivu, o meela mkpọsa maka ikpe ziri ezi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). O nwetala nkwanye ugwu dị ukwuu n'ọkwa mba ụwa maka ọrụ ọ rụzuru. Ugboro ole na ole, a na-eyi ya egwu na a ga-ejide ya ma ọ bụ gbuo ya.<ref name="More magazine">Teresa Wiltz, [http://www.more.com/news/womens-issues/most-dangerous-women-world-justine-masika-bihamba ''The Most Dangerous Women in the World: Justine Masika Bihamba''], [[More (magazine)|”More”]] magazine, 24 May 2010</ref><ref name="Amnesty 1">[http://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/DRC_JustineMasikaBihamba_hirez_10feb09.pdf ''Human Rights Defender at Risk: Justine Masika Bihamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo''], [[Amnesty International|Amnesty]] USA, 10 February 2009</ref> == Ọrụ mbụ == Masika Bihamba nwetara diplọma mba n'afọ 1985, ma mesịa zụọ ya na mmepe obodo, atụmatụ ọrụ, ogbugbo na njikwa esemokwu. N'afọ 2002, o nyere aka na akụkọ Human Rights Watch banyere ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke DRC.<ref name="Daily Motion">[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xjah9v_rdc-obs-temoignage-de-justine-masika-bihamba_news ''Témoignage de Justine Masika Bihamba (video)''], [[DailyMotion]], 14 June 2011</ref> == Ntọala na ọrụ nke Synergy == N'afọ 2002, Masika Bihamba nyere aka mee nyocha nke ime ihe ike e mere megide ụmụ nwanyị n'ogige mberede e guzobere maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ site na mgbawa ugwu Nyiragongo. N'ịgbaso mkparịta ụka na òtù ndị ọzọ, e mere mkpebi iji guzobe Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence (SFVS). A na-ekewa nzukọ ahụ ụzọ atọ: ngalaba psycho-social, ngalaba ahụike na ngalaba nchekwa iwu. Kemgbe ahụ, SFVS enyewo ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 18 000 nkwado mmetụta uche, ahụike na nke iwu, ma dekọọ ihe omume nke ndina n'ike na North Kivu, na-akpọ maka njide na ikpe nke ndị na-eme ya. <ref name="Netherlands Govt">[http://www.netherlandsmission.org/news/2012/05/the-netherlands-supports-justine-masika%E2%80%99s-work.html ''The Netherlands supports Justine Masika’s work''], Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the UN, United States, 16 May 2012</ref><ref name="Washington Post">Ben Affleck, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/29/AR2010112905964.html ''The deadliest war''], [[Washington Post]], 30 November 2010</ref> == Ntinye aka na netwọk ndị ọzọ == Masika Bihamba bụkwa onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na netwọk ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, dị ka Oxfam Novib, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Belgian Development Cooperation, Usaid, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmepe. Òtù ya Synergie des Femmes na-arụkọ ọrụ na otu ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa Donor Direct Action.<ref name="Pax Christi">[http://www.paxchristi.net/about-us/pax-christi-international-peace-awards ''Peace Award Laurates, 1988-2014''], [[Pax Christi]]</ref> <ref name="FIDH">[https://www.fidh.org/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLIC-OF-CONGO-2010 ''Democratic Republic of Congo (2010-2011): Situation of Human Rights Defenders''], The [[International Federation for Human Rights]] (FIDH), 27 January 2012</ref><ref name="ICC">[http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/RC2010/RC-ST-V-1-ENG.pdf ''Review Conference of the Rome Statute: 31 May-11 June 2010''], [[International Criminal Court]], June 2010</ref><ref name="WG1325">[https://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/wps/nap/DutchNAP-EvalReportDec2008.pdf ''Evaluating the Dutch National Action Plan on UNSC Resolution 1325 after one year of implementation''], WG1325, December 2008</ref> == Ihe akaebe na nzukọ nyocha nke ICC == Masika Bihamba gbara akaebe na Nzukọ Nnyocha nke 2010 nke Rome Statute nke Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile (ICC) na Kampala, Uganda. O gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị itinye n'ọrụ usoro ụfọdụ iji kwado ụmụ nwanyị ndị e mere mpụ mmekọahụ ma n'ihi ya na-enwekarị mmerụ ahụ na mkparị. N'echiche ya, enyemaka dị otú ahụ ruo ugbu a ezughi ezu ma ekwesighi ijedebe na enyemaka ego.<ref name="Amnesty 2">[https://images.derstandard.at/2008/10/06/aireport.pdf ''AI Index: AFR 62/005/2008 North Kivu: No end to the war against women and children''], [[Amnesty International]], 2008</ref><ref name="World People's Blog">[http://word.world-citizenship.org/wp-archive/1034 ''Justine Masika Bihamba – Dem. Republic of the Congo''], World People’s Blog, 21 January 2007</ref> == Mwakpo na iyi egwu == * N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2007, ndị ikom isii, ndị a kọrọ na ha bụ ndị agha DRC (FARDC), wakporo ụlọ Masika Bihamba na Goma. A kọrọ na ndị ikom ahụ rịọrọ Masika Bihamba, onye na-anọghị ya, wee malite ịchọ ụlọ ahụ. A wakporo otu nwa agbọghọ, a kụkwara onye ọzọ n'ihu nke na a kụrụ ezé. Mgbe Masika Bihamba laghachiri n'ụlọ n'oge mwakpo ahụ, ndị ikom ahụ gbapụrụ. E mechara mata ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha mere ihe ahụ dị ka ndị agha na-eche nche nke onye agha FARDC, mana ejideghị ha ma ọ bụ kpụpụ ha n'ụlọ ikpe, n'agbanyeghị mkpesa iwu megide ha site n'aka Masika Bihamba ụbọchị itoolu mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị. Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ mechara gbaga mba ọzọ maka nchekwa ha. * N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2010, otu onye majie si na Ngalaba Ndị Ọkàiwu Goma kpọrọ Masika Bihamba iji dọọ ya aka ná ntị na enwere ike ijide ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nọgide na-akatọ mmebi ikike mmadụ mere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ DRC. Nke a sochiri mpụta ya na 28 Nọvemba na mmemme TV5 "Na gịnị ma ị gwara m eziokwu niile" (Et si vous me disiez toute la vérité), n'oge Masika Bihamba kwuru okwu karịsịa banyere enweghị ntaramahụhụ, ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na mmebi ikike mmadụ nke General Bosco Ntaganda mere. * Na Machị 2011 Masika Bihamba natara egwu sitere na ọrụ ya gbasara ikike mmadụ, ọkachasị arịrịọ ya maka mmejuputa ngwa ngwa nke ngalaba 1502 nke US Dodd-Frank Act, na-emeso n'ụzọ doro anya nke inweta "mineral esemokwu" site na DRC. * N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2012, n'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ na redio BBC, Masika Bihamba kpọrọ oku ọzọ ka e jide Ntaganda. Izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị na Eprel 10, ya na ndị isi obodo ndị ọzọ nke Congo zutere Onye isi ala Joseph Kabila, na-ekwughachi arịrịọ maka njide Ntaganda. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ natara iyi egwu ọnwụ site na ozi SMS. Mgbe ndị ikom Ntaganda gbara ụlọ nwanne ya nwoke nke nta gburugburu, ọ gbapụrụ na Goma maka oge a chụgara ya na mba Europe. Ọ laghachiri na DRC n'afọ 2013 mgbe Ntaganda nyefere onwe ya maka ikpe na International Criminal Court. <ref name="Falling Whistles">{{usurped|{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20140806192021/http://www.fallingwhistles.com/blog/2013/11/12/how-congolese-activists-stopped-m23|title=''How Congolese Activists Stopped M23?''}}}}, [[Falling Whistles]], 12 November 2013</ref><ref name="Front Line Defenders">[https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/node/2032 ''Testimonies of Human Rights Defenders: Justine Masika Bihamba''], Front Line Defenders</ref> == Onyinye == * Justine Masika Bihamba bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 1000 a tụrụ aro maka Nobel Peace Prize 2005. * Ọ natara onyinye Human Rights Tulip site n'aka gọọmentị [[Netherlands]] na 10 Disemba 2008. * N'afọ 2009, e nyere ya Pax Christi International Peace Award . == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ls9rqp0nqkrh0c0m1fci724niqnmvfo 727903 727692 2026-09-25T11:04:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 727903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justine Masika Bihamba''' (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1966 ) Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ si mba Congo. Dị ka onye nhazi nke otu 'Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence', ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite ndụ ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime ime obodo, chebe ikike mmadụ, ma nyere ndị agha metụtara aka—karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị lanarịrị mmegbu mmekọahụ. Ọrụ a na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara North Kivu, o meela mkpọsa maka ikpe ziri ezi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). O nwetala nkwanye ugwu dị ukwuu n'ọkwa mba ụwa maka ọrụ ọ rụzuru. Ugboro ole na ole, a na-eyi ya egwu na a ga-ejide ya ma ọ bụ gbuo ya.<ref name="More magazine">Teresa Wiltz, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141012033902/http://www.more.com/news/womens-issues/most-dangerous-women-world-justine-masika-bihamba ''The Most Dangerous Women in the World: Justine Masika Bihamba''], [[More (magazine)|”More”]] magazine, 24 May 2010</ref><ref name="Amnesty 1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225242/http://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/DRC_JustineMasikaBihamba_hirez_10feb09.pdf ''Human Rights Defender at Risk: Justine Masika Bihamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo''], [[Amnesty International|Amnesty]] USA, 10 February 2009</ref> == Ọrụ mbụ == Masika Bihamba nwetara diplọma mba n'afọ 1985, ma mesịa zụọ ya na mmepe obodo, atụmatụ ọrụ, ogbugbo na njikwa esemokwu. N'afọ 2002, o nyere aka na akụkọ Human Rights Watch banyere ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke DRC.<ref name="Daily Motion">[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xjah9v_rdc-obs-temoignage-de-justine-masika-bihamba_news ''Témoignage de Justine Masika Bihamba (video)''], [[DailyMotion]], 14 June 2011</ref> == Ntọala na ọrụ nke Synergy == N'afọ 2002, Masika Bihamba nyere aka mee nyocha nke ime ihe ike e mere megide ụmụ nwanyị n'ogige mberede e guzobere maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ site na mgbawa ugwu Nyiragongo. N'ịgbaso mkparịta ụka na òtù ndị ọzọ, e mere mkpebi iji guzobe Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence (SFVS). A na-ekewa nzukọ ahụ ụzọ atọ: ngalaba psycho-social, ngalaba ahụike na ngalaba nchekwa iwu. Kemgbe ahụ, SFVS enyewo ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 18 000 nkwado mmetụta uche, ahụike na nke iwu, ma dekọọ ihe omume nke ndina n'ike na North Kivu, na-akpọ maka njide na ikpe nke ndị na-eme ya. <ref name="Netherlands Govt">[http://www.netherlandsmission.org/news/2012/05/the-netherlands-supports-justine-masika%E2%80%99s-work.html ''The Netherlands supports Justine Masika’s work''], Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the UN, United States, 16 May 2012</ref><ref name="Washington Post">Ben Affleck, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/29/AR2010112905964.html ''The deadliest war''], [[Washington Post]], 30 November 2010</ref> == Ntinye aka na netwọk ndị ọzọ == Masika Bihamba bụkwa onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na netwọk ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, dị ka Oxfam Novib, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Belgian Development Cooperation, Usaid, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmepe. Òtù ya Synergie des Femmes na-arụkọ ọrụ na otu ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa Donor Direct Action.<ref name="Pax Christi">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190416031126/https://www.paxchristi.net/about-us/pax-christi-international-peace-awards ''Peace Award Laurates, 1988-2014''], [[Pax Christi]]</ref> <ref name="FIDH">[https://www.fidh.org/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLIC-OF-CONGO-2010 ''Democratic Republic of Congo (2010-2011): Situation of Human Rights Defenders''], The [[International Federation for Human Rights]] (FIDH), 27 January 2012</ref><ref name="ICC">[http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/RC2010/RC-ST-V-1-ENG.pdf ''Review Conference of the Rome Statute: 31 May-11 June 2010''], [[International Criminal Court]], June 2010</ref><ref name="WG1325">[https://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/wps/nap/DutchNAP-EvalReportDec2008.pdf ''Evaluating the Dutch National Action Plan on UNSC Resolution 1325 after one year of implementation''], WG1325, December 2008</ref> == Ihe akaebe na nzukọ nyocha nke ICC == Masika Bihamba gbara akaebe na Nzukọ Nnyocha nke 2010 nke Rome Statute nke Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile (ICC) na Kampala, Uganda. O gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị itinye n'ọrụ usoro ụfọdụ iji kwado ụmụ nwanyị ndị e mere mpụ mmekọahụ ma n'ihi ya na-enwekarị mmerụ ahụ na mkparị. N'echiche ya, enyemaka dị otú ahụ ruo ugbu a ezughi ezu ma ekwesighi ijedebe na enyemaka ego.<ref name="Amnesty 2">[https://images.derstandard.at/2008/10/06/aireport.pdf ''AI Index: AFR 62/005/2008 North Kivu: No end to the war against women and children''], [[Amnesty International]], 2008</ref><ref name="World People's Blog">[http://word.world-citizenship.org/wp-archive/1034 ''Justine Masika Bihamba – Dem. Republic of the Congo''], World People’s Blog, 21 January 2007</ref> == Mwakpo na iyi egwu == * N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2007, ndị ikom isii, ndị a kọrọ na ha bụ ndị agha DRC (FARDC), wakporo ụlọ Masika Bihamba na Goma. A kọrọ na ndị ikom ahụ rịọrọ Masika Bihamba, onye na-anọghị ya, wee malite ịchọ ụlọ ahụ. A wakporo otu nwa agbọghọ, a kụkwara onye ọzọ n'ihu nke na a kụrụ ezé. Mgbe Masika Bihamba laghachiri n'ụlọ n'oge mwakpo ahụ, ndị ikom ahụ gbapụrụ. E mechara mata ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha mere ihe ahụ dị ka ndị agha na-eche nche nke onye agha FARDC, mana ejideghị ha ma ọ bụ kpụpụ ha n'ụlọ ikpe, n'agbanyeghị mkpesa iwu megide ha site n'aka Masika Bihamba ụbọchị itoolu mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị. Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ mechara gbaga mba ọzọ maka nchekwa ha. * N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2010, otu onye majie si na Ngalaba Ndị Ọkàiwu Goma kpọrọ Masika Bihamba iji dọọ ya aka ná ntị na enwere ike ijide ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nọgide na-akatọ mmebi ikike mmadụ mere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ DRC. Nke a sochiri mpụta ya na 28 Nọvemba na mmemme TV5 "Na gịnị ma ị gwara m eziokwu niile" (Et si vous me disiez toute la vérité), n'oge Masika Bihamba kwuru okwu karịsịa banyere enweghị ntaramahụhụ, ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na mmebi ikike mmadụ nke General Bosco Ntaganda mere. * Na Machị 2011 Masika Bihamba natara egwu sitere na ọrụ ya gbasara ikike mmadụ, ọkachasị arịrịọ ya maka mmejuputa ngwa ngwa nke ngalaba 1502 nke US Dodd-Frank Act, na-emeso n'ụzọ doro anya nke inweta "mineral esemokwu" site na DRC. * N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2012, n'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ na redio BBC, Masika Bihamba kpọrọ oku ọzọ ka e jide Ntaganda. Izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị na Eprel 10, ya na ndị isi obodo ndị ọzọ nke Congo zutere Onye isi ala Joseph Kabila, na-ekwughachi arịrịọ maka njide Ntaganda. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ natara iyi egwu ọnwụ site na ozi SMS. Mgbe ndị ikom Ntaganda gbara ụlọ nwanne ya nwoke nke nta gburugburu, ọ gbapụrụ na Goma maka oge a chụgara ya na mba Europe. Ọ laghachiri na DRC n'afọ 2013 mgbe Ntaganda nyefere onwe ya maka ikpe na International Criminal Court. <ref name="Falling Whistles">{{usurped|{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20140806192021/http://www.fallingwhistles.com/blog/2013/11/12/how-congolese-activists-stopped-m23|title=''How Congolese Activists Stopped M23?''}}}}, [[Falling Whistles]], 12 November 2013</ref><ref name="Front Line Defenders">[https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/node/2032 ''Testimonies of Human Rights Defenders: Justine Masika Bihamba''], Front Line Defenders</ref> == Onyinye == * Justine Masika Bihamba bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 1000 a tụrụ aro maka Nobel Peace Prize 2005. * Ọ natara onyinye Human Rights Tulip site n'aka gọọmentị [[Netherlands]] na 10 Disemba 2008. * N'afọ 2009, e nyere ya Pax Christi International Peace Award . == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bkqrc22968m7kaz524gkfko3jgpym9j 0 80749 727697 2026-09-24T18:42:35Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372448732|Sandra Kwikiriza]]" 727697 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Sandra Kwikiriza''' bụ nwanyị Ugandan, onye na-akwado ikike LBQ na onye na-akwado ikike dijitalụ. Ọ tọrọ ntọala nzukọ HER Internet na-eje ozi dị ka Executive Director. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Kwikiriza na Uganda ma biri na Kampala. Ọ gara African Women Leaders" Institute ma bụrụkwa onye otu Foundation for Women's Health Research and Development (FORWARD). Kwikiriza hiwere HER Internet, nke bụ "òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-edu maka ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akwado ikike dijitalụ na nnwere onwe ịntanetị nke ụmụ nwanyị lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ nwanyị LBQ (ndị lesbians, bisexual na queer) na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị. na "na-akwado ịgụ na ide dijitalụ maka ụmụ nwanyị a na-akparaghị ókè". Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke HER Internet. Kwikiriza emeela ka a mara banyere iyi egwu n'ịntanetị, otu ụmụ nwanyị nọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si bụrụ ndị a na-achọkarị mwakpo aghụghọ n'oge ntuli aka, ma na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe banyere otu esi amata ma lụso mmetụta nke ozi ụgha ọgụ site na nkwado sitere na Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Central Africa (CIPESA Uganda). N'afọ 2022, ọ gwara ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị ndị omeiwu okwu banyere okwu ndị a n'oge nzukọ nke Women Human Rights Defenders Network (WHRDN-U) haziri. Kwikiriza ekwuola okwu na ihe omume, dị ka na Kick Off nke Digital Human Rights Lab na 2019 ebe ọ rụrụ ụka maka usoro zuru oke maka nchekwa dijitalụ na Hacks / Hackers Africa 2022 banyere ahụike uche n'ihe gbasara iji ịntanetị eme ihe. Na Forum on Internet Freedom in Africa (FIFAfrica22) ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị inyom Afrịka nke African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET) kpọrọ na-atụle "Resistance and Connection: a African feminist perspective for decolonizing the internet. "O kwukwara okwu gbasara mmerụ ahụ ndị ọchịchị na mmemme ndị dị na Yuropu, na-agwa otu Cross Party Group of Scotland's International Development Alliance (SIDA) okwu na 2024 gbasara mmetụta nke ọchịchị ndị mmadụ nwere na ikike LGBTQ+, mweghachi omenala na mkpa ọ dị ịtụle mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nkwụghachi ụgwọ. N'afọ 2023, ọ pụtara n'otu ihe omume nke Whose Voices? Podcast, na-ekpuchi ihe ịma aka ndị obodo na-eche ihu mgbe ha na-eji ịntanetị na ụzọ oghere ịntanetị nwere ike isi dịrị ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke kọmitii nke asụsụ Bekee na Spanish Women Moving Forward Together . == Hụkwa == * [[Thelma Awori]] * Godiva Akullo == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] i3nhl80ybt9ppjzyrcwnski68aih720 727699 727697 2026-09-24T18:56:46Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727699 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Sandra Kwikiriza''' bụ nwanyị Ugandan, onye na-akwado ikike LBQ na onye na-akwado ikike dijitalụ. Ọ tọrọ ntọala nzukọ HER Internet na-eje ozi dị ka Executive Director. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Kwikiriza na Uganda ma biri na Kampala. Ọ gara African Women Leaders" Institute <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sandra Kwikiriza |url=http://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/sandra-kwikiriza/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Uganda Feminist Forum |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216161420/http://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/sandra-kwikiriza/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ma bụrụkwa onye otu Foundation for Women's Health Research and Development (FORWARD). <ref>{{Cite web |title=TuWezeshe Akina Dada Alumni |url=https://www.forwarduk.org.uk/tuwezeshe-akina-dada-alumni/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=FORWARD |language=en}}</ref> Kwikiriza hiwere HER Internet, nke bụ "òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-edu maka ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akwado ikike dijitalụ na nnwere onwe ịntanetị nke ụmụ nwanyị lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ nwanyị LBQ (ndị lesbians, bisexual na queer) na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-24 |title=Sandra Kwikiriza |url=https://archive.ilga.org/en/women-steering-committee-Africa |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=ILGA World |language=en |archive-date=2025-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702023815/https://archive.ilga.org/en/women-steering-committee-Africa |url-status=live }}</ref>na "na-akwado ịgụ na ide dijitalụ maka ụmụ nwanyị a na-akparaghị ókè". Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke HER Internet.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0BmmGHTJoQ |title=Sandra Kwikiriza - Executive Director, HERINTERNET |date=2022-11-28 |last=Kuchu Times |access-date=2025-07-20 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Kwikiriza emeela ka a mara banyere iyi egwu n'ịntanetị,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Women and cyber bullying |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/women-and-cyber-bullying-1892258 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> otu ụmụ nwanyị nọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si bụrụ ndị a na-achọkarị mwakpo aghụghọ n'oge ntuli aka,<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Souza |first=Narrira Lemos |date=25 February 2024 |title=Narratives that create connection, not conflict |url=https://takebackthetech.net/blog/narratives-create-connection-not-conflict |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Take Back The Tech |archive-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216161421/https://takebackthetech.net/blog/narratives-create-connection-not-conflict |url-status=live }}</ref> ma na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe banyere otu esi amata ma lụso mmetụta nke ozi ụgha ọgụ site na nkwado sitere na Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Central Africa (CIPESA Uganda).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-26 |title=HER INTERNET RUNS MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGN CROWNED WITH DIALOGUE. |url=https://www.kuchutimes.com/2022/09/her-internets-misinformation-and-disinformation-campaign/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Kuchu Times |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216161421/https://www.kuchutimes.com/2022/09/her-internets-misinformation-and-disinformation-campaign/ |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 2022, ọ gwara ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị ndị omeiwu okwu banyere okwu ndị a n'oge nzukọ nke Women Human Rights Defenders Network (WHRDN-U) haziri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-28 |title=WOMEN MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT COMMIT TO FIGHT ONLINE VIOLENCE AGAINST WHRDS |url=https://www.whrdnuganda.org/women-members-of-parliament-commit-to-fight-online-violence-against-whrds/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Kwikiriza ekwuola okwu na ihe omume, dị ka na Kick Off nke Digital Human Rights Lab na 2019 ebe ọ rụrụ ụka maka usoro zuru oke maka nchekwa dijitalụ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-29 |title=Digital Human Rights Lab – Lightning Talks revisited |url=https://blog.futurechallenges.org/local/news/digital-human-rights-lab-lightning-talks-revisited/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=FutureChallenges |language=en-GB}}</ref> na Hacks / Hackers Africa 2022 banyere ahụike uche n'ihe gbasara iji ịntanetị eme ihe. Na Forum on Internet Freedom in Africa (FIFAfrica22) <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2022 |title=HacksHackers Uganda: Internet and mental health |url=https://medium.com/hacks-hackers-africa/hackshackers-uganda-june-event-highlight-7b9a4abbb4d2 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Medium |archive-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216161420/https://medium.com/hacks-hackers-africa/hackshackers-uganda-june-event-highlight-7b9a4abbb4d2 |url-status=live }}</ref> ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị inyom Afrịka nke African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET) kpọrọ na-atụle "Resistance and Connection: a African feminist perspective for decolonizing the internet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Komusana |first=Sunshine Fionah |date=2022-10-12 |title=Resistance & Connection: an African Feminist Perspective for Decolonizing the Internet |url=https://africanfeminism.com/resistance-connection-an-african-feminist-perspective-for-decolonizing-the-internet/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=African Feminism (AF) |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216161421/https://africanfeminism.com/resistance-connection-an-african-feminist-perspective-for-decolonizing-the-internet/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "O kwukwara okwu gbasara mmerụ ahụ ndị ọchịchị na mmemme ndị dị na Yuropu, na-agwa otu Cross Party Group of Scotland's International Development Alliance (SIDA) okwu na 2024 gbasara mmetụta nke ọchịchị ndị mmadụ nwere na ikike LGBTQ+, mweghachi omenala na mkpa ọ dị ịtụle mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nkwụghachi ụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=Scotland's role in global justice and reparations |url=https://intdevalliance.scot/news-view/scotlands-role-in-global-justice-and-reparations/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Scotland's International Development Alliance |language=en-GB}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, ọ pụtara n'otu ihe omume nke Whose Voices? Podcast, na-ekpuchi ihe ịma aka ndị obodo na-eche ihu mgbe ha na-eji ịntanetị na ụzọ oghere ịntanetị nwere ike isi dịrị ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ep 21 Sandra Kwikiriza On The Many Ways Online Spaces Can Be Safer For Queer People |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-21-sandra-kwikiriza-on-the-many-ways-online-spaces/id1481127295?i=1000634116338 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke kọmitii nke asụsụ Bekee na Spanish Women Moving Forward Together . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-29 |title=Women moving forward together... |url=https://ilga.org/news/women-moving-forward-together-2-issue/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=ILGA World |language=en-UK |archive-date=2025-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702050333/https://ilga.org/news/women-moving-forward-together-2-issue/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Thelma Awori]] * Godiva Akullo == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] n5m678oz6nt2q94m31scik2bfqsdka9 0 80750 727700 2026-09-24T18:58:04Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372643387|Hilda Tadria]]" 727700 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Hilda M. Tadria''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị na Uganda, ọkachamara na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na onye isi nchịkwa nke Mentoring and Empowerment Programme for Young Women in Uganda (MEMPROW). Ọ na-adụ ndị NGO ọdụ n'ụwa niile gbasara okike, njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọ bụkwa osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Makerere. == Oge ọ malitere == Tadria nwere nzere bachelọ na Sociology site na Mahadum Makerere, nzere mastas na Social Anthropology site na Newnham College, Cambridge, England, yana nzere PhD na Social Anthropology site na Mahadum Minnesota, US.. == Ọrụ == Tadria arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ gbasara okike, njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka World Bank, UNDP, UNIFEM, gọọmentị Uganda, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) na NOVIB. Tadria bụ osote prọfesọ na Ngalaba Sociology na Mahadum Makerere. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, o guzobere otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO), Action for Development (ACFODE). N'ọnwa Septemba 2017, ọ duziri ogbako maka otu "ndị isi Afrịka na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị" na ụlọ ọrụ South Africa [[Masimanyane Women's Rights International]], ya na Dorcas Coker-Appiah, onye isi nchịkwa nke Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre nke Ghana, ma nye "ogbako dị ike nke na-ewepụ usoro nna ochie". == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] sa1atsrm9bjlabta2jd3s5lmb1zr1nh 727701 727700 2026-09-24T19:01:01Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727701 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Hilda M. Tadria''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị na Uganda, ọkachamara na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na onye isi nchịkwa nke Mentoring and Empowerment Programme for Young Women in Uganda (MEMPROW). Ọ na-adụ ndị NGO ọdụ n'ụwa niile gbasara okike, njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọ bụkwa osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Makerere. == Oge ọ malitere == Tadria nwere nzere bachelọ na Sociology site na Mahadum Makerere, nzere mastas na Social Anthropology site na Newnham College, Cambridge, England, yana nzere PhD na Social Anthropology site na Mahadum Minnesota, US..<ref name="africawln.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.africawln.org/hilda-tadria/|title=Hilda Tadria, Uganda|author=|date=|website=africawln.org|accessdate=10 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="The Lancet">{{cite journal|last1=Shetty|first1=Priya|title=Hilda Tadria: proponent of gender equality and maternal health|journal=The Lancet|date=October 2006|volume=368|issue=9546|pages=1487|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69623-2|pmid=17071271|s2cid=33082590 |url=http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)69623-2.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Tadria arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ gbasara okike, njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka World Bank, UNDP, UNIFEM, gọọmentị Uganda, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) na NOVIB. Tadria bụ osote prọfesọ na Ngalaba Sociology na Mahadum Makerere. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, o guzobere otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO), Action for Development (ACFODE). N'ọnwa Septemba 2017, ọ duziri ogbako maka otu "ndị isi Afrịka na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị" na ụlọ ọrụ South Africa [[Masimanyane Women's Rights International]], ya na Dorcas Coker-Appiah, onye isi nchịkwa nke Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre nke Ghana, ma nye "ogbako dị ike nke na-ewepụ usoro nna ochie". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-25 |title=Hilda Tadria » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/hilda-tadria/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.masimanyane.org.za/single-post/2017/09/11/Masimanyane-hosts-leading-African-feminists|title=Masimanyane Women's Rights International|author=|date=|website=Masimanyane Women's Rights International|accessdate=10 November 2017|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502193127/https://www.masimanyane.org.za/single-post/2017/09/11/Masimanyane-hosts-leading-African-feminists|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 6x47go8wtpmht87440dnh3nf7u14r73 0 80751 727703 2026-09-24T19:07:54Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316339074|Zoulikha Tahar]]" 727703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zoulikha Tahar''' ([[Arabic]]), nke a makwaara dị ka Toute Fine, (amụrụ n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1992, Oran) bụ onye Algeria na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye na-ede uri, onye na'ahụ maka ịgba chaa chaa na onye na-ese vidio. Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ doctoral na injinia ihe (Mahadum Djillali Liabes na Sidi-bel-Abbès). == Ọrụ == Zoulikha Tahar malitere ide ihe n'okpuru aha njirimara Toute Fine na 2015. N'afọ 2017, a maara Toute Fine n'ihi ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi ya na Sam MB duziri banyere iyi egwu n'okporo ámá. Ihe nkiri ahụ, nke akpọrọ La rue, nwetara nlebara anya dị ukwuu. E gosipụtara La rue n'ọtụtụ ihe omume ọdịnala (na Bourse du travail na [[Toulouse (city)|Toulouse]] na - arụmụka banyere ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọha na eze - dịka akụkụ nke emume Algérie en mouvement na Paris). N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2017, site na nkwado nke Institut Français dị na Oran, o deziri nchịkọta uri a na-akpọ *Presque Deux*—nke bụ nchịkọta foto na ederede sitere na afọ abụọ mbụ *Toute Fine* nọrọ na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2017, Toute Fine haziri nchịkọta ọrụ ya maka ihe ngosi ma mee ya nke mbụ na Paris n'ụlọ ihe nkiri Théâtre de la Nouvelle Seine, nakwa n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2018 na Institut Français dị n'obodo Annaba. Mgbe ihe ngosi ahụ, nke a kpọrọ *Autour de presque deux*, gasịrị, e nwere mkparịta ụka gbasara isiokwu dị iche iche e kwuru okwu banyere ha; ebumnuche bụ isi nke a bụ ịkwado, ịgbasa, na ịkekọrịta ikike ikwu okwu n'efu. Ọ na-aghọta na Institute of the Arab World na Eddy Terki, onye France-Algeria na-ese ihe osise, arụmọrụ / ntinye ''Site na Paris ruo Oran (mkparịta ụka n'etiti ụsọ mmiri abụọ) '' nke na-egosi ihe ịma aka nke ịchọ ijikọ obodo abụọ nwere ọdịbendị dị iche iche ma dị nso n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Toute Fine na-eme ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe ederede, mgbe ụfọdụ na Institut Français nke Oran na Algeria. Ọ na-ahazi nzukọ edemede, arụmụka na ọgụgụ, ọkachasị nke ụmụ nwanyị. === Awal Collective === Zoulikha Tahar bụ onye otu na onye guzobere ''Awal'' (nke pụtara: ''okwu'') otu nke nwere slameurs na slameuses anọ: Zoulikha (All Fine), Samia (Sam Mb) na Sedik (WHO Sedik) na ntinye aka dịgasị iche iche nke ndị egwu na ndị na-agụ egwu na ihe nkiri ụfọdụ, dị ka Sabri Farouk (onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-agụ abụ) na Kamel Hadji (onye na onye na onye na'agụ egwú). Ihe nkiri ndị otu ahụ bara ọgaranya n'ụdị dị iche iche. Ọdịiche ahụ dị n'etiti slam na olu nwere mmetụta sitere na blues, mkpụrụ obi na pop ọzọ. ==== Tej Leryem Collective ==== Zoulikha Tahar bụkwa onye otu na onye guzobere ''Tej Leryem'' collective (nke pụtara: ''Okpueze ụmụ nwanyị'') nke nwere ndị na-ese ihe Toute Fine, Ahlem Imene na Bouchra Zozo. Tej Leryem na-emepụta ihe ngosi, ihe osise, foto na vidiyo yana arụmọrụ nke slam. == Edensibịa ==   [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2kzonnll513fmr6qbxnbmgx5mz32y1g 727706 727703 2026-09-24T19:12:58Z Chinemeremprince 13026 727706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zoulikha Tahar''' ([[Arabic]]), nke a makwaara dị ka Toute Fine, (amụrụ n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1992, Oran) bụ onye Algeria na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye na-ede uri, onye na'ahụ maka ịgba chaa chaa na onye na-ese vidio. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGsduJg6DT12a9rbeQEkAQw|title=Toute Fine|language=fr}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ doctoral na injinia ihe (Mahadum Djillali Liabes na Sidi-bel-Abbès). == Ọrụ == Zoulikha Tahar malitere ide ihe n'okpuru aha njirimara Toute Fine na 2015. N'afọ 2017, a maara Toute Fine n'ihi ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi ya na Sam MB duziri banyere iyi egwu n'okporo ámá. Ihe nkiri ahụ, nke akpọrọ La rue,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdXgsamCblA|title=Toute Fine & Sam MB - La Rue. (court métrage)|date=1 December 2017|language=}}</ref> nwetara nlebara anya dị ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/Harcelement-de-rue-le-clip-engage-de-deux-slameuses-algeriennes-3417158|title=Harcèlement de rue : le clip engagé de deux slameuses algériennes|date=25 January 2017|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/396353/societe/algerie-harcelement-de-rue-nest-compliment/|title=Algérie : " Le harcèlement de rue n'est pas un compliment"date=23 January 2017|language=fr}}</ref> E gosipụtara La rue n'ọtụtụ ihe omume ọdịnala (na Bourse du travail na [[Toulouse (city)|Toulouse]] na - arụmụka banyere ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọha na eze - dịka akụkụ nke emume Algérie en mouvement na Paris). N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2017, site na nkwado nke Institut Français dị na Oran, o deziri nchịkọta uri a na-akpọ *Presque Deux*—nke bụ nchịkọta foto na ederede sitere na afọ abụọ mbụ *Toute Fine* nọrọ na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2017, Toute Fine haziri nchịkọta ọrụ ya maka ihe ngosi ma mee ya nke mbụ na Paris n'ụlọ ihe nkiri Théâtre de la Nouvelle Seine, nakwa n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2018 na Institut Français dị n'obodo Annaba. Mgbe ihe ngosi ahụ, nke a kpọrọ *Autour de presque deux*, gasịrị, e nwere mkparịta ụka gbasara isiokwu dị iche iche e kwuru okwu banyere ha; ebumnuche bụ isi nke a bụ ịkwado, ịgbasa, na ịkekọrịta ikike ikwu okwu n'efu. Ọ na-aghọta na Institute of the Arab World na Eddy Terki, onye France-Algeria na-ese ihe osise, arụmọrụ / ntinye ''Site na Paris ruo Oran (mkparịta ụka n'etiti ụsọ mmiri abụọ) '' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imarabe.org/fr/blog/2017/09/de-paris-a-oran-dialogue-entre-deux-cultures-par-eddy-terki-et-zoulikha-tahar|title=" De Paris à Oran, dialogue entre deux cultures " par Eddy Terki et Zoulikha Tahar|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telerama.fr/scenes/a-linstitut-du-monde-arabe,-saint-denis-dialogue-avec-oran,n5435033.php|title=A l'Institut du monde arabe, Saint-Denis dialogue avec Oran|language=fr}}</ref> nke na-egosi ihe ịma aka nke ịchọ ijikọ obodo abụọ nwere ọdịbendị dị iche iche ma dị nso n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Toute Fine na-eme ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe ederede, mgbe ụfọdụ na Institut Français nke Oran na Algeria. Ọ na-ahazi nzukọ edemede, arụmụka na ọgụgụ, ọkachasị nke ụmụ nwanyị. === Awal Collective === Zoulikha Tahar bụ onye otu na onye guzobere ''Awal'' (nke pụtara: ''okwu'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://observers.france24.com/fr/20170407-slam-algerie-femme-poesie-urbaine-rimes-droits-violences-rythme|title=The jeunes slameurs défendent en rimes les droits des femmes|date=7 April 2017|language=fr}}</ref> otu nke nwere slameurs na slameuses anọ: Zoulikha (All Fine), Samia (Sam Mb) na Sedik (WHO Sedik) na ntinye aka dịgasị iche iche nke ndị egwu na ndị na-agụ egwu na ihe nkiri ụfọdụ, dị ka Sabri Farouk (onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-agụ abụ) na Kamel Hadji (onye na onye na onye na'agụ egwú). Ihe nkiri ndị otu ahụ bara ọgaranya n'ụdị dị iche iche. Ọdịiche ahụ dị n'etiti slam na olu nwere mmetụta sitere na blues, mkpụrụ obi na pop ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-kdKGLp5TI|title=AWAL - INSULA // Wahran|surname=Awal|date=12 October 2017}}</ref> ==== Tej Leryem Collective ==== Zoulikha Tahar bụkwa onye otu na onye guzobere ''Tej Leryem'' collective (nke pụtara: ''Okpueze ụmụ nwanyị'') nke nwere ndị na-ese ihe Toute Fine, Ahlem Imene na Bouchra Zozo. Tej Leryem na-emepụta ihe ngosi, ihe osise, foto na vidiyo yana arụmọrụ nke slam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/culture/slam-it-quand-larticule-le-féminisme-video-268019|title=''Slam it'': quand l'art articule le féminisme|date=13 April 2017|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> == Edensibịa ==   [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 270eu8vnjbs9szpp4ghgsnyxnuyy5cg 0 80752 727711 2026-09-24T19:45:32Z Anastesia chi 23720 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376519590|Association of Algerian Muslim Women]]" 727711 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Association of [[Algeria]] Muslim Women ('''AFMA''') bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria, nke e guzobere na 1947. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria malitere na njem nnwere onwe site na Ọchịchị ndị France n'afọ ndị 1940, mgbe a kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị n'ọgụ ahụ ma tinye ha na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Òtù ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ bụ Algeria Women's Union (UFA), nke jikọtara ya na Algeria Communist Party (PCA), na Association of Algerian Muslim Women (AFMA), nke e guzobere na 1947 iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị kwado ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezinụlọ ha. Otu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu ọha karịa, nke mere ka ha nwee ike ịhapụ omenala ịnọrọ iche n'ụlọ ma sonye n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze.UFA gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke òtù Algerian Communist Party, bụ nke kwadoro nha anya n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, ma n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. AFMA chịkọtara ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ụmụ nwoke n'ọgụ a na-alụ megide ọchịchị ndị France, mana ha tụrụ anya na ụmụ nwanyị ga-apụọ n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze ozugbo e nwetachara nnwere onwe n'aka France. N'afọ ndị 1940, e nwere mmụba n'ọchịchọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike inweta nha anya, karịsịa site n'iji òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị eme ihe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị so na UFA bụ ụmụ nwanyị si Europe, ọ bụghị na e wepụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị Alakụba.<ref name=":0" /> E guzobere AMA na 1947 na-achọ nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị kpọmkwem gbasara mkpọrọ ndị na-esote ngagharị iwe na Mee 8, 1945. Nke a bụ mgbe France mere emume ọgwụgwụ nke ọchịchị ndị Nazi mgbe ọtụtụ puku ndị Algeria mere ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá Setif na obodo ndị ọzọ iji lụọ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe Algeria dịka nkwa France kwere iji gbanwere ndị agha na mbọ agha Allied na-achọ nnwere onwe nke Algeria, dịka France kwere nkwa ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwadoro ya n'ọgụ ya megide Nazism, Otú ọ dị, nzaghachi Frances bụ ogbugbu obi ọjọọ nke ndị Algeria 45,000 sochiri igbu ọchụ. Ndị mejupụtara AFMA bụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọgụgụ isi. Ọ bụ Mamia Chentouf na-achịkwa ya ma na-achọ ịgbachitere 'ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ma kwado omenala ndị Arab Muslim". Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị na ihe odide dị na Koran anaghị egbochi ụmụ nwanyị 'ịrụ ọrụ n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu'; ma kemgbe oge ahụ, Djamila Hanafi kwuru na ndị 'ulama' aghọọla 'òtù ndị ọkà mmụta kachasị pụta ìhè ma bụrụkwa ndị a ma ama n'ihe gbasara ọgụgụ isi na mba Algeria.' Akụkụ dị mkpa nke njikọ ahụ bụ mbipụta nke L'Algérie libre, nke kwuru na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụwa Arab-Muslim nwere ike ịchọpụta naanị na "usoro ọdịbendị na-enweghị mmetụta ọdịda anyanwụ". Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, site na ịta ahụhụ, ndina n'ike, njide, na igbu ọchụ, yana mmụba nke nkwado maka ịdị n'otu ụmụ nwanyị megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala gbasaa na Algeria. Tupu ikike a inye aka n'ụzọ ka ukwuu na ndụ ọha na eze, a ghọtara ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru usoro nna ochie na nke ọchịchị ka ha bụrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. Ha ga-elekọta nnukwu ezinụlọ ndị dị n'ebe ndị ogbenye dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ha ga-abụ ndị na-amaghị akwụkwọ, na-ahapụ obere akwụkwọ banyere ahụmịhe ha. Ha enweghị olu n'ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọdịbendị, ọbụlagodi mgbe nnwere onwe Algeria gasịrị. Mgbe mgbanwe ọchịchị na esemokwu agha ji ngwa agha malitere, ndị ndu nke otu abụọ a na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị sonyeere ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe. Nafissa Hamoud, bụ onye ndu AFMA, bụ nwanyị dọkịta mbụ sonyeere òtù a. == Ihe Nketa == Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na AFMA na otu ndị ọzọ tinyere aka n'òtù na-akwado nnwere onwe Algeria site n'ọrụ ha n'ime ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke FLN, nke dịrị ihe dị ka otu afọ n'etiti afọ 1961 na 1962. == Edensibịa == <references /> 21fba1kd6npynfdbxrub0b4ipgbyksk 0 80753 727715 2026-09-24T19:58:14Z Anastesia chi 23720 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376537435|National Union of Algerian Women]]" 727715 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''National Union of [[Algeria]] Women''' (: Union Nationale des Femmes Algériennes - '''UNFA''') : 3 bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria, nke e guzobere na 1943, dị ka '''{{Lang|fr|Union des femmes d'Algérie|italic=no}}''' (Union of Women of Algeria). Mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria sitere na mmegharị nnwere onwe pụọ n'ọchịchị ndị France n'afọ ndị 1940, mgbe a kpọkọtara ụmụ nwanyị ka ha sonye n'ọgụ ahụ ma tinye ha n'ime usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Òtù ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ bụ National Union of Algerian Women (UNFA), nke jikọtara ya na Algeria Communist Party (PCA), na Association of Algerian Muslim Women (AFMA), nke e guzobere na 1947 iji kpalie ụmụ nwanyị iji kwado ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezinụlọ ha. Otu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu ọha, nke mere ka ha nwee ike ịhapụ omenala ịnọ naanị n'ụlọ ma sonye n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze, mana ha dị iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ .UFA gụnyere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọkwa niile nke pati Kọmunist nke Algeria, bụ́ ndị kwadoro nha anya n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ma ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ ma ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ebe AFMA kpọkọtara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke n'ọgụ megide ọchịchị ndị France, mana ha tụrụ anya na ụmụ nwanyị ga-apụ n'anya ọha ozugbo e meriri nnwere onwe ha site na France. Onye isi oche mbụ bụ Mme. Jean Garoby, onye na-elekọta ọrụ na Algiers. [[Abassia Fodil]] haziri ihe omume ahụ ma nata ndị otu na Oran. :: 239  Ọ bụ onye mmekọ nke Women's International Democratic Federation . : 3 A machibidoro nzukọ ahụ na 1954, <ref name="Pavard, Rochefort, Zancarini" />:: 239  N'oge agha ahụ dum, ekweghị ka otu ụmụ nwanyị ọ bụla rụọ ọrụ. N'afọ 1963, nzukọ ahụ nwere nnukwu nzukọ site na 20 ruo 21 Jenụwarị iji guzobe onwe ya ọzọ dị ka *Union nationale des femmes algériennes* (Njikọ Ụmụ Nwanyị Algeria). : 275  == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  9zz5raer2q4gruuypr4d5aft0b8a13f 0 80754 727718 2026-09-24T20:00:14Z Anumodu favour Amarachi 24669 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376398067|Killing of Saadia Mebarek]]" 727718 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Saadia Mebarek''', onye nwụrụ na Mee 25, 1960, bụ nwaanyị Algeria nke ndị agha [[France|French]] jidere, mekpọọ ma gbuo n'oge Agha Algeria. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ọ lụrụ Mohamed Kader, onye na-arụ ọrụ na crane, ma dị ime mgbe e jidere ya na Algiers na Mee 24, 1960. Di ya tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, a hụrụ Saadia nwụrụ anwụ n'isi ụtụtụ May 25. Otu onye agha French ji ihe ndina kpọga ya n'Ụlọ ọgwụ Mustapha Pacha. == Nnyocha, nyocha na ikpe == === Akụkọ gọọmentị === Na June 3, 1960, Onye isi ala Charles de Gaulle gwara Praịm Minista Michel Debré ka ọ malite nyocha: "Ihe ndị a katọrọ dị oke njọ. [...] Ọ na-aga n'ekwughị na ọ bụrụ na e guzobere mmekpa ahụ, a ga-ewere ntaramahụhụ ndị nlereanya". Dị ka akụkọ ndị agha nke Minista Pierre Messmer nyere na June 11, a na-enyo Saadia Mebarek enyo, ya na ụmụ nwanyị anọ ndị ọzọ, maka "mgbasa ozi na-abstentionist maka ntuli aka cantonal", n'ọnọdụ ebe National Liberation Front kpọrọ maka 'abstentionism.Ikpe nke onye isi ala na ndị isi ala abụọ a na-enyo enyo na ha tara Saadia Mebarek ahụhụ ruo ọnwụ. === Ikpe === E mere ikpe ahụ n'ụzọ nzuzo n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1962 n'ụlọikpe Na-adịgide Adịgide nke Ndị Agha. Dịka Sylvie Thénault na Raphaëlle Branche siri kwuo, nke a bụ naanị ikpe metụtara ndị agha so n'ọrụ ndị a rụrụ na Algeria. Onye a na-ebo ebubo kwetara ihe ndị e boro ha ebubo. Agbanyeghị, ndị agha nọ n'ụlọikpe tọhapụrụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo atọ ahụ. Ya mere, "ndị agha agaghị anabata mmegbu e mere n'oge agha ahụ, nke ha na-emecha jide ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ya." . == Edensibịa ==   {{Algerian War}} [[Otú:Agha 1960 na Algeria]] rdi89f1iy30gfgcuti17e5bln02ixh4 0 80755 727784 2026-09-25T01:50:42Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376504820|Khalida Toumi]]" 727784 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder | name = Khalida Toumi | image = Khalida Toumi.png | order = [[Ministry of Culture (Algeria)|Minister of Culture]] | term_start = 17 June 2002 | term_end = 5 May 2014 | predecessor = {{ill|Mohammed Abbou|ar|محمد عبو (سياسي جزائري)}} | successor = [[Nadia Labidi]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|3|13|df=y}} | birth_place = Ain Bessem, [[Bouira]], [[Algeria]] | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Algiers]]|[[École Normale Supérieure]]}} | spouse = | party = [[National Liberation Front (Algeria)|National Liberation Front]] | profession = Teacher, activist, politician }} '''Khalida Toumi''' ( Arabic; amuru 13 Maachị 1958), makwaara dika '''Khalida Messaoudi''' (Arabic), bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Algeria]]. Ọ bụ Minista nke Nkwukọrịta na Omenala ruo Eprel 2014. Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị, nakwa onye mbụ na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị ndị Algeria. Na 2022, a mara ya ikpe maka nrụrụ aka ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ afọ isii. == Oge ọ malitere == A maara Khalida Toumi dị ka Khalida Messaoudi ou la soufadja tupu ọ weghachite aha mbụ ya. A mụrụ ya n'afọ 1958 na Ain-Bessem, Kabylie, n'ebe ugwu [[Algeria]] wee banye na Mahadum Algiers na 1977 iji nweta akara ugo mmụta na mgbakọ na mwepụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na École Normale Supérieure na Paris, ọ kuziri mgbakọ na mwepụ ruo 1993.<ref name=":1" /> Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Alek Baylee Toumi, onye gụrụ akwụkwọ na Algeria, onye edemede na ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara asụsụ French na Francophone. == Ọrụ mmalite == Dịka onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị, na 1981, o hiwere otu Collectif féminin (Njikọ Ụmụnwaanyị) ọ bụghị naanị iji guzogide mmachibido iwu minista na-amachibido ụmụnwaanyị Algeria ịpụ na mba ahụ ma ọ gwụla ma onye ezinụlọ nwoke so ya,<ref name=":2" /> kamakwa iji guzogide nkwenye steeti maka Usoro Ezinụlọ Algeria nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ (nke ọ hụrụ), nke Mgbakọ Mba mechara nabata na 1984. Mgbe e tinyere iwu a n'ọrụ, Toumi bụ onyeisi otu maka nha anya n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị,<ref name=":2" /> nke otu ndị agha Trotsky hiwere. Na 1985, Toumi sonyeere ma bụrụ onye otu kọmitii ndị isi nke Njikọ Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Algeria. O mechara kewapụ onwe ya na ndị agha Trotskyist ma na 1990 hibere otu Independent Association for the Triumph of Women's Rights.<ref name=":0" /> Toumi megidere echiche ndị Alakụba nke ukwuu ma kwado kagbuo ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Jenụwarị 1992, nke ndị otu Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) dị njikere imeri. O weere FIS dị ka "ihe niile e ji mara mmegharị ndị ọchịchị aka ike." Ndị FIS mara ya ikpe ọnwụ na 1993, ma merụọ ya ahụ na mwakpo bọmbụ nke June 1994 megide ngagharị iwe nke ndị na-anaghị asọpụrụ Chineke.<ref name=":0" /> Toumi gara n'ihu na-emegide ya ma gaa mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ iji nye echiche megide ndị Alakụba na ndị na-emegide ndị iyi ọha egwu. Na 1993, Toumi bipụtara akwụkwọ ''Une Algérienne Debout (Unbowed: nwanyị Algeria na-eche ihu na Islam fundamentalism)'', nke a sụgharịrị gaa na Bekee na 1998.<ref name=":0" /> Na 1998, e nyere ya ihe nrite mba ụwa nke Liberal maka nnwere onwe na nzere doctorate site na Mahadum Katọlik nke Louvain, [[Belgium]].<ref name=":0" /> Dị ka onye otu pati Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Démocratie (RCD), ọ nwetara oche na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Mba (National Assembly) ma jee ozi dị ka osote onye isi otu ahụ n'ọkwa mba maka okwu gbasara ikike mmadụ na ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe o nwesịrị nnukwu esemokwu ya na onye isi otu RCD bụ Saïd Sadi, ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ya na otu ahụ na Jenụwarị 2001, n'oge nsogbu kacha njọ na mpaghara Kabylie nke bụ ebe obibi ya; e mesịrị chụpụ ya na otu RCD ahụ. A na-egosi ya mgbe niile n'ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. == Minista nke Ọdịbendị na Mmekọrịta == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Na Mee 2002, a họpụtara ya dịka Minista Omenala na Nkwukọrịta, wee dochie Mohammed Abbou, nakwa dịka onye na-ekwuchitere gọọmentị na 2003, nwanyị mbụ nwere ọrụ ahụ. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa minista ya ruo Eprel 2014. N'oge ọchịchị ya, mmefu ego omenala mba ahụ mụbara site na nde dọla iri isii na anọ ruo ihe karịrị nde dọla narị atọ. Dịka Minista nke Omenala na Nkwukọrịta, na Julaị 2006, Toumi bụ onye nnọchi anya gọọmentị na ''Journee Arab de la Culture'' (Ụbọchị Omenala Arab) nke emere na Algiers. Na 2009, o mepere Ememme Omenala Pan-Africa nke Abụọ, nke a na-emekwa na Algiers. Na 2008, Toumi nyere iwu ka e jide akwụkwọ ndetu Mohammed Benchicou nke ''Journal d'un homme libre'' (Akwụkwọ ndetu onye nweere onwe ya) n'ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ n'ihi ihe a na-ekwu na ọ na-emegide akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-emebi iwu na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Na 2012, ọ gara ebe a na-etinye ntọala maka Ụlọ Opere Algiers na Ouled Fayet. Na 2014, o nyere iwu na a gaghị akwatu ụlọ anụ ehi Algiers ochie nakwa na a na-eche ka a na-ekewa ha dị ka ebe ihe nketa omenala mba. == Ahụmahụ ọkachamara == * 1984-1991 Onye nkuzi nke mgbakọ na mwepụ * 1992-1993 Onye otu (CCN): Conseil consultatif national. * 1997-2002 Onye nnọchi anya Algiers na People's National Assembly (l'Assemblée populaire nationale). * 2000-2001 osote onye isi oche nke (CNRSE) National Commission to Reform the Educational System == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == [[File:Khalida_Toumi,_2009.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Khalida Toumi na 2009]] * Mee 1985 onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Association of Independent Women nke mbụ. * Machị 1985 onye guzobere na osote onye isi oche nke Algeria League of Human Rights mbụ. * Jenụwarị 1992 Onye otu CNSA na nke CCN. * Eprel 1996 - 2001 Onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị: RCD, ewepụrụ ya na July 2001. * 1997-2002 Onye nnọchi anya Algiers na (APN) n'okpuru akara RCD * Ọktoba 1993 osote onye isi oche nke Movement pour la République (MPR). * 9 Mee 2003 Minista Algeria nke nkwukọrịta na ọdịbendị. == Ikwenye == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Na 2022, a mara Toumi ikpe maka nrụrụ aka, gụnyere imefusị ego ọha, iji ọkwa eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na inye ihe ùgwù na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, a mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ isii. Ebubo ndị a metụtara ihe ndị mere ma kwado ego ha n'oge ọ bụ Minista Omenala na Nkwukọrịta, gụnyere Ememme Afrịka na 2009, na Algeria, Isi Obodo Omenala Arab na 2007. Agbanyeghị, na Julaị 2022, a tọhapụrụ Toumi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, dabere na mmemme ntọhapụ ọnọdụ. == Hụkwa == * Kọmitii nke Algeria == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100211201039/http://www.dadalos.org/int/Menschenrechte/Grundkurs_MR3/frauenrechte/woher/portraets/messaoudi.htm Khalida Messaoudi] {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Toumi, Khalida}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] k9199ee8ub3ufj5yppbhdacfo1o7rjd 0 80756 727785 2026-09-25T01:58:32Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376553798|Zazi Sadou]]" 727785 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Zazi Sadou''' bụ onye Algeria na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị. N'oge Agha Obodo Algeria, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ekwuchitere otu ụmụ nwanyị Algeria na-alụso ọnọdụ ọjọọ ọgụ n'etiti afọ 1993 na 2004; ọ bụkwa onye tọrọ ntọala otu ''Rassemblement Algérien des Femmes Démocrates'' (RAFD), onye so na Kọmitii Mba Na-emegide Ịchefu Ihe na Ịrara Mba nye (National Committee Against Forgetting and Betrayal), nakwa onye so na ndị tọrọ ntọala otu The Algerian Assembly of Democratic Women (AADW). == Akụkọ ndụ == Sadou hiwere Rassemblement Algérien des Femmes Democrates (RAFD), so na Kọmitii Mba megide Ichefu na Ịghọ Aghụghọ, ma bụrụkwa onye guzobere Mgbakọ Ndị Nwanyị Democratic nke Algeria (AADW). Ọ haziri nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria ma dee akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Algerian ''bụ El Watan''. Ndị omekome yiri ya egwu ọnwụ maka ngagharịiwe ya.<ref name=":0" /> Dịka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere RAFD site na 1993 ruo 2004, Sadou chịkọtara ihe akaebe nke ụmụ nwanyị lanarịrị ime ihe ike nke Armed Islamic Group of Algeria mere n'oge Agha Obodo Algeria, gụnyere ịtọrọ mmadụ, idina mmadụ n'ike na mmekpa ahụ. N'ụwa niile, o gosiri ndị nta akụkọ ụwa ihe akaebe ndị a<ref name=":1" /> na Mary Robinson, [[Ọfịs nke Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ|Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ]], ma gaa mmemme ya na Michel Tubiana, onyeisi oche nke French Human Rights League. E jikwa ihe akaebe Sadou chịkọtara mee ihe ''n'Akụkọ Shadow on Algeria'', nke e nyere Kọmitii [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] [[Nkwekọrịta maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè niile megide ụmụ nwanyị|maka Mwepụ nke Ịkpa Ókè megide Ụmụ Nwanyị]] (CEDAW) site na International Women's Human Rights Law Clinic na netwọk nkwado ụmụ nwanyị bi n'okpuru Iwu Ndị Alakụba (WLUML) na 1999. Na afọ 2000, RAFD hiwere "Women Resists Against Fundamentalism and Oblivion Award" maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-emegide fundamentalism. == Onyinye == Na 1997, otu Women, Law and Development International (WLDI) nyere Sadou ihe nrite ikike mmadụ. Na 2005, a kpọrọ Sadou aha dịka onye mmeri Nobel Peace Prize nke 1000 PeaceWomen Across the World (PWAG). == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />   [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] riwrh27vxun7iwhrd0g567pztlbjjqs 0 80757 727790 2026-09-25T02:19:08Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323869028|Souad Bendjaballah]]" 727790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Souad Bendjaballah''' bụ onye ọkaiwu, onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si Algeria. == Akụkọ ndụ == Souad so n'otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị n'ógbè Mediterranean, ya na Fatima-Zohra Guechi, o sonyekwara na nzukọ a n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1999 na Mahadum Constantine 1.. Na Ọktoba 8, 2003, a họpụtara ya dịka Minista Nnọchiteanya na Minista nke Agụmakwụkwọ Ka Elu, onye na-ahụ maka nyocha sayensị. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa a ruo afọ 2012. Na Septemba 4, 2012, a họpụtara ya dịka Minista nke Njikọ Mba, Ezinụlọ na Ọnọdụ Ụmụ Nwanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị Abdelmalek Sellal. A họpụtara ya ọzọ n'ọkwa ọchịchị nke abụọ nke Abdelmalek Sellal n'oge mgbanwe ọchịchị nke Septemba 11, afo 2013. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa a ruo Mee 2014. N'afo 2017, ọ bụ Minista nke Njikọ Aka. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bendjaballah, Souad}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7ohqbs753o9fxy7qrpoz2170eoz9mm6 727791 727790 2026-09-25T02:19:25Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323869028|Souad Bendjaballah]]" 727791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Souad Bendjaballah''' bụ onye ọkaiwu, onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si Algeria. == Akụkọ ndụ == Souad so n'otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị n'ógbè Mediterranean, ya na Fatima-Zohra Guechi, o sonyekwara na nzukọ a n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1999 na Mahadum Constantine 1. Na Ọktoba 8, 2003, a họpụtara ya dịka Minista Nnọchiteanya na Minista nke Agụmakwụkwọ Ka Elu, onye na-ahụ maka nyocha sayensị. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa a ruo afọ 2012. Na Septemba 4, 2012, a họpụtara ya dịka Minista nke Njikọ Mba, Ezinụlọ na Ọnọdụ Ụmụ Nwanyị n'okpuru ọchịchị Abdelmalek Sellal. A họpụtara ya ọzọ n'ọkwa ọchịchị nke abụọ nke Abdelmalek Sellal n'oge mgbanwe ọchịchị nke Septemba 11, afo 2013. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa a ruo Mee 2014. N'afo 2017, ọ bụ Minista nke Njikọ Aka. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bendjaballah, Souad}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hrz5tg4xedr5w66jg4q9lrslsrklsnp 0 80758 727793 2026-09-25T02:30:15Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367308232|Emília Dias]]" 727793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emília Carlota Sebastião Celestino Dias''' (amụrụ 1972) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nkuzi si Angolan. Ọ bụ onye otu omeiwu mba [[Angola]] kemgbe afọ 2008. Na 2026, a họpụtara ya dịka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Òtù Ụmụ Nwanyị Angola. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Emília Carlota Dias na mpaghara Namibe nke Angola na 1972. Ọ malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya n'afọ 1980 dịka onye otu òtù dị iche iche nke ndị ntorobịa, gụnyere Agostinho Neto Pioneer Organization na [[Ndị ntorobịa nke MPLA|Youth of MPLA]]. O nwere nzere bachelọ na agụmakwụkwọ, ọkachamara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ kụzikwara ihe na mbụ na School of Professional Training in Arts and Crafts na Namibe Province. A họpụtakwara ya dịka onyeisi ngalaba nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Ụmụaka nke Angola.<ref name=":3" /> Na 2008, a họpụtara Dias ka ọ bụrụ onye otu pati MPLA na - achị, na-anọchite anya ndị omeiwu ntuli aka mba ahụ. A họpụtara ya ọzọ n'afọ 2012, 2017, na 2022.<ref name=":2" /> Na 2010, o jere ozi na Mgbakọ Iwu nke degharịrị Iwu Angola, wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref name=":2" /> Na 2026, a họpụtara ya dịka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Òtù Ụmụ Nwanyị Angola, wee nọchie [[Joana Tomás]]. Ọ nọwo na Kọmitii Etiti nke otu ahụ kemgbe afọ 2005. N'oge ọrụ ya niile, Dias akwadola inye ụmụ nwanyị ike, gụnyere nkwado maka ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo na itinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ime usoro mkpebi. == Edensibị''a'' == {{DEFAULTSORT:Dias, Emilia}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7sf5wuxdaob4td1f3oimjmgz2z0z3w1 0 80759 727795 2026-09-25T02:55:53Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372299452|Haddy Dandeh-Jabbie]]" 727795 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Haddy Dandeh-Jabbie''' nke a makwaara dịka '''Haddy Dandeh''' bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na mba Gambia, ọkà okwu ọha na eze na ọkaiwu a ma ama maka ịkwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka na mba Gambia. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dịka Onyeisi nke Òtù Ndị Ọkaiwu Ụmụ Nwanyị nke Gambia (FLAG). == Ọrụ == O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke iwu na Mahadum Bournemouth ma nweta nzere masta ya na iwu na 1998 na Mahadum Westminster dị na England. O nwetakwara akara ugo mmụta ya dịka ọkaiwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Sierra Leone. Haddy abụrụla onye ọkaiwu kemgbe afọ 2001, a na-asọpụrụkwa ya nke ukwuu maka ịbụ otu n'ime ndị ọkaiwu na-aga nke ọma na Gambia. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ngalaba iwu nke Comium, onye na-arụ ọrụ ekwentị na Gambia, na ngalaba iwu na akụrụngwa mmadụ. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, a họpụtara ya dịka osote onyeisi oche nke otu ndị ọkaiwu ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Gambia. Na 2015, ọ so na ndị isi oche nke otu Think Young Women, na June 2017 ọ ghọrọ onye otu bọọdụ ama ama nke ActionAid, nke bụ otu mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị. Na Febụwarị 2016, e buliri ya n'ọkwa Onye Isi nke Njikọ Ndị Ọka Iwu Nwanyị nke Gambia, ebe ọ nọchiri Neneh Cham. Onye Ọka Iwu Ukwu nke mba ahụ họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi ndị ọka iwu nke Gambia na Jenụwarị 2020. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dandeh-Jabbie, Haddy}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] a76uxoanoot4k42m78ks9f6sefxcm9i 0 80760 727804 2026-09-25T03:22:11Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1158107360|Siga Fatima Jagne]]" 727804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siga Fatima Jagne''' bụ ọkà mmụta nwanyị na onye nchịkwa nke si Gambia. Ọ bụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ECOWAS. == Ndụ == Siga Fatima Jagne nwere nzere MA na Mahadum Cornell na 1989, wee nweta PhD ya na 1994 na Mahadum Steeti nke New York na Binghamton, yana edemede gbasara ndị edemede Mariama Bâ na Bessie Head. Dịka Kọmishọna ECOWAS maka Mmekọrịta Ọha na Eze na Mmekọahụ, na Nọvemba 2019, o nyeere aka ịmalite 50 Million African Women Speak (50MAWS), ikpo okwu dijitalụ iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'Africa aka inweta ozi iji nyere ha aka ịzụlite azụmaahịa ha. N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2020, mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu n'emume Ụbọchị Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ nke Ụwa na Abuja, Jagne kwere nkwa na ECOWAS ga-akwado mba ndị so na ya iji nyere ndị nsogbu mmadụ na-akawanye njọ na mpaghara Sahel metụtara aka. == Ọrụ == * (ed. ya na Pushpa Naidu Parekh) Ndị edemede Africa nke postcolonial: akwụkwọ akụkọ dị oke egwu nke bio-bibliographical. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * (ed.) ''Mba-mba na ihe ịma aka nke njikọta mpaghara na West Africa. '' ''Ikpe nke Gambia''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Karthala, 2010 == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagne, Siga Fatima}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d2xskp5w3as4djenmzhk20ras7yaw71 0 80761 727874 2026-09-25T08:50:49Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372605362|Fatou Jagne Senghore]]" 727874 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Fatou Jagne Senghore''' (maọbụ '''Senghor'''; amụrụ na 10 Eprel 1970) bụ ọkaiwu [[The Gambia|mba Gambia]], onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ikike mmadụ na West Africa, ọkachasị na Gambia na [[Senegal]]. O nwetara aha "Nwanyị Iron nke Senegal" maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji chebe ikike mmadụ na Gambia n'okpuru ọchịchị aka ike nke Yahya Jammeh. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na Gambia, nna ya bụ onye Senegal, si Rufisque. Nne ya, Gambian (nwa nwa nwa Konko Abari Gaye/Pompeh Gaye) [https://motc.gov.gm/banjuls-oldest-well-of-200-years/ Pompeh Gaye] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Rufisque mgbe ọ kwagara Senegal. Jagne lụrụ [[Alasan Senghore]], onye na-arụ ọrụ na International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Senegal, Jagne laghachiri na Gambia wee gụchaa akwụkwọ na Lycée Sénégalais de Banjul na nzere Baccalauréat A. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ maka iwu rụọ nwa oge na Mahadum [https://www.ucad.sn/ Cheikh Anta Diop] n'afo 1991 tupu ọ kwaga France na 1992. Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ nzere bachelọ nke iwu na Mahadum Toulouse dị na Frans. N'otu afọ ahụ, o nwetara diplọma na ngalaba mmekọrịta mba ụwa na ọmụmụ gbasara mmepe, yana nzere bachelọ nke asụsụ/Cambridge English Law Speciality. Na 1997, ọ gụchara nzere masta na Iwu Mba Nile na nke Europe, ma n'afo 1998 ọ nwetara nzere LLM na Iwu gbasara Akụnụba na Nkwukọrịta n'okpuru agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Toulouse. == Ọrụ == Jagne Senghor nwere ihe karịrị afọ 25 nke ahụmịhe n'ịrụ ọrụ na ikike mmadụ na Afrịka (inweta ahụmịhe na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, ịnweta ozi, iwu mgbasa ozi na usoro ikike mmadụ na mpaghara Afrịka). Na 1998, ọ laghachiri Gambia. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye ọrụ mmemme na Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa na Banjul site na 1999 ruo 2001. O tinyere aka n'ịmalite ọtụtụ mmemme ọzụzụ maka ndị ọkaiwu na ndị ọkaikpe ma malite nchịkọta mbụ nke Mkpebi nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Ndị Mmadụ nke Afrịka (ACHPR). Jagne Senghor rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye nta akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya na onye na-eweta akụkọ maka akụkọ French kwa izu maka Gambia Radio and Television Service (GRTS). Na Febụwarị afọ 2002, ọ sonyeere otu ndị Britain na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ nke aha ya bụ Article 19 dịka onye ọrụ mmemme Africa na Johannesburg. O sorola gọọmentị dị iche iche na òtù ndị na-abụghị nke gọọmentị rụọ ọrụ n'ịgbanwe amụma mgbasa ozi na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'Africa. Jagne Senghor esorokwala n'ọtụtụ ikpe na mkpọsa maka ndị a na-emegbu n'ọtụtụ ebe n'Africa, ọkachasị na Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mauritania]], [[Eritrea]] na [[The Gambia|Gambia]]. O so otu ụmụnwaanyị na Senegal rụọ ọrụ iji mee ka ọha na eze mara maka iwu nha nhata e tinyere na 2010 iji mee ka ụmụnwaanyị nwee ike ịnweta mgbasa ozi. O sonyekwala n'ọtụtụ mmemme nkwado maka Article 19 na Tunisia na Tunisia Monitoring Group. Jagne Senghor mere nyocha gbasara mmachi na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na Tunisia, onye nnọchiteanya Article19, onye hiwere International Freedom of Expression Exchange. Na 2010, o hiwere ngalaba nke Article 19 nke ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka na Senegal, wee rịgoro n'ọkwa ịbụ onye nduzi mpaghara na 2013. Ruo afọ iri abụọ, ọ kwadoro ọrụ nke Kọmishọna Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Ndị Mmadụ (ACHPR) ma duru ndị na-akwado maka nnabata nke nkwupụta nke Nkwupụta nke Ụkpụrụ Maka Nnwere Onwe nke Nkwupụta na Afrịka. O kwadokwara mmepe nke usoro maka ntọala nke onye na-ekwuchitere onwe ya na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'Africa na 2015. Na 2022, Jagne hapụrụ ọkwa dịka Onyeisi Mpaghara nke ARTICLE 19 wee laghachi na Gambia ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-akwado usoro ikpe ziri ezi nke mgbanwe. O hiwere Center for Women's Rights and Leadership (CWRL) n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ebe a na-akwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị, isonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na idu ndú na Gambia. N'afọ 2023, Ọkaiwu Ukwu na Minista nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi họpụtara ya na mmadụ abụọ a ma ama dịka ndị na-akwado omume ọma (Onyeisi oche nke Kansụl Alakụba Kasị Elu, Gambia na Onyeisi Kansụl Ndị Kraịst Gambia) iji kwado usoro nhazi maka iwu ọhụrụ maka Gambia. Onye ogbugbo mba ụwa, Mohamed Ibn Chambas, na-edu ndị otu a. == Nsọpụrụ == N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, Onyeisiala mba Frans nyere Jagne Senghore nsọpụrụ dị elu nke Chevalier dans I'Ordre National du Mérite (Knight of the National Order of Merit /Ordre national du Mérite). E dekwara aha ya n'ime ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka 100 kacha nwee mmetụta na 2019 ma nweta onyinye West African Shield Award site na Pan-African Human Rights Defender Network na June 2019. N'afọ 2020, o natara ihe nrite dike nke otu ndị nta akụkọ Gambia Press Union, na n'afọ 2021, ihe nrite Deyda Hydara maka nnwere onwe ndị nta akụkọ maka ọrụ ya na-enye na ntaramahụhụ na ihe nrite Legacy in Activism nke SheAwards Gambia nyere n'afọ 2023. Ọ bụ onye ndu Amujae nke afọ 2023 na Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Presidential Center for Women and Development. N'afọ 2019, Onyeisiala mba Gambia, Adama Barrow họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke Board of Directors nke Gambia Radio and Television Services (GRTS). Na 2022, a họpụtara ya dịka onyeisi oche nke Kansụl Ọchịchị nke African Freedom of Information Center (AFIC). Na June 2020, a kwupụtara na Jagne Senghore so n'ime mmadụ anọ a họpụtara maka ọkwa Onye Pụrụ Iche nke UN na-ahụ maka ịkwalite na ichekwa ikike inwe echiche na ikwupụta ya n'efu. Ndị ọzọ a họpụtara bụ Irene Khan, Nani Jansen Reventlow na Agustina del Campo. Irene Khan nwetara ọkwa ahụ. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.gpuawards.gm/HallOfFame/Detail/16 Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Aha] * [https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/headlines/bathurst-oldest-well-sunk-in-1820 Olulu Mmiri Kasị Ochie nke Bathurst na 1820]   [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d0sdaa8imgnqgfsok9uui91odkdelem 0 80762 727881 2026-09-25T09:13:44Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324366126|Fatou Jallow]]" 727881 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Fatou A. "Toufah" Jallow''' (amụrụ na Eprel 19, 1996 na Soma) bụ eze nwanyị mara mma [[The Gambia|nke mba Gambia]]. A maara ya n'afọ 2014 maka ebubo ya nke idina mmadụ n'ike na mmegbu mmekọahụ megide Onyeisiala Gambia Yahya Jammeh. == Ndụ == Jallow bụ onye otu agbụrụ Fulbe. Ndị mụrụ ya bụ Alfa Jallow na Awa Saho. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Nusrat ruo klas nke iri na abụọ.<ref name=":0" /> Na 2014, o meriri aha Miss Julaị 22 na asọmpi ịma mma mba nke onye ọchịchị aka ike nke Gambia bụ Yahya Jammeh haziri. N'oge a, ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ. Na Septemba 2014, ọ malitere ọzụzụ ndị nkuzi na Mahadum Gambia dị na Brikama. Dịka akụkọ dị na ''Kibaroo News'' si kwuo na June 2015, ọ furu efu ruo ọtụtụ izu mgbe a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ụlọ gọọmentị na Banjul. N'oge asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, a boro Jammeh ebubo na ọ na-akpagbu ya ugboro ugboro ma na-enye ya onyinye. Dịka akụkọ ahụ si kwuo, a kpọtara ya n'ihu Jammeh ọtụtụ ugboro n'enweghị uche ya. O kwuputara n'ihu ọha ọtụtụ ugboro na ọ chọrọ ịlụ Jallow, mana ọ jụrụ. Dịka Jallow si kọwaa n'afọ 2019, na Julaị 2015 ọ gbapụrụ n'ókèala ahụ gaa Dakar (Senegal), ebe ọ tụgharịrị gaa n'òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ.  Na Ọgọst 6, 2015, ọ natara ebe mgbaba na Kanada ma kemgbe ahụ ọ bi na Toronto.<ref name=":7" /> N'ebe ahụ ka ọ gụchara ọgwụgwọ ma mụọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'ihe dịka afọ 2019, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nnọchi anya ndị ahịa maka ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta ma sonye na ebe a na-elekọta ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":4" /> === Ebubo ndina n'ike === Na ngwụcha ọnwa Juun afọ 2019, o boro ebubo n'ihu òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ bụ́ Human Rights Watch na TRIAL na Jammeh dinara ya n'ike. E kwuru aha Jallow dịka ọ rịọrọ, iji gbaa ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ume ka ha kọọ banyere ahụmahụ ndị dị otú ahụ. Mgbe o meriri asọmpi ịma mma na Disemba 6, 2014, o kwuru na a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa leta Jammeh ọtụtụ ugboro n'ime ọnwa ndị sochirinụ. Dịka nkwupụta ya si kwuo, o nwetara Dalasi 50,000, e mesịakwa o nwetara Dalasi 200,000 ọzọ n'aka ya.<ref name=":02" /> === Mmeghachi omume === Jammeh n'onwe ya ekwughị okwu gbasara ebubo ndị a. Ousman Rambo Jatta, onye ọrụ pati nke otu Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction nke Jammeh hiwere, kpọrọ ebubo ndị a ụgha, na-ekwu na Jammeh "bụ onye ndu a na-asọpụrụ nke ukwuu, onye na-atụ egwu Chineke, onye na-asọpụrụ Chineke, onye na-enweghị ihe ọzọ ma e wezụga nsọpụrụ maka ụmụ nwanyị Gambia anyị." Otu onye ọkwọ ụgbọala n'oge ahụ gọnarịrị ebubo Jallow maka idina mmadụ n'ike. Minista na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na Onye isi ndị ọka iwu nke mba Gambia, bụ Abubacarr Tambadou, tinyere Salieu Taal, bụ onye isi otu ndị ọka iwu nke mba ahụ (GBA), toro Jallow maka obi ike o nwere ikwupụta ihe mere ya mgbe o bu ụzọ gbachi nkịtị; ha gbakwara ndị ọzọ e dinara n'ike ume ka ha kwupụtakwa ihe mere ha, n'olileanya na nke a ga-enye ohere ka e boro Jammeh ebubo ndị ọzọ. Òtù na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị bụ Female Lawyers Association Gambia (FLAG) kwadoro echiche ha a. E kwuru na ebubo ndị ọzọ megide ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nọ n'ọkwa dị elu n'ụbọchị ndị sochirinụ.<ref name=":6" /> Na Septemba 2019, onye ndu nwa oge nke APRC, Fabakary Jatta, kpọrọ ebubo ndị a ụgha, na-ekwu na Jallow "kwesịrị ikele onye bụbu onyeisiala Jammeh maka nkwado ego", ma katọọ ebubo ndị a dị ka mgbalị iji mebie aha Jammeh. Jallow jụrụ okwu a dị ka ihe na-egosi na ọ chọrọ nlebara anya, ma kwuo na ọ bụghị ebubo APRC dịka otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kama ebubo Jammeh n'onwe ya, nakwa na APRC ekwesịghị ikwuchitere ya okwu. N'abalị iri atọ na otu nke ọnwa Ọktoba, afọ 2019, Jallow gbara akaebe n'ihu Kọmishọna Eziokwu, Mmezi na Mweghachi na ịnakwere ọchịchị Jammeh, ma kwughachi ma mee ka ebubo ya doo anya. Ya na Kim Pattaway ebipụtala akwụkwọ ''Toufah, The Woman Who Inspired an African #MeToo Movement.'' == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jallow, Fatou}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jmn6hthwuav7f2d6yhabos6ztftl1u1 0 80763 727884 2026-09-25T09:31:18Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376620567|Augusta Jawara]]" 727884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (''née'' '''Mahoney'''; Mee 1924 – 21 Jenụwarị 1981), bụ nọọsụ [[The Gambia|mba Gambia]], onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye na-akwado [[ikike ụmụ nwanyị]]. Ọ bụ nwunye mbụ nke Sir Dawda Jawara, Praịm Minista nke Gambia (site na 1955 ruo 1967). == Ndụ == A mụrụ Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney n'ezinụlọ Ndị Kraịst a ma ama nke ndị Aku Creole. Ọ bụ ada Sir John Mahoney, onye bụbu onye isi oche mbụ nke Kansụl Iwu nke Gambia, na nwunye ya, bụ Hannah. Nwanne nwanyị Augusta bụ Louise N'Jie.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mohammedan High School, ebe o zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu, (onye ga-abụ onyeisiala n'ọdịnihu) Dawda Jawara, tupu ọ mụọ ọrụ nọọsụ na Edinburgh, Scotland. Na Febụwarị afọ 1955, ọ lụrụ Dawda Jawara. A mụrụ nwa mbụ ha na Edinburgh, ebe di ya lọtara ịga akwụkwọ. Na 1960, ọ zọọrọ ọkwa dịka onye nnọchi anya ụlọ omeiwu na ntuli aka nke afọ 1960, wee zọọ ọkwa Soldier Town na Bathurst n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịzọ ọkwa di ya, PPP. O si otú a bụrụ nwanyị mbụ ga-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka mba Gambia. Na 1962, o hiwere otu Women's Contemporary Society. E mepụtara egwuregwu ya, ''Eze Afrịka'', na [[Ememme Ụwa nke Black Arts|Ememme Nkà Ndị Negro]] na Dakar na 1966. N'afọ 1967, ya na Dawda Jawara gbara alụkwaghịm, ya na onye Alakụba malitekwara ịgbagha.  Na 1968, o bipụtara ''Rebellion'' - "ikekwe akwụkwọ mbụ a ma ama nke na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị, nke na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala akwụkwọ Gambia". E bipụtara ya n'aha aha ya bụ ''Rebellion'', egwuregwu gbasara Nyasta, nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na ụma bi n'ime ime obodo nke na-agbasi mbọ ike ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya kama ịlụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye ya. N'oge e bipụtara ya, ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke otu ụmụ nwanyị Gambia,<ref name="Saine2012" /> nke o nyere aka guzobe site na otu ụmụ nwanyị na Mpaghara Ukwu Banjul. == Ọnwụ == Augusta Jawara nwụrụ na [[London]] n'abalị iri abụọ na otu nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1981, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise na isii.  == Ọrụ == Nọọsụ Gambia === Egwuregwu === * The African King, nke e mepụtara na 1966. * ''Nnupụisi'', 1968 === Ndị ọzọ === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", Women Today, Vol. 6, Nke 4 (1965), peeji nke 79-81. == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />   bm3fmmabf24pel4bunz770ap9gse1mm 0 80764 727890 2026-09-25T10:13:34Z Confidence24 24524 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372745115|Huda Sha'arawi]]" 727890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Huda_Sha'arawi2.jpg|thumb|Huda Sha'rawi n'ọfịs ya, na-eyighị hijab]] '''Huda Sha'arawi''' ma ọ bụ '''Hoda Sha'rawi''' (Arabic: هدى شعراوي, ALA-LC: Hudá Sha'rāwī; 23 Juun 1879 – 12 Disemba 1947) bụ onye ndu ndị nwanyị Ijipt na-asụ ụzọ, onye nkwuputa, onye mba na onye guzobere otu ndị nwanyị Egypt. == Ndụ mbụ na alụmdi na nwunye == Huda Sha'arawi mụrụ Nour Al-Huda Mohamed Sultan Shaarawi (Arabic) n'obodo Minya nke dị n'elu Ijipt nye ezinụlọ Shaarawi a ma ama nke Ijipt.<ref>{{Citation |last=Zénié-Ziegler |first=Wédad |title=In Search of Shadows: Conversations with Egyptian Women |page=112 |year=1988 |publisher=[[Zed Books]] |isbn=978-0862328078}}</ref> Ọ bụ ada Muhammad Sultan Pasha Shaarawi, onye mechara bụrụ onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya Ijipt.<ref name=":0" /> Nne ya, Iqbal Hanim, si n'agbụrụ Circassian, e sikwa n'ógbè Caucasus ziga ya ka ọ gaa biri n'ebe nwanne nna ya nọ n'Ijipt. Sha'arawi gụrụ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị obere, ya na ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke, na-amụ ọtụtụ isiokwu dịka ụtọasụsụ na akara ugo mmụta n'ọtụtụ asụsụ. O biri ndụ nwata na nwata n'otu oge naanị ya n'obodo ndị Ijipt dị elu. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ọ nọ n'okpuru nlekọta nke nwanne nna ya nke okenye, Ali Sha'arawi.<ref>{{Citation |title=هدى شعراوي.. قصة تاريخ مجيد في نضال المرأة العربية |date=25 April 2009 |url=http://www.albayan.ae/paths/2009-04-25-1.427471 |access-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231034757/http://www.albayan.ae/paths/2009-04-25-1.427471 |archive-date=31 December 2017 |language=ar}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ọ lụrụ nwanne nna ya bụ Ali Sha'arawi, onye Sultan họpụtara dịka onye nlekọta iwu kwadoro ụmụ ya na onye nlekọta ihe onwunwe ya. Dịka ọkà mmụta Middle East bụ Margot Badran si kwuo, "nkewapụ ya na di ya mere ka o nwee oge maka agụmakwụkwọ dị ogologo, tinyekwara uto nnwere onwe a na-atụghị anya ya." Ndị nkuzi nwanyị na Cairo kụziiri ya ihe ma nata nkuzi. Sha'arawi dere uri n'asụsụ Arabic na French. Sha'arawi mechara kọwapụta ndụ nwata ya n'ime akwụkwọ ndekọta ya, ''Modhakkerātī'' (مذكرتي, “My Memoir”) nke a tụgharịrị wee mebie ya na ụdị bekee <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Harem Years: The Memoirs of an Egypt Feminist, 1879–1924</i></nowiki>. == Ịhụ mba n'anya == Mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 1919 bụ ngagharị iwe nke ụmụ nwanyị duziri na-akwado nnwere onwe Ijipt n'aka Britain na ntọhapụ nke ndị isi mba nwoke. Ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị ndị Ijipt dị elu, dịka Sha'arawi, duru ìgwè ndị ngagharị iwe ebe ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị ndị nọ n'ọkwa dị ala si n'ime obodo nyere aka ma sonye na ngagharị iwe okporo ụzọ yana ndị na-akwado ndị nwoke. Sha'arawi na di ya rụkọrọ ọrụ n'oge mgbanwe ọchịchị mgbe ọ nọ n'ọkwa dịka osote onyeisiala maka Wafd; Pasha Sha'arawi na-agwa ya ka o wee nọchie ya ma ọ bụrụ na ejide ya ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ so na Wafd. E hiwere Kọmitii Etiti nke Ụmụ Nwanyị Wafdist (WWCC), nke jikọtara ya na Wafd, na 12 Jenụwarị 1920, mgbe ngagharị iwe gasịrị na 1919. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ndị sonyere na ngagharị iwe ahụ ghọrọ ndị otu kọmitii ahụ, wee họpụta Sha'arawi dị ka onyeisi oche mbụ ya.<ref name=":1" /> Na 1938, Sha'arawi na EFU kwadoro Nzukọ Ụmụnwaanyị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ maka Nchebe Palestine na Cairo. N'afọ 1945, ọ natara Order of Virtues. == Ịbụ onye inyom == [[File:Huda_Sha'arawi1_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Huda Sha'rawi tupu ọ wepụ uwe elu ya]] N'oge ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'Ijipt nọ n'ụlọ maọbụ ụlọ ndị inyom nke o lere anya dị ka usoro ihe onwunwe nke na-ala azụ. Sha'arawi wesoro iwu ndị a megide mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị iwe, wee malite ịhazi okwu nkuzi maka ụmụ nwanyị gbasara isiokwu ndị masịrị ha. Nke a mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị si n'ụlọ ha pụta ma banye n'ebe ọha na eze maka oge mbụ, Sha'arawi wee mee ka ha kweta inyere ya aka ịmepụta otu ọdịmma ụmụ nwanyị iji nweta ego maka ụmụ nwanyị dara ogbenye nke Ijipt. Na 1910, Sha'arawi meghere ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ ebe o lekwasịrị anya n'ịkụzi ihe mmụta kama ịkụzi ihe bara uru dịka ịzụ ụmụ nwanyị. Sha'arawi kpebiri ịkwụsị iyi hijab ọdịnala ya mgbe di ya nwụsịrị n'afọ 1922. Mgbe ọ lọtara na ogbako nke itoolu nke International Women Suffrage Alliance Congress na Rom, o wepụrụ ákwà mgbochi na uwe elu ya, ihe omume dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt. Ụmụ nwanyị bịara ikele ya tụrụ ha n'anya na mbụ, ha wee malite ịkụ aka, ụfọdụ n'ime ha wee wepụ ákwà mgbochi na ákwà mgbochi ha. N'ime afọ iri nke nnupụisi Sha'arawi, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt kwụsịrị iyi ákwà mkpuchi na ákwà mgbochi ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ ruo mgbe mmegharị azụ malitere. Mkpebi ya iwepụ ákwà mkpuchi na uwe mwụda ya bụ akụkụ nke mmegharị ka ukwuu nke ụmụ nwanyị, ma Eugénie Le Brun, onye Ijipt mụrụ na France, metụtara ya, mana o dị iche na ụfọdụ ndị na-eche echiche gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị dịka [[Malak Hifni Nasif]]. Na afọ 1923, Sha'arawi hiwere ma bụrụ onyeisi oche mbụ nke Egyptian Feminist Union. N'ịbụ ihe e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị nwere nnwere onwe na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ, EFU chọrọ ịgbanwe iwu ndị na-egbochi nnwere onwe nkeonwe, dị ka alụmdi na nwunye, ịgba alụkwaghịm, na nlekọta ụmụaka. Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ, o gosipụtara nnwere onwe ya site n'ịbanye n'ụlọ ahịa dị na Alexandria ịzụta uwe nke ya kama ịkpọbata ha n'ụlọ ya. O nyere aka n'ịhazi Mubarrat Muhammad Ali, otu nzukọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị, na 1909 na otu ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt na 1914, afọ ahụ ọ gara [[Europe|Yuropu]] maka oge mbụ. O nyere aka duzie ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwanyị mbụ n'okporo ámá n'oge mgbanwe Ijipt nke afọ 1919, a họpụtakwara ya onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Etiti nke Ụmụ Nwanyị Wafdist. Ọ malitere inwe nzukọ mgbe niile maka ụmụ nwanyị n'ụlọ ya, site na nke a ka e si guzobe Njikọ Ndị Nwanyị Ijipt. O hiwere akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ndị inyom n'asụsụ French nke a na-akpọ ''L'Égyptienne'' n'afọ 1925, wee malite ibipụta ya n'asụsụ Arabic na 1937 n'aha "المصريـة" (''al-misriyya''), iji mee ka a mara ihe kpatara ya; aha abụọ ahụ pụtara "nwanyị Ijipt". Ọ duru ndị inyom Ijipt na mmeghe nke Palịament na Jenụwarị 1924 ma nye ndepụta nke ihe ndị chọrọ maka mba na ndị otu nwanyị, nke gọọmentị Wafdist leghaara anya, wee gbaa arụkwaghịm na Kọmitii Etiti nke Ụmụ Nwanyị Wafdist. Ọ gara n'ihu na-edu ndị Ijipt Feminist Union ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ feminist ''l'Egyptienne'' (na ''el-Masreyya''), ma na-anọchite anya Ijipt na nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị na Graz, Paris, Amsterdam, Berlin, Marseille, Istanbul, Brussels, Budapest, Copenhagen, Interlaken, na Geneva.  Ọ kwadoro udo na mwepụ ngwa agha. Ọ bụrụgodị na ọ bụ naanị ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị ọ chọrọ ka e mezuru n'oge ndụ ya, o tinyere ntọala maka uru ndị inyom Ijipt ga-enweta ma nọgide na-abụ onye na-anọchite anya ọkọlọtọ maka mmegharị nnwere onwe ha. Nkwupụta na ọ nọgidere na-eyi apostolnik bụ ụgha; foto nke ọ nọgidere na-eyi uwe mwụda bụ ihe e chepụtara echepụta. E gosipụtara nke a site na vidiyo na foto ndị dị adị, nakwa site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ dịghị nwanyị ka na-eyi uwe mwụda n'oge ya.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=شاهد لأول مرة هدي هانم شعراوي .. صوت وصورة |date=15 August 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GyWNS6gZSY |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> Sha'arawi bụ isiokwu nke Sania Sharawi Lanfranchi mere nnukwu akụkọ ndụ bekee na 2012. == Mmekọrịta ya na Atatürk == E mere ogbako ụmụnwaanyị mba ụwa nke iri na abụọ na Istanbul, [[Turkéy|Turkey]] na ụbọchị iri na asatọ nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 1935, Huda Sha'arawi bụ onyeisi oche ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ụmụnwaanyị iri na abụọ. Nzukọ ahụ họpụtara Huda ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi oche nke International Women's Union ma were Atatürk dị ka onye nlereanya nye ya na ihe o mere. O dere n'akwụkwọ ncheta ya sị: "Mgbe ogbako Istanbul gwụchara, anyị nwetara òkù ịga emume nke Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, onye tọhapụrụ Turkey nke oge a, haziri. N'ime ụlọ nzukọ dị n'akụkụ ọfịs ya, ndị nnọchiteanya a kpọrọ guzoro n'ụdị ọkara okirikiri; obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọnụ ụzọ meghere, Atatürk wee bata n'ọnọdụ na-egosipụta ùgwù na ịdị ukwuu, ikuku nke nkwanye ùgwù pụrụ iche wee juputa n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe oge m ruru, agwara m ya okwu ozugbo n'enweghị onye ntụgharị okwu; ihe a bụ ihe pụrụ iche maka nwanyị si n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke nọchitere anya Òtù Ụmụ Nwanyị Mba Nile ma na-ekwu okwu n'asụsụ Turkish iji gosipụta mmasị na ekele maka ọrụ nnwere onwe ọ duziri na Turkey. Asịrị m: 'Ị bụ ihe nlereanya nye mba ndị Alakụba; ị gbara mba niile dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ ume ka ha gbalịa inweta nnwere onwe ma chọọ ikike ụmụ nwanyị.' Asịrị m ọzọ: 'Ọ bụrụ na ndị Turkey weere gị dị ka nna ha ma kpọọ gị Atatürk, ana m asị na nke ahụ ezughị; kama, maka anyị, ị bụ "Atasharq" [Nna nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ].' O nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'okwu a sitere n'aka nwanyị na-edu ndị nnọchiteanya, o wee kelee m nke ukwuu maka mmetụta dị ukwuu okwu ahụ nwere; emesịa, arịọrọ m ya ka o nye anyị foto ya ka anyị wee bipụta ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ''L'Égyptienne''." == Ọrụ ebere == Sha'arawi tinyere aka n'ọrụ ebere n'oge ndụ ya niile. Na 1909, o hiwere otu ọrụ ebere mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt (Mabarrat Muhammad 'Ali) na-achịkwa, na-enye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka dara ogbenye. O kwuru na ọrụ enyemaka ọha na eze nke ụmụ nwanyị na-achịkwa dị mkpa maka ihe abụọ. Nke mbụ, site n'itinye aka na ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị ga-eme ka nghọta ha gbasaa, nweta ihe ọmụma bara uru ma lekwasị anya n'èzí. Nke abụọ, ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ ga-ama echiche na ụmụ nwanyị niile bụ ihe okike nke obi ụtọ na ihe ndị dị mkpa maka nchebe aka. Nye Sha'arawi, a ga-edozi nsogbu nke ndị ogbenye site na ọrụ ebere nke ndị ọgaranya, karịsịa site na onyinye na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ. N'ịbụ onye nwere echiche ịhụnanya banyere ndụ ụmụ nwanyị dara ogbenye, o lere ha anya dị ka ndị na-enweta ọrụ ọha na eze n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, ọ bụghị ka a gwa ha ihe gbasara ihe ndị kacha mkpa ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Ndị ọgaranya, n'aka nke ha, bụ "ndị nche na ndị na-echebe mba."  == Ụtụ Isi == A na-egosi Sha'arawi n'abụ "The Lioness" nke onye ọbụ abụ Bekee bụ Frank Turner dere n'abọm ya nke afọ 2019 ''bụ́ No Man's Land''. Na 23 Juun 2020, [[Google]] mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 141 site na iji Google Doodle. == Hụkwa ==   * Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na òtù ndị Arab * Ndepụta nke ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị * Usoro iheomume nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na mba ndị Alakụba * Usoro iheomume nke ikike iwu ụmụ nwanyị (ma e wezụga ịtụ vootu) * Usoro iheomume nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080111203929/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/481/chrncls.htm Ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt na-eme akara ha] <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Hoda Shaarawi}}{{Feminism}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaarawi, Huda}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cn3bf4ncxjbpuevlkih9ajckycj71r8