Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1691 728331 724125 2026-09-26T22:25:21Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Lee */ add 728331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nigeria''', nke ogologo aha ya bụ '''Federal Republic of Nigeria''', bụ mba dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ [[West Africa]]. Ndị bi na ya bụ mba gụnyere [[ndị Igbo]], [[ndi Hausa|Hausa]], na [[ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nakwa ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Obodo a na-akpọ [[Benin|Ripọblik du Benin]] nọ ni aka-ekpe Naijiria. [[Chad]] na [[Kameroon]] nọ kwa n'aka-nri ya. Na elu ya nọ obodo ana-akpọ [[Nije]]. Okpuru ya ruru ebe mmiri a na-akpobu [[Baight nke Biafra]] nke a gbanwere [[Gulf nke Guinea]] di. Ebe ahụ bukwa ebe mmiri ana-akpọ [[Baight nke Biafra]] di tupu a kpowa ya [[Baight nke Bonny]]. Ni [[1991]], ebugara isi obodo ya n' Abuja. Isi obodo ya dibu ni Lagos nke dị ni ndida anyanwu (Westan Naijiria). Abuja buzi isi obodo nọ n'etiti Naijiria.<ref name=CIAFB>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200831040543/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html CIA - The World Factbook-- Nigeria]. Retrieved 29 Juun 2006.''</ref> <!-- :The following is a direct translation of the text above: '''Nigeria''', officially named the '''Federal Republic of Nigeria''', is a [[country]] in [[West Africa]] and the most populous country in [[Africa]]. Nigeria shares land [[border]]s with the Republic of [[Benin]] in the west, [[Chad]] and [[Cameroon]] in the east, and [[Niger]] in the north. Its coast lies on the [[Gulf of Guinea]] in the south. Since 1991, its [[capital city|capital]] has been the centrally-located city of [[Abuja]]; previously, the [[Nigerian government]] was headquartered in the coastal city [[Lagos]].<ref name=CIAFB>''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html CIA - The World Factbook-- Nigeria]. Retrieved 29 Juun 2006.''</ref> --> Akụkọ mbido Naijiria hiri nne ma dikwa ogologo. Ihe egwuputara n'ala bụ ihe ne egosi ebe mmadu si, gosiri ne mmadu bidoro biwe nebe a site na-afo mgbe ochie bụ 9000 BC.<ref name=mcintoshandkeech>''McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in west African prehistory. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215-258 p.: ill.''</ref>, Ebe Mmiri a na-akpọ [[River Benue-Benue-Cross River]] bụ ebe echere na ndị a na akpọ ndị Bantu bi bu,[[Bantu/Bantu Migrants]]. Ndị a sitekwara ebea wee gbasaa rue n'Etiti Afrika [[central Africa]] nakwa ndida Afrika [[southern Africa]] n'igwe site na [[1 BC|1st millenium BC]] rue [[2|2nd millenium AD]]. <!-- :The following is a direct translation of the text above: The people of Nigeria have an extensive history, and archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BC.<ref name=mcintoshandkeech>''McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in west African prehistory. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215-258 p.: ill.''</ref> The [[Benue River|Benue-Cross River]] area is thought to be the original homeland of the [[Bantu|Bantu migrants]] who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the [[1st millennium BC]] and the [[2nd millennium AD]]. --> Nà [[Ọnwaàsatọ 1]] ni afọ ǹkè [[1960]], ndị bèkeè tọhapụ rụalobodoah'a nọchìrì rùouafọ ǹke zuru ọgụ àtọ [[United Kingdom]] wee bia na ala ebe ha bidoro kpowa Naijiria, nyeghachiri ndi Naijiria ala ha. Naijiria ugbua nweziri ngalaba ochichi okpuru obodo di 36, [[36 states]] nakwa Isi Obodo- bu Federal Capital Territory- Abuja. Naijiria nweghachikwara ochichi a na akpo Demokrasi [[Democracy]] n'afo [[1999]], mgbe ndi Soja [[Military]] chigoro afo iri na isii. Site n'afo 1966 rue 1999 ndi soja ala Naijiria bu ndi na achi Naijiri (ma oburu na ewepu ochichi Shehu Shagari, nke na eteghi aka, nke akporo[[second repiblic]] 1979-1983). Ndị Soja a na-eweghara ochichi n'ike. Ha chikwara site na [[coup d'etats/counter-coups]] site n'afo [[1966-1979 na 1983-1998]]. <!-- :The following is a shaky translation of the text above: On [[1 Ọktoba]], [[1960]], Nigeria gained its independence from the [[United Kingdom]], and now consists of 36 [[States of Nigeria|states]] and the federal capital territory. Nigeria re-achieved democracy in 1999 after a sixteen-year interruption; from 1966 until 1999, Nigeria had been ruled (except the short-lived [[Shehu Shagari|second republic]], 1979-1983) by military dictators who seized power in [[coup d'état|coups d'état]] and counter-coups during the [[Nigerian military juntas of 1966-1979 and 1983-1998]]. --> <!-- ==Akuko gbasara Naijiria== ===Cuisine=== Nigerian cuisine, like West African cuisine in general, is known for its richness and variety. Many different [[spice]]s, [[herb]]s and flavourings are used in conjunction with [[palm oil]] or [[groundnut]] oil to create deeply-flavoured sauces and soups often made very hot with [[chilli pepper]]s. Nigerian feasts are colourful and lavish, while aromatic market and roadside snacks cooked on barbecues or fried in oil are plentiful and varied.<ref>H.O. Anthonio & M. Isoun: "Nigerian Cookbook". Macmillan, Lagos, 1982.</ref> An incomplete list of examples of Nigerian dishes: * [[Amala]] is a thick smooth paste or porridge made from [[yam]] flour. * [[Groundnut Stew]] is perhaps the jewel in the crown of Nigerian cooking, with groundnuts, tomato and onion as the base, it can be infinitely varied with chicken, beef or fish and different leaf vegetables for subtle flavours. * [[Draw soup]] is made from [[okra]] or [[melon]] seeds cooked until they 'thicken.' * [[Eba]], also called [[garri]] is, like amala, a very thick paste, rolled into balls and made from [[cassava]] (manioc). * [[Egusi|Egusi soup]] is thickened with ground melon seeds and contains leaf vegetables, other vegetables, seasonings, and meat. * [[Aloco|Fried plantain or 'dodo']] is a side dish of [[plantain]]s or bananas fried in vegetable oil or palm oil. * [[Fufu]] is a thick and very smooth paste made from yams or [[cocoyam]], but any starchy staple can be used such as [[potato]], cassava, plantains, [[maize]]. * [[Iru]] is fermented [[locust bean]]s used as a condiment in cooking and is typically added to egusi soup and ogbono soup. * [[Jollof rice]] consists of rice, tomatoes and tomato paste, onion, salt, and red pepper and a variety of vegetables and meats, and can constitute a complete banquet on a plate. * [[Moimoi]] is a steamed bean pudding made from a mixture of washed and peeled [[black-eyed bean]]s, onions and fresh black pepper wrapped in a moimoi leaf (like a banana leaf). * [[Ogbono soup]] is made with ground ogbono seeds, with leaf vegetables, other vegetables, seasonings, and meat. * [[Suya]] is a meat kebab coated with [[groundnut]]s (peanuts) and chilli pepper. * [[Sobo (drink)|Sobo]] is a drink made of [[roselle (plant)|roselle]] juice. * [[Efo soup]] is a stew made from leafy vegetables and tastes nice when eaten with fish. It is common among the Yorubas. --> Naijiria (akpọrọ / naɪˈdʒɪrɪə /) bụ Fedral Ripọblik nke Naijiria. Naijiria dị ni West Afrika. Ọ dị n'akụkụ Benin na ọdịda anyanwụ, Niger n'ebe ugwu, Chad na Cameroon n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Atlantik Oshọn na ndịda. Abuja bụ isi obodo obodo a. Ọ bụ ezie na Naijiria nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ, a chọpụtala agbụrụ atọ kachasị ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ kewara ụzọ abụọ. Ndị a bụ HausaÈya, Igbo na Yoruba. Naijiria nwere ogologo oge, ihe mgbe ochie na-egosikwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ malitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala 9000 kJ. [6] A na-eche na mpaghara Benue-Cross River bụ ebe mbụ ndị Bantu bi na-agagharị na mpaghara etiti na ndịda Africa dị ka isi iyi n'etiti narị afọ iri mbụ BCE na puku afọ nke abụọ. Aha Naijiria bụ Osimiri Oya, nke a makwaara dịka Osimiri Niger, nke si na Naịjirịa gafere. Flora Shaw, nwunye ọdịnihu nke onye Britain nke baron Lugard, wepụtara aha ahụ na ngwụsị 19sa. Naijiria bụ mba kacha baa ụba na Uwa ndị oji, nke asatọ kachasị [7] na ụwa, na mba ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụwa. Ọ bụ otu n’ime obodo akpọrọ “Next Ịrị na otu” n’ihi ahia ha, ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime ụmụ amaala. Akụ na ụba Nigeria bụ otu n'ime ụwa na - eto ngwa ngwa na IMF nwere atụmatụ ịrị elu site na 9% maka 2008 na 8.3% maka 2009. [8] [9] [10] [11] Na mbido afọ 2000, imirikiti ndị Naịjirịa bi ihe na-erughi US $ 1.25 (PPP) US $ 12. Nigeria nwere nnukwu azụmaahịa n'Africa, ma sie ike na West Africa. ''Akụkọ Ochie'' Ndị Nok nọ na etiti Naịjirịa emeela ihe ọkpụ ụrọ nke ndị na-amụ banyere ihe mgbe ochie na-asọpụrụ. [13] Nok akpụrụ akpụ na Institute of Arts nke Minneapolis, na-akọwa onye ama ama nke bu “mkpanaka” n’aka nri ya na mkpanaka n’aka ekpe. Nke a bụ akara ngosi nke njikọ nke ndị Fero oge ochie na chi ndị Ijipt, Osiris, nke pụtara na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, okpukpe, na okpukpe nke Egypt oge ochie dị na mpaghara nke oge a Nigeria n'oge ndị Fero. Dị peeji nke 14] N'ebe ugwu, Kano na Katsina nwere akwukwo ederede edere malite na 999 kJ. Ala eze ndị Hausa na usoro ndị eze Kanem-Bornu gbasaa dịka ebe azụmahịa n’etiti North na West Africa. Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na itoolu n’okpuru Usman dan Fodio ndị Fulani ghọrọ ndị ọchịchị nke alaeze Fulani nke dịgidere ruo 1903 mgbe e kewara ha na ndị Europe. N'agbata afọ 1750 na 1900, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị Fulani nọ na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi agha. [15] Ememme ụlọikwuu Main isiokwu: Amusín Nigeria Obodo Benin na narị afọ nke 17 na Oba nke Benin na-aga. E sere foto a n’akwụkwọ European, Traduite du Flamand, n’afọ 1668. [18] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Portuguese bụ ndị Europe izizi azụmaahịa na Naịjirịa wee wepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Lagos site na aha Lagos na Algarve. A maara aha ahụ nke ọma dịka azụmahịa azụmahịa nke Europe. Ndị Europe na ụmụ amaala na-azụ ahịa n'akụkụ mmiri ahụ, wee malite ịzụ ahịa na ebe ahụ, na-emebi ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala Nigeria. Mgbe agha Napoleon gachara, ndi Britain choro igbasa ahia rue etiti Nigeria. N’afọ 1885, ndị Britain weghaara ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka ghọrọ ndị mba ụwa nabatara. N'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ụlọ ọrụ Royal Niger ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'aka Sir George Taubman Goldie. Na 1900, ndị Britain nwe ala ahụ. Na Jenụwarị 1901, Nigeria ghọrọ steeti jikọrọ aka. Nigeria ghọrọ akụkụ nke alaeze Britain dị ike n’oge ahụ. N’afọ 1914, mpaghara ahụ batara dịka Colony na Protectorate nke Naịjirịa. Maka ebumnuche nhazi, e kewara Nigeria na mpaghara ugwu, ndịda na Lagos. Akụnụba ụwa taa na-arị elu na ndịda karịa n'ebe ugwu, nke a na-apụtakwa ìhè na ụwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria taa. Emechara kagbuo ahia ohu na 1936. [19] Mgbe Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ gasịrị maka nzaghachi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Naijiria na-arịwanye elu na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe, iwu ọzọ nke Britain mere ka Nigeria bịaruo onye nnọchi anya na gọọmentị gụnyere. N'etiti narị afọ nke 20, mgba maka nnwere onwe gbasara Africa dum. Mgbe nnwere onwe N’abalị mbụ n’ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1960, Naịjirịa nweere onwe ya n’aka Nationstù Mba Nationswa. Obodo ọhụrụ a webatara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ chọrọ ka ala nna ha bụrụ nke kachasị ike. Ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke Naijiria bụ njikọta nke ndị otu mgbagha: Nigerian People's Congress, njikọta nke ndị ugwu na ndị Alakụba bụ ndị Ahmadu Bello na Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, onye praịm minista mbụ mgbe nnwere onwe, na onye ndu nke ndị Igbo na okpukpe. Kristi bụ onye isi oche nke National Council of Nigeria na Cameroons (NCNC) nke Nnamdi Azikiwe bụ onye isi, onye ghọrọ gọvanọ mbụ aha ọjọọ na 1960. Iguzogide bụ otu akpọrọ Action Group (AG), bụ ndị Yoruba duziri nke Obafemi Awolowo duziri. [20] Mkpebi e mere na 1961 maka South Cameroon isoro Cameroon mgbe Northern Cameroon nọgidere na Naịjirịa kpatara enweghị nhatanha n'ihi na mpaghara ugwu anyị kariri ndịda. Nigeria kewapụrụ na Britain na 1963 site na iguzobe onwe ya dị ka otu mba, ebe Azikiwe bụ onyeisi oche mbụ ya. Esemokwu dapụtara na Western Region ka emechara ntuli aka nke 1965 mgbe Nigerian National Democratic Party weghaara ọchịchị n’aka AG. Gọọmentị agha mbụ Adịghị nha nhata a na nrụrụ aka nke usoro ntuli aka na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dugara n'usoro ọchịchị ndị agha na 1966. Ihe a mere na Jenụwarị site n'aka ndị ntorobịa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna na Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Ọnwụ ọnwụ ahụ egbughị nke ọma - Mịnịsta Ala, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Mpaghara Ugwu nke Nigeria, Sir Ahmadu Bello, na Western Region nke Nigeria, Sir Ladoke Akintola. Otu ọ dị, ndị ahụ na-enupụ isi enweghị ike ịme gọọmentị n'ihi ihe isi ike, ya mere Nwafor Orizu, onye isi oche nke onye isi, manyere iguzobe gọọmentị maka ndị agha Nigeria n'okpuru nduzi nke Navy JTY Aguyi-Ironsi. Ọchịchị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lee kwa: Federal Government of Nigeria Iwu E nwere usoro iwu iwu anọ dị iche iche na Nigeria. Iwu Britaen, malitere na Britaen. Iwu zuru oke, mepụtara mgbe colonialism gasịrị. Iwu ọdịnala, nke sitere na omenaala na omume na Naịjirịa niile. Iwu Sharia Nigeria bụ ngalaba ikpe nke thelọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naijiria. Okere mmekọrịta Ọrụ agha Iwu nke ndị agha Federal Republic of Nigeria bụ ichebe Naịjirịa, ịkwalite nchekwa Naịjirịa na ịkwado usoro udo na West Africa. Ndị agha Naijiria gụnyere ndị agha, ndị agha mmiri, na ndị agha ikuku. Ndị agha Naijiria na-etinyekarị aka na ọrụ udo na Afrịka. Ndị agha Naịjirịa dịka onye so na ECOMOG keere oke ọrụ dị ka onye nchekwa udo na Liberia na 1990, Sierra Leone na 1995, Ivory Coast na Sudan. Ala Maapụ Naijiria Naijiria dị ni West Afrịka ni Gulf nke Guinea, yana ngụkọta ala nke 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mba 32nd kachasị n'ụwa karịa Tanzania. Borderkè-ala ya bu Benin dika ihe dịka 773 km, Nije nwere ihe dịka 1497 km, na Tsad banyere 87 km na Kameroon ihe dịka 1690 km; yana oke osimiri ya na 853 km. Ebe kachasị elu na Naijiria bụ Chappal Waddi na 2419 m (7936 ft). Osimiri ndi mmadu no na ya bu Osimiri Oya na Benue nke na-aga Lokoja site na ebe ha si abanye na Atlantik Oshọn site ni Naija Delta. N’otu aka ahụ, Naijiria bụ isi obodo maka agbụrụ dị iche iche. Nnukwu urukurubụba n'ụwa bụ Calabar ni Cross River Staet. Enwe anụ ụlọ na-ebi naanị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Nigeria na Kameroon. Naijiria dị iche iche. Ni Saut, ihu igwe na-abụkarị sentimita 60-80 (1,524 ruo 2,032 mm) kwa afọ. N'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ingslọ Obudu. Steeti E kewara Naịjirịa na steeti iri isii na isii na otu ’’ Fedral Capital Teritri ’; E kewakwara ndị a na okpuru ọchịchị ime obodo 774. Obodo isii dị na Naijiria nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ otu puku ma ọ bụ karịa: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Kaduna, Port Harcourt na Benin. Steeti nke Naịjirịa, e nwere ngụkọta nke steeti 36 na Nigeria na mgbe ahụ, Abuja, isi obodo mpaghara etiti. Steeti: Abuja Anambra Enugwu Akwa Ibom Adamawa Abia Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Osimiri Cross Delta Ebonyi Umeji Ekiti Gombe Ihe omuma Igede-Ekiti Ebonyi Kano Katsina Ebonyi Kogi Kwara Arochukwu Nasarawa Akwukwu Agha Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Osimiri Traụza Taraba Yobe Zamfara Federal Capital Territory: Abuja Okowo Naijiria bụ otu n'ime ahịa na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ihi oke akụ na ụba ya, ego, nkwukọrịta, iwu na njem na nke abụọ kachasị oke mgbanwe na Naijiria. Naijiria na 2007 bu 37th n’uwa n’uwa tinye na ntinye ego. Dika ngalaba Ịkọnọmik Intelligens Unit ni World Bank siri kwuo, akuko mkpuru ego ndi Naijiria n’otu n’uba abiala site na $ 170.7 kwa na 2005 rue $ 292.6 na 2007. Onu ogugu n’uzo n’aho otu onye si na $ 692 puta na 2006 ruru $ 1,754 kwa onye na 2007. [21] N’oge nrịba mmanụ nke afọ ndị 1970, Naịjirịa chịkọbara nnukwu ụgwọ iji kwado mgbake akụ na ụba, mana ka ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dara na 1980s, ọ na-esiri Naijiria ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ya, na-ebute nsogbu ụgwọ. mgbazinye ego. Ka ha na gọọmentị Naịjirịa kwurịtara okwu, n'ọnwa Ọktọba 2005 Naịjirịa na ndị Paris Club kwekọrịtara na Naịjirịa nwere ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ya na mbelata 60%. Naịjirịa jiri uru sitere na mmanụ ala kwụọ 40% fọdụrụnụ, na-ahapụ otu ijeri $ 1.15 kwa afọ iji nọrọ nso. Nigeria ghọrọ mba Africa mbụ kwụrụ ụgwọ ya ($ 30,000) na Paris Club na Eprel 2006. Akụ na ụba Nigeria bụ mba 8th nke kacha emepụta mmanụ, na nke iri kachasị nwee mmanụ. Nigeria bụ onye otu OPEC. Mmanụ ala na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na akụnụba Naijiria na-aza 40% nke Gross Domestic Product (GIO) na 80% nke mmefu gọọmentị. Naịjirịa bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ụwa niile, yana ụlọ ọrụ telecom dịka MTN, Etisalat, Zain na Globacom nwere ụlọ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu na kachasị na Nigeria. [22] Naịjirịa nwere ngalaba ego mepụtara nke ọma, ya na ngwakọta ụlọ akụ na nke mba ofesi, ụlọ ọrụ ala na ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ala, ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ nha na ụlọ akụ. Naịjirịa nwekwara ọtụtụ mineral ndị anaghị ekpocha ọkụ dịka gas, kol, bauxite, tantalite, ọla edo, poselin, iron ore, limestone, niobiomu, juice, and zinc [24]. Ọ bụ ezie na akụnụba ụlọ a hiri nne, ọ nweghị ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ̀ iji wepụta ha. Ọrụ ugbo bụ isi iyi nke mgbanwe mba ofesi maka Nigeria [25]. N’otu oge, Naịjirịa bụ mba kacha wee buru ọka, ahịhịa na mmanụ nkwụ na onye na-ebubata aki oyibo, oroma, ọka, ọka, sorghum, tubers na okpete. Ihe ruru pacenti iri isii n’ime ndị Naịjirịa na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, ma nwe ala dị ole na ole mana ọ nweghị. Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ akwa na akwa akwa na Kano, Abeokuta, Onitsha na Lagos. Companieslọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala dịka Peugeot si France na Bedford si Britain nke bụzị akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala America, General Motors, t-shirt dị egwu, plastik na nri mkpọ. Omuma mmadu Ọnụ ọgụgụ Nigeria bụ or Mba Afrika kacha nwee onu ogugu n'agbanyeghi na amaghi onu ogugu. Nationstù [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] kwuru na n’afọ 2009 ndị bi na ya bụ 154,729,000, nke 51.7% lụrụ di na nwunye ma 48.3% biri n'obodo mepere emepe na mmadụ nde 167.5 nọ na mpaghara kilomita abụọ. Naịjirịa bụ mba asatọ ji ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ kacha elu n’ụwa niile. Atụmatụ na 2006 kwuru na ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ 0-14 bụ 42.3%, na n'etiti afọ 15-65 bụ 54.6%. Onu ogugu omumu di elu karie onu ogugu ndi mmadu, na 40.4 na 16.9 na 1,000 mmadu obula. Nigeria nwere ihe dika agbụrụ 250 nwere asụsụ na ọdịbendị dịgasị iche. Ndi agbụrụ kacha ibu bụ Hausa / Fulani, Yoruba na Igbo nwere 68% nke ngụkọta ebe Edo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Ibibio, Ebira, Nupe na Tiv nwere 27% ebe ndị fọdụrụnụ bụ 7%. A maara na etiti Nigeria nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dịka Pyem, Goemai na Kofyar. More about this source textSource text required for additional translation information Send feedback Side panels History Saved Contribute ==Lee== * [[Ndepụta mba dị n'uwa]] == Edensibia == {{reflist}} == Link pụrụ ezi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041127020926/http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/ Nigerian Government website] {{Countries of Africa}} [[Òtù:Ala no n'ime Afrịka]] [[Òtù:Naigeria| 1]] 6laiv5on0w5aj9uhqgm0platt1c3yqk 728332 728331 2026-09-26T22:25:52Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Edensibia */ 728332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nigeria''', nke ogologo aha ya bụ '''Federal Republic of Nigeria''', bụ mba dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ [[West Africa]]. Ndị bi na ya bụ mba gụnyere [[ndị Igbo]], [[ndi Hausa|Hausa]], na [[ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nakwa ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Obodo a na-akpọ [[Benin|Ripọblik du Benin]] nọ ni aka-ekpe Naijiria. [[Chad]] na [[Kameroon]] nọ kwa n'aka-nri ya. Na elu ya nọ obodo ana-akpọ [[Nije]]. Okpuru ya ruru ebe mmiri a na-akpobu [[Baight nke Biafra]] nke a gbanwere [[Gulf nke Guinea]] di. Ebe ahụ bukwa ebe mmiri ana-akpọ [[Baight nke Biafra]] di tupu a kpowa ya [[Baight nke Bonny]]. Ni [[1991]], ebugara isi obodo ya n' Abuja. Isi obodo ya dibu ni Lagos nke dị ni ndida anyanwu (Westan Naijiria). Abuja buzi isi obodo nọ n'etiti Naijiria.<ref name=CIAFB>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200831040543/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html CIA - The World Factbook-- Nigeria]. Retrieved 29 Juun 2006.''</ref> <!-- :The following is a direct translation of the text above: '''Nigeria''', officially named the '''Federal Republic of Nigeria''', is a [[country]] in [[West Africa]] and the most populous country in [[Africa]]. Nigeria shares land [[border]]s with the Republic of [[Benin]] in the west, [[Chad]] and [[Cameroon]] in the east, and [[Niger]] in the north. Its coast lies on the [[Gulf of Guinea]] in the south. Since 1991, its [[capital city|capital]] has been the centrally-located city of [[Abuja]]; previously, the [[Nigerian government]] was headquartered in the coastal city [[Lagos]].<ref name=CIAFB>''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html CIA - The World Factbook-- Nigeria]. Retrieved 29 Juun 2006.''</ref> --> Akụkọ mbido Naijiria hiri nne ma dikwa ogologo. Ihe egwuputara n'ala bụ ihe ne egosi ebe mmadu si, gosiri ne mmadu bidoro biwe nebe a site na-afo mgbe ochie bụ 9000 BC.<ref name=mcintoshandkeech>''McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in west African prehistory. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215-258 p.: ill.''</ref>, Ebe Mmiri a na-akpọ [[River Benue-Benue-Cross River]] bụ ebe echere na ndị a na akpọ ndị Bantu bi bu,[[Bantu/Bantu Migrants]]. Ndị a sitekwara ebea wee gbasaa rue n'Etiti Afrika [[central Africa]] nakwa ndida Afrika [[southern Africa]] n'igwe site na [[1 BC|1st millenium BC]] rue [[2|2nd millenium AD]]. <!-- :The following is a direct translation of the text above: The people of Nigeria have an extensive history, and archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BC.<ref name=mcintoshandkeech>''McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in west African prehistory. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215-258 p.: ill.''</ref> The [[Benue River|Benue-Cross River]] area is thought to be the original homeland of the [[Bantu|Bantu migrants]] who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the [[1st millennium BC]] and the [[2nd millennium AD]]. --> Nà [[Ọnwaàsatọ 1]] ni afọ ǹkè [[1960]], ndị bèkeè tọhapụ rụalobodoah'a nọchìrì rùouafọ ǹke zuru ọgụ àtọ [[United Kingdom]] wee bia na ala ebe ha bidoro kpowa Naijiria, nyeghachiri ndi Naijiria ala ha. Naijiria ugbua nweziri ngalaba ochichi okpuru obodo di 36, [[36 states]] nakwa Isi Obodo- bu Federal Capital Territory- Abuja. Naijiria nweghachikwara ochichi a na akpo Demokrasi [[Democracy]] n'afo [[1999]], mgbe ndi Soja [[Military]] chigoro afo iri na isii. Site n'afo 1966 rue 1999 ndi soja ala Naijiria bu ndi na achi Naijiri (ma oburu na ewepu ochichi Shehu Shagari, nke na eteghi aka, nke akporo[[second repiblic]] 1979-1983). Ndị Soja a na-eweghara ochichi n'ike. Ha chikwara site na [[coup d'etats/counter-coups]] site n'afo [[1966-1979 na 1983-1998]]. <!-- :The following is a shaky translation of the text above: On [[1 Ọktoba]], [[1960]], Nigeria gained its independence from the [[United Kingdom]], and now consists of 36 [[States of Nigeria|states]] and the federal capital territory. Nigeria re-achieved democracy in 1999 after a sixteen-year interruption; from 1966 until 1999, Nigeria had been ruled (except the short-lived [[Shehu Shagari|second republic]], 1979-1983) by military dictators who seized power in [[coup d'état|coups d'état]] and counter-coups during the [[Nigerian military juntas of 1966-1979 and 1983-1998]]. --> <!-- ==Akuko gbasara Naijiria== ===Cuisine=== Nigerian cuisine, like West African cuisine in general, is known for its richness and variety. Many different [[spice]]s, [[herb]]s and flavourings are used in conjunction with [[palm oil]] or [[groundnut]] oil to create deeply-flavoured sauces and soups often made very hot with [[chilli pepper]]s. Nigerian feasts are colourful and lavish, while aromatic market and roadside snacks cooked on barbecues or fried in oil are plentiful and varied.<ref>H.O. Anthonio & M. Isoun: "Nigerian Cookbook". Macmillan, Lagos, 1982.</ref> An incomplete list of examples of Nigerian dishes: * [[Amala]] is a thick smooth paste or porridge made from [[yam]] flour. * [[Groundnut Stew]] is perhaps the jewel in the crown of Nigerian cooking, with groundnuts, tomato and onion as the base, it can be infinitely varied with chicken, beef or fish and different leaf vegetables for subtle flavours. * [[Draw soup]] is made from [[okra]] or [[melon]] seeds cooked until they 'thicken.' * [[Eba]], also called [[garri]] is, like amala, a very thick paste, rolled into balls and made from [[cassava]] (manioc). * [[Egusi|Egusi soup]] is thickened with ground melon seeds and contains leaf vegetables, other vegetables, seasonings, and meat. * [[Aloco|Fried plantain or 'dodo']] is a side dish of [[plantain]]s or bananas fried in vegetable oil or palm oil. * [[Fufu]] is a thick and very smooth paste made from yams or [[cocoyam]], but any starchy staple can be used such as [[potato]], cassava, plantains, [[maize]]. * [[Iru]] is fermented [[locust bean]]s used as a condiment in cooking and is typically added to egusi soup and ogbono soup. * [[Jollof rice]] consists of rice, tomatoes and tomato paste, onion, salt, and red pepper and a variety of vegetables and meats, and can constitute a complete banquet on a plate. * [[Moimoi]] is a steamed bean pudding made from a mixture of washed and peeled [[black-eyed bean]]s, onions and fresh black pepper wrapped in a moimoi leaf (like a banana leaf). * [[Ogbono soup]] is made with ground ogbono seeds, with leaf vegetables, other vegetables, seasonings, and meat. * [[Suya]] is a meat kebab coated with [[groundnut]]s (peanuts) and chilli pepper. * [[Sobo (drink)|Sobo]] is a drink made of [[roselle (plant)|roselle]] juice. * [[Efo soup]] is a stew made from leafy vegetables and tastes nice when eaten with fish. It is common among the Yorubas. --> Naijiria (akpọrọ / naɪˈdʒɪrɪə /) bụ Fedral Ripọblik nke Naijiria. Naijiria dị ni West Afrika. Ọ dị n'akụkụ Benin na ọdịda anyanwụ, Niger n'ebe ugwu, Chad na Cameroon n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Atlantik Oshọn na ndịda. Abuja bụ isi obodo obodo a. Ọ bụ ezie na Naijiria nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ, a chọpụtala agbụrụ atọ kachasị ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ kewara ụzọ abụọ. Ndị a bụ HausaÈya, Igbo na Yoruba. Naijiria nwere ogologo oge, ihe mgbe ochie na-egosikwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ malitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala 9000 kJ. [6] A na-eche na mpaghara Benue-Cross River bụ ebe mbụ ndị Bantu bi na-agagharị na mpaghara etiti na ndịda Africa dị ka isi iyi n'etiti narị afọ iri mbụ BCE na puku afọ nke abụọ. Aha Naijiria bụ Osimiri Oya, nke a makwaara dịka Osimiri Niger, nke si na Naịjirịa gafere. Flora Shaw, nwunye ọdịnihu nke onye Britain nke baron Lugard, wepụtara aha ahụ na ngwụsị 19sa. Naijiria bụ mba kacha baa ụba na Uwa ndị oji, nke asatọ kachasị [7] na ụwa, na mba ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụwa. Ọ bụ otu n’ime obodo akpọrọ “Next Ịrị na otu” n’ihi ahia ha, ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime ụmụ amaala. Akụ na ụba Nigeria bụ otu n'ime ụwa na - eto ngwa ngwa na IMF nwere atụmatụ ịrị elu site na 9% maka 2008 na 8.3% maka 2009. [8] [9] [10] [11] Na mbido afọ 2000, imirikiti ndị Naịjirịa bi ihe na-erughi US $ 1.25 (PPP) US $ 12. Nigeria nwere nnukwu azụmaahịa n'Africa, ma sie ike na West Africa. ''Akụkọ Ochie'' Ndị Nok nọ na etiti Naịjirịa emeela ihe ọkpụ ụrọ nke ndị na-amụ banyere ihe mgbe ochie na-asọpụrụ. [13] Nok akpụrụ akpụ na Institute of Arts nke Minneapolis, na-akọwa onye ama ama nke bu “mkpanaka” n’aka nri ya na mkpanaka n’aka ekpe. Nke a bụ akara ngosi nke njikọ nke ndị Fero oge ochie na chi ndị Ijipt, Osiris, nke pụtara na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, okpukpe, na okpukpe nke Egypt oge ochie dị na mpaghara nke oge a Nigeria n'oge ndị Fero. Dị peeji nke 14] N'ebe ugwu, Kano na Katsina nwere akwukwo ederede edere malite na 999 kJ. Ala eze ndị Hausa na usoro ndị eze Kanem-Bornu gbasaa dịka ebe azụmahịa n’etiti North na West Africa. Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na itoolu n’okpuru Usman dan Fodio ndị Fulani ghọrọ ndị ọchịchị nke alaeze Fulani nke dịgidere ruo 1903 mgbe e kewara ha na ndị Europe. N'agbata afọ 1750 na 1900, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị Fulani nọ na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi agha. [15] Ememme ụlọikwuu Main isiokwu: Amusín Nigeria Obodo Benin na narị afọ nke 17 na Oba nke Benin na-aga. E sere foto a n’akwụkwọ European, Traduite du Flamand, n’afọ 1668. [18] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Portuguese bụ ndị Europe izizi azụmaahịa na Naịjirịa wee wepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Lagos site na aha Lagos na Algarve. A maara aha ahụ nke ọma dịka azụmahịa azụmahịa nke Europe. Ndị Europe na ụmụ amaala na-azụ ahịa n'akụkụ mmiri ahụ, wee malite ịzụ ahịa na ebe ahụ, na-emebi ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala Nigeria. Mgbe agha Napoleon gachara, ndi Britain choro igbasa ahia rue etiti Nigeria. N’afọ 1885, ndị Britain weghaara ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka ghọrọ ndị mba ụwa nabatara. N'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ụlọ ọrụ Royal Niger ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'aka Sir George Taubman Goldie. Na 1900, ndị Britain nwe ala ahụ. Na Jenụwarị 1901, Nigeria ghọrọ steeti jikọrọ aka. Nigeria ghọrọ akụkụ nke alaeze Britain dị ike n’oge ahụ. N’afọ 1914, mpaghara ahụ batara dịka Colony na Protectorate nke Naịjirịa. Maka ebumnuche nhazi, e kewara Nigeria na mpaghara ugwu, ndịda na Lagos. Akụnụba ụwa taa na-arị elu na ndịda karịa n'ebe ugwu, nke a na-apụtakwa ìhè na ụwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria taa. Emechara kagbuo ahia ohu na 1936. [19] Mgbe Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ gasịrị maka nzaghachi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Naijiria na-arịwanye elu na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe, iwu ọzọ nke Britain mere ka Nigeria bịaruo onye nnọchi anya na gọọmentị gụnyere. N'etiti narị afọ nke 20, mgba maka nnwere onwe gbasara Africa dum. Mgbe nnwere onwe N’abalị mbụ n’ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1960, Naịjirịa nweere onwe ya n’aka Nationstù Mba Nationswa. Obodo ọhụrụ a webatara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ chọrọ ka ala nna ha bụrụ nke kachasị ike. Ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke Naijiria bụ njikọta nke ndị otu mgbagha: Nigerian People's Congress, njikọta nke ndị ugwu na ndị Alakụba bụ ndị Ahmadu Bello na Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, onye praịm minista mbụ mgbe nnwere onwe, na onye ndu nke ndị Igbo na okpukpe. Kristi bụ onye isi oche nke National Council of Nigeria na Cameroons (NCNC) nke Nnamdi Azikiwe bụ onye isi, onye ghọrọ gọvanọ mbụ aha ọjọọ na 1960. Iguzogide bụ otu akpọrọ Action Group (AG), bụ ndị Yoruba duziri nke Obafemi Awolowo duziri. [20] Mkpebi e mere na 1961 maka South Cameroon isoro Cameroon mgbe Northern Cameroon nọgidere na Naịjirịa kpatara enweghị nhatanha n'ihi na mpaghara ugwu anyị kariri ndịda. Nigeria kewapụrụ na Britain na 1963 site na iguzobe onwe ya dị ka otu mba, ebe Azikiwe bụ onyeisi oche mbụ ya. Esemokwu dapụtara na Western Region ka emechara ntuli aka nke 1965 mgbe Nigerian National Democratic Party weghaara ọchịchị n’aka AG. Gọọmentị agha mbụ Adịghị nha nhata a na nrụrụ aka nke usoro ntuli aka na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dugara n'usoro ọchịchị ndị agha na 1966. Ihe a mere na Jenụwarị site n'aka ndị ntorobịa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna na Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Ọnwụ ọnwụ ahụ egbughị nke ọma - Mịnịsta Ala, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Mpaghara Ugwu nke Nigeria, Sir Ahmadu Bello, na Western Region nke Nigeria, Sir Ladoke Akintola. Otu ọ dị, ndị ahụ na-enupụ isi enweghị ike ịme gọọmentị n'ihi ihe isi ike, ya mere Nwafor Orizu, onye isi oche nke onye isi, manyere iguzobe gọọmentị maka ndị agha Nigeria n'okpuru nduzi nke Navy JTY Aguyi-Ironsi. Ọchịchị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lee kwa: Federal Government of Nigeria Iwu E nwere usoro iwu iwu anọ dị iche iche na Nigeria. Iwu Britaen, malitere na Britaen. Iwu zuru oke, mepụtara mgbe colonialism gasịrị. Iwu ọdịnala, nke sitere na omenaala na omume na Naịjirịa niile. Iwu Sharia Nigeria bụ ngalaba ikpe nke thelọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naijiria. Okere mmekọrịta Ọrụ agha Iwu nke ndị agha Federal Republic of Nigeria bụ ichebe Naịjirịa, ịkwalite nchekwa Naịjirịa na ịkwado usoro udo na West Africa. Ndị agha Naijiria gụnyere ndị agha, ndị agha mmiri, na ndị agha ikuku. Ndị agha Naijiria na-etinyekarị aka na ọrụ udo na Afrịka. Ndị agha Naịjirịa dịka onye so na ECOMOG keere oke ọrụ dị ka onye nchekwa udo na Liberia na 1990, Sierra Leone na 1995, Ivory Coast na Sudan. Ala Maapụ Naijiria Naijiria dị ni West Afrịka ni Gulf nke Guinea, yana ngụkọta ala nke 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mba 32nd kachasị n'ụwa karịa Tanzania. Borderkè-ala ya bu Benin dika ihe dịka 773 km, Nije nwere ihe dịka 1497 km, na Tsad banyere 87 km na Kameroon ihe dịka 1690 km; yana oke osimiri ya na 853 km. Ebe kachasị elu na Naijiria bụ Chappal Waddi na 2419 m (7936 ft). Osimiri ndi mmadu no na ya bu Osimiri Oya na Benue nke na-aga Lokoja site na ebe ha si abanye na Atlantik Oshọn site ni Naija Delta. N’otu aka ahụ, Naijiria bụ isi obodo maka agbụrụ dị iche iche. Nnukwu urukurubụba n'ụwa bụ Calabar ni Cross River Staet. Enwe anụ ụlọ na-ebi naanị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Nigeria na Kameroon. Naijiria dị iche iche. Ni Saut, ihu igwe na-abụkarị sentimita 60-80 (1,524 ruo 2,032 mm) kwa afọ. N'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ingslọ Obudu. Steeti E kewara Naịjirịa na steeti iri isii na isii na otu ’’ Fedral Capital Teritri ’; E kewakwara ndị a na okpuru ọchịchị ime obodo 774. Obodo isii dị na Naijiria nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ otu puku ma ọ bụ karịa: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Kaduna, Port Harcourt na Benin. Steeti nke Naịjirịa, e nwere ngụkọta nke steeti 36 na Nigeria na mgbe ahụ, Abuja, isi obodo mpaghara etiti. Steeti: Abuja Anambra Enugwu Akwa Ibom Adamawa Abia Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Osimiri Cross Delta Ebonyi Umeji Ekiti Gombe Ihe omuma Igede-Ekiti Ebonyi Kano Katsina Ebonyi Kogi Kwara Arochukwu Nasarawa Akwukwu Agha Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Osimiri Traụza Taraba Yobe Zamfara Federal Capital Territory: Abuja Okowo Naijiria bụ otu n'ime ahịa na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ihi oke akụ na ụba ya, ego, nkwukọrịta, iwu na njem na nke abụọ kachasị oke mgbanwe na Naijiria. Naijiria na 2007 bu 37th n’uwa n’uwa tinye na ntinye ego. Dika ngalaba Ịkọnọmik Intelligens Unit ni World Bank siri kwuo, akuko mkpuru ego ndi Naijiria n’otu n’uba abiala site na $ 170.7 kwa na 2005 rue $ 292.6 na 2007. Onu ogugu n’uzo n’aho otu onye si na $ 692 puta na 2006 ruru $ 1,754 kwa onye na 2007. [21] N’oge nrịba mmanụ nke afọ ndị 1970, Naịjirịa chịkọbara nnukwu ụgwọ iji kwado mgbake akụ na ụba, mana ka ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dara na 1980s, ọ na-esiri Naijiria ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ya, na-ebute nsogbu ụgwọ. mgbazinye ego. Ka ha na gọọmentị Naịjirịa kwurịtara okwu, n'ọnwa Ọktọba 2005 Naịjirịa na ndị Paris Club kwekọrịtara na Naịjirịa nwere ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ya na mbelata 60%. Naịjirịa jiri uru sitere na mmanụ ala kwụọ 40% fọdụrụnụ, na-ahapụ otu ijeri $ 1.15 kwa afọ iji nọrọ nso. Nigeria ghọrọ mba Africa mbụ kwụrụ ụgwọ ya ($ 30,000) na Paris Club na Eprel 2006. Akụ na ụba Nigeria bụ mba 8th nke kacha emepụta mmanụ, na nke iri kachasị nwee mmanụ. Nigeria bụ onye otu OPEC. Mmanụ ala na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na akụnụba Naijiria na-aza 40% nke Gross Domestic Product (GIO) na 80% nke mmefu gọọmentị. Naịjirịa bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ụwa niile, yana ụlọ ọrụ telecom dịka MTN, Etisalat, Zain na Globacom nwere ụlọ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu na kachasị na Nigeria. [22] Naịjirịa nwere ngalaba ego mepụtara nke ọma, ya na ngwakọta ụlọ akụ na nke mba ofesi, ụlọ ọrụ ala na ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ala, ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ nha na ụlọ akụ. Naịjirịa nwekwara ọtụtụ mineral ndị anaghị ekpocha ọkụ dịka gas, kol, bauxite, tantalite, ọla edo, poselin, iron ore, limestone, niobiomu, juice, and zinc [24]. Ọ bụ ezie na akụnụba ụlọ a hiri nne, ọ nweghị ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ̀ iji wepụta ha. Ọrụ ugbo bụ isi iyi nke mgbanwe mba ofesi maka Nigeria [25]. N’otu oge, Naịjirịa bụ mba kacha wee buru ọka, ahịhịa na mmanụ nkwụ na onye na-ebubata aki oyibo, oroma, ọka, ọka, sorghum, tubers na okpete. Ihe ruru pacenti iri isii n’ime ndị Naịjirịa na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, ma nwe ala dị ole na ole mana ọ nweghị. Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ akwa na akwa akwa na Kano, Abeokuta, Onitsha na Lagos. Companieslọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala dịka Peugeot si France na Bedford si Britain nke bụzị akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala America, General Motors, t-shirt dị egwu, plastik na nri mkpọ. Omuma mmadu Ọnụ ọgụgụ Nigeria bụ or Mba Afrika kacha nwee onu ogugu n'agbanyeghi na amaghi onu ogugu. Nationstù [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] kwuru na n’afọ 2009 ndị bi na ya bụ 154,729,000, nke 51.7% lụrụ di na nwunye ma 48.3% biri n'obodo mepere emepe na mmadụ nde 167.5 nọ na mpaghara kilomita abụọ. Naịjirịa bụ mba asatọ ji ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ kacha elu n’ụwa niile. Atụmatụ na 2006 kwuru na ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ 0-14 bụ 42.3%, na n'etiti afọ 15-65 bụ 54.6%. Onu ogugu omumu di elu karie onu ogugu ndi mmadu, na 40.4 na 16.9 na 1,000 mmadu obula. Nigeria nwere ihe dika agbụrụ 250 nwere asụsụ na ọdịbendị dịgasị iche. Ndi agbụrụ kacha ibu bụ Hausa / Fulani, Yoruba na Igbo nwere 68% nke ngụkọta ebe Edo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Ibibio, Ebira, Nupe na Tiv nwere 27% ebe ndị fọdụrụnụ bụ 7%. A maara na etiti Nigeria nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dịka Pyem, Goemai na Kofyar. More about this source textSource text required for additional translation information Send feedback Side panels History Saved Contribute ==Lee== * [[Ndepụta mba dị n'uwa]] == Edensibia == {{Notelist}} {{reflist}} == Link pụrụ ezi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041127020926/http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/ Nigerian Government website] {{Countries of Africa}} [[Òtù:Ala no n'ime Afrịka]] [[Òtù:Naigeria| 1]] amkj2liqwe7em05j9dvl6je0apwt11v 728333 728332 2026-09-26T22:26:40Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Link pụrụ ezi */ ce 728333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nigeria''', nke ogologo aha ya bụ '''Federal Republic of Nigeria''', bụ mba dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ [[West Africa]]. Ndị bi na ya bụ mba gụnyere [[ndị Igbo]], [[ndi Hausa|Hausa]], na [[ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nakwa ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Obodo a na-akpọ [[Benin|Ripọblik du Benin]] nọ ni aka-ekpe Naijiria. [[Chad]] na [[Kameroon]] nọ kwa n'aka-nri ya. Na elu ya nọ obodo ana-akpọ [[Nije]]. Okpuru ya ruru ebe mmiri a na-akpobu [[Baight nke Biafra]] nke a gbanwere [[Gulf nke Guinea]] di. Ebe ahụ bukwa ebe mmiri ana-akpọ [[Baight nke Biafra]] di tupu a kpowa ya [[Baight nke Bonny]]. Ni [[1991]], ebugara isi obodo ya n' Abuja. Isi obodo ya dibu ni Lagos nke dị ni ndida anyanwu (Westan Naijiria). Abuja buzi isi obodo nọ n'etiti Naijiria.<ref name=CIAFB>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200831040543/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html CIA - The World Factbook-- Nigeria]. Retrieved 29 Juun 2006.''</ref> <!-- :The following is a direct translation of the text above: '''Nigeria''', officially named the '''Federal Republic of Nigeria''', is a [[country]] in [[West Africa]] and the most populous country in [[Africa]]. Nigeria shares land [[border]]s with the Republic of [[Benin]] in the west, [[Chad]] and [[Cameroon]] in the east, and [[Niger]] in the north. Its coast lies on the [[Gulf of Guinea]] in the south. Since 1991, its [[capital city|capital]] has been the centrally-located city of [[Abuja]]; previously, the [[Nigerian government]] was headquartered in the coastal city [[Lagos]].<ref name=CIAFB>''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html CIA - The World Factbook-- Nigeria]. Retrieved 29 Juun 2006.''</ref> --> Akụkọ mbido Naijiria hiri nne ma dikwa ogologo. Ihe egwuputara n'ala bụ ihe ne egosi ebe mmadu si, gosiri ne mmadu bidoro biwe nebe a site na-afo mgbe ochie bụ 9000 BC.<ref name=mcintoshandkeech>''McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in west African prehistory. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215-258 p.: ill.''</ref>, Ebe Mmiri a na-akpọ [[River Benue-Benue-Cross River]] bụ ebe echere na ndị a na akpọ ndị Bantu bi bu,[[Bantu/Bantu Migrants]]. Ndị a sitekwara ebea wee gbasaa rue n'Etiti Afrika [[central Africa]] nakwa ndida Afrika [[southern Africa]] n'igwe site na [[1 BC|1st millenium BC]] rue [[2|2nd millenium AD]]. <!-- :The following is a direct translation of the text above: The people of Nigeria have an extensive history, and archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BC.<ref name=mcintoshandkeech>''McIntosh, Susan Keech, Current directions in west African prehistory. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews Inc., 1981. 215-258 p.: ill.''</ref> The [[Benue River|Benue-Cross River]] area is thought to be the original homeland of the [[Bantu|Bantu migrants]] who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the [[1st millennium BC]] and the [[2nd millennium AD]]. --> Nà [[Ọnwaàsatọ 1]] ni afọ ǹkè [[1960]], ndị bèkeè tọhapụ rụalobodoah'a nọchìrì rùouafọ ǹke zuru ọgụ àtọ [[United Kingdom]] wee bia na ala ebe ha bidoro kpowa Naijiria, nyeghachiri ndi Naijiria ala ha. Naijiria ugbua nweziri ngalaba ochichi okpuru obodo di 36, [[36 states]] nakwa Isi Obodo- bu Federal Capital Territory- Abuja. Naijiria nweghachikwara ochichi a na akpo Demokrasi [[Democracy]] n'afo [[1999]], mgbe ndi Soja [[Military]] chigoro afo iri na isii. Site n'afo 1966 rue 1999 ndi soja ala Naijiria bu ndi na achi Naijiri (ma oburu na ewepu ochichi Shehu Shagari, nke na eteghi aka, nke akporo[[second repiblic]] 1979-1983). Ndị Soja a na-eweghara ochichi n'ike. Ha chikwara site na [[coup d'etats/counter-coups]] site n'afo [[1966-1979 na 1983-1998]]. <!-- :The following is a shaky translation of the text above: On [[1 Ọktoba]], [[1960]], Nigeria gained its independence from the [[United Kingdom]], and now consists of 36 [[States of Nigeria|states]] and the federal capital territory. Nigeria re-achieved democracy in 1999 after a sixteen-year interruption; from 1966 until 1999, Nigeria had been ruled (except the short-lived [[Shehu Shagari|second republic]], 1979-1983) by military dictators who seized power in [[coup d'état|coups d'état]] and counter-coups during the [[Nigerian military juntas of 1966-1979 and 1983-1998]]. --> <!-- ==Akuko gbasara Naijiria== ===Cuisine=== Nigerian cuisine, like West African cuisine in general, is known for its richness and variety. Many different [[spice]]s, [[herb]]s and flavourings are used in conjunction with [[palm oil]] or [[groundnut]] oil to create deeply-flavoured sauces and soups often made very hot with [[chilli pepper]]s. Nigerian feasts are colourful and lavish, while aromatic market and roadside snacks cooked on barbecues or fried in oil are plentiful and varied.<ref>H.O. Anthonio & M. Isoun: "Nigerian Cookbook". Macmillan, Lagos, 1982.</ref> An incomplete list of examples of Nigerian dishes: * [[Amala]] is a thick smooth paste or porridge made from [[yam]] flour. * [[Groundnut Stew]] is perhaps the jewel in the crown of Nigerian cooking, with groundnuts, tomato and onion as the base, it can be infinitely varied with chicken, beef or fish and different leaf vegetables for subtle flavours. * [[Draw soup]] is made from [[okra]] or [[melon]] seeds cooked until they 'thicken.' * [[Eba]], also called [[garri]] is, like amala, a very thick paste, rolled into balls and made from [[cassava]] (manioc). * [[Egusi|Egusi soup]] is thickened with ground melon seeds and contains leaf vegetables, other vegetables, seasonings, and meat. * [[Aloco|Fried plantain or 'dodo']] is a side dish of [[plantain]]s or bananas fried in vegetable oil or palm oil. * [[Fufu]] is a thick and very smooth paste made from yams or [[cocoyam]], but any starchy staple can be used such as [[potato]], cassava, plantains, [[maize]]. * [[Iru]] is fermented [[locust bean]]s used as a condiment in cooking and is typically added to egusi soup and ogbono soup. * [[Jollof rice]] consists of rice, tomatoes and tomato paste, onion, salt, and red pepper and a variety of vegetables and meats, and can constitute a complete banquet on a plate. * [[Moimoi]] is a steamed bean pudding made from a mixture of washed and peeled [[black-eyed bean]]s, onions and fresh black pepper wrapped in a moimoi leaf (like a banana leaf). * [[Ogbono soup]] is made with ground ogbono seeds, with leaf vegetables, other vegetables, seasonings, and meat. * [[Suya]] is a meat kebab coated with [[groundnut]]s (peanuts) and chilli pepper. * [[Sobo (drink)|Sobo]] is a drink made of [[roselle (plant)|roselle]] juice. * [[Efo soup]] is a stew made from leafy vegetables and tastes nice when eaten with fish. It is common among the Yorubas. --> Naijiria (akpọrọ / naɪˈdʒɪrɪə /) bụ Fedral Ripọblik nke Naijiria. Naijiria dị ni West Afrika. Ọ dị n'akụkụ Benin na ọdịda anyanwụ, Niger n'ebe ugwu, Chad na Cameroon n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Atlantik Oshọn na ndịda. Abuja bụ isi obodo obodo a. Ọ bụ ezie na Naijiria nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ, a chọpụtala agbụrụ atọ kachasị ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ kewara ụzọ abụọ. Ndị a bụ HausaÈya, Igbo na Yoruba. Naijiria nwere ogologo oge, ihe mgbe ochie na-egosikwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ malitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala 9000 kJ. [6] A na-eche na mpaghara Benue-Cross River bụ ebe mbụ ndị Bantu bi na-agagharị na mpaghara etiti na ndịda Africa dị ka isi iyi n'etiti narị afọ iri mbụ BCE na puku afọ nke abụọ. Aha Naijiria bụ Osimiri Oya, nke a makwaara dịka Osimiri Niger, nke si na Naịjirịa gafere. Flora Shaw, nwunye ọdịnihu nke onye Britain nke baron Lugard, wepụtara aha ahụ na ngwụsị 19sa. Naijiria bụ mba kacha baa ụba na Uwa ndị oji, nke asatọ kachasị [7] na ụwa, na mba ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụwa. Ọ bụ otu n’ime obodo akpọrọ “Next Ịrị na otu” n’ihi ahia ha, ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime ụmụ amaala. Akụ na ụba Nigeria bụ otu n'ime ụwa na - eto ngwa ngwa na IMF nwere atụmatụ ịrị elu site na 9% maka 2008 na 8.3% maka 2009. [8] [9] [10] [11] Na mbido afọ 2000, imirikiti ndị Naịjirịa bi ihe na-erughi US $ 1.25 (PPP) US $ 12. Nigeria nwere nnukwu azụmaahịa n'Africa, ma sie ike na West Africa. ''Akụkọ Ochie'' Ndị Nok nọ na etiti Naịjirịa emeela ihe ọkpụ ụrọ nke ndị na-amụ banyere ihe mgbe ochie na-asọpụrụ. [13] Nok akpụrụ akpụ na Institute of Arts nke Minneapolis, na-akọwa onye ama ama nke bu “mkpanaka” n’aka nri ya na mkpanaka n’aka ekpe. Nke a bụ akara ngosi nke njikọ nke ndị Fero oge ochie na chi ndị Ijipt, Osiris, nke pụtara na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, okpukpe, na okpukpe nke Egypt oge ochie dị na mpaghara nke oge a Nigeria n'oge ndị Fero. Dị peeji nke 14] N'ebe ugwu, Kano na Katsina nwere akwukwo ederede edere malite na 999 kJ. Ala eze ndị Hausa na usoro ndị eze Kanem-Bornu gbasaa dịka ebe azụmahịa n’etiti North na West Africa. Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na itoolu n’okpuru Usman dan Fodio ndị Fulani ghọrọ ndị ọchịchị nke alaeze Fulani nke dịgidere ruo 1903 mgbe e kewara ha na ndị Europe. N'agbata afọ 1750 na 1900, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị Fulani nọ na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi agha. [15] Ememme ụlọikwuu Main isiokwu: Amusín Nigeria Obodo Benin na narị afọ nke 17 na Oba nke Benin na-aga. E sere foto a n’akwụkwọ European, Traduite du Flamand, n’afọ 1668. [18] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Portuguese bụ ndị Europe izizi azụmaahịa na Naịjirịa wee wepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Lagos site na aha Lagos na Algarve. A maara aha ahụ nke ọma dịka azụmahịa azụmahịa nke Europe. Ndị Europe na ụmụ amaala na-azụ ahịa n'akụkụ mmiri ahụ, wee malite ịzụ ahịa na ebe ahụ, na-emebi ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala Nigeria. Mgbe agha Napoleon gachara, ndi Britain choro igbasa ahia rue etiti Nigeria. N’afọ 1885, ndị Britain weghaara ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka ghọrọ ndị mba ụwa nabatara. N'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ụlọ ọrụ Royal Niger ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'aka Sir George Taubman Goldie. Na 1900, ndị Britain nwe ala ahụ. Na Jenụwarị 1901, Nigeria ghọrọ steeti jikọrọ aka. Nigeria ghọrọ akụkụ nke alaeze Britain dị ike n’oge ahụ. N’afọ 1914, mpaghara ahụ batara dịka Colony na Protectorate nke Naịjirịa. Maka ebumnuche nhazi, e kewara Nigeria na mpaghara ugwu, ndịda na Lagos. Akụnụba ụwa taa na-arị elu na ndịda karịa n'ebe ugwu, nke a na-apụtakwa ìhè na ụwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria taa. Emechara kagbuo ahia ohu na 1936. [19] Mgbe Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ gasịrị maka nzaghachi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Naijiria na-arịwanye elu na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe, iwu ọzọ nke Britain mere ka Nigeria bịaruo onye nnọchi anya na gọọmentị gụnyere. N'etiti narị afọ nke 20, mgba maka nnwere onwe gbasara Africa dum. Mgbe nnwere onwe N’abalị mbụ n’ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1960, Naịjirịa nweere onwe ya n’aka Nationstù Mba Nationswa. Obodo ọhụrụ a webatara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ chọrọ ka ala nna ha bụrụ nke kachasị ike. Ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke Naijiria bụ njikọta nke ndị otu mgbagha: Nigerian People's Congress, njikọta nke ndị ugwu na ndị Alakụba bụ ndị Ahmadu Bello na Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, onye praịm minista mbụ mgbe nnwere onwe, na onye ndu nke ndị Igbo na okpukpe. Kristi bụ onye isi oche nke National Council of Nigeria na Cameroons (NCNC) nke Nnamdi Azikiwe bụ onye isi, onye ghọrọ gọvanọ mbụ aha ọjọọ na 1960. Iguzogide bụ otu akpọrọ Action Group (AG), bụ ndị Yoruba duziri nke Obafemi Awolowo duziri. [20] Mkpebi e mere na 1961 maka South Cameroon isoro Cameroon mgbe Northern Cameroon nọgidere na Naịjirịa kpatara enweghị nhatanha n'ihi na mpaghara ugwu anyị kariri ndịda. Nigeria kewapụrụ na Britain na 1963 site na iguzobe onwe ya dị ka otu mba, ebe Azikiwe bụ onyeisi oche mbụ ya. Esemokwu dapụtara na Western Region ka emechara ntuli aka nke 1965 mgbe Nigerian National Democratic Party weghaara ọchịchị n’aka AG. Gọọmentị agha mbụ Adịghị nha nhata a na nrụrụ aka nke usoro ntuli aka na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dugara n'usoro ọchịchị ndị agha na 1966. Ihe a mere na Jenụwarị site n'aka ndị ntorobịa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna na Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Ọnwụ ọnwụ ahụ egbughị nke ọma - Mịnịsta Ala, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Mpaghara Ugwu nke Nigeria, Sir Ahmadu Bello, na Western Region nke Nigeria, Sir Ladoke Akintola. Otu ọ dị, ndị ahụ na-enupụ isi enweghị ike ịme gọọmentị n'ihi ihe isi ike, ya mere Nwafor Orizu, onye isi oche nke onye isi, manyere iguzobe gọọmentị maka ndị agha Nigeria n'okpuru nduzi nke Navy JTY Aguyi-Ironsi. Ọchịchị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lee kwa: Federal Government of Nigeria Iwu E nwere usoro iwu iwu anọ dị iche iche na Nigeria. Iwu Britaen, malitere na Britaen. Iwu zuru oke, mepụtara mgbe colonialism gasịrị. Iwu ọdịnala, nke sitere na omenaala na omume na Naịjirịa niile. Iwu Sharia Nigeria bụ ngalaba ikpe nke thelọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naijiria. Okere mmekọrịta Ọrụ agha Iwu nke ndị agha Federal Republic of Nigeria bụ ichebe Naịjirịa, ịkwalite nchekwa Naịjirịa na ịkwado usoro udo na West Africa. Ndị agha Naijiria gụnyere ndị agha, ndị agha mmiri, na ndị agha ikuku. Ndị agha Naijiria na-etinyekarị aka na ọrụ udo na Afrịka. Ndị agha Naịjirịa dịka onye so na ECOMOG keere oke ọrụ dị ka onye nchekwa udo na Liberia na 1990, Sierra Leone na 1995, Ivory Coast na Sudan. Ala Maapụ Naijiria Naijiria dị ni West Afrịka ni Gulf nke Guinea, yana ngụkọta ala nke 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mba 32nd kachasị n'ụwa karịa Tanzania. Borderkè-ala ya bu Benin dika ihe dịka 773 km, Nije nwere ihe dịka 1497 km, na Tsad banyere 87 km na Kameroon ihe dịka 1690 km; yana oke osimiri ya na 853 km. Ebe kachasị elu na Naijiria bụ Chappal Waddi na 2419 m (7936 ft). Osimiri ndi mmadu no na ya bu Osimiri Oya na Benue nke na-aga Lokoja site na ebe ha si abanye na Atlantik Oshọn site ni Naija Delta. N’otu aka ahụ, Naijiria bụ isi obodo maka agbụrụ dị iche iche. Nnukwu urukurubụba n'ụwa bụ Calabar ni Cross River Staet. Enwe anụ ụlọ na-ebi naanị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Nigeria na Kameroon. Naijiria dị iche iche. Ni Saut, ihu igwe na-abụkarị sentimita 60-80 (1,524 ruo 2,032 mm) kwa afọ. N'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ingslọ Obudu. Steeti E kewara Naịjirịa na steeti iri isii na isii na otu ’’ Fedral Capital Teritri ’; E kewakwara ndị a na okpuru ọchịchị ime obodo 774. Obodo isii dị na Naijiria nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ otu puku ma ọ bụ karịa: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Kaduna, Port Harcourt na Benin. Steeti nke Naịjirịa, e nwere ngụkọta nke steeti 36 na Nigeria na mgbe ahụ, Abuja, isi obodo mpaghara etiti. Steeti: Abuja Anambra Enugwu Akwa Ibom Adamawa Abia Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Osimiri Cross Delta Ebonyi Umeji Ekiti Gombe Ihe omuma Igede-Ekiti Ebonyi Kano Katsina Ebonyi Kogi Kwara Arochukwu Nasarawa Akwukwu Agha Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Osimiri Traụza Taraba Yobe Zamfara Federal Capital Territory: Abuja Okowo Naijiria bụ otu n'ime ahịa na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ihi oke akụ na ụba ya, ego, nkwukọrịta, iwu na njem na nke abụọ kachasị oke mgbanwe na Naijiria. Naijiria na 2007 bu 37th n’uwa n’uwa tinye na ntinye ego. Dika ngalaba Ịkọnọmik Intelligens Unit ni World Bank siri kwuo, akuko mkpuru ego ndi Naijiria n’otu n’uba abiala site na $ 170.7 kwa na 2005 rue $ 292.6 na 2007. Onu ogugu n’uzo n’aho otu onye si na $ 692 puta na 2006 ruru $ 1,754 kwa onye na 2007. [21] N’oge nrịba mmanụ nke afọ ndị 1970, Naịjirịa chịkọbara nnukwu ụgwọ iji kwado mgbake akụ na ụba, mana ka ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dara na 1980s, ọ na-esiri Naijiria ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ya, na-ebute nsogbu ụgwọ. mgbazinye ego. Ka ha na gọọmentị Naịjirịa kwurịtara okwu, n'ọnwa Ọktọba 2005 Naịjirịa na ndị Paris Club kwekọrịtara na Naịjirịa nwere ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ya na mbelata 60%. Naịjirịa jiri uru sitere na mmanụ ala kwụọ 40% fọdụrụnụ, na-ahapụ otu ijeri $ 1.15 kwa afọ iji nọrọ nso. Nigeria ghọrọ mba Africa mbụ kwụrụ ụgwọ ya ($ 30,000) na Paris Club na Eprel 2006. Akụ na ụba Nigeria bụ mba 8th nke kacha emepụta mmanụ, na nke iri kachasị nwee mmanụ. Nigeria bụ onye otu OPEC. Mmanụ ala na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na akụnụba Naijiria na-aza 40% nke Gross Domestic Product (GIO) na 80% nke mmefu gọọmentị. Naịjirịa bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ụwa niile, yana ụlọ ọrụ telecom dịka MTN, Etisalat, Zain na Globacom nwere ụlọ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu na kachasị na Nigeria. [22] Naịjirịa nwere ngalaba ego mepụtara nke ọma, ya na ngwakọta ụlọ akụ na nke mba ofesi, ụlọ ọrụ ala na ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ala, ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ nha na ụlọ akụ. Naịjirịa nwekwara ọtụtụ mineral ndị anaghị ekpocha ọkụ dịka gas, kol, bauxite, tantalite, ọla edo, poselin, iron ore, limestone, niobiomu, juice, and zinc [24]. Ọ bụ ezie na akụnụba ụlọ a hiri nne, ọ nweghị ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ̀ iji wepụta ha. Ọrụ ugbo bụ isi iyi nke mgbanwe mba ofesi maka Nigeria [25]. N’otu oge, Naịjirịa bụ mba kacha wee buru ọka, ahịhịa na mmanụ nkwụ na onye na-ebubata aki oyibo, oroma, ọka, ọka, sorghum, tubers na okpete. Ihe ruru pacenti iri isii n’ime ndị Naịjirịa na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, ma nwe ala dị ole na ole mana ọ nweghị. Naịjirịa nwere ụlọ ọrụ akwa na akwa akwa na Kano, Abeokuta, Onitsha na Lagos. Companieslọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala dịka Peugeot si France na Bedford si Britain nke bụzị akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala America, General Motors, t-shirt dị egwu, plastik na nri mkpọ. Omuma mmadu Ọnụ ọgụgụ Nigeria bụ or Mba Afrika kacha nwee onu ogugu n'agbanyeghi na amaghi onu ogugu. Nationstù [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] kwuru na n’afọ 2009 ndị bi na ya bụ 154,729,000, nke 51.7% lụrụ di na nwunye ma 48.3% biri n'obodo mepere emepe na mmadụ nde 167.5 nọ na mpaghara kilomita abụọ. Naịjirịa bụ mba asatọ ji ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ kacha elu n’ụwa niile. Atụmatụ na 2006 kwuru na ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ 0-14 bụ 42.3%, na n'etiti afọ 15-65 bụ 54.6%. Onu ogugu omumu di elu karie onu ogugu ndi mmadu, na 40.4 na 16.9 na 1,000 mmadu obula. Nigeria nwere ihe dika agbụrụ 250 nwere asụsụ na ọdịbendị dịgasị iche. Ndi agbụrụ kacha ibu bụ Hausa / Fulani, Yoruba na Igbo nwere 68% nke ngụkọta ebe Edo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Ibibio, Ebira, Nupe na Tiv nwere 27% ebe ndị fọdụrụnụ bụ 7%. A maara na etiti Nigeria nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dịka Pyem, Goemai na Kofyar. More about this source textSource text required for additional translation information Send feedback Side panels History Saved Contribute ==Lee== * [[Ndepụta mba dị n'uwa]] == Edensibia == {{Notelist}} {{reflist}} == Link pụrụ ezi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041127020926/http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/ Nigerian Government website] {{Countries of Africa}} [[Òtù:Ala no n'ime Afrịka]] [[Òtù:Naijiria| 1]] t7djvpux2vawttah2uqbr2s0db4wox6 0 8335 728467 638554 2026-09-27T11:40:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728467 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebe â bụ̀ ǹgà ha n'àkpata okwu gbasara ọrụrụ àkà àzụ Wikipidia. ==Nkàta== User talk:Ukabia|okwú na ókà]] 21:56, 5 Önwa Ise 2018 (UTC) ==Join the conversation on the Universal Code of Conduct!== Greetings / E kene m unu! After about 3 years of rigorous discussions aimed at shaping the Wikimedia 2030 strategy, the Wikimedia community has come up with ten (10) solid [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Recommendations|recommendations]] that would guide our actions from now on in this movement. One very important recommendation in the line-up is to [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Recommendations/Provide for Safety and Inclusion|“Provide for Safety and Inclusion”]] and a major action point in this recommendation is to create a universal code of conduct, which would be designed and implemented in conjunction with our communities across the globe. The universal code of conduct would be a movement-wide policy which seeks to ensure the existence of a universal baseline of acceptable behaviour for everyone participating in our movement, in order to minimize incidents of harassment, bullying, discrimination or even disenfranchisement. This is even more important for much smaller Wikipedia languages like the Igbo Wikipedia, where policies like this do not already exist. A [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|first draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]] was concluded in October 2020. As a global movement, we aim to further develop and enforce this very important blueprint through an inclusive process, with respect to local contexts and existing structures. Hence, we would like to invite the Igbo Wikipedia community to discuss the different ways that you think that the Universal Code of Conduct should be implemented on this Wikipedia and across the global movement. You can share your initial thoughts directly under this message, or on the [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|UCoC meta talk page]]. You can also reach out to me personally on my talkpage or privately through my e-mail (soyeyele-ctr@wikimedia.org). For further general information on the universal code of conduct, please also check out our [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions page]].--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 12:10, 18 Ọnwam̀bụ 2021 (UTC) Hi Sam, daalụ maka ekele gị, ekeleekwa m gị 😊 The best way to reach our Community is usually through our WhatsApp group, Twitter and Facebook pages. For a virtual discussion, we simply send out the information and reminders prior to the day of the meeting. We're glad to work together to achieve great results. Let us know if you would require further assistance. [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|talk]]) 13:48, Abalị abụọ n'ọnwa abụọ n'afọ 2021 (UTC) ==Universal Code of Conduct: Thank You!== Greetings! A big thank you to every person who participated in the enforcement discussions for the Universal Code of Conduct policy. Please note that the summary of our discussions across various platforms is now available on meta, [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Enforcement/Hausa, Igbo and Twi communities|here]]. Please feel free to translate to your local language for a wider reach. Thank you again!--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 22:21, 14 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 2 == <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 2, July 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the second issue of [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] News! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. If you haven’t already, please remember to subscribe [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to be notified about future editions of the newsletter, and also leave your username [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|here]] if you’d like to be contacted to help with translations in the future. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review''' - Initial meetings of the drafting committee have helped to connect and align key topics on enforcement, while highlighting prior research around existing processes and gaps within our movement. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review|continue reading]]) *'''Targets of Harassment Research''' - To support the drafting committee, the Wikimedia Foundation has conducted a research project focused on experiences of harassment on Wikimedia projects. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Targets of Harassment Research|continue reading]]) *'''Functionaries’ Consultation''' - Since June, Functionaries from across the various wikis have been meeting to discuss what the future will look like in a global context with the UCoC. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Functionaries’ Consultation|continue reading]]) *'''Roundtable Discussions''' - The UCoC facilitation team once again, hosted another roundtable discussion, this time for Korean-speaking community members and participants of other ESEAP projects to discuss the enforcement of the UCoC. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Roundtable Discussions|continue reading]]) *'''Early Adoption of UCoC by Communities''' - Since its ratification by the Board in February 2021, situations whereby UCoC is being adopted and applied within the Wikimedia community has grown. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Early Adoption of UCoC by Communities|continue reading]]) *'''New Timeline for the Interim Trust & Safety Case Review Committee''' - The CRC was originally expected to conclude by July 1. However, with the UCoC now expected to be in development until December, the timeline for the CRC has also changed. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#New Timeline for the Interim Trust & Safety Case Review Committee|continue reading]]) *'''Wikimania''' - The UCoC team is planning to hold a moderated discussion featuring representatives across the movement during Wikimania 2021. It also plans to have a presence at the conference’s Community Village. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Wikimania Session|continue reading]]) *'''Diff blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about the UCoC on Wikimedia Diff blog. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/2#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])</div> --[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 16:11, 14 Ọnwaàsaà 2021 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021. These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input. Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities. There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August) :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 19:09, 18 Ọnwaàsatọ 2021 (UTC) ==2021 Board election voting opens!== Voting for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Voting|2021 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates from the community were asked to submit their candidacy. After a three week long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates#Candidate%20Table|19 candidates for the 2021 election]]. The Wikimedia movement has the opportunity to vote for the selection of community-and-affiliate trustees. By voting, you will help to identify those people who have the qualities to best serve the needs of the movement for the next several years. The Board is expected to select the four most voted candidates to serve as trustees. Voting closes 31 August 2021. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. The Board wants to improve their competences and diversity as a team. They have shared the [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates#Skills|areas of expertise]] that they are currently missing and hope to cover with new trustees. [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates#Candidate%20Table|Learn more about candidates]]. [[c:File:Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_of_Trustees.webm|Learn about the Board of Trustees]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Voting|Vote]]. Read the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/2021-08-18/2021 Voting Opens|full announcement]]. Best, The Elections Committee --[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 23:27, 18 Ọnwaàsatọ 2021 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 3 == <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 3, August 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the third issue of Universal Code of Conduct News! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. If you haven’t already, please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to be notified about future editions of the newsletter, and also leave your username [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|here]] if you’d like to be contacted to help with translations in the future. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''The Enforcement Draft Guidelines''' - The Enforcement Draft Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct has just been published on meta in different languages. These guidelines include some definitions of newly introduced terms and recommendations for local enforcement structures. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3#The Enforcement Draft Guidelines|continue reading]]) *'''Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review''' - Before the enforcement guidelines are finalized, they must be reviewed and discussed by the community. The facilitation team has set up various discussion means throughout this review period. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3#Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review|continue reading]]) *'''Conversation Hours & Roundtables''' - To listen to community opinions and exchange ideas regarding enforcement draft guidelines proposed by the drafting committee, the UCoC facilitation team will be hosting weekly conversation hours. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3#Conversation Hours & Roundtables|continue reading]]) *'''Wikimania Wrap-up''' - The facilitation team hosted a Roundtable at Wikimania 2021, featuring some WMF trustees and staff. The session offered some insights on how the Enforcement Draft Guidelines came about, and what next steps are being imagined. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3#Wikimania Wrap-up|continue reading]]) *'''Translation''' - Because a considerable number of Wikimedians are not English speakers, and that UCoC applies to all members, projects across the wikimedia movement, it’s of a great importance to provide adequate language support throughout this process. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3#Translation|continue reading]]) *'''Diff blogs''' - Check out some interesting publications about the UCoC on Wikimedia Diff blog. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3#Diff Blogs|continue reading]]) *'''WMF's 2021 Board of Trustees election''' - Please read the Candidate Presentations and vote! ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/3#Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees 2021 election|continue reading]])</div> --[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 16:50, 27 Ọnwaàsatọ 2021 (UTC) == Results for the most contended Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election == <section begin="announcement-content"/> [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|100px|center]] Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support: # Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight # Victoria Doronina # Dariusz Jemielniak # Lorenzo Losa While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|the full announcement here]].--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 22:50, 7 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC) == Movement Charter Drafting Committee - Community Elections to take place October 11 - 24 == <section begin="announcement-content"/>This is a short message with an update from the Movement Charter process. The call for candidates for the Drafting Committee closed September 14, and we got a diverse range of candidates. The committee will consist of 15 members, and those will be (s)elected via three different ways. The 15 member committee will be selected with a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Set Up Process|3-step process]]: * Election process for project communities to elect 7 members of the committee. * Selection process for affiliates to select 6 members of the committee. * Wikimedia Foundation process to appoint 2 members of the committee. The community elections will take place between October 11 and October 24. The other process will take place in parallel, so that all processes will be concluded by November 1. For the full context of the Movement Charter, its role, as well the process for its creation, please [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|have a look at Meta]]. You can also contact us at any time on Telegram or via email (wikimedia2030@wikimedia.org).<section end="announcement-content"/>--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 19:53, 23 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct Draft Enforcement Guidelines review still needs your ideas and opinions == Hello, this is just a reminder that the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|Universal Code of Conduct Draft Enforcement Guidelines]] are open for review and comment. The Drafting Committee will start working on revisions and improvement in '''less than two weeks (October 17)''', so it is important that you give them your ideas and opinions soon! There is now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review/Abstract|a short, simple version of the Draft Guidelines]] here to make your review easier. If possible, also help translate the short version into more languages! We will also hold [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|one last conversation hour]] on October 15, 2021 03:00 and 14:00 UTC. On behalf of the [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Drafting Committee]], much thanks to everyone who has given ideas so far. We hope to hear from more of you - the Guidelines will be much stronger if more opinions are included.--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:13, 6 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC) ==Movement Charter Drafting Committee (MCDC) Election Starts== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections. '''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.''' The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021. *[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates|Learn about each candidate]] to inform your vote in the language that you prefer *Learn about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Drafting Committee]] *We are piloting [https://web.archive.org/web/20211013142718/https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/ a voting advice application] for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! *[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections|Read the full announcement]] *'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections|Go vote at SecurePoll]]!''' --[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:27, 13 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 4 == <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 4, October 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/4|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the fourth issue of Universal Code of Conduct News! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. If you haven’t already, please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to be notified about future editions of the newsletter, and also leave your username [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|here]] if you’d like to be contacted to help with translations in the future. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review Wrap-up''' - The Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review will come to a close on 17 October 2021, after more than two months of extensive consultations. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/4#Enforcement Draft Guidelines Review Wrap-up|continue reading]]) *'''Roundtable Discussions and Conversation Hours''' - Another successful roundtable session happened on September 18, 2021 to discuss the EDGR. One last conversation hour will be happening on October 15th, 2021. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/4#Roundtable Discussions and Conversation Hours|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Charter Drafting Committee Elections''' - The Movement Charter Drafting Committee selection process has kicked off and will be open until October 25, 2021. Contributors to Wikimedia projects can elect their favorite candidates on to the committee. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/4#Movement Charter Drafting Committee Elections|continue reading]]) *'''New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As we round-up the consultation processes for the Universal Code of Conduct, the facilitation team is currently envisioning new directions for the newsletter. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/4#New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about the UCoC on Wikimedia Diff. ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/4#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])<section end="ucoc-newsletter"/></div>--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 21:48, 14 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC) ==Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans== Please be informed that the Movement Strategy Implementation grants is back and it now provides more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply [[:m:Grants:MSIG/About|here]] Also, the Movement Charter Drafting Committee election is still ongoing. It would be great to increase community participation. If you haven't voted, now is the time. Please [[:m:Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections|vote here]] before October 24. Thank you!--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:29, 20 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC) == Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members == :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps. If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group]. With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team.--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 17:53, 1 Ọnwa iri na otù 2021 (UTC) == Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections == <section begin="announcement-content /> :''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022. While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback: * What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board? * What involvement should candidates have during the election? While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions. '''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?''' Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.<section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 14:38, 29 Ọnwa iri na abụọ 2021 (UTC) == Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open == <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]] Best, Movement Strategy and Governance<section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 23:44, 12 Ọnwa mbụ 2022 (UTC) == Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 == <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 5, January 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics. This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 7th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]]) *'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]]) *'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])</div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/>--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:26, 18 Ọnwa mbụ 2022 (UTC) == Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]''' were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] across the movement. Comments about the guidelines can be shared here or [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|the Meta-wiki talk page]]. There will be conversations on Zoom on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the UCoC project team and drafting committee members to discuss the guidelines and voting process]].''' The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].''' Thank you to everyone who has participated so far. Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance<br/> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" />.--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 00:13, 4 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC) == Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated! == Hello everyone! The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work. The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. [[:m:Leadership Development Task Force|This Meta page]] shares the proposal for a Leadership Development Task Force and [[:m:Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|how you can help here]]. Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022. Thank you!--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 11:22, 10 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki. There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss: * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&A|community panel]] on 18 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants. * The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up for these conversation hours''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022. You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance <br /> Wikimedia Foundation <br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:22, 21 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now closed <section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections]] is now closed. This Call ran from 10 January and closed on 16 February 2022. The Call focused on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions#Questions|three key questions]] and received broad discussion [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions|on Meta-wiki]], during meetings with affiliates, and in various community conversations. The community and affiliates provided many proposals and discussion points. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Reports|reports]] are on Meta-wiki. This information will be shared with the Board of Trustees and Elections Committee so they can make informed decisions about the upcoming Board of Trustees election. The Board of Trustees will then follow with an announcement after they have discussed the information. Thank you to everyone who participated in the Call for Feedback to help improve Board election processes. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance<br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 11:23, 5 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC<section end="announcement-header" /> == :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022/Invitation|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022/Invitation|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022/Invitation}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' <section begin="announcement-content" />Hello! The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about "Regional and Thematic Hubs". The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9. The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''. Best regards, [[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]] 13:44, 10 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)<br />Movement Strategy <section end="announcement-content" /> == <section begin="announcement-header" />Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]]. You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 13:54, 10 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''. Thank you, From the Community Development team<br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:23, 18 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Greetings, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work. The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Best regards, Movement Strategy and Governance<br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 17:23, 28 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header />Results from the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification vote<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/UCoC Phase 2 Ratification Results Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/UCoC Phase 2 Ratification Results Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/UCoC Phase 2 Ratification Results Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, We would like to thank the over 2,300 Wikimedians who participated in the recently concluded community vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)]]. At this time, the volunteer scrutinizing group has completed the review of the accuracy of the vote and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|'''the final results are available on Meta-wiki''']]. A quick summary can be found below: * 58.6% Yes, 41.4% No * Contributors from 128 home wikis participated in the vote * Over thirty languages were supported in the ballot What this outcome means is that there is enough support for the Board to review the document. It does not mean that the Enforcement Guidelines are automatically complete. From here, the project team will collate and summarize the comments provided in the voting process, and publish them on Meta-wiki. The Enforcement Guidelines will be submitted to the Board of Trustees for their consideration. The Board will review input given during the vote, and examine whether there are aspects of the Guidelines that need further refinement. If so, these comments, and the input provided through Meta-wiki and other community conversations, will provide a good starting point for revising the Guidelines to meet the needs expressed by communities in the voter's responses. In the event the Board moves forward with ratification, the UCoC project team will begin supporting specific proposals in the Guidelines. Some of these proposals include working with community members to form the U4C Building Committee, starting consultations on training, and supporting conversations on improving our reporting systems. There is still a lot to be done, but we will be able to move into the next phase of this work. Many people took part in making sure the policy and the enforcement guidelines work for our communities. We will continue to collaboratively work on the details of the strong proposals outlined in the Guidelines as presented by the Wikimedians who engaged with the project in different ways over the last year. Once again, we thank everyone who participated in the ratification of the Enforcement Guidelines. For more information regarding the results, please refer to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|the Results page]]. Regards, [[User:SNg (WMF)]] Stella Ng on behalf of the UCoC Project Team Senior Manager, Trust and Safety Policy<br/><section end="announcement content" />--13:20, 8 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Akụkọ Atụmatụ mmeghari na ọchịchị – Mbipụta 6<section end="announcement-header"/> == <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Akụkọ Atụmatụ Mmeghari na Ochịchị'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Mbipụta 6, Eprel 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Gụọ akwụkwọ akụkọ a zuru ezu''']]</span> ---- Nnọọ na mbipụta nke isii nke akụkọ Movement Strategy na Governance! Akwụkwọ akụkọ a mezigharịrị na-ekesa akụkọ na mmemme dị mkpa gbasara Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, onyinye Movement Strategy Implementation, nhoputa ndi ochichi na isiokwu MSG ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. A ga-ekesa akwụkwọ akụkọ a kwa nkeji, ebe a ga-ebugakwa mmelite na-emekarị kwa izu. Biko cheta ịdenye aha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|ebe a]] ma ọ bụrụ na ị ga-achọ ịnweta mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ a n'ọdịnihu. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Nzulite ndị isi -''' Otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-amalite! - Ngwa iji ịsonye n'otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ Leadership Development mechiri na Eprel 10th, 2022, yana ihe ruru ndị otu obodo iri na abụọ ka a ga-ahọpụta ka ha sonye na otu ọrụ. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|gaa n'ihu na-agụ]]) * ''' Nsonaazụ Universal Code of Conduct Ratification! -''' Usoro mkpebi zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmebe iwu nke UCoC site na SecurePoll sitere na 7 ruo 21 Maachị. Ihe karịrị ndị ịtụ votu 2,300 sitere na opekata mpe ọrụ ụlọ 128 dị iche iche nyefere echiche na nkọwa ha. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|gaa n'ihu na-agụ]]) * '''Mkparịta ụka Mmeghari na Hubu -''' mmemme mkparịta ụka zuru ụwa ọnụ na mpaghara na Hubu mere na Satọde, Maachị 12, ndị Wikimedia 84 dị iche iche sitere n'ofe ịje a bịara. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|gaa n'ihu na-agụ]]) * '''Onyinye atụmatụ Mmeghari ka meghere emeghe! -''' Kemgbe mmalite nke afọ, akwadoro atụmatụ isii nwere ọnụ ahịa mkpokọta ihe dịka $80,000 USD. Ị nwere echiche ọrụ atụmatụ ngagharị? Kpọtụrụ anyị! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|Ga n'ihu na-agụ]]) * '''Edobela Kọmitii na-edepụta Akwụkwọ ikike nke Mmeghari! - ''' Kọmitii nke ndị otu iri na ise nke ahọpụtara na Ọktoba 2021, ekwenyela na ụkpụrụ na ụzọ dị mkpa maka ọrụ ya, wee malite imepụta ndepụta nke usoro ihe omume Movement Charter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|gaa n'ihu na-agụ]]) * '''Ewebata atụmatụ Mmeghari kwa izu -''' Nye aka na ịdenye aha! - Ndị otu MSG ewepụtala mmelite, nke ejikọtara na ibe Movement Strategy dị iche iche na Meta-wiki. Debanye aha ka ị nweta akụkọ kachasị ọhụrụ gbasara ọrụ dị iche iche na-aga n'ihu. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|gaa n'ihu na-agụ]]) * '''Blọọgụ Diff -''' Lelee akwụkwọ ọhụrụ kachasị ọhụrụ gbasara Movement Strategy na Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|gaa n'ihu na-agụ]]) </div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/>--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 22:39, 14 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Join the Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan conversations with Maryana Iskander<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Communications|Movement Communications]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] teams invite you to discuss the '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]]''', a plan of record for the Wikimedia Foundation's work. These conversations continue [[m:User:MIskander-WMF|Maryana Iskander]]'s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Chief Executive Officer/Maryana’s Listening Tour|Wikimedia Foundation Chief Executive Officer listening tour]]. The conversations are about these questions: * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia 2030|2030 Wikimedia Movement Strategy]] sets a direction toward "knowledge as a service" and "knowledge equity". The Wikimedia Foundation wants to plan according to these two goals. How do you think the Wikimedia Foundation should apply them to our work? * The Wikimedia Foundation continues to explore better ways of working at a regional level. We have increased our regional focus in areas like grants, new features, and community conversations. What is working well? How can we improve? * Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy process. Let's collect your activities, ideas, requests, and lessons learned. How can the Wikimedia Foundation better support the volunteers and affiliates working in Movement Strategy activities? You can find [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft/Your Input|'''the schedule of calls on Meta-wiki''']]. The information will be available in multiple languages. Each call will be open to anyone to attend. Live interpretation will be available in some calls. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 23:17, 14 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Usoro na-esote:Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) na Ntuziaka Mmebe iwu UCoC<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Ọ masịrị Kọmiti na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara obodo (Community Affairs Committee) nke Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees ikele onye ọ bụla sonyere na ntuli aka obodo mechiri nso nso a na Ntuziaka Mmebe iwu maka Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC). Otu ọrụ afọ ofufo na-enyochaputa emechaala nyocha nke izi ezi ntuli aka ahụ wee kọwapụta ọnụọgụ votu enwetara dị ka 2,283. N'ime votu 2,283 enwetara, ngụkọta nke 1,338 (58.6%) ndị otu obodo tozuru oke maka ntụzịaka mmebe iwu, na ngụkọta nke 945 (41.4%) ndị otu obodo akwadoghị ya. Na mgbakwunye, ndị sonyere 658 hapụrụ nkwupụta na 77% nke ihe edere na Bekee. Anyị na-amata ma nwee ekele maka mmasị na ntinye aka nke ndị otu obodo gosipụtara n'ịmepụta omenala dị nchebe na nke na-anabata nke na-akwụsị omume ọjọọ, na-akwado ndị mmadụ na-akpa àgwà dị otú ahụ, ma na-agba ndị nwere echiche ọma ume ka ha na-arụpụta ihe na ọrụ Wikimedia. Ọbụna n'oge a na-ezughị ezu, nke a pụtara ìhè na nkwupụta a natara. Ọ bụ ezie na Enforcement Guidelines ruru nkwado zuru ezu dị mkpa maka Bọọdụ iji nyochaa, anyị gbara ndị ntuli aka ume, n'agbanyeghị ụzọ ha si eme ntuli aka, inye nzaghachi na ihe ndị dị na ntuziaka mmebe iwu nke ha chere na ọ dị mkpa ka a gbanwee ma ọ bụ dozie ya, yana ihe kpatara ya, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ka ọ dị mma ịmalite usoro ndezi ọzọ nke ga-eleba anya maka nsogbu obodo. Ndị ọrụ Foundation bụ ndị na-enyocha nkọwa dụrụ anyị maka ụfọdụ isiokwu na-apụta, n'ihi ya, anyị ekpebiela dị ka kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara obodo nke bụ Community Affairs Committee ịjụ Foundation ka ọ kpọghachite kọmitii na-edepụta akwụkwọ na ka ha malite ọrụ obodo ọzọ iji mee ka ntụziaka mmebe iwu dabere na nzaghachi obodo enwetara site na ntuli aka emechiri nso nso a. Maka idoanya, achịkọtala nzaghachi a na ngalaba anọ ndị a: # Iji mata ụdị, ebumnuche, na ntinye nke ọzụzụ ahụ; # Iji mee ka asụsụ dị mfe maka ntụgharị asụsụ na nghọta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị ọkachamara; # Iji nyochaa echiche nke nkwenye, gụnyere uru na ọghọm ya; # Ka elele ọrụ ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha nke nchekwa nzuzo/nchekwa onye ihe metụtara na ikike ikwuputa okwu ma ịge ntị Okwu ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịpụta n'oge mkparịta ụka, na karịsịa ka akwụkwọ Enforcement Guidelines na-amalite, anyị na-ahụ ndị a dị ka akụkụ bụ isi nke nchegbu maka ndị ntuli aka ma na-arịọ ndị ọrụ ka ha kwado nyocha nke okwu ndị a. Mgbe itinyekwu aka n'ihu gasịrị, Foundation kwesịrị ịmegharị votu obodo iji nyochaa Enforcement Outline ohuru iji hụ ma akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ahụ adịla njikere maka nkwenye gọọmentị. Ọzọkwa, anyị maara nchegbu ndị ahụ na ndetu 3.1 dị na Universal Code of Conduct Policy. Anyị na-eduzi Foundation ka ọ kwado nyocha nke asụsụ a iji hụ na Amụma ahụ mezuru ebumnuche ya iji kwado obodo dị mma na nke sonyere nụ, na-echeghị maka nyocha atụmatụ nke Amụma dum na njedebe afọ. Ọzọ, anyị na-ekele ndị niile sonyere, na-eche echiche banyere ihe ịma aka ndị a dị oke egwu na ndị siri ike ma na-enye aka na ụzọ ka mma n'ofe ije a iji ịrụkọta ọrụ nke ọma. Kachasị mma, Rosie Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight (she/her)<br /> Onye nnochitere Onyeisi , Community Affairs Committee <br /> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees<br /><section end="announcement-content" />---[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:02, 26 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']] The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees. The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees. The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team. Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]]. Thank you for your support, Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees<br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:02, 26 Ọnwa anọ 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />2022 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Election - Call for Election Volunteers<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> The Movement Strategy and Governance team is looking for community members to serve as election volunteers in the upcoming Board of Trustees election. The idea of the Election Volunteer Program came up during the 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election. This program turned out to be successful. With the help of Election Volunteers we were able to increase outreach and participation in the election by 1,753 voters over 2017. Overall turnout was 10.13%, 1.1 percentage points more, and 214 wikis were represented in the election. There were a total of 74 wikis that did not participate in 2017 that produced voters in the 2021 election. Can you help increase the participation even more? Election volunteers will help in the following areas: * Translate short messages and announce the ongoing election process in community channels * Optional: Monitor community channels for community comments and questions Volunteers should: * Maintain the friendly space policy during conversations and events * Present the guidelines and voting information to the community in a neutral manner Do you want to be an election volunteer and ensure your community is represented in the vote? Sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|here]] to receive updates. You can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|talk page]] for questions about translation.<br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 23:54, 5 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" />Report on Voter Feedback from Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines Ratification <section end="announcement-header" />== <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) project team has completed the analysis of the feedback accompanying the ratification vote on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. Following the completion of the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines Draft in 2022, the guidelines were voted on by the Wikimedian community. Voters cast votes from 137 communities, with the top 9 communities being: English, German, French, Russian, Polish, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Italian Wikipedias, and Meta-wiki. Those voting had the opportunity to provide comments on the contents of the Draft document. 658 participants left comments. 77% of the comments are written in English. Voters wrote comments in 24 languages with the largest numbers in English (508), German (34), Japanese (28), French (25), and Russian (12). A report will be sent to the Revision Drafting Committee who will refine the enforcement guidelines based on the community feedback received from the recently concluded vote. A public version of the report is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report|'''published on Meta-wiki here''']]. The report is available in translated versions on Meta-wiki. {{int:please-translate}} Again, we thank all who participated in the vote and discussions. We invite everyone to contribute during the next community discussions. More information about the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|on Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the Universal Code of Conduct project team<br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 15:58, 23 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC) == <section begin="announcement-header" /> 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates closed<section end="announcement-header" /> == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/2022 Candidates for the Board of Trustees|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/2022 Candidates for the Board of Trustees|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/2022 Candidates for the Board of Trustees}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] Call for Candidates has now closed. This Call led 12 candidates from the community to submit their applications. Learn more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|2022 Board of Trustees candidates]]. The Analysis Committee will now consider the candidates’ applications with the skills and criteria provided by the Board. The trustees seek certain skills and competencies to improve the capacity of the Board. After the Analysis Committee completes their review, the ratings of each candidate will be published. These ratings are for informational purposes only. For more information about the 2022 Board election, you may find the timeline, voting information and other ways to get involved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|on Meta-wiki]]. Thank you for your support, Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees <br /><section end="announcement-content" />--[[Ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SOyeyele (WMF)|kwuo]]) 13:59, 3 Ọnwa isii 2022 (UTC) == Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass == :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi all, Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]] An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views. Here is the timeline for the Election Compass: July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee'' [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:08, 11 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) == Movement Strategy and Governance News - Issue 7 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation. The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1</tvar>|continue reading]]) * '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]]) * '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]]) * '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]]) * '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]]) * '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]]) * '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]]) * '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]]) * '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]]) * '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 10:59, 19 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) == Announcing the six candidates for the Board of Trustees election == :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi everyone, The Affiliate Representatives have completed their voting period. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are: * Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]]) * Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]]) * Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]]) * Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]]) * Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]]) * Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]]) You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election. The Affiliate organizations selected representatives to vote on behalf of the Affiliate organization. The Affiliate Representatives proposed questions for the candidates to answer in mid-June. These answers from candidates and the information provided from the Analysis Committee provided support for the representatives as they made their decision. Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation. Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia. What can voters do now? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Review the results of the Affiliate selection process]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|Read more here about the next steps in the 2022 Board of Trustee election]]. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''</translate><br /><section end="announcement-content" /> [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 19:50, 20 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) == Vote for Election Compass Statements == :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi all, Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki. An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views. Here is the timeline for the Election Compass: *<s>July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass</s> *<s>July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements</s> *July 23 - August 3: Volunteers vote on the statements *August 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements *August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements *August 16: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee'' [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 17:49, 26 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) == Delay of the 2022 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election == Hi all, I am reaching out to you today with an update about the timing of the voting for the Board of Trustees election. As many of you are already aware, this year we are offering an [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]] to help voters identify the alignment of candidates on some key topics. Several candidates requested an extension of the character limitation on their responses expanding on their positions, and the Elections Committee felt their reasoning was consistent with the goals of a fair and equitable election process. To ensure that the longer statements can be translated in time for the election, the Elections Committee and Board Selection Task Force decided to delay the opening of the Board of Trustees election by one week - a time proposed as ideal by staff working to support the election. Although it is not expected that everyone will want to use the Election Compass to inform their voting decision, the Elections Committee felt it was more appropriate to open the voting period with essential translations for community members across languages to use if they wish to make this important decision. The voting will open on August 23 at 00:00 UTC and close on September 6 at 23:59 UTC. Best regards, On behalf of the Elections Committee [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 11:49, 16 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC) == Invitation to join Movement Strategy Forum == Hello everyone, The [https://web.archive.org/web/20220819093546/https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/a-walk-through-the-movement-strategy-forum/1431 Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. It provides a great opportunity to share your Movement Strategy(MS) work, find collaborators, and get even more support and ideas for your MS projects. We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration using an inclusive multilingual platform. The [[metawiki:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project. Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, say hi [https://web.archive.org/web/20220924084613/https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/say-hello/79 here] and go ahead and join or start a conversation on the recommendation you are most passionate about! Feel free to discuss your MS project ideas and plans or even reports from MS projects you have worked on. To get started, you can also watch [https://web.archive.org/web/20220819093546/https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/a-walk-through-the-movement-strategy-forum/1431 this video]. The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for this MS Forum in May. After a 2-month review period, we have just published the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. It includes a summary of the discussions, metrics, and information about the next steps. We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! Best regards, [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 10:03, 19 Ọgọọst 2022 (UTC) == The 2022 Board of Trustees Election Community Voting period is now open == :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi everyone, The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote: * Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics. * [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Campaign Videos|Watch the candidate videos]] or read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]] If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee'' [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 21:15, 23 Ọgọọst 2022 (UTC) == Oge ntụli aka 2022 nke ndị bọọdụ ógbè nlekọta abịabala n'isi njedebe == Ndewo, Oge ntuli aka ógbè na 2022 bọọdụ ndị nlekọta bidoro na ọọgụst 23, 2022,ọ ga-emechị na Sepụtemba 6, 2022 23:59 UTC. A ka nwere ohere ịsonye na ntụli aka à. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị tinyebeghị aka, biko gaa leta na [[metawiki:Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] ka ị tinye aka ụgbụ a. Íji hụ ma ị tozuru ntụli aka à, biko gaa leta nke a na [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ enyemaka na Ime mkpebi, ebe a enwere ọtụtụ njikọ nke ebe nyere aka: * Nwaa nke a [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], na egosi otú ndị ndoro-ndoro ọchịchị sịrị guzo na ịsiokwu 15 dị iche iche. * Gua nke a [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Candidates|nkwupụta nke ndị ndoro-ndoro]] na [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|azịza nke ajụjụ ndị mmekọ]]. * [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Apply_to_be_a_Candidate|Mụta ihe ndị ọzọ banyere nkà ndị bọọdụ chọrọ]] na òtù nke a [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Candidates|Nyocha Kọmiti chọpụtara kwekọrọ na nkà ndị ndoro-ndoro ọchịchị]] * [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Campaign_Videos|kirịe ihe onyonyo ebe ndị ndoro-ndoro ọchịchị na-aza ajụjụ sị na atụmatụ ndị ogbe]]. Kachasị mma, Atụmatụ Mmegharị na Ọchịchị [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 17:25, 30 Ọgọọst 2022 (UTC) == Revised Enforcement Draft Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct == Hello everyone, The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Revisions committee]] is requesting comments regarding the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|'''Revised Enforcement Draft Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']]. This review period will be open from '''8 September 2022 until 8 October 2022.''' The Committee collaborated to revise these draft guidelines based on input gathered from the community discussion period from May through July, as well as the community vote that concluded in March 2022. The revisions are focused on the following four areas: # To identify the type, purpose, and applicability of the UCoC training; # To simplify the language for more accessible translation and comprehension by non-experts; # To explore the concept of affirmation, including its pros and cons; # To review the balancing of the privacy of the accuser and the accused The Committee requests comments and suggestions about these revisions by '''8 October 2022'''. From there, the Revisions Committee anticipates further revising the guidelines based on community input. '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Find the Revised Guidelines on Meta]], and a [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Comparison|comparison page in some languages.]]''' Everyone may share comments in a number of places. Facilitators welcome comments in any language on the Revisions Guideline Talk Page. Comments can also be shared on talk pages of translations, at local discussions, or during conversation hours. There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines; please see Meta times and details: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Conversation_hours|'''Conversation hours''']] The facilitation team supporting this review period hopes to reach a large number of communities. If you do not see a conversation happening in your community, please organize a discussion. Facilitators can assist you in setting up the conversations. Discussions will be summarized and presented to the drafting committee every two weeks. The summaries will be published [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Digests|here]]. [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 13:22, 9 Septemba 2022 (UTC) == Ị́ma ọkwa nke mbido nsonaazụ nke 2022 bọọdụ ndị nlekọta nhopụta ógbè n'oge ntụli aka == : ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing_the_preliminary_results_of_the_2022_Board_of_Trustees_election_Community_Voting_period|Ị́ nwere ike ịchọta ozi a a tụgharịrị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Meta-wiki.]]'' : [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing_the_preliminary_results_of_the_2022_Board_of_Trustees_election_Community_Voting_period|More languages]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+elections%2F2022%2FAnnouncement%2FAnnouncing+the+preliminary+results+of+the+2022+Board+of+Trustees+election+Community+Voting+period&language=&action=page&filter= Please help translate to your language] Ndewo onye ọ bụla, Ọnye ọ bụla daalụ n'isonye na usoro [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022|2022 Bọọdụ ndị nlekọta nhopụta]]. Nsonye gị nyere aka n'ịnọdụ ndị nlekọta ndị ogbe chọrọ na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta Wikimedia Foundation. Enwere ndị mbido nsonaazụ nke 2022 bọọdụ ndị nlekọta nhopụta. * [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Candidates/Shani_Evenstein_Sigalov|Shani Evenstein Sigalov]] * [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Candidates/Mike_Peel|Mike Peel]] Ị́ nwere ike ịhụ ihe ọgwụgwa ndị ọzọ maka [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results|Nsonaazụ]] na [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Stats|Ọnụọgụ]] nke a nke Bọọdụ nhopụta. Ndị bọọdụ ahụ ga-emecha nyocha ha nke ndị ntuli aka kacha nwee ntuli aka, gụnyere ime nyocha ndabere. Ndị Board na-ezube ịhọpụta ndị nlekọta ọhụrụ na nzukọ ha na Disemba. Kachasị mma, Atụmatụ mmegharị na Ọchịchị ''E zịtere ozị a na nnọchite anya bọọdụ nhọrọ ndị agha ọrụ na ndị nhopụta Kọmitịị'' [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 09:32, 22 Septemba 2022 (UTC) == Vote for your favourite Wikimedia sound logo == ''{{int:Please-translate}}''<br> ''We are really sorry for posting in English'' [[File:Sound Logo Cover Image - Linkedin.png|800px|center]] Voting in the Wikimedia sound logo contest [[Commons:Sound_Logo_Vote|'''has started''']]. From December 6 to 19, 2022, please play a part and help chose the sound that will identify Wikimedia content on audio devices. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/12/06/vote-for-the-sound-of-all-human-knowledge/ Learn more on Diff]. The sound logo team is grateful to everyone who participated in this global contest. We received 3,235 submissions from 2,094 participants in 135 countries. We are incredibly grateful to the team of [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/10/31/screening-3235-sound-submissions/ volunteer screeners] and the [[meta:Communications/Sound_Logo/Contest_proposal#How_will_the_final_selection_happen?|selection committee]] who, among others, helped bring us to where we are today. It is now up to Wikimedia to choose the Sound Of All Human Knowledge. Best wishes, [[Ọbanife:Arupako-WMF|Arupako-WMF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Arupako-WMF|ṅkátá]]) 10:06, 16 Disemba 2022 (UTC) == Survey about Wikifunctions: we need your input! == {{int:please-translate}}! Hello all! I’m Luca/Sannita, Community Relations Specialist for [[:f:|Wikifunctions]], the newest Wikimedia project. We are currently conducting user research to improve Wikifunctions, and we need your input! You do not need experience with Wikifunctions to participate. Participation takes the form of an interview, conducted online, '''in English''', using Google Meet, for a duration of about 75 minutes. To join this study, please fill out '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScBACHQEKxXmyPOPKenscb4iJ_BpSRIwGqxBVDTSVVZQCJ87g/viewform this short form]''' as soon as possible. ([[:foundation:Generic_screener_survey_privacy_statement_for_design_research|privacy policy for the survey]]). Interviews will start on March 14th, 2024. We are pleased to offer a thank you gift to those who complete the interview. More details about the project will be provided in a follow-up email to those who qualify for this study. Let me know if there are questions or clarifications needed, please use [[Okwu ọbanife:Sannita (WMF)]] when writing to me. Hope you will take part to the study! [[Ọbanife:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Sannita (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 15:05, 11 Maachị 2024 (UTC) == IMPORTANT: Admin activity review == Hello. A policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing "advanced rights" from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]]. We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no logged actions for more than 2 years): # [[User:Djsasso]] (administrator) These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards. However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, [[Ojiarụ:EPIC|EPIC]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:EPIC|ṅkátá]]) 07:09, 23 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC) 2g0hkp98q9pvwpejtdpkbmch9k32xn3 0 9725 728257 196745 2026-09-26T16:31:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Osas Ighodaro''' (onye amụrụ '''Osariemen Martha Elizabeth Ighodaro''' ; 26 Ọktoba n'afọ 1983) bụ [[:en:Nigerian_American|Nigerian American]] , onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye ọrụ ebere. O meriri na asụm mpi [[:en:Miss_Black_USA_Pageant|Miss Black USA Pageant]] n' afọ 2010 ma wee hibe The Joyful Joy Foundation, iji chụ nta ego ma gbasa ozi iji buso oria iba bụ [[:en:Malaria|Malaria]] [[Iba|agha]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/miss-black-connecticut-crowned-miss-black-usa-2010-in-the-nations-capital-100512849.html|title=Miss Black Connecticut Crowned Miss Black USA 2010 in the nations capitol}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/osas-ighodaro-ajibade/malarias-deadly-toll_b_9772254.html|title=Malaria Deadly Toll}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ọso nwe mee [[:en:2014_Africa_Magic_Viewers_Choice_Awards|2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]. . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke dika Adanna(Danni) n'ihe nkiri ''[[:en:Tinsel_(TV_series)|Tinsel]]'' , wee turu ugo dika onye kacha nwe mee ihe nkiri nke ELOY n'afọ 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/06/15/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-its-ok-to-come-back-home-from-new-york-to-lagos-tinsel-actress-osas-ighodaro-is-spreading-her-wings-living-her-dream/|title=Its Ok to Come Back Home: From New York to Lagos Tinsel actress Osas Ighodaro is spreading her wings|date=2013-06-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nollywoodexpress.com/trending-with-osas-ighodaro/|title=Trending with Osas|date=2014-04-22|accessdate=2020-09-26|archivedate=2020-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012102621/http://nollywoodexpress.com/trending-with-osas-ighodaro/}}</ref> Osas weputara ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha elu na n'afọ 2018. <ref><nowiki>{{cite web | url=</nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20220331061447/https://sodasandpopcorn.com/osas-ighodaro-nollywood-2018/</ref> A mụrụ Ighodaro na Bronx, dí na New York, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], nne na nna ya bụ ndị Nigeria si [[Ȯra Edo|Edo State]] . O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na mgbasa ozi ma nwekwa mmụta n'agbambọ na Ama egwuregwu na [[:en:Pennsylvania_State_University|Pennsylvania State University]]- . Ọ nwetakwara akara ugo mmụta dị elu na ọrụ nka na [[:en:Actors_Studio_Drama_School_at_Pace_University|Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University]]. Ọ kwagara Naịjirịa n’afọ 2012 ka ọ nanị ọnwa isii tupu Ọ laghachi mba United States; mana o nwetara ọrụ ndị ọzọ, tinyere ''[[:en:Tinsel_(TV_series)|Tinsel]]'' ''kpatara na Ọ'' laghachighi kemgbe ahụ. Ọ kwadoro mmemme Maltina Dance All Reality. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/09/osas-ighodaro-replaces-kemi-adetiba-as-maltina-dance-all-host/|title=Osas replaces Kemi Adetiba as host of Maltina Dance All Show|publisher=thenet.ng|date=2013-01-09|accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/lifestyle-spice/fashion-should-be-on-point-osas-ighodaro/|title=Fashion should be on Point - Osas Ighodaro|publisher=punchng.com|date=2013-07-04|accessdate=11 July 2014|archivedate=2014-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714203744/http://www.punchng.com/spice/lifestyle-spice/fashion-should-be-on-point-osas-ighodaro/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere Joyful Joy Foundation <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/osas-ighodaro-ajibade|title=Osas Ighodaro Ajibade|publisher=[[Huffington Post]].com|date=2016-04-25|accessdate=25 April 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/osas-ighodaro-ajibade/malarias-deadly-toll_b_9772254.html?|title=Malaria Deadly Toll / Osas Ighodaro Ajibade|publisher=[[Huffington Post]].com|date=2016-04-25|accessdate=25 April 2016}}</ref> ma bụrụ kwa onye otu Ụmụ nwanyi [[:en:Alpha_Kappa_Alpha|Alpha Kappa Alpha]] . Ya na [[:en:Folu_Storms|Folu Storms]] sonyeere [[:en:MTV_Shuga|MTV Shuga]] maka ihe usoro nkiri nke anọ n'ọnwa nk'iri n'afọ 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-26|title=Tobi Bakre, Osas Ighodaro, Folu Storms grace MTV Shuga Season|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/tobi-bakre-osas-ighodaro-folu-storms-grace-mtv-shuga-season-4-premiere/|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Gbenro Ajibade n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kemifilani.com/2018/11/gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-go-separate-ways-as-marriage-hits-the-rock.html|title=Gbenro Ajibade & Osas Ighodaro go separate ways as marriage hits the rock|last=Adebayo|first=Tireni|date=2018-11-01|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ha mụrụ nwa mbụ ha na afọ 2016. Ha gbara onwe ha alụkwaghịm ozigbo ozigbo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/gbenro-ajibade-calls-out-wife-osas-ighodaro-on-instagram-over-neglect-of-their-child/jm11qyf|title=Gbenro Ajibade calls out wife, Osas Ighodaro on Instagram over neglect of their child|date=2019-02-17|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Osas,_Vimbia_and_IK.jpg|thumb|Osas Ighodaro, Vimbai Mutinhiri na IK Osakioduwa na- akwado 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]] === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ |- | 2020 | ''Namaste Wahala'' <ref>http://www.CNN.com/2020/02/24/Africa/nollywood-and-bollywood-namaste-wahala/index.html</ref> | Preemo |- | 2020 | ''Okwu Ọjọọ'' | Hilda |- | 2020 | ''Mama Drama'' | Mena |- | 2020 | ''Ratnik'' | Sarah Bello |- | 2019 | ''Onye oma (film)'' | Swiiti |- | 2019 | ''Ndị Lagos'' | Demidun |- | 2018 | ''Eze umu nwoke'' | Sade Bello |- | 2018 | ''Mụ nwoke Merry: Ezigbo Ndị Mmụọ Ọjọọ Yoruba'' | Chidinma |- | 2018 | ''Ego ohuru (ihe nkiri 2018)'' | Angela Nwachukwu |- | 2016 | ''Ije Ije N'ifufe'' | Mary |- | 2016 | ''Arịrịọ'' | Margaret |- | 2016 | ''Tinye mgbanaka na ya'' | Eki |- | 2015 | ''Gbomo Gbomo Express'' | Cassandra |- | 2015 | ''Ebe Childrenmụaka Na-egwuri egwu'' | Nia |- | 2015 | ''Ngalaba'' | Tolu <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/the-department-watch-osas-ighodaro-oc-ukeje-majid-michel-in-trailer-id3413176.html|title=Watch Osas Ighodaro, OC Ukeje, Majid Michel in trailer|publisher=ThePulse.ng|accessdate=16 January 2015|archivedate=20 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320235945/http://pulse.ng/movies/the-department-watch-osas-ighodaro-oc-ukeje-majid-michel-in-trailer-id3413176.html}}</ref> |- | 2011 | ''Ezumike Obodo'' | Adinike |- | 2009 | ''Nwalere'' | Sheena |- | 2008 | ''Ihe ndekọ Cadillac'' | Nwanyị |- | 2008 | ''N'ofe Oke Osimiri Bloodied'' | Nafisa |- | 2006 | ''Oge Killa (ihe nkiri)'' | Shinae |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ |- | 2020 | ''Smart Money Nwanyi TV usoro'' | Zuri |- | 2020 | ''Inyeaka Madams'' | Chioma |- | 2019 | ''MTV Shuga'' | Sergeant Alice Iyanu |- | 2018 | ''Eve (Africa Ime Anwansi)'' | Sylvia |- | 2013-2015 | ''Maltina Dance niile'' | Nọrọ n'ụlọ ya |- | 2012-2014 | ''Tinsel'' | Adanna |- | 2013 | ''Aghota - The Webseries'' | Rut |- | 2012 | ''Nzọụkwụ 12 iji weghachite'' | Jelly bean |- | 2010 | ''Izute Browns'' | Nọọsụ Mileen |- | 2006 | ''Nkwenye'' | Nwanyị nwanyị |- |} === Ihe nkiri nke tieta === * ''Fela & ndi Kalakuta Queens'' * ''Maka ụmụ agbọghọ agba'' (mmegharị nke Nigeria) * ''N’okpuru ala'' * ''Dolores'' * ''Ọ sịrị, Ọ sịrị'' * ''Olee ụtọ'' * ''Platanos Y Collard elu'' * ''Imegwara nke Eze'' * ''Joe Turners Bịa ma Gara'' * ''Ihe ngosi nka agba'' == Onyinye na nhoputa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Mmemme ! Katigori ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ |- | 2010 | Miss Black USA Pantant | Nwa Black USA 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|title=2010 Miss Black USA Crowned|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/photo/2010-08/10/c_13438427.htm|access-date=2020-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015021701/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/photo/2010-08/10/c_13438427.htm|archive-date=2010-10-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||{{won}} |- | 2014 | ELOY Awards | Omee nke Afọ - TV <ref>{{Cite web|title=Exquisite Lady of the Year Awards Seyi Shay, Toke Makinwa, Mo’Cheddah, DJ Cuppy, Others Nominated|url=http://pulse.ng/events/exquisite-lady-of-the-year-eloy-awards-seyi-shay-toke-makinwa-mo-cheddah-dj-cuppy-others-nominated-id3211248.html|accessdate=2020-09-26|archivedate=2017-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703235859/http://www.pulse.ng/events/exquisite-lady-of-the-year-eloy-awards-seyi-shay-toke-makinwa-mo-cheddah-dj-cuppy-others-nominated-id3211248.html}}</ref> | Tinsel|{{won}} |- | 2015 | Green October La Mode Magazine onyinye | Onyinye enyere mmadụ aka <ref>{{Cite web|title=Green October 2Face, Tony Elumelu, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, others recognized at humanitarian/fashion show|url=http://pulse.ng/events/green-october-2face-tony-elumelu-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-others-recognised-at-humanitarian-fashion-show-id4238387.html/|accessdate=2020-09-26|archivedate=2015-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009074018/http://pulse.ng/events/green-october-2face-tony-elumelu-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-others-recognised-at-humanitarian-fashion-show-id4238387.html}}</ref> | Ntọala Ọyụ|{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | rowspan="2" | ELOY Awards | Onye nnochite anya aha nke afọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Osas Ighodaro Emerges Brand Ambassador of the Year at ELOY Awards|url=http://thenet.ng/2015/11/osas-ighodaro-emerges-brand-ambassador-of-the-year-at-eloy-awards/}}</ref> | Polo Okporo ụzọ; Konga.com|{{won}} |- | Omee nke Afọ - Ihe nkiri | Ngalaba|{{nominated}} |- | 2016 | Onyinye ọla edo | Onye na-akwado ọla edo edo edo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full List of nominees for 2016 Golden Movie Awards Africa|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-nominees-for-2016-Golden-Movie-Awards-Africa-GMAA-441794}}</ref> | Gbomo Gbomo Express|{{Nominated}} |- | 2016 | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ 2016 Nigeria | Onye na-akwado ihe nkiri n'afọ ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nollywood Actress Osas Ighodaro Ajibade wins Best Supporting Actress at the 2016 NEA Awards|url=http://www.africanhubnaija.com/index.php/nollywood-actress-osas-ighodaro-ajibade-wins-best-supporting-actress-at-the-2016-nea-awards/|accessdate=2020-09-26|archivedate=2016-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002130252/http://www.africanhubnaija.com/index.php/nollywood-actress-osas-ighodaro-ajibade-wins-best-supporting-actress-at-the-2016-nea-awards/}}</ref> | Gbomo Gbomo Express|{{Won}} |- |} == Ebe nsinweta == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * [http://www.officialosas.com Nnọọ weebụsaịtị] * Osas Ighodaro * [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/osas-ighodaro-ajibade Osas Ighodaro Ajibade] biography na Huffington Post * Mkparịta ụka [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Air9CwOAGWU Osas Ighodaro] na [[Toke Makinwa]] [[Òtù:Umụ nwanyi naijiria n'eme ihe nkiri na ndi n'agu egwu]] ogag1n4uo1mqxonmo5y1a1bl79mtxjr 0 9915 728297 186727 2026-09-26T19:31:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Prisca Emeafu''' {{Audio|Ig-Prisca Emeafu.ogg|Audio}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri atọ n'onwa maachi n'afọ 1972) bụ nwaafọ Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ, onye na-agba dika [[:en:Defender_(association_football)|defender]] na [[:en:Nigeria_women's_national_football_team|Nigeria women's national football team]].Ọ so na otu egwuregwu ndị [[:en:1995_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup|1995 FIFA Women's World Cup]] na [[:en:1999_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup|1999 FIFA Women's World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/usa1999/teams/team=1882893/index.html|title=FIFA Women's World Cup USA 1999 - Nigeria|accessdate=2007-09-28|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=1999|work=FIFA Women's World Cup United States 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510150246/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/usa1999/teams/team=1882893/index.html|archive-date=2017-05-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebe m si dee == <references /> == Njikọ dị na Mpuga == * Prisca Emeafu– FIFA competition record  [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1972]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ]] df1hquxqjzf85ciqam1ju0wr0jsbkxt 0 9916 728286 93466 2026-09-26T18:54:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox football biography|name=Phoebe Ebimiekumo|years2=|club-update=|medaltemplates=|managerclubs1=|manageryears1=|nationalgoals1=|nationalcaps1=|nationalteam1=[[Nigeria women's national football team|Nigeria]]|nationalyears1=|totalgoals=|totalcaps=|goals2=|caps2=|clubs2=|goals1=|image=|caps1=|clubs1=|years1=|youthclubs1=|youthyears1=|position=[[Defender (association football)|Defender]]|height=|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1974|1|17|df=y}}|fullname=|caption=|image_size=|nationalteam-update=5 June 1995 (before the [[1995 FIFA Women's World Cup]])}}'''Phoebe Ebimiekumo''' '''Nkọwa Onwe''' Afọ ọmụmụ - 17 Jenụwarị 1974 ọnụdụ ọ na-agba - Defender '''Otu Mba''' Nigeria '''Phoebe Ebimiekumo''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na asaa n'onwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1974) bụ nwaafọ Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ, onye na-agba dịka [[:en:Defender_(association_football)|defender]] na [[:en:Nigeria_women's_national_football_team|Nigeria women's national football team]] . O so na otu egwuregwu n'ihe mmeghe [[:en:1991_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup|1991 FIFA Women's World Cup]] yana [[:en:1995_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup|1995 FIFA Women's World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/sweden1995/teams/team=1882893/players.html|title=FIFA Women's World Cup Sweden 1995 - Teams|accessdate=2007-09-28|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=1995|work=FIFA Women's World Cup Sweden 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024023624/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/sweden1995/teams/team=1882893/players.html|archive-date=2007-10-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebe m si dee == <references /> == External links == * Phoebe Ebimiekumo – FIFA competition record  [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1974]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ]] h2465w9a6mzs96xbxrfgd8sq9l41bzm 0 10001 728353 724542 2026-09-27T00:25:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Safiya Hussaini Tungar Tudu''' onye amụrụ n'afọ 1967 bụ nwaanyị [[Naijiria|Nigerian]] a màrà ikpe ọnwụ n'ihi akwam iko Onye lụrụ di na 2002. Ọ mụrụ otu nwa na-alụghị di na [[Sokoto]], steeti Naijiria nọ́ n'okpuru iwu Sharia . A mara ya ikpe ịtụ ya nkume, mana ewepụrụ ya na ebubo ya niile na Maachị 2002 ka emechara ya . Hussaini == Ndabere == A mara Hussaini ikpe ọnwụ itugbu ya na Ọktoba 2001 maka ebubo na ya na onye agbata obi ya lụrụ nwanyị dinara. Ọ mụrụ nwa ahụ mgbe ọ gbachara alụkwaghịm. Hussaini kwuru na nwoke ahụ bụ onye dakwasịrị ya n'ike ugboro ugboro, ndị ụlọ ikpe Sharia achọpụtaghị na ọ dara ikpe n'ihi enweghị akaebe. N'oge ikpe ahụ, Hussaini enweghị onye nnọchite iwu ọ bụla ma agwaghị ya ikike onwere <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0112/08/i_if.00.html |title=INSIDE AFRICA |accessdate=2020-11-14 |archivedate=2020-02-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202081841/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0112/08/i_if.00.html }}</ref> ụlọ ikpe Sokoto kpochapụrụ akaebe ya wee maa ya ikpe na 12 Ọktoba 2001. Amamíkpé a bụ nke mba ụwa katọrọ ma dee akwụkwọ maka mgbapụta ya.Halima Abdullahi, onye ntụziaka nke otu abụghị nke gọọmenti hiwere bụ Help Eliminate Loneliness and Poverty(HELP) kwutọkwara amam ikpe a.N'okwu ya ọ sịrị na nke a bụ ihe ihere nyere otu Muslim nke Naịjirịa. Otú a kwuru na ikpe a ezighị ezi n'ihi amara Safiya ikpe onye nọ na di ma ọ gbala alukwaghịm . Nke ọzọkwa mmadụ anọ kwesịrị ịbụ ndị aka ebe dịka iwu Islam si dị bụ ndị ahughị .Halima kwuru na nke a bụ n'ihi enweghị ọnụ,ma kpọkwa nke a nkewa n'ógó dị elu enwere ebe nwoke na nwanyị nọ.Otua gara n'ihu ịkpọku Gọvanọ Attahiru Bafarawa ka ọ tiyee ọnụ n'izọpụta ndụ Safiya. Hussaini rịọrọ, ndị ọka iwu ya na-arụ ụka na di mbụ nke Hussaini bụ nna nwa ya nwanyị dị otu afọ bụ Adama na nwanyị ahụ kwuru okwu mbụ ya n'okpuru nrụgide. <ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=80054&page=2 Nigerian Woman Avoids Stoning Death]</ref> N'ịga n'ihu, ha rụrụ ụka na ịkwa iko a na-ebo ebubo ewerela ọnọdụ tupu etinye iwu Sharia na steeti ahụ. E guzobere iwu sharia zuru oke na Sokoto na Jun 2000, otu ọnwa ka amụchara Adama. <ref>[http://www.isioma.net/sds03502.html Safiya: "My crime is being a woman"]</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020607182433/http://now.org/news/goodnews.html Nigerian Woman Wins Reprieve from Stoning]</ref> Onye gbachitere ya bụ onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Naịjirịa bụ Hauwa Ibrahim . Hussaini meriri arịrịọ ya n'onwa Maachị 25, 2002 ma akagbuo ikpe ahụ. Ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị dị na Sokoto chọpụtara na ikpe ọnwụ nke ụlọ ikpe Alakụba kpere na Oktoba, enweghị isi. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ kpebiri na enweghị ike iji ihe ịkwa iko nke iwu Sharia nke Sokoto mee ihe ḿmegide nyere Safiya, ebe ọ bụ na ịkwa ikoa ana-ebo ebubo bụ tupu ewebata iwu Sharia na Sokoto. <ref>[http://www.ntpi.org/html/safiyahussaini.html Safiya Hussaini]</ref> <ref>[http://www.afrol.com/News2002/nig015_safiya_free.htm Safiya Hussaini acquitted by Nigerian court]</ref> Mkpesa Hussaini mèchàrà bụrụ ihe edekọrọ n'akwụkwọ akpọrọ, ''Safiya Hussaini Tungar Tudu: I, Safiya'' (2004).<ref name="NZ_Herald_3568272">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/margie-thomson/news/article.cfm?a_id=108&objectid=3568272|title=Safiya Hussaini Tungar Tudu: I, Safiya|accessdate=7 November 2011|date=28 May 2004}}</ref> == Hụ́ kwa == * Amina Lawal * Hauwa Ibrahim * Sharia in Nigeria == Nrụtụaka == <references /> == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/26/world/nigerian-woman-condemned-to-death-by-stoning-is-acquitted.html?pagewanted=1 ''Nigerian Woman Condemned to Death by stoning is Acquitted''] - New York Times (2002-3-26) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004012849/https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13699 Nigeria: warning over sharia court's after Safiya Hussaini Acquittal] Amnesty International, 25 March 2002. * [https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=80054&page=2 Nigeria Woman Avoids Stoning to Death] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090923213409/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/muslim-woman-spared-death-by-stoning-in-nigeria-655429.html Muslim woman spared by stoning in Nigeria] * [http://www.snopes.com/inboxer/petition/safiya.htm Safiya Hussaini case] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041127110900/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1568/is_1_34/ai_84841757/print Safiya Hussainn'iTungar-Tudu site in a jail cell in Nigeria facing a death] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ia67ic00vg2ge3cp5cz23gmc44vjyk1 0 10048 728460 724571 2026-09-27T10:42:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Vivian Aminu Yusuf''' (amụrụ ya na ọnwa nke asatọ n’afọ 1983) bụ judoka [[Naijiria|onye]] [[Naijiria]] onye gbara otu udi ọkara heavyweight<ref>{{cite web|title = Vivian Yusuf|url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/yu/vivian-yusuf-1.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418060548/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/yu/vivian-yusuf-1.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 18 April 2020|access-date = 11 December 2012}}</ref> O ritere ihe nrite ọla ọcha abụọ n'afọ 2007 All-Africa Games nke Algiers, Algeria. n'afọ 2008 Judo Championship nke Agadir, Morocco, abụọ ndị Houda Miled nke Tunisia meriri n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ.  Yusuf nọchitere anya naijiria na asọmpi Summer Olimpik nke 2008 na egwuregwu nke XXIX Olympiad na Beijing, [[China]], ebe ọ zọrọ mpi maka klas nke ọkara nke ụmụ nwanyị (78&nbsp;n'arọ) <ref>{{cite news|title=Nigeria's only female judoka for Olympics leaves for overseas training|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/02/content_8302639.htm|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|date=2 June 2008|accessdate=11 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074445/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/02/content_8302639.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Ọ natara a bye maka nke abụọ mbido gburugburu, onye jamani bụ Heide Wollert mechara merie ya. onye nwere ike igbanye akpịrịka akpaka na sekọnd iri atọ na asaa. <ref>{{cite web|title=Women's Half Lightweight (78kg/172 lbs) Preliminaries|url=http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/judo/resultsandschedules/rsc=JUW078405/index.html|publisher=[[NBC Olympics]]|accessdate=11 December 2012}}</ref> . == Ebe m si nwete == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Vivian Yusuf * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120516231535/http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=61015/bio/index.html NBC 2008 profaịlụ Olympics] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fbh1h4mnp7urg6mdb966ft1dygroxvm 0 10068 728441 724588 2026-09-27T09:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ugochi Opara''' {{Audio|Ig-Ugochi Opara.ogg|Audio}} (amụrụ '''n’abalị''' iri abụọ na asaa n’ọnwa Mee afọ 1976) bụ onye ọgba bọọlụ [[Naijiria]] gbara bọọlụ dịka onye na- eche nche n’egwuregwu ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu egwuregwu na 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup na 2003 FIFA World Cup . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/technicaldevp/50/08/02/fwwcusa2003-technicalreport_neu_081010.pdf|title=FIFA Women's World Cup USA 2003 - Technical Report|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226232356/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/technicaldevp/50/08/02/fwwcusa2003-technicalreport%5fneu%5f081010.pdf|archive-date=2011-12-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebenside == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị egwuregwu]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1976]] m753nepbxptiiktlbspazo2adzwxp04 0 10069 728412 724589 2026-09-27T05:55:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tara Fela-Durotoye''' (amụrụ 6 Maachị 1977)<ref>[[Ibukun Awosika]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=RYyk8XIbQDAC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=tara+fela+durotoye+the+girl+entrepreneur&source=bl&ots=QH_Fydx4PJ&sig=xnaeO-UUOhOJ2yLT9vKivh2JvxA&hl=en&ei=46q0S5bnH8iI4QbDuqDYDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''The Girl Entrepreneur'']</ref> bụ onye ọchụnta ego na ịchọọ mma nke [[Naijiria]]. Onye mbụ na ọrụ edozi mma nwanyị na Naịjirịa, ọ dere akwụkwọ ndekọ maka jikere alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ na 1999, guzobe ụlọ ọrụ jikere ụmụ nwaanyị wee guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ maka ịma mma ụmụ nwanyị na Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye guzọbere House of Tara International<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://houseoftara.com/tara.php|title=:: House of Tara {{!}} About Tara ::|website=houseoftara.com|access-date=2017-12-22|accessdate=2020-11-17|archivedate=2018-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215220401/http://houseoftara.com/tara.php}}</ref> ma meputa Tara Orekelewa Beauty range, senti na ngwaahịa H.I.P. A na-ahụta ya dị ka onye ikike dị ukwuu na obodo achụmnta ego ụmụ nwanyị nke Nigeria nke mepụtara azụmaahịa mmetụta dị iche nke nyerela ọtụtụ ụmụ nwaanyi ndị ọchụnta ego maka ịchọọ mma site na atụmatụ "Tara Beauty entrepreneur". Ọ natala ọtụtụ onyinye nsọpụrụ dị iche iche maka ọrụ ya dị mkpa na alaka azụmaahịa na onyinye nke; 'Most Outstanding Business Woman of the Year 2018' site na African Economy Builders Awards Abidjan. Na 2018, Tara natara akara ngosi nke Afrika site na Ghana Makeup Awards yana 'Leadership for Entrepreneurship' site na Harvard Business School Association of Nigeria. N’afọ 2007, e nyere Tara Fela-Durotoye onyinye nsọpụrụ nke Africa SMME na Ọchunta ego na South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africagrowth.com|title=Africagrowth Institute - It is our business to help your business|website=www.africagrowth.com|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> Na 2013, [[:en:Forbes|Forbes]] depụtara aha ya dịka otu n'ime nwaanyi iri abụọ siri ike na Afrika.<ref name="forbes12">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/04/the-20-young-power-women-in-africa-2013/|title=The 20 Young Power Women In Africa 2013|work=Forbes|date=|accessdate=2015-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202130228/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/04/the-20-young-power-women-in-africa-2013/|archive-date=2017-02-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye gụsịri akwụkwọ na Lagos Business School Chief Executive Program, INSEAD Abu Dhabi, Mahadum Yale, Stanford SEED Transformation Programme, na Harvard Kennedy School ebe omechara Global Leadership and Public Policy na 21st century, Ọ bụ onye otu nzukọ nke France / Nigeria Investment club nke Onye isi ala France Emmanuel Macron mepere na 2018. == Malite ndụ == Amụrụ Tara Fela-Durotoye n'ụlọ ọgwụ [[:en:St._Nicholas_Hospital,_Lagos|St. Nicholas Hospital]] na-ezinulo John Ejegi Sagay, onye kọmishọna na [[:en:Civil_Service_F.C.|Federal Civil Service]] na Felicia Omaghomi. Ndị mụrụ ya kewara alụmdi mgbe ọ dị naanị ọnwa asatọ, [[:en:Stepmother|nwunye nna]] ya, Modupe Agnes Sagay zụlitere ya. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Command Children School, [[:en:Victoria_Island_(Nigeria)|Victoria Island]] wee gawa Nigeria Navy Secondary School, Ojo, ebe o bi n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Emere ya onye nlekọta na idebe ihe ọcha na ọdịmma nke ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum [[:en:Lagos_State_University|Lagos]], nweta nzere na [[:en:Law|Iwu]] wee malite ''House of Tara International.'' === Ndụ ya n'ime === Tara lụrụ [[:en:Fela_Durotoye|Fela Durotoye]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100514122344/http://www.feladurotoye.org/content/view/14/84/ Fela Durotoye] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514122344/http://www.feladurotoye.org/content/view/14/84/|date=14 May 2010}}</ref> onye ọkachamara maka azụmaahịa na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Visible Impact<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100502050853/http://www.visibleimpact.com.ng/ Official Website of Visible Impact] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502050853/http://www.visibleimpact.com.ng/|date=2 May 2010}}</ref>. O nwara ịzọ ọkwa onyeisiala Naijiria n'ụbọchị 22 Febụwarị 2018, site na-otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke Alliance for new Nigeria.<ref>[https://www.thecable.ng/will-run-president-2019-says-fela-durotoye-joins-alliance-new-nigeria]</ref> Ha nwere umu nwoke ato, Mobolurin, Demilade & Morolaoluwa. == Hụ kwa == * [[:en:Chinelo_Anohu-Amazu|Chinelo Anohu-Amazu]] == Ebe m si dee == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Lagos]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị oji ego achọọ ego]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị ọkaiwu Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ndị guzọbere ihe na Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] hbddl4xynn6ks1pzvgrmo0gcpdumcg7 0 10131 728440 724633 2026-09-27T09:11:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ugochi Nwaigwe''' (amụrụ na Mee 3, afọ 1993) bụ nwaafọ [[Naijiria]] amụrụ na Amerịka na-egwu bọọlụ basketball nke Yakin Doğu Üniversitesi na ndị otu Naịjirịa . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Ugochi_Nwaigwe/pid//_//players.html |title=FIBA profile |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922195211/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Ugochi_Nwaigwe/pid//_//players.html |archive-date=2017-09-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ Mba == O sonyere na 2017 Women's Afrobasket . <ref>[http://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2017/Ugochi-Nwaigwe 2017 Women's Afrobasket profile]</ref> == Ebe m si nwete == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mtg2h5u5hmn8qjuvtmenwyhqpmu1376 0 10134 728215 724636 2026-09-26T13:51:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Offiong Edem''' (amuru ya na abali iri-atọ n’otu n’ime onwa iri- '''abuo''' n’afọ 1986 na [[Calabar]] ) bu onye n’egwuregwu tenis [[Naijiria|ndi Naijiria]] . Ọ zọrọ asọmpi maka Naịjirịa na asọmpi Olimpik nke afọ 2004 na 2012 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ed/offiong-edem-1.html|title=Offiong Edem Bio, Stats, and Results|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418110718/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ed/offiong-edem-1.html|archive-date=2020-04-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/edem-offiong-1059127/|title=Offiong Edem|accessdate=2020-11-19|archivedate=2013-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401202649/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/edem-offiong-1059127/}}</ref> == Ebe m di nwete == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] oh2v9bmzlbyh9j4u5n6nt9saoqum7qr 0 10161 728403 724656 2026-09-27T04:51:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Sunday Ogochukwu Oliseh|goals9=0|goals6=0|years7=2000–2004|clubs7=[[Borussia Dortmund]]|caps7=53|goals7=1|years8=2003–2004|clubs8=→ [[VfL Bochum]] (loan)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3522129.stm |title=Bochum release Oliseh |date=1 March 2004 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |accessdate=4 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=173325.html |title=Ruhr treat for Bochum |date=28 April 2004 |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=4 April 2010 |first=Mark |last=Bennett |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112225525/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=173325.html |archive-date=12 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|caps8=32|goals8=1|years9=2005–2006|clubs9=[[K.R.C. Genk|Genk]]|caps9=16|totalcaps=321|clubs6=[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|totalgoals=18|nationalteam1=[[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]|nationalyears1=1993–2002|nationalcaps1=54|nationalgoals1=2|manageryears1=2007|managerclubs1=[[K.A.S. Eupen|Eupen]] (Sports director)|manageryears2=2008–2009|managerclubs2=[[R.C.S. Verviétois|Verviétois]]|manageryears3=2015–2016|managerclubs3=[[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]|manageryears4=2017–2018|managerclubs4=[[Fortuna Sittard]]|caps6=8|years6=1999–2000|fullname=Sunday Ogochukwu Oliseh|years2=1990–1994|image=Sunday Oliseh - Juventus FC 1999-2000.jpg|caption=Oliseh in 1999|birth_date={{birth date and age|1974|9|14|df=y}}|birth_place=Abavo, [[Delta State]], Nigeria|height=1.83 m|position=[[Midfielder#Defensive midfielder|Defensive Midfielder]]|currentclub=|clubnumber=|years1=1989–1990|clubs1=[[Julius Berger F.C.|Julius Berger]]|caps1=|goals1=|clubs2=[[RFC Liège]]|goals5=8|caps2=75|goals2=3|years3=1994–1995|clubs3=[[A.C. Reggiana 1919|Reggiana]]|caps3=29|goals3=1|years4=1995–1997|clubs4=[[1. FC Köln]]|caps4=54|goals4=4|years5=1997–1999|clubs5=[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]|caps5=54|medaltemplates={{MedalCountry|{{NGR}}}}{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|Football]]}}{{MedalGold|[[1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Atlanta]]|[[Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics|Team Competition]]}}}}Sunday Og {{Databox}} Sunday Ọgọchukwu Oliseh (amụrụ ya na 14 Septemba1974) bụ onye nlekọta anya ndị Naịjirịa na-agba bọọlụ na kwa onye na-agbabu bọọlụ. Mgbe ọ na-agba bọọlụ, ọ bụ n'etiti ka ọ na-agba. == Ọrụ Ịgba Bọọlụ == Ọ bụ onye kwudosiri ike ma nwekwa nka na-ịgba n'ọnọdụ nchekwa n'etiti. Oliseh na-agbala ndị klọb ama ama na ụwa dịka AFC Ajax, Borussia, Dortmund na Juventus FC. Oliseh gbara bọọlụ ozurumba ma nye ọkpụ atọ na Naịjirịa ma gbakwaa na iko mba ụwa na 1994 na 1998. Oliseh sonyere na egwuregwu Olimpiki nke ọlaedo ya na 1996. Ndị CAF tụnyere Sunday Oliseh dịka onye nke atọ kacha agba bọọlụ na Afrịka na 1998. A na-echetakarị ya maka ọkpụ mmeri ọ nyere na gurupu staji nke ọ nyere ndị spain na iko mba ụwa na 1998 nke Naịjirịa gbara 3-2. A tụpụtara bọọlụ na ọgbọ, Oliseh were ọsọ wee gbaa bọọlụ ahụ 25 yadị, nke ochee ọkpụ bụ Andoni Zubizarreta na-atụghị anya. N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye isi ndị otu ya na iko mba Afrịka na 2002, e wepụrụ ya na-isonye ndị otu ya, gbaa asọmpi iko mba ụwa maka mgbazi enyere ya maka ihe ọjọọ, ọ mere. Oliseh gara ezumike nka na Juunu 2002 maka anaghị akwuzị ya ụgwọ ruru ya. Na Machị 2004, a chụpụrụ Oliseh na Borussia Dortmund maka isi ọ tara onye otu ya bụ Vahid Hashemian mgbe ọ nọ mbinyelụ na Vfl Bochum maka o kparịrị ndị ojii. Na jenuwarị 2006, afọ 31, Oliseh gara ezumike nka na fuutubọọlụ mgbe ọ gbachara ọkara sizen ndị K.R.C Genk na Belgian. == Ọrụ nchekwa == Oliseh malitere ọrụ koochi ya na Belgium, ya na ndi otu Belgians nke atọ Verviers, ndị na-erughi afọ iri na iteghete. Ọ gụchara na tiim nke mbụ dịka onye isi koochi 2014-15. E mere ya onye isi koochi na onye nchekwa klọb na RCS VISE Belgium nke atọ. Na 2015-16, " Naịjirịa Futubọọlụ Federechọn" (NFF) mere ya onye isi koochi nke otu Naịjirịa (Super Eagles of Nigeria) ebe ọ mere nke ọma; egwuregwu 14 sọọsọ abụọ ka ọ dara, ọkpụ 19 ka ọ nyere, enye sọọsọ 6. Ọ kpọrọ ndị Naịjirịa gaa ndọrọndọrọ CHAN na Rwanda, Mekwaa Naịjirịa ha etozue ị gaa asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke grupu na kwa egwuregwu mbụ ya dịka onye isi koochi ndị Naịjirịa na AFCON, ha na Tanzania gbara jiiji. Ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ onye isi koochi Naịjirịa na 26 Febuwarị 2016, nke otu ọnwa na-abia mgbe ha na Egypt ga-agba na AFCON. Ọ nọghi rue ọnwa asatọ, n'ihi akwadoghị nke ọma, akwụ ụgwọ na ihe nrite ndị ọzọ enyeghị ya na ya onwe ya. Na 27 disemba, emere Oliseh onye nchekwa Fortuna Sittard. A chụpụrụ ya 14 febuwarị 2008, nke o kwuru na ọ bụ maka osoghị ha mee ihe na-ekwesịghị na klọb Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ na-enweghị klọb. Na Machị 2020, Oliseh kwuru na ọ jụrụ ọrụ abụọ nke ndị Belgian klọb, na ọ na-eche ezigbo ọrụ. == Ụdịrị Egwuregwu ya == N'agbanyeghị na Oliseh na-agba n'etiti na ọrụ egwuregwu ya niile, Jonathan Wilson kwuru n'edemede ya na "The Guardian" nke 2013, na ọ bụ onye mbụ na-akọwa ọrụ bọọlụ ya nke ọma, onye na-elebakarị anya ijide bọọlụ karịa ị na-achọ ọnwụnwe azụ. == Gbasara ndụ ya == Ụmụ nwanne ya nwoke ndị obele bụ Azụbuike na Egutu, bụkwa ndị na-agba bọọlụ, nwanne ya ọzọ bụ Churchill Oliseh na nwa nwanne ya bụ Sekou Oliseh. == Ndekọ ọrụ ya == === Klọb === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Mpụta na goolu site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" | Klọb ! rowspan="2" | Oge ! colspan="3" | Njikọ |- ! Nkewa ! Ngwa ! Ọkpụ |- | rowspan="5" | Liège | 1990–91 | rowspan="4" | Nkeji Mbụ | 3 | 0 |- | 1991–92 | 16 | 1 |- | 1992–93 | 30 | 2 |- | 1993–94 | 26 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Na ngụkọta ! 75 ! 3 |- | Reggiana | 1994–95 | Serie A | 29 | 1 |- | rowspan="3" | 1. FC Köln | 1995–96 | rowspan="2" | Bundesliga | 24 | 0 |- | 1996–97 | 30 | 4 |- ! colspan="2" | Na ngụkọta ! Ogbe 54 ! 4 |- | rowspan="3" | Ajax | 1997–98 | rowspan="2" | Eredivisie | 29 | 5 |- | 1998–99 | 25 | 3 |- ! colspan="2" | Na ngụkọta ! Ogbe 54 ! 8 |- | Juventus | 1999–00 | Serie A | 8 | 0 |- | rowspan="5" | Borussia Dortmund | 2000-01 | rowspan="4" | Bundesliga | 22 | 0 |- | 2001–2002 | 18 | 1 |- | 2002-03 | 2 | 0 |- | 2004-05 | 11 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Na ngụkọta ! 53 ! 1 |- | rowspan="3" | Bochum (mbinye ego) | 2002-03 | rowspan="2" | Bundesliga | 11 | 0 |- | 2003–04 | 32 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Na ngụkọta ! 75 ! 3 |- | Jen | 2005–06 | Nkeji Mbụ | 16 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Nchịkọta ọrụ ! 321 ! 18 |} === Ozuruụwa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Mpụta na goolu ndị otu mba na afọ ! Otu mba ! Afọ ! Ngwa ! Ọkpụ |- | rowspan="11" | Nigeria | 1993 | 1 | 0 |- | 1994 | 11 | 0 |- | 1995 | 3 | 0 |- | 1996 | 1 | 0 |- | 1997 | 4 | 0 |- | 1998 | 7 | 2 |- | 1999 | 3 | 0 |- | 2000 | 10 | 0 |- | 2001 | 7 | 0 |- | 2002 | 7 | 0 |- ! Na ngụkọta ! Ogbe 54 ! 2 |} == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === ; Ajasị * Eredivisie : 1997– 98 * Iko KNVB : 1997–98, 1998–99 ; Juventus * UEFA Intertoto Iko : 1999 <ref>llda</ref> ; Borussia Dortmund * Bundesliga : 2001-02 * Iko Uefa : 2001–02 (Onye nke abụọ) === Ozuurụwa === ; Naịjirịa * Iko Mba Afrịka: 1994 * Oge ọlaedo nke Olimpiki : 1996 * Iko Asia nke Afuro 1995 == Nsidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Sunday Oliseh na fussballdaten.de (na German) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8mf54g4ko70tbgwm89qnjbx9qaeq71c 0 10178 728447 724667 2026-09-27T09:32:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Upe Atosu''' (amuru na Epril 21, 1993) bụ onye egwuregwu basketbọọlụ ndi otu Naijiria na-agba maka otu basketbọọlụ umu nwaanyị nke [[:en:Butler_Bulldogs_women's_basketball|Butler Bulldogs]] na [[:en:Nigeria_women's_national_basketball_team|otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria]].<ref>https://butlersports.com/roster.aspx?path=wbball</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Upe_Atosu/pid//_//players.html |title=FIBA profile |access-date=2020-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922195316/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Upe_Atosu/pid//_//players.html |archive-date=2017-09-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/hughley-names-14-players-as-dtigress-camp-opens-february/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2020-11-22 |archivedate=2020-11-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129081054/https://guardian.ng/sport/hughley-names-14-players-as-dtigress-camp-opens-february/ }}</ref> O sonyere na [[:en:2017_Women's_Afrobasket|2017 Women's Afrobasket]].<ref>[http://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2017/Upe-Atosu 2017 Women's Afrobasket profile]</ref> == Ebe m si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1993]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị n'agba bọọlụ]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị egwuregwu]] [[Òtù:Asọmpi egwuregwu mba Afrika 2015]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria n'agba bọọlụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] sv4ynih9nbedo4tmmv6g0fydo6bd8oy 0 10286 728424 538011 2026-09-27T07:35:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tiwa Salvage''' Albọm Studịo: atọ [[Usòrò:Tiwa Savage 2014.jpg|thumb|Tiwa Savage ebe ọ na enye obi ụtọ site n'abụ]] Albọm ekpokọtara onu:otu{{Infobox artist discography|Artist=[[Tiwa Savage]]|Image=Tiwa Savage at the Mavin Industry Nite Concert.jpg|Caption=Tiwa Savage performing at the Mavin Industry "Nite" Concert on July 4, 2012.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenet.ng/2012/07/exclusive-photos-don-jazzy-and-the-mavin-all-stars-rock-industry-nite/ | title=EXCLUSIVE PHOTOS: Don Jazzy and the Mavin All Stars rock Industry Nite | publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today | date=6 July 2012 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | author=Alonge, Osagie}}</ref>|Alt=|Studio=3|Compilation=1|Singles=23|Music videos=10|1Option=3|1Option name=Promotional singles|2Option=5|2Option name=Guest appearances|3Option=1|3Option name=Cameo appearances}}Ihe ngosi egwu bụ discography nke Tiwa Savage, onye Naịjịrịa na-agu egwu ,nwere, albọm studịo atọ, otu Albọm ekpokọtara, Sịngụl iri abụọ na atọ(tinyere asaa dị ka ndị omenkà egosipụtara,egwu emere Vidio iri, egwu ewere ndị nkwado dị anọ, egwu were ndị ọbịa dị ise na egwu emere ya obere ngosi. == Albọm == === Albọm Studịo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke Albọm Studịo, na nkọwa ndị ahọpụtara ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" | Aha ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" | Nkọwa nkọwa |- ! scope="row" | ''O ruru otu mgbe'' | * Wepụtara: July 3, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Once Upon a Time by Tiwa Savage|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/once-upon-a-time/id669699449|publisher=iTunes|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=July 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228233933/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/once-upon-a-time/id669699449|archive-date=28 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Label: Mavin * Nhazi: CD, LP, nbudata dijitalụ |- ! scope="row" | ''Uhie'' | * Wepụtara: December 19, 2015 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/tiwa-savage-goes-red/|title=Tiwa Savage goes RED|publisher=The Nation|date=22 December 2015|accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref> * Label: Mavin, 323 Ntụrụndụ * Nhazi: CD, LP, nbudata dijitalụ |- ! scope="row" | ''Celia'' | * Weputara: August 28, 2020 * Label: Motown, Universal Island |} === Albọm ekpokọtara ọnụ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke albums achịkọtara, yana nkọwa ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" | Aha ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" | Nkọwa nkọwa |- ! scope="row" | ''Anyanwụ Plexus''<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dika akụkụ nke Mavin Records )</span> | * Wepụtara: May 8, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audio: Don Jazzy's Mavin Records Presents 'Solar Plexus'|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/2012/05/08/audio-don-jazzys-mavin-records-presents-solar-plexus/|accessdate=28 November 2013|archivedate=3 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020550/http://www.okayafrica.com/2012/05/08/audio-don-jazzys-mavin-records-presents-solar-plexus/}}</ref> * Label: Mavin * Nhazi: CD, LP, nbudata dijitalụ |} == Ndị Sịngụl == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta ndị otu dịka onye ndu omenka, n'usoro nhọpụta ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Aha ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Afọ ! colspan="1" scope="col" | Ọnọdụ eserese kachasị elu ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | NGR |- ! scope="row" | " Kele Kele " hụnanya " <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Video: Tiwa Savage – Kele Kele Love|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/11/05/new-video-tiwa-savage-kele-kele-love/|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=5 November 2010}}</ref> | 2010 | - | rowspan="4" | ''O ruru otu mgbe'' |- ! scope="row" | "Hụrụ m n'anya (3x)" <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Music: Tiwa Savage – Love Me, Love Me, Love Me|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2011/05/01/new-music-tiwa-savage-love-me-love-me-love-me/|publisher=Jaguda|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=1 May 2011|archivedate=3 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203042038/http://www.jaguda.com/2011/05/01/new-music-tiwa-savage-love-me-love-me-love-me/}}</ref> | 2011 | - |- ! scope="row" | "Ife Wa Gbona" <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Video: Tiwa Savage Feat. Leo Wonder – Ife Wa Gbona|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/10/09/new-video-tiwa-savage-feat-leo-wonder/|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=9 October 2013|date=28 November 2013}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(na-egosi Leo Wonder)</span> | rowspan="3" | 2012 | - |- ! scope="row" | "Folarin" | - |- ! scope="row" | "Oma Ga" | - | ''Anyanwụ Plexus'' |- ! scope="row" | "Na-enweghị obi m" <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Video: Tiwa Savage featuring Don Jazzy in ‘Without my heart’ (WATCH)|url=http://www.ynaija.com/new-video-tiwa-savage-featuring-don-jazzy-in-without-my-heart-watch/|publisher=YNaija|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=11 March 2013}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(na-egosi Don Jazzy )</span> | rowspan="3" | 2013 | - | rowspan="3" | ''O ruru otu mgbe'' |- ! scope="row" | "Olorun Mi" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tiwa Savage drops new video, Olorun Mi|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/tiwa-savage-drops-new-video-olorun-mi/|publisher=Vanguard Nigeria|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=4 June 2013}}</ref> | - |- ! scope="row" | " Eminado " <ref>{{Cite web|title=New video: Tiwa Savage ft Don Jazzy in Eminado|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/11/new-video-tiwa-savage-ft-don-jazzy-eminado/|publisher=Vanguard Nigeria|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=5 November 2013}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(na-egosi Don Jazzy)</span> | - |- ! scope="row" | "Inhụnanya na-acha odo odo" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/new-music-tiwa-savage-drops-love-yellow-valentine|title=NEW MUSIC: Tiwa Savage Drops Love In Yellow For Valentine|publisher=[[Daily Times of Nigeria]]|date=31 January 2014|accessdate=13 February 2014|archivedate=29 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129115550/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/new-music-tiwa-savage-drops-love-yellow-valentine}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | 2014 | - |{{n/a|TBA}} |- ! scope="row" | "My Darlin '" | - | rowspan="2" | ''Uhie'' |- ! scope="row" | "Uwe Africa"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(na-egosi Don Jazzy )</small> | 2015 | - |- ! scope="row" | "Lova Lova"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(na-egosi Duncan Mighty )</small> | 2018 | - |{{n/a|TBA}} |- ! scope="row" | "Ntị" | 2019 | 1 | rowspan="4" | ''Celia'' |- ! scope="row" | "Danhụnanya dị egwu" | rowspan="3" | 2020 | - |- ! scope="row" | "Koroba" | - |- ! scope="row" | "Ọnwụnwa"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(ya na Sam Smith )</small> | - |} === Dị ka omenka egosipụtara === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta ndị otu dị ka onye egosipụtara omenka, n'usoro ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Aha ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Afọ ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Ọnọdụ eserese kachasị elu ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:12em;" | Asambodo ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | NGR ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | RSA |- ! scope="row" | "Beremole" <ref>{{Cite web|title=PREMIERE: Adey – Beremole ft Tiwa Savage|url=http://notjustok.com/2012/02/11/premiere-adey-beremole-ft-tiwa-savage/|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=11 February 2012|date=28 November 2013|archivedate=13 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213092421/http://www.notjustok.com/2012/02/11/premiere-adey-beremole-ft-tiwa-savage/}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Adey na-egosi Tiwa Savage)</span> | rowspan="3" | 2012 | - | - ||{{n/a|TBA}} |- ! scope="row" | " Oyi Remix " <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Video: Flavour – Oyi [Remix] ft. Tiwa Savage|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2012/02/17/new-video-flavour-oyi-remix-ft-tiwa-savage/|publisher=|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=17 February 2012|archivedate=2 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202002409/http://www.jaguda.com/2012/02/17/new-video-flavour-oyi-remix-ft-tiwa-savage/}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Flavour N'abania featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | - | - | | ''Weliri'' |- ! scope="row" | "Darlin" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Stan Iyke – Darlin ft Tiwa Savage|url=http://tooxclusive.com/2012/08/07/stan-iyke-darlin-ft-tiwa-savage/|publisher=Tooxclusive|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=7 August 2012|archivedate=3 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203071307/http://tooxclusive.com/2012/08/07/stan-iyke-darlin-ft-tiwa-savage/}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Stan Iyke na-egosi Tiwa Savage)</span> | - | - ||rowspan="2" {{n/a|TBA}} |- ! scope="row" | "Chineke Zitere" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jaywon – Madantin - God Sent ft Tiwa Savage|url=http://tooxclusive.com/2013/06/06/jaywon-madantin-god-sent-ft-tiwa-savage/|publisher=Tooxclusive|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=6 June 2013|archivedate=3 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203080055/http://tooxclusive.com/2013/06/06/jaywon-madantin-god-sent-ft-tiwa-savage/}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( [[Jaywon]] featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | rowspan="2" | 2013 | - | - | |- ! scope="row" | "Dinhụnanya nkịtị" <ref>{{Cite web|title="Ordinary Love"! African Music Stars Sarkodie & Tiwa Savage Dish to Ameyaw Debrah About Their Upcoming Projects|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/06/06/ordinary-love-african-music-stars-sarkodie-tiwa-savage-dish-to-ameyaw-debrah-about-their-upcoming-projects/|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Sarkodie featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | - | - | | ''Ọmụmaatụ'' |- ! scope="row" | "Girlie O (Remix)" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/19/bn-music-premiere-patoranking-feat-tiwa-savage-girlie-o-remix/|title=BN Music Premiere: Patoranking Feat. Tiwa Savage – Girlie 'O' (Remix)|publisher=Bellanaija|date=19 May 2014|accessdate=28 May 2014}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( [[Patoranking]] featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | 2014 | - | - ||{{n/a|TBA}} |- ! scope="row" | " Mụ na Gị "<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Emtee featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | 2017 | 17 | 4 | * RSA : Ọlaedo | ''Manando'' |} === Sịngụl ndị akwadoro === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta ndị otu nkwado, yana nkọwapụta ahọpụtara ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Aha ! scope="col" | Afọ ! scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="row" | "Ka Anyị Bido Nzọụkwụ Otu a"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ya na [[Wizkid]], 2 Face Idibia, D'banj, na MI )</span> | rowspan="2" | 2012 | rowspan="3" | Abụghị egwu otu |- ! scope="row" | "Oyi (Tiwa Savage remix)" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tiwa Savage – OYI (Tiwa Remix)|url=http://notjustok.com/2012/07/19/tiwa-savage-oyi-tiwa-remix/|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=8 October 2013|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620111735/http://notjustok.com/2012/07/19/tiwa-savage-oyi-tiwa-remix/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tiwa Savage – Oyi [Remix]|url=http://tooxclusive.com/2012/07/19/tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/|publisher=Tooxlcusive|accessdate=8 October 2013|archivedate=27 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227062422/http://tooxclusive.com/2012/07/19/tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Tụgharịa ya" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/reekado-banks-ft-tiwa-savage-turn-it-up/|title=Reekado Banks ft Tiwa Savage – Turn It Up|publisher=African Muzik Magazine|accessdate=27 February 2014|archivedate=8 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408080314/http://africanmuzikmag.com/reekado-banks-ft-tiwa-savage-turn-it-up/}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Reekado Banks featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | rowspan="2" | 2014 |- ! scope="row" | " Dorobucci " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/music-review-dorobucci-could-have-been-better-dbanj|title=MUSIC REVIEW: 'Dorobucci' Could Have Been Better With D'Banj|publisher=Daily Times of Nigeria|accessdate=28 May 2014|archivedate=29 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129115537/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/music-review-dorobucci-could-have-been-better-dbanj}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ya na Don Jazzy, [[Dr SID]], D'Prince, Reekado Banks, Korede Bello na Di'ja )</span> |{{n/a|TBA}} |} == Ọbịa egosipụtara == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke egwu na-abụghị otu nke egosipụtara ọbịa, na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ngosi, na-egosi afọ ewepụtara ya na aha albọm ! scope="col" style="width:21.5em;" | Aha ! scope="col" | Afọ ! scope="col" | Ọzọ artist (s) ! scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="row" | "Mee Ka M Si Mee" <ref>{{Cite web|title=P-Square – Do As I do ft. Tiwa Savage & MayD|url=http://tooxclusive.com/2011/09/26/p-square-%E2%80%93-do-as-i-do-ft-tiwa-savage-mayd/|publisher=Tooxclusive|accessdate=|date=26 September 2013|archivedate=11 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111183717/http://tooxclusive.com/2011/09/26/p-square-%e2%80%93-do-as-i-do-ft-tiwa-savage-mayd/}}</ref> | 2011 | [[P-Square]], Mee D. | ''Mwakpo ahụ'' |- ! scope="row" | "Ife" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ife (feat. Tiwa Savage)|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Ife-feat-Tiwa-Savage/dp/B00AC9SA3S|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=16 November 2012}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | 2012 | D'Prince | ''Ime ara ara'' |- ! scope="row" | "International Obodo" | Olamide | ''YBNL'' |- ! scope="row" | "Mmadu" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Get Familiar: Iyanya – Somebody ft Tiwa Savage|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/02/get-familiar-iyanya-somebody-ft-tiwa-savage/|publisher=360nobs|accessdate=4 February 2013|date=28 November 2013|archivedate=6 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206211036/http://www.360nobs.com/2013/02/get-familiar-iyanya-somebody-ft-tiwa-savage/}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | 2013 | Iyanya | ''Ọchịchọ'' |- ! scope="row" | "Onye" <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Music: Waje – Onye Ft. Tiwa Savage + Only You Ft. M.I|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/05/02/new-music-waje-onye-ft-tiwa-savage/|publisher=Jaguda|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=2 May 2013|archivedate=30 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130121639/http://www.jaguda.com/2013/05/02/new-music-waje-onye-ft-tiwa-savage/}}</ref> | Waje | ''WAJE (Okwu Adighi Ezuru)'' |} == Ngosipụta nke obere oge == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke n'abụghị singe n'egosipụta obere oge, yana ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ngosi, na-egosi afọ eweepụtara na aha albọm ! scope="col" style="width:21.5em;" | Aha ! scope="col" | Afọ ! scope="col" | Ọzọ artist (s) ! scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="row" | " Pakurumo " | 2011 | Wizkid | ''Superstar'' |} == Egwu Vidio == Dịka isi Omenka {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+Ndepụta nke egwu Vidio dị ka onye onye isi nka,na-egosi ụbọchị ewepụtara na ndị isi ! scope="col" style="width:21.5em;" | Aha ! scope="col" | Releasebọchị ntọhapụ vidiyo ! scope="col" style="width:19em;" | Onye isi (s) ! scope="col" | Ref |- ! scope="row" | "Kele Kele "hụnanya" | Nọvemba 4, 2010 | Jerry Chan | <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Video: Tiwa Savage – Kele Kele Love|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/11/05/new-video-tiwa-savage-kele-kele-love/|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=5 November 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Hụrụ m n'anya (3x)" | Ọnwa iri 10, 2011 | Sesan | <ref>{{Cite web|title=VIDEO PREMIERE: Tiwa Savage – Love Me, Love Me, Love Me|url=http://notjustok.com/2011/10/10/video-premiere-tiwa-savage-love-me-love-me-love-me/|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=10 October 2011}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Ka Anyị Bido Nzọụkwụ Otu a"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Wizkid, 2 Face Idibia, D'banj, na MI)</span> | Ọnwa Itolu 28, 2012 | Clarence Peters | <ref>{{Cite web|title=TUFACE, WIZKID, TIWA, M.I. DBANJ – Lets get the party started – Music Video|url=http://www.nollywoodwatch.com/tuface-wizkid-tiwa-m-i-dbanj-lets-get-the-party-started/|publisher=Nollywoodwatch|accessdate=28 September 2013|archivedate=10 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210053339/http://www.nollywoodwatch.com/tuface-wizkid-tiwa-m-i-dbanj-lets-get-the-party-started/}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Ife Wa Gbona"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(na-egosi Leo Wonder)</span> | Ọnwa iri 8, 2012 | Bolaji Kekere-Ekun | <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Video: Tiwa Savage Feat. Leo Wonder – Ife Wa Gbona|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/10/09/new-video-tiwa-savage-feat-leo-wonder/|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=9 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Na-enweghị obi m"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(na-egosi Don Jazzy)</span> | Machị 11, 2013 | Iheanacho Hofmeyr | <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Video: Tiwa Savage featuring Don Jazzy in ‘Without my heart’ (WATCH)|url=http://www.ynaija.com/new-video-tiwa-savage-featuring-don-jazzy-in-without-my-heart-watch/|publisher=YNaija|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=11 March 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Olorun Mi" | Ọnwa Isii 3, 2013 | George Guise | <ref>{{Cite web|title=VIDEO: Tiwa Savage – Olorun Mi|url=http://notjustok.com/2013/06/03/video-tiwa-savage-olorun-mi/|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=3 June 2013|archivedate=28 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828065114/http://notjustok.com/2013/06/03/video-tiwa-savage-olorun-mi/}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Eminado"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(na-egosi Don Jazzy)</span> | Nọvemba 4, 2013 | [[Clarence Peters]] | rowspan="1" | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch ‘Eminado’, Tiwa Savage’s New Video Featuring Don Jazzy|url=http://afripopmag.com/2013/11/watch-eminado-tiwa-savages-new-video-featuring-don-jazzy/|publisher=AfriPOP!|accessdate=28 November 2013|archivedate=8 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408031609/http://afripopmag.com/2013/11/watch-eminado-tiwa-savages-new-video-featuring-don-jazzy/}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | " Achọrọ " | Ọnwa Ise 27, 2014 | Moe Musa | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2014/05/28/tiwa-savages-raunchy-video-wanted-sparks-controversy/|title=Tiwa Savage’s raunchy video for ‘Wanted’ sparks controversy|publisher=Daily Post Nigeria|date=28 May 2014|accessdate=28 May 2014}}</ref> |} === Dị ka Omenka egosipụtara === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+Ndepụta nke egwu vidiyo dị ka onye egosipụtara,ụbọchị ewepụtara na ndị isi ! scope="col" style="width:21.5em;" | Aha ! scope="col" | Releasebọchị ntọhapụ vidiyo ! scope="col" style="width:19em;" | Onye isi (s) ! scope="col" | Ref |- ! scope="row" | "Oyi Remix"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Flavour N'abania featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | Abụọ 18, 2012 | Chukwu Emeka | <ref>{{Cite web|title=VIDEO: Flavour ft Tiwa Savage – OYI (Remix)|url=http://notjustok.com/2012/02/17/video-flavour-ft-tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/|publisher=Notjustok|accessdate=28 November 2013|date=17 February 2012|archivedate=19 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119180316/http://notjustok.com/2012/02/17/video-flavour-ft-tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Girlie O (Remix)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Patoranking featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> | Ọnwa Ise 20, 2014 | Moe Musa | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2014/05/22/patoranking-drops-girlie-o-remix-with-tiwa-savage/|title=Patoranking drops "Girlie O" remix with Tiwa Savage.|publisher=Hip Hop World Magazine|accessdate=28 May 2014|archivedate=20 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920071319/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2014/05/22/patoranking-drops-girlie-o-remix-with-tiwa-savage/}}</ref> |} == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} ctrmyvxf00utb2719x653ehp1gav0w4 0 10300 728246 196841 2026-09-26T15:53:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Onwuka Kalu''' (Mee 24, 1954 na Abiriba, Abia State, Naijiria ruo 23 Febrụwarị 2015 na Edgware, [[London]], England) <ref name="Forever">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forevermissed.com/chief-onwuka-kalu/#about|title=Chief Onwuka Kalu OFR Okpuzu Of Abiriba 1954 - 2015|publisher=ForeverMissed}}</ref> bụ onye ọchụnta ego si Naịjirịa hibere Onwuka Hi-Tek bụ ebe gbasara nrụpụta [[Abá|n'Aba]] nke e mechara kwuo na Nigeria Stock Exchang mechara dala azụ mgbe Kalu na gọọmentị Naịjirịa were nghọtaghị. Ọ bụ onye nkwalite ihe arụpụtara na Naịjirịa ma na akwado ngwaahịa arụpụtara na Aba ma bụrụkwa onye so na n'iwu ngalaba Fidelity Union Merchant Bank . <ref name="John"/> == Ndụ == A mụrụ Kalu na [[Abiriba]], [[Ȯra Abia|Abia State]] <ref name="Forever"/> nye nne na nna nwere ezigbo ego. Ọ malitere ọrụ na otu Chika Group nke West Africa na Togo na Benin Republic o sitere na ebe a mepụta nkà Azụmahịa ya. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ebumnuche ahịa na-elekwasị anya na mbubata ngwaahịa dịka uwe eyierala ma Kalu malitere dị ka nwa ụlọ tupu ọ ghọọ odeakwụkwọ ma mesịa na-achịkwa nkewa mbubata. O hiwekwara ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, bụ Onwuka Interbiz site na obere mkpachata ego si na n'ọrụ ya iji zụọ ahịa textiles ndị [[Japan]]. N’afọ 1977, ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa hiwe ụlọ ọrụ, Nails na General Steel Manufacturing Industry Ltd iji mepụta ntu. Ọ gbakwunyere mmepụta skriu, bolt na babụ waya na ndepụta njirimara nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Mgbe ike gwuwara igwe ọrụ eji arụpụta ntụ, ọ tụgharịrị wee bàa nrụpụta ngwa "auto spare parts <ref name="forrest">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30355123|title=The advance of African capital : the growth of Nigerian private enterprise|publisher=University Press of Virginia}}</ref> yiri ngwaahịa ndị dịlarị n'ahịa. <ref name="John"/> Iji kwalite ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma gbaa ụlọ ọrụ obodo ume, ọ haziri ngosi azụmahịa/ngwaahịa emepụtara na Naijirịa n'Aba na 1982 nke Onye isi ala oge ahụ bụ Shehu Shagari meghere. O hiwere usoro maka ịkwado ngwaahịa ndị a na-emepụta n'obodo ma mesịa bipụta akwụkwọ na 1986 nke akpọrọ ''The Challenge of Industrialization in Nigeria'' . Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere mmekọrịta azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche dị ka Lever Brothers, UAC na Peugoet na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ nọ n'ala anyị. Na 1991, e debara aha Onwuka Hi-Tek n’ihu ọha nke stok eschenj. === Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === Kalu bụ onye otu nnọkọ omebe iwu nke 1988 nke tụlere banyere usoro gọọmentị nke Third Republic . Mgbe ahụ ọ bụrụ onye ndu ndị otu Liberal Convention mana Onye isi ala Babangida machibidoro mkpakọrịta ahụ na 1990. Kalu mechara hapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Kalu malitere ntọala ụmụaka iji metuta nsogbu nke ọtụtụ ụmụaka ndị nsogbu na ọrịa enwere ike igbochi metụtara. Ntọala ahụ haziri ihe nkiri ebere ụmụaka Afrika nke nwere ndị na-eme egwuregwu dịka Dionne Warwick, Kool na Gang, Ọnwụnwa na Miriam Makeba na- eme. <ref>PERSONALITIES. (1991, Nov 30). The Washington Post. Retrieved from Proquest</ref> Emere emume a ka ọ bụrụ mmemme ụbọchị atọ ma ndị ọbịa gụnyere Augustus Aikhomu na General [[Ibrahim Babangida]]. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/concert-to-help-africa-s-children/article_436a3d05-4904-5da0-954c-b4dfb04e2c01.html|title=Concert to help Africa's children|date=November 29, 1991|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126193927/https://tulsaworld.com/news/concert-to-help-africa-s-children/article_436a3d05-4904-5da0-954c-b4dfb04e2c01.html|archive-date=January 26, 2025|access-date=December 1, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, mmemmé ahụ enwetaghị ego zuru oke nke mmachi ngagharị maka usoro ngụkọta ọnụ mba metụtara, <ref name="John">{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200405270170.html|title=Onwuka Kalu: the Blacksmith At 50}}</ref> tiketi ịdị oke ọnụ mekwara ka ọtụtụ ndị hapụ ịbịa ,ebe ndị n'eme ihe ngosi mere ngosi n'ọgbọ egwuregwu nke ọkara jupụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/olufemi-e-segun/saving-the-children-of-africa/157647384251383/|title=SAVING THE CHILDREN OF AFRICA {{!}} Facebook|last=Segun|first=Olufemi|date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> Ka emechara nkagbu nke ntuli aka June 12 na Naijiria, site n’ọrụ ya na National Democratic Coalition (NADECO), Kalu laghachiri n’ime èbùmnúchè ọha dika onye na-akwado nlaghachi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n’oge ọchịchị nke [[Sani Abacha]] . E jidere ya na Olu Falae <ref name="John"/> wee tụọ ya mkpọrọ otu afọ tupu ọ gbalaga biri na mba ọzọ, n'agbanyeghị na anya ya adịghị. Na mba ọzọ, ọ nwetara nzere iwu. Kalu laghachiri Naịjirịa n'oge nke anọ nke Republic, na 2003, ma zọọ ọkwa gọvanọ Abia Steeti n'otu ndọrọ ndọrọ APGA. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201510120328.html|title=Onwuka Kalu and His Legacie|date=October 11, 2015|work=Thisday (Lagos)}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Kalu nwụrụ site na acute myeloid leukemia n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ nke ọnwa Febụwaarị , 2015 na ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Edgware, London. <ref name="Forever"/> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Fidelity Bank Founder Onwuka Kalu (Okpuzu) of Onwuka HiTek fame is dead|publisher=NewsExpress Nigeria|url=https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=9788&title=Fidelity-Bank-Founder-Onwuka-Kalu-(Okpuzu)-of-Onwuka-HiTek-fame-is-dead}}</ref> == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} 0cszxk50aa87xrl4qkjl13cyt4ruqrr 0 10314 728245 724767 2026-09-26T15:52:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Onome Ebi''' bụ onye [[Naijiria|na]] - agbachitere bọọlụ Naịjirịa na- agbara Henan Jianye bọọlụ ugbu a n'asọmpị iko ndị inyom China na ndị otu Naịjirịa, Super Falcons. Na 2019 ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Afrịka nke mbụ gbara bọọlụ na ndorondoro ise nke FIFA World cups. == Ọrụ klọb == Ọ gbara bọọlụ Bayelsa Queens FC na asọmpi ụmụnwaanyị nke Naịjirịa tupu ọ kwaga Piteå IF na Djurgårdens IF na [[Sweden|Sweden na]] Damallsvenskan . Ebi kwuru "Enwere m obi ụtọ ịnọ na Turkey n'ihi ihu igwe dị mma. Ga Sweden bụ egwuregwu bọọlụ dị iche, ebe ihu igwe jụrụ oyi mere ka o siere m ike ịgba bọọlụ nke ọma. Dị onye na-amu amu nke Njikọ Swedish mere m ka m malite a laghachi Turkey maka Ataşehir Belediyespor FC na Njikọ Mbụ . " <ref name="newtelegraph"/> Ọ na-egwuri egwu maka ndị [[Turkéy|Turkish]] Düvenciler Lisesispor na Ataşehir Belediyespor na Njikọ Mbụ . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Super Falcons' Onome Ebi wins Turkish league title|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/06/14/3174534/super-falcons-onome-ebi-wins-turkish-league-title|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=14 June 2012}}</ref> O mere ya njiko onye mmeri nke mbụ na ọgust afọ 2012 mgbe ọ na-egwu Ataşehir Belediyespor. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Onome Ebi|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250031287/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=10 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526154729/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250031287/profile/index.html|archive-date=26 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri na Sweden Damallsvenskan na 2013 ka ogwuro ndi Sunnanå SK tupu ọ gaa [[Belarus]] igwuregwu maka FC Minsk na njiko Belarusian Premier . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4110/nigerians-abroad/2015/04/18/10879022/nigerian-trio-help-fk-minsk-win-belarus-women-super-cup|title=Nigerian trio help FK Minsk win Belarus Women Super Cup|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ bụ onye otu ndị otu meriri njiko Premier nke Belarus, iko ụmụ nwanyị Belarus na Super Cup nke Belarusia ugboro abụọ. <ref name="newtelegraph"/> N'egwuregwu bọọlụ na asọmpi mba ụwa, Ebi n'agba dị ka ọnụọgụ ise na otu n'ihi mkpa ọ dị maka ya. Mgbe ọ bịarutere Minsk, akara jersey ahụ, ya mere ọ rịọrọ maka ọnụọgụ iri ise na isekama. <ref name="newtelegraph">{{Cite news|title=Onome Ebi: No Regrets Dropping Out Of School To Play Soccer|url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/onome-ebi-no-regrets-dropping-school-play-soccer/|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=New Telegraph|date=24 April 2016}}</ref> Ọ na-egwu egwu ugbu a na ngalaba nke abụọ nke China bụ Henan Huishang, ebe ọ bịanyere aka n'afọ 2018. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ebi bụ onye otu mba na naijiria. na abali isii n'onwa Jụlai afọ 2019, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ Afrịka n'agba bọọlụ nke ọgugu ise <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/nigerias-onome-ebi-makes-african-history-with-fifth-womens-world-/1ufj402t0guw91uzvkl7kvrkft|title=Nigeria's Onome Ebi makes African history with fifth Women's World Cup appearance {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|accessdate=2019-06-13}}</ref> ndorondoro nke FIFA World Cup, na-ekere òkè dị na 2003, 2007, 2011 na 2015, 2019 mbipụta nke FIFA Women World Cup na 2008 Beijing Olimpik . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=190157/|title=FIFA player stats|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Games of the XXIX. Olympiad|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/ol2008f-women-det.html|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=18 September 2008}}</ref> Ebi bụkwa onye otu ndị otu egwuregwu Naịjirịa na 2008, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria/Ghana: 2008 African Women Championship – Super Falcons Begin Campaign Against Ghana Today|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200811180993.html|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=11 November 2008}}</ref> 2010, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Falcons go headlong for women’s title on SuperSport|url=http://www.bloemfonteincelticfc.co.za/articles.aspx?Id=382040|publisher=Bloemfontein Celtic|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=28 October 2010|archivedate=10 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510120106/http://www.bloemfonteincelticfc.co.za/articles.aspx?Id=382040}}</ref> 2012, 2014, 2016 na 2018 nke Afrika Women's Championship, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Falcons’ Onome Ebi joins other pros in camp|url=http://m.news24.com.ng/nigeria/Sport/Football/Falcons-Onome-Ebi-joins-other-pros-in-camp-20121016|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=16 October 2012|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111063620/http://m.news24.com.ng/nigeria/Sport/Football/Falcons-Onome-Ebi-joins-other-pros-in-camp-20121016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Minsk Release Esther Sunday & Onome Ebi for AWC|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2014/09/29/5142661/minsk-release-esther-sunday-onome-ebi-for-awc|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=29 September 2014}}</ref> meriri asọmpi ahụ ugboro anọ 2010, 2014 ) 2016 na 2018 . <ref>{{Cite news|title=African International Competitions|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/9049468.stm|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria reclaim African women's title|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29739296|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=25 October 2014}}</ref> == Ukpono == === Klọb === ; Ataşehir Belediyespor * Ndi Nwanyi Nwanyi Turkish nke mbu (2): 2011–12, 2012–13 * Belarusian Premier League (1): 2014 * Iko ndi Belarusia (1): 2014 * Nnukwu iko nke ụmụ nwanyị Belarus (2): 2014, 2015 === mba === ; Naijiria * Egwuregwu Ndị Nwanyi Africa (4): 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018 Ebe nke anọ: 2012 '''Onyinye Ndi Onwe''' * NFF-Aiteo Nwanyị Player Of The Year: 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/onome-ebi-wins-2018-nff-womens-player-of-the-year-award/16izczr91zruh126hu8nb7kf7j|title=Onome Ebi wins 2018 NFF Women's Player of the Year award {{!}} Goal.com|last=Correspondent|language=en}}</ref> == Ebe m si nwete == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Onome Ebi – FIFA competition record * Onome Ebi – UEFA competition record * Onome Ebi at SvFF (in Swedish) * Onome Ebi at Soccerway [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8xabbi75630quhdf5loy6137j3ijmv1 0 10326 728443 724777 2026-09-27T09:15:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Uju Ugoka''' (amụrụ na 24 Mee afọ 1993) bụ onye ọgba bọọlụ basketball nke '''Naịjirịa na-agbara''' La Roche Vendée Basket Club na ndị otu egwuregwu Naịjirịa . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/eurocupwomen/19-20/player/Uju-Ugoka}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2019/player/Uju-Ugoka}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ basketball maka ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị basketball nke Virginia Tech Hokies . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Uju Ugoka turning hope into reality|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/athletes-life/story/_/id/10296843/hokie-uju-ugoka-living-life-long-dream-espnw}}</ref> == Ọrụ kọleji == Ugoka kwagara na United Steeti mgbe enyochachara ya na Olileanya maka ogige ụmụ agbọghọ basketball nke Mobolaji Akiode haziri . Ọ gụrụ afọ ọhụrụ ya na Grayson County College tupu mgbe agbamakwụkwọ basketball nke Mahadum kwụsịrị na 2011, akpọrọ ya aha na NJCAA ukpono amerịka nile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UJU UGOKA TURNING HOPE INTO REALITY|url=http://hope4girlsafrica.org/news/uju-ugoka/|accessdate=2020-12-04|archivedate=2023-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922145942/http://hope4girlsafrica.org/news/uju-ugoka/}}</ref> Ọ kwagara Gulf Coast State College Commodores na afọ nke abụọ ya, ọ na-atụle 16.69 isi, 8.79 rebounds na 0.93 na-enyere aka. O nwetara nzuko ọkpụkpọ nke afọ na-asọpụrụ na ndị otu mbụ NJCAA niile-America nsọpụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=WOMEN'S BASKETBALL|url=https://www.njcaa.org/sports/wbkb/2011-12/div1/teams/GulfCoastStateCollege/players/UjuUgoka.html}}</ref> e zigara ya na Virginia Tech Hokies basketball nke ụmụ nwanyị na 2012 maka afọ obere na nke okenye, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Alyssa Thomas scores 26 points, adds 18 boards in Maryland rout|url=https://www.espn.com/womens-college-basketball/recap?gameId=330130259}}</ref> N'afọ nke obere ya, o jiri akara 12.5 mee ihe. na 8.5 rebound. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UJU UGOKA|url=https://hokiesports.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/uju-ugoka/5896}}</ref> Na afọ nke okenye ya, o jiri akara 18.4, 9.6 rebound na 1.2 na-enyere aka egwuregwu ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/ncaaw/players/36555/|accessdate=2020-12-04|archivedate=2024-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325062826/https://sports.yahoo.com/ncaaw/players/36555/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Uju Ugoka turning hope into reality|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/athletes-life/story/_/id/10296843/hokie-uju-ugoka-living-life-long-dream-espnw}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ugoka malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Italian Serie A n'akụkụ Pallacanestro Vigarano na oge 2014-15, ọ na-enye isi 18.2, 11.4 rebounds na 1.7 na-enyere aka egwuregwu ọ bụla. Ọ na-egwuri egwu maka ndị basketball na mbụ na Naijiria n'afọ 2015, ọ kwagara n'akụkụ Basket Parma nke italian na 2015, bụ ebe ọ na-enweta isi iri na isii, 14.1 rebounds na 1.8 na-enyere aka egwuregwu ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka basketball profile|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Uju-Ugoka/Roche-Vendee-BC/203146}}</ref> Ọ kwagara na Polish n'akụkụ AZS-UMCS Lublin na oge 2016-17, ọ na-eji akara 12.6, 9.9 rebounds na 1.4 enyere maka egwuregwu ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pszczolka Polski-Cukier AZS-UMCS Lublin 2016-17 Roster|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/team/Poland/Pszczolka-Polski-Cukier-AZS-UMCS-Lublin/7591?Year=2016-2017}}</ref> Na oge 2017-18 na Poland, ọ gbara akara 15,6, 10.8 rebounds na 1 nyere maka egwuregwu ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pszczolka Polski-Cukier AZS-UMCS Lublin 2017-18 Roster|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/team/Poland/Pszczolka-AZS-UMCS-Lublin/7591?Year=2017-2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka basketball profile|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Uju-Ugoka/Roche-Vendee-BC/203146}}</ref> Ọ kwagara na Ligue Féminine de Basketball n'akụkụ La Roche Vendée Basket Club na J 2018, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka (ex AZS UMCS) is a newcomer at Roche|url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Nigeria/news/535820/Uju-Ugoka-}}</ref> Na oge 2018-19, o nyere isi 12.6, 6.6 rebound na 0.9 nyere aka maka egwuregwu ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ROCHE VENDÉE B.C. ROSTER|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/team/449/roche-vendee-b-c/2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/179149/uju-ugoka}}</ref> == Ọrụ otu mba == === Otu egwuregwu nke obere === Ugoka nọchitere anya Naịjirịa na afọ 2008 FIBA asompi onye mmeri nke ụmụ nwanyi nke afrịka nọ na okpụrụ iri na asatọ ebe ọ gbaruru isi atọ na atọ rebound. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka's profile|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/pid2//sid/6544/tid/340/tid2//_/2008_FIBA_Africa_U18_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|access-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618005927/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/pid2/sid/6544/tid/340/tid2/_/2008_FIBA_Africa_U18_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|archive-date=2016-06-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Otu ndị okenye === Ugoka nọchitere anya Naịjirịa na ntozu ntozu 2009 FIBA asọmpi onye mmeri nke afrịka maka ụmụ nwanyị, ebe ọ ritere ihe ruru asaa, nkwụghachi 3.2 na 0.5 nyere egwuregwu ọbụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka's profile|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/pid2//sid/7097/tid//tid2//_/2009_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Qualifying_Round/index.html|access-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618004856/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/pid2/sid/7097/tid/tid2/_/2009_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Qualifying_Round/index.html|archive-date=2016-06-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na afọ 2009 FIBA [[2009 FIBA Africa Championship maka Womenmụ nwanyị|asọmpi onye mmeri nke afrịka]] maka ụmụ nwanyị, ọ gbara akara 7.4, 5.1 rebound na 0.3 nyere aka maka egwuregwu ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka's profile 2009 FIBA Africa Champions Cup for Women|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/pid2//sid/7115/tid//tid2//_/2009_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|access-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618010955/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/pid2/sid/7115/tid/tid2/_/2009_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|archive-date=2016-06-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ugoka nọchitere anya otu ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2016 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament maka ụmụ nwaanyi na France, o nyere ihe ruru 5.5 rebound na 1 nyere aka egwuregwu ọbụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 FIBA Women 's Olympic Qualifying Tournament|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/sid/8085/tid/340/_/2016_FIBA_Women_s_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournament/index.html|access-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325063332/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/72220/sid/8085/tid/340/_/2016_FIBA_Women_s_Olympic_Qualifying_Tournament/index.html|archive-date=2024-03-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uju Ugoka|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/es/oqtwomen/2016/player/Uju-Ugoka}}</ref> == Ebe m si nwete == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] aom5jcul38n6f05ruc2bmzvzpc94vfm 0 10548 728237 723065 2026-09-26T14:56:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728237 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Ola Orekunrin 2.png|thumb|Ola Brown]] '''Olamide Brown''', née '''Orekunrin''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1986), bụ dọkịta na-ahụ maka ahụike na Britain, onye ọchụnta ego ahụike, na onye guzobere Flying Doctors Healthcare Investment Group na onye nduzi nke Greentree Investment Company . <ref name="guard">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/12/nigeria-air-ambulance-firm-healthcare|work=The Guardian|title=Nigeria's air ambulance firm is a leap forward for healthcare|author=Renni Edo-Lodge|date=September 12, 2014|accessdate=2 July 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-ola-orekunrin|title=DR. OLA OREKUNRIN Africa's high-flying doctor|work=Lionesses of Africa|date=19 January 2020}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greentreeinvestmentcompany.com/#team|title=Our Team|work=Greentree Investment Company}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://nairametrics.com/2018/07/16/greentree-investment-company-is-set-to-fund-promising-nigerian-startups/|title=VC Firm, GreenTree holds Pitch Day for over 20 promising Startups|work=Nairametrics|date=16 July 2018}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Brown na London, England. Ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na Hull York Medical School, mmemme jikọrọ aka nke Mahadum Hull na Mahadum York. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọgwụ siri ike na UK wee gaa n'ihu na-enweta agụmakwụkwọ MEXT nke Japan, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mext.go.jp/en/policy/education/highered/title02/detail02/sdetail02/1373897.htm|title=MEXT : STUDY in JAPAN|work=www.mext.go.jp}}</ref> bụ́ nke nyere ya ohere ịga n’ihu n’ihe ọmụmụ ya na Tokyo. Mkpakọrịta ahụ lekwasịrị anya na nyocha dabere na ụlọ nyocha nwere mkpụrụ ndụ sel pluripotent butere. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nzere Masters na ego na amụma akụ na ụba na Mahadum London, ma nweekwa asambodo na amụma akụ na ụba sitere na IE Business School, Spain. Na mgbakwunye, o nwere asambodo na ndekọ ego maka ime mkpebi site na Mahadum Michigan dị na United States. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Olamide|first=Orekunrin|title=Fixing Health Care in Nigeria|year=2018|location=Lagos|pages=5}}</ref> == Ọrụ ahụike == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Brown rụrụ ọrụ obere oge na Ọrụ Ahụike Mba UK. Site n'ọzụzụ ya n'ịgwọ ọrịa ụgbọ elu, ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụike mberede mbụ nke West Africa na-arụ na Lagos, Nigeria; Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Flying Doctors Nigeria Ltd.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/flying-doctors-boss-writes-book-on-fixing-healthcare-in-nigeria/|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|title=Flying doctors boss writes book on fixing healthcare in Nigeria|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu American College of Emergency Physicians, ma depụta ya n'etiti ndị isi 2013 Young Global site na World Economic Forum . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.younggloballeaders.org/community|work=World Economic Forum|title=Ola Orekunrin;Managing Director:The Flying Doctors}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/personalities/how-i-became-a-doctor-at-21-ola-orekunrin/|title=How I became a doctor at 21-Ola Orekunrin|accessdate=10 May 2014|work=[[The Punch]]|archive-date=4 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804191903/http://www.punchng.com/spice/personalities/how-i-became-a-doctor-at-21-ola-orekunrin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndị dọkịta Na-efe efe == Brown malitere ndị dọkịta na-efe efe mgbe ọ nwesịrị ọnwụ nwanne ya nwanyị ma kwuo na ọ chọrọ ịkwalite ọrụ ahụike na Nigeria;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/08/world/africa/ola-orekunrin-flying-doctors-nigeria/index.html|title=Flying doctor take to the skies to save lives|author=Teo Kermeliotis, for|work=CNN|date=8 April 2013|accessdate=2017-07-01}}</ref> o guzobere Flying Doctores na Lagos na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.konnectafrica.net/flying-doctors-founder-ola-orekunrin-just-keeps-soaring/|title=Flying doctors founder Ola Orekunrin just keeps soaring|work=Konnect Africa|date=28 March 2013|accessdate=10 May 2014|archivedate=23 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523130323/https://www.konnectafrica.net/flying-doctors-founder-ola-orekunrin-just-keeps-soaring/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowledgefountain.co.uk/flying-doctors-nigeria-interview-with-dr-ola-orekunrin/|author=Sember Azzez Harris|work=Knowledge Fountain|title=Flying Doctors Nigeria-Interview with Doctor Ola Orekunrin}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, ezinụlọ nke onye ọrịa nwụrụ anwụ Nabil Hanga guzobere ikpe nleghara anya megide Flying Doctors na Brown, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Family of the late Nabil Hanga alleges negligence, seeks justice in court {{!}} The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World NewsNigeria — The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|url=https://guardian.ng/news/family-of-the-late-nabil-hanga-alleges-negligence-seeks-justice-in-court/|accessdate=7 November 2020|date=12 October 2020}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ahụ mechara wepụ ikpe a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barristerng.com/family-withdraws-suit-against-flying-doctors/|title=Family Withdraws Suit against Flying Doctors|work=Barristerng|date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Flying Doctors na-ekwusi ike na Brown na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara nke atụmatụ, ahịa na itinye ego.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/10/29/flying-doctors-bags-iag-accreditation/|title=Flying Doctors bags IAG Accreditation|work=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref> == Ntinye ego na ego == N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2018, Brown, Olabode Agusto na [[Abasiama Idaresit]] guzobere ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ego na-akpọ Greentree Investment Company, nke na-enye ndị na-amalite teknụzụ n'Afrịka ego.<ref name="auto2" /><ref name="auto1" /> In 2019, she founded The Flying Doctors Healthcare Investment Company,  which operates air ambulance services and logistics. It is involved in hospital construction, diagnostics and equipment, health facility management, and pharmaceutical retail. It is involved with Koniku, a biotechnology firm and a drug manufacturing company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/1808040/nigeria-pharmacy-starup-lifestores-raises-1-million-seed-round/|title=Investors are backing a Nigerian pharmacy tech startup aiming to disrupt primary healthcare|first=Yomi|author=Kazeem|work=Quartz|date=25 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://disrupt-africa.com/2020/05/07/nigerian-startup-helium-health-secures-10m-series-a-round-to-expand-into-new-markets/|title=Nigerian startup Helium Health secures $10m Series A round to expand into new markets|date=May 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/igorbosilkovski/2020/05/07/meet-the-nigerian-entrepreneurs-who-just-raised-10-million-to-transform-africas-healthcare/|title=Meet The Nigerian Entrepreneurs Who Just Raised $10 Million To Transform Africa's Healthcare|first=Igor|author=Bosilkovski|work=Forbes}}</ref> N'oge oke ọrịa COVID-19 na Naịjirịa, Brown na ndị otu HealthCa ya malitere ụlọ nyocha COVID-19, nke belatara mkpa maka ihe nchebe onwe onye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://live-mit-legatum.pantheonsite.io/resources/how-a-startup-born-at-mit-built-a-covid-19-mass-testing-site-in-nigeria/|title=The Legatum Center at MIT - How A Startup Born At MIT Built A COVID-19 Mass Testing Site In Nigeria|accessdate=11 October 2021|archivedate=29 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111126/https://live-mit-legatum.pantheonsite.io/resources/how-a-startup-born-at-mit-built-a-covid-19-mass-testing-site-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/features/health/ogun-state-brings-innovation-to-the-fight-against-covid-19/|title=Ogun State brings innovation to the fight against COVID-19|date=April 24, 2020|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/06/09/flying-doctors-unveils-west-africas-first-isolation-pod/|title=Flying Doctors Unveils West Africa's First Isolation Pod|date=June 8, 2020|work=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/african-innovators-join-fight-against-covid-19|title=African innovators join the fight against COVID-19|work=WHO &#124; Regional Office for Africa|date=22 May 2023}}</ref> == Ọdịdị na mbipụta == She is a global speaker who has spoken in fora such as the World Economic Forum,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/ola-brown/|title=Feature: Agenda Contributor – Ola Brown|work=WeForum}}</ref> TED Global Conference,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p79YuWmvoxA/|title=Speed of Life - Ola Orekunrin|work=TEDGlobal Fellows 2012|date=26 February 2018}}</ref> the Social Media Week Lagos, the European Union, the Swiss Economic Forum, the [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]], the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge University and the Aspen Ideas Festival. Brown and her work have been featured on various media platforms. She is also an editor of the ''International Journal of Emergency Services'' and has published three books – ''EMQ's in Paediatrics'', ''Pre-Hospital Care for Africa'' and ''Fixing Healthcare in Nigeria;''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drolaorekunrinbrown.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Fixing-Nigeria-2.pdf|title=Fixing Nigeria Health care|work=Dr Ola Orekunrin Brown|accessdate=15 August 2020|archivedate=15 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215170820/http://www.drolaorekunrinbrown.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Fixing-Nigeria-2.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dr Ola New book{{!}}Fixing Nigeria Health care|work=Bella Naija|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/10/dr-ola-browns-new-book-is-a-must-read-for-every-nigerian-it-is-free-fixing-healthcare-in-nigeria/}}</ref> ''a Guide to Public Healthcare Policy''. She has written articles in the ''British Medical Journal:'' the ''Journal of Emergency Medical Services'', the ''Niger Delta Medical Journal'', ''The New York Times'' and ''The Huffington Post.'' <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Nsọpụrụ == * World Economic Forum (WEF) Young Global Leader.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Young African leaders|url=https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2013/03/world/young-african-leaders/|work=CNN|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-06-30}}</ref> * Forbes 20 Young Power Women In Africa 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/04/the-20-young-power-women-in-africa-2013/|title=The 20 Young Power Women In Africa 2013|first=Mfonobong|author=Nsehe|work=Forbes|access-date=2021-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202130228/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/04/the-20-young-power-women-in-africa-2013/|archive-date=2017-02-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Forbes Africa's 30 Under 30 maka 2015 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2015/06/12/africas-most-promising-young-entrepreneurs-forbes-africas-30-under-30-for-2015/#41f55c761de6|title=Fixing Nigeria Health care|work=Dr Ola Orekunrin Brown}}</ref> * YWomen - YNaija 100 Ndị inyom Kasị Mmetụta na Naijiria 2015 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.360nobs.com/2015/03/100-most-influential-women-in-nigeria-ywomen/|title=100 Most Influential Women In Nigeria – #YWomen}}</ref> * Silverbird Group Extraordinary Business Achievement Award, 2018 na Lagos, onye kachasị nta meriri ihe nrite a.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/dr-ola-orekunrin-brown-receives-silverbird-award.html|title=Dr. Ola Orekunrin-Brown receives Silverbird award|date=Feb 24, 2018|author=Opeyemi Kehinde|accessdate=June 20, 2018|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> * [[YNaija]] Business Power List 2020 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ynaija.com/dr-ola-brown-iyin-aboyeji-abubakar-sadiq-falalu-see-the-ynaijapowerlist2020-for-business/|title=Dr. Ola Brown, Iyin Aboyeji, Abubakar Sadiq Falalu...See the #YNaijaPowerList2020 for Business » YNaija|first=Omoleye|author=Omoruyi|date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> * Onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] nyere ya nsọpụrụ mba - Onye otu Order of the Federal Republic (MFR). <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-10-12|title=5 Nation-building requires sacrifice, Buhari tells 450 honourees|url=https://punchng.com/nation-building-requires-sacrifice-buhari-tells-450-honourees/|language=en|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> * Ndị Ntọala Africa Folder Ị Kwesịrị Ịmara na 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=15 African Female Founders You Should Know In 2023|url=https://africanfolder.com/15-african-female-founders-2023/|work=African Folder|date=10 March 2023|accessdate=12 March 2023}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9dro0tifiab2y0uox43rtds6ptzhpfg 0 10635 728301 723345 2026-09-26T19:57:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rabia Salihu Sa'id''' (a mụrụn'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1963) bụ onye dibia bekee nke Naịjirịra, bu prọfesọ ihe gbasara mbara igwe na ihu igwe, na onye nnyocha na Mahadum Bayero nke Kano Ọ na-eme nnyocha mbara igwe na ihu igwe, patịkụl fiziks, na ihe gbasara elektrọnik. Sa'id bụ onye nkwado na onye ndụmọdụ maka ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na sayensị na Visiola Foundation na Peace Corps ; o so hiwe Nigeria's Association of Women Physicists. Ọ bụ onye nkwado na onye ndụmọdụ nke sayensị, teknụzụ, injiniariịn, na mgbakọ na mwepụ (STEM) nakwa onye mmezi nke [[:en:British_Council|British Council]]'s Active Citizens' Programme. Sai'd enwetela onyinye ọrụ mmekọrịta sitere na Institute of Physics Applied na Bern,dị na Suwizalandị na Ford Foundation wee bụrụ onye otu African Scientific Institute (ASI). N'afọ 2015, ọ natara Elsevier Foundation Award for Women Scientists in the Developing World. <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite news|url=https://www.aaas.org/news/early-career-women-scientists-developing-countries-honored-aaas-annual-meeting|title=Early-Career Women Scientists From Developing Countries Honored at AAAS Annual Meeting|date=10 February 2015|work=AAAS - The World's Largest General Scientific Society|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref> Ndị British Council nyekwara ya onyinye nhubaama n'afọ 2015 maka ọrụ mwulite obodo ya. [[:en:BBC|BBC]] nyekwara ya onyinye nhubaama dịka akụkụ nke ihe omume usoro ''100 Women'' . == Ndụ onwe == A mụrụ Rabia Sa'id na Wangara, obodo dị na okpuru ọchịchị obodo [[Nkeji Ochíchííwu Kano|Gezawa nke Kano Steeie]], na mgbago ugwu [[Naijiria|Naịjiria]], <ref name="BUK">{{Cite news|url=https://buk.academia.edu/RABIASALIHUSAID|title=Rabia Salihu Sa'id|work=Bayero University|accessdate=1 December 2016}}</ref> ebe ụmụ agbọghọ nwere ohere agụmakwụkwọ ole na ole, ọtụtụ na-alụrụ di na nwunye mgbe ha dị afọ iri na ụma, a na-atụkwa anya na ụmụ nwanyị ga-anọ n'ụlọ. Kosiladị, nna ya chọrọ ka ọ bụrụ dọkịta. Ọ bụ onye otu ndị agha Naịjirịa nwere nwunye abụọ ma mụta ụmụ iri. <ref name="Bert">{{Cite web|author=Bert|first=Alison|title=5 women scientists tell their stories of hard-earned success|work=Elsevier Connect|publisher=Elsevier|date=23 February 2015|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/5-women-scientists-tell-their-stories-of-hard-earned-success|accessdate=11 December 2016}}</ref> Sa'id gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị agha ma bụrụ onye mdụ na klaasị ya. <ref name="Bert"/> Ọ họọrọ ịlụ di mgbe ọ dị afọ 18, ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleeji. Ọ bụ nne nye ụmụ isii. <ref name="NPR">{{Cite web|author=Venton|first=Danielle|title=Tough As Nails: Female Scientists Rise Up In Nigeria|date=17 February 2015|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/02/17/386549295/tough-as-nails-women-scientists-rise-up-in-nigeria|work=NPR|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> Ụmụ ya abụọ chọrọ nlekọta ahụike (otu n'ime ha bu ụkwụ gbara ngọ pụta ka a mụrụ ya, nke ọzọ bu ọrịọ́ sịkụl sel ka a mụrụ ya), nke gbakwunyere na ihe ịma aka nke ya onwe ya i nweta ogo mmụta agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. == Ọrụ == === Mmụta na mmalite ọrụ === Sa'id malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 29 were nwee ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ ya. O nwere akara ugo mmụta bachelọ na sayensị, nzere mastas na Ph.D na Fiziks nke ọ gụrụ na Mahadum Bayero dị na Kano . <ref name="Schemm">{{Cite web|author=Schemm|first=Ylann|title=Here are the winners of the Women in Science Elsevier Foundation Awards|date=10 February 2015|work=Elsevier Connect|publisher=Elsevier|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/women-in-physics-and-math-to-receive-elsevier-foundation-awards-at-aaas-meeting|accessdate=11 December 2016}}</ref> Na Septemba afọ 1999, ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere aka na nkuzi na Mahadum Bayero. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0306cj9|title=Nigerian Physicist sold her Jewellery for Science|work=Discovery|publisher=[[BBC World Service]]|author=Claudia Hammond|accessdate=1 December 2016|authorlink=Claudia Hammond}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, na agụmakwụkwọ n'efu International Fellowships Program (IFP) nke Ford Foundation, ọ gụrụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe n'ogo mastas na Madadum nke Reading na Yunaịted Kịndọm. <ref name="FF">{{Cite web|title=Getting Ahead Through Higher Education - Ford Foundation Fellowships - 2003-11-07|publisher=Voice of America|date=30 October 2009|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2003-11-07-44-getting/297631.html|accessdate=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220112731/http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2003-11-07-44-getting/297631.html|archive-date=2016-12-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="NA Ten Distinguished">{{Cite news|work=The Nigerian Academia|title=Ten Distinguished Nigerian Women In Science|date=21 October 2016|url=http://www.thenigerianacademia.com/2016/10/21/ten-distinguished-nigerian-women-in-science/|accessdate=12 December 2016|archive-date=17 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217221810/http://www.thenigerianacademia.com/2016/10/21/ten-distinguished-nigerian-women-in-science/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Onye nkuzi === Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'afọ 1999 na Mahadum Bayero <ref name="BBC"/> ma bụrụkwa prọfesọ ndị ogo bachelọ na ogo mmụta dị elu n'ihe gbasara ihe gbasara mbara igwe na ihu igwe. <ref name="Schemm"/> Site n'afọ 2015, ọ bụ onye na-esote Diin na ngalaba na-ahụ maka ụmụakwụkwọ nke Mahadum. <ref name="AAAS"/> === Nnyocha === Ọ natara ọkwa nnyocha na mahadum, ebe ọ na-eme nyocha mbara igwe na ihu igwe, patịkụl fiziks, na ihe gbasara elektrọnik. Ọ na-eme nnyocha ya iji dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke Naịjirịa. <ref name="Schemm"/> Iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi a na-egbutu maka nkụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu nnyocha e mere bụ iji obere iberibe osisi sitere n'ọrụ ịkwa osisi mee ihe dịka mmanụ ọkụ, were si otú a belata ọnụego nke oke ọhịa nke obodo. Ọ na-achịkọtakwa ahịrị gbasara mbara igwe ma na-amụ banyere mmetụta nke igbu osisi <ref name="NPR"/> na uzuzu erosọl na ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Ebumnuche ya bụ ị kwalite ndabere dị elu na Naijirịa n'ebe ike ọkụ ndị ọzọ e megharịrị ọhụrụ dịka ike ifufe, ike anyanwụ, na ike mmịrị - ndị na-anaghị emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi ahụ ka mmanụ ọkụ mma. <ref name="FF"/> <ref name="Bert"/> N'afọ 2010, ya na Dọkịta C. Matzler rụkọrọ ọrụ, bụ onye sayensị nke na-ahụ maka ihe omimi na mbara igwe, na Institute of Applied Physics, Mahadum nke Bern,dị na Suwizalandị dị ka onye nnyocha sayensị ọbịa ihe ruru ọnwa anọ. <ref name="NA Ten Distinguished"/> Na Jenụwarị afọ 2013, e mere ya African Scientific Institute (ASI) Fellow of Physics, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asi-org.net/fellows-in-physics/|title=Fellows in Physics|work=African Scientific Institute|accessdate=14 December 2016|archivedate=4 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804173530/http://asi-org.net/fellows-in-physics/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ligali.org/newsletter/nyansapo_07feb13.htm|title=African Scientific Institute|date=7 February 2013|work=Legali|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> nke bụ mkpakọrịta na-asọpụrụ ma na- eche echiche nke ndị mmụta, ndị nnyocha, na ndị ọchụnta ego. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asi-org.net/asi-fellows/|title=ASI Fellows|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi STEM === Sa'id na-arụ ọrụ na [[STIM|sayensị, teknụzụ, injiniarịn, na mgbakọ na mwepụ]] (STEM). O so na ndị hiwere Association of Women Physicists nke Naijirịa n'afọ 2011, nke na-agba ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha bụrụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na fiziks, na-achọ imeziwanye agụmakwụkwọ fiziks n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma na-enye ụmụ agbọghọ onyinye nturuugo. Sa'id gbakwara ndị ntorobịa ume isonye site na ịdụ ha ọdụ na mmemme sayensị obodo na nke mba, <ref name="Schemm"/> ọrụ efu Peace Corps Nigeria Alumni Foundation na Visiola Foundation. <ref name="NA Ten Distinguished"/> Ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mgbasa ozi STEM n'ihi na e nwere nrụgide otu na ihe mgbochi ụmụ agbọghọ, ọkachasị ndị nọ na mgbago ugwu Naijirịa, ga-emerịrị iji chụso agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ na mpaghara ndị a. Na mgbakwunye, "ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ na sayensị ga-apụta na azịza nke sayensị na-enye abụghị naanị maka mkpa otu ndị." <ref name="AA girls">{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201510080424.html|title=Nigeria: Girls Urged to Develop Confidence in Maths, Science|work=Daily Trust (Abuja)|first=Chidimma C.|author=Okeke|date=7 October 2015|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, e nwere nnukwu ekele maka ọrụ ebe e nwere ngwa bara uru, dịka ọrụ ụlọakụ na ọgwụ. <ref name="Covenant">{{Cite web|url=http://covenantuniversity.edu.ng/layout/set/print/News/Covenant-University-Hosts-2nd-National-Conference-of-Women-in-Physics|title=Covenant University Hosts 2nd National Conference of Women in Physics|work=Covenant University|date=17 June 2013|accessdate=14 December 2016|archivedate=20 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220132117/http://covenantuniversity.edu.ng/layout/set/print/News/Covenant-University-Hosts-2nd-National-Conference-of-Women-in-Physics}}</ref> === Onyinye mmata === N'afọ 2015 ọ bụ onye natara otu n'ime onyinye ise Elsevier Foundation maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ụwa na-emepe emepe. <ref name="Bert"/> E gosipụtara na mmekorita ya na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Women_in_Science_for_the_Developing_World" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World" class="cx-link" data-linkid="101">Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World</a> (OWSD) na The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), ihe nrite afọ ahụ bụ maka fiziks na mgbakọ na mwepụ, yana onyinye Sa'id na ngalaba nke fiziks nke mbara igwe. <ref name="Schemm"/> Ọ natara onyinye a maka oru ya banyere nsogbu gburugburu Naijirịa, nke e mere n'ụbọchị 14 ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2015 na nzukọ kwa afọ nke American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) na San Jose, dị na Kalifoniya. N’ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2015, onye ntaakụkọ BBC Claudia Hammond gbara Sa’id ajụjụ ọnụ maka otu ihe omume BBC World Service, <ref name="BBC"/> ma gosipụta ya na ihe omume usoro ụmụ nwaanyị 100 BBC na- eme kwa afọ, na-egosipụta mbọ ọ na-agba iji kwalite mmụta sayensị na Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/2015/newsspec_12497/content/english/index.html?v=0.1.21&hostid=www.bbc.com&hostUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-34745739&iframeUID=responsive-iframe-58024518&onbbcdomain=true#facewall_78|title=Who are the 100 women?|work=[[BBC]]|accessdate=1 December 2016}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ (2016) e gosipụtara ya na magazin ịntanetị ''The Nigerian Academia'' na ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria ndị a ma ama na sayensị. <ref name="NA Ten Distinguished"/> == Nkwado == Na mgbakwunye na ndụmọdụ ọ na-eme na Peace Corps na Visiola maka mgbasa ozi STEM, ọ bụ onye nhazi na [[:en:British_Council|British Council]] Active Citizens' Programme, bụ onye na-agba ndị na-eto eto ume ị zụlite usoro nkwukọrịta udo maka nkwado mmepe obodo ha. <ref name="NA Ten Distinguished"/> Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ itoolu a kwanyeere ugwu dịka "ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado na ndị mmeri" na Naịjirịa na Machị afọ 2015 dịka akụkụ nke <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women's_Day" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="International Women's Day" class="cx-link" data-linkid="114">International Women's Day</a> site n'aka ndị British Council na abụọ nke mmemme mmepe ya, Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (NSRP) na Justice for All (J4A) Programme. <ref>{{Cite web|title=International Women's Day: British Council To Honour Nine Women|publisher=International Centre for Investigative Reporting|date=7 March 2015|url=http://icirnigeria.org/international-womens-day-british-council-to-honour-nine-women/|accessdate=12 December 2016}}</ref> == Ihe e deturu == {{notelist}} == Ebe m si dee == {{reflist|30em}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == ; Nke Rabia Salihu Sa'id * {{cite web| url=https://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/programmes/society/governance-civil-society/active-citizens| title=Active Citizens| website=British Council| quote=<small>Comment: Describes the Active Citizens programme</small>| accessdate=2021-06-20| archivedate=2021-06-23| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623001915/https://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/programmes/society/governance-civil-society/active-citizens}} * {{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/opinions/466581/getting-more-girls-into-science-technology-engineering-courses|title=Getting More Girls Into Science, Technology, Engineering Courses|website=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|location=Nigeria|date=12 October 2015|accessdate=20 June 2021|archivedate=20 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220132541/http://leadership.ng/opinions/466581/getting-more-girls-into-science-technology-engineering-courses}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/how-encourage-girls-nigeria-study-science-maths |title=How to encourage girls in Nigeria to study science and maths |quote=<small>The article is to mark [[International Day of the Girl Child]].</small> |date=9 October 2015 |website=The British Council |accessdate=20 June 2021 |archivedate=24 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201951/https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/how-encourage-girls-nigeria-study-science-maths }} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] *[https://buk.academia.edu/RABIASALIHUSAID Rabia Salihu Sa'id], Bayero University in Kano fd3af805lqcrx2at4ecirgppbk2lg3e 0 10676 728363 214154 2026-09-27T01:24:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} </ref> == Mmalite ndu na mmuta == Amuru ya na abalị isii n’ime ọnwa Maachị nke afọ 1985 na [[Abuja]] Naijiria Mpaghara isi obodo gọọmenti mba ebe o biri ọtụtụ mmalite afọ Ya ọ bụ kwa onye Mpaghara gọọmenti ime obodo Alavi na [[Ȯra Kogi|Kogi Steeti]] Mpaghara etiti ugwu Naịjirịa Nna ya, Sịnetọ Mohammed Ohiare bụ onye bụ onye sịnetọ gara aga na-anọchite anya mpaghara ọchịchị etiti Kogi na nzuko ọgbakọ omeiwu nke Naịjirịa na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a maara nke ọma na steeti ahụ mere na o nyela aka nke ọma na mmepe nke ndị mmadụ na mpaghara ọchịchị etiti Kogi mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye omebe iwu ma mgbe emesịrị . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-15|author=Biu|first=Ibrahim|title=Senator Mohammed Ohiare|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/as-sen-ohiare-returns-to-the-trenches/|accessdate=2021-06-26|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en}}</ref> Sanusi nwere nzere bachelọ na akụnụba site na Mahadum Jos, Plateau steeti Naịjirịa n’agbata afọ 2002 na 2006. N'agbata 2009 na 2011, ọ gara na Mahadum nke Dundee, Scotland, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] , <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-20|title=Ohaire University of Dundee Alumni|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/study-in-the-uk-this-september-five-reasons-nigerians-choose-to-study-at-the-university-of-dundee/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Vanguard Media Limited}}</ref> ebe ọ natara Nzere Masta nke ogo sayensị na na mmụta ume, na iche iche na ume ego. Mgbe nke a gasiri, o nwetara nzere PhD na Mmepe ume ime obodo na Mahadum De Montfort, Leicester, United Kingdom, n'afọ 2015 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Tuleh|first=Simon|date=2021-04-14|title=Under 50 Leaders in Public Service|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/under-50-leaders-in-nigerias-public-service-in-2021/|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|accessdate=2021-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Muhammadu Buhari|Onyeisiala Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2017, dịka onye isi nchịkwa nke Ego Eletriki ime obodo na onye otu nọ na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ n'ahụ maka itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo nke Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/04/20/rural-electrification-agency-gets-new-board-executive-management/|title=Rural Electrification Agency Gets New Board, Executive Management|work=Channels Television|accessdate=2019-11-01}}</ref> Tupu a họpụta ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Ego itinye ọkụ ime obodo ya na Ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa German ( Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ), (GIZ) rụkọrọ ọrụ, dịka onye ndụmọdụ gbasara mba na itinye ọkụ ime obodo n’okpuru Mmemme nkwado ume nke Naịjirịa (NESP), nke European Union na Gọọmenti German kwadoro n'ego. N'ihe dị ka afọ iri na isii nwee ahụmịhe n'ime oghere itinye ọkụ ime obodo o webatara ahụmịhe ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Reporters|first=Emporium|title=Dr. Ohiare Sanusi: Bridging the gulf in Leadership By Abdullahi Haruna|url=https://emporiumreporters.com.ng/dr-ohiare-sanusi-bridging-the-gulf-in-leadership-by-abdullahi-haruna/|accessdate=2021-04-30|work=Emporium Reporters|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndị otu mkpakọrịta == Ọ bụ onye otu ndị otu ọkachamara dị icheiche na ndị otu dị iche iche dịka International Association of Energy Economics (IAEE), otu mba na-abụghị ndị ọrụ aka nke ndị ọkachamara nwere mmasi na akụnụba ume <ref>{{Cite web|title=About IAEEE|url=https://gpc.stanford.edu/publications/international-association-energy-economics-energy-forum-special-issue|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Stanford University|archivedate=2021-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604095552/https://gpc.stanford.edu/publications/international-association-energy-economics-energy-forum-special-issue}}</ref> yana isi obodo ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa gụnyere Otu Na-ahụ Maka akụnụba ume nke Naịjirịa (NAEE), Naịjiria <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-22|title=Nigeria Association of Energy Economics|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/tag/nigerian-association-of-energy-economics-naee/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Thisdaylive|archivedate=2021-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723043541/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/tag/nigerian-association-of-energy-economics-naee/}}</ref> Otu egwuregwu mmanụ Lagos Otu ndị injinia mmanụ ala (SPE), Ụlọ mmụta ume United Kingdom. <ref name=":0"/> na onye otu mmekọrịta [[Nelson Mandela|Mandela]] Washington maka Ndị ọchịchị Na-eto eto n'Africa, na Regents nke Mahadum California, Davis, [[California]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] . == Ọrụ enyemaka na ọrụ ikwu okwu == N'afọ 2019, ọ tọrọ ntọala nke Sanusi Ohiare Foundation maka ebumnuche inye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka aka ike [[Eluàlà|n'Africa]] site na agụmakwụkwọ, egwuregwu na itinye ọkụ ime obodo nke ọ na-erute na ndị n'enweghị enyemaka . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Omokhunu|first=Gbenga|date=2021-03-09|title=Sanusi Ohiare Visits Orphanage|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-needs-support-to-end-insecurity-say-ref-director-ohiare/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=The Nation Online Nigeria}}</ref> O gosiputala okwu ma burukwa onye isi okwu na ọtụtụ ihe banyere itinye ọkụ ime obodo tinyere ndi nzuko mba nke ano banyere ike (NACOP) na [[Ȯra Edo|steeti Edo]], <ref>{{Cite web|author=Daniel|first=Adeyemi|title=Sanusi on Cost of Electricity in Nigeria|date=2018-07-31|url=https://www.today.ng/business/energy/rea-nigerian-businesses-spend-estimated-trillion-annually-generators-137384|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=Today}}</ref> mkparita uka atumatu na Abuja <ref>{{Cite web|author=Wada|first=Gift|title=Sanusi Speaks on More Women Gaining Access to Electricity|date=2021-04-01|url=https://businessday.ng/agriculture/article/improving-womens-access-to-electricity-and-land-will-boost-agricultural-and-rural-productivity-says-experts/|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=BusinessDay, Nigeria}}</ref> na ihe omume ndi ozo iji kwalite itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo na Naịjirịa . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The 8th Annual NLPNGA Conference and Exhibition|url=http://nigerialpgas.com/conference/2016/index.html|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=Nigeria Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508191509/http://nigerialpgas.com/conference/2016/index.html|archive-date=2021-05-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mmezu ya == * O tinyela aka na ịkwado mmeghe nke itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo dị ka ekwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ n'afọ 2019 mgbe o kwuru na ihe dị ka enyela ezinụlọ puku iri anọ na atọ ọkụ eletrik site na ego ijeri naira abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ natara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-29|title=Ohaire on Effective Framework for Rural Electrification|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/01/29/ohiare-weve-created-good-framework-for-disbursing-ref/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Thisdaylive}}</ref> * Dika onye isi oche nke ego itinye ọkụ eletriki n'ime obodo nke Naijiria (REF) o n’edu ndi oru nke ndi oru na ndi otu ya iji hu na ekesara ọkụ eletrik n’otu n'otu n'obodo di iche iche site na onyinye elektrik ime obodo. Ime obodo Akpabom na [[Ȯra Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom Steeti]], obodo nke ihe dị ka mmadụ puku abụọ bụ ndị aka ọrụ ha bụ ịkọ nri na azụ bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị ga-erite uru mbụ site na ego ahụ nọ nkịtị tupu a họpụta ya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-09|title=Commissioning of Akpabom Community Electricity Project|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/09/akpabom-community-welcomes-electricity-as-fg-commissions-solar-mini-grid/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Thisdaylive}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-03|title=Akpabom Community Powered by REA|url=https://punchng.com/fgs-solar-power-plant-excites-akpabom-community/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Punch Nigeria}}</ref> == Mbipụta == * Ọ kwadoro ederede a kpọrọ ''Evolution of Rural Household Electricity Demand in Grid-Connected Communities in Developing Countries'' . * ''Inye ego Ihe Mgbaru Ume Ime Obodo na Mba Ndị Na-emepe emepe: Ihe Omume nke Naịjirịa nke Sanusi Mohammed Ohiare'' <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/10462/Final%20Edited%20PhD%20Thesis-Final%20Draft%20(Sanusi%20M.%20Ohiare).pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Financing Rural Energy Projects in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria|author=Ohiare|first=Sanusi|accessdate=2021-05-24|language=en}}</ref> * Inye ego oru ume ime obodo na China: Ihe omumu site na Naịjirịa Vol 3, No 4, 2021, ISSN 1923-4023 == Enọ na mmata == * N’afọ 2021, e bipụtara ya n’etiti ''ndị ọchịchị nọ n'okpuru afọ iri ise'' nke ọrụ bekee nke Naijiria tinyere onye isi njikwa na onye isi ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo Ahmad Salihijo Ahmad <ref name=":1"/> * ''Ndị ngwụcha ụwa- Onyinye Enọ Ọkachamara afọ 2021'' site n'aka British Council. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global finalists - Professional Achievement Award 2021 {{!}} British Council|url=https://study-uk.britishcouncil.org/alumni-awards/winners/2021/professional-achievement|accessdate=2021-04-30|work=study-uk.britishcouncil.org|language=en}}</ref> * ''Onye ọchịchị Ntorobịa nke afọ 2020'' Enọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ike, ume na mmiri mba Afrịka <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-06|title=Dr Sanusi Ohiare marks 36 years|url=https://www.nigeriannewssphere.com/newssphere/897031430/An-Ode-to-Dr.-Sanusi-Ohiare-at-36|accessdate=2021-06-17|work=Nigerian News Sphere|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723034624/https://www.nigeriannewssphere.com/newssphere/897031430/An-Ode-to-Dr.-Sanusi-Ohiare-at-36}}</ref> * Aha ọdịnala nke ''Akiliwo Ejeh'' nke pụtara (Ike nke Eze) nke Ejeh nke Olamaboro, Onye isi oche eze, Ujah Simeon Sani. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nda-Isaiah|first=Jonathan|title=Conferment of Traditional Title to Dr Ohiare|url=https://leadership.ng/buharis-aide-ohiare-conferred-with-traditional-title-in-igalaland/|accessdate=2021-06-17|work=Leadership Newspaper|date=4 April 2021|language=en|archivedate=2021-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204053/https://leadership.ng/buharis-aide-ohiare-conferred-with-traditional-title-in-igalaland/}}</ref> == Ebensidee ==  {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * [https://rea.gov.ng/sanusi-profile/Brief Nkọwapụta ọkwa nke Dr Sanusi Mohammed Ohaire: saịtị REA] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Naịjirịa]] qre2qojarx3u7tllw7bplvwf2ylf87n 0 10703 728242 92250 2026-09-26T15:41:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Omo-Love Branch''' (a mụrụ ụbọchị nke 10 n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1974) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa onye gbara bọọlụ dịka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa . O so n'òtù ahụ na mmalite iko ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa nke afọ 1991 nke FIFA yana iko ụmu nwanyị mba ụwa nke afọ 1995 nke FIFA . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/sweden1995/teams/team=1882893/players.html|title=FIFA Women's World Cup Sweden 1995 - Teams|accessdate=2007-09-28|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=1995|work=FIFA Women's World Cup Sweden 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024023624/http://fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D103/edition%3D4654/teams/index.html|archive-date=2007-10-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebemsidee == <references/> == Njikọ mpụga == * {{FIFA player|498}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ivm4ae7w3c9moo5qfvjh32qqvjvby8v 0 10704 728303 95591 2026-09-26T19:59:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rachael Yamala''' (a mụrụ n'ubochi12 n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afo 1975) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa onye gbara boolu di ka onye ọnọdụ etiti otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa . O so n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ iko mba ụwa nke umu nwanyi FIFA n'afọ1991. N'ọkwa klọb, ọ gbaara Kakanfo Babes.bọọlụ na Naịjiria. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/19/wwc_91_tr_part2_260.pdf|title=FIFA Women's World Cup China 1991 - Technical Report|accessdate=20 October 2016|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=1991|work=FIFA Women's World Cup China 1991|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227003624/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/19/wwc_91_tr_part2_260.pdf|archive-date=27 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebemsidee == <references/> == Njikọ mpụga == * {{FIFA player|509}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tgwd57mhgpwwsguehp6u5itwi2jwf2s 0 10725 728366 94475 2026-09-27T01:29:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sarah Ogoke''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị 25 n'onwa Juun afọ1990) bụ onye Naịjiria a muru na obodo Amerịka na-atụrụ ndi Celta de Vigo basketbọọlụ, mana ọ na-eme ihe egwuregwu na mbibi nye otu bọọlụ Mozambique, Ferrviario De Maputo na 2019 FIBA Africa Champion Cup (Women) nakwa [[:en:Nigeria_women's_national_basketball_team|Otu bọọlụ mba Naijirịa]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Sarah_Ogoke/pid//_//players.html |title=FIBA profile |access-date=2021-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412172222/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Sarah_Ogoke/pid//_//players.html |archive-date=2023-04-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> O sonyere na [[:en:2017_Women's_Afrobasket|2017 Women's Afrobasket]] na [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Women%27s_Afrobasket 2019 Women's Afrobasket]. Ogoke bụkwa onye otu egwuregwu basketbọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa, D'tigress, na iko basketbọọlụ mba ụwa ụmụ nwanyị nke FIBA n'afo 2018 na Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spen. == Ebemsidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *{{FIBA profile}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1jizy0sbd4p5xldbf0cw9x5z4le0occ 0 10766 728239 92338 2026-09-26T15:18:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oluchi Mercy Okorie (a mụrụ n'ụbochi iri abụọ na asato, n’ọnwa Ọgọstụ''' n’afọ 1981 na Legọsụ) bụ onye egwuruegwu boolu nkata na-asọmpị n’ime otu egwuregwu bọọlu nkata First Bank B.C na ndi otu egwuregwu bọọlu nkata mba Naijiria. Ọ nọchitere anya Naijiria n'afo 2005, 2006, na 2007 na [[:en:FIBA_Africa_Championship|FIBA Africa Championship]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oluchi Mercy Okorie profile, African Cup for Women's Champion Clubs 2006|url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/51264/sid/5162/tid/96268/tid2/96789/_/2006_African_Cup_for_Women_s_Champion_Clubs/index.html|accessdate=2020-11-13|work=FIBA.COM}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oluchi Okorie Basketball Player Profile, MKS MOS Karkonosze Jelenia Gora, News, 2Liga, Career, Games Logs, Best, Awards - eurobasket|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Oluchi-Okorie/Poland/MKS-MOS-Karkonosze-Jelenia-Gora/81823?Women=1|accessdate=2020-11-17|work=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref> == Ọrụ egwuregwu == Site n'ubọchi iri abuo n'onwa Disemba ruo n'ụbochi iri abuo na asato n'egwuregwu [[:en:Abuja_Stadium|Indoor Sports Hall]] na [[Abuja]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nke [[:en:2005_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women|FIBA Africa Championship for Women in 2005]] haziri. N'egwuregwu ahụ, Oluchi nọchitere anya Naịjirịa, were nweta ihe nrite ọla edo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/4527/tid/324/_/2005_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women_/schedule.html|title=Schedule & results|publisher=FIBA.com|accessdate=2020-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054148/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/4527/tid/324/_/2005_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women_/schedule.html|archive-date=2013-09-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'asọmpi [[:en:2006_FIBA_Africa_Women's_Clubs_Champions_Cup_squads|2006 FIBA Africa Women's Clubs Champions Cup]] nke o sonyere na ya, Oluchi nwetara ihe nrite ọla nchara. == Ebemsidee == {{reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/51264/pid2//sid/5162/tid/96268/tid2/96789/_/2006_African_Cup_for_Women_s_Champion_Clubs/index.html Oluchi Mercy Okorie] - FIBA [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mgss9iefbfl734z7cfsig4vs2yfh8ur 0 10783 728432 697826 2026-09-27T08:13:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tu Youyou''' ( Chinese ; amụrụ Disemba 30,1930) bụ onye na -ahụ maka ọgwụ na ọrịa ịba na China. Ọ chọpụtara artemisinin (nke a makwaara dị ka ''qīnghāosù''青蒿素) na dihydroartemisinin, nke a na-eji agwọ [[Iba|ịba]] , ọganihu dị na ọgwụ ebe okpomọkụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, na-azọpụta ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na ndida China, Ndịda Ọwụwa A bunyanwụ Eshia, Afrika, na South Amerika. Maka ọrụ ya, Tu nwetara nturu ugo Lasker 2011 na orụ ogige ọgwụ na 2015 Nobel Prize na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine ya na William C. Campbell na Satoshi Ōmura . Tu bụ onye mbụ nwetara ihe nrite Nobel na China na physiology ma ọ bụ medicin ma bụrụ nwa nwanyị mbụ nke ndị [[China|peoples Republic of China]] nwetara Nrite Nobel na ụdị ọ bụla. Ọ bụkwa onye China mbụ nwetara ihe nrite Lasker . A mụrụ Tu, ọ gụọ akwụkwọ ma mee nyocha ya naanị na China. <ref name="Miller">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.024|title=Artemisinin: Discovery from the Chinese herbal garden|url=https://archive.org/details/cell_2011-09-16_146_6/page/855|year=2011|author=Miller|first=Louis H.|journal=Cell|volume=146|issue=6|pages=855–858|pmid=21907397}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Tu na Ningbo, Zhejiang, [[China]], na Disemba 30,1930. <ref name="Tu_ifeng">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/1/200703/0316_335_88997_2.shtml|title=Magic Drug Saved Half Billion People|publisher=[[Phoenix Television]] News|date=16 March 2007|accessdate=13 September 2011|language=zh}}</ref> My[first] name Youyou was given by my father,who adapted it from the sentence Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Xiaoshi maka akwụkwọ juniọ sekọndrị na afọ mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, tupu ọ gafere na Ningbo Middle School na 1948. Ọrịa ụkwara nta gbochiri agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, mana kpaliri ya ka ọ banye nyocha ahụike. <ref name="NobelBio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2015/tu-bio.html|title=Youyou Tu – Biographical|work=www.nobelprize.org|accessdate=2018-04-22}}</ref> Site na 1951 ruo 1955, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Peking University / Beijing Medical College. [note 1] Na 1955, Youyou Tu gụsịrị akwụkwọ Mahadum gbasara Ahụike na Beijing ngalaba ọgwụ wee gaa n'ihu nyocha ya na ọgwụ ahịhịa China na China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Tu gụrụ akwụkwọ na ngalaba sayensị ọgwụ, wee gụchaa na 1955. Ka oge na -aga, a zụlitere Tu maka afọ abụọ na ọkara n'ọgwụ ọdịnala ndị China . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Tu rụrụ ọrụ na Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ugbu a bụ China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences [note 2] ) na Beijing. == Ọrụ nyocha == Tu carried on her work in the 1960s and 70s during China's Cultural Revolution, when scientists were denigrated as one of the nine black categories in society according to Maoist theory (or possibly that of the Gang of Four). === Schistosomiasis === N'ime afọ ndị mbụ ya na nyocha, Tu mụrụ ''Lobelia chinensis'', ọgwụ ọdịnala China maka ịgwọ [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]], <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tu|first=Youyou|title=Tu Youyou Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/tu/biographical/|work=NobelPrize.org|accessdate=10 October 2020}}</ref> kpatara site na trematodes nke na -efe efe na eriri afọ ma ọ bụ eriri afọ, nke juru ebe niile na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20 na South China.  === Ịba ===   N'afọ 1967, n'oge agha Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, onye ndu North Vietnam (nke na -ebuso South Vietnam na United States agha), riọrọ onye isi ala China Zhou Enlai maka enyemaka n'ikwalite ọgwụgwọ ịba maka ndị agha ya na -agbadata Ho. Chi Minh trail, ebe ọtụtụ gbadatara buru ịba nke na -anaghị anata ọgwụ chloroquine . N'ihi na ịba bụkwa nnukwu ihe na -akpata ọnwụ na mpaghara ndịda China, ọkachasị Guangdong, na Guangxi, Zhou Enlai mere ka Mao Zedong guzobe ọrụ nchọpụta ọgwụ nzuzo nke akpọrọ Project 523 mgbe ụbọchị mmalite ya malitere na abalị iri abụọ na atọ nke Ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1967. <ref name="McKenna"/> Ná mmalite afọ 1969, a họpụtara Tu ịbụ onye isi otu nyocha Project 523 na ụlọ akwụkwọ ya. Ebu ụzọ ziga Tu na Hainan ebe ọ sị na ndị butere ọrịa na amụ gbasara nje ọrịa a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/oct/05/youyou-tu-how-maos-challenge-to-malaria-pioneer-led-to-nobel-prize|title=Tu Youyou: how Mao's challenge to malaria pioneer led to Nobel prize|author=Tom Phillips|date=6 October 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ụwa niile enyochala ihe karịrị ogige ebe obibi puku abụọ na iri ano (240,000)ma nke bu nke jiụkwụ kpọrọ n'ihi enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma . N'afọ 1969, Tu, mgbe ahụ dị afọ iri atọ na itoolu, nwere echiche nke inyocha ahịhịa mgbọrọgwụ China. O buru ụzọ nyocha ndị ọkachamara ahụike China na akụkọ ntolite, na -iga eleta ndị na -ahụ maka ọgwụ ọdịnala China na mba ha niile n'onwe ya. Ọ chịkọtara ihe ọ chọpụtara n'ime akwụkwọ akpọrọ ''A Collection of Single Practical Prescriptions for Anti-Malaria'' . Akwụkwọ ndetu ya a chịkọtara ndenye ma ọ bụ ka e si enye ọgwụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ narị isii na iri anọ. Ka ruo n'afọ 1971, ndị òtù ya emela nyocha nke ruru puku abụọ gbasara ụmụ irighiri eji agwakọ ọgwụ omenala ndị China ma site na ntụziaka ha mepụtara habal estrat, site na ụfọdụ hab puku abụọ , nke a nwalere na ụmụ oke. <ref name="McKenna"/> Otu ogige dị irè, womwudd na -atọ ụtọ ( ''Artemisia annua'' ), nke ejiri mee ihe maka <nowiki>''</nowiki> ahụ ọkụ na -adịte aka, <nowiki>''</nowiki> bụ usoro ngosi ịba. Dị ka Tu gosipụtara na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe a, a kọwara nkwadebe ya na ederede gbarala afọ otu puku na narị iri isii(1,600), na uzommeputa akpọrọ, "Ntuziaka mberede ka edobere aka otu onye"(Emergency Prescription Kept Up One's Sleeve). Na mbụ, ọ bụghị ọrụ n'ihi na ha jiri mmiri esiri esi wepụta ya. Tu Youyou chọpụtara na enwere ike iji usoro nke dị ala wee kewapụ ihe na-agwọ ọrịa ịba nke ọma na osisi; <ref name="L Award Description">{{Cite web|author=Strauss|first=Evelyn|title=Award Description|url=http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2011_c_description.htm|work=Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award|publisher=[[Lasker Foundation]]|date=September 2011}}</ref> Tu na -ekwu na isi mmalite ọgwụ ahịhịa mgbọrọgwụ China '', bụ site n<nowiki>'akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ''</nowiki>Prescription for Emergency Treatments'' , nke Ge Hong dere na narị atọ na iri anọ, nke na -ekwu na ahịhịa mgbọrọgwụ a kwesịrị itinye n'ime mmiri oyi. <ref name="scimag">{{Cite web|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/asia/2011/09/lasker-award-rekindles-debate-over-artemisinins-discovery|title=Lasker Award Rekindles Debate Over Artemisinin's Discovery|publisher=News.sciencemag.org|accessdate=7 January 2014|date=29 September 2011}}</ref> Akwụkwọ a nwere ntụzịaka nke imikpu njuaka nke qinghao na nha nke lita mmiri 0.4 ,ma sachapụta mmiri ahịhịa ahụ ma ñụcha ya niile. <ref name="Miller"/> Mgbe ọ gụzigharịrị uzo esi emebe ogwu ahụ, Tu chọpụtara na mmiri ọkụ emebiwori ihe na -arụ ọrụ n'ime osisi; ya mere, ọ tụpụtara ụzọ iji mmiri nke nwere obere okpomọkụ wepụta arụmọrụ dị mma kama okwu. Nnwale anụmanụ gosiri na ọ na -arụ ọrụ nke ọma na oke na enwe. <ref name="McKenna">[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228382.000-the-modest-woman-who-beat-malaria-for-china.html "The modest woman who beat malaria for China"], by Phil McKenna, ''New Scientist'', 15 November 2011</ref> N'afọ 1972, ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nwetara ihe pụtara ihe wee kpọọ ya ''qinghaosu'' ([[:zh:青蒿素|青蒿素]]), ma ọ bụ artemisinin dị ka amaara ya na Bekee, <ref name="L Award Description"/> <ref name="th Anniversary">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules/special_issues/artemisinin/|title=Special Issue Artemisinin (Qinghaosu): Commemorative Issue in Honor of Professor Youyou Tu on the Occasion of her 80th Anniversary|publisher=[[Molecules (journal)|Molecules]]|first=Geoff|author=Brown|year=2010|accessdate=14 September 2011}}</ref> <ref name="Acceptance remarks by Tu">{{Cite web|author=Tu|first=Youyou|title=Acceptance remarks by Tu Youyou|url=http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2011_c_accept_youyou.htm|work=Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award|publisher=[[Lasker Foundation]]|quote=Equipped with a sound knowledge in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical sciences, my team inherited and developed the essence of traditional Chinese medicine using modern science and technology and eventually, we successfully accomplished the discovery and development of qinghaosu from qinghao (Artemisia annua L).}}</ref> nke zọpụtara ọtụtụ nde ndụ, ọkachasị na mmepe. ụwa . <ref name="Tu – USA TODAY">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/story/2011-09-12/lasker-awards/50371124/1|title='America's Nobel' awarded to Chinese scientist|publisher=[[USA Today]]|first=Elizabeth|author=Weise|date=12 September 2011|accessdate=12 September 2011}}</ref> Tu mụkwara usoro kemịkalụ na ọgwụ nke artemisinin. <ref name="L Award Description" /> Ndị otu Tu buru ụzọ chọpụta usoro kemịkalụ nke artemisinin. N'afọ 1973, Tu chọrọ igosipụta otu carbonyl dị na molekul artemisinin, ya mere ọ jiri mezie dihydroartemisinin na mberede. Ọzọkwa, Tu wepụtara onwe ya ịbụ isiokwu mmadụ mbụ. Ọ sịrị, "Dịka onye isi otu nyocha a, enwere m ọrụ." Ọ nweghị nsogbu, yabụ ọ dụzịrị nwalee ọgwụ a na ahụ mmadụ nwere ọrịa nke ọ wetara ihe ịga nke ọma. E bipụtara ọrụ ya na enweghị aha n'afọ 1977. <ref name="McKenna"/> Na 1981, o mere nchoputa gbasara artemisinin na nzuko ya na World Health Organisation. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/10/06/how-a-secret-chinese-military-drug-based-on-an-ancient-herb-won-the-nobel-prize/|title=How a secret Chinese military drug based on an ancient herb won the Nobel Prize|date=6 October 2015|author=Guo|first=Jeff|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine|author=Tu|first=Youyou|date=11 October 2011|doi=10.1038/nm.2471|pmid=21989013|volume=17|issue=10|journal=Nature Medicine|pages=1217–1220}}</ref> Maka ọrụ ya gbasara ịba, e nyere ya Nrite Nobel gbasara Ọgwụ ka ọnwa Ọktoba gbara mkpụrụ ụbọchị ise 2015. == Ọrụ mechara == A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nyocha (研究员, Ndị kasị elu na-eme nchọpụta n'usoro na China tinyekwara agụmakwụkwọ n'usoro nke prọfesọ zuru okè ) n'afo 1980 ka oteghi aka emechara mgbanwe akụ China (Chinese economic reforms)malitere na 1978. Na 2001 a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwmaka ndị chọrọ nturugo dọktọral. Ugbu a ọ bụ onye isi ndị sayensị na akademi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Biography|url=http://www.icmm.ac.cn/zsyjy/201101/11.html|publisher=China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences|accessdate=14 September 2011|language=zh|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906013716/http://www.icmm.ac.cn/zsyjy/201101/11.html|archivedate=6 September 2011}}</ref> Ka ọ na -erule 2007, ọfịs ya dị n'ụlọ ochie nke dị na Dongcheng District, Beijing. <ref name="Tu_ifeng"/> Tupu afọ 2011, Tu Youyou bụ onye amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, a kọwara ya dị ka "onye ndị mmadụ chefuru kpamkpam". <ref name="Tu_Wen Wei Po">{{Cite web|url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2011/09/15/YO1109150008.htm|publisher=[[Wen Wei Po]]|accessdate=13 September 2011|language=zh|title=Archive copy|archivedate=1 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001040202/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2011/09/15/YO1109150008.htm}}</ref> A na-ele Tu anya dị ka "onye ọkà mmụta sayensị atọ na-enweghị" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/n/2015/1006/c90000-8958353.html|title=Chinese Scientist Wins Nobel Prize in Medicine; China Hails the Laureate with Reflection|author=Zou|first=Luxiao|date=6 October 2015|publisher=[[People's Daily]]}}</ref> -enweghị nzere postgraduate (enweghị agụmakwụkwọ postgraduate mgbe ahụ na China), enweghị ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ ahụmịhe nyocha na mba ofesi, ọ bụghịkwa onye otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ mba China, ndị China. Ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Injinia nke China . <ref name="Tu_Sohu1">{{Cite web|url=http://roll.sohu.com/20110913/n319211381.shtml|publisher=[[Sohu]] News|date=13 September 2011|accessdate=13 September 2011|language=zh}}</ref> A na -ahụta Tu ugbu a dị ka onye nnọchi anya ọgbọ mbụ nke ndị ọrụ ahụike China kemgbe e hiwere Republic of China na 1949. <ref name="Tu_Sohu2">{{Cite web|url=http://health.sohu.com/20090929/n267089753.shtml|publisher=[[Sohu]] News|date=29 September 2009|accessdate=13 September 2011|language=zh}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == TúTu na di ya, Li Tingzhao (李廷钊), onye injinia na -ahụ maka igwe, na bi na Beijing. Li bụ nwa klas Tu na Xiaoshi na ụlọ akwụkwọ nta. Ha mụrụ ụmụ nwanyị abụọ. Nna nna nne Tu,bụ Yao Yongbai ([[:zh:姚咏白|姚 咏 白]]), bụ onye isi nchịkwa ego mba(National Treasury Administration) mgbe emezigharịchara ya. Nwanne nna ya, Yao Qingsan ([[:zh:姚庆三|姚庆 三]]), bụ onye ma maka akụ na ụba na onye ọrụ akụ.  == Awards na ukpono == * 1978, National Science Congress Prize, PR China <ref name="Tu – ChinaVita">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Tu_Youyou|title=Tu Youyou 屠呦呦|publisher=[[China Vitae]]|accessdate=7 March 2012|archivedate=29 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129005934/http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Tu_Youyou}}</ref> * 1979, Nrite Onye Nchọpụta Mba, PR China * 1992, (Otu n'ime ihe iri sayensị na teknụzụ rụpụtara na China, State Science Commission, PR China <ref name="Tu – ChinaVita" /> * 1997, (Abụọ n'ime) Nnukwu Ahụike Ọha Ọha iri na New China, PR China <ref name="Tu – ChinaVita" /> * Septemba 2011, GlaxoSmithKline Award Achievement Award in Life Science <ref name="Tu – GSK">{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenofchina.com.cn/html/report/3091-1.htm|title=Chen Zhili Congratulates Lasker Award Winner Tu Youyou|publisher=Women of China|date=22 September 2011|accessdate=7 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006020805/http://www.womenofchina.com.cn/html/report/3091-1.htm|archivedate=6 October 2015}}</ref> * Septemba 2011, Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award <ref name="Tu – Lasker">{{Cite web|url=http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2011clinical.htm|title=Tu Youyou|publisher=[[Lasker Foundation]]|date=12 September 2011|accessdate=12 September 2011}}</ref> * Nọvemba 2011, Onyinye Pụrụ Iche, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences <ref name="Tu – Outstanding Contribution Award">{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2011-11/15/c_111169318.htm|title=Tu is awarded Outstanding Contribution Award by CACMR|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|date=15 November 2011|accessdate=10 February 2012|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212202/http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2011-11/15/c_111169318.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Febụwarị 2012, (Otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri) ụmụ nwanyị pụrụ iche nke mba, PR China ( March 8th Red Banner Pacesetter ) <ref name="Tu – Outstanding Female">{{Cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2012-02-28/073224018743.shtml|publisher=[[Sina.com]] News|date=28 February 2012|accessdate=7 March 2012|language=zh}}</ref> * June 2015, Warren Alpert Foundation Prize (onye na-anata ego) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warrenalpert.org/news/2015-waren-alpert-foundation-prize-recognizes-malaria-breakthroughs|title=Alpert Prize Recognizes Malaria Breakthroughs|publisher=Warren Alpert Foundation|date=4 June 2015|accessdate=14 June 2015|archivedate=14 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614234849/http://www.warrenalpert.org/news/2015-waren-alpert-foundation-prize-recognizes-malaria-breakthroughs}}</ref> * Ọktoba 2015, Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine 2015 (onye na-anata ya) maka nchọpụta ya gbasara akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ megide ịba, nyere otu ọkara nke ihe nrite a; na William C. Campbell na Satoshi Ōmura jikọrọ aka wee nye ọkara ọzọ maka nchoputa ha gbasara ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ megide ọrịa na nje na -efe efe. <ref name="Nobel">{{Cite web|title=Nobel Prize announcement|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2015/press.pdf|publisher=[[Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet]]|work=NobelPrize.org|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> * 2016, Onyinye Sayensị na Nkà na Kasị Elu, China <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2017-01-10/101042362.html|title=Nobel Laureate Tu Youyou Becomes First Female to Win China's Top Science Award|publisher=[[Caixin]] Global|date=10 January 2017|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guancha.cn/Science/2017_01_09_388398.shtml|title=屠呦呦、赵忠贤获2016年度国家最高科学技术奖 习近平颁奖|work=guancha.cn|date=9 January 2017|accessdate=9 January 2017|language=zh}}</ref> * 2019, Order nke Republic, China <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/2019-09-17/doc-iicezzrq6498887.shtml|title=袁隆平、屠呦呦等被授予"共和国勋章"(全名单)|work=sina.com.cn|date=17 September 2019|language=zh}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Chemistry[[:en:Portal:China|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/]]<nowiki/>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography * Nchọpụta ọgwụ * [[Iba|Ịba]], quinine na ọgwụ ebe okpomọkụ * Ọgwụ ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa sitere na Project 523 (n'oge na mgbe Mgbanwe Ọdịbendị ) ** Artemisinin (ndị nyere aka: Tu Youyou ''et al.'', 1972) ** Dihydroartemisinin (Tu Youyou ''et al.'', 1973) ** Pyronaridine (1973) ** Artemether ( Zhou Weishan (周维善), 1975) ** Lumefantrine (1976) ** Artesunate (Liu Xu (刘旭), 1977 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/portal/uiIndex.shtml|title=国家知识产权局专利检索及分析|work=www.pss-system.gov.cn|accessdate=2019-02-14|archivedate=2019-02-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174323/http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/portal/uiIndex.shtml}}</ref> ) ** Artemether/lumefantrine ( Zhou Yiqing, 1985) ** Naphthoquinone (1986) * Akụkọ sayensị na teknụzụ na Republic of China ** Njikọ izizi nke insulin ( bovine kristal) (Niu Jingyi ''et al.'', 1965) ** Nchọpụta nke iji arsenic trioxide na tretinoin ịgwọ ọrịa leukemia ( Zhang Tingdong, Wang Zhenyi, Chen Zhu & Chen Saijuan ) ** Dr Tang Feifan, onye chọpụtara ''Chlamydia trachomatis'', tụrụ anya inweta Nrite Nobel mana ọ nwụrụ n'ihi mkpagbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Beijing, 1958 ** Dr Wu Lien-teh, onye China mbụ họpụtara ka ọ nweta Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Ọgwụ (nke a họpụtara na 1935) * Ndepụta nke ndị nwetara onyinye Nobel na China na ndepụta nke ndị nwetara onyinye Nobel * Ndepụta nchọpụta China na Ndepụta ihe ndị China mepụtara * Chinese herbology na Traditional Chinese na nkà mmụta ọgwụ * Usoro iheomume nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị == Ihe edeturu ==  [[:en:Tu_Youyou#cite_ref-Medical_School_2-1|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_Youyou#cite_ref-Medical_School_2]]<nowiki/>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_University_Health_Science_Center[[:en:Tu_Youyou#cite_ref-Medical_School_2-1|1]] == Ntụaka ==  5 == Ịgụ n'ihu == * {{Cite book|author=Rao|first=Y.|title=Tu Youyou and the Discovery of Artemisinin: 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine|year=2016|publisher=World Scientific Publishing Co.|location=Singapore|isbn=978-7-5046-6996-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmZtDQAAQBAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Tu|first=Y.|title=From Artemisia annua L. to Artemisinins: The Discovery and Development of Artemisinins and Antimalarial Agents|year=2017|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780128116562|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iQlmDAAAQBAJ}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Tu Youyou on Nobelprize.org {{Clear}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 85kgdfqm51ib5b83isnz1gc1r9azbmo 0 11540 728326 186736 2026-09-26T22:13:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rita Nwadike''' {{Audio|Ig-Rita Nwadike.ogg|Audio}} (amuru ubochi nke ato na onwa Nọvemba 1974) bu onye Naijiria bu onye [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ n'egwuregwu bọọlụ]] nke ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa gbara na asọmpi Summer 2004 . Na ọkwa klọb, ọ gbara maka Rivers Angels . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1882893/index.html|title=Olympic Women's Football Tournaments Athens 2004 – Squad List: Nigeria (NGR)|publisher=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907181945/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1882893/index.html|archive-date=7 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gbara ọkpụ goolu mbụ Naịjirịa nwetara n'asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA megide Canada n'asọmpi 1995 na Sweden . == Hụkwa == * Nigeria na asọmpi olimpik nke afọ 2004 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Rita Nwadike – FIFA competition record (archived) *   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] i6814dcyqv3mswmy6hf1tpcfls4x5dc 0 12022 728211 125060 2026-09-26T13:27:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Obioma Okoli''' (amuru 3 Juun 1992) bu onye ebuli elu Naijiria . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/boxing/1014371/obioma_okoli.html|title=Glasgow 2014 profile|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=|archivedate=17 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017164239/http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/boxing/1014371/obioma_okoli.html}}</ref> Ọ gbara n'asọmpi ụmụnwaanyị kilogram 63 na asọmpi Commonwealth nke afọ 2014 bụ ebe o nwetara ihe nrite ọlaọcha a na-eko n'olu . <ref>{{Cite news|title=I defied Doctors warning to win medal for Nigeria|work=Vanguard|date=29 July 2014|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/defied-doctors-warning-win-medal-nigeria-obioma-okoli/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian weightlifters sweep 63kg medals|work=New Telegraph|date=28 July 2014|url=http://newtelegraphonline.com/nigerian-weightlifters-sweep-63kg-medals/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019175845/http://newtelegraphonline.com/nigerian-weightlifters-sweep-63kg-medals/|archive-date=19 October 2014|access-date=8 March 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] stnipeeyw36y36edcn90iyzmag1mxwk 0 12058 728449 719076 2026-09-27T09:33:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ursula M. Burns''' (amuru ya na Septemba 20, 1958), bu nwanyi oma ahia America. Burns bụ onye ama ama maka ịbụ onye isi oche nke Xerox site nafo 2009 ruo n'afọ 2016, onye mbụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ojii bụ onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ Fortune 500, na nwanyị mbụ ga-anọchi onye ọzọ dị ka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Fortune 500. <ref name="kws">{{Cite news|author=Byrnes|first=Nanette|url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/09_23/b4134018712853.htm|title=An Historic Succession At Xerox|work=Business Week|date=June 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611155419/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/09_23/b4134018712853.htm|archive-date=June 11, 2009|access-date=March 13, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="FortuneMulcahy">{{Cite news|author=Shambora|first=Jessica|url=http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2009/05/22/xeroxs-next-ceo-ursula-burns/|title=Xerox'snext CEO: Ursula Burns|date=May 22, 2009|accessdate=January 26, 2011|archive-date=May 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503150541/http://fortune.com/2009/05/22/xeroxs-next-ceo-ursula-burns/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche Xerox site nafo 2010 ruo n'afọ 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2017/05/23/xerox-ursula-burns-retires-reverse-stock-split/340668001/|title=Xerox's stock price is rising, but it's not what you think|work=democratandchronicle.com|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackenterprise.com/career/ursula-burns-to-step-down-as-xerox-ceo-after-company-split/|title=Ursula Burns Steps Down as XEROX CEO After Company Split|author=Johnson|first=Kandia|date=2017-01-06|work=blackenterprise.com|publisher=Black Enterprise Magazine|accessdate=2017-01-10}}</ref> Burns makwaara maka ije ozi na ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi na ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ America, gụnyere Uber, American Express na ExxonMobil . Ọ bụ onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke VEON site na mbubreyo 2018 ruo mmalite 2020, yana onye ndụmọdụ dị elu na Teneo . N'afọ 2014, ''Forbes'' nyere ya nwanyị nke iri abụọ na abụọ kacha ike n'ụwa. <ref name="Forbes14">{{Cite web|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> N'ime ọkwa ndị ọzọ nke obodo, ọ bụ onye ndu nke mmemme [[STIM|STEM]] nke White House site na 2009 ruo 2016, yana onye isi nke Council Export Council nke Onye isi ala site na 2015 ruo 2016. <ref name="USNews">[https://www.usnews.com/news/stem-solutions/articles/2017-05-05/xeroxs-ursula-burns-data-and-information-are-currency-of-the-future], "Xerox's Ursula Burns: U.S. Businesses Must Embrace Globalization ", ''[[US News]]'', Gaby Galvin, May 5, 2017</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Otu nne na-azụ ya zụrụ Burns na Ụlọ Baruk, ọrụ ụlọ obibi nke [[New York City|New York]] . <ref name="kws"/> Ndị mụrụ ya abụọ bụ ndị si Panama kwabatara. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Katidral, ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Katọlik niile na East 56th Street na New York. Ọ gara n'ihu nweta nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na injinia injinia site na Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (ugbu a Mahadum New York Tandon School of Engineering ) na 1980 na nna ukwu nke sayensị na injinia injinia na Mahadum Columbia otu afọ ka e mesịrị. <ref name="bep">{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackentrepreneurprofile.com/profile-full/article/ursula-m-burns/|title=Ursula M. Burns|publisher=BlackEntrepreneurProfile.com|accessdate=2022-03-13|archivedate=2018-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052602/http://www.blackentrepreneurprofile.com/profile-full/article/ursula-m-burns/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.xerox.com/about-xerox/executive-leadership/ceo/enus.html|work=Xerox|accessdate=July 28, 2016|title=Ursula Burns, CEO}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://engineering.columbia.edu/xerox-ceo-ursula-burns-ms82-me-speak-class-day|title=Xerox CEO Ursula Burns MS'82 ME to Speak at Class Day|work=engineering.columbia.edu|language=en|accessdate=2018-01-19}}</ref> Ọ nwetala nzere nkwanye ugwu ọzọ na Mahadum New York, <ref>[http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2010/may/ursula-m-burns-receives-honorary-doctorate.html] "Ursula M. BurnsReceives Honorary Doctorate from NYU," [[New York University]], May 12, 2010</ref> Williams College, <ref>[https://communications.williams.edu/news-releases/3_18_2015_honorarydegrees/] "Williams College Announces its 2015 Honorary Degree Recipients," [[Williams College]], March 18, 2015</ref> Mahadum Pennsylvania, <ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/almanac/volumes/v59/n24/commencement.html] "Penn's 2013 Commencement Speaker and Honorary Degree Recipients," [[University of Pennsylvania]], March 12, 2013</ref> Mahadum Howard, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.howard.edu/secretary/convocations/recipients-year.htm|title="Recipients of Honorary Degrees and Other University Honors (by year)," Howard University|work=howard.edu|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, <ref>[http://president.rpi.edu/speeches/2013/honorary-degree-recipients-dinner] "Remarks at 2013 Honorary Degree Recipients Dinner," [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]], May 2013</ref> The City College of New York <ref>[https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/2015-commencement-honorees] "CCNY Names Top Three for 2015 Commencement Honors," The City College of New York, March 12, 2015</ref> Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rit.edu/news/story.php?id=46854|title=Ursula Burns Inspires RIT Graduates to Strive for the 'Unimaginable'|work=www.rit.edu|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> Mahadum Rochester, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rochester.edu/commencement/2011/honorees.html|title=Commencement :: University of Rochester|work=www.rochester.edu|accessdate=15 August 2018|archivedate=20 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120030412/http://www.rochester.edu/commencement/2011/honorees.html}}</ref> Mahadum Xavier, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/education/index.ssf/2012/03/xaviers_commencement_speaker_w.html|title=Ursula Burns is Xavier University's commencement speaker|work=nola.com|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> na Mahadum Georgetown . <ref name="georgetown.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/commencement-speakers-2018|title=Georgetown Announces 2018 Commencement Speakers|date=4 May 2018|work=www.georgetown.edu|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ azụmahịa == === Xerox === Burns buru ụzọ rụọ ọrụ maka Xerox dị ka onye nkuzi n'oge okpomọkụ na 1980, wee sonye na-adịgide adịgide otu afọ ka e mesịrị, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche na mmepe ngwaahịa na atụmatụ na ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe fọdụrụ na 1980. <ref name="UB_nyt">{{Cite news|author=Bryant|first=Adam|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/21/business/21xerox.html|title=Xerox's New Chief Tries to Redefine Its Culture|work=The New York Times|date=February 20, 2010}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 1990, ọrụ ya were mgbanwe na-atụghị anya ya mgbe Wayland Hicks, onye bụbu onye isi n'oge ahụ, nyere Burns ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka onye isi ya. Ọ nabatara ma rụọrọ ya ọrụ ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu tupu ya alọta n'ihi na ọ na-achọ ịlụ di. <ref>{{Cite web|work=London Business School|title=Leading the way: Ursula Burns|url=http://bsr.london.edu/lbs-article/641/index.html|accessdate=2022-03-13|archivedate=2017-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425142640/https://bsr.london.edu/lbs-article/641/index.html/}}</ref> Na June 1991, ọ ghọrọ osote onye isi oche na onye isi oche Paul Allaire mgbe ahụ. Na 1999, a họpụtara ya osote onye isi ala maka nrụpụta ụwa. <ref name="UB_nyt" /> Na May 2000, a na-akpọ Burns onye isi osote onye isi oche nke ọrụ atụmatụ ụlọ ọrụ wee malite ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na nso nso a ga-abụ CEO Anne Mulcahy, na ihe ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ kọwara dị ka ezi mmekọrịta. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Burns ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke otu azụmahịa azụmahịa. <ref name="teamusa.org">{{Cite news|url=http://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOC/Inside-the-USOC/Leadership/Board-of-Directors/Ursula-Burns|title=Ursula Burns {{!}} USOC Board of Directors|work=Team USA|accessdate=2016-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904023419/http://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOC/Inside-the-USOC/Leadership/Board-of-Directors/Ursula-Burns|archive-date=2013-09-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nafo pụkụ abụọ na asaa, Burns weere ọrụ nke onyeisi oche nke Xerox. <ref name="teamusa.org"/> N'onwa Julaị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete, akpọrọ ya aha CEO, nọchiri Mulcahy, onye nọgidere dị ka onye isi oche ruo Mee n'afo puku abụọ na iri.<ref name="UB_nyt"/> Nwanyị ojii mbụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Fortune 500, <ref name="kws"/> Burns bụkwa nwanyị mbụ ga-anọchi nwanyị ọzọ dịka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Fortune 500 . <ref name="FortuneMulcahy"/> N'oge na-adịghị mgbe aha ya bụ CEO, Burns duziri nnweta nke Mgbakwunye Ọrụ Kọmputa . <ref name="teneo">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204425/https://www.teneo.com/news/ursula_m_burns_joins_teneo_as_senior_advisor], "Ursula M. Burns joins Teneo as Senior Advisor," Teneo, June 28, 2017</ref> Mgbe ọ dị ka CEO, Burns bụ onye otu mba ụwa nke Royal Academy of Engineering n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=60 new Fellows elected to the Academy for 2013|url=https://www.raeng.org.uk/news/news-releases/2013/July/60-new-fellows-elected-to-the-academy-for-2013|work=Royal Academy of Engineering|accessdate=24 November 2020|date=24 July 2013|archivedate=26 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026043434/https://www.raeng.org.uk/news/news-releases/2013/July/60-new-fellows-elected-to-the-academy-for-2013}}</ref> N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, duuru Xerox kewara n'ime ụlọ ọrụ abụọ nwere onwe ha: <ref name="WebWire">[https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=211408], "Diageo announces appointment to its Board of Directors," Webwire, July 26, 2017</ref> Xerox Corporation na Conduent Incorporated. <ref name="teneo" /> Ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye isi oche nwanyị na onye isi oche nke Xerox site na usoro ahụ, wee họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ akwụkwọ kwụ ọtọ. <ref name="XeroxSplitting">[https://www.news.xerox.com/news/Xerox-names-chairman-of-post-separation-Document-Technology-company], "Xerox Names Ursula BurnsChairman of Post-Separation Document Technology Company," Xerox, May 20, 2016</ref> Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'ọnọdụ ahụ na December n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, Jeff Jacobson nọchiri Burns. O jigidere aha onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ akwụkwọ e hibere ọhụrụ <ref name="WebWire" /> ruo Mee nafo pụkụ abụọ na iri na asaa, mgbe ọe ọ hapụrụ bọọdụ Xerox na ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi oche. <ref>[http://rbj.net/2017/05/24/robert-keegan-replaces-ursula-burns-as-xerox-chairman/], "Robert Keegan replaces UrsulaBurns as Xerox chairman," ''Rochester Business Journal'', Velvet Spicer, May 24, 2017</ref> === Ọrụ ọrụ ọha === Onye isi ala US [[Barack Obama]] họpụtara Burns ka ọ nyere aka duo mmemme White House National STEM nafo 2009, <ref name="XeroxBiography">{{Cite news|url=https://www.xerox.com/en-us/about/executive-leadership/ceo|title=Ursula M. Burns, Director since: 2007|date=2016-08-01|work=Xerox|accessdate=2016-10-07}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/advisory-boards/jobs-council/members/burns|title=Ursula M. Burns|work=The White House|language=en|accessdate=2018-02-23}}</ref> na ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye ndu nke mmemme STEM ruo 2016. <ref name="USNews" /> Na Maachị n'afọ 2010 President Obama họpụtara Burns ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Council Export Council, <ref name="XeroxBiography" /> <ref name=":1" /> nke o duuru site nafo 2015 ruo nafo 2016. <ref name="USNews" /> === Ọrụ bọọdụ === Burns jere ozi na ọtụtụ bọọdụ, gụnyere nke Boston Scientific, <ref name="bep"/> FIRST, National Association of Manufacturers, Mahadum Rochester, MIT Corporation, Rochester Business Alliance, na RUMP Group. <ref name="bep" /> Ọ ka bụ onye isi oche nke American Express Corporation, <ref name="XeroxBiography"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://quotes.wsj.com/AXP/company-people|title=AXP Company Profile & Executives - American Express Co. - Wall Street Journal|work=quotes.wsj.com|accessdate=2018-02-23}}</ref> Exxon Mobil Corporation, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.exxonmobil.com/press-release/ursula-m-burns-elected-exxonmobil-board|title=Ursula M. Burns Elected to ExxonMobil Board|work=ExxonMobil News Releases|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> Datto Inc., <ref name="XeroxBiography" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/board.asp?privcapId=171978246|title=Datto, Inc.: Board of Directors - Bloomberg|work=www.bloomberg.com|accessdate=2018-02-23}}</ref> na Nestlé . <ref name="teneo" /> N'onwa July n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asaa, a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-esonye na bọọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọṅụṅụ Diageo na Eprel 2, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asatọ. <ref name="WebWire" /> Ọ sonyeere Teneo dị ka onye ndụmọdụ dị elu n'onwa June n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asaa. <ref name="teneo" /> Burns sonyeere ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ Uber na ngwụcha Septemba 2017. <ref name="uber">{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/29/travis-kalanick-appoints-ursula-burns-john-thain-to-ubers-board/|title=Travis Kalanick appoints Ursula Burns, John Thain to Uber's board|work=techcrunch.com|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụo, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Waystar. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/waystar-appoints-ursula-burns-to-board-of-directors-301093017.html|title=Waystar Appoints Ursula Burns to Board of Directors|work=prnewswire.com|accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref> N'onwa July n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asaa,a họpụtara Burns dịka onye isi oche nke VEON, ndị na-enye ọrụ telecoms 11 nke ụwa site n'aka ndị debanyere aha, <ref name="VEON">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-veon-management/veon-names-former-xerox-ceo-ursula-burns-as-chairwoman-idUSKBN1A914E], "VEON names former Xerox CEO Ursula Burns as chairwoman," [[Reuters]], Eric Auchard, July 24, 2017</ref> site n'aka ndị isi ya. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180815200740/https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/veon-board-elects-former-xerox-ceo-ursula-burns-as-chairman/59737820], "VEON board elects former Xerox CEO Ursula Burns as chairman," Reuters and The Economic Times, July 24, 2017</ref> Site na ọpụpụ onye isi na mberede na March 2018, e mere ya onye isi oche ka ọ na-eche usoro nhọrọ, na Disemba 2018, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ CEO. <ref name="CEO">{{Cite news|author=Bicheno|first=Scott|title=Burns officially made Veon CEO at last|url=http://telecoms.com/494180/ursula-burns-officially-made-veon-ceo-at-last/|accessdate=10 January 2019|work=Telecoms.com|date=13 December 2018}}</ref> N'onwa February 2020, a họpụtara Kaan Terzioğlu na Sergi Herrero ndị isi oche, na-anọchi Burns. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Burkitt-Gray|first=Alan|title=New Co-CEOs for Veon as Ursula Burns Rreverts to Chairmanship|url=https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3824914/new-co-ceos-for-veon-as-ursula-burns-reverts-to-chairmanship|accessdate=26 July 2021|work=Capacity Media|date=14 February 2020}}</ref> Na onwa June n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụo, Gennady Gazin nọchiri Burns dị ka onye isi oche. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Boyadzhieva|first=Yanitsa|title=Veon Settles on New Chair, Board Members|url=https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/top-three/veon-settles-on-new-chair-board-members/|accessdate=26 July 2021|work=Mobile World Live|date=2 June 2020}}</ref> === Diageo === Agbanyeghị na Burns mara ọkwa na ọ ga-esonye na bọọdụ Diageo dị ka onye isi na-abụghị onye isi mana Diageo kwupụtara na Machị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asatọ, na “Burns agaghị eweghara nhọpụta ya dị ka onye isi na-abụghị onye isi na Diageo Board” ka a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke oge. VEON <ref>{{Cite web|author=GmbH|first=finanzen net|title=Diageo Says Ursula Burns Not To Take Up Non-Executive Director Role On Board|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/diageo-says-ursula-burns-not-to-take-up-non-executive-director-role-on-board-1027781845|accessdate=2021-07-08|work=markets.businessinsider.com|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185921/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/diageo-says-ursula-burns-not-to-take-up-non-executive-director-role-on-board-1027781845}}</ref> == Ihe omume obodo == Burns na-enye ndụmọdụ nduzi na obodo, agụmakwụkwọ na òtù na-abaghị uru gụnyere FIRST ( N'ihi na Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology ), National Academy Foundation, MIT, na US Olympic Committee, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. <ref name="XeroxBiography"/>  Ọ bụ onye isi oche ntọala nke Change Equation, nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite usoro mmụta US na sayensị, teknologi, injinia na mgbakọ na mwepụ (STEM). <ref name="XeroxBiography" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.innov8tiv.com/fem-boss-ursula-burns-chairman-ceo-xerox-corporation/|title=Fem Boss: Ursula Burns – Chairman & CEO of Xerox Corporation - Innov8tiv|date=27 April 2014|work=innov8tiv.com|accessdate=15 August 2018|archivedate=15 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815131627/http://innov8tiv.com/fem-boss-ursula-burns-chairman-ceo-xerox-corporation/}}</ref> Ọ jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke kọmitii ndị isi nke Business Council n'etiti afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na atọ nakwa n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na anọ. <ref name="yahoo">Press Release: The Dow Chemical Company, [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/dow-chairman-ceo-andrew-liveris-174000939.html Dow Chairman and CEO Andrew Liveris Elected Chairman, The Business Council], ''[[Yahoo!]]'', October 19, 2012</ref> O nyela adreesị mmalite na mahadum gụnyere Rochester Institute of Technology, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xerox President Ursula Burns Selected as RIT's 2009 Commencement Speaker|work=RIT.edu|url=https://www.rit.edu/news/xerox-president-ursula-burns-selected-as-rits-2009-commencement-speaker}}</ref> MIT, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thetech.com/2010/11/09/burns-v130-n52|title=Xerox CEO Ursula M. Burns to speak at Commencement|first=Elijah Jordan|author=Turner|work=[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]]|date=November 9, 2010}}</ref> Mahadum Rochester, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xerox Corporation CEO UrsulaBurns to Address University of Rochester College Commencement|work=Rochester.edu|url=http://www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=3801}}</ref> Xavier University, Howard University, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210308223644/https://www2.howard.edu/xerox-chairman-ceo-ursula-m-burns-deliver-howard-university-2015-commencement-address] "Xerox Chairman & CEO Ursula M. Burns to Deliver Howard University 2015 Commencement Address," Howard University, April 23, 2015</ref> Williams College, <ref>[https://commencement.williams.edu/commencement-2015/ursula-m-burns-commencement-speech/] "Ursula M. Burns, Commencement Speaker," Williams College, 2015</ref> na Georgetown Mahadum . <ref name="georgetown.edu"/> ''Forbes'' depụtara ya ọtụtụ oge dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị narị kachasị ike n'ụwa. N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na ise, e depụtara ya dị ka onye iri abụo na iteghete. <ref name="Forbes14"/> N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asatọ, e gosipụtara ya n'etiti "Ụmụ nwanyị iri ise kacha elu nke America na teknologi". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/anne-aaron/?list=top-tech-women-america|title=Anne Aaron|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> N'afo pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii ozi ịntanetị hacked kpughere na ọ nọ na ndepụta ndị nwere ike ịzọ ọkwa osote onye isi ala Hillary Clinton . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/hacked-emails-reveal-39-names-clinton-s-first-cut-vp-n668181|title=Hacked emails reveal 39 names on Clinton's "first cut" VP list|first=Alex|author=Seitz-Wald|date=October 18, 2016|work=NBC News}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Burns lụrụ Lloyd Bean ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na iteghete; ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Xerox, ha bikwa na Rochester, New York . <ref name="UB_nyt"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://obits.democratandchronicle.com/obituaries/democratandchronicle/obituary.aspx?n=lloyd-fitzgerald-bean&pid=191256991&fhid=11954|title=Lloyd Bean Obituary - Rochester, NY &#124; Rochester Democrat And Chronicle|accessdate=2022-03-13|archivedate=2021-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313012714/https://obits.democratandchronicle.com/obituaries/democratandchronicle/obituary.aspx?n=lloyd-fitzgerald-bean&pid=191256991&fhid=11954}}</ref> O nwere nwa nwanyị Melissa (a mụrụ c. 1992) na stepson Malcolm (a mụrụ c. 1989) onye gara MIT. <ref name="UB_nyt" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/03/technology/american-dream-ursula-burns/index.html|title=Xerox's Ursula Burns: Business is made for men|author=Alesci|first=Cristina|work=CNNMoney|accessdate=2018-01-19|archive-date=2018-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065716/http://money.cnn.com/2017/02/03/technology/american-dream-ursula-burns/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Burns abụrụla onye nyere aka na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị McQuaid Jesuit na New York. <ref>[http://www.catholiccourier.com/articles/major-gifts-make-major-difference], "Major gifts make major difference," Catholic Courier, Mike Latona, August 4, 2014</ref> == Ihe ncheta == Burns bipụtara ihe ndekọ, ''Ebe Ị Na-abụghị Onye Ị bụ: Ihe Memoir'', na 2021. <ref name="UB_memoir">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/54698055-where-you-are-is-not-who-you-are|title=Where You Are Is Not Who You Are: A Memoir|work=[[GoodReads]]}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị otu mba ụwa nke Royal Academy of Engineering == Ndensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0x1x0v3algov9anabd1anqtnbbqlz1m 0 12062 728320 621533 2026-09-26T21:19:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Dr. Regina Benjamin, US Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services.jpg|thumb]] '''Regina Marcia Benjamin''' (amuru Ọktoba 26, 1956) bu dibia America na onye u osote onye isi ochichi na US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps onye jere ozi dika 18th Surgeon General nke United States . <ref name="benjaminbio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/14/health/policy/14surgeon.html|title=Dọkịta sitere na Bayou|ụbọchị = July 14, 2009|work=The New York Times|first=Gardiner|author=Harris|accessdate=February 11, 2018}}</ref>Benjamin bu ụzọ duzie ụlọọgwụ ngwaọrụ na-enye akwụkwọ na-enye na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, wee jee ozi na bọọdụ ndị ọrụ maka Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke Morehouse .'''Regina Marcia Benjamin''' (amuru Ọktoba 26, 1956) bu dibiabia America na onye u osote onye isi ochichi na US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps onye jere ozi dika 18th Surgeon General nke United States . <ref name="benjaminbio" /> Benjamin bu ụzọ duzie ụlọọgwụ nlekọta ahụike na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, wee jee ozi na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta maka Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke Morehouse . == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == [[Usòrò:Dr. Regina Benjamin, U.S. Surgeon General 1.jpg|thumb]] A mụrụ Benjamin na Mobile, Alabama na Ọktoba 26, n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri ise na isii. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huliq.com/3257/83446/regina-benjamin-picked-surgeon-general|title=Regina Benjamin Picked as Surgeon General|first=Michael|author=Santo|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Fairhope High School na Fairhope, Alabama, wee gaa mahadum na Xavier University of Louisianake dị n na New Orleans, <ref name="Curr Bio">{{Cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook 2010|year=2010|publisher=H.W. Wilson|location=Ipswich, MA|isbn=9780824211134|pages=[https://archive.org/details/currentbiography2010unse/page/30 30–33]|chapter=Benjamin, Regina|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/currentbiography2010unse/page/30}}</ref> ebe amụrụ ya na isi Gamma Alpha nke Delta Sigma Theta sorority. Ọ bụkwa onye otu klas nke abụọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Morehouse School of Medicine . <ref name="benjaminbio" /> Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta MD ya na Mahadum Alabama na Birmingham wee gụchaa ebe obibi ya na nchịkọta ezinụlọ na Medical Center nke Central Georgia . <ref name="benjaminbio" /> Banyere aihuta a dị ka onye mbụ n'ime ezinụlọ ya ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike, o kwuru na "Ahụtụbeghị m dọkịta ojii tupu m aga mahadum." Mgbe ọ banyere n'ọrụ ahụike naanị na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, Benjamin rụrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na ụlọ mberede na ebe a na-elekọta ndị agadi iji kwado ọrụ ya. Mgbe ọ natara MBA site na Freeman School of Business na Tulane University, ọ gbanwere ụkwara ọ ọrụ ya n ka oburu zie ọ ọgwụ ahụike ime obodo. <ref name="Genius-2009-07-13">{{Cite news|title=Obama Taps 'Genius' Doctor, Katrina Victim for Surgeon General|date=July 13, 2009|publisher=Fox News Channel|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/13/obama-taps-alabama-doctor-surgeon-general/|work=article|accessdate=July 13, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715162352/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/13/obama-taps-alabama-doctor-surgeon-general/|archive-date=July 15, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Benjamin bụ onye bụbu onye otu onye isi maka ahụike ime obodo na kọleji nke ọgwụ na Mahadum South Alabama, ebe ọ na-elekọta ihe na-eme na AHEC Alabama wee n'duzie ihe na-eme na Telemedicine ya. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Medical Association of the State of Alabama (MASA) n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na abụọ . Nafo otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri iteghete na ise, a họpụtara ya na ndị isi oche nke American Medical Association, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ dọkịta mbụ n'okpuru afọ iri anọ nakwa nwaanyị mbụ African-American nke a a ga-ahọpụta. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Board of Trustees nke Mahadum Florida A & M, nke Gọvanọ Florida Jeb Bush họpụtara. Site n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na asatọ ruo n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete ọ jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke Board of Trustees of Federation of State Medical Boards, otu mba na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-anọchite anya bọọdụ ahụike na osteopathic 70 nke United States na ókèala ya. <ref>Benjamin RM. Planting Seeds of Excellence. ''Journal of Medical Licensure and Discipline''. 95(1):3–4. 2009.</ref> Benjamin bụ onye diplomate nke American Board of Practice Family and Fellow of American Academy of Family Physicians . Ọ bụ onye Kellogg National Fellow yana onye ndu Rockefeller na-esote ọgbọ. Ọ jerela ozi na bọọdụ na kọmitii gụnyere Kaiser Commission on Medicaid na ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ; Ahụike Katọlik East; Medical Association nke steeti Alabama; Alabama Board of Medical Examiners; Kọmitii steeti Alabama nke ahụike ọha; Mobile County Medical Society; Alabama Rural Health Association; Ọchịchị Alabama; Mpaghara mkpanaka Red Cross; Mercy Medical; Ụlọ Azụmahịa Mobile; United Way of Mobile; Ndị dọkịta maka ikike mmadụ ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/about/annual-report/pdf/ar02_pt4.pdf|title=Physicians for Human Rights - About PHR|accessdate=July 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408051001/http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/about/annual-report/pdf/ar02_pt4.pdf|archivedate=April 8, 2011}}</ref> na Deep South Girl Scout Council. <ref name="bayoubenjamin">[https://archive.today/20130414141408/http://www.bayouclinic.org/default.aspx?id=21 Regina M. Benjamin, MD – Bayou Clinic Homepage]</ref> Onye na-ahụ maka ahụike na United States Secretary nke na-ahụ maka ahụike na onye ọrụ mmadụ Donna Shalala họpụtara ya na kọmitii na-emeziwanye ụlọ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ na Council of Graduate Medical Education, ọ bụkwa onye so na "Kọmitii 3." <ref name="bayoubenjamin"/> Na Alabama, ọ na-arụbu ọrụ dịka osote onye isi oche nke Gọvanọ Commission on Aging, ma bụrụkwa onye so na Gọvanọ Health Care Reform Task Force na Gọvanọ Task Force màkà Ahụ Ike Ụmụaka. <ref name="bayoubenjamin" /> Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ ana-akwụ ụgwọ maka [[Burger King]], kwadoro inye ndụmọdụ nri na onyinye ha. Ebibiri ụlọ ọgwụ Benjamin nafo pụkụ abụọ na ise site na Hurricane Katrina na n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na isii site na ọkụ n'ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ, otu ụbọchị tupu echere ịmaliteghachi. O mere akụkọ mgbe o wughachiri ụlọ ọgwụ nke ugboro abụọ. <ref name="Genius-2009-07-13"/> Na Maachị 10, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, a mara ọkwa na Benjamin ga-elekọta ọgbakọ ''nghọta'' CKD nke National Kidney Foundation. Edebere nzuko a maka ọdịda nke 2016, ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke mmemme mgbochi CKD ọhụrụ nke National ''Kidney'' Foundation, atụmatụ ọtụtụ afọ nke na-achọ ibuli nyocha na njikwa ọrịa akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala (CKD) n'ihu ahịrị nke ahụike mgbochi. Usoro ahụike US. Na mgbakwunye na Dr. Benjamin, ndepụta nke ndị a kpọrọ òkù gụnyere, ma ọnweghị oke na, ndị ọkachamara ahụike, nnukwu usoro nlekọta ahụike, ọrụ ụlọ nyocha, otu nkwado, ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ, na gọọmentị na ndị na-ere ahịa ahịa. Ha ga-ezukọ iji mepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ iji merie ihe mgbochi ndị na-egbochi nchoputa ọrịa akụrụ n'oge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kidney.org/news/former-surgeon-general-regina-m-benjamin-chair-national-kidney-foundation%E2%80%99s-chronic-kidney|title=Former Surgeon General Regina M. Benjamin to Chair National Kidney Foundation's Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention Initiative|date=March 10, 2016}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke nzukọ a bụ ịmepụta atụmatụ doro anya, nke jikọrọ ọnụ nke ga-emepụta ụzọ maka mgbanwe nke ga-ebuli echiche mba ahụ banyere ọrịa akụrụ ma mepụta omenala ebe nchọpụta mbụ dịkwa mkpa. N'onwa Julaị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, Benjamin sonyeere Board of Directors of Darkness to Light, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.d2l.org/former-u-s-surgeon-general-and-executive-director-of-the-beau-biden-foundation-for-the-protection-of-children-join-darkness-to-light-board/|title=Former U.S. Surgeon General and Executive Director of the Beau Biden Foundation for the Protection of Children Join Darkness To Light Board - Darkness to Light|date=2016-09-15|work=Darkness to Light|accessdate=2018-06-05|language=en-US}}</ref> onye na-akwado mba na-akwadoghị maka igbochi mmetọ ụmụaka. "Nke a abụghị naanị okwu maka otu ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ obodo - ọ bụ okwu ahụike ọha na eze na-emetụta ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu," Benjamin kwuru banyere okwu mmetọ ụmụaka. === Bayou La Batre Rural Health Clinic === Benjamin bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Bayou La Batre Rural Health Clinic na Bayou La Batre, Alabama, obere obodo ntakiri n'akụkụ Gulf Coast. Benjamin bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Reader's Digest nke depụtara mgbalị ya iji wughachi ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ mgbe Ajọ Ifufe Katrina gasịrị . === Surgeon General nke United States === [[Usòrò:President_Barack_Obama_with_Surgeon_General_nominee_Regina_Benjamin_07-13-09.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Benjamin na-anabata nhọpụta nke President [[Barack Obama|Obama]] maka US Surgeon General na July 2009.]] N'ọnwa Julaị 13, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete, Onye isi ala [[Barack Obama]] kwupụtara nhọrọ nke Benjamin maka ọkwa nke Surgeon General nke United States <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2009/07/the-doctor-is-finally-in-obama-to-name-regina-benjamin-for-surgeon-general.html|title=The Doctor Is (Finally) In: Obama To Nominate Regina Benjamin as Surgeon General|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124749440449132729|title=Surgeon General Is Designated|first=Jane|author=Zhang|date=July 14, 2009|accessdate=February 11, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-obama-surgeongeneral-idUSTRE56C3HI20090713|title=Obama picks Regina Benjamin as U.S. surgeon general|date=July 13, 2016|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/31929715|title=Obama on health care policy: 'No free lunch'|date=July 16, 2009|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> yana dịka onye isi ahụike na ngalaba na -ahụ maka ahụike ọha mgbe niile. . <ref name="confirm">{{Cite web|url=https://senatus.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/senate-confirms-regina-benjamin-as-surgeon-general/|title=Senate Confirms Regina Benjamin as Surgeon General|date=October 29, 2009|publisher=Senatus}}</ref> N'onwa Ọktoba 7, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete, Kọmitii Senate nke United States kwadoro Benjamin niile maka ahụike, agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ na ụgwọ ezumike nka . Ndị omebe iwu United States kwadoro Benjamin na Ọktoba 29, N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iteghete. <ref name="confirm" /> Benjamin nabatara nhọpụta Onye isi ala, ma mee ka o doo anya na enweghị afọ ojuju ya na usoro nlekọta ahụike dị ugbu a, n'ihe gbasara ịnweta yana ọnụ ahịa. <ref name="benjaminbio" /> N'ịnabata nhọpụta ya, Benjamin kọwara ihe isi ike ya chere ọrịa na ọrịa chere ezinụlọ ya ihu. O kwuru na ọnwụ nke nwanne ya nwoke, bụ onye nwụrụ HIV, nakwa dị ka nna ya, bụ onye nwụrụ n'ihi ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga, na nne ya nke nwụrụ n'ihi na akpa ume cancer, ihe niile, o kwuru, bụ "oria a gaegbochi nwụ". N'onwa Jenụwarị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri, Benjamin wepụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya, nke isiokwu ya bụ "The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation." N'ime ya, ọ kọwapụtara usoro dị egwu nke ndị America buru ibu na oke ibu, ma nyekwa ụkpụrụ maka mbọ ntọala ime mgbanwe na-akwalite ahụike na ịdịmma ezinụlọ na obodo. Ọrụ ya na mpaghara a gara n'ihu. Otu mmemme gbara ụmụ nwanyị nwere agba ume ka ha na-emega ahụ nke ukwuu ma ghara ịwụpụ mgbatị ahụ n'ihi egwu nke "imebi ntutu ha" nyere $5,000 onye meriri n'asọmpi ntutu dị mma na ahụike. Ekọwapụtara nke a n'ajụjụ ọnụ NPR . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/08/08/158419580/surgeon-general-dont-let-hair-get-in-the-way|title=Surgeon General: Don't Let Hair Get In The Way}}</ref> N'ime ajụjụ ọnụ a, a tụlere ọtụtụ mmemme ndị ọzọ, gụnyere mkpọsa megide oke ibu, na mkpọsa "Obi nde" iji gbochie otu nde nkụchi obi kwa afọ. N'onwa Jenụwarị 20, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na otu, Dr. Benjamin nyere ''The Surgeon General's Call to Action to support Breast feeding'', nke bụ akwụkwọ nchịkọta sayensị dabeere na sayensị iji kpalie ime ihe n'ịkwalite ọnụego nwa ara na United States. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/index.html|title=Reports and Publications|date=July 19, 2006}}</ref> Ọ kpọkuru akụkụ niile dị n'ime ọha mmadụ ka ha wepụ ihe mgbochi na-enye nwa ara ma na-amụba mmalite nke inye nwa ara, ogologo oge, na nke pụrụ iche - bụ nke bụ isiokwu mgbasa ozi ahụike ọha na eze ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ gara aga. Ọbụghị naanị akwụkwọ a nyere ihe omume na atụmatụ mmejuputa zuru oke, mana ọ matakwara nkwado nke ndị ezinaụlọ, obodo, ndị dọkịta, sistemu ahụike, na ndị were were n'ọrụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka akụkọ ịga nke ọma inye nwa ara. Nkeji otú, mkpa inye nwa ara, gosipụtara ozi gbasara oke ihe egwu dị n'ahụ ike dịịrị ndị nne na ụmụ ha metụtara ị naghị enye ara, yana uru akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịhọrọ inye ara. Nkeji abụọ, Ọnụọgụgụ nke inye nwa ara, nyere ozi gbasara usoro mba ụwa na ọnụego inye nwa ara, ma kọwapụta ndịiche na-adịgide adịgide a na-ahụ na omume inye nwa ara. Nkeji atọ, Ihe mgbochi na-enye nwa ara na United States, chọpụtara adịghị ike na ihe ọmụma, nrụgide mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ịzụ ahịa, ezughị ezu nkwado sitere n'aka ndị ezinụlọ na ndị enyi, imebiga ihe ókè nke ara nwanyị, na-edozi nsogbu na lactation, ịlaghachi n'ọrụ na ịchọta nlekọta ụmụaka kwesịrị ekwesị, yana dị ka ọrụ nlekọta ahụike kewara ekewa na nnabata nke atumatu ma ọ bụ omume a na-eme n'oge na-egbochi mmalite inye nwa ara, ogologo oge, na ewepu. Nkeji anọ, Ịnye ara site na Echiche Ahụike Ọha, haziri ọdịiche dị na ihe ọmụma, mmetụta omenala, enweghị nkwekọrịta ụlọ ọgwụ, ihe ịma aka, na ajụjụ a na-azaghị n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ kachasị mma iji dozie nsogbu ndị a chọpụtara. Nkeji ise, oku ime ihe, ewepụtara ọrụ dịịrị ngalaba ọ bụla n'ime ọha ma nyekwa usoro mmejuputa iwu chọrọ iji nweta ebumnuche obodo maka inye ara. Enwere ihe omume iri abụo yana atụmatụ mmejuputa iri ise na abụọ kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK52682/|title=The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding|series=Publications and Reports of the Surgeon General|year=2011|publisher=Office of the Surgeon General (US)}}</ref> N'onwa September, n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na abụọ, Surgeon General Benjamin wepụtara "The 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention, a akụkọ sitere na US Surgeon General na Action Alliance". Akụkọ a tụlere ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na atọ na [[Usòrò:Regina Benjamin official portrait.jpg|thumb|Foto gọọmentị Regina Benjamin]] a ebumnoiri isii m0 maka ibelata igbu onwe onye n'ime airi so sochirinụ. N'apụkụ0abụọ na abụọ, 2, Dọkịta Ọkachamara David Satcher wepụtara atụmatụ mba mbụ maka igbochi igbu onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/national-strategy-suicide-prevention/index.html|title=National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action, 2012|author=SG|date=April 5, 2019}}</ref> Benjamin gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa nke US Surgeon General na Julaị 16, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=7789|date=June 12, 2013|work=Public Health Newswire|publisher=American Public Health Association|title=Surgeon General Regina Benjamin announces resignation|author=David|accessdate=July 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328011111/http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=7789|archivedate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> ==== Nkatọ ==== E kwuwo na nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị o nyere maka ime ime dị ka isi iyi nke esemokwu, ebe Benjamin bụ onye Katọlik, Chọọchị Katọlik na-emegidekwa ime otú ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ọ nwetakwara ihe nrite n'aka [[Pope Benedict XVI]] . Benjamin na-anọdụkwa na bọọdụ nke Catholic Health Association ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ụlọ ụka obodo ya. Benjamin jere ozi na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Katọlik. Lloyd Dean kwadoro ya, onye isi oche nke Catholic Healthcare West, usoro ụlọ ọgwụ kachasị na California, onye wepụtara nkwupụta na-ekwu na ọ "nwere obi ụtọ" maka nhọpụta ya. N'oge usoro nkwenye ya, ndị nkatọ chọkwara ime ka ibu nke Benjamin bụrụ isi iyi nke esemokwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/regina-bejamin-surgeon-general-nominee-overweight/story?id=8129947|title=Benjamin: Too Heavy to Be Nation's Top Doc?|publisher=ABC News|date=July 2, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="reginacia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.al.com/news/press-register/metro.ssf?/base/news/1254993360186020.xml&coll=3|title=Mobile, Alabama Real-Time News - al.com|accessdate=September 14, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006164702/http://www.al.com/news/press-register/metro.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews%2F1254993360186020.xml&coll=3|archivedate=October 6, 2012}}</ref> ''Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ nri New York Times'' Mark Bittman kwuru na Benjamin, "dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bu ya ụzọ", zeere esemokwu, ma zere ịkatọ ụlọ ọrụ. Akụkọ 2010, ka o kwuru, na-ata "ndị ọ metụtara" ụta maka iri oke nri na anaghị emega ahụ nke ọma, ebe ha na-eleghara ire ahịa nri junk anya, yana ihe akaebe sayensị maka ntinye nke nri ndị na-atọ ụtọ na oke ibu. == Ihe nrite == Na 1998, ọ bụ onye United States nwetara onyinye nrite [[Nelson Mandela]] maka ahụike na ikike mmadụ. <ref name="Genius-2009-07-13"/> Akpọrọ Benjamin aha site na <nowiki><i id="mwtQ">magazin TIME</i></nowiki> dị ka otu n'ime "Nation's 50 Future Leaders Age 40 and Under." E gosipụtara ya na akwụkwọ ''akụkọ New York Times'', "Angel in a White Coat," wee họrọ ya "Onye nke izu" site na ABC 's World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, "Nwanyị nke Afọ" site na CBS Morning a . na "Nwanyị nke Afọ" site na magazin ndị mmadụ . E gosikwara ya na mkpuchi December 1999 nke ''Clarity Magazine'' wee nweta 2000 National Careing Award, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ mama Teresa . <ref name="bayoubenjamin"/> N'afọ 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] nyere ya obe nke popu Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice . Na 2008, a kpọrọ Benjamin aha otu n'ime ndị ndu kacha mma America site na US News &amp;amp; World Report . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/best-leaders/2008/11/19/americas-best-leaders-regina-benjamin-small-town-primary-care-physician.html|title=America's Best Leaders – Regina Benjamin|accessdate=July 13, 2009}}</ref> Na Septemba 2008, ọ bụ otu n'ime klas nke 25 nke afọ ahụ na MacArthur Fellows Programme, nke a na-akpọ "Genius Awards," na-enweta onyinye sitere na John D. na Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation nke ga-abụrịrị $ 500,000 n'ime oge. afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/national/2009/07/13/obama-names-regina-benjamin-as-surgeon-general.html|title=Obama Names Regina Benjamin as Surgeon General}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmenti etiti, ọ kwụsịrị ịnakwere MacArthur Fellows stipend mgbe ọ nabatara ọnọdụ dị ka Surgeon General. {| |[[File:Office_of_HHS_ID_Badge.png|77x77px]]</img> baajị nke Ọfịs Secretary of Health and Human Services |- |[[File:USPHSCC_Surgeon_General_Badge.png|78x78px]]</img> Surgeon General nke United States baajị |- |[[File:Public_Health_Service_Regular_Corps_Ribbon.png|60x60px]]</img> Ribbon ndị ọrụ ahụike ọha |- |[[File:Ribbon.Crossproecclesiaetpontifice.jpg|60x60px]]</img> Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice Award |- |} N'afọ 2009, ọ natara ihe nrite nturu ugo American Medical Association Foundation Leadership Award . N'afọ 2010, e nyere ya nzere nsọpụrụ nke Dọkịta Sayensị si Dartmouth College na emume mmalite ya. Na Mee 8, 2010, e nyere ya nzere nsọpụrụ nke Doctorate of Pharmacy site na Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences na mmemme mmalite mmalite 130 nke kọleji emere na Empire State Plaza na Albany, New York . Na Satọde, Mee 15, 2010, Dr. Benjamin nwetara nzere nsọpụrụ nke Dọkịta Sayensị na Mahadum Tulane. N'October 7, Nafo 2010, ọ natara onyinye nturu ugo Trumpeter site na National Consumers League na-amata afọ ole ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji kwalite ahụike mba ahụ. Na May 28, 2011, ọ natara akara nsọpụrụ nke Doctorate of Humane Letters site na Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o nyefere adreesị maka mmalite 205 nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Na Mee 18, 2012, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ nke Doctorate of Science na Mahadum Rochester Medical Center 's School of Medicine and Dentistry. O nyekwara adreesị mmalite. N'onwa Mee 9, 2014, ọ natara Nichols-Chancellor's Medal site na Mahadum Vanderbilt wee kwuo okwu na mmemme ụbọchị Senior University. Na Mee 14, 2016, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ na kọleji Elizabethtown . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lancasteronline.com/news/local/give-of-yourself-dr-regina-benjamin-tells-elizabethtown-college-graduates/article_5929997e-1a18-11e6-acd6-73886354c6ab.html|title=Give of yourself, Dr. Regina Benjamin tells Elizabethtown College graduates|publisher=Lancaster Online|first=Tim|author=Stuhldreher|date=May 14, 2016|accessdate=February 11, 2018}}</ref> == Ndensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jgq4yvw5h1w0v0gqt3nmucqa3wcsqno 0 12315 728341 723478 2026-09-26T23:00:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Biography with signature]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Rosa Louise McCauley Parks''' (February 4, 1913&nbsp;- Ọktoba 24, 2005) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị America na ngagharị ikike obodo kacha mara amara maka ọrụ dị mkpa ya na boycott bọs Montgomery . Ndị otu United States Congress kwanyere ya ugwu dị ka "Nwanyị mbụ nke ikike obodo" na "Nne nke nnwere onwe". Na Disemba 1, 1955, na Montgomery, Alabama, Parks jụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala James F. Blake ka ọ pụọ n'ahịrị oche anọ na ngalaba " acha agba " maka onye njem na-acha ọcha, ozugbo mpaghara "ọcha" jupụtara. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/rosa-parks|title=An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks|date=15 August 2015|accessdate=1 December 2020|work=National Archives}}</ref> Parks abụghị onye mbụ guzogidere nkewa ụgbọ ala, mana National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) kwenyere na ọ bụ onye kachasị mma maka ịhụ site na ịma aka ụlọ ikpe mgbe ejidere ya maka nnupụisi obodo na imebi iwu nke Alabama, na o nyere aka kpalie ndị isi ojii ịhapụ ụgbọ ala Montgomery ihe karịrị otu afọ. Okwu a gbadara n'ụlọ ikpe steeti, mana ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala Montgomery gọọmentị etiti ''Browder v.'' ''Gayle'' rụpụtara mkpebi na Nọvemba 1956 na nkewa ụgbọ ala ezighi ezi n'okpuru Usoro Nchekwa nhata nke ndezigharị 14 na iwu US. <ref name="Branch">{{Cite web|title=Parting the Waters: America in the King Years|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1988|first=Taylor|author=Branch|url=http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/branch4.htm|accessdate=February 5, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523192706/http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/branch4.htm|archivedate=May 23, 2013}}</ref> Omume mmegide nke Parks na boycott ụgbọ ala Montgomery ghọrọ akara dị mkpa nke mmegharị ahụ. Ọ ghọrọ akara ngosi mba ụwa nke iguzogide ikewa agbụrụ, wee hazie ma soro ndị ndu obodo rụkọọ ọrụ, gụnyere Edgar Nixon na [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] N'oge ahụ, a na-arụrụ Parks ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwa akwa na ụlọ ahịa ngalaba mpaghara wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ Montgomery. isi nke NAACP. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Highlander Folk n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ebe [[Tennessee]] maka ndị na-akwado ọzụzụ maka ikike ndị ọrụ na nha anya agbụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a kwanyere ya ùgwù nke ukwuu n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ tara ahụhụ n'ihi omume ya; a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ, ma nata egwu ọnwụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Commentary: Rosa Parks' Role In The Civil Rights Movement|date=June 13, 1999|work=Weekend Edition Sunday|publisher=NPR|id={{ProQuest|190159646}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" /></ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya ka boycott ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara [[Detroit]], ebe ọ chọtara ọrụ yiri nkenke obere oge. Site na 1965 ruo 1988, ọ jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ na onye na-anabata John Conyers, onye nnọchiteanya US nke Africa-American. Ọ nọkwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị Black Power na nkwado nke ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na US. Mgbe ezumike nká gasịrị, Parks dere akụkọ ndụ ya wee nọgide na-ekwusi ike na e nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ a ga-arụ na mgba maka ikpe ziri ezi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/12/01/how-history-got-the-rosa-parks-story-wrong/|title=How History Got Rosa Parks Wrong|authorlink=Jeanne Theoharis|author=Theoharis|first=Jeanne|date=December 1, 2015|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ nwetara nkwado mba, gụnyere NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, Onye Nrite Onye isi ala nke nnwere onwe, ihe nrite ọla edo nke Congressional, na ihe oyiyi posthumous na United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall . Mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2005, ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ ịgha ụgha na nsọpụrụ na Capitol Rotunda . [[California]] na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] na-echeta ụbọchị Rosa Parks na ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya, Febụwarị 4, ebe [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], [[Oregon]], na [[Texas]] na-echeta ncheta ụbọchị ejidere ya, Disemba 1. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=September 1, 2021|title=HB 3481, 87th Regular Session|url=https://lrl.texas.gov/legis/billSearch/BillDetails.cfm?legSession=87-0&billTypeDetail=HB&billnumberdetail=3481|accessdate=November 30, 2021|work=Legislative Reference Library of Texas|publisher=Legislative Reference Library of Texas}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Rosa Parks Rosa Louise McCauley na Tuskegee, Alabama, na February 4, 1913, nye Leona (née Edwards), onye nkuzi, na James McCauley, onye ọkwá nkà . Na mgbakwunye na agbụrụ ndị Africa, otu n'ime nna nna Parks bụ Scots-Irish na otu n'ime nne ochie ya bụ akụkụ- nwa amaala America ohu. <ref name="Remembering Rosa Parks on Her 100th Birthday">{{Cite web|author=Gilmore|first=Kim|title=Remembering Rosa Parks on Her 100th Birthday|url=https://www.biography.com/news/remembering-rosa-parks-on-her-100th-birthday-21114273|work=Biography.com|publisher=A&E Television Networks|accessdate=December 11, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rosa Parks|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brinkley-parks.html|accessdate=2022-02-23|work=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|first=Douglas|author=Brinkley|work=Rosa Parks|title=Chapter 1 (excerpt): 'Up From Pine Level'|publisher=Lipper/Viking; excerpt published in The New York Times|url=https://archive.org/details/rosaparks00brin|accessdate=July 1, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="Webb">{{Cite news|author=Webb|first=James|date=October 3, 2004|title=Why You Need to Know the Scots-Irish|work=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]|url=http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2004/edition_10-03-2004/featured_0|accessdate=September 2, 2006}}</ref> Ọ dị obere mgbe ọ bụ nwata ma nwee ahụ ike na-arịa ọrịa tonsillitis na-adịghị ala ala . Mgbe nne na nna ya kewara, ya na nne ya kwagara Pine Level, dị nnọọ na mpụga isi obodo steeti Montgomery . Ya na nne na nna nne ya, nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke Sylvester tolitere n'ugbo. Ha nile bụ ndị otu Ụka Episcopal Methodist nke Africa (AME), otu ọgbakọ ojii nwere onwe ya nke narị afọ nke ndị ojii nweere onwe ha hiwere na Philadelphia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. McCauley gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ime obodo <ref name="NYT2">{{Cite news|title=Rosa Parks, 92, Founding Symbol of Civil Rights Movement, Dies|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/us/25parks.html?pagewanted=2|date=October 25, 2005|author=Shipp|first=E. R.|authorlink=E. R. Shipp|accessdate=January 1, 2010|page=2}}</ref> ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. Tupu mgbe ahụ, nne ya kụziiri ya "ezigbo ihe gbasara ịkwa akwa". Ọ malitere ịkpụ akwa mkpuchi site n'ihe dị ka afọ isii, ka nne ya na nne nne ya na-eme akwa mkpuchi, ọ na-ejikọta akpa akwa mbụ ya n'onwe ya ihe dị ka afọ iri, bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe, n'ihi na ịkwa akwa bụ ihe omume ezinụlọ na-eme mgbe ọ na-enweghị. ọrụ ubi ma ọ bụ ọrụ a ga-arụ. Ọ mụtara ịkwa akwa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ site na afọ iri na otu; ọ dụchara nke ya "uwe mbụ [ọ] nwere ike iyi". <ref name="Quilts">{{Cite book|editor=MacDowell|chapter=An Interview with Rosa Parks, The Quilter|author=Barney|first=Deborah Smith|title=African American Quiltmaking in Michigan|date=1997|publisher=Michigan State University Press|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/African_American_Quiltmaking_in_Michigan/R63YAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|oclc=36900789|location=East Lansing, MI|isbn=0870134108|pages=x, 133–138|accessdate=October 12, 2020}}</ref> Dịka nwa akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmepụta ihe maka ụmụ agbọghọ dị na Montgomery, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ aka. Parks gara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha nke Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes hibere maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị, mana ọ kwụsịrị iji lekọta nne nne ya na mgbe e mesịrị nne ya, mgbe ha dara ọrịa. <ref name="shraff">{{Cite book|title=Rosa Parks: Tired of Giving In|publisher=Enslow|author=Shraff|first=Anne|year=2005|pages=23–27|isbn=978-0-7660-2463-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J37vgZvCI78C&pg=PA23}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 20, mba ndị bụbu Confederate nakweere iwu ọhụrụ na iwu nhoputa ndi ochichi nke na-anapụ ndị ntuli aka ojii n'ụzọ dị irè na, na Alabama, ọtụtụ ndị ọcha na-atụ vootu dara ogbenye. N'okpuru iwu Jim Crow na-acha ọcha, gafere mgbe ndị Democrats nwetaghachiri ikike nke ndị omebe iwu ndịda, a na-amanye nkewa agbụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na ụlọ ahịa ndị na-ere ahịa na South, gụnyere njem njem ọha. Ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ oloko manyere iwu oche nwere ngalaba dị iche iche maka ndị ojii na ndị ọcha. Ụgbọ njem ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ anaghị adị n'ụdị ọ bụla maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii nọ na ndịda, a na-enwetakwa ego agụmakwụkwọ ojii mgbe niile. Parks chetara ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na Pine Level, ebe ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ebuga ụmụ akwụkwọ ọcha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ha na ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii ga-aga nke ha:<blockquote>M ga-ahụ ngafe ụgbọ ala kwa ụbọchị. . . Ma nye m, nke ahụ bụ ụzọ ndụ; anyị enweghị ihe ọzọ ma ọ bụghị ịnakwere ihe bụ omenala. Ụgbọ ala ahụ so na ụzọ mbụ m si mata na e nwere ụwa ojii na ụwa ndị ọcha. <ref name="The Henry Ford">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehenryford.org/exhibits/rosaparks/story.asp|title=The Story Behind the Bus|work=Rosa Parks Bus|publisher=[[The Henry Ford]]|accessdate=July 1, 2008|archivedate=September 5, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905080138/http://www.thehenryford.org/exhibits/rosaparks/story.asp}}</ref></blockquote>Ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ ndụ Parks na-akọ akụkọ mmalite nke obiọma nke ndị ọcha ọbịbịa, ọ pụghị ileghara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke obodo ya anya. Mgbe Ku Klux Klan gara n'okporo ámá dị n'ihu ụlọ ha, Parks na-echeta nna nna ya ka o ji egbe na-eche ọnụ ụzọ ihu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-11-08/html/CREC-1995-11-08-pt1-PgE2135-2.htm|publisher=republished in Congressional Record Volume 141, Number 176; November 8, 1995|first=Walt|author=Harrington|title=A Person Who Wanted To Be Free|work=[[The Washington Post Magazine]]|date=October 8, 1995|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ Montgomery, nke ndị ọcha ugwu hiwere ma na-arụ ọrụ maka ụmụaka ojii, bụ ndị ọkụ ọkụ gbara ọkụ ugboro abụọ. Ndị ọcha kpagburu ngalaba ya. N'ịbụ ndị ụmụaka ndị ọcha na-amaja ugboro ugboro na mpaghara ya, Parks na-alụkarị ọgụ n'anụ ahụ. O mechara kwuo, sị: "Laa azụ dị ka m chetara, enweghị m ike iche echiche banyere ịnakwere mmeso anụ ahụ na-enweghị ụdị mmegwara ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume." <ref name="rebellious mrs.">{{Cite book|title=The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks|authorlink=Jeanne Theoharis|first=Jeanne|author=Theoharis|publisher=[[Beacon Press]]|year=2013|isbn=9780807076927|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9_YCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA208|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> : 208  In 1932, Rosa married Raymond Parks, a barber from Montgomery.<ref name="rebellious mrs."/>{{rp|13, 15}}<ref name="Crewe Walsh">{{Cite book|title=The Montgomery Bus Boycott|first=Sabrina|author=Crewe|year=2002|publisher=Gareth Stevens|chapter=Chapter 3: The Boycott|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHwiynhKj9UC&pg=PA15|isbn=9780836833942|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> He was a member of the NAACP,<ref name="Crewe Walsh" /> which at the time was collecting money to support the defense of the Scottsboro Boys, a group of black men falsely accused of raping two white women.<ref name="Whitaker 2011">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&pg=PA690|title=Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries|author=Whitaker|first=Matthew|date=March 9, 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313376436}}</ref>{{Rp|690}} Rosa took numerous jobs, ranging from domestic worker to hospital aide. At her husband's urging, she finished her high school studies in 1933, at a time when fewer than 7% of African Americans had a high-school diploma. Na Disemba 1943, Parks ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị ikike obodo, sonye na isi Montgomery nke NAACP, a họpụtara ya ịbụ odeakwụkwọ n'oge a na-ewere nke a dị ka ọrụ nwanyị. O mechara kwuo, sị, "Ọ bụ naanị m bụ nwaanyị nọ ebe ahụ, ha chọkwara odeakwụkwọ, ma m na-atụ ụjọ ịsị mba." <ref>{{Cite news|first=Mark|author=Feeney|title=Rosa Parks, civil rights icon, dead at 92|work=The Boston Globe|date=October 25, 2005|url=https://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/10/25/rosa_parks_civil_rights_icon_whose_single_act_sparked_a_movement_at_92/|accessdate=July 31, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217145942/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/10/25/rosa_parks_civil_rights_icon_whose_single_act_sparked_a_movement_at_92/|archive-date=February 17, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu dị ka odeakwụkwọ ruo 1957. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka onye isi NAACP mpaghara Edgar Nixon, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgidere na-ekwu na "Ụmụ nwanyị adịghị mkpa ịnọ ebe ọ bụla ma na kichin." <ref name="daughters">{{Cite book|title=Freedom's Daughters: The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement from 1830 to 1970|author=Olson|first=L.|date=2001|publisher=Scribner|isbn=9780684850122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lddD_IFIJisC&pg=PA97|accessdate=August 1, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe Parks jụrụ, "Ọfọn, gịnị banyere m?", ọ zara, sị: "Achọrọ m odeakwụkwọ na ị bụ ezigbo onye." <ref name="daughters" /> Na 1944, n'ọrụ ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ, ọ nyochara n'ike-ndina nke Recy Taylor, nwanyị ojii si Abbeville, Alabama . Parks na ndị ọzọ na-akwado ikike obodo haziri " Kọmitii maka ikpe ziri ezi maka Mrs. Recy Taylor", na-ebupụta ihe ''Chicago Defender'' kpọrọ "mgbasa ozi kachasị ike maka ikpe ziri ezi ka a ga-ahụ n'ime afọ iri." <ref>{{Cite news|first=Danielle|author=McGuire|url=http://inamerica.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/01/opinion-its-time-to-free-rosa-parks-from-the-bus/|title=Opinion: It's time to free Rosa Parks from the bus|work=CNN|date=December 1, 2012|accessdate=December 22, 2012|archive-date=December 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205034522/http://inamerica.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/01/opinion-its-time-to-free-rosa-parks-from-the-bus/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Parks gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado mgbochi mmeko nwoke na nwanyị afọ ise ka e mesịrị mgbe o nyere aka hazie ngagharị iwe iji kwado Gertrude Perkins, nwanyị ojii nke ndị uwe ojii Montgomery ọcha abụọ dinara n'ike. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=More Than A Seat On The Bus|url=https://werehistory.org/rosa-parks/|accessdate=2021-03-10|work=We're History|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị onye òtù Kọmunist, ọ na-eso di ya na-aga nzukọ. Ndị Kọmunist mere ka ikpe Scottsboro a ma ama pụta ìhè. <ref>{{Cite news|title=How 'Communism' Brought Racial Equality To The South|publisher=National Public Radio|date=February 16, 2010|work=Tell Me More|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123771194|accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> N'afọ ndị 1940, Parks na di ya bụ ndị òtù League of Women Voters . N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe 1944 gasịrị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị nkenke na Maxwell Air Force Base, nke, n'agbanyeghị ebe ọ dị na Montgomery, Alabama, ekweghị ka agbụrụ agbụrụ n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe onwunwe gọọmenti etiti . Ọ gbagoro n'ụgbọ mmiri agwakọta ya. Mgbe ọ na-agwa onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ ya okwu, Parks kwuru, "Ị nwere ike ịsị Maxwell meghere anya m." Parks rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ na onye na-akwa akwa maka Clifford na Virginia Durr, di na nwunye ọcha. Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị Durrs ghọrọ ndị enyi ya. Ha gbara ume-ma mechaa nyere aka nkwado-Parks in the summer of 1955 ịga Highlander Folk School, ebe agụmakwụkwọ maka ịgba ume na ikike ndị ọrụ na nha anya agbụrụ na Monteagle, Tennessee . N'ebe ahụ Parks ka onye nhazi vetiran soja bụ Septima Clark . <ref name="rebellious mrs."/> N'afọ 1945, n'agbanyeghị iwu Jim Crow na ịkpa ókè nke ndị na-edeba aha na-eme, o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịdebanye aha na votu na mgbalị nke atọ ya. <ref name="Whitaker 2011"/> : 690  N'August 1955, Emmett Till dị afọ iri na ụma egburu onye isi ojii n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ mgbe a kọrọ na ya na otu nwa agbọghọ bụ onye ọcha na-akpa mgbe ọ na-eleta ndị ikwu na [[Mississippi]] . <ref name="DOJ Till">{{Cite news|url=https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2004/May/04_crt_311.htm|title=Justice Department to Investigate 1955 Emmett Till Murder|publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]|date=May 10, 2004|accessdate=May 27, 2007|quote=R. Alexander Acosta, Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division, states, "This brutal murder and grotesque miscarriage of justice outraged a nation and helped galvanize support for the modern American civil rights movement."}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 27, 1955, ụbọchị anọ tupu ya emee ka ọ guzoro na bọs, Rosa Parks gara otu nnukwu nzukọ na Dexter Avenue Baptist Church na Montgomery nke kwuru okwu a, yana igbu ọchụ nke ndị na-akwado George W. Lee na nso nso a. Lamar Smith . Ọkà okwu egosipụtara bụ TRM Howard, onye ndu ndị isi ojii sitere na Mississippi bụ onye isi mpaghara Council of Negro Leadership . <ref>{{Cite book|first=David T.|author=Beito|title=Black Maverick: T. R. M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power|location=Urbana|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2009|pages=138–39}}</ref> Howard wetara akụkọ gbasara ntọhapụ na nso nso a nke ndị nwoke abụọ ahụ gburu Till. Parks nwere nnukwu mwute na iwe na akụkọ ahụ, karịsịa n'ihi na ikpe Till dọtara uche karịa nke ọ bụla n'ime ikpe ya na Montgomery NAACP rụrụ ọrụ na-ma ma, ndị ikom abụọ ahụ ka na-eje ije n'efu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rosaparksbiography.org/bio/emmett-till/|title=Emmett Till {{!}} The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks|work=rosaparksbiography.org|date=May 16, 2016|accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref> == Njide ogige na mgbochi ụgbọ ala == [[Usòrò:Rosaparks_busdiagram.jpg|thumb| Nhazi oche na ụgbọ ala ebe Parks nọdụrụ, Disemba 1, 1955]] === Ụgbọ ala Montgomery: iwu na omenala ndị na-emeri emeri === Na 1900, Montgomery agafeela iwu obodo iji kewaa ndị njem ụgbọ ala site n'agbụrụ. Enyere ndị nduzi ikike ikenye oche iji nweta ebumnobi ahụ. Dị ka iwu si kwuo, ọ dịghị onye njem a ga-achọ ịkwaga ma ọ bụ hapụ oche ya guzoro ma ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala jupụtara na ya na enweghị oche ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga na site n'ọdịnala, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Montgomery nakweere omume nke ịchọ ndị na-agba ojii ka ha kwagharịa mgbe enweghị oche ọ bụla fọdụrụ. <ref>''[[Browder v. Gayle]]'', 142 F. Supp. 707 (1956)</ref> Ahịrị anọ mbụ nke oche na ụgbọ ala Montgomery ọ bụla ka edobere maka ndị ọcha. Ụgbọ ala nwere ngalaba "agba" maka ndị isi ojii n'ozuzu n'azụ ụgbọ ala ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ndị ojii nwere ihe karịrị 75% nke ndị na-agba. Edozighị akụkụ ndị a mana ekpebie ya site na ntinye akara mbugharị. Ndị ojii nwere ike ịnọdụ ala n'ahịrị etiti ruo mgbe akụkụ ọcha jupụtara; ọ bụrụ na ndị ọcha chọkwuru oche, ndị ojii ga-akwaga n'oche n'azụ, guzoro, ma ọ bụ, ọ bụrụ na enweghị ọnụ ụlọ, pụọ na bọs. Ndị isi ojii enweghị ike ịnọdụ ala n'ofe wara wara otu ahịrị ndị ọcha. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nwere ike ibugharị akara ngalaba "acha anụnụ anụnụ", ma ọ bụ wepụ ya kpamkpam. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọcha na-anọdụ ala n'ihu, ndị isi ojii ga-abanye n'ihu iji kwụọ ụgwọ ụgbọ mmiri, wee si n'ụgbọ mmiri pụta ma si n'azụ ụzọ banyeghachi. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị isi ojii na-eme mkpesa na ọnọdụ ahụ ezighị ezi. Parks kwuru, "Iguzogide mmeso ọjọọ m na bọs esiteghị na njide ahụ malitere. Emere m ọtụtụ njem na Montgomery." <ref name="NYT2"/> Otu ụbọchị na 1943, Parks banyere ụgbọ ala ma kwụọ ụgwọ ụgbọ. Ọ kwagara n'oche, mana onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala James F. Blake gwara ya ka ọ gbasoo iwu obodo wee si n'ọnụ ụzọ azụ banye ụgbọ ala ọzọ. Mgbe Parks siri n'ụgbọala ahụ, Blake gawara na-enweghị ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/mar/27/guardianobituaries|title=James F. Blake|work=The Guardian|date=March 26, 2002|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ chere ụgbọ ala na-esote, kpebisiri ike na ha agaghị eso Blake gakwara ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-oct-25-na-parks25-story.html|title=She Set Wheels of Justice in Motion|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Elaine|author=Woo|date=October 25, 2005|accessdate=July 22, 2011}}</ref> === Ọjụjụ ịkwaga === Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ ụbọchị niile, Parks banyere ụgbọ ala Cleveland Avenue, ụgbọ ala General Motors Old Look nke Montgomery City Lines, gburugburu 6&nbsp;pm, Tọzdee, Disemba 1, 1955, na ogbe ndịda Montgomery. Ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ ụgbọ ya wee nọdụ n'oche efu na ahịrị mbụ nke oche azụ echere maka ndị ojii na ngalaba "acha agba". N'akụkụ etiti ụgbọ ala ahụ, ahịrị ya nọ kpọmkwem n'azụ oche iri e debere maka ndị ọcha. Ná mmalite, ọ chọpụtaghị na onye na-anya bọs bụ otu nwoke aha ya bụ James F. Blake, bụ́ onye hapụrụ ya n’oge mmiri ozuzo na 1943. Ka ụgbọ ala ahụ na-aga n'ụzọ ọ na-agakarị, oche niile na-acha ọcha naanị na bọs ahụ jupụtara. Ụgbọ ala ahụ rutere nkwụsị nke atọ n'ihu Ụlọ ihe nkiri Empire, na ọtụtụ ndị njem ọcha banyere. Blake kwuru na ndị njem abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ bụ ndị ọcha guzoro n'ihu ụgbọ ala ahụ jupụtara n'ike. Ọ kwagara akara ngalaba "acha anụnụ anụnụ" n'azụ Parks ma rịọ ka ndị ojii anọ hapụ oche ha n'etiti etiti ka ndị njem ọcha nwee ike ịnọdụ ala. Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, n'icheta ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị ahụ, Parks kwuru, sị, "Mgbe onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ọcha ahụ laghachiri n'ebe anyị nọ, mgbe o fepụrụ aka ya ma nye anyị iwu ka anyị gbagote ma si n'oche anyị pụta, enwere m mmetụta nke mkpebi siri ike kpuchie ahụ m dị ka ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi. abalị oyi." <ref name="Donnie Williams">{{Cite book|author=Williams|first=Donnie|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2005|isbn=1-55652-590-7|title=The Thunder of Angels: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the People who Broke the Back of Jim Crow|url=https://archive.org/details/thunderofangelsm00will/page/48}}</ref> Site na akaụntụ Parks, Blake kwuru, "Ọ ga-aka mma mee ka ọ dịkwuo ọkụ n'onwe gị ma hapụ m ka m nweta oche ndị ahụ." Atọ n'ime ha kwetara. Parks kwuru, "Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala chọrọ ka anyị bilie, anyị anọ. Anyị agagharịghị ná mmalite, ma ọ sịrị, 'Ka m nweta oche ndị a.' Ma mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ kwagara, ma emeghị m ya.” <ref name="CNN obit">{{Cite web|title=CNN.com - Civil rights icon Rosa Parks dies at 92 - Oct 25, 2005|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/10/24/parks.obit/|accessdate=2022-02-23|work=www.cnn.com}}</ref> Nwoke ojii nọ ọdụ n'akụkụ ya hapụrụ oche ya. <ref name="Neary2">{{Cite news|title=Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies|language=en|work=NPR.org|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId&#61;4973548&sourceCode&#61;gaw|accessdate=2022-02-23}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ kwagara, mana n'akụkụ oche windo; o bilieghị ịkwaga na ngalaba agba agbagharịrị edegharị. <ref name="Neary2"/> Parks mechara kwuo banyere a gwara m ka ọ kwaga n'azụ ụgbọ ala ahụ, "Echere m Emmett Till - onye Amerịka dị afọ 14 nke egburu na Mississippi na 1955, mgbe e boro ya ebubo na ọ kpasuru otu nwanyị ọcha na ụlọ nri ezinụlọ ya. ụlọ ahịa, onye a nwara ma tọhapụ ndị gburu ya - na enweghị m ike ịlaghachi." <ref>{{Cite book|author=Houck|first=Davis|title=Emmett Till and the Mississippi Press|url=https://archive.org/details/emmetttillmissis0000houc|location=Jackson, Miss.|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|date=2008|isbn=9781604733044}}</ref> Blake kwuru, "Gịnị kpatara na ị naghị ebili?" Parks zara, "Echeghị m na m ga-ebili ọtọ." Blake kpọrọ ndị uwe ojii ka ha jide Parks. Mgbe ọ na-echeta ihe merenụ maka ''Anya na Nrite'', usoro telivishọn ọha na eze na 1987 na Civil Rights Movement, Parks kwuru, sị, "Mgbe ọ hụrụ ka m nọ ọdụ, ọ jụrụ ma m ga-ebili ọtọ, m wee sị, 'Ee e, m 'M bụghị.' O wee sị, 'Ọfọn, ọ bụrụ na i guzoghị ọtọ, a ga m akpọ ndị uwe ojii ma jide gị.' M sịrị, 'Ị nwere ike ime nke ahụ.'" <ref name="Juan Williams">{{Cite book|title=Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965|author=Williams|first=Juan|authorlink=Juan Williams|year=2002|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-009653-1|url=https://archive.org/details/eyesonprizeameri00will/page/66}}</ref> N'ime mkparịta ụka redio 1956 na Sydney Rogers na West Oakland ọtụtụ ọnwa ka e jidere ya, Parks kwuru na ya ekpebiela, "M ga-amarịrị otu oge na ihe niile ikike m nwere dị ka mmadụ na nwa amaala." <ref name="Charles Marsh">{{Cite book|title=The Beloved Community: How Faith Shapes Social Justice from the Civil Rights to Today|url=https://archive.org/details/belovedcommunity0000mars_z3n7|author=Marsh|first=Charles|publisher=Basic Books|year=2006|isbn=0-465-04416-6}}</ref> Na akụkọ ndụ ya, ''My Story'', o kwuru: Mgbe Parks jụrụ inyefe oche ya, onye uwe ojii jidere ya. Ka onye uwe ojii na-akpọpụ ya, ọ chetara na ọ jụrụ, sị, "Gịnị mere i ji na-akwagharị anyị?" O chetara na ọ sịrị, "Amaghị m, mana iwu bụ iwu, ma a na-ejide gị." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/|title=Rosa Parks: Pioneer of Civil Rights|date=June 2, 1995|publisher=Academy of Achievement|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309183949/https://achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/|archivedate=March 9, 2020|accessdate=April 17, 2020}}</ref> O mechara kwuo, sị, “Ọ bụ naanị na m maara na, ka a na-ejide m, na ọ bụ oge ikpeazụ m ga-eji ụdị ihere a ga-eji gbaa ịnyịnya ígwè. . . . " <ref name="CNN obit"/> Eboro Parks ebubo imebi nke isi nke 6, ngalaba 11 iwu nkewa nke koodu Montgomery City, <ref name="Roberta Hughes Wright">{{Cite book|title=The Birth of the Montgomery Bus Boycott|author=Wright|first=Roberta Hughes|year=1991|publisher=Charro Press|isbn=0-9629468-0-X|url=https://archive.org/details/birthofmontgomer00hugh/page/27}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na teknụzụ ọ wereghị oche naanị ọcha; ọ nọbu na ngalaba nwere agba. <ref name="blessed">{{Cite book|title=Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came Into Being, and Why No One Saw it Coming|author=Hawken|first=Paul|publisher=Viking|year=2007|isbn=978-0-670-03852-7|url=https://archive.org/details/blessedunresthow00hawk/page/79}}</ref> Edgar Nixon, onyeisi oche nke Montgomery isi nke NAACP na onye ndu nke Pullman Porters Union, na enyi ya Clifford Durr gbapụta Parks n'ụlọ nga na mgbede ahụ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Phibbs|first=Cheryl|title=The Montgomery Bus Boycott: A History and Reference Guide|publisher=Greenwood|year=2009|isbn=978-0313358876|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKPtlNXNILsC&pg=PA15}}</ref> <ref name="Stewart Burns">{{Cite book|author=Burns|first=Stewart|title=Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott|publisher=UNC Press|year=1997|isbn=0-8078-4661-9|url=https://archive.org/details/daybreakoffreedo00burn/page/9}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ esiteghị n'echiche nke iji ọdụ ụgbọ ala mee ngagharị iwe. Ndị bu ya ụzọ gụnyere Bayard Rustin na 1942, <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Fellowship|author=Rustin|first=Bayard|date=July 1942|title=Non-Violence vs. Jim Crow}} reprinted in {{Cite book|author=Carson|first=Clayborne|title=Reporting Civil Rights: American journalism, 1941–1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9j8OAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=September 13, 2011|year=2003|publisher=Library of America|pages=15–18|isbn=9781931082280}}</ref> Irene Morgan na 1946, Lillie Mae Bradford na 1951, <ref name="Borger">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/04/usa.julianborger|title=Civil rights heroes may get pardons|first=Julian|author=Borger|date=April 3, 2006|accessdate=March 23, 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Sarah Louise Keys na 1952, yana ndị otu ''Browder v.'' ''Gayle'' 1956 ikpe ( Claudette Colvin, Aurelia Browder, Susie McDonald, na Mary Louise Smith ) bụ ndị e jidere na Montgomery maka ịghara ịhapụ oche ụgbọ ala ha ọnwa ole na ole tupu Parks. === Ụgbọ ala Montgomery kwụsịrị === Parks nyere aka dị mkpa na mkpọsa mbụ maka Congress site n'aka John Conyers . O mere ka Martin Luther King (bụ onye na-adịghị achọkarị ịkwado ndị na-aga ime obodo) ka ha na Conyers pụta, si otú ahụ na-akwalite profaịlụ nke onye novice. <ref name="wasn't">{{Cite journal|first=Jeanne|author=Theoharis|authorlink=Jeanne Theoharis|title='The northern promised land that wasn't': Rosa Parks and the Black Freedom Struggle in Detroit|url=http://www.virginia.edu/lifetimelearning/civilrights/articles/Rosa%20Parks%20and%20the%20Black%20Freedom%20Struggle%20in%20Detroit.pdf|journal=OAH Magazine of History|volume=26|pages=23–27|doi=10.1093/oahmag/oar054|year=2012|archive-date=2014-12-07|access-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207061017/http://www.virginia.edu/lifetimelearning/civilrights/articles/Rosa%20Parks%20and%20the%20Black%20Freedom%20Struggle%20in%20Detroit.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe a họpụtara Conyers, ọ goro ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ na onye na-anabata ndị ọrụ ọgbakọ ọgbakọ ya na Detroit. Ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa a ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1988. <ref name="NYT2"/> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ekwentị ya na CNN na October 24, 2005, Conyers chetara, "Ị mesoro ya nkwanye ùgwù n'ihi na ọ dị jụụ, dị jụụ - naanị onye pụrụ iche.&nbsp;. . . Enwere naanị otu ogige Rosa." <ref name="CNN 2005-10-30">{{Cite news|title=Parks remembered for her courage, humility|date=October 30, 2005|work=CNN|accessdate=July 1, 2008|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/10/25/parks.reax/index.html}}</ref> N'ịrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị maka Conyers, Parks na-elekwasịkarị anya n'okwu metụtara mmekọrịta ọha na eze gụnyere ọdịmma, agụmakwụkwọ, ịkpa oke ọrụ, na ụlọ dị ọnụ ala. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị agadi, na nzukọ obodo ndị ọzọ wee mee ka Conyers guzosie ike na nchegbu obodo na mmemme. <ref name="wasn't" /> Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị isi ojii Detroit, Parks nọgidere na-enwe nchegbu karịsịa maka okwu ụlọ. Ya onwe ya bi na agbataobi, Virginia Park, nke iwu okporo ụzọ na mmeghari ohuru nke obodo mebiri emebi. Ka ọ na-erule 1962, atumatu ndị a ebibila ụlọ 10,000 na Detroit, na-achụpụ mmadụ 43,096, pasent 70 n'ime ha bụ African-American. Ogige ntụrụndụ bi nanị kilomita site n'etiti ọgba aghara ahụ weere ọnọdụ na Detroit na 1967, o weere ịkpa ókè ụlọ anya dị ka isi ihe kpalitere ọgba aghara ahụ. <ref name="wasn't"/> N'ikpeazụ, Parks jikọrọ aka na ndị otu Njikọ nke Ndị Ọrụ Black Revolutionary na Republic of New Afrika n'ịkwalite mmata maka mmegbu ndị uwe ojii n'oge esemokwu ahụ. Ọ jere ozi na "ụlọikpe ndị mmadụ" n'August 30, 1967, na-enyocha ogbugbu nke ndị uwe ojii gburu ụmụ okorobịa atọ n'oge ọgba aghara Detroit 1967, na ihe a bịara mara dị ka ihe omume Algiers Motel . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rosaparksbiography.org/bio/the-peoples-tribunal-on-the-algiers-motel-killings/|title=The People's Tribunal on the Algiers Motel Killings {{!}} The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks|work=rosaparksbiography.org|date=May 18, 2016|accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref> O nyekwara aka guzobe kansụl district nke Virginia Park iji nyere aka wughachi mpaghara ahụ. Kansụl ahụ mere ka owuwu nke naanị otu ụlọ ahịa ndị ojii nwere na mba ahụ. <ref name="wasn't"/> Parks so na ngagharị ike ojii, na-aga ogbako Black Power Philadelphia na Mgbakọ Ọchịchị ojii na Gary, Indiana. Ọ kwadokwara wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Black Panther dị na Oakland. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psc-cuny.org/clarion/march-2013/alabama-detroit-rosa-parks-rebellious-life|title=From Alabama to Detroit: Rosa Parks' Rebellious Life|work=psc-cuny.org|date=March 13, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/2/2/1/9/p522193_index.html?phpsessid=52461e5fbc3ff8d78be0c47d44ef4d26|title='I Don't Believe in Gradualism': Rosa Parks and the Black Power Movement in Detroit|work=allacademic.com|accessdate=December 11, 2014|archivedate=December 11, 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20141211203242/http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/2/2/1/9/p522193_index.html?phpsessid=52461e5fbc3ff8d78be0c47d44ef4d26}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/02/02/rosa-parks-stamp/1885129/|title=Stamp ceremony kicks off day in Parks' honor|date=February 3, 2013|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f84otxw17w8i6mcs4hs05pro8y8u006 0 12400 728278 422246 2026-09-26T18:24:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rosemary Patricia''' " '''Pebe''' " '''Sebert''' ( /ˈp iː b i PEE -bee / -ərt ; _ _ amuru Maachị 17, 1956) bu onye America na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede abụ sitere na Brentwood, Tennessee, na nne nke onye ọbụ abụ na onye na-agụ abụ Kesha . Sebert nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ-otu hits maka Dolly Parton, Pitbull, na Kesha, nwa ya nwanyị. Sebert na Kesha edeela egwu iri na otu ebipụtara ọnụ. Egwu Sebert dere maka ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ ejikọtala ahịa nke ihe karịrị nde 8 na United States naanị. <ref name="sales">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Ke$ha&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2010&sort=Artist&perPage=25|title=Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – May 09, 2014|publisher=RIAA|date=n.d.|accessdate=May 9, 2014}}</ref> Na 2013, Sebert pụtara dị ka onye na-emekarị ihe ngosi eziokwu ''Kesha: My Crazy Beautiful Life'', nke kpakpando Kesha na-ese onyinyo ya na nwa ya nwoke Lagan sere ya. == Mbido ndụ ya == A mụrụ Sebert na March 17, 1956, na Michigan City, Indiana, ma nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'ugbo nne na nna ya. Nna ya sitere na German na nne ya bụ onye Hungarian . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Brodsky|first=Rachel|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2303977/kesha-vinny-guadagnino-interview/|title=Ke$ha Once Snuck into Prince's House & 5 Other Fascinating Things We Learned From Her Interview With Vinny Guadagnino (VIDEO)|publisher=MTV News|date=April 15, 2013|accessdate=March 24, 2022|archivedate=November 19, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119221608/http://www.mtv.com/news/2303977/kesha-vinny-guadagnino-interview/}}</ref> Pebe malitere ịbụ abụ na ịmepụta abụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 4 ma na-abụ abụ n'ihu ọha mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ọ zụrụ azụ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú ma kpọọ piano na guitar. Sebert bụrụ abụ n'ìgwè, ìgwè, na dị ka onye na-ese ihe. Ọ banyere na Interlochen Arts Academy a ma ama mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, bụ ebe o sonyere na otu ndị Madrigal pụrụ iche, nke na-aga site na òkù na Europe. Ọ gakwara njem nlegharị anya dị ka soprano ya na ndị ntorobịa America na Symphony na Choir. Ọ malitere igwu ụlọ kọfị na Chicago na Europe n'oge ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3732465/bio|title=Kesha|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ ndị 1970, Sebert dere " Ochie ọkụ enweghị ike ijide gị kandụl " ya na di mgbe ahụ Hugh Moffatt maka onye ọbụ abụ mba [[Olile anyanwu Amerika|America]] bụ Joe Sun maka album ya ''Old Flames'' . <ref name="tennessean">{{Cite web|title=Ke$ha following mom's country music lead?|url=http://blogs.tennessean.com/tunein/tag/pebe-sebert/|work=[[The Tennessean]]|publisher=Carol Hudler|accessdate=October 31, 2012}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya nsụgharị Sun ghọrọ ihe egwu, na-arị elu na Nke 14 na ''chaatị Billboard'' Hot Country Songs . Dolly Parton tinyere mkpuchi nke egwu na album 1980 ''Dolly, Dolly, Dolly'' afọ abụọ ka ewepụtara ụdị Sun. Ụdị Parton ghọrọ nnukwu ihe egwu, ruru Nke 1 na ''chaatị Billboard'' Hot Country Songs. <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944–2006, Second edition|author=Whitburn|first=Joel|authorlink=Joel Whitburn|year=2004|publisher=Record Research}}</ref> "Old ọkụ enweghị ike ijide gị kandụl" mechara kpuchie ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere ada Sebert Kesha maka egwu agbatịkwuru ''Deconstructed'' na album studio nke atọ ya ''Rainbow'' . Na 2004, Sebert gbazinyere ụda olu ya na album ezumike mpụta mbụ nke X-Mas Balls, ''Ọ Hapụrụ M Maka Rudolph'', na-abụ abụ "Ọ bụrụ na m bụ mmụọ ozi" na Ned McElroy na Jerry Williams. <ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|author=Pebe Sebert|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pebe-sebert-mn0001317929|title=Pebe Sebert &#124; Songs|publisher=AllMusic|date=n.d.|accessdate=May 9, 2014}}</ref> Na May 2005, Sebert na ụmụ ya abụọ Kesha na Lagan gbara egwu na ihe omume nke usoro eziokwu ''The Simple Life'' nke gbara Paris Hilton na Nicole Richie . N'ime ihe omume May 12, 2005 "Onye Nhazi Wedding," Sebert na-ahapụ Hilton na Richie ka ha nọrọ n'ụlọ ya ka ha na-agbalị ịhazi agbamakwụkwọ ma mesịa gbalịa, site n'enyemaka Kesha, ịtọ Sebert n'ụbọchị. <ref name="imdb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5402979/|title=Pebe Sebert|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, Sebert dekọtara egwu egwu nwa ya nwanyị Kesha bụ " Ịhụnanya Gị Bụ Ọgwụ M ", nke ghọrọ Top 10 na-alụbeghị di na mba itoolu wee rute platinum atọ na US N'afọ ahụ, Sebert na Kesha nyere egwu "Asọ oyi" onye na-agụ pop pop Miranda Cosgrove maka album mbụ ya, ma nye aka na egwu egwu maka mpụta mbụ nke Miley Cyrus EP, ''Oge nke Ndụ Anyị'' . Na 2012 Sebert kwadoro "Warrior", "Dirty Love", "Wonderland", "Gold Trans Am", na "Out Alive" maka Kesha nke abụọ album ''Warrior'' . Sebert nyekwara ụda nkwado maka egwu "Dirty Love", nke gosipụtara Iggy Pop, na "Gold Trans Am". <ref name="allmusic"/> N'April 2013 Sebert pụtara na Kesha's reality show ''Kesha: My Crazy Beautiful Life'' nke nwa ya nwoke Lagan Sebert mere ihe nkiri wee gbasaa na MTV . Oge mbụ (Eprel 23, 2013 - Mee 28, 2013) dekọtara ndụ Kesha ka ọ malitere njem nlegharị anya mbụ ya wee rụọ ọrụ na album nke abụọ ya, ''Warrior'' . <ref name="imdb"/> Oge nke abụọ gosipụtara Kesha na-etinyekwu oge n'ụlọ na-ewe ezumike dị oke mkpa, ma gosipụta nwa Sebert nke ọdụdụ na nwanne Kesha nke ọdụdụ, Louie, onye na-apụtabeghị na oge mbụ. Oge nke abụọ sitere na Ọktoba 30 ruo Disemba 18, 2013. Na 2013, Sebert kwadoro Kesha na American rapper Pitbull 's hit single " Timber ", nke e wepụtara na October 2, 2013, wee ghọọ a Top 10 otu na 28 mba na 1 na 12 mba. <ref name="SWEDENTIMBER">{{Cite web|author=Steffen Hung|url=http://www.swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Pitbull+feat.+Ke%24ha&titel=Timber&cat=s|title=Pitbull feat. Ke$ha – Timber|publisher=swedishcharts.com|date=n.d.|accessdate=May 9, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="CANADATIMBER">{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/339631/Pitbull/chart?f=793|title=Pitbull – Chart history|work=Billboard|date=n.d.|accessdate=May 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619172941/http://www.billboard.com/artist/339631/Pitbull/chart?f=793|archive-date=June 19, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AUSTRIATIMBER">{{Cite web|author=Steffen Hung|url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Pitbull+feat.+Ke%24ha&titel=Timber&cat=s|title=Pitbull feat. Ke$ha – Timber|publisher=australian-charts.com|date=n.d.|accessdate=May 9, 2014}}</ref> Na Disemba 31, 2013, Kesha wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka "Dirty Love", nke Sebert dekọrọ na nke o nyere aka n'olu. N'afọ 2017, Sebert rụpụtara Kesha's backback album ''Rainbow'' nke gosipụtara egwu ọhụrụ abụọ nke ndị duo dere ("Hymn" na "Mụta Ka Go"), yana duet nke "Ọkụ Ochie enweghị ike ijide kandụl. nye Gị", n'etiti Kesha na Parton. Sebert so Kesha na nwa ya nwoke Louie dee duet " Safe ", bụ ndị mere ya na onye rapper Chika. == Ndụ onwe onye == Sebert lụrụ Hugh Moffatt, onye o dere "Old ọkụ enweghị ike ijide gị kandụl", <ref name="tennessean"/> ruo afọ asaa, kewapụrụ na 1984. Ha nwere otu nwa ọnụ, Lagan Sebert. Ọ na-azọrọ na mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm ahụ gasịrị, ya na Lagan bi na ụgwọ ọdịmma na stampụ nri . <ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/29/kesha-interview-elizabeth-day|title=She's a walking, talking living dollar|accessdate=November 29, 2010|date=November 29, 2010|first=Elizabeth|author=Day|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Na 1987, Sebert mụrụ nwa nwanyị Kesha Rose Sebert . Sebert na-ebutekarị Kesha na ụmụnne ya n'ebe a na-edekọ ihe ma gbaa Kesha ume ka ọ bụrụ abụ. <ref name="guardian"/> Ọ kwagara ezinụlọ ahụ na Nashville, Tennessee na 1991 mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nkwekọrịta mbipụta ọhụrụ maka ide abụ ya. N'October 12, 1999, a mụrụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ Sebert, Louis Sage "Louie" Sebert, n'agbanyeghị na a nabatara ya. Ọ pụtara na ihe omume nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn ''Victorious'' n'akụkụ Kesha. Site na Lagan, Pebe nwere ụmụ ụmụ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4523094/bio|title=Lagan Sebert|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Mgbe Sebert na Kesha kwuchara na ha amaghị onye nna Kesha bụ, Bob Chamberlain gakwuru ''Star'' na 2011 na foto na akwụkwọ ozi, na-ekwu na ha bụ ihe akaebe na ya na Kesha na-akpakọrịta mgbe niile dị ka nna na nwa nwanyị tupu ọ dị afọ 19. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Still|first=Jennifer|title=Ke$ha dad: 'She lied about knowing me'|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a299462/keha-dad-she-lied-about-knowing-me.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref> Sebert nyochara na Timberline Knolls Residential Treatment Center na Lemont, Illinois, maka rehab na January 2014, na-azọrọ na ya nwere nsogbu nrụgide post-traumatic site na trauma nke Kesha na-awakpo ya site na ndekọ ndekọ ya na Dr. Luke . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Telling|first=Gillian|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20774806,00.html|title=Ke$ha's Mom, Pebe Sebert, Checks into Rehab Center With Daughter|work=People|date=n.d.|accessdate=May 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415135718/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20774806,00.html|archive-date=April 15, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sebert kwetara na ya bụ onye ọgwụ ọjọọ riri ahụ na onye aṅụrụma ma kpọọ Kesha gaa nzukọ Alcoholics Anonymous kemgbe Kesha dị otu afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://popcrush.com/kesha-pebe-sebert-rehab/|title=Kesha's Mom Pebe Sebert Checks into Rehab With Her|publisher=Popcrush.com|date=n.d.|accessdate=May 9, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.celebuzz.com/2014-01-08/kehas-mom-speaks-out-she-doesnt-have-a-drinking-problem/|title=Ke$ha's Mom Speaks Out: "She Doesn't Have a Drinking Problem"|publisher=Celebuzz.com|date=January 8, 2014|accessdate=May 9, 2014|archivedate=January 8, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108234045/http://www.celebuzz.com/2014-01-08/kehas-mom-speaks-out-she-doesnt-have-a-drinking-problem/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wonderwall.msn.com/music/kehas-mom-pebe-sebert-my-daughters-not-in-rehab-for-alcohol-shes-bulimic-1790932.story|title=Ke$ha's mother Pebe Sebert: My daughter's not in rehab for alcohol, she's bulimic &#124; Wonderwall|publisher=MSN|date=January 9, 2014|accessdate=May 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816045624/http://wonderwall.msn.com/music/kehas-mom-pebe-sebert-my-daughters-not-in-rehab-for-alcohol-shes-bulimic-1790932.story|archivedate=August 16, 2014}}</ref> {{See also|List of songs written by Pebe Sebert}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:left;" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" | Aha ! scope="col" | Album ! scope="col" | Ndị nka nka kredit ! scope="col" | Ihe ndetu |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | "Ọ bụrụ na m bụ mmụọ ozi" | ''Ọ hapụrụ m maka Randolph'' | Pebe Sebert, Ned McElroy, Jerry Williams | Onye egwu egwu egwu |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | "Ịhụnanya ruru unyi" | ''dike'' | Kesha, Iggy Pop | rowspan="3" | Onye na-akụ ụda n'azụ |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" | 2017 | "Mụta ịhapụ ịhapụ" | rowspan="4" | ''Egwurugwu'' | Kesha |- | "Boogie Feet" | Kesha, Ugo nke Ọnwụ Ọnwụ |- | "ọkụ ochie enweghị ike ijide gị kandụl" | Kesha, Dolly Parton | Onye nrụpụta |- | "Spaceship" | rowspan="2" | Kesha | rowspan="2" | Onye na-akụ ụda n'azụ |- ! scope="row" | 2020 | "Abụ nduku (Cuz Achọrọ m)" | ''Ụzọ dị elu'' |- ! scope="row" | 2021 | "Vampire" | | Pebe Sebert | Otu mpụta mbụ, edepụtara na 1985 |- |} BMI Pop Music Awards * 2010 (" Ịhụnanya gị bụ ọgwụ m " Kesha) <ref name="award1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmi.com/press/entry/551489|title=2011 BMI Pop Music Award List &#124; Press|publisher=BMI.com|date=May 18, 2011|accessdate=May 9, 2014}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Igwe onyonyo ! Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 2005 | ''Ndụ Dị Mfe'' | Onwe ya | "Onye Nhazi Agbamakwụkwọ" (Oge nke 3, Nkeji 15) |- | 2013 | ''Kesha: Ndụ m mara mma'' | Onwe ya | Usoro oge niile (Ngalaba iri na anọ) |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|5402979}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ndenz2pro57190hfurcb0lx5ouqy20a 0 12403 728361 131315 2026-09-27T01:20:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sani Haruna Kaita''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị abụọ nke ọnwa Mee afọ 1986) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] bụ onye gbara egwu dị ka onye mgbachite eititi . == Ọrụ klọb == A mụrụ Kaita na [[Kano]], Nigeria. Ọ sonyeere Sparta Rotterdam na oge 2005–06 site na Kano Pillars FC. Kaita kwagara AS Monaco FC n'ọnwa Septemba 2008. Kaita hapụrụ Monaco n'ụbọchị iri n'atọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị 2009 wee sonye FC Kuban Krasnodar na mbinye ruo ụbọchị iri atọ n'otu nke ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://russia.theoffside.com/team-news/sani-kaita-loaned-to-fc-kuban-from-monaco.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=13 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719191741/http://russia.theoffside.com/team-news/sani-kaita-loaned-to-fc-kuban-from-monaco.html|archivedate=19 July 2010}}</ref> N'ụbọchị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2009, Lokomotiv Moscow bịanyere aka na onye egwuregwu etiti Naijiria na mbinye site na Monaco ruo ọnwa Disemba. N'ụbọchị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2010 Alania Vladikavkaz bịanyere aka na onye egwuregwu etiti na mbinye. Na'ụbọchị iri atọ na otu nke ọnwa Mee afọ 2010 FC Metalist Kharkiv bịanyere aka na Kaita na mbinye. N'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke windo mbufe oge oyi nke afọ 2011, Kaita kwagara n'akụkụ Greek Superleague Iraklis na nkwekọrịta mbinye ọnwa isii. N'ọnwa April afọ 2014, Kaita laghachiri ọzụzụ na Nigeria na Enyimba FC O mere mpụta mbụ ya megide Sharks FC n'ụbọchị asa nke ọnwa mee wee jiri mbinye ọnwa atọ na akụkụ Aba. Nbinye ego a bụ akụkụ nke ebumnuche ndị otu Njikọ njikwa maka ndị ọkachamara dabere na mba ofesi. Ọ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ maka Ifeanyi Ubah na Nigeria premier league maka oge 2015, mana ọ gbara naanị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ. Na 2016, o sonyeere otu ụlọ ọrụ Finnish, JS Hercules, bụ nke onye nchịkwa mbụ ya bụ Daniel Amokachi . <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=JS Hercules official site|url=http://jshercules.com/site/2016/sani-kaita-joins-js-hercules/?lang=en|title=Sani Kaita joins Hercules|date=21 August 2016|accessdate=21 August 2016}}</ref> Maka oge afọ 2017, Kaita bịanyere aka na Veikkausliiga otu RoPS . <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Veikkausliiga official site|url=http://www.veikkausliiga.com/uutiset/2016/10/21/sani-kaita-ja-rops-sopimukseen-kaudesta-2017|title=Sani Kaita ja RoPS sopimukseen kaudesta 2017|date=21 October 2016|language=fi|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> O mere mpụta mbụ ya maka otu ahụ na ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2017 na mmeri Iko Suomen 3–0 megide HauPa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.palloliitto.fi/tulospalvelu/ottelu%26758823%26MSC|title=Official match report|accessdate=26 January 2018|archivedate=21 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921193511/https://www.palloliitto.fi/tulospalvelu/ottelu%26758823%26MSC}}</ref> O nyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na abụọ nke ọnwa Eprel megide Ilves Tampere na nkeji iri asaa na Itoolu, mgbe e butere ya nkeji atọ tupu mgbe ahụ maka mmerụ ahụ nke onye isi otu Antti Okkonen . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fcupdate.nl/voetbaluitslagen/270868/veikkausliiga-ilves-rops-rovaniemi/|title=Wedstrijd: Ilves - RoPS Rovaniemi|date=22 April 2017|language=nl|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.veikkausliiga.com/tilastot/2017/veikkausliiga/ottelut/771944/raportti/|title=RoPS:lle kauden avausvoitto (Ilves-RoPS 0-2)|date=22 April 2017|language=fi|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> Na njedebe nke afọ ahụ, a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe ọ gosipụtara kwa mgbe kwa mgbe na ọkara nke abụọ nke oge. Mgbe oge ahụ gasịrị, a na-akpọ nbinye aka ya n'ihu ọha ọnụ ahịa na-adịghị mma site n'aka onyeisi oche klọb Risto Niva. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lapinkansa.fi/uusirovaniemi/yleisomaarat-olivat-ropslle-iso-pettymys-nyt-on-mietinnan-paikka-200496573/|title=Yleisömäärät olivat RoPS:lle iso pettymys: "Nyt on mietinnän paikka"|date=1 November 2017|language=fi|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Kaita bara anya Sparta mgbe ọ na-egwu egwuregwu asaa niile n'erubeghi afọ iri abụọ Nigeria na Iko mba ụwa nke FIA kwagidere n'afọ 2005 na Netherlands. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080810234946/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=233751/index.html Record at FIFA Tournaments] -FIFA</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị otu egwuregwu mba Nigeria nke mere mpụta mbụ ya na mmeri 3–0 enyi na enyi megide Romania n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2005. A chụpụrụ Kaita n'asọmpi megide Gris n'ụbọchị iri asaa nke ọnwa June nke afọ 2010, na egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụwa nke abụọ nke 2010 maka Vasilis Torosidis <ref>{{Cite news|author=Musa|first=Tansa|title=Kaita's red card brings thousand death threats from Nigeria fans|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/kaita-s-red-card-brings-thousand-death-threats-from-nigeria-fans-2006143.html|accessdate=19 July 2021|work=The Independent|date=23 October 2011}}</ref> Nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Naịjirịa mbụ agbapụrụ n'ọpụpụ n'asọmpi iko mba ụwa. Gris gara n'ihu nye goolu mbụ ha na iko mba ụwa, wee merie egwuregwu mbụ ha na Iko Mbaụwa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/world-cup-2010/news/7830529/Greece-v-Nigeria-live.html|title=Greece v Nigeria: live|date=17 June 2010|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=17 June 2010|first=Mike|author=Norrish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311164101/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/world-cup-2010/news/7830529/Greece-v-Nigeria-live.html|archive-date=11 March 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == '''Naijiria''' * Iko Mba Afrịka : 2006, 2010 onye nwetara ihe nrite ọla * Egwuregwu Olympic : 2008 gbara ọsọ '''Nigeria n'okpuru afọ iri abụọ''' * FIFA U-20 World Cup : 2005 onye osote onye mmeri == Njikọ mpụga == * Sani Kaita * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080415095723/http://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/elftal/spelersinfo.asp?playerid=20 Profaịlụ ọkpụkpọ] – Sparta Rotterdam * [http://www.vi.nl/Spelers/Speler/SaniKaita.htm Ọnụ ọgụgụ] ọrụ - Voetbal International (in Dutch) * Sani Kaita </img> == Ebensidee == <references group=""></references> {{Navboxes|title=Nigeria Squads|bg=#008751|fg=White|bordercolor=|list1={{Nigeria Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} {{Nigeria Squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria Squad 2010 World Cup}}}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu JS Hercules]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu otu mba Moldovia]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu ọkwa mbụ nke Ukraine]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu Naijirịa na Scotland]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu ịgba bọọlụ na Finland]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu Naijirịa na Monaco]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị nwetara ihe nrite na Olimpiki oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2008]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị nwetara ihe nrite Olimpiki n'ịgba bọọlu]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu FIFA n'iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2010]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu ọkwa mbụ nke Russia]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Enyimba F.C]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu ịgba bọọlụ na Greece]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu Naijirịa na Ukraine]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu Ukraine]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu ịgba bọọlụ na Russia]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu Naijirịa na France]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu na Monaco]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu na France]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu Naijirịa na Netherlands]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị ọkachamara egwuregwu Nịgba bọọlụ na Netherlands]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị eguregwu iko mba Afrịka na 2010]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị eguregwu iko mba Afrịka na 2006]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Naijirịa ritere ọla ọcha na Olimipik]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu ịgba bọọlụ Naijirịa na Olimpik]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị eguregwu bọọlụ na Olimpik oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2008]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Naijirịa n'erubeghi afọ iri abụọ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Naijirịa bụ ndị egwuregwu Mba ụwa]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Veikkausliga]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu nke nkewa mbụ nke Cypriot]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu otu ọkwa nke mbụ na Greece]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Egwuregwu Ligue 1]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Eredivisie]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Iraklis Thessaloniki F. C]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu FC Metalist Kharkiv]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu SC Tavria Simferopol]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu FC Spartark Vladikavkaz]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Lokomotiv Moscow]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu FC Kuban Krasnodar]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu AS Monaco]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Sparta Rotterdam]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu Kano pillars FC]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Naijirịa]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị nzukọ bọọlụ etiti]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Egwuregwu si Kano]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1986]] 1uysa9f0zncb0plwfap89cg8agbxcms 0 12432 728304 165295 2026-09-26T20:00:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Rachel Johnson|children=3|occupation=Author, presenter|alma_mater={{Ubl|[[European School of Brussels I]]|[[New College, Oxford]]}}|education=|relatives={{plain list| * [[Boris Johnson]] (brother) * [[Jo Johnson]] (brother) * [[Julia Johnson]] (half-sister) * [[Carrie Symonds]] (sister-in-law) * [[Amelia Gentleman]] (sister-in-law) * [[James Fawcett (barrister)|James Fawcett]] (grandfather) * [[Edmund Fawcett]] (uncle) * [[Ali Kemal]] (great grandfather) * [[Elias Avery Lowe]] (great grandfather) * [[Helen Tracy Lowe-Porter]] (great grandmother) }}|mother=[[Charlotte Johnson Wahl|Charlotte Fawcett]]|father=[[Stanley Johnson (writer)|Stanley Johnson]]|spouse={{marriage|Ivo Dawnay|1992}}|image=Rachel Johnson in 2014.jpg|party=[[Independent politician|Independent]] (before 2008, 2019–)<br />[[Change UK]] (2019)<br />[[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] (2017–2019)<br />[[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] (2008–2011)|nationality=British|birth_place=[[London]], England|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1965|9|3}}|birth_name=Rachel Sabiha Johnson|caption=Johnson in 2014|website=}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Rachel Sabiha Johnson''' (amụrụ 3 Septemba 1965) bụ onye nta akụkọ Britain, onye na-egosi ihe onyonyo na onye ode akwụkwọ dabere na London. Johnson apụtala ugboro ugboro na mkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gụnyere ''Nkwa'' na Sky News <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-05|title=Sky News to launch Question Time rival The Pledge|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/apr/06/sky-news-to-launch-question-time-rival-the-pledge|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> na mmemme arụmụka BBC One, ''Oge Ajụjụ'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Question Time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b061vh6h|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2018, ọ sonyere na usoro 21st nke ''Celebrity Big Brother'' <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/42471142/rachel-johnson-to-take-part-in-celeb-big-brother|title=Rachel Johnson to take part in Celeb Big Brother|work=BBC News|date=24 December 2017|accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> ma chụpụrụ ya nke abụọ. Ọ bụ onye isi ndoro-ndoro ochichi Change UK maka mpaghara South West England na ntuli aka nzuko omeiwu Europe 2019 . == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Johnson bụ nwa nke onye bụbu Conservative MEP Stanley Johnson na onye na-ese ihe Charlotte Johnson Wahl ( ''née'' Fawcett). Ọ bụ nwanne nke obere Boris Johnson, Prime Minister nke United Kingdom na Conservative MP maka Uxbridge na South Ruislip ; <ref name="The Daily Telegraph">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/borisjohnson/1924866/London-mayor-elections-2008-Family-of-influence-behind-Boris-Johnson.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Family of influence behind Boris Johnson|date=3 May 2008|accessdate=6 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123154101/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/borisjohnson/1924866/London-mayor-elections-2008-Family-of-influence-behind-Boris-Johnson.html|archive-date=23 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/boris-johnson/1423|work=The Houses of Parliament|title=Rt Hon Boris Johnson MP|accessdate=24 July 2019}}</ref> na nwanne nwanyị nke okenye Jo Johnson, onye bụbu MP Conservative maka Orpington . <ref name="The Daily Telegraph" /> N'akụkụ nna ya, Johnson bụ nwa nwa Ali Kemal, onye nta akụkọ Circassian-Turkish na-emesapụ aka na onye na-ahụ maka ime obodo na gọọmentị Damat Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, bụ onye e gburu n'oge agha Turkey nke nnwere onwe na 1922. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, a ghọtara nna nna ya na nne nne ya dị ka ndị Britain ma were aha nne nne ha bụ Johnson. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/629286/my-dream-for-turkey-by-boriss-greatgrandfather.thtml|title=Spectator article by Norman Stone|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628184602/http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/629286/my-dream-for-turkey-by-boriss-greatgrandfather.thtml|archivedate=28 June 2010}}</ref> N'akụkụ nne ya ọ bụ nwa nwa Sir James Fawcett, onye ọka iwu ama ama na onye isi oche nke European Commission of Human Rights . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Johnson|first=Rachel|title=Rachel Johnson: my mother is a painter, not a Johnson|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/rachel-johnson-my-mother-is-a-painter-not-a-johnson-8pw97jc2z86|accessdate=2020-11-20}}</ref> Aha etiti Johnson, Sabiha, pụtara "ututu" na Arabic ma na-ejikarị dị ka aha enyere na Turkey. Ọ bụ aha nwunye nke abụọ nke nna nna ya Ali Kemal, onye bụ ada Zeki Pasha . <ref>Andrew Gimson, ''Boris: The Adventures of Boris Johnson'' (2012), p. 51</ref> Stanley Johnson mere enyi nna nna ya nwoke Zeki Kuneralp, nwa Sabiha, mgbe Kuneralp bụ onye nnọchianya Turkey na Ụlọikpe St James na 1960. Agụrụ ya akwụkwọ na Winsford First School na Exmoor, Primrose Hill Primary na Camden, north London, European School of Brussels, ụlọ akwụkwọ Ashdown nọọrọ onwe ya na East Sussex, Bryanston School na Dorset na St Paul's Girls' School . <ref>Johnson, Rachel. (6 May 2011). "[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/8494933/Rachel-Johnson-Boarding-school-made-me.html Rachel Johnson: Boarding school made me]". ''[[Telegraph Media Group|The Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 14 May 2013.</ref> Na 1984 ọ nọrọ ọnwa atọ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo kibbutz <ref>{{Cite news|author=Elmas|first=Dean Schmuel|title=When Boris Johnson visited Israel as a 20-year-old|url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2019/07/24/when-boris-johnson-visited-israel-as-a-20-year-old/|accessdate=13 May 2021|work=www.israelhayom.com}}</ref> wee gaa New College, Oxford, ịgụ Classics ( Literae Humaniores ); <ref>"[http://www.soholitfest.com/?p=1970 Rachel Johnson]", ''Soho Literary Festival". Retrieved 14 May 2013.''</ref> n'ebe ahụ ọ deziri akwụkwọ ''Isis'' nke ụmụ akwụkwọ <ref>Noble, Victoria. (20 May 2010). "[http://oxfordstudent.com/2010/05/20/interview-rachel-johnson/ Interview: Rachel Johnson]". ''[[The Oxford Student]]''. Retrieved 14 May 2013.</ref> wee jiri 2:1 gụchaa.  == Ọrụ nta akụkọ == [[Usòrò:Rachel_Johnson_and_Emily_Maitlis_FT_Summer_Party_2014.jpg|thumb| Johnson na Emily Maitlis na 2014]] Na 1989 ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ nke ''Financial Times'', na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ebe o dere banyere akụ na ụba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Newman|first=Vicki|date=2018-01-19|title=Here's the lowdown on Boris Johnson's sister and CBB housemate Rachel Johnson|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/who-boris-sister-rachel-johnson-11787344|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=mirror|language=en}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ otu afọ na nke abụọ na ndị ọrụ na-eme atụmatụ amụma ụlọ ọrụ Ofesi na 1992–93. Ọ kwagara BBC na 1994, mana hapụrụ ịkwaga [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye nweere onwe ya na 1997. <ref name=":0" /> O deela ogidi kwa izu maka ''Sunday Telegraph'', ''Daily Telegraph'', ''Standard Night'' na ogidi ndị ọzọ mgbe niile maka ''Easy Living'' and ''She'' magazines, yana ''Financial Times'' . <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=60 minutes with Rachel Johnson – China Exchange|url=https://chinaexchange.uk/events/60-minutes-with-rachel-johnson/|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=chinaexchange.uk|archivedate=2021-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118033858/https://chinaexchange.uk/events/60-minutes-with-rachel-johnson/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Spectator'' na ruo mgbe 2009 bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu na ''Sunday Times'' na ''Evening Standard'', n'etiti akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Ugbu a, ọ na-ede otu kọlụm kwa izu na ''Mail na Sunday'', kọlụm maka ''nnukwu mbipụta'' <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20160911191316/http://www.bigissue.com/authors/rachel-johnson Rachel Johnson]". ''[[The Big Issue]]''. Retrieved 13 May 2013.</ref> na kọlụm maka ''Oldie'' . N'April 2014 ọ bụ onye ọka ikpe na ndepụta ikike ''elekere nke nwanyị'' BBC 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Woman's Hour Power List 2014 – the panel|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qlvb/features/power-list-panel-2014|publisher=BBC Radio 4|access-date=2022-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309062147/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qlvb/features/power-list-panel-2014|archive-date=2014-03-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> Ọ na-anọdụ na bọọdụ nke Bright Blue, Tory na-eche echiche nke ọma, na Intelligence Squared, ọgbakọ arụmụka mba ụwa. Na Maachị 2014 ọ pụtara na ''Famous, Rich and Hungry'' na BBC1. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Famous, Rich & Hungry - In Pictures|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01tlwx3/p01tlwzr|accessdate=2020-11-23|work=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-ekwurịta okwu na ihe ngosi arụmụka Sky News 'kwa izu, <nowiki><i id="mwlA">Nkwa</i></nowiki> ahụ.  === ''Nwanyị nwanyị'' === Na Septemba 2009, Johnson ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke itoolu nke ''The Lady'', akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu nke e guzobere na 1885. Ọnwa ole na ole mbụ ya bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Channel 4 nke isiokwu ya bụ ''The Lady and the Revamp'' ; A họpụtara nke a maka onyinye Grierson.  ya dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Jenụwarị 2012. Na Maachị afọ 2013, o wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ na-ewe otu awa maka BBC anọ isiokwu ya ''ka esi abụ nwanyị: Akụkọ mara mma'' . <ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/how-to-be-a-lady.html Rachel Johnson to present How To Be A Lady – An Elegant History on BBC Four]". (1 February 2013). [[BBC]]. Retrieved 13 May 2013.</ref> == Ọrụ agụmagụ == Johnson's ''Shire Hell'' meriri 2008 Mmekọahụ Ọjọọ na Nrite akụkọ ifo, nke ọ kọwara dị ka "nsọpụrụ zuru oke". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/nov/25/bad-sex-johnson-updike-fiction|title=Rachel Johnson 'honoured' to win Bad Sex award|author=Flood|first=Alison|accessdate=9 September 2018|work=The Guardian|date=25 November 2008}}</ref> Akụkọ mkpirisi ya "Enwere onyinye siri ike" pụtara na ''Sunday Times'' na 21 Disemba 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article5358182.ece|title=Short story: Severely Gifted|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616190052/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article5358182.ece|archivedate=16 June 2011}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Johnson bụ onye otu Conservative Party site na 2008 ruo 2011, ma emesịa sonye na Liberal Democrats n'oge ntuli aka izugbe nke 2017 n'ihi nkwado Conservative maka Brexit . <ref name="guardian-rachel-johnson-joins-lib-dems">{{Cite news|author=Martinson|first=Jane|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/apr/27/rachel-johnson-joins-lib-dems-and-may-stand-in-general-election-member-tory-brexit|title=Rachel Johnson joins Lib Dems in protest against Tory backing for Brexit|work=The Guardian|date=27 April 2017|accessdate=27 April 2017}}</ref> Johnson tụleziri ịbụ onye ndọrọndọrọ Lib Dem n'oche na West Country, mana amachibidoro ya n'okpuru iwu pati ahụ, ebe ọ bụ onye otu n'ihe na-erughị otu afọ. <ref name="guardian-rachel-johnson-joins-lib-dems" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-sister-lib-dems-block-brexit-rachel-a7706191.html|title=Boris Johnson's sister joins Lib Dems to try and stop Brexit|date=27 April 2017|work=The Independent}}</ref> N'April 2019, ọ sonyeere ndị otu mgbochi Brexit Change UK ma bụrụ onye isi na ndepụta pati na South West England na ntuli aka nzuko omeiwu European 2019 . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/23/change-uk-independent-group-launches-european-election-campaign-brexit/|title=Rachel Johnson and Gavin Esler to stand for Change UK|date=23 April 2019|accessdate=23 April 2019}}/</ref> O mechara kwara arịrị maka mkpebi a, na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "oke wụsara n'ụgbọ mmiri na-emikpu" ma katọọ àgwà otu ndị isi otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elekwasị anya na nhazi mkpebi ma gbakwunye na Change UK bụ aha "egwu". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/change-uk-might-not-exist-16171564|title=Change UK might not exist by the next general election admits party leader|first=Nicola|author=Bartlett|date=20 May 2019|work=[[Daily Mirror]]}}</ref> Dị ka nke February 2021, ọ na-anọgide na-depụtara na Board of directors of Bright Blue, n'agbanyeghị na ọ hapụrụ Conservatives na 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://brightblue.org.uk/about/who-are-bright-blue/rachel-johnson/ |title="Who are Bright Blue? Rachel Johnson: Non-executive director" Bright Blue website |accessdate=2022-03-27 |archivedate=2019-07-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724214150/https://brightblue.org.uk/about/who-are-bright-blue/rachel-johnson/ }}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Johnson lụrụ Ivo Dawnay, onye sitere na William Dawnay, 7th Viscount Downe, <ref>Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, 2000, Kelly's Directories, pg 506.</ref> na nwa nwa nne nke Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl nke Glasgow . <ref>Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 2, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 1566.</ref> Dawnay bụ onye nduzi na onye ndụmọdụ na National Trust . Ha nwere ụmụ atọ. Johnson bi na Notting Hill na [[London]] na Exmoor, Somerset . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/marrying-into-the-johnsons-is-like-adopting-a-litter-of-very-noisy-puppies-who-jump-up-a-lot-8805304.html|author=Evening Standard|title='Marrying into the Johnsons is like adopting a litter of very noisy puppies who jump up a lot'|date=9 September 2013|accessdate=19 August 2021}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * ''Akụkọ ifo Oxford'' (Weidenfeld na Nicolson, 1988) * ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mummy'' (Penguin, 2004) * ''Ịhụ Hel'' (Penguin, 2006) * ''Shire hell'' (2008) * ''N'ebe dị mma'' (2009) * ''Akwụkwọ edetu nke nwanyị, afọ mbụ m dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ'' (Penguin, 2010) * ''Akwụkwọ ndekọ nke nwanyị, afọ mbụ na ọkara'' (2011) * ''Egwuregwu oyi'' (2012) * ''hell ọhụrụ'' (2015) * ''Ọganihu Rake: Ọgba aghara Midlife M ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị'' (2020) * ''Ọganihu Rake: Ezi Akụkọ Madcap nke Nsogbu Midlife ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị m'' (2021) == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bzkh9qmrajw1xk2eb04997rauvu4zcy 0 12628 728255 628403 2026-09-26T16:23:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{databox}} '''Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi''' bụ onye ọchụnta ego na-elekọta mmadụ onye mba Naijiria nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] zụrụ azụ maka akụ na ụba na ọkachamara teknụzụ ozi. Ọ bụ onye hibere, nakwa onye isi oche nke Women's Technology Empowerment Center (W.TEC), otu na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-enye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ike na ọha mmadụ na akụ na ụba site na agụmakwụkwọ na teknụzụ ozi. <ref name="vanguard">{{Cite news|author=Vista|first=Woman|title=We're empowering girls for IT devt – Oreoluwa Somolu|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/were-empowering-girls-for-it-devt-oreoluwa-somolu/|accessdate=13 October 2016|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=21 October 2012}}</ref> E hiwere W.TEC n'afọ 2008. Ọ bụ onye otu Ashoka na onye nnata nke Anita Borg Institute (ABIE) Change Agent Award. <ref name="Ore">{{Cite web|author=The Editor|title=Anita Borg Institute Announces 2009 Change Agent Award Winners|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090826005160/en/Anita-Borg-Institute-Announces-2009-Change-Agent|publisher=Business Wire Institut|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> == Ndụ Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Afọ ndị mbụ Lesi bụ ndị o biri na Nigeria. N'ebe nna onye injinia eletriki, ọ hụrụ teknụzụ n'anya site na nwata nke mere ka ọ mepụta ngwa ngwanrọ nke ejiri na-azụ ahịa akwụkwọ nne na nna ya. <ref name="CP">{{Cite web|author=The Administrator|title=Ashoka Fellow|url=https://www.ashoka.org/en/fellow/oreoluwa-somolu#intro|publisher=Ashoka|accessdate=14 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcabal.com/2014/07/21/getting-women-tech-access-trumps-stereotypes/|title=Raising Digital Women, The W-TEC Way|date=2014-07-21|work=TechCabal|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> Mgbe afọ ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Queen's College, Lagos gasịrị, <ref name="vanguard"/> ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ diploma na mmemme kọmputa. <ref name="CP"/> Ọ gakwara mba United Kingdom ebe ọ gụrụ gbasara akụnụba wee nweta nzere bachelọ na Economics na Mahadum Essex . Mgbe ọ nọ na mahadum, o hibere akwụkwọ edemede azụmahịa maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, nke ahụ kpalitere mkpamkpa mbụ banyere etu ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike isi jiri teknụzụ mepụta ohere nke akụ na ụba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://techcabal.com/2019/05/07/oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-a-decade-and-more-of-balancing-techs-gender-scale/|title=My Life In Tech: Oreoluwa Somolu-Lesi's Decade and More of Balancing Tech's Gender Scale|date=2019-05-07|work=TechCabal|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> O nwetakwara, nzere masta na nyocha, imewe na njikwa ozi site na London School of Economics and Political Science . Ọ gụrụ Applied Sciences na Harvard University Extension School <ref name="Ore"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://techherng.com/oreoluwa-somolu-lesi/|title=Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi: W.TEC founder|author=TechHerNG|date=2016-01-27|work=TECHHER|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Oreoluwa rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ Education Development Center, Inc. na United States dị ka onye na-enyere aka na nyocha nakwa dịka onye na-arụ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ. <ref name=":1"/> Ọ laghachiri Naijiria n'afọ 2005. <ref name="lesi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cp-africa.com/2015/07/31/cpafrica-interviews-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-of-womens-technology-empowerment-centre/|title=CPAfrica Intervies Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi of Women's Technology Empowerment Centre|author=Bimbola Segun-Amag|publisher=CPAfrica|accessdate=14 October 2016|archivedate=1 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401152536/https://www.cp-africa.com/2015/07/31/cpafrica-interviews-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-of-womens-technology-empowerment-centre/}}</ref> Na Naijiria, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Lonadek Oil and Gas Consultancy ebe o jisiri ma lekọta otu CSR Initiative-2020 nke lekwasịrị anya na mmepe nka nke ndị ntorobịa na mpaghara sayensị na teknụzụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://innov8tiv.com/oreoluwa-lesi-gave-innov8tiv-a-walk-through-of-how-she-found-womens-technology-empowerment-center-w-tec/|title=Oreoluwa Lesi gave innov8tiv a walk through of how she found Women's Technology Empowerment Center (W.TEC)|author=Innov8tiv.com|date=2019-04-07|work=Innov8tiv|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422224222/https://innov8tiv.com/oreoluwa-lesi-gave-innov8tiv-a-walk-through-of-how-she-found-womens-technology-empowerment-center-w-tec/|archive-date=2024-04-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> O hiwere W.TEC n'afọ 2008, mgbe teknụzụ adịghị egwu dịka ọ dị kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa-ontherise|title=Exclusive Interview: Oreoluwa Somolu-Lesi, Executive Director, Women's Technology Empowerment Centre (W.TEC)|url=http://www.africa-ontherise.com/2016/04/exclusive-interview-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-executive-director-womens-technology-empowerment-centre-w-tec/|publisher=Changing the AFrican Conversation|accessdate=14 October 2016|archivedate=21 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921033847/https://www.africa-ontherise.com/2016/04/exclusive-interview-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-executive-director-womens-technology-empowerment-centre-w-tec/}}</ref> Enwekwara ntakịrị mmata maka ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na teknụzụ yana ihe kpatara imechi ya ji dị mkpa na 2008, nke mere ka ọrụ ya sie ike karị. <ref name=":0"/> W.TEC na-achikọba ọtụtụ mmemme na steeti Lagos, Anambra na Kwara, nke gụnyere emume 'She Creates Camps' na W.TEC Academy (technology afterschool clubs) <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/09/12/group-organises-summer-ict-training-for-girls/|title=Group organises summer ICT training for girls|date=2019-09-12|work=National Light|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2019-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026011905/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/09/12/group-organises-summer-ict-training-for-girls/}}</ref> ma metụtala ụmụ agbọghọ na ndị nkuzi puku iri abụọ na asaa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://preview.mailerlite.com/s0x3z0|title=Together We: Are our sisters keepers!|work=preview.mailerlite.com|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, W.TEC malitere ọrụ Inclusive Technology for All (IT4All) na mmekorita ya na Center Developmental Children. Ihe oru ngo a na-ewebata teknụzụ na echiche STEM sara mbara nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkwarụ nke mmepe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-to-educate-special-needs-children/|title=How to educate special needs children|date=2019-05-01|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> Ụfọdụ isi ihe dị mkpa na ọrụ ya na W.TEC gụnyere imekọ ihe ọnụ ya na Dr. Omobola Johnson nke ụlọọrụ Federal Ministry of Communication Technology na 2014 iji wulite otu òtù ụmụ agbọghọ na mba nke a na-akpọ Digital Girls Club, bụ nke e mere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iri na abụọ na mpaghara ọ bụla wee gbasaa gaa n'ihu ma ruo n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na Naịjirịa. Digital Girls Club gosipụtara usoro ọmụmụ gunyere ihe dị iche iche, bụ nke akwadoro na ọnụ ụzọ intanetị nke ndị nkuzi nwere ike ịnweta ma jiri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ha dị iche iche. <ref name=":0"/> A kwanyere Oreoluwa ugwu dịka onye otu Ashoka na 2013. <ref name="CP"/> Na 2009, ọ nwetara Anita Borg Change Agent Award. <ref name="Ore"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jerri|first=Barrett|title=ABIE Award Winners, Change Agent|url=https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/oreoluwa-somolu/|publisher=Anita Borg Institute|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> A na-amatakarị W.TEC maka ọrụ ya dị ka ọgbakọ ọsụ ụzọ n'ịgbalị imechi oghere nwoke na nwanyị na teknụzụ. W.TEC eritela ihe nrite dika 2019 EQUALS in Tech award (Skills category) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.equals.org/single-post/2019/11/27/PRESS-RELEASE-EQUALS-in-Tech-Awards-celebrate-five-outstanding-initiatives-to-promote-digital-gender-equality|title=PRESS RELEASE EQUALS in Tech Awards celebrate five outstanding initiatives to promote digital gender equality|work=equals|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224064809/https://www.equals.org/single-post/2019/11/27/PRESS-RELEASE-EQUALS-in-Tech-Awards-celebrate-five-outstanding-initiatives-to-promote-digital-gender-equality}}</ref> na 2019 Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NIRA) Presidential Award for Women's Development. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nigeria Internet Registration Association|first=NIRA|url=https://www.nira.org.ng/pdf/2019.ngAwards_winners.pdf|title=2019 .NG Press Release|date=July 8, 2019|work=NIRA Press Release|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> W.TEC pụtakwara dị ka onye mmeri nke WSIS 2020 (Access to Information and Knowledge Category). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itu.int/net4/wsis/stocktaking/Prizes/2020/Champions|title=WSIS Prizes 2020|work=www.itu.int|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, onye mepụtara World Wide Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee gara W.TEC, dịka akụkụ nke njem awa iri atọ iga obodo atọ gburugburu ụwa iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri atọ nke webụ. N'oge ọ gara W.TEC, ọ zutere ụfọdụ ụmụ agbọghọ ndị so na mmemme W.TEC. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technext.ng/2019/03/13/internet-inventor-tim-berners-lee-visits-lagos-to-mark-30th-anniversary-of-the-world-wide-web/|title=Tim Berners Lee Visits Lagos to Mark 30th Anniversary of the World Wide Web|date=2019-03-13|work=Technext|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2020-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426170441/https://technext.ng/2019/03/13/internet-inventor-tim-berners-lee-visits-lagos-to-mark-30th-anniversary-of-the-world-wide-web/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/timberners_lee/status/1105791945933275136?lang=en|title=Wonderful energy and creativity — girl power at W.TEC in Lagos — should inspire girls all over the world to get into tech #Web30 #ForTheWebpic.twitter.com/ARNGsG3a3k|author=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|date=2019-03-13|work=@timberners_lee|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2020, TIME gwara otu ndị ama ama isii (gụnyere Sir Tim Berners-Lee) ka ha degara onye na-eto eto ma ọ bụ ndị nke ha họọrọ akwụkwọ. Sir Berners-Lee họọrọ idegara ụmụ agbọghọ W.TEC ozi n'akwụkwọ ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/5764511/open-letters-to-youth-activists/|title=Letters to Young People Who Inspire Us, By Six Prominent People|work=Time|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2020-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624125646/https://time.com/5764511/open-letters-to-youth-activists/}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nnabata == Oreoluwa enwetala ọtụtụ ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu nke gụnyere: * OkayAfrica 100 Women for 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://100women.okayafrica.com/the-women-2020|title=OKAYAFRICA - 100 WOMEN|website=OKAYAFRICA's 100 WOMEN|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2020-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416163656/https://100women.okayafrica.com/the-women-2020}}</ref> * One of the 5 Women Who Defined the Nigerian Tech Space in 2019 by Technext.ng<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technext.ng/2019/12/18/5-women-that-defined-the-nigerian-tech-space-in-2019/|title=5 Women That Defined the Nigerian Tech Space in 2019|date=2019-12-18|website=Technext|access-date=2020-04-15|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2022-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125073444/https://technext.ng/2019/12/18/5-women-that-defined-the-nigerian-tech-space-in-2019/}}</ref> * 2018 Her Network Woman of the Year in Technology<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/12/chinwe-egwin-ola-brown-temie-giwa-tubosun-honored-at-2018-her-network-woman-of-the-year-awards-full-list/|title=Chinwe Egwin, Ola Brown, Temie Giwa-Tubosun Honored at 2018 Her Network Woman of the Year Awards {{!}} Full List|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2018-12-10|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2018 Leading Ladies Africa 100 Most Inspiring Women in Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/sola-sobowale-ibidunni-ighodalo-nkechi-eze-here-are-nigerias-most-inspiring-women-in-2018/|title=Sola Sobowale, Ibidunni Ighodalo, Nkechi Eze…Here are Nigeria's Most Inspiring Women in 2018 – Leading Ladies Africa|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2017 SME100 & Invicta Top 100 Female-Owned Businesses in Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/03/bellanaija-listed-on-invicta-africa-sme100-nigerias-100-most-innovative-female-owned-businesses-in-nigeria-see-full-list/|title=BellaNaija Listed on Invicta Africa & SME100 Nigeria's "100 Most Innovative Female-Owned Businesses in Nigeria" {{!}} See Full List|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2017-03-09|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2016 #YTech100 Special Recognition Award * 2016 YNaija!’s #YTech100 (Top 100 Young People in Technology of 2016) * 2014 Leadership Award from La Roche Leadership Foundation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/09/la-roche-leadership-foundation-celebrates-tolu-ogunlesi-ore-lesi-mi-abaga-more-inspiring-entrepreneurs-in-lagos/|title=La Roche Leadership Foundation celebrates Tolu Ogunlesi, Ore Lesi, MI Abaga & More Inspiring Entrepreneurs in Lagos|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2014-09-19|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2014 YNaija!’s 100 Top 100 Young People in Technology of 2014 * Vision 2020 Youth Empowerment & Restoration Initiative Recognition Award – May 2010 * 2009 Anita Borg Change Agent Award – Anita Borg Institute, Tucson AZ, U.S.A<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anitab.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/oreoluwa-somolu/|title=Oreoluwa Somolu|date=2009-10-11|website=AnitaB.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2019-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725164428/https://anitab.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/oreoluwa-somolu/}}</ref> * 2008 Systers Pass It On Award Winner – Anita Borg Institute<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anitab.org/profiles/pio-award-recipients/oreoluwa-s/|title=Oreoluwa S.|date=2008-04-20|website=AnitaB.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta == Oreoluwa anatawo mmekọrita ndị a: * 2020 ICANN 69 Fellow: A na-ekpughere ndị otu ICANN ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Internet Corporation of Assigned Names & Numbers (ICANN), a na-ekenye ha onye ndụmọdụ, ha na-anatakwa ọzụzụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma na ụlọ nka tupu, n'oge, na mgbe nzukọ ọha ICANN gasịrịa.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/montreal66-attendees-2019-11-11-en|title=Montréal 2019 Fellowship Participants - ICANN|website=www.icann.org|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2019 ICANN 66 Fellow<ref name="auto"/> * 2014 Vital Voices Lead Fellow: The Vital Voices Lead Fellowship na-ejikọta, ma na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ọzụzụ, ma na-eme ka ahu ụmụ nwanyị pụrụ iche anya, bu ndi na-edu NGO na ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vitalvoices.org/what-we-do/signature-programs/vvlead/|title=VVLead|website=Vital Voices|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techherng.com/oreoluwa-somolu-lesi/|title=TechHer Spotlight|last=|first=|date=January 27, 2016|website=TechHer|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> * 2013 Ashoka Fellow: Ndị otu Ashoka bụ ndị ọchụnta ego a ma ama na mba ụwa. Ha na-akwado echiche ọhụrụ na-agbanwe usoro ọha mmadụ, na-enye uru maka onye ọ bụla na imeziwanye ndụ nke nde kwuru nde mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/oreoluwa-somolu|title=Oreoluwa Somolu|website=Ashoka {{!}} Everyone a Changemaker|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Ọ lụrụ Gboyega Lesi ma biri na [[Lagos]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Odebiyi|first=Olatunde|title=Compliment your wife always|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/complement-wife-always/|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=14 October 2016}}</ref> == Mbipụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: left;" | ! scope="col" | Afọ ! scope="col" | Aha ! scope="col" | Ọrụ ! scope="col" | |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | Ime ka mmụta n'ịntanetị kacha mma: Okwu mmalite maka mmụta na ịntanetị' | Ebe mmepe agụmakwụkwọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Somolu, Oreoluwa|title=Making the Most Of On-line Learning: An Introduction to Learning on the Internet|url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED485609|publisher=Education Development Centre|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> | |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | 'Ịkọ akụkọ nke anyị: Ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-ede blọgụ maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha' | Akwụkwọ gbasara okike na mmepe <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sweetman|first=Caroline|title=Telling our own stories': African women blogging for social change|url=http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/telling-our-own-stories-african-women-blogging-for-social-change-131652|publisher=OXFAM|accessdate=17 October 2016|archivedate=9 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209190224/https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/telling-our-own-stories-african-women-blogging-for-social-change-131652}}</ref> | |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | Redio maka mmepe ụmụ nwanyị na-enyocha mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nnweta na mmetụta | Nokoko Institute of African Studies Carleton University Ottawa, Canada) 2013(3) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Oreoluwa|first=Somolu|title=Radio for Women's Development Examining the Relationship between Access and Impact|url=https://carleton.ca/africanstudies/wp-content/uploads/7-Nokoko-3-Radio-for-Women%E2%80%99s-Development.pdf|publisher=Nokoko|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.wtec.org.ng Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3hbPfW3bUg%7CTechnology Na Ndụ | Na-agwa Adesuwa okwu siri ike (From 2:37) - Julaị 2015] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMr075F19pw Mmechi mmechi 1 NTA Sept 6 2013] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ojrd1rzi3tfu9zoj0amhw2w2dtpp1e7 0 12662 728317 496070 2026-09-26T21:04:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:Rebecca_Naa_Dedei_Aryeetey.jpg|thumb| Foto nke mkpụrụ ego pesewa 50 nwere ihe oyiyi Rebecca Naa Dedei Aryeetey]] '''Rebecca Naa Dedei Aryeetey''' (1923 – 22 June 1961) nke a makwaara dị ka '''Dedei Ashikishan''' bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego Ghana, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-akwado nwanyị. A maara ya nke ọma maka azụmahịa ntụ ọka ya na Accra . Ọ bụkwa nwanyị nọ na mkpụrụ ego Pesewas iri ise nke Ghana. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-04-07|title=Rebecca Naa Dedei Aryeetey, a woman whose image is on 50 Pesewas Coin – Her Profile And Death|url=https://ghananewspunch.com/rebecca-naa-dedei-aryeetey-a-woman-whose-image-is-on-50-pesewas-coin/|accessdate=2020-04-08|work=Ghana News Punch|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408020833/https://ghananewspunch.com/rebecca-naa-dedei-aryeetey-a-woman-whose-image-is-on-50-pesewas-coin/}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-04-07|title=Rebecca Naa Dedei Ayitey: The lady on Ghana's 50pesewas and an Independence shero|url=https://braperucci.africa/rebecca-naa-dedei-ayitey-the-lady-on-ghanas-50pesewas-and-an-independence-shero/|accessdate=2020-04-08|work=Bra Perucci Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mbido Ndụ == A mụrụ Rebeca Naa Dedei na 1923, na Osu o wee tolite na James Town, Accra. Nne ya bu onye Ga Asere ebe nna ya bụ onye Osu. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị, Naa Dei banyere azụmahịa ntụ ọka. <ref name=":1"/> Ọ ghọrọ ọgaranya na onye nwere mmetụta site na azụmahịa ntụ ọka ya nke mere ka ọ bụrụ 'Ashikishan', okwu Ga nke pụtara ntụ ọka. <ref name=":0"/> A maara ya dị ka onye isi n'ahụ maka ihe gbasara ego nke pati CPP mgbe ahụ ma duru ihe omume ụmụ nwanyị CPP n'ụlọ ya na Kokomlemle - Accra. Dịka onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke CPP, ọ ma kwadoro Nkrumah na pati CPP <ref name=":1" /> wee rụọ nnukwu ọrụ n'oge Ghana Ghana na-agba mgba iji nweta nnwere onwe. <ref name=":0" /> O nyere Nkrumah ego ka o nweta oche kansụl omebe iwu Ashiedu Keteke nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala Ghana mbụ. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/04/rebecca-naa-dedei-aryeetey-the-illustrious-ga-woman-celebrated-on-the-50-pesewas-coin/|title=Rebecca Naa Dedei Aryeetey: The Illustrious Ga Woman Celebrated On The 50 Pesewas Coin - Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students|author=Tetteh|first=Nii Okai|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-08}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Ịbịaru Nkrumah nso mere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye iro nke otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke ekwuru na ọ bu ya mere ka ọ nwụọ n'oge. Ọ nwụrụ n'ụzọ dị mwute n'ọgbakọ CPP na Ho na 22nd June 1961 mgbe ọ dị afọ 38. <ref name=":2"/> E boro ebubo na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị na-ahụ maka nkwado nwanyị bụ ndị enyere ihe na-egbu egbu n'ọgbakọ ahụ mgbe ha ṅụchara tii dị ọkụ ọ malitere mewe mkpesa maka afọ mgbu. <ref name=":1"/> == Nkwanye ugwu == Ụgbọ ala abụọ nke Harry Sawyer butere na Accra bụ aha ya 'Auntie Dedei', o nwekwara ihe oyiyi ya na stampụ mba yana na mkpụrụ ego pesewa iri ise nke Ghana, ha niile na-asọpụrụ ya. <ref name=":2"/> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604220901/https://www.bog.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/AnnRep-2007.pdf Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Bank of Ghana 2007] crtt0u4e1y6onwvemh7b889tsei5df4 0 12678 728413 723885 2026-09-27T06:01:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ntụle ebili mmiri na-egosi na '''ịrị elu oke osimiri''' zuru ụwa ọnụ ugbu a malitere na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. N'agbata 1901 na 2018, oke oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ bilitere site na 15–25 cm (6-10 na) . <ref name="SPM2021">{{Cite book|chapter=Summary for Policymakers|chapterurl=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf|author=IPCC|authorlink=IPCC|year=2021|title=Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis|location=A.1.7}}</ref>mgwa mmutaziri ezi gbakọtara site na nha radar satịlaịtị na-ekpughe ịrị elu na-agbago nke 7.5 cm (3 na) site na 1993 ruo 2017, <ref name="WCRP2018"/> : 1554 maka nkezi ọnụego nke  kwa afọ. Mmụba a na-abụkarị n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke gụnyere ikpo ọkụ nke oke osimiri na agbaze nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice na glaciers nke dabere na ala. <ref name="Mengel">{{Cite journal|author=Mengel|first=Matthias|title=Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=8 March 2016|volume=113|issue=10|pages=2597–2602|doi=10.1073/pnas.1500515113|pmid=26903648}}</ref> N'agbata 1993 na 2018, mgbasawanye ọkụ nke mmiri nyere 42% aka elu oke osimiri; agbaze nke glaciers na -ekpo ọkụ, 21%; Greenland, 15%; na Antarctica, 8%. <ref name="WCRP2018" /> : 1576 Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na-atụ anya ka ọnụego a ga-aga n'ihu n'ime narị afọ nke 21, yana nha ọhụrụ na-ekwu na ọkwa oke osimiri na-arị elu site na 3.6.&nbsp;mm kwa afọ. : 62 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities — Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/chapter-4-sea-level-rise-and-implications-for-low-lying-islands-coasts-and-communities/|accessdate=2021-04-18}}</ref> Ịmepụta ọkwa oke osimiri n'ọdịnihu bụ ihe ịma aka, n'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ akụkụ nke usoro ihu igwe na oge na-adaba na mmeghachi omume larịị oke osimiri na mgbanwe okpomọkụ ụwa. Ka nyocha ihu igwe n'ime ọkwa oke osimiri gara aga na nke ugbu a na-eduga n'ụdị kọmpụta ka mma, amụma na-abawanye ụba. N'afọ 2007, Òtù Na- ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu Igwe (IPCC) kwadoro atụmatụ njedebe dị elu nke 60 . site na 2099, mana akụkọ 2014 ha welitere atụmatụ njedebe dị elu ruo ihe dị ka 90 cm (3 ft) . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mooney|first=Chris|title=Scientists keep upping their projections for how much the oceans will rise this century|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/04/26/scientists-keep-increasing-their-projections-for-how-much-the-oceans-will-rise-this-century|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Ọtụtụ nnyocha e mesịrị kwubiri na ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ na-arị elu nke 200–270 cm (6 ft 7 n'ime - 8 ft 10 na) narị afọ a "nwere ezi uche n'ụzọ anụ ahụ". <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ice sheet contributions to future sea-level rise from structured expert judgment|first=Jonathan L.|author=Bamber|date=June 4, 2019|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=116|issue=23|pages=11195–11200|doi=10.1073/pnas.1817205116|pmid=31110015}}</ref> <ref name="WCRP2018"/> Atụmatụ echedoro anya nke amụma ogologo oge bụ na ogo Celsius ọ bụla nke ịrị elu okpomọkụ na-ebute oke oke osimiri dị ihe dịka mit 2.3 (4.2).&nbsp;Ft/degree Fahrenheit ) n'ime oge nke puku afọ abụọ (afọ 2,000): ihe atụ nke inertia ihu igwe . <ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/12/|title=Climate Science Special Report. Chapter 12: Sea Level Rise.|author=USGCRP|year=2017|pages=1–470|accessdate=2018-12-27|archive-date=2019-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208150342/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/12/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2021, akwụkwọ e bipụtara na ''Ocean Science'' tụrụ aro na amụma gara aga maka oke oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ site na 2100 nke IPCC kọrọ nwere ike bụrụ ihe nchekwa, na ọkwa oke osimiri ga-ebili karịa ka a tụrụ anya na mbụ. <ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|author=Grinsted|first=Aslak|date=2021-02-02|title=The transient sensitivity of sea level rise|url=https://os.copernicus.org/articles/17/181/2021/|journal=Ocean Science|language=English|volume=17|issue=1|pages=181–186|doi=10.5194/os-17-181-2021|issn=1812-0784}}</ref> Ọkwa mmiri agaghị ebili n'otu ebe n'ụwa, ọ ga-adabakwa ntakịrị n'ebe ụfọdụ, dị ka [[Arktik|Arctic]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The strange science of melting ice sheets: three things you didn't know|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2018/sep/12/greenland-antarctic-ice-sheet-sea-level-rise-science-climate|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=12 September 2018}}</ref> Ihe ndị dị na mpaghara gụnyere mmetụta tectonic na mbelata nke ala, tides, iyi na oké ifufe. Ọkwa oke osimiri nwere ike imetụta ndị mmadụ na mpaghara oke osimiri na agwaetiti. A na-atụ anya idei mmiri zuru ebe niile site n'ọtụtụ ogo okpomọkụ na-adịgide ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ. Mmetụta ndị ọzọ bụ oke mmiri ozuzo na oke tsunami dị ize ndụ, nchụpụ nke ndị mmadụ, mfu na mmebi nke ala ugbo na mmebi n'ime obodo. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2018/08/15/Sea-level-to-increase-risk-of-deadly-tsunamis/2361534362716/|title=Sea level to increase risk of deadly tsunamis|year=2018|work=UPI}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite news|author=Holder|first=Josh|date=3 November 2017|title=The three-degree world: cities that will be drowned by global warming|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/ng-interactive/2017/nov/03/three-degree-world-cities-drowned-global-warming|accessdate=2018-12-28}}</ref> A na-emetụtakwa gburugburu eke dị ka ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri, ebe azụ, nnụnụ na osisi na-efunarị akụkụ nke ebe obibi ha. <ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/sea-level-rise/|title=Sea Level Rise|date=January 13, 2017|work=National Geographic|access-date=April 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117004107/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/sea-level-rise/|archive-date=January 17, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ndị obodo nwere ike ime mgbanwe maka ịrị elu oke osimiri n'ụzọ atọ dị iche iche: mejuputa nlọghachi azụ jisiri ike, nabata mgbanwe n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ma ọ bụ chebe megide ịrị elu oke osimiri site na omume siri ike dị ka mgbidi mmiri ma ọ bụ ụzọ dị nro dị ka mmezigharị dune na nri n'akụkụ mmiri . Mgbe ụfọdụ atumatu mmeghari ndị a na-aga aka, mana n'oge ọzọ, a ga-eme nhọrọ n'etiti atụmatụ dị iche iche. <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|author=Thomsen|first=Dana C.|date=2012|title=Adaptation or Manipulation? Unpacking Climate Change Response Strategies|journal=Ecology and Society|volume=17|issue=3|doi=10.5751/es-04953-170320}}</ref> Maka ụfọdụ gburugburu ụmụ mmadụ, dị ka nke a na-akpọ obodo ndị na-emikpu mmiri, ime mgbanwe na ịrị elu oke osimiri nwere ike [[Iba|ịba]] ụba site na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ dị ka subsidence . Usoro ihe ndị e kere eke na-adaba n'oke oke osimiri site n'ịkwaga n'ime ala; agbanyeghị, ha nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike ime ya mgbe niile, n'ihi ihe mgbochi eke ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/sea-level-rise-poses-a-major-threat-to-coastal-ecosystems-and-the-biota-they-support|title=Sea level rise poses a major threat to coastal ecosystems and the biota they support|date=2015|work=birdlife.org|publisher=Birdlife International}}</ref> == Mgbanwe gara aga == [[Usòrò:Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png|thumb| Mgbanwe na ọkwa oke osimiri kemgbe njedebe nke ihe omume glacial ikpeazụ]] Ịghọta ọkwa oke osimiri gara aga dị mkpa maka nyocha nke mgbanwe ugbu a na n'ọdịnihu. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya geological gara aga, mgbanwe na ice ala na mgbasawanye okpomọkụ site na oke okpomọkụ bụ isi ihe kpatara ọkwa oke osimiri. Oge ikpeazụ Ụwa bụ 2 Celsius C (3.6 Celsius F) na-ekpo ọkụ karịa okpomọkụ tupu ụlọ ọrụ arụ ọrụ, ọkwa oke osimiri dị opekata mpe 5 m (16 Ft) dị elu karịa ugbu a: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-08-scientists-evidence-high-level-sea.html|title=Scientists discover evidence for past high-level sea rise|date=2019-08-30|work=phys.org|language=en-us|accessdate=2019-09-07}}</ref> nke a bụ mgbe okpomọkụ n'ihi mgbanwe nke ìhè anyanwụ n'ihi mgbanwe nwayọọ nwayọọ na gburugburu ụwa mere interglacial ikpeazụ. A kwadoro ikpo ọkụ ahụ n'ime ọtụtụ puku afọ na ịdị ukwuu nke ịrị elu nke oke osimiri na-egosi nnukwu onyinye sitere n'aka Antarctic na Greenland ice. <ref name="ipcc13"/> : 1139 Ọzọkwa, akụkọ sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research kwuru na ihe dị ka nde afọ atọ gara aga, ogo carbon dioxide dị n'ikuku ụwa yiri ọkwa nke taa bụ nke mụbara ogo Celsius abụọ ruo atọ ma gbazee otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ice ice nke Antarctica. . Nke a mere ka oke osimiri na-arị elu 20 mita. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nioz.nl/en/news/present-co2-levels-caused-20-metre-sea-level-rise-in-the-past|title=Present CO2 levels caused 20-metre-sea-level rise in the past|work=www.nioz.nl|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2020-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801030150/https://www.nioz.nl/en/news/present-co2-levels-caused-20-metre-sea-level-rise-in-the-past}}</ref> Ebe ọ bụ na glacial ikpeazụ kacha ihe dị ka afọ 20,000 gara aga, oke osimiri arịgoro karịa 125 (410 ft), na ọnụego dịgasị iche site na ihe na-erughị otu mm / afọ ruo 40+ mm / afọ, n'ihi agbaze ice n'elu Canada na Eurasia. Mgbasa ngwa ngwa nke mpempe akwụkwọ akpụrụ akpụ butere ihe a na-akpọ ' melodwater pulses ', oge nke oke osimiri na-ebili ngwa ngwa. Ọnụego ịrị elu malitere iji nwayọọ ihe dị ka 8,200&nbsp;afọ tupu ugbu a; oke osimiri fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịgide adịgide n'ime afọ 2,500 gara aga, tupu omume ịrị elu na-adịbeghị anya nke malitere na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19 ma ọ bụ ná mmalite nke 20th. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lambeck|first=Kurt|title=Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=28 October 2014|volume=111|issue=43|pages=15296–15303|doi=10.1073/pnas.1411762111|pmid=25313072}}</ref> == Ntụ == [[Usòrò:20190708_Stripe_graphic_of_sea_level_change_(1880-2013)_Richard_Selwyn_Jones.png|thumb| Eserese nke eriri na- ekenye oke nha nha nha oke osimiri kwa afọ ka ọ bụrụ agba dị iche iche, yana agba ọcha nke malitere na 1880 yana blues gbara ọchịchịrị na-egosi ịrị elu oke osimiri na-aga nke ọma. <ref name="RSJones_20190708">{{Cite web|author=Jones|first=Richard Selwyn|title=One of the most striking trends – over a century of global-average sea level change|url=https://twitter.com/selwynox/status/1148154450672050176|publisher=Richard Selwyn Jones|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730041359/https://twitter.com/selwynox/status/1148154450672050176|archivedate=30 July 2019|date=8 July 2019|accessdate=10 August 2019}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20190730042856/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D-8Li-5WkAIbEcb?format=jpg&name=large link to image]). For sea level change data, Jones cites {{Cite journal|author=Church|first=J. A.|title=Sea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century|journal=Surv Geophys|date=September 2011|volume=32|issue=4–5|pages=585–602|doi=10.1007/s10712-011-9119-1}}</ref>]] [[File:Sea_surface_height_change_from_1992_to_2019.webm|thumb| {{center|Sea surface height change from 1992 to 2019 – NASA}} Ọhụụ ahụ dabere na data anakọtara site na satịlaịtị TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 na Jason-3. Mpaghara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ bụ ebe ọkwa oke osimiri gbadara, na mpaghara oroma/acha ọbara ọbara bụ ebe ọkwa oke osimiri gbagoro.]] Enwere ike ịkpali mgbanwe ọkwa oke osimiri ma ọ bụ site na mgbanwe dị na oke mmiri dị n'oké osimiri, oke oke osimiri ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere oke osimiri. N'ime oge na-agbanwe agbanwe, ime nyocha nwere ike ibute ntinye aka na ịrị elu oke osimiri ma nye ihe ngosi mmalite nke mgbanwe na ọnọdụ. Ụdị onyunyo a nwere ike ịgwa atụmatụ mgbochi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2022 Sea Level Rise Technical Report|url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/sealevelrise-tech-report.html#step4|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=oceanservice.noaa.gov|language=EN-US}}</ref> Usoro dị iche iche a na-eji tụọ mgbanwe na ọkwa oke osimiri anaghị atụle otu ọkwa. Ihe nlegharị anya mmiri nwere ike tụọ oke oke osimiri, ebe satịlaịtị nwekwara ike tụọ mgbanwe ọkwa oke osimiri zuru oke. <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|author=Rovere|first=Alessio|title=Eustatic and Relative Sea Level Changes|journal=Current Climate Change Reports|date=2 August 2016|volume=2|issue=4|pages=221–231|doi=10.1007/s40641-016-0045-7}}</ref> Iji nweta kpọmkwem nha n'ihi na oké osimiri larịị, na-eme nnyocha na-amụ ice na oké osimiri na ụwa anyị na-akpata na-aga n'ihu deformations nke siri ike Ụwa, akpan akpan n'ihi ala ala ka na-ebili site n'oge gara aga ice ọtụtụ retreating, na kwa Ụwa ike ndọda na adiana . <ref name="WCRP2018">{{Cite journal|journal=Earth System Science Data|volume=10|issue=3|pages=1551–1590|year=2018|author=WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group|doi=10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018|title=Global sea-level budget 1993–present}}</ref> === Satellites === [[Usòrò:TOPEX-JasonSeries2008.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Jason-1 gara n'ihu n'ihe nha elu oke osimiri malitere site na TOPEX/Poseidon. Ndị na-esochi ya bụ Mission Surface Topography Mission na Jason-2, yana Jason-3]] Kemgbe mmalite nke TOPEX/Poseidon na 1992, usoro satịlaịtị altimetric na-aga n'ihu na-edekọ mgbanwe na ọkwa oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/topex/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722010847/http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/topex/|archivedate=2011-07-22|title=Ocean Surface Topography from Space|publisher=NASA/JPL}}</ref> Satellites ndị ahụ nwere ike tụọ ugwu na ndagwurugwu dị n'oké osimiri nke mmiri ozuzo kpatara wee chọpụta ihe na-eme n'ịdị elu ha. Iji tụọ anya dị n'elu oké osimiri, satịlaịtị na-eziga pulse microwave n'elu oke osimiri wee dekọọ oge ọ na-ewe iji laghachi. Igwe redio igwe igwe na-edozi oge ọzọ nke ikuku mmiri na-ebute na ikuku . Ijikọta data ndị a na ebe a maara nke ọma nke ụgbọ elu ahụ na-eme ka o kwe omume ikpebi ịdị elu nke oke osimiri n'ime centimita ole na ole (ihe dị ka otu inch). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/jason-3/mission.html|title=Jason-3 Satellite - Mission|work=www.nesdis.noaa.gov|accessdate=2018-08-22}}</ref> Ọnụego ọkwa oke osimiri dị ugbu a site na satịlaịtị altimetry ka echere na ọ dị  kwa afọ maka oge 1993-2017. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Nerem|first=R. S.|title=Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=27 February 2018|volume=115|issue=9|pages=2022–2025|doi=10.1073/pnas.1717312115|pmid=29440401}}</ref> Nleta satịlaịtị ndị gara aga adịtụghị n'ihe nha nha tide . Obere mperi nhazigharị maka satịlaịtị Topex/Poseidon ka emechara ka amata na ọ kpatara ntakịrị ntakịrị oke oke oke osimiri 1992–2005, bụ nke mechiri na nha satịlaịtị nrịgo elu oke osimiri na-aga n'ihu bụ nke a na-ahụ anya na usoro nlegharị anya mmiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27497-apparent-slowing-of-sea-level-rise-is-artefact-of-satellite-data.html#.VVE7uPmqpBc|title=Apparent slowing of sea level rise is artefact of satellite data|date=11 May 2015|author=Michael Le Page}}</ref> Satellites bara uru maka ịlele mgbanwe mpaghara na ọkwa oke osimiri, dị ka mmụba dị ukwuu n'etiti 1993 na 2012 na ọdịda anyanwụ okpomọkụ Pacific. Nke a dị nkọ ịrị elu e jikọtara na-amụba azụmahịa ifufe, nke na-eme mgbe Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) na El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) gbanwere site n'otu steeti gaa na nke ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Merrifield|first=Mark A.|title=Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|date=July 2012|volume=39|issue=13|pages=n/a|doi=10.1029/2012gl052032}}</ref> PDO bụ usoro ihu igwe na-efe efe nke nwere akụkụ abụọ, nke ọ bụla na-adịru afọ 10 ruo 30, ebe ENSO nwere obere oge nke afọ 2 ruo 7. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mantua|first=Nathan J.|title=A Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation with Impacts on Salmon Production|url=https://archive.org/details/bulletin-of-the-american-meteorological-society_1997-06_78_6/page/1069|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|date=June 1997|volume=78|issue=6|pages=1069–1079|doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:APICOW>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> === Ihe nlele mmiri === [[Usòrò:Sea_level_change_1993_to_2018.jpg|thumb| N'agbata afọ 1993 na 2018, oke oke osimiri arịgoro n'ọtụtụ oke osimiri (agba anụnụ anụnụ). <ref>Lindsey, Rebecca (2019) [https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-sea-level Climate Change: Global Sea Level] ''NOAA Climate'', 19 November 2019.</ref>]] Isi ihe ọzọ dị mkpa a na-eme nleba anya n'ọkwa mmiri bụ netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nlele mmiri . E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndekọ satịlaịtị, ndekọ a nwere nnukwu oghere oghere mana ọ na-ekpuchi ogologo oge. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter03_FINAL.pdf|title=IPCC AR5 WGI|author=Rhein|first=Monika|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|location=New York|pages=285|chapter=Observations: Ocean|accessdate=2018-08-26}}</ref> Mkpuchi nlele mmiri malitere na Northern Hemisphere, yana data maka South Hemisphere ka dị ụkọ ruo 1970s. <ref name=":1" /> A na-edekọ nha ọkwa oke osimiri kachasị ogologo na-agba ọsọ, NAP ma ọ bụ Amsterdam Ordnance Datum guzobere na 1675, na Amsterdam, [[Netherlands]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.psmsl.org/data/longrecords/|title=Other Long Records not in the PSMSL Data Set|publisher=PSMSL|accessdate=11 May 2015}}</ref> N'Australia nchịkọta ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ukwuu, gụnyere nha nke onye na-amụ banyere meteorologist malitere na 1837 na nha ndị e nwetara site na akara nrịgo oke osimiri dara n'obere ugwu dị na Isle of the Dead nke dị nso na Port Arthur ikpe ikpe na 1841. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hunter|first=John|date=2003|title=The Sea Level at Port Arthur, Tasmania, from 1841 to the Present|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=30|issue=7|pages=1401|doi=10.1029/2002GL016813}}</ref> Ejiri netwọkụ a, yana data satịlaịtị altimeter, iji gosi na oke oke osimiri pụtara n'ụwa niile  n'etiti 1870 na 2004 na nkezi ọnụego nke ihe dịka 1.44&nbsp;mm/afọ (1.7&nbsp;mm / yr n'ime narị afọ nke 20). <ref name="church">{{Cite journal|author=Church, J.A.|title=20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=33|issue=1|pages=L01602|date=2006|doi=10.1029/2005GL024826}}</ref> Data nke Commonwealth Sayensị na Nnyocha nyocha ụlọ ọrụ (CSIRO) na-achịkọta na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na-egosi usoro ọkwa oke oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ ugbu a ga-adị.  kwa afọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okpukpu abụọ n'ime narị afọ nke 20. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cmar.csiro.au/sealevel/sl_hist_last_decades.html|title=Historical sea level changes: Last decades|work=www.cmar.csiro.au|accessdate=2018-08-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cmar.csiro.au/sealevel/sl_hist_few_hundred.html|title=Historical Sea Level Changes|author=Neil|first=White|publisher=CSIRO|accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref> Nke a bụ nkwenye dị mkpa nke simulations mgbanwe ihu igwe nke buru amụma na ịrị elu oke osimiri ga-eme ngwa ngwa na nzaghachi mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ụfọdụ ndịiche mpaghara na-ahụkwa na data nlele tide. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndịiche mpaghara edekọtara bụ n'ihi ọdịiche dị na oke oke osimiri, ebe ndị ọzọ bụ n'ihi mmegharị ala kwụ ọtọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Europe, a na-ahụ mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'ihi na mpaghara ụfọdụ na-arị elu ebe ndị ọzọ na-emikpu. Kemgbe 1970, ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri atụlewo oke osimiri dị elu, mana ọkwa oke osimiri n'akụkụ oke osimiri Baltic agbadala n'ihi nlọghachi azụ glacial . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/sea-level-rise-5/assessment|title=Global and European sea level|date=27 November 2017|work=European Environmental Agency|accessdate=11 January 2019}}</ref> == Ntụnye == [[Usòrò:20210125_The_Cryosphere_-_Floating_and_grounded_ice_-_imbalance_-_climate_change.png|thumb| Ụwa tụfuru tonnes 28 nke ice n'etiti 1994 na 2017, yana ice gbazere agbaze (akwụkwọ ice na glaciers) na-ebuli ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ site na 34.6 ± 3.1 mm. <ref name="Cryosphere_20210125" /> Ọnụego mfu ice agbagoro site na 57% kemgbe 1990 - site na 0.8 ruo 1.2 trillion tonne kwa afọ. <ref name="Cryosphere_20210125">{{Cite journal|author=Slater|first=Thomas|title=Review article: Earth's ice imbalance|journal=The Cryosphere|date=25 January 2021|volume=15|issue=1|pages=233–246|doi=10.5194/tc-15-233-2021|url=https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/233/2021/|language=English|issn=1994-0416}} Fig. 4.</ref>]] Isi ihe atọ kpatara ikpo ọkụ na-eme ka ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ebili bụ: oke osimiri na- agbasawanye, mpempe akwụkwọ ice na-efunahụ ice ngwa ngwa karịa ka ọ na-etolite site na snow, na glaciers na elu elu na-agbazekwa. Ọkwa mmiri na-ebili kemgbe mmalite narị afọ nke 20 bụ mgbagha nke glaciers na mgbasawanye nke oke osimiri, mana a na-atụ anya na onyinye nke nnukwu ice abụọ (Greenland na Antarctica) ga-abawanye na narị afọ nke 21st. <ref name="Mengel"/> Ibé akwụkwọ ice na-echekwa ọtụtụ ice nke ala (~99.5%), yana oke oke osimiri (SLE) nke 7.4 m (24 ft 3 na) maka Greenland na 58.3 nkem (191 ft 3 na) maka Antarctica. <ref name="WCRP2018"/> Kwa afọ banyere  nke ọdịda (mmiri ihe nhata) na-ada n'elu ice na Antarctica na Greenland, nke ka ukwuu dị ka snow, nke na-agbakọta na oge na-etolite glacial ice. Ọtụtụ n'ime mmiri ozuzo a malitere ka uzu mmiri na-esi n'elu oké osimiri pụta. Ụfọdụ n'ime snow na-ekupụ site na ifufe ma ọ bụ na-apụ na mpempe ice site na agbaze ma ọ bụ site na sublimation (na-agbanwe ozugbo ghọọ vepo mmiri). Ndị fọdụrụ nke snow ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ ice. Akpụrụ akpụrụ akpụ nwere ike na-erute n'akụkụ mpempe akwụkwọ ice wee laghachi n'oké osimiri site na agbaze na nsọtụ ma ọ bụ n'ụdị iceberg . Ọ bụrụ na mmiri ozuzo, usoro elu na mfu ice na nsọtụ na -edozi ibe ha, oke osimiri na-anọgide otu. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala na ice na-efunahụ ya, na n'ike n'ike. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/sea-level-rise-overflowing-estimates|title=Sea level rise overflowing estimates|first=Tanya|author=Lewis|date=23 September 2013|work=Science News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rignot|first=Eric|title=Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979–2017|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=22 January 2019|volume=116|issue=4|pages=1095–1103|doi=10.1073/pnas.1812883116|pmid=30642972}}</ref> === Oke ikpo ọkụ ===   [[Usòrò:Ocean_Heat_Content_(2012).png|alt=|thumb| Ọdịnaya okpomọkụ nke oke osimiri (OHC) n'etiti 1957 na 2017, [http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/ NOAA]]] A na-echekwa ọtụtụ n'ime okpomọkụ agbakwunyere na usoro ihu igwe nke ụwa site na mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ime oke osimiri. Ha na-echekwa ihe karịrị 90% nke oke okpomọkụ ma na-eme ihe dị ka ihe nchebe megide mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe . Okpomọkụ dị mkpa iji bulie nkezi okpomọkụ mmụba nke oke osimiri ụwa dum site na 0.01&nbsp;Celsius C ga-eme ka ọnọdụ ikuku dị ihe dịka 10&nbsp;Celsius C. <ref>Levitus, S., Boyer, T., Antonov, J., Garcia, H., and Locarnini, R. (2005) {{Cite web|url=http://www.climatescience.gov/workshop2005/default.htm|title=Ocean Warming 1955–2003|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717102249/http://www.climatescience.gov/workshop2005/default.htm|archivedate=17 July 2009}} Poster presented at the U.S. Climate Change Science Program Workshop, 14–16 November 2005, Arlington VA, Climate Science in Support of Decision-Making; Last viewed 22 May 2009.</ref> Ya mere, obere mgbanwe na okpomọkụ nke oke osimiri na-anọchi anya mgbanwe dị ukwuu na mkpokọta okpomọkụ nke usoro ihu igwe. Mgbe oké osimiri na-enweta okpomọkụ, mmiri na-agbasawanye na oke osimiri na-ebili. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbasawanye dịgasị iche na ma mmiri okpomọkụ na nrụgide. Maka ogo ọ bụla, mmiri ọkụ na mmiri dị n'okpuru nnukwu nrụgide (n'ihi omimi) gbasaa karịa mmiri oyi na mmiri n'okpuru obere nrụgide. <ref name="ipcc13"/> : 1161 Nke a pụtara na mmiri dị n'oké osimiri [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]] oyi ga-agbasa obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ihi na ụdị ihu igwe dị iche iche nwere ubé dị iche iche nke ikpo ọkụ oké osimiri, ha ekwetaghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu na amụma onyinye nke oké osimiri kpo oku na oké osimiri larịị ịrị elu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kuhlbrodt|first=T|date=2012|title=Ocean heat uptake and its consequences for the magnitude of sea level rise and climate change|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=39|issue=18|pages=L18608|doi=10.1029/2012GL052952|url=http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/28951/1/Kuhlbrodt_Gregory_GRL_2012.pdf}}</ref> Ikuku na ikuku na-ebuga okpomọkụ n'ime akụkụ ndị dị omimi nke oke osimiri, ụfọdụ n'ime ya na-erukwa omimi karịa 2,000 . . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/deep-ocean-waters-are-trapping-vast-stores-of-heat/|title=Deep Ocean Waters Are Trapping Vast Stores of Heat|author=Upton|first=John|date=2016-01-19|work=Scientific American|accessdate=2019-02-01}}</ref> N'ịtụle mmụba na nkezi okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 2&nbsp;Celsius C n'elu ulọ ọrụ mbụ ọkwa, na-adịghị na-atụle ndị nwere ike inye onyinye si ice-ibé usoro na mmachi nkwekọrịta (obere obi ike) n'etiti ime ihe ngosi obibia, ihe gbasara nke puru omume nke gafere 0,5 m ịrị elu nke oké osimiri n'ụwa nile (0.7 m n'akụkụ CONUS oke osimiri) site 2100 bụ. ihe dịka 50% Na 3 °-5&nbsp;Celsius C nke ikpo ọkụ n'okpuru okporo ụzọ ikuku dị elu, ihe gbasara nke puru omume na-ebili na> 80% ruo> 99%. <ref name="NOAAs National Ocean Service 2022">{{Cite web|title=2022 Sea Level Rise Technical Report|work=NOAA's National Ocean Service|date=2022-02-15|url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/sealevelrise-tech-report.html|accessdate=2022-02-16}}</ref> === Antarctica === [[Usòrò:Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png|thumb| Na-eme n'akụkụ ebe nchekwa ice Antarctic]] Nnukwu oke ice dị na kọntinenti Antarctic na-echekwa ihe dịka 70% nke mmiri dị ọcha n'ụwa. <ref name="howstuffworks">{{Cite web|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/question473.htm|title=How Stuff Works: polar ice caps|publisher=howstuffworks.com|accessdate=2006-02-12|date=2000-09-21}}</ref> A na-emetụta [[Antarctica|nguzozi nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice nke Antarctic]] site na mmụkọ nke snow, na mwepu nke ice n'akụkụ mpụta. N'okpuru mmetụta nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, agbaze na isi nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice na-abawanye. N'otu oge ahụ, ike ikuku na-ebu mmiri ozuzo na-abawanye na okpomọkụ nke mere na mmiri ozuzo, n'ụdị snow, na-abawanye na ụdị ụwa na mpaghara. Mmụba nke snow na-eme ka mmiri na-asọba nke mpempe akwụkwọ akpụrụ akpụ n'ime oke osimiri, nke mere na a na-akwụ ụgwọ nke oke uru n'ihi ọdịda snow. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Winkelmann|first=R.|title=Increased future ice discharge from Antarctica owing to higher snowfall|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2012-12-13_492_7428/page/239|journal=Nature|date=12 December 2012|volume=492|issue=7428|pages=239–242|doi=10.1038/nature11616|pmid=23235878}}</ref> Mmiri mmiri ozuzo mụbara n'ime narị afọ abụọ gara aga, ma ọ dịghị mmụba a hụrụ n'ime ime Antarctica n'ime iri afọ anọ gara aga. <ref name="CNN_Jan2019">{{Cite web|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/14/world/climate-change-antarctica-ice-melt-twin-studies/index.html|title=Antarctica ice melt has accelerated by 280% in the last 4 decades|accessdate=January 14, 2019}}</ref> Dabere na mgbanwe nke oke oke mmiri nke Antarctica n'ime ọtụtụ nde afọ, n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe sitere n'okike, ndị nchọpụta kwubiri na ice dị n'oké osimiri na-eme ihe mgbochi maka mmiri ọkụ gbara kọntinent ahụ gburugburu. N'ihi ya, mfu nke ice dị n'oké osimiri bụ isi ihe kpatara enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice dum. <ref name="CNN_Jan2019" /> [[Usòrò:Corp2400_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Nke Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica kasị ukwuu, dị ihe dị ka nha France na ihe ruru ọtụtụ narị mita.]] Ụzọ dị iche iche nke satịlaịtị maka ịlele oke ice na mgbanwe dị na nkwekọrịta dị mma, na ijikọta ụzọ na-eduga n'inwekwu obi ike banyere ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctic Ice Sheet,ọdịda anyanwụ Antarctic Ice Sheet, na Antarctic Peninsula si malite. <ref name="IMBIE2012">{{Cite journal|author=Shepherd|first=Andrew|date=2012|title=A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0vq404h7|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=338|issue=6111|pages=1183–1189|doi=10.1126/science.1228102|pmid=23197528}}</ref> Nnyocha nyocha nke usoro 2018 mere atụmatụ na mfu ice n'ofe kọntinent niile bụ 43 gigatons (Gt) kwa afọ na nkezi n'ime oge site na 1992 ruo 2002, mana ọ gbagoro na nkezi nke 220 Gt kwa afọ n'ime afọ ise site na 2012 ruo 2017. <ref name="pmid29899482"/> Ọtụtụ n'ime agbaze na-abịa site ọdịda anyanwụ Antarctic mpempe akwụkwọ ice, mana Antarctic Peninsula na ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctic mpempe akwụkwọ ice na-enyekwa aka. Ekwuru na ịrị elu oke osimiri n'ihi Antarctica bụ 0.25&nbsp;mm kwa afọ site na 1993 ruo 2005, na 0.42&nbsp;mm kwa afọ site na 2005 ruo 2015. Ihe ndekọ data niile n'ozuzu na-egosi mmụba nke nnukwu mfu site na mpempe akwụkwọ ice Antarctic, mana enwere mgbanwe dị iche iche kwa afọ. <ref name="WCRP2018"/> Nnyocha emere na Mee 2021 tụrụ amụma na ịmachi okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ bụrụ 1.5&nbsp;Celsius C ga-ebelata onyinye ice maka oke oke osimiri site na 2100 site na 25&nbsp;cm ruo 13&nbsp;cm (site na 10 ruo 6 in.) ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkwa mbelata nke ugbu a, ya na glaciers na-ahụ maka enyemaka na-ebili ọkara nke oke osimiri. <ref name="Nature_20210505A" /> Ejighi n'aka anụ ahụ nke onyinye Antarctic dị ịrịba ama karịa ejighị n'aka n'ihi nhọrọ nke ụzọ nkwụsịtụ. <ref name="Nature_20210505A">{{Cite journal|author=Edwards|first=Tamsin L.|date=5 May 2021|title=Projected land ice contributions to twenty-first-century sea level rise|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03302-y|journal=Nature|volume=593|issue=7857|pages=74–82|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03302-y|issn=0028-0836|pmid=33953415}} [https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/173870/ Alt URL]</ref> ==== ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctica ==== Ebe kachasị n'ụwa nwere ike ibute ọkwa oke osimiri bụ akwụkwọ Ice Antarcticọ , nke na-ejide ice zuru oke iji bulie ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ site na 53.3 . . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fretwell|first=P.|title=Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica|journal=The Cryosphere|date=28 February 2013|volume=7|issue=1|pages=375–393|doi=10.5194/tc-7-375-2013}}</ref> N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ahụta mpempe akwụkwọ ice dị ka ọ kwụsiri ike ma ya mere ọ dọtaghị uche na nleba anya sayensị dị ntakịrị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọdịda anyanwụ Antarctica. <ref name="CNN_Jan2019"/> Nchikota nlebanya satịlaịtị banyere mgbanwe olu ya, mgbaba na mma ndọda ya na imepụta nguzozi n'elu ya na-egosi nguzozi n'ozuzu oke nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctic mpempe akwụkwọ ice bụ ihe kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ dịtụ mma maka ọtụtụ oge 1992-2017. <ref name="pmid29899482"/> Nnyocha 2019, Otú ọ dị, site na iji usoro dị iche iche, kwubiri na ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctica na-atụfu nnukwu ice. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ Eric Rignot gwara CNN: "A na-agbaze n'akụkụ Antarctica kachasị mfe ... akụkụ nke na-ejide ikike nke ọtụtụ mita nke oke osimiri na-ebili na narị afọ ma ọ bụ abụọ na-abịa." <ref name="CNN_Jan2019" /> Ụzọ na-ekweta na Totten Glacier atụfuola ice n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi nzaghachi okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Greene|first=Chad A.|title=Wind causes Totten Ice Shelf melt and acceleration|journal=Science Advances|date=1 November 2017|volume=3|issue=11|pages=e1701681|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1701681|pmid=29109976}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Roberts|first=Jason|title=Ocean forced variability of Totten Glacier mass loss|journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications|date=2018|volume=461|issue=1|pages=175–186|doi=10.1144/sp461.6|url=https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/en/publications/ocean-forced-variability-of-totten-glacier-mass-loss(27694a07-b3c7-45fd-bdfb-74eb6b09c3e0).html}}</ref> na ikekwe mbelata nke mkpuchi mmiri dị n'oké osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Greene|first=Chad A.|title=Seasonal dynamics of Totten Ice Shelf controlled by sea ice buttressing|journal=The Cryosphere|date=6 September 2018|volume=12|issue=9|pages=2869–2882|doi=10.5194/tc-12-2869-2018}}</ref> Totten Glacier bụ isi mmalite nke Aurora Subglacial Basin, nnukwu mmiri mmiri ice na East Antarctica nke nwere ike ịlaghachi ngwa ngwa n'ihi usoro mmiri mmiri. <ref name=":8" /> Oke oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere ike nke 3.5 m (11 ft 6 na) na-agafe na Totten Glacier naanị nwere oke nha na ntinye aka niile nwere ike ịbụ nke ọdịda anyanwụ Antarctic mpempe akwụkwọ ice <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Greenbaum|first=J. S.|title=Ocean access to a cavity beneath Totten Glacier in East Antarctica|journal=Nature Geoscience|date=16 March 2015|volume=8|issue=4|pages=294–298|doi=10.1038/ngeo2388}}</ref> Isi mmiri mmiri mmiri ọzọ dị na ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctica nke nwere ike ịlaghachi ngwa ngwa bụ Wilkes Basin nke nwere nsogbu enweghị ike idebe mmiri mmiri . <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Pollard|first=David|title=Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|date=February 2015|volume=412|pages=112–121|doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.035}}</ref> Enwere ike kwụọ ụgwọ mfu ice sitere na glaciers ndị a site na uru m nwetara n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Antarctica. <ref name="pmid29899482">{{Cite journal|title=Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017|journal=Nature|date=13 June 2018|volume=558|issue=7709|pages=219–222|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y|pmid=29899482|laysource=[[Ars Technica]]|laydate=2018-06-13|author=IMBIE team}}</ref> ==== ọdịda anyanwụ Antarctica ==== [[File:West_Antarctic_Collapse.ogv|thumb|Ihe ngosi eserese nke ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na ụkọ mmiri Ice Ice Sheet na usoro enweghị ike nke mmiri mmiri na-emetụta ọdịda anyanwụ Mpempe akwụkwọ ice Antarctic.]] Ọ bụ ezie na ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctica nwere nnukwu isi iyi nke ịrị elu oke osimiri, ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ Antarctica na-enwe ugbu a oke mmiri nke ice, na-eme ka ọkwa oke osimiri na-ebili. Iji satịlaịtị dị iche iche sitere na 1992 ruo 2017 na-egosi agbaze na-abawanye nke ukwuu n'oge a. Antarctica n'ozuzu akpatawo ngụkọta nke  nke oké osimiri larịị ịrị elu. N'ịtụle nha nha anya nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctic Ice Sheet bụ nke kwụtụrụ aka, ihe kacha nyere aka bụ West Antarctica. <ref name="pmid29899482"/> Mmụba dị ịrịba ama nke glaciers na-apụ apụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Amundsen nwere ike iso na mmụba a. <ref name="RignotBamber2008">{{Cite journal|author=Rignot|first=Eric|title=Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling|journal=Nature Geoscience|date=13 January 2008|volume=1|issue=2|pages=106–110|doi=10.1038/ngeo102|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/26f4j9vv}}</ref> N'adịghị ka ọwụwa anyanwụ Antarctica na Antarctic Peninsula, okpomọkụ dị na West Antarctica abawanyela nke ukwuu site na usoro n'etiti 0.08 Celsius C (0.14 Celsius F) kwa afọ na 0.96 Celsius C (1.73 Celsius F) kwa afọ n'etiti 1976 na 2012. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ludescher|first=Josef|title=Long-term persistence enhances uncertainty about anthropogenic warming of Antarctica|journal=Climate Dynamics|date=16 April 2015|volume=46|issue=1–2|pages=263–271|doi=10.1007/s00382-015-2582-5}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ụdị enweghị ntụkwasị obi na-egwu na ọdịda anyanwụ Antarctica. Otu bụ enweghị mmiri Ice Sheet Sheet, ebe akwa akwa nke akụkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice na-ezu ike dị omimi n'ime ala. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Robel|first=Alexander A.|title=Marine ice sheet instability amplifies and skews uncertainty in projections of future sea-level rise|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=23 July 2019|volume=116|issue=30|pages=14887–14892|doi=10.1073/pnas.1904822116|pmid=31285345}}</ref> Nke a pụtara na mgbe akụkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice na-agbaze, akụkụ dị arọ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice na-ekpughere n'oké osimiri, nke nwere ike iduga n'ikuku ice ọzọ. Nke abuo, agbaze nke ice shelves, na-ese n'elu mmiri ndọtị nke ice mpempe akwụkwọ, na-eduga na usoro aha ya bụ mmiri ugwu ugwu akwusighi ike ''.'' N'ihi na ha na-arụ ọrụ dị ka buttress na mpempe akwụkwọ ice, mgbaze ha na-eduga n'ọsọ mmiri ọzọ (lee animation otu nkeji n'ime vidiyo). A na-agbaze nke shelf ice ngwa ngwa mgbe agbaze n'elu na-emepụta crevasses na ihe ndị a na-akpata mgbaji. <ref name="pmid30013142">{{Cite journal|author=Pattyn|first=Frank|title=The paradigm shift in Antarctic ice sheet modelling|journal=Nature Communications|date=16 July 2018|volume=9|issue=1|pages=2728|doi=10.1038/s41467-018-05003-z|pmid=30013142}}</ref> Achọpụtala na glaciers Thwaites na Pine Island nwere ike ịdị na usoro ndị a, ebe ọ bụ na ebe ugwu abụọ nke glaciers na- erute n'ime ime obodo, na-ekpughere ha na ntinye mmiri ọkụ karịa n'ime mpaghara ala . <ref name="BBC1">{{Cite news|author=Amos|first=Jonathan|date=December 13, 2021|title=Thwaites: Antarctic glacier heading for dramatic change|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59644494|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=December 14, 2021}}</ref> Na-aga n'ihu na-agbaze na ịlaghachi azụ ha na-enye aka n'ịkwalite ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/06/after-decades-of-ice-loss-antarctica-is-now-hemorrhaging-mass/562748/|work=The Atlantic|year=2018|title=After Decades of Losing Ice, Antarctica Is Now Hemorrhaging It}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/glaciers-and-climate/ice-ocean-interactions/marine-ice-sheets/|work=AntarcticGlaciers.org|year=2014|title=Marine ice sheet instability}}</ref> Dị ka Ted Scambos si kwuo, onye ọkà mmụta glaciologist na Mahadum [[Colorado]] Boulder na onye ndu nke International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration, "Ọ bụrụ na Thwaites ga-ada, ọ ga-adọkpụrụ ọtụtụ ice nke West Antarctica na ya. Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa iji nweta nkọwa doro anya ka glacier ga-esi akpa àgwà n'ime 100 afọ na-abịa." <ref name="CIRES" /> N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2021 na Washington Post sitere na ọdụ McMurdo, Scambos gbakwụnyere, "Ihe na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa ebe a. Ọ dị egwu." <ref name="Kaplan1">{{Cite news|author=Kaplan|first=Sarah|date=December 13, 2021|title=Crucial Antarctic ice shelf could fail within five years, scientists say|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/12/13/thwaites-glacier-melt-antarctica/|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=December 14, 2021}}</ref> Mgbaze nke glacier abụọ a abawanyela ngwa ngwa na mmalite narị afọ nke 21st. Ọ nwere ike imebi mpempe akwụkwọ ice nke West Antarctic dum. Agbanyeghị, usoro a agaghị agwụ agwụ na narị afọ a. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Rosane|first=Olivia|title=Antarctica's 'Doomsday Glacier' Is Starting to Crack|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/doomsday-glacier-antarctica-crack-2647666896.html|accessdate=18 October 2020|publisher=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime akwa akwa dị n'okpuru mpempe akwụkwọ ice Antarctic dị n'okpuru oke osimiri. <ref name=":8"/> Ndakpọ ngwa ngwa nke Akwụkwọ Ice nkeọdịda anyanwụ Antarctic nwere ike ibuli ọkwa oke osimiri site na 3.3 m (10 ft 10 na) . <ref name="Bamber2009">{{Cite journal|author=Bamber|first=J.L.|title=Reassessment of the Potential Sea-Level Rise from a Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet|journal=Science|date=14 May 2009|volume=324|issue=5929|pages=901–903|doi=10.1126/science.1169335|pmid=19443778|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/3f9505e164955fcd2bd48b649a66fe4a7a206eb8}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Joughin|first=Ian|title=Stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet in a warming world|journal=Nature Geoscience|date=24 July 2011|volume=4|issue=8|pages=506–513|doi=10.1038/ngeo1194}}</ref> === Greenland === [[Usòrò:Greenland_ssi_2007.jpg|thumb| Greenland 2007 gbazee, tụrụ dị ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọnụọgụ ụbọchị nke agbaze mere na 2007 ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi ụbọchị agbaze kwa afọ site na 1988 ruo 2006 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/newsroom|title=NASA Earth Observatory - Newsroom|date=18 January 2019|work=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref>]] Ọtụtụ ice na Greenland bụ akụkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice nke Greenland bụ 3 km (10,000 ft) na oke ya. Akpụrụ mmiri ndị ọzọ dị na Greenland bụ akụkụ nke glaciers dịpụrụ adịpụ na mkpuchi ice. Isi mmalite ndị na-enye aka na ịrị elu oke osimiri sitere na Greenland sitere na mpempe akwụkwọ na-agbaze (pasent 70) yana site na glacier calving (30%). Uzuzu, soot, na ụmụ nje na algae na-ebi n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ice na-eme ka mgbaze na-agbaze site na ime ka elu ya gbaa ọchịchịrị wee si otú ahụ na-amịkọrọ ọkụ ọkụ ; mpaghara ndị a tolitere site na 12% n'etiti 2000 na 2012, ma nwee ike gbasaa n'ihu. <ref name=":14">{{Cite news|url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19042018/greenland-ice-sheet-melting-climate-change-arctic-pollution-sea-level-rise-algae-black-carbon|title=What's Eating Away at the Greenland Ice Sheet?|author=Bob Berwyn|work=Inside Climate News}}</ref> Nkezi mfu ice kwa afọ na Greenland karịrị okpukpu abụọ na mmalite narị afọ nke 21 ma e jiri ya tụnyere narị afọ nke 20. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kjeldsen|first=Kristian K.|title=Spatial and temporal distribution of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet since AD 1900|journal=Nature|date=16 December 2015|volume=528|issue=7582|pages=396–400|doi=10.1038/nature16183|pmid=26672555|url=https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/spatial-and-temporal-distribution-of-mass-loss-from-the-greenland-ice-sheet-since-ad-1900(29ed76ed-b8f7-4b99-bf59-a275b0a22ce7).html}}</ref> Ụfọdụ nnukwu glacier nke Greenland, dị ka Jakobshavn Isbræ na Kangerlussuaq Glacier, na-asọba ngwa ngwa n'oké osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Joughin|first=Ian|title=Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ glacier|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2004-12-02_432_7017/page/608|journal=Nature|date=December 2004|volume=432|issue=7017|pages=608–610|doi=10.1038/nature03130|pmid=15577906}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/environment/article301493.ece|title=Melting Greenland glacier may hasten rise in sea level|author=Connor|first=Steve|date=2005|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=2010-04-30|archive-date=2005-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050727015231/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/environment/article301493.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otu nnyocha e bipụtara na 2017 kwubiri na glaciers mpụta Greenland na ice ice gafere ebe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha gburugburu 1997, na ọ ga-anọgide na-agbaze. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Noël|first=B.|title=A tipping point in refreezing accelerates mass loss of Greenland's glaciers and ice caps|journal=Nature Communications|date=31 March 2017|volume=8|issue=1|pages=14730|doi=10.1038/ncomms14730|pmid=28361871}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/greenland-coastal-ice-caps-melting_us_58e5f007e4b0fe4ce08840b1|title=Greenland's Coastal Ice Caps Have Melted Past The Point Of No Return|author=Mosbergen|first=Dominique|work=Huffington Post}}</ref> Mpempe ice nke Greenland na glaciers ya na mkpuchi ice bụ ihe kacha enye aka na oke oke osimiri na-ebili site na isi mmalite ''ice'' (ewezuga mgbasawanye ọkụ), jikọtara ọnụ maka pasent 71, ma ọ bụ 1.32&nbsp;mm kwa afọ n'ime oge 2012-2016. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bamber|first=Jonathan L|title=The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era|journal=Environmental Research Letters|date=1 June 2018|volume=13|issue=6|pages=063008|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aac2f0}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.uci.edu/2019/12/19/greenland-ice-loss-is-at-worse-case-scenario-levels-study-finds/|title=Greenland ice loss is at 'worse-case scenario' levels, study finds|date=2019-12-19|work=UCI News|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-28}}</ref> Nnyocha e bipụtara na 2020 mere atụmatụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Greenland tụfuru ngụkọta nke 3,902 gigatons (Gt) nke ice n'etiti 1992 na 2018, kwekọrọ na ntinye aka na ịrị elu oke osimiri nke 10.8&nbsp;mm. Ọkwa oke osimiri n'ihi mpempe akwụkwọ ice nke Greenland abawanyela ka oge na-aga, na-ebili site na 0.07.&nbsp;mm kwa afọ n'etiti 1992 na 1997 ruo 0.68&nbsp;mm kwa afọ n'etiti 2012 na 2017. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Shepherd|first=Andrew|date=2020-03-12|title=Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=579|issue=7798|pages=233–239|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2|pmid=31822019|issn=1476-4687|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/242139}}</ref> Atụmatụ maka ntinye aka n'ọdịniihu maka ọkwa oke osimiri sitere na Greenland sitere na 0.3 to 3 m (1 ruo 10 ft), maka afọ 2100. <ref name=":14"/> Na njedebe nke narị afọ, ọ nwere ike inye 2-10 centimita kwa afọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Jordan|title=Greenland Ice Sheet Melting Faster Than at Any Time in Last 12,000 Years, Study Finds|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/greenland-ice-sheet-melting-2647877350.html|accessdate=18 October 2020|date=1 October 2020}}</ref> Ntinye aka nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice nke Greenland na ọkwa oke osimiri n'ime narị afọ ole na ole sochirinụ nwere ike ịdị oke elu n'ihi usoro ịgbake onwe ya (nke a na-akpọ nzaghachi dị mma ). Mgbe oge mbụ nke agbaze, ịdị elu nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice ga-agbada. Ka ikuku ikuku na-abawanye nso n'elu oke osimiri, ọtụtụ agbaze na-amalite ime. Enwere ike ịgbaze nke a ngwa ngwa n'ihi na agba ice na-agba ọchịchịrị ka ọ na-agbaze. Enwere ọnụ ụzọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu karịa nke agbaze nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice nke Greenland na-apụta ma ọ bụ nso nso. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Irvalı|first=Nil|date=2019-12-18|title=A low climate threshold for south Greenland Ice Sheet demise during the Late Pleistocene|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=117|issue=1|pages=190–195|language=en|doi=10.1073/pnas.1911902116|issn=0027-8424|pmid=31871153}}</ref> Nchọpụta dị iche iche etinyela uru ọnụ ụzọ a dị ka 1&nbsp;Celsius C (2&nbsp;°F), na 4&nbsp;Celsius C (7&nbsp;Celsius F), karịa okpomọkụ tupu ụlọ ọrụ arụ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Alexander|title=Multistability and critical thresholds of the Greenland ice sheet|url=https://archive.org/details/nature-climate-change_2012-06_2_6/page/429|journal=Nature Climate Change|date=11 March 2012|volume=2|issue=6|pages=429–432|doi=10.1038/nclimate1449}}</ref> <ref name="ipcc13"/> : 1170 Nyocha 2021 nke sedimenti sub-glacial na ala nke 1.4&nbsp;km Greenland ice isi na-achọpụta na akwụkwọ ice ice gbazere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro n'ime afọ nde gara aga, ya mere na-atụ aro na njedebe ya dị n'okpuru 2.5.&nbsp;°C kacha mma njem nlegharị anya okpomọkụ n'ime oge ahụ. <ref name="LeMonde">{{Cite news|author=Garric|first=Audrey|title=La calotte glaciaire du Groenland a déjà fondu au moins une fois au cours du dernier million d'années|work=Le Monde|date=15 March 2021|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2021/03/15/la-calotte-glaciaire-du-groenland-a-deja-fondu-au-moins-une-fois-au-cours-du-dernier-million-d-annees_6073234_3244.html}}</ref> <ref name="PNAS">{{Cite journal|author=Christ|first=Andrew J.|title=A multimillion-year-old record of Greenland vegetation and glacial history preserved in sediment beneath 1.4 km of ice at Camp Century|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States|date=30 March 2021|volume=118|issue=13|pages=e2021442118|doi=10.1073/pnas.2021442118|pmid=33723012}}</ref> === Igwe mmiri ===   Ihe na-erughị 1% nke ice glacier dị na glaciers ugwu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 99% na Greenland na Antarctica. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, glaciers ugwu enyela aka nke ọma na ịrị elu oke osimiri nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ma na-atụnye ụtụ dị nta, mana ọ ka nwere obere akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ịrị elu oke osimiri na narị afọ 21st. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Radić|first=Valentina|title=Regionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise|journal=Nature Geoscience|date=9 January 2011|volume=4|issue=2|pages=91–94|doi=10.1038/ngeo1052}}</ref> Ihe dị ka glaciers 200,000 dị n'ụwa na-agbasa na kọntinent niile. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Huss|first=Matthias|title=A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise|journal=Frontiers in Earth Science|date=30 September 2015|volume=3|pages=54|doi=10.3389/feart.2015.00054}}</ref> Igwe glacier dị iche iche na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ dị iche na oke okpomọkụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, glaciers ndagwurugwu nke nwere mkpọda na-emighị emi na-alaghachi n'okpuru okpomoku dị nro. Igwe glacier ọ bụla nwere ịdị elu n'elu nke enwere uru net na oke na n'okpuru nke glacier na-efunahụ oke. Ọ bụrụ na ịdị elu ahụ gbanwere ntakịrị, nke a nwere nnukwu nsonaazụ maka glaciers nwere mkpọda na-emighị emi. <ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter04_FINAL.pdf|title=IPCC AR5 WGI|author=Vaughan|first=David G.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|location=New York|chapter=Observations: Cryosphere|accessdate=2018-08-26}}</ref> : 345 Ọtụtụ glaciers na-asọba n'oké osimiri na mfu akpụrụ akpụ nwere ike ịbawanye mgbe oke oke osimiri na-abawanye. <ref name=":2" /> Nnyocha nleba anya na nlegharị anya nke oke ọnwụ sitere na glaciers na okpu ice na -egosi ntinye aka na ịrị elu oke osimiri nke 0.2-0.4&nbsp;mm kwa afọ, nkezi ihe karịrị narị afọ nke 20. N'ime narị afọ nke 21st, a na-atụ anya na nke a ga-ebili, na glaciers na-atụnye ụtụ  na ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref name="ipcc13"/> : 1165 Glaciers nyere ihe dị ka 40% na ịrị elu oke osimiri n'ime narị afọ nke 20, yana atụmatụ maka narị afọ nke 21 nke gburugburu 30%. <ref name="WCRP2018"/> === Mmiri mmiri === Akpụrụ mmiri mmiri na-agbaze na-atụnye ụtụ dịtụ ịrị elu oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri gbazere site na ice na-ese n'elu oké osimiri bụ kpọmkwem otu ihe ahụ dị ka mmiri mmiri, mgbe ahụ, dị ka ụkpụrụ Archimedes si dị, ọ dịghị ịrị elu agaghị eme. Otú ọ dị agbaze oké osimiri ice nwere obere etisasịwo nnu karịa oké osimiri mmiri na bụ ya mere obere [[Density|ok]] : N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ ọ bụ ezie na agbazere oké osimiri ice arọ otu ihe ahụ dị ka oké osimiri mmiri ọ na displacing mgbe ọ bụ ice, ya olu ka dịtụ ukwuu. Ọ bụrụ na ihe niile na-ese n'elu ice shelf na iceberg ga-agbazekwa oke osimiri ga-ebili naanị ihe dị ka  . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Noerdlinger|first=Peter D.|title=The melting of floating ice raises the ocean level|journal=Geophysical Journal International|date=July 2007|volume=170|issue=1|pages=145–150|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03472.x}}</ref> === Nchekwa mmiri nke ala === [[Usòrò:Trends-in-land-water-storage-from-GRACE-observations,-April-2002-to-November-2014.jpg|thumb| Usoro na nchekwa mmiri nke ala site na nlele GRACE na gigatons kwa afọ, Eprel 2002 ruo Nọvemba 2014 (a na-ewepụ glaciers na ice sheet).]] Ndị mmadụ na-emetụta oke mmiri na-echekwa n'ala. Ịrụ ihe mgbochi mmiri na-egbochi nnukwu mmiri ịbanye n'oké osimiri, ya mere na-abawanye nchekwa mmiri n'elu ala. N'aka nke ọzọ, ụmụ mmadụ na-amịpụta mmiri na ọdọ mmiri, ala mmiri na ọdọ mmiri n'okpuru ala maka mmepụta nri na -eduga n'oké osimiri. Ọzọkwa, usoro [[Etemete mmírí|mmiri mmiri na]] -emetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na igbutu osisi, nke nwere ike iduga n'ihu na ntinye dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma na ịrị elu oke osimiri. Na narị afọ nke 20, usoro ndị a dabara nke ọma, mana iwu mgbochi mmiri agbadala ma na-atụ anya na ọ ga-adị ala maka narị afọ nke 21st. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wada|first=Yoshihide|title=Recent Changes in Land Water Storage and its Contribution to Sea Level Variations|journal=Surveys in Geophysics|date=15 November 2016|volume=38|issue=1|pages=131–152|doi=10.1007/s10712-016-9399-6|pmid=32269399}}</ref> <ref name="ipcc13">{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/|title=Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|author=Church|first=J.A.|publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA|year=2013|editor=Stocker|chapter=Sea Level Change}}</ref> : 1155  == Atụmatụ == [[Usòrò:Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Mwughari ọkwa oke osimiri akụkọ ihe mere eme na ntule ruo 2100 nke e bipụtara na 2017 site na Mmemme Nchọpụta Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Ụwa maka Ntụle Climate Mba nke anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/techrpt83_Global_and_Regional_SLR_Scenarios_for_the_US_final.pdf|title=January 2017 analysis from NOAA: Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States}}</ref> RCP 2.6 bụ ọnọdụ ebe ikuku ikuku na-arị elu tupu 2020, RCP4.5 bụ ebe ha na-arị elu gburugburu 2040, yana RCP8.5 bụ ebe ha na-abawanye.]] [[Usòrò:Sea_level_rise_projections_for_the_21st_century.png|thumb| Atụmatụ ọkwa oke osimiri dị iche iche na-ebili maka narị afọ nke 21st]] Enwere ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ sara mbara nke ịmegharị ọkwa oke oke osimiri yana ime amụma n'ọdịnihu. N'otu ụzọ ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eji usoro nhazi usoro, ebe usoro anụ ahụ niile dị mkpa na nke a ghọtara nke ọma gụnyere n'ụdị anụ ahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. A na-eji ụdị mpempe akwụkwọ ice iji gbakọọ onyinye nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice na a na-eji usoro mgbasa ozi n'ozuzu iji gbakọọ oke okpomọkụ nke oke osimiri na mgbasawanye ya. Mwepu nke usoro a bụ na ọ bụghị usoro niile dị mkpa nwere ike ịghọta na ọkwa zuru oke, ma ọ nwere ike ịkọ amụma ndị na-abụghị nke linearities na ogologo oge na nzaghachi nke ọmụmụ ihe n'oge gara aga ga-atụfu. N'ụzọ nke ọzọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eji usoro ihe omimi nke na-eji data geoloji mee ihe n'oge gara aga iji chọpụta azịza ọkwa oke osimiri na ụwa na-ekpo ọkụ na mgbakwunye na ụfọdụ nhazi anụ ahụ. <ref name="Mengel"/> Ụdị ọkwa oke osimiri ndị a nwere obere ihe na-adabere na usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ, na-eji mmekọrịta dị n'etiti hụrụ n'oge gara aga (atụnye aka) ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ yana okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 ºC|author=Hoegh-Guldberg|first=O.|publisher=In Press|year=2018|chapter=Impacts of 1.5°C of Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems|chapterurl=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/SR15_Chapter3_Low_Res.pdf|accessdate=2019-01-18}}</ref> Ụdị ihe nlere anya nke a bụ nke ọtụtụ ụdị anụ ahụ kpaliri na nyocha akwụkwọ gara aga site na Ndị otu gọọmentị etiti na mgbanwe ihu igwe (IPCC) ebe ha ledara ọnụ ọgụgụ ịrị elu oke osimiri anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere nyocha nke narị afọ nke 20. <ref name="ipcc13"/> === Atụmatụ maka narị afọ nke 21st === N'ime akụkọ nlele anya nke ise ya (2013) Ndị otu gọọmentị etiti na mgbanwe ihu igwe (IPCC) mere atụmatụ ole ọkwa oke osimiri nwere ike ịrị elu na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu dabere na ọkwa dị iche iche nke ikuku ikuku griin haus. Atụmatụ ndị a gbadoro ụkwụ na ihe ndị a ma ama nke na-enye aka na ịrị elu oke osimiri, mana ewepu usoro ndị ọzọ na-aghọtachaghị nke ọma. Ọ bụrụ na mba na-eme ngwa ngwa na-ebelata ikuku ikuku (ọnọdụ RCP 2.6), IPCC chere na ọ ga-abụ na ọkwa oke osimiri ga-ebili.  na oge ntụkwasị obi 67%. Ọ bụrụ na ikuku na-adị elu nke ukwuu, ọrụ IPCC ga-ebuli elu n'oké osimiri  . <ref name="ipcc13"/> N'August 2020 ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kọrọ na hụrụ mfu mpempe akwụkwọ ice na Greenland na Antarctica na-eso ọnọdụ ọnọdụ kacha njọ nke amụma ịrị elu oke osimiri nke IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sea level rise from ice sheets track worst-case climate change scenario|url=https://phys.org/news/2020-08-sea-ice-sheets-track-worst-case.html|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=phys.org|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Earth's ice sheets tracking worst-case climate scenarios|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/09/01/world/science-health-world/ice-sheets-worst-case-climate-scenarios/|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=The Japan Times|date=1 September 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ice sheet melt on track with 'worst-case climate scenario'|url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Space_for_our_climate/Ice_sheet_melt_on_track_with_worst-case_climate_scenario|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=www.esa.int|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Slater|first=Thomas|date=31 August 2020|title=Ice-sheet losses track high-end sea-level rise projections|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0893-y|journal=Nature Climate Change|language=en|volume=10|issue=10|pages=879–881|doi=10.1038/s41558-020-0893-y|issn=1758-6798|accessdate=8 September 2020}} [http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/165063/ Alt URL]</ref> Kemgbe e bipụtara ntule 2013 IPCC, a na-agba mbọ itinyekwu usoro anụ ahụ yana imepụta ụdị nwere ike iji data paleoclimate na-ebuli elu oke osimiri. Nke a na-ebutekarị atụmatụ ịrị elu oke osimiri. <ref name="pmid30013142"/> <ref name=":8"/> <ref name="Hansen2016">{{Cite journal|author=Hansen|first=James|title=Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|date=22 March 2016|volume=16|issue=6|pages=3761–3812|doi=10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọmụmụ 2016 nke Jim Hansen duziri kwubiri na dabere na data mgbanwe ihu igwe gara aga, ịrị elu oke osimiri nwere ike ịbawanye ngwa ngwa n'ime iri afọ ndị na-abịanụ, yana oge okpukpu abụọ nke afọ 10, 20 ma ọ bụ 40, n'otu n'otu, na-ebuli oké osimiri site na ọtụtụ mita. n'ime afọ 50, 100 ma ọ bụ 200. <ref name="Hansen2016" /> Otú ọ dị, Greg Holland sitere na Ụlọ ọrụ mba maka nyocha ikuku, bụ onye nyochara ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, kwuru, sị: "Obi abụọ adịghị ya na oke oke osimiri na-ebili, n'ime IPCC, bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, ya mere eziokwu dị n'etiti IPCC na Jim ''.'' " <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/07/23/controversial-sea-level-rise-paper-is-now-published-online/|title=James Hansen's controversial sea level rise paper has now been published online|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, otu ihe atụ nke ọmụmụ 2017, na-eche na iji mmanụ ọkụ dị elu maka mgba ọkụ na uto akụ na ụba siri ike n'ime narị afọ a, na-arụ ọrụ ọkwa oke osimiri ruru 132 . na nkezi - na ihe dị oke egwu na ihe dị ukwuu  , site na 2100. Nke a nwere ike ịpụta ọsọsọ ọkwa oke osimiri ruru  kwa afọ site na njedebe nke narị afọ. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ kwubiri na nkwekọrịta ikuku ihu igwe nke Paris, ọ bụrụ na ezute ya, ga-ebute ihe dị n'etiti.  nke oke osimiri na-ebili site na 2100. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/science/ct-climate-change-sea-level-rise-20171026-story.html|title=New science suggests the ocean could rise more — and faster — than we thought|author=Chris Mooney|date=October 26, 2017|work=The Chicago Tribune}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nauels|first=Alexander|title=Linking sea level rise and socioeconomic indicators under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways|journal=Environmental Research Letters|date=1 November 2017|volume=12|issue=11|pages=114002|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aa92b6}}</ref> Dị ka nke anọ (2017) Ntụle ihu igwe nke mba (NCA) nke United States si kwuo, o yikarịrị ka oke osimiri ga-ebili n'etiti 30 na 130.&nbsp;cm (1.0–4.3 ụkwụ) na 2100 ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ 2000. ịrị elu 2.4 m (ụkwụ 8) ga-ekwe omume n'anụ ahụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ikuku dị elu mana ndị ode akwụkwọ enweghị ike ikwu etu ọ ga-esi. Ihe omume a kachasị njọ nwere ike ịbịa naanị site na nnukwu onyinye sitere na Antarctica; mpaghara siri ike ịṅomi. <ref name=":16"/> Enwere ike ịdaba akwụkwọ ice nke West-Antarctic na ịrị elu oke oke mmiri na-esote azụ na 1970s. <ref name="pmid30013142"/> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Mercer bipụtara otu ọmụmụ na 1978 na-ebu amụma na okpomọkụ nke carbon dioxide anthropogenic na mmetụta ọ nwere na ihu igwe na narị afọ nke 21 nwere ike ime ka elu mmiri dị gburugburu 5 . site na agbaze nke mpempe ice nke West Antarctic naanị. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mercer|first=J. H.|title=West Antarctic ice sheet and CO2 greenhouse effect: a threat of disaster|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1978-01-26_271_5643/page/321|journal=Nature|date=January 1978|volume=271|issue=5643|pages=321–325|doi=10.1038/271321a0}}</ref> <ref name="pmid30013142" /> N'afọ 2019, otu ọmụmụ buru amụma na n'ọnọdụ dị ala, ọkwa oke osimiri ga-ebili 30 centimeters site na 2050 na 69 centimeters site na 2100, dabere na ọkwa ahụ na 2000. N'ọnọdụ dị elu, ọ ga-abụ 34&nbsp;cm site na 2050 na 111&nbsp;cm site na 2100. Enwere ike na ịrị elu ga-agafe mita 2 site na 2100 n'ọnọdụ dị elu nke ikuku ikuku, nke ga-ebute mgbapụ nke nde mmadụ 187. Oke oke osimiri nke a na-atụ anya maka 2050 ga-ebute mmụba siri ike na ugboro nke idei mmiri n'ụsọ oké osimiri (ihe omume idei mmiri anọ "na-agafeghị oke" kwa afọ na US, dị ka akụkọ NOAA na-adịbeghị anya), n'agbanyeghị enweghị oke mmiri ozuzo na / ma ọ bụ oke mmiri ozuzo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S Coastline to See Up to a Foot of Sea Level by 2050|url=https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/us-coastline-to-see-up-to-foot-of-sea-level-rise-by-2050|work=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=February 16, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=L. Bamber|first=Jonathan|title=Ice sheet contributions to future sea-level rise from structured expert judgment|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=116|issue=23|pages=11195–11200|date=May 2019|doi=10.1073/pnas.1817205116|pmid=31110015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|work=oceanservice.noaa.gov|url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/sealevelrise-tech-report.html#step2}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019 Ndị otu gọọmentị etiti na- ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe bipụtara akụkọ gbasara mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na oke osimiri gụnyere ịrị elu oke osimiri. Isi echiche dị na akụkọ ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ndị odee ya bụ Michael Oppenheimer si kwuo bụ na ọ bụrụ na ụmụ mmadụ ga-ebelata oke ikuku gas na Greenhouse n'ime iri afọ ndị na-abịanụ, nsogbu ahụ ga-esi ike mana enwere ike ijikwa ya. Ọ bụrụ na ịrị elu nke ikuku ga-aga n'ihu, nsogbu ga-abụ nke enweghị ike ịchịkwa. <ref>{{Cite news|author=MEYER|first=ROBINSON|title=The Oceans We Know Won't Survive Climate Change|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/09/ipcc-sea-level-rise-report/598765/|accessdate=29 September 2019|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2021, ndị nyocha si [[Denmark]] na Norway tụrụ aro na amụma gara aga maka oke oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ site na 2100 nke IPCC kwuru nwere ike bụrụ ihe nchekwa, na ọkwa oke osimiri ga-ebili karịa ka a tụrụ anya na mbụ. <ref name=":17"/> Dịka akụkọ nyocha nke isii IPCC si dị na nhụta ikuku dị obere, ka ọ na-erule 2100 ọkwa oke osimiri ga-ebili site na 28–55 centimita, n'ọnọdụ etiti site na 44–76 centimita yana n'ọnọdụ ikuku dị elu site na 63–101 centimeters. Agaghị ewepụ ịrị elu ihe dịka mita abụọ n'ọnọdụ dị oke elu. === Ogologo oke osimiri dị ogologo oge ===   [[Usòrò:6m_Sea_Level_Rise.jpg|thumb| Map nke Ụwa nwere ogologo oge6 mita (20 ft) ịrị elu oke osimiri na-anọchi anya na-acha uhie uhie (nkesa uwe, ezigbo oke oke osimiri ga-adịgasị iche na mpaghara na usoro mmegharị mpaghara ga-enwekwa mmetụta na ọkwa oke osimiri).]] Enwere nkwenye zuru oke n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ihu igwe na ịrị elu oke osimiri na-adaba nke ọma n'azụ mmụba okpomọkụ nke na-akpalite ya, na nnukwu ịrị elu oke osimiri ogologo oge ga-aga n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ na-abịa ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ ahụ kwụsie ike. <ref name="nrccon">{{Cite book|year=2010|chapter=7 Sea Level Rise and the Coastal Environment|title=Advancing the Science of Climate Change|publisher=The National Academies Press|location=Washington, D.C.|author=National Research Council|chapterurl=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12782&page=245|isbn=978-0-309-14588-6|accessdate=2011-06-17|doi=10.17226/12782}} </ref> Modelsdị nwere ike imepụtaghachi ndekọ paleo nke oke oke osimiri, nke na-enye ntụkwasị obi na ngwa ha maka mgbanwe ogologo oge n'ọdịnihu. <ref name="ipcc13"/> : 1189  Ma akwụkwọ ice nke Greenland na Antarctica nwere ntụzịaka maka ọkwa ikpo ọkụ nke enwere ike iru tupu njedebe nke narị afọ 21st. Ịgafe ebe nrịbama dị otú ahụ ga-apụta na mgbanwe mpempe akwụkwọ akpụrụ akpụ nwere ike ọ gaghị agbanwe: mbelata na okpomọkụ tupu ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ọ gaghị eme ka mpempe akwụkwọ ice guzosie ike ozugbo ebe a gafechara. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|author=Pattyn|first=Frank|title=The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets under 1.5 °C global warming|journal=Nature Climate Change|date=12 November 2018|volume=8|issue=12|pages=1053–1061|doi=10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8|url=https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/278021/3/ReviewOnePointFive_v7.pdf}}</ref> Ịkọwa kpọmkwem mgbanwe okpomọkụ nke ebe a na-agafe ebe a ka na-arụrịta ụka. Maka Greenland, atụmatụ dị n'etiti 1 na 4&nbsp;Celsius C (2 ruo 7&nbsp;°F) n'elu tupu ụlọ ọrụ. <ref name=":15" /> <ref name="ipcc13"/> {{As of|2020}} , ala nke ụkpụrụ ndị a agafeworị. Nyocha 2021 nke sedimenti sub-glacial na ala nke 1.4&nbsp;km Greenland ice isi na-achọpụta na akwụkwọ ice ice gbazere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro n'ime afọ nde gara aga, ya mere na-atụ aro na njedebe ya dị n'okpuru 2.5.&nbsp;°C kacha mma njem nlegharị anya okpomọkụ n'ime oge ahụ. <ref name="LeMonde"/> <ref name="PNAS"/> Agbaze nke mpempe akwụkwọ ice nke Greenland nwere ike itinye mgbakwunye  n'ime ọtụtụ puku afọ. Nnyocha ọmụmụ 2013 mere atụmatụ na ogo ọ bụla nke ịrị elu okpomọkụ na-atụgharị gaa na 2.3 m (7 ft 7 na) ntinye aka na oke oke osimiri n'ime afọ 2,000 na-esote. <ref name="PNAS-2013">{{Cite journal|author=Levermann|first=Anders|title=The multimillennial sea-level commitment of global warming|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2013-08-20_110_34/page/13745|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=20 August 2013|volume=110|issue=34|pages=13745–13750|doi=10.1073/pnas.1219414110|pmid=23858443}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị na-adịbeghị anya, karịsịa n'ime Antarctica, na-egosi na nke a nwere ike ịbụ atụmatụ mgbanwe na ezi ịrị elu oké osimiri ogologo oge nwere ike ịdị elu. <ref name=":16"/> Na-ekpo ọkụ gafere 2&nbsp;Celsius C (3.6&nbsp;°F) ebumnuche nwere ike bute ọnụego ịrị elu oke osimiri nke mfu ice sitere na Antarctica na-achịkwa. Ịga n'ihu na ikuku carbon dioxide sitere na isi mmalite mmanụ ọkụ nwere ike ime ka iri puku mita ịrị elu nke oke osimiri, n'ime puku afọ ndị na-esote, mmanụ ọkụ dị n'ụwa zuru ezu iji mechaa gbazee akwụkwọ ice Antarctic dum, na-akpata ihe dị ka 58 . nke oke oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Winkelmann|first=Ricarda|title=Combustion of available fossil fuel resources sufficient to eliminate the Antarctic Ice Sheet|journal=Science Advances|date=11 September 2015|volume=1|issue=8|pages=e1500589|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1500589|pmid=26601273}}</ref> Mgbe afọ 500 gachara, ọkwa oke osimiri na-ebili site na mgbasawanye ọkụ naanị nwere ike rutela naanị ọkara nke ọkwa ikpeazụ ya, nke ụdị na-atụ aro nwere ike ịdị n'ime oke.  . <ref name="solomon">{{Cite journal|author=Solomon|first=Susan|title=Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2009-02-10_106_6/page/1704|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=10 February 2009|volume=106|issue=6|pages=1704–1709|doi=10.1073/pnas.0812721106|pmid=19179281}}</ref> Dị ka IPCC Sixth Assessment Report si kwuo na afọ 2,000 na-esote oke osimiri ga-ebili site na 2-3 mita ma ọ bụrụ na ịrị elu okpomọkụ ga-arị elu na 1.5 degrees, site na 2-6 mita ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-arị elu na 2 degrees na site 19-22 mita. ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-arị elu na 5 degrees. : SPM-28 Ọ bụrụ na ịrị elu okpomọkụ ga-akwụsị na 2 degrees ma ọ bụ na 5 degrees, oké osimiri ga-anọgide na-ebili ihe dị ka 10,000 afọ. N'okwu nke mbụ ọ ga-eru mita 8-13 n'elu ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ na nke abụọ 28-37 mita. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|date=August 2021|publisher=IPCC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf|accessdate=12 November 2021}}</ref> == Site na mpaghara ==   Ọkwa oke osimiri abụghị otu gburugburu ụwa. Ụfọdụ oke ala na-arị elu ma ọ bụ gbadaa n'ihi nrịanrịa (ala imi ma ọ bụ na-edozi) ma ọ bụ nkwụghachi azụ nke glacial (ala na-ebili n'ihi mfu nke ice mgbe agbazechara), nke mere na ịrị elu oke osimiri nke mpaghara nwere ike ịdị elu. ma ọ bụ dị ala karịa nkezi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Enwere ọbụna mpaghara dị nso na glaciers ugbu a na nke bụbu glaciers na ice ebe ọkwa oke osimiri na-ada. Ọzọkwa, mmetụta ndọda nke ngbanwe oke ice na ụdị dị iche iche nke ikpo ọkụ na-eduga n'iche dị na nkesa mmiri oke osimiri gburugburu ụwa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Katsman|first=Caroline A.|date=2011|title=Exploring high-end scenarios for local sea level rise to develop flood protection strategies for a low-lying delta—the Netherlands as an example|journal=Climatic Change|volume=109|issue=3–4|pages=617–645|doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0037-5|issn=0165-0009}}</ref> <ref name="ipcc13"/> Mmetụta ike ndọda na-abata mgbe nnukwu mpempe akwụkwọ ice gbazere. Site na mfu nke oke, ndọda ndọda na-ebelata ma ọkwa mmiri mpaghara nwere ike ịdaba. N'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ na mpempe akwụkwọ ice, ọkwa mmiri ga-abawanye karịa nkezi. N'ime ọkụ a, agbaze na Greenland nwere akara mkpisiaka dị iche na oke osimiri mpaghara karịa agbaze na Antarctica. <ref name=":13"/> A na-ewu ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọgbakọ ndị mepere emepe, na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo n'osimiri mmiri, ebe oke ala na-enye aka na ịrị elu ọkwa ''oke'' osimiri . Ihe kpatara nke a bụ ma mmịpụta mmiri nke ala na-adịghị adịgide adịgide (n'ebe ụfọdụ kwa site na mmịpụta mmanụ na gas), yana site na levees na usoro nlekọta idei mmiri ndị ọzọ na-egbochi nchịkọta nke sedimenti site na ịkwụ ụgwọ maka nhazi nke ala dị n'elu ala. Ngụkọta nkwado mmadụ kpatara na Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta (Netherland) ka e mere atụmatụ na 3–4 m (10–13 ft), karịa 3 m (10 ft) n'ime obodo mepere emepe nke [[Mississippi]] River Delta ( New Orleans ), na karịa 9 m (30 ft) na Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta . N'aka nke ọzọ, nkwụghachi azụ isostatic nke glacial na-eme ka ọkwa oke osimiri daa gburugburu Hudson Bay na [[Kánada|Canada]] na ugwu Baltic . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cazenave|first=Anny|date=2010|title=Sea-Level Rise and Its Impact on Coastal Zones|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2010-06-18_328_5985/page/1517|journal=Science|volume=328|issue=5985|pages=1517–1520|doi=10.1126/science.1185782|issn=0036-8075|pmid=20558707}}</ref> Atlantic ga-ekpo ọkụ n'ọsọ ọsọ karịa Pacific. Nke a nwere nsonaazụ maka Europe na US East Coast, nke natara ọkwa oke osimiri 3-4 ugboro nkezi ụwa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/02/01/why-the-u-s-east-coast-could-be-a-major-hotspot-for-sea-level-rise/|title=Why the U.S. East Coast could be a major 'hotspot' for rising seas|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Mbelata nke mgbasagharị meridional nke Atlantic (AMOC) ejikọtawokwa na oke oke oke osimiri dị na mpaghara na US Northeast Coast. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://usclivar.org/research-highlights/extreme-sea-level-rise-event-linked-amoc-downturn|title=Extreme sea level rise event linked to AMOC downturn|date=March 25, 2015|publisher=CLIVAR|author=Jianjun Yin}}</ref> == Mmetụta == ịrị elu oke osimiri dị ugbu a na n'ọdịniihu ga-enwe mmetụta dị iche iche, ọkachasị n'usoro oke osimiri . Mmetụta dị otú ahụ gụnyere ụbara mbuze n'ụsọ oké osimiri, oke idei mmiri nke oke mmiri ozuzo, mgbochi nke usoro mmepụta nke mbụ, oke mmiri ozuzo nke ukwuu, mgbanwe n'ịdị mma mmiri na àgwà mmiri dị n'ime ala, ụbara ihe onwunwe na ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ụbara idei mmiri ize ndụ na ọnwụ nke ndụ. mfu nke akụ na ụkpụrụ omenala na-abụghị nke ego, mmetụta na ọrụ ugbo na aquaculture site na ọdịda nke ala na mmiri, na ọnwụ nke njem nlegharị anya, ntụrụndụ, na ọrụ njem. : 356 Ọtụtụ n'ime mmetụta ndị a na-emebi. N'ihi nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche nke gburugburu osimiri; ndịiche mpaghara na mpaghara dị n'ọkwa oke osimiri a tụrụ atụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe; na ndịiche dị na nkwụghachi na ikike ime mgbanwe nke gburugburu ebe obibi, mpaghara, na mba, mmetụta ga-agbanwe nke ukwuu na oge na ohere. Osimiri delta dị n'Africa na Eshia na obere agwaetiti na-enwekarị nsogbu maka ịrị elu oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mimura|first=Nobuo|date=2013|title=Sea-level rise caused by climate change and its implications for society|journal=Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences|volume=89|issue=7|pages=281–301|doi=10.2183/pjab.89.281|issn=0386-2208|pmid=23883609}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na ịrị elu oke osimiri, mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nke nwere ike imetụta mmetụta dị n'ahụ mmadụ. A na-eme ka idei mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dịkwuo ngwa site na igbutu osisi na mgbanwe ma ọ bụ oke ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Mpaghara ndị nwerelarị ngwa ngwa n'oke oke oke osimiri na-agbakwa mbọ maka idei mmiri dị n'ụsọ mmiri na-ekpochapụ ala ma na-agbanwe ọdịdị ala. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wu|first=Tao|date=October 2021|title=Quantifying coastal flood vulnerability for climate adaptation policy using principal component analysis|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X21006713|journal=Ecological Indicators|language=en|volume=129|pages=108006|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108006}}</ref> Ndị mmadụ na mpaghara ndị a na-agbasi mbọ ike n'ihi mmetụta ndị a dị iche iche nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta oke mmiri ozuzo na-emekwa ka iju mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dịkwuo ukwuu. Ịgbasa nsogbu idei mmiri na mpaghara, obodo, ma ọ bụ obodo na-enwe ga-adabere na mbọ nke mba ọ metụtara. Na-enweghị nnukwu mbọ, mpaghara ndị a dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere ike na-emebi emebi ma si otú a na-emetụta oke na mmetụta nke obodo. N'ụwa niile, ọtụtụ iri nde mmadụ ga-ebipụ n'ime iri afọ ikpeazụ nke narị afọ ma ọ bụrụ na e meghị ka ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ belata nke ukwuu. Ọtụtụ ebe ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ, nke na-eme ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na ịrị elu oke osimiri. Oké osimiri na-arị elu na-ebute ma ihe ize ndụ kpọmkwem: ụlọ ndị na-enweghị nchebe nwere ike iju mmiri, na egwu na-apụtaghị ìhè nke oké ifufe dị elu, mbufịt mbufịt na mmiri eze . Eshia nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu n'ihe ize ndụ site na ọkwa oke osimiri yana mba ndị dị ka Bangladesh, [[China]], [[Ndia|India]], Indonesia na Vietnam nwere ebe ndị mmadụ bi na ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=McLeman|first=Robert|date=2018|title=Migration and displacement risks due to mean sea-level rise|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=74|issue=3|pages=148–154|doi=10.1080/00963402.2018.1461951|issn=0096-3402}}</ref> Mmetụta nke nchụpụ na-adabere nnọọ n'otú gọọmentị ga-esi eme nke ọma n'imejuputa ihe nchebe megide oke osimiri na-ebili, na-enwe nchegbu maka mba ndị kasị daa ogbenye dị ka mba ndị dị n'okpuru Sahara na mba ndị dị n'àgwàetiti. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nicholls|first=Robert J.|date=2011|title=Sea-level rise and its possible impacts given a 'beyond 4°C world' in the twenty-first century|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences|volume=369|issue=1934|pages=161–181|doi=10.1098/rsta.2010.0291|issn=1364-503X|pmid=21115518}}</ref> Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2019 chọpụtara na ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ metụtara site na oke oke osimiri n'ime narị afọ nke 21 ji okpukpu atọ karịa nke e chere na mbụ. N'afọ 2050, nde 150 ga-anọ n'okpuru mmiri n'oge oke mmiri na nde 300 ga-ebi na mpaghara nwere idei mmiri kwa afọ. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2100, ọnụọgụ ndị ahụ na-adịgasị iche dabere n'ọnọdụ dị n'ikuku ikuku. N'ọnọdụ dị ala, nde 140 ga-anọ n'okpuru mmiri n'oge oke oke mmiri na nde 280 ga-enwe idei mmiri kwa afọ. N'ọnọdụ dị elu, ọnụọgụ ahụ ruru nde 540 na nde 640 n'otu n'otu. Pasent iri asaa n'ime ha si na mba asatọ dị n'Eshia: China, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, Philippines . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kulp|first=Scott A.|title=New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding|journal=Nature Communications|date=29 October 2019|volume=10|issue=1|pages=4844|doi=10.1038/s41467-019-12808-z|pmid=31664024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/sea-level-rise-predictions-2641159739.html|title=300 Million People Worldwide Could Suffer Yearly Flooding by 2050|author=Rosane|first=Olivia|date=October 30, 2019|accessdate=31 October 2019}}</ref> Ntụleghachi nke 2020 nke akwụkwọ 33 chọpụtara na "ọtụtụ atụmatụ zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ n'usoro nke iri iri ma ọ bụ narị nde mmadụ ekpughere na oke mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri dị n'ụsọ mmiri maka oge dị iche iche na ọnọdụ dị iche iche" n'ihi ịrị elu oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=McMichael|first=Celia|date=2020-11-27|title=A review of estimating population exposure to sea-level rise and the relevance for migration|journal=Environmental Research Letters|volume=15|issue=12|pages=123005|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/abb398|pmid=34149864|issn=1748-9326}}</ref> === Mpaghara dị n'akụkụ osimiri === [[Usòrò:October_17_2016_sunny_day_tidal_flooding_at_Brickell_Bay_Drive_and_12_Street_downtown_Miami,_4.34_MLLW_high_tide_am.jpg|thumb| Oke idei mmiri na Miami n'oge oke mmiri eze (October 17, 2016). Ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri tidal na-abawanye na oke oke osimiri.]] N'ihi ọtụtụ ihe, ọkwa oke osimiri na-arị elu n'ike n'ike, nke na-etinye nnukwu ihe egwu na gburugburu mmadụ, ma ugbu a ma n'ọdịnihu. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a bụ usoro dị nwayọọ ma na-aga n'ihu, mmetụta ya na-adịte aka n'ụwa, karịsịa na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-etinye ihe egwu dị egwu. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ mpaghara dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri enweelarị ike ịnagide mmetụta ndị a kwakọbara n'ime ogologo oge mgbanwe. Ebe ndị a na-enwe mmetụta maka ịrị elu oke osimiri, mgbanwe n'ogo na ike nke oke mmiri ozuzo, oke mmiri ozuzo, na oke okpomọkụ nke oke osimiri. Pasent iri nke ndị bi n'ụwa bi na mpaghara oke osimiri na-erughị 10 metres (33 ft) n'elu oke osimiri. Ọzọkwa, ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke obodo ndị dị n'ụwa nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise dị n'ebe ndị a dị ala dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=McGranahan|first=Gordon|title=The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones|journal=Environment and Urbanization|date=29 June 2016|volume=19|issue=1|pages=17–37|doi=10.1177/0956247807076960}}</ref> Na mkpokọta, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 600 bi kpọmkwem n'ụsọ oké osimiri gburugburu ụwa. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sengupta|first=Somini|title=A Crisis Right Now: San Francisco and Manila Face Rising Seas|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/13/climate/manila-san-francisco-sea-level-rise.html|accessdate=4 March 2020|work=The New York Times|date=13 February 2020}}</ref> N'iji nyocha laser dịpụrụ adịpụ nke a na-akpọ LiDAR iji tụọ elu elu n'elu ụwa, ndị nchọpụta chọpụtara na n'afọ 2021 nde mmadụ 267 n'ụwa nile bi n'elu ala na-erughị mita 2 n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri yana na nrịgo elu nke mita 1 n'oké osimiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ efu efu. ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere ike ịbawanye ruo nde mmadụ 410. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Storer|first=Rhi|date=2021-06-29|title=Up to 410 million people at risk from sea level rises – study|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/29/risk-from-sea-level-rises-unless-emissions-reduced|accessdate=2021-07-01|work=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hooijer|first=A.|date=2021-06-29|title=Global LiDAR land elevation data reveal greatest sea-level rise vulnerability in the tropics|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=3592|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-23810-9|pmid=34188026|issn=2041-1723}}</ref> Uru ndị bi n'akụkụ osimiri nwere bụ na ha ga-eji teknụzụ nwee akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke obodo ma ọ bụ mpaghara ha nwere ike ịkwaga ma ọ bụ kwaga na ya.&nbsp;Ọzọkwa, echiche dị na mba ndị a bụ na ha nwere ike nweta enyemaka site n'aka gọọmentị ma ọ bụ ọha na eze.&nbsp;Ihe ịma aka ndị mmadụ nọ ná mba ndị dị ala bụ na ha aghaghị iwepụ ndụ ha na omenala ha nile iji kwaga n'ebe ndị dị nchebe karị.&nbsp;Ndị mmadụ na-esi n'ụsọ oké osimiri ga-enwekwa mmetụta na-efunahụ ihe ha ji ebi ndụ ma nwee ike bụrụ nnukwu nsogbu na mpaghara ma ọ bụ obodo ndị ha bịara ibi. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dasgupta|first=Susmita|date=February 2022|title=Coastal dilemma: Climate change, public assistance and population displacement|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X21003223|journal=World Development|language=en|volume=150|pages=105707|doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105707|issn=0305-750X}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ma gọọmenti mbụ ha ma ọ bụ mba ndị na-anata ihe nwere ike ghara inwe ma ọ bụ gbochie ihe onwunwe iji nyere ndị a na-akwaga n'ihu igwe aka, nke na-eme ka ọkwa ịda ogbenye ha dịkwuo elu. ==== Mmetụta dị ugbu a ==== Ejikọtakwa oke osimiri na-arị elu na nnukwu ihe egwu sitere na mbufịt mbufịt, nwere ike imetụta obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị na Pacific na Atlantic Ocean . <ref name=":11"/> Otu n'ime ebe dị ize ndụ bụ Venice nke nwere nnukwu idei mmiri . Obodo a dị n'àgwàetiti ndị dị na delta nke osimiri Po na Piave . Oke oke osimiri na-ebute mmụba nke ugboro na oke idei mmiri n'obodo ahụ nke mefuola ihe karịrị ijeri $6 na usoro mgbochi ide mmiri. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Calma|first=Justine|title=Venice's historic flooding blamed on human failure and climate change|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/14/20963878/venice-high-tide-climate-change-flood-barrier-sea-levels|accessdate=17 November 2019|date=November 14, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Shepherd|first=Marshall|title=Venice Flooding Reveals A Real Hoax About Climate Change - Framing It As "Either/Or"|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2019/11/16/venice-flooding-reveals-a-real-hoax-about-climate-changeframing-it-as-eitheror/|accessdate=17 November 2019|date=16 November 2019}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, [[Flórídạ|Florida]], nke dị oke ngwa ngwa maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, na-enwe oke mbibi idei mmiri yana idei mmiri eze . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-10|title=Florida Coastal Flooding Maps: Residents Deny Predicted Risks to Their Property|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/florida-coastal-flooding-maps-2645087745.html|accessdate=2021-01-31|work=EcoWatch|language=en}}</ref> Oke oke osimiri na-emetụtakwa mmepụta nri n'akụkụ oke osimiri. N'ihi idei mmiri na ntinye mmiri nnu n'ime ala, salinity nke ala ubi dị nso na oké osimiri na-abawanye, na-ebute nsogbu maka ihe ọkụkụ na-adịghị eguzogide nnu. Ọzọkwa, ntinye nnu n'ime mmiri mmiri mmiri ọhụrụ na-ebute nsogbu nke abụọ maka ihe ọkụkụ a na-agba mmiri. Ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ọkụkụ na-eguzogide nnu emepụtara ọhụrụ dị ọnụ ahịa ugbu a karịa ihe ọkụkụ ndị a ga-edochi anya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nibio.no/nyheter/food-security-threatened-by-sea-level-rise|title=Food security threatened by sea-level rise|author=Nagothu|first=Udaya Sekhar|date=2017-01-18|publisher=Nibio|accessdate=2018-10-21}}</ref> Iju mmiri nnu na-emetụta ala ubi dị na Delta Nile, <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/29/alexandria-little-venice-egypt-climate-change-frontline|title=Houses claimed by the canal: life on Egypt's climate change frontline|author=Michaelson|first=Ruth|date=25 August 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> na enwekwara nnu karịa na ala na mmiri ogbugba mmiri na Red River Delta na Mekong Delta na Vietnam. <ref name=":5" /> A na-emetụta Bangladesh na China n'otu aka ahụ, karịsịa osikapa ha na-emepụta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/pub/EIre0047_en.asp|title=Potential Impacts of Sea-Level Rise on Populations and Agriculture|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=2018-10-21|archivedate=2020-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418035608/http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/pub/eire0047_en.asp}}</ref> ==== Mmetụta n'ọdịnihu ==== [[Usòrò:Major_cities_threatened_by_sea_level_rise.png|thumb| Isi obodo egwu n'ihi oke oke osimiri. Obodo ndị egosipụtara nọ n'ihe egwu nke ọbụna obere ịrị elu oke osimiri (nke 1.6 ụkwụ / 49 cm) ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkwa dị na 2010. Ọbụlagodi amụma ndị na-agafeghị oke na-egosi na ịrị elu dị otú ahụ ga-abụ n'afọ 2060. <ref>[[:File:Projections of global mean sea level rise by Parris et al. (2012).png]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skepticalscience.com/sea-level-rise-predictions.htm|title=How much will sea levels rise in the 21st Century?|work=Skeptical Science}}</ref>]] Ọdịnihu nke oke osimiri n'ọdịniihu nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu maka obodo ndị dabere n'ikpere mmiri na narị afọ ndị na-esote: dịka ọmụmaatụ, a ga-emetụta ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na obodo ndị dị ka Miami, [[Rio de Janeiro]], Osaka na Shanghai ma ọ bụrụ na-agbaso usoro nke ugbu a nke 3.&nbsp;Celsius C (5.4&nbsp;°F). <ref name=":12"/> Obodo Alexandria nke Ijipt chere ọnọdụ yiri ya ihu, ebe ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ bi na mpaghara ndị dị ala nwere ike ibugarịrị n'ime afọ iri na-abịanụ. <ref name=":4"/> Otú ọ dị, ntakịrị mmụba n'ókè oké osimiri nwere ike ịkwụsị mgbe obodo dị iche iche na-eme mgbanwe site n'ịrụ mgbidi oké osimiri ma ọ bụ site n'ịkwagharị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2013/10/ipccs-new-estimates-for-increased-sea-level-rise/|title=IPCC's New Estimates for Increased Sea-Level Rise|year=2013|publisher=Yale}}</ref> Ndị na-abụghị ndị na-eche echiche nke ọma ''Resources for the Future na'' -akọwa Miami dị ka "isi obodo dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke kachasị emerụ ahụ" na mmebi metụtara oke idei mmiri na oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Cusick|first=Daniel|date=4 November 2020|title=Miami Is the "Most Vulnerable" Coastal City Worldwide|work=[[Scientific American]]|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/}}</ref> Oké ifufe ga-abụ otu n'ime ọdachi ndị dị mkpa nke oke oke osimiri na-ebute n'ọdịniihu nke nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu ọnwụ nke ndụ na ihe onwunwe na mpaghara ụwa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. A na-emetụta oke mmiri ozuzo n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya site na mmụba nke oke osimiri, bụ nke mụbara ugboro ugboro na ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu n'ime mpaghara ndị kacha emetụta bụ [[New York City]], ebe nyocha ọmụmụ na-egosi na mmetụta nke oke oke osimiri na mpaghara New York ga-ebelata site na idei mmiri 100 afọ ruo 19-68 afọ site na 2050 na 40-60. afọ 2080. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gornitz|first=Vivien|date=2002|title=Impact of Sea Level Rise in the New York City Metropolitan Area|url=https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/bird2012/files/2012/07/Impacts-of-SLR-in-the-NYC-Metropolitan-Area.-pdf.pdf|accessdate=2020-08-09|work=Global and Planetary Change|archivedate=2019-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926115312/https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/bird2012/files/2012/07/Impacts-of-SLR-in-the-NYC-Metropolitan-Area.-pdf.pdf}}</ref> === Mba agwaetiti === Atolls, àgwàetiti ndị dị ala na ebe ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị n'àgwàetiti dị nnọọ mfe maka oke oke osimiri. Mmetụta nwere ike ime gụnyere mbuze nke oke osimiri, idei mmiri na ntinye nnu n'ime ala na mmiri dị ọcha. Ọ dịghị nke dị mfe karịa mba ndị nwere obere agwaetiti, ọkachasị ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na atolls.&nbsp;Atolls na nkezi na-eru ụkwụ atọ ma ọ bụ isii karịa ọkwa oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Many Low-Lying Atoll Islands Will Be Uninhabitable by Mid-21st Century {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey|url=https://www.usgs.gov/news/national-news-release/many-low-lying-atoll-islands-will-be-uninhabitable-mid-21st-century|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=www.usgs.gov}}</ref> Ụdị àgwàetiti a bụ ọkwa ikpeazụ n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke geologic nke agwaetiti sitere na mgbawa ugwu (agwaetiti niile nke mgbawa ugwu na-aghọkarị atoll, n'ikpeazụ).&nbsp;N'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eme ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mmiri dị elu na-arị elu, usoro nhazi nke atoll agbasala ngwa ngwa.&nbsp;Ebe ọ bụ na atolls bụ àgwàetiti ndị dị ala, mmiri na-ebili ma ọ bụ oké ifufe na-ekpuchi ha na mmiri na-adị mfe.&nbsp;Atolls dị oké mkpa n'ihi na ha bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ omenala na mba ndị nwere ikike. Dị ka mmiri oké osimiri na-ekpuchi n'ike n'ike, mmiri nnu nwere ike ịbata n'ime mmiri ọñụñụ wee mebie gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị mmadụ na-eji na-adị ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zhu|first=Bozhong|date=2021-09-18|title=Long-Term Changes in the Land–Ocean Ecological Environment in Small Island Countries in the South Pacific: A Fiji Vision|journal=Remote Sensing|language=en|volume=13|issue=18|pages=3740|doi=10.3390/rs13183740|issn=2072-4292}}</ref> Oke oke osimiri nwere ike imebi njem nlegharị anya na akụ na ụba obodo; ịrị elu oke osimiri nke 1.0 m (3 ft 3 na) ga-eme ka mgbụsị akwụkwọ 29% zuru oke ma ọ bụ zuru oke nke ogige ntụrụndụ dị na Caribbean . 49 &#x2013; 60% nke ebe ntụrụndụ dị n'ụsọ osimiri ga-anọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na mbuze nke dị n'ụsọ osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thomas|first=Adelle|date=2020-10-17|title=Climate Change and Small Island Developing States|journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources|language=en|volume=45|issue=1|pages=1–27|doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083355|issn=1543-5938}}</ref> Ọ na-esiri ike ịchọpụta oke mbuze na idei mmiri gara aga kpatara mgbanwe ọkwa oke osimiri, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe omume gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ dị ka ajọ ifufe. Ime mgbanwe na ịrị elu oke osimiri na-efu ọnụ maka mba ndị dị nta n'agwaetiti dị ka akụkụ buru ibu nke ndị bi na ha bi na mpaghara ndị nwere nsogbu. <ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap29_FINAL.pdf|title=AR5 WGII|author=Nurse|first=Leonard A.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|editor=Barros|chapter=29: Small Islands|accessdate=2018-09-02}}</ref> Ọtụtụ nde mmadụ nọ na mba ndị a ma ọ bụ mba ndị nwere ọtụtụ agwaetiti nwere nnukwu nsogbu n'oke oke osimiri na-arị elu.&nbsp;Ụfọdụ mba na mpaghara ga-emikpu, nke ga-eme ka ndị mmadụ bi n'ebe ahụ mgba mgba, ime mgbanwe, ma ọ bụ ịkwaga ebe ọzọ.&nbsp;Mba ndị mepere emepe nwere ike ịhụ nnukwu ebili mmiri nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-abịarute n'ihi mfu nke ụlọ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ma si otú ahụ nwee nsogbu nchekwa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nations|first=United|title=Small Islands, Rising Seas|url=https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/small-islands-rising-seas|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=United Nations|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ndị bi n’àgwàetiti ndị dị n’ụwa nile bụ ndị na-eme mgbanwe nke ukwuu, ha adaberewokwa nnọọ n’ihe onwunwe ha na-enweta n’àgwàetiti ha.&nbsp;Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịdị ka oke osimiri bara ụba ma nwee ike inye ihe niile, ha na-abụkarịkwa ebe siri ike nke ga-eme nke ọma.&nbsp;Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị bụ ka oke oke osimiri ga-esi metụta ụmụaka nọ n'obodo ndị a.&nbsp;Ịbụ nwata na-enweghị nkwụsi ike n'ụlọ na obodo ha nwere ike ịmepụta nsogbu dị iche iche na mmepe ha.&nbsp;Ugbua, ụmụaka nọ na steeti ndị dị n'agwaetiti dị iche iche na-enwe nsogbu ịnweta nri na mmiri, nchụpụ, na nsogbu uche na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-akpata site na nrụgide ndị a. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sly|first=Peter D|date=November 2021|title=Climate impacts on air quality and child health and wellbeing: Implications for Oceania|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpc.15650|journal=Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health|language=en|volume=57|issue=11|pages=1805–1810|doi=10.1111/jpc.15650|pmid=34792251|issn=1034-4810}}</ref> Maldives, Tuvalu, na mba ndị ọzọ dị ala bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị nọ n'ọkwa kachasị elu. N'ọnụego dị ugbu a, ọkwa oke osimiri ga-adị elu nke ga-eme ka Maldives ghara ibi na 2100. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Megan Angelo|title=Honey, I Sunk the Maldives: Environmental changes could wipe out some of the world's most well-known travel destinations|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-interests-27384279;_ylc=X3oDMTFxcWIyczFpBF9TAzI3MTYxNDkEX3MDMjcxOTQ4MQRzZWMDZnAtdG9kYXltb2QEc2xrA21hbGRpdmVzLTQtMjgtMDk-|date=1 May 2009|accessdate=29 September 2009|archivedate=17 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717041919/http://travel.yahoo.com/p-interests-27384279}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kristina Stefanova|title=Climate refugees in Pacific flee rising sea|work=[[The Washington Times]]|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/apr/19/rising-sea-levels-in-pacific-create-wave-of-migran/|date=19 April 2009}}</ref> Ihe omume geomorphological dị ka oké ifufe na-enwekarị mmetụta dị ukwuu n'àgwàetiti mmiri karịa oke oke osimiri, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'otu n'ime Marshall Islands . Mmetụta ndị a na-agụnye mbuze ozugbo na usoro mmụgharị na-esote nke nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'ogologo site na iri afọ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ọbụna na-ebute mpaghara ala karịa ụkpụrụ tupu oké ifufe. Site na ịrị elu a na-atụ anya na ọ na-abawanye na oke oke mmiri ozuzo, ha nwere ike ịba uru karịa n'ịchọpụta ọdịdị na nha agwaetiti karịa ịrị elu oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ford|first=Murray R.|title=Spatiotemporal variability of typhoon impacts and relaxation intervals on Jaluit Atoll, Marshall Islands|journal=Geology|volume=44|issue=2|pages=159–162|doi=10.1130/g37402.1|year=2016}}</ref> Ngoli elu oke osimiri na-emetụta mba agwaetiti Fiji. <ref>[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/710005 "Vanua in the Anthropocene: Relationality and Sea Level Rise in Fiji"] by [[Maebh Long]], Symploke (2018), 26(1-2), 51-70.</ref> Ise n'ime Solomon Islands apụọla n'anya n'ihi ngwakọta nke ịrị elu oke oke osimiri na ifufe azụmahịa siri ike nke na-ebugharị mmiri na Western Pacific . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2087356-five-pacific-islands-vanish-from-sight-as-sea-levels-rise/|title=Five Pacific islands vanish from sight as sea levels rise|author=Klein|first=Alice|work=New Scientist|accessdate=2016-05-09}}</ref> N'ihe banyere àgwàetiti niile nke mba agwaetiti na-aghọ nke a na-agaghị ebi ebi ma ọ bụ bụrụ nke oké osimiri na-emikpu kpamkpam, steeti ndị ahụ n'onwe ha ga-agbazekwa. Ozugbo nke a mere, a ga-ewepụ ikike niile dị na mpaghara (oké osimiri). Mpaghara a nwere ike ịdị mkpa dịka ikike gbatịpụrụ na radius nke 415 kilometres (224 nautical miles) gburugburu steeti agwaetiti ahụ dum. Akụ ọ bụla, dị ka mmanụ fosil, mineral na ọla, dị n'ime mpaghara a nwere ike gwupụta onye ọ bụla wee ree ya n'enweghị mkpa ịkwụ ụgwọ ọrụ ọ bụla na steeti agwaetiti (nke gbazere ugbu a). === Usoro gburugburu === [[Usòrò:Bramble-cay-melomys.jpg|thumb| Bramble Cay melomys ''Melomys rubicola'' . Na 2016 kwupụtara na ọ ga-apụ n'anya na Bramble Cay, ebe ọ nọworo na-efe efe, ma eleghị anya ọ ga-apụkwa n'ụwa nile, na ọnwụ ebe obibi n'ihi oke oke osimiri bụ ihe kpatara ya.]] Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-eche mgbanwe dị egwu ihu n'ihi ịrị elu oke osimiri. Ọtụtụ sistemụ nwere ike ịla n'iyi mgbe ọkwa oke osimiri na-ebili nke ukwuu ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa. Ụfọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ibubata ala n'ime ya na akara mmiri dị elu, mana ọtụtụ na-egbochi ịkwaga n'ihi ihe mgbochi eke ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi. Mbelata nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ 'mkpụrụ mmiri dị n'ụsọ osimiri' mgbe a na-atụle ihe mgbochi mmadụ mere, nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nke ebe obibi dị ka ala apịtị na ala mmiri . <ref name=":7"/> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Pontee|first=Nigel|title=Defining coastal squeeze: A discussion|journal=Ocean & Coastal Management|date=November 2013|volume=84|pages=204–207|doi=10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.07.010}}</ref> Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke mangrove bụ otu n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi nke ịrị elu oke osimiri na-emetụta. Ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi mejupụtara osisi mangrove na-eto na na gburugburu apịtị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ebe okpomọkụ. Uru gburugburu ebe obibi ya dị elu n'ihi na ọ bụ ebe obibi dị mma maka ọtụtụ ụdị. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mangroves na-akwaga n'ime ala, ma ihe ịga nke ọma ha na-adabere na ozi gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche dị ka ọdịdị ọdịdị ala na ọdịdị ala. Ka ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, ka ha na-eto eto. Mkpọrọgwụ iku ume ma ọ bụ pneumatophores nke mangrove nwere ike itolite ruo ọkara mita n'ịdị elu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrc.govt.nz/for-schools/school-information-packs/mangroves/|title=Mangroves - Northland Regional Council|work=www.nrc.govt.nz|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2023-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602174756/https://www.nrc.govt.nz/for-schools/school-information-packs/mangroves}}</ref> <ref name="High mangrove density enhances surf">{{Cite journal|author=Kumara|first=M. P.|title=High mangrove density enhances surface accretion, surface elevation change, and tree survival in coastal areas susceptible to sea-level rise|journal=Oecologia|pages=545–553|date=2010|volume=164|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s00442-010-1705-2|pmid=20593198}}</ref> Osisi Mangrove na mmiri mmiri na-adaba n'ogo oke osimiri na-arị elu site n'ịrụ ụlọ kwụ ọtọ site n'iji sedimenti na ihe ndị na -emepụta ihe na-emekọ ihe . Ọ bụrụ na ịrị elu oke osimiri dị oke ngwa ngwa, ha agaghị enwe ike ịkwado ya kama a ga-emikpu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Krauss|first=Ken W.|title=How mangrove forests adjust to rising sea level|journal=New Phytologist|date=April 2014|volume=202|issue=1|pages=19–34|doi=10.1111/nph.12605|pmid=24251960|url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/986}}</ref> Kpọmkwem, ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntinye ego nke mangrove adịghị agbaso nrịgo elu nke oke osimiri, isi ihe na-eme ka ikpochapụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke mangrove bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịkwaga n'ime obodo na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oke osimiri. Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa oke osimiri na-ebili ngwa ngwa karịa ka mangroves nwere ike ịkwaga n'ala, nke a nwere ike iduga na-efunahụ ihe ndị dị ndụ. <ref name="A Conceptual Model for the Response">{{Cite journal|author=Soares|first=M.L.G.|date=2009|title=A Conceptual Model for the Responses of Mangrove Forests to Sea Level Rise|journal=Journal of Coastal Research|pages=267–271}}</ref> Ikike nke mangroves ịlanarị ihe omume ịrị elu nke oke osimiri dabere na ikike ha nwere ịkwaga n'ime ime obodo. <ref name="High mangrove density enhances surf" /> Dị ka ihe gburugburu ebe obibi abụọ ahụ na-echebe megide oke ifufe, ebili mmiri na mbufịt, ịla n'iyi na-eme ka mmetụta nke oke osimiri na-abawanye njọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Crosby|first=Sarah C.|title=Salt marsh persistence is threatened by predicted sea-level rise|journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science|date=November 2016|volume=181|pages=93–99|doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nature.org/media/oceansandcoasts/mangroves-for-coastal-defence.pdf|title=Mangroves for coastal defence. Guidelines for coastal managers & policy makers|author=Spalding, M.|date=2014|publisher=[[Wetlands International]] and [[The Nature Conservancy]]}}</ref> Ihe omume mmadụ, dị ka iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri, nwere ike igbochi sedimenti na ala mmiri, wee si otú a gbochie usoro mmegharị nke okike. Ọnwụ nke ụfọdụ mmiri iyi mmiri bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere n'ihi ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weston|first=Nathaniel B.|title=Declining Sediments and Rising Seas: an Unfortunate Convergence for Tidal Wetlands|journal=Estuaries and Coasts|date=16 July 2013|volume=37|issue=1|pages=1–23|doi=10.1007/s12237-013-9654-8}}</ref> Mgbe mmiri osimiri rutere n'ime ime obodo, nsogbu ndị metụtara ala ndị mmetọ nwere ike ime. Ọzọkwa, azụ, nnụnụ, na osisi ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere ike tufuo akụkụ nke ebe obibi ha. <ref name=":18"/> Coral, nke dị mkpa maka ndụ nnụnụ na azụ, kwesịrị itolite na kwụ ọtọ ka ọ nọrọ nso n'elu oke osimiri iji nweta ume zuru oke site na ìhè anyanwụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a enweela ike ịkwalite uto kwụ ọtọ na oke osimiri na-arị elu, mana nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike ime ya n'ọdịnihu. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability.|author=Wong|first=Poh Poh|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|location=New York|chapter=Coastal Systems and Low-Lying Areas|chapterurl=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap5_FINAL.pdf|accessdate=2018-10-07}}</ref> Na 2016, a kọrọ na Bramble Cay melomys, nke bi na Great Barrier Reef Island, nwere ike bụrụ na ọ ga-ala n'iyi n'ihi oke mmiri n'ihi oke oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2016/06/extinct-bramble-cay-melomys|title=Extinct: Bramble Cay melomys|author=Smith|first=Lauren|date=2016-06-15|work=Australian Geographic|accessdate=2016-06-17}}</ref> Gọọmenti etiti mba Ọstrelia kwadoro akụkọ a mgbe o kwuputara na Bramble Cay melomys ga-apụ n'anya ka ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, na-eme ka ụdị a bụrụ anụmanụ mbụ ama ama na-apụ n'anya n'ihi oke oke osimiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/our-little-brown-rat-first-climate-change-caused-mammal-extinction-20190219-p50yry.html|title='Our little brown rat': first climate change-caused mammal extinction|author=Hannam|first=Peter|date=2019-02-19|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-25}}</ref> == Ntughari ==   Enwere ike kewaa nhọrọ mmegharị maka ịrị elu oke osimiri ka ọ bụrụ ebe ''mgbagha, ịnabata'' na ''nchekwa'' . Ịlaghachi azụ bụ ịkwaga ndị mmadụ na akụrụngwa gaa n'ebe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na igbochi mmepe ọzọ na mpaghara ndị dị ize ndụ. Ụdị mmegharị ahụ nwere ike ịkpaghasị, n'ihi na nchụpụ nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịkpata esemokwu. Nhọrọ ebe obibi bụ nha na-eme ka ọha mmadụ na-enwekwu mgbanwe na ịrị elu oke osimiri. Ọmụmaatụ bụ [[Oru ugbo|ịkọ]] ihe ọkụkụ nke na-anabata nnukwu nnu n'ime ala na ime ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọhụrụ nke chọrọ ka ewuru ụlọ elu ma nwee obere mmebi ma ọ bụrụ na idei mmiri emee. N'ikpeazụ, enwere ike ichebe mpaghara site na ịrụ mmiri mmiri, mmiri mmiri na site n'ịkwalite ihe nchebe sitere n'okike. <ref name=":6"/> <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Fletcher|first=Cameron|title=Costs and coasts: an empirical assessment of physical and institutional climate adaptation pathways|journal=Apo|date=2013|url=https://apo.org.au/node/34006}}</ref> N'ụzọ zuru ezu, e kewara nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a ụzọ abụọ: otu bụ mmetọ mmiri, nke ọzọ bụ oké ifufe na idei mmiri. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=2 May 2016|title=Climate Adaptation and Sea Level Rise|url=https://www.epa.gov/arc-x/climate-adaptation-and-sea-level-rise|work=US EPA, Climate Change Adaptation Resource Center (ARC-X)|language=en}}</ref> E wezụga nke ahụ, oke mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri nwere ike ịdị ngwa ngwa ma na-agbawa obodo ukwu, na mpaghara ụfọdụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri amalitela itinye ego na valvụ mmiri mmiri ozuzo iji nagide idei mmiri ugboro ugboro na nke siri ike n'oge oke mmiri. <ref name=":9" /> Enwere ike kewaa nhọrọ mmegharị ndị a n'ime ''siri ike'' na ''nro'' . Mgbanwe siri ike na-adabere na akụrụngwa mmadụ wuru nnukwu ego yana gụnyere nnukwu mgbanwe n'obodo mmadụ na sistemu gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihi nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ya, ọ naghị agbanwekarị. Ntugharị dị nro na-agụnye iwusi ihe nchebe sitere n'okike na atụmatụ mgbanwe n'ime obodo yana iji teknụzụ dị mfe na nke modular, nke nwere ike ịbụ nke mpaghara. Ụdị ngbanwe abụọ a nwere ike ịbụ nkwado ma ọ bụ nke na-ekewapụ onwe ya. <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sovacool|first=Benjamin K.|date=2011|title=Hard and soft paths for climate change adaptation|url=http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/sovacool-cp-hardsoft.pdf|journal=Climate Policy|volume=11|issue=4|pages=1177–1183|doi=10.1080/14693062.2011.579315|archive-date=2020-07-10|access-date=2022-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710010054/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/sovacool-cp-hardsoft.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Azụmahịa oke osimiri bụ ụdị akụ na ụba na ezi azụmaahịa kachasị n'ụwa niile.&nbsp;Mgbe a na-ekwu maka oke oke osimiri na-arị elu, enwere ike inwe nnukwu nsogbu maka ịzụ ahịa nke oké osimiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị a na-eji.&nbsp;Ihe dịkwa mkpa maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị a bụ na anyị amabeghị ka oke oke osimiri ga-esi na-aga n'ihu na-emetụta ha ka oge na-aga. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Xia|first=Wenyi|date=October 2021|title=Port adaptation to climate change and capacity investments under uncertainty|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191261521001600|journal=Transportation Research Part B: Methodological|language=en|volume=152|pages=180–204|doi=10.1016/j.trb.2021.08.009}}</ref>&nbsp;Ihe dị iche iche na-etinye aka na ntinye ego nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka nke a. Ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ezo aka n'ọkwa mmiri na-arị elu bụ ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị mkpa ga-abụ n'ọdịnihu, anyị nwere ike ịgbanwe ma chebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị a na-eji ugbu a, ego ole achọrọ iji chebe ahia n'egbughị oge ma ọ bụ ego. .&nbsp;Ọkwa mmiri na-arị elu maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri bụ ihe na-echegbu, mana ọ na-esiri ike ịkọwa mgbanwe dị mkpa a ga-eme ebe ọ bụ na ọkwa mmiri adịghị ebili n'otu ọnụego ahụ n'ụwa nile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities — Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/chapter-4-sea-level-rise-and-implications-for-low-lying-islands-coasts-and-communities/|accessdate=2021-12-17}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Beach_restoration_device.jpg|thumb| Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-aga n'ihu na Barcelona .]] Ọtụtụ mba na-emepe emepe atụmatụ maka mmegharị. Otu ihe atụ bụ ịgbatị Delta Works na Netherlands, obodo nke na-anọdụ ala n'okpuru oke osimiri ma na-ebelata. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/15/world/europe/climate-change-rotterdam.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/15/world/europe/climate-change-rotterdam.html|title=The Dutch Have Solutions to Rising Seas. The World Is Watching.|author=Kimmelman|first=Michael|date=2017-06-15|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2019-02-02}}</ref> Na 2008, Dutch ''Delta Commission'', nyere ndụmọdụ na akụkọ na Netherlands ga-achọ nnukwu usoro ihe owuwu ụlọ ọhụrụ iji mee ka nchebe mmiri nke mba ahụ sikwuo ike megide oké osimiri na-ebili maka afọ 190 na-esote. Nke a gụnyere iwepụta atụmatụ kacha njọ maka mbupụ. Atụmatụ a tinyekwara ihe karịrị ijeri euro 100 na mmefu ọhụrụ ruo n'afọ 2100 maka ịkpachara anya, dị ka ịgbasa mkpọmkpọ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ime ka oke osimiri na oke osimiri sie ike. Kọmishọna ahụ kwuru na mba ahụ ga-eme atụmatụ maka ịrị elu na oke osimiri North ruo 1.3 m (4 ft 3 na) site na 2100 wee mee atụmatụ maka 2–4 m (7–13 ft) bilie site na 2200. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/03/news/03iht-03dutch.15877468.html|title=Dutch draw up drastic measures to defend coast against rising seas|date=3 September 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Iji lebara ihe iyi egwu ịrị elu oke osimiri anya na Bangladesh, ewepụtala atụmatụ Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 na 2018. <ref name="BanglaDelta">{{Cite web|title=Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 {{!}} Dutch Water Sector|url=https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/bangladesh-delta-plan-2100|accessdate=2020-12-11|work=www.dutchwatersector.com|language=nl}}</ref> <ref name="BDP 2100">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/gwp-sas_images/gwp-sas-in-action/ldai/bdp-2100-ppt.pdf|title=Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2022-10-09|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/gwp-sas_images/gwp-sas-in-action/ldai/bdp-2100-ppt.pdf}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka afọ 2020, a hụrụ ka ọ dara n'ọtụtụ ebumnuche mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/delta-plan-falls-behind-targets-onset-128500|title=Delta Plan falls behind targets at the onset|date=September 5, 2020|work=The Business Standard}}</ref> A na- enyocha ọganihu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edepot.wur.nl/381660|title=Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 Formulation project}}</ref> Obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|US]] na-eduzi nri n'ụsọ osimiri, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe ''mejupụtara osimiri'', ebe a na-ebuba ájá na-egwupụta akụ ma gbakwunye ya, na mgbakwunye na usoro mmegharị ndị ọzọ dị ka zoning, mmachi na ego steeti, na ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ. <ref name="ClimateCentral2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.climatecentral.org/news/its-beach-season-enjoy-it-while-you-can|title=Climate Change, Sea Level Rise Spurring Beach Erosion|year=2012|work=Climate Central}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Carpenter|first=Adam T.|date=2020-05-04|title=Public priorities on locally-driven sea level rise planning on the East Coast of the United States|url=https://peerj.com/articles/9044|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=8|pages=e9044|doi=10.7717/peerj.9044|pmid=32411525|issn=2167-8359}}</ref> Ụfọdụ mba ndị dị n'àgwàetiti, dị ka Republic of Maldives, Kiribati na Tuvalu na-atụle ịkwaga mba ụwa nke ndị bi na ha na nzaghachi maka oke osimiri. Ịkwaga mba dị iche iche abụghị ihe ngwọta dị mfe, n'ihi na ndị na-akwagharị kwesịrị inwe ego na-akwụ ụgwọ na netwọk mmekọrịta na obodo ọhụrụ ha. Ọ nwere ike ịdị mfe ime mgbanwe na mpaghara site n'ịga n'ihu n'ime ala yana ịba ụba sedimenti dị mkpa maka nchebe mbuze eke. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/many-small-island-nations-can-adapt-to-climate-change-with-global-support-86820|title=Many small island nations can adapt to climate change with global support|author=Grecequet|first=Martina|date=2017-11-16|work=The Conversation|accessdate=2019-02-02}}</ref> Na mba Fiji nke dị n'àgwàetiti ahụ, ndị bi na-eweghachite coral reefs na mangrove iji chebe onwe ha pụọ na idei mmiri na mbuze, bụ nke a na-eche na ọ ga-efu ọnụ karịa iwu mgbidi oké osimiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/video/adaptation-sea-level-rise|title=Adaptation to Sea Level Rise|date=2018-01-11|work=UN Environment|accessdate=2019-02-02}}</ref> Ntughari na ịrị elu oke osimiri na-abụkarị ajụjụ maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ, dị ka ibi ndụ ma ọ bụ [[mbibi ebe obibi]] . Na 2019, onye isi ala Indonesia, Joko Widodo, kwupụtara na obodo Jakarta na- adaba n'ókè nke chọrọ ka ọ kwaga isi obodo ahụ gaa n'obodo ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/05/03/seas-rise-indonesia-is-moving-its-capital-city-other-cities-should-take-note/|title=As seas rise, Indonesia is moving its capital city. Other cities should take note.|author=Englander|first=John|date=3 May 2019|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=31 August 2019}}</ref> Nnyocha e mere n'agbata 1982 na 2010 chọpụtara na mpaghara ụfọdụ na Jakarta anọwo na-emikpu ihe ruru 28.&nbsp;cm (nkeji iri na otu) kwa afọ <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Abidin|first=Hasanuddin Z.|title=Land subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its relation with urban development|journal=Natural Hazards|date=11 June 2011|volume=59|issue=3|pages=1753–1771|doi=10.1007/s11069-011-9866-9}}</ref> n'ihi igwu mmiri n'ala na ịdị arọ nke ụlọ ya, nsogbu a na-akawanye njọ ugbu a site n'oke oke osimiri. Otú ọ dị, e nwere nchegbu na iwu ụlọ n'ebe ọhụrụ ga-amụba igbutu osisi n'ebe okpomọkụ . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Englander|first=John|title=As seas rise, Indonesia is moving its capital city. Other cities should take note.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/05/03/seas-rise-indonesia-is-moving-its-capital-city-other-cities-should-take-note/|accessdate=5 May 2019|work=The Washington Post|date=May 3, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Rosane|first=Olivia|title=Indonesia Will Move its Capital from Fast-Sinking Jakarta|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/indonesia-to-move-capital-jakarta-2636197365.html|accessdate=5 May 2019|date=May 3, 2019}}</ref> Obodo ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ imirikiti obodo, dị ka [[Bangkok]] ma ọ bụ Tokyo, na-adịghị ike na ndị a compounding subsidence na oké osimiri ịrị elu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Erkens|first=G.|date=2015-11-12|title=Sinking coastal cities|url=https://piahs.copernicus.org/articles/372/189/2015/|journal=Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences|language=en|volume=372|pages=189–198|doi=10.5194/piahs-372-189-2015|issn=2199-899X}}</ref> == Mbelata == Atụmatụ, teknụzụ na omume iji belata ịrị elu oke osimiri dị. Ndị a bụ ọmụmaatụ mbelata gas griin haus, ịkọ oke ọhịa, ijide carbon teknụzụ na nchekwa ma ọ bụ mwepụ nke enyemaka carbon zoro ezo. Usoro ndị a, ọ bụrụ na etinyere ya n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru ụwa ọnụ, nwere ike ịkwụsị ịrị elu oke osimiri. Atụmatụ Blue-Carbon, ya bụ igbu osisi nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nchekwa carbon ogologo oge na ala, bụ otu ihe atụ. Ụzọ ọrụ ugbo mmiri nke oké osimiri bụ atụmatụ ọzọ na-aga nke ọma. Atụpụtala ọtụtụ ọrụ akụrụngwa dị ka mweghachi nke oke osimiri Salton <ref>Restore the Salton Sea </ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saltonsea.ca.gov/|title=Salton Sea Project|work=saltonsea.ca.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.watereducation.org/western-water/long-troubled-salton-sea-may-finally-be-getting-what-it-most-needs-action-and-money|title=Long Troubled Salton Sea May Finally Be Getting What it Most Needs: Action -- And Money|work=Water Education Foundation}}</ref> nke jikọtara atụmatụ abụọ nke ịkọ mmiri n'oké osimiri na mwegharị osisi na mwepu mmiri nke oke osimiri. Nnukwu Ọzara-Greening na oké osimiri-mmiri na ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ ojiji nke Desalination, ma ọ bụ Seawater Greenhouses bụ ihe atụ. == Hụkwa == * Nkwupụta ihe mberede ihu igwe <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Climate+emergency+declaration&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart|accessdate=2022-03-20|work=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * Injinia ihu igwe <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Climate Engineering? {{!}} Union of Concerned Scientists|url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/what-climate-engineering|accessdate=2022-03-20|work=www.ucsusa.org|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe egwu mmepe nke oke osimiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Coastal+development+hazards&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * Ọdụdọ mmiri n'ụsọ oké osimiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Coastal+sediment+supply&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * Mmefu mkpebi <ref>{{Cite web|title=deficit financing {{!}} economics {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/deficit-financing|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> * Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na oke osimiri <ref>{{Cite web|author=US EPA|first=OAR|date=2016-06-27|title=Climate Change Indicators: Oceans|url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/oceans|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=www.epa.gov|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=How Does Climate Change Affect the Ocean?|url=https://climatekids.nasa.gov/ocean/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=NASA Climate Kids|language=en}}</ref> * Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na mba ndị dị n'àgwàetiti <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-09|title=Climate Change and the Sinking Island States in the Pacific|url=https://www.e-ir.info/2020/01/09/climate-change-and-the-sinking-island-states-in-the-pacific/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=E-International Relations|language=en-US}}</ref> * Hydrosphere <ref>{{Cite web|title=hydrosphere {{!}} National Geographic Society|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/hydrosphere/print/#:~:text=Powered%20by-,A%20hydrosphere%20is%20the%20total%20amount%20of%20water%20on%20a,of%20oceans,%20lakes%20and%20rivers.|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=www.nationalgeographic.org}}</ref> * Agwaetiti mbụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Support Islands First Inc on Mightycause|url=https://www.mightycause.com/organization/Islands-First|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Mightycause|language=en}}</ref> * Ndepụta mba site na nkezi elu <ref>{{Cite web|date=1970-01-01|title=Countries by Average Elevation|url=https://www.atlasbig.com/en-us/countries-average-elevation|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=AtlasBig|language=en}}</ref> * Mmehie mmiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=What does marine transgression mean?|url=https://www.definitions.net/definition/marine+transgression|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=www.definitions.net}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/ NASA Satellite Data 1993-ugbu a] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191208150342/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/12/ Ntụle ihu igwe nke mba nke anọ n'oke osimiri bilitere isi ozi] * [https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/SLCScenariosLL.pdf Ịgbakwunye ọnọdụ mgbanwe ọkwa oke osimiri n'ọkwa mpaghara na-] akọwapụta usoro asatọ otu obodo nwere ike ime iji mepụta ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị saịtị. * [http://www.gloss-sealevel.org/ Sistemụ nleba anya ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ (GLOSS)] * [https://coast.noaa.gov/slr/ Ihe Nlele Ọkwa Oke Osimiri US (NOAA)] eop5zkvq4o4jmjf56bebj1m604vilun 0 12706 728436 719033 2026-09-27T08:29:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tyra Lynne Banks''' (amụrụ Disemba 4, 1973), makwaara dị ka '''BanX''', <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/style/tyra-banks-changes-modeling-name-to-banx/|title=Why Tyra Banks Will Now Go by 'BanX': The Model Explains Her Name Makeover as She Comes Out of Retirement for SI Swim|work=PEOPLE.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-14}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/09/entertainment/tyra-banks-banx/index.html|title=Tyra Banks is now 'BanX'|author=Lisa Respers France|work=CNN|date=May 9, 2019|accessdate=2019-05-14}}</ref> bụ agwa telivishọn America, ihe nlereanya, nwanyị ọchụnta ego, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede. Amụrụ na Inglewood, California, ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka ihe nlereanya mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, ma bụrụ nwanyị mbụ nke Africa-America ka egosipụtara na mkpuchi nke ''GQ'' na ''Egwuregwu Illustrated Swimsuit Issue'', nke ọ pụtara ugboro atọ. Ọ bụ mmụọ ozi nzuzo nke Victoria site na 1997 ruo 2005. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite 2000s, ụlọ akụ bụ otu n'ime ụdị ego kacha akwụ ụgwọ n'ụwa. Ụlọ akụ malitere ime ihe nkiri na telivishọn na sitcom ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'' (1993), wee mee ihe nkiri mbụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Higher Learning'' (1995). Na 2000, o nwere nnukwu ọrụ ihe nkiri, dị ka Eve na Disney Channel 's ''Life-Size'' na Zoe na igbe igbe kụrụ ''Coyote Ugly .'' Ụlọ akụ nwere obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri egwuregwu ''ịhụnanya Love &amp;amp; Basketball'' (2000), ihe nkiri egwu ''Halloween: Mbilite n'ọnwụ'' (2002), na usoro telivishọn ''Gossip Girl'' (2009) na ''Glee'' (2013). <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hilary Duff, Tyra Banks appear in same episode of 'Gossip Girl'|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/hilary-duff-tyra-banks-episode-gossip-girl-article-1.382055|accessdate=20 January 2019|work=New York Daily News|date=2 October 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title='Glee': Tyra Banks Is Fierce And Hyper-Critical As A Modeling Agent (VIDEO)|date=November 22, 2013|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/22/glee-tyra-banks-fierce-bichette-modeling-agent-video_n_4321567.html|publisher=huffingtonpost.com|accessdate=20 January 2019}}</ref> == Mmalite ndu na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Tyra Lynne Banks <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tyra-banks/bio/177758|title=Tyra Banks Biography|work=[[TV Guide Network]]|accessdate=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112184023/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tyra-banks/bio/177758/|archive-date=November 12, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Inglewood, California, na Disemba 4, 1973. <ref name="biochannel" /> Nne ya, Carolyn London (ugbu a London-Johnson), bụ onye na-ese foto ahụike, <ref name="biochannel">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Tyra-Banks-16242328|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620065801/http://www.biography.com/articles/Tyra-Banks-16242328|archivedate=June 20, 2009|title=Tyra Banks Biography|publisher=[[The Biography Channel]]|accessdate=July 17, 2011}}</ref> na nna ya, Donald Banks, bụ onye na-ahụ maka kọmputa. <ref name="bod">{{Cite web|url=http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity-biography/tyra-banks/|title=Tyra Banks:Biography on MSN|first=Jason|year=2008|publisher=[[MSN]]|author=Clark|accessdate=July 18, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902013801/http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity-biography/tyra-banks/|archivedate=September 2, 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/26/Tyra-Banks.html|title=Tyra Banks Biography|publisher=FilmReference.com}}</ref> O nwere nwanne nwoke aha ya bụ Devin, onye tọrọ afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/person/tyra-banks/biography.html|title=Tyra Banks|publisher=Movies.yahoo.com|accessdate=June 3, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011758/http://movies.yahoo.com/person/tyra-banks/biography.html|archivedate=November 9, 2013}}</ref> Na 1979, mgbe Banks dị afọ isii, nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm. Ụlọ akụ gara John Burroughs Middle School, wee gụchaa na 1991 na Immaculate Heart High School na Los Angeles. Ụlọ akụ kwuru na mgbe ọ na-etolite, a na-akwa ya emo maka ọdịdị ya ma weere ya dị ka "nwanyị ọbọgwụ jọrọ njọ"; <ref>{{Cite web|first=Wendy|author=Shanker|title=About Tyra Banks|url=http://www.supermodels.nl/tyrabanks/about|publisher=Supermodels.nl|accessdate=November 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109053306/http://www.supermodels.nl/tyrabanks/about|archivedate=November 9, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Fat Girl's Guide to Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI-tCMdjklwC&q=tyra+banks+interview+on+being+an+ugly+duckling&pg=PT81|accessdate=November 9, 2014|isbn=9781408806623|author=Shanker|first=Wendy|date=August 17, 2009}}</ref> mgbe Banks dị afọ 11, ọ toro sentimita atọ wee tufuo 30 pound n'ime ọnwa atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tyra Banks Opens Up About Body and Weight Battles|url=http://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/tyra-banks-opens-up-about-body-and-weight-battles-37919|first=Chantal|author=Waldholz|accessdate=November 9, 2014|work=[[Life & Style (magazine)|Life & Style]]|date=May 5, 2014}}</ref> Na ''America's Next Top Model'', Banks tụlere nsonaazụ nke nyocha DNA nke Ancestry.com nke nyere ya "79% African, 14% British, and 6% Native American". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/2014/12/29/tyra-banks-gets-surprising-dna-results-on-americas-next-top-model/|title=Tyra Banks Gets Surprising DNA Results on 'America's Next Top Model'|publisher=[[Ancestry.com]]|first=—Sabrina Rojas|author=Weiss|date=n.d.|accessdate=October 3, 2017|archivedate=May 11, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511193717/http://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/2014/12/29/tyra-banks-gets-surprising-dna-results-on-americas-next-top-model}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ gbakwụnyere na ya bụkwa "1% Finnish ", na-ekwu, sị: "Abụ m 14% British, 6% Native American, 1% Finnish, na ndị ọzọ niile Africa." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/entertainment/a33991/tyra-banks-interview-recipe/|title=At Home With Tyra Banks|date=August 20, 2015|work=[[Good Housekeeping]]|accessdate=September 2, 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị nke afọ 2012, ụlọ akụ gụchara nkuzi izu itoolu na mmemme ndọtị na-abụghị ogo nke Mahadum Harvard. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Anne|first=Sarah|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/tyra-banks-graduates-from-harvards-executive-education-program/2012/02/24/gIQASv0vXR_blog.html|title=Tyra Banks graduates from Harvard's executive education program|work=The Washington Post|date=2012-02-24|accessdate=2022-02-16}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/flyby/article/2012/9/17/tyra-banks-harvard-girl/|title=Tyra Banks: Dropping H-Bombs Like Nobody's Business &#124; Flyby &#124; the Harvard Crimson}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịṅomi == [[Usòrò:Tyra_Banks_2012_Shankbone.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Banks na 2012]] Mgbe Banks dị afọ iri na ise, ọ malitere ịme ihe ngosi mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ na Los Angeles. Ụlọ ọrụ anọ jụrụ ya tupu LA Model bịanye aka na ya. Ọ gbanwere na Elite Model Management mgbe ọ dị afọ 16. Mgbe o nwetara ohere ime ihe nlereanya na Europe, ọ kwagara Milan. N'oge ụzọ ụgbọ elu mbụ ya, ọ debere ihe ngosi 25 na 1991 Paris Fashion Week . Ụlọ akụ pụtara na nchịkọta akụkọ maka American, Italian, French, na Spanish ''Vogue'' ; American, French, German, na Spanish ''Elle'' ; American, German, na Malaysian ''Harper's Bazaar'' ; ''V'' ; ''W'' na Vanity Fair . == Ọrụ ihie onyonyo na ihe nkiri == [[Usòrò:Tyra_Banks(Cannes).jpg|alt=|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ụlọ akụ na Cannes Film Festival na 2000]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Space Ghost Coast to Coast Chinatown|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/space-ghost-coast-to-coast/chinatown-102388/|work=tv.com|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2020-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130084905/http://www.tv.com/shows/space-ghost-coast-to-coast/chinatown-102388/}}</ref> === Edemede === Na 1998, Banks nwadoro akwụkwọ aha ya bụ ''Tyra's Beauty, Inside and Out'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newyorktimesbestsellerlist.org/reviews/tyra-banks|title=Tyra Banks, Supermodel, Talk Show Host, and Actress|work=[[The New York Times]] Bestsellerlist|accessdate=October 2, 2008|archivedate=March 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223248/http://www.newyorktimesbestsellerlist.org/reviews/tyra-banks}}</ref> O kwuputara na Mee 2010 na ọ ga-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, akpọrọ ''Modelland'', <ref>Nudd, Tim. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150911043114/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20368179,00.html Tyra Banks to Publish Her First Novel]. ''[[People (magazine)|People]]''. May 11, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2011.</ref> na-adabereghị na ahụmịhe nhazi nke ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nyulocal.com/tyra-banks-modelland-a-masterwork-of-modern-literature-978b648ea325|title=Tyra Banks' Modelland: A Masterwork of Modern Literature|work=NYU Local|first=Jocelyn|author=Silver|date=November 30, 2011|accessdate=May 22, 2019|archivedate=January 20, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120131406/https://nyulocal.com/tyra-banks-modelland-a-masterwork-of-modern-literature-978b648ea325}}</ref> E bipụtara ya na Septemba 2011, nke e bu n'obi ka ọ bụrụ nke mbụ n'ime usoro akụkụ atọ a haziri ahazi; <ref>Krupnick, Ellie. [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/21/tyra-banks-book-harvard_n_905779.html?ir=Books Tyra Banks Talks 'Modelland', Harvard Business School (VIDEO)]. ''[[The Huffington Post]]''. July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.</ref> ''Modelland tolitere'' ndepụta kacha ere ahịa <nowiki><i id="mwAak">nke New York Times</i></nowiki> na Ọktoba 2011. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/10/tyra-banks-new-york-times-best-seller_n_1003369.html|title=Tyra Banks Is A New York Times Bestselling Author|date=October 10, 2011|publisher=Huffingtonpost|accessdate=November 9, 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, Banks na nne ya, Carolyn London, dekọtara akwụkwọ nke akpọrọ "Perfect is Boring". <ref>PerfectIsBoring.com</ref> === Nkuzi === N'August 2016, Banks nakweere ọkwá dị ka onye nkuzi ọbịa na-ama akara na Mahadum Stanford . == Ndụ onwe onye == Ndị ụlọ akụ nwere ụbọchị onye na-ese foto Norwegian Erik Asla n'oge 2010, na Jenụwarị 2016, ha nwere nwa nwoke mụrụ site na ịwa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Moms & Babies|title=Tyra Banks Welcomes Son York|url=https://people.com/parents/tyra-banks-welcomes-son-york-via-surrogate-erik-asla|accessdate=January 27, 2016|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=January 27, 2016}}</ref> Ụlọ akụ ekwuola na ọ na-ezere ịṅụ ihe ọṅụṅụ na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-eji ọgwụ ntụrụndụ ndị ọzọ eme ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=April 20, 2017|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/entertainment/Tyra+Banks-35390.html|title=Tyra Banks' sexy drink|date=June 1, 2007|quote=I've never had any drugs and I had a little taste of alcohol when I was 12-years-old, but that's about it|work=www.femalefirst.co.uk|archivedate=June 19, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070619034242/http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/entertainment/Tyra+Banks-35390.html}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Breaking the Dating Violence Cycle|url=http://www.oprah.com/relationships/Tyra-Banks-on-Dating-Abuse/3|work=Oprah.com|accessdate=August 1, 2012|archivedate=July 1, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701175722/https://www.oprah.com/relationships/tyra-banks-on-dating-abuse/3}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Morrissey|first=Tracie Egan|title=Oprah: Tyra Banks Opens Up About Abusive Ex-Boyfriend|url=http://jezebel.com/5169124/oprah-tyra-banks-opens-up-about-abusive-ex+boyfriend|publisher=Jezebel.com|date=March 12, 2009|accessdate=August 1, 2012|archivedate=March 30, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330063000/http://jezebel.com/5169124/oprah-tyra-banks-opens-up-about-abusive-ex+boyfriend}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tyra Banks tells Oprah of her own abuse|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-03-19/living/o.break.dating.violence.cycle_1_chris-brown-and-rihanna-abuse-tyra-banks-show?_s=PM:LIVING|work=cnn|date=March 19, 2009|accessdate=August 1, 2012|archive-date=October 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007123537/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-03-19/living/o.break.dating.violence.cycle_1_chris-brown-and-rihanna-abuse-tyra-banks-show?_s=PM:LIVING|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Agụmakwụkwọ === [[Usòrò:Defense.gov_News_Photo_031219-F-0464D-071.jpg|thumb| Ndị ụlọ akụ na-eleta ndị ọrịa na Walter Reed Army Medical Center na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] na Disemba 19, 2003]] Na 2011, ụlọ akụ debanyere aha na izu itoolu <ref name="opm">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180814010345/https://www.exed.hbs.edu/programs/opm/Pages/admissions.aspx "Owner/President Management: Program Objectives"]. Executive Education. Harvard Business School. Retrieved 2013-07-30.</ref> Onye nwe / Onye isi oche Management Program (OPM) na Harvard Business School . Ụlọ akụ dechara mmemme ọzụzụ nkuzi ndị isi na February 2012, na-enweta asambodo. <ref>Hughes, Sarah Ann (February 24, 2012). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/tyra-banks-graduates-from-harvards-executive-education-program/2012/02/24/gIQASv0vXR_blog.html?tid=pm_entertainment_pop "Tyra Banks graduates from Harvard's executive education program"]. ''Celebritology'' (blog). Washington Post.</ref> <ref>Sauers, Jenna, {{Cite web|title=Model Behaviors|url=http://jezebel.com/tyra-banks-harvard|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150407192123/http://jezebel.com/tyra-banks-harvard|archivedate=April 7, 2015|accessdate=August 25, 2011|publisher=Jezebel.com}} </ref> Abara ya mba maka ịsị na ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Manuel-Logan|first=Ruth|title=Tyra Banks a Harvard Business School Graduate? Not!|url=http://newsone.com/2033192/tyra-banks-harvard|publisher=NewsOne.com|date=August 30, 2012|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> Jenna Sauers, na-ede maka ''Jezebel'', zoro aka na nkwupụta ya na Harvard dị ka "ndị na-enweghị isi", ma kpọkuo ya ka ọ "kwụsị ịgha ụgha" banyere Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sauers|first=Jenna|title=Tyra Banks Needs to Stop Lying About Going to Harvard Business School|url=http://jezebel.com/5937660/tyra-banks-needs-to-stop-lying-about-going-to-harvard-business-school|work=Jezebel|publisher=Gawker Media|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=March 25, 2015|archivedate=February 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215033315/http://jezebel.com/5937660/tyra-banks-needs-to-stop-lying-about-going-to-harvard-business-school}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bennett-Smith|first=Meredith|title=Tyra Banks A Harvard Business School Graduate? Well, Not Exactly|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/27/tyra-banks-a-harvard-busi_n_1834728.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> Dị ka nke 2012, Harvard prọfesọ Rohit Deshpande na-akwadebe ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ Banks, Bankable Productions, maka iji mee ihe n'ọdịnihu na mmemme OPM. <ref>Zhang, Brian C. (February 27, 2012). [https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/2/27/tyra-banks-leaves-HBS "Tyra Finishes HBS Program"]. ''The Harvard Crimson''. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220810014643/https://harbus.org/2012/tyra-banks/ "Tyra Banks: Fun, Fierce, and Financially Savvy"]. Features. The Harbus (harbus.org). February 15, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tyra Banks TZone|url=http://tzonefoundation.org/|publisher=tzonefoundation.org|accessdate=September 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312224353/http://tzonefoundation.org/|archivedate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == [[Usòrò:Tyra_Banks_2011.jpg|thumb| Banks na 2011]] === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 1995 | ''Mmụta dị elu'' | Deja | | |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''Lovehụnanya isi ísì'' | Holly Garnett | | |- | ''The Apartment Complex'' | Onwe ya | Ihe nkiri onyonyo | |- | rowspan="3" | 2000 | ''Ịhụnanya &amp;amp; Bọọlụ Nkata'' | Kyra Kessler | | |- | ''Nha ndụ'' | Eve | Ihe nkiri onyonyo | |- | ''Coyote jọrọ njọ'' | Zoe | | |- | 2002 | ''Halloween: Mbilite n'ọnwụ'' | Nora Winston | | |- | 2002 | ''Abalị asatọ dị nzuzu'' | Akwa uwe nzuzo nke Victoria | Olu | |- | 2004 | ''Larceny'' | rowspan="4" | Onwe ya | | |- | 2007 | | Ọdịdị cameo | |- | 2008 | ''Tropic Thunder'' | Ọdịdị cameo | |- | 2009 | ''Hannah Montana: Ihe nkiri'' | Ọdịdị cameo enweghị nzere | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cast and credits of Hannah Montana: The Movie|url=https://www.listal.com/movie/hannah-montana-the-movie/cast|publisher=Walt Disney Pictures|accessdate=2020-11-10}}</ref> |- | 2018 | ''Nha ndụ 2'' | Eve | Ihe nkiri onyonyo | |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 1993 | ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'' | Jackie Ames | Ihe ngosi 7 |- | 1996 | ''Ihe niile'' | Onye ahịa | Ihe omume: "Tyra Banks/Blackstreet" |- | 1997 | ''New York Undercover'' | Natasha Claybourne | Akụkụ 3 |- | 1998 | ''Space Ghost Coast ruo Coast'' | rowspan="2" | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "Chinatown" |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''Naanị gbaa m!'' | Akụkụ 2 |- | ''The Hughleys'' | Nicole | Ihe omume: "Sap na kpakpando" |- | rowspan="2" | 2000 | ''MADtv'' | Ụdị agwa dị iche iche | Akụkụ 2 |- | ''Mmasị'' | Jane Scott | Akụkụ 3 |- | 2001 | ''Nri mkpụrụ obi'' | Nina Josef | Ihe omume: "Mgbu nkịtị" |- | 2003–2015; 2017 - dị ugbu a | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha nke America'' | Onwe ya | Onye okike, onye ọbịa, onye ọka ikpe na onye ọbịa pụrụ iche (akụkụ 2) |- | rowspan="2" | 2004 | ''Anyị niile'' | Roni | Ihe omume: "Nwanne, olee ebe ị nọ?" |- | ''American Dreams'' | Carolyn Gill | Ihe omume: "Ịchọ ihe gara aga" |- | 2005-2010 | ''The Tyra Banks Show'' | Onwe ya | Onye ọbịa |- | 2009 | ''Nwanyị asịrị'' | Ursula Nyquist | Ihe omume: " Dan de Fleurette " |- | 2011 | ''Ihe Nlereanya kacha elu nke Mexico'' | rowspan="5" | Onwe ya | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 2 ikpeazụ |- | rowspan="2" | 2012 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha elu nke Vietnam'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 2 ikpeazụ |- | ''Top Model po-russki'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 3 ikpeazụ |- | 2012-2013 | ''Kwalie Ya elu'' | Akụkụ 2 |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha elu nke Eshia'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 1 ikpeazụ |- | ''Glee'' | Bichette | Ihe omume: " Movin' Out " |- | 2014 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha elu nke Korea'' | rowspan="3" | Onwe ya | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 5 ihe nkedo |- | 2015 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha mma nke Australia'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 9 ikpeazụ |- | 2015 | ''Ndụ FABL'' | Onye ọbịa |- | 2015-2016 | ''Nwa-isi'' | Gigi Franklin | Akụkụ 2 |- | 2017 | ''New Celebrity Apprentice'' | rowspan="5" | Onwe ya | Akụkụ 3 |- | 2017-2018 | ''America nwere Talent'' | Onye ọbịa |- | 2019 | ''Topmodel nke Germany na-esote'' | Onye ọbịa; okirikiri 14 ikpeazụ |- | 2020 | ''Celebrity Watch Party'' | Ihe omume 6 |- | 2020 - dị ugbu a | ''Ịgba egwu na kpakpando'' | Onye ọbịa |} {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Vidiyo egwu ! Onye na-ese ihe |- | 1991 | " Oji ma ọ bụ ọcha " | [[Michael Jackson]] |- | 1991 | " Ihe ịhụnanya " | Tina Turner |- | 1992 | " Too Funky " | George Michael |- | 1995 | "Trife Life" | Mobb Deep |- | 1996 | "Achọghị ịhapụ gị" | Lionel Richie |- | 2004 | "Shake Ya Body" | Onwe ya |- | 2015 | "Elu oke" | Onwe ya |- | 2016 | "Egwuregwu ụmụaka" | Drake |} == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * {{Cite book|author=Vanessa Thomas|first=Bush|title=Tyra's Beauty Inside & Out|url=https://archive.org/details/tyrasbeautyinsid0000bank|publisher=Harper Perennial|year=1998|isbn=978-0060952105}} * {{Cite book|author=Banks|first=Tyra|title=Modelland|publisher=Delacorte Books|year=2011|isbn=978-0385740593}} * {{Cite book|author=Banks|first=Tyra|title=Perfect Is Boring|url=https://archive.org/details/perfectisboring10000bank|publisher=Tarcher Perigee|year=2018|isbn=978-0143132301|ref=https://perfectisboring.com/}} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! onye nnata ! Nsonaazụ ! Ref. |- | 1999 | rowspan="3" | Teen Choice Awards | Ụdị Nhọrọ | Onwe ya| {{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Coleman|first=Kali|title=Can You Remember The Winners From The 1999 Teen Choice Awards?|url=https://bestlifeonline.com/1999-teen-choice-awards-winners/|work=[[Best Life (magazine)|Best Life]]|publisher=Galvanized Media|accessdate=December 12, 2020|date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> |- | 2004 | Nhọrọ Eziokwu/Star TV dị iche iche - Nwanyi | rowspan="2" | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha nke America''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com">{{Cite web|title=Tyra Banks|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004723/awards|work=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2005 | Nhọrọ TV Omume: Nwanyi| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | Ihe nturu ugo ihe nkiri na ihe onyonyo n'ịntanetị | Onye ọbịa kacha mma nke ihe ngosi okwu ma ọ bụ ọrụ | ''Ihe ngosi Tyra Banks''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | Teen Choice Awards | Nhọrọ TV: Omume | ''Ihe Nlereanya Na-esote America'' / ''Ihe ngosi ụlọ akụ Tyra''| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | Onyinye Emmy kwa ụbọchị | Ihe ngosi Okwu pụtara ìhè | ''Ihe ngosi nke Tyra Banks Show''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | ASTRA Awards | Mmasị mba ụwa ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ọkacha mmasị | rowspan="2" | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha nke America''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 | Teen Choice Awards | Nhọrọ TV: Omume| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Onyinye Emmy kwa ụbọchị | Ngosi Okwu/Na-enye nkọwa pụtara ìhè | rowspan="2" | ''Ihe ngosi nke Tyra Banks Show''| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | 2009 | Ngosi Okwu/Na-enye nkọwa pụtara ìhè| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | 2017 | Teen Choice Awards | Nhọrọ TV: Omume | rowspan="2" | ''America nwere Talent''| {{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ceron|first=Ella|title=Teen Choice Awards 2017: See the First Wave of Nominations|url=http://www.teenvogue.com/story/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominees|work=[[Teen Vogue]]|date=June 19, 2017|accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> |- | 2019 | Nhọrọ ụmụaka | Onye ọbịa ihe onyonyo masịrị| {{Nom}} | |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|4723}} * Tyra Banks </img> * Tyra Banks * Tyra Banks * [http://tyrashow.warnerbros.com/ ''Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Tyra Banks Show''] * Profaịlụ/ajụjụ ọnụ ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/magazine/01tyra-t.html New York Times]'' [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4mst3e9kz2ski69ekw249bdn66qpset 0 12731 728429 212076 2026-09-27T08:05:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Trine Bjerke Rønning''' (amuru 14 June 1982) bu onye [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Norway. Ọ gbaburu egwu maka Trondheims-Ørn na Kolbotn . Kemgbe ọ malitere otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị Norway na Ọktoba 1999, ọ meriri ihe karịrị otu narị na iri ise . Rønning nọchitere anya obodo ya na mbipụta 2005, 2009 na 2013 nke asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị UEFA, ka ọ bụrụ onye otu egwuregwu anaghị eme egwuregwu na 2001 . Ọ gbakwara egwu na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2003, 2007, 2011 na 2015 FIFA, yana n'asọmpi bọọlụ Olympic 2008 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Trine Ronning|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/trine-ronning#b2p-athlete-olympic-results|accessdate=2022-03-24|work=olympics.com}}</ref> Na February 2015 a họpụtara ya onyeisi ndị otu mba. == Ọrụ klọb == Rønning ejirila klọb atọ dị iche iche emeriela asọmpi Toppserien Norwegian ugboro isii. Nke mbụ mụ na Trondheims-Ørn SK na 2000 na na 2001, emesia mụ na Kolbotn na 2005 na na 2006 na ọzọ ya na Stabæk FK na 2010 na 2013. Ọ meriri iko iko ụmụ nwanyị Norwegian nke mba na 1998 (dịka onye dị afọ 16), 1999, 2001 na 2002 ya na Trondheims-Ørn, dịka onye isi nke Kolbotn na 2007 yana Stabæk na 2011, 2012 na 2013. N'ime oge ise ya na Trondheims-Ørn, Rønning meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 40 na egwuregwu 86. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spillere med flest toppseriekamper|url=http://www.trondheims-orn.no/cms/index.php?id=183|publisher=[[Trondheims-Ørn SK]]|accessdate=7 June 2015|language=no|archivedate=5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305095924/http://www.trondheims-orn.no/cms/index.php?id=183}}</ref> Mgbe ọ chịchara Kolbotn site na oge 2007 na 2008 Rønning jụrụ ịgbatị nkwekọrịta wee sonye na otu Stabæk FK e hiwere ọhụrụ na mbido 2009. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Stenseth|first=Knut|title=Gulbrandsen og Rønning forlater Kolbotn|url=http://www.oblad.no/sport/gulbrandsen-og-ronning-forlater-kolbotn-1.3874566|accessdate=7 June 2015|publisher=[[Østlandets Blad]]|date=19 November 2008|language=no}}</ref> Mgbe oge 2017 gasịrị, Rønning kpebiri ịla ezumike nká. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Rønning mere mpụta mbụ ya na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị Norway na Ọktoba 1999, mmeri 4–0 meriri Portugal . Na 2001 ya na ndị ntorobịa Norway ọ meriri ọlaọcha na ọnọdụ nke abụọ na asọmpi UEFA Women's Under-19 . N'oge mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Rønning na-egwuri egwu n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ ọ bụla ma e wezụga onye na-eche nche. O mechara chọta ebe obibi n'ime otu na etiti azụ . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Trine Bjerke Rønning|url=http://en.archive.dr.infra.uefa.com/competitions/woco/players/Player=49069/index.html|publisher=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=7 June 2015|date=10 September 2009}}</ref> Ọ gbara ndị otu Norway meriri ọlaọcha na UEFA Women's Euro 2005 na England, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Duret|first=Sébastien|title=European Women Championship 2005 - Match Details|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/eur-women05det.html|publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]|accessdate=7 June 2015|date=19 June 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124033258/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/eur-women05det.html|archivedate=24 November 2010}}</ref> wee gwụ nke anọ na 2007 FIFA World Cup na China. <ref name="fifa-wc2007-team-nor">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1882882/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924094644/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1882882/index.html|archivedate=September 24, 2008|title=FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007&nbsp;– Norway (NOR)|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=31 January 2009}}</ref> Norway bịakwara agba nke anọ nke asọmpi Beijing na 2008 yana Rønning dịka onye isi n'otu egwuregwu ahụ. Na 4 Septemba 2009 Rønning meriri mmerụ ikpere ka ọ gbaa egwuregwu 100th maka Norway na mmeri 3-1 nke ikpeazụ ha meriri ndị na-asọmpi Sweden na UEFA Women's Euro 2009 . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Saffer|first=Paul|title=Centurion Rønning plays through pain|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/news/newsid=882735.html|accessdate=7 June 2015|publisher=[[UEFA]]|date=6 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204071455/http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/news/newsid=882735.html|archive-date=4 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ ọ ghọrọ osote onyeisi. Ọkachamara onye nchịkwa mba ọbụna Pellerud họpụtara Rønning na ndị otu Norway maka UEFA Women's Euro 2013 na Sweden. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/news/newsid=1962521.html|title=Pellerud 'excited' by Norway squad|date=13 June 2013|accessdate=7 June 2015|work=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|first=Eivind|author=Aarre}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ na Friends Arena, o nwere ntaramahụhụ ọkara nke mbụ nke onye mgbaru ọsọ Germany bụ Nadine Angerer zọpụtara . Goolu Anja Mittag nyere ndị Germany aha nke isii ha na-esochi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/season=2013/matches/round=2000178/match=2011602/postmatch/report/|title=Angerer the hero as Germany make it six in a row|date=28 July 2013|accessdate=7 June 2015|work=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|first=Chris|author=Burke}}</ref> Na February 2015 Rønning ka akpọrọ aha onye isi otu mba, dịka onye nọchiri anya onye merụrụ ahụ Ingvild Stensland . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Økstad Sandberg|first=Fredrik|title=Norges kaptein om VM-motstander: - Jeg visste ikke at de hadde eget damelag|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2015/02/10/sport/sportno/idrett/trine_ronning/fotball/37637064/|accessdate=7 June 2015|publisher=[[Dagbladet]]|date=10 February 2015|language=no}}</ref> Ọ gbara ọkpụ goolu mbụ ndị otu ahụ n'asọmpị iko mba ụwa nke 2015, ọkpụ ọkpụ free kick na Norway meriri Thailand 4–0 . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Norway Women 4-0 Thailand Women|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33042109|accessdate=7 June 2015|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=7 June 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Nwanne Rønning Thomas Rønning bụkwa onye egwuregwu bọọlụ nke na-egwubu Bodø/Glimt na Tippeligaen . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spillerprofiler Thomas Rønning|url=http://www.ranheimfotball.no/player-profiles/playerID/28237|publisher=[[Ranheim Fotball]]|accessdate=7 June 2015|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912040427/http://www.ranheimfotball.no/player-profiles/playerID/28237|archivedate=2015-09-12}}</ref> Na January 2009, Rønning lụrụ onye otu mba otu Kristin Blystad-Bjerke, obere oge ka alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị na Norway kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Vassbotten|first=Arve|title=Gift med landslagskollega|url=http://www.seher.no/kjendis/gift-med-landslagskollega-36008|accessdate=7 June 2015|publisher=[[Se og Hør]]|date=3 January 2009|language=no}}</ref> == Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == ''Ọnụọgụ ziri ezi dịka egwuregwu emere na Nọvemba 4, 2017'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! rowspan="2" |Division ! colspan="2" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |1998 | rowspan="5" valign="center" |Trondheims-Ørn | rowspan="20" valign="center" |Toppserien |15 |4 |0 |0 |15 |4 |- |1999 |17 |10 |3 |2 |20 |12 |- |2000 |17 |6 |4 |0 |21 |6 |- |2001 |18 |10 |1 |1 |19 |11 |- |2002 |17 |9 |5 |6 |22 |15 |- |2003 | rowspan="6" valign="center" |Kolbotn |14 |4 |5 |2 |19 |6 |- |2004 |17 |4 |4 |1 |21 |5 |- |2005 |17 |11 |4 |3 |21 |14 |- |2006 |17 |11 |0 |0 |17 |11 |- |2007 |20 |8 |0 |0 |20 |8 |- |2008 |14 |6 |1 |0 |15 |6 |- |2009 | rowspan="9" valign="center" |Stabæk |14 |6 |0 |0 |14 |6 |- |2010 |21 |0 |0 |0 |21 |0 |- |2011 |17 |1 |3 |2 |20 |3 |- |2012 |15 |1 |4 |1 |19 |2 |- |2013 |20 |5 |5 |2 |25 |7 |- |2014 |21 |6 |3 |0 |24 |6 |- |2015 |21 |2 |3 |3 |24 |5 |- |2016 |19 |3 |3 |2 |22 |5 |- |2017 |20 |2 |1 |0 |21 |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !351 !109 !49 !19 !400 !128 |} == Ebumnuche mba ụwa == {| class="wikitable" !Mba. ! Ụbọchị ! Ebe ! Onye mmegide ! Akara ! Nsonaazụ ! Asọmpi |- | 1. | Ọnwa Mbụ 18, 2006 | Stadiumlọ egwuregwu Olympic Guangdong, Guangzhou, [[China]] |</img> United States | align="center" | '''1-2''' | align="center" | 1–3 | Asọmpi mba anọ nke afọ 2006 |- | 2. | Ọktoba 24, 2009 | Nadderud stadion, Bærum, [[Norway]] |</img> Netherlands | align="center" | '''1-0''' | align="center" | 3–0 | rowspan="4" | 2011 FIFA ntozu iko mba ụwa |- | 3. | Maachị 27, 2010 | AKA Arena, Hønefoss, Norway |</img> North Macedonia | align="center" | '''2-0''' | align="center" | 14–0 |- | 4. | Ọgọst 21, 2010 | NTC Stadion, Senec, [[Slovakia]] |</img> Slovakia | align="center" | '''1-0''' | align="center" | 4–0 |- | 5. | Ọgọstụ 25, 2010 | Goce Delčev Stadium, Prilep, [[Macedonia|North Macedonia]] |</img> North Macedonia | align="center" | '''7-0''' | align="center" | 7–0 |- | 6. | Ọnwa Isii 7, 2015 | TD Place Stadium, Ottawa, [[Kánada|Canada]] |</img> Thailand | align="center" | '''1-0''' | align="center" | 4–0 | 2015 FIFA iko mba ụwa |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iq6jx14h37vpowhxhpc0rrur1gdilhe 0 12733 728391 723738 2026-09-27T03:27:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sofie Junge Pedersen''' (amụrụ 24 Eprel 1992) bụ onye [[Footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Danish nke na-egwu egwuregwu bọọlụ Juventus nke Italian Serie A yana maka otu mba Danish . Ọ gbara egwu na mbụ maka IK Skovbakken na Fortuna Hjørring nke Danish Elitedivisionen, nke ikpeazụ ya bụ onyeisi, yana maka FC Rosengård na Swedish Damallsvenskan . == Ọrụ klọb == Junge Pedersen gbara IK Skovbakken ruo 2011 tupu ọ kwaga Fortuna Hjørring . Skovbakken emeela Junge Pedersen na nwa okorobịa ibe ya Pernille Harder nwere nkwekọrịta n'ime ndị egwuregwu n'April 2010, iji kwado ikike ha pụrụ iche. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Dahl Mikkelsen|first=Tejs|title=To talenter på kontrakt i Skovbakken|url=http://stiften.dk/sport/talenter-paa-kontrakt-i-skovbakken|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=[[Århus Stiftstidende]]|date=27 April 2010|language=Danish}}</ref> Na June 2015, Junge Pedersen bịanyere aka na FC Rosengård, mgbe ọ masịrị ndị mmeri Sweden Damallsvenskan mgbe ha na Fortuna Hjørring na-egwu megide ha na UEFA Women's Champions League . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Andersson|first=Jan Peter|title=Junge Pedersen snart klar för FC Rosengård|url=http://www.expressen.se/kvp/sport/junge-pedersen-klar-for-spel-i-rosengard/|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=[[Expressen]]|date=15 June 2015|language=Swedish}}</ref> N'oge ya na Rosengård, Junge nwere nnukwu mmerụ ahụ nke mere ka ọ ghara igwu egwu maka oge 2016 dum. Na 2017, FC Rosengård họọrọ ịghara imeghari nkwekọrịta ya wee bịanye aka na Levante UD na Spanish Primera División . Na njedebe nke nkwekọrịta ya na Levante na July 2018, Junge laghachiri Damallsvenskan ebe o debanyere Vittsjö GIK . Na Disemba 2018, Junge bịanyere aka na Juventus Women na Italy == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Na mmalite 2008 FIFA U-17 iko mba ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị na New Zealand, Junge Pedersen so na otu Denmark meriri otu ha tupu ha rie 4–0 n'aka ndị mmeri North Korea n'ikpeazụ na nkeji iri na ise. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sofie Pedersen|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/teams/player=1907576/profile/index.html|publisher=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=5 September 2015|date=28 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916105803/http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/teams/player=1907576/profile/index.html|archive-date=16 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Disemba 2011, Junge Pedersen meriri na mpụta mbụ mba ụwa, mmeri 4–0 meriri Chile na São Paulo . Akpọrọ ya aha na onye nchịkwa mba Kenneth Heiner-Møller 's Denmark otu maka UEFA Women's Euro 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/news/newsid=1966206.html|title=Upbeat Heiner-Møller confirms Denmark squad|date=21 June 2013|accessdate=14 July 2013|work=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|first=Peter|author=Bruun}}</ref> Na 2017, a kpọrọ ya aha na Nils Nielsen 'squad for UEFA Women's Euro 2017 nke hụrụ ka ọ na-egwu oge na njedebe ikpeazụ megide Netherlands na-esote Line Sigvardsen Jensen 's ACL mmerụ ahụ. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'ịbụ onye na-agba bọọlụ, Junge Pedersen bụ onye ọgụgụ isi na-agụkarị nke na-akọwapụta dị ka onye na- elekọta mmadụ . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dbu.dk/Temaer/kvindelandsholdet/Moed_spillerne/15_Sofie_Junge_Pedersen.aspx|title=Sofie Junge Pedersen|publisher=[[Danish Football Association]]|language=Danish|accessdate=14 July 2013|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000941/http://www.dbu.dk/Temaer/kvindelandsholdet/Moed_spillerne/15_Sofie_Junge_Pedersen.aspx}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ football ya na akwụkwọ mahadum ọ na-arụ ọrụ ebere na mmepe na Africa. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ahlstrøm|first=Frits|title=Topspiller magter fodbold, studier og ulandsarbejde|url=http://www.tv3sport.dk/fodbold/nyheder/topspiller-magter-fodbold-studier-og-ulandsarbejde/|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=[[TV 3 (Denmark)]]|date=15 November 2014|language=Danish|archive-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224084001/http://www.tv3sport.dk/fodbold/nyheder/topspiller-magter-fodbold-studier-og-ulandsarbejde/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == === Klọb === ; Fortuna Hjørring * Nkewa : 2013–14 ; FC Rosengård * Damallsvenskan : 2015 ; Juventus * '''Serie A :''' 2019–20, 2020–21 * <nowiki><b id="mwXQ">Supercoppa Italiana</b></nowiki> : 2019, 2020 == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Sofie Junge ndekọ asọmpi * Sofie Junge Pedersen * [http://www.fussballtransfers.com/spieler/j96360_sofie-junge-pedersen Profaịlụ] na fussballtransfers.de (in German) * [http://www.soccerdonna.de/de/sofie-junge-pedersen/profil/spieler_9488.html Profaịlụ] na soccerdonna.de (in German) * [http://www.dbu.dk/landshold/landsholdsdatabasen/PlayerInfo/5979 Profaịlụ] na dbu.dk (in Danish) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170419193251/https://www.fcrosengard.se/player/sofie-junge-pedersen/ Profaịlụ] na FC Rosengård (in Swedish) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fevshdx61zxmxd1wlr8i379y2ul8ey2 0 12772 728383 696827 2026-09-27T02:37:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif'''&nbsp;(amụrụ 9 Mee 1992), onye amara dị ka '''Sho Madjozi''' ( / ʃ ɒˈmɑː dj ɔːr zɪ / shoh-mah-JOH -zee ), bụ onye South Africa onye na-agụ egwú rap, onye na-agụ egwú, onye na-ede abụ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ede uri. Madjozi tinyere omenala Tsonga site na egwu ya na onyonyo ọhaneze. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.papermag.com/sho-madjozi-gqom-2633586614.html|title=Meet Sho Madjozi, the Gqom Pop Star Making Pan-African Music|date=3 April 2019|work=Paper|accessdate=30 June 2020}}</ref> Na 2019, akpọrọ Madjozi ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri atọ nke <nowiki><i id="mwGw">Forbes</i></nowiki> Africa nọ ọgọ afọ iri atọ maka ntinye aka ya na mpaghara egwu na ntụrụndụ. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web|author=Mwendera|first=Karen|date=2019-07-01|title=#30Under30: Creatives Category 2019|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2019/07/01/30under30-creatives-category-2019/|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == === 1992 ruo 2016: Ndụ mbido na mmalite === A mụrụ Madjozi N'abalị iteghete nke ọnwa Mee afọ 1992 na Shirley Village, Elim, Limpopo, ada Rosemary Phweni na Marc Wegerif bụ onye na-elekọta otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke e mere iji nyere ndị mmadụ aka na nkwupụta ala ha. Nne ya si na Africa ebe nna ya [[Ndi ocha|si Europe]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/5-interesting-facts-about-sho-madjozi/|title=5 Interesting Facts About Sho Madjozi!|work=Peoples Magazine|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202916/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/5-interesting-facts-about-sho-madjozi/}}</ref> Mgbe nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ ka dị obere, ọ bụ nne ya zulitere ya. Majozi nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ sitere n'akụkụ nne ya na nna ya. Dị ka nna ya, Marc Wegerif, na-eme njem mgbe nile na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke kọntinent ahụ, Madjozi nwere ohere iso nna ya mee njem - o soro ya gaa Dar es Salaam, [[Tanzania]], bụ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka òtù ọrụ ebere bụ Oxfam mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-11-16-00-sho-madjozis-musical-lineage-is-larger-than-large|title=Sho Madjozi's musical lineage is larger than large|work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> O jikwa ụfọdụ oge na-ere uwe n'ahịa ndị dị na [[Senegal]] n'afọ 2016 iji gboo mkpa na ezinụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/sho-majozi-i-use-to-sell-clothes-at-a-market-in-senegal-to-make-ends-meet-20180526|title=Sho Majozi: ‘I used to sell clothes at a market in Senegal to make ends meet ’|author=Makgalemele|first=Thembisile|date=26 May 2018|work=Channel 24|accessdate=18 December 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na International School of Tanganyika na Tanzania, e nyere Madjozi akwụkwọ mmụta na Mount Holyoke College na South Hadley, [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] ,&nbsp;US, iji mụọ ihe okike na ọmụmụ Africa . Mgbe ọ nọ na US, ọ malitere ide abụ n'okpuru aha odide nke MayaThePoet. <ref name="bgc">{{Cite web|author=Dee|first=Christa|title=Maya the Poet becomes Sho Madjozi: Tsonga rap and the preservation of home|url=http://www.bubblegumclub.co.za/maya-the-poet-becomes-sho-madjozi-tsonga-rap-and-the-preservation-of-home/|work=Bubble Gum Club|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2017-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901175342/http://www.bubblegumclub.co.za/maya-the-poet-becomes-sho-madjozi-tsonga-rap-and-the-preservation-of-home/}}</ref> Abụ ndị ahụ bụ gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, njirimara na agbụrụ. Majozi laghachiri na South Africa, ebe ọ malitere mkpakọrịta n'ịmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum South Africa, Johannesburg, ma meekwa atụmatụ ịde abụ maka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na mpaghara. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tseliso Monaheng|title=Sho Madjozi is manifesting her pan-African dreams|url=https://www.thefader.com/2018/06/01/sho-madjozi-dumi-hi-phone-south-africa-interview|publisher=The Fader|accessdate=12 March 2019}}</ref> Ọ malitere rap na ide egwu n'okpuru aha ogbo ya "Sho Madjozi". Madjozi ghọrọ onye ama ama ka ya na onye rapper Okmalumkoolkat jikọrọ aka na egwu "Ngiyashisa Bhe" na egwu bụ otu egwu bụ "Gqi". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amdb.co/lyrics/okmalumkoolkat/ngiyashisa-bhe|title=Okmalumkoolkat – Ngiyashisa Bhe! Ft. Sho Madjozi Lyrics & Video|work=AMDb|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202918/https://amdb.co/lyrics/okmalumkoolkat/ngiyashisa-bhe}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/12/new-release-okmalumkoolkat-gqi/okmaluu/|title=New Release: Okmalumkoolkat – Gqi|work=SA Hip Hop Mag|access-date=2022-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202918/https://sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/12/new-release-okmalumkoolkat-gqi/okmaluu/|archive-date=2019-06-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2017 ruo dị ugbu a: ''Limpopo Champions League'' === N'April 2017, Majozi mere ihe ngosi telivishọn ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri nke Mzansi Magic drama telenovela ''Isithembiso'' . Ọ gosiputarakwara kaTsakane Mboweni - agwa tinyere aka na ngosipụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ akwụkwọ - maka oge mbido. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/Sunday-Sun/sho-madjozi-gets-tv-role-20170709|title=Sho Jadjozi Gets TV Role!|work=Daily Sun|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605220345/https://www.dailysun.co.za/Sunday-Sun/sho-madjozi-gets-tv-role-20170709}}</ref> Madjozi wepụtara otu mpụta mbụ ya, "Dumi HiPhone", na-egosi diski jockey duo PS DJz, n'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Eprel 2017, nke ọha na eze nabatara nke ọma. Egwu a erughị na ndepụta egwu ikpeazụ na album mpụta mbụ Ọ pụtakwara na DJ Maphorisa ''BlaqBoy Music Presents Gqom Wave'' (2017), ebe egosipụtara ya na egwu "Probleme". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n5x9hz|title=Probleme (feat. Sho Madjozi & DJ Hu Nose) – DJ Maphorisa Song|work=BBC}}</ref> N'abalị iteghete nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2018, o wepụtara onye ndu otu "Huku" na ọba mpụta mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/sho-madjozi-finally-drops-new-single-huku/|title=Sho Madjozi Finally Drops New Single, Huku|work=Zkhiphani.com}}</ref> N'abalị irí abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Jun 2018, Trace Urban South Africa kwuputara mmekorita ha na Majozi, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya maka ndị na-eweta ekwentị mbụ TRACE Mobile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/sho-madjozi-trace-mobile/|title=Watch the Full Trace Mobile & Sho Madjozi partnership launch|work=Zkhipani}}</ref> N'August, Madjozi n'akụkụ onye na-abụ abụ Chris Martin kwupụtara ma kọwaa otú ntinye ọrụ nke Global Citizen Festival : Mandela 100, site na vidiyo YouTube nke Global Citizen tinyere. Mgbe e mesịrị na abalị abụọ nke ọnwa&nbsp;Disemba afọ 2018, Sho Madjozi rụrụ na Global Citizen Festival: Mandela 100, nke [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyonce]] na Jay-Z gbara isiokwu ya. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hlalethwa|first=Zaza|title=Global Citizen: Preaching the good news according to Madiba|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-04-global-citizen-preaching-the-good-news-according-to-madiba|accessdate=5 December 2018|work=Mail & Guardian|date=4 December 2018}}</ref> ''Limpopo Champions League'', album studio mpụta mbụ nke Madjozi, ka ewepụtara n'abali iri na anọ nke ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sabelo Mkabela|title=Listen to Sho Madjozi's Debut Album ‘Limpopo Champions League’ Featuring Kwesta, pH, Makwa, Ycee and More|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/sho-madjozi-debut-album-listen/|publisher=Okay Africa|accessdate=5 February 2019|date=14 December 2018}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ''Trickshot'' dị mkpirikpi nke nkeji ise akwadokwara ọba ahụ nke ọtụtụ egwu sitere na ọba ahụ mebere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bona.co.za/sho-madjozi-releases-trickshot-film-for-valentines-day/|title=Sho Madjozi releases Trickshot film for Valentine's Day|work=Bona Magazine|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202927/https://www.bona.co.za/sho-madjozi-releases-trickshot-film-for-valentines-day/}}</ref> N'abalị mbụ nke ọnwa Jun afọ 2019, Majozi nwetara mmeri abụọ na mbipụta nke iri abụọ na ise nke South Africa Music Awards maka onye bịara ọhụrụ nke afọ yana maka album nwanyị kacha mma. Ọ natakwara ndị nhọpụta maka otu: Best Music Video maka "Huku" na maka Best Kwaito, Gqom & AmaPiano Album maka ''Limpopo Champions League'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-06-01-sho-madjozi-makes-her-mark-at-sama25/|title=Sho Madjozi makes her mark at #SAMA25|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> ma n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ nke ọnwa Jun afọ 2019, Madjozi nwetara nturu ugo BET maka iwu mba ụwa kacha mma na BET Awards 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/bet-awards-2019-sho-madjozi-complete-winners-list/|title=BET Awards 2019: Sho Madjozi wins big, complete winners list|work=The South African}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2019, akwụkwọ akụkọ Forbes kpọrọ Madjozi n'etiti ndị iri atọ n'okpuru ndepụta ihe okike ndepụta ndị ogo afọ irí atọ maka ntinye aka ya na mpaghara ''egwu na ntụrụndụ'', <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|author=Mwendera|first=Karen|date=2019-07-01|title=#30Under30: Creatives Category 2019|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2019/07/01/30under30-creatives-category-2019/|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> ndepụta ahụ gosipụtara ihe okike ndị ntorobịa Africa ndị ọzọ dị ka onye egwu Naijiria [[Burna Boy]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa, TV. na àgwà redio Thando Thabethe, onye Ghana oge a na-eme ihe Joseph Awuah-Darko, nke a makwaara dị ka Okuntakinte na onye nduzi ihe nkiri Kenya, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na -edepụta ihe nkiri Njue Kevin . <ref>{{Cite web|title=PIC: Boity shows off her Forbes 30 under 30 certificate: "I’m framing this"|url=https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/pic-boity-shows-off-her-forbes-30-under-30-certificate-im-framing-this-20190718|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Drum|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Goldman|first=Lauren|date=28 August 2019|title=Inclusion for all - The women on Forbes Africa 30 Under 30 list|url=https://now.vodacom.co.za/article/the-women-on-forbes-africa-30-under-30-list|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Vodacom Now!|language=en}}</ref> N'abali iri na ise nke ọnwa ọgọstụ afọ 2019, Madjozi pụtara ngosipụta egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ COLORS, ebe ọ rụrụ egwu ya akpọrọ " John Cena " nke a na-akpọkarị onye Na enye ya mkpalị mmụọ bụ onye mgba aha ya bụ John Cena . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/sho-madjozi-on-colors/|title=Sho Madjozi is the Next Artist on International Platform 'COLORS' – Cosmopolitan|work=Cosmopolitan|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2020-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504063042/https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/sho-madjozi-on-colors/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bona.co.za/watch-sho-madjozis-electric-colors-performance/|title=WATCH: Sho Madjozi's electric COLORS performance|work=Bona Magazine|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2020-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205120500/https://www.bona.co.za/watch-sho-madjozis-electric-colors-performance/}}</ref> Egwu gqom -genre wuru ewu na mpaghara, tumadi na South Africa ka o nwetara ndị nkiri nde abụọ, bụ ihe ịga nke ọma abịa na ngalaba egwu [COLOURS]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-09-03-sho-madjozis-john-cena-hits-two-million-views-on-youtube-in-just-two-weeks/|title=Sho Madjozi's 'John Cena' hits two million views on YouTube in just two weeks|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama na-eto Madjozi maka abụ ahụ, gụnyere onye na-agụ egwú Missy Elliott, bụ onye gosihachiri vidiyo ya na ibe nzirite ozi Twitter ya, ebe ọkachamara mgba John Cena tinyere Madjozi na akaụntụ Instagram ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-08-19-heres-what-john-cena-thinks-of-sho-madjozi-after-she-named-a-track-after-him/|title=Here's what John Cena thinks of Sho Madjozi after she named a track after him|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/south-african-bet-award-winner-sho-madjozi-impresses-kenyans-with-yet-another-swahili-rap-song/|title=South African BET award winner Sho Madjozi impresses Kenyans with yet another Swahili rap song|work=[[98.4 Capital FM|Capital FM]]|author=Murugi Gichovi|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2022-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116103424/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/south-african-bet-award-winner-sho-madjozi-impresses-kenyans-with-yet-another-swahili-rap-song/}}</ref> O mechara wepụtaegwu a akpọrọ "John Cena" dị ka otu egwu ama ama n'abalị iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/362027/sho-madjozi-officially-drops-viral-hit-john-cena-and-shares-inspo-behind-it|title=Sho Madjozi officially drops viral hit 'John Cena' and shares inspo behind it|work=702}}</ref> N'abalị asaa N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, Madjozi pụtara na ''Kelly Clarkson Show'' iji kwuo maka egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ n'eme ngosi dị ka ọbịa, John Cena si azụ ya bịa nke tụrụ ya n'anya. Vidiyo nke mmeghachi omume ya wee gbasaa, dịka o kwuru na ọ bụ nrọ nke ya izute Cena n'onwe ya. Na emume nke anọ nke Mzansi Kwaito na House Music Awards, ọ meriri ihe nrite Gqom Artist kacha mma. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards (MKHMA) Winner’s announced {{!}} SA Music News Magazine|url=https://www.samusicnews.co.za/entertainment/the-mzansi-kwaito-and-house-music-awards-mkhma-winners-announced/|date=December 5, 2019|work=SA Music News Magazine|accessdate=April 12, 2022|archivedate=March 31, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331114256/https://www.samusicnews.co.za/entertainment/the-mzansi-kwaito-and-house-music-awards-mkhma-winners-announced/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Madjozi wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya akpọrọ What a Life, na-egosipụta ụfọdụ talent obodo ndị sitere na mpaghara obibi ya na Limpopo, gụnyere omume dịka Makhadzi na akụkọ egwu ọdịnala Xitsonga Dr Thomas Chauke . Ngwakọta ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a ma ama nke Madjozi wepụtara bụ nke o lekwasịrị anya nke ukwuu n'ịkwalite ahịa obodo ya na ịkwalite ndị na-eme ihe na-ewu ewu site na omenala Xitsonga ya, mana ọba ahụ nwere egwu dị otú ahụ nke nwere ike ịbanye n'ahịa mba ụwa na obere gqom bangers na ụda nnwale. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitaltsonga.com/%26page%3Dmedia_news/2020/Madjozi_Unveils_Cover_and_Tracklist_for_What_a_Life_Mixtape|title=Madjozi Unveils Cover and Tracklist for What a Life Mixtape|work=DigitalTsonga.com|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2020-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206064113/https://www.digitaltsonga.com/%26page%3Dmedia_news/2020/Madjozi_Unveils_Cover_and_Tracklist_for_What_a_Life_Mixtape}}</ref> == Oyiyi ọha == Majozi na-eji ụdị mbinye aka Tsonga gbasara egwu ya na ụdị ejiji ya. N'ịbụ onye na-anya isi na omenala ya, Tsonga, ọ na-ejikarị ejiji omenala eme egwuregwu. Madjozi na- agbakarị egwu xibelani ebe ọ na-eyi sket a na-akpọ ''tinguvu'' n'úkwù, wee maa jijiji n'úkwù nke na-eme ka a na-ege ntị n'ihe omume ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.w24.co.za/Style/Fashion/Style/sho-madjozi-and-her-unique-style-sum-up-everything-thats-right-about-sa-right-now-20181206|title=Sho Madjozi and her unique style sum up everything that's right about SA right now|work=W24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2018/09/28/sho-madjozi-first-times-video|title=Sho Madjozi on Pitch Black Afro, bringing the Xibelani to the club, and more in First Times video|work=The Fader}}</ref> E wezụga ụdị omenala ya nwere mmetụta, Madjozi na-egosipụta ihe oyiyi mara mma nke nwere ọtụtụ ihe agbakwunyere. Onye edemede na-enweghị atụ Kenny Morifi-Winslow gbakwụnyere, "Echere m na enwere ike ịnyefe ume mgbe akụkụ ọkacha mmasị anyị nke ọha ọha na-aghọ ihe anyị zoro n'onwe anyị ma ọ bụ gbalịa ịgbanwe", na-aja Madjozi mma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thethirdcitizen.com/home/14/9/2017-2|title=Sho Madjozi: Heritage In The Here & Now|work=IIIRD Citizen}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye asụsụ Tsonga, Madjozi na-asụkwa asụsụ Swahili nke ọma. Egwu ya jikọtara asụsụ abụọ tinyere Bekee ma na-amasị ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị. === Ụdị ndozi ntutu isi === "Ntutu isim n'egosipụta ọdịnihu nke Afro. Ajụjụ abụrụ: Gịnị ga ka nwa Nwanyi Afrịka n'etolite etolite ama ama ga-abụ ọ bụrụ na ihe ike nke ino n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị isi ọcha na nkewa agburu? Ntụtụ isim bu ọsịsa ya. A maara Madjozi nke ọma maka ntutu isi ya nke dị ka ụmụ nwanyị Fulani na ndị Tuareg . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/sho-madjozi-rapper-global-100-style-profile-tsonga-south-africa-gqom|title=Tsonga Rapper Sho Madjozi Is the Radical New Poster Child for Pan-African Pride|work=Vogue}}</ref> Ụkpụrụ ndozi isi na-emetụta ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị bụ nke ghọrọ ihe na-emekarị site na afọ ọganihu ya (2016) na South Africa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. O nwetakwara mkpali site n'otu egwu Boom Shaka ụmụ nwanyị na-abụ abụ, Thembi Seete na onye nwụrụ anwụ bụ Lebo Mathosa, yana kwa onye ọbụ abụ Thandiswa Mazwai 's braids iconic. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.w24.co.za/Style/Beauty/Hairstyles/sho-madjozi-on-all-things-hair-and-braids-20190320|title=Sho Madjozi on all things hair and braids|work=W24}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ememe ihe nrite ! Ihe nrite ! Ọrụ/onye nnata ! Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="9" | 2019 | rowspan="4" | South African Music Awards | Nwanyị nka nke afọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sho Madjozi makes her mark at #SAMA25|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-06-01-sho-madjozi-makes-her-mark-at-sama25/|work=TimesLIVE|accessdate=26 June 2019}}</ref> | ''Limpopo Champions League'' | {{Won}} |- | Kachasị mma ọhụrụ | Onwe ya | {{Won}} |- | Vidio egwu kacha mma | ''"'' Huku ''"'' | {{Nom}} |- | Best Kwaito, Gqom ma ọ bụ Amapiano Album | ''Limpopo Champions League''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | | Kachasị mma ọhụrụ | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | Kachasị mma nwanyị South Africa | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | AFRIMA Vidio nke Afọ | ''"'' Idhom ''"'' |{{Nom}} |- | Ihe nrite BET | Iwu mba ụwa ọhụrụ kacha mma <ref>{{Cite web|title=From the Village to a Superstar: Sho Madjozi Wins BET Award|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/06/24/from-the-village-to-a-superstar-sho-madjozi-wins-bet-award|work=ewn.co.za|accessdate=24 June 2019}}</ref> | Onwe ya | {{Won}} |- | Ihe nrite talent nke Afrika <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africantalentsawards.com/?page_id=2682|title=Best African song of the year – African Talents Awards|language=fr-FR|accessdate=16 December 2019|archivedate=16 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216023002/https://africantalentsawards.com/%3Fpage_id%3D2682/}}</ref> | Abụ Africa kacha mma n'afọ | ''"'' John Cena ''"'' |{{Nom}} |- | 2019 | 4th Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards Winners!|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/Celebs/full-list-of-mkhma-winners-2019-20191202|first=Sun|author=Reporter|date=December 2, 2019|work=Daily Sun}}</ref> | Best Gqom Artist | Onwe ya |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2020 | Ihe nrite BET | Iwu mba ụwa kacha mma | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards | Kpakpando Egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ ọkacha mmasị | rowspan="2" | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | Kpakpando ọkacha mmasị (Africa) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sho Madjozi Wins 'Favorite African Star' at 2020 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/sho-madjozi-wins-favourite-african-star-nickelodean-awards/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=16 June 2021|language=en|date=2020-05-06}}</ref> |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | rowspan="2" | 2020 African Entertainment Awards USA | Onye nka nwanyi kacha mma <ref>{{Cite web|work=Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/africa-entertainment-awards-usa-2020-all-winners=|title=Africa Entertainment Awards USA 2020: All the winners|first=Lucy|author=Ilado|date=22 December 2020}}</ref> | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | Hip hop/Rap kacha mma | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="2" | Ihe nrite egwu South Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's The Lowdown On The 2021 South African Music Awards Nominees List|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2021-south-african-music-awards-nominees-list/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=16 June 2021|language=en|date=2021-05-21}}</ref> | Nwanyị nka nke afọ | rowspan="2" | Gịnị bụ Ndụ |{{Won}} |- | Album egwu ọdịnala kacha mma |{{Won}} |- | MTV Africa Music Award | Iwu ụmụ nwanyị kacha mma <ref>{{Cite web|title=Here Are the 2021 MTV Africa Music Awards Nominees|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-africa-music-awards-2021-nominees-announced/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=16 June 2021|language=en|date=2020-12-11}}</ref> | Onwe ya |{{pending}} |} == Ihe ngosi == === Albọm Studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Aha ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Nkọwa Album |- ! scope="row" | ''Limpopo Champions League'' | * E wepụtara: 14 Disemba 2018 * akara: Na-eto eto ma na-amụba * Ụdị: CD, nbudata dijitalụ |} === Ndị dị otu === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:12em;" |Aha ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Nkọwa ! Asambodo ! scope="col" style="width: 12em;" | Album |- ! scope="row" | "Dumi HiPhone"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ya na PS DJz)</span> | * E wepụtara: 28 Eprel 2017 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Huku" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/huku-single/1355620011|title=Huku – Single by Sho Madjozi|publisher=Apple Music|accessdate=8 September 2019|archivedate=18 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018132745/https://music.apple.com/us/album/huku-single/1355620011}}</ref> | * Ewepụtara: 9 Maachị 2018 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | * RiSA : Platinum | rowspan="3" | ''Limpopo Champions League'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wakanda ruo mgbe ebighị ebi" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/sho-madjozi-wakanda-forever-ft-ycee/|title=Sho Jadjozi – "Wakanda Forever" FT. YCEE|publisher=African Muzik Magazine|accessdate=8 September 2019|archivedate=24 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924131537/http://africanmuzikmag.com/sho-madjozi-wakanda-forever-ft-ycee/}}</ref> | * E wepụtara: 30 Nọvemba 2018 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | * RiSA: ọla edo <ref name="Tweet1"> * |- ! scope="row" |"Idhom" <ref name=":0" /> | * Ewepụtara: 2 June 2019 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - |- ! scope="row" | " John Cena " <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/362027/sho-madjozi-officially-drops-viral-hit-john-cena-and-shares-inspo-behind-it|title=Sho Madjozi officially drops viral hit 'John Cena' and shares inspo behind it|work=Cape Talk}}</ref> | * Ewepụtara: 27 Septemba 2019 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Kona" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/african-music-songs-you-need-to-hear-dec-18/?rebelltitem=2|title=Sho Madjozi 'Kona'|work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> | * Ewepụtara: 16 Disemba 2019 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - | ''Limpopo Champions League'' |} === Ndị dị otu anakwalite === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:12em;" |Aha ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Nkọwa ! scope="col" style="width:12em;" | Album |- ! scope="row" | "Agwala m ihe m ga-eme" <ref name="Apple1">{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/limpopo-champions-ldownload44846207|title=Limpopo Champions League by Sho Madjozi|work=Apple Music|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521053415/https://music.apple.com/us/album/limpopo-champions-ldownload44846207}}</ref> | * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | ''Limpopo Champions League'' |} == Ebemsidee == {{Reflist|}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ Nwanyị South Afrika nwéré Uri]] [[Òtù:Ndị Mmadụ si Limpopo]] [[Òtù:Ndị gụsịrị Akwụkwọ na Mahadum South Afrika]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1992]] [[Òtù:Ndị gụsịrị Akwụkwọ na Mount Holyoke]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 279n39hrrd6tf1icqzyckf5av9tijtf 0 12849 728264 708524 2026-09-26T17:12:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mmegbu gabigara ókè''', nke a na-akpọkwa owuwe ihe ubi gabigara ókè, na-ezo aka n'iwe ihe ubi ihe a na-emegharị emegharị ruo n'ókè nke mbelata nloghachi. Ịga n'ihu na mmegbu nwere ike ibute mbibi nke akụ ahụ. Okwu a na-emetụta akụ na ụba dị ka: osisi ọgwụ ọhịa, ala ịta nri, anụ ọhịa, azụ azụ, ọhịa, na mmiri mmiri. Na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmegbu na-akọwa otu n'ime ọrụ ise bụ isi na-eyi ihe dị iche iche egwu.<ref name="Wilcoveetal">{{Cite journal|author=Wilcove|first=D. S.|year=1998|title=Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States|journal=BioScience|volume=48|issue=8|pages=607–615|doi=10.2307/1313420|url=http://www.unc.edu/courses/2006spring/geog/144/001/www/readings/wilcove2.pdf}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta banyere gburugburu ebe obibi na-eji okwu a akọwa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na-aghọrọ na ọnụego na-adịghị adịgide, n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ha na ikike ha maka ịmụ nwa. Nke a nwere ike ibute mkpochapụ na ọkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ọbụna mkpochapụ nke ụdị dum. Na mmụta bayoloji nchekwa, a na-ejikarị okwu a eme ihe n'ihe gbasara ọrụ akụ na ụba mmadụ nke gụnyere iwere ihe ndị dị ndụ, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-eku ume, n'ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu karịa ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha nwere ike iguzogide.<ref>Oxford. (1996). Oxford Dictionary of Biology. Oxford University Press.</ref> A na-ejikwa okwu a ma kọwaa ya n'ụzọ dị iche na azụmaahịa, hydrology na njikwa akụ na ụba. Mmegbu mmadụ nke ukwuu nwere ike ibute mbibi akụ, gụnyere mkpochapụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-ekwe omume ka mmegbu gabigara ókè na-adịgide adịgide, dị ka a tụlere n'okpuru na ngalaba gbasara azụmaahịa. N'ihe gbasara ịkụ azụ, enwere ike iji okwu ahụ bụ oké ịkuta azụ nke a kpọrọ overfishing n'asụsụ Bekee kama iji oke mmegbu, dị ka enwere ike ịta oke nri na njikwa ngwaahịa, ịhịa na njikwa ọhịa, oke mmiri na njikwa mmiri, na ụdị ndị dị n'ihe ize ndụ na nlekota ụdị. Imegbu mmadụ n'ụzọ gabiga ókè abụghị ọrụ naanị ụmụ mmadụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị na-eri anụ na ndị na-eri ahịhịa, nwere ike iji ihe ọkụkụ na anụmanụ eme ihe. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:Giant_Haasts_eagle_attacking_New_Zealand_moa.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mgbe nnukwu nnụnụ na-adịghị efe efe nke a na-akpọ moa na-erigbu ruo n'ókè nke ịla n'iyi, nnukwu ugo Haast nke na-eri ha gbanyụkwara.<ref name="Holdaway">{{Cite journal|author=Holdaway|first=R. N.|year=2000|title=Rapid Extinction of the Moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): Model, Test, and Implications|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|url=http://www.esf.edu/efb/gibbs/efb413/moa.pdf|volume=287|issue=5461|pages=2250–2254|doi=10.1126/science.287.5461.2250|pmid=10731144}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Tennyson|first=A.|year=2006|title=Extinct Birds of New Zealand|publisher=Te Papa Press|location=Wellington, New Zealand|isbn=978-0-909010-21-8}}</ref>]] Nchegbu banyere mmegbu gabigara ókè bụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya, ọ bụ ezie na mmegbu n'onwe ya abụghị ihe ọhụrụ. A hụla ya kemgbe ọtụtụ puku afọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji nnụnụ mamo eme uwe mwụda ndị eze Hawaiian na-eyi; otu uwe mwụda na-eji ajị anụ nnụnụ puku iri asaa (70,000) nke ụdị a na-apụ n'anya ugbu a. Dodo, nnụnụ na-adịghị efe efe si [[Mauritius]], bụ ihe atụ ọzọ a maara nke ọma ka ndị a na-mmegbu. Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ ụdị agwaetiti, ọ bụ onye na-amaghị ihe banyere ụfọdụ ndị na-eri anụ, na-enye ụmụ mmadụ ohere ịbịaru ya nso ma gbuo ya n'ụzọ dị mfe.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Jonathan|author=Fryer|date=2002-09-14|title=Bringing the dodo back to life|work=BBC News|accessdate=2006-09-07|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/2255991.stm}}</ref> Site n'oge gboo, [[Ichu nta|ịchụ nta]] bụ ọrụ mmadụ dị mkpa dị ka ụzọ isi lanarị. E nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme dum nke mmegbu n'ụzọ gabigara ókè n'ụdị ịchụ nta. Echiche nke igbu oke (ihe omume mkpochapụ nke anọ) na-akọwa ihe mere mkpochapụ megafaunal ji mee n'ime obere oge. Enwere ike ịchọta nke a na mbugharị mmadụ. Ihe akaebe kachasị mma nke echiche a bụ na 80% nke nnukwu ụdị anụ ndị dị na mba North America na-apụ n'anya n'ime otu pukuafọ 1000 nke ọbịbịa ụmụ mmadụ na kọntinent ọdịda anyanwụ.<ref>Paul S. Martin</ref> Mbibi kachasị ngwa ngwa nke megafauna mere na New Zealand, ebe site na 1500 AD, naanị afọ 200 mgbe ha biri n'àgwàetiti ndị ahụ, ndị Māori chụrụ ụdị nnụnụ iri nke nnukwu nnụnụ moa ka ha laa n'iyi.<ref name="Holdaway">{{Cite journal|author=Holdaway|first=R. N.|year=2000|title=Rapid Extinction of the Moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): Model, Test, and Implications|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|url=http://www.esf.edu/efb/gibbs/efb413/moa.pdf|volume=287|issue=5461|pages=2250–2254|doi=10.1126/science.287.5461.2250|pmid=10731144}}</ref> Mbibi nke abụọ mere mgbe e mesịrị na ebe obibi ndị Europe. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mmegbu gabigara ókè emeela ka echiche nke nkwụsi ike na mmepe na-aga n'ihu jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ pụta, nke wuru n'echiche ndị ọzọ, dị ka mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide, mmepe gburugburu ebe obibi, na gburugburu ebe obibi miri emi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Larkin|first=P. A.|year=1977|title=An epitaph for the concept of maximum sustained yield|journal=Transactions of the American Fisheries Society|volume=106|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1577/1548-8659(1977)106<1:AEFTCO>2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lubchenco|first=J.|year=1991|title=The Sustainable Biosphere Initiative: An ecological research agenda|journal=Ecology|volume=72|issue=2|pages=371–412|doi=10.2307/2937183|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/5fc6c5976fe330785dd48248ba53d6d6b5e83d78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Lee|first=K. N.|year=2001|chapter=Sustainability, concept and practice of|editor=Levin|title=Encyclopedia of Biodiversity|pages=553–568|publisher=Academic Press|location=San Diego, CA|isbn=978-0-12-226864-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Naess|first=A.|year=1986|chapter=Intrinsic value: Will the defenders of nature please rise?|editor=Soulé|title=Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity|pages=153–181|publisher=Sinauer Associates|location=Sunderland, MA|isbn=978-0-87893-794-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|editor=Sessions|year=1995|title=Deep Ecology for the 21st Century: Readings on the Philosophy and Practice of the New Environmentalism|publisher=Shambala Books|location=Boston|isbn=978-1-57062-049-2}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Nkọwapụta == Mmegbu mmadụ n'ụzọ gabigara ókè anaghị eduga na mbibi nke akụ ahụ, ọ bụghịkwa ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide. Otú ọ dị, ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụ ahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe àgwà ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwụ ụkwụ bụ nkwụ ọhịa a na-ahụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. A na-eji akwụkwọ ya eme ihe maka ịcha ahịhịa na ikpuchi nri, na owuwe ihe ubi gabigara ókè emeela ka akwụkwọ ya dị ntakịrị. == Ọdachi nke ndị nkịtị ==   N'afọ 1968, akwụkwọ akụkọ Science bipụtara otu isiokwu nke Garrett Hardin dere nke isiokwu ya bụ "The Tragedy of the Commons".<ref name="hardin68">{{Cite journal|first=Garrett|author=Hardin|title=The Tragedy of the Commons|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1968-12-13_162_3859/page/1243|journal=Science|volume=162|issue=3859|year=1968|pages=1243–1248|doi=10.1126/science.162.3859.1243|pmid=5699198}} Also available at http://www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_tragedy_of_the_commons.html.</ref> Ọ dabeere n'ilu nke William Forster Lloyd bipụtara na 1833 iji kọwaa otú ndị mmadụ n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-eme ihe ọ bụla maka ọdịmma onwe ha nwere ike iji, ma bibie, akụ ha niile na-ekerịta. [peeji dị Lloyd kọwara ọnọdụ dị mfe dabere na ikike ala nke oge ochie na Europe.<ref name="Lloyd 1833">{{Cite book|title=Two Lectures on the Checks to Population|author=Lloyd|first=William Forster|publisher=Oxford University|year=1833|url=https://archive.org/details/twolecturesonch00lloygoog|accessdate=2016-03-13}}</ref> Ndị na-azụ anụ na-ekerịta ala nke onye nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ikike ịta ehi ha. N'isiokwu Hardin, ọ bụ maka ọdịmma nke onye ọ bụla na-azụ ehi ịta ehi ọhụrụ ọ bụla nke onye na-azụ ehi na-enweta n'ala nkịtị, ọ bụrụgodị na ikike ibu nke nkịtị karịrị, nke na-emebi ihe nkịtị maka ndị na-azụ ehi niile. Onye na-azụ anụ nwere mmasị onwe ya na-enweta uru niile nke inwe ehi ọzọ, ebe ndị na-azụ anụ niile na-ekerịta mmebi nke nkịtị. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-azụ anụ niile na-eru otu mkpebi ezi uche dị na ya ịzụta ehi ndị ọzọ ma na-ata ha nri na nkịtị, nke na-emesị bibie nkịtị. Hardin kwubiri:<blockquote> Ọdachi ahụ dị n'ime ya. A na-akpọchi nwoke ọ bụla n'ime usoro nke na-amanye ya ịbawanye ìgwè ehi ya n'enweghị oke - n'ime ụwa nke nwere oke. Mbibi bụ ebe mmadụ niile na-agba ọsọ, onye nke ọ bụla na-achụso mmasị ya na ọha mmadụ nke kwenyere na nnwere onwe nke obodo. Nnwere onwe n'ime obodo na-eweta mbibi nye mmadụ niile: 1244<ref name="hardin68"/>  </blockquote>N'ime edemede ya, Hardin na-emepe isiokwu ahụ, na-ese ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke obodo ikpeazụ, dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ mba, ikuku, oké osimiri, osimiri na azụ azụ. Ihe atụ nke azụ azụ mere ka ụfọdụ kpọọ nke a "ọdachi nke ndị na-akụ azụ̀".<ref>{{Cite book|first=Samuel|author=Bowles|title=Microeconomics: Behavior, Institutions, and Evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/microeconomicsbe00bowl|publisher=Princeton University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/microeconomicsbe00bowl/page/n41 27]–29|year=2004|isbn=978-0-691-09163-1}}</ref> Isi isiokwu na-aga n'ihu na edemede ahụ bụ uto nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na oke akụ na ụba nke [[Àlà|ụwa]] bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Ọdachi nke obodo nwere mgbọrọgwụ ọgụgụ isi na-esite na Aristotle, onye kwuru na "ihe a na-ahụkarị ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nwere nlekọta kacha nta e nyere ya", yana Hobbes na ''Leviathan'' ya.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ostrom|first=E.|year=1992|chapter=The rudiments of a theory of the origins, survival, and performance of common-property institutions|editor=Bromley|title=Making the Commons Work: Theory, Practice and Policy|url=https://archive.org/details/makingcommonswor0000unse_o8z9|location=San Francisco|publisher=ICS Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Feeny|first=D.|year=1990|title=The Tragedy of the Commons: Twenty-two years later|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-ecology-nl_1990-03_18_1/page/n65|journal=Human Ecology|volume=18|issue=1|pages=1–19|doi=10.1007/BF00889070|pmid=12316894}}</ref> A na-akpọ ọnọdụ dị iche na ọdachi nke obodo mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ọdachi nke ndị anticommons: ọnọdụ nke ndị nwere ezi uche, na-eme ihe iche iche, na-emefu ihe onwunwe site n'iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-abaghị uru. Enwere ike izere ọdachi nke obodo ma ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa ya n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị. A ghọtachọkarị ojiji Hardin ji "commons" mee ihe, nke mere ka Hardin kwuo na o kwesịrị ịkpọ ọrụ ya "Ọdachi nke obodo ndị a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fe20060726sh.html|title=Will commons sense dawn again in time?|work=The Japan Times Online}}</ref> == Ịzụ azụ == [[Usòrò:Bluefin-big.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|A na-eji tuna bluefin nke Atlantic eme ihe ugbu a. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na tọn 7,500 kwa afọ bụ oke na-adịgide adịgide, mana ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ na-aga n'ihu na-ewe tọn 60,000.]] N'ime azụmaahịa ọhịa, oke mmegbu ma ọ bụ oke azụ na-eme mgbe a na-akụ azụ̀ azụ "n'okpuru nha nke, na nkezi, ga-akwado ogologo oge kachasị mma nke azụmaahịa ahụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=NOAA fisheries glossary|url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/12856|accessdate=2021-06-13|work=repository.library.noaa.gov}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, mmegbu gabigara ókè nwere ike ịdịgide.<ref>[Source?]</ref> Mgbe azụmaahịa malitere iwepụta azụ site na azụmaahịa a na-ejighị n'oge gara aga, biomass nke azụmaahịa ahụ ga-ebelata, ebe ọ bụ na owuwe ihe ubi pụtara na a na-ewepụ azụ. Maka nkwụsi ike, ọnụego nke azụ na-ejupụta biomass site na mmeputakwa ga-edozi ọnụego nke azụ a na-ewe ihe ubi. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụego owuwe ihe ubi mụbara, mgbe ahụ, ngwaahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ Ihe ndị dị ndụ ga-ebelata. N'otu oge, a ga-enweta oke owuwe ihe ubi nke enwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe, na mgbalị ndị ọzọ iji mụbaa ọnụego owuwe ihe ubi ga-eme ka azụmaahịa ahụ daa. A na-akpọ isi ihe a oke mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide, na omume, na-emekarị mgbe azụ ahụ gbaturu ruo ihe dị ka pasentị atọ (30%) nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ o nwere tupu owuwe ihe ubi amalite. Enwere ike ịkụ azụ n'ihu, wee ruo pasentị iri na ise (15%) nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ tupu owuwe ihe ubi, wee gbanwee ọnụego owuwe ihe ubi ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ wee nọgide na ọkwa ahụ. N'okwu a, azụmaahịa ahụ na-adịgide adịgide, mana ugbu a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, n'ihi na ngwaahịa ahụ agbadaala ruo n'ókè ebe mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide dị ala karịa ka ọ nwere ike ịbụ. A na-ekwu na azụ "na-ada" ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ ha na-ebelata site na ihe karịrị pasent 95 nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ha. A na-eji oke cod nke Atlantic eme ihe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'afọ 1970s nakwa 1980s, na-eduga na ọdịda ha na mberede n'afọ 1992.<ref name="Frank">{{Cite journal|author=Kenneth T. Frank|year=2005|title=Trophic Cascades in a Formerly Cod-Dominated Ecosystem|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2005-06-10_308_5728/page/1621|journal=Science|volume=308|pages=1621–1623|doi=10.1126/science.1113075|pmid=15947186|issue=5728}}</ref> N'agbanyeghi na ịkụ azụ akwụsịla, azụ ndị ahụ a ka nwetabeghị onwe ha.<ref name="Frank" /> Enweghị cod dị ka onye na-eri anụ n'ọtụtụ ebe emeela ka trophic cascades.<ref name="Frank" /> Ihe dị ka 25% nke azụmaahịa ụwa na-ejizi oke njọ ruo n'ókè ebe biomass ha dị ugbu a dị ala karịa ọkwa nke na-eme ka mkpụrụ ha na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Grafton|first=RQ|year=2007|title=Economics of Overexploitation Revisited|journal=Science|volume=318|issue=5856|doi=10.1126/science.1146017|pmid=18063793}}</ref> Azụ azụ ndị a na-agwụ agwụ nwere ike ịgbake ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ebelata nrụgide azụmaahịa ruo mgbe biomass ngwaahịa laghachiri na biomass kachasị mma. N'oge a, enwere ike ịmaliteghachi owuwe ihe ubi na nso oke mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rosenberg|first=AA|year=2003|title=Managing to the margins: the overexploitation of fisheries|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|volume=1|issue=2|pages=102–106|doi=10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0102:MTTMTO]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Enwere ike izere ọdachi nke obodo n'ime ọnọdụ azụmaahịa ma ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa mgbalị na omume azụmaahịa n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị site na njikwa azụmaahịa. Otu ụzọ dị irè nwere ike ịbụ ikenye ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe n'ụdị ọnụọgụ nke onye ọ bụla (ITQs) nye ndị ọkụ azụ. N'afọ 2008, nnukwu nnyocha banyere azụmaahịa nke jiri ITQs, na ndị na-emeghị ya, nyere ihe akaebe siri ike na ITQs na-enyere aka igbochi ọdịda ma weghachite azụmaahịa nke yiri ka ọ na-ada ada.<ref>[https://www.newscientist.com/channel/earth/dn14762-guaranteed-fish-quotas-halt-commercial-freeforall.html New Scientist: Guaranteed fish quotas halt commercial free-for-all]</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/science/displayStory.cfm?source=hptextfeature&story_id=12253181 A Rising Tide: Scientists find proof that privatising fishing stocks can avert a disaster] The Economist, 18th Sept, 2008.</ref> == Ngwongwo mmiri ==   [[Usòrò:PeakWaterAquifer.PNG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Imegbu oke mmiri dị n'ime ala site na mmiri nwere ike ime ka mmiri dị elu.<ref name="Palaniappan2008">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldwater.org/data20082009/ch01.pdf|title=The World's Water 2008-2009, Ch 1.|publisher=[[Pacific Institute]]|author=Meena Palaniappan|year=2008|accessdate=2009-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320104604/http://www.worldwater.org/data20082009/ch01.pdf|archivedate=2009-03-20}}</ref>]] Ngwongwo mmiri, dị ka ọdọ mmiri na mmiri mmiri, na-abụkarị ihe ndị a na-emegharị emegharị nke na-agbanyeghachi (a na-eji okwu mmiri fossil mgbe ụfọdụ akọwa mmiri mmiri nke na-adịghị ebugharị). Mmegbu gabigara ókè na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na a na-egwupụta ma ọ bụ wepụ ihe onwunwe mmiri, dị ka Ogallala Aquifer, na ọnụego nke karịrị ọnụego mgbapụta, ya bụ, na ọnụego nke karịrị mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide. Ntughari na-esitekarị na iyi mpaghara, osimiri na ọdọ mmiri. A na-ekwu na a na-agbanye mmiri mmiri nke ejirila mee ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ gwụ. Ọhịa na-eme ka mmiri na-agbanyeghachi na mpaghara ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na n'ozuzu ọhịa bụ isi iyi nke nkwụsị mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrm.org.uy/deforestation/UNreport.html|title=Underlying Causes of Deforestation: UN Report|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010411092448/http://wrm.org.uy/deforestation/UNreport.html|archivedate=2001-04-11}}</ref><ref name="Conrad2008">{{Cite web|url=http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/byauthor/244797|author=Conrad|first=C.|title=Forests of eucalyptus shadowed by questions|date=2008-06-21|work=[[Arizona Daily Star]]|accessdate=2010-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206103926/http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/byauthor/244797|archivedate=2008-12-06}}</ref> Mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma nwere ike imetọ ya site na ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka nitrates, ma ọ bụ mebie ya na-adịgide adịgide site na ọdịda ala ma ọ bụ site na ntinye saline site n'oké osimiri. Nke a na-eme ka ọtụtụ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala n'ụwa ghọọ akụ na ụba na arụmụka ojiji kachasị elu yiri mmanụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uswaternews.com/archives/arcsupply/6worllarg2.html|title=World's largest aquifer going dry|date=February 2006|publisher=U.S. Water News Online|accessdate=2010-12-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060913031104/http://www.uswaternews.com/archives/arcsupply/6worllarg2.html|archivedate=2006-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2005/Update47_data.htm|title=Disappearing Lakes, Shrinking Seas: Selected Examples|author=Larsen|first=J.|publisher=Earth Policy Institute|date=2005-04-07|accessdate=2009-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903213215/http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2005/Update47_data.htm|archivedate=2006-09-03}}</ref> Arụmụka ndị a na-agbakarị gburugburu ọrụ ugbo na iji mmiri eme ihe n'ime obodo mana mmepụta ọkụ eletrik site na ike nuklia ma ọ bụ coal na tar sands mining bụkwa mmiri siri ike. A gbanwere oghere Hubbert na-emetụta akụ ọ bụla nwere ike iwepụta ngwa ngwa karịa ka enwere ike dochie ya.<ref name="Palaniappan2008">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldwater.org/data20082009/ch01.pdf|title=The World's Water 2008-2009, Ch 1.|publisher=[[Pacific Institute]]|author=Meena Palaniappan|year=2008|accessdate=2009-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320104604/http://www.worldwater.org/data20082009/ch01.pdf|archivedate=2009-03-20}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na nyocha mbụ nke Hubbert etinyeghị aka na akụ na ụba a na-emegharị emegharị, mmegbu ha nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu dị ka Hubbert. Nke a emeela ka e nwee echiche nke mmiri kachasị elu. == Ihe onwunwe ọhịa == [[Usòrò:Gordon_River_Clearcut.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Igbutu oke ọhịa ochie na Canada.]] A na-eji ọhịa eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè mgbe a na-egbutu ha n'ọsọ ngwa ngwa karịa ka a na-eweghachi osisi. Iweghachite ọhịa na-asọ mpi na ojiji ala ndị ọzọ dị ka mmepụta nri, ịta anụ ụlọ, na ebe obibi maka uto akụ na ụba. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, iji ngwaahịa ọhịa eme ihe, gụnyere osisi na osisi mmanụ, arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na ọha mmadụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọrụ nke mmiri na ala a na-akọ. Taa, mba ndị mepere emepe na-anọgide na-eji osisi arụ ụlọ, na osisi pulp maka akwụkwọ. Na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ijeri mmadụ atọ na-adabere na osisi maka ikpo ọkụ na isi nri. Uru akụ na ụba dị mkpụmkpụ nke a na-enweta site na ịtụgharị ọhịa gaa na ọrụ ugbo, ma ọ bụ iji ngwaahịa osisi eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, na-edugakarị n'efu ego ogologo oge na mmepụta ihe dị ogologo oge. Ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, [[Madagascar]], Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na ọtụtụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ enwetala ego dị ala n'ihi oke mmegbu na mbelata nke owuwe ihe ubi osisi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0905.htm|title=Destruction of Renewable Resources}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Biodiversity == [[Usòrò:Maldivesfish2.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ndụ mmiri bi na coral reefs na-adọta ndị bioprospectors. A na-eji ọtụtụ coral reefs eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè; iyi egwu gụnyere Ngwuputa coral, cyanide na ịkụ azụ, na ịkụ azụ n'ozuzu ya.]] Mmegbu gabigara ókè bụ otu n'ime ihe egwu kachasị egwu maka ụdị ndụ dị iche iche n'ụwa.<ref name="Wilcoveetal"/> Egwu ndị ọzọ gụnyere mmetọ, ụdị ndị e webatara na ndị na-awakpo, nkewa ebe obibi, mbibi ebe obibi, ngwakọta na-achịkwaghị achịkwa, mgbanwe ihu igwe, acidification nke oké osimiri<ref name="Mora">{{Cite journal|author=Mora|first=C.|title=Biotic and Human Vulnerability to Projected Changes in Ocean Biogeochemistry over the 21st Century|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=11|issue=10|pages=e1001682|year=2013|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001682|pmid=24143135}}</ref> na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala n'azụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a, oke mmadụ.<ref name="Wilcoveetal" /><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83|title=Extinction by Hybridization and Introgression|year=1996|author=Rhymer|first=Judith M.|journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics|volume=27|pages=83–109}}</ref><ref name="Kannan2009">{{Cite journal|author=Kannan|first=R.|title=Effects of climate change on global biodiversity: a review of key literature|journal=Tropical Ecology|volume=50|issue=1|pages=31–39|date=2009|issn=0564-3295|url=http://www.tropecol.com/pdf/open/PDF_50_1/05Kannan.pdf|accessdate=2014-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dumont|first=E.|year=2012|title=Estimated impact of global population growth on future wilderness extent.|journal=[[Earth System Dynamics Discussions]]|volume=3|issue=1|pages=433–452|doi=10.5194/esdd-3-433-2012}}</ref> Otu n'ime isi okwu ahụike metụtara ụdị ndụ dị iche iche bụ nchọpụta ọgwụ na nnweta ọgwụ.<ref>(2006) "Molecular Pharming" GMO Compass Retrieved November 5, 2009, From {{Cite web|url=http://www.gmocompass.org/eng/search/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2010-02-04|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130503025248/http://www.gmocompass.org/eng/search/|archivedate=2013-05-03}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọgwụ bụ ngwaahịa sitere n'okike sitere, kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè, site na isi mmalite. Ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri nwere mmasị karịsịa na nke a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Roopesh|first=J.|year=2008|title=Marine organisms: Potential Source for Drug Discovery|journal=Current Science|volume=94|issue=3|pages=292|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/feb102008/292a.pdf}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, nyocha bioprospecting na-enweghị nchịkwa na nke na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nwere ike ibute oke mmegbu, mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnwụ nke ihe dị iche iche.<ref name="Dhillion">{{Cite journal|title=Bioprospecting: Effects on Environment and Development|url=https://archive.org/details/ambio_2002-09_31_6/page/491|journal=[[AMBIO]]|date=September 2002|first=S. S.|author=Dhillion|volume=31|issue=6|pages=491–493|doi=10.1639/0044-7447(2002)031[0491:beoead]2.0.co;2|pmid=12436849}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cole|first=Andrew|year=2005|title=Looking for new compounds in sea is endangering ecosystem|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_2005-06-11_330_7504/page/1350|journal=[[British Medical Journal|BMJ]]|volume=330|issue=7504|pages=1350|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7504.1350-d|pmid=15947392}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cohabnet.org/en_issue4.htm|title=COHAB Initiative - on Natural Products and Medicinal Resources|publisher=Cohabnet.org|accessdate=2009-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025100247/http://cohabnet.org/en_issue4.htm|archivedate=2017-10-25}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ == [[Usòrò:Overgrazing.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ mmadụ na-eji ihe onwunwe eme ihe. Anụmanụ obodo nwere ike ịkpata oke ịta nri, dị ka egosiri na elu aka nri. Otú ọ dị, mmegbu mmadụ n'oge gara aga (na-eduga n'iwepụ ụfọdụ ndị na-eri anụ) nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ọnọdụ ahụ.]] Ihe niile dị ndụ chọrọ ihe onwunwe iji dị ndụ. Imegbu ihe onwunwe ndị a ruo ogologo oge nwere ike ime ka akụ ndị sitere n'okike gwụ ruo n'ókè ebe ha na-enweghị ike ịgbake n'ime obere oge. Ụmụ mmadụ na-aghọrọ nri na ihe ndị ọzọ ha chọrọ iji dị ndụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, dị obere, na usoro nchịkọta na-ejedebe na obere ọnụ ọgụgụ. Site na mmụba dị ukwuu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ịgbasa ahịa na mmụba nke mkpa, tinyere ohere dị mma na usoro maka njide, na-akpata mmegbu nke ọtụtụ ụdị karịa ọkwa na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>Redford 1992, Fitzgibon ''et al.'' 1995, Cuarón 2001.</ref> N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị irè, ọ bụrụ na a gaa n'ihu, ọ na-ebelata akụ bara uru ruo ọkwa dị ala nke na mmegbu ha anaghịzi adịgide adịgide adịgide ma nwee ike ibute mkpochapụ nke ụdị, na mgbakwunye na inwe mmetụta dị egwu, nke a na-atụghị anya ya, na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Frankham|first=R.|year=2002|title=Introduction to Conservation Genetics|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoco0000fran_d4g8|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-63014-6}}</ref> Mmegbu na-emekarị ngwa ngwa ka ahịa na-emeghe, na-eji ihe ndị a na-ejighị eme ihe, ma ọ bụ ụdị eji eme ihe na mpaghara. [[Usòrò:Conuropsis_carolinensisAWP026AA2.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|A chụrụ parakeet Carolina ka ọ laa n'iyi.]] Taa, mmegbu na iji akụ na ụba eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi bụ ihe iyi egwu na-adị mgbe niile maka akụnụba ụdị. Nke a juru ebe niile mgbe ị na-ele gburugburu ebe obibi agwaetiti na ụdị ndị bi na ha, dịka a pụrụ ile agwaetiti anya dị ka ụwa dị ntakịrị. Ndị bi n'àgwàetiti na-enwekarị ike ịla n'iyi site na mmegbu, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-adịkarị na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ịmụ nwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dowding|first=J. E.|year=2001|title=The Impact of Predation be Introduced Mammals on Endemic Shorebirds in New Zealand: A Conservation Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_2001-05_99_1/page/47|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=99|issue=1|pages=47–64|doi=10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00187-7}}</ref> Ezi ihe atụ nke a bụ ụgbụ agwaetiti, dị ka Hawaiian ''Achatinella'' na French Polynesian ''Partula'' . Achatinelline snails nwere ụdị iri na ise edepụtara dị ka ndị nwụrụ anwụ na 24 dị oke egwu ebe a na-ewere ụdị 60 nke partulidae dị ka ndị nwụrụ anwụ na 14 edepụtara dị ka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IUCN Red List|year=2003b|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?freetext=Achatinella&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B%5D=allex&country%5B%5D=all&aquatic%5B%5D=all&regions%5B%5D=all&habitats%5B%5D=all&threats%5B%5D=all&Submit.x=97&Submit.y=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IUCN Red List|year=2003c|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?freetext=Partula&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B%5D=allex&country%5B%5D=all&aquatic%5B%5D=all&regions%5B%5D=all&habitats%5B%5D=all&threats%5B%5D=all&Submit.x=95&Submit.y=4|accessdate=9 December 2003}}</ref> WCMC ekwuola na nchịkọta karịrị akarị na obere ndụ ndụ maka oke nsogbu gosipụtara n'etiti ụdị ndị a.<ref>WCMC. (1992). McComb, J., Groombridge, B., Byford, E., Allan, C., Howland, J., Magin, C., Smith, H., Greenwood, V. and Simpson, L. (1992). World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Chapman and Hall.</ref> Dị ka ihe atụ ọzọ, mgbe e webatara hedgehog dị umeala n'obi n'àgwàetiti Scotland nke Uist, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya mụbara nke ukwuu ma were na-eri ma na-erigara àkwá shorebird eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, na-akpata nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ha. A na-emetụta ụdị avifauna iri na abụọ, ebe a na-ebelata ụfọdụ ụdị ọnụ ọgụgụ site na 39%.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jackson|first=D. B.|title=Long-term Population Changes Among Breeding Shorebirds in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, In Relation to Introduced Hedgehogs (''Erinaceus europaeus'')|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_2004-05_117_2/page/151|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=117|issue=2|year=2004|pages=151–166|doi=10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00289-1}}</ref> N'ebe enwere nnukwu mbugharị mmadụ, ọgba aghara obodo, ma ọ bụ agha, njikwa nwere ike ọ gaghịzi adị. Site na ọgba aghara obodo, dịka ọmụmaatụ na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] na [[Rwanda]], égbè aghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị na mmebi nke netwọk nkesa nri na mba ndị dị otú ahụ na-ahapụ akụ na ụba nke gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jones|first=R. F.|year=1990|title=Farewell to Africa|journal=Audubon|volume=92|pages=1547–1551}}</ref> A na-egbu ọbụna ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ma ọ bụ naanị iji kpasuo gọọmentị iwe. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnukwu primates, dị ka gorilla na chimpanzees, ungulates na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, nwere ike belata site na 80% ma ọ bụ karịa site na ịchụ nta, a pụkwara iwepụ ụfọdụ ụdị kpamkpam.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wilkie|first=D. S.|year=1999|title=Bushmeat hunting in the Congo Basin: An assessment of impacts and options for migration|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|volume=8|issue=7|pages=927–955|doi=10.1023/A:1008877309871}}</ref> A na-akpọ mbelata a nsogbu anụ ọhịa. === Vertebrates === Mmegbu gabigara ókè na-eyi otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke vertebrates nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, yana ìgwè ndị ọzọ. Ewezuga azụ a na-eri eri, azụmahịa iwu na-akwadoghị nke anụ ọhịa dị ijeri $ 10 kwa afọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka nke a gụnyere ahia anụ ọhịa, ahia ọgwụ ndị China, na ahia ajị anụ.<ref>Hemley 1994.</ref> E guzobere Convention for International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, ma ọ bụ CITES iji chịkwaa ma chịkwaa ahia nke anụmanụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ọ na-echebe ugbu a, ruo n'ókè dịgasị iche iche, ihe dị ka ụdị anụmanụ na osisi 33,000. A na-eme atụmatụ na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke vertebrates nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na United States of America na ọkara nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ bụ n'ihi oke mmegbu.<ref name="Wilcoveetal"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Primack|first=R. B.|year=2002|title=Essentials of Conservation Biology|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialsofcons0000prim_n7h6|edition=3rd|location=Sunderland|publisher=Sinauer Associates|isbn=978-0-87893-719-6}}</ref> ==== Nnụnụ ==== N'ozuzu ya, ụdị nnụnụ iri ise nke na-apụ n'anya kemgbe 1500 (ihe dị ka 40% nke ngụkọta) anọwo n'okpuru mmegbu, gụnyere:<ref>The LUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2009).</ref> * Nnukwu Auk - nnụnụ yiri penguin nke ugwu, a chụrụ ya maka ajị anụ ya, anụ, abụba na mmanụ ya. * Carolina parakeet - A na-achụ naanị ụdị parrot nke sitere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ United States, maka nchedo ihe ọkụkụ na ajị anụ ya. ==== Ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara ==== * Azụmahịa mba ụwa na ajị anụ: chinchilla, vicuña, nnukwu otter na ọtụtụ ụdị nwamba ==== Azụ̀ ==== * Aquarium hobbyists: azụ ebe okpomọkụ ==== Dị iche iche ==== * Anụmanụ ọhụrụ: agwọ, parrots, primates na nnukwu nwamba<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rspca.org.uk/documents/1494939/7712578/The+Exotic+Pet-demic%3A+UK%27s+ticking+timebomb+exposed.pdf/075754a7-fa68-f9bf-66b4-ccb0d559db28?t=1631617196174|title=THE EXOTIC PET-DEMIC/UK’S TICKING TIMEBOMB EXPOSED|date=September 2021|publisher=[[Born Free Foundation]] and the [[Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]]}}</ref> * Ọgwụ ndị China: anụ ọhịa bea, agụ, rhinos, ịnyịnya mmiri, anụ ọhịa bea ojii nke Eshia na anụ ọhịa saiga<ref>{{Cite news|author=Collins|first=Nick|title=Chinese medicines contain traces of endangered animals|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/men_shealth/9200397/Chinese-medicines-contain-traces-of-endangered-animals.html|publisher=Telegraph|date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627063408/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/men_shealth/9200397/Chinese-medicines-contain-traces-of-endangered-animals.html|archive-date=2012-06-27|access-date=2022-04-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Invertebrates === * Ndị na-anakọta ụmụ ahụhụ: butterflies * Ndị na-anakọta okpokoro: Marine molluscs === Ihe ọkụkụ === * Horticulturists: New Zealand mistletoe (''Trilepidea adamsii''), orchids, cacti na ọtụtụ ụdị osisi ndị ọzọ {{Clear}} == Mmetụta Cascade == [[Usòrò:Kelp_forest.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Imegbu oke osimiri kpatara mmetụta cascade nke bibiri oke ọhịa kelp.]] Imegbu oke nke ụdị nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ịkụ aka ma ọ bụ cascade. Nke a nwere ike itinye aka karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na, site na mmegbu, ebe obibi na-efunahụ onye na-eri anụ ya. N'ihi ọnwụ nke anụ ọhịa kachasị elu, mmụba dị egwu n'ụdị anụ ha nwere ike ime. N'aka nke ya, anụ a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nwere ike iji ihe oriri nke aka ha mee ihe ruo mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ belatara, ma eleghị anya ruo n'ókè nke ịla n'iyi. Ihe atụ zuru oke nke mmetụta cascade mere na oke osimiri. Malite tupu narị afọ nke iri na asaa ma ghara ịkwụsị ya ruo n'afọ 1911, a na-achụ nta oke osimiri n'ike n'ike maka akpụkpọ anụ ha na-ekpo ọkụ ma baa uru, nke nwere ike iru $ 2500 US. Nke a kpatara mmetụta cascade site na kelp ọhịa ecosystems tinyere Pacific Coast nke North America.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Estes|first=J. A.|year=1989|title=The ecology of extinctions in kelp forest communities|journal=Conservation Biology|volume=3|issue=3|pages=251–264|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.1989.tb00085.x|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1230655}}</ref> Otu n'ime isi nri nke oke osimiri bụ oke osimiri. Mgbe ndị na-achụ nta mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ otter nke oké osimiri belata, ntọhapụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ urchin oké osimiri mere. Ndị urchins nke oké osimiri na-ejizi isi nri ha, kelp, na-emepụta urchin barrens, ebe ndị dị n'ala oké osimiri na-enweghị kelp, mana e tinyere urchins. N'ịbụ onye na-enweghịzi nri ọ ga-eri, oke osimiri ahụ gbanyụkwara n'ógbè ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na oke ọhịa kelp bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ, ọnwụ nke kelp kpatara mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke nkwụsị nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dayton|first=P. K.|year=1998|title=Sliding baselines, ghosts, and reduced expectations in kelp forest communities|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ecological-applications_1998-05_8_2/page/309|journal=Ecol. Appl.|volume=8|issue=2|pages=309–322|doi=10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0309:SBGARE]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> N'afọ 1911, mgbe naanị otu obere ìgwè nke oke osimiri iri atọ na abụọ lanarịrị n'ime oke osimiri dịpụrụ adịpụ, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa iji gbochie mmegbu ọzọ nke oke osimiri. N'okpuru nchebe siri ike, otters mụbara ma jupụta ebe ndị ahụ gwụrụ, nke ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbakee. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata nke azụ azụ, ọzọ n'ihi oke mmegbu, egbu egbu egbu enweela ụkọ nri ma hụla ya ka ọ na-eri anụ ọhịa oké osimiri, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ha ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Krebs|first=C. J.|year=2001|title=Ecology|url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyexperimen0000kreb|edition=5th|location=San Francisco|publisher=Benjamin Cummings|isbn=978-0-321-04289-7}}</ref> == Leekwa ==   == Ebenside == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ịgụgụ ọzọ == * FAO (2005) [https://books.google.com/books?id=sZiFyqG9Wx8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=overexploitation+fisheries&num=100&ei=E5liS7viNKHGMrXUpeIN&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Imeri ihe ndị na-adịghị adịgide adịgide na mmegbu na azụmaahịa] akụkọ azụmaahịa 782, Rome.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-92-5-105449-9|978-92-5-105449-9]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tiiwsl4yaumf93p98xq7b5enjkoacep 0 13359 728410 723854 2026-09-27T05:39:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Taiwo Micheal Awoniyi''' (bu onye a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 12 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1997) bụ [[Footbọl|onye egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Naịjirịa nke na-agbara otu Bundesliga Union Berlin nakwa [[Nigeria national football team|ndị otu]] mba Naịjirịa bọọlụ. == Ọrụ klọb == === Mmalite ọrụ === N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara Awoniyi ka ọ bụrụ onye egwuregwu kacha baa uru na asọmpi bọọlụ Coca-Cola na [[London]]. Seyi Olofinjana hụrụ arụmọrụ ya na asọmpi ahụ bụ onye kpọrọ ya ka ọ sonye na Imperial Soccer Academy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/11/beat-taiwo-awoniyi-discourage-football-dad/|title=I beat Taiwo Awoniyi to discourage him from football – Dad|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=10 November 2013|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> === Obodo Liverpool === N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2015, Awoniyi bịanyere aka na klọb Liverpool nke England maka ego ruru £ 400,000 mana a gbazinyere ya ozugbo na ndị otu FSV Frankfurt nke Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/aug/31/liverpool-nigeria-taiwo-awoniyi-frankfurt|title=Liverpool sign 18-year-old Nigeria forward Taiwo Awoniyi|work=[[The Guardian]]|author=Press Association|date=31 August 2015|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34128265|title=Taiwo Awoniyi: Youngster tipped to do well at Liverpool|date=2 September 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 August 2019|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji}}</ref> ==== Mbinye na FSV Frankfurt na NEC ==== Awoniyi mere nke mbụ ya na Frankfurt dị ka onye nnọchi anya na egwuregwu iko German megide Hertha Berlin . Mgbe a kpọchara ya aha dị ka onye nnọchi anya maka egwuregwu isii, o mere nke mbụ ya na 19 Febụwarị 2016, na-egwu nkeji 89 megide FC St. Pauli .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.soccernet.com.ng/2016/02/liverpools-awoniyi-makes-league-debut.html|title=Liverpool's Awoniyi makes League Debut In Germany|work=Soccernet|date=19 February 2016|accessdate=19 February 2016|archive-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207010944/https://www.soccernet.com.ng/2016/02/liverpools-awoniyi-makes-league-debut.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Awoniyi dara na Frankfurt, ọ laghachikwara Liverpool na njedebe nke oge ahụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, ndị otu NEC nke Dutch kwadoro na Awoniyi esonyela ha na mbinye ebinyere ha ogologo oge ma a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-esonyere ndị otu ahụ n'izu na-esonụ mgbe emechara akwụkwọ ikike ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nec-nijmegen.nl/2016/08/n-e-c-huurt-aanvaller-taiwo-awoniyi/|title=NEC hires striker Taiwo Awoniyi|work=NEC|date=26 August 2016|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Septemba, o mere Eredivisie mbụ ya na mmeri 4-0 nke NEC na PSV Eindhoven, Michael Heinloth nọchiri ya na nkeji iri asaa na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sports.nigeriannation.com/2016/09/10/nwakaeme-hits-hat-trick-enyeama-concedes-four-awoniyi-makes-nec-debut/|title=Nwakaeme Hits Hat-trick, Enyeama Concedes Four, Awoniyi Makes NEC Debut|work=Nigerian Nation|author=Johnny Edward|date=10 September 2016|accessdate=11 September 2016|archive-date=11 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911050652/http://sports.nigeriannation.com/2016/09/10/nwakaeme-hits-hat-trick-enyeama-concedes-four-awoniyi-makes-nec-debut/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Na NEC, onye Naijiria ahụ nwetara ọkwa nke abụọ ya n'usoro, ebe a chụpụrụ ya na Eredivisie n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2175441-nec-degradeert-na-forse-nederlaag-tegen-nac.html/|title=NEC degradeert na forse nederlaag tegen NAC|date=28 May 2017|work=nos.nl|accessdate=6 February 2018}}</ref> ==== Mbinye nye ndị Mouscron na Gent ==== N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2017, Awoniyi hapụrụ NEC wee sonye na klọb Belgium Royal Excel Mouscron na mgbazinye ego ogologo oge, wee mee nke mbụ ya na 12 Ọgọstụ mgbe ọ malitere egwuregwu ahụ megide KSC Lokeren, na-enye goolu n'ime nkeji iri abụọ na atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisisanfield.com/2017/08/productive-weekend-liverpool-loanees-taiwo-awoniyi-scores-mouscron-debut/|title=Liverpool loanee celebrates birthday with debut goal|date=13 August 2017|work=thisisanfield.com|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref> Na 17 Julaị 2018, Awoniyi bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ ogologo oge na Liverpool, na 23 Julaị mechie mgbazinye ego ogologo oge na klọb Belgium ọzọ, Gent .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/307427-taiwo-awoniyi-new-contract-liverpool|title=Taiwo Awoniyi signs new Liverpool deal|first=James|author=Carroll|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|date=17 July 2018|accessdate=23 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/308567-taiwo-awoniyi-loan-genk|title=Taiwo Awoniyi seals loan switch to KAA Gent|first=James|author=Carroll|publisher=Liverpool F.C.|date=23 July 2018|accessdate=23 July 2018}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2019, a mara ọkwa na ego mgbazinye ya na Gent dị mkpụmkpụ, a gbazinyere Awoniyi na Mouscron ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Taiwo Awoniyi joins Mouscron on loan|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/333718-taiwo-awoniyi-liverpool-mouscron-loan|work=Liverpool FC}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel, o kwuru na mgba ya iji nweta akwụkwọ ikike ọrụ UK nwere ike ịkwụsị ọrụ Liverpool ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47776255|title=Taiwo Awoniyi: Nigerian admits work permit could derail Liverpool dream|date=1 April 2019|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 August 2019|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji}}</ref> ==== Mbinye Mainz 05 na Union Berlin ==== N'ụbọchị nke isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2019, Liverpool kwadoro na Awoniyi esonyela ndị otu Bundesliga Mainz 05 na mgbazinye ego ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/359490-taiwo-awoniyi-liverpool-mainz-loan|title=Taiwo Awoniyi joins Mainz on season-long loan deal|work=Liverpool FC}}</ref> Ọ nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na June 2020, mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnukwu ọgba aghara n'oge mmeri 1–0 nke FC Augsburg na league.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mainz's Liverpool loanee Awoniyi hospitalised with severe concussion|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mainzs-liverpool-loanee-awoniyi-poleaxed-during-german-league-150828650--sow.html|work=Yahoo Sports|accessdate=10 September 2020|date=14 June 2020|archivedate=18 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118201319/https://sports.yahoo.com/mainzs-liverpool-loanee-awoniyi-poleaxed-during-german-league-150828650--sow.html}}</ref> Na 19 Septemba 2020, Awoniyi hapụrụ maka mgbazinye ego nke asaa ya, na nke ugbu a, ọ sonyeere otu Bundesliga n'akụkụ Union Berlin maka otu afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taiwo Awoniyi arrives in Köpenick|url=https://www.fc-union-berlin.de/en/union-live/latest-news/professional/Taiwo-Awoniyi-arrives-in-Koepenick-553k/|publisher=Union Berlin|accessdate=19 September 2020|language=en|date=19 September 2020}}</ref> === Union Berlin === Na 20 ọnwa Julaị 2021, Awoniyi sonyeere Union Berlin, na nke ugbu a na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Taiwo Awoniyi joins Union Berlin in permanent move|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/438414-taiwo-awoniyi-joins-union-berlin-in-permanent-move|accessdate=20 July 2021|work=Liverpool FC|date=20 July 2021}}</ref> A kọrọ na klọb German ahụ kwụrụ nde £ 6.5 maka onye na-aga n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jones|first=Neil|title=Liverpool striker Awoniyi completes £6.5m Union Berlin transfer {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/liverpool-striker-awoniyi-completes-65m-union-berlin/1lb7vkl5nk1qt1405ljsvjttv8|accessdate=20 July 2021|work=www.goal.com|date=20 July 2021}}</ref> Liverpool ekwuputala okwu maka pasent iri nke ire ere na nkwekọrịta a.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pearce|first=James|title=Liverpool agree deals to sell Marko Grujic and Taiwo Awoniyi|url=https://theathletic.com/news/liverpool-agree-deals-to-sell-marko-grujic-and-taiwo-awoniyi/r6aaTNRjuNQn|accessdate=21 July 2021|work=The Athletic|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Awoniyi nọchitere anya Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup wee gaa n'ihu merie asọmpi ahụ, na-enye goolu anọ n'oge asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/taiwo-awoniyi-the-new-bride-of-european-clubs/213228/|title=Taiwo Awoniyi: The New Bride of European Clubs|work=[[Thisday]]|date=27 June 2015|accessdate=7 September 2015|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907093230/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/taiwo-awoniyi-the-new-bride-of-european-clubs/213228|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ nọchikwara anya Naịjirịa na 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup na New Zealand mgbe o meriri 2015 African U-20 Championship na [[Senegal]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=friday-nigerian-group-go-for-daring-double-2602976.html|title=Nigeria set sights on daring double|work=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]]|date=8 May 2015|accessdate=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706114422/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=friday-nigerian-group-go-for-daring-double-2602976.html|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2015, o nyere goolu na nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Nigeria U-23 na egwuregwu ha na Zambia, ka ndị otu ya gara n'ihu iru eru maka 2015 All African Games .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/150412/Nigeria_U23s_qualify_for_AAG|title=Awoniyi brace catapults Nigeria U23|work=[[SuperSports]]|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=12 April 2015|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Naịjirịa họpụtara ya maka ndị otu ha dị mmadụ iri atọ na ise maka 2016 Summer Olympics .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763|title=Kelechi Iheanacho included in Nigeria's Olympics squad|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=25 June 2016|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Gernot Rohr họpụtara ya na ngwụsị afọ 2021 ka ọ nọchite anya Naịjirịa na 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, na-eme nke mbụ ya na mmeri 1–0 ha meriri Central African Republic .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-08|title=Taiwo Awoniyi makes Super Eagles debut in Nigeria’s 1-0 loss to CAR|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/taiwo-awoniyi-makes-super-eagles-debut-in-nigerias-1-0-loss-to-car/l97h86n|accessdate=2021-10-17|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> A họpụtara Awoniyi ka ọ nọchite anya Naịjirịa na AFCON 2021 ebe o duuru ndị Naịjirịa n'asọmpi ahụ niile.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afcon 2021: Iheanacho and Awoniyi lead Nigeria attack against Egypt {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-tza/lists/afcon-2021-iheanacho-and-awoniyi-lead-nigeria-attack-against/bltb9e0def1e14cdf09#cs96f201e0db807745|accessdate=2022-04-25|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> Naanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya n'oge asọmpi ahụ bịara na mmeri 3-1 nke otu megide Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Flood|first=George|date=2022-01-15|title=Nigeria 3-1 Sudan: Super Eagles cruise into AFCON last-16|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/nigeria-vs-sudan-afcon-2022-result-b976918.html|accessdate=2022-04-25|work=Evening Standard|language=en}}</ref> == Ụdị egwuregwu == E jiriwo ụdị egwuregwu Awoniyi tụnyere nke [[Rashidi Yekini]], onye goolu kachasị elu na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/s/en-ng/news/4082/editorial/2015/03/14/9776762/taiwo-awoniyi-the-youngster-looking-to-fill-rashidi-yekinis|title=TAIWO AWONIYI: THE YOUNGSTER LOOKING TO FILL RASHIDI YEKINI'S BIG VOID|work=Goal.com|author=Solace Chukwu|date=14 March 2015|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ ya == Ọ lụrụ onye ọlụlụ ya Taiwo Jesudun na agbamakwụkwọ ọdịnala na Kabba na 15 June 2018, sochiri agbamakwụkwọ ọcha na 16 June na [[Ilorin]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/ex-golden-eaglet-taiwo-awoniyi-20-gets-married/|title=Ex-Golden Eaglet Taiwo Awoniyi, 20, Gets Married|work=Complete Sport Nigeria|date=17 June 2018|accessdate=16 July 2018|archive-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194705/https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/ex-golden-eaglet-taiwo-awoniyi-20-gets-married/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Liverpool |2015–16 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |FSV Frankfurt (loan) |2015–16 |2. Bundesliga |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |1 |- |NEC (loan) |2016–17 |Eredivisie |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3[lower-alpha 1] |1 |22 |3 |- |Mouscron (loan) |2017–18 |Nkebi nke mbụ nke Belgium A |27 |7 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |2[lower-alpha 2] |2 |31 |10 |- |Gent (loan) |2018–19 |Nkebi nke mbụ nke Belgium A |16 |0 |2 |2 |4[lower-alpha 3] |1 | colspan="2" | - |22 |3 |- |Mouscron (loan) |2018–19 |Nkebi nke mbụ nke Belgium A |9 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |7[lower-alpha 2] |4 |16 |11 |- |Mainz 05 (loan) |2019–20 |Bundesliga |12 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |12 |1 |- |Union Berlin (loan) |2020–21 |Bundesliga |21 |5 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |5 |- |Union Berlin |2021–22 |Bundesliga |31 |15 |4 |1 |8[lower-alpha 4] |4 | colspan="2" | - |43 |20 |- ! colspan="3" |Ngụkọta ọrụ !147 !38 !11 !4 !12 !5 !12 !7 !182 !54 |}   == Nsọpụrụ na Nkwanye ugwu == '''Naijiria U17''' * FIFA U-17 World Cup: 2013 '''Naijiria U20''' * African U-20 Championship: 2015 == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rcec7ds8pj2px5ek5sskayh6o1tekfl 0 13378 728244 93214 2026-09-26T15:50:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Onome Akinbode-James''' (ka amụrụ na Machị 9, 2000) bụ onye egwuregwu basketball nke Naijiria. Ọ nọchitere anya [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship for Women . Ọ na-egwu basketball kọleji maka otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Duke Blue Devils .<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2019/01/onome-akinbode-james-duke-womens-basketball-blair-academy-nigeria|title=Four years ago, Onome Akinbode-James was not a basketball player. Now, she's starting for Duke.|work=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/high-school/girls-basketball/recruiting/player/_/id/225975<|title=2022 High School Girls' Basketball Recruiting Prospects - ESPN}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == Onome bụ (amụrụ na Machị 9, 2000) na [[Abeokuta]], [[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun]] steeti , South western Nigeria . Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na [[Abeokuta]]. Ọ nọ n'ụlọakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Naịjirịa mgbe ọ malitere ịgba bọọlụ basketball mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goduke.com/news/2018/7/5/211719159.aspx|title=On the Court with Onome Akinbode-James|work=Duke University}}</ref> Ọ gafere na Blair Academy na Blairstown Township, [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]], ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya.<ref name="auto"/> == Ọrụ ụlọakwụkwọ sekọndrị == A kpọbatara Onome na Blair Academy mgbe FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship for Women gasịrị. N'afọ ya nke okenye, ọ nwetara akara 13.0, 11.8 rebounds, na 2.2 blocks kwa egwuregwu.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://goduke.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/onome-akinbode-james/17237|title=Onome Akinbode-James - 2021-22 - Women's Basketball|work=Duke University}}</ref> Onome nyere TED Talk na ụlọakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya Blair Academy n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. A kpọrọ okwu a Africa, Country or Continent: The Broken Perception .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jF275AKiqSk|title=Africa -- Country or Continent?: The Broken Perception &#124; Onome Akinbode-James &#124; TEDxBlairAcademy}}</ref> == Ọrụ kọleji == Onye bụbu onye isi nchịkwa Duke bụ Joanne P. McCallie kpọbatara Onome na Duke Blue Devils. N'oge ọhụrụ ya, ọ nwetara akara anọ na 5.7 rebounds kwa egwuregwu.<ref name="auto1"/> == Ọrụ ndị otu mba == Onome nọchitere anya Naịjirịa na FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship for Women ebe ọ nwetara akara 5.7, 10.3 rebounds na 0.8 na-enyere aka kwa egwuregwu n'oge asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/123081/sid/11791/tid/340/tid2//_/2015_FIBA_Africa_U16_Women/index.html|title=Onome Akinbode profile, FIBA Africa U16 Women 2015|access-date=2022-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603155407/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/123081/sid/11791/tid/340/tid2//_/2015_FIBA_Africa_U16_Women/index.html|archive-date=2022-06-03|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goduke.com/news/2019/2/8/211789603.aspx|title=International Freshmen Making Impact|work=Duke University}}</ref> Ndị otu Naịjirịa ritere ihe nrite ọla ọcha mgbe ha meriri obodo Mali 57–46 na Final, si otú a mee ka ha ruo eru na World U-17 Championship for Women. Naịjirịa esoghị na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/mali-beat-nigeria-57-46-to-win-fiba-u-16-women-championship.114754/|title=Sports - Mali Beat Nigeria 57-46 To Win FIBA U-16 Women Championship|work=Nigeria News Links &#124; Today's Updates - Nigerian Bulletin}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fqt6i29ca85g7dp2qw6557k99jy43wc 0 13386 728342 93543 2026-09-26T23:04:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:RGOIndiana2016.jpg|thumb]] '''Rosalyn Fatima Gold-Onwude''' (amụrụ n' ọnwa nke anọ n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ n'afọ 1987) bụ onye mgbasa ozi egwuregwu America na Naijiria. Ọ bụ nwa afọ New York City, Gold-Onwude gbara bọọlụ basketball na Stanford ma gbaa bọọlụ na otu mba Naịjirịa. Gold-Onwude na-ekpuchi NBA basketball na ESPN's TV, dijitalụ, na redio ma bụrụ onye na-akwado First Take na Stephen A. Smith kwa izu. Kemgbe afọ 2012 Gold-Onwude ekpuchiela March Madness, asọmpi NCAA na Pac-12 Men's and Women's college hoops na ọrụ nyocha na onye nta akụkọ maka Pac-12 Networks. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Gold-Onwude esonyela Kevin Durant na Rich Kleiman's 35 Ventures dị ka otu n'ime ihu nke "The Boardroom". Gold-Onwude bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi arụmụka egwuregwu a na-akpọ "Don't at Me" nke The Players' Tribune gosipụtara ma na-agbasa ozi Twitter. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Gold-Onwude na Queens, New York City, nne ya bụ onye Russia na onye Juu bụ Pat Gold na nna ya bụ onye Naijiria bụ Austin Onwude.<ref name="POP">{{Cite web|title=Rosalyn Gold-Onwude Is Going Places — and She's Taking Women of Color With Her|work=popsugar.com|url=https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Who-Rosalyn-Gold-Onwude-44525755|accessdate=February 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Orfanides|first=Effie|date=April 20, 2018|title=Rosalyn Gold-Onwude: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/sports/2018/04/rosalyn-gold-onwude-drake-ethnicity-parents-instagram/|accessdate=July 9, 2021|work=Heavy.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ basketball n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Archbishop Molloy High School na Briarwood, New York. Ndị otu ahụ meriri aha steeti abụọ na 2003 na 2004, mana mmerụ ahụ n'ikpere mere ka oge ya dị elu n'oge. N'agbanyeghị mmerụ ahụ, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Molloy dị ka onye egwuregwu a na-achọ mma nke ukwuu ma bụrụ nwanyị mbụ na-eme egwuregwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke usoro ihe omume ahụ iji kpọọ Division I basketball mgbe ọ nabatara agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Stanford.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Staszewski|first=Joseph|date=April 15, 2011|title=Gold standard: Stanford star becomes Molloy's first GCHSAA Hall of Famer|url=https://nypost.com/2011/04/15/gold-standard-stanford-star-becomes-molloys-first-gchsaa-hall-of-famer/|accessdate=July 9, 2021|work=New York Post|language=en-US}}</ref> Gold-Onwude ghọrọ onye nke abụọ Molloy na-ebute ụzọ oge niile na onye ndu oge niile na izu ohi na enyemaka n'agbanyeghị mmerụ ahụ ikpere ọzọ. N'afọ 2011, Gold-Onwude ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ Molloy mbụ a kpọbatara na GCHSAA Hall of Fame.<ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ kọleji == Gold-Onwude gbara bọọlụ basketball mgbe ọ na-enweta nzere bachelọ ya na nkwukọrịta na nzere masta na sociology na Mahadum Stanford .<ref name=":1"/> Dị ka onye otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Stanford site na 2005-2010, Gold-Onwude gbara egwuregwu Final Fours atọ na egwuregwu asọmpi mba abụọ na-enyere Kadịnal aka imeri utu aha ogbako anọ, dị ka onye nche mmalite.<ref name=":1"/> N'oge ikpeazụ ya, a kpọrọ ya 2010 Pac-10 Co-Defensive Player of the Year, na-akwụsị ọrụ Stanford ya dị ka onye ndu oge niile nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na egwuregwu ndị a na-egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stanford's 'stopper' will play a key NCAA tournament role|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2010/03/18/stanfords-stopper-will-play-a-key-ncaa-tournament-role|accessdate=July 9, 2021|work=www.paloaltoonline.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị otu mba == Gold-Onwude nọchitere anya otu ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa na 2011 FIBA Africa Championship for Women ebe ọ nwetara akara 8.1, 2.1 rebounds na enyemaka 2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 FIBA Africa Championship for Women: Rosalyn Fatima Gold-Onwude|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95493/sid/7916/tid/340/_/2011_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women/index.html|work=archive.fiba.com|accessdate=April 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806180228/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95493/sid/7916/tid/340/_/2011_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women/index.html|archive-date=August 6, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Hanson-Firestone|first=Dana|date=August 29, 2019|title=10 Things You Didn't Know about Rosalyn Gold-Onwude|url=https://www.tvovermind.com/rosalyn-gold-onwude/|accessdate=July 9, 2021|work=TVOvermind|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mgbasa ozi == Site na 2017 ruo 2019, Gold-Onwude rụrụ ọrụ maka Turner Sports na ọrụ mba mbụ ya, na-ekpuchi oge NBA, egwuregwu, All Star Weekend na NBA Summer League egwuregwu maka TNT na NBATV. Tupu ọ banye na Turner Sports, Gold-Onwude jere ozi dị ka onye nta akụkọ n'akụkụ maka Golden State Warriors na NBC Sports Bay Area, na-ekpuchi ọsọ ndị Warriors na NBA Finals atọ na asọmpi abụọ site na 2014 ruo 2017. Gold-Onwude bụ onye na-akọwa agba maka WNBA's NY Liberty site na 2011 ruo 2017 maka MSG Networks. Ọzọkwa, ọ sonyeere mgbasa ozi NBC nke 2016 Rio Olympics dị ka onye nta akụkọ n'akụkụ maka Basketball Men.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#NBCBLK28: Sideline Reporter Ros Gold-Onwude is Holding Court|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbcblk28/nbcblk28-rosalyn-gold-onwude-sideline-reporter-holds-court-n507346|accessdate=July 9, 2021|work=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ ya == Gold-Onwude ekwuola okwu banyere mmasị ya maka inye ụmụ agbọghọ na-eto eto ndụmọdụ, ịkwalite mmata maka nsogbu ahụike uche na inye ụmụ nwanyị ike na azụmahịa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/03/24/espn-host-basketball-star-rosalyn-gold-onwude-describes-israels-impact-on-her-career/|accessdate=July 9, 2021|work=www.israelhayom.com}}</ref> O sonyere na NBA's Basketball Without Borders Program na NBA Africa Game.<ref name=":2" /> N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa iji rụọ ọrụ na Hope 4 Girls Camp, ogige basketball naanị ụmụ agbọghọ. == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] igqxcyqik7amw30plw6i52envd7rz41 0 13413 728227 92156 2026-09-26T14:23:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ogoh Odaudu''' (ka amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 3 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1981) bụ onye egwuregwu basketball lara ezumike nká na onye nkuzi ugbu a. Ugbu a, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Rivers Hoopers nke Nigerian Premier League . N'afọ egwuregwu ya, Odaudu bụ onye egwuregwu nke otu egwuregwu basketball nke Naịjirịa. == Ọrụ egwuregwu == A mụrụ ya na [[Jos]], ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu mba Naịjirịa na 1999 FIBA Under-19 World Championship .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogoh Odaudu's profile|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/33391/sid/2896/tid/340/_/1999_World_Championship_for_Junior_Men/index.html|work=FIBA.basketball|accessdate=25 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925154427/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/33391/sid/2896/tid/340/_/1999_World_Championship_for_Junior_Men/index.html|archive-date=25 September 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Odaudu bụ onye otu ndị isi Naịjirịa ma soro ndị otu ahụ gbaa bọọlụ na mbipụta 2001, 2003 nke FIBA Africa Championship . Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ na 2006 Commonwealth Games . == Ọrụ ya dịka onye nkuzi egwuregwu == Odaudu bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Rivers Hoopers kemgbe e guzobere ya n'afọ 2009, Ọ zụrụ ndị otu ahụ na Premier League atọ. N'ihi ya, ndị otu ahụ ruru eru maka oge 2021 BAL ebe ọ zụrụ na asọmpi mmeghe.<ref name="bal">{{Cite news|title=Who are the 12 head coaches at the inaugural Basketball Africa League?|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/who-are-the-12-head-coaches-at-the-inaugural-basketball-africa-league|accessdate=25 September 2021|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2019, Odaudu bụ osote onye nkuzi nke ndị otu Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nigeria Basketball Federation has assigned D’Tigers assistant coach, Ogoh Odaudu, to scout for players that can add value to the senior men and women’s national teams. - Eagles FM|url=https://www.eaglesfm.com/the-nigeria-basketball-federation-has-assigned-dtigers-assistant-coach-ogoh-odaudu-to-scout-for-players-that-can-add-value-to-the-senior-men-and-womens-national-teams/|accessdate=25 September 2021|date=2 April 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye nkuzi na 2020 Olympics na Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Basketball ODAUDU Ogoh - Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/hi/results/basketball/athlete-profile-n1479230-odaudu-ogoh.htm|work=olympics.com|accessdate=25 September 2021|language=en-us}}</ref> Odaudu bụ onye isi nkuzi nke Naịjirịa na AfroCan 2019.<ref name="bal" /> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] f3cl7kzg4fzz341k1np8dvvsepyzxpo 0 13761 728468 725061 2026-09-27T11:46:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:William_Kamkwambas_old_windmill.jpg|thumb|Igwe igwe nke mbụ]] '''William Kamkwamba''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1987) bụ [[Malawi|onye Malawi]] na-emepụta ihe, injinia, na onye edemede. O nwetara aha na mba ya n'afọ 2001 mgbe ọ rụrụ igwe ikuku iji mee ka ọtụtụ ngwa eletriki dị n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ya na Wimbe, 32 kilomita (20 mi) n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kasungu, na-eji osisi chịngọm na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, akụkụ ịnyịnya ígwè, na ihe ndị a chịkọtara na ebe a na-ekpofu ihe. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ rụrụ pọmpụ mmiri<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_kamkwamba|title=TED Speaker: William Kamkwamba — Inventor|publisher=TED|accessdate=4 October 2020|archivedate=21 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021112208/https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_kamkwamba}}</ref> na-eji ike anyanwụ eme ihe nke na-enye mmiri ọṅụṅụ mbụ n'obodo ya na igwe ikuku abụọ ọzọ, nke kachasị elu na mita iri na abụọ (39 ft), ma na-eme atụmatụ abụọ ọzọ, gụnyere otu na Lilongwe, isi obodo ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Malawi. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Kamkwamba n'ezinụlọ dara ogbenye ma dabere na ọrụ ugbo iji dị ndụ. Ọ na-enwe mmasị iso ndị enyi ya, Gilbert na Geoffrey, na-egwuri egwu, na-eji ihe eji emegharị ihe. Ụnwụ nri na-akụda mmụọ manyere Kamkwamba ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ nweghịkwa ike ịlaghachi ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ihi na ezinụlọ ya enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ akwụkwọ. N'ịgbalịsi ike iji nọgide na-agụ akwụkwọ, Kamkwamba malitere ịga n'ọbá akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ọ chọpụtara ịhụnanya ya maka eletrik n'ebe ahụ. Tupu mgbe ahụ, o guzobere obere ụlọ ọrụ na-arụzi redio obodo ya, mana ọrụ a enwetaghị ya nnukwu ego. [[Usòrò:William_Kamkwambas_new_windmill.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|William Kamkwamba's new windmill]] Kamkwamba, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Using Energy, kpebiri ịmepụta igwe ikuku.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Atwater|first=Mary|title=Using energy|publisher=Macmillan/McGraw-Hill School Pub. Co|year=1995|isbn=978-0-02-276142-4|oclc=34171724}}</ref> Ọ nwalere obere ihe nlereanya site na iji dynamo dị ọnụ ala ma mesịa mee igwe ikuku na-arụ ọrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ ngwa eletriki n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ya. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị nta akụkọ obodo nyochara ngwaọrụ a na-atụgharị ihe na ama ama Kamkwamba na akụkọ mba ụwa rịrị elu. Edere blọọgụ banyere ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na Hacktivate na Kamkwamba sonyere na mmemme mbụ na-eme ememe ụdị ọgụgụ isi ya a na-akpọ Maker Faire Africa na [[Ghana]] n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2009. == Ama ama == [[Usòrò:Kamkwamba_and_Mealer.jpg|thumb|Kamkwamba na ntinye akwụkwọ]] Mgbe ''The Daily Times'' na Blantyre, isi obodo azụmahịa, dere akụkọ banyere igwe ikuku Kamkwamba na Nọvemba 2006, akụkọ ahụ kesara site na blogosphere, onye nduzi ogbako TED Emeka Okafor kpọrọ Kamkwamba ka ọ kwuo okwu na TEDGlobal 2007 na Arusha, [[Tanzania]] dị ka onye ọbịa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=3312|author=Mwafulirwa|first=Sangwani|title=School dropout with a streak genius|work=[[The Daily Times (Malawi)|The Daily Times]]|date=20 November 2006|accessdate=13 August 2011|publisher=BNL Limited|archive-date=28 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128040746/http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=3312|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vdomck.org/2006/11/23/malawian-windmill/|title=Malawian windmill|work=Hacktivate|publisher=Vdomck.org|date=23 November 2006|accessdate=30 October 2009|archivedate=27 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927183841/http://www.vdomck.org/2006/11/23/malawian-windmill/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/153|title=TED Talks: William Kamkwamba on building a windmill|work=[[Ted.com]]|date=July 2007|accessdate=30 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821001558/http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/153|archivedate=21 August 2007}}</ref> Okwu ya kpaliri ndị na-ege ntị, ọtụtụ ndị isi ego na ogbako ahụ kwere nkwa inye aka nweta ego maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Sarah Childress kpuchiri ''akụkọ'' ya maka The Wall Street Journal .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119742696302722641|title=A Young Tinkerer Builds a Windmill, Electrifying a Nation|first=Sarah|author=Childress|authorlink=Sarah Childress|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=12 December 2007|accessdate=24 March 2019|publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company, Inc.]]}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ na African Bible College Christian Academy na Lilongwe . Ọ gara n'ihu nweta agụmakwụkwọ na African Leadership Academy ma n'afọ 2014 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Dartmouth College dị na Hanover, New Hampshire .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thedartmouth.com/2009/10/20/boy-who-harnessed-the-wind-comes-to-college/|title='Boy who harnessed the wind' comes to College|work=TheDartmouth.com|date=20 October 2009|accessdate=3 January 2015|first=Christy|author=O'Keefe|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193233/http://thedartmouth.com/2009/10/20/boy-who-harnessed-the-wind-comes-to-college/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ime ngosipụta ndị ọzọ, a gbara Kamkwamba ajụjụ ọnụ na The Daily Show na 7 Ọktoba 2009 (n'oge a na-eji egwuregwu tụnyere dike akụkọ ifo Angus MacGyver maka ọgụgụ isi sayensị ya dị egwu).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/wed-october-7-2009/william-kamkwamba|title=William Kamkwamba|date=7 October 2009|work=[[The Daily Show with Jon Stewart]]|accessdate=13 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722064038/http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/wed-october-7-2009/william-kamkwamba|archivedate=22 July 2011|publisher=[[Comedy Partners]]|first=Jon|author=Stewart|authorlink=Jon Stewart}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, a kpọrọ ya ma gaa nzukọ mmeghe nke Google Science Fair nke afọ 2011, ebe ọ bụ onye ọbịa na-ekwu okwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/01/11/googles-global-online-science-fair-kicks-off-today/|title=Google's global, online science fair kicks off today|author=Matson|first=John|date=11 January 2011|journal=[[Scientific American]]|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> A họpụtara akwụkwọ Kamkwamba, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, dị ka 2013 "1 Book, 1 Community" aha maka Loudoun County, Virginia's Public Library system. "1book 1community bụ usoro ọgụgụ mpaghara niile nke na-akwalite mkparịta ụka obodo na nghọta site na ahụmịhe nke ịgụ na ịtụle otu akwụkwọ ahụ. " A zụtara akwụkwọ ahụ site na A.V. Symington na Irwin Uran Gift Funds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.loudoun.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=115|title=Irwin Uran Gift Fund|accessdate=24 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924035552/http://library.loudoun.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=115|archivedate=24 September 2012|work=[[Loudoun County Public Library]] System}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.loudoun.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=716|title=2013 1 Book, 1 Community|work=[[Loudoun County Public Library]] System|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825074050/http://library.loudoun.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=716|archivedate=25 August 2013|accessdate=24 March 2019}}</ref> Kamkwamba bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri ''William'' and the Windmill, nke meriri Grand Jury Prize for Best Documentary Feature na 2013 South By Southwest film festival na Austin, Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.ted.com/2013/03/13/william-and-the-windmill-wins-grand-jury-award-at-sxsw/|title=William And The Windmill|date=13 March 2013|work=[[TED conference|TED]]|accessdate=17 December 2013|first=Kate Torgovnick|author=May|archivedate=5 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205230639/http://blog.ted.com/2013/03/13/william-and-the-windmill-wins-grand-jury-award-at-sxsw/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Debruge|first=Peter|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/sxsw-review-william-and-the-windmill-1200324989/|title=SXSW Review: 'William and the Windmill'|journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=17 March 2013|accessdate=24 March 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind dị ka akwụkwọ nkịtị nke Mahadum Florida na Boise State University, nke a chọrọ ka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile na-abata gụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ufl.edu/archive/2011/01/harn-uf-common-reading-program-sponsor-contest-for-students-art.html|title=Harn, UF Common Reading Program, sponsor contest for students' art|date=25 January 2011|work=[[University of Florida]]|accessdate=2 June 2015|archivedate=28 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428183308/http://news.ufl.edu/archive/2011/01/harn-uf-common-reading-program-sponsor-contest-for-students-art.html}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, a họpụtara ya dị ka akwụkwọ nkịtị na Mahadum Auburn na Mahadum Michigan College of Engineering, yana. William pụtara na mahadum ọ bụla iji kwurịta akwụkwọ ya na ndụ ya. N'afọ 2013, magazin TIME kpọrọ Kamkwamba otu n'ime "30 People Under 30 Changing The World". E gosipụtara Kamkwamba n'akwụkwọ Extraordinary People nke Michael Hearst dere ma bụrụkwa isiokwu nke ''abụ'' sitere na abọm ibe ya bụ Songs For Extraordinary People .<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0v5hBQAAQBAJ&dq=hearst+extraordinary+People+kamkwamba&pg=PA6|title=Extraordinary People|author=Hearst|first=Michael|year=2015|publisher=[[Chronicle Books]]|isbn=9781452133393}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/qf3IQfZFiKY Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qf3IQfZFiKY&gl=US&hl=en|title=William Kamkwamba|work=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=2022-05-29|archivedate=2020-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429232055/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qf3IQfZFiKY&gl=US&hl=en}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qf3IQfZFiKY|title=William Kamkwamba|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Kamkwamba nwetara nzere bachelọ nke nka na ọmụmụ gburugburu ebe obibi na Dartmouth College dị na Hanover, New Hampshire ebe a họpụtara ya na Sphinx Senior Honor Society.<ref name="DNJan2019">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900052215/meet-the-man-whose-inspirational-life-story-is-about-to-open-sundance-in-salt-lake.html|title=Meet the man whose inspirational life story is about to open Sundance in Salt Lake|work=[[Deseret News]]|accessdate=1 March 2019|date=25 January 2019|author=Meiners|first=Cristy|publisher=[[Deseret News Publishing Company]]|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302211818/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900052215/meet-the-man-whose-inspirational-life-story-is-about-to-open-sundance-in-salt-lake.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, a gbanwere The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri, nke Chiwetel Ejiofor, onye dekwara ma duzie.<ref name="DNJan2019"/> == Ndetu == <references /> {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309192939/http://williamkamkwamba.typepad.com/ Blọọgụ William Kamkwamba] ** ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20201130141351/http://williamkamkwamba.typepad.com/williamkamkwamba/book.html The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind : Ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik na Olileanya]'' * [http://movingwindmills.org/ Na-agagharị Windmills] * William Kamkwamba on Twitter * William Kamkwamba at TED * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023753/https://techtv.mit.edu/videos/4282 William Kamkwamba na-ekwu okwu na MIT] * {{IMDb name|3919523}} * Works by or about William Kamkwamba in libraries (WorldCat catalog) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8lsnp6cqy16hy3yj7hxk0kv3behqu97 0 13775 728367 210250 2026-09-27T01:29:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Saran Kaba Jones''' (amụrụ na 21 June 1982) bụ onye na-akwado mmiri dị ọcha na onye ọchụnta ego si [[Liberia]]. Ọ bụ onye guzobere FACE Africa, otu nzukọ na-arụ ọrụ iji wusie mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha (WASH) akụrụngwa na ọrụ na ime obodo dị iche iche na mpaghara ndịda Sahara Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2017/04/03/watch-liberian-activist-charities-not-doing-what-theyre-supposed-to-do-to-address-nations-water-crisis/|title=WATCH: Liberian activist: Charities "not doing what they're supposed to do" to address nation's water crisis|first=Carrie|author=Sheffield|date=3 April 2017|publisher=}}</ref> Ọ bụ World Economic Forum Young Global Leader na 2016 TIME Magazine Next Generation Leader .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/collection-post/4352583/saran-kaba-jones-next-generation-leaders/|title=How an Activist Helped Her Country in an Unexpected Way|first=Aryn|author=Baker|publisher=|accessdate=2022-05-29|archivedate=2020-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506145202/https://time.com/collection-post/4352583/saran-kaba-jones-next-generation-leaders/}}</ref> E depụtala ọrụ ya na FACE Africa na Boston Globe, na CNN Inside Africa .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150929061302/http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2011/03/28/facing_up_to_a_challenge/ Facing Up to a Challenge</ref><ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/22/world/africa/face-africa-water-liberia/index.html One woman's mission to fix Liberia's water crisis</ref><ref>http://downtownmagazinenyc.com/women-who-make-a-difference-honored-at-longines-and-towncountry-awards/ 'Women Who Make a Difference' Honored at Longines and Town&Country Awards </ref> == Ndabere na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na Monrovia, [[Liberia]] ebe ọ biri ruo afọ asatọ ma ya na nne na nna ya na nwanne ya nwoke atọ kwagara [[Côte d'Ivoire|Cote de 'Ivoire]] na 1989 n'ihi agha obodo nke bidoro. Ya na ezinụlọ nne ya biri n'ebe ahụ afọ abụọ ma ha kwagara Ijipt n'afọ 1991 mgbe a họpụtara nna ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya gọọmentị Liberia na etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọ nọrọ afọ anọ na Egypt na afọ abụọ na Cyprus tupu ọ kwaga [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] maka kọleji na kọleji Lesley, Cambridge Massachusetts wee bufee ya na Harvard College ebe ọ gụrụ Government na International Relations .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Nsehe|first=Mfonobong|title=Saran Kaba Jones: A Young African Woman And Her Water Legacy|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2011/07/11/saran-kaba-jones-a-young-african-woman-and-her-water-legacy/|accessdate=2022-03-08|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ nọrọ afọ ise na-arụ ọrụ maka ego nke onwe ya maka Kọmitii Mmepe akụ na ụba nke gọọmentị Singapore, ọrụ ọ hapụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010 iji lekwasị anya na FACE Africa.<ref name=":0"/> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == 2015 * MTV Africa Music Leadership Award * Guardian UK: edepụtara dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri abụọ na ise kachasị mma n'Africa<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/mar/08/top-25-african-women-interactive?CMP=twt_gu Africa's top women achievers - nominated by you</ref> * 2013 World Economic Forum Young Global Leader 2012 * Longines/ Town&Country "Women Who Make A Difference" Award * Black Enterprise dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri nke mba ụwa nwere ike ile anya * Daily Muse "12 Women to Watch" 2011 * Applause Africa "Person of the Year" award * Voss Foundation's Women Helping Women Honoree * Huffington Post "Onye kachasị ukwuu n'ụbọchị"<ref>https://huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/03/saran-kaba-jones_n_818346.html A Liberian Refugee's Clean Water Mission</ref> * Forbes Magazine's 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2011/07/11/saran-kaba-jones-a-young-african-woman-and-her-water-legacy/ A Young African Woman And Her Water Legacy</ref> == Ndetu == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.forbes.com/sites/faraigundan/2014/10/28/liberia-how-africa-and-africans-are-responding-to-the-ebola-crisis/#75696579b8a6 Forbes: How Africa and Africans Are Responding To The Ebola Crisis] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201303141200.html All Africa: Liberian Named Young Global Leader] * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/global-pulse/fight-gender-equality-africa-clean-water-plays-key-role Global Pulse: N'ọgụ maka ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na Africa, mmiri dị ọcha na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa] * [https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/09/boston-groups-helping-liberia-respond-deadly-ebola-outbreak/DpQ61mkPzgMCJCkw9JhuMI/story.html The Boston Globe: Ndị otu Boston na-enyere Liberia aka ịzaghachi ọrịa Ebola] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200804173127/http://www.wearesalt.org/category/100-inspiring-women/page/3/ Nnu na Diageo's 100 Inspiring Women] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201302050624.html All Africa: Liberia, RiverCess ga-erite uru site na pọmpụ aka] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] li7dfsg3ajza8jqz1ge790s5stese5f 0 13867 728401 725076 2026-09-27T04:30:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Stonebwoy Burniton.JPG|thumb]]   '''Livingstone Etse Satekla''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke ịse n'ọnwa [[Maachị]] n'afọ 1988), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ [[Stonebwoy]], bụ onye [[Ghana]] Afropop, ụlọ ịgba egwu na onye egwu reggae. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Burniton Music Group. O meriri na Best International Act: Africa category n'afọ 2015 BET Awards na Artist of the Year n'afọ 2015 Ghana Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ameyaw Debrah|date=12 April 2015|title=Stonebwoy rules 2015 Ghana Music Awards, Sarkodie, Edem, Daddy Lumba, Pappy Kojo and more win big!|url=http://www.ameyawdebrah.com/photos-videos-stonebwoy-rules-2015-ghana-music-awards-sarkodie-edem-daddy-lumba-pappykojo-Shatta-wale-and-more-win-big/|accessdate=21 April 2015|work=ameyawdebrah.com}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye natara akara Billboard abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 January 2020|title=Stonebwoy sets record as only Ghanaian act to receive 2 Billboard plaques|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/news-flash/2020/01/23/stonebwoy-sets-record-as-only-ghanaian-act-to-receive-2-billboard-plaques/|accessdate=19 February 2020|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> A kọwara ya dị ka eze reggae na ụlọ ịgba egwu na [[Eluàlà|Afrịka]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 February 2017|title=Stonebwoy Is The Best Dancehall Artiste In Ghana – Obaapa Christy|language=en-US|work=Gentlemenradio.com|url=http://gentlemenradio.com/stonebwoy-best-dancehall-artiste-ghana-obaapa-christy/|accessdate=26 August 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216105952/http://gentlemenradio.com/stonebwoy-best-dancehall-artiste-ghana-obaapa-christy/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=11 May 2016|title=Ghanaians Captured In List of Best Dancehall Artistes of All Time|language=en-US|work=Ghana News Today|url=https://buzzghana.com/best-dancehall-artistes-ranking/|accessdate=26 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is the dancehall king now? Stonebwoy or Shatta Wale {{!}} This will blow your mind|url=https://www.xbitgh.com/who-is-the-dancehall-king-now-stonebwoy-or-shatta-wale-this-will-blow-your-mind/|accessdate=26 August 2017|work=www.xbitgh.com|language=en-US|archivedate=27 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327074909/https://www.xbitgh.com/who-is-the-dancehall-king-now-stonebwoy-or-shatta-wale-this-will-blow-your-mind/}}</ref> Stonebwoy bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ebe ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri Happy Death Day na ''aha m bụ Ramadan'' .<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 June 2018|title=Stonebwoy stars in new Kobi Rana movie, premieres this weekend|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/my-name-is-ramadan-stonebwoy-stars-in-new-kobi-rana-movie-premieres-this-weekend/dzndsy5|accessdate=5 January 2019|work=Entertainment|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịdị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2019|title=Stonebwoy made Global Ambassador for Sanitation|url=https://theindependentghana.com/stonebwoy-made-global-ambassador-for-sanitation/|accessdate=3 October 2019|work=The Independent Ghana|language=en-GB|archivedate=3 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003082722/https://theindependentghana.com/stonebwoy-made-global-ambassador-for-sanitation/}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019, emere ya onye nnọchi anya nke Voltic Natural Mineral Water.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 September 2019|title=Voltic signs Stonebwoy as brand ambassador|url=https://theindependentghana.com/voltic-signs-stonebwoy-as-brand-ambassador/|accessdate=3 October 2019|work=The Independent Ghana|language=en-GB|archivedate=3 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003165108/https://theindependentghana.com/voltic-signs-stonebwoy-as-brand-ambassador/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Tecno mobile na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-11|title=TECNO Mobile makes Stonebwoy brand ambassador|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/09/tecno-mobile-makes-stonebwoy-brand-ambassador/|accessdate=2022-05-03|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, ọ bịanyere aka na Universal Music Group's Def Jam Recordings, na ya bụ ọkọlọtọ Def Jam Recordings Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Courage|first=Onyema|title=Universal Music Group signs Stonebwoy to Def Jam Africa|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/universal-music-group-signs-stonebwoy-to-def-jam-africa/j7pr0yk|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=10 May 2022|language=en|date=3 May 2022}}</ref> Ọ dị njikere ime abọm atọ n'okpuru akara ahụ. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231011051247/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-urges-support-after-signing-global-deal-with-Def-Jam-Africa-1531370] [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] == Ndụ na ọrụ egwu ya == [[Usòrò:MCDementor2014.jpg|thumb]] A mụrụ Stonebwoy "stoneboy" na Ashaiman na mpaghara Greater Accra nke Ghana wee malite ịme egwu n'oge ọ malitere ịga akwụkwọ. Ọ ghọtara nkà ya na ikike ya dị ka onye na-ede abụ na onye na-ede edemede mgbe ọ dị obere, na-echeta edemede na ime ihe nkiri dị ka afọ nke anọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reggaeville.com/artist-details/stonebwoy/about/|title=Biography: Stonebwoy|author=reggaeville|work=www.reggaeville.com|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Methodist Day Secondary School n'otu afọ ahụ na rapper Sarkodie ebe ọ nwetara asambodo ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum nke Professional Studies iji nweta nzere na ahịa na 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mr|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1244&mode=biography|author=Lawal|first=Saheed|work=Ghanaweb}}</ref> Satekla lụrụ Louisa Ansong Satekla, nwere ụmụ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=2022-01-20|title=9 photos and facts about Stonebwoy's wife that prove she is a beauty with brains|url=https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/200890-dr-louisa-10-most-beautiful-photos-of-stonebwoys-wife-as-she-celebrates-her-birthday/|accessdate=2022-05-03|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ghanaweb.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-and-Wife-celebrate-2-years-of-marriage-755532|title=Stonebwoy and Wife celebrate 2-years of marriage|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> Louisa bụ dọkịta ezé. == Nghọta na ụdị egwu ya == Stonebwoy na-abụkarị ragga na Jamaican Patois (Patwa ma ọ bụ Patwah), a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka "onye na-ese ihe dị iche iche" n'ihi ụdị egwu dị iche iche o nwere. N'afọ 2015, ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye na nhọpụta sitere na "Artist of the Year" ruo "''Album'' of the Year". Abọm ya nke abụọ, Necessary Evil, bụ onye natara 3 [[Ghana]] Music Awards site na nhọpụta 6.<ref name="2015Ghana">{{Cite web|date=12 April 2015|title=Winners For 2015 Ghana Music Awards|url=http://www.zionfelix.com/winners-2015-ghana-music-awards/|accessdate=21 April 2015|publisher=Bigx.com|archivedate=9 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509102617/http://www.zionfelix.com/winners-2015-ghana-music-awards/}}</ref> Nana Appiah Mensah, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa ọla edo Menzgold, zigara Stonebwoy okwu agbamume na Instagram maka Stonebwoy ịkwado.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/04/18/nam-1-bigs-up-stonebwoy-asks-for-gods-blessings-for-him/|title=NAM 1 'bigs up' Stonebwoy; asks for God's blessings for him|author=Dadzie|first=Kwame|date=18 April 2019|work=Citi Newsroom|language=en-US|accessdate=20 April 2019}}</ref> Na 18 Eprel 2019, Nana Appiah Mensah biputere foto nke ụlọ ịgba egwu Stonebwoy na-ekwu na ọ dị mpako maka onye isi ala Bhim Nation maka ịgbachitere ya nakwa na Chineke gọzie ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghbase.com/nam1-praises-stonebwoy-after-he-defended-him-massively-screenshot/|title=NAM1 Praises Stonebwoy After He Defended Him Massively (+Screenshot)|date=18 April 2019|work=GhBase•com™|language=en-US|accessdate=20 April 2019|archivedate=11 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011051248/https://www.ghbase.com/nam1-praises-stonebwoy-after-he-defended-him-massively-screenshot/}}</ref> E depụtara ya dị ka akụkụ nke afọ 2019 (iri ise) ndị isi oche na-eto eto ịrị ise, site n'aka YCEO na Avance media. Ndepụta ahụ nke e bidoro na mbido afọ 2018, bụ nke e depụtara iji kwanyere ndị na-eto eto a ma ama ùgwù na-agbaso usoro nke inye ngwọta maka ụfọdụ nsogbu dị mkpa nke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.classfmonline.com/1.12409249#stonebwoy-named-among-2019-top-50-young-ceos-in-ghana|title=Stonebwoy named among 2019 Top 50 Young CEOs in Ghana|author=Apinga|first=David|work=www.classfmonline.com/1.12409249#stonebwoy-named-among-2019-top-50-young-ceos-in-ghana|language=en|accessdate=3 June 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ Ebere ya == Stonebwoy guzobere 'Ntọala Livingstone '.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Photos: Stonebwoy Sponsors 5 Students From Alma Mater to Celebrate His Mum's Birthday|url=http://livefmghana.com/2017/01/20/photos-stonebwoy-sponsors-5-students-alma-mater-celebrate-mums-birthday/|work=livefmghana.com|accessdate=3 January 2018|archivedate=12 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812142931/http://livefmghana.com/2017/01/20/photos-stonebwoy-sponsors-5-students-alma-mater-celebrate-mums-birthday/}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2017 ntọala ahụ kwupụtara ngwugwu nkwado maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ise nke Tema Methodist Day Senior High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy's Foundation Sponsors Five Students Of His Former High School (See Photos Of Ceremony)|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/01/21/stonebwoys-foundation-sponsors-five-students-former-high-school-see-photos-ceremony/|work=www.ghanacelebrities.com|accessdate=3 January 2018|archivedate=4 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073033/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/01/21/stonebwoys-foundation-sponsors-five-students-former-high-school-see-photos-ceremony/}}</ref> Stonebwoy emepeela ụlọ ahịa ahịa BHIM na Ashaiman. A na-eji ego enwetara site na ụlọ ahịa ahụ iji kwado ihe omume nke Ntọala Livingstone. == Nkwado onwere == A kpọrọ Stonebwoy onye nnọchi anya Brand maka 'Big Boss' n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ihe ọṅụṅụ ike ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-29th/stonebwoy-named-brand-ambassador-for-big-boss-energy-drink.php|title=Stonebwoy named brand ambassador for 'Big Boss' energy drink|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=13 January 2020}}</ref> Na [[Septemba]] 2020, a kpọrọ Stonebwoy onye nnọchi anya Tecno Mobile ma kpughee Camon 16 Series na [[Ọktoba|Ọktọba]] 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-11|title=TECNO Mobile makes Stonebwoy brand ambassador|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/09/tecno-mobile-makes-stonebwoy-brand-ambassador/|accessdate=2020-09-26|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy unveils TECNO CAMON 16 series|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/stonebwoy-unveils-tecno-camon-16-series.html|accessdate=2020-10-11|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Njem ụwa ya na arụmọrụ ya a ma ama == Stonebwoy malitere njem ụwa ya na mpaghara Euro n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy tours Europe|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-tours-Europe-310238|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=23 May 2014|accessdate=3 January 2018}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ na [[Jémanị|Germany]], Italy, Spain na [[Austria]]. [[Njem Ugbo|Njem]] [[Kánada|Canada]]-America ya n'afọ 2016 hụrụ ya ka ọ na-eme ihe nkiri na [[New York City]], [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], Philadelphia na Ontario. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ na-eme ka Perth, Melbourne, Brisbane na Sidney niile na Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.georgebritton.com/events/articles/pages/97d4e680-4d56-487d-a004-3d65ff5dd5d6|work=www.georgebritton.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104083332/http://www.georgebritton.com/events/articles/pages/97d4e680-4d56-487d-a004-3d65ff5dd5d6|title=Stonebwoy Live In Australia|archivedate=4 January 2018|accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref> Njem Euro nke abụọ ya hụrụ ya ka ọ na-aga Nordic iji mee ka ndị na-akwado ya nwee obi ụtọ na [[Denmark]], Finland na Sweden na nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy set for European tour|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/stonebwoy-set-european-tour|work=www.musicinafrica.net|date=19 July 2017|accessdate=3 January 2018}}</ref> Stonebwoy rụrụ na Reggae Sumfest, Afro nation festival na [[Portugal]], Rotterdam reggae festival, Uppsala Reggae Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/stonebwoy-performs-at-jamaica-s-reggae-sumfest-today.html|work=www.graphic.com.gh|accessdate=9 August 2019|title=Stonebwoy performs at Jamaica's Reggae Sumfest today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2019/08/01/stonebwoy-set-to-perform-at-afronation-concert-in-portugal-with-busy-signal-kranium-and-others/|title=Stonebwoy Set To Perform At AfroNation Concert In Portugal With Busy Signal, Kranium And Others|date=1 August 2019|work=GhanaCelebrities.Com|language=en-US|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/51110/stonebwoy-thrills-audience-at-reggae-festival-in-germany.html|title=Stonebwoy Thrills Audience At Reggae Festival In Germany|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/June-15th/stonebwoy-gears-up-for-shuga-summer-tour.php|title=Stonebwoy gears up for Shuga Summer Tour|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> Rototom Sunsplash.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rototomsunsplash.com/en/invitado/stonebwoy/|title=Stonebwoy|work=Rototom Sunsplash|language=en-US|accessdate=7 September 2019|archivedate=20 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020200232/https://rototomsunsplash.com/en/invitado/stonebwoy/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestartmagazine.com/article/19ed2d42-015d-4169-87cc-590ed0dad5d6|title=Start Magazine|work=www.thestartmagazine.com|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> == Esemokwu Ọnwere == N'abalị iri na asatọ nke ọnwa Mee afọ 2019, n'oge mbipụta nke iri abụọ nke Nrite Egwụ nke Vodafone Ghana, esemokwu bilitere n'etiti ndị na-eso ụzọ Stonebwoy na onye iro egwu ya bụ Shatta Wale na ndị na-akwado ya, nke mere ka Stonebwoy wepụta égbè n'elu ikpo okwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aacehypez.net/news/entertainment-news/stonebwoy-crowned-best-african-reggae-dancehall-entertainer-at-the-38th-irawma/|title=Stonebwoy crowned Best African Reggae/Dancehall Entertainer at the 38th IRAWMA|work=AaceHypez|date=22 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-shatta-wale-stonebwoy-arrested1.html|title=Shatta Wale, Stonebwoy arrested|date=20 May 2019|work=www.graphic.com.gh|accessdate=25 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/127871-2019-vgma-shatta-stonebwoy-detained-police-cells-overnight-stage-clash-video.html|title=TShatta Wale and Stonebwoy detained in police cells overnight over clash at VGMA 2019 (video) - YEN.COM.GH|date=26 May 2019|work=yen.com.gh|accessdate=26 May 2019}}</ref> E jidere ha abụọ ma jide ha n'echi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/VGMAs-2019-Shatta-Wale-Stonebwoy-arrested-over-chaos-on-stage-747694|title=VGMAs 2019: Shatta Wale, Stonebwoy arrested over chaos on stage|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=20 May 2019|language=en|accessdate=18 October 2019}}</ref> Ha abụọ pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe ebe ha kwuru na ha abụghị ikpe mara ha maka ebubo ha abụọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e nyere ha mgbapụta nke GH ’50,000 nke ọ bụla. Ndị Charterhouse napụrụ ha ihe nrite ha nwetara n'abalị ahụ, ndị nhazi machibidoro ha iwu ruo mgbe ebighi ebi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pan-african-music.com/en/stonebwoy-shatta-wale-beef/|title=A brief history of the Stonebwoy and Shatta Wale beef|author=Media|first=Numeriq|date=1 July 2019|work=Pan African Music|language=en-UK|accessdate=18 October 2019}}</ref> Ha mere udo n'ụbọchị nke iri atọ n'otu ọnwa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/58868/shatta-wale-and-stonebwoy-finally-make-peace-vide.html|title=Shatta Wale and Stonebwoy finally make peace (Video)|author=Journalist|first=Mustapha Attractive|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|accessdate=18 October 2019}}</ref> E wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ya na ihe ngosi Awards na mbipụta nke afọ 2022 nke ihe ngosi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=Music|title=LIST OF WINNERS – 2022 VODAFONE GHANA MUSIC AWARDS|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2022/05/06/live-2022-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/|work=www.ghanamusic.com|publisher=Emmanuel Ghansah|accessdate=21 May 2022}}</ref> == Ihe Ngosi == Satekla ewepụtala abọm studio anọ na ọtụtụ egwu ndị ọzọ kemgbe afọ 2012. === 2012: ''Grade 1 Album'' === N'okpuru "''Samini Music''", Stonebwoy dekọrọ egwu mbụ ya "''Climax''" nke gosipụtara Samini na "''Ghetto Love''" nke gosipụtara Irene Logan. Egwu abụọ ahụ mere ka a họpụta ya na Ghana Music Awards. Mgbe ngosi a gasịrị, ọ wepụtara abọm izizi ya "Grade 1 Album". Abọm ahụ nwere egwu iri na asaa nke gosipụtara ndị ama ama na Ghana na.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy Burniton released debut album "Grade #1|url=https://www.dancehallreggaeworld.com/stonebwoy-burniton-released-debut-album-grade-1.html|work=www.dancehallreggaeworld.com|accessdate=3 January 2018|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232230/https://www.dancehallreggaeworld.com/stonebwoy-burniton-released-debut-album-grade-1.html}}</ref> === 2014: ''Ihe Ọjọọ Dị Mkpa'' === A tọhapụrụ ya na [[Novemba|Nọvemba]] 23, 2014; ọ bụ abọm egwu iri abụọ na itoolu nke gosipụtara ụdị Sarkodie. Ọ gụnyere egwu dịka Baafira, Sneaky, Gbedegbede, Candy, mmekọrịta nke pull up, na Cant Cool.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210821150715/https://ghanandwom.net/stonebwoy-necessary-evil/] === 2017: ''Akwụkwọ ozi nke Mama'' === A tọhapụrụ ya na 12 [[Disemba]] 2017; Epistles of Mama raara nye nne Satekla nwụrụ anwụ aha ya bụ Oriakụ Catherine Lucy Aku Ametepe Satekla. Abọm egwu iri abụọ na anọ ahụ nwere Sean Paul, King Promise, [[Burna Boy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy – Epistles of Mama (Full Album)|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-epistles-of-mama-full-album/|work=www.ghanamotion.com|accessdate=3 January 2018|archivedate=4 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013747/http://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-epistles-of-mama-full-album/}}</ref> Abọm ahụ ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ iri na atọ (13) na chaatị Billboard n'elu abọm 200 n'ụwa niile.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=Web|title=Winning! Stonebwoy makes it on Billboard Chart|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Winning-Stonebwoy-makes-it-on-Billboard-Chart-504618|work=www.ghanaweb.com|publisher=Ghana Web|accessdate=24 March 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 2018 'Epistles Of Mama (EOM)' bụ abọm nke abụọ kachasị mma n'ụwa dịka reggaeville si kwuo.<ref name="Number2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/january-19th/stonebwoys-epistles-of-mama-album-rated-number-2-in-the-world.php|title=Stonebwoy's 'Epistles Of Mama' album rated number 2 in the world|date=19 January 2018|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=13 January 2019}}</ref> YouTube kwanyeere Album ahụ ùgwù maka ịkụ ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/YouTube-honours-Stonebwoy-s-Epistles-of-Mama-EOM-album-701757|title=YouTube honours Stonebwoy's Epistles of Mama (EOM) album {{!}} Entertainment 18 November 2018|work=www.spanzy ghanaweb.com|accessdate=13 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182338/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/YouTube-honours-Stonebwoy-s-Epistles-of-Mama-EOM-album-701757}}</ref> === ''2020: Anloga Junction'' === Na 24 Eprel 2020, Stonebwoy wepụtara abọm studio nke anọ ya nke gosipụtara ndị dịka Keri Hilson (US), [[Nasty C]] (SA), [[Diamond Platnumz]] ([[Tanzania]]), Alicai Harley (Jamaica), Jahmiel ([[Jamaikạ|Jamaica]]), [[Zlatan (musician)|Zlatan]] (Nigeria), Kojo Antwi ([[Ghana]]), Chivv (Netherlands) na Spanker ([[Netherlands]]).<ref name="FeaturesTop">{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/stonebwoy-features-top-artists-anloga-junction-album|title=Stonebwoy features top artists on Anloga Junction album|date=24 April 2020|work=Music In Africa|language=en|accessdate=24 April 2020}}</ref> Ya na ndị na-emepụta egwu dị ka [[Mix Master Garzy]], Streetbeatz, M.O.G. Beatz, Spanker, Riga, [[Phantom Plague|Phantom]], iPappi na ndị ọzọ ha na ya rụkọrọ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/road-to-anloga-junction-stonebwoy-tells-it-all-at-album-listening-on-joy-prime/|title=Road to 'Anloga Junction' - Stonebwoy tells it all at album listening on Joy Prime|date=24 April 2020|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=24 April 2020}}</ref> === Egwu owu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Aha !Abọm !Ref. |- | rowspan="6" |2012 |Ọsọ Rat | rowspan="6" |Ọkwa 1 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://perez212.com/stonebwoy-rat-race-prod-by-ephraim/|title=StoneBwoy – Rat Race (Prod By. Ephraim)|date=21 November 2018|work=Perez212.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=26 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926065849/https://perez212.com/stonebwoy-rat-race-prod-by-ephraim/}}</ref> |- |Isi elu / n'elu eluigwe |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hitxgh.com/stonebwoy-ft-edem-sky-prod-kaywa/|title=Download Stonebwoy ft. Edem - Above The Sky (Prod. by Kaywa)|author=Media|first=HitzGh|date=30 April 2016|work=HitxGh.Com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Kiss n Cry |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://glosaentercom.blogspot.com/2018/05/stonebwoy-kiss-and-cry.html|title=StoneBwoy-Kiss And Cry.|work=Glosa Entercom|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Biko, agala |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanalive.tv/2018/07/25/stonebwoy-releases-latest-jam-please-dont-go/|title=Stonebwoy releases latest jam 'Please Don't Go'|author=Essah|first=Helena|date=25 July 2018|work=Ghana Live TV|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Onumade |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/see-this-stonebwoy-feat-tinny-onumade/|title=See This: Stonebwoy Feat. Tinny - Onumade|author=Debrah|first=Ameyaw|date=26 March 2013|work=AmeyawDebrah.Com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Agoro |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaclasic.com/stonebwoy-agoro-ft-samini-prod-by-jmj/|title=StoneBwoy – Agoro (Ft Samini) (Prod By JMJ)|author=Jamie|date=30 March 2017|work=Ghanaclasic.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=12 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195104/https://www.ghanaclasic.com/stonebwoy-agoro-ft-samini-prod-by-jmj/}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |Party Ọzọ | rowspan="14" |Ihe Ọjọọ Dị Mkpa |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-party-again-ft-vibz/|title=Stonebwoy – Party Again ft Vibz|author=ghanamotion|date=24 October 2013|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062736/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-party-again-ft-vibz/}}</ref> |- |Bilie elu |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-pull-up-produced-by-mixmasta-garzy/|title=Stonebwoy – Pull Up (Produced by MixMasta Garzy)|author=ghanamotion|date=27 December 2012|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062639/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-pull-up-produced-by-mixmasta-garzy/}}</ref> |- |Mba Sir |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/new-music-stonebwoy-no-sir-remix-feat-burna-boy-prod-by-beatz-dakay/rbnqw88|title=Stonebwoy - No Sir (Remix) feat. Burna Boy (Prod. by Beatz Dakay)|date=2 October 2015|work=Entertainment|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="11" |2014 |Ọjọọ |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghxclusives.com/stonebwoy-wicked-feat-gappy-ranks/|title=StoneBwoy - Wicked - Feat - Gappy Ranks|work=GhXclusives.Com|language=en-GB|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062748/https://www.ghxclusives.com/stonebwoy-wicked-feat-gappy-ranks/}}</ref> |- |N'ụzọ anụ ahụ |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/music/stonebwoy-brings-physically.html|title=Stonebwoy brings 'Physically'|author=Owusu-Amoah|first=Gifty|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Mba Bhim |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/stonebwoy-dancehall-star-starts-off-the-new-year-with-visuals-for-bhim-nation/5e51301|title=Dancehall Star Starts Off The New Year With Visuals For "Bhim Nation"|date=2 January 2015|work=Entertainment|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Baafira |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/new-music-stonebwoy-baafira-feat-sarkodie-prod-by-beatz-dakay/0wk3snk|title=Stonebwoy – Baafira Feat. Sarkodie (Prod. by Beatz Dakay)|date=11 November 2014|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Ex Boyfriend |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/stonebwoy-realeases-new-music-ex-boyfriend/|title=Stonebwoy Releases New Music, Ex Boyfriend|date=14 January 2014|work=News Ghana|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Can't Cool |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-cant-cool-prod-by-richie/|title=Stonebwoy – Can't Cool (Prod by Richie)|author=ghanamotion|date=5 May 2014|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=12 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195202/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-cant-cool-prod-by-richie/}}</ref> |- |Ọ Dị Mma |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-so-real-butterfly-effect-riddim/|title=Stonebwoy – So Real (Butterfly Effect Riddim)|author=ghanamotion|date=6 October 2014|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=12 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195127/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-so-real-butterfly-effect-riddim/}}</ref> |- |Gwaan |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-gwaan-evidence-riddim-mixed-by-beatz-dakay/|title=Stonebwoy – Gwaan (Evidence Riddim) (Mixed by Beatz Dakay)|author=ghanamotion|date=26 August 2014|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062739/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-gwaan-evidence-riddim-mixed-by-beatz-dakay/}}</ref> |- |Ezigbo Onye Agha |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-real-warrior-the-last-breathe-riddim/|title=StoneBwoy – Real Warrior (The Last Breathe Riddim)|author=ghanamotion|date=10 December 2013|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062700/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-real-warrior-the-last-breathe-riddim/}}</ref> |- |Onye Ogbugbu |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-murderer-ft-cara-braia-prod-by-beatz-dakay/|title=Stonebwoy – Murderer ft Cara Braia (Prod by Beatz Dakay)|author=ghanamotion|date=15 April 2014|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062718/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-murderer-ft-cara-braia-prod-by-beatz-dakay/}}</ref> |- |More Gyal |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanandwom.net/stonebwoy-more-gyal-feat-dxd-prod-by-beatzdakay/|title=Stonebwoy - More Gyal (Feat DXD) (Prod by BeatzDakay)|author=Epicmetrics|date=10 June 2014|work=GhanaNdwom.net|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |Gaa Elu | rowspan="21" |Non-album single |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/new-music-stonebwoy-go-higher-prod-by-beatz-dakay/dgyr189|title=Stonebwoy - Go Higher (Prod. by Beatz Dakay)|date=16 July 2015|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062641/https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/new-music-stonebwoy-go-higher-prod-by-beatz-dakay/dgyr189}}</ref> |- |Mightylele |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/03/stonebwoy-releases-new-song-ahead-of-d2r2015/|title=Stonebwoy releases new song ahead of #D2R2015|author=Tsikata|first=Mawuli|date=3 December 2015|work=citifmonline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="9" |2016 |Ndị Dey |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-people-dey/|title=Stonebwoy – People Dey (Prod by Beatz Dakay)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=1 May 2016|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062637/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-people-dey/}}</ref> |- |Anyị mere ya |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-We-Made-It-Feat-Mugeez-Prod-By-Awaga-448534|title=Stonebwoy – We Made It (Feat Mugeez) (Prod. By Awaga) {{!}} Music 17 June 2016|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=17 June 2016|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Nsogbu |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-problem-prod-beatzdakay/|title=StoneBwoy – Problem (Prod By BeatzDakay)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=28 September 2016|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062702/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-problem-prod-beatzdakay/}}</ref> |- |Ụlọ ọrụ ikpeazụ |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/new-music-stonebwoy-last-station-feat-tekno-prod-by-tekno/vnvq7br|title=Stonebwoy - Last Station feat. Tekno (Prod. by Tekno)|date=5 November 2016|work=Entertainment|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Guy Guy |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://livefmghana.com/2016/01/18/new-music-stonebwoy-ft-bisa-kdei-guy-guy/|title=New Music: Stonebwoy ft. Bisa Kdei 'Guy Guy'|date=18 January 2016|work=Live 91.9 FM|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062645/http://livefmghana.com/2016/01/18/new-music-stonebwoy-ft-bisa-kdei-guy-guy/}}</ref> |- |Sapashini |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/09/05/stonebwoy-releases-new-track-sapashini-celebrate-enskinment/|title=Stonebwoy Releases New Track 'Sapashini' To Celebrate Enskinment|date=5 September 2016|work=GhanaCelebrities.Com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 January 2019|archivedate=13 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062752/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/09/05/stonebwoy-releases-new-track-sapashini-celebrate-enskinment/}}</ref> |- |Ụbọchị ọ bụla |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-Any-Day-Prod-by-Beatz-Dakay-444315|title=Stonebwoy – Any Day (Prod. by Beatz Dakay) {{!}} Music 2 June 2016|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=2 June 2016|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Isi Inna na-arịa ọrịa |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Stonebwoy-releases-Sick-Inna-Head-ft-Burna-Boy-419738|title=Stonebwoy releases 'Sick Inna Head' ft. Burna Boy {{!}} Music 29 February 2016|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=29 February 2016|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- |Site n'aka Grace |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/New-Music-Stonebwoy-releases-By-Grace-404682|title=New Music: Stonebwoy releases 'By Grace' {{!}} Music 2 January 2016|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=2 January 2016|accessdate=12 January 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |Aha M |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/new-music-stonebwoy-my-name-forever-riddim/bn7cg1g|title=Stonebwoy - My Name (Forever Riddim)|date=23 May 2017|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044603/https://www.pulse.com.gh/new-music-stonebwoy-my-name-forever-riddim/bn7cg1g}}</ref> |- |Come From Far (Wo Gb3 J3k3) |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/new-music-stonebwoy-come-from-far-wo-gb3-j3k3-prod-by-masta-garzy/8tbvrry|title=Stonebwoy - Come From Far (Wo Gb3 J3k3) (Prod. by Masta Garzy)|date=20 April 2017|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044556/https://www.pulse.com.gh/new-music-stonebwoy-come-from-far-wo-gb3-j3k3-prod-by-masta-garzy/8tbvrry}}</ref> |- |Ịda Ọzọ |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghkings.com/stonebwoy-falling-again-kojo-funds-music-video/|title=Stonebwoy - Falling Again (Feat Kojo Funds) — Music Video - GhKings|work=ghkings.com|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044115/https://ghkings.com/stonebwoy-falling-again-kojo-funds-music-video/}}</ref> |- |Onye dike |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/If-I-die-today-I-die-a-hero-Stonebwoy-588510|title=If I die today, I die a hero – Stonebwoy|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=6 October 2017|language=en|accessdate=3 March 2019}}</ref> |- |Enkulenu |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Gabriel-Myers-Hansen-reviews-Stonebwoy-s-Enku-Lenu-520430|title=Gabriel Myers Hansen reviews Stonebwoy's 'Enku Lenu'|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=20 March 2017|language=en|accessdate=3 March 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="8" |2018 |Ndị Iro Na-asọ oyi |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enewsgh.com/2018/03/dirty-enemies-asamoah-gyan-stonebwoy-partner-new-music-snippet/|title=Dirty Enemies! Asamoah Gyan & Stonebwoy partner on new music [+ snippet]|date=2 March 2018|work=Proudly Ghanaian! {{!}} Enews|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044513/https://enewsgh.com/2018/03/dirty-enemies-asamoah-gyan-stonebwoy-partner-new-music-snippet/}}</ref> |- |Kpo K3K3 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-kpo-k3k3-ft-kwesi-arthur-x-medikal-x-kelvyn-boy-x-darkovibes/|title=StoneBwoy – Kpo K3k3 ft. Kwesi Arthur x Medikal x Kelvyn Boy x Darkovibes|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=7 December 2018|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044147/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-kpo-k3k3-ft-kwesi-arthur-x-medikal-x-kelvyn-boy-x-darkovibes/}}</ref> |- |Iguzosi ike n'ihe |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-loyalty-prod-prinxonthedeat/|title=Stonebwoy – Loyalty (Prod. by Prinxonthedeat)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=31 January 2018|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043937/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-loyalty-prod-prinxonthedeat/}}</ref> |- |Echi |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-tomorrow-attitude-riddim-prod-brainy-beatz/|title=StoneBwoy – Tomorrow (Attitude Riddim) (Prod. by Brainy Beatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=26 March 2018|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044408/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-tomorrow-attitude-riddim-prod-brainy-beatz/}}</ref> |- |Smile Time Done (S.T.D/Worldwide) |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-smile-time-done-s-t-d-worldwide/|title=Stonebwoy – Smile Time Done (S.T.D/Worldwide)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=1 November 2018|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043959/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-smile-time-done-s-t-d-worldwide/}}</ref> |- |Ihe kacha bụrụ nke mbụ |Akwụkwọ ozi nke Mama | |- |Wame | rowspan="2" |Non-album single |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaguardian.com/new-music-stonebwoy-releases-banger-feat-cassper-nyovest-wame|title=New Music: Stonebwoy releases banger feat. Cassper Nyovest – Wame|work=The Ghana Guardian News|language=en|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817052515/https://ghanaguardian.com/new-music-stonebwoy-releases-banger-feat-cassper-nyovest-wame}}</ref> |- |Top Skanka |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-top-skanka-prod-by-undabeatz/|title=StoneBwoy – Top Skanka (Prod. by UndaBeatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=31 August 2018|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=3 March 2019|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044129/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-top-skanka-prod-by-undabeatz/}}</ref> |- | rowspan="9" |2019 |Shuga |Non-album single |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://livefmghana.com/2019/04/23/new-music-stonebwoy-ft-beenie-man-shuga/|title=New Music: Stonebwoy ft. Beenie Man – 'Shuga'|date=23 April 2019|work=Live 91.9 FM|language=en-US|accessdate=23 April 2019|archivedate=23 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423135515/http://livefmghana.com/2019/04/23/new-music-stonebwoy-ft-beenie-man-shuga/}}</ref> |- |Mkpụrụ Tuff |Non-album single |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/stonebwoy-tuff-seed-video/|title=Watch Stonebwoy's New Video For 'Tuff Seed'|date=15 July 2019|work=OkayAfrica|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- |Ololo |Ọ bụghị abọm |[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaMrVDHiysU <nowiki>[103]</nowiki>] |- |Nnukwu Onye isi |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127073030/https://afrosages.com/stonebwoy-big-boss-prod-by-streetbeatz/|title=Stonebwoy – Big Boss (Prod. by Streetbeatz)|date=19 November 2019|work=www.afrosages.com|accessdate=22 November 2019}}</ref> |- |Ndị Ojii |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afrosages.com/black-people-stonebwoy/|title=Black People – Stonebwoy|date=3 December 2019|work=www.afrosages.com|accessdate=4 December 2019}}</ref> |- |More |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghupload.com/stonebwoy-blessing-ft-vic-mensa/|title=Download MP3: Stonebwoy – More (Prod. by BeatzDakay)|author=Halm|date=12 December 2019|work=ghupload.com|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |- |Wepụ m |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crateshub.com/music/ghana/stonebwoy-take-me-away-ft-kidi-x-kuami-eugene-prod-by-ippapi.html|title=Stonebwoy – Take Me Away Ft Kidi x Kuami Eugene - CratesHub.com|author=CratesHub|first=Alloh|work=www.crateshub.com|language=en-gb|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |- |Were m gaa ebe ahụ |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jonilar.net/2019/10/18/stonebwoy-take-prod-cjthechemist/|title=Stonebwoy – Take Me There (Prod. By CjTheChemist)|date=18 October 2019|work=Jonilar|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |- |Lee ebe |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaguardian.com/stonebwoy-releases-new-song-titled-more|title=Stonebwoy releases new song, titled 'More'|work=The Ghana Guardian News|language=en|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="19" |2020 |Sobolo |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/sobolo-stonebwoys-new-release-gets-good-reviews/|title="Sobolo" - Stonebwoy's new release gets good reviews|date=19 February 2020|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museafrica.com/stonebwoy-serves-us-sobolo/|title=Stonebwoy serves us Sobolo – museafrica|date=18 February 2020|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |- |Ụtụtụ ọma |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vimnewsgh.com/stonebwoy-releases-new-single-good-morning/|title=Stonebwoy Releases New Single 'Good Morning'.|date=5 March 2020|work=Vimnewsgh|language=en|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dcleakers.com/stonebwoy-ft-chivv-good-morning-prod-by-spanker/|title=Stonebwoy ft. Chivv - Good Morning (Prod. by Spanker)|date=5 March 2020|work=DCLeakers.com|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |- |African Party |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museafrica.com/stonewboy-releases-african-party-off-his-anloga-junction-album/|title=Stonewboy releases African Party off his Anloga Junction album – museafrica|date=6 March 2020|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref> |- |Ghọta |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/stonebwoy/572206113|title=Stonebwoy on Apple Music|work=Apple Music|language=en-us|accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref> |- |Le Gba Gbe |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Stonebwoy Releases Visuals for 'Le Gba Gbe'|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Stonebwoy-Releases-Visuals-for-Le-Gba-Gbe-20200601|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=Broadway World|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-31|title=DOWNLOAD MP3: Stonebwoy – Le Gba Gbe (Prod. by MastaGarzy)|url=https://www.crackermusic.com/download-mp3-stonebwoy-le-gba-gbe-prod-by-mastagarzy/|accessdate=2020-11-04|work=CrackerMusic.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Nhọpụta |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-12|title=Stonebwoy's 'Nominate' featuring Keri Hilson makes it to Billboard's digital song sales chart|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/stonebwoys-nominate-featuring-keri-hilson-makes-it-to-billboards-digital-song-sales-chart/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-11|title=Stonebwoy releases Nominate ft. Keri Hilson in South Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/stonebwoy-releases-nominate-ft-keri-hilson-south-africa|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=Music In Africa|language=en}}</ref> |- |Ebighị Ebi |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Official Video: Stonebwoy - Ever Lasting|url=https://www.crackermusic.com/official-video-stonebwoy-ever-lasting/|accessdate=2020-11-04|work=CrackerMusic.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Njem |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-24|title=Stonebwoy – Journey (Prod. By Riga)|url=https://www.ghanaclasic.com/stonebwoy-journey-prod-by-riga/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=Ghanaclasic.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Nkuto |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anloga Junction by Stonebwoy|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/anloga-junction/1500651510|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=Apple Music|language=en-us}}</ref> |- |Naanị Ịhụnanya |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-06|title=DOWNLOAD MP3:- Stonebwoy – "Only Love" Mp3 Download|url=https://awadimusic.com/download-mp3-music/stonebwoy-only-love/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=AwadiMusic|language=en}}</ref> |- |Mmegharị |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-07|title=Stonebwoy – Motion ft. Jahmiel|url=https://www.dcleakers.com/stonebwoy-ft-jahmiel-motion/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=DCLeakers.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Bow Down |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-24|title=Stonebwoy Ft. Nasty C – Bow Down (Prod. By Ipaapi) {{!}} Ghxclusives.Com|url=https://www.ghxclusives.com/stonebwoy-ft-nasty-c-bow-down-prod-by-ipaapi/|accessdate=2020-07-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Ihe dị oke mkpa |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-24|title=Stonebwoy Ft. Zlatan – Critical {{!}} Ghxclusives.Com|url=https://www.ghxclusives.com/stonebwoy-ft-zlatan-critical/|accessdate=2020-07-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Madonna ojii |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy – Black Madonna ft. Diamond Platnumz [Music]|url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/stonebwoy-black-madonna-ft-diamond-platnumz-music/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=regioshop-hannover}}</ref> |- |Ihe oyiyi Afrịka |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mayne|title=Stonebwoy – African Idol lyrics Archives|url=https://kayflix.com/tag/stonebwoy-african-idol-lyrics/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=kayflix|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724233459/https://kayflix.com/tag/stonebwoy-african-idol-lyrics/}}</ref> |- |Ike na Olileanya |Anloga Junction |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ndwompafie|date=2020-04-24|title=Stonebwoy – Strength & Hope (Prod. by Kabaka Pyramid)|url=https://www.ndwompafie.net/stonebwoy-strength-hope-prod-by-kabaka-pyramid/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=Ndwompafie|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Putuu |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=2020-07-19|title=Stonebwoy – Putuu (Pray) (Freestyle)|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-putuu-pray-freestyle/|accessdate=2020-07-24|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725005519/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-putuu-pray-freestyle/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-19|title=DOWNLOAD MP3: Stonebwoy – Putuu (Freestyle)(Pray)|url=https://www.crackermusic.com/download-mp3-stonebwoy-putuu-freestylepray/|accessdate=2020-11-04|work=CrackerMusic.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113162229/https://www.crackermusic.com/download-mp3-stonebwoy-putuu-freestylepray/}}</ref> |- |Blaze Dem |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=2020-09-14|title=Stonebwoy – Blaze Dem (Freestyle)|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-blaze-dem-freestyle/|accessdate=2020-09-26|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022003128/https://www.ghanamotion.com/stonebwoy-blaze-dem-freestyle/}}</ref> |- |Mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|author=P|first=Milca|date=2020-12-07|title=Davido and Stonebwoy Collide On "Activate" {{!}} The Source {{!}}|url=https://thesource.com/2020/12/07/davido-and-stonebwoy-collide-on-activate/|accessdate=2021-01-23|work=The Source|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |1Gad |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-05|title=Stonebwoy releases prophecies in new single '1 Gad'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-releases-prophecies-in-new-single-1-Gad-1173097|accessdate=2021-07-04|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-11|title=Stonebwoy Stands Up To His Shadow In New Single '1GAD'|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/stonebwoy-1gad-new-single/|accessdate=2021-07-04|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref> |- |Anyị na-agagharị |Ọ bụghị abọm | |- |Ngọzi |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Stonebwoy & Vic Mensa Team Up In New Music Video For 'Blessing'|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/stonebwoy-vic-mensa-blessing-/|accessdate=2021-07-04|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref> |- |N'èzí |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stonebwoy drops song for #FixTheCountry campaign - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/stonebwoy-drops-song-for-fixthecountry-campaign/|accessdate=2021-07-04|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-01|title=#FixTheCountry: Stonebwoy releases song to condemn Ejura killings|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/FixTheCountry-Stonebwoy-releases-song-to-condemn-Ejura-killings-1299232|accessdate=2021-07-04|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701153129/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/FixTheCountry-Stonebwoy-releases-song-to-condemn-Ejura-killings-1299232}}</ref> |- |Ariba |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-11|title=Stonebwoy and Focalistic connect on new Amapiano sound ‘ARIBA’|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-and-Focalistic-connect-on-new-Amapiano-sound-ARIBA-1354384|accessdate=2021-09-23|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604090052/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-and-Focalistic-connect-on-new-Amapiano-sound-ARIBA-1354384}}</ref> |- |Ndị nwoke anyaukwu |Ọ bụghị abọm |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-03|title=Stonebwoy lashes illegal miners in ‘Greedy Men’|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-lashes-illegal-miners-in-Greedy-Men-1394290|accessdate=2021-11-05|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2021-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105015427/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-lashes-illegal-miners-in-Greedy-Men-1394290}}</ref> |} ; E gosipụtara ya n'ime * 2021: "Guns of Navarone" (<small>Sean Paul</small> <small>feat</small>. <small>Jesse Royal, Stonebwoy & Mutabaruka)</small> {| class="wikitable" |+ Ihe nrite nke Stonebwoy meriri na nhọpụta ya !Afọ !Emume onyinye !Ihe Nrite E Nyere !Ọrụ a họpụtara / onye nnata !Nsonaazụ !Ref |- | rowspan="7" |2015 |BET Awards |Best International Act |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/June-28th/stonebwoy-wins-2015-bet-awards-best-international-act.php|title=Stonebwoy wins 2015 BET Awards Best International Act - MyJoyOnline.com|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019|archivedate=9 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809153637/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/June-28th/stonebwoy-wins-2015-bet-awards-best-international-act.php}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Vodafone Ghana Music Ihe nrite |Onye na-ese ihe nke afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="SetsRecord">{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/April-15th/stonebwoy-sets-record-wins-reggaedancehall-artiste-award-4-times.php|title=Stonebwoy sets record, wins 'Reggae/Dancehall Artiste' award 4 times|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- |Reggae/Dancehall Artiste nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="SetsRecord" /> |- |All Africa Music Awards |Best African Reggae, Ragga na Dancehall |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/November-16th/stonebwoy-wiyaala-win-at-2015-all-africa-music-awards.php|title=Stonebwoy, Wiyaala win at 2015 All Africa Music Awards - MyJoyOnline.com|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |MTN 4Syte Music Ihe nrite |Best Reggae/Dancehall Vidio |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="Dominates">{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/stonebwoy-dominates-4syte-awards|title=Stonebwoy dominates 4Syte Awards|date=17 November 2015|work=Music In Africa|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- |Vidio kacha mma |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="Dominates" /> |- |Onye na-ese ihe kachasị emetụta |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="Dominates" /> |- | rowspan="6" |2016 |International Reggae na World Music Awards |Omume Kasị Nkwa |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-and-Shatta-Wale-win-big-at-IRAWMA-2016-474835|title=Stonebwoy and Shatta Wale win big at IRAWMA 2016|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019|archivedate=9 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809153635/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stonebwoy-and-Shatta-Wale-win-big-at-IRAWMA-2016-474835}}</ref> |- |Vodafone Ghana Music Ihe nrite |Reggae/Dancehall Abụ nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="SetsRecord" /> |- | rowspan="4" |Ghana Music Awards UK |Abụ kachasị ewu ewu nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name="2016Ghana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghana-Music-Awards-UK-2016-See-full-list-of-winners-484312|title=Ghana Music Awards UK 2016: See full list of winners|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=7 November 2016|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- |Reggae/Dancehall Abụ nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="2016Ghana" /> |- |Artiste nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name="2016Ghana" /> |- |Abọm nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="2016Ghana" /> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |BET Awards |Best International Act |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/may-15th/stonebwoy-nominated-for-2017-bet-awards.php|title=Stonebwoy nominated for 2017 BET Awards|date=15 May 2017|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019|archivedate=9 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809153641/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/may-15th/stonebwoy-nominated-for-2017-bet-awards.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/bet-awards-2017-full-list-of-nominees-announced/|title=BET Awards 2017 : Full List Of Nominees Announced|date=15 May 2017|work=NYDJ Live|language=en-GB|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Vodafone Ghana Music Ihe nrite |Reggae/Dancehall Artiste nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="VGMA2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-at-VGMA-2017-527196|title=Full list of winners at VGMA 2017|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=9 April 2017|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- |Reggae/Dancehall Abụ nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="VGMA2017" /> |- | rowspan="6" |2018 |All Africa Music Awards |Best Reggae/Dancehall Onye na-ese ihe n'Afrịka |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/November-27th/full-list-all-the-winners-at-2018-afrima.php|title=Full list: All the winners at 2018 AFRIMA|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019|archivedate=9 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173725/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/November-27th/full-list-all-the-winners-at-2018-afrima.php}}</ref> |- |Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards |Onye ọkacha mmasị African Star |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/March-25th/stonebwoy-takes-favorite-african-star-award-at-2019-nickelodeon-kids-choice.php|title=Stonebwoy takes 'Favorite African Star' award at 2019 Nickelodeon Kids Choice|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019|archivedate=3 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803003547/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/March-25th/stonebwoy-takes-favorite-african-star-award-at-2019-nickelodeon-kids-choice.php}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |3Music Awards |Reggae/Dancehall artist nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="2018Awards">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-for-2018-3-Music-Awards-637589|title=Full list of winners for 2018 3 Music Awards|work=www.ghanaweb.com|date=25 March 2018|language=en|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> |- |Twitstar nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="2018Awards" /> |- |Instagram Star nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref name="2018Awards" /> |- |Vodafone Ghana Music Ihe nrite |Reggae/Dancehall Artiste nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/April-15th/full-list-of-winners-at-2018-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php|title=Full list of winners at 2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=9 August 2019|archivedate=15 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415054014/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/April-15th/full-list-of-winners-at-2018-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |African Entertainment Awards USA |Onye egwu nwoke kacha mma |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanentertainmentawards.org/best-male-artist-stonebwoy/|title=Best Male Artist – Stonebwoy – AEAUSA|language=en-US|accessdate=9 November 2019|archivedate=21 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021081742/https://www.africanentertainmentawards.org/best-male-artist-stonebwoy/}}</ref> |- |AFRIMA 2019 |Best Reggae Dancehall Artiste |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghnewslab.com/2019/11/afrima-2019-stonebwoy-wins-reggae-dancehall-artiste-for-3rd-time.html|title=AFRIMA 2019 – Stonebwoy wins Reggae Dancehall artiste for 3rd time|language=en-US|accessdate=23 November 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |International Reggae na World Music Awards |Best African Reggae/Dancehall Onye na-eme egwuregwu |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/irawma20-stonebwoy-beats-burna-boy-shatta-wale-to-win-best-african-dancehall-entertainer/|title=IRAWMA'20: Stonebwoy beats Burna Boy, Shatta Wale to win Best African Dancehall entertainer|date=22 March 2020|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museafrica.com/stonebwoy-adjudged-best-african-reggae-dancehall-entertainer-at-irawma/|title=Stonebwoy adjudged Best African Reggae/Dancehall Entertainer at IRAWMA – museafrica|language=en-US|accessdate=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jamsbase.com/album-stonebwoy-anloga-junction/|title=Stonebwoy Anloga Junction Album – Jamsbase|language=en-US|accessdate=23 May 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |2022 |3Music Awards |Reggae/Dancehall Act nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kotey|first=Nii|date=27 March 2022|title=3Music News: 3Music Awards '22: Here are all the winners|url=https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|accessdate=27 March 2022|work=3Music TV|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032059/https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|archive-date=1 April 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |Vodafone Ghana Music Ihe nrite |Vodafone Green Award |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=Music|title=LIST OF WINNERS – 2022 VODAFONE GHANA MUSIC AWARDS|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2022/05/06/live-2022-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/|work=www.ghanamusic.com|publisher=Emmanuel Ghansah|accessdate=21 May 2022}}</ref> |- |Reggae/Dancehall Artiste nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=Music|title=LIST OF WINNERS – 2022 VODAFONE GHANA MUSIC AWARDS|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2022/05/06/live-2022-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/|work=www.ghanamusic.com|publisher=Emmanuel Ghansah|accessdate=21 May 2022}}</ref> |- |Egwú Maka Ezi Ihe |Ndị nwoke anyaukwu |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=Music|title=LIST OF WINNERS – 2022 VODAFONE GHANA MUSIC AWARDS|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2022/05/06/live-2022-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/|work=www.ghanamusic.com|publisher=Emmanuel Ghansah|accessdate=21 May 2022}}</ref> |- |Mmekọrịta kacha mma |Onye ozi na-atọ ụtọ (featured) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=Music|title=LIST OF WINNERS – 2022 VODAFONE GHANA MUSIC AWARDS|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2022/05/06/live-2022-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/|work=www.ghanamusic.com|publisher=Emmanuel Ghansah|accessdate=21 May 2022}}</ref> |} === Ihe nrite mmeri ntụrụndụ === Na Machị 2021, abọm ya bụ ''Anloga Junction'' meriri na ihe nrite nke abọm nke afọ na Ihe nrite Mmeri Ntụrụndụ. O ritekwara ihe nrite nwoke nke afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-28|title=#EAAwards: Winning Album of the Year 'a big one for me' – Stonebwoy|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/03/eaawards-winning-album-of-the-year-a-big-one-for-me-stonebwoy/|accessdate=2021-03-29|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ihe Nrite nke ndị 3Music === Na Machị 2021, abọm ya bụ ''Anloga Junction'' meriri na nrite abọm nke afọ na 3Music Awards. Egwu ya bụ Putuu Freestyle (Ekpere) meriri na Egwu nke wuru ewụ nke afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=3Music Awards 2021: Full list of winners - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/3music-awards-2021-full-list-of-winners/|accessdate=2021-03-29|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === International Reggae na World Music Awards (IRAWMA) === Na Mee 2021, a họpụtara ya maka 'Best African Dancehall Entertainer Award'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarkodie, Shatta Wale, Kwame Yeboah, DJ Switch win awards at 2021 IRAWMA - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sarkodie-shatta-wale-kwame-yeboah-dj-switch-win-awards-at-2021-irawma/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0ac287bvz2s5fdpzafaj4h3ywof9o6j 0 13929 728230 723045 2026-09-26T14:29:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Okechukwu Ofiaeli''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Okey''', bụ onye Naijiria na-ese ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi nke bi na Queens, New York.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://observer.com/2018/03/artists-of-the-first-southeast-queens-biennial-showcase-borough-pride/|title=Why Southeast Queens Is Primed to Be NYC's Next Creative Hub|date=2018-03-19|work=Observer|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.qchron.com/editions/eastern/former-jamaica-park-gets-needed-touch-up/article_871de2a8-8998-5029-b9de-ed57438d0462.html|title=Former Jamaica park gets needed touch-up|work=Queens Chronicle|accessdate=2018-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427175934/http://www.qchron.com/editions/eastern/former-jamaica-park-gets-needed-touch-up/article_871de2a8-8998-5029-b9de-ed57438d0462.html|archive-date=2018-04-27|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyartbeat.com/event/2011/E353|title=NYAB Event - "Faces of New York" Exhibition|work=www.nyartbeat.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-25}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Okechukwu Okoye "Okegrass" ma ọ bụ "Okey" Ofiaeli na [[Lagos]], Naijiria n'ime ezinụlọ ndị na-ese ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ọzụzụ nka, Ofiaelie malitere ịmụ ọrụ aka obodo na 1983 ma gụọ akwụkwọ na National Gallery of Crafts / Design ruo 2004.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://18thstreet.org/artists/ofiaeli-okechukwu-okoye/|title=Ofiaeli Okechukwu Okoye, 2000 {{!}} 18th Street Arts Center|work=18th Street Arts Center|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọrụ Ofiaeli malitere mgbe ọ na-enweghị ego iji zụta okpu anyanwụ iji kpuchie anya ya mgbe ọ na-ekiri [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]]. Ọ hụrụ onye ọka ikpe ahụ ka ọ na-eyi okpu ahịhịa a kpara akpa ma ṅomie okpu ahụ site na osisi akị bekee sitere n'ogige nna ya. Site na ewum ewu nke okpu ya, Ofiaeli sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ inyocha usoro a, na-agba mpaghara dị n'etiti nka na ọrụ aka. Ịhụ usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na obodo ya bụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] kpalikwara mmasị ya maka imegharị ihe ndị a tụfuru dị ka ihe ọzọ na ala ọkụ gbara ma gbuo ala ha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://untappedcities.com/2018/02/27/a-locus-of-moving-points-brings-southeast-queens-to-the-forefront/|title='A Locus of Moving Points' Exhibit Brings Southeast Queens to the Forefront|date=2018-02-27|work=Untapped Cities|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2000, ọ gara US na nke mbụ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe na 18th Street Art Center na Santa Monica, California. Ahụmahụ a mere ka ndị Federal Ministry of Arts and Culture nke Naịjirịa lebara anya na ọrụ Ofiaeli na Lagos ebe ha wuru ụlọ ọrụ mba maka ndị na-ese ihe. Ihe ọkpụkpụ Ofiaeli na-enyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi site na iji ihe ndị a chọtara na saịtị.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://yorkpbnews.net/news/york-features-southeast-queens-artists-work-in-fine-arts-gallery/|title=York Features Southeast Queens Artists' Work in Fine Arts Gallery|date=2018-03-22|work=Pandoras Box|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=en}}</ref> O debere ụlọ ọrụ na [[Ȯra Ebonyi|Ebonyi]], Naijiria iji chịkọta ihe ndị obodo, ọkachasị ahịhịa enyí. Ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ya na-achịkọta ahịhịa ndị a ga-etinyekarị ọkụ iji chụwa ma kpochapụ ubi. Kemgbe oge a, uru nke ahịhịa a agbanweela ma mepụta usoro ọhụrụ iji ya dị ka ihe ọkụkụ ego. Na Santa Monica, o ji mahogany, nkwụ, na mkpụrụ mangoro.<ref name=":4"/> Na New York, ọ na-eji akụkụ osisi Sikamo dara ada.<ref name=":2"/> N'afọ 2016, ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na Jamaica Center for Arts and Learning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arthaps.com/show/first-friday-residency-series-2|title=First Friday Residency Series At 161-04 Jamaica Avenue, Jamaica, NY 11432.|work=ART HAPS|accessdate=2018-04-25}}</ref> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ ihe iji kụziere ụmụ akwụkwọ otu esi ebugharị ihe n'ime ọrụ nka na ihe eji eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://queenspress.com/events-in-queens-august-5-11-2016/|title=Events In Queens: August 5–11, 2016Queens Press {{!}} Queens Press|date=2016-08-05|work=Press Of Southeast Queens|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043736/http://queenspress.com/events-in-queens-august-5-11-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-akụzi ihe ọmụmụ ihe ndị a n'ụlọ ya na New York na n'ime obodo nta dị na Naịjirịa ebe ha na-amụta otu esi emepụta ihe ndị a site na ihe ndị a tụfuru ma ree ha maka uru.<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2003, o ritere onyinye International Fund for the Promotion of Culture grant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/ifpc/content/projects-co-financed|title=Projects co-financed {{!}} International Fund for the Promotion of Culture|work=en.unesco.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-25}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Chashama Gallery na New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chashama.org/event/faces_of_new_york|title=Faces of New York|date=2011|work=Chashama}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Ofiaeli natara Queens Council of the Arts Individual Artist Grant iji weta ụlọ ọrụ ya gburugburu mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://queenscouncil-onthearts.squarespace.com/blog/?offset=1502802000533|title=Blog|work=Queens Council on the Arts|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queenscouncilarts.org/calendar/2015/10/17/waste-to-wealth|title=WASTE TO WEALTH|work=Queens Council on the Arts|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-04-25|archivedate=2019-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044657/https://www.queenscouncilarts.org/calendar/2015/10/17/waste-to-wealth}}</ref> E nyere otu n'ime ọmụmụ ihe ndị a n'akụkụ ihe ngosi ya na Southeast Queens Biennial na 2018. Ihe ngosi a bụ nke No Longer Empty haziri na York College ma gosipụtakwa ọrụ Janet Henry, Shervone Neckles na Damali Abrams.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesledger.com/stories/2015/8/artists_2015_02_20_q.html|title=Artists receive Queens Council on the Arts grants|work=TimesLedger|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=en}}</ref> Nakwa na 2018 e gosipụtara ọrụ Ofiaeli na Korean Cultural Center, New York, iji cheta olimpik oge oyi na PyeongChang.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gothamtogo.com/celebrating-the-2018-winter-olympics-an-exhibit-of-art-fashion/|title=Celebrating the 2018 Winter Olympics ~ an Exhibit of Art + Fashion at The Korean Cultural Center NYC|date=2018-01-26|work=GothamToGo|accessdate=2018-04-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042817/https://gothamtogo.com/celebrating-the-2018-winter-olympics-an-exhibit-of-art-fashion/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyculturebeat.com/index.php?mid=CulBeatExpress&document_srl=3655222&npage=573|title=CulBeat Express - 뉴욕한국문화원 평창동계올림픽 개막 D-100일 기념 특별전(11/15-1/31)|work=www.nyculturebeat.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-25|archivedate=2019-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043536/http://www.nyculturebeat.com/index.php?mid=CulBeatExpress&document_srl=3655222&npage=573}}</ref> Ọrụ ya dị na nchịkọta ọha nke National Museum na Badagry, Goethe Instut na Lagos, Japan External Trade Organization Lagos na 18th Street Arts Center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.okegrass.com/|title=okegrass|accessdate=2022-06-04|archivedate=2018-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425172400/http://www.okegrass.com/}}</ref> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] slolqvae1tqt2xynskhdkxpa90abqxw 0 14081 728355 723554 2026-09-27T00:30:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Akorede Babatunde Okunola''' {{Audio|Yo-Saheed Osupa.ogg|Audio}}(a mụrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke 7 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1969) nke a makwaara aha ya bụ Saheed Osupa ma ọ bụ King '''Saheed Osupa''' (K.S.O) bụ onye egwu Fuji nke Naijiria, [[Actor|onye na-eme ihe nkiri]] na onye mmepụta Hip Fuji . == Mmalite ndụ Ya == A mụrụ Saheed Osupa na mpaghara Mosafejo nke Ajegunle, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]] mana o tolitere dị ka nwata na [[Ibadan]], isi obodo [[Ȯra Ọyọ|Oyo Steeti]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://punchng.com/k1-insulted-his-master-barrister-saheed-osupa/|title=K1 insulted his master, Barrister – Saheed Osupa|work=[[The Punch|The Punch Newspaper]]|author=Ayotebi|first=Femi|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=20 July 2017}}</ref> Nna ya, Moshood Ajiwere Layeye bụ onye na-agu egwu Wéré ma bụrụkwa nwa nwanne nna nke onye egwu Fuji Ayinde Barrister.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/i-used-to-have-stage-fright-saheed-osupa/|title=I USED TO HAVE STAGE-FRIGHT –SAHEED OSUPA|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]|author=Akinola|first=Sikiru|date=18 July 2015|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ ya == Saheed Osupa gara Amuwo Odofin High School nke dị na na Lagos, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1987.<ref name="films" /> N'afọ 1992, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ Diploma Mba na Ụlọ akwụkwọ pọliteknik Ibadan mgbe ọ gụsịrị Business Administration. Ọ bụ onye gụrụ akwụkwọ na American International College ebe ọ gụrụ Ọrụ netwọk .<ref name="films">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/1887/3/saheed-osupa-speaks-on-war-in-the-house-of-fuji.html|title=Saheed Osupa speaks on war in the house of Fuji|work=Nigeria Films|author=Obatusin|first=Taiwo|accessdate=4 February 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205070431/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/1887/3/saheed-osupa-speaks-on-war-in-the-house-of-fuji.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya == === Egwú Fuji === Saheed Osupa malitere egwu mgbe ọ dịna ntorobịa na ụma n'afọ 1983 dị ka onye na-ese fuji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-08-05|title=I am a self-made man - King Saheed Osupa|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/08/am-a-self-made-man-king-saheed-osupa/|accessdate=2021-03-26|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Abọm mbụ ya akpọrọ ''Fuji Fa Disco'', Followed by ''Fuji Blues'' . O weputara ihe karịrị abọm studio iri anọ gụnyere abọm studio anọ n'ime otu nke akpọrọ Mr. Music .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.encomium.ng/my-fight-with-pasuma-is-simply-over-supremacy-saheed-osupa/|title=‘My fight with Pasuma is simply over supremacy’ - Saheed Osupa|work=Ecomium Magazine|date=30 December 2015|accessdate=5 February 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, Ayinde Barrister kwupụtara Saheed Osupa dịka "Eze Fuji Music".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/day-female-fan-stripped-felix-duke/|title=Pasuma Wonder VS Saheed Osupa: Who is taking over Fujidom?|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun News]]|date=23 August 2014|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> === Egwú hip hop === Saheed Osupa bụ HIP FUJI Creator, Na 12 nke June 2018 ọ wepụtara hip Fuji Album mbụ ya nke akpọrọ: Enweghị nkwụsị . Na 20 Disemba 2014 Saheed Osupa wepụtara egwu hip hop akpọrọ "Vanakula" nke K-Solo mepụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jaguda.com/2014/12/23/new-music-king-saheed-osupa-vanakula/|title=New Music: King Saheed Osupa - Vanakula|publisher=Jaguda.com|author=Alash|first=Bob|date=23 December 2014|accessdate=4 February 2016|archivedate=27 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227110127/http://jaguda.com/2014/12/23/new-music-king-saheed-osupa-vanakula/}}</ref> Na 13 Eprel 2015, o wepụtara egwu K-Solo ọzọ akpọrọ "African Beauty" na olu sitere na Yetunde Omobadan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijabambam.com/king-saheed-osupa-african-beauty-ft-yetunde-omobadan/|title=King Saheed Osupa – African Beauty Ft Yetunde Omobadan|publisher=NaijaBamBam|date=13 April 2015|accessdate=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212103124/http://naijabambam.com/king-saheed-osupa-african-beauty-ft-yetunde-omobadan/|archive-date=12 December 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 8 Ọgọstụ 2015, o gosipụtara Seriki na egwu ọzọ akpọrọ "Womi".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.notjustok.com/2015/08/08/saheed-osupa-ft-seriki-womi-prod-k-solo/|title=Saheed Osupa ft. Seriki – WOMI (prod. K-Solo)|publisher=[[NotJustOk]]|date=8 August 2015|accessdate=4 February 2016|archivedate=5 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205064526/http://notjustok.com/2015/08/08/saheed-osupa-ft-seriki-womi-prod-k-solo/}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 7, 2015, e depụtara Saheed Osupa na ''[[Nigeria Entertainment Today|The]]'' NET's "Most Successful Nigerian musicians".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenet.ng/2015/11/net-special-most-successful-nigerian-musicians-ever/|title=NET SPECIAL: Most successful Nigerian musicians ever|work=[[Nigeria Entertainment Today]]|author=Badmus|first=Kayode|date=7 November 2015|accessdate=4 February 2016|archive-date=14 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214213412/http://thenet.ng/2015/11/net-special-most-successful-nigerian-musicians-ever/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenet.ng/2014/12/saheed-osupa-to-drop-debut-hip-hop-single-vanakula/|title=Saheed Osupa to drop debut hip hop single, ‘VanaKula’|work=[[Nigeria Entertainment Today]]|author=Showemimo|first=Dayo|date=19 December 2014|accessdate=4 February 2016|archive-date=1 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201033541/http://thenet.ng/2014/12/saheed-osupa-to-drop-debut-hip-hop-single-vanakula/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenet.ng/2015/11/saheed-osupa-unveils-poster-for-new-2-in-1-album/|title=Saheed Osupa unveils poster for new 2-in-1 album|work=[[Nigeria Entertainment Today]]|author=Timilehin|first=Ajagunna|date=27 November 2015|accessdate=4 February 2016|archive-date=31 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131215110/http://thenet.ng/2015/11/saheed-osupa-unveils-poster-for-new-2-in-1-album/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ime ihe nkiri === Saheed Osupa apụtawo na ihe nkiri Yoruba karịrị iri atọ. == Esemokwu ya na Wasiu Alabi Pasuma == Saheed Osupa na Wasiu Alabi Pasuma enweela ọtụtụ asọmpi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/new/man-ban-saheed-osupa-pasuma-lock-horns/|title=MAN Ban: Saheed Osupa, Pasuma lock horns|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun Newspaper]]|date=15 March 2015|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> Ihe kachasị ama bụ ọgụ ha maka ihe ịga nke ọma na 1998/1999 na maka ịdị elu gburugburu 2007. Osupa onye kwenyere na ezigbo enyi ya, Pasuma ga-akwado ya na esemokwu ya na ndị egwu Fuji ndị ọzọ ọkachasị Alhaji Wasiu Ayinde. Pasuma n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ weere akụkụ nke K1 D ikpeazụ ma bụrụ onye osote K1. Saheed Osupa wepụtara ihe dị ka ihe ndekọ iri na-ekwu maka mmanụ ụgbọala ndị a ma ha niile nwere ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ kpọọrọ ndị niile ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ ka ha na-ehicha ma nye ya onye mmeri na Eze nke Music (Fuji). O mechara wepụta abọm mbụ 4-in-1 n'afọ 2007/2008 aha ya bụ nkwado. Abọm a rere ihe karịrị nde iri abụọ n'ụwa niile. A na-akpọ ya dị ka otu n'ime abọm ya kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na abọm Fuji kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na narị afọ nke iri abụọ. ọ gara n'ihu nweta ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ. Esemokwu a na-aga n'ihu n'afọ 2012 gasịrị. Saheed Osupa kwuru na ọtụtụ nzukọ udo na-enweghị isi mere n'afọ 2010 na 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/04/my-grouse-with-mosebolatan-and-pasuma-saheed-osupa/|title=My grouse with Mosebolatan and Pasuma –Saheed Osupa|work=[[The Daily Independent (Lagos newspaper)|Daily Independent Newspaper]]|author=Akintola|first=Lukmon|date=5 April 2014|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> == Ọmụme Ihe Ngosi == === Ndị otu egwu a họọrọ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" | colspan="3" style="font-size:110%" | <center>'''Dị ka onye isi nka'''</center> |- !Afọ !Aha !Abọm |- |2014 |"Vanakula" |{{TBA}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |"African Beauty" (<span style="font-size:85%;">Yetunde Omobadan</span>) |{{TBA}} |- |"Womi" (<span style="font-size:85%;">Seriki</span>) |{{TBA}} |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |"Labodan" (<span style="font-size:85%;">Temitope Kush</span>) |{{TBA}} |- |"Abeke" |{{TBA}} |- | |"Awon Temi" Ft Temitope Kush |{{TBA}} |- |} ==== Albọm Ụlọ ihe nkiri ====   * Dynamism (Monday 13/8/2018) * '' C Ịdọ aka ná ntị 2019'' * Iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe (07/08/2019) * Permutation (23/12/2019) * Arịrịọ pụrụ iche-2 nd 1(05/07/2020) * Eni Olohun (2020) * Permutation(2020) * Arịrịọ Pụrụ Iche (2020) * Gịnị Na-esote (2020) * Diary (2021) * Nduzi (2021) * Ike nke egwu (2022) == Ihe nkiri a họọrọ ==   == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ya == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Emume onyinye !Nrite !Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |FIBAN Awards |Onye egwu Fuji kacha mma |{{Nom}} |- |Yoruba Academy Awards |Onye egwu kachasị mma n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |City People Entertainment Awards |Onye egwu Fuji kacha mma nke afọ |{{Won}} |- |Nigerian Achievers Award 2015 |Onye egwu Fuji kacha mma |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |The Yoruba Image International Awards |Onye egwu Fuji kacha mma nke afọ |{{Won}} |} == Edensibia ==  {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 57spvcp8v4774q0fl6z6z35fn9493vr 0 14136 728463 719142 2026-09-27T11:04:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[ Format:Walle Georgetown (cropped).JPG | thumb [[Category:Articles with short description ]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] '''Olubowale Victor Akintimehin''' (a mụrụ na Septemba 21, 1984), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ Wale (/ˈwɔːleɪ/ WAH-lay), bụ onye na-akụ egwu na Naijiria na Amerịka. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na 2006, mgbe egwu ya "Dig Dug (Shake It)" ghọrọ ihe a ma ama n'obodo ya. Wale ghọrọ onye ama ama na mpaghara ma gaa n'ihu na-edekọ egwu maka ndị na-ege ntị na mpaghara. Wale zutere onye na-emepụta DJ nke Bekee bụ Mark Ronson n'afọ 2006 wee sonye na labelụ ya, Allido Records n'afọ 2007. Mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na akara ahụ, Wale wepụtara ọtụtụ mixtapes ma pụta na mgbasa ozi mba gụnyere MTV na magazin dị iche iche nke Black American. E gosipụtara egwu a na-akpọ "Ridin' in That Black Joint" na egwuregwu vidio amaara nke ''Saints Row 2'' na 2008. N'afọ 2008, agha atọ mere ka Wale bịanye aka na Interscope Records maka $ 1.3 nde, a tọhapụrụ abọm mbụ ya bụ Attention Deficit n'afọ 2009 na egwu "Chillin" (nke gosipụtara [[Lady Gaga]]), "Pretty Girls" (nke gosipụtara Gucci Mane), na "World Tour" (nke gosipụtara [[Jazmine Sullivan]]). Abọm ahụ, Na-agbanyegị na ezie na ọ dị n'okpuru ụgbọ mmiri, nwetara nnabata dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. Ná mmalite afọ 2011, Wale bịanyere aka na Florida rapper Rick Ross 'Maybach Music Group, ebe ndị otu labelụ ahụ wepụtara album nchịkọta, Self Made Vol. 1 na Mee 23, 2011. E wepụtara abọm studio ya nke abụọ, Ambition na Nọvemba 1, 2011, na nyocha dị iche iche. E wepụtara abọm studio ya nke atọ, The Gifted, na June 25 2013, na nyocha dị mma; ọ malitere otu na <nowiki><i id="mwJw">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200. E wepụtara ''abọm'' ''Billboard'' nke abụọ ya bụ The Album About Nothing na Machị 31, 2015. N'afọ 2018, Wale wepụtara EPs atọ akpọrọ It's Complicated, Self-Promotion na Free Lunch .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/09/folarin-season-are-we-entering-a-wale-renaissance|title=Folarin Season: Are We Entering A Wale Renaissance?|date=2018-09-17|work=Vibe|accessdate=2019-01-14}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Wale wepụtara abọm studio nke isii ya bụ ''Wow'' .''.. Nke ahụ bụ Crazy'', ya na egwu "On Chill" (nke gosipụtara Jeremih) wepụtara na Julaị 12, 2019. E nwetara nyocha dị mma ma nke egwu ahụ ma nọrọ izu iri abụọ na atọ na ''Billboard'' Hot 100, na-eru na nọmba iri abụọ na abụọ. N'afọ 2021, Wale sochiri mixtape Folarin ya nke afọ 2012 na abọm studio nke asaa ya bụ ''Folarin'' II .<ref name="Complex2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/wale-folarin-ii-album-stream|title=Stream Wale's New Album 'Folarin II' f/ J. Cole, Rick Ross, Jamie Foxx, and More.|first=Jordan|author=Rose|work=Complex|date=October 22, 2021|accessdate=November 8, 2021|archivedate=November 8, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108195714/https://www.complex.com/music/wale-folarin-ii-album-stream}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == === 1984–2007: Mmalite ndụ na mmalite ọrụ === A mụrụ Olubowale Victor Akintimehin na Septemba 21, 1984, na Northwest, Washington, D.C. Nne na nna ya sitere n'agbụrụ [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria, ha abụọ si [[Austria]] bịa United States na 1979.<ref name="Great Rap Hope" /> Ezinụlọ Wale bu ụzọ biri na Northwest, Washington, DC, wee kwaga Montgomery County, Maryland, mgbe Wale dị afọ iri. N'afọ 2002, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Quince Orchard High School na Gaithersburg, wee kwaga Largo<ref name="DMV">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gazette.net/stories/08122009/entenew131835_32521.shtml|title=The DMV (District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia) finds its voice|author=Everett|first=John Burgess|date=August 12, 2009|work=The Gazette|archive-date=August 21, 2009|access-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821083458/http://www.gazette.net/stories/08122009/entenew131835_32521.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Prince George's County. Wale gara Mahadum Robert Morris na Mahadum Virginia State na agụmakwụkwọ bọọlụ, wee bufee ya na Mahadum Bowie State. Otú ọ dị, ọ kwụsịrị n'ihi ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p1014023/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Wale > Biography|author=Cordor|first=Cyril|work=allmusic|accessdate=November 26, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Great Rap Hope">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/19/AR2007101900655_pf.html|title=The Great Rap Hope|author=Wiltz|first=Teresa|date=October 21, 2007|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=November 25, 2009}}</ref> Ịhụnanya Wale nwere maka egwuregwu bọọlụ na ndị otu a maara dị ka Washington Redskins emeela ka asịrị dị ogologo na Wale nwere egbugbu nke njedebe siri ike Chris Cooley.<ref name="Washington Redskins Interview">He was affiliated with the Richmond's local group Pearl University, who consisted of him Sidwonder and AK.{{Cite web|author=Terl|first=Matt|url=http://blog.redskins.com/2009/12/02/fast-facts-about-hip-hop-star-wale-and-the-redskins/|title=Fast Facts About Hip=Hop Star Wale and the Redskins|date=December 2, 2009|work=The Official Washington Redskins Blog|accessdate=December 23, 2009}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa nwa nwanne nna onye na-eme ihe nkiri Gbenga Akinnagbe, onye a maara nke ọma maka igwu egwu Chris Partlow na HBO's ''The Wire'' . Egwu mbụ Wale dekọrọ, nke a na-akpọ "Rhyme of the Century", ghọrọ abụ mbụ ya a na-akpọ na redio obodo. N'afọ 2006, e gosipụtara ya na kọlụm "Unsigned Hype" nke ''magazin'' The Source, ma mesịa bịanye aka na akara obodo, Studio 43. Egwu a, nke a na-akpọ "Dig Dug (Shake It)" ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na obodo Washington, DC, Maryland na Virginia, ma bụrụ ụtụ nye Ronald "Dig Dug" Dixon, onye bụ onye na-egwu egwu maka go-go band Northeast Groovers .<ref name="allmusic" /> Abụ ya a ghọrọ abụ kachasị achọ site n'aka onye na-ese ihe n'obodo na akụkọ redio Washington DC na Wale bụ onye mbụ na-ese ihe n'obodo ahụ iji nweta ụfọdụ BDS spins kemgbe DJ Kool na mmalite afọ 1990. E tinyere egwu a na mixtape mbụ nke Wale, Paint a Picture . N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2006, Wale chọtara onye nnọchi anya na Daniel Weisman, onye bụbu DJ klọb na onye nkwado nke na-enweghị ahụmịhe na njikwa.<ref name="hitquarters. com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_DWeisman1.html|title=Interview With Daniel Weisman (part 1)|publisher=[[HitQuarters]]|date=November 21, 2011|accessdate=November 25, 2011}}</ref> Otu enyi ya na Washington, D.C. gwara Weisman banyere onye na-eti egwu ahụ ma soro ya jikọọ site na Myspace.<ref name="hitquarters. com" /> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2006, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị egwu ọzọ na-emetụta go-go, nke a na-akpọ "Breakdown" (nke sitere na Huck-A-Bucks "Sexy Girl") ka a kpọtụrụ aha na ''The Washington Post'', Wale wepụtara egwu mbụ ya na-abụghị go-go-go, nke a na-akpọ "Uptown Roamers".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hahn|first=Fritz|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/30/AR2006083002583.html#Friday|title=Nightlife Agenda|work=The Washington Post|date=August 31, 2006|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> Na Septemba 14, 2006, "Uptown Roamers" malitere na XM Radio Channel 66, ebe a na-akpọ ya ugboro abụọ n'otu ụbọchị. Ma "Breakdown" na "Uptown Roamers" nọ na mixtape nke abụọ nke Wale, Hate Is the New Love . E gosipụtara egwu ahụ, "Breakdown" na ihe ngosi Madden NFL 2009. Wale nwetara ihe nrite maka "DC Metro Breakthrough Artist of the Year" na WKYS's Go-Go Awards na Nọvemba 2006.<ref name="Go-Go Shines">{{Cite news|author=Smith-Barrow|first=Delece|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/29/AR2006112900993.html|title=Go-Go Shines for a Night as District Luminaries Honor Its Stars|work=The Washington Post|date=November 30, 2006|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Disemba, onye nchịkọta akụkọ magazin Fader bụ Nick "Catchdubs" Barat gara Wale maka ajụjụ ọnụ na foto, nke pụtara na mbipụta March 2007 nke ''The Fader'' .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6718/is_2007_March/ai_n28424667/|title=New slang: raised on Reaganomics, go-go, and the neverending pursuit of freshness, Wale and Tabi Bonney rap for the capitol|date=March 2007|work=The Fader|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> Onye njikwa Weisman gwara HitQuarters na atụmatụ Fader, nyere egwu / ọdịbendị / ejiji nke magazin ahụ, tọrọ ntọala dị mkpa maka Wale iji tinye onwe ya dịka "onye dị mma, onye maara ihe, onye na-abịa hip-abịa n'ihu na hip-hop nke nwere ike ịbụ Drake n'ezie".<ref name="hitquarters. com" /> == Ụdị egwu == N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Flavorwire'', Wale kwuru na ọ na-etinye ihe ndị dị na go-go na egwu ya.<ref name="flavorwire">{{Cite web|url=http://flavorwire.com/8938/exclusive-wale-on-the-virtues-of-dc-and-tv|title=Exclusive: Wale on the Real DC, TVOTR, and Balancing Content and Flow|author=Dvorkin|first=Eli|date=January 26, 2009|work=Flavorwire|accessdate=December 23, 2009}}</ref> Cyril Cordor nke AllMusic kọwara go-go dịka "ihe na-adịghị mma, nke na-akpali akpali nke disco" nke sitere na mpaghara Washington, DC. Egwu mbụ nke Wale bụ ndị a na-egwuri egwu na mpaghara obodo ya gosipụtara ihe ndekọ go-go nke afọ 1990.<ref name="allmusic"/> N'ịtụle Attention Deficit, David Jeffries nke allmusic kwuru na Wale nwere "post-Kanye, post-Lil Wayne, alternative-meets-hardcore style" ma kwuo na otu egwu Wale bụ "Chillin", nke gosipụtara Lady Gaga, "na-emepụta ihe na-ejupụta n'ala ozugbo site na ihe ngosi sitere na egwu 1969 'Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye'.<ref name="Attention Deficit review">{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1663759/review|pure_url=yes}}|title=Attention Deficit: Review|date=November 10, 2009|work=allmusic|accessdate=December 23, 2009}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-agba mgba, Wale ekwuola ọtụtụ mgba na abụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rathod|first=Nikita|title=25 Professional Wrestling References in Hip Hop|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/25-professional-wrestling-references-in-hip-hop-news.9958.html|publisher=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402011112/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/25-professional-wrestling-references-in-hip-hop-news.9958.html|archive-date=2 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wale na-akwado WaleMania kwa afọ n'oge ngwụsị izu WrestleMania. Ọ pụtakwara ọtụtụ ugboro na telivishọn WWE, ebe ọ kwadoro agha rap n'etiti The New Day na The Usos na 4 July nke <nowiki><i id="mwAio">Smackdown Live</i></nowiki> na 2017, ọ bụkwa onye na-akọwa ndị ọbịa n'oge Noam Dar na TJP na <nowiki><i id="mwAi4">205 Live</i></nowiki> na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pappolla|first=Ryan|title=The New Day def. The Usos in the Rap Battle, hosted by Wale|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/2017-07-04/article/rap-battle-hosted-by-wale|publisher=[[WWE|WWE.com]]|accessdate=27 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Noam Dar def. TJP|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-205-live/2018-08-21/article/noam-dar-def-tjp|publisher=[[WWE|WWE.com]]|accessdate=27 August 2018}}</ref> Na Ọktọba 2, 2019, Wale duuru ndị bụbu ndị mmeri NXT Tag Team The Street Profits gaa mgbaaka maka aha ha megide ndị mmeri Bobby Fish na Kyle O'Reilly. Na WrestleMania 37, Wale duuru onye bụbu Intercontinental Champion Big E gaa mgbaaka megide onye mmeri Apollo Crews. Wale na-arụkwa egwu ọhụrụ nke Big E dị ka onye asọmpi otu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big E Brings Back Chalk Gimmick, Big E And Wale On His New Theme, Pat Patterson Honored On SmackDown|url=https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2020/12/big-e-brings-back-chalk-gimmick-677655/|publisher=Wrestling Inc.|accessdate=8 January 2021}}</ref> == Discography == * ''Enweghị nlebara anya'' (2009) * Ambition (2011) * The Gifted (2013) * The Album About Nothing (2015) * Shine (2017) * ''Wow... Nke ahụ bụ Crazy'' (2019) * ''Folarin'' II (2021) == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == Wale jikọtara ya na onye na-ere ahịa Philadelphia Ruvilla, na ASICS maka ngwaahịa a na-akpọ "Bottle Rocket" Asics Gel Lyte III na 2015.<ref name="Wale Collaboration">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/wale-previews-his-next-villa-x-asics-sneaker-collab-news.21871.html?|title=Wale collaborates Asiscs|author=Rooney|first=Kyle|date=May 26, 2016|work=Hotnewhiphop|accessdate=May 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528144702/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/wale-previews-his-next-villa-x-asics-sneaker-collab-news.21871.html|archive-date=May 28, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, ya na ASICS jikọrọ aka ọzọ na ngwaahịa nke gosipụtara ọla edo na oji na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.<ref name="Wale Collaboration" /> === Ngosipụta telivishọn === Wale gosipụtara Chango na oge 3 nke American Gods .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.looper.com/323792/why-chango-from-american-gods-season-3-looks-so-familiar/|title=Why Chango From American Gods Season 3 Looks So Familiar|work=Looper.com|author=Abbey White|date=2021-01-31|accessdate=2021-02-01}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == === African Muzik Magazine Awards ===    === BET Hip Hop Awards ===   == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] and4y1t63naw3vyycawxziw7fllnudl 0 14313 728241 656074 2026-09-26T15:24:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olumide Oyedeji''' (a mụrụ n'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1981) bụ onye egwuregwu èpèléǹkàtà na Naijiria nke gbara bọọlụ na National Basketball Association (NBA) maka oge atọ. == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Oyedeji gbara bọọlụ n'afọ 1999 na 2000 Nike Hoop Summits . Ndị Seattle SuperSonics họpụtara ya, na agba nke abụọ (nke iri anọ na abụọ n'ozuzu) nke 2000 NBA Draft . Ọ gbara ngụkọta nke egwuregwu 93 n'oge 3 na NBA, ma nwee ọrụ nkezi nke akara 1.4 kwa egwuregwu, 2.1 rebounds kwa egwuregwu, 0.1 na-enyere aka kwa egwuregwu, na 0.2 na-ezu ohi kwa egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=olumide_oyedeji|title=Olumide Oyedeji Historical Profile|publisher=Nba.com|date=11 May 1981}}</ref> Emere egwuregwu NBA ikpeazụ ya na Eprel 1st, 2003 na 105 - 118 ọnwụ na San Antonio Spurs ebe ọ na-edeghị stats. Ọ ọ tụkwara èpèléǹkàtà na Spanish League na Granada . Oyedeji na Shanxi Zhongyu tụrụ èpèléǹkàtà na Chinese Basketball Association.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/12/content_10497227.htm|title=Bonzi Wells joins CBA with Shanxi Zhongyu|publisher=News.xinhuanet.com|date=12 December 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215012129/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/12/content_10497227.htm|archivedate=15 December 2008}}</ref> Ọ tụrụ na Changwon LG Sakers nke Korean Basketball League n'afọ 2011. Otú ọ dị, a tọhapụrụ ya na ndị otu ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enweta akara 10.8, 15.0 rebounds, na 1.7 blocks kwa egwuregwu. Oyedeji bịanyere aka na London Lions, bụ ndị na-asọmpi na British Basketball League, n'afọ 2015. == Ndị otu mba ya == Oyedeji bụ onye otu ndị isi otu egwuregwu èpèléǹkàtà ụmụ nwoke Naịjirịa kemgbe afọ 1997. O nyere aka nke ukwuu na ndị otu mba ya sonyere na FIBA Africa Nations Cup n'afọ 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2011, 2013 na 2015. O duuru Naịjirịa gaa iko AfroBasket mbụ ya na Tunisia n'afọ 2015. Oyedeji ritere ọla ọcha n'afọ 1997, 1999 na 2003 n'otu n'otu n'oge FIBA Africa Nations Cup. O ritere ọla nchara na 2005 FIBA Africa Championship nakwa 2011 FIBA Africa Championship . Oyedeji anọchitela anya obodo ya na All Africa Games na-enweta ọla nchara n'afọ 1999, 2007 na 2015, ọla ọcha na 2003 na ọla edo n'afọ 2011. Ọ tụrụ èpèléǹkàtà na FIBA World Cup na 1999 na 2012 Summer Olympics . Oyedeji bụ onye egwuregwu Afrịka mbụ gosipụtara na asọmpi basketball niile dị mkpa na ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ, gụnyere Egwuregwu Olympic, iko mba ụwa, Egwuregwu Commonwealth, Egwuregwu Afrịka niile, NBA, Euro-League, na Asia Championship. Oyedeji gosipụtara na asọmpi ịkpọ òkù na South Africa ebe ọ bụ onye isi ndị otu ahụ ma duru ha gaa mmeri na njedebe. Ndị otu egwuregwu Naịjirịa, D'Tigers, pụtara n'ozuzu ha meriri n'asọmpi èpèléǹkàtà mba anọ nke afọ 2015 nke South Africa kwadoro na Sọnde 22 Machị 2015. Oyedeji, onye isi ndị otu ụmụ nwoke Naịjirịa, pụtara MVP nke asọmpi ahụ. D'Tigers meriri Mozambique 72-59 na egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha iji merie asọmpi mmeghe emere na Wembley Indoor Arena na Johannesburg. Ọ lara ezumike nká na otu egwuregwu basketball nke Naịjirịa ọtụtụ izu tupu 2016 Summer Olympics na [[Rio de Janeiro]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/tough-calling-quits-dtigers-oyedeji/|title=It was tough calling it quits with d'tigers — Oyedeji|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-04}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ == Oyedeji enwetala ihe nrite dị iche iche maka mbọ enyemaka ya na ọrụ ebere ya. Ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya Laureus Global, onye Naijiria mbụ na onye Afrịka nke atọ e nyere nsọpụrụ a. Maka mbọ ya n'igbochi mpụ égbè na mma n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na ime mkpọsa megide ndị otu, a kwanyeere Oyedeji ùgwù dịka onye uwe ojii London Metropolitan. == Ndụ onwe == Oyedeji gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Loyola College, Ibadan ebe ọ malitere igwu egwu dịka onye otu egwuregwu èpèléǹkàtà nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Oyedeji lụrụ Adegoke Fajemisin. Ha mụtara ụmụ ise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/olumide-oyedeji-my-wife-is-four-in-one/|title=OLUMIDE OYEDEJI- My wife is four in one!|date=2013-12-21|work=The Nation Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-04}}</ref> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=olumide_oyedeji Profaịlụ NBA.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060306190240/http://www.basketballreference.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=OYEDEOL01 BasketballReference.com College & NBA stats] * [http://www.euroleague.net/competition/players/showplayer?pcode=CWR&seasoncode=EQR10 Profaịlụ Euroleague.net] * [http://www.asia-basket.com/player.asp?Cntry=CHN&PlayerID=22881 Profaịlụ Asia-Basket.com] * [http://hoopshype.com/players/olumide_oyedeji.htm Profaịlụ Hoopshype.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926070613/http://www.draftexpress.com/profile/Olumide-Oyedeji-3848/ Profaịlụ Draftexpress.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180520051520/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/q/Oyedeji/pid//_//players.html Profaịlụ FIBA] * [http://espn.go.com/nba/player/_/id/627/olumide-oyedeji ESPN NBA Stats] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190818221009/http://www.acb.com/jugador.php?id=BFK Profaịlụ Njikọ Spanish] (na Spanish) * [http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2015-03/23/content_35125221.htm Naịjirịa meriri asọmpi basketball 4-Nations na South Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001204/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/bodi/commCoun.asp Kọmitii ndị isi FIBA] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6fgkbgkrggyeyizep824p0phvj1lgd6 0 14363 728390 723737 2026-09-27T03:27:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Algérie - Arménie - 20140531 - Sofiane Feghouli.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Sofiane Feghouli''' ( Arabic ; amụrụ ya na 26 Disemba 1989) bụ [[Footbọl|onye egwuregwu bọọlụ]] nke na-agbara otu Süper Lig nke [[Turkéy|Turkey]] Galatasaray na ndị otu mba Algeria. Ọ na -arụ ọrụ dị ka onye etiti aka nri, mana ọ pụkwara igwu egwu dị ka winger na dị ka onye na-awakpo etiti. Feghouli mere egwuregwu izizi ya na mba Algeria na Febụwarị 2012. Ọ nọchitere anya Algeria na 2013, 2015, 2019 na 2021 Africa Cup of Nations (mmeri asọmpi 2019), yana 2014 FIFA World Cup, ebe o nyere goolu mbụ nke Algeria na asọmpi ahụ kemgbe 1986. == Ndụ onwe ya == A mụrụ Feghouli na Levallois-Perret ebe nne na nna ya bụ dị Algeria. Nna ya si Tiaret, ebe nne ya si Ghazaouet. O nwere ụmụnne nwoke anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lebuteur/45539|title=Exclusif : Sofiane Feghouli|work=Le Buteur|publisher=Nacym Djender|date=5 November 2011|accessdate=8 June 2022|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608184415/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lebuteur/45539}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Grenoble === Feghouli malitere ọrụ ya na Grenoble, mgbe ndị otu France Paris Saint-Germain kpebiri ịghara ịbanye ya mgbe ikpe gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/footballeurope/news/kind=2/newsid=753534.html|title=Spirited Feghouli rewards Grenoble belief|publisher=UEFA.com|date=26 September 2008|accessdate=17 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210093647/http://www.uefa.com/footballeurope/news/kind%3D2/newsid%3D753534.html|archivedate=10 December 2008}}</ref> Maka akụkụ ikpeazụ nke oge 2006–2007 , a kwalitere ya na ndị otu egwuregwu mbụ ma nye ya uwe nọmba 33. O mere egwuregwu izizi ya nke a tụrụ anya ya nke ukwuu, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, maka klọb ahụ na 27 Eprel 2007 na egwuregwu Ligue 2 megide Reims, na-apụta dị ka onye nnọchi. Grenoble meriri egwuregwu ahụ 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/match?gameId=207989|title=Stade de Reims vs. Grenoble|publisher=ESPN|date=27 April 2007|accessdate=17 July 2016}}</ref> Ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ ọzọ n'oge ahụ, gụnyere mmalite mbụ ya n'ụbọchị egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke oge ahụ megide Montpellier na 25 Mee 2007. Montpellier meriri egwuregwu ahụ 1–0 na Feghouli na-egwu nkeji iri ise na isii tupu ewepụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://racingstub.com/games/20565/|title=Montpellier&nbsp;— Grenoble 1–0|publisher=Racingstub.com|date=25 May 2007|accessdate=17 July 2016}}</ref> Na 31 Mee 2007, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Grenoble, na-edebe ya n'akụkụ ahụ ruo 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mercato-blog.football.fr/2007/05/31/507-feghouli-signe-pro|title=Grenoble : Feghouli signe pro|date=31 May 2007|accessdate=17 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920072153/http://mercato-blog.football.fr/2007/05/31/507-feghouli-signe-pro|archivedate=20 September 2007}}</ref> N'oge na-esonụ, e nyere ya uwe ọnụ ọgụgụ asatọ ma, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, e nyere ya ọrụ dị mkpa na ndị otu egwuregwu mbụ. N'agbanyeghị na enwere nrụgide nke ịbụ onye a kpọrọ "Zidane ọhụrụ", onyinye ya nye ndị otu ahụ gara nke ọma, na-apụta na egwuregwu iri abụọ na asaa ma na-enye goolu atọ, na-enyere Grenoble aka inweta nkwalite na Ligue 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unprofessionalfoul.com/2008/10/03/im-the-new-zidane-no-i-am|title=I'm the 'new Zidane'... No I am!|publisher=Unprofessional Foul|date=3 October 2008|accessdate=8 June 2022|archivedate=31 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831231410/http://unprofessionalfoul.com/2008/10/03/im-the-new-zidane-no-i-am}}</ref> Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya bịara na 18 Jenụwarị 2008 na mmeri 4-3 megide Reims, klọb ọ chere ihu na mbido ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2007/2008&code_evt=D2&code_jr_tr=J21&num_ordre=9|title=Reims v. Grenoble Match Report|date=18 January 2008|accessdate=17 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429140338/http://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2007%2F2008&code_evt=D2&num_ordre=9&code_jr_tr=J21|archivedate=29 April 2008}}</ref> Feghouli laghachiri maka oge 2009-10, na-eme nke mbụ ya na 29 August 2009 na mmeri 1–0 nke Rhône-Alpes rivals Saint-Étienne . Mgbe ọ pụtara na egwuregwu ise ọzọ, ndị isi Grenoble chọpụtara na Feghouli adọwaala meniscus n'ikpere aka nri ya. A wara ikpere ahụ nke ọma n'ọnwa Ọktoba. Mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, ndị isi Grenoble, ọkachasị onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Pierre Wantiez, katọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ nke ukwuu. Wantiez jụrụ ogologo oge Feghouli na-egbu oge n'ịlaghachi na otu ahụ na ebumnobi onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ banyere mbugharị dịka Feghouli ga-apụ na nkwekọrịta n'oge ọkọchị ma na-agwa ọtụtụ klọb okwu, ọkachasị klọb Valencia nke Spain. Wantiez kwuru na ọ bụ "ndụmọdụ ọjọọ" sitere n'aka onye ọrụ onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ mere ihe Feghouli mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sport.gentside.com/sofiane-feghouli/grenoble-sofiane-feghouli-et-son-pretendu-agent-dans-le-collimateur_art432.html|title=Sofiane Feghouli et son "prétendu agent" dans le collimateur|publisher=Gentside Sport|date=4 February 2010|language=fr|accessdate=8 June 2022|archivedate=30 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930150329/https://sport.gentside.com/sofiane-feghouli/grenoble-sofiane-feghouli-et-son-pretendu-agent-dans-le-collimateur_art432.html}}</ref> === Valencia === [[Usòrò:Zenit-Valencia_(3).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|192x192px|Feghouli na-agbara Valencia CF bọọlụ n'afọ 2015]] Na 20 Mee 2010, Feghouli bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na Valencia CF. O mere La Liga mbụ ya na 25 Septemba, dochie Juan Mata na mmeri 2–0 megide Sporting de Gijón . N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2011, mgbe ọ pụtara obere maka ndị otu Valencian, a gbazinyere Feghouli na otu egwuregwu UD Almería, ruo ọnwa Juun. Ọ na-apụta mgbe niile maka ndị Andalusia, mana ha kwụsịrị na njedebe nke oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/the-spanish-weekend-review-episode-35-the-relegation-battle-gets-interesting/|title=The Spanish Weekend Review&nbsp;– Episode 35: Relegation Battle Gets Interesting|publisher=TheHardTackle.com|date=9 May 2011|accessdate=17 July 2016}}</ref> Mgbe o si mba Almería lọta, ma rite uru site na ọpụpụ Mata na Vicente, Feghouli ghọrọ onye mbido, ma nye goolu mbụ ya maka ''Los Che'' na 29 Ọktoba 2011, na-enweta ihe nkedo na mmeri 3-1 n'ụlọ megide Getafe CF . Ngosipụta ya maka Valencia n'afọ 2012 mere ka ọ nweta ihe nrite abụọ nke onye egwuregwu Algeria nke afọ, Le Buteur's Algerian Ballon d'Or na DZFoot d'Or .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sofoot.com/feghouli-ballon-d-or-algerien-164917.html|title=Feghouli Ballon d'or algérien|author=GM|publisher=So Foot|date=18 December 2012|accessdate=26 December 2012|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/article-2376-dzfoot-d-or-2012-sofiane-feghouli-elu-meilleur-joueur-algerien-par-les-internautes.php|title=DZFOOT D'OR 2012 : Sofiane Feghouli élu meilleur joueur algérien par les internautes|publisher=DZFoot|language=fr|date=25 December 2012|accessdate=26 December 2012|author=Ait-Ouaret, Nabil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230233423/http://www.dzfoot.com/article-2376-dzfoot-d-or-2012-sofiane-feghouli-elu-meilleur-joueur-algerien-par-les-internautes.php|archivedate=30 December 2012}}</ref> Na 11 Eprel 2016, klọb ahụ kwụsịrị Feghouli n'etiti akụkọ ọ jụrụ isonye na ikpo ọkụ mgbe mmeri 2–1 meriri Sevilla n'ụlọ n'ụbọchị gara aga. A kọkwara na ọ tụfuru ọzụzụ ụbọchị ole na ole gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36019030|title=Algerian Sofiane Feghouli suspended by Valencia|publisher=BBC Sport|date=11 April 2016|accessdate=17 July 2016}}</ref> Ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ Valencia ya na egwuregwu 202, na-enye goolu ugboro 31 ma na-enye aka 40.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36729248|title=Premier League transfers: Lowdown on summer signings|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 July 2016|accessdate=17 July 2016}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Feghouli_West_Ham.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|215x215px|Feghouli na West Ham United na 2017]] Na 14 June 2016, a mara ọkwa na Feghouli ga-esonyere West Ham United na 1 July 2016 na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whufc.com/News/Articles/2016/June/13-June/Hammers-catch-winger-Feghouli|title=Hammers catch winger Feghouli|publisher=West Ham United F.C.|date=14 June 2016|accessdate=14 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617111312/http://www.whufc.com/News/Articles/2016/June/13-June/Hammers-catch-winger-Feghouli|archivedate=17 June 2016}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na West Ham na 28 Julaị na mmeri 2–1 na NK Domžale na agba nke atọ nke Europa League .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36898501|title=Nk Domzale 2-1 West Ham|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref> O nyere goolu asọmpi mbụ ya maka West Ham n'izu sochirinụ na nlọghachi megide Domžale, egwuregwu mbụ West Ham na [[London]] Stadium nke West Ham meriri 3–0, na-aga n'ihu na UEFA Europa League play-offs.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Steinberg|first=Jacob|title=Cheikhou Kouyaté sets West Ham's Olympic record in win over Domzale|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/aug/04/west-ham-domzale-europa-league-match-report|accessdate=20 September 2020|work=The Guardian|date=4 August 2016}}</ref> Feghouli malitere Premier League mbụ ya na egwuregwu mbụ nke West Ham n'afọ 2017, na-anata kaadị uhie siri ike mgbe nkeji iri na ise gasịrị maka ịma aka na onye na-agbachitere Manchester United bụ Phil Jones na mmeri 2–0 n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38433519|title=West Ham 0-2 Manchester United|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mgbe West Ham rịọrọ arịrịọ megide kaadị ahụ, a kagburu ya na 4 Jenụwarị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38497190|title=Sofiane Feghouli: West Ham midfielder's red card rescinded|date=4 January 2017|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=4 January 2017}}</ref> === Galatasaray === N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2017, Feghouli bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na Galatasaray. Galatasaray kwụrụ West Ham nde euro 4.25 maka mbufe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.galatasaray.org/haber/gs-sportif-a-s/feghouli-galatasarayda/36188|title=Feghouli Galatasaray'da|work=www.galatasaray.org|accessdate=14 August 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == === France === Feghouli tozuru oke maka Algeria na France. Feghouli ekwuola na mmasị ya bụ igwu egwu maka France ma pụta n'ọtụtụ ndị otu ndị ntorobịa France.<ref name="loranaise.com">{{Cite web|url=http://loranaise.com/2008/11/19/sofiane-feghouli-joue-sur-tous-les-tableauxs|title=Sofiane Feghouli joue sur tous les tableaux|publisher=L'Oranaise|date=19 November 2008|accessdate=17 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010202930/http://www.loranaise.com/2008/11/19/sofiane-feghouli-joue-sur-tous-les-tableaux/|archivedate=10 October 2009}}</ref> N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2008, onye njikwa otu mba Raymond Domenech depụtara onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ maka ndị otu ya tupu ahọpụtara tupu egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Uruguay.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2008/11/12/490866-equipe-de-france-douchez-comme-carrasso.html|title=Equipe de France. Douchez comme Carrasso|work=[[La Dépêche du Midi]]|date=12 November 2008|language=fr}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị nke a, onye njikwa otu mba Algeria bụ Rabah Saadane kpọtụrụ Feghouli site na ekwentị iji mee ka ọ gbara mba Algeria bọọlụ na egwuregwu enyi na enyi nke otu ahụ na 19 November megide Mali. Onye isi otu Yazid Mansouri kpọtụkwara onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ.<ref name="loranaise.com" /> === Algeria === N'ụbọchị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Mee afọ 2011, a kọrọ na, mgbe ọ na-agbazinye ego na Almeria, Feghouli zutere Onye isi oche nke Algeria Football Federation Mohamed Raouraoua . Feghouli kwetara igwu egwu maka Algeria ma kpọọ ya ka ọ gaa n'ogige ọzụzụ a na-eme na Spain maka egwuregwu megide Morocco. O nweghị ike ịga nnọkọ ahụ, mana mmegharị ahụ metụrụ ya n'ahụ, na-ekweta na ọ ga-adị maka egwuregwu [[Tanzania]] kama.<ref name="lebuteur.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lebuteur.com/en/actualites/au-cours-dune-rencontre-avec-raouraoua-a-paris-feghouli-dit-oui-a-lalgerie|title=Au cours d'une rencontre avec Raouraoua à Paris : Feghouli dit oui à l'Algérie|accessdate=21 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613075622/http://www.lebuteur.com/en/actualites/au-cours-dune-rencontre-avec-raouraoua-a-paris-feghouli-dit-oui-a-lalgerie|archivedate=13 June 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2011, ndị Algeria Football Federation kwupụtara na FIFA nabatara arịrịọ Feghouli ka ọ gbanwee ntụkwasị obi site na France gaa Algeria, nakwa na o ruru eru ịnọchite anya Algeria na asọmpi mba ụwa na ụbọchị ahụ. Ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, na 25 Ọktoba, onye nkuzi Algeria Vahid Halilhodžić kpọrọ Feghouli maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Tunisia na Cameroon na Nọvemba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140201204112/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-10130/en-31-joueurs-pour-le-stage-de-novembre/ EN : 31 joueurs pour le stage de Novembre]; DZFoot.com, 25 October 2011.</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2012, Feghouli mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu mba Algeria na mmeri 2–1 Africa Cup of Nations ruru eru megide Gambia, na-enye goolu mmeri.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=319358/profile-detail.html|title=Sofiane FEGHOULI|accessdate=18 June 2014|work=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613025442/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=319358/profile-detail.html|archive-date=13 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge iru eru maka 2014 FIFA World Cup, o nyere goolu atọ na mpụta asaa maka ''Les Fennecs'' .<ref name="fifa" /> N'egwuregwu mmeghe nke otu ahụ na 2014 World Cup, mmeri 2–1 nke Belgium na Belo Horizonte, Feghouli nyere goolu ntaramahụhụ - goolu mbụ nke Algeria na World Cup n'ime afọ 28.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Grohmann|first=Karolos|title=Algeria end 28-year wait for World Cup goal|date=17 June 2014|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-world-m15-bel-alg-goal-idUKKBN0ES23K20140617|work=Reuters|accessdate=17 June 2014|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306122614/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-world-m15-bel-alg-goal-idUKKBN0ES23K20140617|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, e wepụrụ ya na ndị otu iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/soccer-feghouli-surprise-omission-algeria-nations-cup-squad-154206095--sow.html|title=Soccer-Feghouli surprise omission from Algeria Nations Cup squad|accessdate=31 December 2016}}</ref> == Ọnụọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="5" |Grenoble |2006–07 | rowspan="3" |Ligue 2 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- |2007–08 |26 |3 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |27 |3 |- |2008–09 |26 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |28 |0 |- |2009–10 |Ligue 1 |5 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |6 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !60 !3 !3 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !64 !3 |- | rowspan="7" |Valencia |2010–11 | rowspan="6" |La Liga |3 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 |- |2011–12 |30 |6 |6 |0 | colspan="2" | - |13 |0 | colspan="2" | - |49 |6 |- |2012–13 |27 |3 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |3 | colspan="2" | - |37 |6 |- |2013–14 |32 |4 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |45 |7 |- |2014–15 |33 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |6 |- |2015–16 |21 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |10 | colspan="2" | - |33 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !146 !20 !14 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !42 !10 ! colspan="2" |- !202 !31 |- |Almería (loan) |2010–11 |La Liga |9 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |2 |- |West Ham United |2016–17 |Premier League |21 |3 |1 |0 |3 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |27 |4 |- | rowspan="6" |Galatasaray |2017–18 | rowspan="5" |Süper Lig |27 |6 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |31 |7 |- |2018–19 |29 |9 |5 |3 | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 |1 |0 |40 |13 |- |2019–20 |27 |6 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - |5 |0 |1 |0 |36 |7 |- |2020–21 |22 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |25 |2 |- |2021–22 |16 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |3 | colspan="2" | - |24 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !121 !25 !12 !5 ! colspan="2" |- !21 !4 !2 !0 !156 !34 |- ! colspan="3" |Ngụkọta ọrụ !357 !53 !31 !6 !4 !0 !66 !15 !2 !0 !458 !74 |}   {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ngosipụta na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="11" |Algeria |2012 |8 |2 |- |2013 |9 |3 |- |2014 |12 |2 |- |2015 |8 |2 |- |2016 |5 |2 |- |2017 |3 |0 |- |2018 |4 |0 |- |2019 |13 |1 |- |2020 |3 |1 |- |2021 |8 |6 |- |2022 |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !76 !19 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke goolu mba ụwa nke Sofiane Feghouli nyere ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Akara ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Asọmpi |- | align="center" |1 |29 Febụwarị 2012 |Independence Stadium, Bakau, Gambia | Gambia | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–1 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |2 |2 June 2012 |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria | Rwanda | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |4–0 |2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |3 |30 Jenụwarị 2013 |Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Phokeng, South Africa | Ivory Coast | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–2 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations |- | align="center" |4 |23 Machị 2013 |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria | Benin | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–1 |2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |5 |12 Ọktoba 2013 |Stade du 4 Août, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–3 |2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |6 |7 June 2014 |Estádio Mineirão, Belo Horizante, Brazil | Belgium | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–2 |2014 FIFA World Cup |- | align="center" |7 |15 Nọvemba 2014 |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria | Ethiopia | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |3–1 |2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |8 | rowspan="2" |30 Machị 2015 | rowspan="2" |Suheim Bin Hamad Stadium, Doha, Qatar | rowspan="2" | Oman | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–1 | rowspan="2" |Enyi |- | align="center" |9 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |10 | rowspan="2" |25 Machị 2016 | rowspan="2" |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria | rowspan="2" | Ethiopia | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |7–1 | rowspan="2" |2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |11 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |12 |11 Julaị 2019 |Suez Stadium, Suez, Egypt | Ivory Coast | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1 1 (a.e.t.<span>)</span> |2019 Africa Cup of Nations |- | align="center" |13 |12 Nọvemba 2020 |Stade du 5 Juillet, Algiers, Algeria | Zimbabwe | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |3–1 |2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |14 |29 Machị 2021 |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria | Botswana | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |5–0 |2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |15 | rowspan="2" |3 Juun 2021 | rowspan="2" |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria | rowspan="2" | Mauritania | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |4–1 | rowspan="2" |Enyi |- | align="center" |16 | align="center" |2–1 |- | align="center" |17 |7 Septemba 2021 |Stade de Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco | Burkina Faso | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |18 |12 Nọvemba 2021 |Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | Djibouti | align="center" |3–0 | align="center" |4–0 |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |19 |16 Nọvemba 2021 |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria | Burkina Faso | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–2 |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Galatasaray''' * Süper Lig: 2017–18, 2018–19<ref name="tgr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tff.org.tr/default.aspx?pageID=438&kulupID=3604|title=TFF Galatasaray Roster|publisher=TFF.org|language=tr|accessdate=20 May 2019|archivedate=5 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705151647/http://www.tff.org.tr/default.aspx?pageID=438&kulupID=3604}}</ref><ref name="tgr" /> * Turkish Cup: 2018–19<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tff.org.tr/default.aspx?pageID=267&ftxtID=31305|title=57. Ziraat Türkiye Kupası Galatasaray'ın|date=15 May 2019|publisher=TFF.org|language=tr|accessdate=20 May 2019|archivedate=6 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606182256/http://www.tff.org.tr/default.aspx?pageID=267&ftxtID=31305}}</ref> * Turkish Super Cup: 2019 '''Algeria''' * Iko mba Afrịka: 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/49048899|title=Algeria hold on against Senegal to win Afcon|work=BBC Sport|date=19 July 2019}}</ref> '''Otu Onye''' * LFP Awards Onye egwuregwu Afrịka kacha mma: 2014–15<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34978065|title=Algerian Feghouli named best African player in Spain|publisher=BBC Sport|date=1 December 2015}}</ref> * DZFoot d'Or: 2012 [citation needed] * Onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Algeria nke afọ: 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lebuteur.com/ballon-d-or/actualites/12e-edition-du-ballon-dor-feghouli-en-or|title=Feghouli :"Le Hollandais volant en guest star à la cérémonie du Ballon d'Or"|publisher=lebuteur.com|accessdate=7 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221103410/http://www.lebuteur.com/ballon-d-or/actualites/12e-edition-du-ballon-dor-feghouli-en-or|archivedate=21 December 2012}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> dpbt24vgn3bxgirf141pifxf91w11yn 0 14559 728376 632963 2026-09-27T02:08:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Shade Thomas-Fahm''''', onye amụrụ '''Victoria''' Omọ́rọ́ník' Àdùk'́ '''Fọlashadé Thomas''' (ma a maara ya dịka "Shadé Thomas"), a na-ahụta ya dị ka "onye mbụ na-emepụta ejiji ọgbara ọhụrụ na Naijiria" na "otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe kachasị mkpa n'Africa, na onye ọsụ ụzọ nke ejiji Naijiria" Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-emepụta ejiji mepere ụlọ ahịa ejiji na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ma mesịa mepee ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa n'ebe dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nicolaadams {{!}}|title=Fashioning the Nation: A blouse created by a Nigerian fashion innovator|url=https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2020/06/16/fashioning-the-nation-a-blouse-created-by-a-nigerian-fashion-innovator/|accessdate=2021-04-15|work=Discover|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415135433/https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2020/06/16/fashioning-the-nation-a-blouse-created-by-a-nigerian-fashion-innovator/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-31|title=7 Nigerian Female Heroines You May Have Forgotten|url=https://reterdeen.com/7-nigerian-female-heroines-you-may-have-forgotten/|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=Reterdeen|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sana Noor Haq|title=Nigerian fashion pioneer Folashade 'Shade' Thomas-Fahm will be celebrated at 'Africa Fashion' exhibition|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/nigerian-folashade-thomas-fahm-africa-fashion-exhibition-spc-intl/index.html|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=r/Africa - Mrs.Victoria Folashade Thomas-Fahm is Nigeria’s first fashion designer and the first to own a boutique (Shade’s Boutique) in Nigeria. The legendary designer who is in her 70’s now set the pace for the Nigerian fashion industry in the 1960s and 1970s.|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Africa/comments/lxokgm/mrsvictoria_folashade_thomasfahm_is_nigerias/|accessdate=2021-07-17|work=reddit|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-31|title=Recovered looted funds should be channeled into reviving textile sector — Shade Thomas-Fahm|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/recovered-looted-funds-channeled-reviving-textile-sector-shade-thomas-fahm/|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Shade Thomas Fahm mere ka a mara ụlọ ọrụ ejiji Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Fashion Breaks My Heart - Forbes Africa|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2012/11/01/fashion-breaks-heart/|accessdate=2021-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mmetụta ya na ejiji Naịjirịa diri kemgbe afọ 60 ruo ugbu a, n'ime Naịjirịa na mba ofesi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Udondian|first=Victoria-idongesit|date=2012-03-07|title=MYARTWORLD: . PROJECT: HABITUS|url=http://victoriaudondian.blogspot.com/2012/03/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=MYARTWORLD}}</ref> "Mmasị ya na okike ya tọrọ ntọala maka ụlọ ọrụ ejiji, ebe ọ kpalikwara ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe ịchụso ihe na-amasị ha. "<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa|first=Forbes|date=2012-11-01|title=Why Fashion Breaks My Heart|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2012/11/01/fashion-breaks-heart/|accessdate=2021-04-15|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> A ga-eme ememe mmetụta ya na-adịgide adịgide na Victoria na Albert Museum (V&A) nke London na London na 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-14|title=Nigerian vogue pioneer Folashade ‘Shade’ Thomas-Fahm can be celebrated at ‘Africa Fashion’ exhibition|url=https://www.flashheadlines.com/nigerian-fashion-pioneer-folashade-shade-thomas-fahm-will-be-celebrated-at-africa-fashion-exhibition-2/|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=Flash News|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-10-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011033401/https://www.flashheadlines.com/nigerian-fashion-pioneer-folashade-shade-thomas-fahm-will-be-celebrated-at-africa-fashion-exhibition-2/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-06|title=V&A exhibition will use 250 objects to highlight creativity of African fashion|url=http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/jul/07/va-exhibition-will-use-250-objects-to-highlight-creativity-of-african-fashion|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Theodosi|first=Natalie|date=2021-01-20|title=Victoria & Albert Museum Plans a Major African Fashion Exhibition for 2022|url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/victoria-albert-museum-plans-a-major-african-fashion-exhibition-for-1234701854/|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=WWD|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ Ndụ == [[Faịlụ:'Bjay'_de_Ombre_Thomas-Fahm_(Musée_du_quai_Branly,_Paris)_(55219498450).png|áká_èkpè|thumb]] A mụrụ Thomas-Fahm, na Septemba 22, 1933, n'ezinụlọ Maazị Bankole Ayorinde Thomas na Oriakụ Elizabeth Olaniwun Thomas. Ọ gara St. Peter's School, Faaji, Baptist Girl's School Araromi, na mgbe e mesịrị New Era Girls 'College, ha abụọ na Lagos. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu, mgbe ọ nọ na klas nke anọ ma na-eche maka rizọltụ ule Cambridge Junior Certificate iji banye High School ma ọ bụ Technical College, ọ hụrụ onwe ya dị ime. Nwa nwoke ọ mụrụ, na 1952, aha ya bụ Joachim Kofi Branco. Mgbe a mụsịrị ya, ọ kwagara Kano na Northern Nigeria ka ọ nọrọ nna nwa ya nso. Ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ n'oge na-adịghị anya, mgbe ọ chọpụtara na nwoke ahụ nwere nwanyị ọzọ ya na ya nwere mmekọ. N'afọ ndị 1950, dị ka omume ahụ dị n'oge ahụ, o tinyere akwụkwọ ịga England ịmụ ihe dị ka nọọsụ. Ọ gawara n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1953. Ma mgbe ọ bịarutere England, ụlọ ahịa ndị dị mma nke West End nke London masịrị ya wee malite ejiji.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sana Noor Haq|title=Nigerian fashion pioneer Folashade 'Shade' Thomas-Fahm will be celebrated at 'Africa Fashion' exhibition|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/nigerian-folashade-thomas-fahm-africa-fashion-exhibition-spc-intl/index.html|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> O nwetara General Certificate of Education na Barret College, ma tinye akwụkwọ maka ịbanye na St. Martins College of Art and Design, ebe o ruru eru dị ka onye na-emepụta ejiji na 1959, na-aghọ nwanyị Naijiria mbụ nwetara nzere ọkachamara na imewe ejiji.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Peter|first=Ijeoma|date=2015-05-20|title=Benny: SHADE THOMAS-FAHM|url=https://ijeomapeter.blogspot.com/2015/05/shade-thomas-fahm.html|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=Benny}}</ref> Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ n'ebe dị iche iche nke gụnyere na Lion Corner House, mana o mechara rụọ ọrụ na Stenoff & Sons ebe e mere ka ọ mụta ịme ihe ngosi. Ọrụ nlereanya ya mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka nnukwu ụdị na England, gụnyere Lux Beauty Soap . E gosipụtara foto ya na mgbasa ozi ya ruo South Africa. Na London, ọ nwetara ụfọdụ ama dị ka onye nlereanya ojii, nke bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1960, ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa, wee malite ụlọ ahịa ejiji mbụ ya na ụlọ ahịa dị na Yaba nke a na-akpọ "Maison Shadé", nke mechara bụrụ "Shadé's Boutique". O debere atụmatụ ndị Naijiria ma bụrụ onye mbụ jiri mannequins dị ka ọ hụrụ na mba UK. Mgbe e mesịrị, o mepere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta uwe na Broad Street nke nwere ngwá ọrụ ịchọ mma. N'ikpeazụ, ọ gbazitere ụlọ ahịa na Federal Palace Hotel e wuru ọhụrụ na Lagos. O kwuru na ụfọdụ ihe bú mmasị ya ịweteghachi Naịjirịa mgbe ahụ, tupu mba ahụ enweta nnwere onwe ya, bụ "inye ndị mmadụ ọrụ na idozi enweghị ọrụ"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-03|title=Nigeria was much more favourable 55 years ago — Sade Thomas-Fahm|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/10/nigeria-was-much-more-favourable-55-years-ago-sade-thomas-fahm/|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Na mbido, o siri ike ime ka ndị Naijiria kwenye ịzụta ákwà e mewere n'obodo, n'ihi na ndị mmadụ chere na ọdịbendị Britain ka mma.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-10-02|title=50 years of recycled fashion|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/10/50-years-of-recycled-fashion/|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ma nwayọ nwayọ, ọ ghọrọ onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-emepụta uwe na Lagos fashion scene. Ọrụ ya malitekwara inweta nkwanye ùgwù mba ụwa. Otu n'ime atụmatụ ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ, gosipụtara na Singer International Fashion Catalogue na ịkpụ akwụkwọ na akwa dị mfe. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi ahụ ma otu n'ime atụmatụ ya ritere ihe nrite Singer. N'ime afọ iri isii, Shadé's Boutique ya, na ụlọ ahịa uwe ya na Lagos ghọrọ ebe a na-aga maka uwe ndị Naijiria mere nke ụdị dị iche iche. Ha dị iche na ụlọ ahịa ndị ọzọ nke na-ere naanị atụmatụ ndị mba ọzọ. Ndị ahịa ya, n'ime afọ ndị gara aga, gụnyere ma ọha mmadụ dị elu (site na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gaa na ezinụlọ ndị agha, na ndị mba ọzọ nwere mmetụta, na ndị isi mba ọzọ dị ka Nicéphore Soglo, onye bụbu onye isi ala Benin Republic). N'afọ 1977, n'oge ọchịchị [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], na ịgbaso Iwu Indigenization nke gọọmentị ndị agha, ndị agha gọọmentị jidere ụlọ ahịa Thomas-Fahm, weghara ya, ma na-elekọta ya ruo izu ole na ole. Mgbe ọtụtụ iwe na mkpu ọha na eze gasịrị, e weghachiri ya ụlọ ahịa ahụ. Thomas-Fahm metụtara ọtụtụ ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ, site na afọ ndị 1970s ruo ugbu a. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha gụnyere Abah Folawiyo, Betti O, Folorunsho Alakija, na [[Nike Davies-Okundaye|Nike Okundaye]], ndị niile nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ejiji Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shade Fahm {{!}} The Birdword by KOIBIRD|url=https://www.koibird.com/blogs/news/shade-fahm|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=www.koibird.com|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719122231/https://www.koibird.com/blogs/news/shade-fahm}}</ref> == Ọrụ Shadé na Mmetụta ya == Thomas-Fahm bụ ọkachamara n'iji akwa a kpara akpa na nke a na-ete n'ime obodo iji mee ụdị ọgbara ọhụrụ nke a maara na Naịjirịa na gburugburu ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Fashion Pioneer Folashade 'Shade' Thomas-Fahm Will Be Celebrated at 'Africa Fashion' Exhibition - Africa.com|url=https://www.africa.com/nigerian-fashion-pioneer-folashade-shade-thomas-fahm-will-be-celebrated-at-africa-fashion-exhibition/|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=www.africa.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719102931/https://www.africa.com/nigerian-fashion-pioneer-folashade-shade-thomas-fahm-will-be-celebrated-at-africa-fashion-exhibition/|archive-date=2021-07-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ime afọ anọ, ọ buliri uru nke azụmahịa ya ruo ọnụ ahịa pound puku iri. O mepụtara ọtụtụ atụmatụ ọgbara ọhụrụ site na ụdị ọdịnala. Ndị a gụnyere: * mgbanwe nke ''iro'' na ''buba'' n'ime uwe mkpuchi;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Log into Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fxfrocknrollx%2Fposts%2Fin-the-1960s-shade-thomas-fahm-modernized-the-yoruba-iro-wrapper-buba-top-and-ip%2F2775642109326861%2F|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=Facebook|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Author|date=2019-05-24|title=R6042 Blouse; Buba|url=https://fashioningafrica.brightonmuseums.org/fashion/r6042/|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=Fashioning Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> * mgbanwe nke kaftan ụmụ nwoke ka ọ bụrụ kaftan ụmụ nwanyị; * mgbanwe nke ''gele'' ka ọ bụrụ uwe isi; * ịmepụta ngwa dị ka akpa aka, belt, na akpụkpọ ụkwụ, site na iji ákwà Afrịka; na * okike nke 'ajuba' nke a maara ugbu a dị ka 'boubou' ụdị ''agbada'' ụmụ nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-28|title=Awaiting gains of Nigeria’s Multi-billion Naira Fashion Industry|url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/awaiting-gains-of-nigerias-multi-billion-naira-fashion-industry/|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719120906/https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/awaiting-gains-of-nigerias-multi-billion-naira-fashion-industry/}}</ref> Ọrụ ya gbanwere ụzọ ụmụ nwanyị si eji ejiji na Naịjirịa, n'ihi na ọrụ ya - nke a na-ahụ ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị a ma ama, ji nwayọọ nwayọọ metụta otú ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa si eji ejiji. O mekwara uwe maka nka na ọdịbendị, ọkachasị maka otu [[Wole Soyinka|Wole Soyinka's]] nke 1960 a kpọrọ Masks theatre group. O kwuru banyere ya na ihe ncheta ụlọ mkpọrọ ya ''nke'' akpọrọ The Man Died . Thomas-Fahm bụkwa otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na-emepụta ihe na Naịjirịa, na-eguzobe ụlọ ọrụ uwe ya na Block E, Industrial Estate, Yaba. Ọ bụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe a ka e mere atụmatụ ya bụrụ ihe pụrụ iche. Ka oge na-aga, o nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na ọzụzụ nke ndị na-emepụta ejiji na Yaba College of Technology ebe ọ bụ onye ọbịa agụmakwụkwọ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, ma nye onyinye maka nwa akwụkwọ kachasị pụta ìhè na ejiji. == Ọrụ na Onyinye == * Onye isi oche nke Fashion Designers Association of Nigeria (afọ) * Ihe nrite nke ndụ na Arise Magazine's Fashion Week na Lagos (2011). * Onye isi oche nke Rotary Club nke Victoria Island site na 2009 ruo 2010<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-29|title=Rotary is about continuity of service - Thomas-Fahm|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/12/rotary-is-about-continuity-of-service-thomas-fahm/|accessdate=2021-07-19|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9shkeoecs8gaiemz60hxn0ahysn0xop 0 14586 728330 199964 2026-09-26T22:24:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Guy Bathurst''' (a mụrụ na 22 Febụwarị 1957) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Bekee. A mụrụ Bathurst na Gold Coast (nke bụ [[Ghana]] ugbu a) n'afọ 1957, ebe nna ya na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye ndụmọdụ nchịkwa. N'afọ 1959, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Ballybrack, Dublin, [[Ireland]] ma Bathurst gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Killiney ma mesịa debanye aha na Headfort, ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi Irish.<ref name="IT_Headfort_Dix_2014">{{Cite news|author=Keogh|first=Olive|title=Q&A: Dermot Dix, headmaster, Headfort School, Kells, Co. Meath|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/companies/inside-track-q-a-dermot-dix-headmaster-headfort-school-kells-co-meath-1.1647116|accessdate=28 July 2020|work=The Irish Times|date=8 January 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 1966, ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri England ma Bathurst gafere na Worth School na Sussex, ebe ọ malitere ihe nkiri amateur. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ gụrụ iwu na Pembroke College, Cambridge, wee sonye na otu Footlights. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri oge niile ma mee ihe nkiri izizi ya n'afọ 1983, na-egwu Tim Allgood na Michael Frayn's Noises Off, nke gbara otu afọ na Savoy Theatre. Iji gbasaa ihe ọmụma ya banyere ịrụ ọrụ na ogbo, ọ sonyeere National Theatre. Ọ gbakwunyere ọrụ ya n'afọ ndi 1980s na ọrụ telivishọn, na-apụta na ihe nkiri dịka ihe omume pilot nke ''Blackadder'', ''Chelmsford 123'', The Lenny Henry Show na ''ihe'' omume mbụ nke ''Red Dwarf'' . N'afọ 1991, o meriri nnukwu ọrụ telivishọn mbụ ya na-egwu Mark Taylor na BBC sitcom Joking Apart, nke Steven Moffat dere. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị ihe omume iri na atọ ka e mere (n'etiti afọ 991 na 1995), ọrụ ahụ ka bụ ọkacha mmasị Bathurst n'ọrụ ya niile. Mgbe Joking Apart kwusịrị, a họpụtara ya dịka onye ndụmọdụ nchịkwa David Marsden na ihe nkiri ITV na-atọ ọchị Cold Feet, nke zọrọ maka usoro ise site n'afọ 1998 ruo afọ 2003 na ọzọ maka usoro anọ ọzọ site nafọ 2016 ruo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/robert-bathurst-thingy-out-of-cold-feet-9178229.html|title=Robert Bathurst: Thingy out of Cold Feet|date=30 November 2001|work=The Independent|language=en|accessdate=27 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/cold-feets-robert-bathurst-not-nice-people-think/|title=Cold Feet's Robert Bathurst: 'I'm not as nice as people think I am'|author=Lambert|first=Victoria|date=29 September 2017|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=27 October 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2003, Bathurst emeela onye isi ala na BBC sitcom My Dad's the Prime Minister, Mark Thatcher na ihe nkiri ''Coup''! na nwoke nwa ya nwanyị na-efu na ITV thriller The Stepfather . Ọ laghachikwara ọrụ ihe nkiri, na-egwu Vershinin na The Three Sisters (2003), Adrien na abụọ-hander Members Only (2006), ọchịchị whip Alistair na Whipping it Up (2006–07), na ọrụ aha na ''Alex'' (2007, 2008). N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri telivishọn The Pillars of the Earth (2010), ''Downton Abbey'' (2010), ''Hattie'' (2011) wee sonye na ndị otu ''Wild'' at Heart n'afọ 2012. Bathurst pụtara na egwuregwu Noël Coward mbụ ya, Present Laughter n'afọ 2010 wee soro ya na ọrụ na Blithe Spirit n'otu afọ ahụ na ọzọ n'afọ 2011. Ọ lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ anọ. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Robert Guy Bathurst na Accra, Gold Coast ([[Ghana]] nke oge a), na 22 Febụwarị 1957 nye Philip Charles Metcalfe Bathurst, onye sitere na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Charles Bathurst nakwa onye ikwu nke Earls Bathurst na Viscounts Bledisloe, na nwunye ya Gillian (''née'' Debenham).<ref>Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage 2003, vol. 1, p. 398</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/peerage-news/sxMZ7bNwPc0|title=Google Groups}}</ref><ref>Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage 1931 pg 534</ref> Nna ya bụ onye isi na Royal Engineers n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] ma na-arụ ọrụ na West Africa dịka onye ndụmọdụ nchịkwa. Nne ya bụ onye na-agwọ ọrịa.<ref name="Hagan">Hagan, Angela (2 December 2000). "Why I'd never let my girls watch Cold Feet", ''The Mirror'' (MGN): pp.&nbsp;4–5.</ref><ref name="Dalglish">Dalglish, Darren (7 March 2011). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064618/http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/questionsandanswers/robertbathurst.htm Questions and Answers with... Robert Bathurst]". London Theatre Guide. Retrieved 19 March 2011.</ref> Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ ọzọ, Nicholas na Charlotte. Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na [[Ghana]] ruo afọ 1959, mgbe ha kwagara Ballybrack, Dublin, Ireland.<ref name="Quigley">Quigley, Maeve (28 January 2001). "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20010128/ai_n9706868/ People don't get Cold Feet about approaching me.. they come up and say: 'I want to thump you']". ''Sunday Mirror'' (MGN): p.&nbsp;39 (archived at findarticles.com).</ref> Bathurst na nwanne ya nwoke gara ụlọ akwụkwọ abụọ na Dublin - Holy Child School na Killiney na ụlọ akwụkwọ na Ballsbridge - tupu e ziga ha Headfort, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkwadebe na Kells, County Meath.<ref name="IT_Headfort_Dix_2014"/> O jiri oge ya na nwanne ya nwoke, bụ ndị Katọlik, nọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi ndị Anglịkan tụnyere Lord of the Flies; "a tụrụ anyị mkpọrọ n'otu nnukwu ụlọ na-esi ísì ụtọ, nke Georgia, ebe a na-emeso anyị n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ."<ref name="Hagan" /><ref name="Quigley" /> N'afọ 1966, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara England ma ziga Bathurst ka ọ banye na Worth School na Sussex. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri na obere ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri ma gụọ akwụkwọ ochie nke magazin Plays and Players, "na-amụ atụmatụ ala nke ụlọ ihe nkiri ma na-agụ banyere ụlọ ihe nkiri ọhụrụ a na-ewu".<ref name="Smurthwaite" /> O bu ụzọ nwee mmasị n'ime ihe nkiri mgbe ezinụlọ ya hụrụ ihe nkiri na Gaiety Theatre na Dublin ma ọ na-ele ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-eche ihe ngosi ha na nku.<ref name="Smurthwaite">Smurthwaite, Nick (11 October 2006). "Filling in the blanks", ''The Stage'': p.&nbsp;35.</ref> Bathurst hapụrụ Worth mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ iji gụọ iwu na Pembroke College, Cambridge.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007115842/https://online.pem.cam.ac.uk/alum/name.pl?cur=65 Register of Alumni/ae: Surnames beginning with BA]". Pembroke College website. Retrieved 3 August 2009.</ref> Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ya n'ebe ahụ na-eme ihe nkiri na Cambridge Footlights n'akụkụ Hugh Laurie, Rory McGrath na Emma Thompson.<ref name="Hagan">Hagan, Angela (2 December 2000). "Why I'd never let my girls watch Cold Feet", ''The Mirror'' (MGN): pp.&nbsp;4–5.</ref> Site n'afọ 1977 ruo afọ 1978, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ nke otu ahụ, site n'afọ1978 ruo afọ 1979, ọ bụ onye isi ala. N'ime Footlights Revues nke o sonyere na ya bụ Stage Fright n'afọ 1978, nke o dekwara na ''Nightcap'' n'afọ 1979. Ọ duziri ma pụta na Footlights pantomime ''Aladdin'' dịka nwanyị di ya nwụrụ Twankey n'oge 1978-79.<ref>Staff (18 January 1979). "Aladdin". ''The Stage and Television Today'': p.&nbsp;15.</ref> Ọ gara Bar Vocational Course na Mahadum nke Iwu, na [[London]], nke nyere ya ohere ịga n'ihu ịghọ onye ọka iwu na-arụ ọrụ, mana ọ rapara na ime ihe nkiri kama.<ref name="Hagan" /> == Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri == Mgbe ọ hapụrụ Cambridge, Bathurst nọrọ otu afọ na-eme njem nleta [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na Footlights Revue Botham, The Musical, nke ọ kọwara dịka "ụyọkọ ndị ntorobịa na-efe efe na-eme nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ na ihe ngosi mkparịta ụka".<ref name="Hagan">Hagan, Angela (2 December 2000). "Why I'd never let my girls watch Cold Feet", ''The Mirror'' (MGN): pp.&nbsp;4–5.</ref><ref name="Selway">Selway, Jennifer (28 March 2003). "The Jennifer Selway Interview: Robert Bathurst". ''The Express'' (Express Newspapers): pp.&nbsp;30–31.</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ya na Footlights masịrị ya, ọ nọgideghị na-eme ihe nkiri na otu ahụ, na-echegbu onwe ya na a ga-asa ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na ise na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma ha site na mmalite nke ọrụ [ya]".<ref name="Selway" /> Mgbe ọ hapụrụ, ọ chọpụtara na a na-ewere ya dịka onye dilettante, nke mere ka ọ were ya ogologo oge karịa ka a tụrụ anya ka a nabata ya dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri.<ref name="Smurthwaite">Smurthwaite, Nick (11 October 2006). "Filling in the blanks", ''The Stage'': p.&nbsp;35.</ref> Ọrụ ọkachamara mbụ ya na mahadum bụ na usoro BBC Radio 4 Injury Time, ya na ndị otu Footlights Rory McGrath na Emma Thompson.<ref name="Robins">Robins, Craig (October 2004). "[http://www.jokingapart.co.uk/in_conversation/robert_bathurst_p1.htm In conversation with Robert Bathurst: Part 1], [http://www.jokingapart.co.uk/in_conversation/robert_bathurst_p2.htm 2], [http://www.jokingapart.co.uk/in_conversation/robert_bathurst_p3.htm 3], [http://www.jokingapart.co.uk/in_conversation/robert_bathurst_p4.htm 4]". JokingApart.co.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2007.</ref> Ọrụ mbụ ya maka telivishọn bịara n'afọ 1982, mgbe ọ pụtara dịka Prince Henry na ihe omume pilot nke ''Blackadder'' . Ọ pụtaworị na vidiyo ọzụzụ nke onye nduzi Geoff Posner ma nweta ọrụ nke Henry site na ekele. E megharịrị agwa ahụ ma belata ya mgbe e nyere usoro ahụ ọrụ dịka ''The Black Adder'' .<ref name="Robins" /> Bathurst bụ onye ọkachamara n'afọ sochirinụ mgbe ọ sonyeere ndị nke abụọ nke Michael Frayn's Noises Off na Savoy Theatre. Ọ nọchiri Roger Lloyd-Pack dịka Tim Allgood ma nọrọ na Savoy otu afọ.<ref name="Smurthwaite">Smurthwaite, Nick (11 October 2006). "Filling in the blanks", ''The Stage'': p.&nbsp;35.</ref><ref name="Robins"/> N'etiti ọrụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-egosi telivishọn maka BBC East.<ref name="Smurthwaite" /> Mgbe ọ jụrụ onyinye ịbụ onye na-egosi That's Life! ọ sonyeere National Theatre n'afọ 1984, ebe ọ pụtara dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ''Saint Joan''.<ref name="Robins" /><ref name="Sturges">Sturges, Fiona (30 November 2001). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20100726133759/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/robert-bathurst--thingy-out-of-cold-feet-618606.html Robert Bathurst: Thingy out of Cold Feet]". ''The Independent'' (Independent News & Media).</ref> Ọ na-ele ya anya dịka "ọrụ kachasị daa mbà" ọ nwetụrụla mana o nwere ekele maka ahụmịhe ihe nkiri o nyere ya.<ref name="Smurthwaite" /> N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ pụtara na The Man in the Moon, ụlọ ihe nkiri pub na Chelsea, na Judgement, okwu awa abụọ banyere iri mmadụ. Ndị na-ege ntị n'abalị mmeghe bụ mmadụ atọ mana mgbe ha nyochachara nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba, ndị na-ege ntị toro ruo nkezi iri na ise.<ref name="Lee">Lee, Marc (6 October 2007). "[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/drama/3668372/Alex-is-the-Indiana-Jones-of-corporate-finance.html 'Alex is the Indiana Jones of corporate finance']". ''The Daily Telegraph'' (Telegraph Media Group): p.&nbsp;9 (''Review'' supplement).</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Bathurst zutere onye na-ese ihe bụ Victoria Threlfall site n'aka ndị enyi ha wee lụọ n'afọ 1985. Ha mụtara ụmụ nwanyị anọ: Matilda, Clemency, Oriel na Honor.<ref name="Hagan">Hagan, Angela (2 December 2000). "Why I'd never let my girls watch Cold Feet", ''The Mirror'' (MGN): pp.&nbsp;4–5.</ref>Ọ na-akwado Brighton na Hove Albion FC == Ihe nkiri == * Ihe nkiri Robert Bathurst == Redio == * Richard Barton: General Practitioner! (1997) * Bathurst gosipụtara Prọfesọ Charles Gardner - onye snob na don nke jụrụ Archie si Oxford maka amaghị otú e si eji mma azụ na tebụl nri abalị - na ''Hut 33'' maka BBC Radio 4.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007r8hg|title=BBC Radio 4 Extra – Hut 33|work=BBC|language=en-GB|accessdate=27 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/radio/hut_33/|title=Hut 33 – Radio 4 Sitcom|author=Guide|first=British Comedy|work=British Comedy Guide|language=en-GB|accessdate=27 October 2019}}</ref> * The Golden Age (2012) 3 ihe omume. Nke Arthur Mathews dere == Ọrụ ndị e dere ede == * Bathurst, Robert (4 December 2001). "Ee, ''Ụkwụ oyi'' meriri Trollope, mana ọ gịnị ka ọ ga-efu?". ''The Daily Telegraph'': p. 17. * Bathurst, Robert (25 October 2008). "Alex tour: Getting Brezhnev to smile would have been easier". ''The Daily Telegraph'': p. 26 (''Nyocha'' ngalaba) * Bathurst, Robert (7 March 2009). "Ọ bụ ọnwụ ha (ma ihe mgbu anyị)." ''The Independent''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/racing/its-their-loss-but-our-pain-1639179.html?printService=print|title=It's their loss (but our pain)|work=[[Independent.co.uk]]|date=7 March 2009}}</ref> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190301151018/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba3c255cd Robert Bathurst] na British Film Institute * Robert Bathurst at IMDb [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0kmndp174ac4u0lmynuhnxp48t4bst1 0 14639 728452 644352 2026-09-27T09:59:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Vanessa Williams homezfoo.jpg|thumb|Vanessa Williams]] '''Vanessa Lynn Williams'''<ref name="Vanessa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/vanessa-williams-9542151|title=Vanessa Williams Biography|accessdate=September 15, 2015|publisher=biography.com}}</ref> (amụrụ na Machị 18, n'afo 1963) bụ onye America na-agụ egwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-emepụta ejiji. O nwetara nkwanye ùgwù na mbụ dị ka nwanyị Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ natara aha Miss America mgbe e chiri ya Miss America 1984 na 1983. Otú ọ dị, mkparị bilitere n'afọ sochirinụ mgbe, izu ole na ole tupu njedebe nke ọchịchị ya, ọ matara na magazin ''Penthouse'' ga-ebipụta foto ya gba ọtọ na mbipụta na-abịanụ. N'etiti esemokwu mgbasa ozi na-arịwanye elu, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka Miss America na July, 1984 n'okpuru nrụgide sitere na Miss America Organization, ma dochie ya site na onye mbụ na-esote Miss New Jersey, Suzette Charles. Afọ iri atọ na abụọ ka e mesịrị, Miss America CEO Sam Haskell rịọrọ ya mgbaghara n'ihu ọha, n'oge asọmupi Miss America 2016, maka ihe omume nke 1984. Williams laghachiri site na mkparị ahụ site na ọrụ na-aga nke ọma dị ka onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. N'afọ 1988, o wepụtara abọm izizi ya bụ The Right Stuff, nke egwu ya nwere ''ihe'' ịga nke ọma tupu "Dreamin' eruo n'ọkwa nke asatọ na chaatị <nowiki><i id="mwIQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 na United States n'afọ 1989. Site na abọm studio ya nke abụọ na nke atọ, The Comfort Zone (1991) na The Sweetest Days (1994), ọ hụrụ ọganihu azụmahịa ma nata ọtụtụ nhọpụta Grammy Award; nke a gụnyere egwu ya nke mbụ (na mbido 1992) na abụ ntinye aka, "Save the Best for Last", nke ọ rụrụ na mmemme Grammy Awards nke 1993. Abọm studio ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere ịhụnanya dị ebe (2005) na The Real Thing (2009). Dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Williams nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ogbo na ihuenyo. O mere Broadway mbụ ya na afo 1994 na ''Kiss of the Spider Woman'' . N'afọ 2002, ọ pụtara dị ka The Witch na mmegharị nke Stephen Sondheim's Into the Woods nke mere ka ọ nweta Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical nomination. Ọ gara n'ihu ịpụta n'elu ikpo okwu na egwu dịka ''Sondheim na Sondheim'' na 2010 na After Midnight na 2013. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ pụtara na mmegharị nke Horton Foote's The Trip to Bountiful megide Cecily Tyson na afo 2013, na nchịkọta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị POTUS: Or, Behind Every Great Dumbass Are Seven Women Trying to Keep Him Alive na afo 2022. A makwara ya ama maka ngosipụta ya na telivishọn, ebe ọrụ ya a maara nke ọma bụ Wilhelmina Slater na ''Ugly Betty'' (2006–2010), nke a họpụtara ya ugboro atọ maka Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series; na Renee Perry na Desperate Housewives (2010–2012). A mụrụ Vanessa Lynn Williams na Bronx, New York City ma zụlite ya na Millwood, New York. na ọkwa ọmụmụ nke na-agụ: "Here she is: Miss America."<ref name="Vanessa"/><ref name="focus">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/vanessa-williams-faith-10585404|title=Vanessa Williams on Her Faith|accessdate=May 6, 2016|date=2010|publisher=ABC News}}</ref><ref name="birthann">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11863479/Miss-America-apologises-to-Vanessa-Williams-Ugly-Betty-star.html|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11863479/Miss-America-apologises-to-Vanessa-Williams-Ugly-Betty-star.html|archivedate=January 11, 2022|title=Miss America apologises to Vanessa Williams, Ugly Betty star|accessdate=September 15, 2015|author=Telegraph Reporters|date=September 14, 2015|publisher=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Nnukwu nna nna nna bụ William A. Feilds, onye omebe iwu Africa-American na Tennessee House of Representatives.<ref name="tn-bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/feilds.htm|title=African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee: William Alexander Feilds|accessdate=September 19, 2015|publisher=State of Tennessee|archivedate=July 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724020301/http://www.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/feilds.htm}}</ref><ref name="wdytya">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/who-do-you-think-you-are/episode-1-season-2/vanessa-williams/296860/|title=Who Do You Think You Are?: Season 2, Episode 1, Vanessa Williams (February, 2011)|accessdate=December 5, 2015|date=February 4, 2011|publisher=[[Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)#Season 2 (2011)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215084538/https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/who-do-you-think-you-are/episodes-season-2/1000221462/|archive-date=February 15, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nne ya bụ Helen Tinch zutere nna ya bụ Milton Augustine Williams Jr. (N'afọ 1935 rụọ n'afọ 2006) mgbe ha abụọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ mmụta egwu na Fredonia State Teachers College na ngwụsị afọ 1950.<ref name="helen">{{Cite web|url=http://www.observertoday.com/page/content.detail/id/552660/Helen-Tinch-Williams--mother-of-Vanessa-Williams--to-be-honored-by-SUNY-Fredonia.html?nav=5007|title=Helen Tinch Williams, mother of Vanessa Williams, to be honored by SUNY Fredonia|accessdate=December 5, 2015|date=November 10, 2010|publisher=[[Observer (Dunkirk)]]}}</ref> Ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị nkụzi egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị mgbe ha lụsịrị, ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ nkuzi ha dị na mpaghara dị iche iche.<ref name="helen" /> Milton rụkwara ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ya ruo ogologo oge.<ref name="fatherob">{{Cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E3D6103FF93AA15752C0A9609C8B63|title=An Appreciation; Remembering Milton Williams, A Mentor to Music Students|accessdate=December 5, 2015|author=Wise|first=Brian|date=January 29, 2006|work=The New York Times}}</ref> A zụlitere Williams na Katọlik, okpukpe nke nna ya. Nne ya, onye a zụlitere Baptist, ghọrọ onye Katọlik mgbe ọ lụrụ di. E mere Williams baptizim na Our Lady of Grace Church na Bronx. Nne ya na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na St. Theresa's Church na Briarcliff Manor maka agbamakwụkwọ na Missa, Williams na-enyere nne ya aka site na ịtụgharị peeji nke egwu.<ref name="focus"/> Williams and na nwanne ya nwoke nke ntakịrị Chris (who would later become an actor) toro na Westchester County, a predominantly white middle- to upper-class suburb of New York City.<ref name="birthann"/> Williams kwere na ọnwere ike ibu onye nwa akwụkwọ African- America izizi si grade nke mbu rụọ grade nke iri na abụọ na Chappaqua Central School District.<ref name="wdytya"/> Nwa nke ndị nkụzi egwu, Williams tolitere n'ezinụlọ egwu, na-amụ egwu oge ochie na jazz, mpi French, piano, na violin.<ref name="Vanessa"/><ref name="focus"/> E nyere ya Presidential Scholarship maka Drama ịga Mahadum Carnegie Mellon n'oge akwụkwọ kọleji, (otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ iri na abụọ natara ya) mana o kpebiri kama ịga Mahadum Syracuse<ref name="Vanessa" /> na agụmakwụkwọ dị iche.<ref name="Vanessabillboard">{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/1496610/vanessa-williams/biography|title=Vanessa Williams Biography|accessdate=September 15, 2015|publisher=billboard.com|archivedate=September 29, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929142733/http://www.billboard.com/artist/1496610/vanessa-williams/biography}}</ref> N'ihi ya, na 1981, Williams sonyeere Syracuse's College of Visual and Performing Arts, Department of Drama dị ka onye isi ihe nkiri egwu.<ref name="Vanessabillboard" /><ref name="syrconv" /> Ọ nọrọ na Syracuse ruo afọ nke abụọ ya ruo mgbe e chiri ya Miss America n'afo 1984 na Septemba n'afo 1983.<ref name="syrconv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.syr.edu/news/articles/2008/vpa-vanessa-williams-05-08.html|title=Vanessa Williams to deliver 2008 convocation address for College of Visual and Performing Arts, receive BFA degree|accessdate=September 15, 2015|author=Blust|first=Erica|date=May 5, 2008|publisher=[[Syracuse University]]|archivedate=September 26, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926012218/http://syr.edu/news/articles/2008/vpa-vanessa-williams-05-08.html}}</ref> Na Mee n'afo 2008, Syracuse nyere Williams nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts.<ref name="syrconhuff">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/05/06/vanessa-williams-to-gradu_n_100365.html|title=Vanessa Williams To Graduate From College This Weekend|accessdate=September 15, 2015|date=May 14, 2008|publisher=Huffington Post}}</ref> Dị ka ''Syracuse News'' si kwuo, "Williams nwetara akara ugo mmụta fọdụrụnụ maka nzere ya site na ahụmịhe ụlọ ọrụ na nnukwu arụmọrụ ya na ogbo na ihuenyo. "<ref name="syrconv"/> Williams nyekwara okwu nzukọ nke afọ 2008, na-agwa ndị agadi Syracuse ka ha "na-echekwa oge a. Ụbọchị ndị a enweghị ndoyachiazu ma bụrụ mmalite nke ndụ gị niile.<ref name="syrconvsspeech">{{Cite web|url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2008/05/vanessa_williams_receives_degr.html|title=Vanessa Williams gets Syracuse University degree|accessdate=September 15, 2015|author=Johnson|first=Melinda|date=May 10, 2008|publisher=syracuse.com}}</ref> A na-ahụkarị Williams n'ihu ọha dị ka "Vanessa Williams". Otú ọ dị, enwere mgbagwoju anya mgbe ụfọdụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri aha ya bụ Vanessa E. Williams. A kọrọ na Vanessa L. matara Vanessa E. na oge 1980s mgbe onye na-edebanye aha ya na Mahadum New York gwara ya na nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ, onye merela agadi nke nwere otu aha na otu steeti ahụ etinyela akwụkwọ.<ref name="tvguide">{{Cite web|url=http://www1.myway.com/home/entertainment/celeb/tvguide_inthenews/0,13970,09_02_2003_1_-2,00.html|title=Vanessa Williams: Boomtown's New Bombshell!|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211234405/http://www1.myway.com/home/entertainment/celeb/tvguide_inthenews/0,13970,09_02_2003_1_-2,00.html|archivedate=December 11, 2007|work=[[TV Guide]]|date=September 2, 2003}}</ref> Mgbe Williams pụtara dị ka Miss America na Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Vanessa E. natara ego ya na mberede maka mpụta ahụ, nke ọ laghachiri.<ref name="canoe">Hobson, Louis B. (August 16, 1998), [https://web.archive.org/web/20150629151846/http://jam.canoe.com/Movies/Artists/W/Williams_Vanessa/1998/08/16/pf-762671.html "Vanessa dancing up a storm"], Canoe.ca</ref> Na mpaghara ime ihe nkiri, ha abụọ bayere na esemokwu aha mgbe iwu Screen Actors Guild machibidoro ịkpọ aha ọkwa. Vanessa E. debanyere aha "Vanessa Williams" na mbụ, ya mere dị ka nkwekọrịta, a na-akpọ Williams "Vanessa L. Williams" mgbe ụfọdụ na ihe nkiri. Iji mee ka mgbagwoju anya ahụ dịkwuo njọ, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ ahụ pụtara na nsụgharị nke ihe nkiri Soul Food (Williams na nsụgharị ihe nkiri, na Vanessa E. na usoro TV ya). The Screen Actors Guild mechara were okwu ahụ gaa na mkpezi ma kpebie na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ ahụ nwere ike iji aha ọkachamara "Vanessa Williams".<ref name="tvguide"/> Williams bụ [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|onye Afrịka]] mbụ natara aha Miss America mgbe e chiri ya Miss America 1984 na Septemba 1983. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ izu tupu njedebe nke ọchịchị ya, ihe mkparị bilitere mgbe magazin ''Penthouse'' zụtara ma bipụta foto ya gba ọtọ n'enweghị ikike. A manyere Williams ka ọ hapụ aha ya ma onye nke mbụ nọchiri ya, Miss New Jersey 1983, Suzette Charles . Afọ iri atọ na abụọ ka e mesịrị na Septemba n'afọ 2015, mgbe Williams jere ozi dị ka onye isi ikpe maka asọmpi Miss America 2016, onye bụbu Miss America CEO Sam Haskell rịọrọ ya mgbaghara n'ihu ọha maka ihe omume nke 1984.<ref name="vmcrowned">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/african-american-usa-crowned-1983-article-1.2353418|title=Vanessa Williams is crowned the first African-American Miss America in 1983|accessdate=September 14, 2015|author=Singleton|first=Don|date=September 18, 1983|work=[[New York (New York)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=A New York Debut|url=http://www.people.com/people/vanessa_williams/biography/0,,,00.html|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|accessdate=February 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=A Look Black: Vanessa Williams Crowned Miss America In 1983|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/17/vanessa-williams-miss-america-anniversary_n_1891516.html|date=September 17, 2012|first=Julee|author=Wilson|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=February 23, 2013}}</ref><ref name="nytapol">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/arts/television/vanessa-williams-returns-to-miss-america-and-receives-an-apology.html|title=Vanessa Williams Returns to Miss America and Receives an Apology|accessdate=September 14, 2015|author=Rogers|first=Katie|date=September 14, 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Williams bu ụzọ nweta nkwanye ùgwù ọha na eze maka ikike egwu ya mgbe o meriri akụkụ mbụ nke asọmpi Miss America na ntụgharị ya nke "Happy Days Are Here Again" (Williams ga-emesị bụrụ Miss America 1984).<ref name="vmcrowned"/> Afọ anọ ka e mesịrị na 1988, Williams wepụtara abọm izizi ya, The Right Stuff .<ref name="Vanessa"/> Egwu mbụ, "The Right Stuff", nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma na chaatị R&B, ebe egwu nke abụọ, "He's Got the Look", nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma yiri nke ahụ n'otu chaatị ahụ. Egwu nke atọ, "Dreamin', bụ egwu pop, na-aghọ egwu iri mbụ nke Williams na ''Billboard'' Hot 100, nke ruru na No. 8, na egwu mbụ ya na chaatị Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs. Abọm ahụ ruru ọkwa platinum na United States ma mee ka ọ nweta NAACP Image Award na nhọpụta Grammy Award atọ, gụnyere otu maka Best New Artist.<ref name="Vanessa" /> ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] elu63u7fgl5dlyxg1kugiznr1jw41cm 0 14684 728319 452329 2026-09-26T21:17:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Reginald (Reggie) Yates (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 31 n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1983) bụ onye edemede na onye nduzi Britain nwere ọrụ ruru afọ iri atọ na ihuenyo dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-egosi telivishọn na redio DJ. Yates gosipụtara dịka onye isi na-eme ihe nkiri olu maka BBC animation Rastamouse<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2011/feb/15/rastamouse-cbeebies|title=Rastamouse: righteous rodent or rank stereotype?|author=Hogan|first=Michael|date=15 February 2011|work=The Guardian|accessdate=6 March 2019}}</ref> ma kpọọ Leo Jones na Doctor Who . Yates arụọla ọrụ na BBC na redio na telivishọn - na-egosi ihe ngosi dị iche iche maka BBC Radio 1 ruo afọ iri yana ịme ihe ngosi ITV2 nke akpọrọ Release the Hounds site n'afọ 2013 ruo 2017. Yates sonyeere ihe ngosi egwuregwu BBC One Prized Apart, ya na Emma Willis. Ọ bụkwa onye na-egosi ihe ngosi BBC Three ''Reggie Yates'' 'Extreme Russia, Extreme South Africa na ''Extreme UK'' . N'afọ 2021, Yates wepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Pirates . == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ nne na nna Yates, Felicia Asante na Reginald "Jojo" Yates, na [[Ghana]]; Otú ọ dị, nna nna ya bụ Harry bụ nwa onye na-ahụ maka ego Bekee, George Yates, onye na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo.<ref name="Genealogist">[https://www.thegenealogist.co.uk/featuredarticles/2014/who-do-you-think-you-are/reggie-yates-172/ "Reggie Yates – A tale of complicated relationships in the Ghana goldrush of the early 20th Century.]</ref><ref name="Genealogist" /><ref>Rachel Shields, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/im-peerless-if-youre-black-and-want-it-all-theres-no-blueprint-2157939.html "'I'm peerless. ]</ref> Nne Harry Yates bụ Dorothy bụkwa onye agbụrụ agwakọta: nna ya bụ onye nchịkwa ọchịchị British, Augustus George Lloyd, ebe nne ya Sarah bụ onye agbụrụ Fante, onye na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye ọrụ ugbo na onye ahịa na Dixcove, [[Ghana]].<ref>Jon Bauckham, [http://www.whodoyouthinkyouaremagazine.com/episode/reggie-yates "Reggie Yates"],''Who Do You Think You Are?'' online, 25 September 2014.</ref> Yates tolitere na North London, ma gaa Central Foundation Boys 'School na Cowper Street, Islington. == Ọrụ == Yates pụtara na telivishọn mbụ ya na ''Desmond's'' mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ. Ọ pụtakwara na ''Disney Club'', dịka Robbie. N'afọ 1998, Yates pụtara dịka onye ọbịa na ''Diggit'' na CITV n'okpuru aha Robbie. N'afọ 2002, o mere Carl Fenton na usoro ụmụaka a ma ama ''Grange Hill'' . Site n'afọ 2002 ruo n'afọ 2004, o gosipụtara mmemme ụtụtụ Sọnde bụ Smile, wee gaa n'ihu gosipụta ''Top of the Pops'' na onye bụbu onye na-akwado Smile bụ Fearne Cotton tupu ihe omume ikpeazụ a na-agbasa na BBC Two na 30 Julaị afọ 2006. O mekwara ma mee ihe nkiri na usoro ''The Crust'' ma gosipụta Dance Factory na ihe ngosi redio ya na BBC Radio 1. N'afọ 2005, Yates pụtara na asọmpi abụ nke BBC ''Comic Relief Does Fame Academy'' iji nyere Comic Relief aka, na-anọ n'ọkwa nke anọ. N'ihe ngosi ahụ, egwu ya gụnyere "Boombastic", "You're The First, The Last, My Everything", "It Ain't Over Til It's Over", "U Can't Touch This" na "This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)." Ọ na-abụkwa abụ abụọ, "It Takes Two", ya na Edith Bowman, onye meriri n'ihe ngosi ahụ. O mere ka ntutu isi ya na-acha uhie uhie maka arụmọrụ ya nke "Dancing on the Ceiling". Na 10 Machị 2006, Yates pụtara na Stars in Fast Cars ma merie okpomọkụ ahụ iji banye na nke ikpeazụ, na-eti Elton Welsby na Ben Fogle na agba ikpeazụ. N'afọ 2006, Yates pụtara na Reality TV Special nke The Weakest Link ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara na agba nke anọ. N'afọ 2007, Yates pụtara na usoro nke atọ nke usoro akụkọ sayensị Doctor Who dịka Leo Jones, nwanne nwoke nke onye ibe ''Dọkịta'' nke Iri bụ Martha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/jones.shtml|title=Meet the Joneses|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=3 September 2006|accessdate=3 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107171712/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/jones.shtml|archive-date=7 November 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yates gosikwara usoro 1 nke Escape from Scorpion Island ya na onye na-akwado ya bụ Caroline Flack na BBC 1 n'etiti 3 na 21 Septemba afọ 2007.<ref name="UK Game Shows">{{Cite web|title=UK Game Shows|url=http://www.ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Escape_from_Scorpion_Island|work=UK Game Shows|accessdate=3 August 2014|archivedate=1 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801232640/http://ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Escape_from_Scorpion_Island}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na vidiyo egwu Dizzee Rascal nke afọ 2007 "Flex" dịka otu n'ime ndị ikpe na ihe ngosi TV a na-akpọ "Flex Factor".<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/1xtra/semtex/diary/archive_page_09.shtml "Semtex on set at the Dizzee Rascal 'Flex' video shoot"], BBC, 10 October 2007.</ref> Yates pụtara na ihe omume Family Guy pụrụ iche na BBC Three, na-agụta ihe odide iri abụọ kachasị elu nke ihe ngosi ahụ dịka akụkụ nke ngwụsị izu ''Family Guy'' pụrụ iche. == Ihe nkiri == === Television === * ''Top of the Pops'' (BBC One; 2004–2016) - Onye na-eweta ya, ya na Fearne Cotton * Mighty Truck of Stuff (CBBC Channel; 2005) - Onye na-eweta ya * ''Naanị na America'' (CBBC Channel; 2005) - Onye na-eweta ya, ya na Fearne Cotton * ''Ụlọ ọrụ ịgba egwu '' * ''Beckham's Hotshots'' * Smile (BBC Two) * Bring It On (BBC One) * ''UGetMe'' (CBBC & BBC One) * ''Trevor Nelson's Lowdown'' (BBC Three) * ''The Big C Concert'' (BBC) * ''Blue Peter Jubilee Special'' (BBC) * ''Paspọtụ ụmụaka na London'' (Miramax) * ''Disney Club'' * ''Diggit'', ''RoadHog'' (Buena Vista) * Get 100 (BBC Two; 2007) * Escape from Scorpion Island (CBBC Channel; 2007) – Co-presenter, with Caroline Flack * The Almost Perfect Guide to Life (BBC Switch) * ''MTV Base Backstage EMA 2007'' (MTV Base) * MOBO Awards (BBC; 2009) * ''School for Stars (CBBC) - Onye na-akọ akụkọ'' * ''Autistic Superstars 2010'' (BBC Three) * ''Agbamakwụkwọ Frankenstein... Biri na Leeds'' (BBC atọ) * Reggie Yates: Teen Gangs (BBC Three) - Onye na-eweta ya * ''Nke a bụ Justin Bieber'' (ITV; 2011) - Onye na-eweta ya * ''The Voice UK'' (BBC One; 2012–2013) - Onye na-eweta ya, ya na Holly Willoughby * Unity: A Concert for Stephen Lawrence (BBC One) * ''Hapụ'' Hounds (ITV2; 2013–2017) - Onye na-eweta ya * ''Ònye ka i chere na ị bụ?'' (BBC One; 2014) - Isiokwu * Reggie Yates: Extreme South Africa (BBC Three) - Onye na-eweta ya * Reggie & Thunderbirds: No Strings Attached (ITV2; 2015) - Onye na-eweta ya<ref>[https://www.itv.com/presscentre/ep1week14/reggie-thunderbirds-no-strings-attached "Reggie & Thunderbirds: No Strings Attached"], ITV Press Centre.</ref> * ''Thunderbirds Are Go'' - Ellis the Security Guard (olu) * Reggie Yates: Extreme Russia (BBC Three;–) 2015 – Onye na-eweta ya * Prized Apart (BBC One; 2015) - Onye na-eweta ya, ya na Emma Willis * ''Reggie Yates'': Race Riots USA - Onye na-eweta ya * ''Reggie Yates'' Extreme Countries (BBC Three; 2015–) - Onye na-eweta ya * Reggie Yates: The Insider (BBC Three; 2016–) – Onye na-eweta ya * Ndị agha pụrụ iche: Ultimate Hell Week (BBC Two; usoro 2, 2017–) Onye na-eweta ya * ''Reggie na China'' (BBC Two; usoro 1, 2019) - Onye na-eweta ya === Redio === * Fearne & Reggie (BBC Radio 1) * The Trevor Nelson Show (BBC Radio 1) * Reg & Dev (BBC Radio 1Xtra) * Smile Radio (Smile Website) * UK Top 40 (nke a maara dị ka Radio 1's Chart Show) (BBC Radio 1) * The Fearne & Reggie Saturday request show (BBC Radio 1) * The Request Show with Reggie Yates (BBC Radio 1) * ''The Official Chart with Reggie Yates'' (BBC Radio 1) == Ihe nkiri telivishọn == * ''Thunderbirds Are Go'' (ITV) * ''The Crust'' (Archie) * ''UGetMe'' (Calvin) * ''Grange Hill'' (BBC) * ''The Bill'' (ITV) * Onye Nchụàjà (Screen Two) * ''Ihe gbasara ezinụlọ'' (nke ise) * I Bring You Frankincense (Crucial Films) * ''Ghostbusters nke East Finchley'' (BBC) * ''Agent Z na Penguin si Mars'' (Jenks) (BBC) * ''Focus'' (Harrison) (Ụlọ akwụkwọ BBC) * Pirates (Egwuregwu ụmụaka) * Children's Society (Breechhurst) * ''N'etiti ahịrị'' (BBC) * ''Desmond's'' (Humphrey Barclay) * Mgbasa ozi ''mgbasa ozi'' (Trouble TV) * ''Kpakpando n'ụgbọala ngwa ngwa'' (BBC) * Doctor Who (BBC) (dị ka Leo Jones) * ''Atọ n'Ime Otu'' (ITV2) * ''Rastamouse''<ref name=":0"/> (CBeebies) * ''Playhouse Presents'' - Episode: "The Pavement Psychologist" (Sky Arts), Series 2 2013 (dị ka Tommy) * ''Hapụ ndị'' Hounds (ITV) 2013–2017 * ''Reggie Yates'': Outside Man (Netflix) 2017 == Ide na iduzi == * ''Patriarch'' (2013) * Date Night (2014) – Won Best UK Short Film na London Independent Film Festival<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126152657/https://www.reggieyates.com/news/article/date-night "Date Night"], Reggie Yates website, 21 April 2014.</ref> * Shelter (2015) * Roadkill (2016) * ''Mee ka m bụrụ onye ama ama'' (2020)<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p08fvdyp#credits "Make Me Famous"], BBC iPlayer website, 20 June 2020.</ref> * Ndị Pirates (2021) === National Television Awards === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2017 |Onye na-eweta TV |''Russia dị oke egwu''||{{Nom}} |- |2017 |Ntụrụndụ n'ezie |''Reggie Yates: The Insider, BBC Three''||{{Nom}} |} === Royal Television Society Television Awards === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2016 |Onye ngosi kachasị mma |''Russia dị oke egwu''||{{Won}} |- |2016 |Usoro ihe nkiri |''Russia dị oke egwu''||{{Nom}} |- |2016 |Ntụrụndụ |''Hapụ ndị nkịta''||{{Won}} |- |2011 |Onye ngosi kachasị mma |''Autistic Superstars''||{{Nom}} |} === Ihe nrite mgbasa ozi === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2016 |Usoro ihe omume kachasị mma nke ọtụtụ ọwa |''Russia dị oke egwu''||{{Won}} |} === Ihe nrite mgbasa ozi dijitalụ === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2016 |Best Popular Factual Programme |''Russia dị oke egwu''||{{Nom}} |- |2016 |Mmemme ntụrụndụ kacha mma |''Hapụ ndị nkịta''||{{Nom}} |} === Edinburgh TV Awards === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2016 |Mmemme Eziokwu Kachasị Mma |''Russia dị oke egwu''||{{Won}} |} === Attitude Pride Awards === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2015 |Attitude Ally Award |''Reggie Yates maka Extreme Russia''||{{Won}} |} === London Independent Film Awards === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2014 |Ihe nrite ememme, Best Short Film UK Feature |''Ụbọchị abalị''||{{Won}} |} === Onyinye BAFTA nke Ụmụaka === {| class="wikitable" !'''Afọ''' !'''Category''' !'''Ihe ngosi''' !'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2003 |Onye na-eweta ya |''Reggie Yates: Smile''||{{Nom}} |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} * Official website * [https://www.thefive7.com/ Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe - FIVE7] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101105215/http://reggieyatesphotography.com/ Reggie Yates Photography] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9pib4k9dyvhmocsrv8abn30pvfyusjn 0 14839 728430 94197 2026-09-27T08:09:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tsakane Valentine Maswanganyi''' (a mụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1979) bụ onye South Africa nwere ólú egwu soprano na-arụ ọrụ na mba ụwa. O bu ụzọ pụta ìhè n'ihu ọha dị ka onye otu egwu opera a ma ama n'ụwa bụ Amici Forever .<ref name="independent">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tsakane-valentine-maswanganyi-from-soweto-to-the-festival-hall-458828.html|title=Tsakane Valentine Maswanganyi: From Soweto to the Festival Hall - Features, Music|work=[[The Independent]]|publisher=www.independent.co.uk|accessdate=2010-01-29|author=Jones|first=Alice|date=2007-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080707103740/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tsakane-valentine-maswanganyi-from-soweto-to-the-festival-hall-458828.html|archive-date=2008-07-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ pụtala na egwu na opera na nnukwu ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri na mba ụwa. '''Tsakane Valentine Maswanganyi''' (a mụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1979) bụ onye South Africa nwere ólú egwu soprano na-arụ ọrụ na mba ụwa. O bu ụzọ pụta ìhè n'ihu ọha dị ka onye otu egwu opera a ma ama n'ụwa bụ Amici Forever .<ref name="independent" /> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ pụtala na egwu na opera na nnukwu ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri na mba ụwa. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Maswanganyi ma o tolite n'otu obodo dị na Soweto, ebe ya na nne na nna ya ochie biri afọ asatọ mbụ nke ndụ ya. Nne nne ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ma nna nna ya bụ ụkọchukwu. N'oge ahụ, a ka na-eme ikpa oke South Africa n'okpuru iwu nke apartheid. Maswanganyi kwuru banyere ahụmịhe ahụ, "M ga-asị na ezinụlọ m nwere ndụ onye isi ojii nọ n'etiti na Soweto - nke dị iche na ndụ onye isi ojii nọ na obodo ndị ọcha. Soweto nwere mmụọ dị iche. E nwere mgbe a na-agba égbè, ahụghịm nke ahụ kpọmkwem. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị agha na-abịa n'ụgbọala ma gbapụ ikuku mmụọ n' okochi anya. Anyị n'egwuri egwu n'ogige ma ha ga abịa na mberede nke anyị ga-abanye n'ime ma kpọchie ọnụ ụzọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị uwe ojii na-abịa ma malite ịkụ aka na ịkụsa ọnụ ụzọ n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya. N'oge ahụ, a naghị ekwe ka ndị mmadụ nwee ndị ọbịa - ọbụnadị ụmụ nwanne nna gị ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ gị - ị ga-enwetarịrị ụdị ikike iji mee ka ndị mmadụ leta gị. "<ref name="independent" /> Mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, Maswanganyi kwagara Giyani n'ebe ugwu South Africa ka ya na nne na nna ya biri. Ọ nọgidere n'ebe ahụ ruo afọ iri na ụma ya. Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị afọ ole na ole na Risinga High School, mana usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ Bantu enyeghị ụmụ akwụkwọ ha ihe ọmụmụ ọ bụla na mpaghara egwu. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ukwe ụka ya nke nne ya duziri ma na-eme egwu a cappella na ukwe ọdịnala nke Afrịka. N'ihi ya, Maswanganyi enwechaghị amamihe gbasara egwu oge ochie ma onweghị ike ịgụ gbasara egwu mgbe ọ banyere Mahadum nke Pretoria na ọchịchọ nke ịchụso nzere ya na ngalaba egwu. Enweghị amamịhe ya gbochiri ha ịnabata ya dị ka onye isi egwu. Otú ọ dị, otu afọ course "mgbochi" nke egwu na mahadum nyeere ya aka gbasara enweghị ihe ọmụma egwu ya ma emesịa osonye na mmemme ahụ.<ref name="independent" /> == Ọrụ == N'afọ nke anọ na nke ikpeazụ ya na Mahadum nke Pretoria, Maswanganyi malitere ime ihe nkiri opera chorus na State Theatre na Pretoria. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara n'ihu na ọzụzụ ọrụ ya na Pretoria Technikon ruo afọ atọ. O gosipụtara ọrụ aha na mmepụta ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Emmerich Kálmán's ''Gräfin Mariza'' n'afọ mbụ ya na mmemme ahụ. Omume ya mere ka a kpọọ ya ka ọ maliteghachi ọrụ ahụ maka ọrụ mbụ ya na Roodepoort City Opera . Ohere ndị ọzọ sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya, gụnyere egwu ndị a gụpụtara [[Nelson Mandela]] na Thabo Mbeki na arụmọrụ maka ndị nnọchi anya United Nations na Earth Summit 2002 na Johannesburg.<ref name="independent" /> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị ''akwụkwọ'' na Pretoria Technikon, Maswanganyi gụpụtara ọrụ Maria na arụmọrụ nke West Side Story nke Spier Opera Company na Cape Town.<ref name="independent" /> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe o nyechara aka mepụta Amici Forever nke o wepụtara abọm abụọ gara nke ọma, ''The Opera Band'' (2004) na Defined (2005). Ndị otu ahụ gakwara Australia na New Zealand n'afọ 2006 na United Kingdom n'afọ 2006 na 2007. Maswanganyi na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-akụ egwu naanị ya na egwu ngosipụta na nke opera. O meela ihe ngosi maka ndị isi ala Thabo Mbeki na [[Nelson Mandela]].<ref name="Winnie">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/tonight/news/local/durban-link-to-historic-sa-opera-1.1048038|title=Durban link to historic SA opera|author=Billy Suter|work=iol.co.za|date=March 28, 2011}}</ref> Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ Musetta (''La bohème''), Valencienne (The Merry Widow), Amelia (''Amelia al Ballo''), Arminda (''La finta giardiniera'') na Contessa Ceprano (''Rigoletto''). Ụfọdụ ihe ndị pụtara ìhè n'ọrụ ya gụnyere ọrụ aha na ''Carmen Jones'' na London Philharmonic na Royal Festival Hall na Bess na ''Porgy na Bess'' na Cape Town Opera, Deutsche Oper Berlin, na Norwegian National Opera .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/jul2008/porg-j29.shtml|title=Porgy and Bess in Berlin|publisher=www.wsws.org|accessdate=2010-01-29|author=Nees|first=Verena}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011, ọ gosipụtara ọrụ aha na ngosipụta mpụtara mbido ụwa nke Bongani Ndodana-Breen's Winnie: The Opera na State Theatre na Pretoria .<ref name="Winnie premiere">{{Cite news|title=Winnie the Opera premieres with all eyes on Winnie the spectator|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/28/winnie-madikizela-mandela-opera-premiere|author=Louise Redvers|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=29 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Winnie Mandela's life story made into opera|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13205534|publisher=BBC News|date=2011-04-27}}</ref> Maswanganyi bi ugbu a na Italy ebe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ n'ihe gbasara olu egwu nke mezzo-soprano Nadiya Petrenko.<ref name="Winnie" /> == Discografị == * ''The Opera Band'' (2004, Amici Forever) * Defined (2005, Amici Forever) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mpgfj91ce3ico4s6xmb40pbhtgqhizz 0 14934 728273 708001 2026-09-26T18:05:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Paul Danquah''', onye a mụrụ '''Joseph Paul Walcott'''<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39059/page/5514/data.pdf ''The London Gazette''], 3 November 1950, p. 5514.</ref> (25 Mee 1925 &#x2D; 13 Ọgọst 2015), bụ onye Britain na-eme ihe nkiri, nke a maara karịsịa maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ''A Taste of Honey'' (1961), nke sitere na egwuregwu 1958 nke otu aha ahụ nke Shelagh Delaney dere. O mechara bụrụ onye ọka iwu na onye ndụmọdụ ụlọ akụ.<ref name="Isherwood 624-25">[[Christopher Isherwood|Isherwood, Christopher]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=eYHG2Y48MK4C&pg=PA625&lpg=PA625&dq=Paul+Danquah&source=bl&ots=nDZyaGkHV0&sig=Du1U07LwMV3l97I8heFKzQJ7TUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD4Q6AEwCGoVChMI6Y24mqnhyAIVAlcaCh1WpwIB#v=onepage&q=Paul%20Danquah&f=false "Danquah, Paul"], ''The Sixties — Diaries, Volume 2: 1960-1969'', Random House, 2010, pp. 624–25.</ref> Nna ya bụ onye ọchịchị [[Ghana]] J. B. Danquah .<ref name="THS">{{Cite news|author=Niven|first=Alastair|authorlink=Alastair Niven|title=Every word doth almost tell his name|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=202066|accessdate=16 October 2012|work=[[Times Higher Education]]|date=31 March 2006}}</ref><ref name="TKS">{{Cite web|title=Paul Danquah|url=http://www.sbu.ac.uk/stafflag/pauldanquah.html|work=The Knitting Circle|publisher=[[London South Bank University]]|accessdate=16 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020405063923/http://www.sbu.ac.uk/stafflag/pauldanquah.html|archivedate=5 April 2002|date=27 January 2002}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ ya Joseph Paul Walcott na [[London]], England, ebe o tolitere.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0200497/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm "Paul Danquah Biography"], IMDb.</ref> Nne ya, Bertha May Walcott, bụ onye Bekee, nna ya bụ Joseph Boakye "J.B." Danquah bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana na onye isi ọdịnala; Paul bụ ọkpara n'ime ọtụtụ ụmụ ya site na alụmdi na nwunye abụọ na mmekọrịta dị iche iche.<ref name="WP">Danquah, Nana-Ama, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/actor-lawyer-lover-of-the-arts-her-uncle-defied-category/2016/06/01/a28668c4-17a0-11e6-9e16-2e5a123aac62_story.html "Actor. Lawyer. Lover of the arts. Her uncle defied category"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 2 June 2016.</ref> Danquah gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu ma a kpọọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu na Inner Temple, yana na Ghana na Washington, D.C. O mechara rụọ ọrụ dịka [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|onye]] ndụmọdụ na World Bank ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 1986, mgbe ọ bi na Washington, ọ bụ enyi ndị na-arụ ọrụ nka nke Africa na America gụnyere Maya Angelou, James Baldwin, Roberta Flack na Nina Simone.<ref name="Isherwood 624-25"/><ref name="TKS" /><ref>Danquah, Meri Nana-Ama, [https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/05/28/what-i-learned-from-my-auntie-maya/ "What I Learned From My Auntie Maya"], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 28 May 2014.</ref> Mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ, Danquah mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na ihe nkiri Britain ''A Taste of Honey'' (1961), nke gosipụtara ọrụ Jimmy.<ref name="TKS" /><ref name="MAG">{{Cite book|author=Hanson|first=Stephen L.|title=Magill's Survey of Cinema--English language films, second series, Volume 5|year=1981|publisher=Salem Press|isbn=0893562300}}</ref> Ya na onye otu ya bụ Rita Tushingham susuru ọnụ, nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nsusu ọnụ agbụrụ mbụ na ihuenyo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/jan/28/rita-tushingham-interview-taste-of-honey-shock-60s|title=Rita Tushingham on life after A Taste of Honey: 'It was a shock when the 60s ended'|author=Jeffries|first=Stuart|date=28 January 2020|work=The Guardian|accessdate=28 January 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Nyocha na ''The New York Times'' kwuru, sị: "Paul Danquah na ihe nkiri mbụ ya dịka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Negro, dị nro ma dị aghụghọ na obere ọrụ ma na-achọsi ike."<ref>Weiler, A. H., [https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B00E6DA1E31E63ABC4953DFB3668389679EDE "Screen: 'A Taste of Honey' Arrives:British Drama Stars Rita Tushingham"], ''The New York Times'', 1 May 1962.</ref> O gosipụtara usoro telivishọn BBC Two Play School n'afọ 1966 ma a kọrọ na ọ bụ onye isi ojii mbụ na-egosi ihe omume ụmụaka na UK.<ref name="TG1">{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Sarah|title=How we made: Joy Whitby and Phyllida Law on Play School|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/oct/15/how-we-made-play-school|accessdate=16 October 2012|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 October 2012}}</ref> Onye na-ese ihe bụ Francis Bacon na Danquah na onye ọrụ ibe Danquah bụ Peter Pollock biri (19 Nọvemba 1919 - 18 Julaị 2001) na ụlọ ha dị na Battersea site n'afọ 1956 ruo 1961.<ref name="Independent" /><ref name="TKS" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Peppiatt|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Peppiatt|title=Francis Bacon in the 1950s|year=2007|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0300121926|pages=30 and 42|edition=Illustrated}}</ref> N'oge a, na ngwụsị afọ 1961, Danquah mere ndokwa ka Don Bachardy dọpụt<ref name="TKS" />a Bacon.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Isherwood|first=Christopher|title=Diaries: 1960–1969|url=https://archive.org/details/diaries0000ishe|year=2010|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0701169404|edition=reprint|quote=Paul reported that Francis wasn't very keen on the idea, but he advised Don to go around to Francis's flat with his drawing board and act as though he had misunderstood and that they had an appointment. This Don did and it worked.}}</ref> Danquah na Pollock kwagara Tangier, [[Morocco]], na ngwụcha afọ ndị 1970.<ref name="TKS" /> Na ngwụsị afọ ndị 1990, Danquah na Pollock chọpụtara akpa nwere eserese Bacon; Tate nwetara eserese ndị a n'afọ̀1996 ma gosipụta ya n'afọ̀ 1999.<ref name="Independent">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-pollock-9253074.html|author=Hall|first=Willis|authorlink=Willis Hall|title=Obituary: Peter Pollock|work=[[The Independent]]|date=11 September 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Graham-Dixon|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Graham-Dixon|title=A side of Bacon|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4721383/A-side-of-Bacon.html|accessdate=16 October 2012|work=[[Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=1 February 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/exhibitions-the-drawings-he-didnt-want-you-to-see-1078930.html|author=MacRitchie|first=Lynn|title=Exhibitions: The drawings he didn't want you to see – Francis Bacon: Works on Paper and Paintings Tate Gallery, London|work=The Independent|date=7 March 1999|page=7}}</ref> Danquah nwụrụ na Tangier na 13 August 2015 mgbe ọ dị afọ 90; dịka nwa nwanne ya nwanyị Meri Nana-Ama Danquah si kwuo, e liri ya na Boubana Cemetery, n'akụkụ Peter Pollock, dịka ọ rịọrọ na uche ya.<ref name="WP"/> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |1961 |''A Taste of Honey'' |Jimmy |Onye nduzi ya bụ Tony Richardson |- |1966 |''Nke ahụ Riviera Touch'' |Hassim |Morecambe na Wise comedy nke Cliff Owen<br /><br /><br /><br /> duziriUncredited |- |1967 |''Maroc 7'' |Onye uwe ojii |Onye nduzi ya bụ Gerry O'Hara |- |1967 |''Oge Ịkasị'' |Nke abụọ dị oke mma |Onye nduzi ya bụ Desmond Davis<br /><br /><br /><br /> (ihe nkiri ikpeazụ) |} === Television === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |1965 |''Ụlọ ihe nkiri Armchair'' |Flecker |Usoro nke 5, ihe omume nke 17: "Olu n'igwe" |- |1965 |''Nwoke Dị Ihe Ọjọọ'' |James Owen |Usoro 2, ihe omume 22: "Parallel Lines Sometimes Meet" |- |1966 |''Nwoke Dị Ihe Ọjọọ'' |Onye na-ehicha ihe |Usoro nke 3, ihe omume nke 6: "The Mercenaries" |- |1966 |''Nwoke Dị Ihe Ọjọọ'' |Barman |Usoro 3, ihe omume 12: "Nwoke ahụ nọ n'ụsọ osimiri" |- |1966 |''Ndị Avengers'' |Lieutenant Razafi |Usoro nke 4, ihe omume nke 16: "Obere egwuregwu maka nnukwu ndị na-achụ nta" |- |1966 |''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu'' |Ya onwe ya |Onye na-eweta ya |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160503075459/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2baaf9ed90 Paul Danquah] na BFI. * {{IMDb name|0200497}} * Nana-Ama Danquah, "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/actor-lawyer-lover-of-the-arts-her-uncle-defied-category/2016/06/01/a28668c4-17a0-11e6-9e16-2e5a123aac62_story.html Onye na-eme ihe nkiri]. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/actor-lawyer-lover-of-the-arts-her-uncle-defied-category/2016/06/01/a28668c4-17a0-11e6-9e16-2e5a123aac62_story.html Onye ọka iwu. Onye hụrụ nka n'anya. Nwanne nna ya megidere ụdị"], ''The Washington Post'', 2 June 2016. 0h12vrobwxyqvt2m0fnjwtufbvwdb7d 0 15231 728462 188875 2026-09-27T10:59:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Based on a long period of research and analysis, the work of Wael Shawky solves the idea of nation, religion and art through film, performance and storytelling. < ref name="lissongallery.com" > {{ Cite web | url= http://www.lissongallery.com/artists/wael-shawky | title= Wael Shawky {{ ! }} Artists {{ ! }} Lisson Gallery | work= www.lissongallery.com | language= en | accessdate= 2017-04-01 } } </ ref > Shawky creates contemporary culture through the lens of historical tradition and the other. Mixing fact and fiction, childlike wonder and spiritual teachings, Shawky has created a depiction of the ancient conflict between Muslims and Christians in his trilogy of puppets and marionettes. < ref name="lissongallery.com" /> Basedhawky was born in Alexandria, Egypt in 1971 and spent his youth in Mecca, Saudia before returning to Egypt at the age of 13. < ref name="thenational.ae" > {{ Cite news | url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131159/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/the-uae-and-majahim-camels-are-at-the-centre-of-wael-shawkys-film-dictums-manqia-i | title= The UAE and majahim camels are at the center of Wael Shawky's film Dictums: Manqia I | work= The National | access date = 2018-02-28 | language= en } } </ ref >Shawky is one of the most famous artists from the Middle East who has received international recognition for his work that traces the history of the Crusades from a Middle Eastern perspective. < ref > {{ Cite news | url= http://purple.fr/diary/wael-shawky-castello-di-rivoli-museum-contemporary-art-turin/ | title= Wael Shawky at the Castello di Rivoli Museum of Contemporary Art, Turin - purple ART | date= 2016-11-16 | work= Purple | access date = 2018-02-28 | language= en-US }} </ ref >He holds an MFA from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, and a BFA from Alexandria University, Egypt. < ref > {{ Cite web | url= http://www.lissongallery.com/artists/wael-shawky | title= Wael Shawky - Artists - Lisson Gallery | publisher= } } </ ref > A mụrụ Shawky na Alexandria, Ijipt na 1971 ma nọrọ oge ntorobịa ya na Mecca, Saudia tupu ọ laghachi Ijipt mgbe ọ dị afọ 13.<ref name="thenational.ae">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/the-uae-and-majahim-camels-are-at-the-centre-of-wael-shawkys-film-dictums-manqia-i|title=The UAE and majahim camels are at the centre of Wael Shawky’s film Dictums: Manqia I|work=The National|accessdate=2018-02-28|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131159/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/the-uae-and-majahim-camels-are-at-the-centre-of-wael-shawkys-film-dictums-manqia-i|archive-date=2016-12-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shawky bụ otu n'ime ndị omenkà a ma ama si Middle East bụ onye nwetara nkwado mba ụwa maka ọrụ ya nke na-achọpụta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Crusades site na oghere Middle East.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://purple.fr/diary/wael-shawky-castello-di-rivoli-museum-contemporary-art-turin/|title=Wael Shawky at the Castello di Rivoli Museum of Contemporary Art, Turin - purple ART|date=2016-11-16|work=Purple|accessdate=2018-02-28|language=en-US}}</ref> O nwere MFA site na Mahadum Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, na BFA site na Маhadum Alexandria, Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lissongallery.com/artists/wael-shawky|title=Wael Shawky - Artists - Lisson Gallery|publisher=}}</ref> 5N'afọ 2017, Wael Shawky gosipụtara ọrụ ọhụrụ ya 'Song of Roland: The Arabic Version' na mmeghe nke Theater der Welt 2017 na Hamburg, German.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theaterderwelt.de/en/artists/artist/artist-5548|title=Theater der Welt - artist|work=www.theaterderwelt.de|language=en|accessdate=2017-07-06|archivedate=2017-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621221528/http://www.theaterderwelt.de/en/artists/artist/artist-5548}}</ref> Nnukwu ihe nkiri na egwu egwu na-asụgharị amaokwu French 'La Chanson de Roland' n'asụsụ Arabic ma gosipụta ihe ngosi nke ndi egwu iri abụọ na ise na-agụ egwu fidjeri . Fidjeri bụ ụdị egwu nke ndị na-egwu pearl na-abụ site na steeti Gulf nke Persian, dịka akụkụ nke omenala nke malitere ihe karịrị afọ narị asatọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sharjahart.org/sharjah-art-foundation/projects/the-song-of-roland-the-arabic-version|title=projects - Sharjah Art Foundation|work=sharjahart.org|accessdate=2017-07-06|archivedate=2017-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930054426/http://sharjahart.org/sharjah-art-foundation/projects/the-song-of-roland-the-arabic-version}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, Shawky nwere ihe ngosi onwe ya na Kunsthaus Bregenz, Austria, The Fondazione Merz na Castello di Rivoli, ma na Turin, Ịtali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kunsthaus-bregenz.at/html/welcome00.htm?Aus_Wael_Shawky.htm|title=Wael Shawky|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2016-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212071552/http://www.kunsthaus-bregenz.at/html/welcome00.htm?Aus_Wael_Shawky.htm}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Serpentine Galleries na London mere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/07/wael-shawky-will-change-how-you-see-the-crusades.html|title=Wael Shawky’s Epic Films Will Completely Change How You See the Crusades|date=15 July 2015|publisher=}}</ref> Enwere ike ịchọta ọrụ Shawky n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta ọha na eze, ọkachasị: M[[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|us]]<nowiki/>eum of Modern Art (MoMA), na New York City, US, National Gallery of Canada, na Ottawa, [[Kánada|Canada]], na Tate Collection, na [[London]], [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mathaf.org.qa/en/wael-shawky|title=Wael Shawky: Crusades and Other Stories at Mathaf|work=www.mathaf.org.qa|language=en-gb|accessdate=2018-02-28|archivedate=2018-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044504/http://www.mathaf.org.qa/en/wael-shawky}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artwork.php?mkey=221730|title=Search the Collection|work=www.gallery.ca|language=en|accessdate=2018-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/shawky-telematch-sadat-t13332|title=‘Telematch Sadat’, Wael Shawky, 2007 {{!}} Tate|author=Tate|work=Tate|accessdate=2018-02-28|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ bụ Lisson Gallery na-anọchite anya ya. Shawky enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na ihe nrite maka ọrụ ya. Ọ meriri Ernst Schering Foundation Art Award na 2011 ma bụrụ onye natara Mario Merz Prize mbụ (2015) maka trilogy ihe nkiri ya, ''Al Araba Al Madfuna'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/magazine/wael-shawky-in-the-studio/|title=In the Studio: Wael Shawky - Magazine - Art in America|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fondazionemerz.org/en/exhibitions/wael-shawky/|title=Wael Shawky_Al Araba Al Madfuna - Fondazione Merz|publisher=}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Shawky nwere ihe ngosi akpọrọ "Crusades and Other Stories" na Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wael Shawky: Crusades and Other Stories {{!}} Artsy|url=https://www.artsy.net/show/mathaf-arab-museum-of-modern-art-wael-shawky-crusades-and-other-stories|accessdate=2022-02-03|work=www.artsy.net}}</ref> N'ime ihe nkiri ya nwere oké ọchịchọ, ''Cabaret Crusades'', Wael na-ewere dị ka isiokwu ya akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gbara Agha Ndị Kraịst gburugburu.<ref name="lissongallery.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lissongallery.com/artists/wael-shawky|title=Wael Shawky {{!}} Artists {{!}} Lisson Gallery|work=www.lissongallery.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-04-01}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.lissongallery.com/artists/wael-shawky "Wael Shawky | Artists | Lisson Gallery"]. ''www.lissongallery.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> Usoro ahụ malitere na 2010 ma mechaa mechaa mezue na Jenụwarị 2015, mgbe emere ya na MoMA P.S.1, New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://momaps1.org/exhibitions/view/394|title=MoMA PS1: Exhibitions: Wael Shawky: Cabaret Crusades|work=momaps1.org|accessdate=2017-04-01}}</ref> ''Cabaret Crusades'' nwere ''ihe'' nkiri atọ: The Horror Show File, The Path to Cairo, na The Secrets of Karbala, nke onye edemede Lebanọn Amin Maalouf dere The Crusades Through Arab Eyes.<ref>Art Review, October 2016, Accessed 23 November 2016</ref> Ihe nkiri Shawky gosipụtara akụkọ ihe mere eme dị iche iche na mgbalị inye ma gosipụta echiche ndị Arab banyere Agha Ntụte (site na 1095 ruo 1204).<ref name="Art Review, October 2016">Art Review, October 2016</ref> Ndị niile nọ na fim atọ Shawky bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ma gosipụta ọdịnala Arabic.<ref>Sameer Rahim, 'Pulling the Strings', ''Apollo,'' January 2017</ref> Ihe omume nke abụọ, The Path to Cairo, gosipụtara ụmụ bebi e ji ụrọ mee - ihe e kwenyere na ọ bụ ihe e ji mee ụmụ mmadụ dịka Qu'ran si kwuo.<ref>'The Return of the Strings', Boris Groys, Parkett, 95, 2014</ref> N'afọ 2011, Shawky gosipụtara ọrụ ya na 12th Istanbul Biennial.<ref name="serpentinegalleries.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.serpentinegalleries.org/exhibitions-events/wael-shawky|title=Wael Shawky|publisher=}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, o mepụtara ihe ngosi maka Sharjah Biennial site na usoro 'Dictums' ya, ebe ndị ọrụ 30 (nke kachasị sitere na ndị Pakistan) na-abụ abụ na qawwali, ụdị egwu nsọpụrụ Sufi na okwu ndị e si na nkwupụta nke Biennial.<ref name="thenational.ae"/><ref name="Art Review, October 2016">Art Review, October 2016</ref> Shawky gara n'ihu nata ihe nrite Sharjah Biennial maka ọrụ ahụ N'afọ 2010, Shawky malitere [https://massalexandria.wordpress.com/ MASS Alexandria] nke bụ mmemme mbụ nke onwe ya maka ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na Alexandria, Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/60f24b1a-4dec-11e3-8fa5-00144feabdc0|title=Interview: Egyptian artist Wael Shawky on faith, oil, politics – and puppetry|author=Spence|first=Rachel|date=2013-11-29|work=Financial Times|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-02-28}}</ref><ref name="serpentinegalleries.org" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ov3543f9iwfe44nhavg8hznwctl19r6 0 15261 728425 707667 2026-09-27T07:43:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728425 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Thomas William Saymoir Meyer''' (28 Febụwarị 1928 na 6 Nọvemba 2017) bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Algemeen/filmmaker-tommie-meyer-sterf-20171107|title=Filmmaker Tommie Meyer sterf (translated: Tommie Meyer passes away)|publisher=Network24|date=7 November 2017|accessdate=19 April 2018|author=Narrain, A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Armes|first=Roy|title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofafri0000arme|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780253351166}}</ref> == Ọrụ mmepụta == E wepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya dịka onye na-emepụta ihe na 18 June 1969. O mepụtara ihe nkiri iri atọ na atọ n'agbata afọ 1969 na afọ 1994. Ọ sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ nke Jamie Uys, mana ha kewara mgbe afọ ole na ole gasịrị. O guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya Tommie Meyer Films (Pty) Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ejriley.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/e-riley-thesis-march-2013.pdf|title=From Matieland To Mother City: Landscape, Identity And Place In Feature Films Set In The Cape Province, 1947-1989|author=Riley|first=Eustacia|date=December 2012|publisher=University of Cape Town|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Fourie|first=Pieter Jacobus|title=Media Studies: Institutions, theories, and issues|publisher=Juta and Company Ltd|year=2001|isbn=9780702156557}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Movies, moguls, mavericks: South African cinema 1979-1991|publisher=Showdata|year=1992|isbn=9780620165297}}</ref> A na-egosi mmepụta ya n'okpuru ebe a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bbd236ad5|title=Tommie Meyer|accessdate=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507091449/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bbd236ad5|archive-date=7 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:" width="750px" ! colspan="8" |Ihe nkiri ndị e mepụtara |- ! style="white-space: nowrap;" width="30" |Afọ ! width="145" |Aha ihe nkiri ! width="145" |Aha a sụgharịrị ! width="145" |Onye na-emepụta 1 ! width="145" |Onye na-emepụta 2 ! width="130" |Onye nduzi |- |1994 |Ipi Tombi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4541116/?ref_=nm_knf_t1|title=Ipi Tombi|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | |Stefan Swanepoel | |Donald Hulette |- |1981 |Nnụnụ nke Paradaịs<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1692978/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_1|title=Birds of Paradise|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | | | |[[Rex Garner]] |- |1979 |Okwu Charlie 'n ster<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2044751/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_2|title=Charlie Word 'n Ster|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Charlie na-aghọ kpakpando | | |Dirk de Villiers |- |1978 |'n ndagwurugwu Seder na Waterkloof<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2046062/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_3|title=n Seder Val in Waterkloof|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Osisi dara na Waterkloof | | |Franz Marx |- |1977 |Nwụrụ n'oge oyi 14 Julie<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2046084/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_4|title=Die Winter van 14 Julie|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Oge oyi nke July 14 | | |Jan Scholtz |- |1976 |Springbok<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2140427/?ref_=nv_sr_1|title=Springbok|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | | | |Bob Riley |- |1976 |Daar Kom Tant Alie<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2048724/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_5|title=Daar Kom Tant Alie|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Nwanne nne Alie nọ n'ụzọ |Sias Odendaal | |Ụgbọ Mmiri Koos |- |1975 |Sumer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2048862/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_6|title=Somer|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Oge Ọchịchị | | |Sias Odendaal |- |1974 |'n Sonneblom uit Parys<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2139519/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_7|title='n Sonneblom uit Parys|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Flowers nke Paris |Bill Venter | |Sias Odendaal |- |1974 |Babbelkous<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2046073/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_8|title=Babbelkous|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Igbe mkparịta ụka | | |Ụgbọ Mmiri Koos |- |1972 |Pikkia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2140275/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_9|title=Pikkie|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | | | |Sias Odendaal |- |1971 |Freddie hụrụ n'anya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3783712/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_10|title=Freddie's in Love|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | |Elmo De Witt |Ben Vlok |Manie van Rensburg |- |1971 |Z.E.B.R.A.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2182261/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_11|title=Z.E.B.R.A.|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | |Ben Vlok | |Elmo De Witt |- |1971 |Ndụ Ọhụrụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2224017/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_13|title=A New Life|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | |Elmo De Witt |Ben Vlok |Dirk de Villiers |- |1971 |Lindie | | | |Wally Green |- |1970 |Vicki<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2025721/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_14|title=Vicki!|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> | |Elmo De Witt |Ben Vlok |Ivan Hall |- |1970 |Anwụla n'ụgbọ Van der Merwes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2034657/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_15|title=Die 3 v.d. Merwes|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Van der Merwes atọ ahụ |Elmo De Witt |Ben Vlok |Dirk de Villiers |- |1970 |Sien joueur môre<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2035621/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_16|title=Sien jou môre|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Ị ga-ahụ gị echi |Ben Vlok | |Elmo De Witt |- |1970 |Ọgha ụgha n'ime obi m<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0392332/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_17|title=Lied in My Hart|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Abụ n'obi m |Elmo De Witt |Ben Vlok |Ivan Hall |- |1969 |Geheim van Nantes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0369449/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_18|title=Geheim van Nantes|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Ihe nzuzo nke Nantes |Elmo De Witt |Ben Vlok |Dirk de Villiers |- |1969 |Danie Bosman: N'ime ihe ndị a na-akpọ Suid Afrika<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2022368/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_19|title=Danie Bosman: Die verhaal van die grootste S.A. komponis|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> |Danie Bosman: Akụkọ banyere onye na-ede egwu kachasị ukwuu na South Africa | | |Elmo De Witt |- |1967 |Oge ụgha m |Gee abụ m | | |Elmo De Witt |} == Springbok (1976) == N'afọ 1977, Mahadum Pretoria gbalịrị ịkwụsị ntọhapụ nke ihe nkiri a, n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ gosipụtara onye na-acha ọbara ọbara dịka nwa akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. E kpere ikpe ahụ na Universiteit van Pretoria v Tommie Meyer Films 1977 (4) SA 376, ebe Meyer meriri (na ọzọ na mkpegharị ikpe).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://learning.ufs.ac.za/DEL314_OFF/Resources/RESOURCES/Court%20Cases/UNIVERSITEIT%20VAN%20PRETORIA%20v%20TOMMIE%20MEYER%20FILMS%20(EDMS)%20BPK%201977%20(4)%20SA%20376%20(T).pdf|title=UNIVERSITEIT VAN PRETORIA v TOMMIE MEYER FILMS (EDMS) BPK 1977 (4) SA 376 (T)|work=University of the Free State|accessdate=2020-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Rickard|first=Carmel|title=Thank You, Judge Mostert!|year=2012|isbn=9780143527756}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.litnet.co.za/oktober-1978-die-man-wat-moes-wegstap-van-die-twee-liefdes-in-sy-lewe/|title=Die man wat moes wegstap van die twee liefdes in sy lewe (Translated: The man that had to walk away from the two lovers in his life)|author=Pienaar|first=Gustaf|date=9 October 2012|publisher=Litnet|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Tomaselli|first=Keyan|title=The Cinema of Apartheid: Race and Class in South African Film|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9781138988903}}</ref> == Ipi Tombi (1994) == Ihe nkiri a bụ nke egwu Ipi Tombi, nke ndị edemede South Africa Bertha Egnos na Gail Lakier. Meyer zụrụ ikike ihe nkiri ahụ n'aka Egnos na Brian Brooke. Meyer nwere nsogbu ego na ihe nkiri a na ndị ọhụrụ na-etinye ego kpebiri itinye onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jan-Michael Vincent. == Ndụ onwe == Meyer tolitere na Boksburg, nwa Petrus Frederik na Catharina Magaritha Meyer. Ọ gara Hoërskool Voortrekker, nke ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri South Africa atọ, Jamie Uys, Jans Rautenbach na Jan Scoltz, bụkwa ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ọ lụrụ Emmarentia Truter (onye o mechara gbaa alụkwaghịm) ha nwere ụmụ isii. Tupu o mepụta ihe nkiri, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ "Ọnwụ abụghị nnukwu ihe"), nke Jamie Uys mepụtara ma wepụta na 22 Mee afọ 1961.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2046085/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm|title=Doodkry is min|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> Nwa ya nwoke, Pietie, bụ onye isi na ihe nkiri ya Pikkie, nyere aka na ụda na Birds of Paradise, ọ bụkwa onye na-enyere Ipi Tombi aka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2140275/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm|title=Pikkie (1972) full cast & crew|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1692978/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast|title=Birds of Paradise (1981) full cast & crew|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1692978/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast|title=Ipi Tombi (1994) full cast & crew|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> Meyer lara ezumike nká n'afọ 1994 wee nwụọ n'afọ 2017. == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} i895rkb6he9ja8ua73q9aqlpmrdg6lo 0 15867 728312 624094 2026-09-26T20:25:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ramekon O'Arwisters''' (amụrụ n'August 15, 1960) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe n'Afrịka na America, nke a maara nke ọma màkà akwa ya na ọrụ nka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Crochet Jam .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ramekon O'Arwisters|url=https://artadia.org/artist/ramekon-oarwisters/|accessdate=2022-04-29|work=Artadia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Bryan-Wilson|first=Julia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JpIDwAAQBAJ&dq=Ramekon+O'Arwisters&pg=PA257|title=Fray: Art and Textile Politics|date=February 2021|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07782-6|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> Ọ na-emepụta nka site na iji ọdịnala ọdịnala nke akwa akwa. E gosipụtara ọrụ Ramekon na New York, North Carolina, Tokyo, Bologna, Miami Beach, na San Francisco. Ọ bụkwa ónyé bụbu ónyé nlekọta nke foto nka dị mma na SFO Museum. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Ramekon na Kernersville, [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]].<ref name=":0" /> Ọ tolitere n'ugbo. Nné na nnà ya rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi na Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Ọ gụsịrị kọleji na Mahadum nke North Carolina na 1982 na B.A. na nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'afọ 1986, ọ nwetara nzere Master of Divinity (M.Div.) na Duke University School of Divinidad na Durham, North Carolina. Ramekon bi na San Francisco ugbu a. == Ọrụ == Ọrụ Ramekon na-akọwa site na ncheta nwata a hụrụ n'anya nke jupụtara na omenala ndị Africa na America nke ịkpa ákwà na akwa. Ramekon na-enyocha ihe gbárá ya gburugburu nke iguzogide na nkwekọrịta, n'etiti njikwa na nnwere onwé site na ịkpa ihe osise n'efu. Ọ bụ ónyé natara 2014 Eureka Fellowship Award nke Fleishhacker Foundation na Artadia Award na 2003. == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * {{Cite web|url=https://www.sfstation.com/2017/01/17/recycle-reuse-create-the-latest-from-recologys-artist-in-residence-program/|publisher=sfstation.com|title=Recycle, Reuse, Create. The Latest from Recology's Artist in Residence Program - SF Station - San Francisco's City Guide|accessdate=2017-02-05}} * {{Cite web|url=http://openspace.sfmoma.org/2017/01/a-conversation-with-james-fleming-kelly-lovemonster-and-boychild/|publisher=openspace.sfmoma.org|title=Redefining Touch: A Conversation with James Fleming, Kelly Lovemonster, and boychild : Open Space|accessdate=2017-02-05}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.7x7.com/artist-ramekon-oarwisters-makes-crochet-cool-again-with-social-justice-2132343853.html|publisher=7x7.com|title=Artist Ramekon O'Arwisters Makes Crochet Cool Again With Social Justice-Themed Quilting Parties - 7x7 Bay Area|accessdate=2017-02-05}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.artpractical.com/review/reopening-san-francisco-arts-commission-gallery/|publisher=artpractical.com|title=Reopening: San Francisco Arts Commission Gallery {{pipe}} Art Practical|accessdate=2017-02-05}} * {{Cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/artadias-15th-birthday-adventure-in-nyc-130727|publisher=news.artnet.com|title=news.artnet.com/market/artadias-15th-birthday-adventure-in-nyc-130727|accessdate=2017-02-05}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.pitch.com/arts-entertainment/article/20563454/danny-orendorffs-last-charlotte-street-show-favors-text-over-texture|publisher=pitch.com|title=Danny Orendorff's last Charlotte Street show favors text over texture|accessdate=2017-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205183104/http://www.pitch.com/arts-entertainment/article/20563454/danny-orendorffs-last-charlotte-street-show-favors-text-over-texture|archive-date=2017-02-05|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|url=http://crochetjam.com/home.html|publisher=crochetjam.com|title=CROCHET JAM|accessdate=2017-02-05}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 43lz9eilry0v5377ylzre0me4dpftbx 0 15953 728285 723283 2026-09-26T18:50:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Philip_Simmons_Egret_Gate.JPG|thumb|Otu n'ime ọrụ Simmons kacha see foto bụ Egret Gate na 2 St. Michael's Alley na Charleston, South Carolina.]] '''Philip Simmons''' (ubochí itoolu n'ọnwa Juun, 1912 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Juun, 2009) bụ ónyé America na-arụ ọrụ áká na onye na-akpụ ihe na-ahụ màkà ọrụ ígwè. Simmons nọrọ afọ iri asaá na asatọ dị ka ónyé na-akpụ ihe, na-elekwasị anya n'ọrụ ígwè ịchọ mma.<ref name="pc">{{Cite news|first=Robert|author=Behre|title=Artist in iron dies|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-06-10-voa34.cfm|work=[[The Post and Courier]]|date=June 23, 2009|accessdate=2009-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610175143/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-06-10-voa34.cfm|archive-date=2009-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbè ọ malitere ọrụ ya, ndị na-akpụ ihe na Charleston mere ihe ndị dị mfe, ihe ndị dị n'ụlọ kwa ụbọchị, dị ka akpụkpọ ịnyịnya.<ref name="pc" /> Ka ọ na-erule ógè ọ lara ezumike nká afọ iri asaa na asaa ka e mesịrị, a na-ewere ọrụ ahụ dị ka ụdị nka kama ịbụ ọrụ bara uru.<ref name="pc" /> Enwere ike ịhụ ihe atụ nke ọrụ Simmons, gụnyere ọnụ ụzọ ámá ígwè, n'ọbọdọ Charleston, South Carolina, yana mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke South Carolina Lowcountry.<ref name="pc"/> A na-egosipụta ihe osise ya na Smithsonian Museum, South Carolina State Museum, Paris, France, na China.<ref name="pc" /> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Philip Simmons n'ubochí itoolu n'ọnwa Juun, 1912, na Daniel Island, [[Nleda anyanwu Kàròlina|South Carolina]].<ref name="wcbd">{{Cite news|title=Charleston blacksmith Philip Simmons dies at age 97|url=http://www.counton2.com/cbd/news/local/article/charleston_blacksmith_philip_simmons_dies_at_age_97/35627/|work=[[WCBD]]|date=June 23, 2009|accessdate=2009-07-13|archive-date=2009-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628173344/http://www.counton2.com/cbd/news/local/article/charleston_blacksmith_philip_simmons_dies_at_age_97/35627/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ nné na nnà ya zụlitere ya, tupu e zigara ya Charleston na 1920 ka ya na nné ya biri mgbè ọ dị afọ asatọ.<ref name="pc"/><ref name="wcbd" /> Simmons biri na Vernon Street ma banye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na Buist Elementary School, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Buist Academy.<ref name="wcbd" /> Ka ógè na-aga na ndụ ya, Simmons ga-emepụta ma mepụta ogidi ígwè nke guzo ugbu a n'elu ọnụ ụzọ mbata ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref name="pc" /> Simmons malitere inwe mmasị na ndị ọrụ aka bi n'ógbè ya, n'oge na-adịghịkwa ányá ọ malitere ileta ụlọ ọrụ dị ichè ichè dị nso n'ụlọ ya. Karịsịa, Simmons malitere inwe mmasị na ónyé na-arụ ọrụ na Charlotte Street nke Peter Simmons na-achị, onye na-enweghị njikọ Philip.<ref name="pc"/> Philip Simmons hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ n'oge na-adịghị ányá wee malite [[Apprenticeship|mmụta]] na Peter Simmons, ónyé bụbu ohu, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na àtó.<ref name="pc" /> Ọ ghọrọ onye na-akpụ ihe zuru oke mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, mgbè ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ afọ ise.<ref name="pc" /> E mepụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ya n'ụlọ ya na Blake Street. === Nkwado === John Michael Vlach, ónyé édémédé na prọfesọ nke ọmụmụ America na Mahadum George Washington, dèrè akụkọ ndụ Simmons na ọrụ ya n'akwụkwọ 1981 akpọrọ ''Charleston Blacksmith'': The Work of Philips Simmons .<ref>{{Cite book|author=Vlach|first=John Michael|year=1981|title=Charleston Blacksmith: The Work of Philips Simmons|url=https://archive.org/details/charlestonblacks0000vlac|location=Athens, GA|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=9780820305332|oclc=6379133}}</ref> E wepụtara akwụkwọ ahụ ọzọ dị ka mbipụta nke abụọ, nke emelitere afọ iri na otu ka e mesịrị.<ref name="pc"/> N'otu édémédé dị íchè a kpọrọ, "The Buildings of Charleston," Vlach mechara dee banyere ọrụ Simmons, "Na mbido ọrụ ya ọ natara iwu; ugbu a ọ na-enye ha...N'etiti azụmahịa oge ya na ọbụna mgbe ọ na-echekwa ọdịdị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Charleston, ọ ka bụ nwoke nke ya. Ọ chọtara ngosipụta onwé ya na óménàlà ọbọdọ. "<ref name="pc" /> National Endowment for the Arts nyere Simmons National Heritage Fellowship na 1982. N'oge okwu nnabata ya n'ememe ahụ, nke Simmons nyere mgbè otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri gasịrị, Simmons kwuru, "Ngwá ọrụ m bụ anvil. Echere m na ụfọdụ n'ime unu anụla m ka m na-akpọ ... otu egwu na anvil, egwu ochie nke ónyé na-akpụ ihe. ... Enwere m obi ụtọ màkà ihe mgbochi ahụ, obi dị m ezigbo ụtọ. ... Anvil ahụ nyere m nri mgbè agụụ na-agụ m, anvil ahụ na-eyi m uwe mgbè m gba ọtọ. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ahụ na-etinye akpụkpọ ụkwụ n'ụkwụ m".<ref name="pc"/> == Ndụ o mesịrị == Simmons si n'ụlọ ya kwaga Bishop Gadsden Retirement Community na Charleston n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2008.<ref name="wcbd"/> Ọ nwụrụ n'ebe ahụ na June 22, 2009, n'elekere itoolu nke ehihie mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na asaá.<ref name="wcbd" /> == Ònyínyé na nsọpụrụ == Simmons bụ ónyé natara National Heritage Fellowship nkè 1982 nkè National Endowment for the Arts nyèrè, nke bụ nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke gọọmentị United States na nka ọdịnala na ọdịnala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/heritage/year/1982|title=NEA National Heritage Fellowships 1982|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=www.arts.gov|publisher=National Endowment for the Arts|accessdate=November 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929133224/https://www.arts.gov/honors/heritage/year/1982|archivedate=September 29, 2020}}</ref> Mmekọrịta nke afọ ahụ bụ nke mbụ NEA nyere. N'ubochí irí àtó nà otu n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, 1994, a nabatara ya na South Carolina Hall of Fame.<ref name="wcbd"/> Gọvanọ South Carolina David Beasley nyèrè Order of the Palmetto, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke steeti ahụ, na Simmons na 1998.<ref name="wcbd"/> E mechara nye ya ònyínyé Elizabeth O'Neill Verner Governor's Award maka "Lifetime Achievement in the Arts" na Mee afọ 2001.<ref name="wcbd" /> Ndị omeiwu South Carolina kwanyeere ya ugwu màkà ọrụ ya.<ref name="wcbd" /> === Ndepụta nke ònyínyé === * 1982, National Endowment for the Arts, National Heritage Fellowship * 1982, Lifetime Achievement Award, South Carolina General Assembly maka "ihe omume ndụ" na ọrụ maka ihe ọkpụkpụ ọha na eze site na South Carolina State Museum na obodo Charleston * 1994, South Carolina Hall of Fame, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina * 1998, Order of the Palmetto, ihe nrite kachasị elu nke ndị nkịtị nyere na South Carolina, site n'aka Gọvanọ David Beasley * 2001, Elizabeth O'Neill Verner Gọvanọ Award maka "Lifetime Achievement in the Arts" == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081005131532/http://www.nea.gov///honors/heritage/fellows/fellow.php?id=1982_14 Onyinye Mba maka Nkà Mmụta Ndụ] * [http://www.charlestoncvb.com/visitors/charleston-news/_iron_man_of_charleston__philip_simmons_designs_trophy_for_ginn_tribute-733 Ndepụta sitere na Charleston Area Convention & Visitor Bureau] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210613181917/http://dfpro.com/Documentary.htm David Flander Productions] * [http://lcdl.library.cofc.edu/content/philip-simmons-collection Nchịkọta Philip Simmons] na Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture a9eqvpyrl0p2n8lki0x6icqut6j2g0f 0 16010 728351 632541 2026-09-27T00:08:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Saad Lamjarred''' (Arabic; a mụrụ n'April 7, 1985) bụ onye na-agụ egwú pop na onye na-ede egwú na mba Morocco, onye na-egwu ọtụtụ ngwá egwu, onye na'agba egwu, onye mmepụta ndekọ na [[Actor|onye na'eme ihe nkiri]]. Ọ tolitere n'ezinụlọ na-ese ihe ma bụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe egwu ya mebiri ndekọ ndị na-ege ntị YouTube, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na pop Arabic, na onye na-agụ egwu mbụ iji mee ka pop Moroccan bụrụ ihe a ma ama. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Lamjarred nye Bachir Abdou, onye na-agụ egwú oge ochie nke Morocco, na Nezha Regragui, onye na'eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe ọchị.<ref name="national-ae">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-life/music/saad-lamjarred-finds-success-in-simplicity|title=Saad Lamjarred finds success in simplicity|work=The National|accessdate=May 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501092239/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-life/music/saad-lamjarred-finds-success-in-simplicity|archive-date=May 1, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Site na nwata, Lamjarred nwere mmasị pụrụ iche n'ịkpọ piano, yana ịbụ abụ mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. Lamjarred wee gaa n'ihu na-amụ na Conservatory of Music na Rabat, ebe ọ gụrụ egwu, nkà na ịgba egwu. Ọ ga-eme ọtụtụ mmepụta ebe ya na nna ya ga-arụkọ ọrụ. Lamjarred kwagara US n'afọ 2001 ma kwuo nke a dịka otu n'ime isi ihe na-akpali akpali maka egwu ya, na-eto ahụmịhe maka ikpughe ya na egwu ọdịda anyanwụ ma nwee mmetụta doro anya na ụdị ya na ụdị onye na-ese ihe ọ chọrọ ịkọwa dịka.<ref name="national-ae"/> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2007, Lamjarred sonyere na ''Super Star'', ihe ngosi TV Arab a ma ama, ma bụrụ onye nke abụọ na oge nke anọ nke usoro nke onye mba Tunisia Marwan Ali meriri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2014/09/15/Life-through-sunglasses-The-career-of-Moroccan-pop-star-Saad-Lamjarred.html|title=The career of Moroccan pop star – Saad Lamjarred|work=Al-Arabiya|accessdate=May 3, 2016}}</ref> Ntinye aka ya mere ka a mara ya. N'afọ 2011, Lamjarred malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya, na-eme ihe nkiri nwoke na ''Ahlam Nassim'', ihe nkiri ncha Moroccan. O weputara abọm n'afọ 2013, nke akpọrọ ''Wala Aalik'' . N'otu afọ ahụ, o wepụtara EP abụọ ọzọ, ya bụ ''Salina'' na ''Enty''. Egwú aha nke ikpeazụ, "Enty" (Arabic: ), ghọrọ otu n'ime egwu kachasị egwu Lamjarred ma mee ka o nweta ihe nrite na Méditel Morocco Music Awards nke afọ 2014, yana nhọpụta maka Best Middle East Act na 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hitradio.ma/news/decouvre-les-nomines-au-meditel-morocco-music-awar.html|title=Découvre les gagnants au Méditel Morocco Music Awards #MMMA 2014 avec HIT RADIO|work=HIT RADIO|accessdate=May 3, 2016|archivedate=November 25, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125121246/http://www.hitradio.ma/news/decouvre-les-nomines-au-meditel-morocco-music-awar.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/enty-mw0002646493|title=ENTY – Saad Lamjarred {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=May 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26878477|title=#BBCtrending: Why it's tough being a groupie in Kuwait|work=BBC News|accessdate=May 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/music/mohammed-assaf-wins-best-middle-east-act-at-the-mtv-european-music-awards|title=Mohammed Assaf wins Best Middle East Act at the MTV European Music Awards|work=The National|accessdate=May 3, 2016}}</ref> A họpụtakwara Lamjarred maka Best Middle East Act na 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards .<ref name="auto"/> O meriri Murex d'Or na ngalaba nke "Best Arabic Song" maka egwu afọ 2014 ya "Enty". Vidio egwu maka egwu egwu Lamjarred nke afọ 2015, "Lm3allem" (Arabic), nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma Guinness World Record mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nde mmadụ 856 na YouTube n'ime ọnwa atọ a tọhapụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2015/05/159460/saad-lamjarred-new-song-earns-guinness-world-record-achievement/|title=Saad Lamjarred New Song Earns Guinness World Record Achievement|date=May 27, 2015|work=Morocco World News|accessdate=May 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Singer who hit it big after fleeing rape charge in US sued by accuser|url=https://nypost.com/2016/05/18/singer-who-hit-it-big-after-fleeing-rape-charge-in-us-sued-by-accuser/|work=[[New York Post]]}}</ref> Otu af mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Lamjarred wepụtara egwu ọzọ akpọrọ "Ana Machi Sahel" (Arabic), nke ọ sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya na vidiyo egwu ojii na-acha ọcha wepụtara na YouTube nke gosipụtara ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado Lamjarred, ndị na-ese onwe ha na-abụ abụ ahụ n'ụlọ, n'ụgbọala ha na n'èzí na n'elu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/saad-lamjarreds-parents-fans-feature-his-new-music-video-861890|title=Saad Lamjarred's parents, fans feature in his new music video!|date=July 13, 2016|publisher=Albawaba}}</ref> Lamjarred echeghị ogologo oge iji wepụta egwu ọzọ aha ya bụ "Ghaltana" (Arabic) n'ụdị vidiyo nke Amr Rouani duziri. Vidio ahụ dọtara anya n'ihi Wild West ya, mmetụta siri ike, nke sitere n'ịhụnanya Rouani nwere n'oge ọ bụ nwata maka ihe nkiri <nowiki><i id="mwSA">Mad Max</i></nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisonlake/2018/06/05/singer-lamjarred-exports-moroccan-dialect-to-arab-world/|title=Singer Lamjarred Exports Moroccan Dialect to Arab World|first=Alison|author=Lake|work=Forbes}}</ref> N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma a, mmepụta egwu Lamjarred were obere oghere mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ ikpe na Paris maka "mmekọahụ", mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ laghachiri na nlọghachi ya n'August afọ 2017 nke akpọrọ "Let Go".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2016/10/199920/moroccan-singer-saad-lamjarred-arrested-in-paris-for-sexual-assault/|title=Moroccan Singer Saad Lamjarred Arrested in Paris for 'Sexual Assault'|publisher=Morocco World News}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe a na-ewu ewu ozugbo, ọ nwetara ihe dịka ọkara nde mmadụ na YouTube n'ime otu awa mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/entertainment/2017/08/09/Moroccan-singer-Saad-Lamjarred-releases-new-song-upon-leaving-prison.html|title=Morrocan star Lamjarred releases new song after serving prison time for rape|work=Al-Arabiya}}</ref> Lamjarred mechara wepụta egwu ọhụrụ dịka "Ghazali" (Arabic: غزالي), nnukwu egwu ọzọ nke nwetara ihe karịrị ọkara nde mmadụ naanị nkeji mgbe vidiyo ahụ gara ndụ na nkezi nke puku mmadụ iri ise na nkeji ise ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lamjarred|first=Saad|title=AlArabiya 'Ghazali' report|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/entertainment/2018/03/10/New-Moroccan-Saad-Lamjarred-song-channels-Michael-Jackson-spirit-.html|work=Al-Arabiya|accessdate=December 11, 2018}}</ref> "Ghazali" wee nọchie "Casablanca", nke Lamjarred na-abụ abụ na olu French.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Saad|author=Lamjarred|title=MWN 'Ghazali' report|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/08/251540/saad-lamjarred-releases-french-single-casablanca/|publisher=Morocco World News|accessdate=December 11, 2018}}</ref> Ọgọstụ afọ 2018 hụrụ Lamjarred ka a tụrụ mkpọrọ ọzọ na Saint Tropez, na-akwụsị ọrụ egwu ya ọzọ ruo n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, ebe ọ wepụtara egwu ọzọ, nke akpọrọ "Baddek Eih" (Arabic). N'ime awa 4 nke mbipụta, vidiyo egwu ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị otu nde nlele na YouTube. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2019, Lamjarred rụrụ ma wepụta duet ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ijipt na onye na'agụ egwu ibe ya bụ Mohamed Ramadan nke akpọrọ "Ensay" (Arabic: ), nke nwetara ihe karịrị 100 nde mmadụ n'ime otu ọnwa e bipụtara ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/73095/Ramadan-Lamjarred%E2%80%99s-Ensay-tops-YouTube-videos|title=Ramadan, Lamjarred's 'Ensay' tops YouTube videos|work=Egypt Today|first=Mustafa|author=Marie|date=July 22, 2019|accessdate=September 27, 2019}}</ref> Na June 10, 2020, Lamjarred ruru nde mmadụ iri debanyere aha na ọwa YouTube ya, wee bụrụ onye na-agụ egwu Arab Africa mbụ nwetara Diamond Button. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2022, egwu egwu ya nke afọ 2015 bụ "Lm3allem" ghọrọ egwu Arabic mbụ gafere otu ijeri nlele na YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web|author=News|first=Oumaima Latrech-Morocco World|title=Lamjarred’s “Lmaallem” Becomes 1st Arab Song to Hit One Billion Views|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/05/349190/lamjarreds-ldquo-lmaallem-rdquo-becomes-1st-arab-song-to-hit-one-billion-views|accessdate=2022-05-20|work=Morocco World News|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Lamjarred na-ebi ndụ ịhụnanya nke onwe ya, mana e nwere asịrị na ọ lụburu di ma ọ bụ nwunye, ma gbaa alụkwaghịm n'ihe dị ka afọ 2015. Mgbe ndị mgbasa ozi jụrụ ya banyere ya, ọ boro ekworo, na-azọrọ na ọ nwere ike "mebie ndụ n'ezie", ọkachasị ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ntụrụndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saad Lamjarred Talks About Divorce|url=https://www.arabiaweddings.com/news/saad-lamjarred-talks-about-divorce|work=Arabia Weddings|accessdate=January 7, 2019|archivedate=May 16, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516103326/https://www.arabiaweddings.com/news/saad-lamjarred-talks-about-divorce}}</ref> == Ndekọ Egwu == === Abọm === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" |Isiokwu na nkọwa ! scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- ! scope="row" |Wala Aalik (ولا dom) * Ụdị: Album * E wepụtara ya: 2013 |   |} === Ndị o tiri naanị ha === * 2009: "Waadini" (واعديني) * 2012: "Salina Salina" (سلينا سلينا) * 2014: "Enty" (أنتي) * 2015: "Lm3allem" (لمعلم) * 2016: "Ana Machi Sahel" (أنا ماشي ساهل) * 2016: "Ghaltana" (غلطانة) * 2017: "Ka anyị gaa" * 2018: "Ghazali" (غزالي) * 2018: "Ya Allah" (يا الله) * 2018: "Casablanca" * 2018: "Baddek Eih" (بدك ايه) * 2019: "Njibek" (نجيبك) * 2019: "Ykhalik Lili" (يخلي للي) * 2019: "Salam" (سلام) * 2019: "Daba Tzian" (دابا تزيان) * 2020: "Adda Elkalam" (عدى الكلام) * 2021: "Lghadi Wehdou" (الغادي وحدو) * 2021: "Nadi Ya Allah" (نادي يا الله) * 2022: "Ya Ayouni" (يا عيوني) * 2022: "Altawbah" (التوبة) * 2022: "Ma Ahla Lmakan" (ما أحلى المكان) === Abụọ === * 2012: "Aziz W Ghali" (عزيز وغالي) Bachir Abdou * 2012: "Sa'aa Saaida" (ساعة سعيدة) Sofia Mountassir * 2014: "Wana Ma'ak" (وأنا معاك) (n'ihi na ọ bụ n'ihi na a na-eme ya. Asma Lamnawar * 2014: "Ya Ensan" (يا إنسان) ̊ feat. Salah Alkurdi * 2019: "Ensay" (إنساي) bụ ihe a na-eme. Mohamed Ramadan * 2020: "Asef Habibi" (آسف حبيبي) bụ ihe a na-eme. Ebe Obibi * 2020: "Chidde W Betzul" (شدت وبتزول) Salah Kurdi * 2020: "Bab Alrajaa" (باب الرجاء) ̊ feat. Mohamed Reda * 2021: "Lewjah Tani" (لوجه التاني) bụ ihe. Zouhair Bahaoui * 2021: "Sahra Sabahi" (السهرة صباحي) [[RedOne]] na [[Saber Rebaï]] * 2021: "Enty Hayaty" (انتي حياتي) Nsogbu * 2022: "Min Awel Dekika" (من أول دقيقة) Elissa == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Onyinye !Ụdị !Ọrụ a họpụtara !Nsonaazụ |- |2014 |''MTV Europe Music Award'' |Abụ Kasị Mma |''N'oge a''|| {{Won}} |- |2014 |'' Ihe nrite egwu Morocco'' |Abụ Kasị Mma |''N'oge a''|| {{Won}} |- |2015 |''Murex ọlaedo'' |Abụ Arabic Kasị Mma |''N'oge a''|| {{Won}} |- |2015 |''Ihe nrite DearGuest'' |Abụ Kasị Mma |''Lm3 German''|| {{Won}} |- |2016 |''Murex ọlaedo'' |Onye Na-abụ Abụ Nwoke Kasị Mma |''Saad Lamjarred''|| {{Won}} |- |2016 |''Big Apple Music Awards'' |Onye Na-abụ Abụ Nwoke Kasị Mma |''Saad Lamjarred''|| {{Won}} |- |2016 |''MTV Africa Music Awards'' |Nhọrọ Onye Na-ege ntị |''Saad Lamjarred''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Anghami'' |Ihe karịrị 100 nde egwuregwu |''Saad Lamjarred''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Ihe nrite egwu Arab Nation '' |Abụ Moroccan Kasị Mma |''Ghaltana''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Ihe nrite egwu Arab Nation '' |Vidio Egwú Kasị Mma na YouTube |''Ana Machi Sahel''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Ihe nrite egwu Arab Nation '' |Abụ Arabic Kasị Mma |''Ghaltana''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Murex ọlaedo'' |Abụ Arabic Kasị Mma |''Ghaltana''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Murex ọlaedo'' |Ihe nrite Nhọrọ Ndị Mmadụ |''Saad Lamjarred''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''daf BAMA Music Awards'' |Abụ Kasị Mma |''Ka anyị gaa''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Ihe nrite egwu HAPA'' |Onye na-ese ihe kacha mma n'Afrịka |''Saad Lamjarred''|| {{Won}} |- |2017 |''Ihe nrite egwu Morocco'' |Vidio Egwú Kasị Mma |''Ka anyị gaa''|| {{Won}} |- |2018 |''Africa Music Awards'' |Onye Kasị Mma Nwoke Na-eme Ihe nkiri n'Ebe Ugwu |''Saad Lamjarred''|| {{Won}} |- |2018 |''Ihe nrite egwu Arab Nation'' |Onye na-abụ abụ kacha mma na North Africa |''Ka anyị gaa''|| {{Won}} |} == Edemsibịa == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cszosvl63851k2z8o8l503qqv33s49g 0 16118 728357 93656 2026-09-27T00:42:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:سلمى رشيد (cropped) (2).jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Salma Rachid''' (Arabic: Moroccan pronunciation: ; a mụrụ n'abalị 13 ọnwa June afọ 1994) bụ onye na-agụ egwú pop nke Morocco nke nwetara aha ọma mgbe ọ dị afọ 18 mgbe ọ sonyere na oge nke abụọ nke Arab Idol, nke a na-agbasa na MBC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab-idol-s2/contestants/profiles/articles/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF.html|title=سلمى رشيد|work=MBC|language=Arabic|date=21 April 2013|accessdate=16 December 2017}}</ref> Onye kachasị nta na-asọmpi, ọ nwetara ọnọdụ nke ise ma too ya maka ike olu ya, ikike ya ịmara ụdị dị iche iche, na ikike ya.<ref>.[https://web.archive.org/web/20170627185049/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/girls-give-stellar-performance-on-an-exciting-arab-idol-episode girls give stellar performance on an exciting arab idol episode]</ref> Ndị na-akwado ya kpọrọ ya ''El Sultana'' ma were Umm Kulthum dịka otu n'ime isi ihe na-akpali ya. == Mmalite ndụ == Ezinụlọ ya sitere na oasis nke Tafilalt, mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Morocco, a mụrụ Salma ma zụlite ya na agbata obi Hay Mohammedi, na mpaghara Ain Sebaa-Hay Mohammedi nke Casablanca, [[Morocco]]. Salma nwere mmasị na egwu, eserese na ejiji site na nwata. Ọ gwara MBC n'oge a na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ na-ezuru uwe n'aka ezinụlọ ya, na-ekewa ha ma na-akwa ha akwa iji mepụta uwe ọhụrụ. O kwukwara n'otu ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ụgbọala kụọ ya mgbe ọ dị obere, mana ezigbo enyi ya zọpụtara ya, na-efunahụ ndụ ya. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'ọnwa June afọ 2012, nweta baccalauréat ya wee banye na mahadum ebe ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na akụ na ụba. == Ntinye aka na Arab Idol == Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, Salma kpebiri iji ohere mee ''ihe'' ma nyochaa maka oge nke abụọ nke Arab Idol . A na-eme nnwale Moroccan na Casablanca, Salma wee bụrụ "Ya Moniyati", abụ Yemen nke na-ewu ewu n'ógbè Gulf Persian niile, n'ihu ndị ọka ikpe nke ndị Arab superstars Ragheb Alama, Ahlam, Nancy Ajram na onye na-emepụta ihe n'Ijipt Hassan El Shafei. Ha niile nabatara Salma wee gbaa ụgbọelu gaa Beirut, [[Lebanon]], iji chụsoo usoro nhazi ahụ. Ọ rụrụ "El Ward Gamil" site na Umm Kulthum ya na ndị asọmpi ise ndị ọzọ, karịa ka ọ rụrụ "Awal Marra" nke Abdelhalim Hafez ma jisie ike họrọ ya n'etiti ndị ikpeazụ 27 ga-asọ mpi ịbanye n'ọkwa ikpeazụ. N'oge mbụ, ọ rụrụ "Zaman El Samt" nke Talal Maddah, mana ọbụlagodi na ndị ọka ikpe kwenyesiri ike na olu ya mara mma ma dị ike, a na-ekpe ntụgharị ya ikpe dị oke egwu. Ahlam ka kwuru na ọ bụrụ na ọ lekwasị anya karịa ma ghara iwere onwe ya n'egwuregwu ya, ọ ga-emebi ụwa ndị Arab (dịka ọ bụ mmetụta egwu ọhụrụ nke Arabic). N'ụzọ dị mwute, Salma enwetaghị votu zuru ezu, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị asọmpi asatọ ndị ọka ikpe họọrọ iji rụọ ọrụ iji nweta otu n'etiti 4 wildcards. Ragheb Alama họọrọ ya ma mee "Ya Msaharni" nke Umm Kulthum maka ndụ. E mechara zọpụta ya na onye na-asọmpi Bahraini bụ Hanane Reda, nke mere ka o nwee ike ịbụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ iri na atọ. Salma kụrụ egwu dị iche iche n'oge asọmpi ahụ, site na ndị na-agụ egwú dịka Sabah, Umm Kulthum, Mayada El Henawi, na ndị na'agụ egwú ọdịnala dịka Fouad Ghazi ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụ abụ pop Arabic dịka [[Samira Said|Samira]] Said ma ọ bụ Sherine. Ihe dị ịrịba ama banyere ụzọ Salma bụ na ọbụlagodi na ọ nwetaghị vootu zuru ezu na mbido, o jisiri ike nọrọ na mpaghara nchekwa ọtụtụ oge, n'ihi ndị na-akwado ya na-eto eto. Ndị ọka ikpe na ndị na-ege ya ntị toro ya na Fraịdee ọ bụla, ọbụnakwa onye Egypt superstar Mohammed Mounir gwara ya: "Ị nwere ihe dị ụkọ n'ụwa ndị Arab : nnukwu olu nwere nnukwu ikike". Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ si n'egwuregwu egwu Arabic bịakwutere ya bụ ndị toro ya maka olu ya, dịka onye na-agụ egwu Siria Rouwaida Attieh na onye na-ede egwu Lebanọn Salim Assaf (onye dere egwu maka ndị na-agụ egwú dị ka Carole Samaha, Najwa Karam, Ramy Ayach na onye gwara ya na ọ ga-edetara ya abụ) yana ndị dị iche iche si n'ebe Moroccan. == Egwuregwu na Arab Idol == === Egwuregwu n'oge nnwale === * Nchịkọta (Casablanca): "Ya Monyati" nke Abdelmohssen El Mohanad * Casting Beirut (Group audition): "El Ward Gamil" nke Umm Kulthum * Casting Beirut (Nnyocha ikpeazụ): "Awal Marrah" nke Abdelhalim Hafez === Egwuregwu n'oge primes === * Top 27: "Zaman El Samt" nke Talal Maddah * Wildcards Survival Prime: "Ya Msaharni" nke Umm Kulthum * 1st Prime: "Lazraalak Boustan Worood" nke Fouad Ghazi * 2nd Prime: "Aal Bal" nke [[Samira Said|Samira]] Said * 3rd Prime: "Li Sabr Hdoud" nke Umm Kulthum * 4th Prime: "Zay El Aassal" nke Sabah * 5th Prime: "Ana Baash'ak" nke Mayada El Hennawi * 6th Prime: "Kattar Kheiry" nke Sherine * 7th Prime: "Nawaylak Ala Niya" nke Ahlam == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dckcezs7k4txp02lnxc77lp9yaplunz 0 16210 728426 129338 2026-09-27T07:43:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Tongayi Arnold Chirisa''' bụ onye Zimbabwe na-eme ''ihe'' nkiri nke a ''maara'' maka ịpụta Man Friday na usoro telivishọn ''Crusoe'' nke NBC, Nna Nicholas na The Jim Gaffigan Show, na Hekule na [[Leon Schuster|Leon Schuster's]] Mr. Bones 2: Back from the Past movie. Ọ bụkwa onye na-agụ egwú oge ụfọdụ. == Agụmakwụkwọ == Chirisa gara kọleji Lomagundi .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimnewsblog.com/news/chirisa-traces-journey-to-hollywood/|title=Chirisa traces journey to Hollywood|date=2015-08-02|publisher=Zim News Blog|accessdate=2017-10-28|quote=I proceeded to ‘A’ Level (Lomagundi College)|archivedate=2017-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029013220/http://www.zimnewsblog.com/news/chirisa-traces-journey-to-hollywood/}}</ref> Ọ gụkwara maka Bachelor of Arts in Live Performance na AFDA, The School for the Creative Economy .<ref>{{Cite news|author=Quinn|first=Nicola|title=Chirisa gains Hollywood fame|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2015/07/chirisa-gains-hollywood-fame/|accessdate=February 18, 2018|work=[[NewsDay (Zimbabwean newspaper)|NewsDay]]|date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> == Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri == Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke "Detective Trevor Davies" na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Zimbabwe a ma ama ''Studio 263''.<ref>http://www.thezimbabwestandard.com/entertainment/14154.html</ref> Ọ pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, nke a maara nke ọma bụ ''Tanyaradzwa'' n'afọ 2004, nke o ritere ihe nrite Best Actor for Film and Television Award. Ọ pụtakwala na vidiyo egwu ma bụrụ onye na-agụ egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0920869/|title=Tanyaradzwa}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na nkiri redio nke a na-akpọ Mopani Junction nke e wepụrụ n'igwe n'oge ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị na Zimbabwe. A họpụtara ya ma merie ọtụtụ NAMA Awards n'ime afọ ise gara aga. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ bụ onye isi na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị Mr Bones 2: Back from the Past . ''Ọ'' pụtara n'ụzọ dị egwu na obere usoro Rough nke onye nduzi Britain, Andy Wilson, duziri, pụtara na ihe nkiri mba ụwa Skin, nke Anthony Fabian duziri na Sam Neill, ma bụrụ onye ndu na usoro ihe nkiri mpaghara Redemption maka SABC 1. Ọ rụrụ Man Friday na usoro telivishọn mba NBC Crusoe, dabere na akụkọ Robinson ''Crusoe''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbc.com/Crusoe/|title=Crusoe|work=www.nbc.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805080428/http://www.nbc.com/Crusoe/|archivedate=2008-08-05}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na Sleepy Hollow dabere na The Legend of Sleepy Holley nke Washington Irving. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ Nna Nicholas na The Jim Gaffigan Show (afọ 2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvland.com/shows/the-jim-gaffigan-show/bios/tongayi-chirisa|title=Father Nicholas Ngugumbane/Tongayi Charisa|work=TVLand|accessdate=September 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923061723/http://www.tvland.com/shows/the-jim-gaffigan-show/bios/tongayi-chirisa|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |2005 |''Tanyaradzwa'' | | |- |2008 |''Ace nke Obi'' |Tebsane Masa |N'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi |- |2008 |''Zimbabwe'' |Charles | |- |2008 |''Akpụkpọ ahụ'' |Onye ụkọchukwu Obodo | |- |2008 |''Maazị Bones 2: Nlaghachi site n'oge gara aga'' |Hekule | |- |2009 |''Gargoyle'' |Themba |N'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi |- |2011 |''Geezas'' |Sammy Onye Ọnụ | |- |2013 |''Nkwụsị'' |Dee |N'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi |- |2014 |''Nwa nwoke na-eti ihe'' |Olly 'Napalm' Harris |N'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi |- |2016 |''Obi Ụtọ bụ Okwu nwere mkpụrụ akwụkwọ anọ'' |Thomas | |- |2017 |''Zim'' |William Zimunya |N'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi |- |2020 |''Palm Springs'' |Jerry Schlieffen | |- |2020 |''Antebellum'' |Eli Stokes/Pọfesọ | |- |2022 |''Ọpụpụ Ọzọ'' | | |} === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |200809 |''Crusoe'' |Fraịdee |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |2009 |''Diamonds'' |Oba Sewele |Ihe nkiri TV |- |2010 |''Oriakụ Mandela'' |Di na-arụrịta ụka |Ihe nkiri TV |- |2010 |''Nwa nwanne nne Barack Obama'' |Nwa nwanne nne Barack Obama |Obere ihe nkiri TV |- |2011 |''NCIS: Los Angeles'' |Onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ |"Ịghọgbu" |- |2012 |''Akụkọ Egwu America: Ebe Ọgba ọsọ ndụ'' |Ọtụtụ puku |"Nwanne Nwanne Nwanyị" |- |2012 |''H+: Usoro dijitalụ'' |Onye Agha Afrịka |"Anya Afrịka", "Mkpụrụ" |- |2013 |''Ndagwurugwu Na-ehi Ụra'' |Arthur Bernard |"Onye Na-eri Mmehie" |- |2013 |''Gaffigan'' |Nna Nicholas Ngungumbane |Ihe nkiri TV |- |2015 |''Whitney'' |Gary Houston |Ihe nkiri TV |- |201516 |''Ihe ngosi Jim Gaffigan'' |Nna Nicholas |Ọrụ bụ isi |- |2016 |''Ọrụ Mars'' |Neil Cormack |Ihe nkiri TV |- |2017 2019 |''iZombie'' |Justin Bell |Ọrụ a na-eme ugboro ugboro (oge nke 3), onye ọbịa (oge nke 4ā5) |- |2018 |''Hawaii Ise-0'' |Don |"Kopi Wale No I Ka I'a 'Eu No Ka Ilo' |- |2018 |''Akwụkwọ Ndị Nleta'' |Kwame |"2.5" |- |2020 |''Ezigbo Dọkịta'' |Di Kerryś |Onye ọbịa (oge 3 ihe omume 11) |- |2021 |''Ndụ Ọzọ'' |Richard Ncube |Ọrụ a na-eme ugboro ugboro (oge 2) |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Tongai Arnold Chirisa at IMDb [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4za316cet6eqsjqg4wkvh4d55gfuhbd 0 16444 728277 623671 2026-09-26T18:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pauline Konga''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị iri n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1970) bụ [[Kenya|onye Kenya]] na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge lara ezumike nká. Na 1996 Summer Olympics ọ meriri ọlaọcha na mita 5000, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị Kenya mbụ meriri nrite Olympic.<ref name="pathfinders">Post-Gazette, May 6, 2002: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110522142839/http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/other/20020506path0506p6.asp The Pathfinders ]</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1990, ọ gbara nke 125 na 1990 World Cross Country Championships. N'afọ 1991, ọ gara n'ihu ruo na nke iri na ise na 1991 World Cross Country Championships, wee bụrụ onye nke iri na abụọ na 3000 mita na 1991 World Championships. Ọ ghọkwara onye mmeri Kenya na ịgba ọsọ na-agafe mba (ogologo oge).<ref name="ken">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/ken.htm|title=Kenyan Championships|work=GBR Athletics|publisher=Athletics Weekly|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, ọ gbara nke iri itoolu na asọmpi World Cross Country Championship nke afọ 1992, mana ọ gara nke asaa na asọmpi 1993 World Cross Country Championships, merikwara ọla edo na asọmpi otu. Konga sonyere na egwuregwu Olimpik mbụ ya na afọ 1992, na-enweghị ọganihu site na okpomọkụ na mita 3000.<ref name="sref">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ko/pauline-konga-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417175552/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ko/pauline-konga-1.html|archivedate=17 April 2020|title=Pauline Konga|publisher=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 1996 ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri mita 5000 nke Kenya ma mechie nke atọ na 1996 Grand Prix Final.<ref name="ken"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/gp.htm|title=IAAF Grand Prix, Combined Events Challenge and Golden Events:|work=GBR Athletics|publisher=Athletics Weekly|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> N'egwuregwu Olimpik nke afọ 1996 ọ meriri nrite ọlaọcha na mita 5000, na-aghọ nwanyị Kenya mbụ meriri nrọ Olimpik. Ihe kacha mma ya bụ 8:37.76 nkeji na mita 3000, nke o nwetara n'August 1996 na [[Monako|Monaco]]; 14:47.51 nkeji na mita 5000, nke o mere n'August 1997 na Köln; na 1:09:33 awa na ọkara marathon, nke o ruru na Jenụwarị na afo 1996 na Marrakech.<ref>[http://hem.bredband.net/athletics/atb-d09.htm World women's all-time best 3000m] (last updated 2001)</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na Baringo District.<ref name="sref"/> Ọ lụrụ Paul Bitok, onye ritere ihe nrite ọlaọcha na mita 5000 nke ụmụ nwoke na afọ 1996 Olympics.<ref name="pathfinders"/> == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ep8x90ejyqzfvs7vlnscc3s919rq1b5 0 16937 728328 723447 2026-09-26T22:22:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Abbott Sengstacke''' (ọnwa mee afọ 1943 - rụọ ọnwa Maachị 7, afọ 2017), nke a makwaara dị ka '''Bobby Sengstacke''', bụ ''onye'' Afrịka-Amerị́ka na-ese foto n'oge Civil Rights Movement for the [[Chicago]] Defender na Chicago, Illinois. A maara Sengstacke nke ọma maka foto ya a ma ama nke [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]]. na ndị isi ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. Sengstacke ketara ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ezinụlọ Sengstacke.<ref name="obit">{{Cite news|url=https://chicagodefender.com/2017/03/09/prominent-photojournalist-and-former-chicago-defender-editor-robert-a-sengstacke-dies-at-73/|first=Mary L.|author=Datcher|title=Prominent Photojournalist and Former Chicago Defender Editor, Robert A. Sengstacke Dies At 73|publisher=Chicago Defender|date=March 9, 2017|archive-date=August 19, 2017|access-date=June 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819022400/https://chicagodefender.com/2017/03/09/prominent-photojournalist-and-former-chicago-defender-editor-robert-a-sengstacke-dies-at-73/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hpherald">{{Cite news|url=http://hpherald.com/2017/03/22/robert-sengstacke-73-chicago-defender-editor-photographer/|title=Robert A. Sengstacke, 73, Chicago Defender Editor, Photographer|publisher=Hyde Park Herald|date=March 22, 2017|archive-date=March 22, 2017|access-date=June 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322134222/http://hpherald.com/2017/03/22/robert-sengstacke-73-chicago-defender-editor-photographer/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Npco">{{Cite news|url=https://newpittsburghcourieronline.com/2017/03/22/robert-bobby-sengstacke-a-game-changer-forever/|first=Mary L.|author=Datcher|title=Robert 'Bobby' Sengstacke: A game changer forever|publisher=Pittsburgh Courier|date=March 2017|archive-date=2017-08-19|access-date=2022-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819022435/https://newpittsburghcourieronline.com/2017/03/22/robert-bobby-sengstacke-a-game-changer-forever/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi n'afọ 2015, Sengstacke kwagara Hammond, Indiana ebe o biri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa iku ume n'afọ 2017 mgbe ọ dị afọ 73.<ref name="Npco" /> == Akụkọ ndụ == === Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ === A mụrụ ya n'afọ 1943, Robert A. Sengstacke bụ ngwaahịa nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ezinụlọ Sengstacke na Chicago. Ọ bụ nwa John H. Sengstacke na Myrtle Sengstacke.<ref name="nwitimes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/john-sengstacke-chicago-defender-publisher-dies-after/article_a6e8eddb-1775-508f-ba5b-0939fa6e749f.html|title=John Sengstacke, 84, Chicago Defender publisher, dies after|first=Times Staff|author=Report|publisher=|access-date=2022-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121060934/https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/john-sengstacke-chicago-defender-publisher-dies-after/article_a6e8eddb-1775-508f-ba5b-0939fa6e749f.html|archive-date=2025-01-21|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="jetmother">{{Cite news|title=Robert Sengstacke named to oversee $500,000 estate of late mother Myrtle Sengstacke|publisher=Jet|date=March 25, 1991|page=18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LoDAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Robert+A.+Sengstacke%22&pg=PA18}}</ref> Sengstacke biri na Chicago oge ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya.<ref name="obit"/> Maka agụmakwụkwọ elementrị, Sengstacke gara Mahadum nke Chicago Lab School, Manumit School na Bristol, Pennsylvania na Howalton Day School na Chicago. Sengstacke gara Hyde Park High School (nke bụzi Hyde Park Academy High School) ma mesịa gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Central YMCA High Schoon'afọna 1962.<ref>[http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/robert-sengstacke-38 HistoryMakers - Robert Sengstacke]</ref><ref name="manumitschoolbio">{{Cite web|title=Student Biographies: Robert Sengstacke|publisher=Manumit School|url=http://www.manumitschool.com/people/student-biographies/robert-sengstacke|accessdate=2022-06-22|archivedate=2022-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701075951/http://www.manumitschool.com/people/student-biographies/robert-sengstacke}}</ref><ref name="manumitschoolroster">{{Cite web|title=Student Roster|url=http://www.manumitschool.com/people/student-roster|accessdate=2022-06-22|archivedate=2022-06-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622140735/http://www.manumitschool.com/people/student-roster}}</ref> Sengstacke weghaara azụmahịa ezinụlọ ya mgbe e mesịrị na ndụ ya.<ref name="obit" /> === Ọrụ === Sengstacke malitere ịrụ ọrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii na azụmaahịa akwụkwọ akụkọ ezinụlọ ya, na-arụ obere ọrụ. Sengstacke wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ na Los Angeles, California, wee malite ise foto Black sororities na fraternities. Ọ laghachiri Chicago iji sonye na idepụta Black Arts Movement na Civil Rights Movement. Sengstacke gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ Muhammad Speaks, Chicago's Mayor Richard J. Daley, na dị ka onye na-ese foto maka Oscar Brown Jr. Productions. Ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta Memphis Tri-State Defender site n'afọ 1974 ruo afọ 1989. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Sengstacke ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Sengstacke Newspaper na Chicago Defender. === ''Onye na-agbachitere Chicago'' === The Chicago Defender bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ndị Afrịka Amerịka nke e guzobere n'afọ 1905. Ọ bụ Robert Sengstacke Abbott guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Nwa nwanne Abbott, John, bụ nna Sengstacke, ọ bụkwa onye nwe ya tupu ọ nwụọ na ngwụcha afọ iri itoolu. Robert A. Sengstacke ketara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ mgbe nna ya nwụrụ. Sengstacke weere akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu gaa na akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ebipụta kwa ụbọchị na United States.<ref name="obit"/> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bụ olu maka ndị Afrịka Americia gburugburu ebe niile. Ọ gara n'ihu na-achịkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ruo afọ iri isii. Ọ zụkwara akwụkwọ akụkọ dịka, Michigan Chronicle, Tri-State Defender, na New Pittsburgh Couriers. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkwalite Black Culture na ịkwado ikike obodo na akwụkwọ ya. A na-echeta ya maka mmesapụ aka ya nye ndị na-ese foto na-eto eto na mkpebi ya na Ogige obodo ndị Afrịka-Amerịka.<ref name="hpherald"/> N'ime afọ niile ọ na-eduzi akwụkwọ akụkọ ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwalite onye na-agbachitere na onye na-ahụ maka ahịa, ihe omume pụrụ iche na onye na'akpata ego maka Bud Billiken Parade ma ghọọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na - bipụta Memphis Tri-State Defender. Foto ya nke gosipụtara na Defender, dị ka foto nke Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., na-eto nke ọma na mba na mba ụwa. E mechara ree Chicago Defender na ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọ Real Time mana Chicago Defender nọgidere na-enwe ọrụ ebere nke nwa nwanyị Sengstacke bụ Myiti Sengstacke na-achị ugbu a.<ref name="Npco"/> == Ọrụ na ihe ngosi ndị a ma ama == Sengstacke bụ onye nta akụkọ foto. A maara ya nke ọma maka foto ya nke Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., [[Malcolm X]], na Muhammad Ali. O sere Sengstacke Eye Mural na mpaghara dị na Chicago a na-akpọ Bronzeville. Ya na ndị Ojiị ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na Wall of Respect rụkọkwara ọrụ, na-enye aka na ngalaba okpukpe nke mural ma na-edekọ ihe okike ya site na foto ya. O were nnukwu foto nke ndị Afrịka Amerịka na-eme ngagharị iwe n'oge Black Arts Movement na mmegharị ikike obodo. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị a ma ama dị ka Summer in The City na Opportunity Please Knock . Akwukwo ya apụtala n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere ''Ebony'', ''Jet'', Essence, Life, na ''Washington Post''. A hụkwara ọrụ ya na TV na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Spike Lee gosipụtara ụfọdụ foto ya na ihe nkiri ya School Daze, Patti Labelle gosipụtara ihe ngosi ya a ma ama nke Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. na ihe nkiri TV ya Out All Night . Ọrụ ya pụtakwara n'akwụkwọ ndị dị ka: The Dream Lives On:Martin Luther King Jr, African American Art, na The Photography of Martin Luther King Jr. E gosipụtara ọrụ Sengstacke n'ọtụtụ ebe.<ref name="Npco"/> E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na nnukwu ihe ngosi na 1969 na alaka Chicago Loop Public Library. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya ndị egosiri na e nwere ihe dịka, The Wall of Respect: Vestigies, Snards na The Legacy of Black Power. Mgbidi nke nkwanye ùgwù bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama nke ihe ngosi a n'ihi na ọ kpughere foto nke ndị ama ama Afrịka-Amerịka. E gosikwara ọrụ ya na Statue of Liberty, Smithsonian Institution, na Museum of Science and Industry na Chicago.<ref name="Npco" /><ref name="manumitschoolbio"/> == Onwe ya na ọnwụ ya == Sengstacke mụrụ ụmụ isii ma lụọ di ugboro abụọ, nke mbụ bụ Veela Gonzalez onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ anọ; Saief, Myiti, Omhari na Hasani Sengstacke. Sengstacke mechara lụọ Jacquelyn Spencer ma ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Domenic na Jasmine Sengstacke.<ref>[https://obittree.com/obituary/us/illinois/chicago/unity-funeral-parlors-inc/robert-sengstacke/3007539/ ObitTree - Robert Sengstacke - 1943-2017]</ref> Sengstacke na Spencer lụrụ n'oge ọnwụ ya.<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-robert-sengstacke-obituary-20170312-story.html Chicago Tribune - Robert Sengstacke, Chicago Defender photojournalist, dies at 73 - March 12, 2017]</ref> Sengstacke nwụrụ n'ọnwa Maachị 7, afọ 2017, na Hammond, Indiana. Sengstacke na-arịa ọrịa iku ume ogologo oge.<ref name="obit"/> Emere mmeme ncheta ya na Logan Center of Arts na Mahadum Chicago Campus n'obodo ya bụ Chicago.<ref name="memorial">{{Cite news|publisher=Atlanta Daily World|title=Robert Abbott Sengstacke Memorial Services|date=March 2017|url=https://atlantadailyworld.com/2017/03/10/robert-abbott-sengstacke-memorial-services/}}</ref> == Onyinye == Robert A. Sengstacke enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye. Ọ natara onyinye NNPA na 1986-1987 maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Michigan Chronicle ya. Ọ gara n'ihu merie NNPA Award maka akwụkwọ New Pittsburgh Courier ya n'afọ 1995. Ọ nwetakwara onyinye Superior Public Award n'afọ 1977. E nyekwara ya onyinye Cannon 40D na Gordon Parks Award maka idu ndú na ime ihe nkiri, ime multimedia na foto akụkọ. Akwụkwọ Sengstakce meriri John B. Russman Award. E nyere nna ya John H.H Sengstacke ihe nrite Presidential Citizens Medal maka ịmepụta nzukọ African American Newspaper. E nwekwara ihe ncheta Robert S. Abbott nke e mere iji sọpụrụ nwanne nna Sengstacke.<ref name="tsdmemphis">{{Cite web|url=http://tsdmemphis.com/news/2008/mar/26/framing-the-movement/|title=Framing 'the movement'|publisher=Tri-State Defender|date=March 26, 2008|accessdate=June 22, 2022|archivedate=August 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819020429/http://tsdmemphis.com/news/2008/mar/26/framing-the-movement/}}</ref><ref name="manumitschoolbio"/> luog57059ubyot113stlmsx8ygq9md7 0 17247 728408 540934 2026-09-27T05:23:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia Snowden''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1942) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke na-arụ ọrụ na acrylics, mmanụ pastel, na mgbasa ozi ngwakọta iji mepụta ọrụ [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị]] na-egosi "mmetụta nke eserese".<ref>{{Cite web|author=National Gallery of Art|date=August 11, 2020|title=Sylvia Snowden (painter)|url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.39041.html|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=www.nga.gov}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sylvia Snowden: The Feel of Paint|url=https://www.american.edu/cas/museum/2016/the-feel-of-paint.cfm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=American University|language=en}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbè ochie anabatala nka ya n'ihe ngosi, ebe ọtụtụ agbakwunyere ọrụ ya na nchịkọta ha na-adịgide adịgide. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Sylvia Snowden na 1942 na Raleigh, NC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Spotlight: Sylvia Snowden|url=https://nmwa.org/blog/2018/01/21/artist-spotlight-sylvia-snowden/|work=Broad Strokes|date=January 21, 2018|publisher=National Museum of Women in the Arts|accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Snowden gàrà Mahadum Howard ébé ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru David Driskell ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere Bachelor of Arts na nzere Master of Fine Arts. Ọ natara agụmakwụkwọ na Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture na Skow Hegan, Maine ma nwee asambodo site na Le Grande Chaumier na Paris, France. == Ọrụ == Ọ kụziri na Mahadum Howard, Cornell na Yale, jere ozi dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe na-ebi, ónyé na-eme mkparịta ụka, ónyé na'eleta ónyé na-ede ihe, onye nkuzi / onye nkuzi na ónyé nlekọta na mahadum, ụlọ ngosi na ụlọ akwụkwọ nka na United States na mba ofesi. == Ọrụ == O gosipụtara na Corcoran Gallery of Art, Women's Museum, Montclair Art Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art. The Phillips Collection, Heckscher Museum of Art، American University, Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial Museum na National Archives for Black Women's History, na Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art na Kansas City, MO.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc62.htm|title=Mary McLeod Bethune House|publisher=Nps.gov|date=December 5, 1935|accessdate=15 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105012520/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc62.htm|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-16|title=Magnetic Fields: Expanding American Abstraction, 1960s to Today|url=https://www.kemperart.org/exhibitions/magnetic-fields-expanding-american-abstraction-1960s-today|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art|language=en|archivedate=2018-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714222018/https://www.kemperart.org/exhibitions/magnetic-fields-expanding-american-abstraction-1960s-today}}</ref> E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Chile, [[Netherlands]], Ethiopia, [[Ostraliya|Australia]], Bahamas, France, Mexico, Italy na Japan. Ihe ngosi ya nkè afọ 2000 na Corcoran Gallery of Art gosipụtara ọrụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ọnwụ nwá ya nwoke.<ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Sullivan|first=Michael|date=1 September 2000|title=Life and Death and 'Malik'|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2000/08/31/AR2005062901876_pf.html|accessdate=25 April 2022}}</ref> Ọ natala ọtụtụ onyinye gụnyere Lois M. Jones Award for Recognition. Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art natara onyinye site na Andy Warhol Foundation na National Endowment of the Arts iji gosipụta ihe ngosi na nka America a na-akpọ "Magnetic Fields" nke gụnyere ọrụ Sylvia Snowden na ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbè ochie ahụ si kwuo, ihe ngosi a gosipụtara "ihe ngosi US mbụ a raara nye naanị maka mkparịta ụka na akụkọ ihe méré eme nke abstraction site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe na-acha. "<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-05|title=Kemper Museum awarded $50,000 grant from The Andy Warhol Foundation|url=https://www.kemperart.org/news/2017/jan/kemper-museum-awarded-50000-grant-andy-warhol-foundation|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art|language=en|archivedate=2020-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715183554/https://www.kemperart.org/news/2017/jan/kemper-museum-awarded-50000-grant-andy-warhol-foundation}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ == * 2021 Parrasch Heijnen Gallery, Los Angeles, CA, "Sylvia Snowden: Select Works, 1966 - 2020."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sylvia Snowden: Select Works, 1966 - 2020|url=http://www.parraschheijnen.com/exhibitions/sylviasnowden-selectworks|accessdate=25 April 2022|work=Parrasch Heijnen Gallery}}</ref> * 2020 National Gallery Of Art, Washington, D.C., 'Mammie Harrington'. Nchịkọta Evans Tibbs, Harry Cooper. * 2020 Arkansas Arts Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, "Ndị omenkà ise ị kwesịrị ịma. Mkparịta ụka na Melissa Mesinna". * 2020 Gavlak Gallery, Los Angeles, California "Nasty Women", Sarah Gavlak, * 2017 Group Exhibition: "Magnetic Fields: Mgbasawanye American Abstraction, 1960s ruo Taa," Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, MO * 2011 Ngosipụta Ìgwè: "Artistic Reflections", Brentwood Arts Exchange, Brentwood, MD * 2007 Ihe ngosi onwe onye: "Flowers", Parish Gallery, Norman Parish, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] * 2003 Corcoran Gallery of Art, "Black is a Color: African American Art," Susan Bader, Washington, D.C. * 2000 Ihe ngosi onwe onye, "Malik, Farewell 'Till We Meet Again," Jack Cowart, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. * 1997 Ihe ngosi onwe onye, "Ọrụ Sylvia Snowden," Terrance De Vaux, Paradise Island, Nassau, Bahamas. * 1994 Solo Exhibition, "Sylvia Snowden: The Burns Series", Zenith Gallery, Washington, D.C., Margery Goldberg. (Ọgba aghara) * 1992 Ihe ngosi onwe onye, "Sylvia Snowden," The National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, D.C., Angela Adams. (Ọgba aghara) * 1992 Solo Exhibition, "New Abstractions", Emerson Gallery, McLean, Virginia. Alice Thorson (Ọgba aghara) * 1991 National Museum of Women in the Arts, "Ọrụ nke Ịdị iche, Onyinye ahọpụtara na Ụgwọ", Susan Fisher Sterling, Group Exhibition, Washington, D.C. * 1989 Ihe ngosi onwe onye, "Sylvia Snowden/Paintings '89", Ipomal Galerij, Netherlands. * 1985 Solo Exhibition, "Paintings and Works on Paper", Brody's Gallery, Washington, D.C. * 1980 Solo Exhibition, "M Street: Part II", 10th Street Gallery, Washington, D.C. * 1979 Solo Exhibition (N'otu oge) "M Street: Akụkụ nke Mbụ", Zenith Gallery, Washington, D.C. na Howard University, Washington, DC * 1979 "Emerging Artists", Invitational, Group Exhibition, Washington Projects for the Arts, Walter Hopps, Washington, D.C. * 1976 Solo Exhibition, Seymore Center for the Arts, Mahadum Sydney, Sydney, Australia. (Akwụkwọ) * 1975 Solo Exhibition, "Sylvia Snowden: Paintings, Drawing, Collages", Mahadum Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland. * 1972 Solo Exhibition, "Mmanụ site na Sylvia Snowden", Coppin State College, Baltimore, Maryland. * 1971 Solo Exhibition, "Large Oils by Sylvia Snowden", Jonade Gallery, Baltimore, Maryland. * 1970 Solo Exhibition, "Ihe osise ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke Sylvia Snowden; Mahadum Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland. (Ọgba aghara) * 1969 Solo Exhibition, "Painting and Collage by Snowden", Mahadum Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland. (Ọgba aghara) * 1968 Solo Exhibition, "Abstractions by Sylvia Snowden" Mondawmin Center, Baltimore, Maryland. * 1965 Ihe ngosi onwe onye, "Birds of Prey nke Sylvia Snowden," Delaware State College, Dover, Delaware (Brochure) == Akwụkwọ == * ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', Edward Sozanski, "Black Abstraction in Lancaster", Eprel 18, 2004. * The Patriot News, Zachary Lewis, "Black Abstract Artist Showcase Shared Traits", Eprel 4, 2004. * The Washington Post, Jo Ann Lewis, "Prized Possessions," September 3, 2000. * The Washington Post, Weekend, Michael O'Sullivan, "Life and Death and Malik". September 1, 2000. * The Washington Times, Joanna Shaw-Eagle, "Images of Shattered Youth," August 26, 2000. * The Intowner, David Barrows, "A Moving Tribute to a Son," September 2000. * ''The New York Times'', Datebook, "Sylvia: Malik, Farewell 'Til We Meet Again'," September 1, 2000. * National Public Radio, Jacki Lyden, "Weekend nke All Things Considered," September 16, 2000. * WETA, Around Town 1601, "Sylvia Snowden, Ọrụ na Corcoran Gallery of Art," October 12, 2000. * Black Art and Culture in the 20th Century, Richard J. Powell, New York: Thames and Hudson, Inc., 1997. * D.C.Area Artists'97, The Lab School of Washington, Washington, D.C * Night and Day, The Corcoran Museum of Art, "Major African-American Collection Donated to the Corcoran," Samuel Hai, July/August 1996. * ''Jet'', National Report, "Art Dealer Thurlow Tibbs nyere nnukwu nchịkọta nke African-American Art na Corcoran Gallery na DC," Mpịakọta 90, Nke 4, June 20, 1996, Chicago, Illinois. * The Intowner, Art and Artists: Sylvia Snowden," David Barrows, Mpịakọta nke 28, Nke 4, 1996, Washington, D.C. * The Washington Post, Lee Fleming, "Sylvia Snowden na Addison/Ripley Gallery," March 18, 1995. * City Paper, Mike Givliano, "Black and Abstract, " February 22, 1995 * Leslie King-Hammond, na ndị ọzọ, Gumbo Ya-Ya: Anthology of Contemporary African-American Women Artist (New York; MidmarchArts Press, 1995) peeji nke 269270. * The Washington Post, Elizabeth Kastor, "Finding Her Muse In Malik", Eprel 17, 1994, 117th afọ, No. 133. * The Washington Post, Dorothy Gilliam, "Ịchọta Ụzọ Iji kwụsị Oké Ifufe A", July 10, 1993, afọ 116. * Washington Review, Michael Clark, "Sylvia Snowden, National Museum of Women in the Arts; Sylvia Snowden: Abstract Paintings, Zenith Gallery", June/July 1993, Mpịakọta nke iri na itoolu, Nọmba 1. * The Washington Post, Mary McCoy, "Art: Painter Sylvia Snowden's Visceral Expressionism", December 26, 1992, 115th Year. * The Washington Post, Hank Burchard, "Singularly Like Snowden", November 20, 1992, 115th Year. * Eye Wash, George Howell, "Sylvia Snowden", December 1992, Mpịakọta nke 4, Nke 10. * The Washington Post, Mary McCoy, "High-Energy Expressionism", May 30, 1992, 115th afọ, No. 177. * N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị mma ka ị gụọ ''akwụkwọ'' a ka ị mata otú ị ga-esi dee ihe a na-eme ka ị mata ị mata otú ahụ. * American Art, National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Judith Wilson, "Optical Illusions: Images of Miscegenation in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century American Art", Oxford University Press, Summer 1991, Mpịakọta S, No. 3. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * The Washington Post, Michael Welzenbach, "Debut With A Difference", September 22, 1990. * City Paper, Alice Thorson, "Art and Conscience", September 1990, Mpịakọta nke 10, Nke 39. * ''Colorado Daily'', David Alan, "Artist Sylvia Snowden", November 1990, Mpịakọta nke 98, Nke 47. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * New Art Examiner, Alice Thorson, "Sylvia Snowden Engaging Expressionism", October 1988, Mpịakọta 16, Nke 2. * Washington Review, Sheila Rotner, "Sylvia Snowden: Paintings on Paper", June/July 1988, Mpịakọta nke Iri na Anọ, Nke 1. * The Washington Post, Henry Allen, "Acrylic Avalanche", November 14, 1987. * The Washington Times, Alice Thorson, "Agboro Abụọ na Group Show", July 30, 1987. * The Washington Times, Alice Thorson, "Separate But More Than Equal", Jenụwarị 29, 1987. * The Washington Post, Elizabeth Lazarus, "The Experience Exhibited", August 1986. * New Art Examiner, J. W. Mahoney, "Sylvia Snowden", Jenụwarị 1986. * Washington Review, Mary McCoy, "Sylvia Snowden: Painting and Works on Paper", December 1985. * The ''Washington Afro-American'', Charles Farrow, "Curtain Call", March 3, 1979. * The Washington Post, Jo Ann Lewis, "Arts As A Statement", March 3, 1979. * ''The Washington Star'', Benjamin Forgey, "Galleries: High Voltage Intensity in Paintings from the Inner City", Sunday, May 4, 1979. * Honorarium, M Street: Akụkụ nke I. Mahadum Howard, Ngalaba nka, Washington, D.C. * Olu nke America, Arlene Stern, Washington, D.C. * ''Ndị na-ese ihe'' anọ, The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland. * Sylvia Snowden, A Black American Female Painter, University of Sydney Australia Press. * Ntuziaka Resource maka Visual Arts nke Afro-Americans, South Indiana, 1971. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} https://web.archive.org/web/20220706141504/https://sylviasnowden.com/artwork/ == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.sylviasnowden.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sylvia Snowden] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3w7krvnvpq50feyi18lrkyh6awjrfbt 0 17556 728378 638474 2026-09-27T02:11:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shahnez Boushaki''' (Ọktoba 22, 1985, Algiers) bụ onye egwuregwu basketball nke [[Algeria]] nke na-agba bọọlụ Mouloudia Club nke Algiers, Ụlọ ọrụ Club Petroleum Sports Group na otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Algeria.<ref>[https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/afrobasketwomen/2015/player/Shahnez-Boushaki Shahnez BOUSHAKI (ALG)'s profile — Afrobasket Women 2015 — FIBA.basketball]</ref><ref>[https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Shahnez-Boushaki/Algeria/GS-Petroliers-Alger/228958 Shahnez Boushaki Player Profile, GS Petroliers Alger, News, Stats — AfroBasket]</ref><ref>[https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2 Shahnez Boushaki]</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Boushaki gbara egwuregwu oge asatọ maka Mouloudia Club nke Algiers (MCA) kemgbe 2002, wee kpuchie oge izizi ya ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/424110 |title=Djazairess : Basketball/Coupe d’Algérie (Dames): le GS Pétroliers remporte le trophée face à l’OC Alger (73-55) |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104229/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/424110 }}</ref> Ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na GS Pétroliers nke Algerian Women's Basketball Cup na 2010. Boushaki meriri asọmpi basketball nke ụmụ nwanyị Algeria na 2015 ya na ndị otu ya GS Pétroliers bụ ndị meriri ndị ha na ha na-asọmpi Olympic Club nke Algiers na egwuregwu ikpeazụ na akara 73-55.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/179295 |title=Djazairess : Basket-Ball : Coupe D’Algerie Seniors Dames |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091721/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/179295 }}</ref> Ya na ndị otu GS Pétroliers sonyela n'ọtụtụ asọmpi basketball n'ime usoro nke Arab Club Basketball Championship, ya bụ: * "Asọmpi basketball nke ụmụ nwanyị Arab nke 2014" na Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/109326 |title=Djazairess : Le GSP premier qualifié pour les demies |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217092258/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/109326 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/412577 |title=Djazairess : Basket/Championnat arabe (Dames) : le GS Pétroliers premier qualifié pour les demi-finales |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104737/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/412577 }}</ref> * "Asọmpi basketball 3x3 nke ụmụ nwanyị Arab nke 2014" na Sharjah.<ref>[https://play.fiba3x3.com/events/915a56d8-b057-4cfc-bfc9-8bf7a7972fab/teams The Arab Clubs 3x3 Championship For Women]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/448403 |title=Djazairess : Championnat arabe de basket-ball dames (3x3) : le GS Pétroliers remporte le trophée |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091225/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/448403 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/204252 |title=Djazairess : Basket-ball |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091416/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/204252 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/aps/435621 |title=جزايرس : البطولة العربية للأندية لكرة السلة سيدات (3x3): تتويج المجمع البترولي باللقب |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101504/https://www.djazairess.com/aps/435621 }}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == [[File:Logo MCA 1921.png|thumb|Mouloudia Club nke Algiers (MCA)]] Boushaki bụ onye otu egwuregwu basketball nke mba Algeria kemgbe afọ 2010. N'afọ 2017, ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Algeria nke ruru eru maka asọmpi iko FIBA Africa Iko iko bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka.<ref>[https://radioalgerie.dz/news/fr/article/20150420/37727.html Afrobasket 2015 — Eliminatoires (Z1) : les basketteuses algériennes en stage | Radio Algérienne]</ref><ref>[https://afrique444.rssing.com/chan-34688798/article304-live.html ALGERIE : finale de coupe d’Algérie (Dames) GSP — OCA (73-55) : le plein pour les Pétrolières]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/10875 |title=Djazairess : Supporteurs algériens : Arrivée du premier groupe |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222111809/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/10875 }}</ref> === FIBA === O sonye na mmemme mpaghara FIBA Afrika anọ na ọkwa ọkwa: * "2013 FIBA Afrịka Asọmpi maka ụmụnwaanyị" na Mozambique.<ref>[http://www.dknews-dz.com/article/33345-basket-ball-equipe-nationale-dames-les-basketteuses-algeriennes-en-preparation-a-alger.html Sports : Basket-ball / Equipe nationale (dames) : Les basketteuses algériennes en préparation à Alger]</ref><ref>[http://www.newsbasket-beafrika.com/article-afrobasket-2013-les-algeriennes-sont-a-maputo-120149417.html Afrobasket 2013: Les Algériennes sont à Maputo — NEWS BASKET BEAFRIKA]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/428533 |title=Djazairess : Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217102537/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/428533 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/1436223 |title=Djazairess : Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104949/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/1436223 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemidi/1309191302 |title=Djazairess : La sélection algérienne quitte Alger pour Maputo |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217092833/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemidi/1309191302 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/elkhabar/355955 |title=جزايرس : تجديد العهد مع المنافسة القارية بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101443/https://www.djazairess.com/elkhabar/355955 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/alseyassi/15196 |title=جزايرس : بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101453/https://www.djazairess.com/alseyassi/15196 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/algeriapress/12734 |title=جزايرس : المنتخب الجزائري يجدد العهد مع المنافسة القارية بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101445/https://www.djazairess.com/algeriapress/12734 }}</ref> * "2015 FIBA Afrịka Asọmpi maka ụmụnwaanyị" na Cameroon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elwatan.com/archives/sports-archives/le-basket-ball-national-feminin-se-cherche-20-09-2013 |title=Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche {{!}} El Watan |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215111040/https://www.elwatan.com/archives/sports-archives/le-basket-ball-national-feminin-se-cherche-20-09-2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/177836 |title=Djazairess : Basket-ball : éliminatoires de l’Afrobasket-2015 dames |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215110956/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/177836 }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/241620 |title=Djazairess : Les Algériennes en préparation à Alger |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217083829/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/241620 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/421853 |title=Djazairess : Afrobasket-2015 (éliminatoires): les Algériennes visent la qualification |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217090113/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/421853 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.basketmali.com/en/diarra-se-distingue-dans-la-victoire-du-senegal-face-a-lalgerie/ |title=Diarra se distingue dans la victoire du Sénégal face à l’Algérie — BasketMali |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220162447/https://www.basketmali.com/en/diarra-se-distingue-dans-la-victoire-du-senegal-face-a-lalgerie/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africansportsmonthly.com/1/post/2015/09/diarra-stands-out-as-senegal-beat-algeria.html |title=News — African Sports Monthly |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217095619/http://www.africansportsmonthly.com/news/diarra-stands-out-as-senegal-beat-algeria }}</ref> * "2016 Iko iko bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị FIBA Afrịka" na Mozambique.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/259879 |title=Djazairess : Coupe d’Afrique des clubs champions de basket-ball (dames) |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085953/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/259879 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/122699 |title=Djazairess : Mission difficile pour le GS Pétroliers à Maputo |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085544/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/122699 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/449489 |title=Djazairess : Basket/Coupe d’Afrique des clubs champions dames: mission difficile pour le GS Pétroliers à Maputo |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085345/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/449489 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/197681 |title=Djazairess : Les Pétrolières peaufinent leur préparation en Tunisie |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217103156/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/197681 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/coupe-d-afrique-des-clubs-champions-de-4462193-Articles-0-0-1.html Coupe d’Afrique des clubs champions de basket-ball (dames) ALGERIE | vitaminedz]</ref><ref>[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Les+Petrolieres+peaufinent+leur+preparation+en+Tunisie-a0470939408 Les Petrolieres peaufinent leur preparation en Tunisie. — Free Online Library]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/aps/436492 |title=جزايرس : كرة السلة — كأس إفريقيا للأندية البطلة (سيدات): مهمة عسيرة للمجمع البترولي في مابوتو |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101448/https://www.djazairess.com/aps/436492 }}</ref> * "2017 Iko iko bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị FIBA Afrịka" na Angola.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/271023 |title=Djazairess : Le GS Pétroliers vise le dernier carré |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085345/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/271023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lexpression/279525 |title=Djazairess : Les Dames du GSP visent le dernier carré |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085541/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lexpression/279525 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/465217 |title=Djazairess : Basket/Championnat d’Afrique des clubs champions (dames): le GS Pétroliers vise le dernier carré |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217103209/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/465217 }}</ref> === Egwuregwu Afrịka === Ya na ndị otu GS Pétroliers sonyela n'asọmpi basketball dị iche iche n'ime usoro egwuregwu Afrịka, ya bụ: * "Egwuregwu Afrịka 2011" na Mozambique.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wikioes.icu/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2011_All-Africa_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_rosters#_Algeria |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217095438/https://wikioes.icu/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2011_All-Africa_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_rosters#_Algeria }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/203466 |title=Djazairess : Les basketteuses algériennes à Istanbul |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217083832/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/203466 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/51003 |title=جزايرس : أحمد لوباشرية (المدير الفني الوطني لكرة السلة) ل ''المساء'':‏ |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101408/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/51003 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/50659 |title=جزايرس : المنتخب الوطني النسوي لكرة السلة |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101424/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/50659 }}</ref> * "Egwuregwu Afrịka 2015" na Republic of the Congo.<ref name="auto"/><ref>[http://www.todor66.com/basketball/Africa/Women_AG_2015.html Women Basketball XI Africa Games 2015 Brazzaville (CGO) Wednesday 09.09 — Friday 18.09 — Winner Mali]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/108883 |title=جزايرس : استعدادات مكثفة للبطولة والألعاب الإفريقية |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101504/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/108883 }}</ref> == Nsonaazụ egwuregwu == <center> {| class="wikitable" |+ Nsonaazụ egwuregwu nke Shahnez Boushaki<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html |title=archive.fiba.com: Players |access-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144308/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html |archive-date=2021-04-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | # ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Ihe omume egwuregwu ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Nkewa ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Isi ihe kwa Egwuregwu ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Nghaghachi kwa egwuregwu ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Enyemaka kwa Egwuregwu |- | style="text-align:left; " | 1 | style="text-align:left; " | '''2013 FIBA Afrịka Asọmpi maka ụmụnwaanyị'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/9643/tid/233/_/2013_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html |title=Shahnez Boushaki's profile {{!}} 2013 FIBA Africa Championship for Women {{!}} ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219130717/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/9643/tid/233/_/2013_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/321166 |title=Djazairess : Afrobasket 2013 (dames) : la sélection algérienne quitte Alger pour Maputo |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204170649/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/321166 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 11-й | style="text-align:center;" | 1,4 | style="text-align:center;" | 1,8 | style="text-align:center;" | 0,0 |- | style="text-align:left; " | 2 | style="text-align:left; " | '''2015 FIBA Afrịka Asọmpi maka ụmụnwaanyị'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/11380/tid/233/_/2015_Afrobasket_Women_Final_Round/index.html |title=Shahnez Boushaki's profile {{!}} 2015 Afrobasket Women {{!}} ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220122939/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/11380/tid/233/_/2015_Afrobasket_Women_Final_Round/index.html }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | style="text-align:center;" | 5,1 | style="text-align:center;" | 3,4 | style="text-align:center;" | 2,3 |- | style="text-align:left; " | 3 | style="text-align:left; " | '''2016 Iko iko bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị FIBA Afrịka'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/12764/_/2016_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html |title=Shahnez Boushaki's profile {{!}} 2016 FIBA Africa Champions Cup for Women {{!}} ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM |accessdate=2022-06-28 |archivedate=2022-02-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219103010/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/12764/_/2016_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | style="text-align:center;" | 3,9 | style="text-align:center;" | 1,7 | style="text-align:center;" | 1,0 |- | style="text-align:left; " | 4 | style="text-align:left; " | '''2017 Iko iko bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị FIBA Afrịka'''<ref>https://www.aps.dz/sport/65217-basket-championnat-d-afrique-des-clubs-champions-dames-le-gs-petroliers-vise-le-dernier-carre</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | adịghị adị | style="text-align:center;" | adịghị adị | style="text-align:center;" | adịghị adị | style="text-align:center;" | adịghị adị |- | style="text-align:left; " | | style="text-align:left; " | | style="text-align:left; background-color: pink; " | '''Ngụkọta nkezi kwa mmemme:''' | style="text-align:center; background-color: pink; " | '''3,5''' | style="text-align:center; background-color: pink; " | '''2,3''' | style="text-align:center; background-color: pink; " | '''1,1''' |} </center> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons|Category:Shahnez Boushaki}} * [https://www.facebook.com/shahnez.boushaki Profaịlụ na Facebook] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144308/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html Profaịlụ na FIBA.] * [https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Shahnez-Boushaki/Algeria/GS-Petroliers-Alger/228958?Women=1 Profaịlụ na AfroBasket.] * [https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2 Profaịlụ na FIBA ​​3x3.] {{ÉdéNtạ}} [[Òtù:Algeria]] [[Òtù:Egwuregwu]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyi oso-egwuregwu]] 8wm7u92s7bolbiy7eh3apz8ceacon15 0 17904 728454 719102 2026-09-27T10:10:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:5.27.17 EXT Chinatown - JC 2-2.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Tyler Bryant''', nke a maara nkè ọma dị ka aha egwu ya bụ Velous, bụ onye America na-eti egwu, ónyé '''na-agụ''' egwu, ónyé édémédé egwu, na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ si Kingston, New York. A maara ya nke ọma màkà ide Chris Brown na Drake's "No Guidance" na imepụta egwu egwu [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]] "All Day", nke e nyèrè Gold-certified na US ma mesịa nweta nhọpụta Grammy màkà Best Rap Song.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Musician's Corner: Velous Joins French Montana's Coke Boys|url=http://www.thevocalvixen.com/2014/07/01/musicians-corner-velous-joins-french-montanas-coke-boys%E2%80%8F/|accessdate=March 20, 2015|work=The Vocal Vixen|date=July 1, 2014|archive-date=October 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009082143/http://www.thevocalvixen.com/2014/07/01/musicians-corner-velous-joins-french-montanas-coke-boys/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Kanye+West&ti=All+Day#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|work=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=February 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Grammy.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf|title=Final Grammy nomination list|work=Grammy.com|accessdate=April 24, 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, Velous dere ma mepụta "Flipmode". N'afọ 2017, "Flipmode" ghọrọ otu egwu na Fabolous 'Summertime Shootout 3 ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe ngosi izizi nke Velous.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/08/fabolous-summertime-shootout-3-mixtape-on-the-way/|title=Fabolous' 'Summertime Shootout 3' Mixtape Is on the Way - XXL|work=XXL Mag|accessdate=2017-11-13}}</ref> Mgbe m nụrụ egwu ahụ, ọ bụ ihe na-eme n'ụzọ ọgwụ ọjọọ, yabụ amaara m na m chọrọ ịghọ akụkụ nke abụ ahụ. Chris gbakwunyere aka ya mgbè anyị nọ na njem ọnụ na ndị ọzọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ka Fabolous kwuru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2017/08/fabolous-chris-brown-velous-flipmode-remix/|title=Fabolous and Chris Brown Hop on Velous' 'Flipmode' for the Remix - XXL|work=XXL Mag|accessdate=2017-11-13}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Tyler Bryant na Kingston, New York. Nna ya, ónyé nwụrụ anwụ, bụ onye egwu. Nne ya bụ onye na-agụ egwu. Mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na otu, ọ malitere ịpị rap mgbè ọ nụsịrị egwu [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]] "Through the Wire". Ọ mụtara otú e si akpọ ụbọ, mgbe ahụ piano, wee malite ịkpọ ụbọ akwara mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ. Ọ malitere ịbanye na mmepụta mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/the-break/2013/03/the-break-presents-velous/|work=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]|title=The Break Presents: Velous|date=March 22, 2013|accessdate=March 19, 2015|author=NMB}}</ref> Ọ nọkwa n'òtù jazz na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allhiphop.com/2015/03/04/velous-producer-all-day-kanye-west/|title=Get To Know Velous, The Producer Behind Kanye West's 'All Day'|author=Hudson, Tanay|date=March 4, 2015|work=[[AllHipHop]]|accessdate=March 17, 2015}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Velous chepụtara aha ya mgbe mmadụ gwara ya etu nkà mmepụta ya si dị ebube; áhà ahụ bụ "maravelous" na-ewepu "mar". N'afọ 2011, o wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya, Velocity The Mixtape .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.last.fm/music/Velous/Velocity+The+Mixtape|title=Velocity The Mixtape - Velous - Listen and discover music at Last.fm|accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> Ntọhapụ ahụ nyeere Velous aka inweta nlebara ányà site n'aka Cus Maven, ónyé bịanyere aka na Swanky Music Group. Velous zutere Fabolous site n'aka ónyé na-emepụta Vinylz, ónyé Velous na-arụkọ ọrụ ugboro ugboro n'afọ gárá aga. Vinylz na Velous gara na ụlọ ọrụ Fabolous iji chọpụta ihe ọ na-eme. Velous mechara kpọọ ụfọdụ egwu ya, nke Fabolous nwèrè mmasị na ya. Ha abụọ mechara dekọọ egwu "Gone For The Winter" maka abọm Fab The Young OG Project na 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hiphop-n-more.com/2014/12/exclusive-velous-talks-producing-kanyes-all-day-working-with-fabolous-upcoming-solo-project/|title=Exclusive: Velous Talks Producing Kanye's 'All Day', Working With Fabolous & Upcoming Solo Project|author=Navjosh|date=December 29, 2014|work=HipHop-N-More|accessdate=March 23, 2015}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta == === Ndị na-alụbeghị di === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Aha ya !Afọ !Album |- |Flipmode ft. Ọdịdị dị egwu, Chris Brown |2017 |Otu egwu na-abụghị abọm |- |Ịgbagharị |2017 |Otu egwu na-abụghị abọm |- |Ịda n'ala |2018 |Otu egwu na-abụghị abọm |- |A na-ekpe ikpe elu ft. Ụgbọ Mmiri |2018 |Otu egwu na-abụghị abọm |} === Ihe ndị e ji mara ya === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Aha ya !Afọ !Onye na-ese ihe !Album |- |Igwu Mmiri Ndị Mtorobịa |2014 |DJ Spinking ft Tyga, Jeremih, Velous |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- |Ha gara n'oge oyi<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.whosampled.com/sample/322542/Fabolous-Velous-Gone-for-the-Winter-Nas-Represent/|title=Fabolous feat. Velous's 'Gone for the Winter' - Discover the Sample Source|work=WhoSampled|accessdate=2017-07-26}}</ref> |2014 |Nnukwu ft Nnukwu Nnukwu Nnụnụ |Ọrụ Young OG |- |Akụkụ dị mpako Nigga |2015 |DJ Spinking ft Ty Dolla $ign, Velous | |} [[Usòrò:5.27.17 EXT Chinatown - JC 2-2.jpg|thumb]] == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Ụdị !Ọrụ A họpụtara !Nsonaazụ |- |2015 |Ihe nrite Grammy |Abụ Rap Kasị Mma |Ụbọchị niile (Kanye West)<ref name="Tyler Bryant">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-15|title=Tyler Bryant|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/tyler-bryant/18926|accessdate=2022-01-14|work=GRAMMY.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114033603/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/tyler-bryant/18926|archive-date=2022-01-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> |{{Nom}} |- |2019 |Ihe nrite Grammy |Abụ R&B Kasị Mma |Enweghị nduzi (Chris Brown ft. Drake)<ref name="Tyler Bryant" /> |{{Nom}} |} == Nkọwapụta Nkọwa == Ndepụta egwu dị ka onye na-emepụta ma ọ bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ, ya na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ, na-egosi afọ a tọhapụrụ na aha abọm. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Aha ya !Afọ !Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri !Album !Ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe) |- |Ụlọ ọgwụ ọjọọ |2014 |Chinx, Jadakiss |CR5 | |- |Aka nri<ref name="thefader.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/22/velous-kanye-west-french-montana-interview|title=Meet Velous, The Young Producer Who Has Caught The Ear Of Drake, Kanye, And French Montana|work=The FADER|accessdate=2017-07-26}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |2015 |Drake |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |Vinylz |- |Ụbọchị niile<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2092290/velous-kanye-west-french-montana-all-day/|title=Meet Velous, He Made The Original Beat That Eventually Became Kanye West's 'All Day'|work=MTV News|accessdate=2017-07-26|language=en|archive-date=2016-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021132016/http://www.mtv.com/news/2092290/velous-kanye-west-french-montana-all-day/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Kanye West, Allan Kingdom, Theophilus London, Paul McCartney |{{N/A|Non-album single}} | |- |N'abalị Kasị jụụ n'Eluigwe<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2016/10/18/aston-matthews-coldest-night-in-hell|title=L.A. Is Dark And Hell Is Cold On New A$ton Matthews Track|work=The FADER|accessdate=2017-07-26}}</ref> | rowspan="7" |2016 |Aston Matthews |{{N/A|Non-album single}} | |- |Hapụ Vu<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://2dopeboyz.com/2016/12/09/vinylz-j-cole-deja-vu-bryson-tiller-exchange/|title=So, What's Up With J. Cole's "Deja Vu" & Bryson Tiller's "Exchange" Sounding Alike?|author=Meka|work=2DOPEBOYZ|accessdate=2017-07-26}}</ref> |J Cole |4 Naanị Anya Gị |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- |Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye dị ọcha |Afọ, Lil Wayne | rowspan="2" |Ụbọchị Ọzọ Na Paradaịs |Ben Bilions |- |Ego Na-aga<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://onsmash.com/music/belly-money-go-feat-travis-scott-music-video/|title=Belly and Travi$ Scott Have a Gun Battle In "Money Go" Music Video|work=OnSMASH|accessdate=2017-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref> |Afọ, Travis Scott |Ụdị Dannyboy |- |Ụbọchị M zutere Gị<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2016/11/09/new-music-belly-young-thug-zack-consuela/|title=New Music: Belly feat. Young Thug & Zack – 'Consuela'|work=Rap-Up|accessdate=2017-07-26}}</ref> |Afọ |Inzombia |Ụdị Dannyboy |- |Actin dị iche<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.songlyrics.com/belly/actin-different-lyrics/|title=Actin Different - Belly|work=SongLyrics.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-07-26}}</ref> |Afọ |Inzombia |Cubeatz, DannyboyStyles |- |Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa<ref name="thefader.com" /> |Kanye West, Young Thug, The-Dream |Ndụ Pablo |Kanye West, Mike Dean, Southside, Plain Pat |} == Nkọwapụta nke Abụ == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Aha ya !Afọ !Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri !Album |- |Dị nnọọ ka m bụ |2017 |SpiffTv, Prince Royce, Chris Brown |Ise |- |Enweghị Nduzi |2019 |Chris Brown, Drake |Indigo |- |Onye Muse | rowspan="3" |2020 |Dvsn | rowspan="3" |A Muse n'Obi Ya |- |Ihe a na-amaghị ama |Dvsn |- |Enweghị ntụpọ (Mee ya nke ọma Pt. 3) |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- |Oge Outta |2020 |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |Afọ ncheta |- |Ndị na-achọ naanị ọdịmma onwe ha | rowspan="3" |2021 |Ryan Trey | rowspan="3" |Onye Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa nke 64 |- |Ọ bụ Banyere Nwa agbọghọ |Ryan Trey |- |Mgbanwe nke Atụmatụ |Ryan Trey |- |Alụmdi na Nwunye Na-adịghị Mma |2022 |Onyinye |Nye ma ọ bụ were |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mtt96l6x5yevqqjx27v2aslsi4n61ps 0 17927 728434 643971 2026-09-27T08:27:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chandler Durham''' (amụrụ n'August 9, 1994), nke a maara dị ka '''Turbo''', bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ na ónyé na-ede egwu.<ref name="xxl drip harder credits">{{Cite web|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2018/10/lil-baby-gunna-drip-harder-project-production-credits/|title=Lil Baby and Gunna's 'Drip Harder' Production Credits - XXL|author=Haffenden|first=Dayna|work=XXL Mag|language=en|accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="allmusic credits">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/chandler-durham-mn0003679702|title=Chandler Durham - Credits|work=AllMusic|language=en-us|accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma màkà mmepụta ya na Young Thug, Travis Scott, Gunna, Nav, na Lil Baby. Ọ bụ ónyé isi mepụtara abọm studio mbụ nke Gunna ''Drip ma ọ bụ Drown 2'' ya na ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ Wheezy.<ref name="fader">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/02/22/gunna-drip-or-drown-2-album-stream|title=Hear Gunna's new album Drip or Drown 2|author=Maicki|first=Salvatore|work=The FADER|language=en|accessdate=7 June 2019}}</ref> Abọm ahụ malitere na No. 1 na chaatị ''Billboard'' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums.<ref name="warner">{{Cite web|author=Stassen|first=Murray|title=Hip-hop producer Turbo signs global co-publishing deal with Warner Chappell Music|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/hip-hop-producer-turbo-signs-global-deal-with-warner-chappell-music/|work=Music Business Worldwide|accessdate=14 June 2019|date=13 June 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2017, Turbo mepụtara ọtụtụ egwu na We Want Smoke, abọm nchịkọta nke ndị na-ese ihe bịanyere aka na T.I.'s Grand Hustle Records.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hiphopdx.com/reviews/id.2997/title.review-hustle-gang-keeps-the-familiar-fresh-with-we-want-smoke|title=Review: Hustle Gang Keeps The Familiar Fresh With "We Want Smoke"|date=2017-10-13|work=HipHopDX|accessdate=2019-04-08|archivedate=2019-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408182956/https://hiphopdx.com/reviews/id.2997/title.review-hustle-gang-keeps-the-familiar-fresh-with-we-want-smoke}}</ref> Ọ bụ ónyé isi mepụtara ''Drip Harder'', mixtape jikọrọ aka nke Gunna na Lil Baby wepụtara na 2018, ọ bụkwa ónyé na-emepụta egwu anọ nke mixtape ahụ, gụnyere "Never Recover" na "Close Friends" nke e nyèrè Platinum na "Drip Too Hard" nke e nwetara 3 × Platinum<ref name="never recover riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=LIL+BABY%2C+GUNNA+%26amp%3B+DRAKE&ti=NEVER+RECOVER|title=Gold & Platinum|work=RIAA|accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="close friends riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=close+friends#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum|work=RIAA|accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref>.<ref name="fader drip harder">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/02/19/gunna-drip-or-drown-2-tracklist|title=Gunna's Drip or Drown 2 tracklist is here|author=Hussein|first=Wandera|work=The FADER|language=en|accessdate=8 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="riaa drip too hard">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=drip+too+hard#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum|work=RIAA|accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref> O mepụtara "Slimed In" na album nchịkọta nke Young Thug Slime Language, nke e wepụtara na 2018.<ref name="xxl slime language">{{Cite web|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2018/08/young-thug-slime-language-mixtape-production-credits/|title=Young Thug 'Slime Language' Mixtape Production Credits - XXL|author=Mojica|first=Nick|work=XXL Mag|language=en|accessdate=8 April 2019}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, o mepụtara na mixtape nke atọ nke Gunna Drip Season 3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/02/gunna-drip-season-3-mixtape/|title=Stream Gunna's 'Drip Season 3' Mixtape - XXL|author=II|first=C. Vernon Coleman|work=XXL Mag|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-08}}</ref> O guzobekwara otu mmepụta ihe ndekọ ya, The Playmakers .<ref name="complex">{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/10/how-turbo-guided-the-sound-of-lil-baby-gunna-drip-harder|title=How Atlanta Producer Turbo Shaped Lil Baby and Gunna's 'Drip Harder'|author=Rindner|first=Grant|work=Complex|language=en|accessdate=8 April 2019|archivedate=8 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408171328/https://www.complex.com/music/2018/10/how-turbo-guided-the-sound-of-lil-baby-gunna-drip-harder}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta diski == === Ndị na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Aha ya ! rowspan="2" |Afọ ! colspan="6" |Ọnọdụ chaatị kachasị elu ! rowspan="2" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USR&B/HH<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |CAN ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |IRE ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWE ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |UK |- ! scope="row" |"Drip Too Hard"Lil Baby na Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> | rowspan="2" |2018 |4 |3 |10 |54 |97 |28 |''Drip Harder'' |- ! scope="row" |"(Yosemite"Travis Scott na-egosi Gunna na Nav)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |25 |16 |18 |Ọdịdị |92 |93 |''Astroworld'' |- ! scope="row" |"Otu Ọkpụkpọ"Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> | rowspan="3" |2019 |56 |23 |78 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |''Drip ma ọ bụ Drown 2'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ndị Enyi Dị Mkpa"Lil Baby)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |28 |16 |74 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |68 |''Drip Harder'' |- ! scope="row" |"Manụ ya ngwa ngwa"Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |91 |43 |96 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |''Drip ma ọ bụ Drown 2'' |- ! scope="row" |"Wunna" (<span style="font-size:85%;">Gunna</span><br /><br /><br /><br />) |2020 |57 |24 |79 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |83 |''Wunna'' |- | colspan="16" style="font-size:90%" |"X" na-egosi ihe ndekọ nke na-enweghị chaatị ma ọ bụ nke a na-ewepụtaghị na mpaghara ahụ. |} === Abụ ndị ọzọ e depụtara === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Aha ya ! rowspan="2" |Afọ ! colspan="5" |Ọnọdụ chaatị kachasị elu ! rowspan="2" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USR&B/HH<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |CAN ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |IRE ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |UK |- ! scope="row" |"Off White Vlone"(Lil Baby na Gunna na-egosi Lil Durk na Nav)<br /><br /><br /><br /> | rowspan="6" |2018 |54 |25 |52 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị | rowspan="5" |''Drip Harder'' |- ! scope="row" |"Business Is Business"Lil Baby na Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |61 |28 |69 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |- ! scope="row" |"Belly(Lil Baby na Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |80 |37 |92 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |- ! scope="row" |"Abụ m"Lil Baby na Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |98 |46 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |- ! scope="row" |"Never Recover"Lil Baby na Gunna na-egosi Drake)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |15 |9 |16 |89 |46 |- ! scope="row" |"Miami(Tory Lanez na-egosi Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |89 |Ọdịdị |88 |''Ịhụ m n'anya ugbu a?'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla"Gunna)<br /><br /><br /><br /> | rowspan="3" |2019 |75 |36 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị | rowspan="3" |''Drip ma ọ bụ Drown 2'' |- ! scope="row" |"3(Snake Headed"Gunna na-egosi Young Thug)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |74 |35 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |- ! scope="row" |"(Otu Yung Nigga"Gunna na-egosi Playboi Carti)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |97 |45 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |- ! scope="row" |"(Top Floor"Gunna na-egosi Travis Scott)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |2020 |55 |22 |73 |Ọdịdị |90 |''Wunna'' |} == Ihe ngosi mmepụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Aha ya !Onye na-ese ihe !Album !Afọ |- |"Mee ya n'onwe m"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://handmetheaux.com/latest/2016/11/15/do-it-by-myself-young-thug|title="Do it By Myself" - Young Thug|work=Hand Me The Aux {{!}} HMTA|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-06}}</ref> |Young Thug |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> | rowspan="4" |2016 |- |"Big Pimpin" |Shad Da Chineke |''Pụrụ Ịtọhapụ Ịnyịnya'' |- |"Osisi anwụrụ ọkụ" | rowspan="2" |Ndị òtù Bankroll | rowspan="2" |''Ndị òtù Bankroll'' |- |"Gịnị Ego Ọ Na-efu" |- |"Ònye gara nyochaa m" | rowspan="2" |Òtù Ndị Agha | rowspan="2" |Anyị chọrọ anwụrụ ọkụ | rowspan="6" |2017 |- |"Ụzọ" |- |"Beat the Case" (<small>nke</small> gosipụtara Offset) |Gunna |''Oge Mmiri nke 2'' |- |"Mee ngwa" |Lil Baby |''O siri ike nke ukwuu'' |- |"Bubble Chevy" | rowspan="2" |Shad Da Chineke | rowspan="2" |''Òtù Chineke'' |- |"Anyị mere ya" |- |"Ebe Ọ dị" |Johnny Cinco |''M na-aṅụ iyi 2'' | rowspan="39" |2018 |- |"Off The Rip" (<small>nke</small> <small>BlocBoy JB</small> gosipụtara)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hustlehearted.com/hoodrich-pablo-juan-rip-blocboyjb/|title=Hoodrich Pablo Juan - Off The Rip feat. Blocboy JB|date=2018-06-22|work=Hustle Hearted|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-04|archivedate=2019-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604150630/https://www.hustlehearted.com/hoodrich-pablo-juan-rip-blocboyjb/}}</ref> |Hoodrich Pablo Juan |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Extortion" (<small>nke gosipụtara Shy Glizzy</small>) |Mgbe nile |''E Ebumnuche Maka Ịdị Ukwuu'' |- |"E debere ya" | rowspan="2" |Young Thug |Asụsụ Slime |- |"Feeling" (<small>nke gosipụtara Spodee</small>) |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Off White Vlone" (<small>nke</small> <small>Lil Durk</small> <small>na</small> Nav gosipụtara) | rowspan="8" |Lil Baby na Gunna | rowspan="8" |Drip Harder |- |"Ụra" |- |- |"Onye na-ezu ohi ejiji" |- |"Ndị Enyi Dị Mkpa" |- |"Na-esi ike" |- |"azụmahịa bụ Azụmaahịa" |- |"My Jeans" (<small>nke</small> <small>Young Thug</small> gosipụtara) |- |"N'enwetaghị" (ya <small>na</small> <small>Drake</small>) |- |"Ọgwụ akara" |- |"Sold Out Dates" (<small>nke Lil Baby gosipụtara</small>) |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Oh Okay" (<small>nke Lil Baby na Young Thug gosipụtara</small><ref name=":0" />) <ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/lil-baby-gunna-drip-harder-collaboration-731025/|title=Gunna Taught Lil Baby How to Rap. Now, They're the Best Duo of 2018|last=Leight|first=Elias|date=2018-10-04|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref> | rowspan="4" |Oge 3 nke Drip |- |"Onye dị ike" (<small>nke Hoodrich Pablo Juan gosipụtara</small>) |- |"N'ụlọ nkwari akụ" |- |"Ọgwụ Na-egbu Oge" |- |Yosemite | rowspan="2" |Travis Scott |''Astroworld'' |- |"Zọm" |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Bank" (<small>nke</small> gosipụtara <small>Moneybagg Yo</small>) |Lil Baby |Ọ siri ike karịa mgbe ọ bụla |- |"Walk In" (Lil Baby)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thestreetssalute.com/lil-baby-walk-in-feat-rylo-rodriguez/|title=Lil Baby Drops New Single "Walk In" Featuring Rylo Rodriguez|date=2018-08-22|work=StreetsSaluteHipHop|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-06}}</ref> |Rylo Rodriguez |''Onyinye E Si ná Ghetto'' |- |"Ụlọ Dị Nchebe" |Lil Yachty |''Ụbọchị ọmụmụ Mix 3'' |- |"Nke ikpeazụ nke Real" |Jose Guapo |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Eat" (<small>nke</small> gosipụtara <small>Gunna</small>) |Ụgbọ Mmiri |''Enweghị uche'' |- |"Dubai Plates" (<small>nke gosipụtara Gunna</small>) |Key Glock |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Ị ghọtara"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/new-music/2018/06/shy-glizzy-do-you-understand-featuring-tory-lanez-gunna/|title=Shy Glizzy, Tory Lanez & Gunna Drop Song ''Do You Understand?'' - XXL|author=Coe|first=Kairi|work=XXL Mag|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-03}}</ref> |Ihe na-adịghị mma |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Invisible" (<small>nke Young Thug gosipụtara</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2018/05/23/invisible-shad-da-god-young-thug-city-of-god-turbo|title=Shad Da God and Young Thug connect on "Invisible"|work=The FADER|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-03}}</ref>) |Shad Da Chineke |''Obodo Chineke'' |- |"Bank" (<small>nke</small> gosipụtara MoneyBagg Yo) |Lil Baby |''Ọ siri ike karịa mgbe ọ bụla'' |- |"Kick Down Yo Door" (<small>nke Hoodrich Pablo Juan gosipụtara</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstarhiphop.com/videos/video.php?v=wshh9x727hYPdSI5g7ik|title=MPR Tito Feat. Hoodrich Pablo Juan - Kick Down Yo Door {{!}} Video|work=WORLDSTARHIPHOP|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-06}}</ref>) |MPR Tito |''Rixh Blxxd'' |- |"A ka bụ isiokwu" |Strick |''Ihe ize ndụ = Ihe nrite 2'' |- |"Gucci Socks" (<small>nke gosipụtara Gunna</small>) | rowspan="3" |Jọdan Na-eto Eto | rowspan="3" |''Ihe Ndị Na-adọrọ adọrọ'' |- |"Grimlin" |- |"M niile" |- |"Wat U On" (<small>nke gosipụtara Gunna</small>) |MoneyBagg Yo |''Ịgba M Ọsọ'' |- |"Onye Akaebe Anya" |Eze na-agba égbè |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Bacc 2 Ụlọ Mkpọrọ" | rowspan="2" |03 Greedo | rowspan="2" |''Ọnọdụ Chineke'' |- |"Ikpere Chineke ekpere" |- |"Agwaara m m"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/lil-gotit-shows-improvement-with-turbo-produced-i-told-em-new-song.1981617.html|title=Lil Gotit Shows Improvement With Turbo-Produced "I Told Em"|work=HotNewHipHop|date=7 January 2019|accessdate=2019-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107225408/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/lil-gotit-shows-improvement-with-turbo-produced-i-told-em-new-song.1981617.html|archive-date=2019-01-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Lil Gotit |TBA | rowspan="13" |2019 |- |"Turbo"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musiconthedot.com/q-da-fool-shares-two-new-singles/|title=Q Da Fool Shares Two New Singles|work=musiconthedot.com|date=6 September 2018|accessdate=2019-06-06|archivedate=2019-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606150255/http://musiconthedot.com/q-da-fool-shares-two-new-singles/}}</ref> |Q Da Fool |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"4 Ezigbo" |Mkpụrụ obi YNW |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> |- |"Back2Back" (nke gosipụtara Gunna & Young Thug)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dirty-glove.net/cheat-code-feat-gunna-young-thug-back-back/|title=Cheat Code Feat. Gunna & Young Thug "Back to Back"|author=Haze|date=2018-02-17|work=Dirty Glove Bastard|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-06}}</ref> |Usoro Ịghọ aghụghọ |''Yanna'' |- |"Ndị na-ebi na Vibes" | rowspan="9" |Gunna | rowspan="9" |''Drip ma ọ bụ Drown 2'' |- |"Ọ pụtara ìhè" |- |"Richard Millie Plain" |- |"Derek Fisher" (<small>nke Lil Baby gosipụtara</small>) |- |"3 Headed Snake" (<small>nke Young Thug gosipụtara</small>) |- |"Big Shot" |- |"N'Ugwu" |- |"Site n'Okporo" |- |"Otu Yung Nigga" (<small>nke</small> <small>Playboi Carti</small> gosipụtara) |- |"Ịchekwa nke ịnọ n'ịnọ n'Iche Dị Ọcha" |Gunna, Young Thug na ya onwe ya |<small>otu na-abụghị album</small> | rowspan="5" |2020 |- |"(ADDYS" <small>nke Nechie gosipụtara</small>) | rowspan="4" |Gunna | rowspan="4" |''Wunna'' |- |"Anọ m na ụfọdụ" |- |"Far("nke gosipụtara Young Thug) |- |"Street Sweeper"(nke na-egosi <small>ọdịnihu</small>) |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dpxla0c4s2d98ydtpql6bd6ctqpujfn 0 18074 728369 94622 2026-09-27T01:35:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Stephan-Marcellus-Savnt-Sergio-Colon.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Savnt''' (ónyé amụrụ '''Stephan Marcellus'''; October 13, 1991) bụ ónyé America na-agụ egwú na ónyé na-ede egwu si Englewood, New Jersey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stephan Marcellus - NBC The Voice|url=https://www.nbc.com/the-voice/credits/credit/season-13/stephan-marcellus|work=NBC.com|publisher=NBC.com|accessdate=28 January 2018}}</ref> Marcellus sonyere na ógè nké iri na atọ nke usoro telivishọn NBC The Voice . O mechara wepụta ọtụtụ egwu na mmekorita ya na ndị ọzọ na-edekọ egwu. == Nkọwapụta == === Abọm Studio === * Nnupụisi (2018) === EPs === * Rock & Blues (2021) == Ndị na-alụbeghị di == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke ndị na-alụbeghị di, na ọkwa chaatị ahọpụtara na asambodo, na-egosi afọ a tọhapụrụ na aha abọm ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" style="width:12em;" |Album |- ! scope="row" |"Anyị niile Na-anwa (Frank Ocean Cover) " |2014 | |- ! scope="row" |"Onye na-eme ihe nkiri" | rowspan="1" |2015 | |- ! scope="row" |"Were m gaa Chọọchị (The Voice Performance)"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Take Me to Church - Stephan Marcellus|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/take-me-to-church-the-voice-performance/1291047712?i=1291047844|work=www.itunes.apple.com|date=3 October 2017|publisher=Universal Music Group|accessdate=28 January 2018}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |2017 | |- ! scope="row" |"O N'abalị Dị Nsọ!" | |- ! scope="row" |"Renegade"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stephan Marcellus - Renegade|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/renegade-single/1318016403|work=www.itunes.apple.com|date=29 November 2017|publisher=Apple - iTunes|accessdate=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129140449/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/renegade-single/1318016403|archive-date=29 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |- ! scope="row" |"Onye mmeri" | rowspan="3" |2020 | |- ! scope="row" |"Ndị mmadụ" (<small>f</small>. <small>Noah Mac & Geno Five)</small> | |- ! scope="row" |"Mmiri Dị Nsọ" (<small>f</small>. <small>SNT JMS)</small> |} == Mpụta ndị ọbịa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke ndị ọbịa, na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri, na-egosi afọ a tọhapụrụ na aha abọm ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Onye na-ese ihe ! scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="row" |"Ọkụ" | rowspan="3" |2017 | rowspan="3" |Marcus Orelias | rowspan="3" |''Afọ 20 bụ Afọ Dị Iche Iche''<ref>{{Cite web|title=20s a Difficult Age tracklist|url=https://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/marcus-orelias/20s-a-difficult-age-1/|work=rateyourmusic.com|publisher=rateyourmusic|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Atrium" (nke <small>Lee</small> Major mepụtara) |- ! scope="row" |"Ọdịnihu" |- ! scope="row" |"Were ya n'elu" | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |Bobby DiBlasio | rowspan="2" |TBA |- ! scope="row" |"Ikwere na Gị" |- |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 467w3l2uwp8o409p7xxaz73j6n8mlac 0 18106 728418 723916 2026-09-27T06:30:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Terius Youngdell Nash''' (amụrụ na Septemba 20, 1977), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ '''The-Dream''', bụ ónyé America na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu, na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Cummings|first=Ray|date=September 7, 2011|url=http://blogs.citypages.com/gimmenoise/2011/09/new_terius_nash_the_dream.php|title=The-Dream drops free album under Terius Nash moniker|work=[[City Pages]]|accessdate=May 31, 2013|archive-date=May 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530010533/http://blogs.citypages.com/gimmenoise/2011/09/new_terius_nash_the_dream.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ihe odide ya gụnyere egwu ya na "Me Against the Music" (2003) màkà Britney Spears, "Ride" (2010) màkà Ciara, "Umbrella" (2007) màkà [[Rihanna]], "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (2008) na "Partition" (2013) màkà [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyonce]], "Touch My Body" (2008) màkà Mariah Carey, "16 @ War" maka Karina Pasian (2008), "Baby" (2010) maka [[Justin Bieber]], "All of the Lights"(2010) maka Kanye West, na "No Church in the Wild" (2013) maka Jay-Z na [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]]. Dị ka onye na-edekọ egwu, ọ wepụtara abọm studio ise n'etiti 2007 na 2013: Love / Hate (2007), Love vs. ''Ego'' (2009), Love King (2010), ''1977'' (2011) na ''IV Play'' (2013). Ntọhapụ abọm ya kachasị ọhụrụ bụ abọm atọ nke 2018 Ménage à Trois: Sextape Vol. 1, 2, 3 na abọm 2020 ''Sextape 4''. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Terius Nash na Rockingham, North Carolina . Ya na nne ya kwagara Atlanta, Georgia mgbè ọ dị afọ abụọ. Mgbè mbụ ọ mụtara ịkpọ opi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, Nash mụtara otú e si akpọ ụbọ na ụbọ.<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|author=Cordor|first=Cyril|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-dream-mn0001028077/biography|title=The-Dream : Biography|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=August 11, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104231635/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-dream-mn0001028077/biography|archivedate=January 4, 2015}}</ref> Nne ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1992 mgbe Nash dị afọ iri na ise, ihe omume nke ga-akpali ya ide egwu.<ref name="NY Mag">{{Cite web|url=https://nymag.com/arts/popmusic/features/66998/|title=Rhythm and Blues|author=Raftery|first=Brian|work=NY Mag|date=July 4, 2010|accessdate=January 14, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907010306/http://nymag.com/arts/popmusic/features/66998/|archivedate=September 7, 2010}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu na ọnwụ nne ya nyèrè ya "ebe dị nro" maka ụmụ nwanyị, nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ chọrọ ide egwu banyéré ike ụmụ nwanyị dịka "Umbrella" nke Rihanna.<ref name="NY Mag" /> Ọ kwagara na nna nna ya, onye na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke na-etinye ụkpụrụ ọrụ siri ike na Nash na-eto eto. N'ihe banyéré nna nna ya, Nash na-echeta "Ọ si n'oge ọjọọ maka ndị isi ojii na ndịda, mana ọ bụ ezie na anyị bi na hood, anyị nwere ụgbọ mmiri, ụfọdụ ụgbọala na ụlọ a kwụrụ ụgwọ. Ya mere enwere m echiche dị iche na ndụ. Ọ dịghị ihe m na-enweghị ike ime. '<ref name="Taipei Times">{{Cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2009/03/09/2003437949/3|title=Terius Nash's high art is ghetto-friendly (Pg. 3)|author=Maerz|first=Melissa|work=Taipei Times|publisher=New York Times News Service|date=March 9, 2009|accessdate=January 14, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511131506/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2009/03/09/2003437949/3|archivedate=May 11, 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ egwu == === 2001–2007: Mmalite === Nash zutere ónyé na-emepụta R&B Laney Stewart na 2001 na Stewart nyeere ya aka inweta nkwekọrịta mbipụta mgbè Nash dere "Ihe niile" maka abọm B2K ''Pandemonium''!.<ref name="allmusic"/> N'okpuru aha edemede "The-Dream", Nash malitere ide egwu màkà ndị na-ese ihe na-ewu ewu. O so dee egwu Britney Spears "Me Against the Music" site na abọm ya In the Zone . Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na abọm nke abụọ nke Nivea bụ Complicated, nke ónyé isi ya mepụtara, ma gaa n'ihu na-ede ma na-emepụta ya na Christopher "Tricky" Stewart, nwanne Laney, nke dugara [[Rihanna]] na 2007 kụrụ "Umbrella". A họpụtara "Umbrella" maka Abụ nke Afọ na 2008 Grammy Awards.<ref name="Def Jam.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_bio.php?artist_id=652|title=The-Dream Biography|publisher=Def Jam.com|accessdate=September 18, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918003642/http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_bio.php?artist_id=652|archivedate=September 18, 2008}}</ref> === 2008–2010: The Love trilogy === N'afọ 2007, Nash bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Def Jam Recordings wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na abọm studio mbụ ya Love / Hate .<ref name="Def Jam.com"/> Ọ bụ The-Dream, onye ọrụ ibe ya Tricky Stewart, na Los Da Mystro mepụtara abọm ahụ, ma gosipụta Fabolous na [[Rihanna]].<ref name="thepopculturejunkie.com">{{Cite web|url=http://thepopculturejunkie.blogspot.com/2007/09/what-dreams-are-made-of.html|title=What Dreams are Made of|publisher=The Pop Culture Junkie|date=September 3, 2007|accessdate=September 18, 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67HIyGzCB?url=http://thepopculturejunkie.blogspot.com/2007/09/what-dreams-are-made-of.html|archivedate=April 29, 2012}}</ref> Edere ma dekọọ abọm ahụ n'ime ụbọchị asatọ na egwu iri na abụọ na-eme nke ikpeazụ. N'ịbụ onye a tọhapụrụ na Disemba 11, 2007, na The-Dream's Def Jam imprint Radio Killa Records, abọm ahụ gosipụtara egwu "Shawty Is a 10", "Falsetto" na "I Luv Your Girl" ma nata nyocha dị mmá site n'aka ndị nkatọ, dị ka Rolling Stone kpọrọ ya "otu ''n'ime'' ihe ndekọ R&B kachasị mmá n'afọ" na UrbanMusicReviews.com kwùrù na ónyé na-agụ egwú ahụ "hit a home run".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1048832/umbrella-writer-the-dream-preps-solo-debut|title=Umbrella' Writer The-Dream Preps Solo Debut|publisher=Billboard|date=August 7, 2007|accessdate=September 28, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618114915/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1048832/umbrella-writer-the-dream-preps-solo-debut|archivedate=June 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="UrbanMusicReviews.com">{{Cite web|url=http://urbanmusicreviews.com/reviews/the-dream-lovehate/|title=The-Dream – LoveHate|publisher=UrbanMusicReviews.com|date=December 11, 2007|accessdate=December 19, 2007|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67HJ35PTK?url=http://urbanmusicreviews.com/reviews/the-dream-lovehate/|archivedate=April 29, 2012}}</ref> Na June 2008, a kpọrọ The-Dream Best New Artist na BET Awards. === 2011–2014: ''1977'' na ''IV Play'' === Na egwu Love King "Sex Intelligent (Remix)," The-Dream bụrụ abụ na ọ ga-ewepụta abọm na-esote nke akpọrọ Love Affair na June 7, 2011.<ref name="rap-up.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/02/15/the-dream-calls-on-famous-friends-for-the-love-iv-album/|title=The-Dream Calls On Famous Friends for 'The Love, IV' Album - Rap-Up - Rap-Up|work=www.rap-up.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114035233/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/02/15/the-dream-calls-on-famous-friends-for-the-love-iv-album/|archivedate=November 14, 2012}}</ref> Na ụbọchị ntọhapụ ahụ, The-Dream wepụtara egwu ọhụrụ abụọ akpọrọ "Body Work / Fuck My Brains Out" dị ka nbudata n'efu sochiri abọm akpọrọ ''1977'' na August 31, 2011, dịkwa ka nbudata n'efu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/06/07/new-music-the-dream-body-work-fuck-my-brains-out/|title=New Music: The-Dream - 'Body Work'/'F**k My Brains Out!' - Rap-Up - Rap-Up|work=www.rap-up.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114034958/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/06/07/new-music-the-dream-body-work-fuck-my-brains-out/|archivedate=November 14, 2012}}</ref> Def Jam Recordings wepụtara ''1977'' n'ahịa na Disemba 18, 2012, na ndepụta egwu gbanwere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/08/02/the-dream-to-release-free-album-this-month/|title=The-Dream to Release Free Album This Month - Rap-Up - Rap-Up|work=www.rap-up.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130025506/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/08/02/the-dream-to-release-free-album-this-month/|archivedate=January 30, 2012}}</ref> Love Affair na-egbu ógè ugboro ugboro ma gbanwee aha ahụ na The Love, IV, ''Love IV'': Diary of a Madman, ''Love IV'' MMXII, na n'ikpeazụ ''IV Play''.<ref name="rap-up.com" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/470811/the-dream-announces-the-love-iv-release-date-and-plans-to-publish|title=The-Dream Announces 'The Love IV' Release Date and Plans to Publish Book|work=billboard.com|date=June 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329104807/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/470811/the-dream-announces-the-love-iv-release-date-and-plans-to-publish|archivedate=March 29, 2013}}</ref> N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ atọ n'etiti Love King na IV Play, The-Dream wepụtara egwu "Roc" na "Dope Bitch", nkè etinyeghị na ndepụta egwu ikpeazụ màkà ''IV Play''. === 2018–ugbua: ''Sextape'' series === The-Dream wepụtara abọm akpọrọ Ménage à Trois: Sextape Vol. 1, 2, 3 na Disemba 2018, na abọm ọzọ akpọrọ ''Sextape 4'' na Eprel 2020. == Mmepụta na ide egwu == Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na Nivea na Rihanna, Nash edeela ma mepụta egwu màkà ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ama ama R&B, hip hop, na ndị egwu pop, gụnyere J. Holiday, Usher, Yung Joc, Jesse McCartney, Mariah Carey, Karina Pasian, Ciara, [[Brandy]], Diddy, Mary J. Blige, B2K, [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] na Tulisa Contostavlos. N'afọ 2009, The-Dream na Tricky Stewart dere ma mepụta abọm How to Be a Lady: Volume 1 nkè otu ụmụ agbọghọ R&B Electrik Red. The-Dream abụrụla ónyé na-ese ihe na egwú ndị na-ese ihe dịka Plies, LL Cool J, Dear Jayne, Gym Class Heroes, Sterling Simms, Rick Ross, Fabolous, Jamie Foxx, na Snoop Dogg. == Mmetụta == John Calvert nke The Quietus na-ede na "stadium-R&B" nke The-Dream gbanwere ụdị ahụ dị ka akụkọ ifo," na-ezo aka na ya dị ka mmetụta na egwu Frank Ocean nke afọ 2012 "Pyramids".<ref name="Calvert">{{Cite web|author=Calvert|first=John|date=July 3, 2012|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/09241-frank-ocean-channel-orange-review|title=The Future's Bright: Frank Ocean's Channel Orange Track-by-Track|publisher=[[The Quietus]]|accessdate=July 11, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AeohiA0C?url=http://thequietus.com/articles/09241-frank-ocean-channel-orange-review|archivedate=September 13, 2012}}</ref> Ónyé nchịkọta akụkọ Allmusic Andy Kellman na-ede na, ya na Carlos McKinney na Tricky Stewart, The-Dream "jidere belt màkà ngalaba electronic pop-R&B, nke ndị na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ Leon Sylvers III, Kashif na Morrie Brown, Prince, Jam & Lewis, Teddy Riley, Timbaland na Missy Elliott, na Neptunes nwere. "<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kellman|first=Andy|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/love-king-mw0002000836|title=Love King – The-Dream|publisher=[[Allmusic]]. [[Rovi Corporation]]|accessdate=July 14, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618062653/http://www.allmusic.com/album/love-king-mw0002000836|archivedate=June 18, 2012}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == The-Dream nwere ụmụ itoolu. Mgbe ha na-akpa ọnwa isii, Nash lụrụ enyi ya nwanyị, Nivea n'afọ 2004. Ha nwèrè ụmụ atọ. Nivea gbàrà akwụkwọ maka nkewa iwu na Disemba 10, 2007. Nash kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ya na Nivea hụrụ n'anya, enweghị ahụmịhe ya n'ezinụlọ na-etolite pụtara na "a naghị akụziri ya ihe karịrị ịhụnanya [ọ na-ewe] iji nwee mmekọrịta. Dị ka, 'n'ihi na ịhụnanya abụghị naanị ebe ọ ga-agwụ. Ọ pụghị ịmalite ma kwụsị na ịhụnanya. A ghaghị inwe ụfọdụ ihe ọmụma na ndidi nke a na-enweta iji mee ka ọ na-aga n'ihu ma mee ka ọ kwụ ọtọ, achọpụtara m ụzọ siri ike. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/Music/News/thedreamtalksabouthisrelationship_MUSICNEWS_4.3.htm|title=The Dream Talks About His Relationship|accessdate=July 9, 2009|author=Osorio|first=Kim|date=April 3, 2009|work=BET.com music|publisher=Black Entertainment Television|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515210033/http://www.bet.com/Music/News/thedreamtalksabouthisrelationship_MUSICNEWS_4.3.htm|archivedate=May 15, 2009}}</ref> E mechiri ịgba alụkwaghịm ha na June 15, 2008. == Ihe gbasara iwu == E jidere Nash na June 2013 na Newport Beach, California màkà ebubo ime ihe ike n'ụlọ, mana enyi ya nwanyị Lydia Nam jụrụ ebubo.<ref name="tmz.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2014/04/30/the-dream-wanted-nypd-after-baby-mama-attack-lydia-nam/|title=The-Dream -- Wanted by NYPD After Allegedly Attacking Pregnant Baby Mama|work=tmz.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912123249/http://www.tmz.com/2014/04/30/the-dream-wanted-nypd-after-baby-mama-attack-lydia-nam/|archivedate=September 12, 2014}}</ref> E jidere Nash na Mee 7, 2014, na ebubo nke mwakpo na ịnyagbu, itinye ụmụaka n'ihe ize ndụ n'ihe ize ndụ megide enyi ya nwanyị dị ime Lydia Nam maka omume ya na Eprel 4, 2013, mgbè ha nọ na Plaza Hotel na New York.<ref name="tmz.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-the-dream-arrested-allegedly-assaulted-pregnant-exgirlfriend-20140507-story.html|title=The-Dream arrested; allegedly assaulted pregnant ex-girlfriend|first=August|author=Brown|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=May 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818183243/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-the-dream-arrested-allegedly-assaulted-pregnant-exgirlfriend-20140507-story.html|archivedate=August 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/article/the-dream-arrested-assault-ex-girlfriend-lydia-nam|title=The-Dream Arrested on Assault Charges|work=people.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829165934/http://www.people.com/article/the-dream-arrested-assault-ex-girlfriend-lydia-nam|archivedate=August 29, 2014}}</ref> A kpochapụrụ Nash ebubo, gụnyere mwakpo mpụ na ịnyagbu, na mpụta dị mkpirikpi na Manhattan Criminal Court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/officials-dismiss-charges-songwriter-single-ladies-article-1.2146833|title=Officials dismiss charges for songwriter of 'Single Ladies'|work=NY Daily News|accessdate=January 16, 2017}}</ref> == Discography == ; Albọm Studio * Ịhụnanya / ịkpọasị (2007) * ''Ịhụnanya vs. Ego'' (2009) * Love King (2010) * ''1977'' (2011) * ''IV Play'' (2013) * Ménage à Trois: Sextape Vol. 1, 2, 3 (2018) * ''Sextape 4'' (2020) == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha !Ụdị !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2017 |''A bịanyere aka na ya'' |Television |Ya onwe ya |Oge 1 |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Category !Ọrụ A Họpụtara !Nsonaazụ |- |2007 |Ihe nrite Mobo |Onye edemede egwu kacha mma |"Bed" (onye na-ede egwu) | {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |American Music Awards |T-Mobile Breakthrough Artist | rowspan="2" |The-Dream | {{Nom}} |- |BET Awards |Onye egwu ọhụrụ kachasị mma | {{Won}} |- |Ozone Awards |Onye egwu R&B kacha mma | rowspan="2" |The-Dream | {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |BET Awards |Onye egwu R&B kacha mma | {{Nom}} |- |BET Hip-Hop Awards |Nhọrọ nke Onye Na-ekiri |"Tụfuo ya n'ime akpa" na Fabolous | {{Won}} |- |} === Grammy Awards === A họpụtara The-Dream ugboro iri na ise maka Grammy Awards, na-emeri ise n'ime nhọpụta ndị a.<ref name="TheGrammys.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/terius-dream-nash/5219|title=TERIUS "THE DREAM" NASH|work=GRAMMY.com|date=April 22, 2021|access-date=July 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027172404/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/terius-dream-nash/5219|archive-date=October 27, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c22yp9we59le3kh16ayxf2ub40v8bvs 0 18126 728279 628574 2026-09-26T18:27:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Penny Ford (nke a makwaara dị ka '''Pennye Ford''', amụrụ na June 11, 1964) bụ ónyé America na-agụ egwu na-ede egwu, ónyé na-egwu ọtụtụ ngwá egwu, na ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Cincinnati, Ohio, ọ ghọrọ ónyé a ma ama na 1980s mgbè ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Total Experience Records ma wepụta abọm mbụ ya ''Pennye''. Abọm ahụ wepụtara egwu "Change Your Wicked Way" na "Dangerous", nke Ford mepụtara ma dee. Ọ nwetara aha mba ụwa dị ka ónyé na-agụ egwú nke otu Eurodance Snap!. N'ịbụ ndị Michael Münzing na Luca Anzilotti na-achịkwa ma mepụta, otu ahụ wepụtara abọm izizi ha World Power na 1990, nke rere ihe karịrị nde 7 n'ụwa niile ma ghọọ otu n'ime abọm ịgba egwu kachasị mmá ruo ugbu a.<ref name="mn2s">[https://mn2s.com/booking-agency/live-roster/snap/ Snap! Biography]. Milk ‘n’ 2 Sugars. Retrieved on January 10, 2017</ref> Abọm ahụ nwere egwu "The Power", "Ooops Up", "Cult of Snap", na "Mary Had a Little Boy", nké rere ihe karịrị nde ndekọ itoolu.<ref name="billboard">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180901145758/https://www.billboard.com/artist/328482/penny-ford/biography Penny Ford - Biography]. Billboard. Retrieved on January 8, 2017</ref> Snap!'s hiatus hụrụ ntọhapụ nke abọm nke abụọ nke Ford, ''Penny Ford'' (1993), nke guzobere ya dị ka onye na-ese egwu n'onwe ya n'ụwa niile ma gosipụta egwu "Daydreaming" na "I Lose Control". Ford bụkwa ónyé otu Klymaxx na Soul II Soul. N'afọ 2006, ọ laghachiri na Snap! wee soro ha gaa njem nlegharị ányà n'ụwa niile. N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Ford ereela ihe karịrị nde iri na isii.<ref name="mn2s"/><ref name="billboard"/> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Penny Ford na Cincinnati, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], n'aka Carolyn Griffith (née Ford), ónyé na-ezisa ozi ọma, na Gene Redd, Sr., ónyé isi ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ na onye na-emepụta ihe.<ref name="songfacts">[http://www.songfacts.com/blog/interviews/penny_ford_of_snap_/ Penny Ford of Snap! : Songwriter Interviews - Songfacts]. SongFacts. Retrieved on January 8, 2017</ref> Nwanne nwanyị Penny nke okenye, Sharon Redd, bụkwa ónyé na-agụ egwu. Ford attended St. Mark Catholic School in Cincinnati, where she enrolled in dance and music classes. Her interest in music and performing continued after winning a talented teen pageant at a young age, reading a Maya Angelou piece and singing George Gershwin's "Summertime" to beat other contestants.<ref name= "blogcritics">[http://blogcritics.org/interview-penny-ford-the-power-of/ Interview: Penny Ford – The Power of Experience]. Blog Critics. Retrieved on January 9, 2017</ref> In 1979, she snuck into a local club where she landed a job as a background singer for electro-funk group Zapp as part of a Parliament-Funkadelic World Funk Tour at age 14.<ref name="blogcritics" /> After graduating from high school at age 16, she traveled to Los Angeles, where she auditioned at a studio for Motown and was given a job as a demo singer.<ref name="billboard" /><ref name="blogcritics" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lemqaijr7cy35uk0ns3km0c3ariv58e 0 18569 728338 723464 2026-09-26T22:44:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robyn Kimberly Moodaly''' (amụrụ na 16 Junu1994) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ [[South Africa|South Afrika]] nke na-agba bọọlụ dị ka [[Footbọl|onye na-agba]] ọsọ n'etiti maka otu ụmụ nwanyị South Afrika. Ọ gara 2012 na 2016 Summer Olympics. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Robyn Moodaly na East London, Eastern Cape, South Afrika. Ọ malitere ịgba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]], ka ọ na-etolite, na-akọwa ya dị ka "ịnọ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa m". Moodaly na-egwuri egwu na ndị otu ụmụ nwoke, ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị dị nso ma mesịa kwaga Johannesburg iji gaa n'ihu na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ.<ref name="dreams">{{Cite news|author=Phandle|first=Gugu|title=Robyn stars on the field of dreams|url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2014/08/11/robyn-stars-on-the-field-of-dreams/|accessdate=19 November 2016|work=Dispatch Live|date=11 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810071400/http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2014/08/11/robyn-stars-on-the-field-of-dreams/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, Moodaly sonyeere AIB College of Business na Des Moines, Iowa. Ọ zụrụ na ndị otu bọọlụ kọleji mana enweghị ike igwu egwu na egwuregwu ọ bụla na 2013 n'ihi red tape.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AIB Eagle gives assist to home country|url=http://www.aib-eagles.com/article/676.php|accessdate=20 October 2014|publisher=[[AIB College of Business]]|date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020211059/http://www.aib-eagles.com/article/676.php|archive-date=20 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moodaly gbara egwuregwu abụọ maka otu W-League Colorado Rush Women na 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2013 Statistics|url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2013/20205035.html#STATS|publisher=[[United Soccer Leagues]]|accessdate=20 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023165530/http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2013/20205035.html#STATS|archivedate=23 October 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Mgbe ọ na-aga Mahadum Pretoria's High Performance Centre, Moodaly dọtara uche ndị na-ahọrọ ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba South Afrika bụ ndị debara aha ya n'ime ndị otu mba Under17 . Moodaly bụ akụkụ nke nhọpụta South Afrika na 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. O mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu mba dị elu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii na Jenụwarị afọ 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Moreotsene|first=Linda|title=The rise and rise of Moodaly|url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/mobi/Detail.aspx?NewsID=8265&CatID=15|accessdate=20 October 2014|publisher=[[The New Age (South African newspaper)]]|date=19 January 2011}}</ref> Ọ pụtara naanị maka ndị otu na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na otu mgbe ọ gbachara bọọlụ maka ndị okenye, na-agbanwe azụ na azụ n'etiti akụkụ abụọ ahụ n'ọtụtụ oge. O kwuru na nke a bụ n'ihi enweghị ụmụ nwanyị na-egwu egwuregwu. A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu South Afrika na 2012 Summer Olympics na London, United Kingdom.<ref name="dreams" /> N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, mmerụ ahụ gbochiri ya, ma lụọ ọgụ iji ruo eruo n'oge maka 2016 Summer Olympics na [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil. A họpụtara ya maka egwuregwu na-ekpo ọkụ ozugbo tupu asọmpi ahụ, megide ndị mmeri ụwa United States.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mohamed|first=Ashfak|title=Moodaly boost for Banyana Banyana|url=http://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/bafana/moodaly-boost-for-banyana-banyana-2041653|accessdate=19 November 2016|work=IOL|date=4 July 2016}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moodaly Robyn|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/robyn-moodaly|publisher=Rio 2016|accessdate=19 November 2016|archivedate=26 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126011954/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/robyn-moodaly}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Robyn Moodaly – FIFA competition record (archived) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Umunwanyi ndị n'agba egwuregwu bọọlụ]] 8fzrnvwmffaqa4jkg15kv55quk6jiqh 0 18572 728393 212241 2026-09-27T03:36:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sona Jobarteh''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1983) bụ onye Britain na-egwu ọtụtụ ngwá egwu, onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ [[The Gambia|Gambia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenewblackmagazine.com/view.aspx?index=2614|title=THE SONA JOBARTEH MIXTAPE|date=20 April 2011|accessdate=7 May 2015|work=|publisher=The New Black Magazine|author=ya Salaam|first=Kalamu|archivedate=15 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415154415/http://thenewblackmagazine.com/view.aspx?index=2614}}</ref> Ọ si n'otu n'ime ezinụlọ ise na-egwu egwu kora nke West Africka, ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ na-egwu egwuregwu kora si n'ezinụlọ griot.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/cultura/2014/556282/6/sona-jobarteh-ofrecera-concierto-en-el-teatro-diana.htm|title=Sona Jobarteh ofrecerá concierto en el Teatro Diana|date=27 October 2014|accessdate=7 May 2015|work=El Informador}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nwanne nne nke onye egwu kora a ma ama bụ Toumani Diabate, ọ bụkwa nwanne nwanyị nke onye egwu egwu kora bụ Tunde Jegede.<ref>[http://www.charliegillett.com/bb/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=17978 "Tunde Jegede & Maya Jobarteh. (Special African Music night)", Charlie Gillett – The Sound of the World.]</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na London, Maya Sona Jobarteh bụ onye otu n'ime ezinụlọ ise na-akpọ kora (griot) si West Afrika, na nwanyị mbụ so n'ezinụlọ dị otú ahụ iji bụrụ onye a ma ama na ngwá ọrụ a.<ref name=":0" /> Egwú nke ụbọ akwara iri abụọ na otu a na-agafe site n'aka nna gaa n'aka nwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://womad.co.uk/lineup/sona-jobarteh|title=Sona Jobarteh The Gambia/UK|accessdate=7 May 2015|work=|publisher=WOMAD The World's Festival|archivedate=26 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326193039/http://womad.co.uk/lineup/sona-jobarteh}}</ref> Ngwá egwu ahụ bụ ihe dị mkpa nke ndị Mandingo nọ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka ma na-echekwa egwu ha naanị maka ezinụlọ ụfọdụ a na-akpọ griot.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2014/10/20/cultura/a11n2cul|title=Con su kora, Sona Jobarteh contagió de energía y pasión al público del FIC|author=Palapa Quijas|first=Fabiola|date=20 October 2014|accessdate=7 May 2015|work=La Jornada|page=11}}</ref> Ọ mụọla kora kemgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, nke nwanne ya nwoke Tunde Jegede, onye ji afọ iri na otu tọọ ya, na onye ya na ya na-eme njem ọtụtụ ugboro n'afọ na Gambia dị ka nwatakịrị, na nna ya, Sanjally Jobarteh. Ọ gara Royal College of Music, ebe ọ gụrụ cello, piano na harpsichord, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ gara Purcell Akwụkwọ nke Egwu iji mụọ ihe osise.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ gụchara nzere na SOAS, Mahadum London. Ọ na-asụ Mandinka nakwa Bekee nke ọma. == Ọrụ egwu == O mere ihe ngosi mbụ ya na Jazz Café nke London, mgbe ọ dị afọ 4, ma rụọ ọrụ na mmemme ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge ọ bụ nwata.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=364&lang=en|title=African Success : Biography of Sona Maya JOBARTEH|author=www.lesideesnet.com|first=Les Idées Net -|work=www.africansuccess.org|accessdate=2018-04-18|archivedate=2019-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121306/http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=364&lang=en}}</ref> Mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ egwu, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ egwu gụnyere "River of Sound" na Irish Chamber Orchestra, nke gosipụtara Evelyn Glennie, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere arụmọrụ na Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Britten Sinfonia, Milton Keynes City Orchestra na Viva Chamber Orchestra. Jobarteh na-akụzi kora na [[London]]. Ya na nna ya, Sanjally Jobarteh, rụkọrọ ọrụ n'ịmepụta ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu dị na Gambia, nke akpọrọ aha nna nna ya a ma ama.<ref name=":1" /> == Onye na-ede ihe nkiri == Sona Jobarteh mere nke mbụ ya dị ka onye na-ede ihe nkiri na 2009 mgbe e nyere ya ọrụ ịmepụta ụda maka ihe nkiri ihe nkiri gbasara Afrịka nke akpọrọ Motherland .<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themotherland.info/ml_bio.htm|title=MOTHERLAND {{!}} Official Film Site {{!}} Owen 'Alik Shahadah|work=www.themotherland.info|accessdate=2018-04-18}}</ref> Akara ahụ bụ nchọpụta ọhụrụ n'ime ihe ngosi ihe nkiri nke ụwa ụda nke Afrika. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime akara Jobarteh sitere na ọdịnala griot nke West Africa, ọ ghaghịkwa imepụta ya iji kwado ihe ndị a chọrọ n'ebe a na-ahụ anya. N'ime ihe okike nke ọdịdị pụrụ iche nke Afrịka bụ izere Jobarteh nke ihe abụọ dị mkpa; nke mbụ, ịdabere na ihe nkiri nke ihe eji egwú ọdịda anyanwụ, na nke abụọ, mmeri nke ịgbà dị ka akara aka nke nnọchite anya egwu Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themotherland.info|title=MOTHERLAND {{!}} Official Film Site {{!}} Best film on Africa|work=www.themotherland.info|accessdate=2018-04-18}}</ref> == Ihe nka == A mụrụ ya n'England nke sitere n'ihe nketa Afrịka, ọ na-ejikọkwa ya na nke ikpeazụ.<ref name=":0" /> N'ịbụ onye na-etinye oge dị ukwuu na England na Gambia, ọ na-agwakọta ụdị egwu dị iche iche, site na omenala Europe na West Africa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka ndị ọgbọ ya, ọ na-enyocha ma gbasaa na mgbọrọgwụ ọdịnala Afrika kama ịnwa ijikọta ha na hip-hop na jazz nke oge a.<ref name=":0" /> Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-achọ ịkọwa egwu ọdịnala.<ref name=":3" /> Na mgbakwunye na kora, ọ na-abụkwa abụ ma na-akpọ ụbọ akwara.<ref name=":0" /> == Egwu == * Onye na-emepụta ihe na onye ọbịa na-ese ihe na Spoken Herbs ː (2006) * ''Egwú nke'' Diaspora (500 ''Afọ'' Mgbe e mesịrị Soundtrack) ̊ Souljazzfunk (2006) * Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Nu Beginin' (Ty2) ː (2007) * Afro Acoustic Soul Sona Soul Records (2008) * Onye na-emepụta ihe na onye ọbịa na-ese ihe na Light in the Shade of Darkenss (HKB FiNN) * ''Mba nna'': The Score Africa Guild Records (2010) * Akụkọ ndị African Guild Records (2011) == Ihe nkiri == * 500 ''Afọ'' Mgbe e mesịrị (Kora player)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2008346/|title=Sona Jobarteh|work=IMDb|accessdate=2018-04-18}}</ref> * ''Echiche'' (Nwanyị Na-eme Ihe nkiri) * Broken Embraces (Kora player) * ''Onye'' na-agụ akwụkwọ nke mbụ (Onye na-agụ egwu) * Obodo nna (Onye na-ede egwu) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://sonajobarteh.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sona Jobarteh] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171229042735/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/7778142f-c11a-44a1-8917-7e8a5d2d72df Sona Jobarteh na BBC] {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1983]] 2ocm1c4oyyqbo0s4dkkn4ru2rtqbcbz 0 18609 728354 641922 2026-09-27T00:27:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Sagal Salad Osman</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;" |<div class="nickname" lang="Somali">Sagal Salad Osman</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |ca. 1992 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Died | class="infobox-data" |June 5, 2016<span style="display:none">(2016-06-05)</span> (aged&nbsp;24)<br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">'''Mogadishu''', '''Somalia'''</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Cause&nbsp;of death | class="infobox-data" |Gunshot wounds |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Body discovered | class="infobox-data" |Outside a university in Mogadishu’s northwestern neighborhood of Hodan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality | class="infobox-data category" |Somalia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Education | class="infobox-data" |Plasma University |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Occupation | class="infobox-data role" |Broadcast journalist and producer |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Years&nbsp;active | class="infobox-data" |4 years |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Employer | class="infobox-data org" |Radio Mogadishu and Somali National Television |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Known&nbsp;for | class="infobox-data" |youth empowerment |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Television | class="infobox-data" |Somali National Television |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Parent(s) | class="infobox-data" |<div class="plainlist"> * Salad Osman (mother) </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Family | class="infobox-data" |six siblings |} [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|salarySagal Salad Osman]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townSagal Salad Osman]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|weightSagal Salad Osman]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceSagal Salad Osman]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Sagal Salad Osman''', onye a makwaara dị ka '''Sagal Osman''', (ihe dị ka n' afo 1992 ruo ubochi nke use n'afo 2016), onye Somalia na-emepụta ihe onyonyo na onye nta akụkọ maka Redio Mogadishu na Mogadishu, Somalia, bụ nwaanyị nta akụkọ nke abụọ e gburu n'ime ọnwa isii na [[Somalia]], otu n'ime mba kacha dirii ndị nta akụkọ njo.<ref name="austineentertainment">{{Cite web|url=http://austineentertainment.blogspot.com/2016/06/24yr-old-female-somali-journalist.html|title=24yr old female Somali journalist {{sic|assas|inated|nolink=y}} by suspected Islamist militants in Mogadishu (photos)|publisher=}}</ref> Ekwenyere na Al-Shabaab, otu ndị agha nke jikọtara ya na Al-Qaeda, bụ ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya.<ref name="austineentertainment" /><ref name="newsweek">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/sagal-salad-osman-somalia-journalist-killed-mogadishu-466964|title=A female Somali journalist was gunned down by suspected militants in Mogadishu|date=6 June 2016|publisher=}}</ref> == Onye nke ya == Sagal Salad Osman, nwa nwanayị nke onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Somali Youth Organization Salad Osman، bụ onye nta akụkọ dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ.<ref name="africanews">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/06/06/young-female-journalist-killed-in-somalia/|title=Young female journalist killed in Somalia|author=AfricaNews|date=13 February 2017|publisher=}}</ref> Osman bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Plasma, ebe ọ na-agu komputa sayensị <ref name="pattayamail">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pattayamail.com/worldnews/journalist-killed-somalia-dangerous-country-media-138308|title=Journalist killed in Somalia; a dangerous country for media - Pattaya Mail|first=Pattaya|author=Mail|date=6 June 2016|publisher=|accessdate=19 July 2022|archivedate=7 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607114312/http://www.pattayamail.com/worldnews/journalist-killed-somalia-dangerous-country-media-138308}}</ref> Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị, ọ lekọtara ụmụnne ya isii.<ref name="newsweek"/> Osman rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi na onye na-emepụta ihe na Redio Mogadishu nke gọọmentị.<ref name="africanews"/><ref name="austineentertainment"/><ref name="newsweek"/><ref name="sihanet">{{Cite web|url=http://sihanet.org/news/siha-briefing-somalia-gendered-killings|title=SIHA Briefing: Somalia- Gendered Killings - SIHA Network|publisher=|date=2016-06-21}}</ref><ref name="pmaward">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pmaward.org/afp-update-160927210206-pxfewr0j/|title=Somali journalist killed in Mogadishu: employer|publisher=}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nta akukomaka Somali National Television .<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/all-news/news/director_general_condemns_killing_of_broadcast_journalist_sa/|title=Director-General condemns killing of broadcast journalist Sagal Salad Osman in Somalia - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|publisher=}}</ref> Tupu e gbuo ya, Osman bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na ihe onyonyo na onye na-akọ akụkọ.<ref name="foxnews">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/06/05/journalist-killed-in-somalia-dangerous-country-for-media.html|title=Journalist killed in Somalia; a dangerous country for media|date=5 June 2016|publisher=|access-date=19 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608073055/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/06/05/journalist-killed-in-somalia-dangerous-country-for-media.html|archive-date=8 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="africanews" /> Na Sọnde, ka ones jun bars ubochi nke use n'2016, Osman ka gachara nzukọ iji kwadebe maka ule ikpeazụ ya wee soro ndị enyi ya gaa ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị anya na Mahadum Plasma, mgbe e gburu ya n'ihe dị ka mgbe ojiri okala gafee elekere ato nke ehihie.<ref name="somalilandpress">{{Cite web|url=http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalia-gendered-killings/|title=Somalia – Gendered Killings|date=19 June 2016|publisher=|accessdate=19 July 2022|archivedate=22 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622183120/http://www.somalilandpress.com/somalia-gendered-killings/}}</ref><ref name="sihanet"/><ref name="newvision">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1426202/female-journalist-gunned-somalia|title=Female journalist gunned down in Somalia|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="austineentertainment"/><ref name="foxnews"/><ref name="voanews">{{Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/female-journalist-killed-in-somalia/3362812.html|title=Female Journalist Killed in Somalia|first=Abdulaziz|author=Osman|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="pattayamail"/> umu nwoke atọ a na-amaghị aha ha ji égbè gbagbuo ya n' ihu mahadum ya na mpaghara Hodan dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Mogadishu.<ref name="austineentertainment" /><ref name="newsweek"/><ref name="newvision" /><ref name="sihanet" /><ref name="somalilandpress" /> A kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ, mana ọ nwụrụ n'ụzọ.<ref name="austineentertainment" /> Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ ibe ya gara ịmata ozu ya.<ref name="newvision" /> Dị ka Ali Abdulkadir si kwuo, "ha amaghị ihe mere e ji gbuo Osman".<ref name="newvision" /><ref name="austineentertainment" /> Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Somalia wepụtara ozu ya n'ebe ahụ.<ref name="cpj">{{Cite web|url=https://cpj.org/killed/2016/sagal-salad-osman.php|title=Sagal Salad Osman - Journalists Killed - Committee to Protect Journalists|publisher=}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii nụrụ ụda égbè site n'ebe a gbagburu Osman wee gbaga ebe ahụ. [citation needed] Ka ha rutere ebe ahụ, ndị na-agba égbè agbapụlarị.<ref name="voanews" /> Ọ dịghị onye e jidere maka mpụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kwuo na ọ bụ ya kpatara ogbugbu ahụ.<ref name="pmaward"/> Agbara Sagal Salad Osman egbe ọtụtụ ugboro n'isi na obi na June site n'aka ndị ikom atọ na mpaghara Hodan dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Mogadishu. [citation needed] Umu nwoke gburu Osman bụ ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị otu ndị agha jikọtara na Al-Qaeda a na-akpọ Shabaab.<ref name="austineentertainment"/><ref name="pattayamail"/><ref name="sihanet"/><ref name="somalilandpress"/> Ndị uwe ojii kwenyere na Al-Shabaab bụ onye kwadoro ogbugbu ahụ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-egosi ihe ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ Redio Mogadishu nke gọọmentị na-achịkwa ma kwado ọrụ ya maka inye ndị ntorobịa ike site n'ịrụ ọrụ na telivishọn.<ref name="voanews"/><ref name="misa">{{Cite web|url=http://misa.org/featured-on-home/afex-condemns-barbaric-murder-female-journalist-somalia/|title=AFEX Condemns Barbaric Murder of Female Journalist in Somalia - Media Institute of Southern Africa|author=zoetitus|publisher=|date=2016-06-07|accessdate=2022-07-19|archivedate=2018-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111215344/http://misa.org/featured-on-home/afex-condemns-barbaric-murder-female-journalist-somalia/}}</ref> Ndị nta akụkọ na-arụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi, dị ka ebe Osman na-arụ, bụ ndị Shabaab na-elekwasị anya ugboro ugboro.<ref name="newvision"/><ref name="pattayamail" /><ref name="sihanet" /><ref name="somalilandpress" /><ref name="thesundaily">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1826621|title=Female journalist gunned down in Somalia|publisher=}}</ref> Osman bụ nwaanyị nta akụkọ mbụ e gburu n'afo 2016, mana ọ bụ nwanayị nke abụọ e gburu n'ime ọnwa isii.<ref name="unsom">{{Cite web|url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/srsg-keating-condemns-assassination-journalist-sagal-salad-osman|title=SRSG Keating condemns assassination of journalist Sagal Salad Osman|date=6 June 2016|publisher=|accessdate=19 July 2022|archivedate=24 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124152316/https://unsom.unmissions.org/srsg-keating-condemns-assassination-journalist-sagal-salad-osman}}</ref><ref name="pmaward"/><ref name="austineentertainment"/><ref name="foxnews"/><ref name="voanews"/><ref name="newvision"/> Kemgbe afọ 1992, e gbuola ihe karịrị ndị nta akụkọ mmadu iri isii na Somalia, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime mba kachasị ize ndụ n'ụwa maka ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi.<ref name="austineentertainment" /><ref name="voanews" /><ref name="newvision" /><ref name="pattayamail"/><ref name="unesco"/> Afọ kachasị njọ maka ndị nta akụkọ na Somalia bụ n'afọ 2012 mgbe ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi iri na asato nwụrụ.<ref name="pattayamail" /> N'agbata afọ 2007 na afọ 2015, e gburu ihe dị ka ndị nta akụkọ Somalia iri ano na ise.<ref name="unesco" />   Reporters Without Borders kwuru na nkwupụta ha, "Gọọmentị ga-emeghachi omume na oke iyi ọha egwu na ime ihe ike nke na-eri Somalia. Anyị na-arịọ ndị ọchịchị ka ha mee nyocha ngwa ngwa na nke zuru oke iji mee ka ogbugbu a dị egwu doo anya ma mee ka ndị kpatara ya gaa n'ihu ikpe. "<ref name="austineentertainment"/> Mohamed Ibrahim Moalimuu, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke National Union of Somali Journalists kwuru, sị, "Anyị na-akatọ n'ụzọ siri ike o kwere mee, anyị na-akpọkwa gọọmentị ka o nyochaa ma mee ka ndị na-akwado ogbugbu ahụ gaa n'ihu ikpe. "<ref name="voanews"/> France katọrọ ogbugbu Osman ma kwuo na a ga-ekpe ndị kpatara ọnwụ ya ikpe nakwa na a ga na-enyocha mpụ a n'ụzọ zuru ezu.<ref name="frdiplomatie">{{Cite web|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/somalia/events/article/somalia-murder-of-somali-journalist-sagal-salad-osman-05-06-16|title=Somalia – Murder of Somali journalist Sagal Salad Osman (05.06.16)|publisher=}}</ref> == Edensibia == 3o7w6mtvuq430m8gpr7yvfmor2lscc2 0 18807 728435 184198 2026-09-27T08:27:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728435 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Tuwo Shinkafa with Mia Kuka and Beef.jpg|thumb|Tuwon shinkafa]] '''Tuwon shinkafa''' bụ ụdị nri [[Naijiria]] na steeti Niger sitere na [[Niger]] na mpaghara ugwu nke [[Niger|Naijiria]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/fufu-recipes/tuwo-shinkafa.html|title=How to make Tuwon Shinkafa (Rice Fufu)|publisher=All Nigerian Recipes|date=|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cuisine of Nigeria: Tuwo shinkafa|url=https://trek.zone/en/nigeria/cuisine/tuwo-shinkafa|accessdate=2022-05-04|work=Trek Zone|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Three Delicious Delicacies, North of the Niger|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/three-delicious-delicacies-north-of-the-niger/NwXRvl_Nzd1jLw|accessdate=2022-05-04|work=Google Arts & Culture|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ pudding siri ike nke e ji osikapa dị nro ma na-arapara n'ahụ mee, a na-ejikarị ụdị ofe dị iche iche dị ka [[Miyar kuka]], Miyar kubewa, Miyar taushe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Ed|date=2020-03-30|title=How to Prepare Tuwo Shinkafa and Miyan Taushe|url=https://www.royacshop.com/2797-how-to-prepare-tuwo-shinkafa-and-miyan-taushe.html|accessdate=2022-05-04|work=Royac Shop|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531164439/https://www.royacshop.com/2797-how-to-prepare-tuwo-shinkafa-and-miyan-taushe.html|archive-date=2022-05-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Simple Way to Make Ultimate Tuwon shinkafa d miyar kuka {{!}} Quick and Easy Recipes|url=https://familycooking.pages.dev/menu2/1441-simple-way-to-make-ultimate-tuwon-shinkafa-d-miyar-kuka/|accessdate=2022-05-04|work=familycooking.pages.dev}}</ref> A na-akpọ ụdị abụọ e ji ọka na ntụ ọka sorghum mee Tuwon Masara na Tuwon Dawa n'otu n'otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/2014/08/tuwo-shinkafa-tuwon-shinkafa-made-from.html?m=1|title=Tuwo Shinkafa (Tuwon Shinkafa) - made from Raw rice and also with Rice flour|publisher=Nigerian FoodTV|date=23 August 2014|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Eshemokha|first=Udomoh|date=2020-07-31|title=TUWO MASARA: Health Benefits, How to prepare Tuwo Masara, Tuwo Masara Recipes|url=https://nimedhealth.com.ng/2020/07/31/tuwo-masara-health-benefits-how-to-prepare-tuwo-masara-tuwo-masara-recipes/|accessdate=2022-05-04|work=Nigerian Health Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-30|title=How to Make Tuwon Dawa: Nigerian Guinea Corn Fufu|url=https://9jafoods.com/how-to-make-tuwon-dawa-nigerian-guinea-corn-fufu/|accessdate=2022-05-04|work=9jafoods|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Nkwadebe == # Sachaa osikapa ahụ nke ọma na mmiri oyi ma tinye osikapa n'ime ite. # Wụnye mmiri zuru ezu n'ime ya ma kwe ka ọ sie nri na okpomọkụ dị n'etiti. # Jide n'aka na esi osikapa ahụ nke ọma site n'ịkọrọ ọka ma sie ya n'etiti mkpịsị aka gị. Ọ bụrụ na esibeghị ya, ị nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-agbakwunye mmiri ruo mgbe ị ga-ejide n'aka na esila osikapa ahụ nke ọma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Ed|date=2020-03-30|title=How to Prepare Tuwo Shinkafa and Miyan Taushe|url=https://www.royacshop.com/2797-how-to-prepare-tuwo-shinkafa-and-miyan-taushe.html|accessdate=2022-07-23|work=Royac Shop|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531164439/https://www.royacshop.com/2797-how-to-prepare-tuwo-shinkafa-and-miyan-taushe.html|archive-date=2022-05-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> # Ka mmiri kpọọ nkụ ozugbo ị nwere afọ ojuju na mash. # Jiri osisi spatula kpochaa osikapa ahụ ruo mgbe mkpụrụ osikapa niile ghọrọ mash nke Tuwo. # [[Usòrò:Tuwo with miyan kuka and fried fish.jpg|thumb|Tuwo na miyan kuku na azụ eghe eghe]]Mgbe ị na-agbanye, Tuwo gị adịla njikere. == Hụkwa ==   * Nri Naịjirịa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} enluug8q94cxpix6frdd9lsrp5yeh9q 0 19040 728404 198797 2026-09-27T04:51:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728404 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox hrecipe adr" |+ class="infobox-title fn" id="4" |<span>Sunday roast</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Sunday_roast_-_roast_beef_1.jpg|300x300px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Course | class="infobox-data" |Dinner |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Place of origin | class="infobox-data country-name" |United Kingdom |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Main ingredients | class="infobox-data ingredient" |Roasted Meat |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;" |<div class="plainlist"> * &nbsp;[[File:Commons-logo.svg|alt=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Category:Sunday roast|Media&#x3A; Sunday roast]] </div> |} '''Nri abalị a na-esi''' n'ọkụ na Sọnde ma ọ bụ nri abalị a na'ọkụ na Sunday bụ '''nri''' ọdịnala ndị Britain nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na Sọndee, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike iri ya n'izu niile, nke nwere anụ a na-esiri esi, poteto a na-akpọ poteto na ihe ndị na-eso ya dị ka Yorkshire pudding, stuffing, salse, na-atọ ụtọ, na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dị ka apple sauce, ma ọ bụ redcurrant jelly. Enwere ike inye akwụkwọ nri dịgasị iche iche dị ka akụkụ nke nri abalị a na-esi esi, dị ka broccoli, Brussels sprouts, carrots, cauliflower, parsnips, ma ọ bụ peas, nke enwere ike isi, mee ka ọ sie, ma ọ bụrụ ihe a na-esiri n'akụkụ anụ na poteto. Poteto a na-eme ka ọ dị nro bụkwa ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ihe a ma ama na Sunday roast na omenala Britain bụ nke na na ntuli aka UK na 2012 ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ndepụta nke ihe ndị mmadụ hụrụ n'anya banyere Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swnsdigital.com/2012/02/bacon-butty-best-of-british/|title=Bacon Butty Best of British|date=3 February 2012|accessdate=27 April 2020}}</ref> Aha ndị ọzọ maka nri a gụnyere ''nri ehihie Sunday'', nri ehihie Sọnde, ''nri abalị'' a siri esi, na nri a siri esi. A na-ejikarị nri ahụ tụnyere ụdị nri abalị Krismas dị ala. E wezụga na a na-enye ya n'ala nna ya, omenala nke nri ehihie ma ọ bụ nri abalị a na-esi n'ọkụ na Sọnde abụwo mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọdịbendị nri na ụwa na-asụsu Bekee, kachasị na mba [[Ostraliya|Australia]], [[Kánada|Canada]], South Africa, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], na New Zealand. A na-esi anụ na Sọnde na obodo [[South Africa]] na-agụnyekarị anụ ezì, anụ ehi, nwa atụrụ ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ, poteto a na-esi esi, poteto mashed, pumpkin fritters, Yorkshire pudding, na akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche dị ka cheese cauliflower-broccoli, spinach a na-akpọ creme, mashed ma ọ bụ butternut squash a na-es, agwa, karọt, ọka ọhụrụ, beetroot, na poteto na-atọ. Ọ bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị iji nye osikapa na ofe na South Africa kama inye Yorkshire pudding. == Mmalite == Nri a na-esi n'ọkụ na Sunday malitere na British Isles karịsịa Yorkshire dị ka nri a ga-eri mgbe chọọchị gasịrị na Sunday. Iri nri buru ibu na esochi ozi ụka bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ Europe, mana ụdị a na-esi n'ọkụ na Sunday mepụtara pụrụ iche na British Isles. Na Sọnde, a na-ekwe ka a rie ụdị anụ na mmiri ara ehi niile; nke a dị iche na Fraịdee, ebe ọtụtụ ndị Roman Katọlik na ndị Anglịkan na-ezere iri anụ, yabụ na-eri azụ̀ kama.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Foley|first=Michael P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XstmMVLDzIIC&pg=PA29|title=Why Do Catholics Eat Fish on Friday?: The Catholic Origin to Just About Everything|date=2005-11-29|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-6967-5|language=en}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, ọ bụ omenala maka ndị Anglịkan na ndị Katọlik Bekee ibu ọnụ tupu ozi Sọnde, na nri buru ibu iji mebie ibu ọnụ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. Iwu okpukpe ndị a mepụtara ọtụtụ nri ọdịnala na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]. * Naanị iri azụ na Fraịdee mere ka omenala ndị Britain nke 'fish Fridays' nke ka bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ụlọ ahịa azụ na chip na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ gafee mbà United Kingdom na Fraịde, ọkachasị n'oge Lent. * Iji gosipụta njedebe nke enweghị ike iri anụ, e mepụtara nri a na-esi n'ọkụ na Sọnde dị ka akara ememe. E nwere ihe abụọ mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere mmalite nke Sunday roast nke oge a. Na ngwụcha afọ 1700, n'oge mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na United Kingdom, ezinụlọ ga-etinye anụ n'ime ite ọkụ ka ha na nkwadebe maka ụka. Ha ga-agbakwunye akwụkwọ nri dịka poteto, turnips na parsnips tupu ha aga chọọchị n'ụtụtụ Sọnde. Mgbe ha si na chọọchị lọta, nri abalị adịla njikere. A na-eji mmiri sitere na anụ na akwụkwọ nri eme ihe iji mee ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ofe iji wụnye n'elu nri abalị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/19/britishidentity.lifeandhealth|work=The Guardian|first=Amelia|author=Hill|title=How Friday saved the Sunday roast|date=19 August 2007|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref> Echiche nke abụọ na-ekwu na a na-esi nri na Sọnde n'oge etiti oge, mgbe ndị ohu obodo na-ejere squire ozi ụbọchị isii n'izu. Mgbe ahụ, na Sọnde, mgbe ozi ụtụtụ gasịrị, ndị ohu ga-ezukọta n'ọhịa ma na-eme usoro agha ha ma jiri oriri ehi a na-esi n'elu ọnụ na-akwụghachi ha ụgwọ. == Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị == === Anụ === [[Usòrò:A_roast_lamb_dinner_at_Black_Horse_Inn,_Nuthurst,_West_Sussex_England.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/A_roast_lamb_dinner_at_Black_Horse_Inn%2C_Nuthurst%2C_West_Sussex_England.jpg/220px-A_roast_lamb_dinner_at_Black_Horse_Inn%2C_Nuthurst%2C_West_Sussex_England.jpg|thumb|A na-esi nri na Sunday na nwa atụrụ e siri esi, poteto e siri esi na ya, karọt, agwa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na Yorkshire pudding]] Anụ ndị a na-eji esi nri na Sunday bụ ọkụkọ, nwa atụrụ, anụ ezì, ma ọ bụ anụ ehi a siri esi, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike iji ọbọgwụ, goose, gammon, [[Turkéy|turkey]], ma ọ dị ka (na-adịghị adịkebe) nnụnụ egwuregwu ndị ọzọ. === Nri === Enwere ike iji akwụkwọ nri a siri esi, nke a na-esi na / ma ọ bụ nke a na'ọkụ na Sunday sie. Akwụkwọ nri ndị a na-enye na-adị iche site n'oge ruo n'ógbè, mana ọ ga-agụnyekarị poteto a siri esi, nke a na-esi n'anụ ma ọ bụ mmanụ akwụkwọ nri, yana ofe e ji juices nke anụ a na-esiri esi, ma eleghị anya gbakwunyere otu ma ọ bụ karịa cubes, ofe browning / thiening, roux ma ọ bụ ntụ ọka. Enwere ike isi poteto gburugburu anụ ahụ n'onwe ya, na-amị mmiri na abụba ozugbo (dị ka ọ dị na omenala Cornish).<ref name="Persey1993">{{Cite book|author=Amanda Persey|title=Favourite Cornish Recipes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odwqAAAACAAJ|year=1993|publisher=J. Salmon|isbn=978-0-906198-97-1}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-esi nri na-ahọrọ isi poteto na Yorkshire pudding n'ọkụ ọkụ karịa nke a na-eji maka nkwonkwo ma wepụ anụ ahụ tupu oge eruo iji zuo ike ma "na-ebi" n'ebe na-ekpo ọkụ.<ref name="Smith1992">{{Cite book|author=Delia Smith|title=Delia Smith's complete cookery course|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YLKTQQAACAAJ|year=1992|publisher=BBC Books|isbn=978-0-563-36249-4}}</ref> Nri akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ a na-eri na nri abalị a siri esi nwere ike ịgụnye mashed swede ma ọ bụ turnips, parsnips a siri esi, cabbage a siri esi ma ọ bụ steamed, broccoli, green beans, na carrot na peas a siri esi. Ọ bụghịkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị maka nri akwụkwọ nri ndị fọdụrụnụ dị ka cheese cauliflower na cabbage red stewed ka a na-enye ya n'akụkụ ụdị akwụkwọ nri ndị a na-esiri esi n'oge. === Mgbakwunye === Egwú ọdịnala ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere: * ''[[Roast beef|anụ ehi]]'': Yorkshire pudding, suet pudding; English mustard, ma ọ bụ horseradish sauce. ''National Geographic'' na-ewere anụ ehi e siri esi na Yorkshire pudding tinyere "poteto e siri esi, akwụkwọ nri, na sauce horseradish" dị ka nri mba England.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-09-13|title=Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/|accessdate=2020-08-08|work=Travel|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/|archive-date=2016-10-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''anụ ezì'': crackling na sage-and-onion stuffing; apple sauce ma ọ bụ English mustard. * ''nwa atụrụ'': mint sauce ma ọ bụ jelly ma ọ bụ redcurrant jelly. * ''ọkụkọ'': ezì n'ime blanket, sausages ma ọ bụ anụ sausage, stuffing, achịcha, apụl, cranberry ma ọ bụ redcurrant jelly. == Ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ == Nri ndị fọdụrụnụ site na Sunday roast bụ ihe ndabere nke nri a na-enye n'ụbọchị ndị ọzọ n'izu. Dịka ọmụmatụ to, enwere ike iji anụ mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka bred, enwere ike ịkpụpụta anụ ehi a siri esi na poteto a siri esi fọdụrụ na yabasị ụfọdụ ọzọ wee sie ya na pan na mmanụ na ihe ndị a chọrọ ruo mgbe ọ dịtụ mma iji mee anụ ehi a kwọrọ akwọ, enwere ike jiri ya mee ihe na-etinye achịcha onye ọzụzụ atụrụ, akwụkwọ nri nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka efere na squeak na Scotland maka stovies ọdịnala. == N'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ == Na mba UK, ọtụtụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-enye nri nwere menu Sunday nke na-egosi nri Sunday, na-enwekarị anụ dịgasị iche iche. == Hụkwa ==   * Ihe osise * Pub grub == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Media related to Sunday roast at Wikimedia Commons [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rzicqxzvknycl9e2t00bjitvym2f0z2 0 19131 728224 654263 2026-09-26T14:19:30Z Chijioke2010 62489 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373515989|Okrika]]" 728224 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox settlement | name = Okrika | official_name = Okrika | native_name = | other_name = | type = [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_label_position = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = village | mapframe-zoom = 9 | coordinates = {{coord|4|44|23|N|7|4|58|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Rivers State]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title1 = LGA Chairman | leader_name1 = Achese Igwe | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_m = 452 | elevation_ft = | elevation_footnotes = | population_est = 379000 | pop_est_as_of = 2022 | population_note = | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = | postal_code_type = Postal Code | postal_code = 500103 | website = | footnotes = | image = Okrika Island.jpg | image_size = 280px | caption = Aerial view of part of Okrika mainland (foreground) and island (background) | map_size = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_caption = | leader_title2 = Deputy LGA Chairman | leader_name2 = Charity Igbulubo ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]]) | leader_title3 = Wards | leader_name3 = Ward 1: Gilbert Wakama ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 2: I Ibinabo Williams ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 3: Otonye Titus ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 4: Hebron Nyanabo ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 5: Paul Godwill Abam ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 6: Tomquin Sobere ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 7: Joshua Tomquin JP ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 8: Tamunokuro Fubara George ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 9: Prince Godwin Bipialaka ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 10: Reuben Iselema ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 11: Virginia Fimie ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<br/>Ward 12: Royal Clifford Ateke ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]]) | area_magnitude = | time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | time_zone_DST = | custom_label_sec1 = | custom_data_sec1 = | alt = }} <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  '''Okrika''' bụ obodo na '''Mpaghara Ọchịchị Obodo (LGA)''' dị na '''Steeti Rivers''', Naịjirịa. Obodo Okrika bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa nke Okrika LGA. Okrika LGA bụ otu n’ime '''LGA iri ndị Ijaw''' dị na Steeti Rivers. Ọ dị n’ime '''Mpaghara Senatorial Rivers East''', ma nwee oke ala na '''Eleme LGA''' n’ebe ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ, '''Ogu/Bolo LGA''' n’ebe ndịda, na '''Port Harcourt LGA''' n’ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Dị ka e si kọọ na '''2022''', '''Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board''' mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na '''Okrika LGA''' karịrị '''379,000''', nke gbasara n’obodo nta na obodo dị iche iche '''143'''. Ọrụ akụ na ụba kacha mkpa na '''Okrika''' bụ ịkụ azụ, ebe '''Iso Ụzọ Kraịst''' bụ okpukpe ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-eso. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị bi ebe ahụ ka na-eme '''Okpukpe Omenala Afrịka'''. Ọtụtụ ndị bi na Okrika sitere n’obodo nta ndị Ijaw dị nso, nke a emetụtala omenala Okrika. Obodo ahụ dị n’ogo dị ihe dịka '''mita 452 (ụkwụ 1,483)''' n’elu oke osimiri. Ọ dị n’ebe ugwu nke '''Osimiri Bonny''', n’agwaetiti Okrika, ihe dịka '''kilomita 56 (maịl 35)''' site na '''Bight of Bonny'''. Ụgbọ mmiri ndị nwere omimi kachasị nke '''mita 9 (ụkwụ 30)''' nwere ike iru ebe ahụ. Na mbụ, ndị Ijaw si n’ebo Ijaw dị iche iche nke etiti na mpaghara '''Wilberforce Island''' bịara guzobe Okrika dịka obodo ndị ọkụ azụ. N’isi mmalite narị afọ nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa , Okrika ghọrọ isi obodo '''Alaeze Okrika'''. N’oge ahụ, obodo ahụ, dịka obodo ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ, sonyere na '''azụmahịa ndị ohu'''. Mgbe a kwụsịrị azụmahịa ndị ohu n’afọ '''1830''', Okrika ghọrọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri a na-esi ebupụ '''mmanụ nkwụ'''. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dịka '''Bonny''', nke dị kilomita 46 (maịl 29) n’ebe ndịda, na '''Opobo''', nke dị kilomita 81 (maịl 50) n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ–ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ka ọ na-erule n’afọ '''1912''', Okrika akwụsịla ịbụ ebe azụmahịa dị mkpa, n’ihi na '''Port Harcourt''' kpuchiri ya n’ịdị mkpa azụmahịa. Okrika nwetaghachiri mkpa ya n’ihe gbasara azụmahịa n’afọ '''1965''', mgbe e mechara '''ụlọ ọrụ nhazi mmanụ Port Harcourt (Port Harcourt Refinery)''' ma wuo ọkpọkọ mmanụ na-aga n’ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na '''Okrika Mainland'''. Mpaghara ahụ nwekwara '''ụlọ ọrụ gas Alakiri''', nke na-enye gas ụlọ ọrụ nhazi mmanụ ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ugbu a, '''ngwaahịa mmanụ a nụchara anụcha''' bụ otu n’ime ihe ndị bụ isi Okrika na-ebupụ. A na-emekwa '''azụmahịa mpaghara''' nke azụ, ngwaahịa mmanụ nkwụ, nnu a haziri, akpụ, ede, unere, na ji n’obodo ahụ. Otú ọ dị, '''azụmahịa ịkụ azụ''' emetụtala n’ihi mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke metụtara ọrụ '''mmanụ crude (mmanụ a na-egwupụta n’ala)'''. == Nhazi mmekọrịta mmadụ na omenala. == Tupu afọ 1913, Alaeze Okrika nwere obodo ọdịnala itoolu: *Kirike, Ogoloma, Ogu, Bolo, Ogbogbo, Ibaka, Ele, Isaka,* na *Abuloma*. Obodo ndị a na-agụnyekarịkwa obodo nta ndị dị n’okpuru ha. Ka oge na-aga, mgbe e tinyere Obodo Koniju (Koni-ama), ọnụ ọgụgụ obodo ndị ahụ ruru iri. Ndị '''Okrika''' sitere n’ebe ndị '''Ijaw''' nọ, omenala ha emewokwa mgbanwe nke ukwuu ka oge na-aga n’ihi '''mbịakọta mmadụ, ịlụ di na nwunye n’etiti agbụrụ dị iche iche, mmekọrịta azụmahịa, na ibi n’otu mpaghara'''. N’ihi nke a, ọtụtụ akụkụ nke omenala Okrika na-egosi njikọ ha na ndị Ijaw. Ihe ndị a gụnyere '''ụdị asụsụ, omenala ọdịnala, uwe, egwu ọdịnala, abụ, ụzọ e si egosipụta okpukpe, na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke nhazi mmekọrịta ọha na eze''', dịka omenala gbasara ịlụ di na nwunye. Ihe ndị mere n’akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọkachasị '''ụzọ ndị mmadụ si kwaga n’etiti mpaghara, oge azụmahịa gafere Oké Osimiri Atlantic, na akụ na ụba mmanụ nkwụ''', mere ka ngwakọta omenala dị n’etiti ndị Okrika na ndị agbata obi ha bụ Ijaw sie ike karịa. Asụsụ arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọrịta dị n’etiti '''Kalabari na Okrika'''. Ndị Okrika na-asụ '''asụsụ Okrika''', nke yiri asụsụ Kalabari nke ndị agbata obi ha. Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ abụọ a dị iche, ha abụọ emetụtala ibe ha n’ihi mmekọrịta dị ogologo oge, azụmahịa, na ịdị nso n’ebe ala dị. Mmekọrịta a emeela ka e nwee '''ụfọdụ nghọta n’ọnụ n’etiti ndị na-asụ asụsụ abụọ ahụ''' na ụfọdụ ihe ndị yiri ibe ha n’asụsụ. A na-ahụkwa ụdị mmekọrịta a n’etiti obodo ndị agbata obi dị na '''Steeti Rivers na Steeti Bayelsa'''. Ọ bụ ezie na otu ọ bụla ka na-echekwa asụsụ nke ya na ụdị e si ede ya, myirịta ndị malitere n’ihi ọtụtụ narị afọ nke mmekọrịta enyerela aka mee ka '''nkwukọrịta na mmekọrịta ọha na eze''' dịrị n’etiti ha. Ịlụ di na nwunye adịla kemgbe ogologo oge bụrụ ihe dị mkpa n’ịkwado njikọ dị n’etiti otu abụọ a, ebe ịlụ di na nwunye n’etiti ha ka na-adịkarị ọbụna n’oge esemokwu. Na '''Okrika''', ụdị alụmdi na nwunye ọdịnala bụ usoro '''Igwa (ego isi nwanyị dị nta)''', nke n’akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ahazi mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye, njikọ ezinụlọ, na ihe nketa. N’aka nke ọzọ, alụmdi na nwunye '''Iya/Ya (ego isi nwanyị dị ukwuu)''' abụghị omenala Okrika mbụ. Ọ malitere n’etiti ndị agbata obi dịka '''Kalabari''', ebe a na-ejikọta ya na ndị eze, ndị isi, na ezinụlọ ndị bara ọgaranya n’ihi nnukwu ego ọ na-achọ na ikike ihe nketa dị elu ọ na-enye nwunye na ụmụ ya. Ka oge na-aga, ndị Okrika nakweere usoro '''Iya/Ya''' site n’obodo ndị a, jiri ya gosipụta '''ugwu na ọkwa ezinụlọ''' n’etiti ezinụlọ ndị nwere ike ịkwụ nnukwu ego isi nwanyị. Ka oge na-aga, omenala a e si n’ebe ọzọ webata ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ka ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na-akawanye mma. Na '''Okrika''', omenala gbasara ịlụ di na nwunye nwere njikọ chiri anya na usoro ihe nketa na ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n’ezinụlọ. Otu n’ime ihe ndị a ma ama n’omenala Okrika bụ na nwa agbọghọ lụrụ di ma pụọ n’ụlọ nna ya na-efukarị ikike o nwere ịkekọrịta ihe nketa n’ezinụlọ nna ya. A na-ahụ nke a dị ka otu n’ime mmetụta omenala '''Igbo''', n’ihi na n’ọtụtụ obodo Igbo, nwa nwanyị lụrụ di anaghị enwekarị otu ikike ihe nketa dịka ụmụ nwoke nọ n’ezinụlọ nna ya. N’ihi omenala a, mgbe nwanyị Okrika lụrụ di, a na-ahụkarị ka e lie ya n’obodo di ya bi kama ịkpọrọ ya lie n’ụlọ ma ọ bụ n’ogige nna ya. Alụmdi na nwunye '''Igwa''', nke a na-akwụ obere ego isi nwanyị, n’oge gara aga na-emetụta ikike nwunye na ụmụ ya nwere n’ihe nketa. Usoro nketa ahụ anaghị enye ụmụ ndị si n’alụmdi na nwunye a ohere zuru oke ịbanye n’ezinụlọ nna ha ma ọ bụ iketa ihe nna ha hapụrụ. Ma n’oge ugbu a, ihe na-agbanwe n’obodo '''Okrika'''. Ụmụ ndị a mụrụ n’alụmdi na nwunye Igwa na-enwetawanye ikike iketa ihe nna ha nwere, ọkachasị mgbe ha na nna ha bi ma ọ bụ mgbe nna ha zụlitere ha. Mgbanwe ndị a n’omenala ịlụ di na nwunye na usoro ihe nketa na-egosi na '''omenala Okrika na-agbanwe ka echiche na atụmanya ndị mmadụ si agbanwe''', ebe ụfọdụ omenala ochie ka na-adịkwa mkpa === Emume ọdịnala. === '''Emume Iria:''' Emume Iria malitere kemgbe '''narị afọ nke iri na isii'''. Ọ bụ emume a na-eme kwa afọ iji gosi na nwa agbọghọ eruola n’ogo ịbụ nwanyị. A na-eme emume a n’ama ahịa dị na '''Okrika''', obodo ochie dị na Steeti Rivers, Naịjirịa. N’oge emume ahụ, a na-eme emume ọdịnala iji nabata ụmụ agbọghọ n’ogo ịbụ ụmụ nwanyị. A na-akpọkwa ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke gaa '''ụlọ a na-echekwa ma na-elekọta ụmụ agbọghọ tupu ha eruo n’ogo ịbụ nwanyị''', ebe a na-elekọta ha nke ọma ruo mgbe emume ahụ ga-agwụ. == Ndepụta obodo na ime obodo ndị dị na Alaeze Wakirike. == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  * Abam: Abam * Abiobo: Abiobo * Abuloma: Abuloma * Amadi: Amadi * Agbkien: Agbkien * Andi-kiri: Andi-kiri * Asemeningolike: Asemeningolike * Bolo: Bolo * Daka Ama: Daka Ama * Dan-kiri: Dan-kiri * Dikibo: Dikibo * Ekerekana: Ekerekana * Ele: Ele * George: George * Gbelabo Ama: Gbelabo Ama * Ibaka: Ibaka * Ibułuya/Dikibo: Ibułuya/Dikibo * Ikiriko: Ikiriko * Ikpo-kiri: Ikpo-kiri * Isaka: Isaka * Iyo-kiri: Iyo-kiri * Kalio: Kalio * Koko Ama: Koko Ama * Mbi-kiri: Mbi-kiri * Ngbagbeboko: Ngbagbeboko * Ngolo: Ngolo * Oba: Oba * Obianime: Obianime * Obumuton-chiri: Obumuton-chiri * Odokorobie: Odokorobie * Ogan: Ogan * Ogbogbo: Ogbogbo * Ogoloma: Ogoloma * Ogu: Ogu * Ojimba: Ojimba * Okochiri: Okochiri * Okujagu: Okujagu * Okumgba: Okumgba * Okuru: Okuru * Omoaobi: Omoaobi * Omodere: Omodere * Opuada: Opuada * Otobipi: Otobipi * Owuogono: Owuogono * Ozuboko: Ozuboko * Sara: Sara * Semembiri: Semembiri * Tere: Tere * Teriapu-Kiri: Teriapu-Kiri * Wakama: Wakama - Aberepikima A na-ahazi ndị Okrika n'ime '''obodo ndị nwe onwe ha''' (autonomous communities). Okrika nwere ọtụtụ obodo ndị nwe onwe ha, nke ọ bụla nwere usoro nduzi ọdịnala nke ya, akụkọ ezinụlọ ya, na ihe nketa omenala ya. Obodo ndị a na-emekọ ihe ọnụ iji guzobe Ọchịchị Obodo Okrika (Okrika Local Government Area) na Rivers Steeti mana ha na-ejigide nnwere onwe ime obodo ha site n'usoro ọdịnala ha, karịsịa Amanyanabo (eze ọdịnala) na Nzukọ Ndị Eze/Ndị Ichie. Isi obodo ndị nwe onwe ha na Okrika gụnyere: #* '''Obodo Kirike:''' Nke a bụ ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Okrika. O nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba na ebe obibi (ụlọ ụgbọ agha) ndị chiri mgbọrọgwụ ha na ndị mbụ biri na mpaghara ahụ. Obodo Kirike ka bụ oche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọdịnala nke Alaeze Okrika. #* '''Ogbogbo:''' Obodo nwe onwe ya pụrụ iche a ma ama maka ebe ịchụ nta azụ na akụ na ụba mmiri ya. Ogbogbo na-ejigide usoro eze ọdịnala nke ya ka ọ na-esonye na nnukwu okwu gbasara Okrika. #* '''Obodo Ibaka:''' Obodo nwe onwe ya pụrụ iche a ma ama maka ebe ịchụ nta azụ na akụ na ụba mmiri ya dị ka agbụrụ ndị ọzọ, na-ejigide usoro eze ọdịnala nke ya ka ọ na-esonye na nnukwu okwu gbasara Okrika. #* '''Ogu (Obodo Ogu):''' Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikọta Ogu mgbe ụfọdụ na Okrika n'akụkụ omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme, Ogu bụ obodo nwe onwe ya nwere Amanyanabo nke ya na ụlọ ọrụ ọchịchị. O nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, alụmdi na nwunye, na omenala ya na Okrika. #* '''Na-arụ ọrụ site n'usoro ọchịchị ọdịnala nke eze (Amanyanabo) na-edu, nke ndị eze, ụlọ ụgbọ agha, na ndị okenye obodo na-akwado. Na-echekwa njirimara obodo site na ememme, aha ọdịnala, mgbanwe asụsụ, na ihe nketa nna nna. Na-achịkwa omenala ime obodo, nchịkwa ala, mgbazi esemokwu, na mmepe obodo.Bolo (Obodo Bolo):''' Bolo bụ otu ọzọ nwe onwe ya nwere usoro ikike ọdịnala guzosiri ike. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mpaghara ndịda nke mpaghara omenala Okrika, na-ejigide njikọ siri ike n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na Obodo Okrika na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu. #* '''Ogoloma (Obodo Ogoloma):''' N'ịbụ nke dị nso na mpaghara Port Harcourt, Ogoloma bụ obodo nwe onwe ya a ma ama maka ebe atụmatụ ya, azụmahịa ya, na ụlọ ọrụ omenala ya pụrụ iche. === Usoro na Ọrụ nke Obodo Ndị Nwere Onwe Ha === Obodo ọ bụla nwe onwe ya n'Okrika: * Na-arụ ọrụ site n'usoro ọchịchị ọdịnala nke eze (Amanyanabo) na-edu, nke ndị eze, ụlọ ụgbọ agha, na ndị okenye obodo na-akwado. Na-echekwa njirimara obodo site na ememme, aha ọdịnala, mgbanwe asụsụ, na ihe nketa nna nna. Na-achịkwa omenala ime obodo, nchịkwa ala, mgbazi esemokwu, na mmepe obodo. Mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ha, obodo ndị a na-emekọ ihe ọnụ n'okpuru nnukwu usoro nke Alaeze Okrika, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara omenala, mmekọrịta obodo na obodo, na nnọchiteanya n'ime Steeti Rivers. == Asụsụ == Asụsụ ndị Okrika na-asụ bụ asụsụ Okirika. Asụsụ a na-aghọta aghọta na olumba ndị gbara ya gburugburu dị ka Ibani na Kalabari. == Okpukpe == N'oge ochie, ndị Okrika bụ ndị na-efe ọtụtụ chi (polytheist), na-ekwere na chi dị iche iche na mmụọ. Ndị ọzọ bụ ndị na-ekwere na mmụọ (animist) ndị kwenyere n'ọtụtụ mmụọ gụnyere mmụọ mmiri na mmụọ ndị nna nna ha. E weere Finibeso dị ka isi chi nke ndị Okrika oge ochie ma ndị nkụzi ma ọ bụ ndị nchụàjà ya bụ ndị a kacha sọpụrụ n'etiti ndị nchụàjà ndị ọzọ. Ebe ịchụàjà Fenibeso bụ ebe kacha nsọ ma dị ukwuu. N'omenala, enweghị mmachibido iwu ọ bụla e tinyere n'ofufe chi ọ bụla. N'oge a n'Okrika, okpukpe Ndị Kraịst abụrụla okpukpe kacha ewu ewu ma nwee mmetụta, ebe St. Peter's Cathedral bụ ụlọ ụka kacha pụta ìhè n'Okrika. Otú ọ dị, okpukpe ọdịnala ka dịkọrọ ndụ n'akụkụ okpukpe Ndị Kraịst. E nwere ọtụtụ chọọchị Ndị Kraịst n'Okrika taa. Ụfọdụ n'ime chọọchị Ndị Kraịst n'Okrika bụ ndị a: Chọọchị Anglịkan, Chọọchị Mbụ Ndị Afrịka (FAC), Chọọchị Katọlik, Chọọchị Ndị Agha Kraịst (CAC), Chọọchị Assemblies of God, Chọọchị Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), Three Cross, Chọọchị Apostolic, Deeper Life, Chọọchị Seventh-Day Adventist, Greater Evangelism, El Shaidai Bible Church, Church of God Mission, The Living Faith Church (Winners Chapel), Christ Embassy, Cherubim and Seraphim, Salvation Ministries, Brotherhood of the Cross and Star, wdg [ihe e kwuru chọrọ ka e gosipụta ya]. == Gọọmentị == Ọchịchị Obodo Okrika (Okrika Local Government Area) nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Okrika, yana mpaghara Kalio, Ogoloma, Okirika, na Ogan[1]. Otu Eze ma ọ bụ Onye Isi (Chief) bụ onye isi nke Ụlọ Ụgbọ Agha (War Canoe House); dị ka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ụgbọ agha Orufingbe nke Ngeme Biri, a na-ejikwa Furos (Ezinụlọ) the mebe ụlọ ụgbọ agha[1]. == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == Mpaghara Gọọmentị Obodo Okrika nwere akụ na ụba mmanụ ala na gas sitere n'okike, ebe ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ma na-anụcha mmanụ na-enye aka nke ukwuu n'akụkụ akụ na ụba mpaghara ahụ. Ọzọ kwa, ịkụ azụ bụ otu n'ime ọrụ akụ na ụba a ma ama ndị Okrika na-arụ, ebe ọ bụ na osimiri na alaka osimiri dị n'ógbè ahụ na-eme ka e nwee nri mmiri bara ụba. Ụrụ ọrụ ugbo bụkwa otu n'ime ọrụ ndị Okrika maara nke ọma site inye aka n'ịkọ ihe ubi dị iche iche gụnyere akppà, nkwụ, ji, na plantan. Tupu mmalite ọrụ mmanụ ala na gas, ndị Okrika maara ma ka na-amakwa maka ịkụ azụ, ọrụ ugbo, na azụmahịa; ọrụ akụ na ụba ndị a na-akwado ndụ ha[1]. == Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. == Alaeze Okrika na-eche nnukwu egwu nke mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi ihu nke na-akpata ọdachi siri ike n'ala Mpaghara Gọọmentị Obodo Okrika n'ime Steeti Rivers. Mkpu ma ọ bụ ahụhụ ndị Okrika na-enwe kwa ụbọchị bụ na ha nọ n'ọnụ ọnwụ na ibi ndụ mkpụmkpụ n'ihi ya. Nri mmiri ha dị ka azụ mmiri, isaza, na oysters na-aga n'iyi ma na-apụ n'anya n'ihi kemịkalụ metụtara mmanụ sitere n'ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mmanụ nke Port Harcourt. Mmetọ ikuku bụkwa ihe ize ndụ ọzọ n'ógbè ahụ ebe ọ bụ na ọkụ gas na-ere n'ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mmanụ na gas na-akpata ya, nke nwere ike ibute nnukwu gas na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere ike iduga n'mmiri ozuzo acid na mbibi ozo, ebe ikike ọmụmụ ụmụ nwoke na-adiana n'ihi ọrụ a. Ọzọ kwa, ndụ mmiri nke alaeze Okrika na-ata ahụhụ site na nnukwu egwu nke mkpochapụ ụdị anụmanụ n'ihi mwụfu mmanụ na-aga n'ihu nke kachasị kpatara site n'ime mmanụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na imebi paịpụ n'ógbè ahụ, nke a na-ebutekwa enweghị nkwado akụ na ụba ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị bi n'ebe ahụ na ụmụ afọ bụ ndị na-akụ azụ. Ndụ mmiri na-ata ahụhụ mbụ site na mgbapụta ihe mkpofu mmanụ sitere n'ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ahụ. Ọ na-agbapụta n'ihu n'ihu nke na-aga ozokwa n'osimiri ma ọ na-agbapụta ogologo oge tupu e nwee ọrụ mmanụ iwu na-akwadoghị ma ọ bụ mbibi paịpụ[1]. Ka ọ na-erule ọnwa Maachị 2017, ndị bi n'ebe ahụ na-eme mkpesa gbasara ntụ ojii n'ikuku n'ihi mbibi nke obere ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mmanụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke pụtara n'akụkụ niile nke steeti ahụ. == Ihe odide == {{LGAs of Rivers State}}  <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|4.74|N|7.083|E}}{{LGAs of Rivers State}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Obodo dị na Naịjirịa]] [[Otú:Obodo na obodo ukwu nwere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Naịjirịa.]] [[Otú:Obodo na Ebe Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri na Naịjiria]] [[Otú:Obodo dị na Steeti Rivers.]] [[Otú:Peeji ndị na-eji ngwa ọrụ (gadget) WikiMiniAtlas.]] [[Otú:Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi kwekọrọ na Wikidata.]] dnz7ljwvn7fx45d33oew02p1f34p2nf 0 19140 728365 199578 2026-09-27T01:26:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728365 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Sara Penzo''' (amụrụ na abalị iri na isii nke ọnwa Disemba afọ 1989) bụ onye [[Italy|Ịtali]] bụbu onye oche- goolu bọọlụ nke so na egwuri egwu maka otu ụmụ nwanyị Serie A UPC Tavagnacco na otu egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ụmụ nwanyị nke Ịtali. N'afọ 2012, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A ACF Brescia, na-esote oge na Swiss Nationalliga A na-egwuri egwu maka ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke FC Basel. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Itali na 2009 na 2013 nke [[Ulfat Ara Ayesha Khanom|UEFA]] Women's Championship. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Mgbe o nyesịrị Itali aka imeri asọmpi UEFA umu nwanyị n'erubeghi afọ iri na itoolu nke afọ 2008 , na-mgbnye otu goolu na egwuregwu anọ, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu UEFA Women'S Euro 2009 dị ka onye na-esote [[Anna Maria Schwegelin|Anna Maria]] Picarelli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/woco/players/Player=1901152/index.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20131207154415/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/woco/players/Player=1901152/index.html|archivedate=7 December 2013|title=Sara Penzo|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Penzo gbara egwuregwu nke mbụ ya nye Ịtali na Machị 2010, na mmeri goolu atọ asatara abụọ nke England na ''2010 Cyprus Cup'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.figc.it/other/Brochure2013/ITALIA_EuropeoFemminile2013_Bassa.pdf|publisher=[[Italian Football Federation]]|language=Italian|accessdate=7 December 2013|title=Italia Campionato Europeo Femminile Svezia 10 - 28 Luglio 2013|format=PDF}}</ref> Onye nkuzi mba Antonio Cabrini kpọrọ Penzo na nhọpụta ya maka UEFA Women's Euro 2013 na Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/news/newsid=1968336.html|title=Cabrini finalises Italy's Women's EURO squad|date=1 July 2013|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150127191756/http://www.uefa.com/womensworldcup/teams/player=1901152/index.html Sara Penzo] Profaịlụ UEFA * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120925225318/http://www.fcb.ch/sport/show/playerDetailByID/-/31053/159/9/158/en-uk/-/25869 Sara Penzo] FC Basel profaịlụ * [http://femminile.football.it/schedagiocatore.php?id_tiposcheda=2&id_annualita=12&id_giocatore=224 Sara Penzo] na Football.it (n'asụsụ Italian) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g6a6grp0yiw9xge344ncbwonec2tffi 0 19144 728344 199849 2026-09-26T23:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rose Reilly''' MBE (amụrụ n'abali abụọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1955), onye aha ya bụ '''Rose Peralta''', bụ onye Scotland bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị, onye na-anọchite anya ndị otu bọọlụ ndị inyom Scotland na ndị otu bọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Ịtali. == Ọrụ klọb == [[Usòrò:Rose_Reilly_a_9_anni.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Rose_Reilly_a_9_anni.jpg/220px-Rose_Reilly_a_9_anni.jpg|alt=At Stewarton: Rose Reilly, aged 9 years old, shows the other children what she can do with a football.|thumb|Na Stewarton: Rose Reilly, onye dị afọ itoolu, na-egosi ụmụaka ndị ọzọ ihe ọ nwere ike ime na bọọlụ.]] A mụrụ Rose na Kilmarnock ma zụlite ya na Stewarton na East Ayrshire, Scotland, Reilly malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa na klọb ụmụ nwoke Stewarton United ma n'otu oge dọtara mmasị nke ndị scouts si n'akụkụ Glasgow Celtic.<ref name="Turnbull07">{{Cite news|author=Turnbull|first=Simon|title=How the original Gregory's Girl lived her dream of dreams|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/how-the-original-gregorys-girl-lived-her-dream-of-dreams-441716.html|work=[[The Independent]]|date=25 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406085202/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/how-the-original-gregorys-girl-lived-her-dream-of-dreams-441716.html|archive-date=6 April 2009|access-date=19 August 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> A hapụrụ ya ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ na klọb ahụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ na ọ ga akpụ ntutu isi ya ma kpọọ onwe ya "Ross".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banned by Scotland, so Rose won the World Cup with Italy instead|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1QZRzRJMZ4pyt9yRphyr8kt/banned-by-scotland-so-rose-won-the-world-cup-with-italy-instead|accessdate=2021-08-11|work=[[BBC Scotland]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> O gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya nke ụmụ nwanyị Stewarton Thistle Ladies na afo 1965 megide Johnston Red & White Rockets. O sonyekwara asọmpi na Hughie Green's Women's Football Tournament ruo na ngwụcha mpaghara, ọ bụkwa onye nsonye nke Stewarton nke weliri iko Scotland mbụ na afọ 1971 wee ruo na ngwụsị nke mbụ nke iko WFA n'otu afọ ahụ. N'afọ 1972 ọ kwagara Westthorn Utd ebe ọ meriri okpukpu atọ nke iko asọmpi Scottish,iko League na asọmpi League mbụ. Westthorn rụkwara na ngwụcha nke asọmpi iko WFA na mmeri ọkpụ abụọ ha asataghị̀ otu nke ndi Southampton meriri ya. Mmasi igba bọọlụ nke ọma mere ka Reilly kwaga n'akụkụ ụmụ nwanyị French bụ Reims n'afọ 1974.<ref name="Turnbull07"/> Scottish Women's FA gosiri nwunye ha site na omume na nkatọ sitere n'aka Reilly na ndị egwuregwu abụọ ndị ọzọ, Edna Neillis na Elsie Cook, site n'ịmachibido ha iwu ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/ayrshire-rose-cultivates-a-love-affair-with-the-beautiful-game-1.188034|title=Ayrshire Rose cultivates a love affair with the beautiful game|accessdate=11 January 2011|author=Doug Gillan|date=12 May 2001|work=The Herald}}</ref> Mgbe ọnwa isii gachara na Reims, ACF Milan zụrụ Reilly ma kpọọ maka otu ụmụ nwanyị ọkachamara ruo afọ anọ, na-emeri aha league abụọ na usoro ahụ (nke asatọ ọ ga-emeri n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Ịtali). N'ịgbaso oge mbụ ya na Milan, Reilly gara n'ihu na-agba bọọlụ Ịtali ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ gụnyere oge ya na ụmụ nwanyị nke Catania<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ilquaderno.wordpress.com/2010/10/12/il-calcio-rosa-e-vincente-di-catania/|title=Il calcio rosa e vincente di Catania|first=Roberto|author=Sammito|date=12 October 2010}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130419063331/http://jolly-componibili-catania.co.tv/it (Italian) Rose Reilly at Jolly Componibili Catania].</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mimmorapisarda.it/SPORT.htm|title=Black and white picture of Jolly Componibili Cutispoti Catania with Reilly - about a third of the way down|work=www.mimmorapisarda.it}}</ref> na Lecce.<ref name="Turnbull07"/> Reilly meriri akpụkpọ ụkwụ bọọlụ ọla edo nke Serie A nke ugboro abụọ n'oge afọ 1978 na 1981, ma nye goolu irí anọ na ato na iri anọ na ise (gụnyere Iko Ịtali).<ref name="herald">{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/reilly-rightly-at-home-in-hall-of-fame-1.868848|title=Reilly rightly at home in Hall of Fame|accessdate=11 January 2011|author=Hugh MacDonald|date=12 November 2007|work=The Herald}}</ref> N'afọ 1978, ọ meriri n'asọmpi n'Ịtali na France, na-agba egwuregwu nke Lecce n'abalị Satọdee wee gaa France iji gbaa egwuregwu nke Reims n'ehihie Sọnde.<ref name="Turnbull07" /> O mechara laa ezumike nká mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ, ebe ọ meriri nrite Serie A asatọ, otu nke French na iko anọ nke Ịtali.<ref name="record">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mundialito-women.html|title=Mundialito (Women) 1982-1988|work=www.rsssf.com}}</ref><ref name="herald"/> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == N'agbanyeghi na o mere egwuregwu ugboro iri nye obodo ya Scotland ma ghara inwe njikọ ọ bụla na Ịtali tupu ọ kwaga ACF Milan, a họpụtara Reilly maka otu ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Ịtali ma họpụta ya dịka onye egwuregwu kachasị mma na otu Ịtali nke meriri Mundialito n'afọ 1984, onye na-abụghị onye isi na iko ụwa ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>Note that this was a female club, as A.C.F. means "Associazione Calcio Femminile" (italian for Womens' Football Club)" and was not sponsored nor hosted by the [[AC Milan]] (Associazione Calcio Milan) which was not related to the females' team in those years. AC Milan added a females' team later on, in 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football-news/scottish-football/2007/11/13/scot-who-won-the-world-cup-with-italy-86908-20099427/|title=Scot Who Won the World Cup With Italy|accessdate=18 November 2007}}</ref> A kọrọ na onye isi ndị otu Reilly gbara na mmeri ikpeazụ nke 3 Xia1 megide West Germany na obodo Caorle nke dị n'ebe ugwu Ịtali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesw/women-worldcup.html|title=Women's World Cup}}</ref> Na mbipụta 1985 nke Mundialito, Reilly gosipụtara na mmeri Italy meriri otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba United States, na-anọchi Viviana Bontacchio na nkeji iri isii na atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ITALIA-USA|url=http://www.figc.it/nazionali/TabellinoGara?squadra=13&codiceGara=1711|publisher=[[Italian Football Federation]]|accessdate=28 February 2015|language=it}}</ref> Ọ bụ nke mbụ ndị otu America pụtara na mba ụwa. == Nsọpụrụ na onyinye == N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2007, a kpọbatara Reilly n'ime ọmụmụ Egwuregwu Scottish, yana ebe na Ụlọ Nzukọ Football Scottish na-esote na Nọvemba nke afọ ahụ.<ref name="PFAMerit">[http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_fa_news.cfm?page=1986&newsCategoryID=26&newsID=7749 Rose picks up PFA Scotland Award] Scottish Football Association. 10 May 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2014.</ref><ref name="Scotsman 12Nov2007">{{Cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/competitions/premiership/nine-hoisted-into-scotland-s-proud-hall-of-fame-1-699374|title=Nine hoisted into Scotland's proud Hall of Fame|work=The Scotsman|date=12 November 2007|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref> Reilly nwetara onyinye pụrụ iche nke PFA Scotland Merit Award na 2011 wee bụrụ nwanyị mbụ natara ya.<ref name="PFAMerit"/> Ihe osise nke Rose Reilly nọ n'etiti etiti n'ihe ngosi ọhụrụ nke Scottish Football Museum na-eme emume afọ otu narị na iri atọ nke bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị na Scotland na July 2012.<ref>[http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_fa_news.cfm?page=1961&newsCategoryID=3&newsID=10241 First Ladies of Scottish Football] Scottish Football Association. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2014.</ref> E nyere Rose nzere dọkịta nsọpụrụ site na Mahadum Glasgow Caledonian (GCU) n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Order of the British Empire (MBE) na 2020 New Year Honours maka ọrụ na bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'afọ 2001, Reilly biri na Stewarton na di ya [[Argentina|onye Argentina]] Norberto Peralta na nwa ya nwanyị bụ, Valentina.<ref name="record"/> == Edensibia == <references group="" responsive="0"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220811122522/https://scottishfootballhalloffame.co.uk/rose-reilly-1955/ Profaịlụ Scottish Hall of Fame] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uB8NhzJ8ulA 'Obi Scotland na-akụ n'okpuru uwe elu Ịtali' - onye mmeri World Cup Rose Reilly] (vidiyo) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ng2cl7bsa5f651cxudog3y377p82i9m 0 19168 728266 540903 2026-09-26T17:17:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Ikuforiji Olaitan Abdulrahman''' (amụrụ na 22 Eprel 1997), nke a maara dịka '''Oxlade''', bụ onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu na Naijiria nke bịanyere aka na Troniq Music, Epic Records na France, na Columbia Records na UK.<ref name="The Nation Newspaper NG">{{Cite web|title=Oxlade signs new deal with Columbia Records|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/oxlade-signs-new-deal-with-columbia-records/|work=The Nation Newspaper|accessdate=19 March 2022|date=10 March 2022}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama site na ntọhapụ nke egwu "Away", nke pụtara na egwu iri ise kachasị mma nke Rolling Stone ''nke'' 2020. A kpọrọ Oxlade onye mbụ Pandora Africa's Next Artist na July 2022.<ref name="GRUNGECAKE">{{Cite web|title=Oxlade talks constant surge of emerging artists in Nigeria, making a name for himself in the states, and more on Pandora's 'Africa's Next'|url=https://grungecake.com/oxlade-africas-next-pandora/articles/91095|work=grungecake.com|accessdate=14 July 2022|archivedate=14 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714010653/https://grungecake.com/oxlade-africas-next-pandora/articles/91095}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Ikuforiji Olaitan Abdulrahman na 22 Eprel 1997 na Surulere, ebe obibi nke dị na [[Lagos]]. Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị mgbe ọ dị obere, nna ya na nne nne ya zụlitere ya. Nna ya bụ onye nkuzi na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Lagos|Mahadum Lagos State]], ebe ọ natara ikike ịmụ [[Ákíkó mbu|akụkọ ihe mere eme]] na mmekọrịta mba ụwa. Ọ debanyere aha afọ abụọ tupu ọ kwụsị iji wee chụsoo ọrụ egwu ya. N'afọ 2018, onye isi A&R Bizzle Osikoya bịakwutere ya, ozugbo [[Blaqbonez]] tọhapụrụ "Mamiwota", na Bad Boy Blaq EP, nke e wepụtara site na 100 Crowns, akara nke Chocolate City. Mgbe ya na Bizzle zutere, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta njikwa na The Plug.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade signed to The Plug|url=https://plugng.com/music/Oxade|work=plugng.com|accessdate=10 November 2021|language=en|archivedate=11 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111005547/https://plugng.com/music/Oxade}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbipụta, ikikere na nkesa na The Plug Entertainment, na nkwekọ ndekọ na Troniq Music.<ref name="The Guardian Nigeria">{{Cite web|title=Oxygene… A Bold Beginning For Oxlade|url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/oxygene-a-bold-beginning-for-oxlade/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=10 November 2021|date=9 May 2020|archivedate=11 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111005545/https://guardian.ng/life/music/oxygene-a-bold-beginning-for-oxlade/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, [[Davido]] kwere ka Oxlade rụọ ọrụ na City of David concert na [[Lagos]], ọ meghere maka [[Wizkid]] na London na Star Boy Fest na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade of Afrobeats|url=https://www.redbull.com/ng-en/oxlade-of-afrobeats|work=www.redbull.com|accessdate=10 November 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, ọ wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka Away, nke [[TG Omori]] duziri maka Troniq Music. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, ọ gwara, Tami Makinde nke The Native, [[TG Omori]] nyere ya ntụziaka, ka ọ nọdụ n'apata ụkwụ nwanyị ya iji gosipụta okwu a ma ama "n'azụ nwoke ọ bụla nwere ihe ịga nke ọma bụ nwanyị".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade's latest video "Away" is a celebration of a woman's power|url=https://thenativemag.com/oxlade-takes-us-gold-coast-video-latest-single-away/|work=The NATIVE|accessdate=10 November 2021|date=15 April 2020}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2020, Drake weputara ihe nkiri na akụkọ Instagram ya, na-ege ntị na Away.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why should anyone care that Drake is listening to Oxlade|url=https://thenativemag.com/anyone-care-drake-listening-oxlade/|work=The NATIVE|accessdate=10 November 2021|date=8 November 2020}}</ref> Ozugbo onye na-eti egwu nke Canada mere post ahụ, ọ nwetara ndị nkiri dị nde ato n'ime awa ịrị abụọ na anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=HipHopDX|title=Drake Co-Sign Gave Nigerian Artist Oxlade 3M Streams In A Day|url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.65454/title.drake-co-sign-nigerian-artist-oxlade-3-million-streams|work=HipHopDX|accessdate=10 November 2021|date=27 October 2021|archivedate=11 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111005545/https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.65454/title.drake-co-sign-nigerian-artist-oxlade-3-million-streams}}</ref> O nwetara nkwado a ma ama site na egwu egwu ya "Away", nke e wepụtara dị ka otu egwu site na EP ya ''Oxygene'', nke e weputara site na Troniq Music, na The Plug Entertainment, na 27 Machị 2020. "Away" pụtara na ọnụọgụ ịrị abụọ na atọ na chaatị ngwụcha afọ nke 2020 nke Nigerian <nowiki><i id="mwOQ">TurnTable</i></nowiki> Top 50. Ọ wepụtara "DKT" n'onwe ya na 3 Septemba 2020 na vidiyo egwu ya na 10 Mee 2021, nke Dammy Twitch mere vidiyo ya ma duzie.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Onabanjo|first=Adedamola|title=Watch The Dramatic Dammy Twitch Directed Video For Oxlade's 'DKT'|url=https://culturecustodian.com/oxlade-dkt-video/|work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)|accessdate=10 November 2021|date=11 May 2021}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2021, mmekorita ya na Dolapo, na Ms Banks na egwu ha "Interest", mere ka ọ banye mbanye nke mbụ ya na Capital XTRA Airplay Chart na ọnụọgụ iri na otu na 18 Febụwarị 2021. ma nwetakwara ya, ntinye ọrụ mbụ ya na UK Afrobeats Singles Chart na nọmba iri, ma nọrọ izu iri na abụọ n'usoro na chaatị. Na 15 Jenụwarị 2021, Capone wepụtara ma duzie vidiyo egwu maka "Interest".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tv|first=Bn|title=New Video: Dolapo feat. Ms Banks & Oxlade – Interest|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/01/dolapo-ms-banks-oxlade-interest-video/|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=11 November 2021|date=16 January 2021}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, ọ nwetara ntinye nke abụọ ya na UK Afrobeats Singles Chart na egwu ya "Ojuju", nke dị ugbu a na chaatị maka izu ise n'usoro, kemgbe 3 Ọktoba. Ọ bịakwara n'ọkwa iri na atọ na chaatị ''TurnTable'' Top 50 kwa izu nke Naịjirịa.<ref name="ReferenceC">Peaks in Nigeria: </ref> Na 3 Septemba 2021, ọ wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka "Ojuju", nke Ademola Falomo duziri ma mepụta. E gosipụtara ya na otu "Kolo" nke Ice [[Ice Prince|Prince]], nke nọrọ izu iri na asatọ n'usoro na chaatị, wee ruo n'ọkwa asatọ na chaatụ ''TurnTable'' Top 50 kwa izu.<ref name="ReferenceF">{{Cite web|author=Cusson|first=Michael|title=Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-u-s-afrobeats-songs/2022-03-29/|work=Billboard|accessdate=30 March 2022|date=29 March 2022}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Machị 2021, onye nduzi UAX wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka "Kolo".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tv|first=Bn|title=New Music + Video: Ice Prince feat. Oxlade – Kolo|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/03/ice-prince-oxlade-kolo/|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=11 November 2021|date=11 March 2021}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya na ''egwu'' "Overdue" site na Coming 2 America soundtrack album Rhythms of Zamunda, nke Sipho Dlamini haziri, wee wepụta ya na 5 Machị 2021, site na Def Jam Recordings Africa, na Def Jam Records. N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst n'afọ 2021, Troniq Music, na Oxlade, wepụtara egwu anọ gbatịrị agbatị Eclipse, nke [[DJ Coublon]] mepụtara, site na Troniq music, na Epic Records France.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Alake|first=Motolani|title=Oxlade serves a timely reminder of his potential on 'Eclipse' [Pulse EP Review]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-oxlade-and-troniq-music-eclipse-ep/xyw2dfq|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=11 November 2021|language=en|date=23 August 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2021, Oxlade mere "Slow Down" nke Skip Marley mere maka usoro weebụ Grammy nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Reimagined At Home .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade Performs Skip Marley's "Slow Down"|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/reimagined-at-home-oxlade-performs-skip-marley-cover-slow-down|work=GRAMMY.com|accessdate=11 November 2021|language=en|date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111005556/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/reimagined-at-home-oxlade-performs-skip-marley-cover-slow-down|archive-date=11 November 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 10 Maachị 2022, Oxlade bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ ya na Columbia Records UK.<ref name="The Nation Newspaper NG"/> Na 18 Maachị 2022, ọ wepụtara "Want You", egwu mbụ ya na 2022, otu ọnwa mgbe mkparị mmekọahụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade Makes Comeback With ‘Want You’|url=https://guardian.ng/life/oxlade-makes-comeback-with-want-you/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=19 March 2022|date=18 March 2022}}</ref> Ọ bụ TMXO mepụtara egwu ahụ, Spax gwakọtakwara ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Music: Oxlade – Want You|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/03/new-music-oxlade-want-you/|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=19 March 2022|date=18 March 2022}}</ref> E wepụtara vidiyo egwu ahụ na 18 Maachị 2022, nke onye nduzi UAX duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade Teases Video Snippet Of New Song 'Want You' {{!}} WATCH|url=https://notjustok.com/news/oxlade-teases-video-snippet-of-new-song-want-you/|work=NotjustOk|accessdate=19 March 2022|date=16 March 2022}}</ref> Na 10 June 2022, ọ wepụtara "Ku Lo Sa", maka ColorsxStudios.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria">{{Cite web|author=Adebiyi|first=Adeayo|title=Oxlade drops new single 'KU LO SA' for A Colors Show|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/oxlade-premieres-new-single-ku-lo-sa-on-a-colors-show/jrbb53g|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=14 July 2022|language=en|date=10 June 2022}}</ref> Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, a tọhapụtara vidiyo na-eme ihe nkiri na Colors YouTube channel, nke natara ihe karịrị ndị nkiri otu nde na YouTube ka ọ na-erule Julaị 14, 2022.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria" /> Na 19 Jụn 2022, ọ malitere n'ọnụ nke ịrị na otu na Official Afrobeats Chart Top 20 chart, wee ruo ọnụ ọgụgụ nke asatọ na 10 Julaị 2022, kpọmkwem otu ọnwa mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Afrobeats Chart Top 20|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/afrobeats-chart/20220619/afrobeat/|work=www.officialcharts.com|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=14 July 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Official Charts Company">{{Cite web|title=Official Afrobeats Chart Top 20|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/afrobeats-chart/20220710/afrobeat/|work=Official Charts Company|accessdate=14 July 2022|language=en}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2022, ọ malitere na ọnụọgụ nke ịrị isii na isii na chaatị <nowiki><i id="mwdQ">TurnTable</i></nowiki> Nigeria Top 100.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TurnTable Nigeria Top 100|url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/charts/1|work=TurnTable|accessdate=14 July 2022}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2022, a kpọrọ Oxlade onye mbụ Pandora Africa's Next Artist.<ref name="GRUNGECAKE"/> N'oge mkparịta ụka ha, ọ kwuru banyere mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ndị na-agu egwu na Naijiria na ime onwe ya aha na America, Afro pop, na uto ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị nwere nkà na-eto ngwa ngwa site na Africa.<ref name="GRUNGECAKE" /> Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ọ rụrụ "Want You" maka Pandora Africa's Next Radio.<ref name="GRUNGECAKE" /> == Arụmụka == N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Oxlade merụrụ ahụ n'oge ngagharị iwe EndSARS na Surulere, mpaghara azụmahịa na [[Lagos]]. Ndị bi na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe kọọrọ ọnọdụ ahụ na hashtag #EndSARS, na vidiyo nke onye njikwa Oxlade Ojah'B, onye a hụrụ ka a na-eti ya ihe ka ndị uwe ojii jiri ike mechie ngagharị iwe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade injured, manager arrested as #EndSARS protest turns violent|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/endsars-oxlade-injured-manager-arrested-as-protest-turns-violent-in-lagos/|work=TheCable Lifestyle|accessdate=19 March 2022|date=12 October 2020}}</ref> N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2022, e wepụtara teepu mmekọahụ nke Oxlade site na Snapchat, wee ghọọ isiokwu na-ewu ewu na Twitter.<ref name="Premium Times Nigeria">{{Cite web|title=How Oxlade's nude photos, sex tape leaked on Snapchat|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/510546-how-oxlades-nude-photos-sex-tape-leaked-on-snapchat.html|work=Premium Times Nigeria|accessdate=19 March 2022|date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Premium Times Nigeria" /> Na 10 Febụwarị 2022, nwanyị ahụ gosipụtara na vidiyo ahụ kpughere ebumnuche ya ịgba Oxlade akwụkwọ maka nde naira iri abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade in another trouble!|url=https://www.alimoshotoday.com/entertainment/oxlade-in-another-trouble-5061151|work=AlimoshoToday|accessdate=19 March 2022|language=en}}</ref> Na 12 Febụwarị 2022, Oxlade rịọrọ ndị na-akwado ya na nwanyị ahụ nọ na vidiyo ahụ mgbaghara na Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sex tape: Singer Oxlade apologises to fans, lady in video|url=https://punchng.com/sex-tape-singer-oxlade-apologises-to-fans-lady-in-video/|work=Punch Newspapers|accessdate=19 March 2022|date=12 February 2022}}</ref> == Nkà == Olu ya dị ka Efe Ukpebor nke Nigeria Entertainment Today kọwara, bụ "dị nro", nke nwere ngwakọta egwu na-enweghị ntụpọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Oxlade, the Nigerian Pop Artiste You Should Look Out For|url=https://thenet.ng/meet-oxlade-nigerian-pop-artiste/|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=10 November 2021|date=11 May 2020}}</ref> Ọ na-akọwa ụda ya dị ka àkwà mmiri dị n'etiti Alte (Afro-fusion/experimental music expressions) na mainstream.<ref name="The Guardian Nigeria"/> Okwu ya bụ ngwakọta nke Bekee, na asusu Pidgin English, na-enyocha isiokwu ndị dị ugbu a dịka ịhụnanya. == Nkọwapụta == === EPs === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke egwu EP na nkọwa ndị ahọpụtara ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" |Aha ya ! scope="col" style="width:23em;" |Nkọwa EP |- ! scope="row" |''Oxygen'' | * A tọhapụrụ ya: 27 Machị 2020 * Label: Troniq Music, The Plug Entertainment * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ, iyi |- ! scope="row" |Eclipse | * A tọhapụrụ ya: 20 Ọgọstụ 2021 * Akara: Troniq Music, Epic * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ, iyi |} === Egwú ndị dị otu otu === ==== Dị ka onye ndú egwu ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke ndị na-alụbeghị di, na ọnọdụ chaatị ahọpụtara ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:18em;" |Aha ya ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Afọ ! colspan="5" scope="col" |Ọnọdụ chaatị kachasị elu ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:18.5em;" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NG<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref name="ReferenceC">Peaks in Nigeria: </ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NLDTip<nowiki><br id="mwyA"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=st&date=20220820&year=2022|title=Dutch Single Tip 20/08/2022|work=dutchcharts.nl|language=nl|accessdate=20 August 2022}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NZHot<nowiki><br id="mwzg"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5383|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=22 August 2022|accessdate=20 August 2022|archivedate=22 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822193157/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5383}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |UK<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxlade {{!}} full Official Chart History|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/61174/oxlade/|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|accessdate=10 November 2021}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USAfro<nowiki><br id="mw2Q"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><br /><br /><br /><br /><ref name="ReferenceF"/> |- ! scope="row" |"Away" | rowspan="2" |2020 |Alpha 1 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |''Oxygen'' |- ! scope="row" |"DKT" |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị | {{n/a|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Ojuju" |2021 |13 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Alpha 2 |Ọdịdị |''Ikuku chi jiri n'ehihie'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ọ chọrọ ka ị bụrụ" | rowspan="2" |2022 |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Ọdịdị |Alpha 3] |47 | rowspan="2" {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |"Ku Lo Sa" |49 |2 |22 |60 |Ọdịdị |} ==== Dị ka onye a kpọrọ n'egwu ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Ndepụta nke ndị na-agụ egwú dị ka onye na-ese ihe, na ọnọdụ chaatị ahọpụtara ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" |Aha ya ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Afọ ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Ọnọdụ chaatị kachasị elu ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NG<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |UKAfro.[elu-alpha 4]<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki><br id="mwASA"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki> |- ! scope="row" |"Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị" (<small>ya na Dolago na</small> Ms Banks) | rowspan="2" |2021 |Ọdịdị |10 | {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |"Kolo" (Ice <small>[[Ice Prince|Prince]]</small> <small>na-egosi Oxlade</small>) |8<ref>{{Cite web|title=TurnTable Top 50: Teni's "For You" returns to No. 1|url=https://thenativemag.com/turntable-top-50-chart-tenis-returns-no-1-spot/|work=The Native|accessdate=10 November 2021|date=12 April 2021}}</ref> |Ọdịdị | {{TBA}} |} == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |- |2020 |''Dị Ka Onye Na-ele Anya'' |Oxlade |Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri |} == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Ụdị !Onye a họpụtara / Ọrụ !Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |African Entertainment Awards USA |Onye Ọhụrụ Kasị Mma | rowspan="5" |"Oxlade" |{{Nom}} |- |All Africa Music Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma, Duo ma ọ bụ Group na African RnB & Soul |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |City People Music Awards |Onye na-ese ihe na-esote (nwoke) |{{Nom}} |- |Ndị isi |Nke Na-esote |{{Nom}} |- |2019 |Ndị isi |Onye mbido nke afọ |{{Nom}} |} == Ndetụ == == Ebensidee == <references /> [[Òtù:Ndi égwú nke Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 46e1x5mtfi6dwusywco2wk424m0zq8r 0 19476 728265 131076 2026-09-26T17:14:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Ojota road showing MKO Abiola graden and a board descried a way to Oworonshoki and Ikorodu.jpg|thumb| Ojota road showing MKO Abiola graden and a board descried a way to Oworonshoki and Ikorodu]] Oworonshoki bụ ógbè dị na [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos]] State, Nigeria . Obodo a nọ n'okpuru [[Kosofe]] Local Government Area nke Steeti Lagos.<ref name="APS">{{Cite journal|title=Female genital mutilation (FGM) and sexual functioning of married women in Oworonshoki Community, Lagos State, Nigeria|url=https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/bitstream/handle/123456789/5073/Female%20genital%20mutilation%20%28FGM%29%20and%20sexual%20functioning%20of%20married%20women%20in%20Oworonshoki%20Community%2C%20Lagos%20State%2C%20Nigeria.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|author=John Lekan Oyefara|journal=African Population Studies|volume=29|year=2015|accessdate=4 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904153254/https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/bitstream/handle/123456789/5073/Female%20genital%20mutilation%20(FGM)%20and%20sexual%20functioning%20of%20married%20women%20in%20Oworonshoki%20Community,%20Lagos%20State,%20Nigeria.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=4 September 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Genus">{{Cite journal|title=Female genital mutilation (FGM) and theory of promiscuity: myths, realities and prospects for change in Oworonshoki Community, Lagos State, Nigeria|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1002.8223&rep=rep1&type=pdf|author=Lekan John Oyefara|journal=Genus: Journal of Population Sciences|volume=LXX|pages=7-33|accessdate=4 September 2021}}</ref> N'ihe gbasara ala, Oworonshoki bụ ihe dị mkpa na steeti Lagos ka ọ na-ejikọ mpaghara Mainland na Island nke Lagos site na Third Mainland Bridge. Ọ na-enwekwa ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Apapa Oworonshoki Expressway. [[Usòrò:Oworonshoki garage.jpg|thumb| Oworonshoki garage]] N'okpuru Kosofe Local Government Area, Oworonshoki nwere ngalaba abụọ, Ward A na Ward B.<ref name="APS" /><ref name="Genus" /><ref name="KosofeVoice">{{Cite web|title=Brief History of Kosofe Local Government|url=https://kosofevoice.com/index.php/2019/08/30/brief-history-of-kosofe-local-government/|publisher=Kosofe Voice|date=30 August 2019|accessdate=4 September 2021|archivedate=4 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904153254/https://kosofevoice.com/index.php/2019/08/30/brief-history-of-kosofe-local-government/}}</ref> Okporo ụzọ kachasị ogologo na Oworonshoki bụ okporo ụzọ Oworo. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}https://www.channelstv.com/2021/12/03/in-lagos-district-slum-party-brings-hope-and-life/ [[Òtù:Ebe ndị mmadụ bi na Lagos]] 6cgeqsolsthfr0vtq4o4wwdk47sa9kn 0 20573 728256 183939 2026-09-26T16:29:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728256 wikitext text/x-wiki Orlu [1] bụ obodo nke abụọ kacha na ndịda ọdịda ọwụwa anyanwụ , Imo Steeti, Naijiria, nwere mmadụ puku narị anọ na iri abụo, narị isii.  [2] O nwere ogologo ihe mere eme dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ịdị n'Otu Africa (OAU) na ụlọ ọrụ ịpụta akwụkwọ n'oge agha obodo Naijiria na Biafra .  Obodo ahụ nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria nke ndị Cheshire nke Britain.  Ọ bụ obodo nke abụọ kacha mepere emepe na-esote Owerri na steeti Imo . == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == == Azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ == Orlu bụ ebe ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ewu, a na-akpọkwa ya "isi obodo azụmahịa" nke Imo steeti.  Ọtụtụ ndị ọchụnta ego na ndị ọchụnta ego Naijiria na-eme nke ọma sitere na mpaghara ọchịchị ime obodo iri na otu mebere Orlu Senatorial Zone.  Ha gụnyere Orsu, Isu, Njaba, Nwangele, Nkwerre, Ideato ugwu ,Ideato ndịda, Oru ọdịda, Oru West, Ohaji/Egbema, na Oguta.  The city center of the local government area is within the host towns of Amaifeke, Ihioma/Ebenese, Umuna, Umuowa, Umutanze, Okporo, Orlu-Gedegwum,Amike and Owerre-Ebeiri.  Mgbe LGA niile dị na mpaghara agụnyere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Orlu na-erute ndị bi na 3,000,000. Orlu bụ ebe na-adịgide adịgide maka ụlọ dị iche iche ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ etiti dị ka ụlọ Imo State University Teaching Hospital, ụlọ ọrụ kaadiboodu nke steeti dị na Owerri-Ebeiri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ Nọọsụ na nká ahụike Imo Steeti na Okporo yana ọtụtụ obere.  na ọkara-sized chemical na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ.  Azụmahịa mba ụwa nke Imo multipurpose nke nwere otu n'ime aha aha ọgwụ atɔ kacha emetụta na West Africa dabere na Orlu n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ Orlulite dị elu na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na kemịkalụ.  N'ihi ya, onye Zonal Orlu nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ndị na-ahụ ọgwụ na ndị na-ere aha na mpaghara Africa dum. Ogige osisi Ogbosisi dị n'ime mpaghara Orlu Urban na-agbasa ngwa ngwa na etiti obodo. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ mbata na ọpụpụ nke Nigeria (NITS) dị na Umuowa na Technological Skills Acquisition Center (TESAC) dịkwa n'ime obodo ahụ. == Ememme omenala == Ọtụtụ obodo dị na Orlu na-eme mmemme omenala. </link>Ndị Orlu enyela onyinye dị mkpa na agụmakwụkwọ, egwuregwu, na ndọrọ ndọrọ <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">Nigeria</span>]]''</sup> [[Naijiria|.]] Orlu bu obodo ndi Igbo nke Naijiria. <ref name="Aham-Okoro 2017 p.">{{Cite book|author=Aham-Okoro|first=S.U.|title=Igbo Women in the Diaspora and Community Development in Southeastern Nigeria: Gender, Migration, and Development in Africa|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4985-4429-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1icnDwAAQBAJ|accessdate=9 Apr 2023}}</ref> == Ndị ama ama == Ndị ama ama n'ezina ndị na-achị achị Eze Patrick I Ibeakanma Acholonu, onye omebe iwu nke mbụ na-anya anya ngalaba Orlu/Okigwe ( ugbu a Orlu Zone na Okigwe Zone) na Federation ochie nke Nigeria yana 1st Republic ;  [2] [3] the late Justice Ignatius Chukwudi Pats Acholonu, onye mbụ Orụrụ ekpere onye ọka ikpe Supreme Court;  Dọkịnta Douglas Acholonu, onye bụbu osote ụdị Imo steeti na 3rd Republic;  Dr. Oriakụ Catherine Acholonu, onye edemede, onye nchacha, onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye ebe iche nye President Obasanjo na 4th Republic;  Eze Dr. Patrick II Chinedu Acholonu, Igwe XI, Duru IX of Orlu Gedegwum . Onye egwuregwu egwuregwu bụ Samuel Okwaraji gburu n'ịgba egwu sitere na Umudioka Orlu, ihe ngosi aha nnukwu ama egwuregwu obodo ahụ bụ Umuowa.  Aka na-achị ahụ bụbu Chief Achike Udenwa, sitere na Amaifeke Orlu mgbe ọ bụ nhọrọ gara aga, ma bụrụ onye Senator ugbu a na-anya anya Imo West Senatorial District na Louis oche oche nke Houselọ Kọmitii na Culture & Tourism Owelle Rochas Okorocha si  Ogboko ebe Eastern Palm University dị.  dị, na obodo ahụ.  ami Senatorial Orlu ndị ọnụla ndị ọchịchị kacha elu na steeti Imo Ndị ọzọ ama ama gụnyere: * [[Ada Jesus]] – Nigerian actress and comedienne <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Five things you didn't know about Ada Jesus|url=https://punchng.com/five-things-you-didnt-know-about-ada-jesus/|accessdate=2021-06-28|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Seven things you may not know about Ada Jesus {{!}} The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/seven-things-you-may-not-know-about-ada-jesus/|accessdate=2021-06-28|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Comedian Ada Jesus dies after kidney ailment and her fallout with Prophet Odumejeje|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/comedian-ada-jesus-dies-after-kidney-ailment-and-her-fallout-with-prophet-odumejeje/1khrcp5|accessdate=2021-06-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-28|title=Prophet Ndabosky, Rita Edochie keep mum over Ada Jesus burial|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/prophet-ndabosky-rita-edochie-keep-mum-over-ada-jesus-burial/|accessdate=2021-06-28|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * Joseph Chukwudi Obidiaso – footballer <ref>{{Cite web|title=CHUKWUDI JOSEPH OBIDIASO|url=http://www.ktff.org/InfoBank/PlayerDetails/15675|work=ktff.org|publisher=[Cyprus Turkish Football Association]|language=English|accessdate=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224160047/http://www.ktff.org/InfoBank/PlayerDetails/15675|archive-date=24 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Fredrick Ogechi Okwara (amuru na afo 1989), onye okacha amara n'egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria == Obodo kwụụrụ onwe ya == Mpaghara ọchịchị Orlu nwere ihe karịrị obodo iri atọ na atọ kwụụrụ onwe ya. Ha gụnyere obodo ndị dị ka: <ref name="imogov">{{Cite web|url=http://www.imostate.gov.ng/imo-government/imo-local-governments.php?idx=orlu_imo_state|title=Imo State Government Areas : Orlu LGA|author=Imo State Government|accessdate=9 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065703/http://www.imostate.gov.ng/imo-government/imo-local-governments.php?idx=orlu_imo_state|archivedate=2014-10-06}}</ref>   == Ihe omume ozi ala ọzọ == Ewubere Dayọsis Roman akpụkpọ nke Orlu ( Latin Dioecesis Orluanus ) na Nọvemba 29, 1980 ma nwee Katidral Holy Trinity, otu n'ime nnukwu katidral na-eme atụmatụ na etiti Africa.  Augustine T. Ukwuoma nọchiri Bishọp Gregory O. Ochiagha bụ onye jere ozi dịka Bishọp Orlu mọ e kere ya.  Orlu bụkwa ebe otu parish Nigeria dị na St. Peter (the Nne Enyemaka Shrine).  O foto diocese nke azụ Anglican.  kaadị ahụ nna nna ụlọ ụka Ọtọdọks na Protestant iji kwalite ọrụ ndị ya. Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ Diocese Anglican nke Orlu nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na Nkwerre nke ụlọ ụka Anglican nke Nigeria kere na 1984 ya na Rt.Revd S. Ebo dịka bishọp mbụ, taa, Diocese Anglican nke Orlu nwere ihe ọmụmụ 23 Archdeaconries, wasu.  Karịrị parish iri ise na ise na ndị akwụ otu akpan na iri ise, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nayọsis nke ncho na imo steeti ka diocese Anglican nke Owerri nwere ihe puku iri ise. == Ozi ihu igwe == Okpomọkụ kwa afụ sitere na 66 ruo 86 degrees Fahrenheit, ọ na- qori ada n'okpuru 58 ma ọ bụ na-arrị elu ugwu 89 degrees. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Orlu Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark|url=https://weatherspark.com/y/54997/Average-Weather-in-Orlu-Nigeria-Year-Round#:~:text=Over%20the%20course%20of%20the,or%20above%2089%C2%B0F.|accessdate=2023-09-14|work=weatherspark.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Orlu, Imo, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data|url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/imo/orlu|accessdate=2023-09-14|work=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> == Ụmụnne obodo == Orlu bụ obodo nwanne emeritus nwere: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sister Cities Membership Directory|url=https://sistercities.org/membership-directory/|accessdate=June 8, 2024|publisher=Sister Cities International}}</ref> * [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], United States == Hụkwa == 3aexu1x3i6w2zb8ssxffh1zvolfjcd8 0 22476 728283 707419 2026-09-26T18:43:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728283 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Pages using infobox officeholder with unknown parameters|sitewebPetra Kelly]] [[Usòrò:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065187-0022,_Bonn,_Pressekonferenz_der_Grünen,_Bundestagswahl.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065187-0022%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_der_Gr%C3%BCnen%2C_Bundestagswahl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065187-0022%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_der_Gr%C3%BCnen%2C_Bundestagswahl.jpg|thumb|Kelly na Otto Schily mgbe ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti West Germany nke afọ 1983 gasịrị]] [[Usòrò:Beuyskelly82Kempten.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Beuyskelly82Kempten.jpg/220px-Beuyskelly82Kempten.jpg|thumb|Joseph Beuys na Petra Kelly. Foto nke Rainer Rappmann sere]] '''Petra Karin Kelly''' (29 Nọvemba 1947- c. 1 Ọktoba 1992) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị German Green na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ onye guzobere German Green Party, òtù Green mbụ na-etolite ma na mba Germany ma n'ụwa niile. N'afọ 1982, e nyere ya onyinye Right Livelihood Award maka "ịmepụta na itinye n'ọrụ ọhụụ ọhụrụ na-ejikọta nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwụsị agha, ikpe ziri ezi na ikike mmadụ". == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Petra Karin Lehmann na Günzburg, Bavaria (n'oge ahụ American Zone of Occupation, Germany), n'afọ 1947. Ọ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Kelly mgbe nne ya lụrụ John E. Kelly, onye ọrụ US Army. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ebe obibi ndị nọn Roman Katọlik dị na Günzburg ma mesịa gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Jorjiạ (state)|Georgia]] na [[Végíníyà|Virginia]] mgbe ezinụlọ ya kwagara United States n'afọ 1959. Ọ biri ma gụọ akwụkwọ na United States ruo mgbe ọ laghachiri West Germany na 1970. [citation needed] Ọ nọgidere na-abụ nwa amaala West Germany n'oge ndụ ya niile. Kelly nwere mmasị na [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]]., ma mee mkpọsa maka Robert F. Kennedy na Hubert Humphrey na ntuli aka US nke 1968. Ọ gụrụ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na School of International Service na Mahadum America (Washington, D.C.), ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1970 na nzere bachelọ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na European Institute na Mahadum Amsterdam na 1971 na nzere masta. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na European Commission (Brussels, [[Belgium]], 1971), Kelly sonyere n'ọtụtụ mkpọsa udo na gburugburu ebe obibi na Germany na mba ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ afọ abụọ na European Commission, ọ kwagara n'ọkwa nchịkwa na Kọmitii Economic and Social, ebe ọ kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>Petra Kelly By Josh Kamrar</ref> === Òtù Green Party nke Germany === Kelly bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere ''Die Grünen'', German Green Party na 1979. N'afọ 1983, a họpụtara ya na Bundestag site na ndepụta ntuli aka dị ka onye otu Bundestag na-anọchite anya Bavaria. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na 1987 na oke votu dị elu. N'afọ 1981, Kelly sonyere na ngagharị iwe nke mmadụ 400,000 na Bonn megide ngwá agha nuklia. N'afọ 1982, Gerhard Schröder dere onyinye na ''Die Zeit'' maka akwụkwọ Prinzip Leben, nke Kelly na Jo Leinen dezigharịrị, nke tụlere nsogbu gburugburu ''ebe obibi'' na agha nuklia nwere ike. N'otu afọ ahụ, Kelly natara Right Livelihood Award "... maka ịkpụzi na itinye n'ọrụ ọhụụ ọhụrụ na-ejikọta nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwụsị agha, ikpe ziri ezi, na ikike mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rightlivelihood.org/kelly.html|title=The Right Livelihood Award recipient 1982|publisher=rightlivelihood.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621133016/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/kelly.html|archivedate=2015-06-21}}</ref> Na ụbọchị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1983, Kelly, Gert Bastian na ndị otu Green Bundestag atọ ''ndị'' ọzọ wepụtara ọkọlọtọ na Alexanderplatz na East Berlin, nke kwuru "The Greens 意 Swords to Ploughshares". Mgbe e jidere ha obere oge, ha zutere ndị otu mmegide nke East Germany. Ndị ọchịchị East Germany nabatara nke a ebe ọ bụ na West German Greens jụrụ mkpebi NATO Double-Track.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgokUVy4LJsC&pg=PA188|title=Kalter Krieg und heisser Frieden. Der Einfluss der SED und ihrer westdeutschen Verbündeten auf die Partei 'Die Grünen'|author=Baron|first=Udo|publisher=Lit Verlag|year=2003|isbn=3-8258-6108-2|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mdr.de/damals/archiv/artikel85588.html|title=Petra Kelly und Gert Bastian|work=MDR: Damals im Osten}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1983, Erich Honecker, onye ndú nke German Democratic Republic, zutere Petra Kelly, Gert Bastian na ndị ọzọ Greens. Kelly yi uwe elu nwere okwu "Swords to Ploughshares" na ya. Ọ chọrọ ka a tọhapụ ndị mkpọrọ niile nke East German peace movement ma jụọ Honecker ihe mere o ji gbochie ihe na GDR nke ọ kwadoro na West.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_xg7G9JtmUC&pg=PA247|title=Endspiel: Die Revolution von 1989 in der DDR|author=Kowalczuk|first=Ilko-Sascha|publisher=C.H. Beck|year=2009|isbn=978-3-406-58357-5|edition=2nd revised|location=Munich}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boell.de/stiftung/archiv/archiv-2122.html|title=Das Petra-Kelly-Archiv|date=5 March 2008|work=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung}}</ref> Kelly dere akwụkwọ Fighting for Hope n'afọ 1984, nke South End Press bipụtara. Akwụkwọ ahụ bụ oku ngwa ngwa maka ụwa na-enweghị ime ihe ike n'etiti North na South, ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, onwe anyị na gburugburu anyị.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fighting for Hope|url=https://archive.org/details/fightinghope00kell|first=Petra|author=Kelly|publisher=South End Press|year=1984|isbn=0896082164}}</ref> N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Kelly nọgidere na-ekewapụ onwe ya n'ebe ọtụtụ ndị otu ya nọ n'ihi mgbanwe ndị Greens mere n'oge ahụ, ebe ọ nọgidere na'ihu na-emegide njikọ ọ bụla ya na ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịnala. == Ọnwụ == N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992, ndị uwe ojii hụrụ ozu Kelly na onye mmekọ ya, onye bụbu ọchịagha na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Green Gert Bastian (amụrụ n'afọ 1923), n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra nke ụlọ ya na Bonn ha natara oku site n'aka nwunye Bastian [mgbe akọwapụtara dị ka?] na nne nne Kelly nke kọrọ na ha anụbeghị Bastian ma ọ bụ Kelly ruo izu ole na ole. Ndị uwe ojii kpebiri na Bastian gbagburu Kelly mgbe ọ na-ehi ụra, onye gburu onwe ya. Ọ dị afọ iri anọ na anọ, ọ dị afọ iri isii na itenanị. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=People In Action|date=December 2004|url=http://peopleinaction.com/board/2/689.html|title=The Death of Petra Kelly|accessdate=7 October 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527122602/http://peopleinaction.com/board/2/689.html|archivedate=2019-05-27}}</ref> Oge ikpeazụ onye ọ bụla nụrụ banyere di na nwunye ahụ bụ na 30 Septemba 1992 mgbe Kelly zigara nne nne ya ngwugwu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/what-killed-petra-kelly-they-had-been-heroes-of-our-time-she-was-like-a-modern-joan-of-arc-his-1559264.html|title=What killed Petra Kelly?|author=Hilton|first=Isabel|date=23 October 1992|work=The Independent|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204044146/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/what-killed-petra-kelly-they-had-been-heroes-of-our-time-she-was-like-a-modern-joan-of-arc-his-1559264.html|archive-date=2015-12-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii mere atụmatụ na ọnwụ ndị ahụ nwere ike ime na ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba mana enweghị ike ịkọwa kpọmkwem oge ọnwụ ahụ n'ihi igbu oge ịchọta ozu na ọnọdụ ire ure ha.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalnonviolence.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419080631/http://www.globalnonviolence.org/docs/nonviolencespeaks/chapter12.pdf|title=nonviolencespeaks/chapter12.pdf|archivedate=April 19, 2009}}</ref> E liri Kelly na Waldfriedhof (ebe ili ozu ọhịa) na Würzburg, nso obodo Heidingsfeld na Lower Franconia, Bavaria. == Nsọpụrụ == * 1982: Ihe nrite Right Livelihood * N'afọ 2006, e debere Kelly na nke iri anọ na ise na ndepụta oge niile nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị na-eme mkpọsa, ndị edemede, ndị na'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị e kere eke bụ ndị, n'echiche ya, emeela ihe kachasị iji zọpụta ụwa. Kelly nọ n'etiti onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi Mike Hands na onye ọhụụ ogige ntụrụndụ mba John Dower.<ref>{{Cite news|first=David|author=Adam|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/nov/28/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment|title=Earthshakers: the top 100 green campaigners of all time|work=The Guardian|date=28 November 2006}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * Kelly, Petra K. ''Na-eche Green''! Essays on Environmentalism, Feminism, and Nonviolence, Parallax Press, Berkeley, [[California]], 1994 ( ) * Kelly, Petra K. Nonviolence Speaks to Power, [http://www.nonkilling.org/node/18 akwụkwọ n'ịntanetị], ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ederede zuru ezu (nakwa, nke a na-ebipụtaghị, nke Matsunaga Institute for Peace, Mahadum [[Hawaii]], 1992, bipụtara) == Ihe osise == * ''Obi ụtọ bụ'' Warm Gun, ihe nkiri 2001 nke Thomas Imbach<ref>{{IMDb title|tt0272647|Happiness Is a Warm Gun}}</ref> * ''Petra'', akwụkwọ akụkọ 2020 nke Shaena Lambert<ref>{{Cite book|author=Lambert|first=Shaena|title=Petra|url=https://archive.org/details/petra0000lamb|publisher=Random House Canada|year=2020|isbn=9780735279575}}</ref> dere == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme udo == Ndemsibia e == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sfy0en65dycvlvqfc1dgehl9a7ht5ri 0 23004 728394 726265 2026-09-27T03:40:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sophia Theresa Williams-de Bruyn''' (Amụrụ n'afọ 1938) bụ onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na [[South Africa]]. Ọ bụ onye mbụ natara onyinye ụmụ nwanyị maka ọrụ mba pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ onye ndu ikpeazụ dị ndụ nke Women's March.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html|title=Memories of the Long March to Freedom|author=Ndaba|first=Baldwin|date=9 August 2006|work=The Star|accessdate=13 September 2016|archive-date=8 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008194328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A mụrụ Sophia Theresa Williams-De Bruyn na Villageboard, mpaghara nke bụ ebe obibi nke ndị si n'ọtụtụ mba dị iche iche.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn|title=Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn|date=17 February 2011|work=South African History Online|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa Frances Elizabeth na Henry Ernest Williams.<ref name="Sophia" /> Mgbe nna ya sonyeere ndị agha iji lụọ agha n'Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nne Sophia kpọgara ezinụlọ ahụ na mmepe ụlọ ọhụrụ, nke e wuru maka ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara, nke a na-akpọ Schauder. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Saint James Catholic School.<ref name="Sophia">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn|title=Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn|author=sahoboss|date=2011-02-17|work=South African History Online|accessdate=2018-05-23|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFsahoboss2011">sahoboss (17 February 2011). [http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn "Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn"]. ''South African History Online''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ akwa.<ref name=":0" /><cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNdaba2006">Ndaba, Baldwin (9 August 2006).. ''The Star''. Archived from <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"></span> on 8 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span> &#x2013; via HighBeam Research.</cite></ref> Ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Van Lane Textile gwara ya ka o nyere aka "dozie nsogbu ha na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ," ma mesịa ghọọ onye na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa.<ref name=":1" />{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn|title=Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn|date=17 February 2011|work=South African History Online|accessdate=13 September 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn "Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn"]. ''South African History Online''. 17 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> O mechara bụrụ onye isi nke Textile Workers Union na Port Elizabeth.<ref name=":1" /> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1956, ọ duziri ngagharị nke ụmụ nwanyị 20,000 na Union Buildings nke Pretoria ya na Lilian Ngoyi, Rahima Moosa, Helen Joseph, Albertina Sisulu na Bertha Gxowa iji mee mkpesa maka ihe achọrọ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-ebu akwụkwọ gafere dịka akụkụ nke iwu gafere.<ref name="blue">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JoburgPediA_-_Rahima_Moosa_House.png Blue plaque on the front of Rahima Moosa House mounted in 2013 as part of Johannesburg Heritage].</ref><ref name=":0" /><cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNdaba2006">Ndaba, Baldwin (9 August 2006).. ''The Star''. Archived from <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"></span> on 8 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span> &#x2013; via HighBeam Research.</cite></ref> Sophia dị naanị afọ iri na asatọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị isi anọ ahụ.<ref name="Kathrada">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kathradafoundation.org/2017/06/12/sophia-williams-de-bruyn-a-lifetime-of-activism/|title=Sophia Williams-De Bruyn – a lifetime of activism – AHMED KATHRADA FOUNDATION|work=www.kathradafoundation.org|language=en-ZA|accessdate=2018-05-23|archivedate=2017-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828190900/https://www.kathradafoundation.org/2017/06/12/sophia-williams-de-bruyn-a-lifetime-of-activism/}}</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị ndị a na-agafe ndị nche nọ n'ọnụ ụzọ iji nye arịrịọ ha n'èzí ọnụ ụzọ ndị minista.<ref name="Women">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xX-vhZQ1QpIC&q=sophie+williams|title=Women and Resistance in South Africa|author=Walker|first=Cherryl|date=1991|publisher=New Africa Books|isbn=9780864861702|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe e weputara Iwu Ndị Na-acha Ọcha, ndị Coloured People's Congress kenyere Williams-De Bruyn ka ya na Shulamith Muller rụọ ọrụ n'okwu metụtara iwu.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1963, a manyere di ya ịgba ọsọ ndụ na Lusaka, Zambia ebe a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpaghara nke ANC.<ref name="Benny">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bennynato-onlus.org/henry-benny-nato-de-bruyn-2/|title=Henry Benny Nato De Bruyn – Centro Benny Nato Onlus|work=www.bennynato-onlus.org|language=it-IT|accessdate=2018-05-23|archivedate=2021-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185220/http://www.bennynato-onlus.org/henry-benny-nato-de-bruyn-2/}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere ya afọ isii ka e mesịrị wee gaa n'ihu mezue ọmụmụ ya wee nweta diplọma onye nkuzi ya n'afọ 1977, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkwa maka ANC na Lusaka.<ref name="Benny" /> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere ndị otu agụmakwụkwọ nke ANC guzobere n'afọ 1980. Kansụl ahụ setịpụrụ usoro mmụta maka Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College. E guzobere kọleji ahụ n'afọ 1978 site n'aka ndị African National Congress (ANC) na Mazimbu, [[Tanzania]]. Ya na di ya laghachiri South Africa mgbe a machibidoro ANC iwu. Di ya jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya South Africa na Jọdan ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1999.<ref name="Kathrada" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''www.kathradafoundation.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Benny" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''www.bennynato-onlus.org'' (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)]]</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Commission of Gender Equality tupu ọ banye na Gauteng Legislature n'afọ 2004 wee bụrụ osote ọkà okwu ya site n'afọ 2005 ruo afọ 2009, tupu ọ kwaga na ụlọ omebe iwu mba.<ref name="Kathrada" /> Ọ bụ onye omeiwu mpaghara ugbu a na Gauteng Province maka ANC.<ref name=":0" /> == Ebenside == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fn7l3m8ocrht20k8iuki06ki7wxkefa 0 23143 728253 199776 2026-09-26T16:13:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728253 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi Nigerian weightlifter Onyeka Azike completed a lift at the women’s 53 kg category weightlifting and won the Silver Medal, in New Delhi on October 05, 2010.jpg|thumb|Onyeka Azike]] '''Onyeka Azike''' (amụrụ na Julaị 1, 1990) bụ onye Naijiria na-ebu ibu. O sonyere na 2006 Commonwealth Games, merie ọlaọcha na nkewa ụmụ nwanyị 53 kilogram na 2006 Commonwealth Olympics na Melbourne, [[Ostraliya|Australia]], wee merie ọla edo na 58 kilogram na-ebe ibu usuro na usoro nke 2007 All Africa Games na Algeria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Onyeka Azike|publisher=International Weightlifting Federation|url=https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/59664|accessdate=11 October 2014|archivedate=19 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019120822/https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/59664}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian weightlifters sweep 63kg medals|work=New Telegraph|date=28 July 2014|url=http://newtelegraphonline.com/nigerian-weightlifters-sweep-63kg-medals/|accessdate=11 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019175845/http://newtelegraphonline.com/nigerian-weightlifters-sweep-63kg-medals/|archive-date=19 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/DetailedScheduleByDate?sportCode=WL&day=04-10-2010&expandAll=False|title=XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi &#124;|accessdate=2022-10-19|archivedate=2010-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008060657/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/DetailedScheduleByDate?sportCode=WL&day=04-10-2010&expandAll=False}}</ref>  {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0kciuvazz64psrgtjiieqv7ijvj5ulk 0 23350 728293 143469 2026-09-26T19:22:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Precious Ezinna Achiuwa (amụrụ ya na Septemba 19, n’afo 1999) bụ onye Naijiria ọkachamara basketball player maka Toronto Raptors nke National Basketball Association (NBA). Ọ gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka Memphis Tigers. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Montverde Academy na Montver de, Florida ma bụrụ onye nkwekọrịta kpakpando ise na McDonald's All-American. == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị == A mụrụ Achiuwa na Port Harcourt, Naijiria n'aka nne na nna Naijiria sitere na ndị Igbo ma too na-egwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]].<ref name="tomes">{{Cite web|author=Tomes|first=Evan|title=Precious Achiuwa Interview|url=https://www.nbadraft.net/precious-achiuwa-interview|publisher=NBADraft.net|accessdate=July 28, 2019|date=April 12, 2019}}</ref> Ọ malitere ilekwasị anya na basketball mgbe ọ nọ na klas nke asatọ, nke bụ mgbe ọ kwagara na United States.<ref name="bedore">{{Cite web|author=Bedore|first=Gary|title=Precious Achiuwa, who is on KU's wish list, says 'stay tuned' for weekend decision|url=https://www.kansascity.com/sports/college/big-12/university-of-kansas/article230369774.html|work=[[The Kansas City Star]]|accessdate=July 28, 2019|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Dịka nwa akwụkwọ ọhụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Achiuwa gbara basketball maka Our Saviour Lutheran School na The Bronx, New York.<ref name="munz">{{Cite web|author=Munz|first=Jason|title=Memphis basketball: A closer look at Precious Achiuwa's unconventional recruitment|url=https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/sports/college/memphis-tigers/basketball/2019/07/08/memphis-basketball-precious-achiuwa-penny-hardaway-tigers-wiseman/1498713001/|work=[[The Commercial Appeal]]|accessdate=July 28, 2019|date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> N'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ gara St. Benedict's Preparatory School na Newark, New Jersey. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere mmemme basketball nke mba niile ma ya na ọtụtụ ndị NCAA Division I bụ ndị otu.<ref name="riedel">{{Cite web|author=Riedel|first=Kenny|title=The Slam Dunk skinny on prime-time basketball|url=https://www.capegazette.com/article/slam-dunk-skinny-prime-time-basketball/122650|work=[[Cape Gazette]]|accessdate=July 28, 2019|date=December 26, 2016}}</ref> N'oge ọ na-eto eto, Achiuwa nwetara akara 18.5, 10.5 rebounds, 2.9 blocks, na 2.2 steals kwa egwuregwu, na-eduga ndị otu ya na ndekọ 28-2. A kpọrọ ya aha na otu nke abụọ MaxPreps Junior All-American.<ref name="divens">{{Cite web|author=Divens|first=Jordan|title=2017–18 MaxPreps Boys Basketball Junior All-American Team|url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/hNi1UD2amUag_PSRxexoDw/2017-18-maxpreps-boys-basketball-junior-all-american-team-.htm|publisher=[[MaxPreps]]|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=April 13, 2018}}</ref> Mgbe ọ banyere n'afọ ikpeazụ ya, Achiuwa gafere na Montverde Academy, ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Montver de, Florida na mmemme basketball na-aga nke ọma nke nwere ọkwa mba nke 1 na oge gara aga.<ref name="smith">{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Cam|title=Chosen 25 F Precious Achiuwa transfers to Montverde Academy from St. Benedict's|url=https://usatodayhss.com/2018/chosen-25-f-precious-achiuwa-transfers-to-montverde-academy-from-st-benedicts|work=USA Today High School Sports|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=August 14, 2018}}</ref> O butere Montverde na akara 14 na 7.2 rebounds kwa egwuregwu ma nyere ndị otu ya aka iru ọkara ikpeazụ na GEICO High School Nationals.<ref name="jordan">{{Cite web|author=Jordan|first=Jason|title=GEICO Nationals: No. 4 IMG Academy (Fla.) stages epic comeback to knockoff No. 3 Montverde (Fla.) Academy|url=https://usatodayhss.com/2019/geico-nationals-no-4-img-academy-fla-stages-epic-comeback-to-knockoff-no-3-montverde-fla-academy|work=USA Today High School Sports|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=April 5, 2019}}</ref><ref name="divens2">{{Cite web|author=Divens|first=Jordan|title=MaxPreps 2018–19 High School Boys Basketball All-American Team|url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/mdbwDYCSa02E7-TpRc5Gmg/maxpreps-2018-19-high-school-boys-basketball-all-american-team.htm|publisher=[[MaxPreps]]|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=April 11, 2019}}</ref> Achiuwa nwetara MaxPreps All-American nke ise, USA Today All-''USA'' nke atọ, na USA Today All -USA Florida nke mbụ.<ref name="divens2" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=2018–19 ALL-USA High School Boys Basketball: Third Team|url=https://usatodayhss.com/2019/2018-19-all-usa-high-school-boys-basketball-third-team|work=USA Today High School Sports|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=April 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2018–19 ALL-USA Florida Boys Basketball Team|url=https://usatodayhss.com/2019/2018-19-all-usa-florida-boys-basketball-team|work=USA Today High School Sports|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=April 16, 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu East na McDonald's All-American Game, na-eduga ndị niile na-agba bọọlụ na akara iri abụọ na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Precious Achiuwa Shines at McDonald's All-American Game|url=https://mvasports.com/news/2019/3/28/boys-basketball-precious-achiuwa-shines-at-mcdonalds-all-american-game.aspx|publisher=[[Montverde Academy]]|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=March 28, 2019}}</ref> N'Apreel 12, Achiuwa sonyeere ndị otu ụwa na Nike Hoop Summit.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lundeberg|first=Bob|title=Nike Hoop Summit 2019: Internet sensation Nico Mannion sure to turn heads for World Team|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/highschoolsports/2019/04/nike-hoop-summit-2019-internet-sensation-nico-mannion-sure-to-turn-heads-for-world-team.html|work=[[The Oregonian]]|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=April 11, 2019}}</ref> === Ịkpọbata ndị ọrụ === Na Mee 17, 2019, Achiuwa kpebisiri ike igwu basketball kọleji maka Memphis n'okpuru onye isi nchịkwa Penny Hardaway. Ọ sonyeere onye otu ya bụbu Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), Lester Quinones, na onye egwuregwu mbụ na klas 2019, James Wiseman.<ref name="fowler">{{Cite web|author=Fowler|first=Christian|title=Five-star forward Precious Achiuwa commits to Memphis|url=https://247sports.com/college/memphis/Article/Five-star-forward-Precious-Achiuwa-commits-to-Memphis--131979337/|publisher=[[247Sports.com]]|accessdate=July 29, 2019|date=May 17, 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ kọleji == Na mbido mbụ ya na Memphis, Achiuwa nwere akara 14 na rebounds asatọ ka Tigers meriri South Carolina State 97 Xia64.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Wiseman has 28 and 11 in winning debut for No. 14 Memphis|url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/recap?gameId=401170001|accessdate=November 6, 2019|work=[[ESPN]]|date=November 5, 2019}}</ref> Achiuwa nwetara akara 25 kachasị elu n'oge mmeri 87 na 86 meriri Ole Miss na Nọvemba 23. N'ihi ya, a kpọrọ ya onye egwuregwu nke izu nke American Athletic Conference na Nọvemba 25.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theamerican.org/news/2019/11/25/memphis-achiuwa-uconns-bouknight-earn-mens-basketball-weekly-honors.aspx|title=Memphis' Achiuwa, UConn's Bouknight Earn Men's Basketball Weekly Honors|work=American Athletic Conference|date=November 25, 2019|accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref> O nwetara nsọpụrụ nke izu ọhụrụ na Disemba 23 mgbe o dekọrọ akara 20 na rebounds itoolu na mmeri 77 na 49 na Jackson State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theamerican.org/news/2019/12/23/ecus-gardner-memphis-achiuwa-earn-mens-basketball-weekly-honors.aspx|title=ECU's Gardner, Memphis' Achiuwa Earn Men's Basketball Weekly Honors|work=American Athletic Conference|date=December 23, 2019|accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Na ngwụcha oge a na-eme kwa afọ, a kpọrọ Achiuwa AAC Player na Freshman of the Year. Ọ na-enweta nkezi 15.8, 10.8 rebounds na 1.9 blocks kwa egwuregwu dị ka onye ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Collings|first=Buddy|title=Orlando area college basketball All Stars for 2019–20|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/sports/highschool/boys-basketball/os-sp-hs-college-basketball-best-20200401-ua7uhgocpnhzpow3j52az7y2su-story.html|accessdate=April 4, 2020|work=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=April 3, 2020}}</ref> O kwupụtara maka draft NBA nke 2020 mgbe oge ọhụrụ ya gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Giviony|first=Jonathan|title=Memphis star, AAC Player of the Year Precious Achiuwa to enter NBA draft|url=https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/29094379/memphis-star-aac-player-year-precious-achiuwa-enter-nba-draft%3fplatform=amp|work=espn.com|accessdate=April 24, 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == === Miami Heat (202021) === A họpụtara Achiuwa na nke 20 na 2020 NBA draft site na Miami Heat.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Fowler|first=Christian|title=Precious Achiuwa goes No. 20 overall to the Miami Heat|url=https://247sports.com/college/memphis/Article/Memphis-forward-Precious-Achiuwa-goes-No-20-overall-to-the-Miami-Heat-154986334/|accessdate=November 18, 2020|work=247 Sports|date=November 18, 2020}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 25, 2020, Achiuwa bịnyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na Heat maka ihe karịrị $ 12.5 nde ruo afo 2023 .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Precious Achiuwa Signs With HEAT|url=https://www.nba.com/heat/news/heat-signs-precious-achiuwa-11-25-20|work=NBA.com|accessdate=November 27, 2020|date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> === Toronto Raptors (2021 ruo ugbu a) === N'August 6, n’afo 2021, Toronto Raptors nwetara Achiuwa na Goran Dragić site na Heat site na nkwekọrịta akara na azụmahịa iji gbanwere Kyle Lowry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/heat/news/heat-acquire-kyle-lowry|title=HEAT ACQUIRE KYLE LOWRY|work=NBA.com|date=August 6, 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2021, n'oge izizi ya na Raptors, Achiuwa nwere akara isii, rebounds asaa, enyemaka abụọ na ohi na nkeji iri na itoolu nke egwuregwu na ọdịda nke 96 na 1983 na Washington Wizards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nba/gametracker/recap/NBA_20211020_WAS@TOR/|title=Beal has 23, Wizards top Raptors 98-83, spoil Toronto return|work=cbssports.com|date=October 20, 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2021, Achiuwa mere akara atọ dị elu mgbe ọ nwere akara iri na asaa, rebounds anọ, enyemaka abụọ na izu ohi na mmeri 126–113 megide Memphis Grizzlies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap/_/gameId/401360096|title=Gary Trent Jr. keys late rally, Raptors beat Grizzlies|work=espn.com|date=November 24, 2021}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == == Ndụ onwe onye == Nwanne Achiuwa nke okenye, God's Gift Achiuwa, gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka St. John's site na 2011 ruo 2014.<ref name="goldberg">{{Cite web|author=Goldberg|first=Rob|title=5-Star SF Precious Achiuwa Commits to Penny Hardaway, Memphis over Kansas|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2776231-5-star-sf-precious-achiuwa-commits-to-penny-hardaway-memphis-over-kansas|publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]|accessdate=July 28, 2019|date=May 17, 2019}}</ref> Nne ya, Eunice, na nna ya, Donatus, bụ ndị ụkọchukwu Pentikọstal.<ref name="logan">{{Cite web|author=Logan|first=Greg|title=God'sgift happy to be at St. John's|url=https://www.newsday.com/sports/college/college-basketball/god-sgift-happy-to-be-at-st-john-s-1.3047018|work=[[Newsday]]|accessdate=July 28, 2019|date=July 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703203400/https://www.newsday.com/sports/college/college-basketball/god-sgift-happy-to-be-at-st-john-s-1.3047018|archive-date=July 3, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na onyinye Chineke, o nwere ụmụnne nwoke abụọ ọzọ, God'swill na Promise, na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, Grace na Peace.<ref name="darcy">{{Cite web|author=Darcy|first=Kieran|title=St. John's blessed with gift from above|url=https://www.espn.com/new-york/ncb/columns/story?columnist=darcy_kieran&id=6480215|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 28, 2019|date=May 5, 2011}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gzoqskmbnt4zu0pu83oqsae279671un 0 23451 728302 628493 2026-09-26T19:58:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Rachael Aladi Ayegba''' (amụrụ na 25 June 1986) bụ onye bụbu [[Nigeria women's national football team|onye]] Naijirịa na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agba dịka onye na-edebe goolu. Na klọb, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ọtụtụ klọb ndị Finland n'etiti afọ 2005 na 2016. Ayegba bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọala bọs ugbu a na London. == Ọrụ klọb == Na Na Naijirịa, Ayegba gbara bọọlụ maka Oladimeji Tigress, Ufouma Babes, FCT Queens nke Abuja, na Edo Queens.<ref name="CAF"/> N'afọ 2005, Ayegba kwagara Finland, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ afọ iri na otu.<ref name="CAF" /> N'oge 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Kokkolan Palloveikot na Finland.<ref name="FIFA"/> Na Finland, ọ gbakwara Kuopion Palloseura, GBK Kokkola na PK-35 Vantaa bọọlụ.<ref name="CAF" /> O meriri na 2010, 2011 na 2012 Naisten Liigas na PK-35 Vantaa, yana 2012 na 2013 Finnish Women's Cups. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ayegba mere nke mbụ ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Naijirịa na egwuregwu 2001 megide Namibia.<ref name="CAF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/ayegba-nigeria-s-breakthrough-goalkeeper|title=Ayegba, Nigeria's breakthrough goalkeeper|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=21 July 2020|acc) sdate=9 December 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/ayegba-nigeria-s-breakthrough-goalkeeper "Ayegba, Nigeria's breakthrough goalkeeper"]. [[Njikọ nke bọọlụ Afrịka|Confederation of African Football]]. 21 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ hapụrụ 2003 All-Africa Games n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.<ref name="CAF" /> Ayegba nọchitere anya Naijiria na 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, yana 2006 na 2008 African Women's Championships, na 2007 All-Africa Games.<ref name="CAF" /><ref name="FIFA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/fwwc%5f2007%5fplayers%5f19147.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180047/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/fwwc_2007_players_19147.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-03|title=List of Players|accessdate=2007-09-28|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=2007|work=FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007|format=PDF}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true"> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007''. [[FIFA]]. 2007. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180047/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/fwwc_2007_players_19147.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="CAF" /><ref name="ES">{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/business/world-cup-london-buses-shortage-go-ahead-rachael-aladi-ayegba-b970704.html|title=From World Cup to London buses: Former Nigerian international Rachael Aladi Ayegba now drives the 185|work=[[Evening Standard]]|date=8 December 2021|accessdate=9 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="CAF" /> == Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ == Ayegba lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ n'afọ 2016.<ref name="CAF"/>O mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi, wee kwaga London na 2018.<ref name="CAF" /> Ka ọ na-erule 2021, Ayegba rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-azụ maka Go-Ahead London.<ref name="ES"/> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o9dknevrvww5g25ktf0cwyots40rkwt 0 24119 728296 628509 2026-09-26T19:30:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Princess Kara''' (amụrụ n'afọ 2000) bụ onye Naijirịa na-atụba discus. O meriri ma National Championships na African Under 20 Championships na 2019. Ihe kacha mma ya bụ 50.07 ( 3+1⁄4 in). == Ọrụ == Kara sonyere na 2016 National Youth Games ma sọọ mpi na triple jump na shot put. Kara ritere ọla edo na ịgba ọsọ na 2018 National Sports Festival (NSF) na [[Abuja]].<ref name="NNN">{{Cite news|author=Modupe|first=Oremule|title=I’m aiming for World Championship standards in discus – Kara|url=https://nnn.com.ng/im-aiming-for-world-championship-standards-in-discus-kara/|accessdate=10 May 2020|work=NNN NEWS NIGERIA|date=26 June 2019|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, ọ meriri ma asọmpi mba n'okpuru afọ 20 na asọmpi African Under 20, malite ịma [[Chinwe Okoro]] na [[Chioma Onyekwere]] aka maka ọnọdụ mbụ na Naijirịa.<ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web|author=Maduewesi|first=Christopher|title=Nigeria's 10 Breakout Athletes in 2018 (Part 1)|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2018/12/29/nigerias-10-breakout-athletes-in-2018-part-1/|work=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|accessdate=10 May 2020|date=29 December 2018}}</ref> Na Under 20 African Championships (nke e mere Abidjan), o dekọrọ ihe kachasị mma nke 50.04 m (164 in), nke meriri akara kachasị elu ya n'oge gara aga karịa mita ise.<ref name="SNS">{{Cite web|author=Ayodeji|first=Ayodeji|title=Princess Kara clocks PB to claim Discus Gold as Team Nigeria win five medals on Day 3 of CAA U18 & U20 Champs|url=https://saveoursports.ng/princess-kara-clocks-pb-to-claim-discus-gold-as-team-nigeria-win-five-medals-on-day-3-of-caa-u18-u20-champs/|work=Save Nigeria Sport|accessdate=10 May 2020|date=19 April 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, o setịpụrụ ihe kachasị mma nke onwe ya nke 50.07 ( 3+1⁄4 in) na ule iru eru maka 2019 All Africa Games, mechara bụrụ onye nke ise n'egwuregwu ahụ ịtụba 49.85 ( 6+1⁄2 in). O nwetakwara mmeri na 2019 National Championships.<ref name="WA">{{World Athletics}}</ref> O sonyere na Central Arizona College, ebe ọ meriri NJCAA Division I Outdoor discus titles n'usoro na 2021 na 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/discus-princess-cacs-kara-wins-national-title/article_562e77ff-4164-54e9-9c94-1f147df30cf3.html|title=Discus Princess: CAC's Kara wins national title|work=[[Casa Grande Dispatch]]|first=Ed|author=Petruska|date=14 May 2021|accessdate=16 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/kara-has-record-breaking-showing-at-nationals-for-cac/article_9fc809a2-9197-5c25-941d-f72fd55a949d.html|title=Kara has record breaking showing at nationals for CAC|work=[[Casa Grande Dispatch]]|first=Ed|author=Petruska|date=23 May 2022|accessdate=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625092928/https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/kara-has-record-breaking-showing-at-nationals-for-cac/article_9fc809a2-9197-5c25-941d-f72fd55a949d.html|archive-date=25 June 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ebxsref8cexhjpukn26cduq201iytty 0 24248 728456 644404 2026-09-27T10:15:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Victor Moses''' (amụrụ na 12 Disemba N'afọ 1990) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba egwu dị ka [[Footbọl|onye]] na-agba ọsọ n'akụkụ ọ bụla maka klọb Russia Spartak Moscow . A na-ejikwa ya dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'azụ mgbe ụfọdụ n'oge ọrụ ya. Moses malitere ọrụ ya na Asọmpi na Crystal Palace, tupu arụmọrụ ya adọta anya Wigan Athletic, ebe o mere Njikọ Njikọ mbụ ya na N'afọ 2010. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, egwuregwu ya emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma ruo n'ókè nke ndị mmeri Europe bụ Chelsea nwere mmasị, ọ bịanyere aka na ha n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2012. N'agbanyeghị goolu iri na asọmpi niile n'oge oge mbụ ya, ọ nọrọ oge nke abụọ ya na Liverpool, nke atọ ya na Stoke City na nke anọ ya na West Ham United. A kpọghachiri Moses na Chelsea maka oge 201617 ebe ọ pụtara 34 ka Chelsea meriri Njikọ Njikọ. Mgbe ọ na-enweghị mmasị n'oge mkpọsa ọzọ, Moses nọrọ na Fenerbahçe, Inter Milan na Spartak Moscow n'oge ndị na-esonụ. A mụrụ ya na [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]], Moses nọchitere anya ndị otu ndị ntorobịa England n'okpuru afọ 16, n'okpuru 17, n'okpuru 19 na n'okpuru 21, mana ọ họọrọ igwu egwu maka Naịjirịa ma ọ bụghị ịbụ onye zuru oke maka England. O mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Naijiria n'afọ 2012 wee nweta 38 caps ma gbaa bọọlụ ugboro 12 tupu ọ laa ezumike nká na egwuregwu mba ụwa n'afọ 2018. Ọ gbara na mkpọsa mmeri nke Naijiria na N'afọ 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, yana mkpọsa na 2014 FIFA World Cup na 2018 FIFA World Cup. == Ọrụ klọb == === Mbido ndụ na ọrụ === A mụrụ Moses na [[Lagos]], nwa nke onye ụkọchukwu Ndị Kraịst. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, e gburu nne na nna ya na ọgba aghara okpukpe na [[Kaduna]] mgbe ndị na-eme ọgba aghụghọ wakporo ụlọ ha. Moses na-egwu bọọlụ n'okporo ámá n'oge ahụ. Otu izu mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, mgbe ndị enyi ya zoro ya, ndị ikwu ya kwụrụ ya ụgwọ ka ọ gaa UK iji rịọ maka mgbaba. E debere ya na ezinụlọ nkuchi na South [[London]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/14/victor-moses-interview-chelsea|title=Victor Moses: they should be proud of me, looking down being proud|author=Hytner|first=David|date=14 September 2012|work=The Guardian|language=en|accessdate=26 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="MosesAsylum">{{Cite news|author=Kelso|first=Paul|date=20 May 2005|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/may/20/football.immigration|title=14-year-old asylum seeker becomes school's football hero|work=The Guardian|accessdate=23 July 2008}}</ref><ref name="Independent1">{{Cite news|title=FA Cup: Orphaned Victor Moses feels very much at home with Chelsea|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/fa-league-cups/fa-cup-orphaned-victor-moses-feels-very-much-at-home-with-chelsea-8527874.html|work=The Independent|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> Ọ gara Stanley Technical High School (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Harris Academy) na South Norwood. N'ịbụ onye Scout na-egwu bọọlụ na Tandridge Njikọ maka Cosmos 90 FC, Crystal Palace bịakwutere ya, na ámá egwuregwu Selhurst Park nke klọb ahụ dị n'okporo ámá dị anya site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya.<ref name="Independent1" /> N'ịbụ onye e nyere ọnọdụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Ugo, Palace tụụrụ ya aro ka ọ gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Whitgift na-akwụ ụgwọ na Croydon, ebe onye bụbu onye Arsenal na Chelsea bụ Colin Pates na-azụ ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="Independent1"/> Moses malitere ịpụta na 14 mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu 50 maka ndị nọ n'okpuru afọ 14 nke Palace. N'ịgba bọọlụ afọ atọ na Whitgift na Palace, Moses gbara ihe karịrị 100 goolu yana inyere Whitgift aka imeri ọtụtụ iko ụlọ akwụkwọ, gụnyere iko mba ebe Moses gbara goolu ise niile na nke ikpeazụ megide Ụlọ akwụkwọ na-agwọ ọrịa Grimsby na Ama egwuregwu Walkers, Leicester.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Looking back at when Liverpool and Chelsea ace Victor Moses stunned Healing's dream team|url=http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Looking-Liverpool-Chelsea-ace-Victor-Moses/story-20471306-detail/story.html|work=Grimsby Telegraph|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> === Crystal Palace === Moses mere egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Palace mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii na 6 Nọvemba N'afọ 2007 na 1 China na Cardiff City na Asọmpi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cardiff 1–1 Crystal Palace|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/7076416.stm|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> Ọ nọgidere n'ọnọdụ ya n'akụkụ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya dị elu na 12 Machị N'afọ 2008 na 1 - 1 ise na West Bromwich Albion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=West Brom 1–1 Crystal Palace|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/7287966.stm|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> N'ozuzu, Moses gbara bọọlụ ugboro iri na isii n'afọ 2007 ka Palace ruru asọmpi asọmpi Asọmpi ebe ha meriri Bristol City.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bristol City v C Palace as it happened|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/7399418.stm|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na Selhurst Park, nke mere ka onye njikwa Neil Warnock nwee obi ụtọ, onye kwuru, "Ntinye aka Victor bụ nnukwu ihe maka klọb ahụ; agwa m Victor na ọ nwere ike ịga elu dịka ọ chọrọ. Ọ na-akawanye mma kwa ụbọchị ma enwere m obi ụtọ na ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta a n'ihi na ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ ga-esi n'ike gaa n'ike.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Moses signs four-year Palace deal|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/crystal_palace/7529661.stm|work=BBC Sport|date=28 July 2008|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> Moses gbara ugboro abụọ n'ime egwuregwu 32 n'afọ 2008 n'ihi na Palace nwere mkpọsa na-akụda mmụọ, na-agwụ na ọnọdụ nke iri na ise. N'afọ 2009, Moses gbara goolu isii n'egwuregwu asatọ mana Palace nwere nnukwu nsogbu ego ma klọb ahụ batara n'ọchịchị na Jenụwarị N'afọ 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Crystal Palace deducted 10 points|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/crystal_palace/8484824.stm|work=BBC Sport|date=28 January 2010|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> === Wigan Athletic === N'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke Jenụwarị N'afọ 2010, ọ rụzuru £ 2.5 nde na Wigan Athletic nke Njikọ Njikọ mgbe Palace banyere na nchịkwa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 January 2010|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/championship/crystalpalace/7121319/Victor-Moses-joins-Wigan-Athletic-as-Crystal-Palace-fire-sale-begins.html|title=Victor Moses joins Wigan Athletic as Crystal Palace fire sale begins|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=31 January 2010|first=Jonathan|author=Liew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205064512/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/championship/crystalpalace/7121319/Victor-Moses-joins-Wigan-Athletic-as-Crystal-Palace-fire-sale-begins.html|archive-date=5 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na 6 Febụwarị N'afọ 2010 dị ka onye na-anọchi Sunderland na 1 China draw.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/8493730.stm|title=Sunderland 1–1 Wigan|date=6 February 2010|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 March 2010}}</ref> Na 20 Machị N'afọ 2010, Moses bịara dị ka onye nọchiri Burnley wee nweta enyemaka mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ, na-eguzobe Hugo Rodallega maka onye mmeri oge mmerụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wiganlatics.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10429~2001372,00.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612181312/http://www.wiganlatics.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10429~2001372,00.html|archivedate=12 June 2010|title=Victor-ious|publisher=Wigan Athletic F.C.|date=22 March 2010|accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Wigan na 3 Mee N'afọ 2010 megide Hull City.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8649742.stm|title=Wigan 2–2 Hull|work=BBC Sport|date=3 May 2010|accessdate=3 May 2010}}</ref> Moses merụrụ ahụ ugboro abụọ na mbido oge 2010 na 1911, ọ na-esikwa ya ike ịlaghachi n'ime otu mbụ n'ihi mmụba asọmpi maka ebe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clicklancashire.com/my-click/my-real-life/127932-wigan-athletic-winger-victor-moses-wants-tottenham-hotspur-shot.html|title=Wigan Athletic winger Victor Moses wants Tottenham Hotspur shot|work=Click Lancashire|date=26 August 2010|accessdate=1 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310202954/http://www.clicklancashire.com/my-click/my-real-life/127932-wigan-athletic-winger-victor-moses-wants-tottenham-hotspur-shot.html|archivedate=10 March 2012}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'egwuregwu ahụ n'ụbọchị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2010 na mmeri ya na West Bromwich Albion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/moses-and-nzogbia-lead-wigan-out-of-wilderness-2133596.html|title=Moses and N'Zogbia lead Wigan out of wilderness|date=14 November 2010|accessdate=16 November 2010|work=The Independent|first=Darren|author=Witcoop}}</ref> Mgbe ọpụpụ nke onye na-agba ọsọ Charles N'Zogbia gasịrị, Moses ghọrọ onye mbido Wigan na oge N'afọ 2011 na 12. N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2011, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'oge ahụ megide West Brom bụ goolu mbụ ọ gbara kemgbe ọ gbara otu otu otu egwuregwu ahụ n'oge gara aga. === Chelsea === ==== Afọ 2012 na 13 ==== [[Usòrò:Victor_Moses_Fabio_Santos_2012_FIFA_Club_World_Cup.jpg|thumb|Moses na Fábio Santos nke Corinthians na 2012 FIFA Club World Cup Final]] N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Wigan nabatara arịrịọ nke ise site n'aka Chelsea mgbe ha mechara zute ọnụahịa Wigan na-arịọ arịrịọ mgbe arịrịọ anọ na-enweghị isi. E nyere onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ikike ịgwa Chelsea okwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wiganlatics.co.uk/news/article/12-08-23-club-statement-victor-moses-331637.aspx|title=Club confirm Victor Moses bid accepted|publisher=Wigan Athletic F.C|date=23 August 2012|accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Chelsea kwupụtara na ebufeela Moses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chelseafc.com/news-article/article/2899473|title=Moses Transfer Completed|publisher=Chelsea F.C|date=24 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028165252/http://www.chelseafc.com/news-article/article/2899473|archivedate=28 October 2013}}</ref> Moses gbara egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Chelsea mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ndị na-asọmpi West London Ogige QueensRangers na 15 Septemba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/261597/report|title=Anton refuses to shake on it|work=Sky Sports|date=15 September 2012|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref> Moses mere nke mbụ ya zuru oke maka Chelsea mgbe ọ malitere egwuregwu Iko Njikọ megide Wolverhampton Wanderers wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya mgbe nkeji iri asaa na otu gachara n'egwuregwu nke mechara na Blues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19632463|title=Chelsea 6–0 Wolves|work=BBC Sport|date=25 September 2012|accessdate=29 August 2013}}</ref> Moses malitere egwuregwu mbụ ya na Nordsjælland. N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba, a kpọrọ Moses Man of the Match megide Manchester United na Iko Njikọ, egwuregwu Chelsea meriri 5o4.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adifferentleague.co.uk/p6_0_17387_chelsea-focus-revenge-is-sweet-in-man-utd-win.html|title=Chelsea Focus&nbsp;– Revenge is sweet in Man Utd win|date=2 November 2012|accessdate=2 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104075335/http://www.adifferentleague.co.uk/p6_0_17387_chelsea-focus-revenge-is-sweet-in-man-utd-win.html|archivedate=4 November 2012}}</ref> N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Moses gbara goolu mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ maka Chelsea n'egwuregwu ya na Swansea City, nke gwụrụ na 1 01.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/us/en/report/345755/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=5901|title=Swansea 1–1 Chelsea|publisher=ESPN FC|date=3 November 2012|accessdate=3 November 2012}}</ref> Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ maka Chelsea megide Shakhtar Donetsk; Moses nọchiri Oscar na nkeji nke 79 wee gaa n'ihu na nkuku Juan Mata na sekọnd fọdụrụ iji nweta mmeri 3 South2.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20150427|title=Chelsea 3–2 Shakhtar Donetsk|date=7 November 2012|accessdate=7 November 2012|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2013, Moses meghere akara ya n'afọ ahụ site n'ịgba ọsọ dị ike n'akụkụ ala mgbe ọ na-egwu na agba nke atọ nke Iko FA megide Southampton, dịka Chelsea si n'azụ wee merie ndị Saints n'azụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20863303|title=Demba Ba scored twice on his Chelsea debut as the FA Cup holders came from behind against Southampton to ease into the fourth round at St Mary's Stadium.|work=BBC Sport|date=5 January 2013|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref> Moses gbara goolu mbụ ya na Europa League maka Chelsea na mmeri 3 na 1 n'ụlọ megide Rubin Kazan, wee gbaa nke abụọ ya na egwuregwu ọzọ otu izu ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21963641|title=Fernando Torres scored twice to help Chelsea take a huge stride towards the Europa League's last four.|work=BBC Sport|date=4 April 2013|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22023533|title=Chelsea sealed their place in the Europa League semi-finals despite a careless second-leg defeat against Rubin Kazan in Russia.|work=BBC Sport|date=11 April 2013|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu n'ụdị ya dị mma na asọmpi ahụ site n'ịgba goolu mbụ nke otu ya na mmeri 1 South na Basel na 25 Eprel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000360/match=2010092/postmatch/report/index.html|title=Last-gasp Luiz strike leaves Chelsea in charge|publisher=UEFA|date=25 April 2013|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu ọzọ megide Basel mgbe Blues meriri 3o1 n'ụlọ wee nweta òkè ha na Europa League Final, egwuregwu nke Moses na-egosighị mana Blues meriri 2o1 megide Benfica na Amsterdam na 15 Mee.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/10033915/Chelsea-3–FC-Basle-1-agg-5–2-match-report.html|title=Chelsea 3 FC Basle 1; agg 5–2: match report|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=2 May 2013|accessdate=22 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207055259/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/10033915/Chelsea-3%E2%80%93FC-Basle-1-agg-5%E2%80%932-match-report.html|archive-date=7 December 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000361/match=2010095/postmatch/report/index.html|title=Ivanović heads Chelsea to Europa League glory|publisher=UEFA|date=15 May 2013|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2013 na 14: Ịgbazinye Liverpool ==== Na 2 Septemba N'afọ 2013, Moses bịanyere aka na Liverpool na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/media-watch/sky-sports-moses-deal-completed|title=Moses deal completed|publisher=Liverpool FC|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=2 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905103418/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/media-watch/sky-sports-moses-deal-completed|archivedate=5 September 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ na nke mbụ ya na 16 Septemba megide Swansea City na 2 na-aga n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24012560|title=Swansea 2 Liverpool 2|date=16 September 2013|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2014, ọ gbara goolu mbụ nke mmeri 2 na AFC Bournemouth na agba nke anọ nke iko FA.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bournemouth 0 – 2 Liverpool|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25789339|accessdate=7 February 2014|work=BBC Sport|date=25 January 2014}}</ref> N'ihi ụdị Raheem Sterling n'oge oge N'afọ 2013 na 14, Moses chọtara ohere siri ike ịbịa n'okpuru Brendan Rodgers, na-egwu egwuregwu 22 nke naanị itoolu n'ime ha malitere.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chelsea fury as Liverpool sideline striker Victor Moses|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/10554657/Chelsea-fury-as-Liverpool-sideline-striker-Victor-Moses.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=16 November 2014}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2014 na afọ 15: Ịgbazinye Stoke City ==== N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, Moses sonyeere Stoke City na mgbazinye maka oge N'afọ 2014 na afọ 15.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moses moves to Stoke|url=http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2014/08/moses-moves-to-stoke.html|work=Chelsea F.C|accessdate=16 August 2014}}</ref> O mere egwuregwu Njikọ Njikọ mbụ ya maka Stoke City na 30 Ọgọstụ na mmeri 1 na Manchester City.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Man City 0–1 Stoke|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28907276|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref> Na mmeri Stoke meriri Newcastle United na 29 Septemba, Moses nyere aka maka otu goolu Peter Crouch gbara ma họpụta ya Nwoke nke egwuregwu maka arụmọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stoke 1–0 Newcastle|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29305924|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba, na mmeri ha meriri Swansea City, Moses meriri ntaramahụhụ mgbe ọ gbadatara n'okpuru ihe ịma aka nke Àngel Rangel; mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, onye njikwa Swansea Garry Monk kwuru na Moses dara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stoke 2–1 Swansea|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29586592|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Swansea boss Garry Monk criticises 'cheat' Victor Moses|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29682896|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> Onye na-ahụ maka ''egwuregwu nke ụbọchị'' nke abụọ bụ John Hartson kwukwara na Moses ghọgburu, mana o mechara rịọ Moses mgbaghara maka okwu ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Hartson apologises to Stoke's Victor Moses over 'cheat' claims|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29770009|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> Moses gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Stoke na 1 Nọvemba na 2 na West Ham United.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stoke 2–2 West Ham|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29768017|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> O merụrụ ahụ n'apata ụkwụ megide Burnley na 22 Nọvemba nke mere ka ọ ghara ịga izu asatọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victor Moses: Stoke City striker faces eight weeks out|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30210377|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2015, Moses laghachiri na mbido megide Leicester City, nke mechiri na mmeri Stoke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leicester City vs Stoke City|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/01/17/england/premier-league/leicester-city-fc/stoke-city-fc/1703921/|work=Soccerway|date=17 January 2015}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Moses gbara penalty na nkeji iri itoolu iji nweta Stoke mmeri iri abụọ na iri na otu na ndị na-asọmpi Midlands Aston Villa na Villa Park.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aston Villa 1–2 Stoke|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31466727|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 April 2015}}</ref> O nwetakwara goolu na mmeri 2 na Everton na 4 Machị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stoke 2–0 Everton|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31616988|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=14 April 2015}}</ref> Site na André Schürrle na Mohamed Salah na-apụ na-adịgide adịgide na ịgbazinye ego, n'otu n'otu, a mara ọkwa na onye njikwa Chelsea bụ José Mourinho gbalịrị icheta Moses site na Stoke n'etiti oge, naanị maka onye na-agba ọsọ ịjụ ịlaghachi azụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Victor Moses rejected return to Chelsea|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/11486800/Victor-Moses-rejected-return-to-Chelsea.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref> Moses merụrụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu megide West Ham na 11 Eprel, nke mere ka ọ ghara ịga n'ihu n'oge fọdụrụnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victor Moses returns to Stamford Bridge with injury|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/11535854/Chelsea-news-Victor-Moses-returns-to-Stamford-Bridge-with-injury.html|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/11535854/Chelsea-news-Victor-Moses-returns-to-Stamford-Bridge-with-injury.html|archivedate=12 January 2022|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=14 April 2015}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2015 na afọ 16: Ịgbazinye West Ham United ==== [[Usòrò:West_Ham_United_Vs_Manchester_City_(24366292089).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Moses na bọọlụ n'oge ọ na-agbazinye na West Ham United, na-egwuri egwu megide Manchester City na 2016]] Mgbe oge gara nke ọma na Stoke, Moses laghachiri na Blues wee pụta na egwuregwu anọ niile tupu oge ezumike ma gbaa otu ugboro, megide Paris Saint-Germain F.C. Moses mere asọmpi mbụ ya kemgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2015 megide Arsenal maka Ọta obodo mgbe ọ nọchiri John Terry na nkeji nke iri asatọ na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paris Saint-Germain 1–1 Chelsea|url=http://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/chelsea/live-commentary/live-commentary-psg-vs-chelsea_235428.html|date=25 July 2015}}</ref> Egwuregwu ahụ gwụrụ na Chelsea meriri 1 0 .<ref>{{Cite web|title=FA Community Shield: Arsenal vs Chelsea|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/33500342|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=20 August 2015}}</ref> A gụnyekwara Moses na bench n'oge egwuregwu mbụ nke oge ahụ megide Swansea City, ọ bụ ezie na ọ pụtaghị ka Chelsea dọtara 2 Xia2.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/08/08/england/premier-league/chelsea-football-club/swansea-city-afc/2043051/|title=Chelsea vs. Swansea City 2 – 2 (8/8/15)|date=8 August 2015|publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, Moses sonyeere West Ham United na mgbazinye oge.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Moses signs on loan|url=http://www.whufc.com/News/Articles/2015/September/1-September/Moses-signs-on-loan|publisher=West Ham United|date=1 September 2015}}</ref> Tupu ọ banye West Ham United na mgbazinye ego, Moses bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ ọhụrụ, nke ga-eme ka ọ nọrọ na Chelsea ruo 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|title=New Deal for Moses|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2015/08/new-deal-for-moses.html|publisher=Chelsea FC|date=1 September 2015}}</ref> Moses mere West Ham mbụ ya na 14 Septemba na mmeri 2 na Newcastle United, ebe a kpọrọ ya Nwoke nke Egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34171138|title=West Ham 2–0 Newcastle United|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=15 September 2015}}</ref> N'egwuregwu nke abụọ ya, na 19 Septemba megide Manchester City, Moses gbara naanị goolu West Ham ya, na mmeri 1 02.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34191909|title=Manchester City 1–2 West Ham|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=20 September 2015}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Disemba, n'oge egwuregwu ahụ megide Manchester United, Moses nwere mmerụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ nke mere ka ọ ghara ịga ruo n'ọnwarị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/west-ham-united/story/2744994/west-ham-forward-victor-moses-to-undergo-scan-on-hamstring|title=West Ham's Victor Moses to undergo scan on hamstring injury|publisher=ESPN|date=7 December 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel, a kpughere na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego nwekwara nhọrọ iji mee ka ọ gaa na njedebe nke oge, mana West Ham kpebiri ịjụ nhọrọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11685/10230070/west-ham-to-let-alex-song-victor-moses-and-emmanuel-emenike-leave-8211-sky-sources|title=West Ham to let Alex Song, Victor Moses and Emmanuel Emenike leave – Sky sources|date=4 April 2016|publisher=SkySports}}</ref> ==== Oge 201617 ==== [[Usòrò:Leicester_0_Chelsea_3_(31510599933).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Moses (''n'etiti'') na onye otu mba ''Wilfred Ndidi'' (n'aka nri) na-egwuri egwu maka Chelsea megide ndị mmeri Leicester City, 2017]] Mgbe o masịrị onye njikwa ọhụrụ Antonio Conte n'oge mmalite oge, a gụnyere Moses na ndị otu mbụ. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, Moses gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Chelsea n'ime afọ atọ, na-apụta n'oche maka Eden Hazard megide West Ham United na mmeri 2.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37006707|title=Chelsea 2–1 West Ham: Costa's late strike earns Conte's first Premier League win|date=15 August 2016|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, Moses bidoro nke mbụ ya wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya kemgbe ọ laghachiri, na agba nke abụọ nke iko EFL megide Bristol Rovers na mmeri 3[[2.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chelsea 3–2 Bristol Rovers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37091061|work=BBC Sport|date=23 August 2016|accessdate=23 August 2016}}</ref> Mgbe e merisịrị ya n'azụ azụ, Conte gbanwere n'ime usoro 3<nowiki>[[4]]</nowiki> na Moses na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-agbachitere n'akụkụ aka nri na egwuregwu na-esonụ megide Hull City. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere Chelsea nyeere aka inwe mmeri 2 na-emekwa ka ọ bụrụ Nwoke nke Egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37459840|title=Hull City 0–2 Chelsea|date=1 October 2016|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, Moses gbara goolu nke abụọ ya n'egwuregwu ahụ megide Leicester City na mmeri n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37594219|title=Chelsea 3–0 Leicester City|date=15 August 2016|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2016, Moses meriri Tottenham Hotspur na mmeri nke abụọ na otu ma kpọọ ya Nwoke nke Egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/chelsea-vs-tottenham/356457|title=Chelsea 2–1 Tottenham Hotspur: Blues maintain hold of top spot|publisher=Sky Sports|date=26 September 2016}}</ref> Moses gbara egwuregwu iri anọ na asọmpi niile maka Chelsea n'afọ 2016 na afọ iri na asaa, na-agba goolu anọ. Site na Chelsea na-emeri n'asọmpi Premier League, Moses ghọrọ onye egwuregwu Naijiria na-eme ọtụtụ egwuregwu Premier League maka otu mmeri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/sports/football/chelseas-victor-moses-is-a-premier-league-winner-id6670904.html|title=Chelsea"s Victor Moses is a Premier League winner|first=Steve|author=Dede|accessdate=29 May 2017|archivedate=6 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606055919/http://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/chelseas-victor-moses-is-a-premier-league-winner-id6670904.html}}</ref> Moses kpatara nnukwu esemokwu n'oge 2017 FA Cup Final megide Arsenal nke Chelsea meriri 2<nowiki>[[1]]</nowiki>]. Ebe ọ bụ na edepụtara ya maka mmejọ Danny Welbeck na mbụ, e nyere ya ndebanye aha nke abụọ, nke mere ka ọ nweta kaadị uhie, mgbe ọ gbasịrị n'ebe a na-eme ntaramahụhụ. Ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu nke ise a chụpụrụ na ngwụcha FA Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/05/28/fa-cup-final-victor-moses-joins-four-players-hall-shame/|title=FA Cup final: Victor Moses joins four other players in hall of shame|date=28 May 2017|accessdate=29 May 2017}}</ref> E mere egwuregwu ahụ ụbọchị ise mgbe bọmbụ Manchester Arena nke mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụmụaka, nwụrụ. Chelsea eyighị armbands ojii n'oge ọkara mbụ mana o mere n'oge nke abụọ. Mgbe ahụ, Moses, mgbe ọ na-apụ n'ámá egwuregwu wepụrụ nke ya ma tụba ya n'ala, na-akpata iwe na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, ọtụtụ na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ naghị egosi nkwanye ùgwù nye ndị nwụrụ anwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/twitter-angrily-responds-victor-moses-115020620.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFkzgoqiYf1b96ikHRvED0jbJaYh0gkAunvi-T4zb5Lw88JmZCKHnAZmX8mLXodq3W4cCsZki2kYjDvLNv0WzdBvm9-vr5Trwu03Xt3J3uqiV1SzvSNWy-GvzengPT8y_ChYV8uu9Zhk_l55h_YTZs-Vp74DBww5ec5loyZ4oTsx|title=Twitter angrily responds to Victor Moses discarding his black armband following FA Cup dismissal|date=28 May 2017|accessdate=4 June 2020|archivedate=3 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603235121/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/twitter-angrily-responds-victor-moses-115020620.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFkzgoqiYf1b96ikHRvED0jbJaYh0gkAunvi-T4zb5Lw88JmZCKHnAZmX8mLXodq3W4cCsZki2kYjDvLNv0WzdBvm9-vr5Trwu03Xt3J3uqiV1SzvSNWy-GvzengPT8y_ChYV8uu9Zhk_l55h_YTZs-Vp74DBww5ec5loyZ4oTsx}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2017-18 ==== Moses gbara goolu mmeghe na N'afọ 2017 FA Community Shield, nke Chelsea meriri ndị na-asọmpi Arsenal na penalties.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Arsenal lift Community Shield|date=6 August 2017|accessdate=21 February 2018|work=thefa.com|publisher=The Football Association|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2017/aug/04/fa-community-shield-arsenal-chelsea-report-060817}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2018-19: Ịkwụ ụgwọ na Fenerbahçe ==== Na Jenụwarị N'afọ 2019, Moses bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ọnwa iri na asatọ na otu [[Turkéy|Turkey]], Fenerbahçe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46984393|title=Victor Moses: Chelsea winger completes Fenerbahce loan|date=25 January 2019|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=26 January 2019}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2019, Moses gbara goolu mbụ ya na Fenerbahçe n'asọmpi ahụ n'asọmpị ahụ n'egwuregwu 2 na Göztepe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1219383-fenerbahce-2-0-goztepe-victor-moses-scores-turkish-league-goal.html|title=Fenerbahçe 2 - 0 Göztepe: Victor Moses scores first Turkish league goal|accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref> ==== Afọ 2019: Ịgbazinye Inter Milan ==== Mgbe e belatara nkwekọrịta Fenerbahçe, Moses bịanyere aka na Inter Milan na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ọnwa isii na nhọrọ ịzụta na 23 Jenụwarị N'afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inter.it/en/news/2020/01/22/official-victor-moses-inter.html|title=Victor Moses signs for Inter|date=23 January 2020|work=inter.it|accessdate=23 January 2020}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu atọ bụbu ndị Premier League sonyeere Inter Milan na windo Jenụwarị, n'akụkụ Ashley Young na Christian Eriksen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/d933aad42c1ada14c478ea33db645bc3|title=Eriksen completes transfer to Inter from Tottenham|date=28 January 2020|work=apnews.com|accessdate=2020-02-02}}</ref> O mere klọb mbụ ya na 29 Jenụwarị, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri Antonio Candreva na ọkara nke abụọ na mmeri Fiorentina n'ụlọ na nkeji iri na ise nke Coppa Italia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51304229|title=Inter Milan 2–1 Fiorentina|publisher=BBC Sport|date=29 January 2020|accessdate=30 January 2020}}</ref> O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na 2 Febụwarị, malite n'aka nri na mmeri 2 na Udinese.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/149565/line-ups-udinese-v-inter|title=Line-ups: Udinese v Inter {{!}} Football Italia|work=football-italia.net|accessdate=2 February 2020}}</ref> ==== Oge nke afọ 2020: Ịkwụ ụgwọ na Spartak Moscow ==== N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2020, Moses sonyeere otu egwuregwu Russian Premier League Spartak Moscow na mgbazinye oge na nhọrọ ịzụta.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[FC Spartak Moscow]]|url=https://spartak.com/news/2020-10-15-viktor_mozes__igrok_spartaka/|title=Виктор Мозес — игрок "Спартака"!|date=15 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> Ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị n'ụbọchị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba, o mere nke mbụ ya na klọb ahụ site na bench na mmeri 3 na 2 megide Khimki.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[FC Spartak Moscow]]|url=https://spartak.com/news/2020-10-17-pobeda_v_khimkakh_goly_kokorina_ponse_i_larssona_debyuty_mozesa_i_oganesyana/|title=Победа в Химках! Голы Кокорина, Понсе и Ларссона, дебюты Мозеса и Оганесяна!|date=17 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya dị ka onye mbido wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya maka Spartak na mmeri 3 na 1 megide Krasnodar.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[FC Spartak Moscow]]|url=https://spartak.com/videos/23927541/|title=Сыграли в кайф в Краснодаре! За кадром яркой победы над "быками"|date=25 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2021, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke 2020 Russian Premier League megide FC Akhmat Grozny iji guzobe akara ikpeazụ nke 2 . Isi ihe Spartak nwetara nwetara nwetara nwetara ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ntinye nke Champions League maka klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Russian Premier League]]|url=https://eng.premierliga.ru/match/match_13873.html|title=Akhmat v Spartak game report|date=16 May 2021}}</ref> === Spartak Moscow === N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, Chelsea kwupụtara na Moses emechaala ịkwaga Spartak Moscow, na-akwụsị mmekọrịta afọ itoolu ya na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/2021/07/02/victor-moses-completes-russian-transfer|title=Victor Moses completes Russian transfer|publisher=Chelsea F.C.|date=2 July 2021|accessdate=2 July 2021}}</ref> Spartak mara ọkwa n'otu ụbọchị ahụ na ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[FC Spartak Moscow]]|url=https://spartak.com/news/2021-07-02-mozes_podpisal_kontrakt_so_spartakom_na_dva_goda/|title=Мозес подписал контракт со "Спартаком" на два года|date=2 July 2021|language=ru}}</ref> Na 10 Febụwarị 2022, Moses gbatịkwuru nkwekọrịta ya na Spartak ruo 2024. Moses meriri 2021-22 Russian Cup na klọb ya na 29 Mee na mmeri 2-1 Old Russian Derby meriri Dynamo Moscow. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == === England === ==== U16 na U17 ==== N'agbanyeghị na o si Kaduna, Naịjirịa, Moses họọrọ na mbụ ịnọchite anya ebe obibi ya nke England, na-egosi maka ndị otu na-erubeghị afọ iri na isii, ebe ọ meriri Victory Shield na N'afọ 2005, na ọkwa na-erughị afọ iri na asaa. Ya na ndị otu ahụ gara N'afọ 2007 UEFA European U-17 Championship na [[Belgium]], na-agba goolu ugboro atọ (gụnyere naanị goolu na mmeri ikpeazụ na France) iji nyere John Peacock aka na asọmpi ikpeazụ, ebe Spain meriri ha otu goolu, ọ bụ ezie na Moses jisiri ike mechaa dị ka onye kacha gbaa goolu na asọmpi ahụ ma nweta Golden Boot maka ime otú ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victor Moses' Biography: From asylum seeker to African champion|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/507763/victor-moses-biography-from-asylum-seeker-to-african-champ.html|accessdate=2022-05-27|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> N'otu oge okpomọkụ ahụ, ndị otu ahụ gara South Korea maka FIFA U-17 World Cup. Moses mechiri dị ka onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ nke Young Lions, na-agba bọọlụ ugboro atọ na egwuregwu Group B, mana o merụrụ ahụ na mmeri ya meriri Brazil nke mere ka ọ pụọ na asọmpi ahụ. Ndị otu Moses gara n'ihu ruo n'ọkwa nke anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-01|title=Football Star Victor Moses Full Biography Life And News|url=https://www.takemetonaija.com/2015/11/football-star-victor-moses-full.html|accessdate=2022-05-27|work=TIN Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> ==== U19s ==== Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, a kwalitere Moses ka ọ bụrụ onye na-erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ, ma na-agbaso ihe ọ na-eme maka ndị otu mbụ nke Crystal Palace, a kwaliri ya ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-erughị afọ iri na itoolu n'enweghị ihe zuru ezu maka U-18 iji nweta okpu n'ezie. Ọ gara na U-19s na 2008 UEFA European U-19 Championship na [[Chekia|Czech Republic]], na-egwu egwuregwu abụọ ma na-enweta otu enyemaka ka Young Lions na-enweghị ike ịpụta na Group B. Nkọwa na-etolite ka onye njikwa Stuart Pearce na-eleghara ya anya na Moses ga-alaghachi igwu egwu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2010 FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victor Moses' Biography: From asylum seeker to African champion|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/507763/victor-moses-biography-from-asylum-seeker-to-african-champ.html|accessdate=2022-05-27|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> ==== U21s ==== A kwalitere Moses ka ọ bụrụ onye na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na otu na mbido oge N'afọ 2010 na iri na otu wee mee nke mbụ ya megide Uzbekistan na mmeri abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thefa.com/England/mens-under-21s/News/match-centre/2010/EnglandvUzbekistan/Teamsheets?p=ts&mid=102750|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20110402053009/http://www.thefa.com/England/mens-under-21s/News/match-centre/2010/EnglandvUzbekistan/Teamsheets?p=ts&mid=102750|archivedate=2 April 2011|title=Teamsheets|publisher=The Football Association|accessdate=1 October 2012}}</ref> === Naịjirịa === [[Usòrò:Iran_and_Nigeria_match_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup_2014-06-12_15.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Moses na-egwuri egwu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] megide Iran na 2014 FIFA World Cup.]] A họpụtara Moses ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] megide Guatemala na Febụwarị N'afọ 2011, mana a kagburu egwuregwu enyi na enyi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180131023459/http://www.kickoff.com/news/19690/shola-ameobi-victor-moses-get-nigeria-call.php Ameobi, Moses get Nigeria call]. kickoff.com. 14 January 2011.</ref> Ọ nabatara oku na Machị 2011 maka egwuregwu Naịjirịa megide Ethiopia na Kenya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/9431866.stm|title=Victor Moses gets late Nigeria call|work=BBC Sport|date=24 March 2011|accessdate=7 December 2012}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a chụpụrụ ya n'egwuregwu ndị ahụ n'ihi na enwetaghị akwụkwọ ya na FIFA iji gbanwee mba n'oge. A mara ọkwa na 1 Nọvemba N'afọ 2011 na FIFA ewepụla Moses na Shola Ameobi ka ha gwuo egwu maka Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15524642.stm|title=Fifa clears Shola Ameobi, Moses to play for Nigeria|date=1 November 2011|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 November 2011}}</ref> A kpọrọ Moses ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naịjirịa maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013, na-enweta ntaramahụhụ abụọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha na Etiopia, nke Naịjarịa chọrọ iji merie iji gafee. Maka nke abụọ, e nyere onye na-edebe goolu nke Etiopia bụ Sisay Bancha akwụkwọ nke abụọ ya na ihe omume ndị dugara na penalty ma chụpụ ya. Ethiopia ejirila ndị nnọchi anya atọ ahụ mee ihe n'ihi ya onye na-ejide ha n'etiti etiti gara n'ime goolu, wee hapụ penalty Moses. Egwuregwu ahụ gwụrụ n'afọ 2-0. Naịjirịa gara n'ihu merie asọmpi ahụ, nke atọ ha. Moses malitere na ngwụcha wee gbaa egwuregwu ahụ dum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> A họpụtara Moses maka ndị otu Naịjirịa maka N'afọ 2014 FIFA World Cup<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/nigeria/10810433/Nigeria-World-Cup-2014-squad.html|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/nigeria/10810433/Nigeria-World-Cup-2014-squad.html|archivedate=12 January 2022|title=Nigeria World Cup 2014 squad|first=Telegraph|author=Sport|date=2 June 2014}}</ref> wee malite na egwuregwu mmeghe ha na agba nke 16 megide France ka ha meriri 2 00.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27969976|title=France 2-0 Nigeria|date=30 June 2014}}</ref> [[Usòrò:FWC_2018_-_Group_D_-_NGA_v_ISL_-_Photo_37.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Moses na-agba ọsọ n'efu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] n'oge 2018 FIFA World Cup.]] Mgbe Gernot Rohr malitere dị ka onye isi nchịkwa Naịjirịa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ N'afọ 2016, Moses gosipụtara mgbe niile na egwuregwu FIFA 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espnfc.com/nigeria/story/2984833/premier-league-duo-victor-moses-odion-ighalo-earn-nigeria-recalls|title=Premier League duo Victor Moses, Odion Ighalo earn Nigeria recalls|date=30 October 2016|publisher=ESPN FC|accessdate=12 November 2016}}</ref> Moses nyere Naịjirịa akara n'oge egwuregwu FIFA N'afọ 2018 megide Algeria na Nọvemba 2016, na-enyere ha aka inweta mmeri 3o1 .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/11/12/chelsea-duo-victor-moses-and-john-obi-mikel-seal-win-for-nigeria-6254332/|title=Chelsea duo Victor Moses and John Obi Mikel seal win for Nigeria|date=12 November 2016|work=Metro|accessdate=12 November 2016}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya na [[Nigeria national football team|ndị otu]] mmadụ iri atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 World Cup na Russia, ebe ọ nwetara ihe dị mkpa megide Argentina, ọ bụ ezie na, akụkụ ya meriri egwuregwu ahụ na nkeji ole na ole iji hụ Argentina site na Naijiria ka e wepụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb|title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad - 23-man & preliminary lists & when will they be announced? - Goal.com}}</ref> Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, Moses mara ọkwa na 15 Ọgọstụ na ọ lara ezumike nká n'ịgba bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45200919|title=Victor Moses: Chelsea's Nigeria winger announces international retirement at 27|work=BBC Sport|date=15 August 2018|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Moses tolitere na-akwado Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victor Moses: Talentspotter|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/victor-moses-talentspotter|work=FourFourTwo|accessdate=16 June 2017|date=1 December 2009}}</ref> O nwere nwa nwoke, Brentley, (amụrụ n'afọ 2012) na nwa nwanyị, Nyah, (amuru n'afọ 2015).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victor Moses dedicates brace to his son Brentley|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4687/2015-afcon-qualification/2013/01/30/3713255/victor-moses-dedicates-brace-to-his-son-brentley|work=Goal.com|accessdate=16 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Congratulations Mr and Mrs Moses|url=http://www.chelsea.vitalfootball.co.uk/article.asp?a=550384|work=Chelsea Vital|accessdate=9 February 2015|archivedate=25 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205954/http://www.chelsea.vitalfootball.co.uk/article.asp?a=550384}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|<!--match played--> 6 August 2022}}<ref name=Sb>{{cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=47716 |title=Victor Moses: Football Stats |publisher=Soccerbase |access-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref><ref name=Soccerway>{{Soccerway|viktor-moses/25395}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ klọb ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="4" |Crystal Palace |2007-08 |Mmeri |13 |3 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |2 |0 |16 |3 |- |200809 |Mmeri |27 |2 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |32 |2 |- |2009 na iri |Mmeri |18 |6 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |21 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !58 !11 !5 !0 !4 !0 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !2 !0 !69 !11 |- | rowspan="5" |Wigan Athletic |2009 na iri<ref name="sb0910">{{Soccerbase season|47716|2009|access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref> |Njikọ Premier |14 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |14 |1 |- |2010-11 |Njikọ Premier |21 |1 |2 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |26 |2 |- |2011-12 |Njikọ Premier |38 |6 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |39 |6 |- |201213 |Njikọ Premier |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !74 !8 !3 !0 !3 !1 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !80 !9 |- | rowspan="6" |Chelsea |201213<ref name="sb1213">{{Soccerbase season|47716|2012|access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref> |Njikọ Premier |23 |1 |5 |2 |3 |2 |10 |5 |2 |0 |43 |10 |- |201516 |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |- |201617 |Njikọ Premier |34 |3 |4 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |40 |4 |- |2017 18 |Njikọ Premier |28 |3 |3 |0 |2 |0 |4 [nke dị ala-alpha 5] |0 |1 |1 |38 |4 |- |201819 |Njikọ Premier |2 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 |6 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !87 !7 !12 !2 !8 !3 !16 !5 !5 !1 !128 !18 |- |Liverpool (onye a gbazitere) |201314 |Njikọ Premier |19 |1 |2 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |22 |2 |- |Stoke City (onye a gbazitere) |2014-15 |Njikọ Premier |19 |3 |2 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |23 |4 |- |West Ham United (ụgwọ) |201516<ref name="sb1516">{{Soccerbase season|47716|2015|access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref> |Njikọ Premier |21 |1 |4 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |26 |2 |- | rowspan="3" |Fenerbahçe (onye a gbazitere) |201819<ref name="sb1819">{{Soccerbase season|47716|2018|access-date=11 August 2018}}</ref> |Süper Lig |14 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |2 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |16 |4 |- |201920 |Süper Lig |6 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |7 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !20 !5 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !23 !5 |- |Inter Milan (nke a gbazitere) |201920<ref name="sb1920">{{Soccerbase season|47716|2019|access-date=15 August 2019}}</ref> |Usoro A |12 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |5 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |20 |0 |- |Spartak Moscow (gbazinye ego) |2020 21 |Russian Premier League |19 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |20 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Spartak Moscow |2021 22 |Russian Premier League |25 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |7 |1 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |34 |3 |- |202223 |Russian Premier League |4 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị | colspan="2" |Ọdịdị |4 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !48 !8 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !7 !1 ! colspan="2" |Ọdịdị !58 !9 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ zuru ezu !359 !44 !35 !5 !19 !4 !30 !6 !7 !1 !449 !60 |} === Mba ụwa === {{updated|match played 26 June 2018}}<ref name="Moses, Victor">{{NFT player|id=46799|access-date=10 February 2013}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ndekọ mba ụwa !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="7" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2012 |6 |2 |- |2013 |11 |4 |- |2014 |6 |1 |- |2015 |0 |0 |- |2016 |4 |2 |- |2017 |3 |1 |- |2018 |7 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !37 !12 |} : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ''. {| class="wikitable" !Mba. !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ndị a tụrụ !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1 | rowspan="2" |13 Ọktoba 2012 | rowspan="2" |U. J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria | rowspan="2" | Liberia |{{center|'''3'''–0}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |6 na 1 | rowspan="2" |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |2 |{{center|'''6'''–1}} |- |3 | rowspan="2" |29 Jenụwarị 2013 | rowspan="2" |Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Rustenburg, South Africa | rowspan="2" | Ethiopia |{{center|'''1'''–0}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |2 na 0 | rowspan="2" |2013 Africa Cup of Nations |- |4 |{{center|'''2'''–0}} |- |5 |7 Septemba 2013 |U.J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria | Malawi |{{center|'''2'''–0}} |{{center|2–0}} |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |6 |16 Nọvemba 2013 |U.J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria | Ethiopia |{{center|'''1'''–0}} |{{center|2–0}} |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |7 |7 June 2014 |EverBank Field, Jacksonville, United States | United States |{{center|'''1'''–2}} |{{center|1–2}} |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |8 | rowspan="2" |12 Nọvemba 2016 | rowspan="2" |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria | rowspan="2" | Algeria |{{center|'''1'''–0}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |31 Nke 1 | rowspan="3" |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |9 |{{center|'''3'''–1}} |- |10 |1 Septemba 2017 |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, Uyo, Nigeria | Cameroon |{{center|'''3'''–0}} |{{center|4–0}} |- |11 |23 Machị 2018 |Stadion Miejski, Wrocław, Poland | Poland |{{center|'''1'''–0}} |{{center|1–0}} |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |12 |26 June 2018 |Ogige Egwuregwu Krestovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia | Argentina |{{center|'''1'''–1}} |{{center|1–2}} |2018 FIFA World Cup |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Chelsea''' * Premier League: 201617<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/3983/Victor-Moses/overview|title=Victor Moses: Overview|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=17 April 2018}}</ref> * FA Cup: 2017 na-esote: 2016 na-eso<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44091559|title=Chelsea 1–0 Manchester United|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=19 May 2018|accessdate=19 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39984089|title=Arsenal 2–1 Chelsea|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=27 May 2017|accessdate=22 April 2019}}</ref> * UEFA Europa League: 2012 na 13, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48368406|title=Chelsea 4–1 Arsenal|first=Chris|author=Bevan|work=BBC Sport|date=29 May 2019|accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref> na<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22445388|title=Benfica 1–2 Chelsea|first=Phil|author=McNulty|work=BBC Sport|date=15 May 2013}}</ref> '''Inter Milan''' * Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Europa League: 201920 '''Spartak Moscow''' * Iko mba Rọshịa: 2021<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Russian Premier League|url=https://premierliga.ru/news/rfpl/news_28138.html|title="Спартак" обыграл "Динамо" и стал 4-кратным победителем Кубка России|date=29 May 2022|language=ru|accessdate=15 November 2022|archivedate=29 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529165639/https://premierliga.ru/news/rfpl/news_28138.html}}</ref> '''Naịjirịa''' * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21396138|title=Nigeria 1–0 Burkina Faso|first=Ian|author=Hughes|work=BBC Sport|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=17 April 2018}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * PFA Fans' Premier League Player of the Month: November 2016<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chelsea's Victor Moses wins PFA Fans' Premier League Player of the Month|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/10676716/cheleas-victor-moses-wins-pfa-fans-premier-league-player-of-the-month|publisher=Sky Sports|accessdate=4 December 2016}}</ref> == Ihe odide == == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005210129/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/teams/first-team/victor-moses?pageTab=biography Profaịlụ] na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Chelsea FC * Victor Moses at Soccerbase {{Navboxes|title=Nigeria squads|bg=#008751|fg=white|bordercolor=silver|list1={{Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{Nigeria squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}}}}{{UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship awards}} ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] npwrin0flgl4t8je7rsi9pepw9vq2d8 0 24270 728381 723683 2026-09-27T02:24:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreliable sources|date=September 2017}} {{Databox}} Shawn Faqua (  ; amuru 6 June)  bu onye omere, ihe nlere na onye ihe ngosi nke nwere otutu nhọpụta onyinye. A maara ya nke ọma maka ịkpọ Vincent na Lagos Cougars, dị ka Rambo na Ojukokoro nke Dare Olaitan na Chuks na Code of Silence Emem Isong. Ọrụ ya na Lagos Cougars mere ka ọ họpụta onyinye anọ n'ofe Africa gụnyere Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha eto eto/na-ekwe nkwa na 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards. Faqua apụtala na ihe nkiri Africa Magic Out of the ghetto (2015), Mgbe atụmatụ (2015), Oasis (usoro onyonyo), Kaadị Red (2015), Mma agha ejima (2014), ịhụnanya dị ka nke anyị (2011), anọ. Crooks and a Rookie (2011), Ebony Life's A New You (2013) na ndị ọzọ. Faqua bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ma mara na ọ na-eme nke ọma n'ọtụtụ ụda dị ka agwa ọ na-egosi chọrọ. Na Charles Novia's, Tinye mgbanaka na ya, Faqua na-arụ ọrụ nke otu nwanyị na-alụbeghị di aha ya bụ Cleopatra ma meekwa okpukpu abụọ dị ka agwa Peter. E wezụga ime ihe ngosi ihuenyo, Faqua emeela n'ọtụtụ egwuregwu ogbo. Ọ mere ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa Lagos, Guaranty Trust Bank, First City Monument Bank, ihe ngosi ejiji na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. ] Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya, o dekọtara egwu maka obere ihe nkiri, 'The Good Life', na-eme ụda ụda mbụ nke abụ 'Achọrọ m ịfụ'. == Ọrụ == Faqua gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Port-harcourt<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/mancrushmonday-shawn-faqua-has-too-much-sauce-id6573151.html|title=#ManCrushMonday: Shawn Faqua has too much sauce|author=Odumade|first=Omotolani|accessdate=11 September 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912012421/http://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/mancrushmonday-shawn-faqua-has-too-much-sauce-id6573151.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na injinia eletrik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://happenings.com.ng/birthday-shout-celebrating-nollywoods-shawn-faqua/|title=Birthday Shout! Celebrating Nollywood's Shawn Faqua - Online Entertainment and Lifestyle Magazine in Nigeria|work=happenings.com.ng|language=en-GB|accessdate=11 September 2017|archivedate=12 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912012539/http://happenings.com.ng/birthday-shout-celebrating-nollywoods-shawn-faqua/}}</ref> Ọ malitere ime ihe ngosi maka bọọdụ mgbasa ozi yana ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na-eme ihe nkiri, iduzi, ime ihe ngosi, ime ihe nkiri na ịbụ abụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://onobello.com/linda-ejofor-kiki-omeili-belinda-ettah-shawn-faqua-others-cover-la-mode-magazine/|title=Linda Ejofor, Kiki Omeili, Belinda Ettah, Shawn Faqua & Others Cover ‘La Mode Magazine’ - OnoBello.com|work=onobello.com|language=en-US|accessdate=11 September 2017|archivedate=12 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912013252/http://onobello.com/linda-ejofor-kiki-omeili-belinda-ettah-shawn-faqua-others-cover-la-mode-magazine/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistoryof-nollywood-actor-shawn-faqua/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actor Shawn Faqua – Daily Media Nigeria|work=dailymedia.com.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=11 September 2017|archivedate=12 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912013538/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistoryof-nollywood-actor-shawn-faqua/}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Faqua nwetara asambodo na ime ihe nkiri saịtị na Ọzụzụ nkwalite Nollywood na njikọ ya na Ebe etiti maka nka onyonyo dijitalụ na Mahadum Boston. N'afọ 2014, ọ gbanwere site n'ọrụ injinia ya gaa n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri oge niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/tag/shawn-faqua/|title=Shawn Faqua Archives – The Nation Nigeria|work=The Nation Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.glamafrica.com/2017/07/26/adesua-etomi-chris-attoh-tina-mba-shawn-faqua-to-satr-in-movie-in-line-set-to-hit-cinemas/|title=Adesua Etomi, Chris Attoh, Tina Mba, Shawn Faqua to satr in movie, "In Line," set to hit cinemas|date=26 July 2017|work=Glam Africa|accessdate=11 September 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912013310/http://www.glamafrica.com/2017/07/26/adesua-etomi-chris-attoh-tina-mba-shawn-faqua-to-satr-in-movie-in-line-set-to-hit-cinemas/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Faqua na-arụ ọrụ ndị dị egwu, ihe ịma aka, ihe na-atọ ọchị, siri ike na ihe na-eme ọchị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodaccess.com/5-hot-actors-to-look-out-for/|title=5 Hot Actors to Look Out For in 2014|work=www.nollywoodaccess.com|language=en-US|accessdate=11 September 2017|archivedate=12 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011404/http://www.nollywoodaccess.com/5-hot-actors-to-look-out-for/}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime mmepụta ndị e gosipụtara ya na-ekwu maka okwu ndị dị mkpa gbasara ịhụnanya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọdịbendị, ikike mmadụ, esemokwu, ndina n'ike, aghụghọ, ọrụ na-enweghị ọdịmma onwe onye na ịchụ àjà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://peacebenwilliams.com/dear-nigerians-things-to-consider-as-you-vote-on-saturday-lessons-from-the-good-life-rap-musical/|title=politics|author=|first=|date=|work=|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riseuptogether.org/en/storytelling/film-zahra/|title=Film: Zahra – Rise Up|work=www.riseuptogether.org|language=en-US|accessdate=10 September 2017|archivedate=1 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001183514/http://www.riseuptogether.org/en/storytelling/film-zahra/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/patience-ozokwor-segun-arinze-shawn-faqua-more-star-in-nollywood-drama-zahra-watch-the-trailer/|title=Patience Ozokwor, Segun Arinze, Shawn Faqua & More star in Nollywood Drama "Zahra" {{!}} Watch the Trailer - BellaNaija|work=www.bellanaija.com|language=en-US|accessdate=11 September 2017}}</ref> A maara ya ka ọ na-enyocha onye ọ bụla ọ na-eme ugboro ugboro ma na-elebara nkọwa anya (asụsụ, ịkpọpụta, ụdị na ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara onye ọ na-ese), dịka ọ chọrọ ịkọ akụkọ na-akpali akpali na nke a pụrụ ikwere. Shawn na-enwe mmasị ịgụ, ịgba egwú, igwu tenis, ime njem na ikiri ihe nkiri. Ọ bi ugbu a n'obodo [[Lagos]], Naịjirịa. == Ọrụ ebere == Faqua abụwo onye a ma ama na-akwado Red Cross nke Nigeria. Ọ malitere ọrụ ebere n'afọ 2004 ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Excos nke ndị ntorobịa megide nje HIV na AIDS na mmekorita ya na Nwanyị mbụ nke gọọmenti etiti Naijiria [[Stella Obasanjo]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200408040291.html|title=Nigeria: Nuga Gets Presidential Backing|author=Olajire|first=Ademola|date=4 August 2004|work=Vanguard (Lagos)|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref> na egwuregwu NUGA nke isi ihe lekwasịrị anya bụ ime ka ndị ntorobịa mara na nyocha ndụmọdụ afọ ofufo (VCT) maka enyemaka HIV. Shawn bụkwa onye isi oche nke Ndị ntorobịa megidere iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka (YAWAT) na Abuja, Naịjirịa. N'afọ 2016, ya na ndị agha Naịjirịa jikọrọ aka maka ọrụ ndị dike dara ada ka ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi 'Kewapụrụ' iji kwado ndị dike niile dara ada na ndị ha hụrụ n'anya. Kemgbe ahụ, Faqua emeela ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na-egosi nkwado maka ọrụ ebere na enyemaka ọdachi. == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == E gosipụtara Shawn na ihe ngosi okwu dịka Obi nke okwu ebe ọ na-ekwu okwu na 'Ezi Nna na Nwoke', Twitchat na akụkọ Blecyn na Tribe na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@Blecyn1/actor-shawn-faqua-speaks-on-partners-living-together-before-marriage-79ad578ccf53|title=Actor Shawn Faqua Speaks On "Partners Living Together Before Marriage"…|date=14 July 2017|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref> O meela ihe ngosi dị ka Urban Royale's Magazine Mwepụta na Retro 52 ihe omume nnwere onwe ebe ọ bụ onye na-akwado ma na-egosi. Ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka itinye ndị ntorobịa, na-enyere ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá aka n'enweghị ihe nlereanya dị mma na ndụ ha na-emetụta saịtị na ịbanye n'usoro site na ntụrụndụ. == Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2010 |''Omenala Ikpeazụ'' | | |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Ịhụnanya dị ka nke anyị'' | | |- |''Ndị aghụghọ anọ na onye ọhụrụ'' |Ọnwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |<nowiki><i id="mweQ">Igurube ọdọ mmiri</i></nowiki> |Vincent | |- |<nowiki><i id="mwfw">Gidi elu</i></nowiki> | |Usoro |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |''Mgbe arịrịọ ahụ gasịrị'' | | |- |''Ị Ọhụrụ'' |Wale | |- |''Nye Ka Eze Nwe Ka Eze'' | | |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Nri a na-enweta'' | |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |''Ebe Ndị Oasis'' |KK |Usoro |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Kaadị uhie'' | | |- |''Site na Ghetto'' | | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Isi n'elu ụkwụ'' | |Usoro |- |''Ojukokoro'' |Rambo | |- |''Zahra'' |Jekọb | |- |''Nke a'' |Prince | |- | rowspan="7" |2017 |''Ntinye n'ime'' | | |- |''Ọnụ Ụzọ'' | | |- |''Nwa Ọka Shuga'' | | |- |''Onye nleta Ọgọstụ'' | | |- |''Ihe mkpuchi'' | |Usoro |- |''3 Ndị ọzọ'' | | |- |''Enweghị ụzọ isi pụta'' |Bovi | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ndị Ozu Atọ'' | | |- |<nowiki><i id="mw7Q">Ibi ndụ n'ịbụ ohu: Ịgbapụ n'Ime Otu</i></nowiki> | | |- |2022 |Ọgbụgba ndụ Ọbara | | |} == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Ụdị !Ọrụ !Nsonaazụ !Ref |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |Ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma | rowspan="3" |''Lagos Cougar'' |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Movie Academy Awards winners|url=http://www.screenafrica.com/pls/cms/iac.page?p_t1=2054&p_t2=7877&p_t3=0&p_t4=0&p_dynamic=YP&p_content_id=1642808&p_site_id=103|accessdate=10 September 2017|work=www.screenafrica.com|archivedate=11 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911024441/http://www.screenafrica.com/pls/cms/iac.page?p_t1=2054&p_t2=7877&p_t3=0&p_t4=0&p_dynamic=YP&p_content_id=1642808&p_site_id=103}}</ref> |- |[[Nollywood Movies Awards|Ihe nrite Nollywood Movies]] |Kpakpando Kasị Mma |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nollywood Movies Awards|url=http://www.nollywoodmoviesawards.tv/nma_site/the_awards/|accessdate=11 September 2017|work=www.nollywoodmoviesawards.tv|language=en-US|archivedate=9 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309235442/http://www.nollywoodmoviesawards.tv/nma_site/the_awards/}}</ref> |- |Ihe nrite ntụrụndụ nke Nigeria |Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 May 2014|title=Full Nominees List Of Nigeria Entertainment Awards [Nea Awards] 2014|language=en|work=Wadupnaija|url=http://wadupnaija.com/2014/05/full-nominees-list-of-nea-awards-2014.html|accessdate=11 September 2017|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912013542/http://wadupnaija.com/2014/05/full-nominees-list-of-nea-awards-2014.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Ihe nrite Golden Icons Academy Movie |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha nwee olileanya |{{n/a}} |{{Nom}} | |- |2015 |Ihe nrite Golden Movie |Onye na-akwado Golden (Ihe nkiri) | |{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |Emume Egwú Ụwa na Ihe nkiri Na-enweghị Onwe |Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma |''3 ụfọdụ'' |{{Nom}} |<ref name="wmiff.net">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wmiff.net/nominees|title=World Music & Independent Film Festival|work=World Music & Independent Film Festival|accessdate=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220149/http://www.wmiff.net/nominees|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2018 |[[2018 Best of Nollywood Awards|Ihe nrite kacha mma nke Nollywood]] |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Yoruba |''Onye Nkwado Onwe Onye'' |{{Won}} |<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2018|title=BON Awards 2018: Mercy Aigbe, Tana Adelana shine at 10th edition|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2018-mercy-aigbe-tana-adelana-shine-at-10th-edition/v9fvvnn|accessdate=23 December 2019|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2022 |Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na Comedy |''Soole'' |{{pending}} |<ref>{{Cite news|title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021|accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref> |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8ua3fu6riu2z0mb9u7u29wcp2gvvgs4 3 24351 728470 725710 2026-09-27T11:56:40Z MediaWiki message delivery 4554 /* Tech News: 2026-39 */ nkeji ohúrù 728470 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka == {| style="background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Bronzewiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Onye ntụgharị Ukwu nke afọ 2022''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na <span class="plainlinks">[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]</span>. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị iri isii'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 11:29, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC) |} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mee 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_2&oldid=26721207 --> == Ihe nrite maka gị! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #ffffff;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Cleanup Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Cleanup Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Daalụ nke ukwuu maka ị dị uchu na ntinye aka gị n'ihe omume '''72 Hours Marathon Edit-a-thon.''' Ndezigharị gị na-enye aka idozi Igbo Wikipedia. Nrite a bụ ekele maka nnukwu ntinye aka gị. Gaa n’ihu na-achakepụ! [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 09:32, 2 Jụn 2025 (UTC) |} :Daalụ riine maka onyinye a [[Ojiarụ:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Sayvhior|ṅkátá]]) 10:00, 2 Jụn 2025 (UTC) == Fatima Sacko == 請修正，謝謝。 [[Ojiarụ:HanTsî|HanTsî]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:HanTsî|ṅkátá]]) 09:13, 13 Julaị 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:49, 27 Julaị 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:46, 3 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 24 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 31 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:44, 7 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:31, 14 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:56, 27 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> 4cg37wyc6y525a9uuslwptvjbpiu2yf 0 24773 728345 723486 2026-09-26T23:13:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Rosella Ayane''' (Arabic, amụrụ na 16 Machị 1996) bụ onye na agba bọọlụ nke na agbachitere Tottenham Hotspur. Na mba ụwa, Ayane nọchitere anya England n'okpuru afọ 17 na nokpuru ala afọ 19 tupu Morocco ekpuchi ya na ọkwa dị elu.<ref name="Soccerway profile"/><ref name="Chelsea profile">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane profile|url=http://www.chelseafc.com/teams/chelsea-ladies/player-profiles/rosella-ayane.html|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=Chelsea L.F.C.|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya na Ogugu na nna Moroccan na nne Scottish, Ayane gara Maiden Erlegh School.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.readingchronicle.co.uk/sport/19388356.reading-born-rosella-ayane-shines-morocco-debut/|title=Reading born Rosella Ayane shines on Morocco debut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reading born Rosella Ayane shines on Morocco debut|url=https://www.readingchronicle.co.uk/sport/19388356.reading-born-rosella-ayane-shines-morocco-debut/|work=readingchronicle.co.uk/|publisher=Reading Chronicle|accessdate=22 November 2022|date=21 June 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Chelsea === Ayane malitere ọrụ ya na Chelsea mgbe ọ gachara na Etiti nke oke nke klọb ahụ. Ọ malitere na usoro ndị ntorobịa, na 2012 ọ bụ akụkụ nke Chelsea U17 nke meriri league na iko okpukpu abụọ.<ref name="Chelsea profile"/> O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya nọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013 megide Doncaster Rovers Belles; Chelsea meriri.<ref name="Soccerway profile"/> Egwuregwu atọ ọzọ sochiri megide Everton, Bristol City na Notts County tupu ahọrọ Ayane dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Chelsea maka 2013 Egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa, ọ gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ ka Chelsea mechara nke abụọ.<ref name="Soccerway profile" /><ref name="Chelsea profile" /> N'abalị iri atọ nọnwa Ọgọstụ, Ayane gbara goolu anọ megide London Bees na FA WSL Iko na mmeri 8o0.<ref name="London Bees goals">{{Cite news|title=Ladies report: Chelsea 8 London Bees 0|url=http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2015/08/ladies-report--chelsea-v-london-bees.html|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=Chelsea L.F.C.|date=30 August 2015}}</ref> ==== Mgbazinye ego ==== Mgbe ọ pụtara ugboro anọ na asọmpi niile maka Chelsea na 2014, a gbazinyere Ayane na 2015 na Millwall; otu ọ gbara Chelsea ugboro abụọ na 2015 na FA WSL Iko<ref name="Soccerway profile"/><ref name="Joins Millwall">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane: Millwall Lionesses sign Chelsea striker on loan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32072114|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole na Millwall gasịrị, ọ laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya. 2016 hụrụ mgbazinye ego na Bristol City, onye ya na ya pụtara ugboro itoolu ma gbaa goolu atọ na asọmpi niile tupu ọ laghachi Chelsea mgbe onye njikwa Bristol Willie Kirk kpebiri na ọ gaghị agbatị mgbazinye ya.<ref name="Joins Bristol C">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane joins the Vixens on loan from Chelsea Ladies|url=http://www.bristolcitywfc.co.uk/news/rosella_ayane_joins_the_vixens_on_loan_from_chelsea_ladies.html#OuSA6Z6evqRCU2Vg.97|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=Bristol City W.F.C.|date=18 February 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018224301/http://www.bristolcitywfc.co.uk/news/rosella_ayane_joins_the_vixens_on_loan_from_chelsea_ladies.html#OuSA6Z6evqRCU2Vg.97|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Leaves Bristol C">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane returns to Chelsea|url=http://www.bristolcitywfc.co.uk/news/rosella_ayane_returns_to_chelsea.html#HiUQ95UXmwdKFKfd.97|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=Bristol City W.F.C.|date=16 June 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205843/http://www.bristolcitywfc.co.uk/news/rosella_ayane_returns_to_chelsea.html#HiUQ95UXmwdKFKfd.97|url-status=dead}}</ref> Izu ole na ole mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Bristol, a gbazinyere ya ka Everton ghọrọ klọb ọrụ ya nke anọ.<ref name="Joins Everton">{{Cite news|title=Everton Ladies sign Chelsea's Rosella Ayane and Arsenal's Chloe Kelly|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36677524|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=30 June 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na Everton na 17 Julaị na mmeri 3-0 na Yeovil Town.<ref name="Yeovil goal">{{Cite news|title=Everton 3-0 Yeovil Town|url=http://everton.fawsl.com/matchesReport/everton_ladies_fc_v_yeovil_town_ladies_fc_17_july_2016_report.html#pcsI4sFZbbvXYKy0.97|accessdate=1 November 2016|work=Everton L.F.C.|date=17 July 2016}}</ref> === Apollon Limassol === N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, Ayane sonyeere Apollon Limassol nke Cypriot Nkewa mbu.<ref name="Soccerway profile"/><ref name="Joined Apollon">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane το νέο απόκτημα|url=http://apollon1954.com/2017/08/13/rosella-ayane-to-neo-apoktima/|accessdate=23 August 2017|work=Apollon 1954|date=13 August 2017|archive-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824005611/http://apollon1954.com/2017/08/13/rosella-ayane-to-neo-apoktima/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ na nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ, na enweta goolu mmeghe na mmeri 4-0 na egwuregwu mbụ nke Group 5 na 201718UEFA Ụmụ nwanyị na agbachitere megide NSA Sofia.<ref name="UEFA/Apollon">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2018/clubs/player=250041983/statistics/index.html|accessdate=23 August 2017|work=UEFA|date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914090551/http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2018/clubs/player=250041983/statistics/index.html|archive-date=14 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ụbọchị egwuregwu nke abụọ, megide Noroc Nimoreni nke Moldova, o nyere hat-trick na mmeri 5-0.<ref name="UEFA/Apollon" /> Ayane sochiri nke ahụ site na goolu n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke asọmpi megide Sturm Graz iji nyere aka mee ka Apollon banye n'ọkwa knockout.<ref name="Soccerway profile" /><ref name="UEFA/Apollon" /> Ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Apollon na 5 Nọvemba, na-agba goolu mmeghe na mmeri 16-0 na Champions Ypsona. Nozuzu, ọ gbara goolu iri na itoolu na egwuregwu iri na itoolo na asọmpi niile na oge izizi ya.<ref name="Soccerway profile"/> Nọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, a họpụtara ya n'ime ndị otu egwuregwu nke oge.<ref name="TOTS">{{Cite news|title=ΠΑ.Σ.Π: Βραβεύτηκαν οι κορυφαίοι σε γυναικείο και Β' κατηγορία|url=http://politis.com.cy/article/pasp-vraveftikan-i-korifei-se-ginekio-ke-v-katigoria-pics|accessdate=3 May 2018|work=Politis|date=19 April 2018|archive-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503180254/http://politis.com.cy/article/pasp-vraveftikan-i-korifei-se-ginekio-ke-v-katigoria-pics|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Obodo Bristol === Nabalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Ayane mechara njem ịlaghachi na klọb ịgbazinye ego mbụ bụ Bristol City.<ref name="Bristol City W.F.C.">{{Cite news|title=City women sign trio of forwards ahead of the new season|url=https://www.bcfc.co.uk/news/city-women-sign-trio-of-forwards-ahead-of-the-new-season/|accessdate=19 August 2018|work=Bristol City W.F.C.|date=18 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourgamemag.com/2018/09/21/rosella-ayane-is-back-in-the-fa-wsl-after-facing-tough-challenges/|title=Rosella Ayane is back in the FA WSL after facing "tough challenges|date=21 September 2018}}</ref> Otu goolu n'ime egwuregwu iri na asatọ sochiri n'afọ 2018-19[1].<ref name="Soccerway profile"/> === Tottenham Hotspur === N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, Ayane kwagara gafee FA WSL gaa Tottenham Hotspur nke e buliri elu.<ref name="THFC1">{{Cite news|title=Introducing our Tottenham Hotspur Women players|url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2019/july/introducing-our-tottenham-hotspur-women-players/|accessdate=5 July 2019|work=Tottenham Hotspur|date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="BBC1">{{Cite news|title=Tottenham Hotspur Women: Gemma Davison among seven new signings|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48883416|accessdate=5 July 2019|work=BBC Sport|date=5 July 2019}}</ref> Egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Tottenham bụ megide Everton dị ka onye na-anọchi ya na 13 Septemba 2020 na goolu mbụ ya bịara n'egwuregwu megide Aston Villa na 13 Disemba 2020. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ayane agbaala bọọlụ maka England n'okpuru afọ iri na asaa na n'okpuru iri na itoolu.<ref name="Soccerway profile">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane profile|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/rosella-ayane/212842/|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=Soccerway|date=16 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="UEFA profile">{{Cite news|title=Rosella Ayane profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250041983/profile/index.html|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=UEFA|date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919063313/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250041983/profile/index.html|archive-date=19 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 2011 na afọ 2012 ọ meriri ugboro asaa ma gbaa otu goolu (vs. Finland, na 2012 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship qualifier). N'afọ 2014, Ayane mere nke mbụ ya maka England U19s wee gbaa goolu nke abụọ na mmeri 2o.<ref name="Soccerway profile" /> Otu afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gbara goolu nke abụọ ya maka England U19s na 2-2 ise megide Norway na 2015 UEFA Umu nwanyi di na nwunye, egwuregwu nke emere n'ọnọdụ pụrụ iche mgbe njehie ikpe.<ref name="U19s Controversy">{{Cite news|title=England women: Leah Williamson penalty books Euro spot|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32242750|accessdate=16 October 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=9 April 2015}}</ref> N'ozuzu, Ayane pụtara ugboro iri na asaa ma gbaa goolu atọ maka U17s na U19s.<ref name="Soccerway profile" /> Nihi nna ya bụ onye Morocco, o ruru eru ịnọchite anya Morocco ma mee nke mbụ ya na June 2021, na agba bọọlụ nime otu nkeji mgbe ọ banyere n'ọgbọ egwuregwu na mmeri 310 meriri Mali.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.readingchronicle.co.uk/sport/19388356.reading-born-rosella-ayane-shines-morocco-debut/|title=Reading born Rosella Ayane shines on Morocco debut|work=[[Reading Chronicle]]|date=21 June 2022}}</ref> Na mbụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ họrọ Scotland, notu akụkụ n'ihi ọchịchọ nne ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị Scotland. Ayane sonyere na 2022 Ụmụ nwanyị nke Afrika nke Mba nke e mere na [[Morocco]]. Ọ malitere na egwuregwu isii niile wee gbaa goolu abụọ, gụnyere otu na nke ikpeazụ. Morocco mechara nke abụọ ka e meriri ha n'asọmpi ikpeazụ megide South Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Football|first=CAF-Confedération Africaine du|title=CAFOnline.com|url=https://www.cafonline.com/totalenergies-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/matches/2314784/|accessdate=2023-02-18|work=CAFOnline.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|match played 15 March 2023}}.<ref name="Soccerway profile"/><ref name="CFA profile">{{cite news|title=Rosella Ayane profile|url=http://backend.cfa.com.cy/Gr/players/3340627/207056|accessdate=12 November 2017|work=Cyprus Football Association|date=12 November 2017|archive-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113003757/http://backend.cfa.com.cy/Gr/players/3340627/207056|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+'''Appearances and goals by club, season and competition''' ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Chelsea |2013 |FA WSL 1 |4 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |6 |1 |- |2014 |FA WSL 1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |2 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |2 |- |2015 |FA WSL 1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4 |4 |- |2016 |FA WSL 1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !6 !1 !0 !0 !5 !6 !1 !0 !2 !0 !14 !7 |- | rowspan="1" |Bristol City (loan) |2016 |FA WSL 2 |8 |3 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |3 |- | rowspan="1" |Everton (loan) |2016 |FA WSL 2 |12 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |1 |- | rowspan="1" |Apollon Limassol |2017–18 | rowspan="1" |First Division |15 |14 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UWCL" /> |5 | colspan="2" |— |19 |19 |- | rowspan="1" |Bristol City |2018–19 |FA WSL |15 |1 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |1 |- | rowspan="5" |Tottenham Hotspur |2019–20 |FA WSL |11 |0 |2 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |1 |- |2020–21 |FA WSL |19 |1 |3 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |24 |2 |- |2021–22 |FA WSL |17 |1 |1 |0 |4 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |22 |4 |- |2022–23 |WSL |12 |1 |2 |1 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !59 !3 !8 !1 !13 !6 !0 !0 !0 !0 !80 !10 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !115 !23 !9 !1 !22 !12 !5 !5 !2 !0 !153 !41 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} === Mba ụwa === {{updated|match played 17 February 2023}}<ref>Source</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwa !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="3" |Morocco |2021 |3 |1 |- |2022 |12 |6 |- |2023 |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !16 !8 |} === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa === : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Morocco na mbụ, kọlụm akara na egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Ayane ọ bụla gasịrị.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Rosella Ayane gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ndị a tụrụ ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- !1 |10 June 2021 |Ogige egwuregwu Moulay Hassan, Rabat, [[Morocco]] | Mali | align="center" |'''1''' 0 | align="center" |30 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mazouz|first=Salah Eddine|title=Wome''s Football: Morocco Crushes Mali 3-0|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/06/342841/womens-football-morocco-crushes-mali-3-0|work=Morocco World News}}</ref> |- !2 |22 February 2022 |Hibernians Stadium, Paola, [[Malta]] | Moldova | align="center" |'''2''' na 0 | align="center" |4 na 0 |2022 Malta International Women's Football Tournament |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moldova a cedat în fața Marocului|url=https://fmf.md/noutate/4650/fotbal-feminin-moldova-a-cedat-in-fata-marocului|work=Federația Moldovenească de Fotbal|language=ro}}</ref> |- !3 |7 April 2022<ref>{{Cite web|title=Match Report of Morocco vs Gambia - 2022-04-08 - FIFA Friendlies|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2022-04-08/morocco-vs-gambia/2674487/|work=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref> |Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat, [[Morocco]] | Gambia | align="center" |30 | align="center" |6 na 1 | rowspan="3" |Ndị nwere omume enyi |<ref>{{Cite web|title=المنتخب الوطني النسوي يفوز على نظيره الجامبي بستة أهداف لهدف – FRMF|url=https://site.frmf.ma/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%a7-2/|accessdate=2023-02-18|language=ar}}</ref> |- !4 | rowspan="2" |12 April 2022 | rowspan="2" |Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat, [[Morocco]] | rowspan="2" | Ghana | align="center" |'''1''' 0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2 na 0 | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=المنتخب الوطني النسوي يفوز على نظيره الغاني بهدفين لصفر – FRMF|url=https://site.frmf.ma/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%a7-3/|accessdate=2023-02-18|language=ar}}</ref> |- !5 | align="center" |'''2''' na 0 |- !6 |5 July 2022 |Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat, [[Morocco]] | Uganda | align="center" |'''1''' 0 | align="center" |31 Nke 1 | rowspan="2" |2022 Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uganda vs. Morocco - 5 July 2022 - Soccerway|url=https://my.soccerway.com/matches/2022/07/05/africa/caf-championship--wc-qualifying-africa/uganda/morocco/3784765/|accessdate=2023-02-18|work=my.soccerway.com}}</ref> |- !7 |22 July 2022 |Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat, [[Morocco]] | South Africa | align="center" |'''1''' 2 | align="center" |1 2 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Morocco vs. South Africa - 23 July 2022 - Soccerway|url=https://my.soccerway.com/matches/2022/07/23/africa/caf-championship--wc-qualifying-africa/morocco/south-africa/3785096/|accessdate=2023-02-18|work=my.soccerway.com}}</ref> |- !8 |17 Febụwarị 2023 |Arslan Zeki Demirci Sports Complex, Antalya, [[Turkéy|Turkey]] | Slovakia | style="text-align:center" |'''1''' 0 | style="text-align:center" |30 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |<ref>{{Cite web|title=المنتخب الوطني لكرة القدم النسوية يفوز على سلوفاكيا – FRMF|url=https://site.frmf.ma/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88-13/|accessdate=2023-02-18|language=ar}}</ref> |} == Nsọpụrụ == * FA WSL 1: 2015 * Iko ụmụ nwanyị nke FA: 2014-15 '''Morocco''' * Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2022<ref name=":0"/> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Morocco na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.chelseafc.com/teams/chelsea-ladies/player-profiles/rosella-ayane.html Profaịlụ Rosella Ayane] na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Chelsea * {{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/RosellaAyane22|title=Facebook Rosella Ayene|work=[[Facebook]]}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/rosella_ayane/|title=Instagram Rosella Ayene}} * {{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/rosella_ayane?lang=en|title=Twitter Rosella Ayene}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1h0skfz2h7py9qo5uansxqk46a83z4j 0 24888 728229 228622 2026-09-26T14:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Molding_packaging_from_straw,_k9837-1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Mkpụrụ osisi a kpụrụ akpụ na-eji mpempe akwụkwọ akụkọ a rụgharịrị arụgharị iji mepụta ihe ngwugwu. N'ebe a, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-eji ahịhịa<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wood|first=Marcia|title=Leftover Straw Gets New Life|journal=Agricultural Research|date=April 2002|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/apr02/straw0402.htm}}</ref> emepụta ngwugwu]] '''Ojiji nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa''' '''na-adịgide adịgide''' bụ mmepe na ojiji nke ngwugwu nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Nke a na-agụnye mmụba ojiji nke ndụ ndụ (LCI) na nyocha ndụ (LCA) iji nyere aka iduzi ojiji nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke na-ebelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na akara gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zabaniotou|first=A|date=August 2003|title=Life cycle assessment applied to egg packaging made from polystyrene and recycled paper|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=11|issue=5|pages=549–559|doi=10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00076-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Franklin|title=Life Cycle Inventory of Packaging Options for Shipment of Retail Mail-Order Soft Goods|date=April 2004|url=http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/pubs/docs/sw/packaging/LifeCycleInventory.pdf|accessdate=December 15, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217063517/http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/pubs/docs/sw/packaging/LifeCycleInventory.pdf|archivedate=December 17, 2008}} </ref> Ọ na-agụnye ile anya na usoro nnyefe niile: site na ọrụ bụ isi, na ahịa, wee ruo na njedebe nke ndụ (LCA) na ọmụmụ ọzọ. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ bụ imeziwanye ogologo oge na ogo ndụ maka [[Madụ̀|ụmụ mmadụ]] na ogologo ndụ nke usoro okike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wever|first=R|title=Eco-efficient Value Creation: An Alternative Perspective on Packaging and Sustainability|journal=Packaging Technology and Science|volume=26|issue=4|pages=229–248|date=June 2013|doi=10.1002/pts.1978|url=http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7b4c899b-ed68-4ae2-819b-c907d5f4fed4}}</ref> Ojiji nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-adịgide adịgide ga-egbo mkpa ọrụ na akụ na ụba nke ugbu a n'emeghị ka ikike nke [[Future generations|ọgbọ ndị]] na-abịa n'ọdịnihu gboo mkpa nke ha.<ref>{{Cite web|author=World Packaging Organization|title=Position Paper on Sustainable Packaging|date=17 April 2008|url=http://www.worldpackaging.org/uploads/paperpublished/3_pdf.pdf|accessdate=6 February 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108041242/http://www.worldpackaging.org/uploads/paperpublished/3_pdf.pdf|archivedate=8 January 2010}} </ref> Nkwado abụghị ọnọdụ njedebe kama ọ bụ usoro na-aga n'ihu nke imeziwanye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Sustainable Packaging? Our Vision|publisher=EUROPEN, European Organization for Packaging and the Environment|date=May 2009|url=http://www.europen.be/?action=onderdeel&onderdeel=37&titel=Our+Sustainability+Vision|accessdate=23 September 2011|archivedate=23 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323024937/http://www.europen.be/?action=onderdeel&onderdeel=37&titel=Our+Sustainability+Vision}}</ref> Ojiji nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-adịgide adịgide anaghị elekwasị anya na imegharị ihe. Dị ka nkwakọ ngwaahịa abụghị naanị ebumnuche gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka bụ n'elu uche ọtụtụ ndị. N'ụzọ ziri ezi ma ọ bụ na-ezighi ezi, a na-enyocha nkwakọ ngwaahịa ahụ ugboro ugboro ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe atụ nke nkwado ụlọ ọrụ n'ozuzu ndị oru, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike inye aka naanị obere pasent na mmetụta zuru oke na gburugburu ebe obibi ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka njem, na mmiri na ojiji ike, na ihe ndị ozo. == Ihe ndị e ji mara == Ntọala maka ịhazi na iji nkwakọba ihe tụnyere dabere na nkwado ha bụ mpaghara na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke mmepe. Ọtụtụ ìgwè na-ebipụta ntụziaka, metrik, ndetu, na scorecards nke otu dị iche iche biputara. Gọọmentị, òtù ụkpụrụ, ndị na-azụ ahịa, ndị na'ere ahịa, na ndị na-etinye ojiji nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-atụle ọtụtụ ụdị ụkpụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/osw/partnerships/stewardship/products/packaging.htm|title=Packaging, Product Stewarship|accessdate=2008-12-18|publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206162412/http://www.epa.gov/osw/partnerships/stewardship/products/packaging.htm|archive-date=2008-12-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/6039.aspx|title=Wal-Mart Unveils Packaging Scorecard to Suppliers|accessdate=2008-04-29|date=November 2, 2008|publisher=Wal-Mart|archivedate=2010-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110134254/http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/6039.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sustainable Packaging Metrics and Indicators Framework|publisher=Sustainable Packaging Coalition|date=December 2009|url=https://www.sustainablepackaging.org/resources/default.aspx|format=PDF|accessdate=14 December 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006020858/https://www.sustainablepackaging.org/resources/default.aspx|archivedate=2011-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COMPASS, Metrics for Rating Packages|publisher=Sustainable Packaging Coalition|year=2011|url=http://sustainablepackaging.org/Uploads/Documents/COMPASS_v2_brochure_070110.pdf|accessdate=6 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109233229/http://sustainablepackaging.org/Uploads/Documents/COMPASS_v2_brochure_070110.pdf|archivedate=9 November 2011}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Towards Sustainable Packaging|publisher=Sustainable Packaging Alliance|date=October 2002|url=http://www.sustainablepack.org/database/files/filestorage/Towards%20Sustainable%20Packaging.pdf|accessdate=22 December 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719210900/http://www.sustainablepack.org/database/files/filestorage/Towards%20Sustainable%20Packaging.pdf|archivedate=19 July 2008}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PRINCIPLES, STRATEGIES & KPIs FOR PACKAGING SUSTAINABILITY|publisher=Sustainable Packaging Alliance|date=July 2010|url=http://www.sustainablepack.org/Database/files/filestorage/Sustainable%20Packaging%20Definition%20July%202010.pdf|accessdate=5 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317064856/http://www.sustainablepack.org/Database/files/filestorage/Sustainable%20Packaging%20Definition%20July%202010.pdf|archivedate=17 March 2012}} </ref> Òtù ọ bụla na-ekwu si na ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ebumnuche n'ụzọ dịtụ iche. N'ozuzu, ebumnuche sara mbara nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-adịgide adịgide bụ: # Ọrụ Nchedo ngwaahịa, nchekwa, nrubeisi iwu, wdg.<ref>anon: "Packaging Matters", Institute of Packaging Professionals, 1993</ref> # Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị oke ọnụ, o yighị ka a ga-eji ya mee ihe # Na-akwado ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ogologo oge Ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ maka imepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike ịgụnye ihe ndị a dị n'okpụrụ: * Ojiji nke obere ihe ndị a na-etinye na nkwakọba ihe, mbelata nke nkwakọwa ihe, obere ibu (ngwaahịa na nkwakọta), obere olu, wdg.<ref>Jason DeRusha. "The Incredible Shrinking Package". 16 July 2007. WCCO.</ref> * Ịrụ ọrụ nke ike, ngụkọta nke ike na ojiji, ojiji nke ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, ojiji na-eji ike dị ọcha, wdg. * Ihe ndị a na-emegharị dị ka ọ dị ma na-arụ ọrụ. Maka ihe ndị na-emetụta nri, enwere nchebara echiche nchekwa pụrụ iche, ọkachasị maka iji plastik na akwụkwọ a rụgharịrị arụgharị. Mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara ọ bụla na-ebipụta iwu. * Recyclability Ọnụ ego mgbake, ojiji nke ihe ndị a na-emegharị ugboro ugboro ma dị mfe, mbelata nke ihe ndị na-egbochi recyclability nke isi ihe, wdg. * Nchịkọta a na-eji eme ihe ugboro ugboro nke ngwugwu, iji ya eme ihe maka ebumnuche ndị ọzọ, wdg. * Ojiji nke ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ihe ndị na'ime ala na ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ dị mma mgbe o kwesịrị ma ghara imebi mmetọ nke iyi recycling<ref>ASTM D6400, Standard Specification for Labeling of Plastics Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ammala|first=Anne|title=An overview of degradable and biodegradable polyolefins|journal=Progress in Polymer Science|date=2011|pages=1015–1049|volume=36|issue=8|url=https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/download?pid=csiro:EP102448&dsid=DS3|accessdate=September 21, 2018|doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.12.002}}</ref> * Zere iji ihe ndị na-egbu mmadụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi * Mmetụta na ikuku / ihu igwe nke ozone layer, greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide na methane), volatile organic compounds, wdg. * Ojiji [[mmiri]], iji ya eme ihe ọzọ, ọgwụgwọ, ihe mkpofu, wdg. * Mmetụta ndị ọrụ: ahụike ọrụ, nchekwa, teknụzụ dị ọcha, wdg. == Ihe ndi na-aba Uru == Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke nkwakọba gburugburu ebe obibi na-achọ site n'aka ndị na-achịkwa ebe ndị ọzọ bụ mkpebi ndị nkwakọwa nke ọ bụla mere. Ndị na-etinye ego, ndị ọrụ, ndị njikwa, na ndị ahịa nwere ike imetụta mkpebi ụlọ ọrụ ma nyere aka setịpụ ụkpụrụ. Mgbe ndị na-etinye ego na-achọ ịzụta ngwaahịa, ụlọ ọrụ ndị a maara maka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi ha nwere ike ịdọrọ mmasị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nef.org.uk/greencompany/benefits.htm|title=Benefits For Being Green|accessdate=2008-12-12|archivedate=2008-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107035851/http://www.nef.org.uk/greencompany/benefits.htm}}</ref> Ndị nwere ike ịnwe ngwaahịa na ndị na-etinye ego na-ahụ nke a dị ka mkpebi siri ike: ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ala na-eduga na nnukwu ego na ọnụego dị ọnụ ala. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme ka ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ha pụta ìhè nye ndị na-azụ ahịa nwere ike ịkwalite ahịa yana aha ngwaahịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/content/aug2008/bs20080817_557068.htm?campaign_id=rss_null|title=More Benefits For Green Companies|accessdate=2008-12-12|archivedate=2008-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907111313/http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/content/aug2008/bs20080817_557068.htm?campaign_id=rss_null}}</ref> == Ihe ndị ọzọ a ga eji eme ihe nabughi plastik == E mepụtara ma ọ bụ jiri ihe mee ihe maka nkwakọba ihe na-enweghị plastik, ọkachasị maka ọnọdụ ojiji nke enweghị ike iwepụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa dịka iwu maka ihe achọrọ maka ụlọ ahịa nri nke mba maka mkpa ichekwa ngwaahịa nri ma ọ bụ ebumnuche ndị ọzọ. [[Usòrò:Optical_appearance_of_self-assembled_films_of_sustainable_packaging_alternative_to_plastic.webp|thumb]] E mepụtara ihe nkwakọba ihe na-emebi emebi nke sitere na protein nke osisi na-adabere na plastik dabere na nyocha banyere silk ududo nke a maara maka ike ya dị elu na ihe yiri ya na ọkwa nke molekụl ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Vegan spider silk' provides sustainable alternative to single-use plastics|url=https://phys.org/news/2021-06-vegan-spider-silk-sustainable-alternative.html|accessdate=11 July 2021|work=phys.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1038/s41467-021-23813-6">{{Cite journal|author=Kamada|first=Ayaka|title=Controlled self-assembly of plant proteins into high-performance multifunctional nanostructured films|journal=Nature Communications|date=10 June 2021|volume=12|issue=1|pages=3529|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-23813-6|pmid=34112802|language=en|issn=2041-1723}}</ref> == Ụkpụrụ ISO == E bipụtara usoro ISO nke ụkpụrụ metụtara nkwakọba na gburugburu ebe obibi na nke afọ 2013: * ISO 18601:2013 Nchịkọta na gburugburu ebe obibi - Ihe achọrọ maka iji ụkpụrụ ISO na mpaghara nkwakọba na gburugburu ebe ahụ * ISO 18602:2013 Nchịkọta na gburugburu ebe obibi - Ịmeziwanye usoro nkwakọba * ISO 18603:2013 Nchịkọta na gburugburu ebe obibi - Reuse * ISO 18604:2013 Nchịkọta na gburugburu ebe obibi - Nchịkọta ihe * ISO 18605:2013 Nchịkọta na gburugburu ebe obibi - Nweghachi ike * ISO 18606:2013 Nchịkọta na gburugburu ebe obibi - Organic recycling == Hụkwa == * Biopolymer * Ebe a na-amụ nwa * Nhazi Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi * Mmetụta na njirimara nkwado * Nchịkọta a na-eri eri * Ecodesign * Akpa ịzụ ahịa a na-eji eme ihe ọzọ * Nhazi Na-adịgide Adịgide * Nnyocha nke Usoro Ndụ == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|2}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * Azzato, Maureen, "Ime ka Ojiji nke Ihe A Na-emegharị Na Nchịkọta dị mfe" * Jedlicka, W, "Packaging Sustainability: Tools, Systems and Strategies for Innovative Package Design", (Wiley, 2008), * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Soroka, W, "Ebumnuche nke Nkà na Ụzụ", IoPP, 2002, * S.,Sterling, "Ntụziaka Field maka Nchịkọta Na-adịgide Adịgide", 2008 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090417063141/http://packagingsustainability.info/ Nkwado Nkwado] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120404161521/http://packaging.sbio.vt.edu/ Usoro nkwakọba na imewe - Ngalaba nke Biomaterials Na-adịgide adịgide] * [http://cfsd.org.uk/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nhazi Na-adịgide Adịgide] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150619202719/http://www.ebrocolor.com/sustainable-packaging-report.html Nchịkọta Na-adịgide Adịgide: Gịnị mere Anyị Ga-eji Nlekọta?] * ISO 18601-18606 Nchịkọta na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụkpụrụ * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY4elQ6eOMA] Nzukọ Nchịkọta Na-adịgide adịgide, 2019 [[Òtù:Mbelata ihe mkpofu]] kqcz6q5pvgoh3v2ic1k69mlpmguykav 0 24943 728444 184373 2026-09-27T09:15:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ukpor''' bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ [[Nnewi South]] Local Government Area na Anambra State, South-East Nigeria. Ukpor nwere nchịkọta nke obodo nta, nke ọ bụla na-abịa site na mpaghara dị iche iche.<ref>Okonkwo, Akunwanne Leo Ejedoghaobi. Outline History of Ukpor: Origin of the Villages. S.l: s.n, 1983. OCLC 22421397 [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22421397 Google books]</ref> Ukpor bụ ebe a ma ama maka ugwu ya, na otu n'ime ugwu ndị a ma ama nke a maara dị ka "ugwu ekwensu", nke pụtara "ugwu ekwens", ma mara ugbu a dị ka Ugwuonyezuberem. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, nhazi na-aga n'ihu nke okporo ụzọ nke gafere ugwu a na-ebelata ịdị elu ya nke ala dị elu a. Ndị Ukpor bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo n'oge gara aga. N'ikpeazụ, ndị a ma ama bi n'ógbè ahụ ghọrọ ndị na-azụ ahịa na ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị ikom na ndị inyom na-azụ ahịa. Ụlọ ọrụ kachasị elu nke obodo ahụ, Ukpor Improvement Union (U.I.U) ka bụ nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọdịbendị dị na obodo ahụ. Onye isi oche U.I.U ugbu a bụ Chief Ignatius Nwawulu (Dara Obiekunie) si Umu-Ehim, Umunuko, Ukpor.<ref>Izunna Okafor [https://web.archive.org/web/20230407023751/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/18/ukpor-ready-for-igba-asara/ "Ukpor Ready For Igba Asara"], [[National Light]] 18 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> Nnewi South bụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ya nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu maara ugbu a dị ka Mbaneri. Mbaneri pụtara obodo iri dị na Nnewi South, nke bụ Akwaihedi, Amichi, Azigbo, Ebenator, Ekwulumili, Ezinifite, Osumenyi, Ukpor, Unubi na Utuh. == Omenala == === ''Asara'' === Asara bụ emume ọdịnala kachasị ukwuu nke obodo Ukpor na-eme emume n'oge iri, iri na ise ma ọ bụ ọbụna iri abụọ. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-achọpụta mmalite nke emume ọdịnala Ọgụ Agbaja (Agha nke Agbaja) nke bụ agha n'etiti ndị Ukpor na Gọọmentị Obodo Nnewi nke South na ndị Nnewi na Gọọmenti Obodo Nnew nke North nke oge a, na nke ndị Ukpor nwere mmeri, mgbe ha gbusịrị Metuh, onye agha kachasị ukwuu na nke a na-atụ egwu nke Nnewi n'oge ahụ. Agha ahụ sitere na mmeso ọjọọ na-enweghị isi na nke na-erughị eru site n'aka Eze [[Nnewi]] nke oge ahụ nke ga-amanye ụmụ okorobịa na ụmụ nwanyị nke obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu ka ha were ụbọchị ụfọdụ na ha ga-aga ma rụọ ọrụ maka ya, na nke ha ga-eso nri na mmiri ha, ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ndokwa maka ihe ọ bụla eze mere, onye na-akwụghị ụgwọ, na-atọ ma ọ bụ nwee ekele maka ndị ọrụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla. N'ihi ya, eze Ukpor nke pụtara ọhụrụ n'oge ahụ kpebisiri ike na ọ gaghị anabata ya kama ịkwụsị omume ọjọọ dị otú ahụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi; wee wepụta iwu katọọ na machibido nke ahụ. Nke a kpasuru eze Nnewi iwe, na ọ kpọsara obodo ndị ahụ gbara agbata obi agha maka omume ha nke ọ kpọrọ 'ndị nnupụisi'; ha wee malite agha ahụ na obodo ha kacha nso bụ Ukpor nke oge a, bụ ndị jikerelarị ọnụ ma mee atụmatụ ya na obodo itoolu mebere Ekweteghete, bụ aha obodo itoolu ndị a na-arụ ọrụ mmanye na-akwụghị ụgwọ. Ọ bụ n'ememe mmeri a nke Ukpor dere na Agha nke Agbaja na eze nke oge ahụ (Eze Obiukwu) kpebiri igbu ehi maka ndị mmadụ ma kpọọ maka ọṅụ; na obodo nta ndị ọzọ nke keere òkè na mmeri ahụ 'kụrụ akpa ha' wee kpebie na ha ga-eweta ehi nke ha, nke a na-anwale ma na-adọkpụ obodo ahụ, na-ele anya n'obodo nke nwere nnukwu ehi. E mechara gbuo ehi ndị a ma jiri ha mee ihe maka oriri nke a na-akpọ 'Asara', nke sitere na okwu Igbo '-' nke pụtara oriri.<ref>Izunna Okafor [http://pmexpressng.com/ukpor-pg-nwachukwu-clears-air-2019-igba-asara-ukpor/ "Nwachukwu Speaks On Asara Ukpor"], [http://pmexpressng.com PM Express News] 4 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref><ref>Okwu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230722063304/https://theuniversenews.com/ "Ukpor: The Origin And Essence of Asara Jubilee"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230722063304/https://theuniversenews.com/ The Universe News] 24 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> Na Ukpor, oge udu mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na-akpagbu ma na-ejubiga oke ókè na oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ekpo ọkụ, na obere urukpuru. N'ime afọ, okpomọkụ na-adịgasị iche site na 67 °F ruo 88 °F ma ọ na-adịkarị n'okpuru 59 °F ma ọ bụ karịa 91 °F. === Mmetụta nke idei mmiri === == Ndị ama ama == * Mbazulike Amaechi (1929), onye edemede, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nkuzi, onye isi oche nke abụọ nke Senate nke Naịjirịa (16, 1960 ruo Jenụwarị 15, 1966) na onye na-anọchite anya onye isi ala nke Naịjarịa (1965-1966), onye bụbu Minista nke ụgbọelu, na Republic Mbụ nke Naịijiria. * [[Obiageli Ezekwesili]] - Onye nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Naịjirịa na onye bụbu Minista nke Mmụta / onye bụbu Mịnịsta nke Solid Minerals.<ref>Charles Onyekamuo [https://allafrica.com/stories/200506141058.html Nigeria: "Ezekwesili, a Pride to Nigeria - Obasanjo"], [https://allafrica.com All Africa], 14 June 2005. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> * Chief Gabriel Akachukwu Okeke (1929-1991) - Otu n'ime ndi ndu otu n'otu n'otu oge niile. N'ịbụ onye ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ kpọrọ ya Gab Okeke, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke otu maka afọ 26 site na 1961 ruo 1987. * == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://wikimapia.org/22203108/Ukpor Isiokwu na Wikimapia] ppy38d5nspc9vld50erqao30rfpzoto 0 25024 728453 126105 2026-09-27T10:01:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Vanya Voynova''' (Bulgarian); December 27, 1934 March 9, 1993) bụ onye Bulgaria na agba bọọlụ basketball. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Slavia Sofia site n'afọ 1950 ruo n'afọ 1968, merie Ndị mmeri Europe iko n'afọ 1959 na 1963 na Bulgarian league ugboro iri na abụọ site n'ọnwa 1953 ruo n'ọnwarị 1965. Ya na ndị otu basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Bulgaria, ọ meriri ọlaọcha na 1959 Asọmpi mba ụwa, ọla nchara na 1964 Asọmpi mba ụwa, odo na 1958 Asọmpi Europe , ọlaọcha n'afọ 1960 Asọmpi Europe na 1964 Asọmpi Europe na ọla nchara n'afọ 1954 Asọmpi Europe na 1962 Asọmpi Europe A nabatara ya n'ime Women's Basketball Hall of Fame na 2001 na FIBA nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ ndị ama ama n'afọ 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wbhof.com/inductees.html|title=WBHOF Inductees|publisher=WBHOF|accessdate=2009-08-01|archivedate=2017-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206134733/http://www.wbhof.com/Inductees.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == == Ndị otu mba == Vanya Voynova gbara bọọlụ maka otu ụmụ nwanyị mba Bulgaria ruo afọ iri na ise. Ọgbọ ya ka bụ ihe na adịgide adịgide n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu a na mba ahụ. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na nke a bụ ọgbọ kachasị nwee ọganihu na narị afọ nke 20. Na Voynova n'akụkụ ya, ndị otu mba ahụ meriri otu ọla edo na otu ọlaọcha, na ọla nchara abụọ na Asọmpi Europe netiti 1954 na 1964. Noge ahụ, a na ewere ndị otu Soviet dị ka ndị kachasị mma na kọntinent ahụ, mana ndị Bulgaria meriri ndị iro ha n'afọ 1954. Na 1959 Iko mba uwa, Voynova rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'inweta ọla nchara, na-ejedebe na nkezi nke 13.1 na egwuregwu ọ bụla. Afọ ise ka e mesịrị, ọ nọ n'elu ọzọ, site n'enyemaka ya, Bulgaria meriri ọla nchara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/75288/pid2//sid/2272/tid/253/tid2//_/1952_European_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|title=archive.fiba.com: Players|work=archive.fiba.com|accessdate=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411222411/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/75288/pid2//sid/2272/tid/253/tid2//_/1952_European_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|archive-date=11 April 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1954[[Usòrò:Bronze_medal_europe.svg|16x16px]] * Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1958[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_europe.svg|16x16px]] * Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1960[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_europe.svg|16x16px]] * Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1964[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_europe.svg|16x16px]] * 1959 FIBA Asọmpi mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16x16px]] * 1964 FIBA Asọmpi mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị[[Usòrò:Gold_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16x16px]] === 1952 Asọmpi Europe maka ụmụ nwanyị === {| class="wikitable" !Egwuregwu !M/A ! % !PF !Pts |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |7/12 |58.3 |3 |27 |- |Bulgaria - Romania |1/2 |50 |2 |7 |- |Bulgaria - France |3/4 |75 |0 |13 |- |Bulgaria - Italy |3/3 |100 |4 |11 |- |Bulgaria - Poland |9/10 |90 |2 |35 |} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/75288/pid2//sid/2272/tid/253/tid2//_/1952_European_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|title=Vanya Voynova profile, 1952 European Championship for Women|work=FIBA.COM|access-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411222411/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/75288/pid2//sid/2272/tid/253/tid2//_/1952_European_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|archive-date=2023-04-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 1954 Asọmpi Europe maka ụmụ nwanyị === {| class="wikitable" !Egwuregwu !M/A ! % !PF !Pts |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |0 |0 |0 |33 |- |Bulgaria - Denmark |0 |0 |0 |22 |- |Bulgaria - France |0 |0 |0 |14 |- |Bulgaria - Yugoslavia |0 |0 |0 |17 |- |Bulgaria - Hungary |0 |0 |0 |18 |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |0 |0 |0 |22 |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |0 |0 |0 |4 |} === 1956 Asọmpi Europe maka ụmụ nwanyị === {| class="wikitable" !Egwuregwu !M/A ! % !PF !Pts |- |Bulgaria - Poland |6/9 |66.7 |4 |24 |- |Bulgaria - Finland |0/0 |0 |0 |0 |- |Bulgaria - Yugoslavia |3/4 |75 |5 |9 |- |Bulgaria - Austria |3/3 |100 |3 |10 |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |1/2 |50 |5 |9 |- |Bulgaria - Soviet Union |10/11 |90.9 |3 |20 |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |6/6 |100 |5 |10 |} === 1958 Asọmpi Europe maka ụmụ nwanyị === {| class="wikitable" !Egwuregwu !M/A ! % !PF !Pts |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |0/1 |0 |5 |2 |- |Bulgaria - Austria |4/4 |100 |2 |14 |- |Bulgaria - France |4/5 |80 |2 |16 |- |Bulgaria - Poland |1/1 |100 |5 |1 |- |Bulgaria - Yugoslavia |6/7 |85.7 |3 |24 |- |Bulgaria - Soviet Union |7/9 |77.8 |5 |19 |- |Bulgaria - Czechoslovakia |4/6 |66.7 |5 |22 |} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/75288/pid2//sid/2275/tid/253/tid2//_/1958_European_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|title=Vanya Voynova profile, 1958 European Championship for Women|work=FIBA.COM|access-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412060428/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/75288/pid2//sid/2275/tid/253/tid2//_/1958_European_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|archive-date=2023-04-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203853/http://www.halloffame.fiba.com/pages/eng/hof/indu/p/lid_9024_newsid/18015/playBio.html FIBA nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ ndị ama amapeeji na Voynova] {{Women's Basketball Hall of Fame}} fkfhjv4vk2niikuodo8afm125i5qmua 0 25084 728235 631343 2026-09-26T14:53:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihe okpomọkụ dị n'oké osimiri''' (OHC) bụ ike nkè oké osimiri na-amị ma na-echekwa. N'agbata afọ 1971 na afọ 2018, ịrị elu nke OHC na-akpata ihe karịrị 90% nkè ike okpomọkụ nke ụwa site na okpomọkụ ụwa. Isi ihe na-akwọta mmụba OHC a nwèrè ike ịbụ nrụgide sitere n'aka mmadụ site na mmụba nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ: 1228 Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ike agbakwunyere agbasago na omimi n'okpuru mita narị asaa.<ref name="OHC2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|date=2020-08-17|author=LuAnn Dahlman and Rebecca Lindsey|accessdate=2023-04-12|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.climatecentral.org/news/ocean-depths-are-trapping-heat-19922|title=Study: Deep Ocean Waters Trapping Vast Store of Heat|year=2016|work=[[Climate Central]]}}</ref> Ihe okpomọkụ dị n'oké osimiri na [[Tashin matakin teku|ịrị elu nke oke osimiri]] bụ ihe ngosi dị mkpa nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe na oceanography na climatology. Mmiri oké osimiri na-amịkọrọ ike anyanwụ nkè ọma ma nwekwaa ikike okpomọkụ dị ukwuu karịa gas ikuku.<ref name="OHC2020"/> N'ihi ya, mita ole na ole kachasị elu nke oké osimiri nwèrè ike okpomọkụ karịa ikuku ụwa dum.<ref name="nvsohc">{{Cite web|url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-heat/|title=Vital Signs of the Plant: Ocean Heat Content|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2021-11-15}}</ref> Kemgbe tupu afọ 1960, ụgbọ mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha anwalewo okpomọkụ na okpomọkụ dị n'elu oké osimiri na omimi ka ukwuu n'ụwa niile. Ọzọkwa, kemgbe afọ 2000, netwọk na-agbasawanye nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ puku anọ Argo robotic floats atụlewo anomalies okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe na OHC. OHC anọwo na-abawanye na ọnụego kwụ chịm ma ọ bụ na-eme ngwa ngwa kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala 1990. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbanwe na mita 2000 dị n'elu site n'afo 2003 ruo 2018 bụ +0.58±0.08 W / m2 (ma ọ bụ mmeri ike kwa afọ nke 9.3 zettajoules). Enweghị ntụkwasị obi bụ n'ihi ihe ịma aka nke ịme nyocha ọtụtụ iri afọ na nkenke zuru oke na mkpuchi oghere. == Nkọwa == [[Usòrò:1997 Thermoclines.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|257x257px|Ihe osise nke thermoclines dị iche iche (omimi na okpomọkụ oké osimiri) dabere na oge na latitude]] Ihe okpomọkụ dị n'oké osimiri bụ "ngụkọta okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri na-echekwa".<ref>{{Cite web|author=US EPA|first=OAR|date=2016-06-27|title=Climate Change Indicators: Ocean Heat|url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-ocean-heat|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=www.epa.gov|language=en}}</ref> Iji gbakọọ okpomọkụ dị n'oké osimiri, a chọrọ ịnwe nyocha nke okpomọkụ oké osimiri n'ọtụtụ ébé na omimi dị ichè ichè. Nnyocha nkè okpomọkụ na omimi oké osimiri n'ozuzu na-egosi elu ngwakọta (020 m), thermocline (20000 m), na omimi oke osimiri (>1500 m). Ogologo ókèala ndị a bụ naanị ihe atụ siri ike. Ìhè anyanwụ na-abanye n'ime omimi kachasị elu nke ihe dị ka mita narị abụọ; elu 80 m nke bụ mpaghara obibi màkà ndụ mmiri photosynthetic na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị pasenti iri asaá nke elu ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/457662/photic-zone|title=photic zone (oceanography)|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|accessdate=2021-12-15}}</ref> Omume ebili mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme n'elu na-enyere aka ịha nhata okpomọkụ n'elu elu. == Ihe na-akpata okpomọkụ == [[Usòrò:Earth's_Heat_Accumulation.png|thumb|320x320px|Ihe karịrị 90% nke ike okpomọkụ nke gbakọtara n'ụwa site na okpomọkụ ụwa kemgbe 1970 na-echekwa n'oké osimiri.]] [[Usòrò:Ocean_Heat_Content_(2012).png|thumb|300x300px|Global Heat Content n'elu mita 2000 nke oké osimiri kemgbe 1958<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Ocean Heat and Salt Content: Seasonal, Yearly, and Pentadal Fields|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/global-ocean-heat-content/|accessdate=2022-02-26|publisher=NOAA}}</ref>]] Igwe anyanwụ nke dị n'etiti ụwa nke na-amịkọrọ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpali mgbasa nke okpomọkụ oké osimiri. Elu ya na-agbanwekwa ike na troposphere dị ala, ma si otú a na-emeghachi omume na mgbanwe ogologo ógè na igwe ojii albedo, gas na-ekpo ọkụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ na mmefu ego ike nke ụwa.<ref name="OHC2020"/> Ka ógè na-aga, enweghị nkwụsi ike na mmefu ego na-eme ka okpomọkụ na-abanye ma ọ bụ na-apụ n'ime ma ọ bụ n'ime omimi oké osimiri site na conduction thermal, downwelling, na upwelling.<ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=Air-Sea interaction: Teacher's guide|url=https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/education-careers/education-program/k-12-teachers/project-atmosphere/training-opportunities/project-atmosphere-peer-led-training/project-atmosphere-peer-training-resources/air-sea/|accessdate=2022-02-22|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|archivedate=2023-04-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412202003/https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/education-careers/education-program/k-12-teachers/project-atmosphere/training-opportunities/project-atmosphere-peer-led-training/project-atmosphere-peer-training-resources/air-sea/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ocean Motion : Definition : Wind Driven Surface Currents - Upwelling and Downwelling|url=http://oceanmotion.org/html/background/upwelling-and-downwelling.htm|accessdate=2022-02-22}}</ref> Oké osimiri na-ekpo ọkụ bụ otu ihe kpatara na coral na-acha ọcha ma na-enye aka na mbata nke ụdị mmiri.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2016|title=The Great Barrier Reef: a catastrophe laid bare|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jun/07/the-great-barrier-reef-a-catastrophe-laid-bare}}</ref> Oké okpomọkụ nke mmiri bụ mpaghara nke na-eyi ndụ égwu na okpomọkụ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-08|title=So what are marine heat waves? - A NOAA scientist explains|url=https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2559/So-what-are-marine-heat-waves|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2023-04-12|archivedate=2022-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124041431/https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2559/So-what-are-marine-heat-waves}}</ref> Ikekọrịta ike dị n'ime mbara ala site na mgbasa ikuku na oke osimiri na-emepụta mgbanwe ihu igwe dị n'etiti, mgbé mgbè n'ụdị oscillations na-adịghị mma, ma na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe mgbasa nkè thermohaline zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=El Niño & Other Oscillations|url=https://www.whoi.edu/main/topic/el-nino-other-oscillations|accessdate=2021-10-08|work=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406082544/https://www.whoi.edu/main/topic/el-nino-other-oscillations|archive-date=2019-04-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mmụba nke OHC na-akpata 30o40% nke [[Tashin matakin teku|ịrị elu nke oke osimiri]] ụwa site na afọ 1900 ruo afọ 2020 n'ihi mgbasawanye okpomọkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-21|title=NASA-led study reveals the causes of sea level rise since 1900|url=https://sealevel.nasa.gov/news/191/nasa-led-study-reveals-the-causes-of-sea-level-rise-since-1900|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa ihe na-eme ka ice nke oké osimiri, iceberg, na mmiri mmiri na-agbaze. Mfu ice na-ebelata polar albedo, na-eme ka mpaghara na ụwa ghara ịdị mmá.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Garcia-Soto, Carlos|date=2022-10-20|title=An Overview of Ocean Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature, Ocean Heat Content, Ocean pH, Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Thickness and Volume, Sea Level and Strength of the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation)|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.642372}}</ref> Nlaghachi ice na-esi na ya apụta abụwo ngwa ngwa ma gbasaa màkà ice mmiri Arctic, na n'ime fjords ùgwù dị ka nke Greenland na Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rebecca Lindsey and Michon Scott|date=2021-09-21|title=Climate Change: Arctic sea ice|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-minimum-arctic-sea-ice-extent|publisher=National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2023-04-12|archivedate=2021-10-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011101530/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-minimum-arctic-sea-ice-extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Maria-Jose Viñas and Carol Rasmussen|date=2015-08-05|title=Warming seas and melting ice sheets|url=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2328/warming-seas-and-melting-ice-sheets/|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Mmetụta na ice nke oké osimiri Antarctic na nnukwu ice shelves nke Antarctic nke na-akwụsị n'ime Southern Ocean dịgasị iche site na mpaghara ma na-abawanye n'ihi mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Michon Scott|date=2021-03-26|title=Understanding climate: Antarctic sea ice extent|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/understanding-climate-antarctic-sea-ice-extent|publisher=National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2023-04-12|archivedate=2021-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324010856/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/understanding-climate-antarctic-sea-ice-extent}}</ref> Nkewa nke Thwaites Ice Shelf na ndị agbata obi ya na West Antarctica nyere aka ihe dị ka 10% nke ịrị elu nke oke osimiri n'afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Carly Cassella|date=2021-04-11|title=Warm Water Under The 'Doomsday Glacier' Threatens to Melt It Faster Than We Predicted|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/warm-water-underneath-the-doomsday-glacier-threatens-to-its-main-support-point|work=sciencealert.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=British Antarctic Survey|date=2021-12-15|title=The threat from Thwaites: The retreat of Antarctica's riskiest glacier|url=https://phys.org/news/2021-12-threat-thwaites-retreat-antarctica-riskiest.html|work=phys.org}}</ref> === Nchọpụta na mgbanwe ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya === [[Usòrò:Ocean_heat_anomaly_map_2020.jpg|thumb|Map nke oke osimiri okpomọkụ na mita 700 n'elu maka afọ 2020 na nkezi 1993 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/reporting-state-climate-2020|title=Reporting on the State of the Climate in 2020|author=Jessica Blunden|date=25 August 2021|publisher=National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration|work=Climate.gov}}</ref> Mpaghara ụfọdụ nwetara ike karịa ndị ọzọ n'ihi ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala ụgbọ njem dịka ifufe na mmiri.]] Ọ bụ ezie na elu puku abuo m nkè oké osimiri ahụ enweela okpomọkụ na nkezi kemgbe afọ 1970, ọnụego okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri dịgasị iche na mpaghara na subpolar North Atlantic na-ekpo ọkụ nkè nta nkè nta na Southern Ocean na-ewe nnukwu okpomọkụ n'ihi ikuku ikuku ikuku na-ekwo ekwo: 1230  === Enyemaka na nyocha nke oké osimiri na atụmatụ steeti === {{excerpt|Ocean reanalysis|paragraphs=1-2|file=no}} [[Usòrò:Argo_floats_in_Feb._2018_colour_coded_by_country.png|thumb|320x320px|Nhazi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụgbọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na usoro Argo<ref name="argosd">{{Cite web|title=About Argo|url=https://argo.ucsd.edu/about/|accessdate=27 January 2023|publisher=Scripps Institute of Oceanography, UC San Diego}}</ref>]] Nnyocha okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri na-abịa na ihe isi ike, ọkachasị tupu itinye Argo profailing floats. N'ihi oghere na-adịghị mmá na data na-adịghị njọ, ọ naghị adị mfe mgbè niile ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụwa ogologo ógè na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ihe atụ nke ihe ndị a na-agbagwoju anya bụ ọdịiche nke El Niño South Oscillation ma ọ bụ mgbanwe na okpomọkụ dị n'oké osimiri nke nnukwu mgbawa ugwu kpatara.{{Clear}} == Hụkwa == * Mmiri acid nke oké osimiri * Ọdịdị nke oké osimiri * Akụkọ pụrụ iche banyere Oké Osimiri na Cryosphere na Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe * Oké ifufe na mgbanwe ihu igwe *  Climate change portal *  Ecology portal *  Oceans portal == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Àlà]] bevk1gymoparedrr6qilyioozlwsew0 0 25093 728186 595870 2026-09-26T12:01:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728186 wikitext text/x-wiki Love Food Hate Waste bụ mkpọsa, nke Waste & Resources Action Programme bịdọrọ n'afọ 2007, na ebumnuche nke ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nri na United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3312730/Help-the-environment-reduce-food-waste.html|title=Help the Environment, reduce food waste|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=2009-03-24|first=Paul|author=Eccleston|date=2007-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111093524/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3312730/Help-the-environment-reduce-food-waste.html|archive-date=2012-11-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ébé ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwalitewo ma gbasaa mkpọsa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Waste Aware Love Food|url=http://www.wasteawarescotland.org.uk/html/foodWaste.asp|publisher=Waste Aware Scotland|accessdate=2009-01-19|archivedate=2009-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129211037/http://wasteawarescotland.org.uk/html/foodWaste.asp}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi ahụ na-azọrọ na ọ enyerela ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde ezinụlọ abụọ aka belata ihe oriri ha na-emefu, nke ruru ihe fọrọ nke ọma ka ọ bụrụ narị atọ pound nde ma kwụsị 137,000 tọn ihe mkpofu na-emebi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=15861&channel=0|title=Campaign to stop food waste is working|publisher=Edie|year=2009|accessdate=2009-04-04}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi ahụ agbasaala ugbu a na Australia, New Zealand na Canada. == Njedebe nke iji ya eme ihe site na ụbọchị == N'ihe banyere mkpọsa Love Food Hate Waste, minista UK Hilary Benn kwupụtara atụmatụ ịkwụsị iji ụbọchị eme ihe ka ọ na-ahụ ha dị ka isi ihe kpatara nri furu efu. E nwèrè atụmatụ iji dochie iji teknụzụ ọhụrụ dịka ihe na-egosi okpomọkụ ógè.<ref> {{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/kitchen-bin-war-tackling-the-food-waste-mountain-1698753.html|work=The Independent|title=Kitchen bin war: tackling the food waste mountain|first=Rachel|author=Shields|date=2009-06-07|accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ihe oriri na United Kingdom * Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu na Australia == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.lovefoodhatewaste.com/ Ịhụnanya Nri Ịkpọasị Ihe Mgbọrọgwụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120314171151/http://www.wasteawarelovefood.org.uk/ Ịhụnanya Nri Ịkpọasị Waste - Scotland] * [http://www.lovefoodhatewaste.co.nz Ịhụnanya Nri Ịkpọasị Waste - New Zealand] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110501170358/http://www.wasteawarescotland.org.uk/ Ihe Ndị A Na-emefu Egwu Scotland] * [http://www.lovefoodhatewaste.ca/ Ịhụnanya Nri Ọkpụkpọ - Metro Vancouver] ronl3wsn0uwoit96q9g8utlff87s82j 0 25711 728197 130951 2026-09-26T12:38:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728197 wikitext text/x-wiki A New Source Review (NSR) bụ usoro ikikere nke US Congress mepụtara n'afọ 1977 dị ka akụkụ nke usoro mmezigharị na Clean Air Act. Usoro NSR chọrọ ka ụlọ ọrụ gafee nyocha nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Màkà Nchebe Gburugburu Ébé Obibi tupu iwu ụlọ màkà njikwa gburugburu ébé obibi ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-atụ aro ma ọ bụ iwu ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ọ bụla na ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a nke ga-emepụta "nnukwu mmụba" nke mmetọ a na-achịkwa. Iwu ahụ nyèrè ohere ka "nlekọta a haziri ahazi" ghara ikpuchi ya na usoro NSR.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/nsr/info.html |title=EPA Factsheet on New Source Review |access-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040821214828/http://www.epa.gov/nsr/info.html |archive-date=2004-08-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ébé ọ bụ na akọwaghị okwu "nnukwu mmụba" na "nlekọta a haziri ahazi" n'ụzọ doro ányà na iwu, ha aghọwo isi iyi nke esemokwu n'ọtụtụ ikpe nke EPA, ndị otu ọdịmma ọha na eze, na ndị ọrụ. == Ikpe ụlọ ikpe dị mkpa nke New Source Review == === Ikpe nke Wisconsin Energy Corporation === N'afọ 1988, ụlọ ọrụ Wisconsin Energy Corporation (WEPCo) nyèrè EPA nyocha NSR màkà mmezi na ụlọ ọrụ Port Washington. Mmeziwanye ahụ gụnyere dochie anya na ịrụzi ngwá ọrụ ochie gụnyere ndị na-emepụta turbine steam, isi ihe ndị na-esi mmiri na nnukwu ngwọta asbestos. WEPCo kwenyere na mbụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke e wuru n'afọ 1932, agaghị anọ n'okpuru ihe NSR chọrọ ma kama ọ ga-ada n'okpuru "nlekọta, nrụzi, na dochie anya". Otú ọ dị, EPA kpebiri na mmelite ahụ ga-agbatị ndụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ma bụrụ ogologo ógè na mmụba dị ịrịba ama na ikuku nke ụlọ ọrụ, na-akpali WEPCo ịgba EPA akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe gọọmentị etiti.<ref>[http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11701#toc New Source Review for Stationary Sources of Air Pollution]. National Research Council. 2006</ref> === Duke Energy === N'agbata afọ 1998 na 2000, Duke Energy nke dị na Charlotte mèrè mgbanwe irí abụọ na itoolu na mmelite na ọtụtụ n'ime mpaghara coal ya. Mgbanwe ndị a, dị ka ndị dị na WEPCo, enweghị mmetụta na mpụga nke unit ma e mèrè iji dochie ma ọ bụ melite ngwá ọrụ ochie. Duke etinyeghị akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ nweta ikikere site na EPA màkà ọrụ a, a gbara ya akwụkwọ. EPA kwùrù na mgbanwe na mmelite nwèrè ike ịbawanye ikike izipu nke nkeji, ma nye ha ohere ịrụ ọrụ na mmepụta dị elu màkà ogologo ógè, na-etinye Duke karịa [[Prevention of Significant Deterioration|mgbochi nke]] EPA nke mmebi dị ịrịba ama (PSD), na-achọ NSR akpaghị aka.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080415130644/http://www.law.duke.edu/publiclaw/supremecourtonline/certgrants/2006/envvduk Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp], [[Duke University Law School]]</ref> == Mmetụta gọọmentị == N'afọ ndị 1990, EPA malitere atụmatụ iji mee ka ihe ọhụrụ a chọrọ màkà nyocha megide ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ. A na-agbakwunye mgbalị EPA site na ọrụ mmanye dị íchè íchè nke steeti na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị na-etinye akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na-etinye áká dị ka ndị na-eme mkpesa n'okpuru ihe ndị na-akpata ime ihe na Clean Air Act.<ref>See, For example, United States v. Cinergy Corp., 458 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2006), United States v. American Electric Power Service Corp., 137 F.Supp. 2d 1060 (S.D. Ohio 2001), TVA v. Whitman, 336 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2003), Sierra Club v. TVA, 430 F.3d 1337 (11th Cir. 2005).</ref><ref>42 U.S.C. 7604</ref> Steeti ndị na-emegide ónyé a na-ebo ebubo na-eje ozi dị ka ndị na-etinye aka na ndị na-ebo akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na ndị na'ebo ebubo nọ na-akọwa iwu ahụ n'ụzọ siri ike karịa ka e mèrè ya. Nsonaazụ nke atụmatụ ahụ dịgasị iche. == Hụkwa == * Teknụzụ Nchịkwa Kasị Mma Dịnụ == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} eiy5znl2cqxme5t4u9qyyxysk1pe201 0 26143 728189 214854 2026-09-26T12:10:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Afrịka''' na esite na mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ma na emetụta ụmụ mmadụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ndụ niile. Nsogbu gụnyere mgbukpọ ọhịa, mmebi ala, mmetọ ikuku, mmetor mmiri, mmetụ mkpofu, mgbanwe ihu igwe na [[Enweghị mmiri n'Africa|ụkọ mmiri]] (na akpata nsogbu na ịnweta [[Mmiri na ịdị ọcha na mpaghara Sahara Africa|mmiri]] dị mma na ịdị ọcha).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-03-08|title=Types of Environmental Issues: Meaning, Pollution, Videos, Examples|language=en-US|work=Toppr-guides|url=http://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/environmental-issues/types-of-environmental-issues/|accessdate=2022-06-03}}</ref> Nsogbu ndị a na akpata [[Environmental conflict|esemokwu gburugburu ebe obibi]] ma jikọta ya na ọgụ ọha na eze sara mbara maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ọbụbụeze.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Obi|first=Cyril|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/153316952|title=Environmental movements in sub-Saharan Africa : a political ecology of power and conflict|date=2005|publisher=UN Research Institute for Social Development|oclc=153316952}}</ref> == Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa == Nnukwu igbutu osisi na mbelata nke mpaghara ọhịa bụ isi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Kọntinent Afrịka. A na egbutu oké ọhịa na ntụgharị ala maka ọrụ ugbo, ebe obibi na mkpa mmanụ. Pasent iri itoolu nke ndị bi n'Afrika chọrọ osisi iji mee ihe dị ka mmanụ maka okpomọkụ na isi nri. N'ihi ya, mpaghara ọhịa na ebelata kwa ụbọchị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mpaghara nke oké ọhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Dị ka United Mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba si kwuo, ''ọnụ ọgụgụ ọzara nke Afrika bụ okpukpu abụọ karịa nke ụwa''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/|title=Deforestation reaches worrying level – UN|author=Banda, Jr|first=Sam|date=11 June 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008083104/http://www.africanews.com/site/list_messages/18831|archivedate=8 October 2008|publisher=africanews.com}}</ref>. [[Usòrò:Deforestation_of_Rainforest.jpg|thumb|Mgbukpọ nke Oké Ọhịa Mmiri]] Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na akwadoghị, nke bụ isi ihe ọzọ na akpata mgbukpọ ọhịa, dịgasị iche site na mba ruo mba, dịka 50% na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] na 80% na [[Liberia]]. Na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], ọ bụ mkpa nke ụmụ amaala dara ogbenye kpatara mgbukpọ ọhịa, yana igbu osisi na igwu ala n'enweghị onye nlekọta. Na Etiopia, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na mba ahụ, nke na-akpata mmụba n'ọrụ ugbo, mmepụta anụ ụlọ, na osisi mmanụ. Agụmakwụkwọ dị ala na obere ntinye aka gọọmentị na enyekwa aka n'ịgbukpọ ọhịa. Ọ bụ ụmụ amaala na eji usoro slash-na-ọkụ eme ihe kpatara mbibi ọhịa [[Madagascar]] mgbe nnwere onwe site na ndị France. N'afọ 2005, Naịjirịa nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke mgbukpọ ọhịa n'ụwa, dị ka Òtù nri na ọrụ ugbo nke United Mba(FAO) si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deforestation statistics for Nigeria|url=https://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/archive/Nigeria.htm|accessdate=2021-10-25|work=Mongabay}}</ref> Mgbukpọ ọhịa na Naịjirịa sitere na ịkpụ osisi, ọrụ ugbo, na nchịkọta osisi maka mmanụ. Dị ka gfy si kwuo, mgbukpọ ọhịa emebiwo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 90% nke oké ọhịa Afrika. Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka nwere naanị 22.8% nke oké ọhịa ya na ekpo ọkụ fọdụrụ, na 81% nke oké ọhịa ochie na-eto eto na Naịjirịa furu efu n'ime afọ 15. Mgbukpọ ọhịa na ebelata ohere mmiri ozuzo; Etiopia enweela ụnwụ nri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo n'ihi nke a. 98% nke oké ọhịa [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] apụọla n'anya n'ime afọ 50 gara aga. N'ime afọ 43, oke ọhịa [[Kenya]] belatara site na 10% ruo 1.7%. Mgbukpọ ọhịa na Madagascar emeela ka ọ bụrụ ọzara, ala furu efu, na mmebi mmiri, na akpata enweghị ike nke mba ahụ inye ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto eto. N'ime afọ ise gara aga, Naịjirịa tụfuru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke oké ọhịa ya. Gọọmentị Etiopia, tinyere òtù ndị dị ka Farm Afrika, na-amalite ime ihe iji kwụsị igbuchapụ oké ọhịa. Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa bụ nsogbu, oké ọhịa dịkwa mkpa n'Afrika, ebe ndị mmadụ na adabere na ha nke ukwuu iji nye mkpa ndị bụ isi. A na eji osisi eme ihe maka ebe obibi, uwe, ihe ọrụ ugbo, na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. A na ejikwa ihe ndị dị n'ọhịa mepụta ọgwụ na nri dịgasị iche iche. Ụfọdụ n'ime nri ndị a gụnyere mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ osisi, mmanụ aṅụ, na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Osisi dị oke mkpa maka uru akụ na ụba n'Afrika, ọkachasị na mba ndị na emepe emepe. Oké ọhịa na enyekwa gburugburu ebe obibi aka. A na eme atụmatụ na belt akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke Afrika nwere ihe karịrị nde 1.5 ụdị. Enweghị ebe obibi ọhịa iji chebe ụdị ahụ, ndị mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ihe ndụ nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na ụdị dị iche iche nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na mgbukpọ ọhịa. Omume ahụ bụ mmetụta domino nke na-emetụta ọtụtụ akụkụ nke obodo, gburugburu ebe obibi, na akụ na ụba.<ref>Hillstrom & Hillstrom The Worlds environments. a continental overview of environmental issues 2003 pg. 85–86</ref> Ọtụtụ mba Afrịka amalitela ịrụ ọrụ mweghachi iji weghachi mmetụta nke igbutu osisi. E gosiputara ọrụ ndị a iji meziwanye gburugburu ebe obibi n'ọtụtụ ụzọ na ihe ndị mmadụ bi nso. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, "atụmatụ mweghachi na agroforestry nwere ike inye aka, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịchịkọta carbon, gbochie idei mmiri, kwalite ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, dozie ala ndị mebiri emebi, na-enye ike maka ndị ogbenye ime obodo ma melite iji ala na njikwa mmiri."<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Favretto|first=Nicola|date=12 March 2018|title=Links between Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation and Development in Land Policy and Ecosystem Restoration Projects: Lessons from South Africa|journal=Sustainability|volume=10|issue=3|pages=779|doi=10.3390/su10030779|issn=2071-1050}}</ref> == Mmetụta ala == [[Usòrò:Sand_on_roadside_2.jpg|thumb|Ájá na mmiri n'akụkụ ụzọ ahụ, na-akpata mbuze na gburugburu ebe obibi]] Mmiri ozuzo, osimiri na ifufe kpatara na ojiji gabigara ókè nke ala maka ọrụ ugbo na obere ojiji nke nsị emeela ka ala ghara ịmị mkpụrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mbara ala nke Naịl na Osimiri oroma. Isi ihe na-akpata mmebi ala bụ enweghị fatịlaịza a na eji eme ihe, ebe ọ bụ na ala Afrịka enweghị ihe oriri. Mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ enyekwara aka mgbe ndị mmadụ chọrọ ịkọ ihe, dị ka isi iyi nke ego, mana ha anaghị eme ihe iji chebe ala, n'ihi ego dị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Soil Degradation in Africa IFA|url=http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa|work=fertilizer.org|publisher=IFA|accessdate=15 May 2013|archivedate=10 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510070935/http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Land and Environmental Degradation and Desertification in Africa|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5318E/x5318e02.htm|publisher=FAO|accessdate=15 May 2013}}</ref> Ụzọ ndị dị ugbu a na akpata nrụgide dị ukwuu na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka oké ọhịa, ọ naghịkwa adịgide adịgide.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Soil Degradation in Africa / SUSTAINABILITY / HomePage / IFA|url=http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa|work=fertilizer.org|publisher=IFA|accessdate=15 May 2013|archivedate=10 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510070935/http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa}}</ref> E nwekwara ihe na akpata gburugburu ebe obibi nke ala na adịghị mma. Ọtụtụ n'ime ala ahụ nwere nkume ma ọ bụ ụrọ sitere na mgbawa ugwu. Ihe ndị ọzọ na akpata ya gụnyere mbuze, ọzara, na mgbukpọ ọhịa. Isi iyi ọzọ nke mmebi ala bụ njikwa na ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ihe mkpofu, enweghị ụlọ ọrụ na usoro iji jikwaa ihe mkpofu na eduga na ịwụfu ihe mkpofu n'ime ala, ya mere na akpata mmebi ala site na usoro dị ka leaching. Mmebi nke ala Afrịka na akpata mbelata mmepụta nri, na emebi mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, na mbelata zuru oke na ogo ndụ n'Afrịka.<ref name="auto"/> Nsogbu a ga-ebelata ma ọ bụrụ na fatịlaịza na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ dị ọnụ ala karị ma si otú a jiri ya mee ihe karịa.<ref name="auto1"/> Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu enyewo ọrụ Ntụle zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mmebi ala mmadụ kpalitere (GLASOD) iji nyochaa ihe kpatara ya na ọnọdụ ala ahụ. Enwere ike ịnweta ozi anakọtara n'efu, a na-atụkwa anya na a ga-eme ka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nọ n'ebe ndị a na-eyi egwu mara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soil Degradation|url=http://www.goodplanet.info/eng/Pollution/Soils/Soil-degradation|publisher=Goodplanet.info|accessdate=15 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518084447/http://www.goodplanet.info/eng/Pollution/Soils/Soil-degradation|archivedate=18 May 2013}}</ref> == Mmetọ ikuku == [[Usòrò:Air_Pollution_in_Ghana.jpg|thumb|Ọkụ nke taya ụgbọ ala na ịkpata nnukwu mmetọ ikuku na Accra]] Mmiri dị n'Afrika na emetọ nke ukwuu n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe ndị e kwuru n'okpuru ebe a. Ụzọ mbụ nke ọrụ ugbo nke na ewere ọnọdụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'Afrika bụ n'ezie ihe kpatara ya. Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (FAO) na-eme atụmatụ na nde hekta 11.3 nke ala na-efu kwa afọ maka ọrụ ugbo, ịta nri, ọkụ na enweghị nchịkwa na iji nkụ.<ref>Lanly, J.P. (1982) ''Tropical Forest Resources''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/an778e/an778e00.pdf</ref> A na-eji ọkụ nke osisi na icheku ọkụ eme ihe maka isi nri ma nke a na-eme ka a tọhapụ carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku, nke bụ ihe na egbu egbu na ikuku.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.eg.10.110185.002203|title=Fuelwood and Charcoal Use in Developing Countries|journal=[[Annual Review of Energy]]|volume=10|pages=407–29|year=1985|author=Wood|first=T S}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1029/2007GL031101|title=On the causal link between carbon dioxide and air pollution mortality|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=35|issue=3|pages=L03809|year=2008|author=Jacobson|first=Mark Z}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ụkọ ike, ọtụtụ ụlọ ga-adabere na mmanụ na mmanụ dizel na ndị na-emepụta ihe iji mee ka ọkụ eletrik ha na-agba ọsọ.<ref name="auto2">World Health Organization (2013). Regional burden of disease due to indoor air pollution. Retrieved from </ref> Mmetọ ikuku n'Afrika na-abịa n'ihu ma ekwesighi ileghara ya anya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na South Afrika, ọkwa mercury siri ike n'ihi ọkụ kol na igwupụta ọlaedo. Mercury na-amịkọrọ site na ikuku n'ime ala na mmiri. Ala na enye ohere ka ihe ọkụkụ mịrị mercury, nke ụmụ mmadụ na-eri. Ụmụ anụmanụ na-eri ahịhịa nke na-amị mercury na ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike iri anụmanụ ndị a ọzọ. Azụ na-amị mercury site na mmiri, ụmụ mmadụ na eri azụ ahụ ma na-aṅụ mmiri nke na-amịrị mercury. Nke a na eme ka ọkwa mercury dị n'ime ụmụ mmadụ. Nke a nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu ihe ize ndụ ahụike.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.010|title=The impact of post gold mining on mercury pollution in the West Rand region, Gauteng, South Africa|journal=Journal of Geochemical Exploration|volume=134|pages=111–9|year=2013|author=Lusilao-Makiese|first=J.G}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1039/B917452D|pmid=20145889|title=Elevated mercury exposure in communities living alongside the Inanda Dam, South Africa|journal=J. Environ. Monit.|volume=12|issue=2|pages=472–7|year=2010|author=Papu-Zamxaka|first=Vathiswa|url=http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/15981/1/Papu-Zamxaka_Elevated%282010%29.pdf}}</ref> A na-atụ anya na Afrika nwere ike ịnọchite anya ọkara nke mmetọ ụwa site na 2030, na-adọ onye nduzi Cathy Liousse aka ná ntị maka nyocha nke ikuku nke CNRS, yana ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta ndị ọzọ. Dị ka akụkọ ahụ si kwuo, mpaghara Sahara Afrika na enwe mmetọ na-arịwanye elu ngwa ngwa, nke sitere n'ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, dị ka ọkụ ọkụ maka isi nri, ọkụ ọkụ nke ihe mkpofu, okporo ụzọ, nri na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal, uzuzu sitere na Sahara nke ifufe na ebufe na mpaghara Sahel, ihe a niile siri ike site na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ime obodo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/11/29/en-afrique-de-l-ouest-une-pollution-mortelle-mais-d-ampleur-inconnue_6021103_3212.html|language=fr|title=En Afrique de l'Ouest, une pollution mortelle mais d'ampleur inconnue|date=29 November 2019|author=Mariama Darame|work=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-akọ banyere mkpa ọ dị itinye aka mgbe ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta nke Afọ ndụ ndị nkwarụ agbanweela furu efu n'ihi ikpughe na mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ n'Afrika.<ref>World Health Organization (2013). Mental Health – DALYs/YLDs definition. Retrieved from </ref><ref name="auto2">World Health Organization (2013). Regional burden of disease due to indoor air pollution. Retrieved from </ref> A chọrọ mmanụ iji mee ka ọkụ dị n'abalị. Mmanụ a na-ere ọkụ na-akpata nnukwu ikuku carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku. N'ihi mmụba nke ime obodo n'Afrika, ndị mmadụ na-ere mmanụ ụgbọala na-arịwanye elu ma na-eji ọtụtụ ụgbọala maka njem. Mmụba nke ikuku ụgbọ ala na omume na-aga n'ihu na mmepụta ihe ka ukwuu pụtara na ikuku ikuku obodo na kọntinent ahụ na-akawanye njọ. Nke a bụkwa ihe mere n'ọtụtụ nnukwu obodo dị na Naịjirịa ebe ndị isi na-enye aka na ikuku na-adịghị mma gụnyere ikuku ụgbọ ala, ikuku ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọkụ ọkụ siri ike. Mgbanwe oge na mmetọ dịkwa na ọkwa kachasị elu nke mmetọ ikuku na-eme n'oge ọkọchị (Novemba ruo Maachi n'ebe ugwu, May ruo Septemba n'ebe ndịda).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria General Health Risks: Air Pollution|url=https://www.iamat.org/country/nigeria/risk/air-pollution|accessdate=2023-05-05|archivedate=2024-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211081943/https://www.iamat.org/country/nigeria/risk/air-pollution}}</ref> N'ọtụtụ mba, ojiji nke mmanụ ụgbọala na-ebute ụzọ ka na-agbasa ebe niile, na njikwa ikuku ụgbọ ala adịghị. Mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ jupụtara ebe niile, ọkachasị site na ọkụ coal na kichin maka isi nri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Air Quality in Africa|url=http://www.epa.gov/international/air/africa.htm|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency|accessdate=15 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218153604/http://www.epa.gov/international/air/africa.htm|archive-date=18 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ngwakọta ndị a na ewepụta site na ọdụ mmanụ na nitrogen na hydrocarbon a na-emepụta site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu na akpata mmetọ ikuku. Carbon dioxide gas ndị ọzọ na ekpo ọkụ na ikuku na akpata mmụba nke ndị nwere nsogbu iku ume.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scorgie|first=Yvanne|title=Air Quality and Regulation|url=http://www.naca.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74:air-quality-and-regulation&catid=37:the-air-quality-act-aqa&Itemid=56|publisher=NACA|accessdate=15 May 2013}}</ref> Enwere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmetọ ikuku na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Afrịka dịgasị iche iche n'etiti mpaghara ndị mmadụ jupụtara na mpaghara ndị mmadụ na erughị. N'ógbè ebe e nwere obere mmepe ụlọ ọrụ na mmadụ ole na ole, ikuku dị elu. N'aka nke ọzọ, n'ógbè ndị mmadụ jupụtara na ndị mepere emepe, ikuku dị ala. Idozi mmetọ ikuku n'obodo ukwu na-abụkarị ihe kachasị mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na kọntinent ahụ n'ozuzu ya na-emepụta obere mmetọ ifufe site na ụkpụrụ mba ụwa. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, mmetọ ikuku na-akpata nsogbu ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a na-emetọ bụ ihe iyi egwu nye ndị bi n'Afrika na gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-agbalịsi ike iji kwado.<ref>Hillstrom & Hillstrom The Worlds environments. a continental overview of environmental issues 2003 pp. 207–208</ref> N'afọ 2019, mmetọ ikuku gburu nde mmadụ 1.1 gafee Africa, dịka nnyocha e bipụtara na Nke Lancet Planetary Ahụike n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Air pollution and development in Africa: impacts on health, the economy, and human capital|year=2021|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00201-1|pmid=34627472|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(21)00201-1/fulltext|author=Fisher|first=Samantha|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health|volume=5|issue=10|pages=e681–e688}}</ref> Ihe karịrị nde ụmụaka Afrịka 350 bi n'ezinụlọ ndị na-eji mmanụ siri ike, ọkachasị osisi na kol, maka isi nri na okpomọkụ. Mgbasa sitere na mmanụ ndị a siri ike bụ isi ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Andrew Mambondiyani|date=2021-10-25|title=Air Pollution Killed a Million People in Africa in 2019|url=http://eos.org/articles/air-pollution-killed-a-million-people-in-africa-in-2019|accessdate=2021-10-25|work=Eos|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mgbanwe ihu igwe == {{Excerpt|Climate change in Africa}} == Enweghị mmiri == {{Excerpt|Water scarcity in Africa|paragraphs=1,2|file=no}} == Mmetọ plastik == [[Usòrò:Share_of_plastic_waste_that_is_inadequately_managed,_OWID.svg|thumb|Akụkụ nke ihe mkpofu plastik nke a na-ejighị n'aka]] Dị ka n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mba ndị na emepe emepe, mmetọ plastik na akpata nsogbu zuru oke dị ka mmetọ nke ụzọ mmiri, mmebi nke nchịkwa mmiri ozuzo, na mmụba nke ọrịa n'ihi anwụnta na ụmụ ahụhụ na ebi na plastik.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Lerner|first=Sharon|date=2020-04-19|title=Africa's Exploding Plastic Nightmare: As Africa Drowns in Garbage, the Plastics Business Keeps Booming|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/04/19/africa-plastic-waste-kenya-ethiopia/|accessdate=2022-03-06|work=The Intercept|language=en-US}}</ref> Nchịkwa na ezighị ezi nke plastik bụ ngwakọta nke ọnụ ala nke ụdị ndị na emepụta ihe niile, dịka ọmụmaatụ site n'inye ohere dị mkpa maka mmiri site na karama mmiri na akpa mmiri, yana nlekọta na adịghị mma nke ihe mkpofu mgbe ejiri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lerner|first=Sharon|date=2020-04-19|title=Africa's Exploding Plastic Nightmare: As Africa Drowns in Garbage, the Plastics Business Keeps Booming|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/04/19/africa-plastic-waste-kenya-ethiopia/|accessdate=2022-03-06|work=The Intercept|language=en-US}}</ref> Ebe ụfọdụ n'Afrika abụwokwa ebe a na enweta ihe mkpofu plastik site na Global North.<ref name=":1"/> Gọọmentị ụfọdụ na-azaghachi, na kọntinent ahụ na-eduga ụwa ndị ọzọ na mmachibido iwu plastik nke belatara ojiji na imepụta plastik eji eme ihe dịka akpa plastik na ngwá ọrụ na enye nri.<ref name=":1" /> == Hụkwa == * Afrịka gburugburu (akwụkwọ akụkọ) * Africover (ọrụ UN) * AFR100 * Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na Niger Delta * Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People * Ọzara n'Africa == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23493687 Ịdị n'otu ụwa na esemokwu gburugburu ebe obibi n'Africa] * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-015-8947-5_9 Esemokwu gburugburu ebe obibi n'Africa] * [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825217301356 Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe kpatara esemokwu na Horn of Africa: Nnyocha] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} * Hillstrom, Kevin, na Laurie Collier Hillstrom. The Worlds environments. a continental nlele n'ozuzu nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Njikọ mpụga == * Fleshman, Michael "Zọpụta oké ọhịa Africa, akpa ume nke ụwa" Jenụwarị 2008 United Nations [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9yeu5kybvl5zxzd4sgthjpn204r8sbj 0 26960 728307 125381 2026-09-26T20:07:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Radio Gaalkacyo''' Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ redio dabere na Galkayo, [[Somalia]] . == Nchịkọta == O nwere webụsaịtị emetụtara nke edere n'asụsụ Somali na n'asụsụ bekee, na-enye akụkọ na mgbede dị ugbu a. A na-akpọbu Radio Free Somalia, Radio Gaalkacyo na-agụta ugbu a ndị ọbịa 50,000 kwa ụbọchị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya. O nwekwara ihe dịka ndị na-ege ntị 950,000 na redio FM nke dị na Galkayo Na Garowe na mpaghara [[Puntland]] nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke ruru ihe karịrị 250 km2. * Mgbasa ozi nke Somalia * Radio Garowe * Radio Laascaanood * Radio Mogadishu * Radio Daljir * * * * * [[Radio Daljir|Radio Garowe]] * == Njikọ mpụga == * (Somali) (n'asụsụ Bekee) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060712052024/http://www.radiogaalkacyo.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Radio Gaalkacyo1] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100112110050/http://www.allradiogaalkacyo.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Radio Gaalkacyo2] tbpysimg9xpqcvtwse57c7ez5eat06o 0 27381 728360 726255 2026-09-27T01:16:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|image=Sandra Appiah.jpg|name=Sandra Appiah|birth_date=March 30, 1989|birth_place=Ghana|occupation=Media Entrepreneur Co-Founder & CEO, [[Face2Face Africa]] Co-Founder, [http://www.panagenius.com PanaGenius Inc].}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] .Sandra Appiah (amuru March 30, 1989) bu onye nchoputa ulo oru mgbasa ozi Face2face Africa, ebe o jere ozi dika onye isi ala site na 2016 rue 2020. Na 2019, o bidoro PanaGenius Inc. With Face2face Africa dika ya.Akara flagship, PanaGenius na-erute ihe karịrị nde ndị ọrụ 2 kwa ọnwa site na ikpo okwu dị n'ịntanetị ma na-etinye puku kwuru puku ndị ọzọ site na mmemme dịka Mgbakọ izu ụka Pan-Africa na New York City.na mba 30Black Stars Conference and Awards == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Appiah n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Ghana]] n'otu obere obodo na 1989, ọ kwagara [[Italy|Ịtali]] mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, ma biri na Milan.<ref name="Nsehe" /><ref name="Dia" /><ref name="Ebony" /><ref name="BET" /><ref name="Grio" /><ref name="Ebony" /><ref name="Figaro" /><ref name="Grio" /><ref name="Grio" /> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ezinụlọ ya kwagara New York City ọzọ.<ref name="Dia" /><ref name="Ebony" /> Appiah gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Bronx, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu ikpeazụ ma nata agụmakwụkwọ na S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications na Mahadum Syracuse.<ref name="MadameNoire" /><ref name="Syracuse">{{Cite journal|author=Appiah|first=Sandra|title=Homecoming|url=https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone/325|journal=Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects|accessdate=26 August 2019|date=2010}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na telivishọn, redio, na ihe nkiri na obere na ime ihe nkiri, ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ ''magna cum laude'', nke New York Times College Scholarship na Jonathan Levin (Time Warner) Scholarship kwadoro.<ref name="Syracuse" /> Ọ nwetara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nkwenkwe na-ezighi ezi banyere ndị Afrịka nọ n'Ịtali na US, site n'aka ndị Afrịka-Amerịka nakwa site na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Figaro" /><ref name="Grio" /> N'ihi ya, ihere mere ya maka ihe nketa ya, ruo mgbe ọ laghachiri Ghana n'afọ nke abụọ ya na mahadum.<ref name="Ebony" /><ref name="Figaro" /><ref name="Grio" /> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Appiah rụrụ ọrụ na The New York Times, HBO, na MTV.<ref name="Figaro">{{Cite journal|author=Quillet|first=Lucile|url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/societe/sandra-appiah-25-ans-entrepreneuse-060315-95141|title=Sandra Appiah, 25 ans, entrepreneure|journal=Madame le Figaro|date=6 March 2015}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFQuillet2015">Quillet, Lucile (6 March 2015). [http://madame.lefigaro.fr/societe/sandra-appiah-25-ans-entrepreneuse-060315-95141 "Sandra Appiah, 25 ans, entrepreneure"]. ''Madame le Figaro''.</cite></ref> Ọ bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke ọtụtụ ihe nrite. N'afọ 2011, Appiah na onye mmekọ ya bụ Isaac O. Babu-Boateng malitere Face2Face Africa, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi pan-Africa.<ref name="Nsehe">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/02/23/30-under-30-africas-best-young-entrepreneurs/#4baade881cf8|title=30 Under 30: Africa's Best Young Entrepreneurs|first=Mfonobong|author=Nsehe|work=Forbes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNsehe">Nsehe, Mfonobong. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/02/23/30-under-30-africas-best-young-entrepreneurs/#4baade881cf8 "30 Under 30: Africa's Best Young Entrepreneurs"]. ''Forbes''.</cite></ref><ref name="Dia">{{Cite news|author=Dia|first=Hannington|title=Editor Mends Black Relations, Rebrands Africa Through New Magazine|url=http://newsone.com/2107562/face-2-face-africa-magazine/|accessdate=26 August 2019|work=NewsOne|date=2 January 2013|archive-date=5 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105052614/http://newsone.com/2107562/face-2-face-africa-magazine/|url-status=bot: unknown}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDia2013">Dia, Hannington (2 January 2013). . ''NewsOne''. Archived from [http://newsone.com/2107562/face-2-face-africa-magazine/ the original] on 5 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Ebony">{{Cite news|author=Brew-Hammond|first=Nana Ekua|url=http://www.ebony.com/news-views/africa-by-the-africans-034#axzz4pHvyRnQA|title=AFRICA BY THE AFRICANS: Young Tastemakers Aim to Challenge Stereotypes - EBONY|work=Ebony|date=8 January 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBrew-Hammond2013">Brew-Hammond, Nana Ekua (8 January 2013). [http://www.ebony.com/news-views/africa-by-the-africans-034#axzz4pHvyRnQA "AFRICA BY THE AFRICANS: Young Tastemakers Aim to Challenge Stereotypes - EBONY"]. ''Ebony''.</cite></ref><ref name="Figaro" /><ref name="Grio">{{Cite news|author=kunbitinuoye|title=Young Africans in America on a mission to rebrand homeland|url=https://thegrio.com/2013/01/24/young-africans-in-america-on-a-mission-to-rebrand-homeland/|accessdate=26 August 2019|work=The Grio|date=24 January 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFkunbitinuoye2013">kunbitinuoye (24 January 2013). [https://thegrio.com/2013/01/24/young-africans-in-america-on-a-mission-to-rebrand-homeland/ "Young Africans in America on a mission to rebrand homeland"]. ''The Grio''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackenterprise.com/career/face2face-africa-young-innovators-publish-new-magazine/|title=Young Innovators Bringing Diaspora 'Face2Face' with Africa|work=www.blackenterprise.com|date=2013-01-29}}</ref> Site na ahụmịhe ha na-etolite dị ka ndị Afrịka kwagara na United States, ha abụọ mepụtara ikpo okwu n'ịntanetị na magazin e biri ebi iji nyere aka gbanwee onyinyo [[Afrịka]] n'ime obodo ụwa.<ref name="Nsehe" /><ref name="Dia" /><ref name="Ebony" /><ref name="Figaro" /><ref name="MadameNoire">{{Cite news|author=Brew-Hammond|first=Nana Ekua|title=A New African 'Face' Hits Newsstands|url=https://madamenoire.com/254285/a-new-african-face-hits-newsstands/|accessdate=26 August 2019|work=MadameNoire|date=14 January 2013|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826053933/https://madamenoire.com/254285/a-new-african-face-hits-newsstands/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Brew-Hammond, Nana Ekua (14 January 2013). . ''MadameNoire''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Appiah na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin Face2face Africa.<ref name="Dia" /><ref name="BET">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/news/lifestyle/2013/01/17/bet-com-chats-with-face-2-face-africa-magazine-creators.html|title=BET.com Chats With Face 2 Face Africa Magazine Creators|work=[[BET]]|publisher=|access-date=2023-06-11|archive-date=2019-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730191045/https://www.bet.com/news/lifestyle/2013/01/17/bet-com-chats-with-face-2-face-africa-magazine-creators.html|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''[[BET]]''.</cite></ref> N'afọ 2020, ha malitere PanaGenius Inc, nke ga-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna na Face2face Africa na nyiwe dijitalụ ndị ọzọ. Appiah akwadola ihe ngosi okwu ịntanetị, ịgba ajụjụ ọnụ n'etiti ndị ọzọ Jesse, Alex Well, Femi Kuti, Serge Ibaka na Lira O kwuwo okwu na ogbako na ogbako n'Afrika, ikenye ụmụ nwanyị na ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara mmekọrịta ọha na eze.<ref name="Figaro"/><ref name="Leondis">{{Cite web|author=Leondis|first=Cristie|url=http://www.blackenterprise.com/news/face2face-africa-sandra-appiah-show-premieres-sunday-africa/|title=The Sandra Appiah Show: Premieres Sunday|work=www.blackenterprise.com|date=2015-01-16}}</ref><ref name="Leondis" /><ref name="Leondis" /> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] osj6ay7q936qyghn0hdyrp0d9dqh2fm 0 27613 728203 148274 2026-09-26T12:59:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728203 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Usòrò:3rd_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_3.jpg|thumb|Praịm Minista India Narendra Modi na ndị isi mba Afrịka na Family Photograph, na emume mmeghe nke 3rd India Africa Forum Summit 2015, na New Delhi na October 29, 2015.]] '''Nzukọ''' India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) bụ ikpo okwu gọọmentị maka mmekọrịta Africa na India. A ga-eme IAFS otu ugboro n'ime afọ atọ ọ bụla. E mere ya na mbụ site na Eprel 4 ruo Eprel 8, 2008 na New Delhi, [[Ndia|India]]. Ọ bụ [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|nzukọ]] mbụ dị otú ahụ n'etiti ndị isi ala na gọọmentị nke India na mba 14 nke [[Afrịka|Africa]] nke African Union họọrọ. Ndị isi ala [[Libya]] na [[Egypt|Ijipt]] abịaghị. == Ihe omume == Ọnụ ahịa mmanụ na nri na-arị elu bụ nchegbu kachasị maka ndị isi Africa na India n'oge nzukọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Anjana|author=Pasricha|title=India-Africa Summit Pledges Close Partnership|date=April 9, 2008|publisher=Voice of America|url=http://voanews.com/english/archive/2008-04/2008-04-09-voa28.cfm|work=VOA News|accessdate=January 3, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081117062233/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2008-04/2008-04-09-voa28.cfm|archive-date=November 17, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> India ekwewo nkwa ịkwado na ọkwa nke ọrụ metụtara ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ n'Africa === Isiokwu === * ngalaba ọrụ ugbo * azụmahịa * ụlọ ọrụ na itinye ego * udo na nchekwa * ịkwalite ezi ọchịchị na ọha mmadụ * teknụzụ ozi na nkwukọrịta == Nnọchiteanya Africa == * Onye isi oche nke African Union (AU) * Onye isi oche nke AU Commission * Ndị isi oche nke mpaghara akụ na ụba asatọ a ma ama (REC) * Ndị isi oche nke New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) * Ndị isi steeti na Kọmitii Mmejuputa Gọọmentị (HSIGC) * mba ise na-amalite NEPAD n'Afrịka == 2008 Nzukọ Nzukọ Nzọụkwụ India-Africa Mbụ - New Delhi, India == E mere nzukọ mbụ dị otú ahụ site na Eprel 4 ruo Eprel 8, 2008 na New Delhi, India. Ọ bụ [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|nzukọ]] mbụ dị otú ahụ n'etiti ndị isi ala na gọọmentị nke India na mba 14 nke Africa nke African Union họọrọ. Ndị isi ala [[Libya]] na [[Egypt|Ijipt]] abịaghị. == 2011 Nzukọ Nzukọ nke Abụọ India-Africa - Addis Ababa, [[Ethiopia]] == E mere nzukọ nke abụọ na isi obodo Etiopia bụ [[Addis Ababa]], India na mba Afrịka iri na ise sonyere. Ndị isi ahụ tụlere akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmekọrịta India na Afrịka na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite na ịgbasawanye ọnọdụ ya maka uru ibe ha. == 2015 Nzukọ Nzukọ nke Atọ nke India na Africa - New Delhi ==   A na-eme nzukọ nke atọ na ntụgharị na New Delhi, India site na 26 ruo 30 Ọktoba 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Dreams of a Third of Humanity Under One Roof,' Says PM Narendra Modi at India-Africa Summit|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-addresses-leaders-at-indo-african-summit-highlights-1237597|accessdate=2021-05-27|work=NDTV.com}}</ref> Nzukọ ụbọchị 5 malitere site na mkparịta ụka na ọkwa gọọmentị wee soro nzukọ nke Onye isi ala / gọọmentị na 29 Ọktoba 2015 na nzukọ abụọ a haziri na 30 Ọktobe 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India-Africa summit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-africa-summit/liveblog/49576199.cms|accessdate=2021-05-27|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Nke a bụ mgbasa ozi kachasị ukwuu nke gọọmentị Modi nke gụnyere ndị nnọchiteanya si n'ọtụtụ mba Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Biggest-diplomatic-event-India-Africa-summit-from-October-26/articleshow/46691914.cms|title=Biggest diplomatic event: India-Africa summit from October 26}}</ref> N'oge gara aga, a haziri ka e mee nzukọ ahụ na New Delhi, India na Disemba 2014. Mana n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Syed Akbaruddin, onye na-ekwuchitere Ministri Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ nke India gwara ndị mgbasa ozi na a yigharịrị nnọkọ ahụ ruo 2015 ma ga-agụnye ndị isi Afrịka ọzọ n'adịghị ka oge abụọ gara aga ebe ihe omume ahụ bụ naanị mba Afrịka 10-15. N'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke ndị isi Afrịka na India, ọ dịkarịa ala ndị isi 41 - gụnyere onye isi ala South Africa Jacob Zuma, onye isi ala Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, onye isi oche Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe na onye isi ala Naijiria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kwupụtara ọnụnọ ha na New Delhi maka nzukọ India-Africa n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/Ebola-Scare-Pushes-India-Africa-Summit-to-2015/2014/09/21/article2441381.ece|title=Ebola Scare Pushes India-Africa Summit to 2015|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=21 September 2014|accessdate=30 October 2014|archivedate=1 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101170947/http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/Ebola-Scare-Pushes-India-Africa-Summit-to-2015/2014/09/21/article2441381.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-25|title=India-Africa summit: 12 African leaders talk terror, defence with PM Narendra Modi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/india-africa-summit-pm-narendra-modi-holds-bilateral-talks-with-african-leaders/|accessdate=2021-05-27|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mmekọrịta Africa na India * Nzukọ Bandung, Nzukọ mbụ buru ibu nke Eshia na Afrịka na 1955 * [[Nzukọ maka imekọ ihe ọnụ China na Africa]] * Nzukọ Ndị Ndú United States na Africa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|India–Africa Forum Summit}} * [https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080409/wl_africa_afp/indiaafricachinadiplomacytrade "Nzukọ nke mbụ India na Africa na-ekwe nkwa mmekọrịta chiri anya"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190127163928/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/gaddafi-mubarak-to-skip-india-africa-summit_10033343.html "Gaddafi, Mubarak ga-agafe nzukọ India na Africa"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607124215/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/april/India-Africa/India-Africa.html Nzukọ Nzukọ Africa na India] * [http://mea.gov.in/indiaafricasummit/ "Ministri na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke India] {{International fora on Africa}}{{Foreign relations of India}} k953umjcarkvngr1jl33aw97e3qearu 0 27732 728379 643850 2026-09-27T02:13:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:AfricaPavilion.jpg|thumb|Shanghai Expo Mart]] {{Infobox building|image=AfricaPavilion.jpg|former_names=Africa Joint Pavilion<br/>({{zh|c=非洲聯合館}})|location_country=[[China]]|location=[[Pudong]], [[Shanghai, China]]|address=No. 2211, Shibo Avenue|coordinates={{coord|31.1845|121.4692|display=inline,title}}|map_type=China|status=built|completion_date=September 2009|floor_area={{convert|21,000|m2}}|native_name=上海世博会展中心|native_name_lang=zh}} '''Shanghai Expo Mart''' (Chinese: 上海世博会展中心; : zhǎn zhōngxīn; Shanghainese: ), nke bụbu '''Africa Joint Pavilion''' (Chinese), bụ ụlọ ngosi dị nso na Osimiri Huangpu na Shanghai, China. E wuru ụlọ nzukọ ahụ maka Expo 2010 ma nwee 21,000 square mita (230,000 ft) nke ime ụlọ na 3,600 square mita (39,000 sq ) of outdoor space.<ref name="ecns">{{Cite news|title=A new look for the city|url=http://www.ecns.cn/2012/11-07/34196.shtml|first=Zang|author=Kejia|date=Nov 7, 2011|work=Ecns.cn|accessdate=Dec 27, 2012}}</ref> A rụzigharịrị ụlọ nzukọ ahụ mgbe ngosi ahụ gasịrị, na mmezigharị na-agwụ na Nọvemba 2011.<ref name="ecns" /> == Africa Joint Pavilion == E wuru Shanghai Expo Mart maka Expo 2010 dị ka Africa Joint Pavilion.<ref name="ecns" /> E wuru ya dị ka mmekorita ya na ndị China na ndị Africa, ma wuchaa ya na Septemba 2009.<ref name="pdaily" /><ref name="pdaily-mural" /> Ogige ahụ nwere nnukwu mgbidi osisi ndị e sere n'akụkụ ụlọ ahụ.<ref name="pdaily-mural" /> Ihe osise ahụ na-eru nso na June 11, 2009, ma gosipụta ya n'ụlọ ahụ n'oge ngosi ahụ.<ref name="pdaily-mural" /> E ji saịtị ahụ gosipụta mmepe na ọdịbendị nke obodo ukwu dị n'Africa.<ref name="pdaily">{{Cite news|title=Africa Joint Pavilion - Shanghai World Expo: Not to be Missed|url=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/eng/zfgx/rwjl/t696790.htm|first=Zhang|author=Zhongxiang|date=May 21, 2010|work=[[People's Daily]]|accessdate=Dec 27, 2012}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ahụ were site na Mee 1 ruo Ọktoba 31, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Africa Joint Pavilion receives 10 millionth Expo visitor|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2010-07/27/c_13417391.htm|first=Zhang|author=Xiang|date=July 27, 2010|work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|accessdate=Dec 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204007/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2010-07/27/c_13417391.htm|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Mee 19, ihe ngosi ahụ setịpụrụ ndekọ mgbe ọ natara otu nde ndị ọbịa n'oge ihe ngosi ahụ, na June 22 mebiri nde ndị ọbịa ise, wee gafee nde 10 na July.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Visitors to Africa Joint Pavilion exceed 5M|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010expo/2010-06/22/content_10001601.htm|date=June 22, 2010|work=[[China Daily]]|accessdate=Dec 27, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The 10 millionth visitor for Africa Joint Pavilion|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010expo/2010-07/28/content_11060815.htm|date=July 28, 2010|work=[[China Daily]]|accessdate=Dec 27, 2012}}</ref> Ọ bụ ma nnukwu ụlọ ma na-anọchite anya ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke mba ọ bụla na World Expo.<ref name="pdaily" /> Ihe ngosi ahụ gosipụtara ihe ngosi sitere na mba 42 nke Afrịka na mba 8 nọchitere anya site na ndị otu ha nke African Union.<ref name="pdaily-mural">{{Cite news|title=Photo: Giant mural unveiled in the African Joint Pavilion of Shanghai World Expo|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6677573.html|date=June 22, 2009|work=[[People's Daily]]|accessdate=Dec 27, 2012}}</ref> Mgbe ngwụcha nke Expo 2010 gasịrị, atụmatụ nchịkwa nke ngosi ahụ bụ ịkwatu ụlọ ọrụ mba niile site na ihe omume ahụ ma e wezụga nke China.<ref name="ecns" /> Ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ furu $ 16 nde iji wuo, mgbe ihe omume ahụ gasịrị, e nyere obodo Shanghai isii n'ime ha site na mba ndị ọzọ: Saudi Arabia Pavilion, Italy Pavilion.<ref name="ecns" /> E weghachiri ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ nwa oge: Italy Pavilion ghọrọ Shanghai Italian Center, Expo Performance Center ghọrọ Mercedes-Benz Arena, China Pavilion ghọkwara China Art Palace, na Africa Joint Pavilion ghọọ Shanghai Expo Mart.<ref name="ecns" /> Ogige egwuregwu ahụ bụ ebe egwuregwu, kọntaktị, na ihe omume ndị ọzọ na-eme; Ụlọ Ọrụ nka China na-akwado ihe osise.<ref name="ecns" /> Pudong Expo Site Management Office ka na-eme atụmatụ ịkwatu ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na atụmatụ mmepe mpaghara dị mkpa maka mpaghara ahụ; Otú ọ dị, a ga-edebe Africa Joint Pavilion ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.<ref name="ecns" /> Mgbe ngosi ahụ gasịrị, a rụzigharịrị Africa Joint Pavilion, na mmezigharị ahụ gwụchara na Nọvemba 2011.<ref name="ecns" /> A gụgharịrị ụlọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Shanghai Expo Mart.<ref name="ecns" /> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website {{Expo 2010}} ec4towjw16lmi5f0jknjofb63a80fwm 0 27769 728343 709418 2026-09-26T23:12:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Usòrò:Rose Christiane Raponda.jpg|thumb|Rose Christiane Raponda]] '''Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda''' (amụrụ na ubochi nke 30 na onwa June n'afo 1963) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Gabon nke jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi ala nke Gabon kemgbe Jenụwarị 2023, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisiala nwanyị mbụ nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.primature.gouv.ga/biographie-du-premier-ministre|title=Biographie du Premier Ministre Chef du gouvernement Alain-Claude Bilie-By-Nze|accessdate=2023-06-16|archivedate=2021-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411132032/https://www.primature.gouv.ga/biographie-du-premier-ministre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gabonmatin.com/rose-christiane-ossouka-de-maire-de-libreville-a-ministre-de-la-defense.html|title=Rose Christiane Ossouka de maire de Libreville à ministre de la Défense nationale|date=31 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.union.sonapresse.com/gabon-politique/executif-ossouka-raponda-premiere-femme-cheffe-du-gouvernement-22308|title=Exécutif : Ossouka-Raponda, première femme cheffe du gouvernement|date=17 July 2020|accessdate=16 June 2023|archivedate=4 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604115405/https://www.union.sonapresse.com/gabon-politique/executif-ossouka-raponda-premiere-femme-cheffe-du-gouvernement-22308}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabon-names-vice-president-new-prime-minister-2023-01-09/|title=Gabon names vice-president and new prime minister|work=Reuters|date=9 January 2023|accessdate=10 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/01/09/gabon-rose-christian-ossouka-raponda-named-first-ever-female-vp/|title=Gabon: Rose Christian Ossouka Raponda named first-ever female VP|date=9 January 2023|accessdate=10 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2023-01-09/gabon-names-vice-president-and-new-prime-minister|title=Gabon Names Vice-President and New Prime Minister|date=9 January 2023|accessdate=10 January 2023}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka praịm minista nke Gabon site na Julaị 2020 ruo Jenụwarị 2023, ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ bụ praịm praịm dinara na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-nommee-premier-ministre/|language=fr|title=Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda nommée Premier ministre|date=16 July 2020|accessdate=16 July 2020|work=Gabon Media Time|first=Mondjo|author=Mouega|archivedate=17 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717223822/https://www.gabonmediatime.com/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-nommee-premier-ministre/}}.</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi obodo Libreville ma mesịa bụrụ minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa mba ahụ site na Febụwarị n'afo 2019 wee ruo Julaị 2020. A mụrụ Raponda na ubochi 30 na onwa June n'afo 1963 na Franceville.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leaders-afrique.com/rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda/|title=Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda|work=Leaders Afrique|date=22 September 2015|language=fr|accessdate=16 June 2023|archivedate=22 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922185455/http://www.leaders-afrique.com/rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda/}}</ref> Raponda bụ onye otu Mpongwe.<ref name="visage">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/134860/politique/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-le-nouveau-visage-de-libreville/|language=fr|title=Gabon : Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, le nouveau visage de Libreville|date=21 January 2014|accessdate=14 July 2019|work=Jeune Afrique|first=Georges|author=Dougueli}}</ref> Raponda nwetara akara ugo mmụta na akụ na ụba na ego ọha na eze site na Gabonese Institute of Economy and Finance.<ref name="defense">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/733652/politique/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-de-la-mairie-de-libreville-au-ministere-de-la-defense/|language=fr|title=Gabon : Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, de la mairie de Librevelle au ministère de la Défense|date=12 February 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019|work=Jeune Afrique|first=Romain|author=Gras}}</ref> Raponda rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke akụ na ụba na osote onye isi nchịk nke ụlọ akụ nke Gabon.<ref name="defense"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka minista na-ahụ maka mmefu ego na ego ọha na eze site na onwa Febụwarị n'afo 2012 ruo Jenụwarị na afo 2014.<ref name="defense" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201401271619.html|title=Gabon: Mrs Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda elected Mayor of Libreville|work=All Africa|date=27 January 2014|accessdate=14 July 2019|archivedate=12 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912013100/http://allafrica.com/stories/201401271619.html}}</ref> A họpụtara Raponda ka ọ bụrụ onye isi obodo Libreville na ubochi nke iri abuo na isii na onwa Jenụwarị na afo 2014, na-anọchite anya ndị na-achị Gabonese Democratic Party.<ref name="visage"/> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọkwá ahụ kemgbe 1956 ma jee ozi ruo 2019.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gabon-politics/gabon-appoints-first-woman-prime-minister-amid-government-shakeup-idUSKCN24H2GI|title=Gabon appoints first woman prime minister amid government shakeup|work=Reuters|date=July 16, 2020|accessdate=July 16, 2020}}</ref><ref name="AI">{{Cite web|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/lce/power-brokers/2019/02/13/rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-in-uncharted-territory,108344644-art|title=Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda in uncharted territory|date=13 February 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019|work=Africa Intelligence}}</ref> Ọ ghọkwara onye isi oche nke United Cities na Local Governments Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/06/27/meetings-of-the-statutory-bodies-for-united-cities-and-local-governments-of-africa-uclg-africa-international-conference-african-cities-engines-of-sustainable-development-cairo-hotel-conrad-june-17-20-2019/|work=Africa News|title=Meetings of the Statutory Bodies for United Cities and Local Governments of Africa (UCLG Africa) & International Conference: African Cities: Engines of Sustainable Development – Cairo, Hotel Conrad, June 17-20, 2019|date=27 June 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019|archivedate=14 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714085415/https://www.africanews.com/2019/06/27/meetings-of-the-statutory-bodies-for-united-cities-and-local-governments-of-africa-uclg-africa-international-conference-african-cities-engines-of-sustainable-development-cairo-hotel-conrad-june-17-20-2019//}}</ref> N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2019, onye isi ala Ali Bongo Ondimba họpụtara Raponda ka ọ bụrụ Minista Nchebe nke Gabon mgbe nnupụisi ahụ dara na Jenụwarị n'afọ 2019.<ref name="AI"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanshapers.com/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-nommee-ministre-de-la-defense/|title=Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda nommée ministre de la défense|work=African Shapers|date=30 January 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019|language=fr|first=Patrick|author=Ndungidi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/african-women-surmount-obstacles-redefine-their-countries-militaries|title=African Women Surmount Obstacles to Redefine Their Countries' Militaries|first=Salem|author=Solo,mon|date=24 February 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019|work=VOA News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714085358/https://www.voanews.com/africa/african-women-surmount-obstacles-redefine-their-countries-militaries|archive-date=14 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Raponda nọchiri Etienne Massard Kabinda Makaga, onye so na ezinụlọ Bongo, onye gi dere ọkwa ahụ kemgbe afo 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/01/31/gabon-cabinet-reshuffle-the-morning-call/|work=Africa News|date=31 January 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019|title=Gabon cabinet reshuffle}}</ref> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Julaị na afọ 2020, a họpụtara Raponda dị ka praịm minista nke Gabon, mgbe onye bu ya ụzọ bụ Julien Nkoghe Bekale kwụsịrị.<ref name="Reuters"/> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọnọdụ ahụ. Nhọpụta ya bụ nke anọ Ondimba mere kemgbe nnupụisi ahụ dara.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-16/gabon-names-first-woman-as-prime-minister-in-cabinet-reshuffle|title=Gabon Names First Woman as Prime Minister in Cabinet Reshuffle|work=Bloomberg.com|date=July 16, 2020|accessdate=July 16, 2020|author=Eric Mbog Batassi}}</ref> Nhọpụta ya na-abịa n'oge nsogbu ahụike abụọ na akụ na ụba n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19 na ọdịda nke ọnụahịa mmanụ, otu n'ime isi akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://northafricapost.com/42496-gabon-a-woman-appointed-prime-minister-a-premiere.html|title=Gabon: A woman appointed Prime Minister, a première|work=The North Africa Post|date=17 July 2020|accessdate=17 July 2020}}</ref> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6qc0ss1w01x6c6411ulfh1kxy1hl969 0 28054 728386 115286 2026-09-27T03:20:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728386 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''SleepBot''' bụ elekere mkpu na ihe na-eso ụra dị ka ngwa mkpanaka na ngwa weebụ. Ọ gụnyekwara ihe ngosi "Smart Alarm", atụmatụ ụgwọ ụra, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ụdị mkpanaka na-arụ ọrụ na smartphones na mbadamba Android na iOS; ụdị weebụ na-arụ aiki na kọmputa ọ bụla nke oge a nwere ihe nchọgharị weebụ. Jane Zhu, onye otu mbido dere na mmepe SleepBot kwụsịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Zhu|first=Jane|title=Jane Zhu|url=http://janezhu.com/sleepbot|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827053231/http://janezhu.com/sleepbot|archivedate=2020-08-27|work=[[SleepBot -- Jane Zhu]]}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ mmelite ikpeazụ, SleepBot 1.3 2016 enweputara ios na 2016 ka onwa kwalite 9.3.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SleepBot - Smart Cycle Alarm with Motion & Sound Tracker|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/sleepbot-smart-cycle-alarm/id578829107?mt=8|work=App Store website|publisher=Apple Inc|accessdate=13 July 2016|quote=What's new in version 1.3: Bug fixes for iOS 9.3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623183851/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/sleepbot-smart-cycle-alarm/id578829107?mt=8|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=dead}}.</ref> == Ịdị adị == SleepBot 3.2.8 maka gam akporo adịghịzi na Google Play Store. SleepBot 1.3 maka iOS adịghịzi na Ụlọ Ahịa App. == Ihe ndị e ji mara ya == SleepBot gụnyere ihe abụọ dị mkpa: "atụle ụgwọ ụra" na "ihe mgbaàmà amamihe". * SleepBot na-azọrọ na ọ na-eme atụmatụ ụgwọ ụra ole onye ọrụ ahụ nwere.<ref>Based on: {{Cite news|author=Tsukayama|first=Hayley|title=Sleep-tracking apps: Do they work?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/09/22/sleep-tracking-apps-can-they-really-help-you-rest-easy/|accessdate=13 May 2015|work=The Washington Post|date=23 September 2014}}</ref> * Ngwaọrụ nke oge a na-agba ọsọ gam akporo na iOS nwere igwe okwu na accelerometers. A na-akpachara anya mee ihe ngosi "mara mma" nke SleepBot iji gbalịa ịkpọte onye ọrụ n'oge ụra na-abụghị REM. Nke a anaghị egbochi ụgwọ ụra ma ọ bụ gbochie onye ọrụ ahụ ịnwale mmetụta ọ bụla nke uche na nke anụ ahụ nke ndị na-enweghị ụra na accelerometers. A na-emepụta ihe "mgbaàmà amamihe" nke SleepBot iji gbalịa ịkpọte onye ọrụ n'oge ụra na-abụghị REM. Nke a anaghị egbochi ụgwọ ụra ma ọ bụ gbochie onye ọrụ ahụ ịnata mmetụta ọ bụla nke uche na nke anụ ahụ nke enweghị ụra, mana ọ nwere ike inye aka igbochi ụtụtụ ụfụfụ na ụra. [dubious ], mana ọ pụrụ inye aka igide ụfụ ụfụ na ehihie. [dubous == Nnakwere == Mmeghachi omume zuru oke dị mma. N'ọnwa Mee afọ puku abuo na iri na ise, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma nke ndị na-enyocha Google Play mere mkpesa banyere nnukwu nsogbu ngwanrọ a na-edozighị edozi. === Na gam akporo 6.0 "Marshmallow" na n'elu === Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-enyocha Google Play mere mkpesa banyere nsogbu na smart alarms nke SleepBot na-ada n'oge, na nsogbu na ọrụ snooze nke SleepBut. O yiri ka nsogbu ndị a nwere njikọ na njirimara "Doze" gụnyere na gam akporo 6.0 "Marshmallow" na nsụgharị gam akporo mgbe e mesịrị. Ihe na-eme maka nsogbu mgbaàmà SleepBot bụ ịhapụ SleepBot na ọnọdụ "Doze".<ref>{{Cite web|author=user2788108|title=SleepBot includes a "smart alarm" feature which has been failing on Android 6.x "Marshmallow" due to "Doze" mode. What's the workaround?|url=https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/150852/sleepbot-includes-a-smart-alarm-feature-which-has-been-failing-on-android-6-x|work=Android Enthusiasts Stack Exchange|publisher=Stack Exchange, Inc|accessdate=9 August 2016}}</ref> == SleepBot LLC == Na ọnwa jun afọ puku abuo na iri na otu, Edison Wang na Jane Zhu guzobere SleepBot LLC. Mgbe e mesịrị, Daniel Amitay sonyeere ndị otu ahụ iji rụọ ọrụ na ngwa iOS. SleepBot LLC bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka obere ụgwọ edebanyere aha na Delaware. == Ndị na-asọmpi == * ElectricSleep: ngwanrọ n'efu na nke mepere emepe (Android) * Sleep Cycle Alarm Clock: ngwanrọ azụmahịa (Android, iOS) * [https://sleep.urbandroid.org/ Ihi ụra dị ka gam akporo]: trialware (Android) Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-esoghi na SleepBot bụ ihe "ihe mgbaru ọsọ". Ndị na-asọmpi, gụnyere Ihi ụra dị ka gam akporo na ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe omume, gụnyere atụmatụ "ihe mgbaru ọsọ" nke na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịtọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ ụra. == Hụkwa == * Nnyocha nke Onye # Ọrụ * Ndị na-enyocha ụra onwe onye #Ndị na-ehi ụra == Edensibia == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite news|author=Griffith|first=Erin|title=Meet Sleepbot, the fast-growing sleep tracking app with a over a million users|url=http://pando.com/2013/06/28/meet-sleepbot-the-fast-growing-sleep-tracking-app-with-a-over-a-million-users/|accessdate=14 May 2015|work=PandoDaily|date=28 June 2013}} * {{Cite news|author=Turner|first=Adam|title=Sleep-tracking apps: Sleep Cycle v SleepBot|url=http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/smartphone-apps/sleeptracking-apps-sleep-cycle-v-sleepbot-20140802-zy16k.html|accessdate=14 May 2015|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Fairfax Media|date=3 August 2014}} * {{Cite news|author=Bingham|first=Matt|title=Planet of the Apps|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA332051234&v=2.1&it=r&p=STND&sw=w&asid=da800f4571a2dc12e497ab048c22d1da|accessdate=14 May 2015|work=The Sunday Times|publisher=Times Newspapers Ltd|date=2 June 2013}} == Njikọ mpụga == 384wnktpj244xfwem43ixt0roy32eci 0 28084 728251 444411 2026-09-26T16:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Sleepstalker - The Sandman's Last Rites|director=Turi Meyer|producer={{plainlist| * Luigi Cingolani * [[Brian Patrick O'Toole]] * Al Septien }}|writer={{plainlist| * Al Septien * Turi Meyer }}|starring={{plainlist| * Michael Harris * [[Jay Underwood]] * [[Kathryn Morris]] * [[Michael D. Roberts]] }}|music=[[Jimmy Manzie|Jim Manzie]]|studio={{plainlist| * Osmosis Pictures<ref name=fantasy>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Fantastic Film: Ali Baba to Zombies|last=Young|first=R. G.|publisher=[[Hal Leonard Corporation]]|year=2000|isbn=9781557832696|page=574|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoJ4jTghUPYC&pg=PA574}}</ref> * Prism Entertainment<ref name=fantasy/> }}|distributor=Prism Entertainment|released={{Film date|April 25, 1995}}|runtime=105 minutes|country={{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States }}|language=English|budget=}} Onye na-ehi ura (nke a tọhapụrụ na Philippines dị ka mmuo ojoo no n'ulo) bụ ihe nkiri egwu nke 1995 nke Turi Meyer duziri, nke Al Septien na Meyer dere, nke Michael Harris, Jay Underwood, Kathryn Morris, na Michael D. Roberts. == Atụmatụ == Afọ iri na asaa mgbe e gbusịrị mmadụ niile ma e wezụga otu onye n'ime ezinụlọ, "Sandman" (Michael Harris) na-echere ogbugbu. Tupu e gbuo ya, ndị na-elekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ kwere ka onye ozi (Michael D. Roberts) gaa leta ya. Minista ahụ bụ onye ụkọchukwu voodoo na [[wiktionary:ally|onye ya na]] onye mkpọrọ ahụ jikọrọ aka, nke ndị na-elekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ amaghị. A na-etinye hex na Sandman, nke mere na mgbe ogbugbu ya gwụchara, mkpụrụ obi ya nwere ike ịga n'ahụ ọhụrụ e ji [[Aja|ájá]] mee, mana ndị ikwu ọbara ya niile ga-anwụ. Sandman na-akpa nkata igbu nwa okorobịa aha ya bụ Griffin (Jay Underwood), onye bụ obere nwanne ya nwoke, na mgbakwunye, onye lanarịrị mmegbu nke nna ha. Griffin lanarịrị mgbalị igbu ọchụ ahụ, mana nne na nna nkuchi ya emeghị ya. A na-amụ Sandman ọzọ, mgbe e gburu ya, iji nwee ohere ịnwale ọzọ. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Michael Harris dị ka Sandman ** Giuseppe Andrews dị ka Young Sandman * Jay Underwood dị ka Griffin Davis ** Vincent Barry dị ka Young Griffin Davis * Kathryn Morris dị ka Megan * Michael D. Roberts dị ka Onye nkwusa * William Lucking dị ka onye nchọpụta Bronson Worth * Kathleen McMartin dị ka Dana * A.J. Glassman dị ka Kenny * Peter Vasquez dị ka 'Nkịta' Sanchez * Ken Foree dị ka onye nyocha Rolands * Christopher Boyer dị ka onye nyocha Garcia * Angel Ashley dị ka Cheryl * Lenore Van Camp dị ka Julia * Marc McClure dị ka Maazị Davis, Nna Griffin * Caryn Richman dị ka Mrs. Davis, Nne Griffin * Barry Lynch dị ka Pierson, onye nche ụlọ mkpọrọ * Michael Faella dị ka Nna Sandman * Lillian Hurst dị ka agadi nwanyị == Mmepụta == Nkwekọrịta mba ụwa n'etiti United Kingdom na United States. Nturundu prism malitere tupu mmepụta nke ihe nkiri ahụ na 1994. == Ntọhapụ == A tọhapụrụ onye na-ehi ura kpọmkwem na vidiyo na 1995. Na Philippines, e wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụlọ ihe nkiri dị ka mmuo ojoo no n'ulo na Eprel 27, 1995.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Opens Today!|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19950427&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|accessdate=June 2, 2021|work=[[Manila Standard]]|publisher=Kamahalan Publishing Corp.|date=April 27, 1995|page=22|quote=Jay Underwood * Katherine Morris}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Usoro onyonyo nyere ya kpakpando 2/5 wee dee, "onye na-ehi ura n'otu oge na-egosi ịdị nkọ na nkụda mmụọ nke ''onye'' nduzi ya n'enweghị ike ịgbanwe ihe nkiri ntị nke ezì. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/movies/sleepstalker-the-sandmans-last-rites/review/130602/|title=Sleepstalker: The Sandman's Last Rites|author=<!-- Staff -->|work=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=2016-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331151345/http://www.tvguide.com/movies/sleepstalker-the-sandmans-last-rites/review/130602/|archive-date=2016-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == s0qtaw2x43uru0t4dxmc47l96mqeu9v 0 28159 728316 138929 2026-09-26T20:57:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Razan Naiem Almoghrabi''' (Arabic), nke a na-ahụkwa dị ka '''Razan Naim Moghrabi''', bụ onye edemede na onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na Libya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arabicfiction.org/author/55.html |title=Author profile on IPAF website |accessdate=2023-07-15 |archivedate=2016-03-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204207/http://www.arabicfiction.org/author/55.html }}</ref> == Mmụta == Razan Naiem Almoghrabi gụrụ akwụkwọ ndekọ ego tupu ọ buruzie onye na ede akwụkwọ akụkọ .<ref name="Banipal">Razan Naim Moghrabi, ''Banipal Magazine of Modern Arab Literature'', author page.</ref> == Akụkọ maka Ọrụ ya. == Almoghrabi anọwo na-ebipụta ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Libya kemgbe 1991 ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka magazin ọdịnala a na-akpọ Horizons.<ref>Fatima El Issawi, [http://www.cyberorient.net/article.do?articleId=8865 "Women and Media: Libyan Female Journalists from Gaddafi Media to Post- revolution: Case Study"] ''Cyber-Orient'' 8(1)(2014).</ref> Ọrụ ya bipụtara gụnyere ọtụtụ nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, n'etiti ha In Exile and Horses Devour the Sea (2002), Texts with a Lost Signature (2006), An In-between Man (2010), na Soul for Sale (2010); akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ (Migration to the Tropic of Capricorn na 2004 na Women of Wind na 2010) na otu mpịakọta nke uri.<ref name="Banipal">Razan Naim Moghrabi, ''Banipal Magazine of Modern Arab Literature'', author page.</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Women of Wind (''Nisa al'' rih), nke otu onye Moroccan na-eje ozi na Tripoli na-achọ onye na-ebubata ihe iji hazie njem ya na Europe, edepụtara maka Arabic Booker Prize (International Prize for Arabic Fiction) na 2011. N'afọ 2015, e nyere Almoghrabi onyinye Oxfam Novib / PEN maka mbọ ọ na-agba iwetara ndi ode akwukwọ akụkọ mmeri nakwa ndị nta akụkọ na Libya.<ref>Pen International, [http://www.pen-international.org/newsitems/oxfam-novibpen-awards-2015/ "Oxfam Novib/PEN Awards 2015"].</ref> Almoghrabi haziri nzukọ mbụ nke umunwanyi mere maka inweta ikikere nke ha na afo 2012 ma bịanyekwa aka na ikwupụta idinaotu ụmụ nwanyị nke Syria, na Forum on Women's Rights, Peace and Security na Istanbul.<ref>Statement of Solidarity, Om Kvinna till Kvinna (1 October 2012).</ref> N'afọ 2013 ọ kwuru okwu n'ihu Kọmitii Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ọnọdụ Ụmụ nwanyị banyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Libya. Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị ya n'ihu ọha, gụnyere nhọrọ ya ịghara iyi ákwà mkpuchi, emeela ka ọ bụrụ onye ana atụ aka inwu ọnwụ bịakwa bụrụ onye ana ahuta ka onye na ebute ogbaaghara na Okpụkpere Chi, na afo 2013 na ihu ụlọ ya ka agbara ọtụtụ egbe nke ndị gbara egbe a bu ndi otu soja.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230715151212/https://www.writersunlimited.nl/en/participant/razan-al-maghrabi "Razan al-Maghrabi"], participant profile, Writers Unlimited International Festival Winternachten the Hague.</ref><ref>Lisa Anderson, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170903173141/http://news.trust.org//item/20130307120300-0l2kt?view=print "Women's Rights Under Growing Pressure in Arab World"] ''Thompson Reuters Foundation News'' (7 March 2013).</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120331065432/http://moghrabi.maktoobblog.com/ Blog nke onye edemede (n'asụsụ Arabic)] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7l64uqpseiqxmciux9yf0xywk500p1b 0 28334 728287 115594 2026-09-26T19:05:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Pillowhit.jpg|thumb|Ndị na-eme egwuregwu na ọgụ nke League pillow nwere ike ịkụ aka nke ukwuu iji kpatara mmerụ ahụ.]] Pillow ọgụ Njikọ ('''PFL''') bụ egwuregwu egwuregwu na-arụ ọrụ na Toronto nke na-elekwasị anya na ọgụ pillow ọha na eze. A kwadoro egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ọchị n'ọgbọ ọgụ, dị ka ịkụ ọkpọ ma ọ bụ ịgba mgba. Ọ bụ PFL Commissioner Stacey P. Case, na Honorary PFL Commissionor Craig Daniels guzobere Njikọ ahụ na Febụwarị 2004. Njikọ a malitere izi ndị anyị na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị ogbi na ụlọ mmanya Goth nke Canada a na-akpọ The Vatican na etiti Toronto. A kwadoro ihe omume na Montreal, [[Quebec]] na New York City, mana isi oche nke Njikọ ahụ nọgidere na Toronto, Ontario.<ref name="NYTIMES">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E4D61130F93AA25752C0A9619C8B63 SPARE TIMES JAN,. 19 - JAN. 25; PILLOW FIGHT LEAGUE], [[New York Times]] Jan 2007</ref> Agha n'ime Njikọ ahụ gosipụtara ma ọ bụ ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, nke ikpeazụ a na-akpọ mmebi atọ, na usoro iwu.<ref name="ESPN">[http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=janowitz/070123 Fight like a girl by Neil Janowitz], January 2007</ref> Ndị na-alụ ọgụ na-enwekarị ọkpụkpụ, ihe mkpofu na mmerụ ahụ. E nwekwara mmerụ ahụ siri ike karị, gụnyere mgbagwoju anya, anya ojii, ezé furu efu, egbugbere ọnụ gbawara agbawa, uru ahụ dọwara agbawa na akụrụ merụrụ ahụ.<ref name="ESPN" /> Njikọ ahụ sitere na ihe omume abụọ dị ndụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si n'òtù burlesque nke Canada "Skin Tight Outta Sight" mere na arụmọrụ nke Maazị Case (nke akpọrọ aha bibles tijuana) na New Year's Eve 2004 na 2005. Nke ikpeazụ gosipụtara ihe atụ mbụ nke nnwale ndụ maka ndị na-ege ntị. Ihe mere n'oge ochie nakwa n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị nke kasị mma maka nsogbụ ụra akpa dị ka onye omume ndị sochiri na 2006 na Vatican malitere usoro ihe omume ọhụrụ nke Njikọ kwadoro nke lekwasịrị anya na ọgụ ịlụ ọgụ. Onye nwere ike ịkpata ego maka ndị guzobere ya, Njikọ ahụ hụrụ ikike telivishọn na 2007 site n'aka ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri telivisheneng na Eddie October (onye na-emepụta ''Tommy Lee'' Goes to College na The Roseanne Show) na Al Berman (''onye'' na'emepụta The Biggest Loser and Survivor).<ref>[http://www.tvsquad.com/2007/04/04/producers-nab-rights-to-pillow-fight-league/ Producers nab rights to Pillow Fight League by Adam Finley], [[TVSquad]] Apr 2007</ref><ref name="Variety">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070918055144/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117962467.html?categoryid=14&cs=1 Pair launch Pillow Fight League by Josef Adalian] ''[[Variety (magazine)]]'', April 2007</ref> == Hụkwa == == Ntụaka == <references /> hoiak5pa6ufdeb25r1t9ego6slt0xb7 0 28573 728466 725331 2026-09-27T11:31:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Usòrò:Wendy Addo.jpg|thumb|Wendy Addi.jpg]] '''Wendy Asiamah Addo''' (amụrụ na 20 Febụwarị 1996), nke a maara site na aha egwu '''Wendy Shay''', bụ onye na-agụ egwu Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://profileability.com/tag/wendy-shay-biography/|title=ProfileAbility – Tag: Wendy Shay biography|work=ProfileAbility|language=en-GB|accessdate=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="muzikhyte">{{Cite web|url=https://www.muzikhyte.com/entertainment/wendy-shay-biography-net-worth/|work=Muzikhyte.com|date=14 October 2018|title=Wendy Shay Biography & Net Worth|accessdate=15 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328192459/https://www.muzikhyte.com/entertainment/wendy-shay-biography-net-worth/}}</ref><ref name="afrikalyrics">{{Cite web|url=https://afrikalyrics.com/en/artist/wendy-shay|title=WENDY SHAY|work=Afrikalyrics.com|accessdate=15 November 2018|archivedate=24 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724030644/https://afrikalyrics.com/en/artist/wendy-shay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/September-13th/i-was-not-allowed-to-prove-myself-wendy-shay.php|title=I was not allowed to prove myself – Wendy Shay. His boyfriend is|work=myjoyonline.com|accessdate=20 January 2020|archivedate=13 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913212750/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/September-13th/i-was-not-allowed-to-prove-myself-wendy-shay.php}}</ref> Na Machị 2021, ọ nọ n'etiti Top 30 Most Influential Women in Music site na 3Music Awards Women's Brunch.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amaarae, Cina Soul, Gyakie, Adina, Theresa Ayoade, others named in 3Music Awards' Top 30 Women in Music list - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/amaarae-cina-soul-gyakie-adina-theresa-ayoade-others-named-in-3music-awards-top-30-women-in-music-list/|accessdate=24 March 2021|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmalite ya == A mụrụ Wendy Shay na 20 Febụwarị 1996 na Accra, mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Greater Accra Region nke [[Ghana]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://profileability.com/wendy-shay/|title=Wendy Shay {{!}} ProfileAbility|work=profileability.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Mutuku">{{Cite web|author=Mutuku|first=Ryan|date=3 November 2020|title=Wendy Shay biography: real name, early life, family, hometown, net worth|url=https://yen.com.gh/113709-who-wendy-shay.html|accessdate=25 March 2021|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ya na ụmụnne ya atọ kwagara Stuttgart, Germany. Ịhụnanya Wendy nwere maka egwu toro mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. Ọ gara Morning Star School na St Martin de Porres<ref name="auto"/><ref name="vibelens.com">{{Cite web|url=https://vibelens.com/about-wendy-shay-biography/|title=7 Things You Didn’t Know About Wendy Shay Biography|work=vibelens.com|accessdate=12 November 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045650/https://vibelens.com/about-wendy-shay-biography/}}</ref> na Accra tupu ọ kwaga Stuttgart ebe ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya site na klaasị 7 (JHS 1).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/wendy-shay-reveals-the-origin-of-her-name/|title=Wendy Shay Reveals The Origin Of Her Name|date=2 July 2018|work=Ghgossip.com|accessdate=8 October 2018|language=en-AU|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202234954/https://www.ghgossip.com/wendy-shay-reveals-the-origin-of-her-name/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gakwara ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na Bernhausen na [[Jémanị|Germany]].<ref name="Mutuku"/> == Ọrụ == Wendy Shay bụ onye nọọsụ a zụrụ azụ site na ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-amụ nwa n'ọhịa ahụike. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-amụ nwa ruo mgbe ọ kwagara Ghana iji chụsoo nrọ egwu ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lamptey|first=Edwin|date=15 February 2021|title=Wendy Shay set to drop music career and go back to nursing due to COVID-19|url=https://yen.com.gh/182445-wendy-shay-set-drop-music-career-nursing-due-covid-19.html|accessdate=25 March 2021|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2018|title=From A Nurse To A Music Star; The Wendy Shay Story|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/from-a-nurse-to-a-music-star-the-wendy-shay-story/|accessdate=25 March 2021|work=GhGossip|language=en-AU|archivedate=2 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002214926/https://www.ghgossip.com/from-a-nurse-to-a-music-star-the-wendy-shay-story/}}</ref> Ọ bụ Rufftown Records Manager Bullet mere ka ọ mara egwu ma bịanye aka na Jenụwarị 2018 mgbe ọnwụ mberede nke onye ibe ya Ebony Reigns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/113452-latest-wendy-shay-songs-2018.html#113452|title=Latest Wendy Shay songs in 2018|work=yen.com.gh|accessdate=12 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/January-30th/bullet-explains-why-wendy-shay-ebonys-songs-are-alike.php|title=Bullet explains why Wendy Shay, Ebony's songs are alike|work=myjoyonline.com|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=5 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905163349/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/january-30th/bullet-explains-why-wendy-shay-ebonys-songs-are-alike.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ebony-is-a-legend-Wendy-Shay-721011|title=Ebony is a legend – Wendy Shay|work=ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=23 March 2019}}</ref> Na 1 June 2018, Wendy Shay wepụtara egwu izizi ya "Uber Driver", nke [[M.O.G Beatz|MOG Beatz]] mepụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/50377/music-wendy-shay-uber-driver-prod-by-mog-beatz.html|title=Music: Wendy Shay – Uber Driver (Prod. by MOG Beatz)|accessdate=12 November 2018}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ abụ ahụ na vidiyo gọọmentị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbRxYrTyqfg|title=Wendy Shay – Uber Driver (Official Video)|accessdate=12 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://yen.com.gh/113709-who-wendy-shay.html#113709|title=Who is Wendy Shay?|author=Gracia|first=Zindzy|work=Yen.com.gh – Ghana news.|accessdate=8 October 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/here-comes-wendy-shay.html|title=Here comes Wendy Shay|author=Owusu-Amoah|first=Gifty|work=Graphic Online|accessdate=8 October 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e jidere Wendy Shay dị ka ''Ahenemba Hemaa'' nke Gomoa Afransi na Central Region (Ghana) na aha oche Queen Ewurabena Ofosuhemaa Shay 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonlinegh.com/shaykingdom-wendy-shay-enstooled-as-queen-mother-of-gomoa-afranse/|title=Wendy Shay Enstooled As Queen Mother Of Gomoa Afranse|date=2 December 2019|work=EOnlineGH.Com|language=en-US|accessdate=5 February 2020|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203010534/https://eonlinegh.com/shaykingdom-wendy-shay-enstooled-as-queen-mother-of-gomoa-afranse/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/wendy-shay-is-officially-a-queen-heres-her-stool-name/x8cqcqh|title=Wendy Shay is officially a Queen – here’s her stool name|date=3 December 2019|work=Entertainment|language=en-US|accessdate=20 January 2020}}</ref> == Onye nnọchi anya akara == Wendy Shay bụ onye nnọchi anya akara maka Youth Employment Agency (YEA) na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201907/386482.php|title=Wendy Shay Remains Our Ambassador – YEA|author=Online|first=Peace FM|work=peacefmonline.com|accessdate=20 January 2020|archivedate=10 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710185150/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201907/386482.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2021|title=3Music Awards organisers name Top 30 Women in Music|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/03/3music-awards-organisers-name-top-30-women-in-music/|accessdate=24 March 2021|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2019|title=Wendy Shay sacked as YEA Ambassador|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Wendy-Shay-sacked-as-YEA-Ambassador-761482|accessdate=25 March 2021|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> E nwere esemokwu banyere ịchụpụ Wendy dị ka onye nnọchi anya akara maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọrụ Ọrụ Ndị Ntorobịa (YEA) mana e mechara kwado na ọ ka bụ onye nnọchianya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Wendy Shay Still Our Ambassador - YEA|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201907/386476.php|accessdate=25 March 2021|work=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203004955/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201907/386476.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wendy Shay dropped as ‘Youth Employment Agency’ ambassador – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/wendy-shay-dropped-as-youth-employment-agency-ambassador/|accessdate=25 March 2021|language=en-US|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203004957/https://www.glitzafrica.com/wendy-shay-dropped-as-youth-employment-agency-ambassador/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2019|title=YEA: Wendy Shay still our ambassador|url=https://www.abcnewsgh.com/yea-wendy-shay-still-our-ambassador/|accessdate=25 March 2021|work=ABC News Ghana|language=en-US|archivedate=9 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809145716/https://www.abcnewsgh.com/yea-wendy-shay-still-our-ambassador/}}</ref> == Egwuregwu == Wendy Shay emeela n'ọtụtụ ihe omume gụnyere Miss Ghana 2018 Finals, RTP Awards Africa 2018, BF Suma Ghana Connect 18 concert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/events/wendy-shay-performs-at-bf-suma-ghana-connect-18-concert-id9042577.html|title=Watch Wendy Shay's stunning performance at BF Suma Ghana Connect 18 concert|work=Pulse.com.gh|accessdate=12 November 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045652/https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/events/wendy-shay-performs-at-bf-suma-ghana-connect-18-concert-id9042577.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailyguideafrica.com/wendy-shay-joins-artistes-for-miss-ghana-2018/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927141209/http://dailyguideafrica.com/wendy-shay-joins-artistes-for-miss-ghana-2018/|archivedate=27 September 2018|title=Wendy Shay Joins Artistes For Miss Ghana 2018|work=Dailyguideafrica.com|accessdate=12 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201809/364096.php|title=Ambolley, Wendy Shay, Others To Perform At Miss Ghana 2018 Finals|work=Peacefmonline.com|accessdate=12 November 2018|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203034933/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201809/364096.php}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba 2019, ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Ghana's Afronation Music Festival. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museafrica.com/burna-boy-a-day-1-review-from-yaw-boadu-ayeboafoh/|title=Burna Boy & Stonebwoy steal show at Afro Nation Ghana; A day 1 review from Yaw Boadu-Ayeboafoh – Muse Africa|author=Yaw|first=Nana|date=2 December 2019|work=museafrica.com/|language=en-US|accessdate=20 January 2020}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii kwụsịrị arụmọrụ ya na Belgium na Ghana Culture Festival 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 October 2022|title=Police halt Wendy Shay’s show in Belgium|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Police-halt-Wendy-Shay-s-show-in-Belgium-1635824|accessdate=6 October 2022|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=6 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006124541/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Police-halt-Wendy-Shay-s-show-in-Belgium-1635824}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta == === Ndị na-alụbeghị di === * "Uber Driver"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghxclusives.com/wendy-shay-uber-driver-prod-by-mog-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – Uber Driver (Prod. By MOG Beatz)|date=3 June 2018|work=GhXclusives.Com|language=en-GB|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=23 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323222315/https://www.ghxclusives.com/wendy-shay-uber-driver-prod-by-mog-beatz/}}</ref> * "Bedroom Commando"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghxclusives.com/wendy-shay-bedroom-commando-prod-by-mog/|title=Wendy Shay – Bedroom Commando (Prod By MOG)|date=1 July 2018|work=GhXclusives.Com|language=en-GB|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=23 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323222408/https://www.ghxclusives.com/wendy-shay-bedroom-commando-prod-by-mog/}}</ref> * "Astalavist"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-astalavista-prod-by-mog-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – Astalavista (Prod. by MOG Beatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=7 September 2018|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203011409/https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-astalavista-prod-by-mog-beatz/}}</ref> * "Abụ Ọma 35" (<small>nke</small> <small>Kuami Eugene</small>, <small>[[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]]</small> gosipụtara)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plugtimes.com/2018/10/music-download-wendy-shay-psalm-35-sarkodie-kuami-eugene/|title=MUSIC DOWNLOAD: Wendy Shay – Psalm 35 ft Sarkodie, Kuami Eugene|date=6 October 2018|work=PlugTimes.Com|language=en-GB|accessdate=19 February 2019|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203011407/https://plugtimes.com/2018/10/music-download-wendy-shay-psalm-35-sarkodie-kuami-eugene/}}</ref> * "The Boy Is Mine" (<small>nke</small> <small>[[Eno Barony]]</small> gosipụtara)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-the-boy-is-mine-ft-eno-barony-prod-by-mog-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – The Boy Is Mine ft. ENo Barony (Prod. by MOG Beatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=1 October 2018|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203011406/https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-the-boy-is-mine-ft-eno-barony-prod-by-mog-beatz/}}</ref> * "Masakra" (nke Ray James gosipụtara)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghxclusives.com/wendy-shay-masakra-feat-ray-james-prod-by-danny-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – Masakra (Feat Ray James) (Prod by Danny Beatz)|date=2 November 2018|work=GhXclusives.Com|language=en-GB|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=23 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323222315/https://www.ghxclusives.com/wendy-shay-masakra-feat-ray-james-prod-by-danny-beatz/}}</ref> * "Ihe niile Maka Gị"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-all-for-you-prod-by-mog-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – All For You (Prod. by Mog Beatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=2 January 2019|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203011409/https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-all-for-you-prod-by-mog-beatz/}}</ref> * "Shay On You" [ihe odide dị mkpa] * Stevie Wonder feat [[Shatta Wale]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tooxclusive.com/west/download-mp3/wendy-shay-stevie-wonder-ft-shatta-wale/|title=Wendy Shay – "Stevie Wonder" ft. Shatta Wale Gh Music {{!}} MP3|date=6 May 2019|work=Gh Music|language=en-US|accessdate=20 January 2020|archivedate=9 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809145728/https://tooxclusive.com/west/download-mp3/wendy-shay-stevie-wonder-ft-shatta-wale/}}</ref> * Ihe Nile Maka Gị<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-all-for-you-prod-by-mog-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – All For You (Prod. by Mog Beatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=2 January 2019|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=20 January 2020|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203011409/https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-all-for-you-prod-by-mog-beatz/}}</ref> * Kut Ọ bụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jbklutse.com/wendy-shay-kut-it-mp3-official-video/|title=Wendy Shay – Kut It – Mp3, Official video and more|author=Music|first=JBKlutse|work=JBKlutse|language=en-GB|accessdate=20 January 2020}}</ref> * CTD<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-c-t-d-prod-by-kasapa-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – C. T. D (Prod. By Kasapa Beatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=2 November 2019|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=20 January 2020|archivedate=26 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226195439/https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-c-t-d-prod-by-kasapa-beatz/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonlinegh.com/yen-tie-obiaa-wendy-shay-features-mmebusem-video-watch/|title=Wendy Shay Features Mmebusem In New C.T.D Video|date=2 November 2019|work=EOnlineGH.Com|language=en-US|accessdate=5 February 2020|archivedate=5 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205230813/https://www.eonlinegh.com/yen-tie-obiaa-wendy-shay-features-mmebusem-video-watch/}}</ref> * Tuff Skin Girl<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-tuff-skin-girl-prod-by-mog-beatz/|title=Wendy Shay – Tuff Skin Girl (Prod By Mog Beatz)|author=NytMare|first=Blogger's|date=1 January 2020|work=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US|accessdate=20 January 2020|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203011407/https://www.ghanamotion.com/wendy-shay-tuff-skin-girl-prod-by-mog-beatz/}}</ref> * Katiana (feat [[Razben]]) * Okpomọkụ * Onye lanarịrị * Eluigwe === Album === * Shay On You<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Wendy-Shay-launches-Shay-on-You-album-710509|title=Wendy Shay launches ‘Shay on You’ album|work=ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=23 March 2019}}</ref> * Shayning Star<ref>{{Cite web|author=Naomi|first=Sefa|date=28 May 2021|title=Wendy Shay – Shayning Star (Full Album) {{!}} Zip File Download|url=https://ghcountdown.net/wendy-shay-shayning-star-full-album/|accessdate=9 August 2021|work=GhCountdown.Net|language=en-US|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203011406/https://ghcountdown.net/wendy-shay-shayning-star-full-album/}}</ref> == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Ihe omume !Ihe nrite !Onye e nyere ya !Nsonaazụ !Nkwupụta |- | rowspan="8" |2018 |Onyinye Ghana-Naija Showbiz |Onye na-ese ihe ọhụrụ kachasị mma n'afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yfmghana.com/2018/09/18/full-list-kwesi-arthur-wendy-shay-wiyaala-others-nominated-for-ghana-naija-showbiz-awards-2018/|title=Full List: Kwesi Arthur, Wendy Shay, Wiyaala others nominated for Ghana-Naija Showbiz Awards 2018|author=Abdullai|first=Isshak|work=Yfmghana.com|accessdate=6 December 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207150026/https://www.yfmghana.com/2018/09/18/full-list-kwesi-arthur-wendy-shay-wiyaala-others-nominated-for-ghana-naija-showbiz-awards-2018/}}</ref> |- |Ghana Music Awards SA |Onye Ọhụrụ Na-ese Ihe nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Wendy-Shay-wins-New-Artiste-of-the-Year-at-Ghana-Music-Awards-SA-698576|title=Wendy Shay wins New Artiste of the Year at Ghana Music Awards SA – Entertainment 2018-11-07|work=Ghanaweb.com|accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |Onyinye "Bangerz of the Quarter" nke MuseAfrica |Afrobeats Onye na-ese ihe nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://museafrica.com/kuami-eugene-king-promise-medikalwendy-shay-lead-nominations-at-museafricas-bangerz-of-the-quarter-awards/|title=Kuami Eugene, King Promise, Medikal, Wendy Shay lead nominations at MuseAfrica’s "Bangerz of the Quarter" Awards|author=NYB|date=29 August 2018|work=Museafrica.com|accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> |- |Afrobeats Abụ nke Quarter |Onye ọkwọ ụgbọala Uber |{{Nom}} |<ref name="auto1" /> |- |Abụ nke Quarter |Onye ọkwọ ụgbọala Uber |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kasapafmonline.com/2018/09/museafrica-releases-voting-results-for-bangerz-of-the-quarter-accolades/|title=MuseAfrica releases voting results for Bangerz of the Quarter Accolades {{!}} Kasapa102.5FM|author=Acquah|first=Edward|work=kasapafmonline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=3 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203015103/https://kasapafmonline.com/2018/09/museafrica-releases-voting-results-for-bangerz-of-the-quarter-accolades/}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |Ihe nrite Egwú Ọwụwa Anyanwụ |Nwanyị Na-agụ Egwú nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ghanas-eastern-music-awards-2018-full-list-nominees|title=Ghana's Eastern Music Awards 2018: Full list of nominees|date=2 November 2018|work=Musicinafrica.net|accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> |- |Onye na-ese ihe nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name=":0" /> |- |Vidio Egwú nke Afọ |Onye ọkwọ ụgbọala Uber |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nkpromogh.com/eastern-music-awards-2018-full-list-of-award-winners/|title=Eastern Music Awards 2018; Full List of Award Winners|date=9 December 2018|work=NK PROMO GH|language=en-US|accessdate=23 March 2019|archivedate=23 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323230205/https://nkpromogh.com/eastern-music-awards-2018-full-list-of-award-winners/}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |Ihe nrite 3Music |Omume Ọganihu nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/March-31st/live-winners-at-2019-edition-of-the-3music-awards.php|title=Winners at 2019 edition of the 3Music Awards|work=myjoyonline.com|accessdate=8 April 2019|archivedate=2 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502101346/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/March-31st/live-winners-at-2019-edition-of-the-3music-awards.php}}</ref> |- |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |Nchọpụta nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2019-VGMAs-Full-list-of-winners-747499|title=2019 VGMAs: Full list of winners|work=ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=19 May 2019}}</ref> |- |Ghana Music Awards UK |Onye Ọhụrụ Na-ese Ihe nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ghana-music-awards-uk-2019-all-winners|title=Ghana Music Awards UK 2019: All the winners|date=7 October 2019|work=Music in Africa|language=en|accessdate=20 January 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2021 | rowspan="2" |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |Afro-beats/Afro-pop Abụ nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name="ghanamusic_2021-04-03">{{Cite web|date=3 April 2021|title=List of nominees for VGMA 2021|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/lists/2021/04/03/in-full-nominees-for-2021-vgma/|accessdate=27 June 2021|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Afro-beat/Afro-pop Artiste nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |<ref name="ghanamusic_2021-04-03" /> |- | rowspan="4" |2022 | rowspan="4" |Ihe nrite 3Music |Nwaanyị nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kotey|first=Nii|date=27 March 2022|title=3Music News: 3Music Awards '22: Here are all the winners|url=https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|accessdate=13 April 2022|work=3Music TV|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032059/https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|archive-date=1 April 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Abụ nke Afọ |Okpomọkụ |{{Nom}} |- |Afrobeats/AfroPop Act of the Year |Ya onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- |Abụ Hip-Hop nke Afọ |Okpomọkụ |{{Nom}} |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] szyeea323z5uccnta19ie1aeb92a1ez 0 28716 728465 201252 2026-09-27T11:28:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728465 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:Wei Min Hao 2018.jpg|thumb|Wei Min Hao 2018.jpg]] '''Wei-Min Hao''' (Chinese; amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 7 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1953) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ikuku, onye Taiwanese-American na-ahụ Maka ihu igwe, ma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States. Ọrụ ya nyere aka kpọmkwem na ihe kpatara inye onyinye Nobel Peace Prize nke afọ 2007.<ref>[http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/ El Premio Nobel De La Paz 2007]</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu United States Agency for International Development (USAID) na onye edemede nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). == Akụkọ ndụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Taipei Municipal Jianguo High School, Hao gụrụ kemịkalụ na Fu Jen Catholic University (BS degree), nwetara nzere masta na Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), na PhD na Atmospheric Chemistry na Mahadum Harvard.<ref name="hao">{{Cite web|title=Hao, Wei Min. Supervisory Research Chemist|url=https://www.firelab.org/profile/hao-wei-min|publisher=FireLab|language=en|date=October 2014|accessdate=4 October 2016|archivedate=5 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005104659/https://www.firelab.org/profile/hao-wei-min}}</ref> N'afọ 1991, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo na Ọrụ Ọhịa nke US n'obodo Missoula.<ref name="Nobel">{{Cite news|url=http://news.sohu.com/20071210/n253913741.shtml|title=旅美华裔科学家郝慰民将获诺贝尔和平奖 (El científico estadounidense de origen chino Hao Weimin recibirá el Premio Nobel de la Paz)|author=搜孤新聞|date=10 December 2007|accessdate=4 April 2008}}</ref> N'afọ 1994, ọ ghọrọ onye edemede nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).<ref name="Nobel" /> N'otu afọ ahụ, IPCC bipụtara ''akụkọ mgbanwe ihu igwe'' mbụ. Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka Nlekọta ihu igwe nke Rocky Mountain.<ref name="Nobel"/> Ruo n'afọ 2014, ọ bụ onye edemede ma ọ bụ onye na-ede ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 70 na magazin ndị pụrụ iche. Akwụkwọ ya na-ezo aka n'ọtụtụ ebe na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na mahadum gburugburu ụwa.<ref name="hao"/> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211209045026/https://www.fs.usda.gov/rmrs/people/whao Wei Min M. Hao na-aga n'ihu na Rocky Mountain Research Station] * [https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2148374544_Wei-Min_Hao Ọrụ nyocha nke Wei-Min Hao] * [http://www.fju.edu.tw/focusDetail.jsp?focusID=1336&focusClassID=4 Fu Jen Catholic University: Ya na onye bụbu osote onye isi ala America bụ高爾 nwetakwara ihe nrite udo nke Nobeel 傑出校友慰民博士返校] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkw4F-NJd3I Hao na-ekwu maka 2007 Nobel Peace Prize] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1oeu1u4jwbb6a3nx67ldksrg5rkol3e 0 28878 728220 691961 2026-09-26T14:01:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728220 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" |Earth Hour |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:EH_Logo_stacked_RGB.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Observed&nbsp;by | class="infobox-data" |World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Type | class="infobox-data" |International, Movement, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Celebrations | class="infobox-data" |Lights candle with fire, lights off |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Begins | class="infobox-data" |8:30 pm |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ends | class="infobox-data" |9:30 pm |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Date | class="infobox-data" |Last Saturday of March (or the penultimate Saturday of March if the last Saturday coincides with [[Holy Saturday]]) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |2022&nbsp;date | class="infobox-data" |March 26 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |2023&nbsp;date | class="infobox-data" |March 25 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |2024&nbsp;date | class="infobox-data" |March 23 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |2025&nbsp;date | class="infobox-data" |March 29 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Frequency | class="infobox-data" |Annual |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Related&nbsp;to | class="infobox-data" |Climate change and to save Earth |} [[Category:Infobox holiday with missing field]] [[Category:Infobox holiday (other)]] '''Oge Ụwa''' bụ òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ nke World Wildlife Fund (WWF) haziri. A na-eme ihe omume ahụ kwa afọ, na-agba ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, obodo, na azụmaahịa ume ka ha gbanyụọ ọkụ eletrik ndị na-adịghị mkpa, maka otu awa site na 8:30 wee ruo 9:30 nke mgbede, na-abụkarị na Satọdee ikpeazụ nke ọnwa Machị, dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke mkpebi nye ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.earthhour.org/about-us|title=About Us|publisher=Earth Hour|accessdate=March 31, 2014}}</ref> A malitere ya dị ka ihe omume ọkụ na Sydney, Australia, na afọ 2007. Site n'oge ruo n'oge, n'afọ ndị Satọdee Nsọ dara na Satọdee ikpeazụ nke Machị (dị ka na afọ 2024), a na-eme Oge Ụwa otu izu tupu mgbe ahụ. N'afọ 2004, mgbe ha zutere nchọpụta sayensị, WWF Australia zutere ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Leo Burnett Sydney iji "kparịta ụka maka itinye ndị Australia na nsogbu mgbanwe ihu igwe".<ref name="earthhour1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.earthhour.org/page/media-centre/earth-hour-history|title=history|publisher=Earth Hour|accessdate=March 31, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327103047/http://www.earthhour.org/page/media-centre/earth-hour-history|archivedate=March 27, 2012}}</ref> E chepụtara echiche nke nnukwu mgbanyụ ọkụ ma mepụta ya na afọ 2006, na mbụ n'okpuru aha ọrụ "The Big Flick". WWF Australia gosipụtara echiche ha na Fairfax Media bụ ndị, tinyere Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore, kwetara ịkwado ihe omume ahụ.<ref name="earthhour1" /> E mere 2007 Earth Hour na ọnwa Machị ụbọchị nke iri atọ na otu na ọbọdọ Sydney, Australia na 7:30 pm, oge mpaghara. N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2007, San Francisco mere mmemme nke ya "Lights Out" nke sitere na Sydney Earth Hour.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/sep/19/local/me-lightsout19|title=Hour leg of darkness|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=September 19, 2007|author=John M. Glionna}}</ref> Mgbe ihe omume ha gara nke ọma n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ndị na-ahazi ya kpebiri ịbịakọta n'azụ Oge Ụwa a na-eme atụmatụ maka ọnwa Machị nke afọ 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lightsoutsf.org/2007/10/24/moving-forward/|title=Moving forward &#124; Lights Out San Francisco|publisher=Lightsoutsf.org|date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=September 30, 2013|archivedate=September 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922050109/http://lightsoutsf.org/2007/10/24/moving-forward/}}</ref> E mere Earth Hour na afọ 2008 na mba ụwa na ọnwa Machị ụbọchị iri abụo na iteghete, na afọ 2008 site na elekere asatọ nke ehihie ruo elekere itoolu nke ehihie n'oge mpaghara, na-eme ncheta ncheta mbụ nke ihe omume ahụ. Mba iri atọ na ịse gburugburu ụwa sonyere dị ka obodo ndị isi na ihe karịrị obodo 400 kwadoro. Ihe ịrịba ama gburugburu ụwa gbanyụrụ ọkụ ha na-adịghị mkpa maka Oge Ụwa. Ụfọdụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ sonyere na ihe omume ahụ, ebe webụsaịtị [[Google]] na-aga "ọchịchịrị" n'ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=World Cities Shut Lights for Earth Hour 2008|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/03/29/world-cities-shut-lights-for-earth-hour-2008/|accessdate=February 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302101303/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/03/29/world-cities-shut-lights-for-earth-hour-2008/|archive-date=March 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> pzhfr9tpxpddh86m298myw2p5h5rgtk 0 28944 728209 623389 2026-09-26T13:14:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728209 wikitext text/x-wiki Nọọsụ ihe ọkụkụ bụ subtype nke '''nọọsụ''' osisi, na-eme ka uto nke ụdị osisi ndị ọzọ dị mfe. A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe karịsịa n'ọrụ ugbo, kamakwa n'ọhịa. Ihe ọkụkụ mkpuchi bụ ụdị ihe ọkụkụ na-enye nwa ara. == Ọrụ ugbo == [[Usòrò:Nurse_crop,_alfalfa_under_oats.jpg|thumb|Oats dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-enye nwa ara maka alfalfa]] N'ọrụ ugbo, ihe ọkụkụ nọọsụ bụ ihe ọkụkụ a na-eji eme ihe kwa afọ iji nyere aka guzobe ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide.<ref name=":1" .>{{Cite web|title=Nurse Cropping|url=http://www.thedailygarden.us/2/post/2019/09/nurse-cropping.html|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=The Daily Garden|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.thedailygarden.us/2/post/2019/09/nurse-cropping.html "Nurse Cropping"]. ''The Daily Garden''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ojiji kachasị nke ihe ọkụkụ na-enye nwa ara bụ na ịmepụta ahịhịa legumaceous dị ka alfalfa, clover, na trefoil.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=University-Extension|first=Jim Isleib Crop-Production Educator Michigan State|title=Nurse crop needs careful thought|url=https://www.agupdate.com/agriview/news/crop/nurse-crop-needs-careful-thought/article_093f3cc9-3a89-5e65-9e54-39a0895f48cc.html|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=AgUpdate|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003154510/https://www.agupdate.com/agriview/news/crop/nurse-crop-needs-careful-thought/article_093f3cc9-3a89-5e65-9e54-39a0895f48cc.html|archive-date=2022-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji ihe ọkụkụ na-enye nwa ara eme maka ịmepụta ahịhịa na-adịgide adịgide. Ihe ọkụkụ na-ebelata ihe ọkụkụ, gbochie mbuze, ma gbochie ìhè anyanwụ gabigara ókè iru mkpụrụ osisi dị nro. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ewe ihe ọkụkụ maka ọka, ahịhịa, hay, ma ọ bụ ahịhịhịa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Nurse Cropping|url=http://www.thedailygarden.us/2/post/2019/09/nurse-cropping.html|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=The Daily Garden|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.thedailygarden.us/2/post/2019/09/nurse-cropping.html "Nurse Cropping"]. ''The Daily Garden''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> Oats bụ ihe ọkụkụ a na-ahụkarị, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikwa mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ a na-akụ kwa afọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Seed|first=Bamert|date=2021-07-29|title=Nurse Crops {{!}} Protecting Plants as They Establish in Reclamation Projects|url=https://bamertseed.com/nurse-crops/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Bamert Seed|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeed2021">Seed, Bamert (2021-07-29). [https://bamertseed.com/nurse-crops/ "Nurse Crops | Protecting Plants as They Establish in Reclamation Projects"]. ''Bamert Seed''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> Nọọsụ na-akụ osisi ndị dị ogologo ma ọ bụ ndị nwere okpokoro nwere ike ichebe ụdị ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike site na ndò ma ọ bụ site n'inye ikuku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Shepperd|first=Wayne D.|date=1985|chapter=Nurse crop|editor=DeByle|title=Ecology and Management in the Western United States|url=http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/27793|series=USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-119|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|publisher=Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station|pages=181–184|language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFShepperdJones1985">Shepperd, Wayne D.; Jones, John R. (1985). "Nurse crop". In DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P. (eds.). [http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/27793 ''Ecology and Management in the Western United States'']. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-119. Vol.&nbsp;119. Fort Collins, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. pp.&nbsp;181–184.</cite></ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a naghị elekọta ya nke ọma, ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-elekọta ya nwere ike igbochi ìhè anyanwụ iru mkpụrụ osisi.<ref name=":2" /> Ihe ọkụkụ na-egbochi ụmụ ahụhụ imetụta osisi a chọrọ.<ref name=":1" /> == Ọhịa ==   N'ọhịa, enwere ike itinye 'ihe ọkụkụ nọọsụ' n'osisi ma ọ bụ obere osisi ndị na-enyere aka na mmepe nke ụdị osisi ndị ọzọ. Ifufe, nchebe oyi, okpomọkụ, na ndò nwere ike inye site na ihe ọkụkụ n'ime ọhịa.<ref name=":0" /> Aspens karịsịa na-enye ndò, na-enye ohere uto nke ala.<ref name=":0" /> == Hụkwa == * Ịkụ ihe ibe * Ịkụ ọtụtụ ihe == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} dj8srskxukxxmy39jhzjybtnbmautg7 0 28963 728371 723628 2026-09-27T01:37:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728371 wikitext text/x-wiki    The Science for Nature and People Partnership ('''SNAPP''') bụ atụmatụ nke na-ezube ịmepụta ụdị ngwa ngwa nke ga-akwado akụkụ ọzọ nke nchekwa okike na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, nke afọ ofufo na nke onwe gburugburu ụwa iji gbanwee mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ na okike.<ref name="auto" /> Onye isi nchịkwa SNAPP bụ onye sayensị nchedo Jensen Reitz Montambault.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/who-we-are/our-people/jensen-montambault/|title=Jensen Reitz Montambault bio|publisher=TNC}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere SNAPP dị ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) na National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) na Mahadum [[California]], Santa Barbara. A malitere ya na Clinton Global Initiative na 2013 na nzaghachi maka ihe ịma aka zuru ụwa ọnụ gụnyere mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmepe akụ na ụba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nature.org/newsfeatures/pressreleases/science-for-nature-and-people-snap-created.xml|title=SNAP: Created to Answer the Question: How can protecting nature help ensure food, energy, water, and security for 9 billion or more people?|publisher=TNC|accessdate=2016-01-20|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085301/http://www.nature.org/newsfeatures/pressreleases/science-for-nature-and-people-snap-created.xml}}</ref> == Ihe omume == SNAPP na-enweta ego, na-akpọkọta ma na-akwado Òtù Ọrụ Ndị Ọkachamara na-edozi ihe ịma aka zuru ụwa ọnụ na mpaghara anọ:<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.worldstagegroup.com/worldstagenew/index.php?active=news&newscid=25198&catid=3|title=Science for Nature and People hosts 2-year Rwanda Govt natural capital accounting initiative|publisher=WorldStage|accessdate=20 January 2016|archive-date=2 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302052637/http://www.worldstagegroup.com/worldstagenew/index.php?active=news&newscid=25198&catid=3|url-status=bot: unknown}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. WorldStage. Archived from [http://www.worldstagegroup.com/worldstagenew/index.php?active=news&newscid=25198&catid=3 the original] on 2 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> * Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na uru dị iche iche * Nchebe Nri na Okike * Nchebe Mmiri na Okike * Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe ihu igwe SNAPP nwere ìgwè ọrụ 34 na-arụ ọrụ n'ụwa niile, nke ọ bụla nwere nsogbu a kapịrị ọnụ iji dozie n'ime ọnwa 24. Ndị a na-akwado site na [[World Bank|ụlọ]] ọrụ dị ka World Bank, NGO dị ka Mercy Corps, na azụmaahịa dị ka Swiss Re.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.snap.is/|title=Homepage|publisher=SNAP|accessdate=2023-08-16|archivedate=2023-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928042836/http://www.snap.is/}}</ref> === Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na uru dị iche iche === Na Septemba 25, 2015, gọọmentị China kwupụtara mmachibido iwu maka ahia ọdụ́ ya, nke a na-egbu enyí 22,000 kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bale|first=Rachel|title=U.S.-China Deal to Ban Ivory Trade Is Good News for Elephants|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150925-ivory-elephants-us-china-obama-xi-poaching/|date=25 September 2015|work=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]|accessdate=20 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927101827/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150925-ivory-elephants-us-china-obama-xi-poaching/|archive-date=27 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=MacLeod|first=Calum|title=China pledges to cut ivory trade down to size|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/environment/wildlife/article4456565.ece|date=1 June 2015|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=20 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ryan|first=Fergus|title=China and US agree on ivory ban in bid to end illegal trade globally|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/26/china-and-us-agree-on-ivory-ban-in-bid-to-end-illegal-trade-globally|date=26 September 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=20 January 2016}}</ref> Nkwupụta ahụ mechara mee ka ọnụ ahịa ọdụ́ daa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Denyer|first=Simon|title=Lifeline for elephants: Ivory price halves in China after Xi pledges ban|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/12/08/lifeline-for-elephants-ivory-price-halves-in-china-after-xi-pledges-ban/|date=8 December 2015|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=20 January 2016}}</ref> SNAPP Chinese Ivory Trade Working Group na-eduzi nyocha zuru oke mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji kwado gọọmentị site na itinye mmachibido iwu ahụ n'ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.snap.is/groups/the-economics-of-the-chinese-ivory-trade/|title=WORKING GROUP: Chinese Ivory Trade|publisher=SNAP|accessdate=2016-01-20|archivedate=2016-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126154015/http://www.snap.is/groups/the-economics-of-the-chinese-ivory-trade/}}</ref> '''Natural Capital Accounting Group''' Natural Capital Accounting Working Group na-arụkọ ọrụ na gọọmentị [[Rwanda]] iji kwado atụmatụ mmepe akụ na ụba na mbelata ịda ogbenye nke mba ahụ, atụmatụ dị iche iche na atụmatụ ime ihe, na atụmatụ ịda ogbenye na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nwaka|first=Antony|title=SNAP To Host 2-Year Natural Capital Accounting Initiative|url=http://footprint2africa.com/snap-to-host-2-year-natural-capital-accounting-initiative/|date=14 October 2015|work=Footprint2Africa|accessdate=20 January 2016|archive-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018093943/http://footprint2africa.com/snap-to-host-2-year-natural-capital-accounting-initiative/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Meeting between Rwandan, Russian foreign ministers dominate newspapers|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/meeting-between-rwandan-russian-foreign-ministers-dominate-newspapers.html|date=14 October 2015|publisher=APA|accessdate=20 January 2016|archive-date=27 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127070307/http://en.starafrica.com/news/meeting-between-rwandan-russian-foreign-ministers-dominate-newspapers.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Nchekwa dabeere na ihe akaebe''' Ìgwè a, gụnyere ndị ọkachamara sitere na Conservation International, European Centre for Environment and Human Health, na World Bank, enyochaala ihe akaebe maka otu nchekwa si baara ọdịmma mmadụ uru, dịka ọmụmaatụ ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ. E bipụtara nyocha ahụ na Nature.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=McKinnon|first=M.|year=2015|title=Sustainability: Map the evidence|url=https://archive.org/details/nature-uk_2015-12-10_528_7581/page/n38|journal=Nature|volume=528|issue=7581|pages=185–187|doi=10.1038/528185a|pmid=26659166}}</ref> === Nchebe Nri na Okike === Ndị ọkachamara gụnyere site na National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration na Mahadum Stanford na-eguzobe ikike mmepụta nri nke aquaculture na-adịgide adịgide, ma na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na gọọmentị iji mepụta ntuziaka kachasị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.snap.is/groups/sustainable-open-ocean-aquaculture/|title=WORKING GROUP: Sustainable Aquaculture|publisher=SNAP|accessdate=2016-01-20|archivedate=2016-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126192628/http://www.snap.is/groups/sustainable-open-ocean-aquaculture/}}</ref> '''Ụzọ Ịkụ Azụ''' N'ịbụ nke Ray Hilborn nke Mahadum Washington na-eduzi, otu a na-arụ ọrụ iji meziwanye nghọta nke ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke isi azụ. Ha na-ejikwa usoro chọpụta ihe ndị na-eduga na nsonaazụ dị mma na njikwa azụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.snap.is/groups/fisheries-measures/|title=WORKING GROUP: Fisheries Measures|publisher=SNAP|accessdate=2016-01-20|archivedate=2016-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126205128/http://www.snap.is/groups/fisheries-measures/}}</ref> '''Ịkụ Azụmaahịa''' Nnyocha e mere egosila na a na-ejizi azụ̀ ndị nwere ntule ngwaahịa a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke ọma, mana nke a bụ ihe na-erughị 1% nke azụ̀ n'ụwa nile. Iji lụso ọgụ ọgụ dị ukwuu nke na-eyi ahụike nke ọtụtụ oke azụ̀ dị n'ụwa egwu, otu Data-Limited Fisheries Working Group na-enyocha ka a ga-esi mejuputa ụzọ ọhụrụ dị ọnụ ala iji chọpụta azụ̀ ndị nwere oke data zuru ụwa ọnụ. '''Ọrụ Ugbo Na-adịgide Adịgide''' The Sustainable Agriculture Working Group na-enyocha otu esi eme ka mmepụta ugbo sie ike na Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of [[Tanzania]] (SAGCOT), nke na-ejikọ ọwụwa anyanwụ Zambia na ime Tanzania na Oké Osimiri India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.snap.is/groups/sustainable-ag-intensification/|title=WORKING GROUP: Sustainable Ag Intensification|publisher=SNAP|accessdate=2016-01-20|archivedate=2016-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126182635/http://www.snap.is/groups/sustainable-ag-intensification/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Fernanda Mejia|first=Maria|title=Developing sustainable agricultural intensification guidelines for Tanzania|url=http://www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/2014/09/17/developing-sustainable-agricultural-intensification-guidelines-for-tanzania/|date=17 September 2014|work=CIAT Blog|accessdate=20 January 2016|archive-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126171950/http://www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/2014/09/17/developing-sustainable-agricultural-intensification-guidelines-for-tanzania/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Nchebe Mmiri na Okike === '''Oké Ndakpọ Akụ na Eze''' N'ịbụ nke United States Geological Survey na-akwado, Otu Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụkọ Mmiri Ecological na-emepụta nghọta sayensị kachasị ọhụrụ banyere ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ogologo oge na ọdịda anyanwụ US maka gọọmentị etiti, steeti na ime obodo, na azụmahịa..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/featured/carter|title=SNAP: Landscape Sensitivity to Ecological Drought|publisher=NCEAS|accessdate=2016-01-20|archivedate=2016-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126212820/https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/featured/carter}}</ref> '''Ịkekọrịta Mmiri''' Otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmiri na-ekekọrịta na-achọpụta ụgwọ na uru nke nkwekọrịta mmiri nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche na 2-4 pilot watersheds na Western United States. === Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe ihu igwe === Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji ọtụtụ nde dollar eme ihe n'ihe mgbochi simenti arụrụ arụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ́ ndị na-adịghị enye nchebe ọdachi na-adịte aka ma na-emerụkwa gburugburu ebe obibi mebiri emebi. Òtù Na-arụ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe nke Coastal ewuwo nchekwa data nke ọrụ gburugburu ụwa nke na-eji akụrụngwa ndụ ndụ na ụzọ ha si abịa na ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa. Site n'enyemaka nke World Bank, oru ngo a ga-amata ebe okike nwere uru kachasị ukwuu n'ichekwa oke osimiri ụwa. == Ndị nyere onyinye == Shirley na Harry Hagey, Steve na Roberta Denning, Seth Neiman, Gordon na Betty Moore Foundation, Ward W. na Priscilla B. Woods, na David na Lucile Packard Foundation akwadowo SNAPP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.snap.is/about/#partners|title=Partners|publisher=SNAP|accessdate=2016-01-20|archivedate=2016-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213180828/http://www.snap.is/about/#partners}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Byington|first=Cara|title=Science for Nature & People (SNAP) Announces 7 New Working Groups|url=http://blog.nature.org/science/2015/03/10/science-nature-people-snap-accepting-proposals-working-groups-innovation/|date=10 March 2015|work=Cool Green Science|accessdate=20 January 2016|archive-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321174712/http://blog.nature.org/science/2015/03/10/science-nature-people-snap-accepting-proposals-working-groups-innovation/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis * [[Nchekwa Okike]] * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nchekwa Anụ Ọhịa == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://snappartnership.net/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d9ac48jfdx105tulp5pferh32on40ab 0 28990 728409 698312 2026-09-27T05:34:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728409 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''TOXMAP''' bụ usoro ozi ala (GIS) sitere na Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke United States(NLM) nke e wepụrụ na Disemba 16, 2019. Ngwa ahụ jiri map nke United States nyere ndị ọrụ aka ịchọpụta data sitere na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) na mmemme Superfund na atụmatụ anya na map.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://explore.data.gov/Health-and-Nutrition/TOXMAP-online-toxicology-maps-/3zb7-374y|title=TOXMAP®:online toxicology maps|publisher=United States [[Data.gov]]|date=February 7, 2011|accessdate=October 27, 2011|archivedate=July 12, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712043330/http://explore.data.gov/Health-and-Nutrition/TOXMAP-online-toxicology-maps-/3zb7-374y}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.genengnews.com/best-of-the-web/toxmap/584/|title=TOXMAP®|work=Gen - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News|publisher=[[Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News]]|date=August 2005|accessdate=October 27, 2011}}</ref> == Nkọwa == TOXMAP nyere ndị ọrụ aka ịmepụta map mba, mpaghara, ma ọ bụ mpaghara mpaghara naegosi ebe a naahapụ kemịkal TRI nime ikuku, mmiri, ala, na site na injection nokpuru ala, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na United States kọrọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hochstein|first=Colette|title=TOXMAP: a GIS-based gateway to environmental health resources|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-reference-services-quarterly_fall-2006_25_3/page/13|journal=Medical Reference Services Quarterly|volume=25|issue=3|pages=13–31|year=2006|pmid=16893844|doi=10.1300/J115v25n03_02}} </ref> Ọ chọpụtakwara ụlọ ọrụ ntọhapụ, mbipụta koodu agba maka otu afọ ma ọ bụ afọ, ma nye ọtụtụ afọ nchịkọta data na usoro na oge, malite na 1988. Map nwekwara ike igosi ebe Superfund dị na Ụlọ ọrụ naahụ maka ihe ndị naegbu egbu na ndebanye aha ọrịa ndepụta ihe ndị gaebute ụzọ mba (NPL), nke depụtara ihe niile naemetọ kemịkal dị na saịtị ndị a. TOXMAP bụ ngwá ọrụ [[Environmental health|ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] bara uru nke naeme ka ọha na eze nwee ozi gbasara ọrịa na gburugburu ebe obibi. E nwere nsụgharị abụọ nke TOXMAP dị site na ibe ụlọ ya: ụdị ochie nke TOXmAP wepụtara na 2004, ụdị ọhụrụ wepụtara na 2014 nke dabeere na teknụzụ Adobe Flash / Apache Flex. Na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ atụmatụ nke TOXMAP classic, mbipute ọhụrụ ahụ naenye ọdịdị map ka mma na ikike mmekọrịta yana anya na mmetụta GIS ugbu a. Nke a gụnyere panning naenweghị ntụpọ, mmelite ozugbo nke nsonaazụ ọchụchọ mgbe ị naagbasa notu ebe, akụkụ abụọ a naagbadata iji bulie nha map, na mgbanwe nha akpaghị aka mgbe windo gbanwere. TOXMAP ọhụrụ ahụ mekwara ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ dị na US dịkwuo mma site na Census Tract (2000 na 2010), data Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), ụlọ ọrụ nuklia azụmahịa nke US, yana imeziwanye ma melite ókèala distrikti nke ndị omeiwu. Ndị ọrụ TOXMAP nwere ike ịchọ usoro ahụ site na ọnọdụ (dị ka obodo, steeti, ma ọ bụ koodu ZIP), aha kemịkal, iberibe aha kemịl, ntọhapụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ntọhapụ, aha ụlọ ọrụ na ID, ma nwee ike nyochaa nsonaazụ nye ndị bi nime mpaghara akọwapụtara ma ọ bụ omenala. Enwere ike iwelite nsonaazụ ọchụchọ na Google Maps ma ọ bụ Google Earth, ma ọ bụ chekwaa maka iji ya na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ. TOXMAP naekpuchi data map dịka ozi ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke US, ọnụ ọgụgụ ego sitere na Bureau of Economic Analysis, na data ahụike sitere na National Cancer Institute na National Center for Health Statistics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/toxmap.html|title=TOXMAP Fact Sheet|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|date=January 14, 2011|accessdate=May 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601214402/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/toxmap.html|archive-date=June 1, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ihe ọmụma egosiri na TOXMAP sitere na isi mmalite ndị a:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/faq/2009/08/what-data-sources-does-toxmap-use.html|title=What data sources does TOXMAP use?|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|date=July 26, 2010|accessdate=May 5, 2011|archivedate=June 8, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608000706/http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/faq/2009/08/what-data-sources-does-toxmap-use.html}}</ref> * EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) * EPA Superfund Program (National Priorities List/NPL) * Ebe obibi Canada * National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program * Ebe nchekwa data nke ihe ndị dị ize ndụ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180423012342/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/toxlinfs.html NLM TOXLINE (Toxicology Bibliographic Information)] * Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Naegbu Mmanụ na Ndebanye aha Ọrịa * National Atlas nke United States * Nlekọta, Epidemiology, na nchekwa data Nsonaazụ * National Center for Health Statistics * Kọmitii Naachịkwa Nuklia * Esri == Mkpọchi == Ọchịchị Trump wepụrụ nchekwa data ahụ na ịntanetị na Disemba 2019. NLM kwuru na nkwupụta na ọtụtụ nime ozi ahụ ka dị site na isi mmalite, nakwa na enwere ike iwepụ nchekwa data ahụ; ndị nkatọ, dị ka Environmental Data & Governance Initiative, tụrụ aro na ọ bụ akụkụ nke mgbalị ka ukwuu site naka nchịkwa iji mebie nsonaazụ ọjọọ nke ntụgharị nke iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke oge Obama.<ref>https://envirodatagov.org</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Newsweek]]|title=TOXMAP, Federal Database Allowing Public to Track U.S. Pollution, Shut Down After 15 Years by Trump Administration|url=https://www.newsweek.com/toxmap-federal-database-allowing-public-track-us-pollution-shut-down-after-15-years-trump-1479146|first=Jeffery|author=Martin|date=December 24, 2019|accessdate=December 26, 2019}}</ref> Ihe ọmụma dị nokpuru TOXMAP ka nwere ike ịnweta site na ihe onwunwe mbụ ha: Gọọmentị nke Canada National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), U.S. Census Bureau, U.S EPA Clean Air Markets Program, U.s. EPA Geospatial Applications, U.E. EPA Facilities Registry System (FRS), U.E.-S. EPA Toxics Release Program (TRI), UERH NCI Regulatory Nchịkwa, na Nsonaazụ Nuclear (SE).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/pollution-waste-management/national-pollutant-release-inventory.html|title=National Pollutant Release Inventory|date=28 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/airmarkets|title=Clean Air Markets|date=12 August 2014|access-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222023824/https://www.epa.gov/airmarkets|archive-date=22 February 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/geospatial/epa-geospatial-applications|title=EPA Geospatial Applications|date=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/frs|title=Facility Registry Service (FRS)|date=23 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/superfund|title=Superfund|date=11 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program|title=Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program|date=31 January 2013}}</ref><ref>https://seer.cancer.gov/</ref><ref>https://www.nrc.gov/</ref><ref name="National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health 2021">{{Cite web|title=TOXNET HAS MOVED|work=National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health|date=2021-03-22|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet/index.html|accessdate=2022-06-30}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ebe nchekwa data nke ihe ndị dị ize ndụ * [[Environmental health|Ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == 92x6f5prtk2ixa5ukdquv1r2adgfek1 0 29197 728269 723203 2026-09-26T17:25:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Pacific Forest Trust''''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na-ahụ maka nchekwa ala nke na-akwalite nchekwa ọhịa na nlekọta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://findalandtrust.org/land_trusts/11124|title=Find A Land Trust {{!}} Land Trust Alliance|work=findalandtrust.org|publisher=Land Trust Alliance|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.landtrustaccreditation.org/land-trust-locator/location/837|title=Land Trust Locator - Pacific Forest Trust|work=www.landtrustaccreditation.org|publisher=Land Trust Accreditation Commission|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref> Ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwado oké ọhịa America maka uru ọha na eze ha nke osisi, mmiri, anụ ọhịa, na ọdịmma ndị mmadụ, na mmekorita ya na ndị nwe ala na obodo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pacificforest.org/about-us/|title=About Us - Pacific Forest Trust|work=Pacific Forest Trust|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ọ bụ Laurie Wayburn na Constance Best guzobere Pacific Forest Trust na 1993 iji nye ihe mkpali na nkwado iji gbaa ndị nwe ọhịa ume ma mee ka ha chekwaa ihe onwunwe ha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.redding.com/news/conservation-easements-and-land-trusts-growing-trend-in-north-state-ep-374990937-354312311.html|title=Conservation easements and land trusts growing trend in north state|author=Arthur|first=Damon|date=2012-07-28|work=www.redding.com|publisher=Redding Record Searchlight|accessdate=2016-06-09|archive-date=2016-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609064029/http://www.redding.com/news/conservation-easements-and-land-trusts-growing-trend-in-north-state-ep-374990937-354312311.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Laurie Wayburn, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na Harvard Alumna, bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye na-elekọta gburugburu ebe obibi a ma ama Edgar Wayburn. Constance Best bụ onye na-echekwa ihe na onye ọchụnta ego.<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20196270,00.html|title=Protectors of the Planet|last=Clark|first=Champ|date=2008-04-21|website=www.people.com|publisher=People Magazine|access-date=2016-06-09}}</ref> == Ụzọ e si eme ya == Atụmatụ ntụkwasị obi bụ ime ka nchekwa bụrụ iji oke ọhịa na ala ndị ọzọ metụtara asọmpi akụ na ụba.  Ha na ndị nwe ala nkeonwe na-arụkọ ọrụ iji chekwaa oke ọhịa ha kpamkpam, na-ebute ahụike ogologo oge na nrụpụta ọhịa nke na-abara ọha na eze uru, yana acres 82,484 ugbu a na-echekwa nchekwa.  Ha na-akwalite ichekwa oke ọhịa n'ihi na ọ na-enyere aka ibelata mgbanwe ihu igwe, na-echebe akụ mmiri, na-eje ozi dị ka ebe obibi maka anụ ọhịa, ma na-enye ohere ntụrụndụ maka ndị na-anụ ụtọ n'èzí.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pacificforest.org/what-were-doing/conserve-forests/|title=What We Do: Conserve Forest Landscapes|work=Pacific Forest Trust|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GGx_ooQ3ygQC&q=%22Pacific+Forest+Trust%22&pg=PA197|chapter=The Pacific Forest Trust|author=Best|first=Constance|editor=Peter Schoonmaker|title=The Rainforests of Home|pages=197–201|accessdate=2016-06-15|isbn=9781610913379|date=1997-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtTdT_O5iZYC&pg=PA98|author=Rowe|first=Jonathan|editor=Barnes, Peter|title=Our Common Wealth: The Hidden Economy That Makes Everything Else Work|publisher=Berrett Koehler Publishers Inc.|date=2013-04-01|accessdate=2016-06-15|isbn=9781609948351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pacificforest.org/what-were-doing/advance-climate-solutions/|title=What We Do: Advance Climate Solutions|work=Pacific Forest Trust|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=we0pAAAAIBAJ&pg=2761%2C3836198|author=AP|title=Experts: Deforestation Hurts Climate|publisher=Lewiston Sun Journal|date=2007-02-26|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ellison|first=Katherine|date=2000-10-15|title=Trust Seeks to Harvest 'Carbon Credits' From Forests|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/oct/15/news/mn-36933|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2016-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pacificforest.org/what-were-doing/protect-water-resources/|title=What We Do: Protect Water Sources|work=Pacific Forest Trust|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/Help-needed-to-protect-forests-water-supply-in-6700693.php|author=Best|first=Connie|title=Help needed to protect forests, water supply in California|date=2015-12-15|accessdate=2016-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.recordnet.com/article/20130615/A_NEWS/306150327|author=Nichols|first=Dana M.|title=Pact protects Sierra ranchland, upper Calaveras River|work=Recordnet.com|publisher=Local Media Group|date=2013-06-15|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Assembly declares trees as part of state's water systems|url=http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/stories/001/?ID=30662|work=Central Valley Business Times|date=2016-06-06|accessdate=2016-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pacificforest.org/what-were-doing/save-wildlife-habitat/|title=What We Do: Save Wildlife Habitat|work=Pacific Forest Trust|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Mortenson|first=Eric|date=2010-12-03|title=In a timber wars turnabout, Washington tree farm improves habitat for spotted owl|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2010/12/wildlife_biologist_blake_murde.html|work=The Oregonian|accessdate=2016-06-19}}</ref> Pacific Forest Trust na-akwalite mmejuputa nke nlekọta ọhịa - ọhịa, nke na-agba ume okike, ihe ndị dị n'oké ọhịa, nkesa afọ, usoro, na ihe owuwu - na ọhịa onwe onye.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.northcoastjournal.com/080504/cover0805.html|author=Gurnon|first=Emily|title=A Battle Won?|work=North Coast Journal Weekly|date=2004-08-05}}</ref> Ha na-eme nke a site n'inye nsonaazụ nyocha, enyemaka teknụzụ na nhazi, ngosipụta, ndụmọdụ na agụmakwụkwọ maka ndị nwe ala, ndị njikwa akụ, na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2000/0718/p11s2.htm|author=Hunt|first=Ed|title=To save a forest, chop here|date=2000-07-18|publisher=Christian Science Monitor|accessdate=2016-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mainebiz.biz/article/20141117/CURRENTEDITION/311139993/drummond-woodsum-lawyers-help-appalachian-mountain-club-cash-in-on-uncut-trees|title=Drummond Woodsum lawyers help Appalachian Mountain Club cash in on uncut trees|author=McCarthy|first=James|date=2014-11-17|work=MaineBiz.biz|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-06-09|archive-date=2016-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609114549/http://www.mainebiz.biz/article/20141117/CURRENTEDITION/311139993/drummond-woodsum-lawyers-help-appalachian-mountain-club-cash-in-on-uncut-trees|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pacific Forest Trust's Van Eck Forest Project bụ ihe atụ nke ụdị ọhịa a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pacificforest.org/conservation-project/van-eck-forests/|title=Van Eck Forest Laboratories|work=Pacific Forest Trust|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=PASSERO|first=Michelle|date=2008|editor=Streck C.|title=Climate Change and Forests: Emerging Policy and Market Opportunities|url=https://archive.org/details/climatechangefor0000unse|chapter=The Van Eck Forest Management Project in California|pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechangefor0000unse/page/289 289]–291|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=9780815781929}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-21105098.html|author=Barnard|first=Jeff|title=Where environmental concerns meet timber interests|work=The Washington Post|date=2010-01-10|accessdate=2016-06-15|archive-date=2016-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911113945/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-21105098.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọrụ a bụkwa ọrụ mbụ e debanyere aha ya na California.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forestcarbonportal.com/project/van-eck|title=Forest Carbon Portal: The van Eck Forest|work=www.forestcarbonportal.com|publisher=Forest Trends|accessdate=2016-06-09|archivedate=2016-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612181820/http://www.forestcarbonportal.com/project/van-eck}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Forests-break-green-ground-by-selling-offsets-3270185.php|title=Forests break green ground by selling offsets|author=DeBare|first=Ilana|date=2008-09-07|work=SFGate|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=krIjAAAAIBAJ&pg=3825%2C2828712|title=Humboldt Forest in 1st Carbon Offset Deal|author=The Press Democrat|date=2008-02-12|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref> == Iwu na nkwado == Ntụkwasị obi na-etolite atụmatụ amụma na nyocha iji wepụta agbamume ọhụrụ maka-ma ọ bụ wepụ ihe mgbochi na-elekọta ọhịa ogologo oge, na-akwalite atụmatụ na ụkpụrụ na-akwado itinye ego nke ndị nwe ala na mweghachi na ichekwa ala ha.  Ha sụrụ ụzọ n'echiche na mmejuputa nke ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ọhịa na-arụ ọrụ, nke bụ nchekwa nchekwa "nke emebere iji chebe oke ọhịa na-arụ ọrụ nke a na-ejigide ihe ubi na ngwaahịa ọhịa ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide yana ụkpụrụ nchekwa ndị metụtara ya" dị ka ebe obibi anụ ọhịa,  isi iyi mmiri, na ụlọ ahịa carbon na-ebelata ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/09/29/29greenwire-calif-forest-hailed-as-model-for-new-management-5930.html|title=Calif. Forest Hailed as Model for New Management Paradigm|author=Greenwire|first=Laura Petersen Of|date=2011-09-29|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tesini|first=Dan|date=2009-01-01|title=Working Forest Conservation Easements|journal=The Urban Lawyer|volume=41|issue=2|pages=359–375}}</ref> Pacific Forest Trust duziri usoro nke itinye ụkpụrụ ziri ezi na nke a na-enyocha maka carbon ọhịa n'ime Global Warming Solutions Act nke 2006<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ccap.org/assets/AB32-and-Californias-Forestry-Sector_CCAP.pdf|title=AB32 and California's Forestry Sector|author=Whitesell|first=William|authorlink=|date=|work=|publisher=Center for Clean Air Policy|accessdate=2016-06-09|archivedate=2016-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615095107/http://ccap.org/assets/AB32-and-Californias-Forestry-Sector_CCAP.pdf}}</ref> ma sonye na mmepe nke Forest Project Protocol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.climateactionreserve.org/how/protocols/forest/dev/|title=Forest Project Protocol Development|work=www.climateactionreserve.org|publisher=Climate Action Reserve|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref> Site n'ime nke a, ha mepụtara ihe ndabere maka ahịa na-aga n'ihu na Carbon Credits nke dabeere n'ọhịa nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe belata ikuku CO2 kemgbe e mere ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/01/local/me-forests-carbon1|author=Roosevelt|first=Margot|title=California forests hold one answer to climate change|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2009-06-01|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=J8laAAAAIBAJ&pg=6782%2C3366251|title=Texas Company to Preserve Trees in Trade for Pollution|author=The Victoria Advocate, New York Times News Service|date=2000-11-12|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, Trust mepụtara ụzọ dị mfe iji nweta nkwekọrịta Safe Harbor, nke na-ahụ na a na-akwụ ndị nwe ala ụgwọ - kama ịta ha ahụhụ - maka ịkwalite nchekwa nke ebe obibi maka ụmụ anụmanụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịla n'iyi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eenews.net/stories/76033|title=ENDANGERED SPECIES: Calif. land trust balances habitat restoration, logging under safe harbor agreement for spotted owl|author=Reese|first=April|date=2009-03-26|work=www.eenews.net|publisher=E&E Publishing|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, Pacific Forest Trust butekwara ụzọ ịgbakwunye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1,600 acres na Yosemite National Park site na ịzụta 793 acres nke ala wee nye ya National Park maka itinye ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/449|title=Land adjacent to California's Yosemite park bought by conservation group|publisher=Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. McClatchy-Tribune Information Services|date=2004|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_23088669/bills-would-expand-yosemite-national-park-slightly|author=CONE|first=TRACIE|title=Bills would expand Yosemite National Park slightly|publisher=AP Online. Press Association, Inc.|date=2013|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thebusinessjournal.com/news/tourism/5782-costa-bill-looks-to-expand-yosemite-s-boundary|title=Costa Bill Would Restore Yosemite to Muir's Original Vision|publisher=States News Service. States News Service|date=2013|accessdate=2016-06-15|archive-date=2016-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828115058/http://www.thebusinessjournal.com/news/tourism/5782-costa-bill-looks-to-expand-yosemite-s-boundary|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://abc30.com/archive/9076807/|title=Sen. Feinstein Introduces Bill to Expand Yosemite's Western Boundary|publisher=US Fed News Service, Including US State News. The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd|date=2013|accessdate=2016-06-15}}l</ref> Onye omeiwu obodo ahụ bụ Tom McClintock kwụsịrị mgbalị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25984680/yosemite-national-park-expansion-stalls-congress?source=infinite-up|author=Rogers|first=Paul|title=Yosemite National Park Expansion Stalls in Congress|work=San Jose Mercury News|date=2014-06-17}}</ref> == Onyinye na otuto == * E nyere Pacific Forest Trust "Climate Action Champion" nke California Climate Action Reserve na 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.climateactionreserve.org/blog/2012/04/24/climate-action-reserve-announces-2012-climate-action-champion-award-recipients/|title=Climate Action Reserve Announces 2012 Climate Action Champion Award Recipients|date=2012-04-24|work=www.climateactionreserve.org|publisher=Climate Action Reserve|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref> * N'afọ 2010 na 2016, Pacific Forest Trust nwetara ọnọdụ "kwado" ma mezigharịa ikikere ha site na Land Trust Accreditation Commission, mmemme kwụụrụ onwe ya nke Land Trust Alliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.landtrustaccreditation.org/news-and-updates/notice-of-decisions/236-july-2010-accreditation-decisions|title=July 2010 Accreditation Decisions|work=www.landtrustaccreditation.org|publisher=Land Trust Accreditation Commission|accessdate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.landtrustaccreditation.org/news-and-updates/press-releases/790-ranks-of-accredited-land-trusts-grow|title=Ranks of Accredited Land Trusts Grow|date=2016-02-16|work=www.landtrustaccreditation.org|publisher=Land Trust Accreditation Commission|accessdate=2016-06-09|archivedate=2016-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617144214/http://www.landtrustaccreditation.org/news-and-updates/press-releases/790-ranks-of-accredited-land-trusts-grow}}</ref> * N'afọ 2009, e nyere Pacific Forest Trust U.S. EPA International Climate Protection Award, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke EPA na nchedo ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=2009 Climate Protection Award Winners|title=Climate Protection Partnerships|url=http://www.epa.gov/cpd/awards/2009winners.html#oaa|work=U. S. EPA|accessdate=29 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218193051/http://www.epa.gov/cpd/awards/2009winners.html#oaa|archive-date=18 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P100BQ2D.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2006%20Thru%202010&Docs=&Query=%28pacific%20forest%20trust%29%20OR%20FNAME%3D%22P100BQ2D.txt%22%20AND%20FNAME%3D%22P100BQ2D.txt%22&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C06THRU10%5CTXT%5C00000029%5CP100BQ2D.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=p%7Cf&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=10&ZyEntry=1#|title=Energy Star and Other Climate Protection Partnerships, 2008 Annual Report|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EPA Honors Climate and Ozone Layer Protection Award Winners|date=21 April 2009|url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/6424ac1caa800aab85257359003f5337/3d32b59a145a2ad58525759f006841db!OpenDocument|work=Environmental Protection Agency|accessdate=16 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809224848/https://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/6424ac1caa800aab85257359003f5337/3d32b59a145a2ad58525759f006841db!OpenDocument|archive-date=9 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume == Ụfọdụ òtù ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi megidere iwu ndị nyere ikike mmepụta nke Carbon Credits site na ọhịa, gụnyere Sierra Club, Center for Biological Diversity na iri abụọ ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bailey|first=Eric|date=2009-09-25|title=New California rules allow timber firms to sell carbon credits|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/sep/25/local/me-logging25|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2016-06-19}}</ref> Ọ ka na-ese okwu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Parrish|first=Will|title=Cap & Trade: Selling Pollution|url=http://theava.com/archives/56084/comment-page-1|work=Anderson Valley Advertiser|date=2016-05-11|accessdate=2016-06-15}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite journal|doi=10.3733/ca.v065n04p184|title=Forest and rangeland owners value land for natural amenities and as financial investment|journal=California Agriculture|volume=65|issue=4|pages=184–191|year=2011|author=Kelly|first=Maggi}} * {{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00401.x|volume=18|title=Land Trusts and Conservation Easements: Who Is Conserving What for Whom?|journal=Conservation Biology|pages=65–76|year=2004|author=Merenlender|first=A. M.|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8df0d9753b12d60bf7633779a06f09c19054d47a}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website lgv7mi8df5ay0lfuxqeaoflh1rnnzl3 0 29340 728325 541461 2026-09-26T22:13:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Rita_Levi-Montalcini_(1986).png|thumb|Rita Levi-Montalcini 1986]] [[Usòrò:Rita Levi Montalcini.jpg|thumb|Rita Levi-Montalcini 2009]] '''Rita Levi-Montalcini OMRI OMCA bụ onye mba Italy guru neurobiology. Enyere ya nturu ugo Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jikọtara ya na onye ọrụ ibe Stanley Cohen maka nchọpụta nke ihe na-eto eto n'afo 1986'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|accessdate=1 January 2013}}</ref> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] N'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ọ tụlere ịghọ onye ode akwụkwọ ma nwee mmasị na onye ode akwụkwọ mba Sweden bu Selma Lagerlöf, [1] ma mgbe ọ hụchara ezigbo enyi ezinụlọ ya nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa afọ, o kpebiri ịga Mahadum ahuike Turin (Turin Medical School). Nna ya kwụsịrị ụmụ ya nwanyị ka ha ghara ịga mahadum, n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na ọ ga-akpaghasị ndụ ha nwere ike dị ka ndị nwunye na ndị nne, ma n'ikpeazụ ọ kwadoro ọchịchọ nke Levi-Montalcini ịghọ dọkịta.[3]. Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Turin, ọkà mmụta akwara ozi bụ Giuseppe Levi kpalitere mmasị ya na usoro ụjọ na-eto eto.[4] Mgbe ọ gụchara summa cum laude MD na 1936, Montalcini nọgidere na mahadum dị ka onye inyeaka nke Livaị, mana Benito Mussolini 1938 Manifesto of Race wepụrụ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na mmechi nke iwu na-egbochi ndị Juu n'ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na ọkachamara.[5].<ref name="fox1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/12/30/nobel-winning-scientist-levi-montalcini-dies-in-rome-at-103-biologist-studied/|title=Nobel-winning scientist Levi-Montalcini dies in Rome at 103, biologist studied growth factor|date=30 December 2012|publisher=Fox News Channel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924182038/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/12/30/nobel-winning-scientist-levi-montalcini-dies-in-rome-at-103-biologist-studied/|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=17 August 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> rg8btxknggpd1vuhm86tcbm30jr9w1i 0 29345 728275 726010 2026-09-26T18:12:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} '''Paul Franklin Watson''' (amụrụ na Disemba 2, 1950) bụ onye Canada-America naahụ maka nchekwa na [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi|gburugburu ebe obibi]], onye guzobere [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Conservation Society]], otu naemegide ịchụ nta nazighị ezi naelekwasị anya na nchekwa mmiri. Atụmatụ ndị Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri ji mee ihe dọtara ndị mmegide, ebe gọọmentị Japan na [[Greenpeace]] boro ndị otu ahụ ebubo iyi ọha egwu.<ref name="Telegraph 2009-04-17">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5166346/Paul-Watson-Sea-Shepherd-eco-warrior-fighting-to-stop-whaling-and-seal-hunts.html|title=Paul Watson: Sea Shepherd eco-warrior fighting to stop whaling and seal hunts|accessdate=July 15, 2009|date=April 17, 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420214019/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5166346/Paul-Watson-Sea-Shepherd-eco-warrior-fighting-to-stop-whaling-and-seal-hunts.html|archive-date=April 20, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="HARDLINE">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10619393|title=Hardline warrior in war to save the whale|date=January 11, 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=November 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/04/14/williams-watson.html|title=Williams assails anti-sealing activist Watson as 'terrorist'|publisher=CBC|date=April 14, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref> Watson bụ nwa amaala [[Kánada|Canada]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]. Nwa amaala Toronto sonyeere ngagharị iwe Sierra Club megide nnwale nuklia na 1969. Nihi na Watson rụrụ ụka maka atụmatụ nke ime ihe kpọmkwem nke naemegide nkọwa Greenpeace nke enweghị ime ihe ike, a chụpụrụ ya na bọọdụ ahụ na 1977. Otú ọ dị, Greenpeace ekwuola na Watson bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta, mana ọ bụghị otu nime ndị guzobere Greenpeace.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2008|title=Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826061748/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|archivedate=26 August 2014|accessdate=22 November 2012|publisher=Greenpeace}}</ref> Notu afọ ahụ, o guzobere Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Society. Otu ahụ bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi nke a naakpọ Whale Wars. Ọ naakwalite veganism, mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na biocentric, karịa anthropocentric, echiche ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.animalsaustralia.org/media/opinion.php?op=42|title=A Very Inconvenient Truth // Animals Australia|publisher=Animalsaustralia.org|accessdate=May 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecospherics.net/pages/wonw.htm|title=About the Authors|publisher=Ecospherics.net|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=November 8, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108140818/http://www.ecospherics.net/pages/wonw.htm}}</ref> Ọrụ Watson emeela ka ndị ọchịchị na mba ndị gụnyere United States, Canada, [[Norway]], Costa Rica na Japan mee ihe nụzọ iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2012/12/17/12-35266.pdf|title=Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington Richard A. Jones, District Judge, Presiding|first=Molly|author=Dwyer|publisher=United States Court of Appeals|date=December 17, 2012|accessdate=January 5, 2013|archivedate=November 4, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104010815/https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2012/12/17/12-35266.pdf}}</ref> E jidere ya na [[Jémanị|Germany]] na arịrịọ nke Costa Rica na Mee 2012. E nyere ọkwa Interpol na Septemba 14, 2012, na arịrịọ nke [[Japan]] na Costa Rica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2012/N20120914|title=N20120914 / 2012 / News & media releases / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=September 14, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920030056/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2012/N20120914|archivedate=September 20, 2012}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọrọ noké osimiri ruo ọnwa 15 mgbe ọ gbapụrụ na Germany, ebe a tọhapụrụ ya na mgbapụta, ọ laghachiri na Los Angeles na mbubreyo October 2013, naaga site na omenala na "ejideghị ya". Ọ pụtara nihu ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe US na Nọvemba 6, 2013, naekwu na ya ma ọ bụ Sea Shepherd Conservation Society emebighị iwu 2012 nke chọrọ ka ha hapụ naanị ụgbọ mmiri whaling. Ọ bụ ezie na United States bụ onye naedebanye aha na Interpol, Watson ejidebeghị maka ibuga Japan ma ọ bụ Costa Rica. Ọ naebi na Vermont, naede akwụkwọ. Ọ nọ na Paris ka ọnwa Julaị 1, 2014, mana ọ lọghachila United States kemgbe. Na Machị 2019, Costa Rica wepụrụ ebubo niile megide Watson ma wepụ ọkwa uhie nke Interpol.<ref name="maritime-executive.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/costa-rica-drops-charges-against-sea-shepherd-s-paul-watson|title=Costa Rica Drops Charges Against Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson}}</ref> == Mbido na ndụ onwe onye == Dị ka Sea Shepherd Conservation Society si kwuo, Paul Watson mụrụ na Toronto nye Anthony Joseph Watson na Annamarie Larsen, ma tolite na St. Andrews, New Brunswick, ya na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ na ụmụnne atọ. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ bụ onye otu n'ime ọgbakọ obiọma, bụ nke o kwuru na ọ kụziiri ya ka ọ "naasọpụrụ na ịgbachitere anụmanụ". Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye ndu njem na Expo 67, ngosi ngosi ụwa nke mere na Montreal na 1967, Watson kwagara Vancouver. Dị ka Sea Shepherd Conservation Society si kwuo, na 1968 na mmalite 1970s, ọ sonyeere ndị Canada Coast Guard, ebe ọ naeje ozi nụgbọ mmiri ihu igwe, nchọta na nnapụta, na ihe nrịbama. Ọ debanyere aha dị ka onye naanya ụgbọ mmiri na 1969 na ndị Consulate Norwegian na Vancouver wee bupu nụgbọ mmiri 30,000 ton Bris dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Edebara aha Bris ahụ na Oslo, Norway, ma gosipụta ya maka azụmaahịa India na Pacific. Nafọ 1972, o si na San Francisco si na San Francisco pụta na ụgbọ mmiri Sweden bụ Jarl R. Trapp naebu ton 35,000 wee gosipụta maka ahia mmiri India na Pacific. Watson nwere otu nwa nwanyị, Lilliolani (amụrụ nafọ 1980), ya na nwunye mbụ ya, Starlet Lum, onye bụ onye isi nke Greenpeace Quebec, Earthforce!, Project Wolf, na Sea Shepherd.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Captain Watson's Biography|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/captain-watsons-biography.html|publisher=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|accessdate=May 28, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504104656/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/captain-watsons-biography.html|archivedate=May 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/science/earth/kumi-naidoo-greenpeace-director-forges-a-broader-path-to-activism.html|title=Greenpeace leader visits boardroom, without forsaking social activism|first=John|author=Broder|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 6, 2011|accessdate=January 22, 2013|quote='It's all about extreme political correctness,' said Paul Watson, a founding director of Greenpeace who is now the head of Sea Shepherd}}</ref> Nwunye ya nke abụọ, Lisa Distefano, onye bụbu onye naeme ihe nkiri Playboy, bụ onye isi ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd n'oge mkpọsa Makah naemegide igbu whale na Friday Harbor. Nwunye ya nke atọ, Allison Lance, bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ na onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Sea Shepherd. Watson nwere ụmụ ụmụ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-031206-3.html|title=Prosecutor Agrees to Release Allison and Alex but Fines Sea Shepherd for Freeing Dolphins! - Sea Shepherd|date=2003-12-03|accessdate=2011-12-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915133619/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-031206-3.html|archivedate=September 15, 2010|quote="Prosecutor Agrees to Release Allison and Alex jailed 22 days ... but Fines Sea Shepherd 800,000 Yen ($8,000 US) for freeing dolphins!" December 3, 2003.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://komonews.com/archive/animal-rights-activist-arrested-in-seattle-grand-jury-probe|title=Animal rights activist arrested in Seattle grand jury probe|publisher=Komo Staff and News Services|date=2004-01-15|accessdate=2016-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Shukovsky|first=Paul|title=No perjury charges vs. animal activist|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=2004-09-09}}</ref> Watson lụrụ nwunye ya nke anọ Yana Rusinovich na Febụwarị 14, 2015, na Paris.<ref name="Yana">{{Cite news|author=Lopez|first=Jaime|url=http://news.co.cr/sea-shepherds-paul-watson-gets-married-valentines-day/37019/|title=Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson Gets Married on Valentine's Day|work=The Costa Rica Star|date=February 14, 2015|accessdate=March 4, 2015}}</ref> Watson na Rusinovich nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2016/10/05/whale-wars-captain-paul-watson-welcomes-son/|title=Whale Wars' Captain Paul Watson Welcomes Son Tiger|accessdate=January 19, 2018|archivedate=January 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119175542/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2016/10/05/whale-wars-captain-paul-watson-welcomes-son/}}</ref> Watson gbara ọsọ maka ndị omeiwu na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke Canada ugboro abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-15/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-profile/4011498|title=Paul Watson: the man behind Sea Shepherd|date=2012-05-15|work=ABC News|language=en-AU|accessdate=2020-04-22}}</ref> == Mgbalị == === Afọ ndị mbụ === Nọnwa Ọktoba nafọ 1969, Watson sonyeere Sierra Club naeme ngagharị iwe megide nnwale nuklia na Amchitka Island. Otu nke e guzobere n'ihi ngagharị iwe ahụ bụ Don't Make a Wave Committee, nke ghọrọ otu a maara taa dị ka [[Greenpeace]].<ref name="GreenpeaceHistory">{{Cite news|author=Weyler|first=Rex|authorlink=Rex Weyler|title=Waves of Compassion|work=[[Utne Reader]]|date=October 9, 2007|publisher=Ogden Publications|url=http://www.utne.com/archives/WavesofCompassion.aspx|accessdate=February 4, 2009}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 1970, Watson naarụkwa ọrụ na Vancouver Liberation Front na Vancouver Yippies.<ref name="Larry Gambone page 97">{{Cite book|author=Gambone|first=Larry|title=No Regrets|publisher=Black Cat Press|year=2015}}</ref> Watson ji ụgbọ mmiri dị ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace Too! nafọ 1971 wee bụrụ onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri ''Greenpeace'' Astral nafọ 1972.<ref name="Tribute">{{Cite web|title=Paul Watson bio|work=Tribute.ca|publisher=Tribute Entertainment Media Group|url=http://www.tribute.ca/people/Paul+Watson/17619/13579|accessdate=February 4, 2009}}</ref><ref name="SS Bio">{{Cite web|title=Paul Watson Biography|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/crew-watson.html|accessdate=July 27, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727083020/http://www.seashepherd.org/crew-watson.html|archivedate=July 27, 2008}}</ref> Paul Watson gara n'ihu dị ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, onye isi ụgbọ mmiri, na onye isi ụgbọ elu n'ọtụtụ njem Greenpeace n'etiti afọ ndị 1970. Dị ka The New Yorker, ''The New York Times'', na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ si kwuo, Watson bụ onye guzobere Greenpeace, mana nzukọ ahụ naagọnahụ nke a naekwu na ọ "bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta ma ọ bụghị, dịka ọ naekwu mgbe ụfọdụ, ''onye'' guzobere".<ref name="GreenpeaceSeaShepherdHistory">{{Cite web|title=Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson "Disappear"|publisher=seashepherd.org|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|accessdate=June 23, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=March 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=On the Frontlines: With Captain Paul Watson and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|year=2009|journal=[[Resistance: Journal of the Earth Liberation Movement]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/23/world/asia/23whale.html|title=Battle Against Whaling, Groups Split on Strategy|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote="The shift infuriates Paul Watson, the Sea Shepherd founder and the captain of the ''Steve Irwin''. One of the original founders of Greenpeace in the early 1970s, he parted ways with the group in 1978 because he wanted it to be more aggressive."|date=2008-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and|title=Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|publisher=Greenpeace.org|accessdate=October 31, 2009|archivedate=May 1, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501013513/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/}}</ref> Greenpeace naazọrọ na Watson sonyeere Greenpeace na njem Amchitka ya, nke ha naazọ na ọ bụ njem nke abụọ ha, mana Paul Watson na-azụta na nke a bụ nzukọ mbụ nke [[Greenpeace]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sea Shepherd International: Paul Watson and Greenpeace|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|publisher=Sea Shepherd Conservational Society|accessdate=February 25, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=March 4, 2011}}</ref> === Sea Shepherd Conservation Society === A zụrụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ nke Sea Shepherd, Sea Shepherd na Disemba 1978 site n'enyemaka nke Fund for Animals na Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.<ref name="Tribute"/> Noge naadịghị anya, Sea Shepherd guzobere onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime òtù ndị na-ese okwu na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a maara maka usoro mmegide na-akpali akpali. Atụmatụ ndị a gụnyere ịtụba ihe nelu ụgbọ mmiri ndị naegbu whale, iji "prop foulers" na mgbalị imebi ụgbọ mmiri, ịbanye ụgbọ mmiri ndị a naegbu egbu whale, na ịkụtu ụgbọ mmiri abụọ nọdụ ụgbọ mmiri [[Iceland]].<ref name="Iceland">{{Cite news|title=Whaling Ships Refloated in Iceland|work=The New York Times|date=November 20, 1986|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE3D81E3BF933A15752C1A960948260|accessdate=February 11, 2009}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2013, Watson hapụrụ ọkwa onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri ''Steve Irwin''.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Andrew Darby|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/australia/8154923/Sea-Shepherd-founder-steps-down|title=Sea Shepherd founder steps down|work=Stuff.co.nz|date=January 8, 2013|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> Nzukọ ahụ na ọrụ ya iji kwụsị igbu whale bụ ihe a naelekwasị anya na usoro ihe nkiri TV, Whale Wars, nke a naegosi na Animal Planet. Nafọ 2010, Watson nonwe ya natara ihe karịrị $ 120,000 site na Sea Shepherd.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Daniel|author=Proussalidis|url=http://www.tillsonburgnews.com/2012/08/02/germans-search-for-eco-fugitive-paul-watson|title=Germans search for Watson|publisher=Tillsonburg News|date=August 3, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> Nihi nsogbu iwu naarịwanye elu, Watson kwụsịrị dị ka onye isi nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society na 2013, iji mezuo iwu naegbochi ya ịnọ nso na ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan. Mgbe ngwọta nke okwu iwu metụtara ụlọ ọrụ Japan maka nyocha Cetacean, Watson laghachiri dị ka onye isi oche nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society na onye isi nke ụgbọ mmiri Sea Shepherd.<ref>{{Cite news|author=CBC News|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2013/01/08/canada-paul-watson-sea-shepherd-conservation-society-president.html|title=Paul Watson quits Sea Shepherd over U.S. court order – World – CBC News|work=Cbc.ca|date=January 8, 2013|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> === Ihe omume ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi === Watson bụ onye nnọchi anya ndị na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa site na 1976 ruo 1980 na onye nnọchianya maka Fund for Animals site na 1978 ruo 1981.<ref name="Tribute"/> Watson bụkwa onye guzobere Friends of the Wolf na Earthforce Environmental Society.<ref name="Tribute" /> N'ime afọ 1980, Watson kwupụtara nkwado ya maka Earth First! ma zụlite ọbụbụenyi ya na David Foreman na Edward Abbey. O kwupụtara na Sea Shepherd bụ "ụgbọ mmiri" nke Earth First! Dị ka The New Yorker si kwuo, Watson weghachiri omume nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke ịpị osisi. Watson rụrụ ọrụ na Green Party nke British Columbia na Vancouver na 1980s na 90s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=Cresdetail&Election=9577|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130101093746/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=Cresdetail&Election=9577|archivedate=January 1, 2013|title=33rd Parliament Election Results|publisher=Parliament of Canada|accessdate=February 13, 2009}}</ref> Ọ gbara ọsọ maka ịbụ onye isi obodo n'afọ 1996, bụrụ onye nke anọ.<ref name="1996 election">{{Cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/election96/96results/mayor.htm|title=1996 Local General Election Results- Mayor|year=1996|publisher=City of Vancouver|accessdate=February 13, 2009|archivedate=October 11, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011110724/http://www.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/election96/96results/mayor.htm}}</ref> Nọnwa Eprel afọ 2003, a họpụtara Watson ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nke Sierra Club maka afọ atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Watson is elected to the Sierra Club Board of Directors in April, 2003|publisher=SUPS.org|url=http://www.susps.org/candidates/watson.html|accessdate=February 25, 2010}}</ref> Nafọ 2006, ọ chọghị ka a họpụta ya ọzọ. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na bọọdụ otu ọnwa tupu oge ya agwụ, iji mee mkpesa megide nkwado nke nzukọ ahụ maka asọmpi edemede "Ihe mere m ji achụ nta".<ref name="ss1">{{Cite web|title=Sierra Club Director Paul Watson Resigns to Protest Hunting Prize|publisher=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|date=April 17, 2006|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news/media_060417_1.html|accessdate=October 31, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416155448/http://www.seashepherd.org/news/media_060417_1.html|archivedate=April 16, 2008}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2008, ''The Guardian'' kpọrọ Paul Watson aha dịka otu n'ime "ndị 50 nwere ike ịzọpụta mbara ala" maka ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian|title=50 people who could save the planet|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jan/05/activists.ethicalliving|accessdate=January 13, 2008|date=January 4, 2008|first=John|author=Vidal}}</ref> === Ihe odide banyere ime ihe ike === Watson bipụtara Earthforce!, ntuziaka maka atụmatụ maka ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na 1993.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|url=https://archive.org/details/earthforce00paul|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}</ref> Nime ya, ọ kwadoro usoro nke "mkpịsị nkịta" nke Dave Foreman na Edward Abbey kọwara na mbụ.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Foreman|title=Ecodefense: A field guide to monkeywrenching|location=Tucson, AZ|publisher=Ned Ludd Book|year=1987}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Abbey|first=Ed|title=The monkeywrench gang|location=Salt Lake City|publisher=Dream Garden Press|year=1985}}</ref> Dị ka Foreman si kwuo na ''Eco-Defense - The Field Guide to Monkey-Wrenching -'' ndị a bụ usoro nke imebi ihe, ọrụ nzuzo, na ime ihe kpọmkwem.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|url=https://archive.org/details/earthforce00paul|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}</ref> Watson naekwu na o tinyere ahụmịhe nke onwe ya n'ide akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|url=https://archive.org/details/earthforce00paul|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}</ref> N'ike Ụwa! Onye nduzi nke Earth Warrior to Strategy, Watson gosipụtara nlelị maka eziokwu nke mgbasa ozi:<blockquote>Ọdịdị nke mgbasa ozi taa bụ nke na eziokwu adịghị mkpa. Ihe bụ eziokwu na ihe ziri ezi nye ọha na eze bụ ihe mgbasa ozi kọwapụtara dị ka eziokwu na nke ziri ezi. Ronald Reagan ghọtara na eziokwu ndị ahụ adịghị mkpa. Ndị mgbasa ozi kọrọ ihe o kwuru dị ka eziokwu. Nnyocha naesote bụ "akụkọ ochie". Nkwupụta isi okwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ Mọnde karịrị mkpughe nke ezighị ezi ekpughere na obere igbe dị n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ na Tuesday ma ọ bụ Wednesday.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|url=https://archive.org/details/earthforce00paul|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}</ref></blockquote>Watson kwuru nụzọ doro anya banyere ihe ọ ghọtara na ọ bụ enweghị eziokwu na mgbasa ozi: "Ọ bụrụ na ị maghị azịza, eziokwu, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, mgbe ahụ, soro ihe nlereanya nke onye isi ala America ma mee dị ka Ronald Reagan mere - mee ya ozugbo ma nyefee ozi ahụ nenweghị obi ike na n'enweghị mgbagha. "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|url=https://archive.org/details/earthforce00paul|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Militants sink two of Iceland's Whaling Vessels|work=New York Times|date=1986-11-10}}</ref> Nakwụkwọ sochirinụ, Ocean Warrior, Watson gbasaa n'echiche a, naekwu, sị: "Ịdị ndụ na omenala mgbasa ozi pụtara ịzụlite nkà iji ghọta ma chịkwaa mgbasa ozi iji nweta ebumnuche atụmatụ".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|title=Ocean Warrior|url=https://archive.org/details/oceanwarriormyba0000wats|location=Toronto, Canada|publisher=Key Porter Books|year=1994|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oceanwarriormyba0000wats/page/23 23]–24}}</ref> Nafọ 2007, Watson kọwara echiche ya banyere nchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa na ọdịnihu maka ụmụ mmadụ nihi ọrụ ha na mkpochapụ Holocene, nke ọ naezo aka na ya dị ka "ihe omume igbu onwe onye nke Holocenic hominid":<blockquote>Taa, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ naarịwanye elu agafeela ikike ibu zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ugbu a na-emepụta nnukwu ihe siri ike, mmiri, na ihe mkpofu gas [.Ọ dịghị obodo mmadụ kwesịrị ibu karịa mmadụ 20,000 ma kewapụ ya na obodo ndị ọzọ site na mpaghara ọzara [.] Anyị kwesịrị iji nlezianya belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ruo ihe naerughị otu ijeri [.] Ịgwọ ọrịa kansa chọrọ ọgwụgwọ siri ike na nke naawakpo, ya mere, ịgwọ biosphere nke nje mmadụ ga-achọkwa ụzọ siri ike naawawakpo [.Ònye kwesịrị inwe ụmụ? Ndị naahụ maka ọrụ ma naetinye onwe ha kpamkpam nọrụ nke bụ nezie obere pasent nke ụmụ mmadụ.<ref name="seashepherdOrgWatson">{{Cite web|url=https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/commentary/the-beginning-of-the-end-for-life-as-we-know-it-on-planet-earth.html|title=The Beginning of the End for Life as We Know it on Planet Earth?|author=Watson|first=Paul|publisher=Sea Shepherd|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101012958/https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/commentary/the-beginning-of-the-end-for-life-as-we-know-it-on-planet-earth.html|archivedate=2020-01-01}}</ref></blockquote> == Arụmụka == === Nkewapụ ya na Greenpeace === Paul Watson gara nihu dị ka onye ọrụ, onye isi, na onye isi ụgbọ mmiri (na 1972) nọtụtụ njem Greenpeace netiti afọ ndị 1970. Ọ naewere onwe ya dị ka onye guzobere Greenpeace na [[Greenpeace|Greenpeace International]], ihe [[Greenpeace]] naese okwu nagbanyeghị na a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ihe ngosi ahụ, How to Change the World nke naegosi na Watson bụ nezie [[Otu esi agbanwe ụwa (ihe nkiri)|''otu'']]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/how-change-world-sundance-review-766087|title='How to Change the World': Sundance Review|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 23, 2015}}</ref> nime ndị guzobere Green Peace.<ref name="watson:founders">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|title=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society: Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson 'Disappear'|publisher=Seashepherd.org|date=2008-05-15|accessdate=2011-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=4 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|title=Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|publisher=Greenpeace|date=2008-12-17|accessdate=2012-11-22|archivedate=2014-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826061748/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/}}</ref> Watson boro Greenpeace ebubo na ha naede akụkọ ihe mere eme ha.<ref name="watson:founders" /> Nafọ 1977, a chụpụrụ Watson na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke Greenpeace site na votu nke 11 na 1 (Watson nonwe ya tụbara otu vootu megide ya).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2008/12/25/sticking-it-to-the-man-21st-century-styl|title=Interview with Paul Watson|work=[[Village Voice]]|publisher=Thepeoplesvoice.org|date=December 25, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/paul-watson|title=History of Paul Watson|date=November 3, 2008|publisher=Greenpeace|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103090124/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/paul-watson|archivedate=November 3, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref> Ndị otu ahụ chere na àgwà ya siri ike, "ihu na etiti" ma naekwukarị mmegide na nkọwa Greenpeace nke "enweghị ime ihe ike" bụ nkewa.<ref name="SBindependent">{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.com/news/2009/jan/29/sbiff-09-saving-seas|title=SBIFF '09: Saving the Seas Documentary Follows Paul Watson on Marine Crusades|author=Large|first=Joey|date=January 29, 2009|work=The Santa Barbara Independent|accessdate=February 12, 2009}}</ref> Watson mechara hapụ otu ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ, otu ahụ akpọwo omume ya n'oge ahụ dị ka nke "onye nnupụisi" n'ime ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and|title=Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|date=December 21, 2008|publisher=Greenpeace|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221020449/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and|archivedate=December 21, 2008|accessdate=February 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Warriors of the Rainbow: A Chronicle of the Greenpeace Movement|author=Hunter|first=Robert|isbn=978-0-03-043741-0|publisher=Henry Holt & Company, Inc.|year=1979}}</ref> Notu afọ ahụ, o guzobere otu nke ya, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.<ref name="NEVER">{{Cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20100209zg.html|title=Watson to whalers: We will never surrender|date=February 9, 2010|work=The Japan Times|accessdate=February 20, 2010}}</ref> Noge a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ na CBC Radio nafọ 1978, Watson kwuru okwu megide Greenpeace (yana òtù ndị ọzọ) na ọrụ ha na ebumnuche ha maka mkpọsa mgbochi akara.<ref name="CBC Radio">{{Cite news|title=CBC interview of Paul Watson|author=Frum|first=Barbara|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Watson boro òtù ndị a ebubo na ha naeme mkpọsa megide ịchụ nta seal nke Canada nihi na ọ bụ ụzọ dị mfe iji nweta ego ma bụrụ onye naeme uru maka òtù ndị ahụ.<ref name="CBC Radio" /> Greenpeace akpọwo Watson onye naeme ihe ike ma ọ gaghịzi ekwu maka ọrụ ya.<ref name="Telegraph 2009-04-17"/> === Ebubo na ikpe === A mara Watson ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị iri ma kwụọ ya $ 8,000 maka omume ya noge ngagharị iwe maka ịchụ nta seal na Canada na 1980, mgbe a mara ya ikpe maka ịwakpo onye ọrụ ịkụ azụ. Watson jere ozi ya na Her Majesty's Penitentiary, St. John's, Newfoundland na Labrador. A chọpụtakwara na ikpe mara ya nokpuru Iwu Nchedo Seal maka ite ụmụ nkịta seal naacha uhie uhie iji mee ka akpụkpọ ha ghara ịdị ọnụ ahịa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hunt disrupter gets 10 days in Quebec jail|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1GUxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1227,81403&dq=paul+watson+convicted&hl=en|accessdate=September 17, 2010|work=The Montreal Gazette|date=March 11, 1980|page=14}}</ref> E jidere Watson na 1993 na Canada maka ebubo sitere na mmegide megide ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ Cuban na Spanish n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Newfoundland.<ref name="guardian.uk">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2002/jun/03/fish.food|title=Champion of seas faces attempted murder case|author=Campbell|first=Duncan|date=June 3, 2002|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|accessdate=February 12, 2009}}</ref> Nafọ 1997, ụlọ ikpe dị na Lofoten, Norway, mara Watson ikpe n'enweghị onye ọ bụla ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị 120 maka ebubo nke ịnwa imebi obere ụgbọ mmiri Norwegian naegbu azụ na igbu whale ''Nybrænna'' na Disemba 26, 1992.<ref name="db">{{Cite news|title=Hvalsabotør går fri|work=[[Dagbladet]]|date=December 14, 1997|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/1997/12/14/46028.html|language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.highnorth.no/Library/Other_Texts/en-en-n.htm|title=Reine – a Norwegian Fishing and Whaling Community|publisher=Highnorth.no|date=May 14, 1993|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref> Ndị ọchịchị Dutch jụrụ inyefe ya naka ndị ọchịchị Norway ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọrọ ụbọchị 80 nlọ mkpọrọ na [[Netherlands]] naechere mkpebi maka ịnyefe ya tupu a tọhapụ ya.<ref name="db" /> Enweghị mgbalị ọ bụla gara nke ọma nịkụ Watson ikpe maka ọrụ ya na Sea Shepherd kemgbe ikpe ahụ na Newfoundland. Watson naagbachitere omume ya dị ka nke dabara nime iwu mba ụwa, ọkachasị ikike Sea Shepherd nwere itinye iwu ụgbọ mmiri megide ndị naegbu whale na ndị naachụ seal nụzọ iwu naakwadoghị.<ref name="independent.uk">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/the-saviours-of-the-whale-758746.html|title=The saviours of the whale|author=Taylor|first=Jerome|date=November 20, 2007|work=The Independent|accessdate=February 12, 2009}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Paul_watson_protest_crop.jpg|thumb|Paul Watson na-eduga ngagharị iwe megide igbu whale Makah, Port Angeles, Washington, 1998.]] Ndị naeme ngagharị iwe na Sea Shepherd [[Rod Coronado]] na David Howitt gara [[Iceland]] na 1986 wee kụtuo ụgbọ mmiri abụọ naegbu whale na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Reykjavík ma mebie ụlọ ọrụ naemepụta anụ whale. Watson weere ọrụ maka ọrụ ahụ, naagbaso ụkpụrụ Sea Shepherd e bipụtara.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLu5C4sYa_kC&q=Case+studies+in+environmental+ethics+hvalur&pg=PA28|title=Case Studies in Environmental Ethics – Patrick George Derr, Edward M. McNamara – Google Books|isbn=9780742531376|accessdate=May 22, 2014|author=Derr|first=Patrick George|year=2003}}</ref> Ọ gara Iceland naekwu, "Abụ m ọrụ maka ọrụ niile a naeme naha Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Ana m enye iwu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/WATSON-THE-VICTOR-Does-terrorism-pay-off-in-Iceland|title=The Reykjavik Grapevine – Life, Travel and Entertainment in Iceland / WATSON THE VICTOR Does terrorism pay off in Iceland?|language=is|publisher=Grapevine.is|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522123838/http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/WATSON-THE-VICTOR-Does-terrorism-pay-off-in-Iceland|archivedate=May 22, 2014}}</ref> A chụpụrụ ya nbughị ya ebubo ma Iceland naewere ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOw9avKdtGsC&q=%22paul+watson%22+iceland+%22persona+non+grata%22&pg=PA33|title=Operation Bite Back: Rod Coronado's War to Save American Wilderness – Dean Kuipers – Google Books|isbn=9781608191420|accessdate=May 22, 2014|author=Kuipers|first=Dean|date=July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Dan Murphy|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2009/1029/south-park-puts-spotlight-on-paul-watson-and-his-whale-wars|title=South Park puts spotlight on Paul Watson and his "Whale Wars"|publisher=CSMonitor.com|date=October 29, 2009|accessdate=May 22, 2014}}</ref> Nọnwa Eprel afọ 2010, ndị naeche nche nụsọ oké osimiri nke Japan nwetara akwụkwọ ikike ijide Watson "...nihi ebubo nke inye iwu ka e mebie ọrụ megide ụgbọ mmiri naegbu whale nke Japan", Interpol edepụtara ya dịka achọrọ ya na arịrịọ nke Japan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/apr/30/japan-whaling-sea-shepherd|title=Japan obtains arrest warrant for anti-whaling group leader|work=The Guardian|date=April 30, 2010|accessdate=May 17, 2010|first=Justin|author=McCurry}}</ref> Nkwupụta uhie ahụ nwere ebubo ndị Japan nyere dị ka, "Nkebi n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, mmebi nke ihe onwunwe, mgbochi siri ike nke azụmahịa, mmerụ ahụ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2010-28800|title=Interpol|publisher=Interpol.int|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091534/http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2010-28800}}</ref> Nọnwa Machị afọ 2012, Interpol wepụtara "nkwupụta edere na mba 190 niile so na ya naeme ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị ebipụta Red Notice" maka njide Watson, mana ọ gbanwere ọnọdụ ahụ na Septemba afọ 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120514|title=N20120514 / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=May 14, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522090424/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120514}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120914|title=N20120914 / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=September 14, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091553/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120914}}</ref> Nime nkwupụta abụọ ahụ, Interpol kwuru na "Red Notice abụghị akwụkwọ ikike ijide mba ụwa" na ọ bụ "arịrịọ maka mba ọ bụla iji mata ma ọ bụ chọta onye ọ bụla iji jide ma nyefee ya dịka iwu mba ahụ si dị". [[Usòrò:Free_Paul_Watson_sign.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama na-akpọ maka iwepụ ebubo megide Watson]] Nọnwa Mee afọ 2012, ndị ọchịchị Germany jidere Watson nọdụ ụgbọ elu Frankfurt nihi arịrịọ sitere naka gọọmentị Costa Rica. Ebubo ahụ sitere na esemokwu dị noké osimiri nafọ 2002 nke Sea Shepherd kwuru na ụgbọ mmiri nke ọzọ naeme ka ụgbụ ụgbụ naakwadoghị na mmiri Guatemala. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ọzọ boro Sea Shepherd ebubo ịnwa igbu ha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/14/paul-watson-arrested_n_1513694.html|title=Paul Watson Arrested: Sea Shepherd Says Founder Arrested In Germany|work=The Huffington Post|date=May 14, 2012|accessdate=May 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/antiwhaling-activist-paul-watson-arrested-for-ramming-boat-10-years-ago-7746817.html|date=May 15, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012|first=Adams|author=Guy|work=The Independent|title=Anti-whaling activist Paul Watson arrested for ramming boat 10 years ago}}</ref> E boro Watson ebubo imebi iwu ụgbọ mmiri site na ịdọ aka ná ntị Interpol na-ekwu ebubo ahụ dị ka peligro de naufragio ("''ihe ize ndụ nke ụgbọ mmiri''").<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/germany-detains-activist-captain-connected-with-whale-wars|title=Germany Detains Activist "Whale Wars" Captain|work=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2012|accessdate=May 29, 2012|author=Slivka, Kelly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2013-60414|title=Interpol|publisher=Interpol.int|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091408/http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2013-60414}}</ref> Esemokwu ahụ mere n'oge a na-ese ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri Sharkwater ma ndị ọkàiwu wepụrụ ebubo ahụ mgbe egosiri vidiyo nke ihe omume ahụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri mere. Na Mee 21, a tọhapụrụ Watson na mgbapụta nke € 250,000 mana achọrọ ka ọ kọọrọ ndị uwe ojii na Frankfurt kwa ụbọchị.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson released on bail after arrest in Germany|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/05/21/sea-shepherd-founder-paul-watson-released-on-bail-after-arrest-in-germany|work=National Post|date=May 21, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.insidecostarica.com/dailynews/2012/june/29/costarica120062904.htm|title=Paul Watson Urges Costa Rica to Drop Charges|date=June 29, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun, Costa Rica rịọrọ ka e nyefee Watson na Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Foreign Ministry to send Paul Watson extradition request to German authorities Tuesday|url=http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Foreign-Ministry-to-send-Paul-Watson-extradition-request-to-German-authorities-Tuesday_Monday-June-11-2012|work=Tico times|date=June 11, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012|archive-date=July 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712045909/http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Foreign-Ministry-to-send-Paul-Watson-extradition-request-to-German-authorities-Tuesday_Monday-June-11-2012/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Julaị 19, 2012, Japan tinyere akwụkwọ maka iwu mgbapụta ma Watson hapụrụ Germany, nke mere ka ụlọ ikpe Germany nye iwu ka e jide ya ozugbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/07/25/canadian-born-anti-whaling-crusader-skips-bail-in-germany-for-unknown-destination|title=Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson skips bail in Germany for 'unknown destination' &#124; National Post|publisher=News.nationalpost.com|date=July 25, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18996972|title=Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson 'flees Germany'|work=BBC News|accessdate=August 15, 2012|date=July 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bigpondnews.com/articles/World/2012/07/26/Sea_Shepherd_founder_skips_bail_775988.html|title=Sea Shepherd founder skips bail &#124; World|publisher=BigPond News|date=July 26, 2012|accessdate=August 13, 2012}}</ref> A ghọtara na iwu nke njedebe na ebubo Costa Rican ya ga-agwụ na June 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Interpol-alert-says-Paul-Watson-has-escaped-from-Germany_Monday-July-23-2012|title=Interpol alert says Paul Watson has escaped from Germany / News Briefs / Current Edition / Costa Rica Newspaper, The Tico Times|publisher=Ticotimes.net|date=July 23, 2012|accessdate=August 13, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813032632/http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Interpol-alert-says-Paul-Watson-has-escaped-from-Germany_Monday-July-23-2012|archivedate=August 13, 2012}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Interpol megharịrị Red Notice maka Watson na ebubo nke "ịkpata ihe ize ndụ nke mmiri ma ọ bụ ọdachi ụgbọelu" nke Costa Rica setịpụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120807Bis|title=N20120807Bis / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091549/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120807Bis}}</ref> A kọrọ na Watson ga-esi na nzuzo pụta iji sonyere Sea Shepherd na mkpọsa 2012-13 megide igbu whale na Japan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20121123f1.html|title=Sea Shepherd seeks to intercept whalers closer to Japan|work=The Japan Times|date=November 23, 2012|accessdate=November 23, 2012|author=Godoy, Jody}}</ref> Watson laghachiri na ndị ọrụ nke ''Steve Irwin'' na South Pacific na ngwụcha Nọvemba 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org.au/commentary-and-editorials/2013/01/07/statement-from-captain-paul-watson-592|title=Sea Shepherd Australia :: Statement from Captain Paul Watson|publisher=Seashepherd.org.au|date=January 7, 2013|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archivedate=August 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828165507/http://www.seashepherd.org.au/commentary-and-editorials/2013/01/07/statement-from-captain-paul-watson-592}}</ref> Na Machị 2019, Costa Rica wepụrụ ebubo niile megide Watson ma wepụ ọkwa uhie nke Interpol.<ref name="maritime-executive.com"/> Na Julaị 21, 2024, ndị ọchịchị Danish nwụchiri ya na Greenland n'ihi ọkwa na-acha uhie uhie nke Japan nyere ya megide ya na 2012. Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri mara ọkwa njide ya. Òtù ahụ na-akatọ mkpebi a, na-arụ ụka na "mgbe e biputere ya na ntanetị ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọkwa ahụ apụwo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya site na weebụsaịtị Interpol, na-eduga Paul Watson na ndị ọka iwu ya ikwere na ọ nwere onwe ya ugbu a na mmegharị ya".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/greenland-anti-whaling-campaigner-paul-watson-japan-e8b736ac41ced122482ba446fdcba713|title=Anti-whaling campaigner arrested in Greenland and police say he may be extradited to Japan|work=AP News|date=July 21, 2024|accessdate=July 21, 2024|author=Agence Press}}</ref> === Ọnọdụ mbata nke Sierra Club === N'afọ 1999, Watson gbara ọsọ na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka ntuli aka na Sierra Club Board of Directors nke mba ahụ, na nkwado nke otu Sierrans na-emegide ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ maka US Population Stabilization (SUSPS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2015/takeover-timeline|title=A 'Takeover' Timeline|accessdate=January 19, 2018}}</ref> Mgbe a họpụtara ya na bọọdụ na 2003, Watson kwadoro ndepụta na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke ndị na-akwado nchịkwa mbata na ọpụpụ siri ike dị ka akụkụ nke iwu nkwụsi ike nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Onye ọzọ na-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka ahụ, Morris Dees nke Southern Poverty Law Center, katọrọ mgbalị a dị ka "nnukwu mmegide" nke "ndị na-emegide ndị mbịarambịa".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Davila|first=Florangela|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20040218&slug=sierra18m|title=Immigration dispute spawns factions, anger in Sierra Club]|publisher=Seattle Times|date=2004-02-18|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2012-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001212355/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20040218&slug=sierra18m}}</ref> Watson zaghachiri site n'ikwu na naanị mgbanwe ọ na-achọ n'ọnọdụ mbata nke nzukọ ahụ bụ iweghachi ọnọdụ ọ nwere tupu "iwu nnọpụiche" ya na 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Pedro|author=Monteiro|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-040406-1.html|title=Questions and Answers About the Sierra Club Elections: An Interview with Sierra Club Director Paul Watson|date=2004-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218001737/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-040406-1.html|archivedate=2009-02-18}}</ref> Watson hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Sierra Club n'afọ 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sierraclub.org/history/officers/directors.pdf|title=Roster of Sierra Club Directors|publisher=Sierra Club|accessdate=October 23, 2009|archivedate=January 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107145205/http://www.sierraclub.org/history/officers/directors.pdf}}</ref> === Ọrụ mgbochi akara === N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, Watson kwuru na, ọ bụ ezie na ọnwụ nke ndị Canada atọ na-achụ nta seal (nke anọ ka na-efu) n'ihe mberede mmiri metụtara ụgbọ mmiri Canadian Coast Guard na ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ n'oge 2008 Canadian Commercial Seal Hunt bụ ọdachi, o chere na igbu ọtụtụ narị puku seal bụ ọdachi ka ukwuu. Minista na-ahụ maka ịkụ azụ na Canada Loyola Hearn boro Watson ebubo na ọ na-eme ka ncheta nke ndị na-egbu egbu ghara ịdị mfe. Watson zaghachiri na Hearn na-anwa ịdọpụ uche n'enweghị ike nke gọọmentị ya ka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ikom ahụ nọ na ya tụgharịrị mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ndị nche mmiri nke Canada na-adọkpụ ya, ebe ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya nọgidere na-akwado ma na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ebe na narị afọ nke 21.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/editorials/editorial_080404_1.html|title=Sea Shepherd – I'm Not Ready To Make Nice|accessdate=July 27, 2008|work=Sea Shepherd Society website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907063308/http://seashepherd.org/editorials/editorial_080404_1.html|archivedate=September 7, 2008}}</ref> N'afọ 1978, Watson gosipụtara mmegide megide nzukọ nnupụisi ịchụ nta, na-atụ aro n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Barbara Frum nke CBC na ịchekwa akara bụ ihe dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe ịnakọta ego nakwa na akara ekwesịghị ọnọdụ pụrụ iche karịa ụdị ndị ọzọ. Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams kwuru, sị, "Echere m na ihe ọtụtụ ndị na-amaghị bụ na nwoke a bụ onye na-eyi ọha egwu".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/04/14/williams-watson.html|title=Williams assails anti-sealing activist Watson as 'terrorist'|publisher=CBC|date=April 14, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref><ref name="CTV.ca 2008-04-14">{{Cite news|title=Sealing activists bailed out with bag of toonies|date=April 14, 2008|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sealing-activists-bailed-out-with-bag-of-toonies-1.289041|work=CTV.ca|accessdate=September 7, 2009|archive-date=March 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305125126/https://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20080413/farley_protest_080414/20080414?hub=CanadaAM&subhub=PrintStory|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Nsogbu visa Australia === Nọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2009, Watson, onye naebu paspọtụ US, mere mkpesa na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi banyere ịjụ arịrịọ ya maka visa [[Ostraliya|Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Sea-Shepherd-undeterred-by-US-court-order/tabid/417/articleID/280961/Default.aspx|title=Sea Shepherd undeterred by US court order|publisher=[[3 News]]|date=2012-12-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729164906/http://www.3news.co.nz/Sea-Shepherd-undeterred-by-US-court-order/tabid/417/articleID/280961/Default.aspx|archivedate=2014-07-29}}</ref> Ọ naekwu na gọọmentị Australia naanwa imebi mkpọsa Sea Shepherd nke 2010 naabịanụ site nịjụ ya ịbanye na mba ahụ. Watson na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ enweghị ike isonyere ''Steve Irwin'' na njem nkwalite ya na Australia ruo mgbe ha nwere ike inye akwụkwọ sitere na gọọmentị nke United States, Canada na Norway, naewepụ ha nomume ime ihe ike a naekwu na mbụ, ọkachasị nkwupụta nke Sea Shepherd nke ịkpachara anya naemikpu ụgbọ mmiri na Norway.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 5, 2009|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/outposts/2009/10/whale-wars.html|title=Whale wars saga begins with Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson under investigation &#124; Outposts &#124; Los Angeles Times|publisher=Latimesblogs.latimes.com|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=October 8, 2009|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/outposts/2009/10/sea-shepherds-frustrated-capt-paul-watson-lashes-out-against-australia.html|title=Sea Shepherd's frustrated Capt. Paul Watson lashes out at Australia &#124; Outposts &#124; Los Angeles Times|publisher=Latimesblogs.latimes.com|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26186894-12335,00.html|title=Rudd 'betrayed Aussies on whaling' &#124; The Australian|publisher=Theaustralian.news.com.au|date=October 9, 2009|accessdate=October 31, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015083316/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26186894-12335,00.html|archivedate=October 15, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/whale-activist-hits-visa-hurdle-20091004-ghwm.html|title=Whale activist hits visa hurdle|work=The Age|date=October 5, 2009|accessdate=October 31, 2009|first=Andrew|author=Darby}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2013, ndị Krautungalung nke Ginai Nation nyere Paul Watson paspọtụ Aboriginal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://article.wn.com/view/WNAT8D6AAB032100EF9813C9E996D12C7010|title=Captain Paul Watson Granted Original Nation Passport (Sea Shepherd Conservation Society) - Worldnews.com|publisher=Article.wn.com|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522144116/http://article.wn.com/view/WNAT8D6AAB032100EF9813C9E996D12C7010}}</ref> === Ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ịgba égbè === [[Usòrò:Paul_Watson_2005.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Paul Watson na ndị ọrụ ''[[RV Farley Mowat|Farley Mowat]]'' na 2005]] Na Machị 17, 2008, Watson kwuru na ndị [[Ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|ọrụ]] Japan ma ọ bụ ndị naeche nche nụsọ [[Southern Ocean|oké osimiri]] gbara ya égbè noge Operation Migaloo na-emegide igbu whale na Southern Ocean. A na-edekọ ihe omume ahụ noge oge ikpeazụ nke oge 1 nke ihe ngosi Whale Wars TV, a na-ekpuchi ihe omume isii mbụ dị ka ihe naeme ka ihe ngosi dị ka isi ihe mere noge mkpọsa ahụ. Ndị Japan zaghachiri site na ịtụ bọmbụ grenade, otu onye ọrụ ahụ merụrụ ahụ site na bọmbụ naagbawa n'azụ ya na onye ọzọ merụrụ ahụ naagbalị ịgbanahụ mgbawa ahụ.<ref name="smh20080307">{{Cite news|title=Japan denies Sea Shepherd claims|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=March 7, 2008|url=http://news.smh.com.au/japan-denies-sea-shepherd-claims/20080307-1xv6.html|accessdate=February 25, 2010}}</ref> A naegosi Watson ka ọ na-abanye n'ime jaket ya na ihe agha ahụ ya ma naekwu "A kụrụ m". Laa azụ n'ime àkwà mmiri nke ''Steve Irwin'', a hụrụ iberibe ígwè n'ime uwe elu ahụ.<ref name="BBC 2008-03-07">{{Cite news|title=Protester says whalers shot him|work=BBC News|date=March 7, 2008|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7282760.stm|accessdate=June 5, 2009}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ naahụ maka nyocha Cetacean naagbagha nkwupụta Sea Shepherd. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ndị naeche nche nụsọ oké osimiri kwuru na ha jiri grenade asaa mee ihe iji mee ka onye a naachọ daa mbà ruo nwa oge site nime ka ha kpuru ìsì ma kpọọ nkụ ruo oge ụfọdụ.<ref name="smh20080307"/> Gọọmentị Japan kwukwara na ndị naegbu whale na-agbapụ "ụgbọ ụzụ", nke a kọwara dị ka "ihe mgbochi mgbawa naegbuke egbuke".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Japan denies shooting at Sea Shepherd ship|author=McLeod|first=Shane|work=ABC News|date=March 8, 2008|publisher=ABC: News: World|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-03-07/japan-denies-shooting-at-sea-shepherd-ship/1065896?section=world|accessdate=August 22, 2014}}</ref> Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla nime akụkọ abụọ ahụ naemegiderịta onwe ha ka a kwadoro. Ngalaba naahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke Australia katọrọ "omume ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla naakpata mmerụ ahụ". E wepụtara mgbasa ozi abụọ n'otu ụbọchị site nọfịs ahụ. Otu kwuru na ndị Japan gwara ndị nnọchi anya Australia nọ na Tokyo na ndị naegbu whale "gburu égbè ịdọ aka ná ntị" ebe mbipụta emelitere jiri okwu ahụ bụ "'ịdọ aka ná aka ná ntị' - nke a makwaara dị ka 'flashbangs' - agbaala ya égbè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2008/fa-s048_08.html|title=Incident in the Southern Ocean – The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs|publisher=Foreignminister.gov.au|date=March 7, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2008/fa-s049_08.html|title=Incident in the Southern Ocean – Update – The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs|publisher=Foreignminister.gov.au|date=March 7, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}</ref> === Ebubo nke iyi ọha egwu === Gọọmentị Japan akpọwo Watson onye naeyi ọha egwu gburugburu ebe obibi maka usoro mmegide ya megide ndị naegbu whale, ọ kwughachikwara ọnọdụ ya mgbe esemokwu gasịrị noge oge igbu whale nke 2009-10.<ref name="Telegraph 2009-04-17"/> Na mgbakọ naahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ nafọ 2002, e hotara Paul Watson ka ọ naekwu, "Ọ dịghị ihe dị njọ na ịbụ onye naeyi ọha egwu, ọ bụrụhaala na ị meriri. Mgbe ahụ ị naede akụkọ ihe mere eme".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Douglass F. Rohrman|year=2004|title=Environmental Terrorism|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|volume=2|issue=6|doi=10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0332:ET]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Nafọ 2010, onye naakọwa Fox News bụ Glenn Beck kwurịtakwara nkọwa ahụ, na-akatọ echiche Watson.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Surprised Massachusetts Race Is Close?|author=Glenn Beck|publisher=Fox News|date=January 18, 2010|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,583319,00.html|accessdate=January 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212342/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,583319,00.html|archive-date=January 22, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Watson zaghachiri ihe Beck kwuru na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sea Shepherd site nikwu na o kwuru na nke ahụ mana ewepụrụ ya nihe gbara ya gburugburu, na-ehota Gerald Seymour's "Otu nwoke na-eyi ọha egwu bụ onye agha nnwere onwe ọzọ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/editorial-100121-1.html|title=Glenn Beck – The Father of Freaky Fox Facts, Fables, Farces and Fantasies|first=Paul|author=Watson|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|date=January 21, 2010|accessdate=January 24, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328062422/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/editorial-100121-1.html|archivedate=March 28, 2010}}</ref> === Nkwupụta naesote ala ọma jijiji na tsunami na 2011 Tohoku === A katọrọ Watson maka uri ya bipụtara ozugbo naesote ala ọma jijiji na tsunami nke Tōhoku nke afọ 2011 nke tụrụ aro na ọdachi ahụ bụ iwe Neptune. Watson zaghachiri ndị nkatọ site na nkọwa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sea Shepherd naekwupụta "nchegbu miri emi na ọmịiko maka ndị Japan naata ahụhụ site na otu nime ọdachi okike kachasị njọ nakụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepeanya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/captpaulwatson/posts/10150154562665932|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314212428/https://www.facebook.com/captpaulwatson/posts/10150154562665932|archivedate=March 14, 2011|title=Tsunami|publisher=Facebook|date=March 12, 2011|accessdate=August 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/commentary-and-editorials/2011/03/14/tears-for-the-land-of-the-rising-sun-13|title=Tears for the Land of the Rising Sun|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|date=March 14, 2011|accessdate=September 15, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051242/http://www.seashepherd.org/commentary-and-editorials/2011/03/14/tears-for-the-land-of-the-rising-sun-13|archivedate=December 15, 2012}}</ref> === Nkatọ nke New Zealand === N'afọ 2013, ụgbọ mmiri atọ nke [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] kwụsịrị na New Zealand, ndị ọchịchị New Zealand chọkwara ha iji hụ ma Watson nọ nụgbọ ahụ. Ọ bụghị, ebe ọ gafere nụgbọ mmiri ọzọ dị na mmiri mba ụwa, ka ọ maara na a chọrọ ka New Zealand gwa Interpol ma ọ bụrụ na ọ banye na mba ahụ. Watson katọrọ ọchụchọ ahụ, na-ebo New Zealand ebubo na ọ naakwado Japan nokwu nke igbu whale na Southern Ocean.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/New-Zealand-siding-with-Japan---anti-whaling-activist/tabid/1160/articleID/282179/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ|title=NZ siding with Japan – anti-whaling activist|date=January 7, 2013|accessdate=January 6, 2013}}</ref> === Nkewa site na Sea Shepherd === Na Septemba 3, 2022, Watson kwupụtara na ọ naahapụ Sea Shepherd ma guzobe otu nzukọ ọhụrụ, Captain Paul Watson Foundation na onye ọrụ ibe ya na enyi ya, Omar Todd. Watson kwuru "ihe mere m ji kpọọ ya nke ahụ bụ nihi na ọ naesiri onye ọ bụla ike ịbanye ma weghara otu nzukọ nke gụnyere aha m".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/news/environment/2022/10/15/the-last-pirate-paul-watson-splits-with-sea-shepherd|title=The last pirate: Paul Watson splits with Sea Shepherd|date=October 15, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzsprout.com/2048673?client_source=large_player&iframe=true&referrer=https://www.buzzsprout.com/2048673.js?container_id=buzzsprout-large-player&player=large#|title=Podcast Episode}}</ref> Na Disemba 2022 ntọala ahụ kwupụtara ụgbọ mmiri mbụ ha, 'John Paul Dejoria II'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.all-creatures.org/strategies/strategies-john-paul-dejoria.html|title=We Have a New Ship: The John Paul DeJoria|author=Watson|first=Paul|publisher=Captain Paul Watson Foundation|work=all-creatures.org|date=December 2022|accessdate=2023-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/eco-warrior-paul-watson-scourge-of-whalers-returns-to-the-seas/6848934.html|title=Eco-warrior Paul Watson, Scourge of Whalers, Returns to the Seas}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume na mmeghachi omume == Watson ekwuola na ọ naghị ele onwe ya anya dị ka 'onye naeme ngagharị iwe', kama ọ bụ onye na'etinye aka', ebe ọ naele ime ngagharị iwe anya dị ka onye na-edo onwe ya nokpuru.<ref name="DOWNED">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article6982236.ece|title=Ady Gil downed by Japanese whalers|date=January 10, 2010|work=The Sunday Times|accessdate=January 10, 2010|first=Peter|author=Millar|archive-date=June 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629141039/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article6982236.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ naemekarị ka ọ naanọchite anya (ma ọ bụ naanọchi anya) mmanye iwu nke naachọghị ma ọ bụ na ọ nweghị ike itinye iwu ndị dị ugbu a n'ọrụ. A na-akpọ ụdị idu ndú ya dị mpako, yana ịkwanye onwe ya "ihu na etiti", nke a kpọtụrụ aha dị ka otu nime ihe kpatara ịchụpụ ya na Greenpeace. E jiri ikuku dị nụgbọ mmiri ya tụnyere "ọgba aghara nke Chineke naachị". Onye bụbu onye otu Sea Shepherd na onye isi ụgbọ mmiri MY Ady Gil [[Pete Bethune]] kọwara Watson dị ka "onye dara ogbenye" onye gaenye iwu ka a kpachara anya kpuo ụgbọ mmiri ya dị ka Ady Gil dị ka ụzọ isi "nweta ọmịiko nebe ọha na eze nọ ma mepụta TV ka mma". Watson gọnahụrụ nke a, naekwu, "Ọ dịghị onye nyere ya iwu ka ọ tụfuo ya. Pete Bethune bụ onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri Ady Gil; mkpebi niile gbasara ''Ady Gil'' bụ nke ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8101062/Activist-says-Sea-Shepherd-sank-its-own-ship|title=Activist says Sea Shepherd sank its own ship|work=9News|date=October 7, 2010|accessdate=January 11, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520154538/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8101062/Activist-says-Sea-Shepherd-sank-its-own-ship|archivedate=May 20, 2012}}</ref> === Onyinye === Paul Watson natara onyinye Jules Verne na Ọktoba 10, 2012. Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ naesote Captain Jacques Cousteau ka a naasọpụrụ ya na Jules Verne Award raara nye ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị njem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/10/16/captain-paul-watson-receives-jules-verne-award-1455|title=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society :: Captain Paul Watson Receives Jules Verne Award|publisher=Seashepherd.org|date=October 16, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110320/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/10/16/captain-paul-watson-receives-jules-verne-award-1455|archivedate=December 24, 2013}}</ref> Na June 28, 2010, Paul natara Asociación de Amigos del Museo de Anclas Philippe Cousteau: Defense of Marine Life Award, iji kwado uru ya nwetara site na ọrụ ọ rụrụ na nchekwa nke ndụ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=La Nueva España|url=http://www.lne.es/aviles/2012/05/17/amigos-museo-anclas-pide-liberacion-premiados/1243002.html|title="Amigos del Museo de Anclas" pide la liberación de uno de sus premiados – La Nueva España – Diario Independiente de Asturias|publisher=Lne.es|date=May 17, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> Nafọ 2002, a kpọbatara Paul na US Animal Rights Hall of Fame maka onyinye ya pụtara ìhè maka nnwere onwe anụmanụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arconference.org/hall-of-fame.htm|title=U.S. Animal Rights Hall of Fame|publisher=Animal Rights Conference|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206180318/http://www.arconference.org/hall-of-fame.htm|archivedate=February 6, 2016}}.</ref> Paul natara George H. W. Bush Daily Points of Light Award na 1999 na 2000, a kpọrọ ya otu nime Time Magazine's Top 20 Environmental Heroes of the 20th Century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pointsoflight.org/programs/recognition/dpol/awards/1404|title=Paul Watson|publisher=Points of Light|date=June 22, 1999|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archive-date=June 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620155227/http://www.pointsoflight.org/programs/recognition/dpol/awards/1404|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Mee 23, 2019, Paul Watson natara otuto site naka Gọvanọ Connecticut Ned Lamont na-ekwu na "State of Connecticut nyere ma nsọpụrụ na nkwanye ùgwù nye Captain Paul Watson".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seashepherd.org/2019/05/24/victory-for-sharks-in-connecticut./|title=Victory for Sharks in Connecticut|date=May 24, 2019|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=August 5, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805081050/https://seashepherd.org/2019/05/24/victory-for-sharks-in-connecticut./}}</ref> Nafọ 2007, Watson natara Amazon Peace Prize nke osote onye isi ala nke [[Ecuador]] Lenin Moreno nyere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/news/archive/captain-watson-receives-the-amazon-peace-prize.html/|title=Captain Watson Receives the Amazon Peace Prize|date=July 12, 2007|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=April 15, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415002825/https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/news/archive/captain-watson-receives-the-amazon-peace-prize.html/}}</ref> === Nkọwa mgbasa ozi === Ron Colby mepụtara ihe ndekọ akụkọ ndụ banyere mmalite ndụ Paul Watson nke akpọrọ Pirate for the Sea na 2008.<ref>{{IMDb title|1308738|Pirate for the Sea}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artistsconfederacy.com/pirateforthesea/|title=Pirate for the Sea|work=www.artistsconfederacy.com|accessdate=January 19, 2018|archivedate=October 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029164047/http://www.artistsconfederacy.com/pirateforthesea/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.siff.net/festival/film/detail.aspx?id=28869&FID=123|title=Seattle International Film Festival listing|accessdate=January 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030033447/http://www.siff.net/festival/film/detail.aspx?id=28869&FID=123|archivedate=October 30, 2012}}</ref> Ihe ngosi 2008 At the Edge of the World kọrọ banyere mbọ Watson na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 45 naagba iji gbochie ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan naegbu whale na mmiri ndị gbara Antarctica gburugburu. Nafọ 2010, enyi ogologo oge na onye naeme ihe nkiri Peter Brown wepụtara ihe ngosi Confessions of an Eco-Terrorist, anya mkparị na afọ 30 gara aga.<ref>{{IMDb title|1720073|Confessions of an Eco-Terrorist}}</ref> Ihe ngosi Eco-Pirate: Akụkọ Paul Watson site na 2011 gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ na ihe nkiri na ndị otu Greenpeace Rex Weyler na Patrick Moore.<ref>{{IMDb title|1794779|Eco-Pirate: The Story of Paul Watson}}</ref> Watson, Whale Wars, na ụlọ ọrụ naegbu whale na Japan ka e mere ka ha bụrụ ihe mkparị na South Park "Whale Whores". Nihe ngosi Larry King ya, a kpọrọ Watson nonwe ya "Onye akwụna mgbasa ozi naenweghị ike nke chere na ọ naagha ụgha nye onye ọ bụla dị mma ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ naọrụ ya" na "Onye ụgha naagba afa, onye naarịa ọrịa ọgwụ ọjọọ naenweghị ntụkwasị obi".<ref name="CMSwhale">{{Cite news|url=http://features.csmonitor.com/globalnews/2009/10/29/south-park-puts-spotlight-on-paul-watson-and-his-whale-wars|title=South Park puts spotlight on Paul Watson and his "Whale Wars"|author=Murphy|first=Dan|date=October 29, 2009|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|accessdate=November 3, 2009|quote=On Wednesday night, the satirists from the cartoon show South Park took aim at the group (and Japanese whalers and, typically, everyone else) in an episode that they named, in their inevitably "classy" fashion, "Whale Whores."}}</ref> Watson zaghachiri na ihe omume South Park site nikwu; "Nghọta m bụ na Praịm Minista Japan enweghị obi ụtọ na ndị naegbu whale na ndị naegbu dolphin naewe iwe nụzọ e si gosipụta ha, "Watson kwuru. "Nke ahụ bụ egwu nye ntị m. Ọ bụrụ na ndị naegbu whale naenweghị ọchị na ndị na'ụlọ akụ nke ndị na igbu dolphin enweghị mmasị na ihe ngosi ahụ, mgbe ahụ, nke ahụ bụ ihe niile m chọrọ iji kụọ ya aka.<ref name="SOUTHPARK">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2009/11/04/fears-jeers-cheers-and-loathing-for-sea-shepherd-in-south-park-288|title=Fears, jeers, cheers and loathing for Sea Shepherd in South Park. An editorial by Captain Paul Watson|date=November 3, 2009|work=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society website|first=Paul|author=Watson|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209163909/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2009/11/04/fears-jeers-cheers-and-loathing-for-sea-shepherd-in-south-park-288|archivedate=February 9, 2013}}</ref> E gosipụtara Watson (ya na onye na-ahụ maka ihe [[Òrìmìlì Pacific|ndị]] dị ndụ whale, Nan Hauser), noge ihe omume ''60 Minutes'' nke gosipụtara na 2013, dị ka onye naenye aka nịlaghachi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ whale [[Megaptera novaeangliae|Humpback]] na South Pacific.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scott Pelley|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/return-of-the-humpbacks/|title=Return of the humpbacks|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=May 8, 2016}}</ref> Ihe nkiri 2019 bụ Watson, nke Lesley Chilcott duziri, gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Watson''. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtakwara na Animal Planet na Disemba 22, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/watson-1205450|title='Watson': Film Review|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=May 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lavanyasunkara/2019/12/22/sea-shepherds-paul-watson-on-conservation-and-how-travelers-can-give-back/#3b47abad79d4|title=Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson on Conservation and How Travelers Can Give Back|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> == Ndepụta nke ọrụ == * Sea Shepherd: My Fight for Whales and Seals (1981) ( ) * ''Ike Ụwa! Akwụkwọ Nduzi nke Onye Agha Ụwa Maka Atụmatụ'' (1993) ( ) * Ocean Warrior: Agha m iji kwụsị igbu ọchụ iwu na-akwadoghị n'oké osimiri (1994) ( ) * ''Agha'' akara: Afọ iri abụọ na ise n'ihu na akara ụbọ akwara (2002) ( ) * Onye nyere aka na ''ndị naeyi ọha egwu ma ọ bụ ndị naalụ ọgụ'' nnwere onwe?: Reflections on the Liberations of Animals (2004) ( ) * ''Ike Ụwa! Akwụkwọ nduzi nke onye agha ụwa maka atụmatụ nke abụọ'' (2012) * ''Agha nke Zọpụtara Whales'' (2019) * ''Abụ'' sitere na Southern Ocean (2020) * The Haunted Mariner (2020) * Imeso Mgbanwe ihu igwe na nrụgide (2020) * ''Orcapedia'' (2020) * Akụkọ ifo: Theology, Ecology and the General Insanity of Humanity (2020) * ''Ọnwụ'' nke Whale (2021) * ''Ọ dị Uche! Zọpụta Oké Osimiri Anyị Ka Anyị Zọpụta Mgbanwe ihu igwe'' (2021) == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-echekwa ihe * Ndepụta nke ndị na-eri nri == Ihe odide == {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5166346/Paul-Watson-Sea-Shepherd-eco-warrior-fighting-to-stop-whaling-and-seal-hunts.html|title=Paul Watson: Sea Shepherd eco-warrior fighting to stop whaling and seal hunts|access-date=July 15, 2009|date=April 17, 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420214019/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5166346/Paul-Watson-Sea-Shepherd-eco-warrior-fighting-to-stop-whaling-and-seal-hunts.html|archive-date=April 20, 2009}} {{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10619393|title=Hardline warrior in war to save the whale|date=January 11, 2010|agency=[[The Observer]]|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=November 2, 2011}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ja0g41fbse27cjnl1k1402sbej43wkt 0 29406 728339 139663 2026-09-26T22:45:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Rodrigo A. Medellin en una comunidad rural de México.jpg|thumb|]] [[Usòrò:Rodrigo A. Medellin en una comunidad rural de México.jpg|thumb|Rodrigo Medellín]] Rodrigo A. Medellín bụ ọkachamara n'ihe banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ na Mexico na Prọfesọ Senior nke Ecology na Institute of Ecology, University of Mexico (UNAM).[1] Amara maka ọrụ ya na bat, [2] [3] jaguar, [4] [5] bighorn atụrụ [6] na nchekwa ụdị ndị ọzọ, [7] emebere nyocha ya mgbe niile iji nye ndụmọdụ nchekwa nchekwa na mkpebi nchekwa. ime usoro na Mexico na mba 16 ndị ọzọ maka ihe karịrị afọ 40. Medellín na-eji ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta osisi-anụmanụ, usoro ihe ọmụmụ biology, na ihe ọmụmụ molecular dozie nsogbu nchekwa. Ya na ndị otu ya emebela ma mejuputa atụmatụ atọ ebe nyocha, mmụta gburugburu ebe obibi, na omume nchekwa na-abanyeghachi n'ime ibe ya ma na-enye aka na mmepe nke ihe omume na ọrụ ya. A maara ya dị ka onye prọfesọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na-eduzi usoro mmụta na nkuzi mgbe niile, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka onye na-ekwurịta okwu na onye nkuzi nke a na-achọ n'ụwa nile.. ''<ref>{{Cite book|author=Medellin|first=Rodrigo A.|title=Community ecology and conservation of mammals in a Mayan tropical rain forest and abandoned agricultural fields|date=1992|publisher=University of Florida Dissertation|location=Gainesville, FL|url=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00064779/00001|accessdate=April 10, 2021}}</ref>''.Medellin nwetara akara ugo mmụta bayoloji site na UNAM na 1986 site na tesis La comunidad de murciélagos de Chajul Chiapas[1]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Florida, na Gainesville, Florida. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta PhD site n'akwụkwọ nta akụkọ Community ecology na ichekwa ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke Mayan na ubi ọrụ ugbo gbahapụrụ [2]. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-21|title=Can the Bat Man of Mexico also be Tequila's Super Hero?|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/rodrigoa-medellin-explorer-moments-bat-agave|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Science|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313203654/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/rodrigoa-medellin-explorer-moments-bat-agave|archive-date=2021-03-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=(PDF) Save Our Bats, Save Our Tequila: Industry and Science Join Forces to Help Bats and Agaves|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309018902_Save_Our_Bats_Save_Our_Tequila_Industry_and_Science_Join_Forces_to_Help_Bats_and_Agaves|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=ResearchGate|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Pérez|first=Santiago|date=2017-09-05|title=Rejoice, Tequila Drinkers! Now You Can Be Socially Responsible|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/rejoice-tequila-drinkers-now-you-can-be-socially-responsible-too-1504631188|accessdate=2021-08-12}}</ref>Mmetụta Medellín na nchekwa dị ịrịba ama, ebe ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ nke Commission of Natural Protected Areas (CONANP), ọrụ ya emewo ka mgbake nke ụdị dị ize ndụ dị ka obere ogologo imi ma ọ bụ tequila Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), ịmepụta ọhụrụ. Ebe echedoro eke, nleba anya nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi site na ụsụ, na imepụta mmemme nchekwa na nkwado nke ụlọ ọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bat Friendly tequila na mmemme mezcal na-aghọ ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ ngwa ngwa Medellín bụ Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP) so na IBES (UNEP), Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, [1] Ọrụ ya na-amụ na ichebe mammals agbasawo ọtụtụ kọntinent, otu, ma na-emetụta isiokwu abụọ ahụ site na sayensị. nchoputa etinyere na iwu. Medellín bụ onye mbụ na-abụghị U.S., onye na-abụghị onye Europe Onye isi oche nke Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) 2013–2015, wee jee ozi na bọọdụ ndị isi nke nzukọ ahụ ihe karịrị afọ 15.[2] Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Mexico Society of Mammalogists, ma bụrụ onye nchoputa na onye ntụzi nke Mmemme 25 dị afọ maka nchekwa nke Bats nke Mexico (PCMM), na onye isi mmalite nke Network Latin America maka nchekwa Bat[3] RELCOM, nke gụnyere mba 23 taa. Medellín bụkwa onye mepụtara Global South Bats, netwọk nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bat na Africa, Asia, na Latin America.[4] Rodrigo bụ onye isi oche nke Bat Specialist Group nke IUCN kemgbe 2004.[5] Medellín chịkọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ mba Jaguar mbụ nke Mexico, ma ọ bụ CENJAGUAR. Ọ bụla onye otu ndị isi oche nke American Society of Mammalogists ruo ihe karịrị afọ 15. Medellín nwere ntụzịaka nke ọma, ma ọ bụ ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya nọ n'ọhịa. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-akụzi ihe ọmụmụ gbasara bayoloji nchekwa, ebe okpomọkụ, na Mammalogy n'ụlọ ọrụ ya, UNAM, yana na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Mahadum Columbia, Mahadum Costa Rica, Mahadum International nke Andalusia na Spain, Kenya Wildlife Service, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị. ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ prọfesọ ọzọ na Mahadum Columbia dị na New York, Mahadum International Andalusia, Mahadum nke Arizona, na Onye Mmekọrịta Nnyocha na American Museum of Natural History, [1] Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Texas Tech University, na ndị ọzọ. Medellín has received various recognitions. In 2004 he received the Whitley Award for International Nature Conservation from HRH Princess Anne of England,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rodrigo Medellin|url=http://whitleyaward.org/winners/conservation-bats-latin-america/|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=Whitley Awards}}</ref> the Gerrit S. Miller Award, given to persons "In recognition of outstanding service and contribution to the field of chiropteran biology”, and the 2004 National Nature Conservation Award from Mexico's President Vicente Fox. .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-23|title=A Rare Look at Mexico’s Carnivorous Bats|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/carnivorous-bats-varma|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Photography|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507000533/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/carnivorous-bats-varma|archive-date=2021-05-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>Na 2014 BBC Natural World wepụtara ihe nkiri a na-enye ọtụtụ ihe nkiri "The Bat Man of Mexico", (nke David Attenborough kọrọ) na-ekpuchi ọrụ Medellín na ụsụ.[1][2] Na 2018 National Geographic Society weputara akwụkwọ akụkọ elekere 1 akpọrọ Giant Carnivorous Bats na Rodrigo Medellín, na-egosi ọrụ ya na ụsụ ndị a nọ n'ihe egwu na nghọtahie.[3] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3fxvafzt7ccl5ztp647672ywq31laoi 0 29577 728372 201544 2026-09-27T01:41:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{S-start}} {{s-ach}} {{Succession box|before='''[[Martin Brodeur]]'''|title=[[List of New Jersey Devils draft picks|New Jersey Devils first round draft pick]]|years=[[1991 NHL Entry Draft|1991]]|after='''[[Brian Rolston]]'''}} {{Succession box|before=[[Nicklas Lidström]]|title=Winner of the [[Norris Trophy]]|years=[[2003–04 NHL season|2004]]|after=[[Nicklas Lidström|Nicklas Lidstrom]]}} {{Succession box|before=[[Cam Ward]]|title=Winner of the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]]|years=[[2006–07 NHL season|2007]]|after=[[Henrik Zetterberg]]}} {{s-sports}} {{Succession box|before=[[Scott Stevens]]|title=[[New Jersey Devils#Team captains|New Jersey Devils captain]]|years=[[2003–04 NHL season|2004]] <br><small>While Stevens was injured</small>|after=[[Patrik Eliáš|Patrik Elias]]}} {{Succession box|before=[[Steve Rucchin]]<br />Chris Pronger|title=[[Anaheim Ducks#Team captains|Mighty Ducks of Anaheim/Anaheim Ducks captain]]|years=[[2005–06 NHL season|2005]]–[[2006–07 NHL season|07]]<br />[[2008–09 NHL season|2008]]–[[2009–10 NHL season|10]]|after=[[Chris Pronger]]<br />[[Ryan Getzlaf]]}} {{S-end}}Scott Niedermayer (amuru [[Ọgọstụ|Ọgọst]] 31, 1973) bụ onye [[Kánada|Canada]] bụbu onye agbachitere ice hockey na onye nkuzi ọrụ pụrụ iche ugbu a nke Anaheim Ducks. Ọ gbara oge 18 na ihe karịrị egwuregwu 1,000 na National Hockey League (NHL) maka [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]] Devils na Anaheim Ducks. Niedermayer bụ onye mmeri nke ''Stanley Cup'' ugboro anọ ma kpọọ na egwuregwu NHL All-Star ise. Ọ meriri James Norris Memorial Trophy na 2003 – 04 dị ka onye na-agbachitere NHL na Conn Smythe Trophy na 2007 dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru nke playoffs. N'afọ 2017, a kpọrọ Niedermayer otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu NHL 100 kachasị na akụkọ ntolite.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scott Niedermayer Stats and News {{!}} NHL.com|url=https://www.nhl.com/player/scott-niedermayer-8458517|work=www.nhl.com|accessdate=2025-03-06|language=en}}</ref> {{Databox}} Dịka nwata, Niedermayer bụ onye otu Kamloops Blazers nke meriri asọmpi abụọ nke Western Hockey League wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru nke 1992 ''Memorial Cup'', na-eduga Blazers na asọmpi [[Hockey Na-enyere Ndị Na-enweghị Ebe Obibi Aka|Hockey]] League nke Canada. Nhọrọ nke atọ n'ozuzu ya na 1991 NHL Entry Draft nke New Jersey, Niedermayer rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ ọkachamara ya na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ tupu ọ kwaga Anaheim na 2005. Na mba ụwa, Niedermayer so Team Canada gwuo egwu ọtụtụ oge. Ọ bụ onye otu Triple Gold Club, nwetagoro iko Stanley yana asọmpi ụwa (2004) na ihe nrite ọla edo Olympic (2002, 2010). Niedermayer gbakwara egwu maka ndị mmeri Memorial Cup, na ndị otu asọmpi na 1991 World Junior Championship na 2004 World Cup of Hockey, na-eme ya na Corey Perry naanị ndị egwuregwu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke meriri nke ọ bụla n'ime asọmpi isii isi North America na mba ụwa. dị maka ndị egwuregwu. Ewebata ya na IIHF All-Time Canada Team na 2020. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị nchebe kachasị na akụkọ NHL, Niedermayer enwetala ọtụtụ nkwanye ùgwù n'oge ọrụ ya. A kpọbatara ya na Ụlọ Nzukọ Egwuregwu Canada na 2012, n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Hockey nke Fame na Nọvemba 2013, na n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ IIHF Fame na 2015. New Jersey Devils, Anaheim Ducks, na Kamloops Blazers niile lara ezumike nká nọmba uwe ya. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Niedermayer na Edmonton, Alberta, mana ọ nọrọ afọ atọ mbụ nke ndụ ya na Cassiar, British Columbia tupu ezinụlọ ya ebie na Cranbrook, British Columbia. Nna ya, Bob, bụ dọkịta na Cassiar na mgbe ahụ Cranbrook, ma nne ya Carol bụ onye nkuzi. O nwere nwanne nwoke nke tọrọ, Rob. Scott na nwanne ya nwoke enweghị ikewapụ onwe ha mgbe ha dị obere ma na-egwukarị egwuregwu hockey ọnụ. Ọ bụ ezie na nna ha na-abụkarị dọkịta ndị otu ha, nne ha kụziiri ha ịgba skate. O debara aha ha n'ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri iji nyere aka n'ịzụlite nkà ha ma kuziere klaasị skating ike na Cranbrook maka mgbanwe oge ice maka ụmụ ya nwoke. Onye na-agbachitere mkparị, Scott duuru otu Cranbrook midget ya n'iji ihe mgbaru ọsọ 55 na isi 92 nweta na 1988–89. == Ọrụ ịgba chaa chaa == === Nwa okorobịa === Niedermayer gbara egwuregwu bọọlụ atọ nke obere hockey na Kamloops Blazers nke Western Hockey League (WHL) n'etiti 1989 na 1992. O dekọtara isi 69 na egwuregwu 64 na oge izizi ya, 1989 – 90, wee nyere ndị Blazers aka inweta iko onye isi ala dịka WHL. ndị mmeri. Ndị Blazer gara n'ihu na iko Memorial nke 1990 dị ka ndị otu kachasị na Canada, mana enwere nkụda mmụọ na asọmpi ahụ site n'ịmeri egwuregwu atọ ahụ. Niedermayer nwetara ọtụtụ nkwanye ugwu na 1990–91. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 26 na isi 82 na egwuregwu 57 iji nweta ohere na Western Conference All-Star otu. Na mgbakwunye, a kpọrọ ya onye nnata Daryl K. (Doc) Seaman Trophy dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ agụmakwụkwọ WHL nke afọ wee merie Canadian Hockey League Scholastic Player of the Year award. Atụmanya dị elu maka ntinye ntinye nke 1991 NHL, Niedrmayer bụ ndị New Jersey Devils họpụtara na agba nke mbụ, nke atọ. Ọ malitere oge 1991 – 92 na New Jersey ka ndị otu ahụ chọrọ ka ọ nweta NHL tupu alaghachi azụ na Kamloops. Mgbe ọ nọsịrị ndị mmụọ ozi egwuregwu ise mbụ, Niedermayer mere NHL mpụta mbụ ya na Ọktoba 16, 1991, megide ndị New York Rangers. Ọ pụtara na egwuregwu anọ ya na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ, na-edekọ otu enyemaka, tupu e zighachi ya na nwata. Agbanyeghị na ọ pụtara na naanị egwuregwu 35 na oge 1991 – 92 WHL, isi ihe Niedrmayer 39 zuru iji nweta ya ohere nke abụọ na otu West All-Star. Mgbe ha merisịrị na Western Conference Final n'oge gara aga, Blazers laghachiri iji merie asọmpi WHL nke abụọ n'ime afọ atọ na 1992. Niedrmayer kekọtara maka ebe atọ na playoff na-eji isi 23 nweta. Na 1992 Memorial Cup, o meriri isi asaa n'ime egwuregwu ise iji duru Blazers gaa asọmpi mba. A họpụtara ya onye nnata Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru nke iko Memorial. === New Jersey Devils === Niedermayer sonyeere ndị mmụọ ọjọọ oge niile na 1992–93. Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ NHL mbụ ya na Nọvemba 8, 1992, megide onye mgbaru ọsọ Brian Hayward na mmeri 6–1 meriri San Jose Sharks. N'ozuzu, Niedermayer pụtara na egwuregwu 80, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ 11 na isi 40 ma kpọọ ya na NHL All-Rookie Team na nchekwa. Niedermayer kwalitere ruo isi 48 na 1993–94, wee gbakwunye isi 4 n'ime egwuregwu 20 playoff ka ndị mmụọ ọjọọ rutere na ngwụcha ogbako Eastern megide New York Rangers, usoro ha meriri na egwuregwu asaa. Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ mere ogologo egwuregwu ịgba ọsọ ọzọ n'oge mkpọchi mkpirisi 1994–95, rute Stanley Cup Finals na nke mbụ na akụkọ ntolite franchise. Niedermayer meriri 11 isi na egwuregwu 20 playoff, gụnyere isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ na egwuregwu abụọ nke Final ka Ekwensu meriri Stanley Cup na egwuregwu anọ nke Detroit Red Wings. Oge isi 33 sochiri Niedrmayer na 1995–96, mana ndị mmụọ ọjọọ ghọrọ onye mmeri mbụ na-agbachitere n'ime afọ 26 ka ọ tụfuru asọmpi egwuregwu ahụ. Mgbe oge 35 gachara na 1996–97, oge Niedrmayer kacha mma ọnụ ọgụgụ na New Jersey bịara na 1997–98 jiri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 14, 57 mee mkpọsa. Ọ gbara n'egwuregwu NHL All-Star nke mbụ ya, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ, wee kpọọ ya na NHL nke abụọ All-Star otu na njedebe oge. Mgbe ọ gụchara nke abụọ na asọmpi egwuregwu n'etiti ndị na-agbachitere, n'agbanyeghị na-egwu egwu na sistemu agbachitere New Jersey nke na-egbochi mmejọ, Niedermayer chọrọ mmụba dị ukwuu. Ọ jụrụ onyinye nke gaara akwụ ya ụgwọ ọnwa nke nde $3.25 na, na-enweghị ike ịbịakwute okwu tupu mmalite nke oge 1998–99, malitere afọ dị ka njide. Ka esemokwu ahụ na-abanye na oge, ọ sonyeere Utah Grizzlies nke International Hockey League (IHL). Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ọnwa mbụ nke oge NHL, Niedermayer na Ekwensu mechara kwenye na nkwekọrịta ọtụtụ afọ, nke a na-ahapụghị usoro ya. Ọ pụtara na egwuregwu 71 ya na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ n'oge ahụ, na-edekọ isi 46. N'ikpeazụ na oge 1999-2000, Niedrmayer tinyere aka na ihe ike na Peter Worell nke Florida Panthers. Mgbe Worell kụchara ya aka, Niedermayer zara ya site n'ife osisi ya n'isi. Worell nwere mgbakasị ahụ wee tufuo egwuregwu isii, ebe a kwụsịtụrụ Niedrmayer maka egwuregwu iri - itoolu na oge oge niile, yana egwuregwu playoff mbụ nke New Jersey. Mgbe o si na mmachibido iwu ya lọta, onyinye nkwado nkwado Niedrmayer na-akwụsi ike na playoffs nyeere ndị mmụọ ọjọọ aka imeri iko Stanley nke abụọ ha site n'imeri Dallas Stars na egwuregwu isii na 2000 Stanley Cup Finals. Ka ọ na-eme ememme ụbọchị ya na iko ahụ, Niedermayer weere iko ahụ gaa Fisher Peak, na-ele anya n'obodo ya bụ Cranbrook ma bụrụ nke a ma ama na-ebuli ya n'isi ya. [[Usòrò:S._Niedermayer_retirement.jpg|thumb|Ekwensu kwetara na Niedermayer nyere aka na franchise ha site n'ịla ezumike nká na nọmba ejiji ya nke 27 na 2011.]] Mkpebi nke nkwekọrịta ya na-esote oge ahụ kpatara esemokwu ogologo oge ọzọ na ndị Ekwensu. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ chọrọ nkwekọrịta yiri nke $ 5.3 nde kwa oge, ndị na-agbachitere iri na-akwụ ụgwọ na otu egwuregwu mere, ndị Ekwensu na-enye nkwekọrịta na ụgwọ ọrụ isi nke $ 3.5 nde. Ọ bụkwa onye njide ọzọ na mmalite nke oge 2000 – 01, wee tufuo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnwa abụọ egwuregwu tupu emechaa kwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ, nde $ 16. Niedermayer dekọtara isi 35 na egwuregwu 57 wee kpọọ na egwuregwu All-Star nke abụọ ya. N'ikpeazụ n'ime egwuregwu anọ nke usoro mgbagha mbụ nke New Jersey megide Toronto Maple Leafs, obi ọjọọ sitere na Toronto's Tie Domi kụrụ Niedermayer amaghị ihe ọ bụla. Niedermayer mechara kwuo na Domi tụrụ egwu imegwara ya maka ihe egwu gara aga na mbụ. Domi rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ihe ahụ merenụ, na-akpọ ya "mmeghachi omume nzuzu", mana a kwụsịtụrụ maka ihe fọdụrụ na 2001 Stanley Cup playoffs. New Jersey ruru 2001 Stanley Cup Finals, mana furu efu usoro ahụ na Colorado Avalanche na egwuregwu asaa. Niedermayer tụfuru ọtụtụ egwuregwu n'isi na oge 2001-02 n'ihi mgbu azụ, na isi 33 ya na oge bụ nke kachasị ala na oge isii. Niedermayer na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ ruru Stanley Cup ikpeazụ ha nke anọ na 2002–03. Usoro a bụ ihe gbasara ezinụlọ, dịka nwanne Scott Rob bụ onye otu n'ime Mighty Ducks nke Anaheim na-emegide. Mgbe a jụrụ ya, nne ha kwetara na ya na-atụ anya na Rob's Mighty Ducks ga-emeri ka Scott enweelarị aha ya asọmpi abụọ. Scott mebiri olile anya nwanne ya nwoke na nne ya, dekọọ enyemaka abụọ na mkpebi egwuregwu nke asaa iji duga ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na mmeri 3–0, wee merie Stanley Cup nke atọ ya. [[Usòrò:Scott_Hannan_and_Scott_Niedermayer.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|250x250px|Niedermayer na Scott Hannan nke San Jose Sharks na-alụ ọgụ maka puck na oge mbụ ya na Anaheim.]] Niedermayer kwadoro aha ya dị ka onye nchekwa NHL ama ama na 2003 – 04, na-enweta otuto site n'aka ndị otu egwuregwu na ndị mmegide maka egwuregwu ya n'oge niile. Mmerụ ndị agbachitere ibe ha bụ Scott Stevens na Brian Rafalski butere Niedermayer na-ewe ihe karịrị nkeji iri abụọ na ise nke oge ice n'otu egwuregwu, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-eru 30, na ọ ketara onyeisi ndị mmụọ ọjọọ n'aka Stevens nwa oge. N'iwe iwe, Niedermayer biputere ọrụ ya nke abụọ oge 50-point, mechaa na ihe mgbaru ọsọ 14 na enyemaka 40. Ọ gbara n'egwuregwu All-Star ya nke atọ wee kpọọ ya otu First Team All-Star na nke mbụ. Mgbe ọ gụchara nke abụọ na asọmpi egwuregwu n'etiti ndị na-agbachitere, na-edekọ ọkwa gbakwunyere-mwepu nke +20 wee duru ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na ndekọ NHL ọgbara ọhụrụ dị obere ihe mgbaru ọsọ 164 megidere, a họpụtara Niedermayer onye mmeri nke James Norris Memorial Trophy dị ka onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu. Mgbe njedebe nke nkwekọrịta ya gara aga, Niedermayer bụ onye nweere onwe ya ọzọ, ma ọ tachiri obi ọzọ mkparịta ụka siri ike na ndị Ekwensu, ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ gbanwere ndị ọrụ. Na mbụ na-achọ nkwekọrịta afọ ise, $ 45 nde, Niedrmayer họọrọ ịga ikpe ikpe. Enyere ya nkwekọrịta otu afọ maka oge 2004–05, yana ụgwọ ọnwa $7 nke e nyere ya jikọtara ihe nrite John LeClair na 2000 dị ka nke kachasị elu enyerela na mkpezi ikpe. Agbanyeghị, e kpochapụrụ nkwekọrịta ahụ mgbe kagburu oge niile n'ihi mkpọchi 2004–05 NHL. === Ọbọgwụ Anaheim === [[Usòrò:Snieds-ducks.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Niedermayer na Ducks na 2006.]] Dị ka onye nweere onwe ya na-enweghị njedebe n'oge okpomọkụ nke 2005, Niedermayer nọ na-achọsi ike; Otu 14 kpọtụụrụ onye nnọchi anya ya n'ụbọchị mbụ e kwere ka ha na ya kparịta ụka. Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ nyere ya nkwekọrịta afọ ise nke ga-akwụ ya $ 7.8 nde kwa oge, nke kacha kwenye n'okpuru ụgwọ ụgwọ ọhụrụ, mana Niedermayer họọrọ kama ịbanye nkwekọrịta afọ anọ ruru $ 6.75 nde kwa oge na Dike Ducks nke Anaheim. . Ọ họọrọ iwere obere oge na ụgwọ dị ala iji kpọọ ma gbalịa ka ya na nwanne ya merie Stanley Cup. Ndị Ducks ozugbo kpọrọ Scott onyeisi ndị otu ahụ. N'ime oge izizi ya na Anaheim, 2005–06, Niedermayer nwetara isi 63 wee kpọọ ya otu Otu All-Star nke mbụ maka oge nke abụọ. N'ọsọ egwuregwu ahụ, ndị Ducks rutere Western Conference Final, mana ndị Edmonton Oilers wepụrụ ya. Soro Chris Pronger na Anaheim's blueline, Niedrmayer nyeere ndị Ducks aka ịtọ ndekọ aha aha na 2006-07 maka ọtụtụ mmeri (48) na isi (110). Akpọrọ ha abụọ aha ndị ikpeazụ maka Norris Trophy, mana Nicklas Lidström nke Detroit meriri. N'otu n'otu, Niedermayer rụrụ egwuregwu ọrụ 1,000th ya, megide Edmonton Oilers na Nọvemba 28, 2006. O setịpụrụ ọrụ dị elu nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ 15, enyemaka 54 na isi 69 n'oge oge niile wee kpọọ ya otu First Team All-Star. Ọ gbakwunyere isi iri na otu na egwuregwu Stanley Cup 2007, wee kpọọ ya onye nnata nke Conn Smythe Memorial Trophy dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru nke oge mgbe emechara Anaheim gaa n'asọmpi izizi nke franchise na mmeri egwuregwu ise meriri ndị omebe iwu Ottawa. n'ikpeazụ. Dị ka onye isi otu, Niedrmayer bụ onye ọkpụkpọ mbụ nyere ohere ibuli Stanley Cup. O bufeere nwanne ya iko; ọ bụ mmeri mbụ Rob nwere mmeri. N'ime oge ahụ, Scott kwuru, sị: "Ị naghị atụ anya ịnyefe ya nwanne gị nwoke. Ọ dịghị mgbe m nwere. Inwe ike ime nke ahụ bụ n'ezie ihe pụtara ìhè nke ọrụ m." N'ịpụ n'asọmpi nke anọ ya, Niedrmayer dị afọ 34 tụgharịrị uche ezumike nka. N'ịnọgide na-ekpebighị ọdịnihu ya ka oge 2007–08 malitere, ọ naghị akọ akụkọ maka ndị otu ahụ ma ndị Ducks kwụsịtụrụ ya dị ka usoro iwu. Pronger nọchiri ya dị ka onyeisi ndị agha, na Niedrmayer anọgideghị na-ekpebi ruo mmalite December mgbe o mesịrị họrọ ịlaghachi. Ọ pụtara na naanị egwuregwu 48 n'oge ahụ, na-ebute isi 25, mana ọ gbara na Egwuregwu All-Star nke anọ ya. Mgbe ekpochapụsịrị Ducks na agba nke mbụ nke 2008 playoffs, ọ tụgharịrị uche ọzọ ịla ezumike nka, mana o mere mkpebi ịlaghachi azụ maka oge 2008–09. Ọ nwetaghachiri onye isi nke Ducks, wee gwuo egwuregwu All-Star nke ise ya n'oge oge nke ọ meriri isi 59 na egwuregwu 82. N'ihe gosipụtara na ọ bụ oge ikpeazụ ya, 2009–10, Niedermayer nwetara isi 48 na egwuregwu 80. Ọ kwuputara ezumike nka ya dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ na June 22, 2010, mana ọ nọgidere na nzukọ Ducks dị ka onye ndụmọdụ onye isi njikwa Bob Murray. Ọ tụgharịrị na nkuzi na oge 2012–13, na-eje ozi dị ka onye nkuzi ọrụ pụrụ iche na Ducks. == Egwuregwu mba ụwa == Niedermayer nwere ogologo ọrụ na mba ụwa na-aga nke ọma, na-emeri asọmpi na ọkwa niile. O mere mpụta izizi mba ụwa ya dị ka onye gbara afọ 17 ya na ndị otu obere Canada na asọmpi Ice Hockey nke 1991 World Junior Ice. Ọ pụtara na egwuregwu atọ ka Team Canada jiri goolu mbubreyo nke John Slaney na egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke asọmpi ahụ, megide Soviet Union, iji nweta ihe nrite ọla edo. Ọ laghachiri maka asọmpi 1992, nke The Sports Network kọwara dị ka otu n'ime ihe na-akụda mmụọ na akụkọ ntolite Canada, ebe otu ahụ mechara nke isii na mmemme otu asatọ. Afọ anọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na 1996, Niedermayer sonyeere ndị otu egwuregwu mbụ na iko ụwa mbụ nke Hockey. O nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ na enyemaka atọ n'ime egwuregwu asatọ, mana Canada meriri asọmpi ikpeazụ na United States. Niedermayer mechara mee mpụta mbụ ya n'egwuregwu Olympic na 2002. Ọ pụtara na egwuregwu isii, ma nyere Canada aka imeri United States, 5–2 na nke ikpeazụ ka mba ahụ meriri nrite ọla edo Olympic mbụ ya na hockey n'ime afọ 50. Mmeri ihe nrite ọla edo sochiri na 2004 ka Niedermayer nwetara isi ise n'ime egwuregwu itoolu na asọmpi ụwa wee gbakwunye isi abụọ na egwuregwu isii na iko ụwa nke Hockey. Na mmemme nke ikpeazụ, Niedermayer nwetara goolu n'egwuregwu asọmpi, mmeri 3–2 meriri Finland. Edobere ya ka ọ pụta ìhè n'egwuregwu Olympic nke abụọ ya na 2006, agbanyeghị mmerụ ikpere merụrụ n'oge egwuregwu NHL nke chọrọ ịwa ahụ manyere ya ịhapụ asọmpi ahụ. Asọmpi mba ụwa ikpeazụ nke Niedermayer bịara na asọmpi Olympic nke afọ 2010, ọnwa anọ tupu ọ lara ezumike nká dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ. Akpọrọ ya onye isi ndị otu maka asọmpi e mere na mpaghara obodo ya, na Vancouver. O duuru Canada na ihe nrite ọla edo, na-ejedebe na mmeri 3–2 karịa oge ha meriri United States. == Ụdị egwu == [[Usòrò:Scott_Niedermayer-2006awards.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Niedermayer na NHL Awards na 2006.]] Onye na-agbachitere obi na-akpasu iwe, Niedermayer kacha mara amara maka ike ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri wee dọta ya na ndị egwuregwu na-akpasu iwe site n'oge ọ batara na NHL. E jiri ya tụnyere Paul Coffey maka ikike ya ịwepụ ihe egwuregwu ahụ site na akara mgbaru ọsọ nke ya ma gbanwee ọnọdụ nchebe n'ime ngwa ngwa iwe. Ọ na-enwekarị mmasị n'ịgba egwu n'ime usoro nchebe nke Ekwensu, na-eche na ọ na-egbochi ihe okike ya na-akpasu iwe, ma kwetakwara na ọ mụtara itinye aka na nchekwa ya na ịzụlite egwuregwu ya n'ozuzu ya. Niedermayer nwetara aha ọma maka enweghị nkwekọrịta n'isi mmalite ọrụ ya. Ọ na-egwukarị egwuregwu kachasị mma megide mmegide kachasị elu, mana ọdịda ya na-etinye aka na nkà ya mgbe niile megide mmegide niile na-enwe nkụda mmụọ mgbe ụfọdụ ndị otu ya ma hapụ ndị nkuzi ya na-akwa arịrị na ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ nwere ike ịbụ onye isi mana ọ bụghị mgbe niile. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke ọrụ ya, yana n'esochi mmeri Norris Trophy na 2004, a na-ahụ Niedermayer dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-agbachitere ọgbaghara nke ọgbọ ya yana otu n'ime ndị mmeri kacha emeri egwuregwu ahụ. Niedermayer na onye otu egwuregwu Ducks bụbu Corey Perry bụ naanị ndị egwuregwu na akụkọ egwuregwu hockey iji merie isi ọ bụla dị ugbu a North America na asọmpi mba ụwa: Memorial Cup, World Junior Championship, Stanley Cup, World Championship, World Cup na Olympic Games. Niedermayer asọpụrụla ọtụtụ oge. Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ New Jersey lara ezumike nká nọmba jersey ya 27 na 2011, na Kamloops Blazers lara ezumike nká nọmba 28 ọ na-eyi na junior na 2013. E webatara ya n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Hockey nke BC na Ụlọ Nzukọ Egwuregwu Canada. A họpụtara Niedermayer na Hockey Hall of Fame dịka akụkụ nke klaasị 2013 ya, ewebata ya na Nọvemba 11, 2013. == Ndụ onwe onye == Niedermayer na nwunye ya Lisa nwere ụmụ nwoke anọ. Ezinụlọ ahụ bi na Penticton, British Columbia, mana na-alaghachikarị na Cranbrook, ebe ha nọrọ oge ezumike mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu. Scott na Lisa na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime obodo. Ha na-eje ozi dị ka ndị isi oche nsọpụrụ nke Walk for Kids, ihe omume ebere na-akwado Ronald McDonald House of Orange County, ebe Scott na nwanne ya nwoke Rob na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ hockey na Cranbrook ma guzobe ego na-enye onyinye maka ndị otu obodo. Onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Scott sokwa na WWF-Canada kwupụta okwu na-akwado mbọ a na-eme iji kwado ọzara eke nke British Columbia. == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Oge egwuregwu na egwuregwu === {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em" ! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | ! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff" | ! colspan="5" |Regular season ! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff" | ! colspan="5" |Playoffs |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" !Season !Team !League !GP !G !A !Pts !PIM !GP !G !A !Pts !PIM |- |1989–90 |Kamloops Blazers |WHL |64 |14 |55 |69 |64 |17 |2 |14 |16 |35 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |1990–91 |Kamloops Blazers |WHL |57 |26 |56 |82 |52 |— |— |— |— |— |- |1991–92 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |4 |0 |1 |1 |2 |— |— |— |— |— |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |1991–92 |Kamloops Blazers |WHL |35 |7 |32 |39 |61 |17 |9 |14 |23 |28 |- |1992–93 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |80 |11 |29 |40 |47 |5 |0 |3 |3 |2 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |1993–94 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |81 |10 |36 |46 |42 |20 |2 |2 |4 |8 |- |1994–95 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |48 |4 |15 |19 |18 |20 |4 |7 |11 |10 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |1995–96 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |79 |8 |25 |33 |46 |— |— |— |— |— |- |1996–97 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |81 |5 |30 |35 |64 |10 |2 |4 |6 |6 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |1997–98 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |81 |14 |43 |57 |27 |6 |0 |2 |2 |4 |- |1998–99 |Utah Grizzlies |IHL |5 |0 |2 |2 |0 |— |— |— |— |— |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |1998–99 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |72 |11 |35 |46 |26 |7 |1 |3 |4 |18 |- |1999–00 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |71 |7 |31 |38 |48 |22 |5 |2 |7 |10 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2000–01 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |57 |6 |29 |35 |22 |21 |0 |6 |6 |14 |- |2001–02 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |76 |11 |22 |33 |30 |6 |0 |2 |2 |6 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2002–03 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |81 |11 |28 |39 |62 |24 |2 |16 |18 |16 |- |2003–04 |New Jersey Devils |NHL |81 |14 |40 |54 |44 |5 |1 |0 |1 |6 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2005–06 |Mighty Ducks of Anaheim |NHL |82 |13 |50 |63 |96 |16 |2 |9 |11 |14 |- |2006–07 |Anaheim Ducks |NHL |79 |15 |54 |69 |86 |21 |3 |8 |11 |26 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2007–08 |Anaheim Ducks |NHL |48 |8 |17 |25 |16 |6 |0 |2 |2 |4 |- |2008–09 |Anaheim Ducks |NHL |82 |14 |45 |59 |70 |13 |3 |7 |10 |11 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2009–10 |Anaheim Ducks |NHL |80 |10 |38 |48 |38 |— |— |— |— |— |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="3" |NHL totals !1,263 !172 !568 !740 !784 !202 !25 !73 !98 !155 |} {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:40em" !Year !Team !Event ! rowspan="102" bgcolor="#ffffff" | !GP !G !A !Pts !PIM |- |1991 |Canada |WJC |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |1992 |Canada |WJC |7 |0 |0 |0 |10 |- |1996 |Canada |WCH |8 |1 |3 |4 |6 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2002 |Canada |OLY |6 |1 |1 |2 |4 |- |2004 |Canada |WC |9 |3 |2 |5 |12 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2004 |Canada |WCH |6 |1 |1 |2 |9 |- |2010 |Canada |OLY |7 |1 |2 |3 |4 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="4" |Junior totals !10 !0 !0 !0 !10 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="4" |Senior totals !36 !7 !9 !16 !35 |} == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == [[Usòrò:Stanley_Cup_Ducks_and_Bush_Scott_Neids_crop.jpg|thumb|Niedermayer (n'aka ekpe) na-egosi Onye isi ala US George W. Bush na uwe Ducks na-esote asọmpi 2007 ha.]] {| class="wikitable" !Ihe nrite !Afọ ! |- ! colspan="3" |WHL |- |Ndị otu mbụ All-Star nke Western Conference |1991, 1992 |<ref name="WHLAllStar">{{Cite book|editor=Flett|title=2012–13 WHL Official Guide|publisher=Western Hockey League|year=2012}}</ref> |- |Daryl K. (Doc) Seaman Trophy |1991 |<ref name="ScholasticPOY">{{Cite book|editor=Flett|title=2012–13 WHL Official Guide|publisher=Western Hockey League|year=2012}}</ref> |- |Onye Ọkpụkpọ nke Afọ nke CHL |1991 |<ref name="ScholasticPOY" /> |- |Ihe nrite Stafford Smythe |1992 |<ref name="SSMT">{{Cite book|editor=Bell, Aaron|title=2009–10 OHL Media Guide|publisher=Ontario Hockey League}}</ref> |- ! colspan="3" |NHL |- |Ndị otu ọhụrụ niile |1993 |<ref name="LOH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11191|title=Scott Niedermayer profile|publisher=Hockey Hall of Fame|accessdate=2013-07-04|archivedate=May 15, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515071034/http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11191}}</ref> |- |Ndị otu mbụ All-Star |2004, 2006, 2007 |<ref name="LOH" /> |- |Ndị otu nke Abụọ All-Star |1998 |<ref name="LOH" /> |- |Egwuregwu kpakpando niile |1998, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2009 |<ref name="LOH" /> |- |Ihe nrite James Norris |2004 |<ref name="LOHNorris0304">{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=JNT&year=2003-04|title=James Norris Memorial Trophy winner – Scott Niedermayer|publisher=Hockey Hall of Fame|accessdate=2013-07-04|archivedate=June 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617170508/http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=JNT&year=2003-04}}</ref> |- |Ihe nrite Conn Smythe |2007 |<ref name="LOHNorris0607">{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=CST&year=2006-07|title=Conn Smythe Trophy winner – Scott Niedermayer|publisher=Hockey Hall of Fame|accessdate=2013-07-04|archivedate=June 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617171224/http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=CST&year=2006-07}}</ref> |- |Onye mmeri Stanley Cup |1995, 2000, 2003, 2007 |<ref name="LOH" /> |- ! colspan="3" |Mba Nile |- |Ndị otu WJC All-Star |1992 |<ref name="LOH" /> |- |Ụlọ Nzukọ nke IIHF |2015 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/niedermayer-hasek-reichel-to-enter-iihf-hall-of-fame/c-744607|title=Niedermayer, Hasek, Reichel to enter IIHF Hall of Fame|date=18 December 2014|work=[[National Hockey League]]|accessdate=17 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404161202/https://www.nhl.com/news/niedermayer-hasek-reichel-to-enter-iihf-hall-of-fame/c-744607|archive-date=4 April 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iihfworlds2015.com/en/news/iihf-class-of-2015-honoured/|title=IIHF class of 2015 honoured|author=Aykroyd|first=Lucas|date=17 May 2015|work=[[International Ice Hockey Federation]]|accessdate=17 June 2023|archivedate=24 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424072155/http://www.iihfworlds2015.com/en/news/iihf-class-of-2015-honoured/}}</ref> |- |IIHF All-Time Canada Team |2020 | |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta mmekọrịta ezinụlọ na NHL == Ihe odide == * Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ: "Scott Niedermayer player card". <cite class="citation web cs1">Njikọ Hockey nke Mba. </cite><cite class="citation web cs1">E <span class="reference-accessdate">nwetara</span> ya na <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="nowrap">July 5</span></span>, <span class="reference-accessdate">2013</span>.</cite> {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{S-start}} {{s-ach}} {{Succession box|before='''[[Martin Brodeur]]'''|title=[[List of New Jersey Devils draft picks|New Jersey Devils first round draft pick]]|years=[[1991 NHL Entry Draft|1991]]|after='''[[Brian Rolston]]'''}} {{Succession box|before=[[Nicklas Lidström]]|title=Winner of the [[Norris Trophy]]|years=[[2003–04 NHL season|2004]]|after=[[Nicklas Lidström|Nicklas Lidstrom]]}} {{Succession box|before=[[Cam Ward]]|title=Winner of the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]]|years=[[2006–07 NHL season|2007]]|after=[[Henrik Zetterberg]]}} {{s-sports}} {{Succession box|before=[[Scott Stevens]]|title=[[New Jersey Devils#Team captains|New Jersey Devils captain]]|years=[[2003–04 NHL season|2004]] <br><small>While Stevens was injured</small>|after=[[Patrik Eliáš|Patrik Elias]]}} {{Succession box|before=[[Steve Rucchin]]<br />Chris Pronger|title=[[Anaheim Ducks#Team captains|Mighty Ducks of Anaheim/Anaheim Ducks captain]]|years=[[2005–06 NHL season|2005]]–[[2006–07 NHL season|07]]<br />[[2008–09 NHL season|2008]]–[[2009–10 NHL season|10]]|after=[[Chris Pronger]]<br />[[Ryan Getzlaf]]}} {{S-end}}{{center|<small>Note: Scott Niedermayer served as the Devils captain for the latter half of the 2003–04 NHL season. Scott Stevens was injured and out of the lineup during that time.</small>}}{{Triple Gold Club}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jdxvu6yob69fcwv3kcxkixood7za5c6 0 29660 728221 723027 2026-09-26T14:10:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:07_Imotski_Crveno_Jezero_(1).jpg|thumb|Olulu mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Uhie na [[Kroatia|Croatia]]]] '''Olulu mmiri''' bụ oghere ma ọ bụ oghere dị nala nke ụdị ọdịda nke elu ya kpatara. A naeji okwu ahụ eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji zoo aka na '''doline''', '''oghere ndị''' a naakpọkwa ''vrtače'' na shakeholes, na oghere ebe mmiri dị nelu naabanye nime ụzọ ndị dị nokpuru ala a maara dị ka ''ponor'', '''oghere''' swallow ma ọ bụ swallet.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Williams|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhiJ10Xx9VwC|title=Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science|date=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-399-6|editor=Gunn|pages=628–642|language=en|chapter=Dolines}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Kohl|first=Martin|year=2001|title=Subsidence and sinkholes in East Tennessee. A field guide to holes in the ground|url=https://www.tn.gov/assets/entities/environment/attachments/geology_sink-hole.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714081131/http://www.tn.gov/assets/entities/environment/attachments/geology_sink-hole.pdf|archivedate=14 July 2015|accessdate=18 February 2014|publisher=State of Tennessee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Dictionary of Physical Geography|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2009|isbn=978-1444313161|editor=Thomas|edition=3rd|location=Chichester}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Monroe|first=Watson Hiner|date=1970|title=A glossary of Karst terminology|journal=U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper|volume=1899-K|doi=10.3133/wsp1899k}}</ref> ''Cenote'' bụ ụdị olulu mmiri nke naekpughe mmiri dị n'okpuru ala.<ref name=":2" /> Mmiri na ''mmiri naasọba'' bụ okwu ndị ọzọ maka ebe ndị naewepụ ''mmiri'' nelu, ikekwe site na ịbanye nime ala ma ọ bụ nkume dara ada.<ref name=":1" /> Ihe ka ọtụtụ nime sinkholes naakpata usoro karst - mmebi nke nkume carbonate, ọdịda ma ọ bụ usoro mbuze.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="bgs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mendips/caveskarst/karst_3.htm|title=Caves and karst – dolines and sinkholes|publisher=British Geological Survey}}</ref> Sinkholes naadịkarị okirikiri ma dịgasị iche iche nibu site na iri ruo ọtụtụ narị mita ma nobosara na omimi, ma dịgasịa iche nụdị site na efere ndị dị nala ruo noghere ndị dị nakụkụ nkume. Oghere nwere ike ịpụta nke nta nke nta ma ọ bụ na mberede, a naahụkwa ya nụwa niile.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0" /> == Ọzụzụ == [[Usòrò:Dead_Sea_sinkhole_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Olulu mmiri dị nso nOké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, nke e mepụtara mgbe nnu dị nokpuru ala naagbaze site na mmiri dị ọcha, nihi na mmiri naaga nihu naada.]] [[Usòrò:Chinchón_dolina_c1991.jpg|thumb|Olulu mmiri dara na Chinchón, Spain.]] === Usoro okike === Olulu mmiri nwere ike ijide mmiri naagba ọsọ ma ọ bụ mmiri kwụ ọtọ, mana ọ pụkwara ịpụta nebe dị elu na ebe kpọrọ nkụ nebe ụfọdụ. Olulu mmiri nke naejide mmiri nwere ike ijide ya na nnukwu ọgba limestone. Ọgba ndị a nwere ike ịba nakụkụ osimiri ndị buru ibu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/05/travel/escapes/05adventure.html|title=Getting Down and Dirty in an Underground River in Puerto Rico|author=Breining|first=Greg|date=5 October 2007|work=The New York Times|accessdate=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Palmer|first=Arthur N.|date=1 January 1991|title=Origin and morphology of limestone caves|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geological-society-of-america-bulletin_1991-01_103_1/page/n4|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|language=en|volume=103|issue=1|pages=1–21|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0001:oamolc>2.3.co;2|issn=0016-7606}}</ref> Ọdịdị nke sinkholes naagụnye usoro okike nke erosion ma ọ bụ nke nta nke nta wepụ ala naagbaze (dị ka limestone) site na mmiri naagbapụta, ọdịda nke elu ọgba, ma ọ bụ mbelata nke tebụl mmiri. [1] Sinkholes naemekarị site na usoro nke suffosion.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Friend|first=Sandra|title=Sinkholes|publisher=Pineapple Press Inc|year=2002|isbn=978-1-56164-258-8|url=https://archive.org/details/sinkholes0000frie|accessdate=7 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Quarrying and the environment|url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mendips/caveskarst/karst_3.htm|work=bgs|accessdate=3 June 2018}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri dị nokpuru ala nwere ike ịgbaze carbonate cement naejikọta ụmụ irighiri nkume ma wepụ ụmụ irighari ndị ahụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mepụta oghere. Mgbe ụfọdụ, olulu mmiri nwere ike igosi oghere a naahụ anya nime ọgba dị nokpuru. Nihe banyere nnukwu sinkholes, dị ka Minyé sinkhole na Papua New Guinea ma ọ bụ Cedar Sink na Mammoth Cave National Park na [[Kentórkị|Kentucky]], enwere ike ịhụ iyi ma ọ bụ osimiri dị n'okpuru ala ya site n'otu akụkụ gaa n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Sinkholes bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ebe nkume dị nokpuru ala bụ limestone ma ọ bụ nkume carbonate ndị ọzọ, ala nnu, ma ọ bụ na nkume ndị ọzọ a naagbaze agbaze, dị ka gypsum, nke nwere ike ịgbaze nuzọ okike site na mmiri dị nime ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/geosights/sinkhole.htm|title=Sinkholes in Washington County|publisher=Utah gov Geological Survey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323204811/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/geosights/sinkhole.htm|archivedate=23 March 2011}}</ref> Sinkholes naapụta na sandstone na quartzite ala. Ka nkume ahụ naagbaze, oghere na ọgba naetolite nokpuru ala. Olulu mmiri ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị egwu, nihi na ala dị nelu naanọkarị ruo mgbe nkwado zuru ezu. Mgbe ahụ, ọdịda mberede nke ala nwere ike ime. === Ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe === Nụbọchị nke abụọ nọnwa Julaị nafọ 2015, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kọrọ na oghere ndị naarụ ọrụ, ndị metụtara ọdịda nke olulu mmiri na ikekwe jikọtara ya na mgbawa, achọtara na comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko site na nyocha mbara igwe ''Rosetta''.<ref name="NAT-20150702">{{Cite journal|date=2 July 2015|title=Large heterogeneities in comet 67P as revealed by active pits from sinkhole collapse|journal=Nature|volume=523|issue=7558|pages=63–66|doi=10.1038/nature14564|author=Vincent, Jean-Baptiste|pmid=26135448|url=https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01176031/file/JBV2015.pdf}}</ref><ref name="AP-20150701">{{Cite news|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150701/us-sci--comet_sinkholes-11254d29fb.html|title=It's the pits: Comet appears to have sinkholes, study says|author=Ritter|first=Malcolm|date=1 July 2015|work=[[AP News]]|accessdate=2 July 2015|archive-date=3 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703035631/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150701/us-sci--comet_sinkholes-11254d29fb.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Usoro aka mere ===   [[Usòrò:Sinkhole.jpg|thumb|Nkwada nke mmiri ozuzo naagbapụta nokporo ụzọ ma naebute ala nime paịpụ nsị gbawara agbawa.]] Nkwada, nke a naakpọkarị sinkholes, naemekwa n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ, dị ka ọdịda nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na nchekwa nnu nime ụlọ nnu nebe ndị dị ka [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]], Mississippi na [[Texas]], na United States of America. Nozuzu, ọdịda naeme n'obodo ukwu nihi nkwụsị mmiri ma ọ bụ ọdịda nke nsị mgbe ọkpọkọ ochie naahapụ. Ha nwekwara ike ime site na ịdọrọ mmiri nokpuru ala na mmiri dị n'okpuru. Oghere nwekwara ike ịpụta mgbe a gbanwere usoro mmiri naadọba mmiri ma mepụta usoro mmiri ọhụrụ. Ụfọdụ sinkholes naapụta mgbe a na-agbanwe ala, dị ka mgbe a naemepụta ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri naechekwa mmiri; ịdị arọ nke ihe ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ike ime ka elu ụlọ nke oghere ma ọ bụ oghere dị nokpuru ala daa, naakpata mmepe nke sinkhole. == Nchịkọta == === Olulu mmiri === Ngwọta ma ọ bụ ịgbaze sinkholes naemepụta ebe mmiri naagbaze limestone nokpuru ihe mkpuchi ala. Dissolution naeme ka oghere okike dị na nkume dị ka nkwonkwo, ọkpụkpụ, na ihe ndina. Ala naagbadata nime oghere ndị buru ibu naeme ka obere ndagwurugwu dị n'elu ala.<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/sinkholes?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|title=Sinkholes|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=Water Science School|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Dissolution_sinkhole.png|alt=USGS dissolution sinkhole.|center|Ugboro abụọ nke USGS.]] === Olulu mmiri naekpuchi ala === A naemepụta oghere ndị dị nokpuru ala ebe oghere dị nime limestone dị nala naenye ohere ka ala dịkwuo ala iji mepụta nnukwu ndagwurugwu.<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb"/> [[Usòrò:Cover-subsidence_sinkhole.png|alt=USGS cover-subsidence sinkhole.|center|Olulu mmiri nke USGS.]] === Olulu mmiri naada === Olulu mmiri naada ma ọ bụ "ụda" naemepụta ebe ọtụtụ ala naagbadata nime oghere dị na limestone nke na ala naada. Nkwada elu nwere ike ime na mberede ma kpatara mmebi ọdachi. Ọgba mmiri ọhụrụ nwekwara ike ịpụta mgbe ọrụ mmadụ naagbanwe usoro mmiri na mpaghara karst.<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb"/> [[Usòrò:Cover-collapse_sinkhole.png|alt=USGS cover-subsidence sinkhole.|center|Olulu mmiri nke USGS.]] === Ọgba mmiri ndị a na-akpọ pseudokarst === Pseudokarst sinkholes yiri karst sinkholas mana usoro ndị ọzọ naabụghị nke okike nke nkume mejupụtara ya: 4<ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson">{{Cite book|author=Benson|first=Richard C.|date=2015|title=Site Characterization in Karst and Pseudokarst Terraines: Practical Strategies and Technology for Practicing Engineers, Hydrologists and Geologists|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/978-94-017-9924-9|isbn=978-94-017-9923-2}}</ref>  == Ọgba mmiri naagba ọsọ nke mmadụ == [[Usòrò:Subsurface_erosion_of_soil_into_karst_conduit_by_water_level_fluctuation.jpg|alt=Four panels illustrate the growth of soil cavities above a rock cavity. Rising water softens soil. Downward moving water carries softened soil down into rock cavity.|thumb|Ihe omume ndị mmadụ mere na mgbanwe ala nke naakpata mgbanwe nke mmiri naeme ka ọgba aghara naada ngwa ngwa]] U.S. Geological Survey naekwu na "Ọ bụ echiche naatụ egwu iche nechiche ala dị nokpuru ụkwụ gị ma ọ bụ ụlọ naada na mberede ma naemepụta nnukwu oghere nala".<ref name="USGSsinkholesweb"/> Ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike ime ka ọdịda nke karst sinkholes dị ngwa, naakpata ọdịda nime afọ ole na ole nke gaagbanwe nime ọtụtụ puku afọ nokpuru ọnọdụ okike.: 2: 1 na 92 Mmiri ọdịda ala, nke a naakọwa site na ọdịda nke oghere dị nime ala nke mepụtara ebe ala na-adaba nime oghere nkume dị nokpuru, naeweta nnukwu ihe ize ndụ na ihe onwunwe.<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan">{{Cite book|author=Newton|first=John G.|date=1987|chapter=Development of sinkholes resulting from man's activities in the eastern United States|series=U.S. Geological Survey Circular 968|chapterurl=https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0968/report.pdf|publisher=U.S. Government Print Office|doi=10.3133/cir968|title=Circular}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Kambesis|first=P.|date=2005|chapter=Collapse sinkhole at Dishman Lane, Kentucky|title=Sinkholes and Subsidence: Karst and Cavernous Rocks in Engineering and Construction|url=https://archive.org/details/sinkholessubside00walt|location=Berlin|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/b138363|isbn=3-540-20725-2}}</ref><ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/> Mgbanwe nke ọkwa mmiri naeme ka usoro ọdịda a dị ngwa. Mgbe mmiri naarịgo site na oghere dị na nkume, ọ naebelata ịdị n'otu nke ala. Ka oge naaga, ka mmiri naagbadata, ala dị nro na-agbanye nime oghere nkume. Mmiri naasọ nime ọwara karst naebupụ ala, naegbochi ala ịba nime oghere nkume ma naekwe ka usoro ọdịda gaa nihu: 52-53<ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes">{{Cite book|author=Sowers|first=George F.|date=1996|title=Building on sinkholes|location=New York|publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers|doi=10.1061/9780784401767|isbn=0-7844-0176-4}}</ref>  Igwe mmiri naakpata naeme ebe ọrụ mmadụ na-agbanwe otú mmiri dị nelu si eme ka mmiri dị nokpuru ala. Ọtụtụ sinkholes sitere na mmadụ naeme ebe a naemetụta ihe okike naagbanye mmiri ma naagbakọta mmiri nelu. Ihe omume ndị nwere ike ime ka olulu mmiri daa ngwa ngwa gụnyere iwepụ osisi, ịdọrọ ọwa, ịtọ paịpụ, nsị, eriri mmiri, mmiri ozuzo, na igwu egwu. Ihe omume ndị a nwere ike ịbawanye mmegharị mmiri naagbadata karịa ọnụego okike nke mmiri dị nokpuru ala.: 26-29 Mmụba nke mmiri naesi n'elu okporo ụzọ, elu ụlọ, na ebe a naadọba ụgbọala naeme ka ọgba aghara nke mmadụ kpatara: 8<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/><ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/>  Ụfọdụ sinkholes naebute akara ịdọ aka ná ntị, dị ka oghere, mkpọtụ, ma ọ bụ mkpọtụ, mana ndị ọzọ naetolite na obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ịdọ akaebe.: 32-34 Otú ọ dị, a ghọtara mmepe karst nke ọma, na njirimara ebe kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike izere ọdachi karst.<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/> Nihi ya, ọtụtụ ọdachi sinkhole bụ ndị a na-ahụ anya na ndị a na'egbochi karịa "omume Chineke".: xii: 17 na 104 American Society of Civil Engineers ekwuputala na ikike maka ọdịda sinkhole gaabụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ iji ala eme ihe na mpaghara karst.<ref name="Waltham2005">{{Cite book|author=Waltham|first=Tony|title=Sinkholes and subsidence: karst and cavernous rocks in engineering and construction|year=2005|publisher=Springer [u.a.]|location=Berlin [u.a.]|isbn=978-3540207252|edition=1st}}</ref><ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/> Ebe ọgba aghara nke ihe owuwu nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ, a gaeme ka ọha na eze mara ihe ize ndụ: 88<ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes"/>  Ebe ndị nwere ike ịdaba na sinkhole bụ ebe enwere nnukwu njupụta nke sinkholes dị ugbu a. Ọnụnọ ha naegosi na ala nwere usoro ọgba ma ọ bụ oghere ndị ọzọ naadịghị akwụsi ike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GIS and Spatial Statistical Methods for Determining Sinkhole Potential in Frederick Valley, Maryland, page 100 in Kuniansky, E.L., 2008, U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Bowling Green, Kentucky, May 27–29, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5023, 142 p.|author=Doctor|first=Katarina|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5023/pdf/SIR2008-5023.pdf|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref> Ebe nnukwu oghere dị na limestone nnukwu ọdịda nwere ike ime, dị ka Winter Park, Florida sinkhole collapse.: 91-92 Ntuziaka maka iji ala eme ihe na mpaghara karst kwesịrị izere ma ọ bụ belata mgbanwe nke ala na mmiri ozuzo.: 36<ref name="SiteCharacterizationBenson"/><ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/>  Ebe ọ bụ na mgbanwe nke ọkwa mmiri naeme ka ọgba aghara daa ngwa ngwa, a ghaghị ime ihe iji belata mgbanwe nke ọkwa ማይ. Enwere ike ịchọpụta ma zere ebe ndị nwere ike ịdaba na sinkhole.: 88 Nógbè karst, nyocha ntọala ọdịnala (nke nwere ikike na ebe obibi) nke ikike ala nwere ịkwado ihe owuwu ga-agbakwunye site na nyocha nke ebe geotechnical maka oghere na ntụpọ dị nokpuru nkume.: 113 Ebe ọ bụ na ala / nkume dị nógbè ndị karst adịghị mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe nlele nokpuru ala (ọhịa na isi ihe n'ọ́tụ̀ ọ bụla) achọrọ naadịkarị ukwuu karịa nóebe ndị naabụghị karst: 98-99<ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes"/><ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes" /><ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes" />  [[Usòrò:December_Giant_sinkhole_collapse_USGS_1972.jpg|alt=More than three acres of trees are missing in a forest after collapsing into a funnel shaped pit with water at the bottom.|thumb|Ihe karịrị hekta atọ nke oké ọhịa na mberede furu efu n'ime olulu mmiri a "December Giant" na Montevallo, Alabama, USA.]] Nafọ 2015, U.S. Geological Survey mere atụmatụ na ọnụahịa maka nrụzi nke mmebi sitere na usoro metụtara karst dị ka ọ dịkarịa ala $ 300 nde kwa afọ nime afọ 15 gara aga, mana o kwuru na nke a nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu ihe naezughị ezu dabere na data ezughi oke.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70155910|title=The cost of karst subsidence and sinkhole collapse in the United States compared with other natural hazards|author=Weary|first=David J.|editor=Doctor|date=2015|publisher=University of South Florida|doi=10.5038/9780991000951|isbn=978-0-9910009-5-1|accessdate=30 May 2019}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke mmebi nke karst sinkhole na United States naeme na Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, na Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kuniansky|first=E.L.|date=2016|title=The current status of mapping karst areas and availability of public sinkhole-risk resources in karst terrains of the United States|url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10040-015-1333-3.pdf|journal=Hydrogeology Journal|volume=24|issue=3|doi=10.1007/s10040-015-1333-3|accessdate=5 May 2019}}</ref> Olulu mmiri kachasị ukwuu na nso nso a na USA nwere ike ịbụ nke e guzobere na 1972 na Montevallo, Alabama nihi na mmadụ mere ka mmiri dị ala nebe a naegwupụta nkume dị nso. "December Giant" ma ọ bụ "Golly Hole" sinkhole a naatụle 130 m (425 ft) ogologo, 105 m (350 ft) obosara na 45 m (150 ft) omimi: 1-2: 61-63<ref name="SinkholesResultingFromMan"/><ref name="BuildingOnSinkholes"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library.usgs.gov/photo/#/item/51ddc5cae4b0f72b44720f4b|title=Possibly the nation's largest recent sinkhole – the "December Giant" measuring 425 feet long, 350 feet wide and 150 feet deep – formed in central Alabama.|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=USGS Denver Library Photographic Collection|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=28 May 2019}}</ref>  Ebe ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ karst gụnyere Ebro Basin n'ebe ugwu [[Spain]]; agwaetiti Sardinia; ala mmiri nke Ịtali; mpaghara Chalk nebe ndịda England; Sichuan, [[China]]; [[Jamaikạ|Jamaica]]; [[France]]; [[Kroatia|Croatia]]<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Parise|first=M.|title=Natural and anthropogenic hazards in karst areas: an introduction|journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications|date=2007|volume=279|issue=1|pages=1–3|doi=10.1144/SP279.1}}</ref>; [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]; [[Slovenia]]; na Russia, ebe otu ụzọ nụzọ atọ nke ala niile dị nokpuru karst.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bonacci|first=O.|title=Karst flash floods: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)|journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences|date=31 March 2006|volume=6|issue=2|pages=195–203|doi=10.5194/nhess-6-195-2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tolmachev|first=Vladimir|title=Experience in Collapse Risk Assessment of Building on Covered Karst Landscapes in Russia|journal=Karst Management|date=2011|pages=75–102|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-1207-2_4}}</ref> == Ihe mere == [[Usòrò:AlapahaRiver2002.jpg|thumb|Mmiri niile na-asọ nelu Osimiri Alapaha dị nso na Jennings, Florida nabanye nime olulu mmiri naeduga na mmiri dị nokpuru ala nke Floridan Aquifer]] [[Usòrò:Gouffre-v-hdr.jpg|thumb|Gouffre de Padirac na France a maara kemgbe 3rd c. ma nyochaa na 1889]] [[Usòrò:240_Faithway_Drive_sinkhole,_2015.png|thumb|Olulu mmiri dị na Florida n'afọ 2015]] Sinkholes naemekarị na ala karst. [1] Ala karst nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ puku sinkholes nime obere ebe, naenye ala ahụ ọdịdị akara. Olulu mmiri ndị a naagbanye mmiri niile, nihi ya, ọ bụ naanị osimiri ndị dị n'okpuru ala dị nebe ndị a. Ihe atụ nke [[Mamo Plateau|ala]] karst nwere ọtụtụ nnukwu sinkholes gụnyere [[Khammouan Mountains|Ugwu Khammouan]] (Laos) na Mamo Plateau (Papua New Guinea).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnc3.co.tt/about/what-sinkhole|title=What is a sinkhole?|work=CNC3|accessdate=31 March 2016|date=14 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="wondermondo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Best/World/Sinkholes.htm|title=Largest and most impressive sinkholes of the world|publisher=Wondermondo|date=19 August 2010|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=14 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314152911/http://www.wondermondo.com/Best/World/Sinkholes.htm}}</ref> Nnukwu sinkholes a maara nke e guzobere na sandstone bụ Sima Humboldt na Sima Martel na [[Venezuela]].<ref name="wondermondo" /> Ụfọdụ sinkholes naemepụta nime nnukwu okpokoro nke homogeneous limestone. Ọdịdị ha naeme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe site na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, nke mmiri ozuzo dị ukwuu naakpata; mmiri ozuzo ndị dị otú ahụ naakpatakarị mmepụta nke nnukwu sinkholes na Ugwu Nakanaï, na agwaetiti New Britain na Papua New Guinea.<ref name="wondermondo2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Au/Papua/EastNewBritain/Nare.htm|title=Naré sinkhole|publisher=Wondermondo|date=5 August 2010|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231946/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Au/Papua/EastNewBritain/Nare.htm}}</ref> Osimiri ndị dị ike nokpuru ala nwere ike ịpụta na njikọ dị netiti limestone na nkume naadịghị agwakọta, naemepụta nnukwu oghere nokpuru. Nọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, nnukwu sinkholes a maara nụwa emeela, dị ka 662 mita miri emi (2,172 ) Xiaozhai Tiankeng (Chongqing, China), nnukwu sótanos na Querétaro na San Luis Potosí steeti na Mexico na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="wondermondo"/><ref name="Zhu_tiankeng">{{Cite journal|author=Zhu|first=Xuewen|title=Tiankengs in the karst of China|journal=Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers|year=2006|volume=4|pages=1–18|url=http://www.speleogenesis.info/pdf/SG9/SG9_artId3290.pdf|issn=1814-294X|accessdate=23 September 2010}}</ref> Usoro ndị a naadịghị ahụkebe emeela nnukwu sinkholes nke Sistema Zacatón na Tamaulipas (Mexico), ebe ihe karịrị sinkholes 20 na usoro karst ndị ọzọ ejirila mmiri ọkụ naekpo ọkụ, acidic n'okpuru ala kpụọ.<ref name="gary">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/jmsharp/zacaton/default.htm|title=Sistema Zacatón|publisher=by Marcus Gary|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2018-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214005659/http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/jmsharp/zacaton/default.htm}}</ref><ref name="wondermondo3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Mexico/Tamaulipas/SistemaZacaton.htm|title=Sistema Zacatón|publisher=Wondermondo|date=3 July 2010|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=8 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108043452/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Mexico/Tamaulipas/SistemaZacaton.htm}}</ref> Nke a emeela ka ọ bụghị naanị mmepụta nke olulu mmiri jupụtara n'ụwa - Zacatón - kamakwa usoro pụrụ iche nke travertine sedimentation nakụkụ elu nke olulu, naeduga na akara nke olulu ndị a na mkpuchi travertine.<ref name="wondermondo3" /> A maara steeti [[Flórídạ|Florida]] dị na North America maka inwe ọgba mmiri naada ugboro ugboro, ọkachasị nakụkụ etiti nke steeti ahụ. Limestone dị nokpuru ebe ahụ dị site na nde afọ 15 ruo 25. Nakụkụ steeti ahụ, sinkholes dị ụkọ ma ọ bụ naadịghị adị; limestone dị ihe dị ka afọ 120,000.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Tyler|author=Vazquez|title=The Hole Truth|url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2017/09/27/experts-say-sinkholes-unlikely-brevard-county/704151001/|work=Florida Today|pages=1A,2A|date=29 September 2017|accessdate=29 September 2017}}</ref> Mpaghara Murge dị nebe ndịda Ịtali nwekwara ọtụtụ olulu mmiri. Enwere ike ịmepụta oghere n'ime ọdọ mmiri naejigide mmiri site na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/geotech/geo_support/geophysics_geology/documents/geophysics_2002/114garman_sinkhole4.pdf|title=IDENTIFICATION AND DELINEATION OF SINKHOLE COLLAPSE HAZARDS IN FLORIDA USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING|author=William L. Wilson|publisher=Subsurface Evaluations, Inc.|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2017-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225215949/http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/geotech/geo_support/geophysics_geology/documents/geophysics_2002/114garman_sinkhole4.pdf}}</ref> Nala oké osimiri Arctic, ikuku methane emeela ka nnukwu olulu mepụta.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Paull|first=Charles K.|title=Rapid seafloor changes associated with the degradation of Arctic submarine permafrost|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=22 March 2022|volume=119|issue=12|pages=e2119105119|doi=10.1073/pnas.2119105119|pmid=35286188}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Katie Hunt|title=Holes the size of city blocks are forming in the Arctic seafloor|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/14/world/arctic-seafloor-holes-permafrost-scn/index.html|accessdate=2022-03-15|work=CNN}}</ref> == Ojiji mmadụ naeji ya eme ihe == A naeji oghere eme ihe ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ dị ka ebe a naekpofu ahịhịa maka ụdị ihe mkpofu dị iche iche. Nsonaazụ nke a bụ [[Mmetọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala|mmetọ nke]] ihe onwunwe mmiri dị nokpuru ala, naenwe mmetụta siri ike na ahụike nebe ndị dị otú ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Erchul|first=R.A.|year=1991|chapter=Illegal disposal in sinkholes: The threat and the solution.|title=Appalachian Karst: Proceedings of the Appalachian Karst Symposium. 1991|publisher=National Speleological Society|isbn=9780961509354}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vesper|first=D.J.|year=2001|title=Contaminant transport in karst aquifers.|journal=Theoretical and Applied Karstology|volume=13|pages=101–111|url=http://speleogenesis.info/directory/karstbase/pdf/seka_pdf4490.pdf|accessdate=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307215719/http://speleogenesis.info/directory/karstbase/pdf/seka_pdf4490.pdf|archive-date=7 March 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mmepeanya Maya naeji sinkholes na Yucatán Peninsula (nke a maara dị ka cenotes) dị ka ebe a naetinye ihe ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa na àjà mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140116-maya-mexico-yucatan-cenote-bones-haunted-taboo-archaeology-science/|title="Haunted" Maya Underwater Cave Holds Human Bones|date=16 January 2014|accessdate=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119212920/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140116-maya-mexico-yucatan-cenote-bones-haunted-taboo-archaeology-science/|archive-date=19 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe olulu mmiri dị omimi ma ọ bụ jikọọ ya na ọgba, ha nwere ike inye ihe ịma aka maka ndị nwere ahụmahụ ma ọ bụ, mgbe mmiri jupụtara, ndị naegwu mmiri. Ụfọdụ nime ndị kachasị mma bụ Zacatón cenote na Mexico (oghere mmiri jupụtara nụwa), oghere Boesmansgat na South Africa, Sarisariñama tepuy na Venezuela, Sótano del Barro na Mexico, na nobodo Mount Gambier, South Australia. A maara oghere ndị naetolite na coral reefs na agwaetiti ndị naadaba na nnukwu omimi dị ka oghere naacha anụnụ anụnụ ma naaghọkarị ebe a ma ama naegwu mmiri.<ref name="Rock_DivingBelize">{{Cite book|author=Rock|first=Tim|title=Diving & Snorkeling Belize|year=2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=9781740595315|edition=4th}}</ref>{{clear left}} == Aha obodo == [[Usòrò:Great_Blue_Hole.jpg|thumb|Great Blue Hole dị nso na Ambergris Caye, Belize]] Nnukwu oghere ndị a naadịghị ahụkebe amarala ndị obodo ahụ nke ọma kemgbe oge ochie. Noge ndị a, a naachịkọta sinkholes ma naakpọ aha na aha pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ aha nkịtị. E depụtara ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke aha ndị dị otú ahụ n'okpuru ebe a.<ref name="wondermondo4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Attractions/Sinkholes.htm|title=Sinkholes|date=19 August 2010|publisher=Wondermondo|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=10 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610044105/http://www.wondermondo.com/Attractions/Sinkholes.htm}}</ref> * '''Aven''' - Nebe ndịda France aha a pụtara ọgba nasụsụ Occitan. * Oghere ojii (ekwesịghị ịgbagwoju anya na '''oghere ojii''' nke mbara igwe) - Okwu a naezo aka nìgwè nke oghere pụrụ iche, gburugburu, jupụtara na mmiri na Bahamas. Ọdịdị ndị a yiri ka mmiri oké osimiri naagbaze nime apịtị carbonate site nelu. Ọchịchịrị nke mmiri naesite na mkpuchi nke microorganisms phototropic nke naelekwasị anya na mkpuchi, naacha odo odo na 15 ruo 20 m (49 ruo 66 ) omimi; mkpuchi a "naeri" ìhè. Metabolism na okpokoro nke microorganisms naakpata okpomọkụ nke mmiri. Otu nime ha bụ Black Hole nke Andros.<ref name="wondermondo5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Bahamas/SouthAndros/AndrosBlackHole.htm|title=Black Hole of Andros|date=17 August 2010|publisher=Wondermondo|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052825/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/Bahamas/SouthAndros/AndrosBlackHole.htm}}</ref> * Blue holes - A naenye aha a na mbụ na omimi sinkholes nke Bahamas mana a naejikarị ya eme ihe maka olulu mmiri ọ bụla jupụtara na nkume carbonate. Aha ahụ sitere na ụcha naacha anụnụ anụnụ nke mmiri na sinkholes ndị a, nke mmiri dị elu na nnukwu omimi nke sinkholes mepụtara; naanị ụcha naacha anụnụ uhie nke ụyọkọ a naahụ anya nwere ike ịbanye nime omimi dị otú ahụ ma laghachi mgbe ọ tụgharịrị. * Cenotes - Nke a naezo aka na sinkholes jupụtara na mmiri na Yucatán Peninsula, Belize na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ cenotes emeela na limestone nke a naetinye noké osimiri ndị naadịghị omimi nke mmetụta nke Chicxulub meteorite mepụtara. * Sótanos - A naenye ọtụtụ nnukwu olulu aha a n'ọtụtụ steeti nke Mexico. * Tiankengs - Ndị a bụ nnukwu olulu mmiri, nke na-adịkarị omimi ma obosara karịa 250 m (820 ft), nke nwere ọtụtụ mgbidi kwụ ọtọ, nke a na-emekarị site na ọdịda nke ọgba. Okwu a pụtara oghere igwe na Chinese; ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị oghere mmiri a kachasị ukwuu dị na China: 64<ref name="Waltham2005"/>  * '''[[Tomo (sinkhole)|Tomo]]''' - A naeji okwu a eme ihe na mba karst nke New Zealand iji kọwaa oghere ite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waikatoregion.govt.nz/services/regional-services/regional-hazards-and-emergency-management/subsidence/|title=Subsidence|work=Waikato Regional Council|language=en-NZ|accessdate=25 January 2018}}</ref> == Ọkpụkpọ pseudokarst == Oghere mmiri nke Guatemala City nke afọ 2010 malitere na mberede na Mee nke afọ ahụ; a naata nnukwu mmiri ozuzo sitere na Tropical Storm Agatha na usoro mmiri dị njọ ụta maka okike ya. O riri ụlọ nwere okpukpu atọ na ụlọ; ọ tụrụ ihe dịka 20 (66 ft) nobosara na 30 m (98 ) nomimi. [1] E guzobere oghere yiri nke ahụ na Febụwarị 2007.<ref name="LUN_quediablos">{{Cite news|author=Vidal|first=Luis|title=¿Que diablos provoco este escalofriante hoyo?|url=http://www.lun.com/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?dt=2010-06-02&NewsID=95483&BodyID=0&PaginaId=14|accessdate=20 March 2013|work=Las Ultimas Noticias|date=2 June 2010|language=es}}</ref> Nnukwu oghere a kwụ ọtọ abụghị ezigbo oghere, ebe ọ naemeghị site na mgbawa nke limestone, dolomite, marble, ma ọ bụ nkume ọ bụla ọzọ naagbaze na mmiri.<ref name="Waltham2008">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1144/1470-9236/07-211|title=Sinkhole hazard case histories in karst terrains|year=2008|author=Waltham|first=T.|journal=Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology|volume=41|issue=3|pages=291–300}}</ref><ref name="Halliday2007">{{Cite journal|author=Halliday|first=W.R.|title=Pseudokarst in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Cave and Karst Studies|year=2007|volume=69|issue=1|pages=103–113|url=http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/v69/cave-69-01-103.pdf|accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref> Kama nke ahụ, ha bụ ihe atụ nke "pseudokarst" nke e mepụtara site na ọdịda nke nnukwu oghere ndị mepụtara na ebe na-adịghị ike, nke naagbawa agbawa nke Quaternary dị nokpuru obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ naadịghị ike ma naagbawa agbawa, ihe ndị a naagbọpụta ọkụ nwere njikọ zuru ezu iji nye ha ohere iguzo nihu kwụ ọtọ ma mepụta nnukwu oghere dị nokpuru ala nime ha. Usoro a naakpọ "ụgbọ ala" bu ụzọ mepụta nnukwu oghere n'okpuru ala, ka mmiri si na mmiri naagbapụta na-agafe nime ebe ndị a naagbọpụta ọkụ ma jiri ígwè naasacha ihe ndị dị mma nke ugwu mgbawa nime ha, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ naagbaze ma wepụ ihe ndị siri ike. Nikpeazụ, oghere ndị a dị nokpuru ala buru ibu nke na elu ụlọ ha dara iji mepụta nnukwu oghere.<ref name="Waltham2008" /> == Oghere okpueze == Oghere okpueze bụ ọdịda nihi ọrụ mmadụ nokpuru ala, dị ka igwu ala na oghere ndị agha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gyproc.ie/subsidence-incident|title=Subsidence Incident &#124; Gyproc|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2023-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930052133/https://www.gyproc.ie/subsidence-incident}}</ref><ref name="magheracloone">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/regional/2020/0417/1132198-crownhole-monaghan/|title=Crown hole appears in Magheracloone, Co Monaghan|journal=RTÉ News|date=17 April 2020|author=Hussey|first=Sinéad}}</ref> Ihe atụ gụnyere, ihe atụ ndị dị nelu oghere Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Ypres, [[Belgium]]; nakụkụ ebe a naegwupụta ihe na Nitra, [[Slovakia]]; ebe a naebe a naegwute nkume limestone na Dudley, England; na nelu ebe a na naegwe ihe ochie na Magheracloone, Ireland.<ref name="LLHungary" /><ref name="LLHungary">{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/nostalgia/spare-thought-cricket-club-went-13767093|title=The cricket club that went down the hole|date=16 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Landscapes and Landforms of Hungary – World Geomorphological Landscapes|title=The Crater Lakes of Nagyhegyes|year=2015}}</ref><ref name="magheracloone" /> == Ihe atụ ndị a ma ama == [[Usòrò:Oman2-056_(8479895991).jpg|thumb|Bimmah ma ọ bụ Falling Star Sinkhole na Oman]] === N'Africa === * Boesmansgat - olulu mmiri dị ọcha nke South Africa, ihe dịka 290 m (950 ) miri emi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Beaumont|first=P.B.|title=On a timescale for the past million years of human history in central South Africa|journal=South African Journal of Science|date=May–June 2006|volume=102|pages=217–228|issn=0038-2353}}</ref> * Ọdọ Mmiri Kashiba - Zambia. Ihe dị ka hekta 3.5 (8.6 acres) na mpaghara na ihe dị ka 100 m (330 ) omimi. === N'Eshia === * Blue Hole - Dahab, Egypt. Olulu mmiri gbara gburugburu ma ọ bụ oghere naacha anụnụ anụnụ, 130 m (430 ) miri emi. Ọ naagụnye ụzọ naeduga nOké Osimiri Uhie na 60 m (200 ), nke bụ ebe ọtụtụ nnwere onwe na mgbalị scuba, nke ikpeazụ naegbu egbu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Halls|first=Monty|title=Scuba diving|year=2006|publisher=DK Pub.|location=New York|isbn=9780756619497|edition=1st American|url=https://archive.org/details/scubadiving0000hall/page/267}}</ref> * Akhayat sinkhole dị na Mersin Province, Turkey. Ọdịdị ya dị ihe dị ka 150 (490 ft) nobosara na omimi kachasị nke 70 m (230 ). * Olulu mmiri nke Barhout - Yemen. Ọgba dị omimi dị mita 112 (367 ) na Al-Mahara, Yemen. * Bimmah Sinkhole (Hawiyat Najm, Falling Star Sinkhole, Dibab Sinkhole) - Oman, ihe dịka 30 m (98 ) miri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rajendran|first=Sankaran|year=2014|title=ASTER mapping of limestone formations and study of caves, springs and depressions in parts of Sultanate of Oman|journal=Environmental Earth Sciences|volume=71|issue=1|pages=133–146, figure 9d (page 142), page 144|doi=10.1007/s12665-013-2419-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258244404}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/Oman/Muscat/Bimmah.htm|title=Bimmah sinkhole|date=3 February 2013|publisher=Wondermondo|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=1 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201063127/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/Oman/Muscat/Bimmah.htm}}</ref> * [[Baatara gorge sinkhole|Olulu mmiri Baatara]] na nsụda mmiri Baatara dị nakụkụ Tannourine na [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]] * [[Dashiwei Tiankeng]] na Guangxi, China, dị 613 m (2,011 ) miri emi, nwere mgbidi kwụ ọtọ. Nala bụ mpaghara ọhịa dịpụrụ adịpụ nke nwere ụdị dị iche iche dị ụkọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Zhu, Xuewen|year=2003|title=广西乐业大石围天坑群发现探测定义与研究|publisher=Guangxi Scientific and Technical Publishers|location=Nanning, Guangxi, China|isbn=978-7-80666-393-6}}</ref> * Dragon Hole, nke dị nebe ndịda nke Paracel Islands, bụ olulu mmiri kachasị omimi nokpuru mmiri nụwa. Ọ dị 300.89 m (987.2 ) miri emi.<ref name="xinhaunet">{{Cite news|title=China Exclusive: South China Sea "blue hole" declared world's deepest|work=New China|publisher=Xinhua|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/23/c_135534400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724153235/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/23/c_135534400.htm|archive-date=2016-07-24|access-date=2023-08-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="washpost">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/07/26/researchers-just-discovered-the-worlds-deepest-underwater-sinkhole-in-the-south-china-sea/|title=Researchers just discovered the world's deepest underwater sinkhole in the South China Sea|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> * Shaanxi tiankeng cluster, na Daba Mountains nke ndịda Shaanxi, China, naekpuchi ebe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ square kilomita 5019 na nnukwu olulu mmiri bụ mita 520 n'obosara na mita 320 omimi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=陕西发现天坑群地质遗迹并发现少见植物和飞猫|publisher=Sohu.com Inc.|url=http://news.sohu.com/20161124/n474066542.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 November 2016|title=时事新闻--解密汉中天坑群——改写地质历史的世界级"自然博物馆"|publisher=Hanzhong People's Municipal Government|url=http://www.zb.gov.cn/ssxw/zbxw/201611/t20161125_373374.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127164343/http://www.zb.gov.cn/ssxw/zbxw/201611/t20161125_373374.html|archivedate=27 November 2016}}</ref> * [[Teiq Sinkhole]] (Taiq, Teeq, Tayq) na Oman bụ otu n'ime nnukwu sinkholes nụwa site na oke: 90,000,000 m (3.2×109 ). Ọtụtụ wadis na-adịgide adịgide na-ada na nsụda mmiri dị egwu nime oghere miri emi 250 m (820 ).<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 January 2015|title=Dhofar caves: A tourist's paradise|work=Muscat Daily|url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Oman/Dhofar-caves-A-tourist-s-paradise-3qrf/(language)/eng-GB}}</ref> * Xiaozhai Tiankeng - Chongqing, China. Oghere mmiri nwere oghere abụọ nwere mgbidi kwụ ọtọ, 662 m (2,172 ) miri emi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zhu|first=Xuewen|year=2006|title=Tiankeng: definition and description|journal=Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1–8, Fig. 4. Structural interpretation of Xiaozhai Tiankeng, page 4|url=http://speleogenesis.info/pdf/SG9/SG9_artId3292.pdf|accessdate=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207065222/http://speleogenesis.info/pdf/SG9/SG9_artId3292.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Na Caribbean === * Dean's Blue Hole - Bahamas. Olulu mmiri nke abụọ a maara nokpuru oké osimiri, omimi 203 m (666 ). Ebe a ma ama maka asọmpi ụwa nke free diving, yana ntụrụndụ diving. === Na Central America === * Great Blue Hole - Belize. Ọmarịcha, oghere dị gburugburu, 124 m (407 ) miri. Ihe ndị a naadịghị ahụkebe bụ stalactites naagbadata na omimi, nke naegosi ebe mbụ nke ọkwa limestone dị mgbe olulu mmiri a dị n'elu oke osimiri. * 2007 Olulu mmiri nke Guatemala City * 2010 Mmiri ozuzo nke Guatemala City === Na Europe === * Hranice Abyss, nke dị na mpaghara Moravia nke Czech Republic, bụ ọgba kachasị omimi n'okpuru mmiri nụwa. Ogologo ala a kwadoro (dị ka 27 Septemba 2016) bụ 473 m (404 m n'okpuru ọkwa mmiri). * Pozzo del Merro, nso Rome, Ịtali. Na ala nke olulu conical 80 (260 ft), na dịka 400 m (1,300 ) miri emi, ọ bụ otu nime olulu mmiri miri emi n'ụwa (lee Sótano del Barro n'okpuru). * Ọdọ Mmiri Uhie - [[Kroatia|Croatia]]. Ihe dị ka 530 (1,740 ft) oghere miri emi nke nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbidi kwụ ọtọ, nwere ihe dị ka 280-290 m (920-950 ) ọdọ mmiri miri emi. * Ọwara Padirac - France Ọ dị 103 m (338 ) miri emi, na dayameta nke 33 mita (108 ụkwụ). Ndị nleta naagbadata mita 75 site na lift ma ọ bụ steepụ gaa nọdọ mmiri naenye ohere njem ụgbọ mmiri mgbe ha banyere nime usoro ọgba nke nwere osimiri dị nokpuru ala nke dị kilomita 55. * Vouliagmeni - Gris. A maara olulu mmiri nke Vouliagmeni dị ka "Olulu Ekwensu", [ odide dị mkpa] nihi na a naewere ya dị ka ihe dị oke egwu. Mmadụ anọ naegwu mmiri anwụọla na ya.<ref name="vogliameni">{{Cite news|author=Schonauer|first=Scott|title=Missing American divers will be laid to rest after 30 years|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/missing-american-divers-will-be-laid-to-rest-after-30-years-1.66763|accessdate=28 April 2013|work=Stars and Stripes|date=21 July 2007}}</ref> Ogologo oimi nke 35.2 m (115 in) na ịbanye n'akụkụ nke 150 m (490 ). * Pouldergaderry - Ireland. Olulu mmiri a dị n'obodo Kilderry South dị nso na Milltown, County Kerry na {{Coor|52|7|57.5|N|9|44|45.4|W|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.ie/maps/place/52%C2%B007%2757.5%22N+9%C2%B044%2745.4%22W/@52.1324101,-9.7467001,2000m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|title=52°07'57.5"N 9°44'45.4"W · Kilderry South, Co. Kerry, Ireland|work=52°07'57.5"N 9°44'45.4"W · Kilderry South, Co. Kerry, Ireland}}</ref>  Sinkhole ahụ, nke dị na mpaghara ebe akwa karst, dị ihe dịka mita 80 (260 ft) na dayameta yana mita 30 (98 ft) miri emi nke nwere ọtụtụ osisi tozuru oke naeto nala nke oghere ahụ. Nogo nke ala gbara ya gburugburu, sinkhole ahụ naekpuchi ihe dịka 1.3 acres. E gosiputara ọnụnọ ya na map Survey Ordnance malitere laa azụ na 1829. === Na North America === ==== Mexico ==== * Ọgba nke Swallows - San Luis Potosí. 372 m (1,220 ) miri emi, oghere dị gburugburu nwere mgbidi dị elu. * Puebla sinkhole - Santa Maria Zacatepec, Puebla. 120 m (400 ft) n'obosara na 15 m (50 ) omimi, ọ ka na-eto eto ka ọ na-erule June 2021[update].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Guzman|first=Joseph|title=A sinkhole larger than a football field has appeared in Mexico — and it's still growing|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/environment/557844-a-sinkhole-larger-than-a-football-field-has|work=TheHill|accessdate=June 11, 2021|language=en|date=2021-06-10}}</ref> * Sima de las Cotorras - Chiapas. 160 m (520 ft) n'obosara, 140 m (460 ) miri emi, na ọtụtụ puku parakeets na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ihe osise nkume oge ochie. * Zacatón - Tamaulipas. Olulu mmiri kacha omimi , 339 m (1,112 ) omimi. [nkọwa ọzọ dị mkpa] ==== United States ==== * Amberjack Hole - oghere na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke dị 48 (30 mi) nụsọ oké osimiri Sarasota, Florida. * Bayou Corne sinkhole - Assumption Parish, Louisiana. Ihe dị ka 25 acres na 230 m (750 ) omimi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wines|first=Michael|title=Ground Gives Way, and a Louisiana Town Struggles to Find Its Footing|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/26/us/ground-gives-way-and-a-louisiana-town-struggles-to-find-its-footing.html|accessdate=26 September 2013|work=New York Times|date=25 September 2013}}</ref> * Blue Hole - Santa Rosa, New Mexico. Ọnụ ụzọ mbata dị nelu bụ naanị 80 feet (24 ) nobosara, ọ naagbasa ruo 130 feet (40 m) nobosara nala. * Daisetta Sinkholes - Daisetta, Texas. E epụtara ọtụtụ sinkholes, nke kachasị ọhụrụ na 2008 na oke obosara nke 620 ft (190 ) na oke omimi nke 45 m (150 ).<ref>{{Cite news|author=Horswell|first=Cindy|title=Daisetta sinkhole still a mystery 8 months after it formed|url=http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Daisetta-sinkhole-still-a-mystery-8-months-after-1605010.php|accessdate=29 June 2013|work=Houston Chronicle|date=5 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Blumenthal|first=Ralph|title=Sinkhole and Town: Now You See It|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/us/09sinkhole.html?em&ex=1210478400&en=d764ffeb80ef3667&ei=5087%0A&_r=0|accessdate=29 June 2013|work=The New York Times|date=9 May 2008}}</ref> * Devil's Millhopper - Gainesville, Florida. 35 (120 ) omimi, 500 (150 m) obosara. Isi iyi iri na abụọ, ụfọdụ naahụ anya karịa ndị ọzọ, na-enye ọdọ mmiri dị na ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.floridastateparks.org/devilsmillhopper|title=Devils Millhopper Geological State Park|publisher=Floridastateparks.org|accessdate=3 May 2014|archivedate=2 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102012348/http://www.floridastateparks.org/devilsmillhopper/}}</ref> * Golly Hole ma ọ bụ December Giant - Calera, Alabama. E wepụtara ya nụbọchị nke abụọ nọnwa Disemba afọ 1972. Ihe dị ka 300 site na 325 ft (91 site na 99 ) na 35 (120 ) miri emi.<ref>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cBIdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MpwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5787%2C5468505 Nation's largest sinkhole may be near Montevallo]" (29 March 1973) ''The Tuscaloosa News''</ref> * Grassy Cove - Cumberland County, Tennessee. 13.6 km2 (5.3 mi) na mpaghara na 42.7 m (140 in) omimi, National Natural Landmark.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tnlandforms.us/landforms/m.php?wpt=CUX001|author=Dunigan, Tom|title=Grassy Cove|work=Tennessee Landforms|accessdate=11 March 2014|archivedate=11 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181655/http://tnlandforms.us/landforms/m.php?wpt=CUX001}}</ref> * Green Banana Hole - oghere naacha anụnụ anụnụ nke dị 80 (50 mi) nụsọ oké osimiri Sarasota, Florida. * Gypsum Sinkhole - Utah, na Capitol Reef National Park. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 15 (49 ft) nobosara na ihe dịka 60 m (200 ) omimi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cathedral Valley – Capitol Reef National Park|url=http://www.nps.gov/care/planyourvisit/cathedralvalley.htm|publisher=National Park Service, US Dept of Interior|accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref> * Ọdọ Mmiri Kingsley - Clay County, Florida. 8.1 km2 (2,000 acres) nógbè, 27 m (89 ) miri emi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ gburugburu. * Ọdọ Mmiri Peigneur - New Iberia, Louisiana. Ogologo oge bụ 3.4 m (11 ft), ugbu a 400 m (1,300 ) na Diamond Crystal Salt Mine collapse. * Winter Park Sinkhole - Winter Park, Florida. E wepụtara ya na 8 Mee 1981. Ọ dị ihe dịka 110 (350 ft) nobosara na 25 m (75 ) omimi. Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama dị ka otu nime nnukwu sinkholes naadịbeghị anya na United States. A maara ya ugbu a dị ka Lake Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Huber, Red|date=13 November 2012|title=Looking back at Winter Park's famous sinkhole|work=Orlando Sentinel|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/os-fla360-looking-back-at-winter-parks-famous-sinkhole-20121113-story.html}}</ref> === Na Oceania === * Harwood Hole - Abel Tasman National Park, New Zealand. 183 m (600 ) miri. === Na South America === * Sima Humboldt - Bolívar, Venezuela. Olulu mmiri kachasị ukwuu na sandstone, 314 m (1,030 ) miri emi, na mgbidi kwụ ọtọ. Ọhịa pụrụ iche, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ nala. * Nakụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Cerro Duida, Venezuela, e nwere mgbagwoju anya nke canyons nwere sinkholes. Olulu miri kachasị omimi bụ 450 m (1,480 ft) omimi (site na ala kachasị ala n'ime canyon); omimi 950 m (3,120 ). == Hụkwa ==   == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 33n0jlbbjocjn1xatvhzfdo7uxb539t 0 29664 728232 723055 2026-09-26T14:46:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728232 wikitext text/x-wiki   Oké ifufe bụ ọnọdụ ọ bụla naemetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ikuku nke ihe dị na mbara igwe. [ntụgharị dị mkpa] Enwere ike iji nnukwu nsogbu mee ihe na ọnọdụ dị mma dị ka ifufe siri ike, tornadoes, akụ́ mmiri igwe, égbè eluigwe na àmụ̀mà (oké mmiri ozuzo, oké [[mmiri ozuzo]]), oké mmiri ozu (oké ifufe ice), ifufe siri ọnwụ (oké ifuf (oké ifufa okpomọkụ, '''oké ifufe'''), naebugharị ụfọdụ nime ikuku dị ka noké ifufe uzuzu, n'etiti ụdị ihu igwe. Oké ifufe nwere ike imerụ ndụ na ihe onwunwe site na oke mmiri ozuzo, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ snow naakpata idei mmiri ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ịgafe nokporo ụzọ, àmụ̀mà, ọkụ ọhịa, na ikuku kwụ ọtọ na nke kwụ ọtọ. Usoro nwere nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na ogologo oge naenyere aka belata ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nebe ha naagafe. Nnukwu snow nwere ike ikwe ka ihe ntụrụndụ pụrụ iche mee nke naagaghị ekwe omume ma ọ bụghị ya, dị ka ịgba ọsọ na snowmobiling. Okwu [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] sitere na Proto-German *''sturmaz'' nke pụtara "ụda, ọgba aghara".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/storm|title=Storm|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|accessdate=5 February 2018}}</ref> A naemepụta oké ifufe mgbe etiti nke nrụgide dị ala naetolite na usoro nke nrụgide siri ike gbara ya gburugburu. Njikọ a nke ike ndị naemegide onwe ha nwere ike ịmepụta ifufe ma mee ka e nwee igwe ojii dị ka cumulonimbus. Obere ebe dị ala nke nrụgide dị ala nwere ike ịmepụta site na ikuku naekpo ọkụ naesi nala naekwo ekwo naebili, naakpata obere nsogbu dị ka ntụ na ifufe. == Ụdị ==   E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị na aha maka oké ifufe: == Nchịkọta == Nkọwa siri ike nke ihu igwe nke oké ifufe nke ụwa bụ ifufe naatụle 10 ma ọ bụ karịa na ọkwa Beaufort, nke pụtara ọsọ ifufe nke 24.5 m / s (89 km / h, 55 mph) ma ọ bụ ihe karịrị; Otú ọ dị, ojiji a ma ama abụghị ihe mgbochi. Oké ifufe nwere ike ịdịru n'ebe ọ bụla site na awa 12 ruo 200, dabere na oge na ala. Na North America, a naahụ oké ifufe ọwụwa anyanwụ na nebe ugwu ọwụwa Anyanwụ maka ugboro ugboro na ogologo oge, ọkachasị noge oyi. Nnukwu oké ifufe naagbanwe ọnọdụ nke oké osimiri nke nwere ike imetụta ụbara nri na nkesa: ebili mmiri siri ike, oke mmiri, mmụba nke siltation, mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ mmiri, ịtụgharị na kọlụm mmiri, wdg. {{Clear}} == Oké ifufe ndị ọzọ == [[Usòrò:PIA02863_-_Jupiter_surface_motion_animation.gif|thumb|Nnukwu Ebe Uhie na Jupiter]] Ọ bụghị nanị na oké ifufe naeme nuwa; mbara ala ndị ọzọ nke nwere ikuku zuru oke (gasị ndị dike karịsịa) naenwekwa oke ihu igwe. The Great Red Spot on Jupiter naenye ihe atụ ama ama. Ọ bụ ezie na nkà na ụzụ bụ anticyclone, nke nwere nnukwu ifufe ifufe naagba ọsọ, ọ kariri ụwa ma ọ dịgidere ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 340, ebe onye naenyocha mbara igwe bụ Giovanni Domenico Cassini hụrụ ya. Neptune nwekwara nnukwu ebe gbara ọchịchịrị amachaghị nke ya. Na Septemba 1994, teliskop Hubble Space – naeji Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 – na-ese onyinyo oke mmiri ozuzo na Saturn sitere na mbuli elu nke ikuku naekpo ọkụ, nke yiri isi égbè eluigwe. Ogologo ọwụwa anyanwụọdịda anyanwụ nke oke ifufe ahụ notu afọ ruru dayameta nke Ụwa. A hụrụ oké ifufe ahụ na mbido Septemba 1990 wee nweta aha Dragọn Storm. Oké ifufe uzuzu nke Mars dịgasị iche iche nibu, mana ọ naenwekarị ike ikpuchi mbara ala dum. Ha naemekarị mgbe Mars nabịaru anyanwụ nso, a gosikwara na ha naeme ka okpomọkụ ụwa dịkwuo elu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Philips|first=Tony|date=2001-07-16|title=Planet Gobbling Dust Storms|work=NASA Science News|accessdate=2006-06-07|url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast16jul_1/|archivedate=2010-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526230133/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast16jul_1/}}</ref> Otu nnukwu oke mmiri ozuzo nke ndị Mars ka a mụrụ nke ọma nso n'ihi oge dabara adaba. Mgbe ụgbọ elu mbụ nke gara nke ọma naagba gburugburu ụwa ọzọ, Mariner 9, bịarutere wee gbagharịa Mars nke ọma na 14 Nọvemba 1971, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mbara ụwa tụrụ anya ịhụ ikuku jupụtara na uwe elu nke uzuzu zuru ụwa ọnụ, oke mmiri ozuzo kacha hụtụrụla na Mars. Ekpuchighị elu nke mbara ala ahụ kpamkpam. E megharịrị kọmpụta Mariner 9 site n'ụwa ka ọ gbuo oge ịse n'elu maka ọnwa ole na ole ruo mgbe uzuzu dakwasịrị, agbanyeghị, ihe onyonyo ndị dị n'elu kpuchiri ekpuchi nyere aka na nchịkọta nke mbara igwe na mbara ala ụwa. A maara mbara ala abụọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na ha nwere oké ifufe: HD 209458 b<ref>{{Cite news|author=Rincon|first=Paul|title='Superstorm' rages on exoplanet|work=[[BBC News]] London|date=23 June 2010}}</ref> na HD 80606 b. A chọpụtara oké ifufe nke mbụ na June 23, 2010 ma tụọ ya na 6,200 km / h (3,900 mph), ebe nke ikpeazụ na-emepụta ifufe nke 17,700 km / h (11,000 ) gafee n'elu. Njem nke mbara ala ahụ na-emepụta nnukwu ifufe na-agbagharị agbagharị nke na-ebu okpomọkụ n'elu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Boyle|first=Alan|title=10 Types Of Alien Weather That Put Earth To Shame|url=http://listverse.com/2014/06/16/10-types-of-alien-weather-that-put-earth-to-shame/|work=Listverse|accessdate=2014-06-16|date=2014-06-16}}</ref> == Mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'etiti mmadụ == [[Usòrò:Train_stuck_in_snow.jpg|thumb|Mgbochi snow na ndịda Minnesota na 1881]] [[Usòrò:Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg|thumb|Nlaghachi azụ, égbè eluigwe na ala na-akụ n'oge égbè eluigwe.]] [[Usòrò:Flaming_Rain_at_Sunset.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Oké ifufe na-acha n'ọzara Mojave na ọdịda anyanwụ.]] [[Usòrò:Desert_Electric.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ìhè na-enwu n'oge oké ifufe nke ọzara n'oge mgbede]] Ụgbọ mmiri na-ekpu na-adịkarị na oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ. Ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme, yana mmetụta na nka na akwụkwọ.<ref>Edward N. Rappaport and Jose Fernandez-Partagas. [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadly.shtml? The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996.] Retrieved on 2008-01-01.</ref> Otu ajọ ifufe mere ka ndị Spain merie ndị France maka ịchịkwa Fort Caroline, na n'ikpeazụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri Atlantic nke North America, na 1565.<ref>Sun-Sentinel. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140814055439/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/weather/hurricane/sfl-hc-history-1495to1800,0,3354030.htmlstory Hurricane timeline: 1495 to 1800.] Retrieved on 2007-10-03.</ref> Ifufe siri ike sitere na ụdị oké ifufe ọ bụla nwere ike imebi ma ọ bụ bibie ụgbọala, ụlọ, àkwà mmiri, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'èzí, na-agbanwe ihe mkpofu na-enweghị isi ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-efe efe. Na United States, nnukwu ajọ ifufe na-agụnye naanị 21% nke ajọ ifufe niile na-ada n'ebe okpomọkụ, mana ha na-akpata 83% nke mmebi niile.<ref name="faqd5">{{Cite web|author=Chris Landsea|year=1998|title=How does the damage that hurricanes cause increase as a function of wind speed?|publisher=Hurricane Research Division|accessdate=2007-02-24|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D5.html}}</ref> Oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ na-emekarị ka ọtụtụ iri ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ ghara inwe ike, na-egbochi nkwurịta okwu dị mkpa ma na-egide mbọ nnapụta.<ref name="Power failures">{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=2005-08-30|title=Hurricane Katrina Situation Report #11|publisher=Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) [[United States Department of Energy]]|accessdate=2007-02-24|url=http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/docs/katrina/katrina_083005_1600.pdf}}</ref> Oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ na-emekarị ka àkwà mmiri, okporo ụzọ, na okporo ụzọ, bụrụ ihe mgbagwoju anya iji buru nri, mmiri dị ọcha, na ọgwụ gaa n'ebe ndị chọrọ ya. Ọzọkwa, mmebi nke oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ kpatara n'ụlọ na ụlọ nwere ike ịkpata mmebi akụ na ụba na mpaghara, na ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ.<ref name="oxfo">{{Cite journal|author=James M. Shultz, Jill Russell and Zelde Espinel|year=2005|title=Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development|journal=Epidemiologic Reviews|volume=27|pages=21–35|doi=10.1093/epirev/mxi011|pmid=15958424}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJames_M._Shultz,_Jill_Russell_and_Zelde_Espinel2005">James M. Shultz, Jill Russell and Zelde Espinel (2005). [[doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011|"Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development"]]. ''Epidemiologic Reviews''. Oxford Journal. '''27''': 21–35. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi011|10.1093/epirev/mxi011]]</span>. [[PMID (ihe njirimara)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15958424 15958424].</cite></ref> Oké ifufe, ma ọ bụ mmụba nke oke osimiri n'ihi oké ifufe ahụ, bụ mmetụta kachasị njọ site na oké ifufe na-ada n'ebe okpomọkụ, na-akpata 90% nke ọnwụ oké ifufe.<ref name="oxfo"/> Mmiri na-arịwanye elu ngwa ngwa n'elu oké osimiri nwere ike ịkwaga kilomita / kilomita n'ime ala, na-eme ka ụlọ jupụta ma na-egbochi ụzọ mgbapụ. Oké ifufe na ifufe nke oké ifufe nwere ike imebi ihe owuwu ndị mmadụ mere, mana ha na-akpalikwa mmiri nke ọnụ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke bụ ebe dị mkpa maka ịzụ azụ. Lightning si n'ígwé ojii gaa n'ala na-emekarị n'ime ihe omume nke égbè eluigwe ma nwee ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ maka ala na ndị mmadụ. Otu n'ime ihe ize ndụ ndị ọzọ àmụ̀mà nwere ike ibute bụ ọkụ ọhịa ha nwere ike ịgba ọkụ.<ref name="Scott2000">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00192-9|title=The Pre-Quaternary history of fire|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_palaeogeography-palaeoclimatology-palaeoecology_2000-12_164_1-4/page/281|year=2000|author=Scott, A|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=164|issue=1–4|pages=281–329}}</ref> N'okpuru usoro mmiri ozuzo dị ala (LP), ebe obere mmiri ozuzo nọ, mmiri ozuzo enweghị ike igbochi ọkụ ịmalite mgbe ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ ka àmụ̀mà na-emepụta oke okpomọkụ.<ref name="ufl">{{Cite web|url=http://plaza.ufl.edu/rakov/Gas.html|title=Lightning Makes Glass|accessdate=November 7, 2007|publisher=[[University of Florida]], Gainesville|year=1999|author=Vladimir A. Rakov|archivedate=November 11, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111165830/http://plaza.ufl.edu/rakov/Gas.html}}</ref> Ọkụ ọhịa nwere ike ibibi ahịhịa na ụdị dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọkụ ọhịa nke na-eme n'akụkụ obodo ukwu nwere ike imebi akụrụngwa, ụlọ, ihe ọkụkụ, ma nye ihe ize ndụ maka mgbawa, ma ọ bụrụ na ọkụ ahụ ekpughe na paịpụ gas. Mmebi ihu na ihu nke égbè eluigwe kpatara na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hughston.com/hha/a_12_3_4.htm|title=Lightning and Its Hazards|author=Bruce Getz|publisher=Hughston Sports Medicine Foundation|date=2009-01-09|accessdate=2009-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124020843/http://www.hughston.com/hha/a_12_3_4.htm|archivedate=2010-01-24}}</ref> N'ógbè ndị nwere oke ọkụ na-enwu gbaa, dị ka [[Flórídạ|Florida]], ọkụ na-akpata ọtụtụ ọnwụ kwa afọ, ọkachasị ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'èzí.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ams.confex.com/ams/88Annual/techprogram/paper_132808.htm|title=P2.13 Florida lightning deaths and injuries 2004–2007|author=Charles H. Paxton, J. Colson and N. Carlisle|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|year=2008|accessdate=2009-09-05}}</ref> Mmiri ozuzo nwere ikike dị ala nke hydrogen (pH), nke a makwaara dị ka mmiri ozuzo acid, bụkwa ihe ize ndụ na-esikarị na àmụ̀mà. Mmiri a mịrị amị, nke na-enweghị carbon dioxide, nwere pH na-anọpụ iche nke 7. Mmiri nwere pH na-erughị 7 bụ acidic, ndị nwere pH karịrị 7 bụ bases. Mmiri ozuzo "dị ọcha" ma ọ bụ nke a na-emetọghị emetọ nwere pH acid nke ihe dị ka 5.2, n'ihi na carbon dioxide na mmiri dị n'ikuku na-agbakọta ọnụ iji mepụta carbonic acid, acid na-adịghị ike (pH 5.6 na mmiri distilled), mana mmiri ozuzo na-emetụbeghị emetọ nwekwara kemịkal ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=G. E. Likens, W. C. Keene, J. M. Miller and J. N. Galloway|year=1987|title=Chemistry of precipitation from a remote, terrestrial site in Australia|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=92|issue=13|pages=299–314|doi=10.1029/JA092iA01p00299}}</ref> Nitric oxide dị n'oge égbè eluigwe, nke sitere na nkewa nke nitrogen molecules, nwere ike ịkpata mmepụta nke mmiri ozuzo acid, ma ọ bụrụ na nitric oxide na mmiri mmiri na mmiri ozuzo, si otú a na-emepụta mmiri ozuzo.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tropospheric sources of NOx: Lightning and biology|url=https://archive.org/details/atmospheric-environment-1967_1984_18_9/page/1797|author=Joel S. Levine|doi=10.1016/0004-6981(84)90355-X|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=18|issue=9|pages=1797–1804|year=1984|pmid=11540827}}</ref> Mmiri ozuzo acid nwere ike imebi akụrụngwa nwere calcite ma ọ bụ kemịkal ndị ọzọ siri ike nwere carbon. Na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmiri ozuzo acid nwere ike ịgbaze anụ ahụ nke ahịhịa ma mee ka usoro acidization dị n'ime mmiri na n'ime ala, na-akpata ọnwụ nke ihe ndị dị n'oké osimiri na nke ala.<ref name="EPA">{{Cite web|author=Office of Air and Radiation Clean Air Markets Division|url=http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/surface_water.html|title=Effects of Acid Rain&nbsp;– Surface Waters and own Aquatic Animals|accessdate=2009-09-05|date=2008-12-01|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514121649/http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/surface_water.html|archive-date=2009-05-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mmebi nke akụ́ mmiri igwe na elu ụlọ na-apụtakarị n'amaghị ama ruo mgbe a hụrụ mmebi ihe owuwu ọzọ, dị ka mgbapụta ma ọ bụ oghere. O siri ike ịmata mmebi nke akụ́ mmiri igwe na elu ụlọ ndị e ji shingled mee na elu ụlọ dị larịị, mana elu ụlọ niile nwere nsogbu nchọpụta mmebi nke ha.<ref name="Hail Damage to Roofs from Adjusting Today">{{Cite web|url=http://adjustersinternational.com/publications/adjusting-today/multi-family-complexes-insuring-exposures-and-losses/16/|title=Hail Damage to Roofs|accessdate=2009-12-11|publisher=Adjusting Today|archivedate=2015-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016183034/http://adjustersinternational.com/publications/adjusting-today/multi-family-complexes-insuring-exposures-and-losses/16/}}</ref> Elu ụlọ ígwè na-eguzogide mmebi nke akụ́ mmiri igwe, mana ọ nwere ike ịbawanye mmebi ihe ntecha n'ụdị ezé na mkpuchi mebiri emebi. Ha bụkwa ihe na-enye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala nsogbu, na-eme ka ụgbọala ghara ịdị mma ma na-agbaji ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-agbajikwa windo na windo. N'oge na-adịghị anya, a maara nnukwu nkume akụ́ mmiri igwe ka ọ na-akpata mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ na-egbu egbu. Oké mmiri ozuzo abụwo ihe kpatara ihe omume ndị dị oke ọnụ na ndị na-egbu egbu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Otu n'ime ihe ndị mbụ e dekọrọ mere na narị afọ nke 9 na Roopkund, Uttarakhand, [[Ndia|India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/11/07/wind07.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/11/07/ixworld.html|title=Giant hail killed more than 200 in Himalayas|author=David Orr|date=2004-11-07|accessdate=2009-08-28|publisher=Telegraph Group Unlimited via the Internet Wayback Machine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203015218/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2004%2F11%2F07%2Fwind07.xml&sSheet=%2Fnews%2F2004%2F11%2F07%2Fixworld.html|archivedate=2005-12-03}}</ref> Nkume akụ́ mmiri igwe kachasị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara obosara na ịdị arọ e dekọrọ na United States dara na July 23, 2010 na Vivian, South Dakota na United States; ọ tụrụ sentimita asatọ (20 cm) n'obosara na sentimita iri na asatọ na isii na abụọ (47.3 ) na gburugburu, na-atụle na pound 1.93 (0.88 kg).<ref name="Record">{{Cite web|title=Hailstone record press release|date=2010-07-30|publisher=National Weather Service|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/crh/pdf/073010RecordHailVivianSD.pdf}}</ref> Nke a mebiri ihe ndekọ gara aga maka obosara nke nkume akụ́ mmiri igwe 7 sentimita (18 sentimita) n'obosara na 18.75 sentimita (47.6 sentimita) gburugburu nke dara na Aurora, Nebraska na United States na June 22, 2003, yana ihe ndekọ maka ịdị arọ, nke nkume akú mmiri igwe nke 1.67 pound (0.76 ) nke dara na Coffeyville, Kansas na 1970.<ref name="Record" /> Ihe ize ndụ dịgasị iche iche, site na akụ́ mmiri igwe ruo àmụ̀mà nwere ike imetụta ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ndị dị n'èzí, dị ka antenna, efere satellite, na ụlọ elu. N'ihi ya, ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị n'èzí amalitela ịwụnye ụlọ ọrụ ndị a n'okpuru ala, iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke mmebi site na oké ifufe.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Newman|first=Robert C.|title=Computer Security: Protecting Digital Resources|year=2009|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Sudbury, MA|isbn=978-0-7637-5994-0|pages=100|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_R5ndK-i3vkC&pg=PA100}}</ref> Nnukwu snow nwere ike imebi akụrụngwa na ọrụ ọha na eze, na-ebelata ọrụ mmadụ ọbụna na mpaghara ndị maara ihu igwe dị otú ahụ. Enwere ike igbochi ụgbọelu na ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ mechie kpamkpam. Ndị bi n'ebe snow na-enwekarị emepụtala ụzọ dị iche iche iji gaafe snow, dị ka skis, snow shoes, na sleds nke ịnyịnya, nkịta, ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-adọkpụ na mgbe e mesịrị, snowmobiles. Ihe ndị dị mkpa dị ka ọkụ eletrik, eriri ekwentị, na gas nwekwara ike ịda. Na mgbakwunye, snow nwere ike ime ka okporo ụzọ sie ike ịga njem na ụgbọala ndị na-anwa iji ha nwere ike ịrapara n'ụzọ dị mfe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nsidc.org/snow/shovel.html|title=Have Snow Shovel, Will Travel|author=Laura Cheshire|year=1997|accessdate=2009-07-08|publisher=National Snow and Ice Data Center|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428171243/http://nsidc.org/snow/shovel.html|archivedate=2009-04-28}}</ref> Mmetụta ndị a jikọtara ọnụ nwere ike iduga na "ụbọchị snow" nke a na-akagbu nzukọ dịka ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọrụ, ma ọ bụ ụka. N'ebe ndị na-enwekarị obere snow ma ọ bụ enweghị snow, ụbọchị snow nwere ike ime mgbe enwere naanị obere mkpokọta ma ọ bụ ọbụna egwu nke snow, ebe ọ bụ na mpaghara ndị ahụ adịghị njikere ijikwa snow ọ bụla. N'ebe ụfọdụ, dị ka steeti ụfọdụ na United States, a na-enye ụlọ akwụkwọ ụbọchị snow kwa afọ (ma ọ bụ "ụbọchị ọdachi"). Ozugbo e gafere oke ahụ, a ghaghị ime ka ụbọchị snow dị.<ref name="DDN Larsen">{{Cite news|title=School districts are using up calamity days|author=Dave Larsen|work=[[Dayton Daily News]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|date=2009-01-27|accessdate=2009-02-05|url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/n/content/oh/story/news/local/2009/01/27/ddn012709calamityweb.html|quote=Ohio school districts can use five calamity days before they must start adding extra days to the school calendar.}}</ref><ref name="WCMH Willis">{{Cite news|title=Districts Consider Calamity Options|author=Donna Willis|work=[[WCMH-TV]]|publisher=[[Media General]]|date=2009-01-30|accessdate=2009-02-05|url=http://www.nbc4i.com/cmh/news/local/education/article/districts_consider_calamity_options/12343/|archive-date=2011-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615071458/http://www.nbc4i.com/cmh/news/local/education/article/districts_consider_calamity_options/12343/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="WKTV Ferris">{{Cite news|title=Decision for city schools to stay open prompts calls from irate parents|author=Joleen Ferris|work=[[WKTV]]|publisher=[[Smith Media]]|date=2009-01-28|accessdate=2009-02-05|url=http://www.wktv.com/news/local/38543532.html|archive-date=2009-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130084700/http://www.wktv.com/news/local/38543532.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na steeti ndị ọzọ, a ghaghị ime ka ụbọchị snow niile dị.<ref name="Enquirer Wolff">{{Cite news|title=Snow may stretch out school year|author=Christine Wolff|work=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]|publisher=[[Gannett Company]]|date=1999-03-09|accessdate=2009-02-05|url=http://www.enquirer.com/editions/1999/03/10/loc_snow_may_stretch_out.html}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịgbatị ụbọchị ụlọ akwụkwọ fọdụrụnụ n'ehihie, belata ezumike oge opupu ihe ubi, ma ọ bụ gbuo oge mmalite ezumike oge okpomọkụ. A na-ewepụ snow gbakọtara iji mee ka njem dịkwuo mfe ma dị nchebe, yana belata mmetụta ogologo oge nke nnukwu snow. Usoro a na-eji shọvel na snowplows, a na-enyekwa aka site na ịwụsa [[Ńnú|nnu]] ma ọ bụ kemịkal ndị ọzọ sitere na chloride, nke na-ebelata okpomọkụ snow.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I3gxuwTE5_MC&pg=PA10|title=Managing roadway snow and ice control operations|author=David A. Kuemmel|isbn=978-0-309-05666-3|publisher=Transportation Research Board|year=1994}}</ref> N'ebe ụfọdụ nwere ọtụtụ snow, dị ka Yamagata Prefecture, [[Japan]], ndị mmadụ na-ewe snow ma na-echekwa ya gbara ya gburugburu n'ụlọ ice. Nke a na-enye ohere iji snow mee ihe n'oge ọkọchị maka friji na ikuku oyi, nke chọrọ obere ọkụ eletrik karịa usoro ịjụ oyi ọdịnala.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/INSIGHT/Win-96/9.asp|title=Using Snow For Cool, Innovative Solutions|journal=Insight|date=Winter 1996|accessdate=2009-07-08|author=[[United Nations]] Environment Programme|archive-date=2009-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214222059/http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/INSIGHT/Win-96/9.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ọrụ ugbo === Anwụrụ ọkụ nwere ike imebi ihe nke ukwuu, ọkachasị ụgbọala, ụgbọelu, ọkụ, ụlọ nwere elu, anụ ụlọ, na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọrụ ugbo.<ref name="Nolanhail">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.cocorahs.org/media/docs/hail_1994.pdf|title=Hail, Hail, Hail ! The Summertime Hazard of Eastern Colorado|author=Nolan J. Doesken|journal=Colorado Climate|volume=17|issue=7|date=April 1994|accessdate=2009-07-18|archive-date=2010-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125163951/http://cocorahs.org/media/docs/hail_1994.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọka wit, ọka, soybeans, na ụtaba bụ ihe ọkụkụ kachasị emetụta mmebi nke akụ́ mmiri igwe.<ref name="Oliver">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mwbAsxpRr0C&pg=PA401|title=Encyclopedia of World Climatology|author=John E. Oliver|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-3264-6|year=2005}}</ref> Hail bụ otu n'ime ihe ize ndụ kachasị ọnụ na Canada.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6oxEraqWWwC&q=hail&pg=RA1-Pa61|title=Introduction to international disaster management|author=Damon P. Coppola|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7506-7982-4|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann}}</ref> Snowfall nwere ike ịba uru maka ọrụ ugbo site na ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-ekpuchi okpomọkụ, na-echekwa okpomọkụ nke ụwa ma na-echebe [[Oru ugbo|ihe ọkụkụ]] pụọ na ihu igwe oyi. Ụfọdụ ebe ọrụ ugbo na-adabere na mkpokọta snow n'oge oyi nke ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbazee n'oge opupu ihe ubi, na-enye mmiri maka uto ihe ọkụkụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ gbazee n'ime mmiri ma na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ dị nro, dị ka oroma, ice na-apụta ga-echebe mkpụrụ osisi ahụ pụọ na okpomọkụ dị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|author=M. Baldwin|url=http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen01/gen01243.htm|title=How Cold Can Water Get?|publisher=[[Argonne National Laboratory]]|date=2002-09-08|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ na-emebi ndụ na ihe onwunwe onwe onye, ha nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị mkpa na usoro mmiri ozuzo nke ebe ha na-emetụta ma na-eweta [[mmiri ozuzo]] dị mkpa na mpaghara ndị kpọrọ nkụ. Oké ifufe na-efe n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ebe ugwu Pacific na-enyekarị mmiri na Southwestern United States na akụkụ Mexico.<ref name="2005 EPac outlook">[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] [http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Epac_hurr/Epac_hurricane.html 2005 Tropical Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Outlook] accessed May 2, 2006</ref> [[Japan]] na-enweta ihe karịrị ọkara mmiri ozuzo ya site na ajọ ifufe.<ref name="Whipple 54">{{Cite book|author=Whipple, Addison|year=1982|title=Storm|url=https://archive.org/details/storm00whip|pages=[https://archive.org/details/storm00whip/page/54 54]|location=[[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria, VA]]|publisher=[[Time Life]] Books|isbn=0-8094-4312-0}}</ref> Hurricane Camille gbochiri ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ma kwụsị ụkọ mmiri n'ọtụtụ ụzọ ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ gbukwara mmadụ 259 ma kpatara $ 9.14 ijeri (2005 USD) na mmebi.<ref name="Christopherson">{{Cite book|author=Christopherson, Robert W.|year=1992|title=Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography|url=https://archive.org/details/geosystemsintrod0000chri|pages=[https://archive.org/details/geosystemsintrod0000chri/page/222 222]–224|publisher=Macmillan Publishing Company|location=[[New York City|New York]]|isbn=0-02-322443-6}}</ref> === Ụgbọelu === [[Usòrò:Windshearaircraftnasa.gif|thumb|Mmetụta nke ikuku na-eme na njem ụgbọelu. Nanị idozi maka ihu ihu mbụ nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị egwu.]] Hail bụ otu n'ime ihe ize ndụ kachasị njọ nke égbè eluigwe na ụgbọelu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.easa.europa.eu/safety-and-research/research-projects/docs/large-aeroplanes/EASA.2008_5.pdf|date=November 2010|title=Hail Threat Standardisation|author=P.R. Field|publisher=European Aviation Safety Agency. RP EASA.2008/5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207052634/http://www.easa.europa.eu/safety-and-research/research-projects/docs/large-aeroplanes/EASA.2008_5.pdf|archivedate=2013-12-07}}</ref> Mgbe nkume akụ́ iri igwe gafere 0.5 sentimita (13 mm) n'obosara, ụgbọelu nwere ike imebi nke ukwuu n'ime sekọnd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aviationweather.ws/063_Hazards.php|title=Hazards|author=Federal Aviation Administration|year=2009|accessdate=2009-08-29|authorlink=Federal Aviation Administration|archivedate=2010-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325022814/http://www.aviationweather.ws/063_Hazards.php}}</ref> Nkume akụ́ mmiri igwe na-agbakọta n'ala nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe ize ndụ nye ụgbọelu na-ada. Ifufe siri ike sitere na égbè eluigwe na-akpata mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na ọsọ ifufe atọ dị n'elu ala. Na mbido, ọpụpụ a na-akpata ifufe ihu nke na-eme ka ọsọ ikuku dịkwuo elu, nke na-emekarị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu belata ike injin ma ọ bụrụ na ha amaghị banyere ikuku. Ka ụgbọelu ahụ na-agafe n'ógbè nke downdraft, ifufe ihu na-ebelata, na-ebepụ ọsọ ụgbọelu ahụ ma na-abawanye ọnụego ya. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe ụgbọelu ahụ gafere n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke downdraft, ifufe ihu na-aghọ ifufe azụ, na-ebelata elu nke nku na-emepụta, ma na-ahapụ ụgbọelu ahụ na ike dị ala, na-agbadata ọsọ. Nke a nwere ike iduga n'ihe mberede ma ọ bụrụ na ụgbọelu ahụ dị ala nke ukwuu iji mee ka ọ gbakee tupu ọ kụọ n'ala. N'ihi ihe mberede ndị mere n'afọ ndị 1970 na 1980, na 1988 U.S. Federal Aviation Administration nyere iwu na ụgbọelu azụmahịa niile nwere usoro nchọpụta ikuku n'ime ya site na 1993. N'agbata afọ 1964 na afọ 1985, ikuku na-akpata ma ọ bụ na-enye aka na 26 nnukwu ihe mberede ụgbọ elu na US nke dugara na ọnwụ 620 na mmerụ ahụ 200. Kemgbe afọ 1995, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnukwu ihe mberede ụgbọelu ndị nkịtị nke ikuku na-akpata adaala ruo ihe dịka otu n'ime afọ iri ọ bụla, n'ihi nchọpụta a na-enye iwu n'ụgbọ ahụ yana mgbakwunye nke Doppler weather radar units n'ala. (NEXRAD)<ref>{{Cite web|author=National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [[Langley Air Force Base]]|url=http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/Windshear.html|title=Making the Skies Safer From Windshear|date=June 1992|accessdate=2006-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125528/http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/Windshear.html|archivedate=2006-08-23}}</ref> === Ntụrụndụ === Ọtụtụ egwuregwu n'oge oyi, dị ka ịgba ọsọ, snowboarding, snowmobiling, na snowshoeing dabere na snow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/01/sports/nagano-98-building-a-better-snowman-through-science.html?pagewanted=1|title=NAGANO '98; Building a Better Snowman Through Science|date=1998-02-01|accessdate=2009-07-08|author=Christopher Clarey|work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sam Baldwin|date=January 2006|url=http://www.snowsphere.com/special-features/snowboarding-vs-skiing-the-dying-feud|title=Skiers vs Snowboaders: The Dying Feud|publisher=SnowSphere.com|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref><ref name="ISMA-stat">{{Cite web|url=http://www.snowmobile.org/facts_snfcts.asp|title=Snowmobiling Facts|publisher=International Snowmobile Manufacturers Associations|accessdate=2007-04-23|year=2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701002116/http://www.snowmobile.org/facts_snfcts.asp|archivedate=2007-07-01}}</ref> Ebe snow dị ụkọ mana okpomọkụ dị ala, enwere ike iji snow cannons mepụta ego zuru oke maka egwuregwu ndị dị otú ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9900EEDA1631F93BA35751C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=Machines Let Resorts Please Skiers When Nature Won't|work=[[New York Times]]|date=2001-02-08|author=Jeffrey Selingo|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref> Ụmụaka na ndị okenye nwere ike igwu egwu n'ụgbọ ịnyịnya ma ọ bụ na-agba ịnyịnya. Ọ bụ ezie na nzọụkwụ mmadụ ka bụ ụzọ ndụ a na-ahụ anya n'ime ala snow kpuchiri, a na-ewere snow dị ka ihe ize [[wiktionary:lifeline|ndụ]] zuru oke maka ịga ije ebe ọ bụ na snow na-ekpuchi ihe ịrịba ama ma mee ka ala ahụ n'onwe ya yie otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wta.org/trail-news/news/winter-hiking-and-avalanche-danger|title=Winter Hiking and Avalanche Danger|date=2007-12-05|accessdate=2009-07-10|author=Washington Trails Association|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614063329/http://www.wta.org/trail-news/news/winter-hiking-and-avalanche-danger|archivedate=2009-06-14}}</ref> == Oké ifufe ndị a ma ama na nka na ọdịbendị == [[Usòrò:Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg|thumb|The Great Wave off Kanagawa, ihe Hokusai bipụtara na 1831 ]] === N'akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ === Dị ka [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible]] si kwuo, oké ifufe nke [[God|Chineke]] zitere jupụtara n'ụwa. Noa na ezinụlọ ya na ụmụ anụmanụ batara n'Igbe ahụ, "n'otu ụbọchị ahụ, isi iyi niile nke nnukwu mmiri gbawara, windo nke eluigwe meghere, mmiri ozuzo dakwara n'ụwa ụbọchị iri anọ na abalị iri anọ". Idei mmiri ahụ kpuchiri ọbụna ugwu ndị kachasị elu ruo n'omimi nke ihe karịrị mita iri abụọ, ihe niile e kere eke nwụkwara; ọ bụ naanị Noa na ndị ya na ha nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ ka fọdụrụ ndụ. N'ime Agba Ọhụrụ, e dekọrọ na [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs Kraịst]] mere ka oké ifufe dị jụụ n'Oké Osimiri Galili. Akụkọ ifo nke idei mmiri Gilgamesh bụ akụkọ iju mmiri na Epic nke Gilgamesh . N'akụkọ ifo ndị Gris Aeolus, onye na-elekọta oké ifufe, oké ifufe na oké ifufe. The Sea Venture mebiri na nso Bermuda na 1609, nke dugara n'ịchịkwa Bermuda ma nye mmụọ nsọ maka egwuregwu [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] The Tempest (1611).<ref>Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926034027/http://www.clairehope.btinternet.co.uk/PDFs/LinebaughRediker_seaventure.pdf The Wreck of the Sea-Venture.]</ref><ref>David M. Roth. [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/va17hur.htm Seventeenth Century Virginia Hurricanes.] Retrieved on 2006-11-26.</ref> N'ụzọ doro anya, Sir Thomas Gates, onye ga-abụ gọvanọ Virginia n'ọdịnihu, si Jamestown, [[Végíníyà|Virginia]] na-aga England. N'ụbọchị Saint James, mgbe ọ nọ n'etiti Cuba na Bahamas, ajọ ifufe kpara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụbọchị abụọ. Ọ bụ ezie na otu n'ime obere ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mikpuru na ala nke Florida Straits, asaa n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ndị fọdụrụnụ rutere [[Végíníyà|Virginia]] n'ime ọtụtụ ụbọchị mgbe oké ifufe ahụ gasịrị. Ụgbọ mmiri nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, nke a maara dị ka Sea Adventure, furu efu ma chee na ọ furu efu. Obere ọgaranya dakwasịrị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na ndị ọrụ ya mgbe ha rutere Bermuda. Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mebiri n'elu coral reef gbara ya gburugburu, mana mmadụ niile nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ lanarịrị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu afọ n'àgwàetiti ahụ. Ndị Britain na-achị ala ahụ kwuru na agwaetiti ahụ ma biri na Bermuda ngwa ngwa. Na Mee 1610, ha gawara Jamestown, n'oge a ha rutere ebe ha na-aga. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụaka The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, nke L. Frank Baum dere ma W. W. Denslow sere ihe osise ya, na-akọ akụkọ banyere njem nke nwa agbọghọ aha ya bụ Dorothy Gale na Ala Oz, mgbe ajọ ifufe si n'ụlọ ya dị na Kansas wepụ ya. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ George M. Hill Company bipụtara akụkọ ahụ na Chicago na Mee 17, 1900 ma kemgbe ahụ, e bipụtaghachiri ya ọtụtụ ugboro, ọtụtụ mgbe n'okpuru aha The Wizard of Oz, ma gbanwee ya maka iji ya na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ. Ekele maka ihe nkiri MGM nke 1939, ọ bụ otu n'ime akụkọ ndị a ma ama na ọdịbendị America ma sụgharịa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe. Ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ya, na ihe ịga nke ọma nke egwu Broadway a ma ama nke 1902 nke Baum wepụtara site na akụkọ mbụ ya, mere ka Baum dee akwụkwọ Oz iri na atọ ọzọ. Onye nduzi Hollywood bụ King Vidor (February 8, 1894 - November 1, 1982) lanarịrị ajọ ifufe Galveston nke 1900 dị ka nwata nwoke. Dabere na ahụmịhe ahụ, o bipụtara akụkọ ifo banyere oké ifufe ahụ, nke akpọrọ "Southern Storm", maka mbipụta May 1935 nke magazin <nowiki><i id="mwAgs">Esquire</i></nowiki>. Erik Larson wepụtara otu akụkụ site na isiokwu ahụ n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2005, Isaac's Storm:<ref name="Larson, Erik 1999">{{Cite book|author=Larson, Erik|year=1999|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/book/index.html|title=Isaac's Storm|publisher=[[Random House]] Publishing|isbn=0-609-60233-0|authorlink=Erik Larson (author)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLarson,_Erik1999">[[Erik Larson (onye edemede)|Larson, Erik]] (1999). [http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/book/index.html ''Isaac's Storm'']. [[Ụlọ Na-enweghị Isi|Random House]] Publishing. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/0-609-60233-0|<bdi>0-609-60233-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> : ''Echetara m ugbu a na o yiri ka anyị nọ n'ime efere na-ele anya n'elu oke osimiri. Ka anyị guzo n'okporo ájá, mụ na nne m, achọrọ m iwere aka nne m ma chụpụ ya ngwa ngwa. Enwere m mmetụta dị ka a ga-asị na oké osimiri ga-agbaji n'akụkụ efere ahụ ma na-abịa na-asa anyị.'' E bipụtara ọtụtụ akụkọ ndị ọzọ banyere ajọ ifufe Galveston nke 1900 na fim. Larson depụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ha na Isaac's Storm, nke gosipụtara oké ifufe ahụ, yana akụkọ banyere okike nke Weather Bureau (nke a maara dị ka National Weather Service) na asọmpi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ọrụ ihu igwe na Cuba, na ọtụtụ nnukwu ''oké ifufe'' ndị ọzọ, dị ka ndị bibiri Indianola, Texas na 1875 na 1886.<ref name="Larson, Erik 1999"/> Oké ifufe nke 1987 bụ isi ''ihe'' dị mkpa na njedebe nke Possession: A Romance, akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha ere ahịa na Booker Prize nke A. S. Byatt. Oké Ifufe nke 1987 mere n'abalị nke October 15-16, 1987, mgbe usoro ihu igwe siri ike na-adịghị ahụkebe mere ka ifufe kụọ ọtụtụ n'ime ndịda England na ugwu [[France]]. Ọ bụ oké ifufe kachasị njọ dakwasịrị England kemgbe Oké Ifufe nke 1703 (afọ 284 tupu mgbe ahụ) ma kpatara ọnwụ nke ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 22 na England na France (18 na England, ọ dịkarịrị anọ na France).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7044050.stm|work=BBC News|title=Lessons learned from Great Storm|date=14 October 2007|accessdate=4 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/secondary/students/1987.html|title=Met Office: The Great Storm of 1987|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907191422/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/secondary/students/1987.html|archivedate=September 7, 2008}}</ref> A na-egosipụta ajọ ifufe Katrina (2005) n'ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo. === N'ihe osise mara mma === [[Usòrò:Rembrandt_Christ_in_the_Storm_on_the_Lake_of_Galilee.jpg|thumb|Rembrandt's 1633 The Storm on the Sea of Galilee.]] Ndị na-ese ihe n'oké osimiri J. M. W. Turner na Ivan Aivazovsky mepụtara ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta kachasị adịgide adịgide nke oké osimiri dị elu na nke na-ekpo ọkụ nke a na-etinye n'uche a ma ama. Ihe ngosi Turner nke ike okike dị ike mepụtara ọdịdị mmiri ọdịnala n'oge ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. N'oge ọ na-aga Holland, ọ chọpụtara nnukwu ebili mmiri na-agagharị n'akụkụ osimiri nke England na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ ebili mmiri dị nkọ, nke na-agbagwoju anya nke oké ifufe Dutch. Ihe atụ pụrụ iche nke ọdịdị mmiri dị egwu nke Turner bụ The Slave Ship nke 1840. Aivazovsky hapụrụ ọtụtụ puku ihe osise na-agbagwoju anya nke ọ na-ewepụwanye ndị mmadụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme iji lekwasị anya na ihe ndị dị mkpa dị ka ìhè, oké osimiri, na mbara igwe. Nnukwu Wave nke itoolu ya (1850) bụ ode maka obi ike mmadụ n'ihu ihe ndị dị na ya. === Na ihe nkiri === Ihe nkiri na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke 1926 The Johnstown Flood gosipụtara Great Flood nke 1889 na Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Idei mmiri ahụ, nke ọdịda dị egwu nke South Fork Dam kpatara mgbe ọtụtụ ụbọchị nke nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gasịrị, kpaliri nnukwu mgbalị enyemaka mbụ nke American Red Cross, nke Clara Barton duziri. E gosipụtara Iju Mmiri nke Johnstown n'ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ (ma akụkọ ifo ma na-abụghị akụkọ ifo), yana. Ihe nkiri ọdachi dị egwu nke Warner Bros.' 2000 The Perfect Storm, nke Wolfgang Petersen duziri, bụ mgbanwe nke akwụkwọ Sebastian Junger nke 1997 na-abụghị akụkọ ifo nke otu aha ahụ. Akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara ndị ọrụ ''Andrea Gail'', nke e jidere na Perfect Storm nke afọ 1991. Oké ifufe zuru oke nke afọ 1991, nke a makwaara dị ka Halloween Nor'easter nke afọ 1991, bụ nor'easter naamịkọrọ Hurricane Grace ma mechaa ghọọ obere ajọ ifufe n'oge ndụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration News|date=2000-06-16|title=NOAA Meteorologist Bob Case, the Man Who Named the Perfect Storm|accessdate=2011-07-01|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s444.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716220940/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s444.htm|archivedate=16 July 2011}}</ref> === Negwú === E gosikwara oké ifufe nọtụtụ ọrụ egwu. Ihe atụ nke ''egwu'' oké ifufe gụnyere Vivaldi's Four Seasons violin concerto RV 315 (Summer) (mgbatị nke atọ: Presto), Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony (mgbakọta nke anọ), ihe nkiri na Act II nke Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville, ihe omume nke atọ nke Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto, na nke ise (Cloudburst) nke Ferde Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite. == Ihe ngosi == == Hụkwa ==   == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   * Media related to Storms at Wikimedia Commons * The dictionary definition of storm at Wiktionary * Quotations related to Storm at Wikiquote [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ej2cvupqbb6khcid9ivjkbenjhmuy4f 0 29705 728347 693182 2026-09-26T23:34:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728347 wikitext text/x-wiki   Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) bụ ọgbakọ ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha na England na Wales na Scotland. E hiwere ya na 1889. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite nchekwa na nchebe nke nnụnụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze, arịrịọ na site na ọrụ nke nchekwa ihe okike na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] dum. Na 2021/22 RSPB nwere ego ha nwetara nke nde £157, ndị ọrụ 2,200, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 10,500 na ndị otu nde 1.1 (gụnyere ndị ntorobịa 195,000), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa anụ ọhịa kachasị n'ụwa. RSPB nwere ọtụtụ mpaghara mpaghara ma na-edobe ihe nchekwa okike 222. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:Fletcher_moss_croft2.jpg|thumb|Ihe ncheta na Fletcher Moss Park, Manchester, na-echeta ntọala nke RSPB]] Mmalite nke RSPB dabere na otu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, ha abụọ hibere na 1889: * Emily Williamson guzobere Plumage League [1] n'ụlọ ya na Didsbury, Manchester, dị ka otu ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-eme mkpọsa megide iji nnukwu akpụkpọ anụ na ábụ́bà na uwe ajị anụ. Ụlọ ahụ dị ugbu a na Fletcher Moss Botanical Garden.<ref name="milestones">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/about/history/milestones.asp|title=Milestones|publisher=RSPB|accessdate=19 February 2007}}</ref> * The Fin, Fur and Feather Folk bụ Eliza Phillips, Etta Lemon, Catherine Hall, Hannah [[Poland]] na ndị ọzọ guzobere na Croydon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fin, Fur and Feather leaflet|url=http://ballads.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/view/edition/19341|publisher=Bodleian Library|accessdate=18 December 2022|archivedate=18 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218083902/http://ballads.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/view/edition/19341}}</ref> Ndị otu a nwetara aha ewu ewu wee jikọta na 1891 iji guzobe Society for the Protection of Birds na [[London]]. Society nwetara Royal Charter na 1904. Ndị mbụ so na SPB bụ ụmụ nwanyị niile gbara mgba megide ejiji nke oge maka ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi feathers na okpu, na agbamume sitere na "ịchụ nta plume". Iji mezuo nke a, Society nwere iwu abụọ dị mfe:   N'oge ntọala, ahia nke plumage maka ojiji na okpu buru ibu: na nkeji mbụ nke 1884, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 7,000 akpụkpọ anụ nke paradaịs na-ebubata na Britain, tinyere nnụnụ 400,000 si West India na Brazil, na 360,000 nnụnụ si East India. N'afọ 1890, ọha mmadụ bipụtara mpempe akwụkwọ mbụ ya, nke isiokwu ya bụ Destruction of Ornamental-Plumaged Birds, nke ezubere ichekwa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị egret site n'ịgwa ụmụ nwanyị bara ọgaranya mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi site n'iji ábụbà n'ụdị ejiji mee. N'afọ 1897, mbipụta e mesịrị, Nri Nnụnụ na Winter, bụ iji lebara iji tomato dị ka ihe ịchọ mma oyi ma gbaa ume iji mkpụrụ osisi sịntetik na-echekwa isi iyi nri nnụnụ. Na 1897, SPB kesara ihe karịrị akwụkwọ ozi 16,000 na mpempe akwụkwọ 50,000 na site na 1898 nwere ndị otu 20,000. Society dọtara nkwado site n'aka ụfọdụ ndị inyom nwere ọnọdụ ọha na eze bụ ndị nọ na klaasị mmekọrịta nke mere ka iyi okpu nwere nku, gụnyere Duchess nke Portland (onye ghọrọ Onye isi oche mbụ nke Society) na Ranee nke Sarawak. Ka nzukọ ahụ malitere ịdọta nkwado nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-akpa ike, ma nwoke ma nwanyị, dị ka onye ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ bụ Prọfesọ Alfred Newton, ọ nwetara na ewu ewu ma dọta ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ. Ndị otu ahụ nwetara Royal Charter na 1904 site n'aka Edward VII, nanị afọ 15 ka e hiwere ya, ma bụrụkwa ihe enyemaka na-arịọ ndị omeiwu nke United Kingdom ka ha webata iwu machibido iji ịcha akwa na uwe. N’oge e hiwere Society na Britain, e hiwekwara òtù ndị yiri ya ná mba ndị ọzọ dị na Europe. [nke?] Na 1961, ọha mmadụ nwetara The Lodge na Sandy, Bedfordshire, dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ya. Akara RSPB na-egosi ụda olu. Robert Gilmor mere ụdị nke mbụ. == Ihe omume == [[Usòrò:Avocet_-_Minsmere_(5681376618)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Otu avocet na RSPB's Minsmere reserve. A na-eji ụdị a eme ihe na akara RSPB.]] Taa, RSPB na-arụkọ ọrụ na ma ndị ọrụ obodo na Gọọmenti iji nye ndụmọdụ gọọmentị iwu gbasara nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ekpebi ndepụta ọnọdụ nchekwa gọọmentị maka nnụnụ niile achọtara na UK. RSPB anaghị agba ụlọ ọgwụ nnụnụ ma ọ bụ na-enye ọrụ nnapụta anụmanụ. RSPB batara na mmekorita ya na onye na-ewu ụlọ Barratt Developments na UK na 2014. === Ebe Ndị a na-echekwa === [[Usòrò:The_RSPB's_Ellin's_Tower_from_the_road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902755.jpg|thumb|Ebe nchekwa South Stack, Anglesey, na Ellin's Tower, ebe obibi ndị nleta]] [[Usòrò:SumburghHead_webcam.jpg|thumb|A na-etinye kamera weebụ n'akụkụ ụlọ ọkụ Sumburgh Head, Shetland. Ugwu ndị ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nnụnụ mmiri na mpaghara ahụ bụ ebe nchekwa okike RSPB.]] RSPB na-edobe ihe karịrị narị abụọ na United Kingdom niile, na-ekpuchi ebe obibi dị iche iche, site na estuaries na mudflats ruo n'oké ọhịa na ebe obibi mepere emepe. Ebe nchekwa ndị a na-enwekarị mkpuchi nnụnụ maka ndị na-ekiri nnụnụ na ọtụtụ na-enye ebe ndị ọbịa, nke gụnyere ozi gbasara anụ ọhịa ndị a pụrụ ịhụ n'ebe ahụ. === Onyinye === RSPB na-enye onyinye, gụnyere Onyinye Onye isi ala, maka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-enye aka dị ịrịba ama n'ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. ==== Ihe nrite RSPB ====   Dị ka RSPB si kwuo:<blockquote>Ihe nrite RSPB bụ ihe nrite kacha ewu ewu nke Society. A na-enye ya onye ọ bụla iji kwado nchekwa nnụnụ ọhịa na nchekwa ime obodo. A na-enyekarị ya otu onye ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ mmadụ abụọ kwa afọ.</blockquote> === Magazin === Ndị RSPB ebipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ naanị ndị otu kemgbe ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. ==== ''Ihe Nkọwa Nnụnụ'' ==== [[Usòrò:RSPB_advert_1934.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mgbasa ozi maka Bird Notes and News site na mbipụta March 1934 nke magazin North Western Naturalist. Rịba ama logo mbụ.]] Ndetu Nnụnụ na akụkọ ( ISSN 0406-3392) ka ebipụtara nke mbụ n’April 1903. Aha ahụ gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ Bird Notes na 1947. N'afọ 1950, e nwere mbipụta anọ kwa afọ (otu maka oge ọ bụla, bipụtara na 1st nke ọnwa nke atọ ọ bụla, March, June, September na December). Mpịakọta ọ bụla kpuchiri afọ abụọ, gbasaa n'ime afọ kalenda atọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mpịakọta XXV (25), nke mbụ bụ nke Winter 1951, na nke asatọ n'otu mpịakọ ahụ bụ nke Autumn 1953. Site na etiti 1950s, ọtụtụ n'ime mkpuchi ahụ bụ Charles Tunnicliffe. Abụọ n'ime ndị mbụ bụ na mbinye ego ogologo oge na gallery Tunnicliffe na Oriel Ynys Môn, mana na 1995, RSPB rere 114 n'ahịa Sotheby, na-ebuli £ 210,000, nke kachasị ọnụ bụ foto nke partridge nke rere £ 6,440. Site na Jenụwarị 1964 (vol. 31, no. 1), mbipụta mụbara ruo isii kwa afọ, (e wepụtara na ọnwa ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, Jenụwarị, Maachị na ihe ndị ọzọ, mana e depụtara ya "January-February", "March-April" wdg). Mpịakọta ọzọ kpuchie afọ abụọ, ya mere vol. 30, na-ekpuchi 1962–63, ya mere gụnyere okwu itoolu, na-ejedebe na mbipụta "Winter 1963-64" kama asatọ. Mbipụta ikpeazụ, vol. 31 mba. 12, bipụtara na ngwụcha 1965. ===== Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ===== * Miss M. G. Davies, BA, MBOU (ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ruo na mpịakọta 30 nke 9) * John Clegg (site na Mpịakọta 31 Nke 1 - Mpịakgolo 31 Nke 3) * Jeremy Boswell (site na Mpịakọta 31 nke 4 - Mpịakgolo 31 nke 12) ==== ''Nnụnụ'' ==== {{Infobox journal|italic title=no|title=Birds|cover=|editor=Mark Ward|discipline=Ornithology|language=English|abbreviation=Birds|publisher=RSPB|country=United Kingdom|frequency=Quarterly|history={{Start date|1966}}–{{End date|2013}}|impact=|impact-year=|website=http://rspb.org.uk/birdsmagazine|ISSN=1367-983X|eISSN=|boxwidth=}} Bird Notes' Bird ( ISSN 1367-983X) nọchiri ya ozugbo, jiri olu 1, nọmba 1 bụ mbipụta Jenụwarị–February 1966. A na-ebipụta mbipụta otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ, gụnyere ọnụ ka e wee malite mpịakọta ọhụrụ n'afọ ọ bụla ọzọ. Mbipụta nke ụbịa 2013, nke dị na Ọgọst–October 2013, bụ vol. 25 mba. 7, bụ nke ikpeazụ. ==== ''Ebe Obibi Okike'' ==== {{Infobox journal|italic title=no|title=Nature's Home|cover=|editor=Mark Ward|discipline=Ornithology|language=English|abbreviation=Nat.'s Home|publisher=RSPB|country=United Kingdom|frequency=Quarterly|history={{Start date|2013}}–present|impact=|impact-year=|website=http://www.rspb.org.uk/natureshome/|ISSN=2054-3433|eISSN=|boxwidth=}} N'oge oyi 2013, akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ, Nature's Home, dochie nnụnụ. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ Mark Ward. Magazin ahụ nwere mgbasa ozi ABC kwadoro nke ruru 600,885. ==== ''Magazin RSPB'' ==== Site na mbipụta Summer/Mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2022, eweghachila akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. === Nkewa ndị na-eto eto === RSPB nwere otu abụọ dị iche iche maka ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma: Wildlife Explorers (tọrọ ntọala na 1943 dị ka Junior Bird Recorders' Club; site na 1965 ruo 2000 Young Ornithologists' Club ma ọ bụ YOC) na RSPB Phoenix. A na-ezubere ndị na-eme nchọpụta anụ ọhịa na ụmụaka dị n'agbata afọ 8 na 12, n'agbanyeghị na o nwekwara ụfọdụ ndị na-eto eto, ma nwee akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ dị iche iche: Wild Times maka 0-7 afọ, na Wild Explorer maka 8-12 afọ. RSPB Phoenix bu n'obi na-eto eto, ma na-emepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Wingbeat, nke ndị na-eto eto na-edekarị maka ndị na-eto eto. RSPB bụ onye otu National Council for Voluntary Youth Services. === Nnụnụ Nnukwu Ogige === RSPB na-ahazi nchịkọta data ndekọ nnụnụ n'ụbọchị mkpokọta nnụnụ kwa afọ na Britain. Ndị RSPB na-akọwa nke a dị ka "nyocha anụ ọhịa kasị ukwuu n'ụwa" ma na-enye aka mee ka ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nweta ezi ihe ọmụma banyere usoro ọnụ ọgụgụ nnụnụ na ubi na Britain. Ewepụtara Big Garden Birdwatch dị ka mmemme ụmụaka na 1979, mana site na 2001 ọ gbara ndị okenye ume ka ha sonyekwa. Na 2011, ihe karịrị mmadụ 600,000 sonyere, naanị 37% bụ ndị òtù RSPB. Ihe omume a na-emekarị na ngwụcha izu ụka ikpeazụ nke Jenụwarị. Site na mmalite nke ndekọ nyocha nke afọ maka nza ụlọ gosipụtara mbelata nke 60%, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị kpakpando ji ihe dị ka 80% belata site na 1979 ruo 2012. Na 2022, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 700,000 sonyere na Big Garden Birdwatch, na-agụta ihe karịrị ijeri nnụnụ iri na otu. === Ụzọ Nnụnụ === BirdTrack bụ webụsaịtị sayensị nwa amaala n'ịntanetị, nke British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) na-arụ na nnọchite anya mmekorita nke BTO, RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland, Scottish Ornithologists' Club na Welsh Ornithological Society (Welsh: Cymdeithas Adaryddol Cymru) . == Ego ==   Ndị otu ya na-akwado RSPB; na 2006, ihe karịrị 50% nke ego mmadụ nwere £88 nde sitere na ndenye aha, onyinye na ihe nketa, ruru mkpokọta £53.669 million. Dị ka ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha, nzukọ a nwere ikike inye onyinye enyemaka ruru £0.28 na £1.00 ọ bụla nke ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi nyere. Ọtụtụ n'ime ego a na-enweta (£ 63.757 million na 2006) na-emefu n'ọrụ nchekwa, ndozi nke nchekwa yana na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, ebe ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu n'ịkwado ego na ibelata ụkọ ezumike nka, ruru £19.8 million na 2006. == Mgbasa ozi == A kọrọ na akụkọ dị na Daily Mail na 2 Nọvemba 2014 nke na-ekwu na ọrụ ebere "na-emefu pasent 90 nke ego ọ na-enweta na nchekwa" nke UK Advertising Standards Authority ezighi ezi. Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ezie dị nso na 26%. Charity Commission nyochara nkwupụta ndị a, wee kpọtụrụ RSPB ka ha mee ka ọ dokwuo anya nkwupụta webụ ya. Ndị RSPB kwadoro, na nkọwapụta na 90% nke ego netwọlụ ya (mgbe mmefu, ọ bụghị nnukwu ego dị ka enwetara) na-emefu na nchekwa, yana na ọrụ nchekwa dị iche iche, na-ejedebeghị na-emefu na ihe okike nke ya. Charity Commission nabatara nke a. == Ndị isi ala == [[Usòrò:Laszlo_-_Winifred_Anna_Cavendish-Bentinck_(née_Dallas-Yorke),_6th_Duchess_of_Portland,_1912.jpg|thumb|Winifred Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, nke Philip Alexius de László sere na 1912]] * Winifred Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess nke Portland 1891-1954 * Cyril Hurcomb * Colonel Sir Tufton Beamish * Derek Barber, Baron Barber nke Tewkesbury * Robert Dougall * Max Nicholson 1980-1985 * Magnus Magnusson 1985-1990 * Sir Derek Barber 1990-1991<ref name="Birds13:7">RSPB ''Birds'' magazine, Vol 13 No 7, Autumn 1991</ref> * [[Ian Prestt]] 1991-1994<ref name="Birds13:7" /> * Julian Pettifer 1994-? * Jonathan Dimbleby 2001-? * Julian Pettifer 2004-2009 * Kate Humble 2009-2013<ref>{{Cite news|title=Springwatch star Kate Humble appointed president of RSPB|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/6257616/Springwatch-star-Kate-Humble-appointed-president-of-RSPB.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|publisher=www.telegraph.co.uk|date=3 October 2009|accessdate=4 October 2009|first=Alastair|author=Jamieson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224231323/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/6257616/Springwatch-star-Kate-Humble-appointed-president-of-RSPB.html|archive-date=24 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Miranda Krestovnikoff 2013-2022 * Dr Amir Khan GP 2022- (onye nọ ugbu a) == Ndị isi ndị agha == Ka oge na-aga, e nyela ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ utu aha dị iche iche.<ref name="milestones"/><ref name="Birds13:7">RSPB ''Birds'' magazine, Vol 13 No 7, Autumn 1991</ref> * William Henry Hudson - Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii 1894 * Sir Montagu Sharpe, [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] DL - Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii 1895-1942 * Phillip Brown * Peter Conder [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] - odeakwụkwọ 1963. Onye nduzi 1964-1975 * Ian Prestt [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] - Onye isi nchịkwa 1975-1991 * Barbara Young - CEO 1991-1998 * Sir Graham Wynne - CEO 1998-2010 * Mike Clarke - Onye isi nchịkwa 2010-2019 * Beccy Speight - Onye isi nchịkwa 2019-<ref name="TS">{{Cite web|title=RSPB appoints Beccy Speight as chief executive|url=https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/rspb-appoints-beccy-speight-chief-executive/management/article/1584788|work=www.thirdsector.co.uk|accessdate=23 August 2019}}</ref> == Òtù ndị mmekọ == RSPB bụ onye otu njikọ anụ ọhịa na ime obodo. RSPB bụ Onye Mmekọ UK nke BirdLife International ma na-ejikwa South Atlantic Invasive Species Project n'aha gọọmentị ndị mmekọ. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke òtù ndị mmekọ mba Birdlife International * Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals * National Trust for Places of Historic Interest ma ọ bụ Nature Beauty * Iwu anụ ọhịa na England na Wales * Ụdị: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Reserves == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ ==   == Njikọ mpụga == * RSPB.org.uk - ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * [https://www.RSPB-images.com Foto RSPB] * Royal Society for the Protection of Birds' channel on YouTube *   *   {{European birding journals}}{{Authority control}} km3qs4v5mncgjzmibf5w58web5o0seq 0 29707 728233 723059 2026-09-26T14:52:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Magnetosphere_rendition.jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi nke onye na-ese ihe nke ikuku anyanwụ na-emekọrịta ihe na magnetosphere nke ụwa. Ọdịdị anaghị atụle.]] Oké ifufe geomagnetic, nke a makwaara dị ka oké ifufe magnetik, bụ ọgba aghara na-adịru nwa oge nke magnetosphere Ụwa nke ikuku ifufe na-ama jijiji na/ma ọ bụ ígwé ojii nke oghere magnetik na-emekọrịta ihe na mbara ala magnet. Ọgba aghara nke na-ebute oké ifufe magnetik nwere ike ịbụ ikuku coronal mass ejection (CME) ma ọ bụ (nke na-adịchaghị njọ) mpaghara mmekọrịta na-agbanwe agbanwe (CIR), iyi ikuku anyanwụ na-agba ọsọ na-esite na oghere coronal. Ugboro oke ifufe geomagnetic na-abawanye ma na-ebelata site na okirikiri anyanwụspot. N'oge oke anyanwụ, oke ifufe geomagnetic na-emekarị, nke CME na-ebute ihe ka ukwuu. Mmụba nke ikuku ikuku nke anyanwụ na-akpakọba magnetosphere na mbụ. Ebe ndọta ikuku nke anyanwụ na-emekọrịta ihe na mpaghara ndọta ụwa ma na-ebufe ike na-abawanye n'ime magnetosphere. Mmekọrịta abụọ a na-ebute mmụba nke mmegharị plasma site na magnetosphere (nke ọkụ eletrik na-abawanye n'ime magnetosphere) na mmụba nke ọkụ eletrik na magnetosphere na ionosphere. N'ime oge isi nke oke ifufe geomagnetic, ọkụ eletrik dị na magnetosphere na-emepụta ike ndọta nke na-ewepụ oke n'etiti magnetosphere na ifufe anyanwụ. Ọtụtụ ihe omume ihu igwe na-ejikọta ya na ma ọ bụ kpatara oke ifufe geomagnetic. Ndị a na-agụnye mmemme ike anyanwụ (SEP), ikuku geomagnetically induced (GIC), oké ifufe ionospheric na ọgba aghara ya na-akpata redio na radar scintillation, nkwụsị nke igodo site na kompas magnetik na ihe ngosi auroral na latitudes dị ala karịa nke nkịtị. Oké ifufe geomagnetic kasị ukwuu edekọrọ, ihe omume Carrington na Septemba 1859, wedara akụkụ nke netwọkụ telifon US mebere nso nso a, na-amalite ọkụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ telegraph na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ. N'afọ 1989, oké ifufe geomagnetic mere ka ala nwee ike kpata ike nkesa ọkụ eletrik n'ime ọtụtụ Quebec wee kpatara aurorae ruo ndịda Texas.   == Nkọwa == A na-akọwa oké ifufe geomagnetic site na mgbanwe na Dst<ref>http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dstdir/dst2/onDstindex.html Sugiura, M., and T. Kamei, Equatorial Dst index 1957–1986, IAGA Bulletin, 40, edited by A. Berthelier and M. Menville, ISGI Publ. Off., Saint. Maur-des-Fosses, France, 1991.</ref> (mgbagwoju anya - oge oké ifufe).<ref name="gonzalez">Gonzalez, W. D., J. A. Joselyn, Y. Kamide, H. W. Kroehl, G. Rostoker, B. T. Tsurutani, and V. M. Vasyliunas (1994), What is a Geomagnetic Storm?, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A4), 5771–5792.</ref> Nchịkọta Dst na-eme atụmatụ mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke akụkụ dị larịị nke ala magnetik nke ụwa na magnetik equator dabere na nha sitere na ọdụ magnetometer ole na ole. A na-agbakọ Dst otu ugboro n'otu awa ma kọọ ya n'oge dị nso.<ref>http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/Sec3.html World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto</ref> N'oge dị jụụ, Dst dị n'etiti +20 na -20 nano-Tesla (nT). Oké ifufe geomagnetic nwere usoro atọ: mmalite, isi na mgbake. E ji Dst mara usoro nke mbụ (ma ọ bụ SYM-H nke dị otu nkeji) na-abawanye site na 20 ruo 50 nT n'ime iri nkeji iri. A na-akpọkwa akụkụ nke mbụ dị ka mmalite mmalite mberede (SSC). Agbanyeghị, ọ bụghị oke ifufe geomagnetic niile nwere usoro izizi na ọ bụghị mmụba mberede na Dst ma ọ bụ SYM-H na-esochi oke ifufe geomagnetic. Akọwapụtara akụkụ bụ isi nke oke ifufe geomagnetic site na Dst na-agbada ruo ihe na-erughị −50 nT. Nhọrọ nke -50 nT iji kọwapụta oke ifufe bụ ihe aka ike. Ọnụ ego kacha nta n'oge oké ifufe ga-adị n'etiti -50 na ihe dịka -600 nT. Ogologo oge nke isi usoro bụ awa 2-8. Oge mgbake bụ mgbe Dst gbanwere site na uru kacha nta ya na uru oge dị jụụ. Usoro mgbake nwere ike ịdị mkpụmkpụ ka awa 8 ma ọ bụ ogologo ụbọchị asaa. [[Usòrò:Aurora_borealis2,_Churchill,_MB.JPG|thumb|Aurora borealis]] A na-ekewa oke nke oké ifufe geomagnetic dị ka nke dị nro (−50 nT > nke kacha nta nke Dst > −100 nT), nke siri ike (−100 nT > Dst > -250 nT) ma ọ bụ nnukwu oké ifufe (nke kacha nta nke dst < -250 nt).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cander|first=L. R.|date=1998-01-01|title=Forecasting ionospheric structure during the great geomagnetic storms|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics|language=en|volume=103|issue=A1|pages=391–398|doi=10.1029/97JA02418|issn=2156-2202}}</ref> == Ịtụle ike == A na-akọ ike nke oké ifufe na-efe efe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche, gụnyere: * Ndepụta K * Ndepụta A * G-scale nke U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ji mee ihe, nke na-atụle oké ifufe ahụ site na G1 ruo G5 (ya bụ. G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 n'usoro), ebe G1 bụ nkewa nke oké ifufe na-adịghị ike (nke kwekọrọ na uru Kp nke 5), na G5 bụ nke kachasị ike (nke dakọtara na uru KP nke 9).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation|title=NOAA Space Weather Scales|accessdate=31 May 2021}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke echiche ahụ == Na 1931, Sydney Chapman na Vincenzo C.A. Ferraro dere otu isiokwu, bụ A New Theory of Magnetic Storms, nke chọrọ ịkọwa ihe merenụ. Ha rụrụ ụka na mgbe ọ bụla anyanwụ na-ewepụta ọkụ anyanwụ, ọ na-ewepụtakwa igwe ojii plasma, nke a na-akpọ ugbu a dị ka mkpochapụ coronal mass ejection. Ha kwuputara na plasma a na-aga n'ike n'ike nke na ọ rutere n'ụwa n'ime ụbọchị 113, n'agbanyeghị na anyị maara ugbu a njem a na-ewe 1 ruo ụbọchị ise. Ha dere na ígwé ojii ahụ na-akpakọba oghere ndọta ụwa wee si otú ahụ na-amụba ubi a n'elu ụwa. Chapman na Ferraro ọrụ dọtara na nke, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Kristian Birkeland, onye ji na nso nso-achọpụtara cathode ray tubes na-egosi na ụzarị e deflected kwupụta okporo osisi nke a magnetik sphere. O chepụtara na ihe omume yiri nke ahụ bụ maka auroras, na-akọwa ihe kpatara ha na-ejikarị na mpaghara pola. == Ebe ndị mmadụ na-eme ==   Nleba anya sayensi izizi banyere mmetụta nke oke mmiri geomagnetic mere na mmalite narị afọ nke 19: site na Mee 1806 ruo June 1807, Alexander von Humboldt dekọtara ihe ndọta kompas na Berlin. Na 21 Disemba 1806, ọ chọpụtara na kompas ya aghọwo ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe n'oge mmemme auroral na-egbuke egbuke. Na Septemba 1–2, 1859, oke ifufe geomagnetic kacha dekọrọ mere. Site n'August 28 ruo Septemba 2, 1859, a hụrụ ọtụtụ ebe anwụ na anwụ na anwụ na anwụ, nke nwere ọkụ kachasị na Septemba 1. A na-akpọ nke a dị ka oke mmiri ozuzo nke anyanwụ nke 1859 ma ọ bụ ihe omume Carrington. Enwere ike iche na e sitere na Sun webatara nnukwu ọrịa coronal mass ejection (CME) wee rute ụwa n'ime awa iri na asatọ - njem na-ewekarị ụbọchị atọ ruo anọ. 1600 nT belatara oghere ahụ kwụ ọtọ dịka Colaba Observatory dekọrọ. A na-eme atụmatụ na Dst gaara adị ihe dịka -1760 nT. Waya telegraph na United States na Europe nwetara mmụba nke voltaji (emf), n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ọbụna na-ebuga ndị na-arụ ọrụ telegraph ihe egwu na ịgbanye ọkụ. A hụrụ Aurorae ruo ndịda dị ka Hawaii, Mexico, Cuba na Italy—ihe omume ndị a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara pola. Ihe mkpuchi ice na-egosi na ihe omume nke ike yiri nke ahụ na-alaghachi na nkezi ọnụego ihe dịka otu ugboro n'ime afọ 500. Kemgbe 1859, oké ifufe na-adịchaghị njọ emeela, ọkachasị aurora nke November 17, 1882 na oké ifufe geomagnetic nke May 1921, ma na-agbasa ozi telegraph na mmalite ọkụ, na 1960, mgbe a kọrọ banyere mgbagwoju anya redio.<ref name="Odenwald">{{Cite journal|title=Bracing the Satellite Infrastructure for a Solar Superstorm|journal=Sci. Am.|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=bracing-for-a-solar-superstorm}}</ref> [[Usòrò:ExtremeEvent_19890310-00h_19890315-24h.jpg|thumb|GOES-7 na-enyocha ọnọdụ ihu igwe na mbara igwe n'oge oké ifufe Geomagnetic nke Machị 1989, onye nyocha neutron nke Moscow dekọrọ ịgafe nke CME dị ka ọdịda na ọkwa a maara dị ka mbelata Forbush.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Extreme Space Weather Events|publisher=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]|url=http://sxi.ngdc.noaa.gov/sxi_greatest.html}}</ref>]] Ná mmalite August 1972, a usoro nke flares na anyanwụ oké ifufe ọnụ na a njali elu e mere atụmatụ na gburugburu X20 na-emepụta ọsọ ọsọ CME n'ụzọ mgbe e dekọrọ na oké geomagnetic na proton oké ifufe nke na-akpaghasị terrestrial eletriki na nkwukọrịta netwọk, yana Satellites (opekata mpe otu mere. na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide), ma gbawaa n'otu ntabi anya ọtụtụ ogbunigwe mmiri magnetik nke US Navy na North Vietnam. Oké ifufe nke March 1989 mere ka grid ike Hydro-Québec daa na sekọnd dị ka ihe nchebe ngwá ọrụ na-adaba n'usoro.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{Cite news|title=Scientists probe northern lights from all angles|url=http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2005/10/22/northern_lights_051022.html|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Company|CBC]]|date=22 October 2005}}</ref> Nde mmadụ isii enweghị ọkụ eletrik ruo awa itoolu. Oké ifufe ahụ mere ka auroras ruo n'ebe ndịda dị ka [[Texas]] na [[Flórídạ|Florida]]. Oké ifufe ahụ kpatara ihe omume a bụ n'ihi oke coronal nke a chụpụrụ n'Anyanwụ na Machị 9, 1989.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Geomagnetic Storms Can Threaten Electric Power Grid|journal=Earth in Space|volume=9|issue=7|pages=9–11|date=March 1997|url=http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eiskappenman.html|archive-date=2008-06-11|access-date=2023-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611174103/http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eiskappenman.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dst kacha nta bụ -589 nT. Na Julaị 14, 2000, ọkụ klaasị X5 gbawara (nke a maara dị ka emume ụbọchị Bastille) wee malite otu coronal mass ozugbo na Ụwa. Nnukwu oke ifufe geomagnetic mere na Julaị 15–17; opekempe nke ndeksi Dst bụ -301 nT. N'agbanyeghị ike oke mmiri ozuzo ahụ, enweghị ikesa ikesa ọkụ ka akọpụtaghị. Voyager 1 na Voyager 2 mere emume ụbọchị Bastille, ya mere ọ bụ nke kacha dị anya na Sistemụ Anyanwụ ka ahụrụla oke mmiri ozuzo. Nnukwu ọkụ iri na asaa gbawara n'Anyanwụ n'etiti 19 Ọktoba na 5 Nọvemba 2003, gụnyere ikekwe ọkụ kachasị ike a tụrụ na ihe mmetụta GOES XRS - nnukwu ọkụ X28, nke kpatara oke ọkụ redio, na 4 Nọvember.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thomson|first=N. R.|year=2004|title=Ionosphere gives size of greatest solar flare|journal=Geophys. Res. Lett.|volume=31|issue=6|doi=10.1029/2003GL019345}}</ref> A na-ejikọta ọkụ ndị a na ihe omume CME nke kpatara oké ifufe atọ na-eme ka ala dị n'etiti 29 Ọktoba na 2 Nọvemba, n'oge nke a malitere oké ifufe nke abụọ na nke atọ tupu oge oké ifufe gara aga gbakee kpamkpam. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta nke Dst bụ -151, -353 na -383 nT. Oké ifufe ọzọ n'usoro a mere na 4-5 Nọvemba na opekata mpe Dst nke -69 nT. Oké ifufe geomagnetic ikpeazụ adịghị ike karịa oké ifufe ndị bu ya ụzọ, n'ihi na mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ na Anyanwụ agbagharịla karịa meridian ebe akụkụ etiti CME kere n'oge ihe omume flare gafere n'akụkụ ụwa. A maara usoro ahụ dum dị ka Halloween Solar Storm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/Services/HalloweenStorms_assessment.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2011-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172705/http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/Services/HalloweenStorms_assessment.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-28}} Halloween Space Weather Storms of 2003, NOAA Technical Memorandum OAR SEC-88, Space Environment Center, Boulder, Colorado, June 2004</ref> Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) nke Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) na-arụ ọrụ na-anọghị n'ịntanetị ruo ihe dịka awa 30 n'ihi oké ifufe ahụ.<ref name="nas2008">http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12507.html ''Severe Space Weather Events - Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts – Workshop Report, ''National Research Council of the National Academies, The National Academies Press, Washington, D. C., 2008</ref> Satellite ADEOS-2 nke Japan mebiri nke ukwuu ma kwụsị ọrụ nke ọtụtụ satellites ndị ọzọ n'ihi oké ifufe ahụ.<ref>http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/25/46891645.pdf 'Geomagnetic Storms' CENTRA Technology, Inc. report (14 January 2011) prepared for the Office of Risk Management and Analysis, United States Department of Homeland Security</ref> == Mmekọrịta ya na usoro mbara ala == [[Usòrò:Magnetopause.svg|thumb|Magnetosphere na gburugburu ebe obibi dị nso n'ụwa.]] Ifufe anyanwụ na-eburukwa ya ebe ndọta anyanwụ. Mpaghara a ga-enwe ma North ma ọ bụ South nghazi. Ọ bụrụ na ifufe anyanwụ nwere ike ịgbawa, nkwekọrịta na ịgbasa magnetosphere, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na anyanwụ na-ewe a n'ebe ndịda polarization, geomagnetic oké ifufe nwere ike ịtụ anya. Mpaghara ndịda na-ebute njikọ ndọta nke magnetopause nke ehihie, na-etinye ngwa ngwa magnetik na ike ahụ n'ime magnetosphere ụwa. N'oge oké ifufe geomagnetic, ionosphere's F2 layer na-aghọ ihe na-adịghị akwụsi ike, iberibe, ma nwedịrị ike ịpụ. N'ebe ugwu na mpaghara ndịda nke ụwa, a na-ahụ auroras. == Ngwá Ọrụ == Magnetometers na-enyocha mpaghara auroral yana mpaghara equatorial. A na-eji ụdị radar abụọ, coherent scatter na incoherent scatter, iji nyochaa ionosphere auroral. Site n'ịgba mgbaàmà na ionospheric irregularities, nke na-agagharị na akara mpaghara, mmadụ nwere ike ịchọpụta mmegharị ha ma kwuo magnetospheric convection. Ngwá ọrụ ụgbọ mbara igwe gụnyere: * Magnetometers, na-abụkarị ụdị ọnụ ụzọ flux. Ndị a na-adịkarị na njedebe nke mmụba, iji gbochie ha pụọ na mgbochi magnetik site na ụgbọ mbara igwe na usoro eletrik ya.<ref name="Magnetometry">{{Cite web|author=Snare|first=Robert C.|title=A History of Vector Magnetometry in Space|publisher=University of California|url=http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/ESS265/History.html|accessdate=2008-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520150421/http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/ESS265/History.html|archivedate=2012-05-20}}</ref> * A na-eji ihe mmetụta eletrik na njedebe nke mmụba na-emegide iji tụọ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ebe dị iche iche, iji nweta mpaghara eletrik metụtara convection. Usoro a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na plasma dị elu na ala Earth orbit; n'ebe dị anya site na Earth long booms dị mkpa, iji zere mgbochi nke ike eletrik. * Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri redio site n'ala nwere ike ịwụli elu ebili mmiri redio nke ugboro dịgasị iche na ionosphere, ma site n'ịlaghachi oge ha na-ekpebi njirimara njupụta electron - ruo n'ókè ya, gafere nke ebili mmiri radio anaghịzi alaghachi. Ndị na-enyocha redio na ala ụwa na-agba gburugburu n'ụgbọelu Canada Alouette 1 (1962) na Alouette 2 (1965), na-ebugharị ebili mmiri redio n'ụwa ma na-ahụ njirimara njupụta electron nke "top ionosphere". A nwalere ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-ada ụda redio na ionosphere (dịka na IMAGE). * Ndị na-achọpụta ihe na-agụnye Geiger counter, dị ka e ji mee ihe maka nchọpụta mbụ nke Van Allen radiation belt. Ndị na-achọpụta ihe na-egbuke egbuke bịara mgbe e mesịrị, ma mgbe e mesịrị "channeltron" electron multipliers hụrụ ojiji dị ukwuu. Iji nweta ụgwọ na ihe mejupụtara ya, yana ike, a na-eji ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke mass spectrograph. Maka ike ruru ihe dị ka 50 keV (nke mejupụtara ka ukwuu na plasma magnetospheric) a na-eji spectrometers oge-of-flight (dịka "top-hat" imewe) eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. Kọmputa emewo ka o kwe omume ikpokọta ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ihe ndọta dịpụrụ adịpụ wee wepụta nkezi usoro nke ikuku eletrik na nkezi nzaghachi maka ọdịiche dị n'etiti mbara ala. Ha na-emekwa ihe ngosi nke magnetosphere zuru ụwa ọnụ na nzaghachi ya, site na idozi nha nhata nke magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) na grid ọnụọgụ. A ghaghị ịgbakwunye ihe ndọtị kwesịrị ekwesị iji kpuchie magnetosphere dị n'ime, ebe ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche ihe ndọtị magnetik na ionospheric conduction. Na mpaghara pola, jikọtara ya na ikuku anyanwụ, nnukwu ionospheric anomalies nwere ike ịdezi nke ọma, ọbụlagodi n'oge oke oke oke mmiri geomagnetic. Na obere akpịrịkpa (tụnyere ogo nke latitude / longitude) nsonaazụ ya siri ike ịkọwa, yana ụfọdụ echiche gbasara oke-amanye amanye ejighị n'aka dị mkpa. == Mmetụta nke oké ifufe na-eme ka ala dị n'okpuru ala == === Mgbanwe nke usoro eletrik === A tụwo aro na oké ifufe geomagnetic n'ogo nke oké ifufe anyanwụ nke 1859 taa ga-akpata ọtụtụ ijeri ma ọ bụ ọbụna puku atọ nke dollar nke mmebi nke satellites, grid ike na nkwukọrịta redio, ma nwee ike ịkpata nkwụsị ọkụ eletrik n'ọtụtụ nke a na-agaghị edozi maka izu, ọnwa, ma ọ bụ ọbụnakwa afọ.<ref name="nas2008"/> Ọkụ ọkụ eletrik dị otú ahụ na mberede nwere ike imerụ mmepụta nri.<ref name="food">{{Cite journal|author=Lassen|first=B|title=Is livestock production prepared for an electrically paralysed world?|journal=J Sci Food Agric|volume=93|issue=1|pages=2–4|year=2013|pmid=23111940|doi=10.1002/jsfa.5939}}</ref> === Isi grid eletrik === Mgbe oghere magnetik na-agagharị na nso nke onye ndu dị ka waya, a na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ na onye ndu. Nke a na-eme n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'oge oké ifufe geomagnetic (otu usoro ahụ metụtakwara akara ekwentị na telegraph tupu fiber optics, lee n'elu) na eriri nnyefe niile dị ogologo. Ogologo eriri nnyefe (ọtụtụ kilomita n'ogologo) na-enwe mmebi site na mmetụta a. N'ụzọ doro anya, nke a na-agụnye ndị ọrụ na China, North America, na Australia, ọkachasị na voltaji dị elu nke oge a, akara mgbochi dị ala. Grid Europe na-agụnye usoro nnyefe dị mkpirikpi, nke na-adịchaghị emebi.<ref name="kappenman">{{Cite news|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/a-perfect-storm-of-planetary-proportions/0|title=A Perfect Storm of Planetary Proportions|work=[[IEEE Spectrum]]|date=February 2012|accessdate=2012-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114150738/https://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/a-perfect-storm-of-planetary-proportions/0|archive-date=2019-01-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Natuurwetenschap & Techniek Magazine, June 2009</ref> Igwe (nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpọmkwem) nke a na-ebute n'ahịrị ndị a site na oké ifufe geomagnetic na-emerụ ngwá ọrụ nnyefe eletrik, ọkachasị ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe - na-akpata isi saturation, na-egbochi arụmọrụ ha (yana ịsụ ngọngọ dị iche iche), ma na-eme ka coils na cores na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, okpomọkụ a nwere ike imebi ma ọ bụ bibie ha, ọbụlagodi na-akpata mmeghachi omume nke nwere ike imebiga transformer ókè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/21jan_severespaceweather.htm|title=NASA - Severe Space Weather--Social and Economic Impacts|date=24 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124153337/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/21jan_severespaceweather.htm|accessdate=27 June 2023|archivedate=24 January 2009}}</ref> A na-ejikọta ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na grid site na ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ekewapụ ha site na currents na grid, na-eme ka ha ghara inwe ike imebi n'ihi ọkụ eletrik na-emebi emebi. Otú ọ dị, transformer nke a na-etinye n'okpuru nke a ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka ibu na-adịghị mma na generator, na-akpata usoro na-adịghị njọ na stator ma si otú a na-ekpo ọkụ rotor. Dị ka nnyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ Metatech si kwuo, oké ifufe nwere ike iji tụnyere nke 1921 ga-ebibi ihe karịrị ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe 300 ma hapụ ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 130 na-enweghị ike na United States, na-efu ọtụtụ puku ijeri dollar.<ref>Severe Space Weather Events: Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts : a Workshop Report. Washington, D.C.: National Academies, 2008 [http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12507&page=1 Web.] 15 Nov. 2011. Pages 78, 105, & 106.</ref> A na-arụrịta ụka banyere oke nkwụsịtụ ahụ, na ụfọdụ akaebe nke ndị omeiwu na-egosi nkwụsịtụ na-enweghị njedebe ruo mgbe enwere ike dochie ma ọ bụ rụzie ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe. Amụma ndị a na-emegide akụkọ North American Electric Reliability Corporation nke kwubiri na oké ifufe geomagnetic ga-akpata ọgba aghara grid nwa oge mana enweghị mbibi zuru oke nke transformer dị elu. Akụkọ ahụ na-ekwu na ọdịda grid nke Quebec a kpọtụrụ aha n'ọtụtụ ebe abụghị site na transformer na-ekpobiga ọkụ ókè kama site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'otu oge nke relays asaa.<ref>Effects of Geomagnetic Disturbances on the Bulk Power System. North American Electric Reliability Corporation, February 2012. {{Cite web|url=https://www.frcc.com/Public%20Awareness/Lists/Announcements/Attachments/105/GMD%20Interim%20Report.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908075507/https://www.frcc.com/Public%20Awareness/Lists/Announcements/Attachments/105/GMD%20Interim%20Report.pdf|archivedate=2015-09-08}}</ref> E wezụga na ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-emetụta mmetụta nke oké ifufe geomagnetic, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nwekwara ike imetụta ya n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè site na oké ifufe na-emetụtakwa ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-enye ọrụ ịntanetị nwere ike ịdaba n'oge oké ifufe geomagnetic (ma ọ bụ nọrọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ogologo oge mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị). Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ịnwe ngwá ọrụ chọrọ njikọ ịntanetị na-arụ ọrụ iji rụọ ọrụ, yabụ n'oge onye na-enye ọrụ ịntanetị dara, ọkụ eletrik nwekwara ike ọ gaghị ekesa.<ref>Kijk magazine 6/2017, mentioned by Marcel Spit of Adviescentrum Bescherming Vitale Infrastructuur]</ref> Site n'inweta ịdọ aka ná ntị na ịdọ aka na ntị (dịka site na Space Weather Prediction Center; site na Satellite Space Weather dị ka SOHO ma ọ bụ ACE), ụlọ ọrụ ike nwere ike ibelata mmebi nke ngwá ọrụ nnyefe ike, site na iwepụ ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ site na ime ka ọkụ kwụsị nwa oge. Nzọụkwụ mgbochi dịkwa, gụnyere igbochi ntinye nke GICs n'ime grid site na njikọ na-anọpụ iche na ala.<ref name="kappenman"/> === Nkwurịta okwu === Usoro nkwukọrịta dị elu (3-30 MHz) na-eji ionosphere iji gosipụta akara redio n'ebe dị anya. Ionospheric storms nwere ike imetụta nkwurịta okwu redio na latitudes niile. A na-amịkọrọ ụfọdụ ugboro ma na-egosipụta ndị ọzọ, na-eduga na mgbaàmà na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa na ụzọ mgbasa na-atụghị anya ya. Ọrụ anyanwụ anaghị emetụta ụlọ ọrụ redio TV na azụmahịa, mana ala na ikuku, ụgbọ mmiri na ụsọ mmiri, mgbasa ozi mkpirikpi na redio amateur (karịsịa bands n'okpuru 30 MHz) na-agbakarị. Ndị ọrụ redio na-eji bands HF na-adabere na ịdọ aka ná ntị anyanwụ na geomagnetic iji mee ka usoro nkwurịta okwu ha na-aga n'ihu ma na-agba ọsọ. Nchọpụta ndị agha ma ọ bụ usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị n'oge na-arụ ọrụ na oke oge na-emetụtakwa ọrụ anyanwụ. ''Radar'' na-agafe horizon na-eme ka akara na-apụ na ionosphere iji nyochaa mwepụta nke ụgbọelu na mgbọ ogbunigwe site n'ebe dị anya. N'oge oké ifufe geomagnetic, usoro a nwere ike igbochi ya nke ukwuu site na redio clutter. Ọzọkwa ụfọdụ usoro nchọpụta n'okpuru mmiri na-eji akara magnetik nke ụgbọ mmiri dị ka otu ntinye na atụmatụ ịchọta ha. Oké ifufe geomagnetic nwere ike ikpuchi ma gbagọọ akara ndị a. Federal Aviation Administration na-enweta ịdọ aka ná ntị nke mgbawa redio anyanwụ ka ha wee nwee ike ịmata nsogbu nkwurịta okwu ma zere mmezi na-enweghị isi. Mgbe ụgbọelu na ụlọ ọrụ ala jikọtara ya na Anyanwụ, oke mkpọtụ nwere ike ime na redio na-achịkwa ikuku. [citation needed] Nke a nwekwara ike ime na nkwukọrịta satellite UHF na SHF, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ụwa, satellite na Anyanju dị n'usoro. Iji gbochie mmezi na-enweghị isi na usoro nkwukọrịta satellite n'ụgbọelu AirSatOne na-enye nri dị ndụ maka ihe omume geophysical site na NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center. na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ilele ihe a hụrụ na amụma nke oké ifufe mbara igwe.<ref>[https://www.airsatone.com//gams AirSatOne’s Live Feed]</ref> Geophysical Alerts dị mkpa maka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu na ndị ọrụ mmezi iji chọpụta ma ọrụ ọ bụla na-abịanụ ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere ma ọ bụ ga-enwe mmetụta na nkwukọrịta satellite, igodo GPS na HF Communications. Oké ifufe geomagnetic metụtara eriri telegraph n'oge gara aga. Telegraphs jiri otu waya ogologo maka akara data, na-agbatị ọtụtụ kilomita, na-eji ala dị ka waya nloghachi ma na-enye ike DC site na batrị; nke a mere ka ha (ya na akara ike a kpọtụrụ aha n'okpuru) nwee ike ịbụ ndị mgbanwe nke mgbanaka ahụ kpatara. Voltage / ọkụ eletrik nke oké ifufe geomagnetic kpatara nwere ike belata mgbaàmà ahụ, mgbe ewepụrụ ya na batrị polarity, ma ọ bụ na mgbaàmà siri ike na nke na-abụghị eziokwu mgbe agbakwunyere ya; ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ mụtara iwepụ batrị ahụ ma dabere na ọkụ eletrik a na-akpali dị ka isi iyi ike ha. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọkụ eletrik a na-akpata dị elu nke ukwuu na coils n'akụkụ na-anata ọkụ na-ere, ma ọ bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ nwetara mkpọtụ eletrik. Oké ifufe na-emetụtakwa eriri ekwentị dị ogologo, gụnyere eriri dị n'okpuru mmiri ọ gwụla ma ha bụ fiber optic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/storm/storms.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050911073432/http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/storm/storms.html|title=image.gsfc.nasa.gov|archivedate=11 September 2005}}</ref> Mmebi nke satellites nkwukọrịta nwere ike imebi ekwentị, telivishọn, redio na njikọ Ịntanetị na-abụghị nke ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Solar Storms Could Be Earth's Next Katrina|work=NPR.org|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124125001|accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref> National Academy of Sciences kọrọ na 2008 banyere ihe omume ndị nwere ike imebi n'ọtụtụ ebe na 2012-2013 anyanwụ kachasị elu.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Severe Space Weather Events—Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: Workshop Report|publisher=National Academies Press|location=Washington, D.C|date=2008|doi=10.17226/12507|isbn=978-0-309-12769-1|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12507#toc}}</ref> Oké ifufe anyanwụ nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nkwụsịtụ Ịntanetị n'ụwa niile ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Nnyocha na-akọwa usoro na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibelata - dị ka netwọk netwọk ndị ọrụ na-enye ike, ngwa ndị ọgbọ na ndị ọgbọ na usoro ọhụrụ - ma nyochaa ike nke akụrụngwa Ịntanetị ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Computer scientist warns global internet is not prepared for a large solar storm|url=https://techxplore.com/news/2021-08-scientist-global-internet-large-solar.html|accessdate=22 September 2021|work=techxplore.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=A Bad Solar Storm Could Cause an 'Internet Apocalypse'|url=https://www.wired.com/story/solar-storm-internet-apocalypse-undersea-cables/|accessdate=22 September 2021|work=Wired}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jyothi|first=Sangeetha Abdu|title=Solar superstorms: planning for an internet apocalypse|journal=Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference|date=9 August 2021|pages=692–704|doi=10.1145/3452296.3472916}}</ref> === Usoro ụgbọ mmiri === Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), na usoro igodo ndị ọzọ dị ka LORAN na OMEGA na-adịghịzi adị na-emetụta nke ọma mgbe ọrụ anyanwụ na-emebi mgbasa ozi mgbaàmà ha. Usoro OMEGA nwere transmitters asatọ dị n'ụwa niile. Ụgbọelu na ụgbọ mmiri na-eji akara ngosi dị ala site na transmitters ndị a iji chọpụta ọnọdụ ha. N'oge ihe omume anyanwụ na oké ifufe geomagnetic, usoro ahụ nyere ndị na-eme njem ozi na-ezighị ezi site na ọtụtụ kilomita. Ọ bụrụ na a dọrọ ndị na-eme njem aka na ntị na ihe omume proton ma ọ bụ oké ifufe geomagnetic na-aga n'ihu, ha gaara agbanwe na usoro ndabere. A na-emetụta mgbaàmà GNSS mgbe ọrụ anyanwụ na-akpata mgbanwe mberede na njupụta nke ionosphere, na-eme ka mgbaàmà satellite na-enwu gbaa (dị ka kpakpando na-egbuke egbuke). A na-amụ scintillation nke mgbaàmà satellite n'oge nsogbu ionospheric na HAARP n'oge nnwale mgbanwe ionospherical. A mụọla ya na Jicamarca Radio Observatory. Otu teknụzụ eji ekwe ka ndị na-anabata GPS gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ọnụnọ nke ụfọdụ mgbaàmà mgbagwoju anya bụ Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). Otú ọ dị, a na-adabere na RAIM na echiche na ọtụtụ n'ime ìgwè kpakpando GPS na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ya mere ọ bara uru nke ukwuu mgbe ìgwè kpakpant dum na-emetụta mmetụta ụwa dịka oké ifufe geomagnetic. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na RAIM achọpụta na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe efu n'ọnọdụ ndị a, ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike inye mgbaàmà bara uru, nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. === Mmebi nke ngwaike satellite === Oké ifufe nke geomagnetic na mmụba nke ultraviolet nke anyanwụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu ikuku nke ụwa, na-eme ka ọ gbasaa. Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-arị elu, na njupụta na orbit nke satellites ruo ihe dị ka 1,000 km (600 mi) na-abawanye ukwuu. Nke a na-ebute mmụba, na-eme ka satellites belata ma gbanwee orbit ntakịrị. Satellite ndị na-agba gburugburu ala nke a na-adịghị akwalite ugboro ugboro na mbara igwe dị elu na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ daa ma mesịa gbaa ọkụ. Mbibi nke Skylab na 1979 bụ ihe atụ nke ụgbọ mbara igwe na-abanyeghachi na ikuku ụwa n'oge n'ihi ọrụ anyanwụ dị elu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Benson|first=Charles Dunlap|year=1983|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm|title=Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab|publisher=NASA Scientific and Technical Information Office|id=SP-4208|oclc=8114293}}</ref> N'oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo nke Machị 1989, anọ n'ime satellites ụgbọ mmiri nke US ga-ewepụ n'ọrụ ruo otu izu, US Space Command ga-etinye ihe ọhụrụ na-agba gburugburu maka ihe karịrị 1000 metụtara, na Satellite Solar Maximum Mission dara na Disemba n'otu afọ ahụ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220120120920/ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/SOLAR_DATA/Publications/March1989Events/EffectsoftheMarch1989SolarActivity-Allen%20et%20al%20-%201989.pdf "Effects of the March 1989 Solar Activity"], by Allen, Frank, Sauer, Reiff, in ''Eos'', November 14, 1989 p. 1488</ref> Nsogbu nke satellites na-adabere na ọnọdụ ha. South Atlantic Anomaly bụ ebe dị ize ndụ maka satellite gafere, n'ihi oghere geomagnetic na-adịghị ike na ala ala.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/05/science/dip-on-earth-is-big-trouble-in-space.html|title='Dip' on Earth is Big Trouble in Space|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Broad|first=William J.|date=5 June 1990|accessdate=31 December 2009}}</ref> === Paịpụ === Igwe magnetik na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa nwere ike ịmepụta ike eletrik na-akpata na paịpụ. Nke a nwere ike ịkpata ọtụtụ nsogbu maka ndị injinia pipeline. Mita na-agafe na paịpụ nwere ike izipu ozi na-ezighi ezi na ọnụego corrosion nke paịpụ ahụ nwere ike ịbawanye nke ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gummow|first=R|title=GIC effects on pipeline corrosion and corrosion control systems|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics|volume=64|date=2002|doi=10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00125-6|issue=16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Osella|first=A|title=Currents induced by geomagnetic storms on buried pipelines as a cause of corrosion|journal=Journal of Applied Geophysics|volume=38|date=1998|doi=10.1016/S0926-9851(97)00019-0|issue=3}}</ref> === Ihe ize ndụ nke radiation nye ụmụ mmadụ === Ikuku nke ụwa na magnetosphere na-enye nchebe zuru oke n'ala, mana ndị na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe nwere ike igbu egbu. Ịbanye nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị elu n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ dị ndụ nwere ike ịkpata mmebi chromosome, ọrịa kansa na nsogbu ahụike ndị ọzọ. Ọgwụ buru ibu nwere ike igbu mmadụ ozugbo. Protons nke anyanwụ nwere ike karịrị 30 MeV dị ize ndụ karịsịa.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjacAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|title=Radiation and the International Space Station: Recommendations to Reduce Risk|author=Council|first=National Research|date=2000|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-06885-7}}</ref> Ihe omume proton anyanwụ nwekwara ike ịmepụta radiation dị elu n'ụgbọelu na-efe n'ebe dị elu. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ize ndụ ndị a dị obere, enwere ike ikpughe ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu ugboro ugboro, na nlekota nke ihe omume proton anyanwụ site na ikpughe satellite na-enye ohere ka a nyochaa ma nyochaa ya, ma mechaa gbanwee ụzọ ụgbọ elu na ịdị elu iji belata ọgwụ a na-amị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cordis.europa.eu/documents/documentlibrary/75331981EN6.pdf|title=CORDIS &#124; European Commission|accessdate=27 June 2023|archivedate=23 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323041346/http://cordis.europa.eu/documents/documentlibrary/75331981EN6.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unscear.org/docs/reports/2008/09-86753_Report_2008_GA_Report_corr2.pdf |title=Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, UNSCEAR 2008 |accessdate=2023-08-19 |archivedate=2019-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105222241/http://www.unscear.org/docs/reports/2008/09-86753_Report_2008_GA_Report_corr2.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Phillips|first=Tony|title=The Effects of Space Weather on Aviation|work=Science News|publisher=NASA|date=25 October 2013|url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/25oct_aviationswx/|accessdate=19 August 2023|archivedate=28 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928003535/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/25oct_aviationswx/}}</ref> Mmụba nke ala, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe omume ala ma ọ bụ GLEs, na-eme mgbe ihe omume nke anyanwụ nwere ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere ike zuru ezu iji nwee mmetụta na ala, nke achọpụtala dị ka mmụba na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke neutrons a tụrụ na ala. E gosipụtara na ihe omume ndị a nwere mmetụta na radiation dosage, mana ha anaghị eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa kansa dịkwuo elu.<ref name="BritishGovSpaceWeather">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/space-weather-and-radiation|title=British Government: Space Weather and radiation guidance, Public Health England|accessdate=6 January 2022}}</ref> === Mmetụta ọ na-emetụta ụmụ anụmanụ === E nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ sayensị na-ese okwu banyere njikọ dị n'etiti oké ifufe na ahụike mmadụ. Nke a malitere na akwụkwọ ndị Russia, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ọdịda anyanwụ mechara mụọ isiokwu ahụ. Echiche maka ihe kpatara ya gụnyere itinye aka na cryptochrome, melatonin, pineal gland, na circadian rhythm.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=James Close|title=Are stress responses to geomagnetic storms mediated by the cryptochrome compass system?|journal=Proc Biol Sci|date=Jun 7, 2012|volume=279|issue=1736|pages=2081–2090|doi=10.1098/rspb.2012.0324|pmid=22418257}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-atụ aro na oké ifufe anyanwụ na-eme ka whales nọrọ n'ụsọ osimiri n'onwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170206083827.htm|title=Scientist studies whether solar storms cause animal beachings|work=ScienceDaily|accessdate=27 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41110082|title=Northern lights link to whale strandings|first=Matt|author=McGrath|work=BBC News|date=5 September 2017}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ekwuola na ụmụ anụmanụ na-agagharị agagharị nke na-eji magnetoreception eme njem, dị ka nnụnụ na aṅụ, nwekwara ike imetụta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Solar Storms May Ignite South-Reaching Auroras Wednesday|work=US News & World Report|date=6 September 2017|url=//www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-09-06/solar-storms-may-ignite-south-reaching-auroras-wednesday|accessdate=27 June 2023}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==   [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pot7ibjntrbzh27bogkqtyfa5xq2i6f 0 29740 728387 118945 2026-09-27T03:25:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry''' (SETAC) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka [[Environmental toxicology|toxicology]] na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=US EPA|first=ORD|title=Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC): Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS|url=https://www.epa.gov/research/society-environmental-toxicology-and-chemistry-setac-environmental-risk-assessment-pfas|work=US EPA|accessdate=28 August 2019|language=en|date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828230211/https://www.epa.gov/research/society-environmental-toxicology-and-chemistry-setac-environmental-risk-assessment-pfas|archive-date=28 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry|url=https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/15528618/aims-and-scope/read-full-aims-and-scope|work=setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com|accessdate=28 August 2019|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere ya iji nye ohere nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi gburugburu ụwa. E hiwere ya na 1979 na North America. == Ọrụ == SETAC na-akwalite sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi site na ịme nzukọ, ogbako, na symposia; inye onyinye na-amata maka ịdị mma; ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ n'ọhịa site na ịhazi ọmụmụ ọzụzụ na ịkwado ụmụ akwụkwọ; na site na mmemme mbipụta ya. Ọ na-enwe nzukọ na ihe omume gburugburu ụwa. Ọ na-emepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị abụọ; Environmental ''Toxicology'' and Chemistry (ET&C), nke ọ mepụtara kemgbe 1982, na mbụ kwa afọ ma mesịa kwa ọnwa site na 1986; na Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) [citation needed]. Ọ na-emepụta akwụkwọ n'ịntanetị ma dị mfe ịgụ akwụkwọ teknụzụ na akwụkwọ sayensị, nke dị n'ihu ọha. == Hụkwa == * European Association of Geochemistry == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Environmental science}}{{authority control}} t13unfjsx8rat8pc0r2rluube4duarz 0 29874 728439 182606 2026-09-27T09:06:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Grant-Kohrs_Ranch.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Nlegharị anya nke Grant-Kohrs Ranch dị nso na Deer Lodge, [[Montana]]]] A '''ranch''' (from {{lang-es|rancho}}/Mexican Spanish) is an area of land, including various structures, given primarily to '''ranching''', the practice of raising [[Ịta nri|grazing]] [[Anụ ụlọ|livestock]] such as cattle and sheep. It is a subtype of farm. These terms are most often applied to livestock-raising operations in [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], the Western United States and Western Canada, though there are ranches in other areas. People who own or operate a ranch are called '''ranchers''', '''cattlemen''', or '''stockgrowers'''. Ranching is also a method used to raise less common [[Anụ ụlọ|livestock]] such as horses, elk, American bison, ostrich, emu, and alpaca. Ranches na-enwekarị nnukwu ebe, mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nha ọ bụla. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ United States, ọtụtụ ranches bụ ngwakọta nke ala nke onwe ya gbakwunyere site na ịgbazite ala n'okpuru nchịkwa nke Bureau of Land Management ma ọ bụ United States Forest Service. Ọ bụrụ na anụ ụlọ ahụ gụnyere ala a na-akọ [[Ala a na-akọ ugbo|ubi]] ma ọ bụ ala a na'ịgba mmiri, anụ ụlọ ahụ nwekwara ike itinye aka n'ọrụ ugbo dị nta, na-azụ ihe ọkụkụ maka inye ụmụ anụmanụ nri, dị ka ahịhịa na ọka nri.<ref name=":0">Holechek, J.L., Geli, H.M., Cibils, A.F. and Sawalhah, M.N., 2020. Climate Change, Rangelands, and Sustainability of Ranching in the Western United States. ''Sustainability'', ''12''(12), p.4942.</ref> Ranches that cater exclusively to tourists are called guest ranches or, colloquially, "dude ranches". Most working ranches do not cater to guests, though they may allow private [[Ichu nta|hunters]] or outfitters onto their property to hunt native wildlife. However, in recent years,{{when|date=October 2021}} a few struggling smaller operations have added some dude ranch features such as horseback rides, cattle drives, and guided hunting to bring in additional income. Ranching is part of the iconography of the "Wild West" as seen in Western movies and rodeos.   == Ọrụ ugbo == [[Usòrò:Cattle_Ranch_(5451966167).jpg|thumb|Aike Ranch, El Calafate]] A na-akpọkarị onye nwere ma na-ahụ maka ọrụ ebe a na-azụ anụ ụlọ, ma a na-ejikwa okwu ndị na-achị ehi, onye na-azụ anụ, ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ anụ eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na onye a na-ahụ maka njikwa n'ozuzu ya bụ onye ọrụ nke onye nwe ya n'ezie, a na-eji okwu foreman ma ọ bụ onye nlekọta anụ ụlọ. A na-akpọ onye na-azụ anụ bụ́ onye na-akpa anụ mgbe ụfọdụ onye na-azụ ehi ma ọ bụ nwa ehi. Onye a na-abụkarị onye nwe ya, ọ bụ ezie na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, karịsịa ebe enweghị onye nwe ya, ọ bụ onye na-elekọta anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ onye nlekọta anụ ụlọ. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke onye na-azụ anụ ma na-ekere òkè n'ịgwọ anụ ụlọ ka a na-akpọ ọtụtụ okwu, gụnyere cowhand, anụ ụlọ, na cowboy. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ ndị mmadụ na-akpachapụ anya n'ịnyịnya ịnyịnya. == Mmalite nke ịkpa anụ == Ịzụ anụ na omenala ehi malitere na Spen, n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa ijikwa nnukwu anụ ụlọ na-ata nri n'ala kpọrọ nkụ site n'ịnyịnya. N'oge Reconquista, ndị otu ndị ama ama Spanish na iwu agha dị iche iche natara nnukwu onyinye ala nke Alaeze Castile meriri site na Moors. Ndị nwe ala a ga-agbachitere ala ndị etinyere n'aka ha ma nwee ike iji ha nweta ego ha nwetara. N'ime usoro a, a chọpụtara na ịzụ atụrụ na ehi n'èzí (n'okpuru usoro Mesta) bụ ihe kacha mma maka traktị buru ibu, karịsịa n'akụkụ Spain nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Castilla-La Mancha, Extremadura na Andalusia. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme na North America == [[Usòrò:Frijole_Ranch_4.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|450x450px|Frijole Ranch (ihe dị ka ) bụ akụkụ nke Guadalupe Mountains National Park na ọdịda anyanwụ [[Texas]], United States.]] Mgbe ndị Conquistadors bịara [[Amerikas|Amerịka]] na narị afọ nke iri na isii, ndị bi na ya sochiri, ha wetara ha ehi na usoro ịzụ ehi. Nnukwu onyinye ala site n'aka gọọmentị Spain (ma mesịa bụrụ nke Mexico), akụkụ nke usoro hacienda, nyere ohere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke anụmanụ na-agagharị n'enweghị ihe mgbochi n'ebe buru ibu. Ọtụtụ omenala dị iche iche mepụtara, na-emetụtakarị ebe mbụ dị na Spain nke ebe obibi sitere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọtụtụ n'ime omenala nke Jalisco charros na etiti Mexico sitere na Salamanca charros nke Castile.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Omenala vaquero nke Northern Mexico bụ ihe okike, mepụtara iji kwekọọ na njirimara nke mpaghara ahụ site na isi mmalite Spanish site na mmekọrịta ọdịbendị n'etiti ndị isi Spanish na ụmụ amaala na ndị mestizo.<ref>Haeber, Jonathan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20030816071325/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/08/0814_030815_cowboys.html "Vaqueros: The First Cowboys of the Open Range"]. ''National Geographic News'', August 15, 2003. Accessed online October 15, 2007.</ref> Ịkpa ehi nwere ọganihu na Spanish Florida n'oge narị afọ nke iri na asaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Arnade|first=Charles W.|date=1961|title=Cattle Raising in Spanish Florida, 1513-1763|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3740622|journal=Agricultural History|volume=35|issue=3|pages=116–124|issn=0002-1482}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Rancho_Jalisco.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Ebe a na-azụ anụ na Jalisco]] Okwu "Rancho" na Mexico mepụtara nkọwa dị iche iche na ihe ọ pụtara na mbụ na Spain. N'akwụkwọ "Descripción de la Diócesis de Guadalajara de Indias" (1770), Mateo José de Arteaga kọwara "Ranchos" dị ka "mgbatị nke ala ebe mmadụ ole na ole na-ebi na obere ihe onwunwe na ndo n'ime ụlọ."[5] Na 1778, José Alejandro Patiño, n'edemede ya bụ "Topografía del Curato de Tlaxomulco," kọwara Ranchos dị ka "ụfọdụ ụlọ obodo na-enwechaghị ọmarịcha na uru, ebe ndị ogbenye na ndị nọ n'etiti ụmụ nwoke bi, na-akọpụta obere ala ha nwere ma ọ bụ mgbazinye ebe ha ga-akụ na ya. dịka oke nke ọ bụla nwere ike ha si dị na ịzụ anụ ụlọ ha dịka ike ha siri dị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Serrera Contreras|first=Ramon María|title=Guadalajara ganadera estudio regional novohispano, 1760-1805|date=1977|publisher=Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos|location=Sevilla, Spain|isbn=9788400036959|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRTLanaWVvcC&dq=ranchos+viven+pocas+gentes+con+pocos+bienes+y+albergados&pg=PA33|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Gomez Serrano|first=Jesús|title=Haciendas y ranchos de Aguascalientes estudio regional sobre la tenencia de la tierra y el desarrollo agrícola en el siglo XIX|date=2000|publisher=Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes|location=Mexico|isbn=9789685073059|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ioe3_sZLDvwC&dq=ranchos+son+en+estos+reinos+unas+casas+campestres&pg=PP65|accessdate=23 February 2022|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Serrera Contreras|first=Ramon María|title=Guadalajara ganadera estudio regional novohispano, 1760-1805|date=1977|publisher=Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos|location=Sevilla, Spain|isbn=9788400036959|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRTLanaWVvcC&dq=ranchos+viven+pocas+gentes+con+pocos+bienes+y+albergados&pg=PA33|language=es}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ejikọtawo okwu Rancho na Estancia dị ka e si jiri ya mee ihe na Mexico iji kọwaa otu ala nke mebere Hacienda ma ọ bụ ime obodo ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ime obodo n'ozuzu ya. Domingo Revilla na 1844, n'edemede ya "Los Rancheros", kọwara Rancho ma ọ bụ Estancia dị ka "otu nke ala nke mejupụtara Hacienda, ebe a na-azụ ehi na ịnyịnya, na nke na-elekọta Caporal bụ onye isi ụgbọ mmiri. ndị ọzọ na-agba ehi."[8] Niceto de Zamacois, n'akwụkwọ ya "Historia de Méjico" (1879), kọwara okwu dị ka ndị a: "...ndị ikom ime obodo ndị na-arụ ọrụ ha n'ịnyịnya ka a na-enye aha. "Rancheros," nke sitere na okwu Rancho nke a na-etinye na obere hacienda, ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu nke kewara na racherias ma ọ bụ ranchos, a na-enye ndị na-arụ otu ọrụ ahụ na haciedas nke Veracruz "Jarochos.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Revilla|first=Domingo|title=El museo mexicano o miscelánea de amenidades curiosas e instructivas Volume 3|date=1844|publisher=Ignacio Cumplido|location=Mexico City|edition=Volume 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7vX10wQ9A8C&q=(17)%20una%20parte%20está%20dividida%20una%20hacienda|accessdate=23 February 2022}}</ref> "<ref>{{Cite book|author=de Zamacois|first=Niceto|title=Historia de Méjico desde sus tiempos mas remotos hasta nuestros dias Volume 10|date=1879|publisher=J.F. Párres y compañia|location=Barcelona and Mexico|edition=Volume 10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tF1KAAAAYAAJ&q=derivado%20de%20la%20voz%20rancho|accessdate=23 February 2022}}</ref> Ya mere, okwu Rancho n'asụsụ Spanish nke Mexico ghọrọ otu ala nke mebere hacienda ebe a na-azụ ehi na ebe ndị mmadụ bi n'ụlọ ọrụ ugbo. Ndị bi na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na Ranchos na-ahụ maka ehi na ịnyịnya ka a na-akpọ Rancheros.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Domínguez|first=Ramon Joaquin|title=Diccionario nacional ó gran diccionario clásico de la lengua Española|date=1856|publisher=Mellado|location=Madrid, Paris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BstKAAAAcAAJ&q=Rancho%20Méjico%20cortijo%20|accessdate=23 February 2022}}</ref> === United States === [[Usòrò:RanchOklahoma.ws.jpg|center|thumb|700x700px|101 Ranch nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Oklahoma na-egosi ụlọ anụ ụlọ, ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ndị ọzọ]] Ka ndị bi na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ha wetara ụdị ehi mepụtara n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ na [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] tinyere ha, ma mee ka njikwa ha kwekọọ n'ala ndị kpọrọ nkụ nke ọdịda anyanwụ site n'ịgbaziri ihe ndị dị mkpa nke omenala vaquero nke Spain. [[Usòrò:Colorado._Round_up_on_the_Cimarron.jpg|thumb|250x250px|fotochrom nke 1898 nke a gbara gburugburu n'ime ma ọ bụ nso n'obodo Cimarron, Colorado]] Otú ọ dị, e nwere ehi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oké osimiri. Deep Hollow Ranch, 110 miles (180 km) n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke New York City na Montauk, New York, na-azọrọ na ọ bụ ranch mbụ na United States, ebe ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 1658. Ranch ahụ na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe a na-arụrịta ụka na ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ehi kachasị ochie n'ihe bụ United States taa, ọ bụ ezie na a na-azụ ehi n'ógbè ahụ kemgbe ndị bi na Europe zụrụ ala n'aka Ndị India nọ n'ọ́ ahụ na 1643.<ref name="Newsday">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-hs328a,0,6827509.story |title=Ochs, Ridgeley. "Ride 'em, Island Cowboy," ''Newsday,''. Accessed May 5, 2008 |access-date=August 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120014130/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-hs328a,0,6827509.story |archive-date=November 20, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ehi na Long Island, yana mkpa ọ dị ịkpalite ha na ala ịta ahịhịa nkịtị n'oge ụfọdụ, ndị na-elekọta ehi bi n'ezie n'ụlọ ndị e wuru n'ebe ịta ahụhịa, a na-emekwa ehi maka njirimara, kama ịbụ ndị a na-akpọ.<ref name="Newsday" /> Nanị "ụgbọ ehi" nke e mere na Long Island bụ otu ụgbọ na 1776, mgbe a kwagara ehi nke agwaetiti ahụ na mgbalị na-agaghị aga nke ọma iji gbochie ha ijide ha n'oge Agha Mgbanwe, na atọ ma ọ bụ anọ ụgbọ na ngwụcha afọ 1930, mgbe a kpọkọtara ehi n'ebe Montauk Highway gaa n'ebe ịta nri dị nso na Deep Hollow Ranch.<ref name="Newsday" /> === Ebe a na-emeghe === [[Usòrò:2013-06-28_15_48_26_Cattle_along_Deeth-Charleston_Road_(Elko_County_Route_747)_at_the_Bruneau_River,_about_38.6_miles_north_of_Deeth_in_Elko_County,_Nevada.jpg|thumb|Ehi dị nso na Osimiri Bruneau na Elko County, Nevada]] Ala ahịhịa na ọzara nke ihe taa bụ Mexico na ọdịda anyanwụ United States dabara nke ọma maka ịta nri “oghere mepere emepe”. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, bison America abụrụla isi ihe na-eri nri maka ụmụ amaala America nọ na Great Plains ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. N'otu aka ahụ, a na-atụgharị ehi na anụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi mgbe a mụsịrị ụmụ ha wee hapụ ha ka ha na-agagharị na obere nlekọta na enweghị ogige, wee chịkọta ha n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-achụpụ anụmanụ ndị tozuru okè n'ahịa ma na-azụ anụ na-abịaru nso. isi ụlọ ọrụ anụ ụlọ maka nchebe ka ukwuu n'oge oyi. Iji akara akara anụ ụlọ mere ka a mata ma hazie ehi ndị dị iche iche nwere. Malite na mmezi nke Texas na 1840s, na mgbasawanye ma ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ site n'oge ahụ, site na Agha Obodo na n'ime 1880s, ịzụ ahịa na-achịkwa ọrụ akụ na ụba ọdịda anyanwụ. Tinyere ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ bịara mkpa maka ihe ọkụkụ iji nye ụmụ mmadụ na anụ ụlọ nri, ya mere ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo bịakwara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ tinyere ndị na-elekọta anụ ụlọ. Ọtụtụ ọrụ "dị iche iche", na ọrụ anụ ụlọ na ọrụ ugbo na-ewere ọnọdụ. Site na Homestead Act nke 1862, ndị ọzọ bịara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ iji guzobe ugbo. Nke a kpatara esemokwu ụfọdụ, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị ọrụ ugbo chọrọ iji gbochie ubi iji gbochie ehi na atụrụ iri ihe ọkụkụ ha. waya nwere ogwu, nke e mepụtara na 1874, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ banye n'ime ogige nke ala ndị nwe onwe ha, ọkachasị maka ụlọ. E nwere mbelata nke ala na Great Plains meghere maka ịta nri. === Ọgwụgwụ nke oghere === [[Usòrò:Chinook2.gif|thumb|200x200px|Oge oyi siri ike nke 1886-87 wetara njedebe nke oghere. ''Na-echere Chinook'', nke C.M. Russell.]] Ọgwụgwụ nke oghere ahụ emeghị site na mbelata ala n'ihi [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]], kama site na ịtabiga nri ókè. Ehi ndị a na-azụ n'ebe a na-emeghe mepụtara ọdachi nke ndị mmadụ niile ka onye ọ bụla na-azụ anụ na-achọ uru akụ na ụba site n'ịzụ ọtụtụ anụmanụ n'ala ọha na eze nke "ọ dịghị onye" nwere. Otú ọ dị, n'ịbụ ụdị na-abụghị nke ala, usoro ịta ahịhịa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ehi na-arịwanye elu jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ belata ogo nke ala ịta ahịrị, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ogbugbu nke anụ ọhịa bea America mere n'otu oge. oge oyi nke 1886-87 bụ otu n'ime oge kachasị njọ e dekọrọ, na anụ ụlọ ndị a na-echegbu onwe ha maka mbelata ịta nri nwụrụ site na ọtụtụ puku. Ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ ehi dara ogbenye, ndị ọzọ nwetakwara nnukwu ego. Ya mere, mgbe oge a gasịrị, ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ malitekwara ịgbachi ala ha ma soro gọọmentị America kwurịta maka ịgbazite anụ ụlọ ka ha wee nwee ike ịchịkwa ala ịta ahịhịa nke ụmụ anụmanụ ha nwere. === Ịkpa anụ na Hawaii === Ịkpa anụ na [[Hawaii]] mepụtara n'onwe ya na kọntinent United States. N'oge ọchịchị ndị eze, Capt. George Vancouver nyere ọtụtụ isi ehi nye eze Hawaiian, Pai Chania Kamehameha, eze nke alaeze Hawaiian, na site na mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ha amụbaala nke ukwuu, ruo n'ókè nke na ha na-emebi obodo niile. N'ihe dị ka 1812, John Parker, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri nke wụliri ụgbọ mmiri wee biri n'àgwàetiti ahụ, natara ikike n'aka Kamehameha ijide ehi ọhịa ma mepụta ụlọ ọrụ anụ. Ụdị ịzụ anụ nke Hawaii na mbụ gụnyere ijide ehi ọhịa site na ịkwaga ha n'ime olulu e gwuru n'ala ọhịa. Ozugbo agụụ na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na-achịkwa ha, a na-adọkpụ ha n'elu ebe dị elu, ma jiri mpi ha kee ha na mpi nke ehi (ma ọ bụ ehi) ma kpọga ha n'ebe ndị e wusiri ike. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ too n'okpuru ọchịchị nwa Kamehameha Liholiho (Kamehameha nke Abụọ). Mgbe nwanne Liholiho, Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III), gara [[California]], mgbe ahụ ka bụ akụkụ nke [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], ọ masịrị ya na nkà nke ndị na-agba ọsọ na Mexico. N'afọ 1832, ọ kpọrọ ọtụtụ ndị ka ha bịa Hawaii iji kụziere ndị Hawaii otu esi arụ ọrụ ehi. A bịara na-akpọ onye na-agba ịnyịnya nke Hawaii ''paniolo'', nke a na-akpọpụta asụsụ ''Spanish.'' Ọbụna taa, ịnyịnya ọdịnala Hawaiian na ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke azụmaahịa anụ nwere ọdịdị Mexico doro anya, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ Hawaiian ka na-ebu aha nna nke vaqueros mere Hawaii ụlọ ha. == Ịkpa anụ na South America == Na [[Argentina]] na [[Uruguay]], a maara ranches dị ka estancias na [[Brazil]], a na-akpọ ha fazendas. N'ọtụtụ ebe na [[South Amerika|South America]], gụnyere [[Ecuador]] na [[Colombia]], enwere ike iji okwu ''hacienda'' ma ọ bụ ''finca'' mee ihe. Ranchero ma ọ bụ ''Rancho'' bụkwa okwu ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na Latin America. N'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, site na mpaghara pampas nke [[South Amerika|South America]] ruo na steeti Minas Gerais na Brazil, gụnyere pampas semi-arid nke [[Argentina]] na ndịda Brazil, na-adịkarị mma maka ịkpa anụ, na omenala mepụtara nke yiri nke Mexico na United States. Omenala gaucho nke [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]] na [[Uruguay]] so n'omenala ịzụ ehi a mụrụ n'oge ahụ. Otú ọ dị, na narị afọ nke 20, ịzụ ehi gbasaa n'ebe ndị na-adịghị mma nke Pantanal. Karịsịa na [[Brazil]], narị afọ nke 20 gosipụtara uto ngwa ngwa nke mgbukpọ ọhịa, ka a na-egbutu ala Oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo site na ịkpụcha na ịgba ọkụ nke mere ka ahịhịa too maka anụ ụlọ, mana ọ mekwara ka ala ahụ daa n'ime naanị afọ ole na ole. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ amaala nke oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo megidere ụdị anụ ụlọ a ma mee mkpesa megide ọkụ a gbara oké ọhịa iji guzobe ọrụ ịta nri na ugbo. Esemokwu a ka bụ nchegbu na mpaghara ahụ taa. == Ebe a na-azụ anụmanụ n'èzí Amerịka == [[Usòrò:Dehesa_Boyal._Bollullos_Par_del_Condado_(Huelva).jpg|thumb|200x200px|Ehi n'ọzara na Bollullos Par del Condado, Spain]] Na Spain, ebe enwere ike ịchọta mmalite nke '''''Ịkpa anụ''''', enwere ganaderías na-arụ ọrụ na ala ''dehesa'', ebe a na-azụ ehi na-alụ ọgụ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị ahụ ụdị anụ ụlọ n'ụzọ ọ bụla n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] ndị ọzọ, ebe e nwere obere ala na mmiri ozuzo zuru ezu na-enye ohere ịzụ ehi na obere ugbo. N'[[Ostraliya|Australia]], ala ahịhịa bụ '''ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè''' (na mbụ n'echiche nke ebe a na-etinye ngwaahịa nwa oge). N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ọnọdụ niile, ndị a bụ ma ọ bụ ọdụ ehi ma ọ bụ ụlọ atụrụ. Ogige ehi kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa dị n'ebe ndị kpọrọ nkụ dị n'Australia. A na-akpọkarị ndị nwe ọdụ ndị a [[wiktionary:grazier|ndị na-azụ anụ]] ma ọ bụ ndị na-akpa anụ, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ha bi na ala ahụ. A na-akpọkarị ndị ọrụ ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ / ụmụ nwanyị, jackaroos /jillaroos na / ma ọ bụ ndị na-agba mgba (karịa ndị na-ere anụ). Ọtụtụ ọdụ ehi Australia buru ibu karịa 10,000 km², nke kachasị ukwuu bụ Anna Creek Station nke na-atụle ²,677 km2 na mpaghara (ihe dịka okpukpu asatọ nke US Ranch kachasị ukwuu). &nbsp;&nbsp;Anna Creek bụ nke S Kidman &amp;amp; Co. Okwu ndị yiri ya na [[New Zealand]] bụ '''ịgba ọsọ''' na ọdụ. Na South Africa, a na-akpọkarị nnukwu ala ndị yiri ya ugbo (mgbe ụfọdụ kwa ranch) na South African English na 210 na Afrikaans. == Hụkwa == * [[Ikpa anumanu|Ịkpa anụmanụ]] * Ebe a na-azụ ehi * Ngwá ọrụ ubi * Ebe obibi * Nchịkwa zuru oke * Homestead (ụlọ) * Intensive animal farming § Cattle * Ndepụta nke Ranches na Stations * Ebe a na-azụ ihe nkiri * [[Ịzụ atụrụ]] * Ụlọ akwụkwọ Ranch * Ụlọ a na-akpọ Ranch * Ebe a na-azụ atụrụ == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dzqhcpz5cfabgsj6gy1jbndo7pk8xyv 0 30097 728243 706661 2026-09-26T15:43:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Company-Shocked-Gillray.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|350x350px| Na ''ụlọ ọrụ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nwanyị na-agbago na mgbanaka mgbịrịgba'' (1805)James Gilray caricatured "Otu nwanyị di ya nwụrụ na ndị na-achọ ya, bụ ndị yiri ka ha chefuru omume ha na oke mmasị ha." <ref>{{Cite book|author=Wright|title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldescri00wrig|year=1851|oclc=59510372}}</ref>]] <ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Etiquette|title=The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary|year=1993|editor=Brown}}</ref>Etiquette / / ˈɛt i kɛt , _ - k ɪ t / ) bụ usoro omume onwe onye n'ime ọha mmadụ nke ọma, na-emekarị n'ụdị omume nke omume ọha mmadụ na-atụ anya na nabatara nke ahụ na  akụkụ na echiche nke mmadụ na-ahụ ma na-eme ya, nsogbu mmadụ.  klaasị, ma ọ bụ otu onye mmadụ.  N'asụsụ Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ, okwu French bụ étiquette (label na mkpado) nke n'afọ 1750. [1] [[Usòrò:Zuidgevel_Corps_de_logis_rond_1675_Anonieme_schilder.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| N'obí nke Versailles, Eze Louis XIV ji étiquette mgbagwoju anya mee ihe</link> ijikwa ma chịkwaa ndị obí ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha.]] Na the third millennium BC, onye ochie vizier Ptahhotep dere The Maxims nke Ptahhotep ( 2375–2350 . ), akwụkwọ iwu didactic nke na-ebuli ezi omume obodo, dị ka eziokwu, njide onwe onye, ​​na imere ndị ọzọ ebere.  isi isiokwu ndị na-emekarị na njedebe na-agụnye saịtị n'ige ndị ọzọ ntt, na-eche echiche na-ezighị nke ihe ndị mmadụ, na-egosi na-eche mgbe ọ alara o kwere omume iwere ike, na-egosi na-eche echiche nke ọma.  ikpe ziri ezi ịbụ ihe mbụ, ma, n'ihe gbasara mmadụ.  iwu nke chi na-emecha n'ihe niile.  Ụfọdụ n’ime nkwubi okwu Ptahhotep na-egosi ezi omume mmadụ n’ihu ndị nnukwu mmadụ (ndọrọ nhọrọ, ndị agha, ndịrechi), na edi maka otu ga-esi họrọ ezigbo nna ukwu na otu esi ejere ya ozi.  Isi okwu ndị ọzọ na ụzọ ziri ezi ịbụ onye ndu site na nkwuwa okwu na ikike mma, na anyaukwu bụ ntọala nke ihe ihe niile na e ndị ichebe ya, na mmesapụ aka n'ebe ezi na ụlọ na ndị enyi dị mma. Baldassare Castiglione ( 1478–1529 OA), ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Casatico, bụ onye omebe iwu Italy na onye onye anya onye agha, onye agha, na onye edemede nke Akwụkwọ nke Courtier (1528), akwụkwọ ugwu mara atụ nke na-ekwu njikọ  ikike nke omume omume nke onye obí eze n'oge Renaissance Ịtali <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/louis-xiv|title=Louis XIV|date=2 December 2009|publisher=History.com|accessdate=13 December 2012}}</ref>Louis XIV (1638–1715), Eze nke France, jiri omume hazisoo wee zọọ ndị ama ama France wee kwupụta hel elu ya dị ka eze zuru oke nke France.  N'ihi ya, ụlọ ikpe eze ahụ na-eme emee masịrị ndị ọbịa si mba ọzọ nke eze nata n'oche France, Obí Versailles, nke dị na ndị na-eme egwuregwu nke Paris. [[Usòrò:Philip_Dormer_Stanhope,_4th_Earl_of_Chesterfield_by_William_Hoare.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|411x411px| Na narị afọ nke 18, Philip Stanhope, bụ 4th Earl nke Chesterfield, ji okwu ''ọma'' mee ihe nke mbụ pụtara "iwu ndị na-emekarị nke omume onwe onye na ọha mmadụ." (William Hoare]] . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6u6QyCKE5YC|title=Shaftesbury and the Culture of Politeness: Moral Discourse and Cultural Politics in Early Eighteenth-Century England|first=Lawrence E.|author=Klein|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521418065}}</ref>Na apụ afọ nke 18, n'oge Age of Enlightenment, nkuchi nke usoro nke onwe ya maka mmetụta nke mmetụta na omume omume (mma, mgbe, mmalite) nke na-egosi na onye ahụ bụ onye na-achọ nke elu elu  .  klas .  Iji mata na onye na-elekọta mmadụ, ndị otu nọ n'etiti ndị na-agagharị agagharị na ndị bourgeoisie nakweere omume na ngwaọrụ nke klaas elu.  Iji Tamil nke ahụ, ndị mmadụ nwere oke mkpa nke etiti etiti na-etinye onwe ha n'ịmụ ihe, ihe, na ime iwu nke omume omume, dị ka nka nke uwe mara mma na ofufe ụka amara, mgbe ha ga-egosi.  ọzụzụ, na mgbaàmà na anụmanụ. Na-akpa afụ nke 18, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl nke Shaftesbury, dere edemede ndị na-apịtị nke ngwaọrụ mma dị ka nkà nke ime ihe na-atọ ụtọ na ụlọ ọrụ;  wee kunna na ndị nna mma n'okwu ọha mmadụ nke azụmahịa: . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.information-britain.co.uk/famdates.php?id=888|title=First Edition of The Spectator|work=Information Britain|accessdate=13 September 2014}}</ref>Oge oge, dị ka The Spectator, akwụkwọ a na-akpa kwa ụbọchị na 1711 site n'aka Joseph Addison na Richard Steele, na-adụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ha, mgbe nile, omume a na-amụ aka nwa amadị,  nwoke ezi omume na omume ọma;  Ebumnobi ha kwuru n'asụsụ bụ "iji akọ mee ka omume dị, na iji omume na-ewe iwe… iwepụta nkà ihe n'ime ụlọ nchekwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ, ibi na-ebu na ebu, na  ahia tii na ụlọ";  n'ikpeazụ, ndị editọ edi ndị ndu odee akwụkwọ dere, bụ ndị nyere isiokwu maka ụka obodo, na mkpa omume dị mkpa maka ịme ụka dị mma, na maka ijikwa usoro na eze na eze. Ihe Ụmụ ya na omume bụ echiche nke ike anya (mme ndị na-egosi ọha na eze mara nke ọma na isi uche) nke maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke nwere oke ike ghọkwara dị mkpa iji iji maka mgbaama mmadụ.  [1] Na mmemme ahụ, isi ndị ama ama, dị ka Harrington's Rota Club, na-abụ omume n'ime ụlọ nke na-hazi nwaanya a-anya anya n'aka ndị otu.  E wezụga The Spectator, ndị ọzọ periodicals ndị inye-direct n'ime English coffeehouse ụka, ndị editọ nke Tatler doro anya na nzube ha bụ ike nke English ụkpụrụ na omume;  ruo na njedebe ndị ahụ, e ịrụ ọrụ dịka omume omume ọma na ihe omume N'etiti narị afọ nke 18, nke mbụ, ojiji Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ''ụkpụrụ omume'' (iwu ọdịnala nke omume onwe onye na ọha mmadụ) bụ Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl nke Chesterfield, n'akwụkwọ ''bụ Letters to His Son on the Art of Becoming a Man. of the World and a Gentleman'' (1774), <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=de&tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=isbn:1848546661|title=Sorry! The English and Their Manners|author=Henry Hitchings|year=2013|publisher=Hachette UK|accessdate=2013-02-07}}</ref> akwụkwọ ozi karịrị narị anọ e dere site na 1737 ruo mgbe nwa ya nwoke nwụrụ, na 1768; Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ bụụrụ nkuzi, gbasara isiokwu dị iche iche nke nwa amadi ụwa kwesịrị ịma. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Mayo|first=Christopher|chapter=Letters to His Son|title=The Literary Encyclopedia|date=25 February 2007|url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=21002|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ na 1774, site n'aka Eugenia Stanhope, nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke diplomat Philip Stanhope, nwa bastard Chesterfield. N'ime akwụkwọ ozi ahụ dum, Chesterfield gbalịsiri ike iwepụ okwu gbasara omume ọha na eze site na omume ọdịnala, na nleba anya nke na-arụrịta ụka na Philip n'ụzọ doro anya na ikike nke ụkpụrụ bụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ọganihu ọha mmadụ, maka nwoke dị ka ya. Ụdị ederede mara mma nke Chesterfield gosipụtara njide mmetụta mmetụta nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze na narị afọ nke 18: Na narị afọ nke 19, oge Victorian (1837-1901) ụkpụrụ omume malitere ghọọ usoro mgbagwoju anya nke ụkpụrụ omume, nke na-achịkwa ụdị omume dị iche iche na ọha mmadụ-site na asụsụ, ụdị, na usoro maka ide akwụkwọ ozi, iji mee ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi na tebụl ., na ruo nkeji oge nhazi mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mmekọrịta onwe onye n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị na n'etiti klaasị mmekọrịta. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Tudor|author=Rose|title=Victorian Society|publisher=AboutBritain.com|date=1999–2010|url=https://www.aboutbritain.com/articles/victorian-society.asp|accessdate=9 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610210434/http://www.aboutbritain.com/articles/victorian-society.asp|archive-date=10 June 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:High-Change-in-Bond-Street-Gillray.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| Na ''High-Change na Bond Street, - ou - la Politesse du Grande Monde'' (1796), James Gillray gosipụtara enweghị ụkpụrụ omume n'ime otu ìgwè ndị ikom a na-egosi na ha na-ele ụmụ nwanyị anya ma na-akwapụ ha n'okporo ụzọ.]] N'obodo, a na-akọwa omume dị ka àgwà ọma ma ọ bụ àgwà ọjọọ iji gosi ma àgwà mmadụ ọ̀ dị mma n'ebe ndị omenala nọ. Dị ka ndị dị otú a, omume na-eme ka ''ultrasociality'' na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ nke ụkpụrụ ọha na eze na mgbakọ ndị a na-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya site na nhazi onwe onye. Echiche nke sociology na-egosi na omume bụ ụzọ ndị mmadụ na-esi egosipụta ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ha, na ụzọ isi akọwapụta, ileba anya, na idobe ókèala nke njirimara ọha mmadụ na nke ọha mmadụ . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Richerson|chapterurl=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/boyd/ultra.pdf|chapter=The Evolution of Human Ultra Sociality|title=Ideology, Warfare, and Indoctrinability|year=1997|editor=Eibl-Eibisfeldt}}</ref> N'ime ''usoro mmepe obodo'' (1939), ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze Norbert Elias kwuru na omume na-ebilite dị ka ngwaahịa nke otu ndụ, na-anọgidekwa dị ka ụzọ isi nọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze. Omume mụbara n'oge Renaissance na nzaghachi maka mmepe nke 'steeti zuru oke' - ọganihu site na obere ìgwè ibi ndụ ruo n'ìgwè dị iche iche nke a na-eji ike nke steeti mara. Omenala na omume ndị e jikọtara ha na ụlọikpe eze nke England n'oge ahụ nwere njikọ chiri anya n'ọnọdụ mmadụ . Omume na-egosi ọnọdụ mmadụ n'ime netwọk mmekọrịta, na omume mmadụ bụ ụzọ e si ekwurịta okwu site na ọnọdụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite book|first=Norbert|author=Elias|title=The Civilizing Process|publisher=Oxford Blackwell Publishers|year=1994}}</ref> Site n'echiche nke ahụike ọha na eze, na ''The Healthy Citizen'' (1996), Alana R. Petersen na Deborah Lupton kwuru na omume nyere aka mbelata nke ókèala ọha mmadụ nke dị n'etiti ọha na eze na nzuzo nke ndụ mmadụ, wee nye ya. bilie na "onye na-egosipụta onwe ya nke ukwuu, onye na-enyocha àgwà ya na nkwanye ùgwù kwesịrị ekwesị maka ndị ọzọ ya na ha na-emekọrịta ihe, na-elekọta mmadụ"; nakwa na "omume ọha na eze nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu bịara gosi ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ha; ụzọ isi gosipụta onwe onye na iji nyocha ndị ọzọ, yabụ njikwa nke elu ahụ dị mkpa.” Na ''ịdị ọcha na ihe ize ndụ: Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo'' (2003) ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ bụ Mary Douglas kwuru na omume, omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na mmemme otu na-enyere ndị na-ahụ maka mbara igwe aka ịnọgide na-enye iwu na nnwere onwe pụọ na ihe ndị ahụ nwere ike imerụ ma ọ bụ mebie iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke omenala. A na-ejikọta echiche nke mmetọ, mmetọ, na ịkpọasị na njedebe nke omume ọha mmadụ na-anakwere iji belata omume na-adịghị anabata, ya mere na-echekwa "echiche ndị a na-achịkwa ahụmahụ" n'ime omenala. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Douglas|first=M.|url=http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/schloesser/HS041-042/fall/w04/resources/DOUGLAS_Purity-Danger.pdf|title=Purity and Danger – An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo|location=London|publisher=Routledge|year=2003}}</ref> N'ịmụ okwu nke mmetụta mmadụ na anụmanụ, ọkà mmụta ihe okike bụ Charles Darwin kwuru na mbara ụwa nke ọdịdị ihu nke ịkpọasị na ihere n'etiti ụmụ ọhụrụ na ndị ìsì, ma kwubie na mmeghachi omume mmetụta uche nke ihere na ịkpọasị bụ àgwà ebumpụta ụwa. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Darwin|first=C.|url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&itemID=F1142&viewtype=text|title=The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals|location=London|publisher=John Murray|year=1872}}</ref> Site na nyocha nke ntọala evolushọn nke ajọ mbunobi, ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ Catherine Cottrell na Steven Neuberg kwuru na mmeghachi omume omume mmadụ na ' iche ' nwere ike ime ka ichekwa àgwà na ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ . <ref name="Evolutionary Bases of Prejudices">{{Cite book|author=Neuberg|first=S.L.|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJe9fLi8pW0C&dq=%28Cottrell+%26+Neuberg+2005%29.+evolutionary+bases+of+prejudice&pg=PA163|chapter=Evolutionary Bases of Prejudices|title=Evolution and Social Psychology|editor=Schaller|series=etal|location=New York|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2006|isbn=1134952422}}</ref> Mmetụta nke "onye mba ọzọ" - nke ndị mmadụ na-enweta na mmekọrịta mbụ ha na onye sitere n'ọdịbendị ọzọ - nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke evolushọn : 'Otu ibi ndụ gbara otu onye na ndị mmadụ nwere ike imerụ ndị otu ibe ha ahụ, gbasaa na-efe efe. ọrịa, ma ọ bụ "ịnya ụgbọ ala n'efu" na mbọ ha'; ya mere, ntinye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ ihe ize ndụ: 'Ọ bụrụ na egwu egwu, dị ka ndị a, na-ahapụghị, ọnụ ahịa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ga-adị ngwa ngwa karịa uru ya. Ya mere, iji bulie nloghachi na otu "ibi ndụ", ndị otu n'otu n'otu kwesịrị ikwekọ na njirimara ma ọ bụ omume ndị ọzọ.' <ref name="Evolutionary Bases of Prejudices" /> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mhs6ogef2pe1s4on2hlr76xybsxg4am 0 30269 728323 433275 2026-09-26T21:49:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728323 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Riccardo Giacconi</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:RiccardoGiacconi.jpg|225x225px]]<div class="infobox-caption">National Medal of Science award ceremony, 2003</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1931-10-06</span>)</span>6 October 1931<br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Genoa]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Died | class="infobox-data" |9 December 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-12-09)</span> (aged&nbsp;87)<br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[San Diego]], [[California]], U.S.</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality | class="infobox-data category" |[[Italy|Italian]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[United States|American]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma&nbsp;mater | class="infobox-data" |[[University of Milan]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Known&nbsp;for | class="infobox-data" |[[Astrophysics]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Awards | class="infobox-data" |[[Elliott Cresson Medal]] (1980)<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics]] (1981)<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (2002) |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |'''Ọrụ sayensị''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ubi | class="infobox-data category" |[[Physics]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụlọ ọrụ | class="infobox-data" |[[Johns Hopkins University|Mahadum Johns Hopkins]]<br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]] |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Riccardo Giacconi (/dʒəˈkoʊni/ jə-KOH-nee,    ; a mụrụ ya ụbọchị isii nke ọnwa October, n' afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri ato na otu – ya anwụọ n' ụbọchị itoolu nke ọnwa Disemba, n' afọ puku abụọ na iri na asatọ ) bụ onye Italian-Amerikan Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist onye tọrọ ntọala nke X-ray astronomy. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Johns Hopkins . == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ ya na Genoa, Ịtali, Giacconi natara Laurea ya na Ngalaba Physics nke Mahadum Milan tupu ọ kwaga US iji chụsoo ọrụ na nyocha nke astrophysics. N'afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri ise na isii, Fulbright Fellowship ya mere ka ọ gaa United States iji soro prọfesọ physics R. W. Thompson rụkọọ ọrụ na Mahadum Indiana. Ebe ọ bụ na ikuku nke ụwa na-amịkọrọ radiation X-ray cosmic, a chọrọ telivishọn sitere na mbara igwe maka X-ray astronomy. N'itinye onwe ya na nsogbu a, Giacconi rụrụ ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ maka X-ray astronomy; site na ndị nchọpụta ụgbọ elu na ngwụcha afọ 1950 na mmalite afọ 1960, ruo Uhuru, Satellite X-ray mbụ na-agba gburugburu, na afọ 1970. Nnyocha mbụ Giacconi gara n'ihu na 1978 na Einstein Observatory, onyokomita X-ray mbụ zuru oke nke etinye na mbara igwe, ma mesịa na Chandra X-ray Observatory, nke a malitere na 1999 ma ka na-arụ ọrụ. Giacconi jikwa nka ya mee ihe na ngalaba ndị ọzọ nke nkà mmụta mbara igwe, na-aghọ onye nduzi mbụ na-adịgide adịgide (1981-1993) nke Space Telescope Science Institute (ụlọ ọrụ sayensị maka Hubble Space Telescopy), onye nduzi ukwu nke European Southern Observatory (ESO) sochiri site na 1993 ruo 1999, na-elekọta owuwu nke Very Large Telescope, mgbe ahụ Onye isi oche nke Associated Universities, Inc. (1999-2004) na-elekọta afọ ndị mbụ nke usoro ALMA. E nyere Giacconi òkè nke Nobel Prize na Physics na 2002 "maka onyinye ọsụ ụzọ na astrophysics, nke dugara na nchọpụta nke isi mmalite X-ray cosmic".<ref name="NobelCitation">[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2002/ Nobel prize citation]</ref> E nyere Masatoshi Koshiba na Raymond Davis, Jr. òkè ndị ọzọ nke onyinye ahụ n'afọ ahụ maka nkà mmụta mbara igwe nke neutrino. Giacconi nwere ọkwa prọfesọ nke physics na astronomy (1982-1997) na prọfesor nyocha (site na 1998 ruo ọnwụ ya na 2018) na Mahadum Johns Hopkins, ọ bụkwa prọfesụ mahadum. N'ime afọ 2000 ọ bụ onye isi nchọpụta maka nnukwu ọrụ Chandra Deep Field-South na Chandra X-ray Observatory nke NASA. Giacconi nwụrụ na Disemba 9, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/13/science/riccardo-giacconi-dead.html|title=Riccardo Giacconi, 87, Explorer of the Universe Through X-Rays, Dies|work=The New York Times|date=2018-12-13|author=Overbye|first=Dennis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2018/12/12/riccardo-giacconi-obituary/|title=Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist Riccardo Giacconi dies at 87|date=2018-12-12}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ na onyinye == * Ihe nrite Helen B. Warner maka Astronomy (1966) * Onye otu National Academy of Sciences (1971)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Riccardo Giacconi|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/55383.html|accessdate=2021-10-15|work=www.nasonline.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023194304/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/55383.html|archive-date=2021-10-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Onye otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1971)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Riccardo Giacconi|url=https://www.amacad.org/person/riccardo-giacconi|accessdate=2021-10-15|work=American Academy of Arts & Sciences|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Bruce (1981)<ref name="Bruce">{{Cite web |url=http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/Giacconi/index.html |title=Bruce Medal page |accessdate=2023-09-21 |archivedate=2007-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711154955/http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Giacconi/index.html }}</ref> * Henry Norris Russell Ọkụziri (1981) * Ihe nrite Heineman (1981) * Ihe nrite ọla edo nke Royal Astronomical Society (1982) * Ihe nrite Wolf na Physics (1987) * Onye otu American Philosophical Society (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Riccardo+Giacconi&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|accessdate=2021-10-15|work=search.amphilsoc.org|archivedate=2021-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016153139/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Riccardo+Giacconi&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Nobel na Physics (2002) * Ihe nrite sayensị nke mba (2003) * Asteroid 3371 Giacconi == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite journal|author=Rosati|first=Piero|title=Retrospective: Riccardo Giacconi (1931-2018)|journal=Science|date=25 January 2019|volume=363|issue=6425|doi=10.1126/science.aaw5309|pmid=30679362|language=en}} * {{Cite journal|author=Fabbiano|first=Giuseppina|title=Obituary: Riccardo Giacconi (1931-2018)|journal=Nature|date=22 January 2019|volume=565|issue=7740|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-00216-8|language=EN}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Riccardo Giacconi on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture December 8, 2002 ''The Dawn of X-Ray Astronomy'' {{Wolf Prize in Physics}}{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 2001-2025}} 5fs1mmd5c0op6c9l7k960thc3e02ezk 0 30428 728254 698742 2026-09-26T16:20:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728254 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Robust clubhook squid |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Fish4071_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg|frameless]] |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" ! colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[Conservation status]]</div> |- | colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[File:Status_iucn3.1_blank.svg|link=|alt=|frameless]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Data Deficient]] <small>&nbsp;([[IUCN Red List|IUCN 3.1]])<ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBarratt,_I.Allcock,_L.2014"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="142">Barratt, I.; Allcock, L. (2014). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="143">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/163252/990102 "''Onykia robusta''"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="144">''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2014''': e.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="146">T163252A990102. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163252A990102.en|10.2305/IUCN.]]</span></span><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163252A990102.en|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="148">UK.2014-1.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="149">RLTS.</span>]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="150"><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163252A990102.en|T163252A990102.en]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="151"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2021</span>.</span></cite></ref> Downloaded on 16 March 2018.</small></div> |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg|link=Template:Taxonomy/Onykia|15x15px|Edit this classification]]</span> |- |Domain: |[[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]] |- |Kingdom: |[[Animal|Animalia]] |- |Phylum: |[[Mollusca]] |- |Class: |[[Cephalopod|Cephalopoda]] |- |Order: |[[Oegopsida]] |- |Family: |[[Hooked squid|Onychoteuthidae]] |- |Genus: |''[[Onykia]]'' |- |Species: |<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''O.&nbsp;robusta'''''</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Onykia robusta''</span>'''<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">([[Addison Emery Verrill|Verrill]], 1876)<ref name="WoRMS"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFPhilippe_Bouchet2018">Philippe Bouchet (2018). </cite></ref></div> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | * ''Moroteuthis robustus''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>(Verrill, 1876)</small> * ''Moroteuthis robusta''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>(Verrill, 1876)</small> * ''Ommastrephes robusta''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>Verrill, 1876</small> * ''Lestoteuthis robusta''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>Verrill, 1880</small> * ''Ancistroteuthis robusta''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>Steenstrup, 1882</small> * ''Moroteuthis japonica''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>Taki, 1964</small> * ''Moroteuthis pacifica''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>Okutani, 1983</small> |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] '''''Onykia robusta''''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''clubhook squid siri ike''' ma na-ejikarị aha ochie '''''Moroteuthis robusta''''', bụ ụdị squid n'ezinụlọ Onychoteuthidae.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tsuchiya|first=K.|title=Growth Stages of ''Moroteuthis robusta'' (Verrill, 1881) with the Re-evaluation of the Genus|journal=Bulletin of Marine Science|volume=49|issue=1–2|pages=137–147|date=September 1991|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1991/00000049/F0020001/art00011|accessdate=2010-08-06}}</ref><ref name="Wakabayashi">{{Cite journal|author=Wakabayashi|first=T.|title=Molecular evidence for synonymy of the genera ''Moroteuthis'' and ''Onykia'' and identification of their paralarvae from northern Hawaiian waters|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_marine-biological-association-uk-journal_2007-08_87_4/page/959|journal=[[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]]|volume=87|issue=4|pages=959–965|year=2007|doi=10.1017/S0025315407056196}}</ref><ref>Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. </ref><ref name="Vecchione">{{Cite web|author=Vecchione|first=M., R.|title=''Onykia robusta'' (Verrill, 1876). Version 29 November 2009 (under construction)|work=[http://tolweb.org/ The Tree of Life Web Project]|date=2009-11-29|url=http://tolweb.org/Onykia_robusta/19976/2009.11.29|accessdate=2010-08-06}}</ref> N'iru ogologo mkpuchi nke 2 m (6.6 ), ọ bụ onye kachasị n'ezinụlọ ya na otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu n'ime cephalopods niile.<ref name="Norman">Norman, M.D. 2000. </ref> Ogwe aka ndị dị nro dị obere, nwere nko 15-18 nke klọb. Aka nke ụdị ahụ nwere 50-60 suckers, ma na-eto ruo 90-100% nke ogologo mantle. A na-ahụkarị ya na mpaghara ugwu ruo na Temperate Northern Pacific. == Mgbagwoju anya na ''Architeuthis'' == ''O''ge ụfọdụ tupu afọ 1993, onye Japan na-egwu mmiri bụ Kubota H. sere foto nnukwu O. ''robusta'' na mmiri na-adịghị omimi na ndịda [[Japan]].<ref name="Norman">Norman, M.D. 2000. </ref><ref name="Ellis">Ellis, R. 1998. </ref> N'ihe oyiyi a, a na-egosi anụmanụ ahụ, nke yiri ka ọ na-arịa ọrịa ma ọ bụ na-anwụ anwụ, na onye na-abanye n'ime mmiri, ọ bụ ezie na iji oghere anya dị obosara na-eme ka ogo ya dịkwuo ukwuu.<ref name="Ellis" /> Vidio nke otu squid ahụ pụtara na ihe nkiri telivishọn nke ndị Japan mere.<ref name="Ellis" /> E bipụtara onyinyo ahụ n'akwụkwọ 1993 European Seashells nke Guido T. Poppe na Goto Yoshihiro, [[Òrìmìlì Atlantic|ebe]] a matara ya dị ka ''Architeuthis dux'', nnukwu squid, ma kwuo na e weere ya na North Atlantic. Ọ bụrụ eziokwu, onyinyo a ga-anọchite anya foto mbụ a maara nke nnukwu squid dị ndụ.<ref>Poppe, G.T. & Y. Goto. 1993. </ref><ref name="Ellis" /> Na The Search for the Giant Squid (1998), Richard Ellis dere banyere foto a:<ref name="Ellis">Ellis, R. 1998. </ref><blockquote>"N'oge na-adịghị anya, echere m na ụfọdụ foto na-amaghị ama weghaara ihe oyiyi kachasị njọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. N'ụzọ dị mma maka ndị tinyere ndụ ha n'ịchọ ''Architeuthis'', nke a bụ naanị ihe na-ezighi ezi, ikpe nke njirimara na-eweghi ezi.</blockquote>Ihe karịrị afọ iri ka e mesịrị, e sere foto mbụ nke ezigbo nnukwu squid dị ndụ n'ọhịa, na Septemba 30, 2004.<ref name="first">Kubodera, T. & K. Mori. 2005. {{Cite journal|url=http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/272/1581/2583.full.pdf|title=First-ever observations of a live giant squid in the wild.|year=2005|doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3158|author=Kubodera|first=Tsunemi|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=272|issue=1581|pages=2583–2586|pmid=16321779}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ogologo nke anụ ọhịa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081212170055/http://www.theworldlink.com/articles/2008/06/03/news/doc484587f149503458453481.txt Ọ bụ anụ ọhịa mmiri! (Ụdị nke)] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Nke atọ kasị ukwuu cephalopod. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Njikọ mpụga == {{CephBase Species|306}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2934325}} 0pttrf7k8pw721khhf73xev5ujsi18y 0 30718 728433 628769 2026-09-27T08:25:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Tunji Oyelana''' {{Audio|Yo-Tunji Oyelana.ogg|audio}} Listeni (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1939) bụ onye egwu Naijiria, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na'agụ egwú, onye na -ede egwu na onye nkuzi na Mahadum Ibadan, Naijiria.<ref name="Daily Sun - 2 August 2014 - Encounters with Soyinka">{{Cite news|author=Balagun|first=Sola|date=2 August 2014|title=Encounters with Soyinka|work=[[Daily Sun]]|publisher=[[Naspers]]|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/encounters-soyinka-diary-culture-reporter/|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 October 2019|title=Buhari greets Tunji Oyelana at 80|url=https://punchng.com/buhari-greets-tunji-oyelana-at-80/|accessdate=24 September 2020|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Tunji Oyelana bụ onye agbụrụ Yoruba ma bụrụkwa nwa amaala Naijiria. Ọtụtụ n'ime abụ Tunji Oyelana dị na Yoruba. Na mbido afọ 1980, ya na onye mbụ na naanị onye mmeri nke Nobel Prize for Literature, Wole Soyinka, jikọrọ aka idekọ abọm egwu nke na-akọwa nrụrụ aka nke ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye egwu maka ihe nkiri Stéphane Breton nke afọ 1994 Un dieu au bord de la route .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2174211/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast|title=Un dieu au bord de la route (1994) - IMDb|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> A na-ekwu na Oyelana rere ọtụtụ abọm site n'aka ndị egwu High Life nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2012|title=Dusted Reviews: Tunji Oyelana - A Nigerian Retrospective 1966-79|url=http://www.dustedmagazine.com/reviews/7467|accessdate=21 March 2022|work=Dusted Magazine|archivedate=28 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128122135/http://dustedmagazine.com/reviews/7467}}</ref> N'afọ 2012 o wepụtara A Nigerian Retrospective 1966-79, otu abọm sitere na Soundway Records. Ewezuga [[Fela Kuti]] na King Sunny Ade, a na-ewere Oyelana dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwu Yoruba a na-akpọkarị.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 August 2015|title=Glo's Evening with Wole Soyinka holds with Tunji Oyelana, D'banj|publisher=The Encomium|url=http://encomium.ng/glos-evening-with-wole-soyinka-holds-with-tunji-oyelana-dbanj/}}</ref> Ya na Soyinka dere I Love My Country ma, na 1996, [[Sani Abacha]] boro ha ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru ma manye ha ịgba ọsọ ndụ mgbe ha na-eme njem mba ụwa na egwuregwu Soyinka The ''Beatification'' of Area Boy . Oyelana, onye ndú nke The Benders bi na United Kingdom ugbu a. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Egwú na ihe nkiri == N'afọ ndị 60, Tunji Oyelana bụ otu n'ime ndị otu mbụ nke Wole Soyinka's 1960 Orisun Masks. Ọ na-akpọ Soyinka "Ọ̀gá", nke pụtara "onye isi" na Yoruba. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Soyinka mbụ na-eme njem n'ụwa niile iji kọwaa ọrụ na ihe nkiri ndị dị ka Kongi's Harvest, The Road, Madmen and Specialists na Opera Wonyosi, nke na-atọ ndị na-ege ntị ụtọ. '''Ndị Benders''' O mechara gbapụta n'onwe ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka egwu agbụrụ, na-emepụta egwu ọdịnala nke na-achịkwa ikuku na 70s na 80s na otu a ma ama dị ka Tunji Oyelana na The Benders. Ọtụtụ n'ime abọm ya ga-eru eru dị ka ndị ochie n'ụdị ha, na-egosipụta amamihe, akụkọ ọdịnala na ọgụgụ isi, na-agwakọta ya na mkparịta ụka na mgbagha, na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na olu mmadụ na mgbanwe ya iji bulie mmụọ. Ụlọ ọrụ redio hụrụ egwu ya n'anya na ndị na-ege ntị nwetara obi ụtọ dị ukwuu n'aka ha. '''Sura onye na-akwa ákwà''' N'afọ ndị 80, Oyelana mekwara ihe nkiri na telivishọn (NTA Ibadan karịsịa), ikekwe ihe kachasị ama n'ihe gbasara ya bụ ihe nkiri a kpọrọ Sura de Tailor nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ya. Ọtụtụ ga-echeta abụ isiokwu nke mmemme ahụ nke ndị na-ekiri ya n'oge na-adịghị anya: "Sura de tailor, oko Adunni, enyi Major, ọkachamara na Toro, danshiki, na buba, kwa uwe na uwe Bekee o. Sura de Tailor bụ frie-n-d gị. " '''Mahadum nke Ibadan''' N'afọ 80 na Mahadum Ibadan, ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na-ebi na egwu na Ngalaba nke Ihe nkiri. Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, o nyere aka nye ntụziaka bara uru na egwu. Ọ bụ onye nduzi egwu maka ọtụtụ mmepụta nke ngalaba, na-eme ka okwu ndị na-eti ma na-etinye ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto; ọ bụkwa nnukwu onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na usoro mmepụta.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFzMC-nHqi4C&pg=PR12|title=Media and Performance (African theatre)|author=David Kerr|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|year=2011|isbn=978-1-847-0103-84}}</ref> == Nchịkọta diski ndị a họọrọ == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Album !Isiokwu abụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |1976 |Ihu Abụọ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Tunji-Oyelana-The-Benders-Double-Face/release/3362247|title=Tunji Oyelana & the Benders – Double Face (1976, Vinyl)|work=[[Discogs]]}}</ref> |Ifa |nọ n'elu chaatị egwu na Naijiria. |- |1976 |Ihu Abụọ |I wo ko lo dami |ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka ụda na ihe nkiri Naijiria dị iche iche. |- |1976 |Ihu Abụọ |Okete | --- |- |1976 |Ihu Abụọ |Alakowe |nọ n'elu chaatị egwu na Naijiria. |- |1976 |Ihu Abụọ |Enia bi aparo |nọ n'elu chaatị egwu na Naijiria. |- |1976 |Ihu Abụọ |Pambola na-ebipụta |congas nke Tunde Daudu saxophone nke Eji Oyewole |- |1976 | - |Mo ya mere ko |abụ ya a na-akpọkarị, onye ọbịa pụtara na Thunderbolt (Magun) ihe nkiri nke [[Adebayo Faleti]] dere, nke [[Tunde Kelani]] duziri. |- |2012 |Nnyocha Naịjirịa 1966-79<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/ca/album/nigerian-retrospective-1966/id558491659|title=A Nigerian Retrospective 1966-79 by Tunji Oyelana|work=[[iTunes]]|date=24 September 2012|access-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307015829/https://itunes.apple.com/ca/album/nigerian-retrospective-1966/id558491659|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Olee Ụzọ Africa? |abọm nwere nzaghachi nke abụ ya. |- |2012 |Nnyocha Naịjirịa 1966-79 |Alaru T'onje Buredi |nke e dere na 70s. |- |2012 |Nnyocha Naịjirịa 1966-79 |Olee Ụzọ Africa? | - |- |2012 |Nnyocha Naịjirịa 1966-79 |Ipan | - |- |} == Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- |1977 |Ihe niile ị chọrọ bụ Ịhụnanya |Tunji Oyelana (N'onwe ya) |ihe nkiri egwu |- |1994 |Chi nọ n'akụkụ ụzọ |Onye na-eti egwu |na Stéphane Breton dị ka onye nduzi na Wole Soyinka dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2174211/?ref_=nmbio_mbio|title=Un dieu au bord de la route (1994) - IMDb|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |- |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] blh3igmbhwx68qgp4xnfj690yirytrq 0 30943 728210 722992 2026-09-26T13:17:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Obafemi Akinwunmi Martins ( amụrụ 28 Ọktoba 1984) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye egwuregwu bụ onye gbara n'ihu. Martins mmasị Nigeria gaa Ịtali mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 ebe a na-ewere ya dị ka nkà.  Na 2002, mgbe ọ dị afọ 18, o mere mpụta mbụ ya maka ụlọ ụlọ Serie A Inter Milan .  Ọ akụkọ na 2002-2003 UEFA Champions League semi-final megide AC Milan.  N'oge ikpeazụ ya na Inter, ọ meri aha Serie A Ọ kwagara bear Premier League Newcastle United na 2006, wee gaa na mbụ Bundesliga VfL Wolfsburg na 2009. Ọ kwagara na Russian Premier League n'-ekiri Rubin Kazan na July 2010 tupu agbazinye ya na Birmingham City na January 2011. La Liga Levante, ọ gbara Seattle Sounders FC nke Major League Soccer site na 2013 ruo 2015, na-ebute ihe omume ịgba ọsọ 40, tupu ya na Shanghai Shenhua na Wuhan ndụ ọtụtụ awụ na China Na Major Core, Martins emeriela aha Serie A, iko Italian (ugboro abụọ), na Italian Super Cup, ha niile nwere Inter.  Ya na Birmingham ọ gbatara goolu mmeri na 2011 Football League Cup Final .  Ọ na Inter, Newcastle na Wolfsburg gbara mgba European, na-emeri UEFA Intertoto Cup na Newcastle.  Oge ọ kacha enye akara ka ọ hụla ka ọ gbagoro goolu iri na otu na 2004–05 Serie A, na 17 na ma 2006–07 Premier League na 2014 MLS .  N' tsare mba ụwa, Martins nọ na ndị Nigeria maka mgba iko mba Afrịka na 2006, 2008 na 2010, na maka FIFA World Cup na 2010 . === Ọrụ mmalite === . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/obafemi-martins-leap-of-faith-from-lagos-to-newcastle-462901.html|title=Obafemi Martins: Leap of faith from Lagos to Newcastle|date=25 August 2007|work=The Independent|first=Jason|author=Burt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713030310/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/obafemi-martins-leap-of-faith-from-lagos-to-newcastle-462901.html|archive-date=13 July 2010|access-date=2 October 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref>Martins sonyeere ụlọ egwuregwu egwuregwu mpaghara FC Ebedei, ebe onye njikwa Churchill Oliseh nchacha ya mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu n'okporo ụzọ obodo ya.  Mgbe otu afɔ na ihe ahụ mkpuchi, bụ Serie C AC Reggiana mere njem maka onye ikike ahụ.  ikpe nke nwanwanyị, Martins na Ebedei ibe Stephen Makinwanyere aka na-akpa na ụlọ ọrụ na 2000. Oge mbụ ya na Italy egwuregwu Martins na-abanye n'òtù egwuregwu mbụ, na mgbe e na awụ Serie A n'  ụgwọ Perugia na Inter Milan nyere onyunyo maka ndị na-aga n'ihu [[Usòrò:17_aprile_al_meazza_(9689231)_(cropped).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Martins (n'aka nri) ya na Inter Milan na 2005]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/2002/febbraio/12/festa_tutta_dell_Inter_ga_0_0202121158.shtml|title=La festa è tutta dell' Inter|publisher=La Gazzetta dello Sport|language=it|date=12 February 2002|accessdate=13 October 2018}}</ref>Martins bịanyere aka na Inter Milan na 2001 maka ego mbufe € 750,000, [1] na n'oge mbụ ya o meri ihe ofufe ọsọ 23 maka ndị ọrịa, na-enyere ha aka imeri Campionato Nazionale Primavera na oge 2001-02. Ụdị ya maka ndị isi, ọdịdị nke ahụ na Hernan Crespo, Gabriel Batistuta na Mohamed Kallon, mere ka ọ bụrụ otu egwuregwu mbụ na egwuregwu egwuregwu Parma na 22 December 2002 nke Inter 2-1 meri.  [1] [2] N'ime oge a, e nyere ihe ngosi UEFA Champions League mbụ ya site na njikwa Héctor Cúper, na-abanye dị ka onye mmebi nke ọrụ ya n'akwụkwọ, Newcastle United, na St James '  Park .  O meri ihe egwuregwu mbụ ya na ụdị egwuregwu na egwuregwu Bayer 04 Leverkusen iji nweta aha Inter na agbata iri na ise;  UEFA mechara jiri ihe onyonyo nke emume emume ya kpọsaa ozi nke oge na-esote.  Ọ gbatara ọzọ na ọkara ikpeazụ egwuregwu egwuregwu Inter's arch-rivals Milan, ma ọ pụghị ụgwọ ihe idi na ihe omume ọsọ na mpi ikpeazụ mmeri.  [3] N'asɔmpi ahụ, ọ gbara otu ugboro n'ọhụụ anọ. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/jan/16/africannationscup2006.africannationscup1|title=Group D|work=The Guardian|author=Paul Doyle|date=16 January 2006|accessdate=13 October 2018}}</ref>Martins bịanyere aka n' ረጅም ogologo oge na Inter Milan na 2005 nke na-agba ọsọ ruo 2010 ma ruru ihe dịka € 2.5 nde kwa afọ.  [1] Site n'itinye akara na 3-1 mmeri na Anderlecht na 2004-05 UEFA Champions League otu ọkwa, Martins ekiri onye mbụ n'afọ iri na ụma nyere akara na Champions League atọ sochirinụ.  [2] Ọ bụkwa onye protagonist na otu egwuregwu na-aga nke ọma na Coppa Italia, na-ebute ihe mgba ọsọ isii, ịkpọ okpu megide Bologna, [3] ka ozi ahụ ike na mmeri.  [4] Martins chị achị ihe ọsọ 22 na egwuregwu 45 n'ofe ederede niile, na-esetịpụ ihe omume nke onwe;  ezigbo ohu ya maka Inter mere ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ na Nigeria 2006 Africa Cup of Nations squad . <ref name="AsksToLeaveInter">{{Cite news|date=7 August 2006|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11860_2385460,00.htm|title=Martins asks to leave|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|accessdate=4 March 2007}}</ref>N'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na Inter, na-ebute ihe omume ọsọ 28 maka ụlọ egwuregwu na egwuregwu 88 yana ihe omume ọsọ 11 na-eche Europe, e rere ya na August 2006. Nke a bụ n'ihi na Inter  na-ebubata ndị ọkpọ ọhụrụ;  mbụ Argentinian Hernán Crespo kpọbatara na mbinye ego site na Chelsea wee pụta onye Swede Zlatan Ibrahimović site na Inter si Juventus Mgbe Martins nyefere ugboro mbufe, [1] Premier League club Newcastle United dechara ya na Inter maka onye ọkpọ ahụ na 24 August 2006 maka € 15. nde.  [2] Martins bịanyere aka na ndị awụ ise.  A kpọpụrụ ya n'ihu ndị Geordie Fans tupu iwe iko UEFA ha alụ FK Ventspils, wee keta uwe elu 9 a na- ekiri nke ụlọ, nke a ọkụ mgbe ezumike nke onye na-edekọ ihe ọrụ ọsọ ọsọ Alan Shearer na  isi. . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/5334604.stm|title=Be patient with Martins – Roeder|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=11 September 2006|accessdate=25 May 2011}}</ref>Martins mere Premier League m mbụ ya na 27 August, na mmeri 2-0 megide Aston Villa, bụ nke ejiri ikike gbatịa ya.  Ọ tụ na Martins nwere nnukwu Ụkwụ anwụ anwụ na Ilee n'ime.  Ngosipụta mbụ ya na- atụ maka Newcastle mere ka onye njikwa Glenn Roeder okwu na nchekwa ya. [[Usòrò:Butt_and_Martins.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|202x202px| Martins ya na onye otu Newcastle Nicky Butt na 2007]] azụ, na 17 Sept, Martins meri ihe mkpesa mbụ ya maka Newcastle.  Ọ bụ ihe nganga nke abụọ nke na mmeri 2-0 meri West Ham United na Upton Park, na site n'ebe ahụ ụdị mkpesa ọ pụtara nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2007|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11668/2403733/|title=Roeder admits Blues enquiry|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|first=James|author=Pearson|accessdate=4 August 2012}}</ref>Akụkọ na Jenụwarị 2007 na-atụ aro na Chelsea na- ndị ahịa maka ọrụ Martins mgbe ụdị ọdịdị ya.  Martins n'onwe ya mebiri ndị a, [1] na Roeder kwuru na ọ bụ ebe na ọ nwere ngwa ngwa onye Chelsea, ọ ikike ekwe ka Martins hapụ Newcastle. Na 14 January, na mmeri 2–3 emebe Tottenham Hotspur, ogbunigwe 20 nke Martins gbara n'ime ụgbụ ahụ.  Sky Sports mechiri iku a na ọsọ 84 mph (135 km/h), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ịgba égbè nke ndụ kacha sie ike edekọghị na edị dịka Guardian si kwuo.  [1] Nke a bụ goolu nke iri ọ gbara Newcastle.  Martins mmasị oge mbụ na Tyneside na ihe omume ọsọ 17 na egwuregwu 46. Oge nke abụọ ya dịtụ agwakọta.  Na onye njikwa ọhụrụ Sam Allardyce na-ịbụ egwu egwu Michael Owen na Mark Viduka n'ihu, Martins boot na-eji ya mee ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe anya mmiri maka ọkara mbụ nke oge.  N'agbanyeghị nke a, o jisiri ike na-agbakọ mgbe niile, na mgbe a chụrụ Allardyce na Kevin Keegan mgbaàmà, Martins pụta na a na-eji ya dị ka nke ogụ atọ na Owen na Viduka.  Martins meri ihe mbuso ole na ole n'ime oge nke abụọ ya na Newcastle, n'ihi na ọ bụghịzi isi ebe mbuso agha ha niile dị ka ọ nọ na oge mbụ ya na ha, yana oge oge ya na-eche iko mba Africa.  .  Naijiria n'afọ Disemba. Oge nke abụọ ya dịtụ agwakọta.  Na onye njikwa ọhụrụ Sam Allardyce na-ịbụ egwu egwu Michael Owen na Mark Viduka n'ihu, Martins boot na-eji ya mee ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe anya mmiri maka ọkara mbụ nke oge.  N'agbanyeghị nke a, o jisiri ike na-agbakọ mgbe niile, na mgbe a chụrụ Allardyce na Kevin Keegan ọzọ, Martins pụta na a na-eji ya dị ka nke ogụ atọ na Owen na Viduka.  Martins meri ihe mbuso ole na ole n'ime oge nke abụọ ya na Newcastle, n'ihi na ọ bụghịzi isi ebe mbuso agha ha niile dị ka ọ nọ na oge mbụ ya na ha, yana oge oge ya na-eche iko mba Africa.  .  .  .  Naijiria n'afọ Disemba. N'ime afọ atọ ya na Tyneside, Martins chịkọtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ 35 na asọmpi niile site na egwuregwu 104. Na 29 Julaị 2009, Newcastle nabatara £9 nde ego sitere na ndị mmeri Bundesliga VfL Wolfsburg, a efere ahụ ahụ na 31 July na Martins bịanyere aka na-atụgharị apụ apụ.  [1] Maka mpụta mbụ ya, Martins bịara dịka onye nke ọkara nke abụọ 1. FC Köln na Rhein Energie Stadion, ya na ndị otu ya kpọchiri akpọchi na 1–1.  O nyere aka n'ịkwalite ihe ọsọ nke abụọ wee jiri ihe mkpesa ọsọ a na-eme nke ọma mebere mbụ mbụ ya na Bundesliga mgbe ọ gbasasịrị ndị na-ahụ abụọ na-agba ọsọ wee jiri machaa site na yad isii, na  arọ ahụ n'ofe onye na-eche nche n'ebe dị anya === Rubin Kazan === . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8806226.stm|title=Nigeria's Obafemi Martins signs for Russian champions|publisher=BBC Sport|date=9 July 2010|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|accessdate=25 May 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sports.ru/football/71707662.html|publisher=sports.ru|date=9 July 2010|language=ru|accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref>Na 9 Julaị 2010, erere Martins maka €17 kọrọ nde nye ndị mmeri Premier League nke Russia Rubin Kazan .  Ọ bịanyere aka n'iche awụ atọ wee gwa BBC Sport : "Ana m ịbanye n'otu ndị mmeri na inwe m iweta ike m na ibu iji mee ka nnukwu ukwuu."  Onye akụkụ anya Martins, Nicola Walter, fim na Rubin zutere ihe niile onye mgbasa na onye njikwa Kurban Berdyev nwere "oke ọrụ" ka onye ọrụ, na-esote egwuregwu nke onye ọkpọ Aleksandr Bukharov .  Martins nwere ike ime mpụta mbụ ya na Rubin mgbe 1 August nchebe, mgbe windo mbufe meghere.  Na 9 May 2012, Rubin Kazan meri iko Russia na-enye Martins iko mbụ ya na Russia . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/feb/21/birmingham-city-sheffield-wednesday-fa-cup|title=Birmingham cruise leaves Gary Megson lamenting woeful Wednesday|first=David|author=Lacey|work=The Guardian|date=21 February 2011|accessdate=21 February 2011}}</ref>Mgbe a mụsịrị nwa ya, Martins kwuru ka ọ kwaga England ka ọ bịaruo  Ya nso.  [1] Na 31 Januarị 2011, ọ sonyeere Premier League club Birmingham City na mbịnye ego ruo na njedebe nke oge, [2] na nhọrọ nke £ 5. nde na-adịgide n'oge ndụ nke 2011. [3] O  mere mpụta mbụ ya, bụ nke e gbuterela site na usoro nke visa na-arụ ọrụ, na mmepụta iri na otu Stoke City na 12 February;  ọ gbara nsogbu iri asaa na ise ka Birmingham meri 1–0.  [4] [5] O meri ihe ọsọ mbụ ya maka ụlọ ahụ, ọkpọ iri na asaa n'ime mmeri FA Cup nke ise nke Sheffield Wednesday, ka ọ gbasịrị ọsọ siri ike. . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://world.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2349296,00.html|title=Oba out for the season|publisher=Birmingham City F.C.|date=29 April 2011|accessdate=28 February 2018}}</ref>Martins meri ihe mmeri mmeri na 2011 Football League Cup Final ka Birmingham meri Arsenal 2-1 na Wembley Stadium, ebe a na-ebute ya dị ka mkpa ndị 83.  onye na-eche nche Arsenal Wojciech Szczęsny na onye na-ahụ Laurent Koscielny ka ha na-anwa imeri ihe isi na-akụda na Birmingham Nikola Žigić .  Martins bufere ikike tọgbọrọ chakoo n'ime neetị efu site na nso ebe agbasa ahụ.  [1] Martins ndị ya dị ka "ihe mmịrị ọsozi mfe m ikike n'akwa m".  [2] Mgbe ọ pụtachara ihu Premier abụọ, ọ manya ọtụtụ izu na eme ahụ mechara dị ka mgbaji mgbawa nke tibia aka ekpe.  Mgbe a wachara ya ahụ na-ekiri, ọ chere oge mgbake e mere na ụnwayọ ruo ọnwa anọ Na 13 September 2012, Martins kwagara Levante na mbufe n'efu, bịanyere aka na apụta abụọ.  [1] [2] O mere egwuregwu mbụ mbụ ya na 23 September 2012, bụ ebe o meri ihe mgbaàmà ọsọ mbụ ya, na ihe omume ọsọ mmeri, na mmeri ụlọ 2-1 megide Real Sociedad .  [3] Martins gbatara Levante ihe nkwado na mmeri ụlọ ha 3-1 meri Granada na 28 October, na-ozira ndị otu ya n'ọkwa nke anọ na ọkwa La Liga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/levante-3-1-granada-martins-double-puts-jims-men-fourth/|title=Levante 3–1 Granada: Martins double puts JIM's men fourth|first=Heath|author=Chesters|work=Inside Spanish Football|date=28 October 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130127005517/http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/levante-3-1-granada-martins-double-puts-jims-men-fourth/|archivedate=27 January 2013}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/players/obafemi-martins|title=Obafemi Martins|publisher=mlssoccer.com|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref>Na 11 Ma ọchịchị 2013, a mara ọkwa na Martins nyere aka na ụlọ ụlọ MLS Seattle Sounders FC dị ka onye egwu chiri ahụ ahụ $4.  Nkwe ndebanye ndebanye Martins na Levante.  Ntugharị ahụ mechiri izu nke nno nke Martins nwere ike adiga Seattle.  Levante nọ na-ala azụ Martins n'etiti oge, ma yie Sounders FC egwu na-emebi iwu.  [1] Na 15 Maachị 2013, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mara ọkwa na mbinye aka ahụ bụ nke ike.  [2] Martins meri ihe ugboro ugboro mbụ ya maka ụlọ ahụ na 20 2013, na-eme ememe mkpesa azụ azụ mbịnye aka ya.  [3] . <ref name="MLS extension">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/major-league-soccer/story/2107886/seattle-sounders-give-obafemi-martins-new-deal-worth-$3-million-a-year-sources|title=Sounders give Obafemi Martins deal worth $3 million a year, sources say|work=ESPNFC|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=26 October 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Seattle Times blog">{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/soundersfc/2014/10/25/first-impressions-sounders-2-galaxy-0/|title=First impressions: Sounders 2, Galaxy 0|work=Seattle Times|date=25 October 2014|accessdate=26 October 2014}}</ref>Na 24 Ọktoba 2014, Martins bịanyere aka na igbochi awụ atọ ọhụrụ na Seattle, ọ mmegharị nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke ugwo ntanaka $ 3 nde.  [1] N'echi ya, Martins nyere nyere maka goolu mbụ Marco Pappa ka Seattle meri Galaxy 2–0 iji nweta nkwado .  [2] Enyemaka ahụ ahụ na Martins gụchara ihe egwu ọsọ 17 n'oge oge niile, ụlọ ọrụ, yana 13 na-enyere aka, ihe ngosi na-egosi na Mauro Rosales <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soundersnation.com/2014/10/15/obafemi-martins-robbie-keane-race-mvp/|title=Obafemi Martins, Robbie Keane Race For MVP|work=Sounders Nation|date=15 October 2014|accessdate=26 October 2014}}</ref> . <ref name="mlssoccer.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/gotw/goty2014|title=2014 Goal of the Year Winner: Obafemi Martins|accessdate=12 March 2015|archivedate=19 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919122606/http://www.mlssoccer.com/gotw/goty2014}}</ref>Martins nwere oge 2014 na-aga nke ọma na ndị Sounders, nke abụọ ya na mbụ ahụ, a kpọkwara ya aha dị ka otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ MLS MVP atọ.  [1] Akpọrọ Martins na MLS Best XI na ndị Sounders egwuregwu egwuregwu ịgba ọ gbatara.  [2] Ọ merikwara MLS Goal of the Year maka ọkpụ goolu nke ọ gbara site n'ịhụ dị oke egwu n'ụdị ahịrị jiida n'ebe dị anya n'ebe onye na-eche ala ọma jijiji nọ Jon Busch <ref name="2017CFACup">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42130472|title=Nigeria's Obafemi Martins helps Shenhua win Chinese FA Cup|publisher=BBC Sport|date=26 November 2017|accessdate=27 November 2017}}</ref>Na 18 February 2016, Martins bịanyere aka n' akwụkwọ maka Chinese Super League n'ikiri Shanghai Shenhua .  [1] Na 15 Mee 2016, o meri ihe mkpesa mbụ ya na Shanghai dị ka onye ihe anya na 5-1 meri Guangzhou R&F .  [2] Martins gbara goolu na mbụ nke mbụ FA Cup China nke afọ 2017 wee nye goolu dị egwu na nke abụọ.  Ọ bụ ebe na ndị mmegide ha, Shanghai SIPG, meri n'ụkwụ nke abụọ 3–2, Shanghai Shenhua meri iko a na goolu adị . <ref>{{Cite web|title=登巴巴回归申花在即 马丁斯已解约注册无障碍|url=http://sports.sina.com.cn/china/j/2018-06-01/doc-ihcikcew1900340.shtml|publisher=sina.com|date=1 June 2018|accessdate=25 October 2018|language=zh}}</ref>Na 31 Ma ọchịchị 2018, Martins meri okpu mbụ ya maka Shenhua na mmeri ụlọ 4-2 megide Hebei China Fortune .  [1] Otú ọ dị, ọ tara dị iche iche nkeakwa quadriceps femoris na nri aka nri ya na egwuregwu nke ise nke 2018 AFC Champions League megide Kashima Antlers na 3 April 2018, nke chịrị ya ma ọ na-akpa ala ụnwanyi isii.  [2] Na 1 June 2018 a mara ɔkwa na a gbahapụla Martins na Shenhua == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Martins mere egwuregwu izizi ya na ụzọ n'afọ 2004 mgbe ọ dị apụ iri na na-achumpĩ Unity Cup 2004 nyere goolu nke abụọ, n'ahọmpi Unity Cup nke mba atọ na [[London]].  [1] Ɔ so na ndị otu ụzọ gbachara nke atọ n’ahọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2006 .  Martins nyere goolu abụọ n'ahọmpi ahụ, ha abụọ gbatara Senegal n'agba nke mbụ. Ọdịnihu ya maka ndị otu mba na-enwe obi abụọ n'ọtụtụ oge mgbe esemokwu dị iche iche gasịrị. N'August 2006, webụsaịtị Naijiria FA (NFA) webatara ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya dịka 1 Mee 1978, nke gaara eme ya afọ 28 karịa afọ 21. N'oge na-adịghị anya NFA kwadoro na ọ bụ njehie nchịkwa ma rịọ mgbaghara maka mgbagwoju anya ọ kpatara. Otú ọ dị Martins yiri egwu ịkwụsị ịgba egwu maka ndị otu mba mgbe mmejọ ahụ mere ka ọ nwee obi abụọ banyere ịkwaga Newcastle. <ref>{{Cite news|date=4 August 2006|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/articles/2002/sports/august05/04082005/sp104082005.html|title=NFA embarrasses Obafemi Martins, ridicules Nigeria|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=4 March 2007|archive-date=31 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031063329/http://www.vanguardngr.com/articles/2002/sports/august05/04082005/sp104082005.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 6 February 2007, Martins Echeghị maka mmeri 4–1 enyi na enyi megide Ghana, n'agbanyeghị na e nyere iwu ka ọ kwadoro.  O mechara bụrụ na ọ nọghị ya bụ n'ihi na ọ gara Legọs ịga leta nne ya na-arịa ọrịa.  [1] Onye nkuzi na-achị azụ bụ Augustine Eguavoen were iwe were Martins wee yie egwu machibido ya n'òtù mba ahụ.  [2] Na 14 February 2007, Martins kwuru mgbaghara maka igbu egwuregwu ahụ mana o kwuru na ya na-egosi nne ya dị mkpa ụfọdụ.  O iwu na ya ga-adị egwuri egwu ịgba n'ibu n'aka.  [3] Ọ la mmetụta n'ụdị mba ahụ na 24 Maachị 2007, na-egwu egwuregwu zuru oke [[Uganda]] na na-eche ihu mba Africa wee merie. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/teams/team=43876/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206053705/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/teams/team=43876/index.html|archivedate=6 December 2010|title=Nigeria|publisher=FIFA.com|accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref>Na 17 Nọvemba 2007, Martins chịrị Nigeria na nke mbụ, na egwuregwu enyi na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] maka m pụta nke iri na ndụ ya.  Na 12 Nọvemba 2009 ọ gbara ọkpụ goolu dị egwu na nsogbu 83 megide Kenya na Nairobi, si otú a hụ na Nigeria ruru eru maka 2010 FIFA World Cup .  N'ahọmpi ikpeazụ na South Africa, Martins gbara ohu iri asaa na otu n'ime egwuregwu abụọ na-agụnye isi.  [1] N'isi otu nke mbụ, ọ bịara dịka ndị iri ise na-eme anya Victor Obinna .  [2] N'N'ike nke atɔ ejiri were akara iri ise na asaa maka Nwankwo Kanu .  [3] Naijiria ji otu isi kpọpụ n'ọkwa dị ala n'ahọmpi B. [[Usòrò:Obafemi_Martins_defended_by_LA_Galaxy.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| Martins na-eme ihe maka Seattle na 2014]] Onye na-agba ọsọ ọsọ, nke dị ntakịrị, na onye na-agba ọsọ ụkwụ aka ekpe, bụ onye na-agba ọsọ na bọl, Martins bụ onye a maara nke ọma maka ọsọ ọsọ ya, ijegharị, na egwuregwu dị ka onye na-agba bọl, yana ike ya dị egwu, ike, na elu ya, n'agbanyeghị. obere ogologo ya; o meela ka ọ pụta ìhè maka mmemme mgbaru ọsọ acrobatic ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2005/02/04/martins-scatti-gol-timidezza-le-mie-capriole.html|title=Martins, scatti gol e timidezza Le mie capriole per Mancini|publisher=La Repubblica|author=Andrea Sorrentino|language=it|date=4 February 2005|accessdate=9 June 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2003/maggio/04/acrobazie_Martins_non_svegliano_Inter_co_5_030504023.shtml|title=Le acrobazie di Martins non svegliano l' Inter|publisher=Il Corriere della Sera|author=Mario Gherarducci|language=it|date=4 May 2003|accessdate=9 June 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|first=Alessandro|author=Di Gioia|url=https://www.calciomercato.com/news/che-fine-ha-fatto-oba-oba-martins-dalla-champions-sfiorata-con-l-77399|title=Che fine ha fatto? 'Oba Oba' Martins, dalla Champions sfiorata con l'Inter al ritorno dopo due anni... in Cina!|publisher=calciomercato.com|language=it|date=29 March 2020|accessdate=6 June 2020|archivedate=6 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606133732/https://www.calciomercato.com/news/che-fine-ha-fatto-oba-oba-martins-dalla-champions-sfiorata-con-l-77399}}</ref> : ''Akara na rịzọlt ga-ebu ụzọ depụta goolu Naịjirịa, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara ka ọ gbachara goolu Martins ọ bụla.'' '''Inter Milan''' <ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/obafemi-martins/4466/|title=O. Martins|work=Soccerway|publisher=Perform Group|accessdate=14 September 2014}}</ref> * Serie A : 2005–06 * Coppa Italia : 2004–05, 2005–06 * Supercoppa Italiana : 2005 * Iko Njikọ bọọlụ : 2010–11 * Iko mba Afrịka nke atọ: 2006 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/04a.html|title=African Nations Cup 2004|work=RSSSF|date=15 December 2006|accessdate=22 November 2020|first=Barrie|author=Courtney}}</ref> '''Onye''' * [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] Kachasị Nkwa Nkwa nke Afọ: 2003, 2004 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=%2FR3WaZKROVJ6wGZ8srjnDQ%3D%3D|title=Iheanacho adjudged Most Promising Talent|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=9 January 2014|accessdate=27 December 2015}}</ref> * MLS XI kacha mma : 2014 <ref name="MLS reveals 2014 Best XI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/12/02/mls-reveals-2014-best-xi-headlined-landon-donovan-thierry-henry|title=MLS reveals 2014 Best XI|date=2 December 2014|accessdate=12 March 2015|archivedate=24 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324035523/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/12/02/mls-reveals-2014-best-xi-headlined-landon-donovan-thierry-henry}}</ref> * Ebumnuche MLS nke afọ : 2014 <ref name="mlssoccer.com"/> * MLS All-Star : 2015 <ref name="AT&T MLS All-Star Game roster">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/all-star/2015/news/article/2015/07/18/sebastian-giovinco-kei-kamara-among-22-players-named-2015-att-mls-all-star-g|title=Sebastian Giovinco, Kei Kamara among 22 players named to 2015 AT&T MLS All-Star Game roster|publisher=Major League Soccer|date=20 July 2015|accessdate=26 October 2015|archivedate=21 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921022035/http://www.mlssoccer.com/all-star/2015/news/article/2015/07/18/sebastian-giovinco-kei-kamara-among-22-players-named-2015-att-mls-all-star-g}}</ref> * Iko FA ndị China : Onye kacha nwee goolu: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sports.sina.com.cn/china/cfacup/2017-03-18/doc-ifycnpit2261843.shtml|title=2017足协杯射手榜|language=zh|work=sports.sina.com.cn|date=18 March 2017|accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> * Obafemi Martins at Soccerbase * Obafemi Martins at Soccerway * Obafemi Martins at National-Football-Teams.com [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7f2won0k3yk8fza6s6onkltd1y77wro 0 31093 728428 140949 2026-09-27T07:46:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728428 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} <ref name="Statistics at boxrec.com">{{Cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=4398&cat=boxer|title=Statistics at boxrec.com|publisher=boxrec.com|date=31 December 2013|accessdate=1 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424195622/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=4398&cat=boxer|archive-date=24 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>Tony Ekubia (akpa 6 Maachị 1960) bụ onye Naijiria / British ọkụ ọkụ / ọkụ welter / welterweight ọkpọ nke 1980s na 90s onye meri British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Central (England) naị fechaa aha, BBBofC British light welterweight.  aha, na Commonwealth light welterweight aha, ntụgharị arọ varied si , ntụgharị dị fechaa ruo 146 lb (66 n'arọ; 10 st 6 lb), ntụgharị welterweight . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] 5w8mmztq773hgpxopur84i2oh6rautx 0 31170 728464 725346 2026-09-27T11:12:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728464 wikitext text/x-wiki <references group="" responsive="1"></references>{{Databox}} '''Walter Samuel Nkanu Onnoghen''' GCON (amụrụ na 22 Disemba 1950) bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|onye]] ọka iwu Naijiria nke jere ozi dị ka Chief Justice nke Naijiria site na 2017 ruo 2019.<ref name="NGP">{{Cite web|date=2013|url=http://kyg.nigeriagovernance.org/persons_in_offices/view/532|publisher=Nigeria Governance Project KYG|title=Justice Walter Samuel Nkwanu Onnoghen|accessdate=September 9, 2018|archivedate=September 9, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909112855/http://kyg.nigeriagovernance.org/persons_in_offices/view/532}}</ref><ref name="Samuel Nkanu">{{Cite journal|year=2007|title=African biographies|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigeria-president-appoints-acting-chief-justice/2019/01/25/bbbbaf4c-20cc-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html|journal=The News|volume=29|pages=27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126090625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigeria-president-appoints-acting-chief-justice/2019/01/25/bbbbaf4c-20cc-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html|archive-date=2019-01-26|access-date=2023-10-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="National Judicial Institute, Nigeria">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190126090625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigeria-president-appoints-acting-chief-justice/2019/01/25/bbbbaf4c-20cc-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html The Washington Post]</ref> Tupu ọ banye n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, ọ bụ onye ọka ikpe na Cross River State na onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe. A mụrụ Walter Onnoghen na 22 Disemba 1950 na Okurike Town, Biase Local Government Area nke Cross Rivers State.<ref name="NGP"/> Onnoghen gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Presbyterian Primary School, Okurike Town n'etiti afọ 1959 na 1965. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ gara Accra na [[Ghana]], nweta asambodo O-Level nke West African Examination Council (WAEC) na Odorgonno Senior High School n'etiti afọ 1967 na 1972, na WAEC (A-Levels) ya na Accra Academy n'etiti 1972 na 1974. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ghana na Legon, [[Ghana]] na 1977 na Naịjirịa Law School na Lagos na 1978.<ref name="NGP"/> N'agbata afọ 1989 - 1998, ọ bụ onye ọka ikpe ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Cross Rivers State Judiciary. N'oge ọ bụ Onyeikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Cross Rivers State Judiciary, e mere ya Onye isi oche nke Cross River State Armed Robbery and Firm Arms Tribunal ma ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo afọ 3 n'etiti 1990 - 1993. N'otu oge na 1996 mgbe ọ ka na-ejide ọkwa onye ọka ikpe nke ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Cross Rivers State Judiciary, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche, nyocha ikpe n'ime nsogbu dị n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Mahadum Calabar na Obufa Esuk Orok Community, [[Calabar]]. N'afọ 1998, ọ bụ onye isi oche, Failed Bank Tribunal, Ibadan Zone. N'etiti oge nke 1992 ruo 2004, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka ikpe, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Rivers State ebe site na 1998 ruo 2005 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, Justice Onnoghen duziri otu ndị ọka ikpe asaa nke ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu bụ ndị nyochara ma kwado ikpe ọnwụ nke Chukwuemeka Ezeugo (aka Rev. Eze) nke Nzukọ Ekpere Ndị Kraịst. N'afọ 2007, Justice Onnoghen keere òkè dị ukwuu na ntuli aka 2007 nke hụrụ Late [[Umaru Yar'Adua|Umaru Yar'adua]] dị ka Onye isi ala nke mba Naịjirịa. O nwere mkpebi dị iche nke mere ka ntuli aka onye isi ala ghara ịdị irè. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ya bụ ikpe nke ndị ka nta. == Nhọpụta dị ka CJN == == Nkwụsị dị ka CJN == Ikpe ahụ malitere na Jenụwarị 14, 2019 na Code of Conduct Tribunal mana Onnoghen anọghị.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Update: CJN, Walter Onnoghen shuns CCT trial|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/breaking-cjn-walter-onnoghen-shuns/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=14 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053053/https://oak.tv/newstrack/breaking-cjn-walter-onnoghen-shuns/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wepụrụ ya n'izu na-esote n'ihi na Onnoghen mebiri usoro ịkpọ òkù ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CJN,Onnoghen defends absence from CCT, faults appearance notice|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/cjn-onnoghen-defends-absence/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=14 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130003104/https://oak.tv/newstrack/cjn-onnoghen-defends-absence/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E mere ndokwa ka a nụ ikpe ọzọ na Jenụwarị 22, 2019 mana ọ pụtaghị n'ụlọ ikpe ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=BREAKING: Again, Onnoghen absent form court as CCT begins hearing|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/onnoghen-absent-court/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=22 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130001414/https://oak.tv/newstrack/onnoghen-absent-court/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-anọghị ọzọ, Onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kwụsịrị ya na 26 Jenụwarị wee họpụta Tanko Ibrahim dị ka onye isi ikpe nke Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=President Buhari suspended embattled Chief Justice of Nigeria|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/president-buhari-speaks-suspended-justice-walter-onnoghen/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=26 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130001418/https://oak.tv/newstrack/president-buhari-speaks-suspended-justice-walter-onnoghen/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị uwe ojii mechiri ọfịs ya na ndị otu National Interest Defenders na Lawyers mere ngagharị iwe n'ọnụ ụzọ nke National Secretariat nke Nigerian Bar Association.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Breaking: Police seals Onnoghen's Office|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/breaking-police-seals-onnoghens-office/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=28 January 2019|archive-date=28 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128133238/https://oak.tv/newstrack/breaking-police-seals-onnoghens-office/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Breaking: Protest at NBA Secretariat over Onnoghen, Tanko Mohammed|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/onnoghen-protest-nba-secretariat-onnoghen/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=28 January 2019|archive-date=28 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128204817/https://oak.tv/newstrack/onnoghen-protest-nba-secretariat-onnoghen/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nkwụsị ya kpatara ọtụtụ ọgba aghara site n'aka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị ọka iwu na ọbụna nweta aha mba ụwa site n'etiti ndị otu mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SERAP issued five days ultimatum to the National Judicial Council|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/serap-issues-5-day-ultimatum-njc-take-onnoghens-case/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=27 January 2019|archive-date=27 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127162132/https://oak.tv/newstrack/serap-issues-5-day-ultimatum-njc-take-onnoghens-case/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Timing of Onnoghen's suspension gives cause for concern – UK govt|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/timing-onnoghens-suspension-gives-cause-concern-uk-government/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=26 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130001412/https://oak.tv/newstrack/timing-onnoghens-suspension-gives-cause-concern-uk-government/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=NBA rejects Onnoghen's suspension, says it's a coup|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/nba-rejects-onnoghens-suspension-says-coup/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=26 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130001421/https://oak.tv/newstrack/nba-rejects-onnoghens-suspension-says-coup/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Atiku kọwara nkwụsịtụ ya dị ka 'Dictatorship Taken Too Far'.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Atiku Abubakar, PDP, has described suspension of Walter Onnoghen|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/atiku-says-onnoghens-suspension/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=26 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130003054/https://oak.tv/newstrack/atiku-says-onnoghens-suspension/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minista na-ahụ maka ozi, Lai Mohammed, boro ndị na-akatọ Onye isi ala Buhari maka nkwụsị Onnoghen dị ka ndị ihu abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lai Mohammed, says those criticising President Buhari|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/lai-criticising-buhari-onnoghen-hypocrites/|accessdate=29 January 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=26 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130001424/https://oak.tv/newstrack/lai-criticising-buhari-onnoghen-hypocrites/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Onnoghen mara ikpe site na Code of Conduct Tribunal na Thursday April 18, 2019 maka nkwupụta akụ ụgha, na o ver 5 akaụntụ na-ekwupụtabeghị ma ọ nweghị ike ịkọwa ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/325953-breaking-cct-convicts-onnoghen-of-false-assets-declaration.html|title=CCT convicts Onnoghen of false assets declaration -|date=2019-04-18|work=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-04-18}}</ref> CCT na-achịkwa na a machibidoro ya ịrụ ọrụ gọọmentị ruo afọ iri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsliveng.com/2019/04/cct-convicts-former-cjn-walter-onnoghen/|title=Walter Onnoghen Suspended from holding Public Office for 10yrs|author=Saka Babatunde|work=Nigeria new live|accessdate=2023-10-02|archivedate=2019-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430222048/https://www.newsliveng.com/2019/04/cct-convicts-former-cjn-walter-onnoghen/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Television|first=Oak|title=Onnoghen convicted, ordered to forfeit over N46m to FG|url=https://oak.tv/onnoghen-convicted-ordered-forfeit-n46m-fg/|work=OAK TV|publisher=oak tv|accessdate=23 April 2019|date=23 April 2019|archivedate=23 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423114047/https://oak.tv/onnoghen-convicted-ordered-forfeit-n46m-fg/}}</ref> Onye isi ala Buhari natara akwụkwọ ozi Onoghen ji aka ya gbaa arụkwaghịm nke malitere na Mee 28, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Buhari Accepts Onnoghen's Voluntary Retirement. Justice Onnoghen|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/buhari-accepts-onnoghens/|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=10 June 2019|archive-date=8 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708172651/https://oak.tv/newstrack/buhari-accepts-onnoghens/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe mmegide mbụ megide nnabata Buhari maka ezumike nká Onoghen, National Judicial Commission kwuru na ezumike nkwe Onnoghen bụ maka ọdịmma kacha mma nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/06/11/onnoghens-retirement-nigerias-best-interest-njc/amp//|title=Onnoghen's Retirement In Nigeria's Best Interest -NJC|publisher=[[Sahara Reporters]]|accessdate=11 June 2019}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Chief Justices of Nigeria}}    [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2tm81t0z6gdlz39s4lei6hepz4f88eg 0 31847 728417 191439 2026-09-27T06:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Teke Oruh''' (amụrụ 8 [[Ọgọstụ|Ọgọst]] 1978), nke a na-akpọ [[African Leadership Academy|African]] Prince, bụ onye [[Naijiria]] bụbu onye ọkpọ ọkpọ nke gbara asọmpi site na 2001 ruo 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxrec.com/en/box-pro/61173|author=|title=Teke Oruh}}</ref> == Onye na-amụta ihe == Oruh meriri Bronze na 1999 All-[[Africa]] Games. == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Oruh mere mpụta mbụ ọkachamara ya, nke mbụ nke Gustavo Robleto, na 28 Julaị 2001. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndekọ ọkachamara ya bụ mmeri 14 (6 site na knockout) na otu mmeri na 1 eserese mgbe Joey Abell gosipụtara na Showtime. [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ] == Ihe ndekọ ịkụ ọkpọ ọkachamara == {{s-start}} |- |align="center" colspan=8|'''14 Wins''' (6 knockouts, 8 decisions), '''3 Losses''' (1 knockout, 2 decisions), '''1 Draw''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20150617053617/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=61173&cat=boxer] |- | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Result''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Record''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Opponent''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Type''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Round''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Date''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Location''' | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Notes''' |-align=center |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|19-0}} |align=left|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Alexander Povetkin]] |KO |5 |16/10/2010 |align=left|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Chekhov]], Russia |align=left|{{small|Oruh knocked out at 2:57 of the fifth round.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|24-4}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Manuel Quezada]] |UD |10 |29/11/2008 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Ontario, California]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{no2}}Loss |{{small|17-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Joey Abell]] |MD |10 |16/11/2007 |align=left|{{flagicon|Saint Lucia}} [[Gros Islet]], Saint Lucia |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|11-2-2}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Jason Gavern |MD |6 |24/05/2007 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[San Jose, California]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|12-8-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} John Clark |MD |6 |22/02/2007 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Lemoore, California]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|9-10}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Willie Perryman |TKO |6 |14/09/2006 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[San Jose, California]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 2:13 of the sixth round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|3-4}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Shaun Tyrone Ross |UD |4 |20/07/2006 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[San Jose, California]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|4-17-4}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} David Johnson |UD |4 |03/03/2006 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Temecula, California]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|2-5-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Douglas Robertson |KO |1 |15/12/2005 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Lemoore, California]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Robertson knocked out at 2:37 of the first round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|2-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Shaun Tyrone Ross |TKO |3 |29/04/2005 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 0:18 of the third round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|7-2-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|Brazil}} Marcelino Novaes |UD |6 |27/08/2004 |align=left|{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-6-2}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Lee Lark |TKO |1 |21/11/2003 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Whittier, California]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 3:00 of the first round.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|6-8-2}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Marcus Harvey |UD |6 |10/05/2003 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Hollywood, California]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Emanuel Laurents |UD |4 |08/03/2003 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Tustin, California]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-2}} |align=left|{{flagicon|Mexico}} Gerardo Yanez |KO |1 |24/01/2003 |align=left|{{flagicon|California}} [[Ventura, California]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Yanez knocked out at 2:40 of the first round.}} |- |Draw |{{small|7-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Derek Berry |PTS |4 |01/02/2002 |align=left|{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Phoenix, Arizona]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-1}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Hector Ferreyro |UD |4 |21/08/2001 |align=left|{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Tempe, Arizona]], U.S. |align=left| |- |{{yes2}}Win |{{small|1-6}} |align=left|{{flagicon|United States}} Gustavo Robleto |TKO |1 |28/07/2001 |align=left|{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Fort Myers, Florida]], U.S. |align=left|{{small|Referee stopped the bout at 1:39 of the first round.}} |} == Njikọ mpụga == * [[Boxing Libreville|Boxing]] record for Teke Oruh from BoxRec (registration required) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2e6yy24weax5hbfbtumsdhjfvzdhsr6 0 32100 728457 175167 2026-09-27T10:17:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] Victor Efosa Uwaifo MON (1 Machị 1941 - 28 Ọgọst 2021) bụ onye egwu Naijiria, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe, na onye na-emepụta ngwá egwu, onye nkuzi mahadum, onye a ma ama na egwu, na onye isi oche mbụ maka nka, ọdịbendị na njem nleta na Naijiria. Victor Efosa Uwaifo MON Onye egwu Naijiria Njem<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180920154236/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/a77f26ec-ec08-40dc-bc22-aeec8ce7c610 "Sir Victor Uwaifo" page] at BBC Music.</ref> Ọ bụ onye mmeri nke diski ọla edo mbụ n'Africa (Joromi) wepụtara na 1965 na diski ọlaedo asaa ndị ọzọ na Guitar boy, Arabade, Ekassa series na Akwete music. [ ihe e dere n'ala ala] O dekọrọ n'okpuru aha "Victor Uwaifo na Titibitis ya". [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ [ ihe e dere n'ala ala] == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Victor Efosa Uwaifo na Benin City, Edo State, Colonial Nigeria ma nweta agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Western Boys' High School Benin na St Gregory's College, Lagos, site na 1957 ruo 1961. Benin City Edo State Colonial Nigeria St Gregory's College, Lagos<ref name="Larkin">{{Cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|editor=Colin Larkin|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=1997|edition=Concise|isbn=1-85227-745-9}}</ref> Ọ malitere ịkpọ ụbọ akwara mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, mmetụta egwu mbụ ya na-ewu ewu bụ ndekọ nke egwu Spanish na Latin America. guitar Spanish Latin American<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoruwaifo.com/biography.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118015154/http://www.victoruwaifo.com/biography.htm|archivedate=18 January 2012|title=Biography of Prof. Sir Victor Uwaifo|date=18 January 2012}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ ihe osise na Yaba College of Technology, Lagos State ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1961-63 mgbe ọ dị afọ 22. eserese Yaba College of Technology Lagos State Ọ natara nzere bachelọ na nkwanye ùgwù klas mbụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 54 (Valedictorian) na nzere masta na Mahadum Benin na 1997 mgbe ọ dị iri ise na isii ebe ọ gụrụ nka dị mma na nke a na-etinye n'ọrụ ma na-amụ ihe ọkpụkpụ. nzere bachelọ Mahadum Valedictorian nke Benin fine and applied arts sculpture<ref name="2014Interview">[http://thicctourism.com/interview-with-sir-victor-uwaifo-tales-from-the-guitar-boy/ Interview with Sir Victor Uwaifo – "Tales from the Guitar Boy"], Thicc Tourism, 30 April 2014.</ref> Thesis ya maka PhD ya na ihe ọkpụkpụ ụlọ bụ A reinvention of Benin Royal Ancestral Pieces, Mahadum Benin, Nigeria. ihe osise ụlọ A reinvention of Benin Royal Ancestral Pieces, Mahadum Benin, Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 May 2018|title=Sir Victor Uwaifo, the Highlife music legend who created and mastered the 'magic guitar' with 18 strings|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/sir-victor-uwaifo-the-highlife-music-legend-who-created-and-mastered-the-magic-guitar-with-18-strings|accessdate=26 March 2021|work=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Benin, Uwaifo gara n'ihu na-akpọ egwu na St Gregory's College, Lagos. St Gregory's College, Lagos Ọ bụ onye ya na Segun Bucknor dịkọrọ ndụ, ha abụọ so n'etiti ndị isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Lagos n'oge ahụ. Dị ka Bucknor si kwuo N'oge ezumike ụlọ akwụkwọ na ngwụsị izu, ya na ndị otu Olaiya's All Stars na-eme egwu. Olaiya<ref name="Larkin"/> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ na-egwuri egwu na ndụ dị elu nke E.C. Arinze n'oge mgbede. Uwaifo sokwa Stephen Osadebe na Fred Coker rụkọọ ọrụ nwa oge tupu o guzobe Melody Maestros na 1965. Stephen Osadebe Fred Coker<ref name="Larkin" /> Ìgwè ahụ wepụtara "Joromi" nke ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na Naijiria na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke West Africa. Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka Uwaifo mere akụkọ ihe mere eme na Naijiria mgbe ọ meriri ndekọ ọla edo mbụ na Naijeria, West Africa na Africa (nke Philips, West Africa gosipụtara) maka egwu ya "Joromi" na 1996. ihe ndekọ ọla edo Philips<ref name="Larkin" /> N'agbata afọ 1965 na 1968, ọ mepụtara ụda Akwete. N'afọ 1969, ọ malitere egwu ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Shadow na egwu ọhụrụ a makwaara dị ka shadow, ngwakọta nke Akwete na twist. ntụgharị A tọhapụrụ ụda ahụ mgbe egwu mkpụrụ obi na-ewu ewu na Lagos ma were afọ ole na ole. egwu mkpụrụ obi Mgbe a malitere Shadow, ndị Melody Maestros gara njem nleta n'obodo dị iche iche nke Naijiria. Uwaifo mechara nwalee ụda ọhụrụ nke yiri mkpụrụ obi mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ hapụrụ ya maka Ekassa, nkọwa nke ụda ọdịnala Benin.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Collins|first=John|title=Musicmakers of west Africa|date=1985|publisher=Three Continents Press|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9780894100758|pages=[https://archive.org/details/musicmakersofwes00coll/page/77 77-80]|url=https://archive.org/details/musicmakersofwes00coll/page/77}}</ref> N'afọ 1971, Uwaifo meghere ụlọ nkwari akụ Joromi na Benin City, n'ime afọ iri, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn nke ya. Obodo Benin Site n'ebe ahụ, o mepụtara mmemme egwu na ọdịbendị mba kwa izu.<ref name="Larkin"/> == Nkwado mba == Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa, iji kwado nkà ya na onyinye ọ nyere na Naịjirị, sọpụrụ ya na National Honors Merit Award na 1983, nke na-agụ n'akụkụ: " ... ebe a họpụtara gị ma họpụta gị dị ka onye otu Order of the Niger iji nwee ma jide ma nwee ihe ùgwù nke Federal Republic of Nigeria nke Order ahụ, MON. "Onye otu Order of le Niger<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-10|title=FG addressed only 2 of 8 ASUU’s demands|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/sir-victor-efosa-uwaifo-1941-2021/|accessdate=2022-04-07|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407130730/https://guardian.ng/opinion/sir-victor-efosa-uwaifo-1941-2021/}}</ref> == Nkwado mba ụwa == N'afọ 1995, Kọmitii Mba Nile nke United Nations Staff Day kpọrọ Uwaifo ka ọ rụọ ọrụ n'oge emume Jubilee Golden nke UN. Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu A kpọtụrụ ya aha na Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, mbipụta 1983, nke edere na ngalaba "Who's Who in Nigeria", "Who'st Who in Africa", "Who is Who in the Commonwealth", na "Men and Women of Distinction in the Commonwealth". Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Grove nke Egwú na Ndị Egwú Commonwealth Ọ bụ onye otu Honorary Member nke Biographical Advisory Council, Cambridge, England; onye otu Performing Right Society, na nke ndị ndụmọdụ nke American Heritage University, California, US. Cambridge Performing Right Society American Heritage University California Ọ bụ onye Naijiria mbụ meriri diski ọla edo n'Africa, (Joromi) wepụtara na 1965 mgbe ọ dị afọ 24.<ref name="thisdaylive">{{Cite web|title=THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa == Uwaifo bụ onye isi oche nke Joromi Organization, ụlọ ọrụ na-edekọ egwu na telivishọn dị na Benin City.<ref name="thisdaylive"/> Ọ gbara ọsọ ma jikwaa ụlọ ngosi nka na Victor Uwaifo Hall of Fame. == Ndụ onwe onye == Ihe ntụrụndụ Uwaifo gụnyere igwu mmiri, iwu ahụ, ịgba chaa chaa, ịgụ na ide ihe. Ọ bụ Onye Kraịst ma lụọ di ma nwee ụmụ. Ndị Kraịst == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.victoruwaifo.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Victor Uwaifo] * Victor Uwaifo discography at Discogs 6gqzvuo7kue5nqm2nw5uiegr3xl1a11 0 32261 728199 722975 2026-09-26T12:46:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728199 wikitext text/x-wiki Amy Dunne bụ nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na ụma nke tụụrụ [[Afọ ime|ime]] mgbe ọ nọ n'okpuru nlekọta HSE na 2007. Nnyocha nke nwa e bu n'afọ gosiri na ọ na-arịa ọrịa anencephaly. Nsogbu a na-egbu egbu pụtara na nwa ahụ agaghị ebi ogologo oge n'èzí afọ. Dunne chọrọ ịga [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] maka [[Iwepu afọ ime|ite ime]], ebe ọ bụ na a machibidoro ite ime na Ireland nke ukwuu. HSE gbalịrị ịkwụsị ya ịga, site n'ịgwa ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na ha nwere iwu ụlọ ikpe na-egbochi na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ya ime njem, ọ ga-ejikwa ya mee Ihe nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ma degara Garda Síochána akwụkwọ ozi na-arịọ ha ka ha kwụsị njem ya. Kemgbe Ndezigharị nke Iri na Atọ nke Iwu Iwu nke Ireland na 1992, ọ bụghị iwu na-akwadoghị ịga njem n'èzí Ireland maka ite ime. Otu onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kpebiri na o nwere Okike nke eluigwe na ụwa họrọ ịga UK, ma katọọ usoro HSE ji mee ihe n'okwu ahụ. E nyere HSE iwu ka ọ kwụọ ụgwọ, nke e mere atụmatụ na ọ ruru € 1 nde.  <ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Irish Times]]|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/court-rules-miss-d-can-travel-to-uk-for-abortion-1.1205100|date=10 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2016|title=Court rules 'Miss D' can travel to UK for abortion|first=Mary|author=Carolan|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/prolifers-offered-cash-to-help-miss-d-with-pregnancy-26293256.html|work=[[Irish Independent]]|title=Pro-lifers offered cash to help Miss D with pregnancy|date=26 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2016|first=Dearbhail|author=McDonald|page=7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/6639673.stm|title=Irish teen wins abortion battle|date=9 May 2007|accessdate=16 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0509/88757-abortion/|publisher=[[RTÉ]]|title=Miss D can travel for abortion: Court|date=9 May 2007|accessdate=16 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/may/10/health.frontpagenews|title=Irish judge stirs up abortion debate by ruling 17-year-old can travel to UK for termination|date=10 May 2007|first=Owen|author=Bowcott|accessdate=16 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1550507/Girl-fights-for-abortion-of-deformed-foetus.html|title=Girl fights for abortion of deformed foetus|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=4 May 2007|accessdate=16 August 2016|first=Tom|author=Peterkin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-05-10/irish-teen-wins-fight-for-abortion/2544138|title=Irish teen wins fight for abortion|date=9 May 2007|accessdate=16 August 2016|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelifeinstitute.net/history/the-d-case/|title=Miss D Case in 2007|publisher=Life Institute|accessdate=15 August 2016|archivedate=17 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817045327/http://www.thelifeinstitute.net/history/the-d-case/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/ourview/miss-d-abortion--ruling-is-a-victory-for-humanity-32366.html#!|work=[[Irish Examiner]]|date=10 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2016|title=Miss D abortion - Ruling is a victory for humanity}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0501/88513-abortion/|publisher=RTÉ|title=17-year-old seeking abortion challenges HSE|date=2 May 2016|accessdate=15 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/05/10/ireland-lets-teenager-go-to-england-for-abortion.html|title=Ireland Lets Teenager Go to England for Abortion|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=10 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822173403/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/05/10/ireland-lets-teenager-go-to-england-for-abortion.html|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/ireland/article1373704.ece|publisher=[[The Sunday Times]]|title=Miss D in court action over 'trauma' of HSE abortion ruling|first=Justine|author=McCarthy|date=9 February 2014|accessdate=15 August 2016|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820202907/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/ireland/article1373704.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/04/ireland|title=Irish police cannot stop girl leaving for abortion|date=4 May 2007|first=Owen|author=Bowcott|accessdate=15 August 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Irish court battle over teenager's abortion right|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/may/02/health.comment|date=2 May 2007|accessdate=16 August 2016|first=Owen|author=Bowcott|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Age]]|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/ireland-torn-as-pregnant-teen-seeks-right-to-travel-for-abortion/2007/05/02/1177788225120.html|title=Ireland torn as pregnant teen seeks right to travel for abortion|date=3 May 2007|first=Owen|author=Bowcott|accessdate=15 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=10 May 2007|title=COURT LIFTS ABORTION TRAVEL BAN ON MISS D}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/09/world/europe/09iht-irish.4.5641382.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Irish court backs girl who sought abortion|date=9 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2016|first=Eamonn|author=Quinn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/state-has-no-power-to-stop-teen-travelling-for-abortion-308698.html|title=State 'has no power to stop teen travelling for abortion'|work=BreakingNews.ie|date=1 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2016}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (November 2021)">excessive citations</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> O nwere ọgwụ, ọ bụghị ịwa ahụ ite ime na UK. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/harrowing-ordeal-nearly-destroyed-me-says-teenager-26292258.html|work=Irish Independent|date=22 May 2007|title=Harrowing ordeal nearly destroyed me, says teenager|first=Dearbhail|author=McDonald|accessdate=15 August 2016|page=8}}</ref>HSE jụrụ ikwu ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwụrụ ụgwọ ite ime.<ref>{{Cite news|title=HSE to probe handling of Miss D case|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/hse-to-probe-handling-of-miss-d-case-26288507.html|date=11 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2016|work=Irish Independent|first=Dearbhail|author=McDonald|page=4}}</ref> * ''Attorney General v. X'' * C Ọnọdụ * ''D na Ireland'' * Ọnwụ Savita Halappanavar * Ndezigharị nke Asatọ nke Iwu Iwu nke Ireland * Ms Y * Nchebe nke Ndụ n'oge Ime 2013 * ''PP megide HSE'' * Sheila Hodgers == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} 2sev3sms2ff2f88vnf1ulf8edd7hbov 0 32443 728288 165292 2026-09-26T19:07:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728288 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Pages using infobox organization with motto or pledge]] {{Databox}}'''PlanetRead''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru nke Ashoka Fellow, Brij Kothari, guzobere, iji nye otu asụsụ subtitling na Vidio egwu Bollywood n'otu asụsụ ahụ a na-abụ ha iji kwalite ịgụ na ide. E nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ 650 gụrụ akwụkwọ na India. N'ezie, ọkara nke ndị a na-akpọ 'ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ,' ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 300, nwere ike ịkpọ 'ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'oge. " Ha enweghị ike ịgụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Isi akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Otu ndepụta okwu n'asụsụ == E meela otu asụsụ subtitling (SLS) na Egwú ihe nkiri Bollywood dị na TV, n'asụsụ iri:   A na-egosi abụ Hindi na okwu ndị a na-akpọ na Hindi, abụ Tamil na ndepụta Tamil, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ihe ị na-anụ bụ ihe ị na-agụ. A na-emepụta ndepụta okwu iji gbanwee agba nke okwu ọ bụla n'oge zuru oke na abụ ahụ. SLS dị oke ọnụ. Na mmemme Hindi, otu dollar US na-enye mmadụ 5,000 ọzụzụ ịgụ ihe maka otu afọ. IIM Ahmedabad na PlanetRead Trust emejuputawo SLS na mba na mmekorita ya na Doordarshan. Ndị nyere onyinye gụnyere: * Ụmụaka niile na-agụ (USAID) * Google Foundation * Sir Ratan Tata Trust * Ahịa Mmepe ([[World Bank|Ụlọ Akụ̀ Ụwa]]) * Dell Inye * Ngalaba Mmụta Ụlọ Akwụkwọ na Ịgụ na Ịgụ Akwụkwọ, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Gọọmentị India == Mgbasa ozi == The Economist, The Boston Globe, The Huffington Post, The World Bank, na Extreme Tech gosipụtara PlanetRead. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-04-25|title=A bolly good read|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21649537-india-tries-cheap-and-cheerful-way-teaching-people-read-bolly-good-read|work=The Economist|accessdate=2015-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Watch and learn|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/09/19/watch_and_learn/?page=1|work=Boston Globe|date=2010-09-19|accessdate=2015-10-20|first=Riddhi|author=Shah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910010517/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/09/19/watch_and_learn/?page=1|archive-date=2015-09-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-12|title=A Prime Minister Gets the Innovation Ball Rolling|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brij-kothari/a-prime-minister-gets-the_b_6139754.html|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=2015-10-20|first=Brij|author=Kothari|authorlink=Brij Kothari}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Michael|author=Trucano|date=2014-01-31|title=Bollywood Karaoke and Same Language Subtitling to Promote Literacy|work=EduTech|publisher=World Bank|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/edutech/bollywood-karaoke|accessdate=2017-09-16|archivedate=2017-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005020447/http://blogs.worldbank.org/edutech/bollywood-karaoke}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Nicola|author=Davies|date=2015-06-12|title=Keeping it simple: The next technology revolution|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/207985-keeping-it-simple-the-next-technology-revolution|work=ExtremeTech|accessdate=2015-10-20}}</ref>Onye bụbu onye isi ala US Bill Clinton kwukwara banyere mkpa PlanetRead na Same Language Subtitling dị. PlanetRead emeela ọtụtụ nnyocha na-egosi mmetụta dị mma nke Otu Asụsụ Subtitling. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.same-language-subtitling.com/research.html|title=Research on Same-Language-Subtitling|accessdate=2017-09-16|work=Same-Language-Subtitling}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SLS Group|work=PlanetRead|url=http://www.planetread.org/sls|accessdate=2017-09-16}}</ref>Nnyocha ha kachasị ọhụrụ bụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2015. PlanetRead nwekwara oge ngosi ha niile na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Programs that have been telecast with Same Language Subtitling|work=PlanetRead|url=http://www.planetread.org/slsprograms|accessdate=2017-09-16}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * BookBox * Ịgụ na ide na India == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị [[Òtù:Wiki activate SDG]] fpharlrupvnvjbyw3lovk3g9yo5mel1 0 32500 728346 723497 2026-09-26T23:30:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rowland Reading Foundation''' bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke dị na [[Wisconsin]]" id="mwBg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Middleton, Wisconsin">Middleton, Wisconsin. N'ịbụ nke Pleasant Rowland guzobere na 2004, ọ na-akwalite Rowland Reading Program, gụnyere Superkids Reading Program na Happily Ever After, mmemme njikere ịgụ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rowlandreading.org/|title=Superkids Reading Program|publisher=Rowlandreading.org|date=|accessdate=2010-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Unger|first=Scott|url=http://www.state-journal.com/news/article/4467667|title=Reading program has kids two years ahead|work=The State Journal|date=2008-11-16|accessdate=2010-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&p_theme=mwsb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=11A99052806F8E98&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|first=Bill|author=Glauber|title=American Girl founder's makeover of upstate N.Y. town rankles some locals|work=Journal Sentinel|date=July 23, 2007|quote=She also contributed millions to fund the Rowland Reading Foundation to provide phonics-based reading programs for schoolchildren.|accessdate=2010-04-18|archivedate=2011-06-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609011530/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&p_theme=mwsb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=11A99052806F8E98&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Geoff|author=Rands|url=http://www.marshallnews.com/story/1464164.html|title=Local News: New teachers, new program to help St. Peter kids excel at reading|work=[[Marshall Democrat-News]]|date=September 24, 2008|accessdate=2010-04-18|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721082645/http://www.marshallnews.com/story/1464164.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010, Ntọala ahụ malitere mkpọsa mgbasa ozi iji gbaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Wisconsin ume ịnakwere mmemme ọgụgụ Superkids.<ref>''e.g.,'' full page advertisement in the Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Leader-Telegram newspaper.</ref> N'afọ 2015, Foundation mara ọkwa na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ bụ Zaner-Bloser zụrụ Superkids Reading Program.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Journal|first=Dennis Punzel {{!}} Wisconsin State|title=Ohio firm buys Rowland Reading Foundation's Superkids|url=https://madison.com/business/ohio-firm-buys-rowland-reading-foundations-superkids/article_d4461190-146d-5e5d-8235-94a2f5d59767.html|accessdate=2020-12-29|work=madison.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201161642/https://madison.com/business/ohio-firm-buys-rowland-reading-foundations-superkids/article_d4461190-146d-5e5d-8235-94a2f5d59767.html|archive-date=2022-12-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} qplxzsv9l9cezok8fa0283nc2pyhvkz 0 32592 728247 723131 2026-09-26T15:56:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Giver bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo [[Utopia]] dystopian nke afọ 1993 nke Lois Lowry dere, nke e debere na ọha mmadụ nke na mbụ yiri ka ọ bụ utopian mana ekpughere na ọ bụ dystopian ka akụkọ ahụ na-aga n'ihu. N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, ọha mmadụ ewepụla ihe mgbu na esemokwu site na ịtọghata na "Sameness", atụmatụ nke kpochapụrụ mmetụta uche dị omimi na ndụ ha. Na mgbalị iji chekwaa usoro, ọha mmadụ enweghịkwa ụcha ọ bụla, ihu igwe, ala, na ezi mmetụta nke ịha nhata. A họọrọ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke akụkọ ahụ, nwa nwoke dị afọ iri na abụọ aha ya bụ Jonas, ka ọ keta ọnọdụ nke onye na-anabata ncheta, onye na-echekwa ihe ncheta niile nke oge tupu Sameness. Jonas na-alụ ọgụ na echiche nke mmetụta ọhụrụ na ihe ndị a na-ewebata ya, na ma ha dị mma, ihe ọjọọ, ma ọ bụ n'etiti, na ma ọ ga-ekwe omume inwe otu na-enweghị nke ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pavlos|first=Suzanne|title=The Giver - Book Summary|url=http://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/g/the-giver/book-summary|accessdate=March 8, 2016|work=[[CliffsNotes]]}}</ref> The Giver meriri 1994 Newbery Medal ma ree ihe karịrị nde iri na abụọ n'ụwa niile. <ref>{{Cite news|author=McClurg|first=Jocelyn|date=July 10, 2014|title=Book Buzz: Movie boosts sales of Lowry's 'The Giver'|work=[[USA Today]]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2014/07/10/the-giver-usa-today-best-selling-books-list-lois-lowry-movie/12379163/|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>Nnyocha nke 2012 site na School Library Journal họpụtara ya dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụaka nke anọ kachasị mma n'oge niile. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bird|first=Betsy|date=June 23, 2012|title=Top 100 Children's Novels #4: The Giver by Lois Lowry|url=https://afuse8production.slj.com/2012/06/23/top-100-childrens-novels-4-the-giver-by-lois-lowry/|accessdate=September 20, 2022|work=[[School Library Journal]]}}</ref>Ọ bụ isiokwu nke nnukwu nyocha ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị ọkà mmụta tụlere isiokwu nke ncheta, okpukpe, agba, na eugenics n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Na [[Ostraliya|Australia]], Canada, na United States, a chọrọ ya n'ọtụtụ ndepụta ọgụgụ isi na ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti, mana a na-agbakwa ya ihe ịma aka ugboro ugboro. <ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Malley|first=Sheila|date=August 15, 2014|title=The Giver Review|language=en|work=RogerEbert.com|publisher=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-giver-2014|accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref>Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ # 11 na ndepụta nke American Library Association nke akwụkwọ ndị a kacha ịma aka na 1990s, nọ n'ọkwa # 23 na 2000s, ma nọrọ n'ọkwá # 61 na 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 26, 2013|title=100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999 &#124; Banned & Challenged Books|url=https://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/decade1999|accessdate=October 29, 2015|work=[[American Library Association]]|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 26, 2013|title=Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009|url=https://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/decade2009|accessdate=September 20, 2022|work=[[American Library Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 9, 2020|title=Top 100 Most Banned and Challenged Books: 2010-2019|url=https://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/decade2019|accessdate=September 20, 2022|work=[[American Library Association]]}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bụ ''Nwa'' mbụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ anọ a maara dị ka ''The Giver Quartet'', ya na akwụkwọ atọ sochirinụ n'otu eluigwe na ala: Gathering Blue (2000), Messenger (2004), na Son (2012). <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Giver Quartet|url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/lists/the-giver-quartet|accessdate=September 20, 2022|work=[[Common Sense Media]]}}</ref>N'afọ 2014, e wepụtara Ihe nkiri, nke Jeff Bridges, Meryl Streep, Ndị Brenton Thwaites gosipụtara. == Atụmatụ == Jonas, nwata nwoke dị afọ iri na abụọ, bi n'obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ na mmadụ niile ma e wezụga obodo ole na ole yiri ya, ebe onye ọ bụla site na obere ụmụ ọhụrụ ruo na Chief Elder nwere ọrụ e kenyere. Site na emume iri na abụọ na-abịanụ kwa afọ, ọ na-atụ ụjọ, n'ihi na a ga-enye ya ọrụ ndụ ya. Ọ na-achọ mmesi obi ike site n'aka nna ya, onye Nọọsụ (onye na-elekọta ụmụ ọhụrụ, ndị a na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa), na nne ya, onye ọrụ na Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi. A gwara ya na ndị okenye, ndị na-enye ụmụaka ọrụ ha, ziri ezi mgbe niile. Ụbọchị ahụ mechara rute, Jonas na ụmụ klas ya gbakọtara n'usoro ọmụmụ. Onye isi okenye, onye na-eduzi, na mbụ na-agafe oge Jonas ma na ngwụcha emume ahụ na-akọwa na enyeghị Jonas ọrụ dị mma, kama a họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-anabata ncheta ọzọ. Ọnọdụ onye nnata nwere ọnọdụ dị elu na ibu ọrụ, Jonas na-ahụ onwe ya n'oge na-adịghị anya na ụmụ klas ya. Iwu Jonas na-anabata ya nkewa, ebe ọ bụ na ha anaghị ekwe ka ya na ndị enyi ya na-egwuri egwu ma chọọ ka ọ debe ọzụzụ ya na nzuzo. Ha na-enyekwa ya ohere ịgha ụgha ma gbochie mmetụta ya n'ebe ezinụlọ ya nọ, ihe ndị a na-ekweghị n'ozuzu ha n'ime obodo ahụ. Ozugbo ọ malitere ya, ọzụzụ Jonas na-eme ka o doo anya na ọ pụrụ iche, n'ihi na onye na-anabata ncheta bụ naanị nke ahụ - onye na-ebu ibu nke ncheta site na akụkọ ihe mere eme niile, na onye bụ naanị onye e nyere ohere ịnweta akwụkwọ karịrị akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ iwu nyere ezinụlọ ọ bụla. Onye nata ugbu a, onye rịọrọ Jonas ka ọ kpọọ ya Onye Nnye, na-amalite usoro nke ịnyefe ncheta ndị ahụ na Jonas, n'ihi na onye nkịtị nọ na Community amaghị ihe ọ bụla banyere oge gara aga. Ihe ncheta ndị a, na ịbụ naanị onye otu Community nyere ohere ịnweta akwụkwọ gbasara oge gara aga, na-enye onye nnata echiche iji nye ndị okenye ndụmọdụ. Ihe ncheta mbụ bụ nke na-agbadata n'elu ugwu snow kpuchiri n'elu sled, obi ụtọ mere ka ọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na Jonas ahụtụbeghị sled, ma ọ bụ snow, ma ọ bụrụ ugwu - n'ihi na a hapụrụ ncheta nke ọbụna ihe ndị a iji hụ na nchekwa na nkwekọrịta (nke a na-akpọ Sameness). Ọbụna agba enyefeela, onye na-enye onyinye ahụ na-egosi Jonas eke na egwurugwu. N'ụzọ na-adịchaghị mma, ọ na-enye Jonas ncheta nke agụụ na agha, ihe ndị na-abụghị nke nwata nwoke ahụ. Ihe na-echegbu onwe ya banyere ọzụzụ Jonas bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na onye na-enye onyinye nwere onye mmụta, aha ya bụ Rosemary, mana nwata nwoke ahụ hụrụ ndị mụrụ ya na onye na ya na-achọghị ikwurịta ihe mere ya. Nna Jonas na-echegbu onwe ya banyere nwa ọhụrụ nọ na Nurturing Center nke na-agaghị enwe ọganihu ma nata ikike pụrụ iche iji kpọbata ya n'ụlọ n'abalị. Aha nwa ahụ ga-abụ Gabriel ma ọ bụrụ na o siri ike iji kenye ya n'ezinụlọ. O nwere anya na-acha odo odo, dị ka Jonas na onye na-enye ya. Jonas na-enwe mmasị na ya, ọkachasị mgbe Jonas chọpụtara na ọ nwere ike ịnata ihe ncheta. Ọ bụrụ na Gabriel anaghị amụba n'ike, a ga-ahapụ ya n'obodo - n'okwu nkịtị, were ya n'ebe ọzọ. Nke a emeela onye na-anya ụgbọelu na-adịghị agafe agafe, ndị na-emebi iwu, ndị agadi, na onye na-amụ Rosemary. Mgbe Jonas na-akọ nkọ banyere ndụ na Elsewhere, onye na-enye ya ihe na-akụziri ya site n'igosi nwa okorobịa zoro ezo vidiyo nke nna Jonas na-arụ ọrụ ya: ịtọhapụ nwa okorobịa nke ejima abụọ a mụrụ ọhụrụ site na ọgwụ na-egbu egbu tupu etinye ya na nsị mkpofu, ebe ọ bụ na a machibidoro ndị otu obodo iwu. Enweghị ebe ọzọ maka ndị obodo ahụ na-achọghị - ndị a sịrị na "a tọhapụrụ" ka e gburu. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-ewere nna ya dị ka onye ogbu mmadụ, Jonas jụrụ na mbụ ịlaghachi n'ụlọ, mana Onye Na-enye ya mere ka o kwenye na na-enweghị ncheta, ndị obodo ahụ enweghị ike ịma na ihe a zụrụ ha ime ezighi ezi. Rosemary enweghị ike ịtachi obi na ncheta ndị gbara ọchịchịrị nke oge gara aga ma jiri nsí gbuo onwe ya. Jonas na onye na-enye ya na-eme atụmatụ iji weghachite ncheta obodo ka ha wee mara ebe ha gara. Ha abụọ kwekọrịtara na Jonas ga-ahapụ obodo ahụ wee weghachite ihe ncheta ha, ebe onye na-enye ya ga-anọ iji nyere ha aka ịmụta ibi na ncheta ha tupu ya esonyere nwa ya nwanyị, Rosemary, na ọnwụ. Ha na-eme atụmatụ ime ka mmiri ghara iri Jonas iji belata ọchụchọ ya, mana ọ ga-agbapụ na Gabriel, mgbe ọ matara na a ga-ahapụ nwa ahụ. Ha abụọ nọ nso ịnwụ site na oyi na agụụ mgbe ha ruru ókè nke ihe Jonas kwenyere na ọ ga-abụ Elsewhere. N'iji ikike ya "ịhụ karịa", onyinye ọ na-aghọtaghị nke ọma, ọ chọtara sled na-echere ya n'elu ugwu snow. Ya na Gabriel na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na-aga n'ụlọ jupụtara n'ìhè na okpomọkụ na ịhụnanya na osisi Krismas, na nke mbụ ọ nụrụ ihe o kwenyere na ọ ga-abụ egwu. Ọgwụgwụ ya bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka, ebe a na-egosi Jonas dị ka onye na-enwe mgbaàmà nke hypothermia. Nke a na-ahapụ ọdịnihu ya na nke Gabriel ka a ghara idozi. Otú ọ dị, ''Nwa'' kpughere ọdịnihu ha na Messenger and Son, akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị enyi e dere ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Giver Summary|url=http://www.shmoop.com/the-giver/summary.html|accessdate=October 29, 2015|work=[[Shmoop]]|publisher=|archivedate=October 23, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023123017/http://www.shmoop.com/the-giver/summary.html}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, na National Book Festival, onye edemede ahụ mere ihe ọchị n'oge ajụjụ na azịza: "Jonas dị ndụ, site n'ụzọ. Ọ dịghị mkpa ịjụ ajụjụ ahụ". == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Lowry ekwuola na akwụkwọ ya niile na-enyocha "mkpa njikọ mmadụ dị... mkpa dị mkpa maka ụmụ mmadụ ịmara na ha na-adabere, ọ bụghị naanị na ibe ha, kamakwa na ụwa na gburugburu ya. "Dị ka akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ Lowry, The Giver na-egosi mgbanwe na ndụ ndị edemede ahụ, na-egosipụta mmasị a na akụkụ dị iche iche nke itolite.<ref>Lois Lowry (1937--). (2020). In D. G. Felder, The American women's almanac: 500 years of making history. Visible Ink Press. Credo Reference.</ref><ref>Zaidman, Laura M. "Lois Lowry: Overview." Twentieth-Century Young Adult Writers, edited by Laura Standley Berger, St. James Press, 1994. Twentieth-Century Writers Series. Gale Literature Resource Center.</ref> The Giver sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke mmekọrịta Lowry na nna ya, onye, n'oké nká ya, nọgidere na-echefu banyere ọnwụ nwanne ya nwanyị ogologo oge; ọ chepụtara "akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ndị mmadụ na-anaghị echeta ahụhụ, iru uju, na ihe mgbu. " Ọ dabeere na ọnọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha a na-eche nche nke ọma ebe ọ tolitere, nna ya bụ dọkịta ezé ndị agha. <ref>Lowry, Lois. "Newbery Medal Acceptance." Children's Literature Review, edited by Linda R. Andres, vol. 46, Gale, 1998. Gale Literature Resource Center.</ref><ref name="Oxford" />O kwuru, banyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na The Giver, ha ebiela n'ụwa na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ruo ogologo oge nke na ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịhapụ ezigbo mmetụta nke na-eme ka ha bụrụ mmadụ.<ref>"Why did Lois Lowry write the book The Giver?" eNotes Editorial, 6 Feb. 2018.</ref> == Nnyocha nke isiokwu == === Ncheta === Bradford et al. na-ekwu na The Giver na-anọchite anya obodo ebe enweghị ncheta ọdịbendị na-eduga na enweghị ike izere mmejọ ọha na eze, na-egbochi obodo ịghọ ezigbo Utopia, si otú a na-enye ikike mgbanwe na ncheta mmadụ. <ref>Bradford, Clare, et al. "'Radiant with Possibility': Communities and Utopianism." New World Orders in Contemporary Children's Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, pp. 109-110.</ref>Hanson na-akọwa mgbochi nke ncheta dị ka ọchịchị aka ike ma na-ekwu na Lowry na-egosipụta ikike nnwere onwe nke ncheta na Giver. <ref>Hanson, Carter F. "The Utopian Function of Memory in Lois Lowry's the Giver." Extrapolation, vol. 50, 2009, pp. 45+. Gale Literature Resource Center; Gale.</ref>Triplett na Han na-atụ aro na ọrụ Jonas dị ka onye na-anabata ihe ncheta, na-enye ya ohere nghọta miri emi banyere mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọdịbendị ya, na-egosi izi ezi nke usoro ọgụgụ a na-enyo enyo nke na-anwa inweta ihe omimi karịa ihe dị elu.<ref>Triplett, C. C., and John J. Han. "Unmasking the Deception: The Hermeneutic of Suspicion in Lois Lowry's the Giver." Edited by John J. Han, C. C. Triplett, and Ashley G. Anthony. McFarland & Company Publishing, Jefferson, NC, 2018, pp. 120-121.</ref> === Okpukpe === Bradford et al. na-atụ aro na ngosipụta nke The Giver banyere Krismas na njedebe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-egosi na obodo dị mma na-anọchite anya Krismas ezinụlọ, ya mere na-etinye akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ dị ka onye na-agbaso omenala. <ref>Bradford, Clare, et al. "'Radiant with Possibility': Communities and Utopianism." New World Orders in Contemporary Children's Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, p. 110.</ref>Graeme Wend-Walker, onye ọkà mmụta, nyochara trilogy nke oge ahụ na 2013 site na oghere post-secular wee tụọ aro na iwepụ okpukpe kpamkpam na ọha mmadụ na ndụ nwere ike belata ikike mmadụ nwere ịnakwere ọdịiche karịa inye nnwere onwe mmadụ dịka ụfọdụ nwere ike iche. <ref>Wend-Walker, Graeme. "On the Possibility of Elsewhere: A Postsecular Reading of Lois Lowry's Giver Trilogy." Children's Literature Association Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 2, 2013, p. 139.</ref>N'ịgbagha nkwupụta Bradford, nke ga-atụ aro na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bụ nke na-agbanwe agbanwe kama ịgbanwe n'ihi ihe oyiyi okpukpe ya na nkọwa ya, ọgụgụ Wend-Walker na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-atụ aro ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nyochaa mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti nke ụwa na nke okpukpe nke na-enye ya ikike ọganihu site n'ikwe ka ikike mgbanwe nke ime mmụọ.<ref>Wend-Walker, Graeme. "On the Possibility of Elsewhere: A Postsecular Reading of Lois Lowry's Giver Trilogy." Children's Literature Association Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 2, 2013, p. p. 141.</ref> === Agba === Susan G Lea mesiri ike na otu ihe dị oké mkpa n'ụwa nke The Giver, nakwa na ọhụụ monochromatic ha na-emepụta ìsì ụcha n'ime obodo nke na-enweghị ike ịmata mmetụta nke enweghị ụcha. <ref>Lea, Susan G. "Seeing Beyond Sameness: Using the Giver to Challenge Colorblind Ideology." Children's Literature in Education, vol. 37, no. 1, 2006, pp. 51-67, p. 57.</ref>Ọ na-eji enweghị ọdịiche na ìsì agba nke obodo The Giver tụnyere àgwà ndị ìsì agba na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọdịiche agbụrụ adịghị adị, ma na-atụ aro na akwụkwọ ahụ na-egosi ụzọ ìsì agba si ehichapụ ndị agba na ahụmịhe ha site na enweghị ike ịhụ ha. <ref>Lea, Susan G. "Seeing Beyond Sameness: Using the Giver to Challenge Colorblind Ideology." Children's Literature in Education, vol. 37, no. 1, 2006, pp. 60-61.</ref>Kyoungmin na Lee na-enyocha ikike na-eto eto nke Jonas ịhụ ụcha karịa enweghị ụcha na obodo ya ma na-arụ ụka na njirimara ya na-eto ka ncheta ya na nghọta ya banyere ụcha na-eto. Ha na-atụ aro na nghọta zuru oke nke Jonas banyere agba na njedebe bụ ihe na-enye ya ohere ịhọrọ ịga ebe ọzọ dị ka onye na-achị onwe ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ nọ n'obodo ya. === Eugenics na nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa === Elizabeth Bridges na-agụ ihe na-emetụta nhazi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mmepe nke obodo homogenous, dabere na asụsụ euphemistic n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. <ref name="Bridges, Elizabeth 2014, pp. 1-19">Bridges, Elizabeth. "Nasty Nazis and Extreme Americans: Cloning, Eugenics, and the Exchange of National Signifiers in Contemporary Science Fiction." Studies in Twentieth and Twenty First Century Literature, vol. 38, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-19.</ref>Ọ na-atụ aro na ntọhapụ nke ndị na-adabaghị na nkwekọrịta ọha na eze na-anọchite anya ụzọ ndị eugenics na-eji eme ihe site na ọha mmadụ nke The Giver. <ref name="Bridges, Elizabeth 2014, pp. 1-19" />Robert Gadowski na-atụ aro na nchịkwa gọọmentị nke ahụ na-egbochi nnwere onwe ọha mmadụ. <ref>Gadowski, Robert. "Critical Dystopia for Young People: The Freedom Meme in American Young Adult Dystopian Science Fiction." Edited by Andrzej Wicher, Piotr Spyra, and Joanna Matyjaszczyk. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, 2014, pp. 154-155.</ref>Ọ na-ekwu na site na atụmatụ bio-technical, ahụ ndị mmadụ na-aghọ ụgbọ ala nke nchịkwa steeti kama ịbụ ebe ha nwere onwe ha.<ref>Gadowski, Robert. "Critical Dystopia for Young People: The Freedom Meme in American Young Adult Dystopian Science Fiction." Edited by Andrzej Wicher, Piotr Spyra, and Joanna Matyjaszczyk. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, 2014, p. 155.</ref> == Ihe odide ya pụtara na nnabata ya == Na United States, The Giver abụrụla onye a na-enye ọrụ ugboro ugboro dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, yana klọb ịgụ akwụkwọ na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ na mmemme "City Reads".<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Judith|author=Rosen|title=Many Cities, Many Picks|journal=[[Publishers Weekly]]|date=March 10, 2003}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ndị na-enyocha ya ekwuola na akụkọ ahụ enweghị ihe ọhụrụ ma o yighị ka ọ ga-eguzogide ụdị nkatọ akwụkwọ a na-eji na gburugburu "dị egwu". Ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na arịrịọ akwụkwọ ahụ nye ndị na-eto eto na-ege ntị dị oke mkpa maka iwulite ọchịchọ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na-etolite maka ịgụ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Franklin|first=Marie C.|date=February 23, 1997|title=CHILDREN'S LITERATURE: Debate continues over merit of young-adult fare|journal=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref>Karen Ray, na-ede na ''The New York Times'', na-achọpụta "ihe ezi uche dị na ya mgbe ụfọdụ", mana ọ na-agbakwụnye na akwụkwọ ahụ "n'ezie na ọ ga-eme ka ụmụaka ndị okenye na-agụ". <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ray|first=Karen|date=October 31, 1993|title=Children's Books|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/31/books/children-s-books-335293.html|journal=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>Onye edemede akụkọ ifo na-eto eto bụ Debra Doyle bụ onye nkatọ, na-ekwu na "N'akụkụ nke onwe onye, ''Onye Na-enye ya'' adaala na [akụkọ sayensị] Plausibility Test," nakwa na "Ihe bụ ụzọ ha dị [n'akwụkwọ akụkọ] n'ihi na Onye edemede ahụ na-eme A Point; ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ha si eme n'ihi n'ihi ne The Author'A Point Requires It".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Doyle|first=Debra|authorlink=Debra Doyle|title=Doyle's YA sf rant|url=http://www.sff.net/people/doylemacdonald/ya-riff.htp|accessdate=December 28, 2018|publisher=Sff.net}}</ref> Onye edemede ụmụaka Natalie Babbitt, na-ede na The Washington Post kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ"ịdọ aka ná ntị n'ụdị akụkọ," na-ekwu, sị: "A kọọrọ akụkọ ahụ n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche - Ray Bradbury's ''Fahrenheit 451'' na-abịakwute - mana ọ bụghị, na ihe ọmụma m, maka ụmụaka. Ọ bara uru ịkọwa, ọkachasị site n'aka onye edemede nke nnukwu nkà Lowry. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị oke egwu - ọ bụrụ na, n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọnọdụ ụfọdụ anaghị adịgide na nkwụsị nke ekwenye a maara nke ọma nke enweghị okwukwe - nke ọma, ya ga- Onye na- N'ihi ya, enwere m ga-asị nke a ga-asị na ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị nke ọma, ọtụtụ ndị na magazin Low ga-eche na-asị na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ a ga-agụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ dị mma, ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ kwuru na- <ref>{{Cite news|first=Natalie|author=Babbitt|authorlink=Natalie Babbitt|title=The Hidden Cost of Contentment|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=May 9, 1993|page=X15}}</ref>A na-ede akụkọ ahụ nke ọma; a na-eji nlezianya eme ihe n'ikuku. A na-egosikwa isiokwu nke ịhazi omume ọma nke nnwere onwe na nchekwa nke ọma. " === Nnyocha na United States === Onye na-enye onyinye abụwo isiokwu a na-amachibido iwu, ma ọ bụ na-anwa mmachibido iwu, n'ọbá akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ, n'ihi isiokwu ọjọọ ya na ime ihe ike. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Reece|first=Arabella|date=September 11, 2019|title=Lois Lowry, "The Giver"|url=https://bannedbooks.library.cmu.edu/lois-lowry-the-giver/#|journal=The Banned Books Project}}</ref>N'ajụjụ na nnọkọ nke afọ 2020, Lowry kwuru na arịrịọ maka mmachibido iwu na-esikarị n'aka ndị nne na nna na ndị ọzọ na-agụbeghị akwụkwọ ahụ, mana ha hụrụ naanị nkọwa ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-abụghị ihe gbara ya gburugburu; nakwa na ndị kpọrọ oku ka a machibido ya iwu agbanweela obi ha mgbe ha gụsịrị ya. Lowry ekwuola na ya na-emegide nyocha ọ bụla, nakwa na ọ dịghị akwụkwọ kwesịrị iwere dị ka ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref name="Oxford" />Ụfọdụ ekwuola na ọ bụ ihe na-emegide onwe ya nke na-achọ inyocha akwụkwọ akụkọ nke na-adọ aka ná ntị banyere nchịkwa ọha na eze na ụmụaka.<ref>Avi. "Lois Lowry's the Giver." Censored Books II. Edited by Nicholas J. Karolides. Scarecrow, Lanham, 2002. Gale Literature Resource Center; Gale.</ref><ref>Lord, Elyse. "The Giver." Novels for Students. Gale, Detroit, MI. Gale Literature Resource Center; Gale.</ref> == Onyinye, nhọpụta, na mmata == Lowry ritere ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka ọrụ ya na The Giver, gụnyere ndị a: * Ihe nrite Newbery nke afọ 1994 - Ihe nrite John Newbery (Ihe nrite) bụ nke Association for Library Service to Children nyere. A na-enye onyinye ahụ maka onyinye kachasị mma na akwụkwọ America maka ụmụaka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/newberymedal/newberyhonors/1994newberymedal|title=1994 Newbery Medal and Honor Books|date=November 30, 1999|work=Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)|accessdate=October 3, 2018|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Regina nke 1994<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cathla.org/awards/regina-medal/128-regina-medal-recipients|title=Past Regina Medal Recipients - Catholic Library Association|publisher=Cathla.org|accessdate=October 29, 2015|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120904000903/http://www.cathla.org/awards/regina-medal/128-regina-medal-recipients|archivedate=September 4, 2012}}</ref> * Ihe nrite William Allen White nke 1996<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emporia.edu/libsv/wawbookaward/winners/winner95-96.html|title=Winner 1995-1996 - William Allen White Children's Book Awards &#124; Emporia State University|publisher=Emporia.edu|accessdate=October 29, 2015|archivedate=September 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011646/http://www.emporia.edu/libsv/wawbookaward/winners/winner95-96.html}}</ref> * Ndepụta nke American Library Association maka "Akwụkwọ Kasị Mma maka Ndị Ntorobịa", "ALA Notable Children's Book", na "100 Akwụkwọ Ndị A Na-ama N'Ihe Agha nke 1990-2000." * Akwụkwọ Nsọpụrụ nke Boston Globe-Horn * Nhọrọ Ndị Nchịkọta Akwụkwọ * ''Akwụkwọ Ọbá Akwụkwọ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ'' Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ Kasị Mma nke Afọ Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2004 chọpụtara na The Giver bụ akwụkwọ a na-agụkarị maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na klas nke isii n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na San Diego County, [[California]]. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fisher, Douglas|year=2004|title=Interactive Read-Alouds: Is There a Common Set of Implementation Practices?|journal=[[The Reading Teacher]]|volume=58|issue=1|pages=8¬–17|url=http://www.fisherandfrey.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/rt-read-alouds.pdf|accessdate=August 19, 2012|doi=10.1598/rt.58.1.1|archive-date=December 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207031123/http://www.fisherandfrey.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/rt-read-alouds.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>Dabere na ntuli aka n'ịntanetị nke afọ 2007, National Education Association depụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime "Top 100 Books for Children". <ref name="NEA2007">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nea.org/grants/13154.htm/|title=Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children|author=National Education Association|year=2007|accessdate=August 19, 2012}}</ref>N'afọ 2012, a họpụtara ya n'ọkwa nke anọ n'etiti akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụaka niile na nyocha nke School Library Journal bipụtara.<ref name="SLJChapter2012">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results/|title=Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results|author=Bird, Elizabeth|publisher=A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. [[School Library Journal]] (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com)|date=July 7, 2012|accessdate=August 21, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713031015/http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results/|archivedate=July 13, 2012}}</ref> == Mgbanwe == Oregon Children's Theatre (Portland, Oregon) gosipụtara ihe nkiri nke The Giver nke Eric Coble na Machị 2006. E gosipụtara mmepụta ndị ọzọ nke otu awa nke Coble n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ihe nkiri America. Ihe nkiri ọzọ, nke Diana Basmajian dere, bụ nke Prime Stage Theatre mepụtara na 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06122/686601-42.stm|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|title=Short Takes: 'Giver' thoughtful; Pillow Project Dance super|date=May 2, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823180637/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06122/686601-42.stm|archive-date=August 23, 2007|access-date=October 28, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ron Rifkin na-agụ ederede maka mbipụta akwụkwọ ọdịyo. Lyric Opera nke Kansas City na [[Minésótạ|Minnesota]] Opera jikọtara aka ma gosipụta opera nke Susan Kander dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. E gosipụtara ya na Kansas City na Jenụwarị na Minneapolis na Eprel 27-29, 2012, ma gosipụta ya na Mee 18, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mnopera.org/wp-content/uploads/transfer/2012-05-12_the_giver_webcast_nr.pdf|title=Minnesota Opera presents webcast of Susan Kander's The Giver on May 18 and 23|publisher=Mnopera.org|accessdate=October 29, 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, a na-eme ihe nkiri egwu, na akwụkwọ nke Martin Zimmerman na egwu na okwu nke Jonah Platt na Andrew Resnick.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-jonah-platt-q-a-20171213-story.html|title=Jonah Platt on channeling his inner Beast for a holiday Beauty|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 13, 2017}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri ===    N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1994, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Bill Cosby na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri ya ASIS Productions guzobere nkwekọrịta na Lancit Media Productions iji mee ka The Giver bụrụ ihe nkiri. N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, ndị otu mmekọrịta ahụ gbanwere ma ndị otu mmepụta ahụ toro n'ibu, mana a hụrụ obere mmegharị maka ime ihe nkiri ahụ. N'otu oge, onye edemede Ed Neumeier bịanyere aka na ya iji mepụta ihe nkiri ahụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, Todd Alcott nọchiri Neumeier ma Walden Media ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta etiti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thezreview.co.uk/comingsoon/g/giverthe.htm|title=Film reviews - Giverthe|publisher=Thezreview.co.uk|accessdate=October 29, 2015|archivedate=July 2, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702201251/http://www.thezreview.co.uk/comingsoon/g/giverthe.htm}}</ref><ref>"Jeff Bridges and Lancit Media to co-produce No. 1 best seller 'THE GIVER' as feature film", ''Entertainment Editors'' September 28, 1994</ref><ref>Ian Mohr, "Walden gives 'Giver' to Neumeier", ''[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com Hollywood Reporter]'' July 10, 2003</ref> Jeff Bridges kwuru na ọ chọrọ ime ihe nkiri ahụ ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 20, na mbụ ọ chọrọ iduzi ya na nna ya Lloyd Bridges na ọrụ aha. Ọnwụ Bridges nke okenye na 1998 kagburu atụmatụ ahụ na ihe nkiri ahụ nọ n'ọgba aghara maka afọ iri na ise ọzọ. Warner Bros. zụrụ ikike ahụ na 2007 ma mechaa nye Ihe nkiri ahụ ọkụ na Disemba 2012. Jeff Bridges na-arụ ọrụ Ndị Brenton Thwaites na ọrụ Jonas. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Krasnow|first=David|title=Lois Lowry Confirms Jeff Bridges to Film The Giver|url=http://www.studio360.org/blogs/studio-360-blog/2012/dec/20/lois-lowry-confirms-jeff-bridges-to-film-the-giver/|publisher=[[Studio 360]]|accessdate=December 28, 2012|date=December 20, 2012|archive-date=December 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229140919/http://www.studio360.org/blogs/studio-360-blog/2012/dec/20/lois-lowry-confirms-jeff-bridges-to-film-the-giver/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Meryl Streep, Katie Holmes, Odeya Rush, Cameron Monaghan, Alexander Skarsgård na Taylor Swift mejupụtara ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mullins, Jenna|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2013/09/27/taylor-swift-cast-in-the-giver-with-meryl-streep/2883149/|title=Taylor Swift is a 'Giver,' not a taker|publisher=usatoday.com|date=September 27, 2013|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}</ref>A tọhapụrụ ya na North America na August 15, 2014. == Ihe odide == {{S-start}} {{s-ach|aw}} {{succession box|title=[[Newbery Medal|Newbery Medal recipient]]|before=''[[Missing May]]''|after=''[[Walk Two Moons]]''|years=1994}} {{succession box|title=Winner of the<br />[[William Allen White Children's Book Award]]|before=''[[The Man Who Loved Clowns]]''|after=''Time For Andrew''|years=1996}} {{S-end}} == Njikọ mpụga == <references responsive="0"></references> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tekag099hi31yezc3ibkvcnmib60ahf 0 32687 728334 198067 2026-09-26T22:29:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Gant''' (onye amụrụ '''Robert John Gonzalez'''; July 13, 1968) bụ onye America na-eme ihe nkiri. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya dị ka Ben Bruckner na usoro Showtime Queer as Folk .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2002/07/23/robert-gant-works-it-out|title=Robert Gant works it out|date=2002-07-23|work=www.advocate.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-06}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, Gant malitere ime ihe nkiri na mgbasa ozi telivishọn na [[Flórídạ|Florida]] wee bụrụ onye otu Screen Actors Guild mgbe ọ dị afọ zomi na otu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0903/0903pro04.html|title=Gazette {{!}} Alumni: Profiles (Sept{{!}}Oct 03)|work=www.upenn.edu|accessdate=2020-02-12}}</ref> Gant gụrụ egwu tap na jazz na American Musical Theatre Company na Tampa, Florida. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị nro na MacDill Air Force Base na onye na-eme ihe ọchị Bob Hope dị ka akụkụ nke njem USO nke Hope. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/341531380/|title=10 Nov 2000, 78 - The Tampa Tribune at Newspapers.com|work=Newspapers.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-12}}</ref>Ọ gara George D. Chamberlain High School ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1986.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Chamberlain High School Totem Yearbook|year=1986|location=Tampa, Florida|pages=103}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-aga Mahadum [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], Gant gụrụ akwụkwọ Bekee na Shakespeare na abụ. <ref name=":0"/>Ọ gara Georgetown University Law Center, ebe ọ nwetara Juris Doctor na 1993. Gant bụkwa onye otu Georgetown Gilbert &amp;amp; Sullivan Society, na-eme ihe n'ọtụtụ mmepụta ya. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Evans|first=Curtis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akauDQAAQBAJ&q=robert+gant+gilbert+and+sullivan&pg=PT30|title=Murder in the Closet: Essays on Queer Clues in Crime Fiction Before Stonewall|date=2017-01-11|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-2633-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wamu.org/story/13/04/19/georgetown_law_students_get_big_break_on_stage/|title=Georgetown Law Students Get Big Break On Stage|work=WAMU|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-12}}</ref>Gant malitere otu mmadụ isii a cappella, The MetroGnomes, nke rụrụ ọrụ na ebe ndị dị gburugburu [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=":0" /> Gant nakweere ọnọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ [[Los Angeles]] nke ụlọ ọrụ iwu mba ụwa Baker McKenzie nke dị na Chicago. Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mechiri ọfịs ya na Los Angeles n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Gant kpebiri ịchụso ime ihe nkiri na ime ihe nkiri.<ref name=":0"/> == Ọrụ == Site na 2002 ruo 2005, Gant gosipụtara Prọfesọ Ben Bruckner na usoro telivishọn Showtime Queer as Folk . Omume ya lụrụ di na nwunye mbụ iwu kwadoro nke e gosipụtara na telivishọn America.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hallmarkchannel.com/Wedding-of-Dreams/cast/Robert-Gant|title=Robert Gant as Noah on Wedding of Dreams|work=Hallmark Channel|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, Gant pụtara na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Billy's Dad is a Fudgepacker, nkwanye ugwu maka ihe nkiri agụmakwụkwọ nke afọ 1950, nke gosipụtara na Sundance Film Festival. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/billys-dad-is-a-fudge-packer/|title=BILLY'S DAD IS A FUDGE-PACKER {{!}} Film Threat|date=2005-02-04|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref>N'afọ 2005, Gant bụ usoro a na-eme mgbe niile na ihe nkiri BBC 3-mepụtara Personal Affairs, nke e debere na ngalaba ego nke [[London]] ma mee ihe nkiri na London na Scotland. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.powerupfilms.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3:billys-dad-is-a-fudge-packer&catid=1:features-and-shorts&Itemid=8|title=BILLY'S DAD IS A FUDGE-PACKER|work=www.powerupfilms.org|accessdate=2020-02-13|archivedate=2016-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816152329/http://powerupfilms.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3:billys-dad-is-a-fudge-packer&catid=1:features-and-shorts&Itemid=8}}</ref>Gant bụ naanị onye America n'ime ndị Briten niile.<ref name=":1"/> Gant bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta Mythgarden. Ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 2007 bụ Save Me, ihe nkiri a na-eme na ndabere nke ozi nwoke na nwoke, kpakpando Gant tinyere Judith Light na Chad Allen ma gosipụta ya na Sundance Film Festival. <ref name=":1"/>O sokwa mepụta, dee, ma mee ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri oge nke Netflix na-ekesa ''Milada'', ezigbo akụkọ nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Czech Milada Horáková, onye gọọmentị Kọmunist gburu na 1950.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americancinemathequecalendar.com/content/milada|title=MILADA {{!}} American Cinematheque|work=americancinemathequecalendar.com|accessdate=2020-02-13|archivedate=2020-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213025044/http://americancinemathequecalendar.com/content/milada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://n.noovie.com/people/robert-gant-210367|title=Robert Gant|work=Noovie|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13|archivedate=2020-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213025048/https://n.noovie.com/people/robert-gant-210367}}</ref> Gant gosipụtara onye nledo mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn, Kiss Me Deadly, nke a gbara n'ebe dị na New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405072446/http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archivedate=2019-04-05|title=6951 - Robert Gant: The spying game - Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News Archive - Windy City Times|date=2019-04-05|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref name="Robert Gant, action man">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebar.com/arts_&_culture/television//75155|title=Robert Gant, action man|work=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref>Gant gosipụtara nna Kryptonian nke Melissa Benoist bụ Zor-El na ''Supergirl'', Todd Crimsen na usoro Netflix 13 Reasons Why, na Jim Hunter na The Fosters na usoro ya Good Trouble. <ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thepcprinciple.com/?p=12163|title=Interview: Robert Gant|author=DigitalCavalry|date=2018-09-08|work=The PC Principle|language=english|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2019/09/18/good-trouble-the-fosters-family-reunion-christmas-special-photo/|title=Good Trouble Reunites Entire Fosters Family for Christmas Special — PHOTO|author=Gelman|first=Vlada|date=2019-09-18|work=TVLine|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.multichannel.com/news/freeform-end-fosters-three-night-series-finale-418663|title=Freeform to End 'The Fosters' With Three-Night Series Finale|author=Umstead|first=R. Thomas|work=Multichannel|date=14 March 2018|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soaps.sheknows.com/the-young-and-the-restless/news/550082/video-robert-gant-good-trouble-holiday-special/|title=Video: Robert Gant Joins 'Good Trouble' Ahead of Holiday Special|author=Young|first=Candace|date=2019-09-24|work=Soaps.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref>Tupu Queer as Folk, Gant laghachiri dị ka Principal Calvin Krupps na usoro telivishọn mbụ nke Ryan Murphy, Popular, na ọrụ ugboro ugboro dị ka enyi nwoke Caroline Trevor na Caroline in the City.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Robert Gant {{!}} TV Guide">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/robert-gant/credits/190833|title=Robert Gant {{!}} TV Guide|work=TVGuide.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213025051/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/robert-gant/credits/190833/|archive-date=2020-02-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.dailynews.com/outinhollywood/2008/05/03/my-interview-with-robert-gant/|title=My interview with Robert Gant…|author=Hern|first=Greg|date=2008-05-03|work=Out in Hollywood|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Gant nwere ọrụ ndị ọbịa na ihe ngosi telivishọn Friends, ebe ọ na-eme otu n'ime ụmụ nwoke abụọ Phoebe na-eme mkpapụ n'otu oge. Nwoke nke ọzọ bụ onye Queer na-eme ihe nkiri Folk, Matt Battaglia, na-eme Phoebe. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/>Onye ọbịa Gant gosipụtara na Melrose Place, ''Becker'', ọtụtụ ihe ngosi metụtara ''CSI'', Caroline in the City, na Criminal Minds. <ref name="Robert Gant, action man"/><ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Robert Gant {{!}} TV Guide"/>N'afọ 2013, o gosipụtara Captain Robert Norton na Dead Space 3, nke atọ na usoro Egwuregwu vidio Dead Space nke Electronic Arts wepụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/dead-space-3/credits|title=Dead Space 3 (2013) Windows credits|work=MobyGames|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'ajụjụ ọnụ nke magazin The Advocate bipụtara, Gant pụtara dị ka nwoke na-edina nwoke n'afọ 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405072446/http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archivedate=2019-04-05|title=6951 - Robert Gant: The spying game - Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News Archive - Windy City Times|date=2019-04-05|accessdate=2020-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmQEAAAAMBAJ&q=robert+gant+comes+out+as+gay+advocate+2002&pg=PA4|title=The Advocate|date=2002-09-17|publisher=Here Publishing|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGQEAAAAMBAJ&q=robert+gant+comes+out+as+gay+advocate+august+2002&pg=PA11|title=The Advocate|date=2002-08-20|publisher=Here Publishing|language=en}}</ref> Gant na-akwado òtù ndị dị ka Services & Advocacy for LGBT Elders (SAGE) na Gay & Lesbian Elder Housing (GLEH). == Akụkụ nke ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |''Obodo ukwu: Los Angeles'' |Onye uwe ojii B | |- |''Jane Street'' |Jay | |- |1997 |''Hercules'' | |Ihe nkiri vidio |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |''Ịkụzi Ihe Oriakụ Tingle'' |Prọfesọ | |- |''Nkwekọrịta ahụ'' |Gene Collins | |- |2002 |''Mmalite na Mmalite'' |Ian | |- | rowspan="2" |2004 |''Marie na Bruce'' |Onye na-ere nri | |- |''Nna Billy bụ onye na-etinye ihe n'akpa!'' |Nna Billy |Dị mkpirikpi |- | rowspan="2" |2007 |''Zọpụta M'' |Scott |Onye na-emepụta ihe |- |''Na-ebi ndụ!'' |Onye nduzi | |- |2012 |''Joshua Tree, 1951: Ihe osise nke James Dean'' |Ian | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Ịhụnanya Ọ bụ Ihe Nile Ị Chọrọ?'' |Pete Santilli | |- |''Ịdị gịrịgịrị'' |Vince Davi | |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Otu Nde Obi Ụtọ'' |Dr. Hansen | |- |''Milada'' |Bohuslav Horák |Onye edemede na onye na-emepụta |- |2021 |''Map nke obere ihe zuru oke'' |Onye Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe Dave | |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="3" |1994 |''Ellen'' |Dr. Garber |Ihe omume: "Dentist" |- |''Ihe A Na-akpọ Ndụ M'' |Gunther |Ihe omume: "Nrụgide" |- |''Ebe a na-akpọ Melrose'' |Onye na-ere nri |Ihe omume: "Kwuo Mba" |- | rowspan="2" |1995 |''Nrọ M Kasị Ukwuu'' |Stewart |Ihe omume: "Nwanne nwanyị Mister" |- |''Nzọụkwụ site na Nzọụkwụ'' |Onye Ọkụ Ọkụ |Ihe omume: "Ụmụ agbọghọ na nwa ọhụrụ" |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |''Nnukwu Mmiri'' |Mason |Ihe omume: "Ndị Enyi Ochie" |- |''Ebe a na-akpọ Melrose'' |Onye osote Tom |Ihe omume: "Ịkwaga mmebi iwu" |- | rowspan="7" |1997 |''Townies'' |Nwoke |Ihe omume: "Ihe ị ga-eme na Gloucester Mgbe Ị Nwụrụ Anwụ" |- |''Ndụ ya na Roger'' |Rod Davis |Ihe omume: "Nupụisi ndị ọkpọ" |- |''Ndị Enyi'' |Jason |Ihe omume: "Onye nwere ihe Ross" |- |''Hangin' na Maazị Cooper'' |Onye na-ere nri |Ihe omume: "Party, Party" |- |''Ihe Ndị Na-eme ka Ọka kpọnwụọ'' |Kevin |Ihe omume: "Night of the Parrot" |- |''Isi n'elu ụkwụ'' |Blake |Ihe omume: "Hot Guy" |- |''Ogige abalị'' |Frank Thatcher |Ihe omume: "Ahapụ Ọrụ Gị ma ọ bụ M Na-ahapụ Gị" |- |1997–98 |''Caroline n'obodo'' |Trevor |Ihe omume 9 |- | rowspan="2" |1998 |''Ụdị &amp;amp; Ihe Ndị Dị na ya'' |Matiu |Ihe omume: "Terry, anyị amaghị gị" |- |''Agwaetiti Fantasy'' |Dave Sullivan |Ihe omume: "Estrogen" |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |''Becker'' |Doug |Ihe omume: "Cyrano De-Beckerac" |- |''Ịkpọte n'Ọchịchị'' |Jim |Ihe omume: "Ịkwụsị na-eme ka Obi na-eto eto" |- | rowspan="2" |2000 |''Linc'' |Dr. Brad Wheeler |Ihe omume: "Achọrọ m ịgba akaebe" |- |''Akpa Veronica'' |Bernie |Ihe omume: "Veronica Set Josh Up" |- |2000–01 |''Ndị a ma ama'' |Calvin Krupps |Ihe omume iri na otu |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''V.I.P.'' |Arthur Goodwin |Ihe omume: "Val Cubed" |- |''Nkwado'' |Nwoke Na-alụ Nwoke |Ihe omume: "Ọ na-ezo ndị ikom" |- |2002–05 |''Ndị na-eme ihe ike dị ka ndị mmadụ'' |Prọfesọ Ben Bruckner |Ihe omume 55 |- |2005 |''Ihe dị nso'' |Julian Carver |Ihe omume: "Agha" |- |2006 |''Pepper Dennis'' |Benny Gold |Ihe omume: "Anya A Ma Ama Pụrụ Ịkwụ N'elu" |- |2007 |''CSI: Nnyocha nke Ebe Mpụ'' |Lewis Greyburg |Ihe omume: "Anya efu" |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |''Nip/Tuck'' |Jeff Morris |Ihe omume: "Magda na Jeff" |- |''Isusu m ọnụ nke ukwuu'' |Jacob Keane |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |''Nkwado Pụrụ Iche'' |Nate Spencer |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- | rowspan="6" |2009 |''Rick &amp;amp; Steve: Di na Nwunye Na-enwe Obi Ụtọ n'Ụwa Nile'' |Onye isi obodo Mayer |Olu; Ihe omume: "Nanị Onye Na-aga n'Otu n'Obodo" |- |''CSI: NY'' |Felix Redman |Ihe omume: "Green Piece" |- |''Ọnọdụ Union nke Tracey Ullman'' |Buzz |Ihe omume: "Fuzzy Cheeks" |- |''Ihe gbasara onwe onye'' |Rock van Gelder |Ihe omume 5 |- |''Obí Eze'' |Ron Bigby |Ihe omume: "Deep in Death" |- |''CSI: Miami'' |Lloyd Arrington |Ihe omume: "Onye iro na-eweghara ọchịchị" |- | rowspan="3" |2010 |''Ọkpụkpụ'' |Jason Hendler |Ihe omume: "Dentist in the Ditch" |- |''Okpomọkụ na Cleveland'' |Steve |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị ọmụmụ" |- |''90210'' |Dr. Wright |Ihe omume: "Jide m ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-agba égbè" |- | rowspan="4" |2011 |''Mike na Molly'' |Kyle |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị Valentine nke Mbụ" |- |''Ịgba alụkwaghịm Obi Ụtọ'' |Mark |Ihe omume: "A Kiss Is Just a Kiss" |- |''Ndụ Nzuzo nke Onye Ntorobịa America'' |Maazị Martin |Ihe omume: "4-1-1" |- |''Ndụ M Dị ka Nnwale'' |Craig Rolle |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Ndị Nnwere Onwe'' |Mak |Ihe omume: "Ụmụaka nwere ike ịdị mma" |- |''Enweghị ihere'' |Greg Garvin |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị Nna" |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |''Vegas'' |Rick Kent |Ihe omume: "Site n'ụbọchị a gaa n'ihu" |- |''NCIS'' |Mike Dunkel |Ihe omume: "Detour" |- |''Nchịkwa Iwe'' |Dr. Konner |Ihe omume: "Charlie na Hot Nerd" |- |''Nwa Nna'' |Steve |Ihe omume: "Kpọọ" |- |''Sean Na-azọpụta Ụwa'' |Ịchụ nta |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị Atụmanya" |- |2013–17 |''Ndị Na-eto Eto na Ndị Na-enweghị Nkwụsị'' |David Sherman |Ihe omume iri na isii |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Ndị Echiche'' |Peter MacKenzie |Ihe omume: "The Citadel"Ihe omume: "Sitting Ducks"<br /> |- |''Kpatụ Ala'' |Louis Jason |Ihe omume: "Full-Court Press" |- |2015 |''Uche Ndị Omume'' |Miles Tate |Ihe omume: "Lockdown" |- |2015–16 |''Supergirl'' |Zor-El |Ihe omume 4 |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''K.C. N'okpuru nzuzo'' |Onye isi ala Jackson Cleveland |Ihe omume: "Ihe mberede ga-eme" Ihe omume: 'Brainwashed'<br /> |- |''Oge Ọchịchị nke Nrọ'' |Noah Burns |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |''Nwanyị America'' |Tim Donohue |Ihe omume: "Krampus Katie" |- |2017 |''Hawaii Ise-0'' |Thomas Stratham |Ihe omume: "Huikau na Mannaka na Lawai'a" |- |2017–20 |''13 Ihe Mere E Si N"'' |Todd Crimsen |Ihe omume 6 |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Ndị Na-akwado ya'' |Jim Hunter |Ihe omume 3 |- |''Agbamakwụkwọ nke Nrọ'' |Noah Burns |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ihe Mere Ụmụ nwanyị Na-egbu'' |Dale Clark |Ihe omume: "Ị nwere m na igbu ọchụ" Ihe omume: 'Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ na-egbu egbu n'ụzọ ọ bụla"<br /> |- |''Mbilite n'Ọnwụ'' |Daniel Fox |Ihe omume: "Maricela na Ọzara" |- |2019–21 |''Nsogbu Dị Mma'' |Jim Hunter |Ihe omume 3 |- |2021 |''NCIS: Los Angeles'' |Ron Lewis |Ihe omume: "Ihe A rụzuru" |- |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5cgcgn6efgkchmrr8rgk37ir3jvmfv9 0 32775 728327 139647 2026-09-26T22:14:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Riyo Mori (amụrụ na Disemba 24, 1986) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Japan, onye na-agba egwu, ihe nlereanya na eze nwanyị mara mma nke e kpuwere okpueze [[Miss Universe 2007]] na Mexico City. == Ndụ onwe onye == Riyo Mori bụ naanị nwa ọ mụrụ, ọ malitere ịgba egwú mgbe ọ dị afọ 4. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Japan's Miss Universe candidate snares top spot in entertainment news|publisher=Mainichi Daily News|date=2007-03-23}}</ref>Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Quinte Ballet School of Canada ma bụrụkwa onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Centennial Secondary School na [[Ontario]]" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Belleville, Ontario">Belleville, Ontario, Canada. Mori gụchara afọ 11 ya na Mount Douglas Secondary School na Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Ọ ka nwere akpụkpọ ụkwụ mbụ ya. N'August 28, 2018, ọ lụrụ Brent Kaspar, onye ọka iwu America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ngoisao.net/hau-truong/hoa-hau-riyo-mori-toi-ket-hon-sau-chua-day-1-thang-quen-anh-ay-3902260.html|title=Hoa hậu Riyo Mori: 'Tôi kết hôn sau chưa đầy 1 tháng quen anh ấy'}}</ref>Ha nwere nwa nwanyị. == Miss Universe 2007 == Mori nwetara okpueze Miss Universe na Mee 28, 2007, site n'aka onye na-apụ apụ Zuleyka Rivera.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ballet dancer chosen to represent Japan in Miss Universe contest|publisher=Mainichi Daily News|date=2007-03-16}}</ref> Na asọmpi ikpeazụ, nke a na-agbasa na mba ụwa na Mee 28, 2007, a mara ọkwa Mori dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri na ise na-agba ọsọ nke ga-aga n'ihu iji sọọ mpi maka aha ahụ. O nwetara akara kachasị elu na asọmpi ejiji mmiri, nke mere ka ọ banye n'elu iri na asọmpi uwe mgbede, ebe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke anọ. Uwe mgbede ojii / okooko osisi nke Mori họọrọ sitere na nchịkọta Gucci nke oge opupu ihe ubi / oge okpomọkụ 2007. [[Usòrò:Riyo_Mori_at_Miss_Universe_2007_by_David_Light_Orchard.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Riyo Mori, na Mexico City]] N'agba nke ikpeazụ, onye nduzi ejiji nke magazin Elle na onye ọka ikpe Project Runway bụ Nina Garcia gwara Mori ka ọ kwuo maka otu nkuzi ọ mụtara dị ka nwatakịrị nke ka na-emetụta ndụ ya. Mori kwuru na site na nwata ọ na-agba egwú ma ya mere ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi na-agba ya gburugburu mgbe niile. N'ihi mmekọrịta ya na ha, ọ mụtara ịghọ onye obi ụtọ, onye nwere ndidi, na onye nwere obi ụtọ na ndụ ya. O gosikwara ọchịchọ ịkụziri ọgbọ na-esote ụkpụrụ ndị a. Na ngwụcha asọmpi ahụ, e chiri ya okpueze Miss Universe, na-aghọ nwanyị nke abụọ si Japan iji jide aha ahụ. Onye mmeri mbụ nke Miss Universe si Japan bụ Akiko Kojima na 1959. Mori bụ nwanyị Eshia nke iri na otu meriri asọmpi ahụ. Mori bụ nwanyị Japan nke atọ nọ n'elu ise na Miss Universe n'ime afọ iri gara aga. Miyako Miyazaki bụ onye nke anọ na Miss Universe 2003, onye bu Mori ụzọ bụ Kurara Chibana bụ onye nke abụọ na 2006. Mori na-ezube iji ihe ịga nke ọma ya na ewu ewu ya dị ka ihe ndabere n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ebere. "Echere m na enwere m mkpụrụ obi samurai, enwere m ndidi nke ukwuu, enwere m ike ijere ndị ọzọ ozi. " Ka ọ na-erule Mee 2008, Mori gara Indonesia, Spain, Bahamas, St. Kitts na Nevis, China, Mexico, Canada, Germany, Vietnam, France, [[Monako|Monaco]], [[San Marino]], Russia na Italy na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ njem na nloghachi ya na Japan. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,280353,00.html |title=FoxNews.com - Mori Says She Has 'Samurai Soul' |access-date=2023-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202205311/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,280353,00.html |archive-date=2008-12-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Ọ gakwara ọtụtụ obodo na United States. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iweylv79p8dr7ywi79wa0xe6zlmd6wa 0 33962 728329 723448 2026-09-26T22:22:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728329 wikitext text/x-wiki   <ref>{{Cite news|author=Andrew Hadfield|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/mar/01/robert-welch|title=Robert Welch obituary|work=The Guardian|date=1 March 2013|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref>'''Robert Anthony Welch''' (25 Nọvemba 1947 - 3 Febụwarị 2013) bụ onye edemede na ọkà mmụta Irish. == Akụkọ ndụ == Robert Anthony Welch bụ prọfesọ emeritus nke Bekee na onye bụbu dean nke ngalaba na Mahadum Ulster. <ref name="Obituary">{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/obituary-robert-welch-1.1327695|title=Obituary: Robert Welch|work=[[The Irish Times]]|date=March 16, 2013}}</ref> sonyeere mahadum ahụ na 1984 dị ka prọfesọ nke Bekee na onye isi nke School of English, Media, and Theatre Studies, ebe ọ kụziri na School of English na Mahadum nke Leeds, na [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum nke Ife]] na Naịjirịa. A mụrụ ya na Cork, [[Ireland]] ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum College Cork ma mesịa na Mahadim Leeds . <ref name="Obituary"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leeds.ac.uk/forstaff/news/article/3723/robert_welch|accessdate=28 August 2023|title=Non-invasive device could end daily finger pricking for people with diabetes}}</ref> nwetara nzere masta ya na Mahadum Cork n'okpuru Sean Lucy wee gaa gụọ akwụkwọ maka Ph.D. ya n'okpuru onye ọkà mmụta Yeats Norman Jeffares na Mahadum Leeds, [1] ebe o nwekwara nkuzi na Bekee. Nnyocha lekwasịrị anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọdịnala Gaelic na uri Irish n'asụsụ Bekee, mpaghara ebe ọ nwetara nkwanye ùgwù zuru oke na nke e nyere aha pụrụ iche na ntinye nke dugara na nhọpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Royal Irish Academy [1] na 2008. Welch lụrụ Angela O'Riordan, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ anọ, gụnyere onye nduzi ihe nkiri Rachel O'Ri Jordan . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/features/interviews/2016/rachel-oriordan-i-see-sherman-cymru-as-the-major-producing-theatre-in-wales/|title=Rachel O'Riordan: 'I see Sherman Cymru as the major producing theatre in Wales' - Interviews - The Stage|date=29 January 2016|work=thestage.co.uk|accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> Onye edemede na onye na-ede uri yana onye nkatọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Welch bipụtara The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature [1] na 1996, akwụkwọ nke pụtara na ndepụta ndị kacha ere ahịa.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2018)">better<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>source<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup><ref name="MCS Clients">{{Cite web|url=http://mccarthycreative.com/clients.htm|title=MCS Clients|accessdate=19 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830052552/http://www.mccarthycreative.com/clients.htm|archivedate=30 August 2012}}</ref> == Abụ uri == Mpịakọta mbụ Welch bipụtara bụ Muskerry (1991, Dedalus Press), Secret Societies (1997, Dedalus Press) na The Blue Formica Table (1999, Dedalus Press, na The Evergreen Road (2004, Lagan Press) sochiri. E bipụtara nchịkọta ọhụrụ akpọrọ Constanza na July 2010. N'afọ 2009, Welch natara O'Connor Literary Award na Monasterevin, County Kildare na ụlọ akwụkwọ oge okpomọkụ Gerard Manley Hopkins. == Akụkọ ifo == Akụkọ ifo Welch gụnyere The Kilcolman Notebook (1994, Brandon Press), Tearmann (n'asụsụ Irish, Coisceim, 1997) na Groundwork (1997, Blackstaff Press) sochiri ya nke akpọrọ aha na ''The New York Times Book Review'' dị ka otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama nke 1998 <ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/06/books/notable-books-of-1998.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Notable Books of 1998|accessdate=19 August 2012|work=The New York Times|date=6 December 1998}}</ref> ma sụgharịa ya ma mee ya maka redio mba Slovakian. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Das Irische Monatsbuch|url=http://www.dfa.ie/uploads/documents/embassy/Berlin%20EM/monatsbuchmarchenrevised.pdf|publisher=Ireland in Germany}}</ref>''Japhy Ryder: Ar Shleasaibh na Mangartan'', akwụkwọ nke akụkọ ndụ na nyocha, meriri ihe nrite na Oireachteas, emume ọdịnala asụsụ Irish nke Ireland, na 2011. [1] Akụkọ abụọ sitere na nchịkọta akpọrọ The Trap of their Hexes pụtara na The Dublin Review, na akụkọ ọzọ sitere na nchịkọta ahụ pụtara na Irish Pages. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anthony|first=Robert|url=http://www.waterstones.com/waterstonesweb/products/robert+welch/kicking+the+black+mamba/8659544/|title=Kicking the Black Mamba: Life, Alcohol and Death (Book) by Robert Anthony Welch (2012)|publisher=Waterstones.com|date=15 December 2005|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref> the Black Mamba: Life, Death, Alcohol and Death, akwụkwọ ncheta nke nwa ya nwoke Egan onye mmiri riri na 2007, nke Darton, Longman na Todd bipụtara na Septemba 2012. Akwụkwọ ahụ kpaliri nlebara anya dị ukwuu site na akwụkwọ, ịntanetị, redio na mgbasa ozi telivishọn na ntọhapụ ya ma nweta ọnụọgụ - otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa RTÉ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/ten/2013/0211/robertanthony.html|title=Kicking the Black Mamba: Life, Alcohol & Death by Robert Anthony Welch – RTÉ Ten|publisher=RTÉ.ie|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|title=Arts xtra|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/arts|accessdate=18 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029130043/http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/arts|archive-date=29 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Newsletter">{{Cite news|title=Kicking the Black Mamba|url=http://www.newsletter.co.uk/lifestyle/kicking-the-black-mamba-1-4338641|accessdate=18 October 2012|work=Newsletter}}</ref> nyocha Paddy Kenoe kpọrọ <ref name="Irish Times">{{Cite news|title=Making sense of a son's death|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2012/0925/1224324355242.html|date=18 October 2012|archive-date=13 November 2012|access-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113023736/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2012/0925/1224324355242.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> "ọrụ nka nke edemede ncheta". == Nkatọ == Ọrụ dị oke egwu nke Welch malitere na 1980 na Irish Poetry from Moore to Yeats (Colin Smythe), nke gosipụtara na nke mbụ ya ihe ndị isi na-ede uri Irish nke narị afọ nke 19 na-eduga n'ọrụ William Butler Yeats. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ sochiri Njem a, gụnyere ''A History of Verse Translation from the Irish: 1789-1897'' (1988, Colin Smythe Ltd), Changing States: Transformations in Modern Irish Writing (1993, Routledge). E bipụtara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Welch nke Abbey Theatre, Dublin na 1999 iji mee emume otu narị afọ nke mmepụta mbụ nke ihe ghọrọ Irish National Theatre. A kpọrọ nke a A History of the Abbey Theatre 1899-1999: Form and Pressure (1999, Oxford University Press). Ọ dezigharịrị maka Penguin Books W B Yeats: Writings on Irish Folklore, Legend, and Myth (1993). The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature pụtara na 1996, nke e bipụtara n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi na 2000. Ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Patrick Galvin: New and Selected Poems (ya na Greg Delanty, 1996, Cork University Press). Mpịakọta a gụnyere ihe edeturu na mmeghe nke e jikọrọ aka dee. Welch dere mmeghe Rogha Danta/Death in the Land of Youth: New and Selected Poems of Seán Ó Tuama (1997, Cork University Press). E wepụtara nke mbụ ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, The Cold of Mayday Monday, na 2014 ma a na-ewere ya dị ka "nnukwu ihe mmụta na akụkọ". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-cold-of-may-day-monday-an-approach-to-irish-literary-history-1.2058945|title=The Cold of May Day Monday: An Approach to Irish Literary History|work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> == Onye nchịkọta akụkọ == Welch bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro nke Colin Smythe bipụtara nke akpọrọ ''Ulster Editions na Monographs'' nke nwere mpịakọta 16. Ya na Prọfesọ Brian Walker nke Queen's University Belfast, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro ise The Oxford History of the Irish Book site na Oxford University Press. Mpịakọta nke 3, nke akpọrọ The Irish Book in English 1550-1800, pụtara na 2006, nke Raymond Gillespie na Andrew Hadfield dezigharịrị. Mpịakọta nke 5, nke akpọrọ The Irish Book in English 1890-2000, pụtara na 2010, nke Clare Hutton na Patrick Walsh dezigharịrị. == Onye na-ede ihe nkiri == Egwuregwu Welch bụ ndị Ransom Productions nyere iwu na 2004 ma gosipụta ya na The Old Museum Arts Centre na Belfast, soro njem Northern Ireland, West End (Soho Theatre) na Edinburgh (Traverse Theatre). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Coyle|first=Jane|url=http://www.irishtheatremagazine.ie/Reviews/Current/Both-Sides|title=Irish Theatre Magazine &#124; Reviews &#124; Current &#124; Both Sides|publisher=Irishtheatremagazine.ie|date=5 November 2011|accessdate=1 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605151348/http://www.irishtheatremagazine.ie/Reviews/Current/Both-Sides|archivedate=5 June 2013}}</ref>'afọ 2010, Ransom Productions nyere Welch iwu ka o dee otu akụkụ nke akwụkwọ iwu abụọ akpọrọ Both Sides tinyere David Ireland, nke meghere na Lyric Theatre. == Ndị a nabatara == N'afọ 1992, e nyere Welch ihe nrite Oireachtas maka nkatọ, na 2003 e mere ya Senior Distinguished Research Fellow nke Mahadum Ulster. N'afọ 2008, e nyere ya onye otu Royal Irish Academy . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Obituary of Robert Welch|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/mar/01/robert-welch|work=The Guardian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://artscouncil-ni.org/news/robert-welch-1947-2013-former-arts-council-board-member-obituary|title=Robert Welch (1947 – 2013) Former Arts Council Board Member Obituary &#124; Arts Council of Northern Ireland}}</ref>'afọ 2009, e nyere ya onyinye O'Connor na Gerard Manley Hopkins Literature Festival na Kildare, Ireland. [1] == Ọrụ ndị e bipụtara == * ''Abụ ndị Irish site na Moore ruo Yeats'' (Colin Smythe na Barnes & Noble, Gerrards Cross na New York, 1988), * ''Ụzọ Nlaghachi: George Moore's The Untilled Field and The Lake'' (Wolfhound Press na Barnes & Noble, Dublin na New York, 1988) * A History of Verse Translation from the Irish, 1789-1897 (Colin Smythe and Barnes & Noble, Gerrards Cross and New York, 1988) * ''Akwụkwọ na nka nke okike: Essays in Honour of A.N. Jeffares'' (Colin Smythe and Barnes & Noble, Gerrards Cross and New York, 1988), ed., ya na Suheil Badi Bushrui, 350pp. * Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Mpịakọta I-XVII, ''Ulster Editions na Monographs'' (Colin Smythe na Barnes & Noble, Gerrards Cross na New York, 1988). * ''Muskerry (abụ) '' (Dedalus Press, 1991), Dublin * Onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye edemede nke mmeghe, Irish Writers and Religion (Colin Smythe and Barnes & Noble, Gerrards Cross and New York, 1991) * ''W.B. Yeats: Irish Folklore, Legend and Myth'' (Penguin, 1993), onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye dere mmeghe na nkọwa * ''Mgbanwe Mba: Mgbanwe n'Edi edemede Irish Njem Oge A'' (Routledge, 1993) * Kilcolman Notebook (akwụkwọ akụkọ), (Brandon Press, 1993) * The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature (Clarendon Press, 1996) * ''Akụkọ ifo ndị Ireland'' (Appletree Press, Belfast, 1996) * Patrick Galvin: New and Selected Poems (Cork University Press, 1996), onye nchịkọta akụkọ (ya na Greg Delanty), onye so dee mmeghe na nkọwa * ''Òtù Nzuzo (abụ) '' (Dedalus Press, Dublin na Dufour, New York, 1996) * ''Tearmann (akwụkwọ akụkọ, n'asụsụ Irish) '' (Coiscéim, Dublin, 1997) * ''Ihe ndabere (akwụkwọ akụkọ) '', (Blackstaff Press, 1997) * ''The Blue Formica Table (abụ) '', (Dedalus Press, Dublin na Dufour, New York, 1999) * ''The Abbey Theatre 1899-1999: Ụdị na nrụgide'' (Oxford University Press, 1998) * The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature (Concise) (ed.), Oxford University Press * '' The Evergreen Road (abụ uri) ''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * '' Ndị Protestant (ihe nkiri) ''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * '' The Oxford History of the Irish Book, Mpịakọta nke Atọ (nke mpịakọta ise) '', (Onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Brian Walker, 2006) * '' Nkwụsị''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * '' Japhy Ryder: Ar Shleasaibh na Mangartan''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * '' Ịkụ Mamba Ojii'', (Darton, Longman na Todd, 2012) * '' The Cold of Mayday Monday, (Oxford University Press, 2014) '' == Ihe edeturu na ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] koe6domjxvdnmpmqcm92o2lzfziidp2 0 34039 728340 139623 2026-09-26T22:51:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Koffi Christian '''Romaric''' N'Dri''' (amụrụ na 4 June 1983), nke a maara dị ka Romaric, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/world_cup_2010/groups_and_teams/team/ivory_coast/romaric|title=Romaric|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=1 September 2011}}</ref> <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1452844.html|title=Ndri Romaric|publisher=UEFA.com|date=1 January 2010|accessdate=1 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001740/http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1452844.html|archive-date=22 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> bụ onye Ivorian bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11800_7094010,00.html|title=Romaric on Lille's radar|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|author=Gourizro|first=Giscard|date=11 August 2011|accessdate=1 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="UEFA" />onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti, ọ nwere ike igwu egwu dị ka onye na-agbachitere ma ọ bụ onye na-eme bọọlụ etiti. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na mba isii, ọkachasị France na Spain. Ọ pụtara na Ligue 1 ugboro 149 na nke mbụ maka Le Mans na Bastia, ma gbaa egwuregwu 121 La Liga na nke ikpeazụ maka Seville, Espanyol na Zaragoza. N'ime afọ asatọ ọ rụrụ ọrụ mba ụwa maka Ivory Coast, Romaric gara asọmpi iko mba ụwa abụọ na asọmpi iko Afrịka atọ, na-agwụcha dị ka onye nke abụọ na Mbipụta 2008 nke ikpeazụ. == Ọrụ klọb == === Afọ ndị mbụ === A mụrụ ya na Abidjan, Romaric malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ntorobịa a ma ama nke klọb ASEC Mimosas, ọ kwagara K.S.K. Beveren na 2003. N'oge nke abụọ ya na Belgium, ọ gbara goolu iri na atọ kachasị mma n'egwuregwu iri atọ na abụọ, mana ndị otu ya jisiri ike zere ịpụ na Pro League. === Le Mans === Na Mee 2005, Romaric sonyeere klọb French Le Mans UC72. Otú <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/4198416.stm|title=Ivorian Romaric injured in car crash|publisher=BBC Sport|date=30 August 2005|accessdate=13 December 2011}}</ref> dị, na ngwụcha Ọgọstụ, o nwere nnukwu ihe mberede ụgbọ ala, gbajiri ọkpụkpụ olu ya ma kụọ ya ihe n'isi na nso Liège, na Belgium. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7lud42scd873ltgij88ov3sptvk785p 0 34202 728276 138853 2026-09-26T18:15:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} N'afọ 2007, Aguirre wepụtara abọm mbụ ya, Mujer de Fe (Nwanyị nke Okwukwe), nke [[Pablo Aguirre]] mepụtara. Abọm ahụ gosipụtara duets na onye na-eti egwu rap Latin Gerardo na "Nada Va a Separarme", yana Juan Carlos Rodriguez (nke Tercer Cielo) na "Eres Mi Refugio". A họọrọ abụ ahụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu dị ka akụkụ nke Vive, Lo Mejor de La Música Cristiana, abọm nchịkọta n'okpuru Mucho Fruto Music ma kesaa ya site na Fonovisa / Universal Music Latin Entertainment.  Mujer de Fe nwetakwara nhọpụta Latin Grammy nke 2007 maka Best Christian Album. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2009, Aguirre wepụtara ọrụ ndekọ nke abụọ ya, Esperando Tu Voz (Na-echere olu gị), nke Pablo Aguirre mepụtara. Abọm ahụ gosipụtara duet ya na Armando Manzanero na "Cuando me Vaya de Aquí". Esperando Tu Voz natara 2009 Latin Grammy maka Best Christian Album na 2009 Premio Arpa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiosarpa.com/nominados%202009.html|title=Nominados 2009|work=www.premiosarpa.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704065807/http://www.premiosarpa.com/nominados%202009.html|archivedate=2009-07-04}}</ref> maka Best Duet maka "Cuando me Vaya de Aqui". N'afọ 2012, Aguirre wepụtara abọm ya Rompe el Silencio, ozi na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike maka ụmụ nwanyị, nke a họpụtakwara maka Latin Grammy n'afọ 2012. A họpụtara "Mariachi Divas" na 2014 maka Latin Grammy maka Best Regional Song. Dị ka onye na-ede egwu, Paulina esorowo Mario Domm nke otu Camila, Taboo nke Black Eyed Peas, onye o dere otu "Zumbao", Mariachi Divas, ihe nkiri Dedicada a mi Ex "site na Sony Pictures na Touche Films ndị mepụtara ọwa youtube a ma ama Enchufe tv. Dị ka onye na-agụ egwu, ya na Michael Buble, Luis Miguel rụkọrọ ọrụ. Marta Sanchez, Marco Antonio Solis, ma bụrụkwa onye nkuzi Becky G, Taboo Black Eyed Peas. wdg. N'akụkụ telivishọn, ọ bụ olu nke mgbasa ozi maka Desperate House Wives na ABC, maka Disney Channel ọ bụ onye nduzi na onye na-ede abụ nke ọrụ ụmụaka abụọ Tinga -Tinga y Ave y Tres, na Spanish, yana ịbụ olu nke los Solecitos de UNIVISION nke o dere ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ya. N'afọ 2018 Paulina bụ onye otu ndị ọka ikpe maka ihe ngosi TV "The World's Best" ya na James Corden, Faith Hill, Ru Paul, Drew Barrymore na ndị ntụrụndụ ụwa 48. N'afọ 2020, ọ pụtara maka Cinemoi Oscar's After Party na ụlọ Warner Brothers ya na Dennis Quaid, Macy Gray, Paul Okenfold, na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye na-ese ihe, Chateu de Berne na French Riviera Film Festival kpọrọ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Colin|date=2021-03-29|title=REEL WOMEN: Grammy winner Paulina Aguirre|url=https://reel360.com/article/reel-women-grammy-winner-paulina-aguirre/|accessdate=2023-08-22|work=Reel 360 News|language=en-US}}</ref> họtel Beverly Hills. It was reported by VidaEnElValle.com that Aguirre is currently{{when|date=October 2020}} working with Taboo (Black Eyed Peas).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vidaenelvalle.com/2012/03/07/1154260/taboo-latino-de-corazon.html|title=Taboo: Latino de Corazón|accessdate=3 April 2012|publisher=Vida En El Valle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sourtech|title=Ecuador va por otro Grammy al ritmo de 'La Tierra llora'|url=https://www.forbes.com.ec/lifestyle/ecuador-va-otro-grammy-ritmo-la-tierra-llora-n24135|accessdate=2023-08-22|work=Forbes Ecuador|language=es}}</ref> == Onyinye == Latin Grammy Awards: <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/Latin/Winners_Search/Results.aspx|title=Latin Grammy Award Winners|accessdate=18 August 2009|publisher=The Recording Academy}}</ref> * 2007: Onye Latin Grammy nominated maka Best Christian Album - Mujer de Fe<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/nov/05/entertainment/et-latin-grammys5/2 |title=Latin Grammy Nominee 2007 |access-date=2023-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000756/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/nov/05/entertainment/et-latin-grammys5/2 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2009: Onye a họpụtara na Latin Grammy maka Best Christian Album - Esperando Tu Voz''Na-atụ anya olu gị'' * 2009: Onye mmeri Latin Grammy maka Best Christian Album - Esperando Tu Voz''Na-atụ anya olu gị'' * <ref>[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2012/11/05/aguirre-latin-grammy-nomination-is-blessing-for-ecuador/ Latin Grammy Nominee 2012]</ref>: Onye a họpụtara na Latin Grammy maka Best Christian Album - Rompe el Silencio[1] * 2014: Onye a họpụtara na Latin Grammy maka Regional Mexican Song - ''Mariachi Divas'' * 2016: Onye mmeri nke Festival Viña del Mar - Onye ntụgharị kacha mma''Onye Nkọwa Kasị Mma'' * 2016: U.S. International Songwriting Competition for Best Latin Song * <ref>[https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/latin-grammy-awards-winners-2022-48955226 Bad Bunny, Rosalía, and Christina Aguilera Lead the 2022 Latin Grammys Nominations], popsugar.com, 20 September 2022</ref>: Onye a họpụtara na Latin Grammy maka Best Folk Album [1] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hc06oewtoyguq7fyk45yx1ibipqlea7 0 34285 728299 726245 2026-09-26T19:40:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Usòrò:Qenan_AlGhamdi.jpeg|thumb|Foto nke Qenan Al-Ghamdi]] '''Maazị Qenan Al-Ghamdi''' ([[Arabic]]: قينان الغامدي) bụ onye nta akụkọ Saudi Arabia na onye bụbu onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Al-Watan'' <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,93165,00.html|title=Al Qaeda Active in Saudi Arabia, Interior Minister Admits|publisher=FOX|accessdate=23 January 2010|date=29 July 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024030036/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,93165,00.html|archive-date=24 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> (Arabic), akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama nke dị na ndịda Saudi Arabia. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F20C5CF00A99603&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=WHY BIN LADEN PLOT RELIED ON SAUDI HIJACKERS|publisher=boston.com|accessdate=23 January 2010|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402144730/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F20C5CF00A99603&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] oeuwuuyzty1tuj032eukviuwgggdi87 0 35069 728385 145948 2026-09-27T03:07:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728385 wikitext text/x-wiki Syntered polyethylene bụ polyethylene ntụ nke a na-emepụta n'ime ihe siri ike n'emeghị ka ọ gbazee. Enwere ike ịmepụta <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142941816301854|author=Bai|first=J.|year=2016|title=The effect of processing conditions on the mechanical properties of polyethylene produced by selective laser sintering|journal=Polymer Testing|volume=52|pages=89–93|doi=10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.04.004}}</ref> site na iji okpomọkụ, nrụgide, ma ọ bụ laser sintering. Ọ nwere ngwa dị ka mkpuchi na ọkpọkọ na skis, na dị ka ihe nzacha. == Ngwa == === Pipe === A na-etinye polyethylene sintered na ọkpọkọ ígwè iji guzogide corrosion. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4aiaWmFD88AC&pg=PA185|title=Design and Installation of Marine Pipelines|author=Mikael Braestrup|year=2009|isbn=9781405148740|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8Wi5WN4ewUC&pg=PA18|title=Bulk Water Pipelines|author=Tim Burstall|year=1997|isbn=9780727726094|publisher=[[Thomas Telford]]}}</ref> na-eme ka ọkpọkọ dị ọkụ ma mesịa kpuchie ntụ ntụ polyethylene, ma ọ bụ electrostatic ma ọ bụ site na imikpu. === Skis === E webatara polyethylene sintered dị ka mkpuchi na skis na 1962. Ọ na-adịgide adịgide, na obere karịa polyethylene siri ike, extruded. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LDyHXID7f14C&pg=PA169|title=Performance Skiing; Training and Techniques to Make You a Better Alpine Skier|author=George Thomas|year=1992|isbn=9780811730266|publisher=[[Stackpole Books]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7YDcDEqBcEC&pg=PA21|journal=Skiing Heritage|date=March 2004|title=Milestone and Detours in Ski Design|author=Seth Masia}}</ref> nwere oghere na-eme ka ski na-amị wax.   E mepụtara ihe nzacha sinter plate na Germany <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwX1CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA420|title=Pneumatic Conveying of Solids; A Theoretical and Practical Approach|author=G.E. Klinzing|year=2013|isbn=9789401589819|publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]}}</ref> n'ime afọ 1981 na 1982. A na-eji ihe nzacha ndị a siri ike eme ihe na ndị na-anakọta uzuzu ma ga-emepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ gas dị ọcha nke 0.1 ruo 1.0 mg / m3 na ikuku nke 0.001 pound kwa elekere na oke nke 0.0004 gr / ft3, ọbụlagodi na ntụ nke D50 < 1 μm. &nbsp;&nbsp;EPA [http://www.epa.gov] na-akọwa arụmọrụ dị elu dị ka iwepụ 0 ruo 5.0 μm particulates. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427115310/http://www.epa.gov/eogapti1/module6/matter/control/control.htm#ffadvantages]&nbsp; Matrik nke ihe nzacha ahụ nwere polyethylene sintered (PE) a kpụrụ akpụ nke nwere isi ihe na-arịgo. <ref name="Huang2021">{{Cite journal|author=Huang|first=Mei|title=The relationship between peak pressure and parameters of pulse-jet cleaning in a sintered plastic filter|journal=Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association|volume=71|issue=9|year=2021|pages=1055–1066|doi=10.1080/10962247.2020.1860157}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHuangYanHeTang2021">Huang, Mei; Yan, Cuiping; He, Chunhong; Tang, Cuiying; Yang, Fei; Li, Peng (2021). [[doi:10.1080/10962247.2020.1860157|"The relationship between peak pressure and parameters of pulse-jet cleaning in a sintered plastic filter"]]. ''Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association''. '''71''' (9): 1055–1066. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1080/10962247.2020.1860157|10.1080/10962247.2020.1860157]]</span>.</cite></ref> mkpuchi PTFE ọzọ na-abanye n'ime oghere nke ahụ PE-nke bụ isi ma mepụta micro-porous, nke na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke na-akpata nzacha elu. Ihe a jikọtara ọnụ na-eguzogide kemịkal ma ọ bụghị obere mmiri na-emetụta ya. Ihe nzacha efere efere siri ike nwere usoro kwụsiri ike nke ukwuu ma enwere ike ịmegharị ya. Nkezi ndụ bara uru nke ihe nzacha efere sinter nwere ike gafere afọ iri. Ihe nzacha Sinter plate PE dabara na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ha anaghị emepụta ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu n'ime onwe ha, enwere ike ịsacha ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọEnweghị mmetọ nke ihe sitere na eriri nzacha dị ka ákwà na ihe mgbasa ozi cartridge. Onye na-anakọta uzuzu #Ndị na-anakụta ihe Nkwụsi ike nke matrix na-eme ka ọ ghara ịka n'iyi site na ihe abrasive. A na-eme ka a dị ọcha site na ịntanetị, nrụgide dị ala na-agbanwe ikuku. <ref name="Huang2021"/> Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị ga-ejikwa okpomọkụ ruo 158 °F na ihe ndị ka mma e mere maka ihe ruru 230 °F&nbsp;&nbsp; Ịrụ ọrụ nkewa ahụ karịrị nke akwụkwọ BIA chọrọ maka nhazi uzuzu M. == Edensibia == q642esu21okfc09aach5xr7m4xnpgek 0 35806 728195 149205 2026-09-26T12:17:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728195 wikitext text/x-wiki . <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|title=Gov Peter Obi Wins Anambra Polls …VP Congratulates Obi|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2010/02/09/gov-peter-obi-wins-anambra-polls-vp-congratulates-obi/|accessdate=2021-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-12-19|title=Anambra 2010: Ojukwu promises Obi will return|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/29334/1/Anambra-2010-Ojukwu-promises-Obi-will--return-/Page1.html|accessdate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219210816/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/29334/1/Anambra-2010-Ojukwu-promises-Obi-will--return-/Page1.html|archivedate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-02-09|title=ANAMBRA ELECTIONS: Live exit poll|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5523364-146/anambra_elections_live_exit_poll_.csp|accessdate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209094924/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5523364-146/anambra_elections_live_exit_poll_.csp|archivedate=February 9, 2010}}</ref> Nhọpụta mmetụta steeti Anambra n'afọ 2010 mere na mmetụta n'ikiri isii nke ọnwa Febụwarị 2010. Onye APGA nchọpụta Peter Obi meri Chris Ngige nke Action Congress of Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-02-11|title=UPDATED: Anambra Guber Live !-Election results according to INEC|url=http://saharareporters.com/real-news/sr-headlines/5073-anambra-guber-live-election-results-according-to-inec.html|accessdate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211120703/http://saharareporters.com/real-news/sr-headlines/5073-anambra-guber-live-election-results-according-to-inec.html|archivedate=February 11, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-02-07|title=INEC declares Obi winner of Anambra polls|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/02/inec-declares-obi-winner-of-anambra-polls/|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-25|title=The Sun News On-line {{!}}|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/mar/18/national-18-03-2010-003.htm|accessdate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425074913/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/mar/18/national-18-03-2010-003.htm|archivedate=April 25, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Problems with Vote for Governor in Nigeria's Anambra State {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/problems-vote-governor-nigerias-anambra-state|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520044208/https://www.voanews.com/africa/problems-vote-governor-nigerias-anambra-state|archive-date=2021-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-02-12|title=THISDAY ONLINE / Nigeria news / African views on global news|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=165947|accessdate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212105816/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=165947|archivedate=February 12, 2010}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria's Anambra state vote begins|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2010/2/6/nigerias-anambra-state-vote-begins|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-10-10|title=ANAMBRA 2010: Meet the candidates|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/10/anambra-2010-meet-the-candidates/|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>Peter Obi zọpụtara APGA.  Ọ họpụtara Emeka Sibeudu ka ọ ga-eso ya.  Chris Ngige bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ACN.  Mmadụ iri abụọ na ise gbara aka na ntuliaka ahụ 3j67hfg2714iu7gf9nr7f2ojg0x66wx 0 35851 728192 149312 2026-09-26T12:17:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728192 wikitext text/x-wiki . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-20|title=When people's vote counted|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/04/when-peoples-vote-counted/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Senate Elections Set for Saturday for Most of Country {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815021903/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|archive-date=2021-08-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=IPU PARLINE database: NIGERIA (Senate), ELECTIONS IN 2011|url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2364_11.htm|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators of the Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232830/https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archivedate=August 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=INEC RESULT SHEET FOR SENATORIAL ELECTION 2011|url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604022146/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archivedate=June 4, 2021}}</ref>Emere mbụ aka ndị Sineti nke afọ 2011 na Bayelsa steeti n'April 9, 2011, iji họpụta ndị otu ụlọomeiwu Naijiria ga-amị anya Bayelsa steeti .  Clever Ikisikpo na- anya anya Bayelsa East, Emmanuel Paulker na- anya anya Bayelsa Central na Heineken Lokpobiri na- anya anya Bayelsa West ha meri n'ọkwa ndị Peoples Democratic Party byyl2r6jev7tzpulqsy3w9dt8nh06nv 0 35863 728193 149326 2026-09-26T12:17:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728193 wikitext text/x-wiki .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-20|title=When people's vote counted|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/04/when-peoples-vote-counted/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Senate Elections Set for Saturday for Most of Country {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815021903/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|archive-date=2021-08-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPU PARLINE database: NIGERIA (Senate), ELECTIONS IN 2011|url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2364_11.htm|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators of the Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232830/https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archivedate=August 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=INEC RESULT SHEET FOR SENATORIAL ELECTION 2011|url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604022146/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archivedate=June 4, 2021}}</ref>Emere ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu nke afọ 2011 na steeti Kebbi na Eprel 9, 2011, iji họpụta ndị otu Senate nke Naijiria ga-anọchi anya Kebbi steeti.  Isah Mohammed Galaudu na-anọchi anya Kebbi North, Abubakar Atiku Bagudu na-anọchi anya Kebbi Central na Mohammed Magoro na-anọchi anya Kebbi South niile meriri n'ọkwa ndị Peoples Democratic Party. .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-20|title=When people's vote counted|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/04/when-peoples-vote-counted/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Senate Elections Set for Saturday for Most of Country {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815021903/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|archive-date=2021-08-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPU PARLINE database: NIGERIA (Senate), ELECTIONS IN 2011|url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2364_11.htm|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators of the Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232830/https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archivedate=August 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=INEC RESULT SHEET FOR SENATORIAL ELECTION 2011|url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604022146/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archivedate=June 4, 2021}}</ref> 0m3gp6a91q0i30t7mbg9gjycfdgzr40 0 35870 728194 149334 2026-09-26T12:17:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728194 wikitext text/x-wiki . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-20|title=When people's vote counted|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/04/when-peoples-vote-counted/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Senate Elections Set for Saturday for Most of Country {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=www.voanews.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815021903/https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigeria-senate-elections-set-saturday-most-country|archive-date=2021-08-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=IPU PARLINE database: NIGERIA (Senate), ELECTIONS IN 2011|url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2364_11.htm|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators of the Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232830/https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SENATORS-OF-THE-FEDERAL-REPUBLIC-OF-NIGERIA-2011-2015.pdf|archivedate=August 14, 2021}}</ref>Emere ọhụrụ aka ndị Sineti nke afọ 2011 na Ondo steeti n'igosi Ranar n'afọ 2011, iji họpụta ndị ọzọ sinetị Naijiria ga- 5 anya Ondo steeti .  Robert Ajayi Boroffice na- anya anya Ondo North, Akinyelure Patrick Ayo na-- anya Ondo Central na Kunle Boluwaji na- ahịa anya Ondo South niile n'elu ikpo okwu nke Labor Party <ref>{{Cite web|title=INEC RESULT SHEET FOR SENATORIAL ELECTION 2011|url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604022146/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collated_Senate1.xlsx|archivedate=June 4, 2021}}</ref> cff02ete5av5lhjf0dc19dec5054ozb 0 35926 728459 199933 2026-09-27T10:40:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Viva Riva!''''' mpụ ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke ndị Congo na 2010 nke [[Djo Tunda Wa Munga]] dere ma duzie. Patsha Bay, Manie Malone, Fabrice Kwizera, [[Hoji Fortuna]], Marlene Longage, Alex Herabo & Diplôme Amekindra, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nhọpụta iri na abụọ ma merie onyinye isii na 7th Africa Movie Academy Awards. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201012200242.html|title=Le long métrage " Viva Riva " a inauguré la salle de projection de la Halle de la Gombe|author=Enyimo|first=Martin|date=18 December 2010|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica Global Media]]|language=fr|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/viva_riva|title=Viva Riva! (2010)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[IGN|IGN Entertainment]]|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="variety">{{Cite news|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025624.html?refCatId=13|title=Music Box nabs 'Viva Riva!' in U.S.|author=Meza|first=Ed|date=13 October 2010|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=1 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194733/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025624.html?refCatId=13|archive-date=29 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viva-riva-99883|title=Bold crime film is vicious, sexy and throbbingly realistic|author=Lee|first=Maggie|date=17 February 2011|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/viva-riva-berlin-review-98351|title=Viva Riva!: Berlin Review|author=Lee|first=Maggie|date=11 February 2011|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/events/african-movie-academy-awards-2011|title=Africa Movie Academy Awards 2011|publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]|accessdate=18 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129001700/http://www.ama-awards.com/events/african-movie-academy-awards-2011|archivedate=29 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Congolese+Viva+Riva+wins+Africas+best+film/-/2558/1134870/-/i3d107z/-/|title=Congolese 'Viva Riva' wins Africa's best film award|author=Osae-Brown|first=Funke|date=28 March 2011|work=[[The EastAfrican]]|accessdate=28 March 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2011|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2011|date=28 March 2011|publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]|accessdate=28 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403012110/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2011|archivedate=3 April 2011}}</ref> gụnyere ihe nrite maka Best Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography & Best Production Design, ihe omume nke mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri kachasị elu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke AMAA ruo ugbu a. ''Viva Riva!'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2011-mtv-movie-awards-winners-release/|title=MTV Base Africa|accessdate=2024-02-10|archivedate=2014-11-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108133731/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2011-mtv-movie-awards-winners-release/}}</ref> nwetakwara ihe nrite na 2011 MTV Movie Awards maka Best African Movie. [1] == Atụmatụ == Ihe nkiri ahụ <ref name="variety"/>-agbaso onye na-ebubata mmanụ ụgbọala, Riva, mgbe o wetara mmanụ ụgbọala na [[Kinshasa]]. Onye omekome Angola, Cesar, onye chọrọ mmanụ ụgbọala, na-achụ Riva. Cesar na-eji egwu iji nweta enyemaka nke onye ọrụ agha mpaghara, Commandant, onye na-enweta onye na-enye ihe ọmụma na ihe onwunwe chọọchị iji nyere aka na ọchụchọ Cesar. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Riva hụrụ Nora n'anya, onye mmekọ nke onye omekome obodo ahụ, Azor. Riva nwetara ntụkwasị obi nke nwa okorobịa nọ n'ógbè ahụ ma jiri enyemaka ya chọta Nora ọzọ. Esemokwu ahụ na-egbu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị isi niile. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Patsha Bay - Osimiri * Manie Malone - Nora * [[Hoji Fortuna]] - Cesar * Fabrice Kwizera - Jason * Marlene Longage - Onye Ọchịagha * Alex Herabo * Diplọma Amekindra == Nnakwere == Nnyocha ndị ahụ dị ezigbo mma. Na Rotten Tomatoes ọ nwere nkwado nke 87% dabere na nyocha sitere na ndị nkatọ 60. Nkwekọrịta nke saịtị ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/viva_riva/|title=Viva Riva!|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=1 April 2022}}</ref>-ekwu, sị: "Viva Riva bụ ihe nkiri mpụ na-eme ngwa ngwa". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/viva-riva!|title=Viva Riva! Reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Metacritic ọ nwere akara nke 65% dabere na nyocha 16. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|1723120}} {{Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Production Design}}{{Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Cinematography}}{{Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Film}} 0e4hh5kb5jrh030qfysg03jw6wqz2oh 0 36002 728421 541044 2026-09-27T06:34:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728421 wikitext text/x-wiki   The Empty Man bụ ihe nkiri egwu karịrị nke mmadụ nke afọ 2020 nke David Prior dere ma duzie na nke mbụ ya, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Cullen Bunn na Vanesa R. Del Rey nke otu aha nke Boom bipụtara! Ọganihu! Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ndị na eme ihe nkiri bụ James Badge Dale, Marin Ireland, Stephen Root, Ron Canada, Robert Aramayo, Joel Courtney, na Sasha Frolova. Ọ na eso onye bụbu onye uwe ojii nke, mgbe ọ na eme nchọpụta banyere nwa agbọghọ furu efu, na achọpụta òtù nzuzo. N'ịbụ nke e mere na August 2017 dị ka ihe nkiri mba ụwa n'etiti United States, South Africa, na France, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara akara dị ala na nyocha nyocha na onye na-ekesa 20th Century Fox tụfuru okwukwe na atụmanya azụmahịa ya. Ngwaahịa ikpeazụ, nke e wepụtara na United States na Ọktoba 23, 2020, ka Prior ka na ewere ya dị ka nhazi siri ike. N'ịbụ nke a tọhapụrụ n'etiti ọrịa COVID-19, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nde $ 4 n'ụwa niile megide mmefu ego nke nde $ 16. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha na adịghị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ na ndị na ege ntị n'oge a tọhapụrụ ya. Nnakwere ka mma mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ pụtara na mgbasa ozi ụlọ na Ọrụ na asọ asọ, <ref name="thrillist"/> ma kemgbe ahụ, ọ nwetara ndị na eso ya. <ref name="Rejects">{{Cite web|author=Mongale|first=Matthew|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/|title=How David Prior's ''The Empty Man'' Survived the Perfect Hollywood Storm|date=March 2, 2021|work=Film School Rejects|accessdate=March 25, 2021|archivedate=November 6, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106165405/https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/}}</ref> == Atụmatụ == Na 1995 na Ndagwurugwu Ura, Bhutan, ndị enyi anọ - Greg, Fiona, Ruthie, na Paul na aga ije n'elu ugwu, na agafe àkwà mmiri n'ụzọ. Paul nụrụ ụda na amaghị ama wee daba n'ime oghere. Greg chọtara ya n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ catatonic, na anọdụ ala n'ihu ma na ele anya n'otu nnukwu ọkpụkpụ oge ochie na enweghị mmadụ nke dị na mgbidi ọgba ahụ. Greg na eburu ya ma ìgwè ahụ na agbaba n'ụlọ tọgbọrọ n'efu ka Oké ifufe na efe. N'echi ya, mmụọ nke ihe e kere eke n'ọgba na achụ Ruthie. N'abalị ahụ, Paul, nke mmụọ ọjọọ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na achị, na agwa Ruthie ihe. N'ụtụtụ echi ya, ìgwè ahụ hụrụ Paul n'akụkụ àkwà mmiri ha gafere. Ruthie na ama jijiji tupu ọ maa Greg mma ma bepụ Fiona n'olu ma tụba ozu ha n'elu ugwu. Ya na Paul na ele anya nke ọma tupu ya onwe ya tụpụkwa. Pọl nọdụrụ ala. Na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] 2018, onye bụbu onye nchọpụta James Lasombra na eru uju ọnwụ nwunye ya Allison na nwa ha nwoke Henry nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọala otu afọ gara aga. Ya na onye agbata obi ya Nora bụ enyi, nne di ya nwụrụ. Nwa nwanyị Nora bụ Amanda gbapụrụ ma ha hụrụ ozi e dere n'ọbara n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-asị "Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu mere ka m mee ya". Ka ọ na achọ ụlọ ihi ụra Amanda, James chọtara akwụkwọ sitere n'otu ìgwè a na akpọ Pontifex Institute. Enyi Amanda bụ Devara kpughere na Amanda gbara ya na ndị enyi ha ume ịkpọ òkù Empty Man, akụkọ ifo obodo. Iji kpọọ Nwoke Na enweghị Ihe, ị ga ebu ụzọ chọta karama na enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'elu àkwà mmiri, gbaa ya, wee chee echiche banyere Nwoke Na'enweghị Ihe. Enyi ọ bụla nọ n'ìgwè ahụ mere ya. N'echi ya n'ụlọ ahịa ahụ, Devara hụrụ Amanda na-agwa enyi ya Brandon okwu. James nyochara àkwà mmiri ahụ, wee chọta karama ahụ tọgbọ chakoo. Ọ na aga n'ihu na afụ ya, dịka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma mere na mbụ. Ọ gara n'okpuru àkwà mmiri ahụ wee chọta ozu Brandon na ndị enyi Amanda ndị ọzọ nwere otu ozi ahụ a hụrụ n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ Amanda. Mmụọ ahụ gburu Devara ọzọ, onye wakporo ya n'ime ụlọ mmiri nke ụlọ ịsa ahụ na mma abụọ. Ndị uwe ojii kwuru na ọnwụ ya bụ igbu onwe ya. James na eme nchọpụta na Pontifex Institute, na achọpụta na ọ bụ òtù nzuzo nke nwere nkwenkwe sitere na ebe ndị dị ka Bhutan na tulpas, nke ọ na eme nnyocha na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]]. O kwenyere na ọ nụrụ Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu n'abalị ahụ ma bụrụ onye nrọ ọjọọ gbara gburugburu. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ma nọrọ n'okwu nke onye ndú òtù nzuzo Arthur Parsons. N'ikwu okwu na Parsons, ọ na atụ egwu na onye ndú ahụ na ezo aka na Nwoke efu, na azọrọ na ọ bụ ihe na enye ndị na eso ụzọ ya ihe ha chọrọ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ha emee ihe ọ chọrọ. James malitere iche na ọ na ahụ Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu. Ọ na eso ndị òtù nzuzo ma na enyocha otu ụlọ dị n'ime ọhịa ebe ọ na achọta faịlụ banyere Amanda, ndị enyi ya, Paul, na onwe ya. Ọ na ahụ òtù nzuzo ahụ ka ọ na eme emume ọkụ mana òtù nzuzo ahụ hụrụ ya ma chụsoo ya. Ọ na enyo Amanda enyo ugbu a bụ onye òtù nzuzo ahụ ma gwa Nora na ọ dịghị nchebe. Ọ kpọgara Nora na họtel ka ọ zoo. A kpughere na ha abụọ na enwe mmekọahụ ma ya na Nora nọ mgbe Allison na Henry nwụrụ. N'ịbụ onye na ata ahụhụ site na nrọ efu, James wakporo onye òtù òtù nzuzo Garrett ma jụọ ya ihe na eme tupu ya akụ ya n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ. Garrett na ekwu na e nwere otu nwoke n'ụlọ ọgwụ nke Empty Man na ebufe na nzuzo ahụ. James chọpụtara na nwoke ahụ bụ Paul n'ezie, onye nọ n'ọnọdụ coma na ndị òtù nzuzo na eleta ya mgbe niile iji nweta ozi sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ọ chọtara Amanda n'ọnụ ụlọ ọgwụ Paul ma ọ kọwaara na Paul na anwụ site na nrụgide nke ịbụ Nwoke Na enweghị Ihe, nakwa na òtù nzuzo ahụ chọrọ arịa ọhụrụ. Ọ gwara James na ọ bụ tulpa, arịa ọhụrụ maka onye ahụ, nakwa na ncheta ya na mmekọrịta ya bụ ya na òtù nzuzo ahụ chepụtara iji hụ na njikọ nke chi ahụ site na ihe mgbu na ọnwụ ya. Dị ka Amanda si kwuo, James adịla naanị ụbọchị ole na ole. N'ekweghị ekwe, James kpọrọ Nora, mana ọ maghị onye ọ bụ. James na ada ma hụ onwe ya n'ụgbọelu dị ka limbo, ebe ihe ahụ na abanye n'ahụ ya. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ọgwụ, James gburu Paul, ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ gbara ya gburugburu. Ha na asọpụrụ ya ka ọ na ele anya, ihe na enweghị aha na achịkwa. == Ndị na eme ihe nkiri ==   == Mmepụta == === Ọganihu === Na Febụwarị 9, 2016, a mara ọkwa na 20th Century Fox nwetara akwụkwọ akụkọ The Empty Man site na Boom! Ọganihu! <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sneakpeek.ca/2020/02/boom-studios-empty-man.html|title="The Empty Man"|work=Sneak Peek|author=Stevens|first=Michael|date=February 19, 2020|accessdate=March 8, 2020}}</ref>Ụlọ ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri, ebe David Prior goro ọrụ ide ma duzie ihe nkiri ahụ. Ross Richie na Stephen Christy ga emepụta ihe nkiri na akpali akpali. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.movieinsider.com/m14114/the-empty-man|title=The Empty Man Movie (2019)|work=[[Movie Insider]]|date=April 28, 2018|accessdate=May 15, 2019}}</ref> Julaị 7, 2016, a mara ọkwa na a họpụtara James Badge Dale ka ọ bụrụ onye isi dịka onye bụbu onye uwe ojii nke ọnwụ ike nke nwunye ya na nwa ya nwoke, onye na anwa ịchọta nwa agbọghọ furu efu. [1] [2] <ref name="PooleCast">{{Cite web|author=N'Duka|first=Amanda|title=Fox's 'The Empty Man' Adds Aaron Poole|url=https://deadline.com/2016/09/fox-the-empty-man-aaron-poole-cast-1201826602/|accessdate=September 28, 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> Septemba 27, 2016, a mara ọkwa na a tụbara Aaron Poole na ihe nkiri ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Paul, onye njem n'èzí. The Empty Man <ref name="thrillist"/> ihe nkiri ikpeazụ iji gosipụta akara ngosi Fox nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. === Nhazi === Onye <ref name="Barthelmey">{{Cite web|url=https://theartofken.com/gallery/the-empty-man-44|title=The Empty Man|first=Ken|author=Barthelmey|work=The Art of Ken|accessdate=May 30, 2022}}</ref>-emepụta ihe e kere eke Ken Barthelmey chepụtara ma kpụọ ọkpụkpụ ọgba na ihe ndị ọzọ maka ihe nkiri ahụ. Prior were ya n'ọrụ ịrụ ọrụ na atụmatụ ahụ na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scified.com/news/tomorrow-war-aliens-artist-ken-barthelmey-talks-his-cave-mummy-creation-from-the-empty-man-2020|title=Tomorrow War Aliens artist Ken Barthelmey talks his Cave Mummy Creation From The Empty Man (2020)|date=July 5, 2021|author=Chris|work=Scified|accessdate=May 30, 2022}}</ref>'ihi na oge ịgba égbè dị nso, Barthelmey nwere oge dị mkpirikpi iji rụọ ọrụ na atụmatụ ahụ. Àgwà ndị bụ isi Prior na achọ bụ "oge ochie, ikike, egwu, na n'ụzọ aghụghọ karịa mmadụ". Prior zigara ya ihe osise sitere n'aka onye Poland na ese ihe Zdzisław Beksiński ma kpọtụrụ Space Jockey aha na Alien maka ntụaka. Mmụọ ndị ahụ mechara mee ka Barthelmey mepụta ihe nkiri ikpeazụ. Barthelmey kpụrụ ọkpụkpụ ọgba ahụ na 3D. Ihe nlerean<ref name="Barthelmey" /> ya bụ 3D nke e bipụtara ma wuo na set site n'aka onye na emepụta mmepụta Craig Lathrop na ndị otu ya. === Ihe nkiri === Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime foto ndị isi mere na South Africa na ngwụcha afọ 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mongale|first=Matthew|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/|title=How David Prior's 'The Empty Man' Survived the Perfect Hollywood Storm|date=March 2, 2021|work=Film School Rejects|accessdate=March 25, 2021|archivedate=November 6, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106165405/https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/}}</ref> N'ime izu ikpeazụ ahụ, mmepụta kwụsịrị n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe na adịghị mma. N'oge a, osote onye isi oche nke mmepụta Fox bụ Mark Roybal hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Dị ka onye nduzi David Prior si kwuo, Roybal bụ "ihe dị mkpa" maka greenlighting nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Mmepụta maliteghachiri ozugbo e goro onye isi ọhụrụ. 'ịbụ onye a kwadoro na mmefu ego nke $ 16 nde, Prior kwuru na e ji ihe dị ka $ 11 nde mee ihe na foto ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sczesny|first=Matt|title=A Hollywood film is shooting in Edwardsville|url=http://www.kmov.com/story/36266426/a-hollywood-film-is-shooting-in-edwardsville|work=KMOV|accessdate=September 3, 2017|date=September 1, 2017|archivedate=August 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812145327/http://www.kmov.com/story/36266426/a-hollywood-film-is-shooting-in-edwardsville}}</ref> ikpeazụ nke mmepụta maliteghachiri <ref>{{Cite web|author=Davenport|first=Cory|title=''The Empty Man'': Movie scenes to be shot in Edwardsville|url=https://www.riverbender.com/articles/details/the-empty-man-movie-scenes-to-be-shot-in-edwardsville-23059.cfm|accessdate=September 3, 2017|work=RiverBender|date=August 31, 2017}}</ref> Septemba 2017 na [[Illinois]]" id="mwdw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Edwardsville, Illinois">Edwardsville, Illinois, na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mere na Ụlọ ikpe Madison County. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Filming to start tonight for crime thriller at Madison County Courthouse|url=https://advantagenews.com/news/filming-to-start-tonight-for-crime-thriller-at-madison-count/|accessdate=September 3, 2017|work=AdvantageNews|date=August 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019214938/https://advantagenews.com/news/filming-to-start-tonight-for-crime-thriller-at-madison-count/|archive-date=October 19, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> mekwara ihe nkiri na Chain of Rocks Bridge wee kwaga ebe ọzọ a na amaghị mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị. === Mgbe emechara ya === Mgbe nyocha ahụ mere, a gwara Prior ka ọ chịkọta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo mmepụta kwụsịrị. N'ịgbaso akara ule dị ala, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere ịtụ egwu maka ịhapụ Ụtụ isi site na South Africa n'ihi oge a kara aka. Ndị na emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ jikọtara ihe nkiri nkeji iri itoolu nke ha (ihe karịrị nkeji iri anọ na ise karịa nke mbụ nke Prior), nke nwalere ọbụna njọ. <ref name="Rejects"/> mere ka Prior nyefee ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya na nkeji isii ọzọ (nke ọ ga emesị were ya dị ka nhazi siri ike n'ajụjụ ọnụ) o bu n'obi na mbụ igbupụ ya. == Ntọhapụ == A tọhapụrụ Empty Man na October 23, 2020, site na 20th Century Studios (site na njehie, a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ 20th Century Fox n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Jenụwarị 17, 2020). <ref>{{Cite web|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=September 23, 2020|title='Black Widow' Jumps To Summer 2021 Spurring Marvel Pics Release Date Shift; 'West Side Story' Delayed A Year; 'Soul' Stays Theatrical|url=https://deadline.com/2020/09/black-widow-jumps-to-summer-2021-spurring-marvel-pics-release-date-shift-west-side-story-delayed-a-year-soul-stays-theatrical-1234582771/|accessdate=September 23, 2020|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Media Corporation}}</ref> <ref name="V">{{Cite news|author=Rubin|first=Rebecca|date=July 23, 2020|title='Star Wars' Films, 'Avatar' Sequels Pushed Back a Year in Disney Release Calendar Shakeup|work=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/box-office/star-wars-films-avatar-sequels-pushed-back-a-year-in-disney-release-calendar-shakeup-1234715104/|accessdate=July 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/06/unhinged-redated-to-july-10-russell-crowe-1202958322/|title='Unhinged' Going July 31 In Wake Of 'Tenet' Summer Shift|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=June 26, 2020|accessdate=July 20, 2020}}</ref> bu ụzọ hazie ka ewepụta ihe nkiri ahụ n'August 7, 2020, mana e yigharịrị ya na Disemba 4 n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, tupu ebufee ya n'ụbọchị Ọktoba mgbe ọnwụ na Naịl gbanwere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-empty-man-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc01mjg5ote|title=The Empty Man}}</ref> United Kingdom, ihe nkiri ahụ hapụrụ ntọhapụ ihe nkiri kpamkpam, kama a tọhapụrụ ya na Disney+ site na Star Hub na ọrụ VOD ndị ọzọ na Febụwarị 19, 2021. == Nnakwere == === Ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ === Empty Man nwetara nde $ 3 na United States na Canada, na nde $ 1.8 na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, maka ngụkọta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nde $ 4.8. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nde $ 1.3 site na ụlọ ihe nkiri 2,027 na ngwụsị izu mbụ ya, na emecha nke anọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ.  53% nke ndị na ege ntị bụ ụmụ nwoke, ebe 53% bụkwa ndị karịrị afọ 25. Ndị <ref>{{Cite web|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=November 1, 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/come-play-halloween-weekend-box-office-pandemic-honest-thief-hocus-pocus-1234607084/|title=Focus Features-Amblin Horror Movie 'Come Play' Leading Halloween Pandemic Weekend B.O. With $3M+|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=November 1, 2020}}</ref>-enyocha ihe nkiri ahụ kwuru na ọ bụ ihe nkiri ahụ na arụ ọrụ n'ọfịs dị ala na ndị na ege ntị na eche na ọ bụ fim ọzọ na eyi egwu nke na eto eto na eyi ihe nkiri dị ka Slender Man na The Bye Man, na enweghị ahịa ọ bụla site na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta RelishMix na ekwu, sị: "Mgbasa ozi na mmekọrịta maka 20th's The Empty Man dara naanị otu izu gara aga na [Ọktoba] Mgbasa ozi ọ bụla dị mma maka indie, otu ugboro ma ọ bụ onye na asọmpi dị elu ga ada na $ 57% nke atọ ya mgbe ahụ. <ref name="opening">{{Cite web|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 25, 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/honest-thief-empty-man-after-we-collided-weekend-box-office-1234602930/|title='Honest Thief' Continues To Lead Lackluster Pandemic Box Office, 'Empty Man' Tripped By Holdovers|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=October 25, 2020}}</ref> === Nzaghachi nkatọ === <ref name="G&M">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/reviews/article-barely-promoted-horror-the-empty-man-cements-the-fact-that-its-dark/|title=Barely promoted horror The Empty Man cements the fact that it's dark days indeed for moviegoers|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|publisher=[[The Woodbridge Company]]|author=Hertz|first=Barry|date=October 23, 2020|accessdate=October 24, 2020}}</ref> gosighị Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu tupu oge eruo maka ndị nkatọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, nyocha mbụ ya dịkwa njọ. <ref name="thrillist">{{Cite web|author=Jackson|first=Dan|date=March 23, 2021|title=How the Horror Flop 'The Empty Man' Became the Great Cult Movie of 2020|url=https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/the-empty-man-david-prior-interview|work=[[Thrillist]]|publisher=[[Group Nine Media]]|accessdate=July 8, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Rejects"/> Onye nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_empty_man|title=The Empty Man (2020)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|accessdate=February 3, 2024}}</ref> akọ na 76% nke ndị nkatọ 29 enyewo ihe nkiri ahụ nyocha dị mma, na nkezi nke 5.8/10 . Barry Hertz nke The Globe and Mail nyere ihe nkiri ahụ /4, na ede, sị: "Ndị na-ahụ ihe ike ike aha ka mma, ọ bụ ebe na. Mgbe m na-eji ihe ngosi nke ehihie, nke ndị ọzọ ụzọ bịara, akara m afọ ojuju. "Ọ bụ ihe efu, ị nwere ike ikwu ya. " N'ide maka The Only Critic, Nate Adams nyere ya "D−", na pụtapụta na "ịgba ọsọ ogologo awa abụọ na abụọ iri abụọ, The Empty Man - ma ọnọdụ anya nwa nwanne nne ya bụ ihe a wepụrụ ugboro abụọ site na The Bye Man ma ọ bụghị ezigbo ụlọ ọrụ". <ref name="RueMorgue">{{Cite web|url=https://rue-morgue.com/movie-review-the-empty-man-goes-to-strange-unexpected-places/|title="The Empty Man" Goes to Strange, Unexpected Places|work=[[Rue Morgue (magazine)|Rue Morgue]]|author=Gingold|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Gingold|date=October 22, 2020|accessdate=October 23, 2020}}</ref>Michael Gingold nke Rue Morgue nyere ihe nkiri ahụ nyocha dị mma, na ekwu na ọ bụ "ọ bụghị ihe nkiri niile ka ụgbọala na ere ya, na nke a, nke ahụ bụ ihe dị mma". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-empty-man-movie-review-2021|title="The Empty Man" Review|work=[[RogerEbert.com]]|author=Tallerico|first=Brian|date=January 12, 2021|accessdate=April 14, 2021}}</ref> Tallerico nke ''RogerEbert.com'' nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 2.5/4 wee dee na "otu oge ọ bụla, ụlọ ọrụ na eli ọrụ n'ihi na ha anaghị enweta ya. Olee otú ị ga esi ree ihe nkiri dị ka The Empty Man? Ị naghị anwa. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ihu ọma, ndị na ege ntị na ahụ ya n'onwe ha. " === Nzaghachi ndị na ege ntị === Ndị na ege ntị nke CinemaScore nyochara nyere ihe nkiri ahụ akara nke "D+" na ọkwa A+ ruo F. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Brueggemann|first=Tom|title='The Empty Man' Opens at Empty Theaters as Weekend Box Office Grosses Less Than $10 Million|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/10/the-empty-man-empty-theaters-weekend-box-offi-e-1234595061/|work=IndieWire|date=25 October 2020|quote=no reviews (even the trades didn’t check in over the weekend), and a D+ Cinemascore.}}</ref><ref name="opening"/>PostTrak kọrọ na 42% nke ndị na ege ntị nyere ihe nkiri ahụ akara dị mma, na "ihe jọgburu onwe ya" 25% na ekwu na ha ga atụ aro ya n'ezie. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wnJoNE2JChY|title=The Empty Man Deserves a Cult Following|work=[[YouTube]]|author=[[Chris Stuckmann]]|date=March 21, 2021|accessdate=March 31, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/04/the-empty-man-is-the-next-great-cult-horror-film.html|title=The Empty Man Is the Next Great Cult Horror Film|work=Vulture|first=Tres|author=Dean|date=April 6, 2021|accessdate=August 5, 2021}}</ref><ref name="thrillist"/> ka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ si kwuo, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere "ihe ndị na eme n'okpukpe" ma chọta ndụ nke abụọ na mgbasa ozi ụlọ. <ref name="Rejects"/>' Film School Rejects dere, sị: "Dị ka ọ na eme na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ofufe, ndị na ege ntị The Empty Man amalitela ile adịghị ike nke ihe nkiri ahụ anya dị ka ike ya. " == Ihe edeturu == == Ihe odide == . [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4d4xqxb5tkifhw9f4fgfej8de9zannq 0 36375 728226 150387 2026-09-26T14:23:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Stephen Ogooluwa "Ogo" Adegboye''' (mụrụ 23 Septemba 1987) bụ onye egwuregwu basketball nke Nigeria-British bụ onye ikpeazụ gbara maka London Lions nke British Basketball League (BBL). == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, Adegboye kwagara London mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Brixton Topcats nke English Basketball League, tupu ọ kwaga US ịga Findlay College Prep. == Ọrụ kọleji == Adegboye nọrọ oge abụọ na Lamar Community College na Colorado, ebe ọ na-enweta akara 11.1 na 3.2 nyere aka n'egwuregwu ọ bụla, tupu ọ gaa Mahadum St. Bonaventure, ebe ọ gbara St. Bona aventure Bonnies. N'afọ mbụ ya, ọ nwetara akara 6.6, 2.4 nyere aka, na 1.7 rebounds, na nkeji 21.6 kwa egwuregwu maka Bonnies. <ref>[http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/player/_/id/45564/ogo-adegboye ESPN Player Profile Ogo Adegboye.]</ref>'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya, ọ malitere egwuregwu 31 niile ma duzie mba ahụ na nkeji, na-emecha oge ahụ na-enweta akara 11.5, 4 nyere aka, na 3.1 rebounds na nkeji 39 kwa egwuregwu. == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Adegboye malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya, na 2011, na APOEL nke Cypriot Basketball League . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogo Adegboye Signs in Cyprus|url=http://www.hoopsfix.com/2011/09/ogo-adegboye-signs-in-cyprus/|work=hoopsfix.com|accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref> Na APOEL, ọ na-eme nkezi 10.2ppg, 1.9rpg, 2.2apg na 1.3spg. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogo Adegboye inks in Cyprus with Etha Engomis|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/cat/nba/94173/ogo-adegboye-inks-in-cyprus-with-etha-engomis.html|work=Sportando.com|accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref>'afọ sochirinụ, ọ nọrọ na Saịprọs, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta ya na ndị mmeri na-agba ọsọ ETHA Engomis. Ya na ETHA, ọ meriri Cypriot Cup na 2013. N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, Adegboye sonyeere Nea Kifisia nke Greek Basket League . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogo Adegboye inks with Nea Kifisia|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/greece/107592/ogo-adegboye-inks-with-nea-kifisia.html|work=Sportando.com|accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogo Adegboye signs a short-term deal with Aris Thessaloniki|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/greece/137621/ogo-adegboye-signs-a-short-term-deal-with-aris-thessaloniki.html|work=Sportando.com|accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref> sonyeere Aris Thessaloniki na 2014 na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta otu ọnwa, iji dochie Torey Thomas merụrụ ahụ. Na 30 Septemba 2016 Adegboye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu ọnwa na Vanoli Cremona nke LBA. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vanoli Cremona officially signs Ogo Adegboye|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/italy/serie-a/177360/vanoli-cremona-officially-signs-ogo-adegboye.html|work=Sportando.com|accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Juvecaserta announces Ogo Adegboye|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/italy/serie-a/184236/juvecaserta-announces-ogo-adegboye.html|work=Sportando.com|accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref> hapụrụ nkwekọrịta ya na Vanoli Cremona na Disemba wee sonye na Juvecaserta Basket . [1] Ọ hapụrụ otu ahụ otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị wee sonye na Viola Reggio Calabria maka oge fọdụrụnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogo Adegboye inks with Kimi|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/greece/215257/ogo-adegboye-inks-with-kimi.html|work=Sportando.com|accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref>'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, Adegboye laghachiri na Gris wee sonye na Kymis nke e buliri elu nke Greek Basket League, na-anọchi Juan'ya Green na ndị otu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogo Adegboye join Pallacanestro Forlì|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/italy/serie-a2-est/225319/ogo-adegboye-join-pallacanestro-forli.html|work=Sportando.com|accessdate=February 6, 2017}}</ref> 4 Febụwarị 2017 ọ hapụrụ Kymis wee laghachi Ịtali iji sonyere Fulgor Libertas Forlì maka oge fọdụrụnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelondonlions.com/gb-international-ogo-joins-lions/|title=GB International Ogo Joins Lions|work=thelondonlions.com|date=January 17, 2020|accessdate=January 20, 2020}}</ref> Jenụwarị 17, 2020, Adegboye bịanyere aka na London Lions na England maka Oge BBL 2019-20 iji dochie [[Jorge Romero (basketball)|Jorge Romero]]. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == N'afọ 2010, Adegboye mere nke mbụ ya na ndị otu egwuregwu basketball nke mba Great Britain. Ya na ndị otu mba Britain, ọ gbara bọọlụ na EuroBasket 2011 na EuroBasquet 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Ogo%20ADEGBOYE/pid/86722/_//players.html |title=Ogo ADEGBOYE (ENG). |access-date=2024-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407131600/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Ogo%20ADEGBOYE/pid/86722/_//players.html |archive-date=2023-04-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == Disemba wee sonye na Juvecaserta Basket . [1] Ọ hapụrụ otu ahụ otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị wee sonye na Viola Reggio Calabria maka oge fọdụrụnụ. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://twitter.com/OgoAde Akụkọ Twitter] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230407131600/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Ogo%20ADEGBOYE/pid/86722/_//players.html FIBA Archive Profile] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161113113556/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/gamecent/p/pid/6048357/playerview.html FIBA Game Center Profile] * [http://www.fibaeurope.com/cid_KNce8jInH7Qj1EsyH5rjn2.teamID_96279.compID_BYg5Rb55Jw-G5I3MZ6JB01.season_2013.roundID_9148.playerID_86722.html FIBA Europe Profile] * [http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ogooluwa_Adegboye/Greece/AE_Nea_Kifisia_Dimoulas_Athens/152473 Eurobasket.com Profile] * Greek League Profile (n'asụsụ Bekee) * Njikọ Greek (n'asụsụ Grik) * Profile nke Italian League (n'asụsụ Italian) * [http://gobonnies.sbu.edu/sports/m-baskbl/2010-11/bios/adegboye_ogo00.html St. Bonaventure College Profile] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fxr0uvw1nbxg3sncewibr1znj6zy70n 0 36535 728370 723623 2026-09-27T01:36:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''''Saworoide''''' bụ Ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke afọ 1999, nke [[Tunde Kelani]] mepụtara ma duzie. Ndị <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/305858/Saworoide/overview|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2016|title=Saworoide (1999)|accessdate=5 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307040626/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/305858/Saworoide/overview|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>-eme ya bụ [[Kola Oyewo]], [[Bukky Wright]], [[Lere Paimo]], Larinde Akinleye, [[Peter Fatomilola]], Kunle Bamtefa, [[Adebayo Faleti]], Kayode Olaiya na Doyin Hassan. ''Saworoide'' na-egosi ọnọdụ nke omenala Yoruba ochie n'obodo Jogbo ebe a na-enweghị ike ikpu mmadụ eze na-enweghị ememe nke na-agụnye ịkpọ saworoide (English: brass bell talking drum). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.roughafrica.com/article/57-the-mystery-saworoide-|title=THE MYSTERY 'SAWOROIDE'|publisher=Rough Africa|author=Eniola|first=Babatunde|date=3 January 2014|accessdate=5 November 2015|archivedate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031617/http://www.roughafrica.com/article/57-the-mystery-saworoide-}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Ogundipe|first=Ayodele|url=https://www.codesria.org/IMG/pdf/GA_Chapter-6_ogundipe.pdf|title=Gender and Culture in Indigenous Films in Nigeria|year=2004|pages=93–94|archive-date=2022-03-05|access-date=2024-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305174322/https://codesria.org/IMG/pdf/GA_Chapter-6_ogundipe.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> depụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri Yoruba 10 kacha ere ahịa. [1] == Atụmatụ == Ọ na-emeghe n'oge ochie n'obodo Jogbo. Onye ụkọchukwu ahụ gwara eze na a ga-enwe nkwekọrịta n'etiti ụmụ amaala Jogbo na ndị eze ha, na-eji mgbịrịgba ọla na usoro ememe ahụ, nakwa na a ga na-emekwa usoro ememe nke ndị eze na-esote. A ka họpụtara eze ọhụrụ, Lapite (Kola Oyewo) na Jogbo; enwere okwu ogologo oge na ndị eze Jogbo anaghị enwe mmetụta na ọgaranya dị ka ndị eze nke ókèala ndị ọzọ. Lapite chọpụtara site n'aka enyi ya na Chief, Balogun (Lere Paimo) na ọ bụ n'ihi omenala ochie nke ememe ndị eze, n'ihi ya Lapite ghọgburu usoro ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Balogun mechara mụta site n'aka otu agadi nwoke ahụ gwara ya, na onye ọ bụla na-aghọ aghụghọ na usoro ahụ ga-eche ihe si na ya na onye ọzọ kerịta ọchịchị ya ihu, nakwa na ọ bụrụ na ọ gee ntị na Saworoide (mgba ọla) na-akpọ, ọ ga-anwụ n'ihi isi ọwụ. Lapite n'ihi ya zigara ndị ogbu mmadụ igbu ezinụlọ Adebomi, onye ọ na-ewere dị ka ihe iyi egwu (ma ha egbughị nwa ha), ma nye iwu ka e jide onye na-elekọta Saworoide, Ayangalu (Ayantunji Amoo), tinyere ịgbà ya. Otú ọ dị, otu n'ime ndị isi ahụ gwara Ayangalu ma ya na nwa Adeboro gbapụ, na-ahapụ Saworoide ka e jide ya. Eze ọhụrụ ahụ lụrụ nwunye ọzọ, Tinuola (Bukky Wright), onye dị ime maka onye ọ hụrụ n'anya, mana a dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ debe ya na nzuzo ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ohere na-agbanwe ndụ nke ịbụ eze nwanyị. Lapite na ndị na-etinye ego n'oge a na-ejikọ aka ịmalite nyocha nke akụ na ụba obodo ahụ, ọkachasị ịkwa osisi, na iji nlezianya bibie ihe ọkụkụ ndị mmadụ na usoro ahụ. Ndị isi na Eze malitere ibi ndụ nke akụ na ụba, na-eme ka ndị nta akụkọ ghara ịdị na ya. Lapite jụkwara ige ụmụ amaala Jogbo ntị bụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe mgbe niile megide ihe na-aga n'ihu. N'ihi ya, agha bilitere n'etiti ndị nwe ugbo ma ha malitere ịwakpo ndị ọrụ nọ n'ugbo ha, nke mere ka ndị ọrụ gaa ngagharị iwe. Lapite malitere imegide ndị otu ya, na-ejide ndị mmadụ ma ghọọ onye ọchịchị aka ike. Ụfọdụ ndị otu ndị nwe ugbo ahụ gakwuuru onye ụkọchukwu obodo ahụ, Amawomaro (Peter Fatomilola) ma gwa ha na naanị ụzọ isi pụta bụ ijide n'aka na Adé idẹ (Kpu Ahịhịa) anọghị n'obí eze ruo ụbọchị 15. Ndị agha ahụ na-achọ enyemaka si n'èzí; otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egbu osisi na-enye ego, mana na nzuzo iji ha mee ihe na-enweghị isi maka ọdịmma nke ha. Ha na-eme ọtụtụ mwakpo dị ka ịnapụ emume iji zuo okpueze eze, nke e mesịrị nweta site n'enyemaka nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egbutu osisi mgbe e nyere ha aka azụ. Aresejabata (Kunle Afolayan) malitere imete enyi na Araparegangan (Kabirat Kafidipe) onye a na-eche na ọ bụ nwa Lapite. Ọ gwara ya na ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè, na ọ bụ nwa Adebomi e gburu. Lapite chọpụtara ma nye iwu ka e gbuo Aresejabata, n'echeghị na e gburu Arapa n'ime usoro ahụ. Tinuola nụrụ ma gwa nwa ya nwanyị ka ya na Arese gbapụ na nnọkọ na obodo nta ahụ. Ndị agha na-eme ngagharị iwe nke ọma, na-egbu Lapite; Ọfịsa Lagata (Kunle Bamtefa) na-eweghara ọchịchị Jogbo. Balogun na Seriki (Larinde Akinleye) na gọọmentị ọhụrụ ahụ na-emekọrịta ihe ọzọ. Ndị bụbu ndị agha na-eme atụmatụ igbu eze ọhụrụ ahụ site n'ime Ayangalu, onye nọ n'ebe a chụgara ya ka ọ bụrụ Saworoide na Jogbo. Otu n'ime ndị agha ahụ raara ha nye ma jide Ayangalu. Otú ọ dị, Ayangalu ejirila ịgbà ya kpọọ nwa ya nwoke obere oge tupu e jide ya. Nwa ya nwoke, Ayanniyi (Segun Oni) laghachiri ma mee Saworoide ozugbo e kpuwere Lagata okpueze, ọ nwụkwara n'ihi isi ọwụwa. A na-eji ọgwụ ekechi ndị agha ka ha nọrọ n'akụkụ ndị mmadụ; Aresejabata natara mmalite ịghọ eze. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * nsibia [[Kola Oyewo]] dị ka Oba Lapite * [[Bukky Wright]] dị ka Olori Tinuola * [[Lere Paimo]] dị ka Balogun * Larinde Akinleye dị ka Seriki * Ayantunji Amoo dị ka Ayangalu * [[Peter Fatomilola]] dị ka Amawomaro * Kunle Bamtefa dị ka Ogagun Lagata * [[Adebayo Faleti]] dị ka Baba Opalaba * Kayode Olaiya dị ka Bada * Laide Adewale dị ka Otun * Jab Adu dị ka Lagbayi * Tunde Salisu dị ka Kujenra * Moji Bamtefa dị ka Agbegilodo * Doyin Hassan dị ka Olojowon * Lai Karounwi dị ka Fadiya * [[Kunle Afolayan]] dị ka Aresejabata * Kabirat Kafidipe dị ka Araparegangan * Biodun Aleja dị ka Kangidi * Bose Adewoyin dị ka Asabi * [[Akinwunmi Isola]] dị ka Ifa Priest * Tunde Ojeyemi dị ka onye nyocha nke ndị uwe ojii * Goroso dị ka Adebomi * Segun Oni dị ka Ayanniyi == Ihe Ndị sochiri ya == Ihe na-esote ''Saworoide'' bụ ''Agogo Eewo'' ma wepụta ya na 2002. Kelani kwupụtara na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na prequel akpọrọ ''Iyan Esuru'' site na Twitter ya na 10 Eprel 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nwogu|first=Precious|date=2021-04-19|title=Exclusive: A 'Ṣaworoidẹ' prequel titled 'Iyán Èsúrú' is officially in the works!|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/exclusive-a-aworoide-prequel-titled-iyan-esuru-is-officially-in-the-works/xgwcwnp|accessdate=2021-09-04|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite web|url=http://www.sonta.nico.gov.ng/index.php/papers/328-adedina-femi-phd-taiwo-victor-tunji-aesthetics-and-semiotics-in-nigerian-films-an-analysis-of-saworoide-brass-bell-a-tunde-kilani-s-film|title=Aesthetics and Semiotics in Nigerian Films: An Analysis of Saworoide (Brass Bell), A Tunde Kilani's Film|work=National Institute of Cultural Orientation|author=Adedina|first=Femi|date=2015|accessdate=2024-02-21|archivedate=2018-03-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314052049/http://www.sonta.nico.gov.ng/index.php/papers/328-adedina-femi-phd-taiwo-victor-tunji-aesthetics-and-semiotics-in-nigerian-films-an-analysis-of-saworoide-brass-bell-a-tunde-kilani-s-film}} == Njikọ mpụga == pj8bn4kf2tmx47hzdnm6a1pasmq52u4 0 36813 728190 722959 2026-09-26T12:13:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ntụgharị igwe nke asụsụ ndị ogbi''' emeela, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị obere, kemgbe 1977. Mgbe ọrụ nyocha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na-ejikọta mkpụrụedemede Bekee site na keyboard gaa na mkpụrụedemede ASL nke a na-eme ka ọ dị n'aka robot. Nkà na ụzụ ndị a na-asụgharị asụsụ ndị aka n'asụsụ e dere ede ma ọ bụ nke a na-ekwu, na asụsụ e dere ede ọ bụ nke e kwuru iji asụsụ ndị aka, na-enweghị onye ntụgharị mmadụ. Asụsụ ndị ogbi nwere ọdịdị ụdaume dị iche iche karịa asụsụ ndị a na-asụ, nke mepụtara ihe mgbochi maka ndị mmepe. Ndị mmepe na-eji ọhụụ kọmputa na mmụta igwe iji mata ụfọdụ akụkụ phonological na epentheses <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mocialov|first=Boris|title=Towards Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Deep Learning|journal=Creating Meaning with Robot Assistants: The Gap Left by Smart Devices (IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots)|date=2017|url=http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~hh117/pubs/humanoids.pdf|archive-date=2021-01-10|access-date=2024-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110153500/http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~hh117/pubs/humanoids.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> pụrụ iche maka asụsụ ndị ogbi, na njirimara okwu na nhazi asụsụ okike na-enye ohere nkwurịta okwu mmekọrịta n'etiti ndị na-anụ ihe na ndị ntị chiri. == Oke == Nkà na ụzụ ntụgharị asụsụ ndị ogbi nwere oke n'otu ụzọ ahụ dịka ntụgharị asụsụ a na-asụ. Ọ dịghị onye nwere ike ịsụgharị ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi 100%. N'ezie, teknụzụ ntụgharị asụsụ ndị ogbi nọ n'azụ ndị ibe ha na-asụ. Nke a bụ, n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi, n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na asụsụ ndị a na-ahụ anya nwere ọtụtụ articulators. Ebe a na-asụ asụsụ site na ụda olu, a na-ekwupụta asụsụ ndị aka site na aka, ogwe aka, isi, ubu, ahụ, na akụkụ ihu. Nkwupụta a nwere ọtụtụ ọwa na-eme ka ịsụgharị asụsụ ndị ogbi sie ike. Ihe ịma aka ọzọ maka asụsụ ndị ogbi MT bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na enweghị usoro ederede maka asụsụ ndị aka. E nwere usoro akara mana ọ nweghị usoro ederede nke ndị ntị chiri mba ụwa nabatara n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke na enwere ike iwere ya dị ka 'ụdị ederede' nke asụsụ ndị ogbi enyere. A na-edekọ asụsụ ndị ogbi n'ụdị vidiyo dị iche iche. Enweghị akara ọla edo nke buru ibu maka SMT, dịka ọmụmaatụ. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ntụgharị asụsụ ndị ogbi na-akpaghị aka malitere site na mmepe nke ngwaike dịka aka robot na-asụ mkpịsị aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jaffe|first=DL|title=Evolution of mechanical fingerspelling hands for people who are deaf-blind.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-rehabilitation-research-and-development_1994-08_31_3/page/236|journal=Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development|date=August 1994|volume=31|issue=3|pages=236–244|pmid=7965881}}</ref>'afọ 1977, ọrụ aka mkpịsị aka a na-akpọ RALPH (nke dị mkpirikpi maka "Robotic Alphabet") mepụtara aka robot nke nwere ike ịsụgharị mkpụrụedemede n'ime mkpịsị ụkwụ. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Parton|first=B. S.|title=Sign Language Recognition and Translation: A Multidisciplined Approach From the Field of Artificial Intelligence|journal=Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education|date=12 October 2005|volume=11|issue=1|pages=94–101|doi=10.1093/deafed/enj003|pmid=16192405}}</ref> oge na-aga, iji gloves na sensọ mmegharị ghọrọ ihe a ma ama, a mụkwara ụfọdụ ọrụ dịka CyberGlove na VPL Data Glove. Ngwaọrụ a na-eyi na-eme ka o kwe omume ijide ọdịdị aka na mmegharị aka nke ndị bịanyere aka site n'enyemaka nke ngwanrọ kọmputa. Otú <ref name=":2" /> dị, site na mmepe nke ọhụụ kọmputa, a na-eji igwefoto dochie ngwaọrụ ndị a na-eyi n'ihi arụmọrụ ha na obere ihe mgbochi anụ ahụ na ndị na-etinye aka. Iji dozie data a<ref>{{Cite book|doi=10.1109/IJCNN.1999.832699|chapter=Gesture recognition for virtual reality applications using data gloves and neural networks|title=IJCNN'99. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36339)|year=1999|author=Weissmann|first=J.|pages=2043–2046|isbn=978-0-7803-5529-3}}</ref> site na ngwaọrụ, ndị na-eme nchọpụta mejupụtara netwọkụ akwara dịka Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator [1] maka njirimara njirimara na ọrụ dịka CyberGlove. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ejikwa ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ maka ịmata akara. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bowden|first=Richard|title=Vision based Interpretation of Natural Sign Languages|date=2003|url=http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Bowden/publications/icvs03/icvs03pos.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113937/http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Bowden/publications/icvs03/icvs03pos.pdf|archive-date=2023-02-10|access-date=2024-02-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji Hidden Markov Models nyochaa data na ọnụ ọgụgụ, [1] na GRASP na mmemme mmụta igwe ndị ọzọ na-eji usoro ọzụzụ iji melite izi ezi nke njirimara akara. <ref name=":2" /> Njikọ nke teknụzụ ndị <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bird|first=Jordan J.|title=British Sign Language Recognition via Late Fusion of Computer Vision and Leap Motion with Transfer Learning to American Sign Language|journal=Sensors|date=9 September 2020|volume=20|issue=18|pages=5151|doi=10.3390/s20185151|pmid=32917024}}</ref> na-apụghị iyi ejiji dị ka igwefoto na ndị na-achịkwa Leap Motion egosila na ha na-abawanye ikike nke njirimara asụsụ ndị ogbi na ngwanrọ ntụgharị. === Ihe ịrịba ama n'olu dara ụda === SignAloud bụ teknụzụ nke na-agụnye gloves abụọ nke otu ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Washington mere nke na-asụgharị <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/158054/what-is-the-difference-between-translation-and-transliteration|title=What is the difference between translation and transliteration|work=english.stackexchange.com|accessdate=2017-04-06}}</ref> American Sign Language (ASL) n'asụsụ Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lemelson.mit.edu/winners/thomas-pryor-and-navid-azodi|title=SignAloud|accessdate=2024-02-24|archivedate=2020-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921111116/https://lemelson.mit.edu/winners/thomas-pryor-and-navid-azodi}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2015 Thomas Pryor, nwa akwụkwọ na-anụ ihe na Mahadum Washington, mepụtara prototype mbụ maka ngwaọrụ a na Hack [[Arizona]], hackathon na Mahaduma Arizona. Pryor gara n'ihu na-emepụta ihe ahụ ma n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2015, Pryor wetara Navid Azodi na ọrụ SignAloud maka ahịa na enyemaka na mmekọrịta ọha na eze. Azodi nwere ọgaranya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lemelson.mit.edu/winners/thomas-pryor-and-navid-azodi|title=Thomas Pryor and Navid Azodi {{!}} Lemelson-MIT Program|work=lemelson.mit.edu|accessdate=2019-07-04|archivedate=2020-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921111116/https://lemelson.mit.edu/winners/thomas-pryor-and-navid-azodi}}</ref> itinye aka na nchịkwa azụmahịa, ebe Pryor nwere ọgarịa nke ahụmịhe na injinia. <ref name="alltechconsidered">{{Cite news|title=These Gloves Offer A Modern Twist On Sign Language|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/05/17/478244421/these-gloves-offer-a-modern-twist-on-sign-language|work=All Tech Considered|publisher=NPR|date=17 May 2016}}</ref>'ọnwa Mee afọ 2016, ha abụọ gwara NPR na ha na ndị na-eji ASL arụkọ ọrụ nke ọma ka ha wee nwee ike ịghọta ndị na-ege ha ntị nke ọma ma hazie ngwaahịa ha maka mkpa nke ndị a karịa mkpa a na-eche. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị nsụgharị ọzọ a tọhapụrụ kemgbe ahụ. Ihe nchoputa a bu otu n'ime asaa meriri Lemelson-MIT Student Prize, nke na-achọ inye onyinye na ịkụ aka na-eto eto. Ihe ha mepụtara dara n'okpuru ụdị "Jiri ya!" nke onyinye ahụ nke gụnyere ọganihu teknụzụ na ngwaahịa ndị dị ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washington.edu/news/2016/04/12/uw-undergraduate-team-wins-10000-lemelson-mit-student-prize-for-gloves-that-translate-sign-language/|title=UW undergraduate team wins $10,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize for gloves that translate sign language|publisher=University of Washington|accessdate=2017-04-09|date=2016-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lemelson.mit.edu/news/collegiate-inventors-awarded-lemelson-mit-student-prize|title=Collegiate Inventors Awarded Lemelson-MIT Student Prize|publisher=Lemelson-MIT Program|accessdate=2017-03-09|archivedate=2021-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113160845/https://lemelson.mit.edu/news/collegiate-inventors-awarded-lemelson-mit-student-prize}}</ref> nyere ha $ 10,000. [1] [2] Gloves nwere ihe mmetụta nke na-eso ndị ọrụ na-agagharị aka wee zipụ data na sistemụ kọmputa site na Bluetooth. Usoro kọmputa ahụ <ref name="alltechconsidered"/>-enyocha data ahụ ma mee ka ọ kwekọọ na okwu Bekee, nke olu dijitalụ na-ekwu n'olu dara ụda. Gloves enweghị ikike maka ntinye Bekee edere na mmepụta mmegharị glove ma ọ bụ ikike ịnụ asụsụ wee bịanye aka na ya na onye ntị chiri, nke pụtara na ha anaghị enye nkwurịta okwu. Ngwaọrụ ahụ a<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-layout/nonmanualmarkers.htm|title=Nonmanual markers in American Sign Language (ASL)|work=www.lifeprint.com|accessdate=2017-04-06}}</ref> etinye ihu ihu na akara ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke aka nke asụsụ ndị ogbi, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe nkọwa n'ezie site na ASL. === Nkwupụta === <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prodeaf.net/en-us|title=ProDeaf|work=www.prodeaf.net|accessdate=2017-03-09}}</ref> (WebLibras) <ref>{{Cite web|title=ProDeaf|url=http://prodeaf.net|accessdate=2017-04-09|work=prodeaf.net}}</ref> bụ ngwanrọ kọmputa nke nwere ike ịsụgharị ma ederede na olu n'asụsụ Portuguese Libras (Asụsụ Ogbi Portuguese) "na ebumnuche nke imeziwanye nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị ntị chiri na ndị na-anụ ihe. " [1] E nwere mbipụta beta ugbu a na mmepụta maka Asụsụ Ogbi America. Ndị otu mbụ malitere ọrụ ahụ na 2010 site na njikọta nke ndị ọkachamara gụnyere ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ, ndị na-emepụta ihe, ndị mmemme, na ndị nsụgharị, ma ndị na-anụ ihe ma ndị ntị chiri. Ndị otu ahụ malitere na Mahadum Federal nke Pernambuco (UFPE) site n'otu ìgwè ụmụ akwụkwọ na-etinye aka na ọrụ sayensị kọmputa. Ìgwè ahụ nwere onye otu ntị chiri nke na-esiri ndị ọzọ ike ikwurịta okwu. Iji mezue ọrụ ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prodeaf.net/en-us/QuemSomos|title=ProDeaf|work=www.prodeaf.net|accessdate=2017-03-16}}</ref> nyere onye otu ahụ aka ikwurịta okwu, otu ahụ mepụtara Proativa Soluções ma na-aga n'ihu kemgbe ahụ. Ụdị beta nke ugbu a na American Sign Language pere mpe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ngalaba akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na naanị okwu dị n'okpuru mkpụrụedemede 'j' bụ 'jump'. Ọ bụrụ na ejighi okwu ahụ emepụta ngwaọrụ ahụ, mgbe ahụ avatar dijitalụ ga-ede okwu ahụ. Mmelite ikpeazụ nke ngwa ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/prodeaf-tradutor-para-libras/id651120192?mt=8|title=ProDeaf Tradutor para Libras on the App Store|work=App Store|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210727/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/prodeaf-tradutor-para-libras/id651120192?mt=8|archive-date=2015-11-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> na June 2016, mana ProDeaf egosila n'ihe karịrị akụkọ 400 gafee ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kachasị ewu ewu na mba ahụ. Ngwa ahụ enweghị ike ịgụ asụsụ ndị ogbi ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ okwu ma ọ bụ ederede, yabụ ọ na-eje ozi naanị dị ka nkwurịta okwu otu ụzọ. Tụkwasị na nke a, onye ọrụ ahụ enweghị ike ịbanye na ngwa ahụ ma nata nsụgharị Bekee n'ụdị ọ bụla, dịka Bekee ka dị na mbipụta beta. === Onye ntụgharị asụsụ ogbi nke Kinect === Kemgbe afọ 2012, ndị na-eme nchọpụta sitere na Chinese Academy of Sciences na ndị ọkachamara na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri site na Mahadum Beijing Union na China anọwo na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị otu Microsoft Research Asian iji mepụta Kinect Sign Language Translator . <ref>{{Cite web|first=Xilin|author=Chen|title=Kinect Sign Language Translator expands communication possibilities|url=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/stories/kinectforsignlanguage_cs.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329034742/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/stories/kinectforsignlanguage_cs.pdf|archivedate=29 March 2014|publisher=Microsoft Research Connections}}</ref> Onye ntụgharị nwere ụzọ abụọ: ụzọ onye ntụgharị na ụzọ nkwurịta okwu. Ọnọdụ onye ntụgharị nwere ike ịsụgharị otu okwu site na akara gaa na okwu edere ede na vice versa. Ọnọdụ nkwurịta okwu nwere ike ịsụgharị ahịrịokwu zuru ezu na mkparịta ụka ahụ nwere ike ịmegharị na-akpaghị aka site na iji avatar 3D. Ọnọdụ onye ntụgharị nwekwara ike ịchọpụta ọnọdụ na ọdịdị aka nke onye bịanyere aka yana usoro mmegharị site na iji teknụzụ nke mmụta igwe, njirimara njirimara, na Ọhụụ kọmputa. Ngwaọrụ ahụ <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chai|first=Xiujuan|title=Sign Language Recognition and Translation with Kinect|date=2013|url=https://vipl.ict.ac.cn/uploadfile/upload/2013123111173937.pdf|archive-date=2020-09-18|access-date=2024-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918202528/https://vipl.ict.ac.cn/uploadfile/upload/2013123111173937.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>-enyekwa ohere maka Nkwupụta okwu n'ihi na teknụzụ njirimara okwu na-enye ohere ka a sụgharịa asụsụ a na-asụ n'asụsụ ndị ogbi na 3D modeling avatar nwere ike ịbịaghachi na ndị ntị chiri. A malitere ọrụ mbụ ahụ na China dabere na ịsụgharị asụsụ ogbi Chinese. N'afọ 2013, e gosipụtara ọrụ ahụ na Microsoft Research Faculty Summit na nzukọ ụlọ ọrụ Microsoft. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/kinect-sign-language-translator-part-1/|title=Kinect Sign Language Translator|work=[[Microsoft]]|date=29 October 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|doi=10.1145/2070481.2070532|chapter=American sign language recognition with the kinect|title=Proceedings of the 13th international conference on multimodal interfaces - ICMI '11|year=2011|author=Zafrulla|first=Zahoor|isbn=978-1-4503-0641-6}}</ref> ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na United States na-arụkwa ọrụ a iji mezuo nsụgharị American Sign Language. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwaọrụ ahụ ka bụ prototype, na izi ezi nke ntụgharị na ọnọdụ nkwurịta okwu ka ezughi oke. === Ihe ịrịba ama === SignAll <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.signall.us/|title=SignAll. We translate sign language. Automatically.|work=www.signall.us|language=en|accessdate=2017-04-09|archivedate=2021-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202140021/https://www.signall.us/}}</ref> bụ usoro ntụgharị asụsụ ndị ogbi na-akpaghị aka nke Dolphio Technologies <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dolphio.hu/en/|title=Dolphio {{!}} Unique IT Technologies|work=www.dolphio.hu|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-04-06}}</ref> nyere na Hungary. Ndị otu ahụ na-ebute ụzọ na ntụgharị asụsụ ndị ogbi nke mbụ, dabere na ọhụụ kọmputa na nhazi asụsụ okike (NLP), iji mee ka nkwurịta okwu kwa ụbọchị n'etiti ndị na-anụ ihe na-eji Bekee na ndị ntị chiri ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịghị anụ ihe na-ejikarị ASL. " Usoro SignAll na-eji Kinect sitere na Microsoft na kamera weebụ ndị ọzọ jikọtara na ihe mmetụta miri emi na kọmputa. Nkà na ụzụ Ọhụụ kọmputa nwere ike ịmata ọdịdị aka na mmegharị nke onye na-etinye aka, usoro nhazi asụsụ sitere n'okike na-agbanwe data anakọtara site na ọhụụ kọmputa n'ime okwu Bekee dị mfe. Onye mepụtara ngwaọrụ ahụ bụ onye ntị chiri na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ndị injinia na ndị ọkachamara asụsụ sitere na ndị ntị chiri na obodo ndị na-anụ ihe. Nkà na ụzụ ahụ nwere ikike itinye akụkụ ise niile nke ASL, nke na-enyere ngwaọrụ aka ịkọwa onye bịanyere aka n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Sig<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.signall.us/|title=SignAll. We translate sign language. Automatically.|work=www.signall.us|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-09|archivedate=2021-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202140021/https://www.signall.us/}}</ref> akwadowo site na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere Deloitte na LT-innovate ma mepụta mmekọrịta na Microsoft Bizspark na Hungary's Renewal. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fort Bend Christian Academy American Sign Language Program Pilots New Technology {{!}} Fort Bend Focus Magazine|url=http://www.fortbendfocus.com/fort-bend-christian-academy-american-sign-language-program-pilots-new-technology/|accessdate=2023-08-08|language=en-US}}</ref> na-eji teknụzụ a eme ihe ugbu a na Fort Bend Christian Academy na Sugar Land, [[Texas]] na Sam Houston State University . [1] === MotionSavvy === MotionSavvy <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/motionsavvy-uni-1st-sign-language-to-voice-system#/|title=MotionSavvy UNI: 1st sign language to voice system|work=Indiegogo|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-09}}</ref> bụ asụsụ ndị ogbi mbụ na usoro olu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rit.edu/|title=Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)|work=Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)|language=en|accessdate=2017-04-06}}</ref> mepụtara ngwaọrụ ahụ na 2012 site n'aka otu ìgwè sitere na [http://www.rit.edu/ Rochester Institute of Technology] / [http://www.ntid.rit.edu/ National Technical Institute for the Deaf] ma "site na Leap Motion accelerator AXLR8R". [1] Ndị otu ahụ jiri igbe mbadamba nke na-eji ike nke onye na-achịkwa Leap Moation. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/06/motionsavvy-is-a-tablet-app-that-understands-sign-language/|title=MotionSavvy Is A Tablet App That Understands Sign Language|author=Tsotsis|first=Alexia|work=TechCrunch|date=6 June 2014|accessdate=2017-04-09}}</ref> bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ntị chiri si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri mepụtara ndị otu mmadụ isii ahụ. Ngwaọrụ ahụ bụ ugbu a otu n'ime naanị ngwaọrụ nkwurịta okwu abụọ naanị maka Asụsụ Ogbi nke America. Ọ na-enye ndị ntị chiri ohere ịbịanye aka na ngwaọrụ nke a na-akọwa ma ọ bụ vice versa, na-ewere Bekee a na-asụ ma na-akọwaa nke ahụ n'asụsụ ndị ogbi nke America. Ngwaọrụ ahụ na-ebugharị maka $ 198. Ụfọdụ atụmatụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ikike imekọrịta ihe, nzaghachi oge ndụ, onye na-ewu akara, na akara igwe. Oge ọ bụla enyochawo ngwaọrụ ahụ site na magazin teknụzụ ruo Time. Wired kwuru, "Ọ bụghị ihe siri ike ịhụ etu teknụzụ dị ka [UNI] nwere ike isi bụrụ" nakwa na "[UNI] kụrụ m dị ka ụdị anwansi. "Katy Steinmetz na TIME kwuru, "Thenkọnzụ a nwere ike ịgbanwe ụzọ ndị ntị chiri si ebi ndụ. " Sean Buckley na Engadget kwuru, "UNI nwere ike ịghọ ''Ngwá ọrụ nkwurịta okwu'' dị egwu". == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8u5fpk8t0rxn9ywjyy3kbdm2g88vabw 0 36836 728396 439503 2026-09-27T04:01:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728396 wikitext text/x-wiki <! --{{Infobox film|name=Stander|image=|caption=Theatrical release poster|director=[[Bronwen Hughes]]|producer={{ubl|Hillard Elkins|Martin Katz|Chris Roland|[[Julia Verdin]]}}|writer=[[Bima Stagg]]|starring={{plainlist| * [[Thomas Jane]] * [[Deborah Kara Unger]] * Ashley Taylor * [[David O'Hara]] * [[Dexter Fletcher]] * [[Marius Weyers]] }}|music=[[David Holmes (musician)|David Holmes]]|cinematography=[[Jess Hall]]|editing=Robert Ivison|studio={{ubl|[[Grosvenor Park Productions]]|[[Seven Arts Pictures]]}}|distributor=ApolloProMedia GmbH & Co. 1. Filmproduktion KG|released={{film date|df=yes|2003|9|6|[[2003 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|2003|10|10|South Africa}}|runtime=110 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/stander-2003|title=Stander - BBFC|first=|last=|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=|accessdate=July 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710174724/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/stander-2003|archive-date=July 10, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>|country=South Africa|budget=$15 million|gross=$296,584<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standerfilm.com/|title=Stander (2004)|first=|last=|work=The Numbers|date=|accessdate=July 7, 2020|archivedate=September 6, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906120559/http://www.standerfilm.com/}}</ref>}}{{Databox}} Stander <ref name="interview">[http://www.blackfilm.com/20040806/features/thomasjane.shtml Stander: An Interview with Thomas Jane]</ref> Ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ South Africa nke 2003 nke Bronwen Hughes duziri, banyere Captain André Stander, onye uwe ojii South Africa ghọrọ onye ohi ụlọ akụ, nke Thomas Jane, onye jụrụ ọrụ ahụ na mbụ. <ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Movies/08/11/stander.hughes/index.html The police officer turned bank robber] at [[CNN]]</ref> <ref name="interview" />-eme ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ike ịgwa Allan Heyl okwu, otu n'ime ndị mmekọ Stander nke ka nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ; Cor van Deventer, onye uwe ojii ya; na onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ ebe a tụrụ Andre mkpọrọ. == Atụmatụ == Andre Stander bụ onye uwe ojii na Ndị uwe ojii South Africa, onye lụrụ di ọhụrụ na aha na-arịwanye elu dị ka onye isi ụgbọ mmiri kachasị nta na ndị uweojii. E kenyere ya na onye mmekọ ya na ndị isi ndị ọzọ ọrụ ịlụso ọgba aghara ọgụ n'ihi Nnupụisi Soweto. N'ime ọgba aghara nke otu n'ime ọgaranya na Tembisa, Stander gbagburu onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na-eto eto, nke na-enweghị ihe agha, nke na'emetụta ya nke ukwuu ma mee ka ọ daa mbà n'obi maka usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Otu ụbọchị n'oge ezumike nri ehihie ya, Stander kpebiri ịbanye na mberede ma zuo ụlọ akụ ohi. Ọ na-enwe obi ụtọ na ngwa ngwa ma kpebie ịmalite ọtụtụ izu ohi, ọbụnakwa na-azaghachi otu n'ime ikike ya dị ka onye ọrụ. N'ihi ohi ndị a, Cor Van Deventer, onye mmekọ Stander, na-eduga otu e kenyere iji gbuo onye ohi ụlọ akụ ọhụrụ ahụ. N'ikpeazụ na-enwe ike ịhụ site na ejiji Stander, ndị otu Van Deventer mechara jide ya. A napụrụ Stander ọnọdụ ya ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ 32. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, Stander zutere ndị ikom abụọ ọzọ, Lee McCall na Allan Heyl, bụ ndị ya na ha na-akwalite ọbụbụenyi ngwa ngwa. Ha atọ nwere nnukwu atụmatụ nke ihe ha ga-eme mgbe ha pụtara, ọbụnakwa na-ekwu na mgbe ha mere ha ga-alọghachi maka ibe ha. Mgbe otu afọ ma ọ bụ karịa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gasịrị, Stander na McCall na ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ na-aga igwu egwuregwu rugby. N'oge egwuregwu ahụ, ha na-eme ka e nwee mmerụ ahụ siri ike ma kpọga ha n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe ha kụrụ dọkịta ahụ n'amaghị onwe ha ma wepụ ndị nche na ngwá agha ha. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe Stander na McCall gbapụrụ maka Heyl, mmadụ atọ ahụ na-ewebata onwe ha n'etiti onwe ha dị ka aha ọhụrụ ha ma gaa n'ihu na-ezu ohi ụlọ akụ ole na ole, zụta ụlọ nchekwa dị oke ọnụ, ma zuo Porsche 911 Targa na-acha odo odo. Ka ndị ohi na-aga n'ihu, ihe ize ndụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-abawanye, dịka ndị uwe ojii na-achụ ndị a na-akpọ "Stander Gang" n'okpuru onye ọ bụla ọzọ karịa Cor Van Deventer. Mgbe a wakporo ụlọ ahịa égbè nke mere ka a gbaa nwanyị égbè ma nwee ike ịmata ndị otu ahụ, McCall na-atụfu ego n'ụzọ si n'ụlọ akụ pụta, na ịgba égbè McCall na ụlọ akụ ọzọ nke na-eduga na ịchụ ndị uwe ojii, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị otu ahụ hụrụ na ihu ọma ha na-agwụ ka ha na-aghọwanye ndị na-enweghị uche. Ikpebie na ọ ga-aka mma belata ihe ha furu efu ma dozie Stander na-abịa na atụmatụ ịpụnara ụlọ ọrụ mgbanwe na ọdụ ụgbọ elu ma hapụ South Africa, na-eji ngwakọta nke usoro ụgbọ elu na ejiji iji nweta atụmatụ kachasị mma. Awa ole na ole tupu ohi ahụ emee Stander laghachiri Tembisa iji mee udo ikpeazụ ya na nna onye na-eme ngagharị iwe ọ gburu, kama nke ahụ, nna nwata ahụ ji ụtarị tie ya ihe. Ka McCall na-ewe iwe n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na Stander abịaghị iji mee ka ohi ahụ pụta, ya na Heyl na-ahụ na akụkọ na ọ bụrụ na ha gara n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ọtụtụ ndị uwe ojii gaara ejide ma ọ bụ gbuo ha, na-eduga Heyl ikwu "Ọbụna mgbe o mehiere, o ziri ezi". N'afọ 1984, ndị otu ahụ malitere ịhazi atụmatụ ọpụpụ ha mgbe Stander gara [[Cape Town]] ịzụta ụgbọ mmiri na Heyl na-eme atụmatụ ịga Gris. Otú ọ dị, atụmatụ McCall na-ebelata mgbe ndị uwe ojii gbara ụlọ nchekwa ahụ gburugburu. Ka ọ na-akwọ ụgbọala iji hụ McCall, Heyl gwara Stander akụkọ banyere mmekọrịta ya na nwanyị ojii. Ọ tụụrụ ime (ọ bụghị site na Heyl) ma ha abụọ bi n'otu, mgbe ndị uwe ojii hụrụ nke a ha tiri ya ihe ruo n'ókè nke ime ọpụpụ. Heyl kelere Stander maka ihe niile o mere iji nyere ya na McCall aka ịbọ ọbọ ha na usoro ahụ na otu ọnwa isii gara aga si bụrụ oge ya na ndụ enyi ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ nchekwa McCall na-agba mbọ ịgbapụ, mana n'ịchọpụta na ọ nweghị ụzọ ọ ga-esi pụọ, o kpebiri ijide égbè abụọ ma malite ịgba ndị uwe ojii égbè. Stander na Heyl rutere n'oge iji hụ ka ndị uwe ojii gbagburu McCall. Ka ha na-akwọ ụgbọala site n'ebe ahụ Stander na Deventer na-emechi anya, ndị uwe ojii na-achụ ha ma Porsche mebiri nke ukwuu, na-eduga Stander na Heyl izuru ụgbọala ọzọ ma na-akpụ n'ebe dị anya. Heyl na Stander kewara ụzọ iji pụọ ma gbapụ South Africa. Stander, onye ọtụtụ ndị uwe ojii na-eso, na-agba ọsọ gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ebe a manyere ya igosi njirimara. Deventer na-agba ọsọ ịhụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ Stander, mana ọ kwụsịrị mgbe ọ chọpụtara na ọ bụ mkpu ụgha (n'ihi ojiji Stander ji paspọtụ adịgboroja) ma kwe ka Stander pụọ. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Thomas Jane dị ka Andre Stander * Deborah Kara Unger dị ka Bekkie Stander * Ashley Taylor dị ka Captain Cor Van Deventer * David O'Hara dị ka Allan Heyl * Dexter Fletcher dị ka Lee McCall * Melanie Merle dị ka Sharmaine * [[Marius Weyers]] dị ka General Francois Jacobus Stander * Na Botha dị ka General Constand ViljoenỊkwụsị Viljoen * Tessa Jubber dị ka nwa agbọghọ Florida * Ron Smerczak dị ka onye uwe ojii == Nnakwere == Stander nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. Magazin ihe nkiri Empire nyere ya kpakpando anọ n'ime ise na-ekwu "otu kpakpando nke na-agbanwe Jane elu ma ọ bụ abụọ na ọrụ kachasị mma". Nev Pierce nke BBC nyekwara ya kpakpando anọ. <ref>[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/stander/ ''Stander''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]</ref> na-ahụta ''Ọ dị ọhụrụ'' na 72% na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Rotten Tomatoes. == Onyinye na nhọpụta (2005) == * A họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka Genie Award maka Best Achievement in Direction.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Edensibia == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == {{Reflist}} is a 2002 science fiction/action movie set in a [[Korean reunification|unified Korean peninsula]] in the year 2020. The movie stars [[Kim Seung-woo]], [[Yunjin Kim]] and [[Choi Min-soo]].is a 2002 science fiction/action movie set in a [[Korean reunification|unified Korean peninsula]] in the year 2020. The movie stars [[Kim Seung-woo]], [[Yunjin Kim]] and [[Choi Min-soo]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231204185358/http://www.standerfilm.com/ ''Stander film''] at [[Official Website]]</ref> 9jqs15837ys4haet87qnqev3t8z0ch5 0 36901 728298 628603 2026-09-26T19:36:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''''Proteus''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya nke 2003 nke onye nduzi Canada bụ John Greyson. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ben-Asher|first=Noa|title=Screening Historical Sexualities: A Roundtable on Sodomy, South Africa, and Proteus (with Brassel, Garrett, Greyson, Lewis, Newton-King)|journal=GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies|date=15 December 2005|volume=11|issue=3|pages=437–455|doi=10.1215/10642684-11-3-437|language=en|url=https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty/589}}</ref> nkiri ahụ, nke dabeere na ihe ndekọ ụlọ ikpe nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ site na [[Cape Town]], na-enyocha mmekọrịta ịhụnanya dị n'etiti ndị mkpọrọ abụọ, otu onye ojii (Khoikhoi) na otu onye ọcha a mụrụ na Dutch, na Robben Island na South Africa na narị afọ nke 18. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na 2003 Toronto International Film Festival, ọ nweghị ihe ngosi zuru oke ruo n'afọ 2005. == Atụmatụ == E debere ya na narị afọ nke 18 na South Africa, ihe nkiri ahụ na-eme ihe nkiri banyere eziokwu Claas Blank ([[Rouxnet Brown]]) na Rijkhaart Jacobsz (Neil Sandilands), ndị mkpọrọ abụọ nọ na Robben Island. Herder Claas Blank nọ na-eje ozi afọ iri maka "ịkparị nwa amaala Dutch" na Rijkhaart bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri Dutch nke a mara ikpe maka ime "omume na-ekwesịghị ekwesị" na nwoke ọzọ. Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndị na-emegide ibe ha na mbụ, na-emepụta mmekọrịta nzuzo, na-eji njem gaa na tankị mmiri onwe onye iji jikọta. Mmekọrịta ha nwere akụkụ agbụrụ, ebe Jacobsz bụ [[Netherlands|Onye Dutch]], ebe Blank bụ onye Khoi. Virgil Niven ([[Shawn Smyth]]), onye Scottish botanist, na-eme enyi Blank maka ihe ọmụma ya banyere osisi South Africa, gụnyere protea. A na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ike inwe mmasị mmekọahụ na Blank. N'afọ 1735, e gburu Blank na Jacobsz maka sodomy, site n'ikpu mmiri, mgbe ekworo nke ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ kpatara nsogbu n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ihe nkiri ahụ okwu [[Nelson Mandela]] kwuru n'oge a na-ekpe ya ikpe n'afọ 1964, tupu a tụọ ya mkpọrọ na Robben Island. == Nnyocha == Ihe nkiri ahụ na-enyocha ajụjụ ndị a na-azaghị, dịka ihe mere ndị ọrụ ụlọ mkpọrọ ji anabata mmekọrịta ahụ ruo afọ iri zuru ezu tupu e gbuo Blank na Jacobsz. N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na mbipụta DVD, John Greyson kwuru na ezigbo Blank na Jacobsz malitere mmekọrịta ha mgbe ha abụọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma - Blank ka a tụrụ mkpọrọ na Robben Island mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii - a makwaara ha n'ezie dị ka di na nwunye ruo afọ iri abụọ tupu ebubo sodomy ma gbuo ha abụọ, mgbe ha abụọ fọrọ nke nta ka ha dị afọ iri anọ. A na-eji ihe ndị a na-eme n'oge, dị ka redio transistor, ígwè typewriter eletrik na Jeep, mee ihe na fim ahụ iji gosipụta isiokwu Greyson buru ibu na homophobia na Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ụdị nke dugara na ogbugbu Blank na Jacobsz ka dị n'ụwa. Ihe ndị a nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, gụnyere uwe nke oge a (ihe dị ka 1964) n'ọtụtụ oge, na-apụta na njikọ ya na ihe nke narị afọ iri na asatọ. ọmụmaatụ, onye isi ụlọ mkpọrọ nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, bụ onye nọ n'okpuru ya nke na-eyi uwe ndị nche nke narị afọ iri abụọ ma na-esokarị onye Alsatian na-eme ihe ike na obere oge. <ref name="Kramer">Gary M. Kramer {{google books|tiw7ET-wCWwC|Independent Queer Cinema: Reviews and Interviews|page=36}}</ref> na-ahụ akpa mmiri, okwu ịta ahụhụ sitere na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ South Africa. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==   == Nnakwere == Dennis Harvey nke Variety kwuru <ref>{{Cite news|author=Harvey|first=Dennis|title=Proteus|url=https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/proteus-3-1200539291/#!|accessdate=19 December 2018|work=Variety|date=15 September 2003|language=en}}</ref> "ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ihe zuru ezu na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na ihe dị iche iche iji merie ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri" mana ọ "enweghị ihe mara mma na mgbagwoju anya, na-eme ka ọ dịtụ anya". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Fox|first=Ken|title=Proteus, TV Guide|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/proteus/review/137568/|work=TVGuide.com|accessdate=19 December 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041338/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/proteus/review/137568/|archive-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>'inye ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 3 n'ime kpakpando 4, Ken Fox nke TV Guide kwuru na "mmetụta postmodern adịghị mgbe ọ na-ewepụ ihe dị n'obi akụkọ ịhụnanya na-emetụ n'ahụ". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kehr|first=Dave|title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'Proteus'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/30/movies/film-in-review-proteus.html|accessdate=20 December 2018|work=The New York Times|date=30 July 2004}}</ref> Kehr nke <nowiki><i id="mwSg">The New York Times</i></nowiki> kwuru "ihe nkiri siri ike, nke dị egwu, na nke sitere na ya" ma "eji usoro fantasy na egwuregwu ndị na-adọpụ uche na isi ihe nkiri". == Edensibia == na nloghachi Cabot. Mgbe ọ gbaghaara mwakpo dị mkpirikpi nke ndị na-agba ohu, Cabot zutere Talena ma chọpụta na nna ya, Eze Marlenus, lụrụ nwanyị nwere oké ọchịchọ aha ya bụ Lara ugbu a. N'otu oriri n'abalị ahụ, Marlenus mara ọkwa na ọ ga-esi n'ocheeze {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|title=Proteus}} {{John Greyson}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s5p268q79jzzve6vcgia1bsxszmod59 0 36994 728420 151504 2026-09-27T06:32:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}The Emissary bụ Ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke South Africa nke afọ 1989 nke Ted Le Plat, Terry Norton, Robert Vaughn, [1] [[:af:André Jacobs|André Jacobs]], [2] Patrick Mynhardt, [[:af:Hans Strydom (akteur)|Hans Strydom]], Ken Gampu, Brian O'Shaughnessy, na Peter Krummeck. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=af&u=http://mimosafilms.co.za/Content/10/Directors&prev=search|title=Jan Scholtz|work=Mimosa Film Group|accessdate=26 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79ea6aac|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227133522/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79ea6aac|archivedate=27 December 2016|title=The Emissary|work=[[BFI National Archive]]|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=26 December 2016}}</ref>[4]<ref name="The Emissary">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/507514/Emissary-The/full-credits.html|title=The Emissary|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|publisher=[[Turner Broadcasting System]] ([[Time Warner]])|accessdate=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227132257/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/507514/Emissary-The/full-credits.html|archive-date=27 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scholtz dere, mepụta, ma duzie ihe nkiri ahụ. == Atụmatụ == Jack Cavanaugh (Le Plat) mụtara na ndị KGB na-eji nwunye ya (Norton) iji nweta usoro kọmputa nzuzo kachasị elu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://films-list.com/film/emissary/|title=The Emissary|work=Films List|accessdate=26 December 2016}}</ref> pụghị ịhụ ihe ọ ga-eme ma e wezụga ịlụso ndị ọrụ mba ọzọ ọgụ n'onwe ya. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Ted Le Plat dị ka Jack Cavanaugh (nke a na-akpọ Ted Leplat) * Terry Norton dị ka Caroline Cavanaugh * Robert Vaughn dị ka onye nnọchi anya Ed MacKay * [[:af:André Jacobs|André Jacobs]] dị ka Hesse * Patrick Mynhardt dị ka Brochard * Greg Latter dị ka Walter Hennesy * Jonathan Taylor dị ka Christopher Fry * Colin Sutcliffe dị ka Matthew Holmes * Hans Strydom dị ka Justin Latimer * Ken Gampu dị ka Beamish * Brian O'Shaughnessy dị ka onye isi ndị KGB * Peter Krummeck dị ka dọkịta == Mmepụta == === Ihe nkiri === [4] mere Emissary na South Africa na 1988. [1] == Ntọhapụ == E wepụtara Emissary na ụlọ ihe nkiri na 21 Eprel 1989. E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na VHS na 16 Ọgọstụ 1989. <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Emissary|location=United States}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/d/DVD-Blu-ray/Emissary-Ted-Leplat/B0018QDTVC|title=The Emissary|work=[[CIC Video]]|publisher=[[Cinema International Corporation]]|accessdate=26 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifmfilm.com/v2/the-emissary/|title=The Emissary|work=IFM Film Associates, Inc|accessdate=26 December 2016}}</ref> Film Associates, Inc nwere ike igosi ihe nkiri ahụ n'ịntanetị. E wepụtara Emissary na DVD na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] . [1] == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri South Africa * Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Africa == Edensibia == na-eji nwunye ya (Norton) iji nweta usoro kọmputa nzuzo kachasị elu. pụghị ịhụ ihe ọ ga-eme ma e wezụga ịlụso ndị ọrụ mba ọzọ ọgụ n'onwe{{Reflist|30em}} === Ebe e si nweta ya ===   == Njikọ mpụga == * Onye OzinaIMDb evjxg8eb1se3p85f5i0ar97sgrw5xhp 0 37299 728214 197676 2026-09-26T13:50:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728214 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''''Of Gods and Men''''' ({{lang-fr|Des hommes et des dieux}})bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri French nke 2010 nke Xavier Beauvois duziri, nke Lambert Wilson na Michael Lonsdale na-eme. French mbụ ya Aha asụsụ bụ Des hommes et des dieux , nke pụtara "Nke Mmadụ na nke Chukwu" ma na-ezo aka n'amaokwu Baịbụl nke e gosiri na mmalite ihe nkiri ahụ. Ọ gbadoro ụkwụ na akụkọ bụ́ eziokwu mere n’ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke Tibhrine, bụ́ ebe ndị mọnk Cistercian itoolu biri n’ụzọ kwekọrọ na ya.ndị Alakụba kachasị na Algeria, ruo mgbe a tọọrọ ma gbuo mmadụ asaa n'ime ha na 1996 n'oge agha obodo Algeria..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sonyclassics.com/ofgodsandmen/presskit.pdf|title=Of Gods and Men Press Kit|publisher=Sony Classics|accessdate=28 September 2013}}</ref> N'ụzọ dị ukwuu, akụkọ banyere ọnọdụ udo n'etiti Ndị Kraịst na ndị Alakụba n'ógbè ahụ tupu ọ bụrụ nke na-egbu egbu n'ihi ndị agha mpụga, ihe nkiri ahụ na-elekwasị anya na usoro ihe omume ndị gara aga na ọdịda gọọmentị, mgbasawanye nke iyi ọha egwu, na esemokwu ndị mọnk na ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na ndị ọchịchị nke dugara n'ọnwụ ha. Isi foto mere n'Ebe obibi ndị mọnk a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ na Azru, Morocco. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na 2010 Cannes Film Festival ebe ọ meriri Grand Prix, ihe nrite nke abụọ kachasị ewu ewu. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma na azụmahịa n'ahịa ụlọ ya, ma merie ma Lumières Award na César Award maka Best Film. == Atụmatụ == Ihe nkiri ahụ na-amalite site n'ihe e kwuru n'Akwụkwọ Abụ Ọma: "M kwuru, Unu bụ chi; unu niile bụkwa ụmụ nke Onye Kasị Elu. Mana unu ga-anwụ dị ka ụmụ mmadụ, ma daa dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi. " (Abụ Ọma 82:6-7) N'oge na-adịghị anya, usoro ekpere, enyemaka ahụike, na mmekọrịta obodo na-akpaghasị n'ihi egwu nke Òtù ndị Alakụba. Mgbe onye ndú ha a họpụtara, Christian (Lambert Wilson), jụrụ nchebe nke ikike obodo rụrụ arụ, ndị mọnk kewara n'etiti onwe ha n'ajụjụ nke ma ha ga-anọ ma ọ bụ gbapụ Algeria. Tupu e mee mkpebi, otu ìgwè ndị na-akwado okpukpe, nke Ali Fayattia duziri, batara n'ụlọ ndị mọnk ahụ n'oge mgbede Krismas ma chọọ dọkịta ha na ihe ndị ọ na-agwọ ọrịa ya. Christian jụrụ arịrịọ ha ma kwuo kor'an dị ka ihe akaebe nke ezi uche ndị mọnk. Site na mgbagwoju anya na nkwanye ùgwù, Fayattia hapụrụ ogige ahụ ma nye ya nchebe ya ruo mgbe e jidere ya, mekpọọ ya ọnụ ma nwụọ n'aka ndị agha gọọmentị. N'agbanyeghị ihe ize ndụ na-arịwanye elu, ndị mọnk ahụ na-abata na nkwekọrịta banyere mkpa omume ha dị ịnọgide na-enwe ndụ ha, na ije ozi, nye ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ, ọbụlagodi mgbe ha na-eche ime ihe ike na ọnwụ ihu. N'ikpeazụ, ndị na-eyi ọha egwu jidere ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mọnk n'oge mwakpo abalị ma jide ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallibleblogma.com/index.php/of-gods-and-men/|title=Review: Of Gods and Men|publisher=Fallible Blogma|work=Blog|date=1 March 2011|accessdate=28 September 2013}}</ref> ndị mọnk a dọọrọ n'agha na-aga n'ụzọ snow na-aga na ọdịnihu jọgburu onwe ya, ihe nkiri ahụ ji akaebe ime mmụọ nke Prior Christian de Chergé mechie, nke e ji obi ike dee n'ihu ọnwụ. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Lambert Wilson dị ka Onye KraịstNdị Kraịst * Michael Lonsdale dị ka Luc * Olivier Rabourdin dị ka Christophe * Philippe Laudenbach dị ka Célestin * Jacques Herlin dị ka Amédée * Loïc Pichon dị ka Jean-Pierre * Xavier Maly dị ka Michel * Jean-Marie Frin dị ka Paul * Abdelhafid Metalsi dị ka Nouredine * Sabrina Ouazani dị ka Rabbia * Abdallah Moundy dị ka Omar * Olivier Perrier dị ka Bruno * Farid Larbi dị ka Ali Fayattia * Adel Bencherif dị ka onye na-eyi ọha egwu == Mmalite na mmepụta == N'afọ 1996, a tọọrọ ndị mọnk Trappist asaa si n'ebe obibi ndị mọnik nke Tibhirine, Algeria ma chọta ha ka e gbupụrụ ha isi. Òtù ndị agha Alakụba nke Algeria kwuru na ọ bụ ya kpatara ihe ahụ merenụ. Otú <ref name="cineuropa">{{Cite web|author=Lemercier|first=Fabien|date=11 December 2009|url=http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=116152|title=Beauvois focuses on monks of Tibhirine in ''Des Hommes et des Dieux''|accessdate=16 April 2010|work=Cineuropa}}</ref> dị, dị ka akwụkwọ sitere na ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France si kwuo, ọ ga-ekwe omume na igbu ọchụ ahụ bụ njehie nke Ndị agha Algeria mere n'oge mgbalị nnapụta.   Ego ahụ dakọtara <ref name="un film rare">{{Cite web|author=Schwartz|first=Arnaud|date=5 September 2010|url=http://www.la-croix.com/-Des-hommes-et-des-dieux--itineraire-d-un-film-rare/article/2438051/5548|title=" Des hommes et des dieux ", itinéraire d'un film rare|language=fr|work=La Croix|accessdate=7 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906101139/http://www.la-croix.com/-Des-hommes-et-des-dieux--itineraire-d-un-film-rare/article/2438051/5548|archivedate=6 September 2010}}</ref> mkpughe nke ndị agha Algeria nwere ike itinye aka na ihe omume ahụ, nke kpaliri mmasị maka akụkọ ahụ site na mgbasa ozi na ọha na eze. Mmepụta bụ nke Why Not Productions na Armada Films na France 3 dị ka ndị na-emepụta ihe. <ref name="cineuropa"/>CNC nyere nkwado ego. [1] Mmefu ego ahụ <ref name="reigns">{{Cite web|author=Lemercier|first=Fabien|date=30 September 2010|url=http://www.cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=151155|title=''Of Gods and Men'' reigns in theatres|work=Cineuropa|accessdate=30 September 2010}}</ref> € 4 nde. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Alexandre|first=Xavier|date=25 May 2010|url=http://www.ouest-france.fr/actu/actuLocale_-Jean-Marie-Frin-est-un-des-moines-de-Tibhirine-_-1385776------14118-aud_actu.Htm|title=Jean-Marie Frin est un des moines de Tibhirine|language=fr|work=[[Ouest-France]]|accessdate=28 May 2010}}</ref> ka nkwadebe maka ọrụ ha, François Polgar, onye bụbu osote onye nduzi nke ndị ukwe nke Paris Opera, onye bụkwa onye nduzi Le Chœur de Radio France na onye nduzi of The Paris Boys Choir, zụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ga-eme ndị mọnk na abụ Cistercian na Gregorian maka otu ọnwa. Onye <ref name="lepoint">{{Cite web|author=Lorrain|first=François-Guillaume|date=27 May 2010|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-monde/2010-05-27/lambert-wilson-moine-prieur/924/0/459698|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130107095425/http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-monde/2010-05-27/lambert-wilson-moine-prieur/924/0/459698|archivedate=7 January 2013|title=Lambert Wilson, moine prieur|language=fr|work=Le Point|accessdate=10 June 2010}}</ref> bụla na-eme ihe nkiri nọrọ otu izu na-ebi ndụ dị ka onye mọnk na Tamié Abbey . [1] Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri jiri ụzọ dị iche iche mee ihe maka ọrụ ha n'otu n'otu. Lambert Wilson jiri ihe odide Christian de Chergé mee ihe iji zụlite nghọta nke onye mọnk ahụ. Xavier Maly, onye na-abụghị onye Katọlik, kwadebere onwe ya site n'ikpere kwa ụbọchị maka otu ọnwa. Jean-Marie Frin dabeere <ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer|date=3 September 2010|url=http://www.la-croix.com/article/index.jsp?docId=2438063&rubId=4078|title=Les moines de Tibhirine, jusqu'au bout de l'engagement|language=fr|work=La Croix|accessdate=4 September 2010}}</ref> nkọwa ya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ na vidiyo ụlọ sitere na nkwa Paul Favre-Miville. Michael Lo<ref>{{Cite web|author=Cereja|first=Pierre-Louis|date=5 September 2010|url=http://www.lalsace.fr/fr/article/3724504/Michael-Lonsdale-Je-joue-a-l-instinct.html|title=Michael Lonsdale : " Je joue à l'instinct "|language=fr|work=[[L'Alsace-Le Pays|L'Alsace]]|accessdate=6 September 2010}}</ref> n'aka nke ọzọ họọrọ ịdabere na akparamagwa, ọ kwadebeghịkwa nke ọma. Filming malitere <ref name="cineuropa"/> mbido Disemba 2009 na Meknes, Morocco, ma mechie ọnwa abụọ ka e mesịrị. Ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri bụ ebe obibi ndị mọnk Benedictine nke Toumliline, nke guzo n'enweghị onye na-elekọta ya ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer|date=30 November 2009|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/loisirs-et-spectacles/un-film-sur-les-moines-de-tibehirine-30-11-2009-728542.php|title=Un film sur les moines de Tibéhirine|language=fr|work=Le Parisien|accessdate=16 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="un film rare"/> otu ihe nkiri ahụ, n'okpuru onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri Michel Barthélémy, rụzigharịrị ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ ka o wee yie ebe ihe omume ahụ dị. Ndị <ref name="NCR">{{Cite web|author=Patterson|first=Margot|title=The last monk of Tibhirine: 'God drove that history'|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/last-monk-tibhirine-god-drove-history|work=National Catholic Reporter|publisher=National Catholic Reporter|accessdate=15 December 2023}}</ref>-eme ihe nkiri ahụ gakwara Priory of Our Lady of the Atlas na Midelt ebe ndị mọnk abụọ dị ndụ nke ndị mọnki Thiberine nọgidere na-ebi dị ka ndị mọnka Trappist. Quinson onye nyere aka <ref name="un film rare" /> ihe nkiri ahụ nọkwa na setịpụrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mebarek|first=Walid|date=30 August 2010|url=http://www.elwatan.com/hebdo/france/des-hommes-et-des-dieux-sortie-le-8-septembre-30-08-2010-88098_155.php|title=Des hommes et des dieux, sortie le 8 septembre|language=fr|work=[[El Watan]]|accessdate=20 August 2010|archivedate=30 August 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830121315/http://www.elwatan.com/hebdo/france/des-hommes-et-des-dieux-sortie-le-8-septembre-30-08-2010-88098_155.php}}</ref> na-elebara uwe ndị ọzọ anya na ụda olu Arabic ka ha wee yie ma nụ ka ha si Algeria kama ọ bụghị Moroccan. == Ntọhapụ == [[Usòrò:Des_hommes_et_des_dieux_Cannes_2010.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị ọrụ ya na red carpet maka mmalite ụwa na Cannes]] Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere na 18 Mee 2010 na asọmpi na 63rd Cannes Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/assets/File/Web/HORAIRES%202010/Horaire%20Projections.pdf|title=The screenings guide|work=festival-cannes.com|publisher=[[Cannes Film Festival]]|accessdate=5 September 2010}}</ref> <ref name="cannesprize">{{Cite web|author=Chang|first=Justin|date=23 May 2010|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019731.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121203034252/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019731.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|archivedate=3 December 2012|title='Uncle Boonmee' wins Palme d'Or|work=Variety|accessdate=23 May 2010}}</ref> bụ oge nke abụọ a họọrọ ihe nkiri nke Beauvois duziri maka emume ahụ; ọ meriri na 1995 Jury Prize maka Don't Forget You're Going to Die . [1] A tọhapụrụ Of Gods and Men na France na 8 Septemba site na Mars Distribution. <ref name="reigns"/> malitere ya na ihuenyo 252, nke mgbe izu abụọ gasịrị mụbara ruo 424, na n'ihu n'ime izu nke atọ ruo 442. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11887977|title=Monk tragedy Of Gods and Men proves surprise hit|first=Emma|author=Jones|date=3 December 2010|publisher=BBC|accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref> Eye wepụtara <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.screenrush.co.uk/films/film-56826/|title=Of Gods and Men|work=Screenrush|publisher=[[Tiger Management|Tiger Global]]|accessdate=3 December 2010|archivedate=10 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210163834/http://www.screenrush.co.uk/films/film-56826/}}</ref> na United Kingdom na 3 Disemba 2010. [1] [2] <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hazelton|first=John|date=21 May 2010|url=http://www.screendaily.com/news/distribution/spc-buys-of-gods-and-men-for-us-australia/5014280.article|title=SPC buys Of Gods And Men for US, Australia|work=[[Screen International|Screen Daily]]|accessdate=5 September 2010}}</ref> Pictures Classics nwetara ikike nkesa maka United States, Australia na New Zealand. [1] == Nnakwere == === Nzaghachi nkatọ === <ref>{{Cite web|author=Péron|first=Didier|date=7 September 2010|url=http://www.liberation.fr/cinema/01012288596-une-envie-de-martyre|title=Une envie de martyre|language=fr|work=Libération|accessdate=8 September 2010|quote=''Des hommes et des dieux'' aurait sans doute perdu en grandeur et en lyrisme ... ce qu’il aurait gagné en contenu politique s’il avait précisément interrogé la place des moines et le rôle profond de leur paternalisme onctueux face à un Etat défaillant et au milieu d’une population déshéritée.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Regnier|first=Isabelle|date=7 September 2010|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/cinema/article/2010/09/07/des-hommes-et-des-dieux-laissez-passer-l-homme-libre_1407837_3476.html|title='Des hommes et des dieux' : 'Laissez passer l'homme libre...'|language=fr|work=Le Monde|accessdate=8 September 2010|quote=On peut, on doit, même, envisager ce film comme une profession de foi. Mais c'est dans le cinéma que Beauvois a toujours placé la sienne, et qu'il la place ici plus que jamais. Confiant dans le talent de sa chef opératrice, Caroline Champetier, ... il signe une mise en scène puissante et dépouillée[.] ... S'en remettant à la majesté aride des paysages de l'Atlas (marocain pour le tournage), à l'épure laiteuse des robes des moines, à la rythmique du rituel, Xavier Beauvois joue avec les travellings avec une maestria soufflante}}</ref>''[[Ụwa]]''' ọ na-erule June , ihe nkiri ahụ nwere 92% nkwado na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes, dabere na nyocha 119 na nkezi nke 8.07 n'ime 10. Nkwekọrịta nke saịtị ahụ na-agụ, "Onye ọrịa na onye na-egbochi, nke chi na ndị ikom na-ajụ ajụjụ miri emi, nke ga-anọgide n'uche ndị na-ege ntị ogologo oge mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ gasịrị. " <ref name="RottenTomatoes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/of_gods_and_men/|title=Of Gods and Men Movie Reviews, Pictures|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=11 June 2020}}</ref> Metacritic nyere ihe nkiri ahụ akara dị arọ nke 86/100, dabere na nyocha 29, nke ọ na-ahọrọ dị ka "nkwanye ugwu zuru ụwa ọnụ". <ref name="Metacritic">{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/of-gods-and-men|title=Of Gods and Men Movie Reviews, Pictures|work=[[Metacritic]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|accessdate=20 June 2011}}</ref> Le Monde's Isabelle Regnier dere, sị: "Anyị nwere ike, anyị ga-ele ihe nkiri a anya dị ka ọrụ okwukwe. Mana ọ bụ na sinima ebe Beauvois na-etinye nke ya mgbe niile, na ebe ọ na-etinye ya ebe a karịa mgbe ọ bụla. N'inwe obi ike na nkà nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri ya, Caroline Champetier, ... ọ bịanyere aka na mise en scène dị ike ma wepụ ihe nkiri [.] ... Na-adabere na ịdị ukwuu nke ala Atlas'capes (Moroccan maka ime ihe nkiri), ịdị ọcha nke ndị mọnk na-eme ka ọ na-eme ihe nkiri, na-emebi, na-eji usoro Beauvoy na-eme ememe ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme. Didier Péron nke akwụkwọ akụkọ aka ekpe Libération nwere ihe dị mma n'ozuzu ya, mana o kwuru, sị: "Onye chi na mmadụ ga-efunahụ ya n'ịdị ukwuu na lyricism ... ihe ọ gaara enweta na ọdịnaya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nyochara kpọmkwem ọnọdụ nke ndị mọnk na ọrụ dị omimi nke nna ha na-enweghị ihe ọmụma na steeti na-ada ada na n'etiti ndị ogbenye. " Na United Kingdom, Tom Dawson nke Total Film nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando anọ n'ime ise, Tim Robey gụnyekwara ya atọ n'ime biyar na The Daily Telegraph. Ndị nkatọ abụọ ahụ toro arụmọrụ nke Wilson na Lonsdale. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dawson|first=Tom|date=2 December 2010|url=http://www.totalfilm.com/reviews/cinema/of-gods-and-men|title=Of Gods And Men|work=[[Total Film]]|accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Robey|first=Tim|date=2 December 2010|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/8177330/Of-Gods-and-Men-review.html|title=Of Gods and Men, review|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2 December 2010}}</ref> kpọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ "ihe nkiri magburu onwe ya", Robey dekwara, sị: "Ọ bụ ihe nkiri siri ike ma na-eche echiche, ọ bụghịkwa ihe ọjọọ, n'ihi na m niile na-enwe obi abụọ banyere otú nghọta ya si dị omimi n'ezie. "Ihe mkpesa Robey metụtara njedebe nke ihe nkiri ahụ: "E nwere otu nnukwu njehie, na foto nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị agafe agafe agafị n'ihu na ihe nkiri ya: nri ikpeazụ, ebe ndị mọnk na-eme ka ọ na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ dị mma karịa ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ na-enye site na-eme n'aka ndị ọzọ, ọ ga-eme ka Lake'ụzọ mmetụta uche dị mma, ọ gafere ndị ọzọ". === Ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ === E rere tiketi 362,671 n'ime ụbọchị ise mbụ nke ihe nkiri French. Enwere ike iji nke <ref>{{Cite web|author=Corriez|first=Olivier|date=13 September 2010|url=http://www.excessif.com/cinema/actu-cinema/news/box-office-des-hommes-et-des-dieux-guide-vers-les-sommets-6066271-760.html|title=Box office : Des Hommes et des Dieux guidé vers les sommets|language=fr|work=Excessif|publisher=[[TF1]]|accessdate=15 September 2010|archivedate=26 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926154922/http://www.excessif.com/cinema/actu-cinema/news/box-office-des-hommes-et-des-dieux-guide-vers-les-sommets-6066271-760.html}}</ref> tụnyere ihe nkiri ikpeazụ nke onye nduzi ahụ, The Young Lieutenant, nke nwere 197,783 nabatara mgbe otu ụbọchị ahụ gasịrị na 2005. <ref name="JP">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=11408&affich=france&deplier=yes|title=Des hommes et des dieux|language=fr|work=JP's Box-Office|accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref> Gods and Men gara n'ihu n'elu ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ nke France maka izu anọ n'usoro. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/classfr.php?idsem=2128|title=Classement France 06-12 Octobre 2010|language=fr|work=JP's Box-Office|accessdate=13 October 2010|archivedate=13 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713124838/http://www.jpbox-office.com/classfr.php?idsem=2128}}</ref> izu nke ise gasịrị, ọ dabara na ọnụọgụ atọ, ebe Despicable Me na You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger meriri ya, nke abụọ gosipụtara n'izu ahụ. <ref name="JP" /> natara 3,202,645 nnabata na France. Na United Kingdom, e kesara Of Gods and men, n'izu mbụ, na naanị ụlọ ihe nkiri 16. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310114721/http://www.screenrush.co.uk/films/box-office/?date=2010-12-03 Uk Box Office, 3 dec 2010], screenrush.co.uk</ref> bụ akụkụ, site na ngwụsị izu mbụ, nke 15 kacha mma na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101220092024/http://www.ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/article/17219/UK-Box-Office-3---5-December-2010 Uk Box office 3 December 2010], ukfilmcouncil.org.uk</ref> Na United States, e kesara ihe nkiri ahụ, na 25 Febụwarị, na naanị ụlọ ihe nkiri 33. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekly&id=ofgodsandmen.htm|title=Box Office Mojo, ''Of Gods and Men'', Weekly Box Office|accessdate=28 September 2013}}</ref> bụ akụkụ, site na izu mbụ, nke 25 kacha mma na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ. === Ndị a nabatara === Ndị ọka ikpe nke Cannes Film Festival, nke onye nduzi America bụ Tim Burton duziri, jiri Grand Prix sọpụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ. Grand Prix bụ ihe nrite nke abụọ kachasị ewu ewu na mmemme ahụ, mgbe Palme d'Or nke Uncle Boonmee meriri bụ Who Can Recall His Past Lives na 2010. <ref name="cannesprize"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hopewell|first=John|date=22 May 2010|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019726.html?categoryId=3628&cs=1|title=Int'l critics bestow top honors at Cannes|work=Variety|accessdate=24 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525112729/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019726.html?categoryid=3628&cs=1|archivedate=25 May 2010}}</ref> Gods and Men nwetakwara ihe nrite nke Ecumenical Jury. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=25 February 2011|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118032927?refcatid=13|title='Of Gods and Men' tops Cesar Awards|work=Variety|accessdate=26 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302122116/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118032927?refcatid=13|archive-date=2 March 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> France, ọ meriri César Awards 2011 maka Best Film, Lonsdale dị ka Best Supporting Actor na Best Cinematography. N'ozuzu, a họpụtara ya na iri na otu, nke karịrị ihe nkiri ọ bụla ọzọ n'afọ ahụ. Nhọpụta ndị ọzọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|date=21 January 2011|url=http://www.screendaily.com/awards/of-gods-and-men-leads-cesar-nominees/5022616.article|title=Of Gods and Men leads Cesar nominees|work=[[Screen International|Screen Daily]]|accessdate=21 January 2011}}</ref> maka Wilson dị ka Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma, Olivier Rabourdin dị ka onye nkwado kachasị mma, Onye nduzi kacha mma, Ihe nkiri kachasị mma, ụda kachasị mma, nhazi kachasị mma, imewe ejiji kacha mma na imepụta ihe kacha mma. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=14 January 2011|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118030304?refcatid=13|title='Gods,' 'Ghost Writer' top Lumieres|work=Variety|accessdate=16 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107103446/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118030304?refcatid=13|archive-date=7 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> meriri 16th Lumière Award maka Best Film na Lonsdale natara Best Actor prize. <ref>{{Cite web|author=César|first=Académie|date=28 February 2011|url=http://www.lescesarducinema.com/#palmares|title=''36e cérémonie des Césars''|accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref> họpụtakwara ya maka onye nduzi kacha mma na Wilson dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma. Na 23rd European Film Awards, a họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka Best Film na Best Cinematography. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2010/11/06/nominations-for-the-23rd-european-film-awards/|title=Nominations for the 23rd European Film Awards|date=6 November 2010|work=europeanfilmacademy.org|publisher=[[European Film Academy]]|accessdate=6 November 2010|archivedate=9 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109024743/http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2010/11/06/nominations-for-the-23rd-european-film-awards/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=McNary|first=Dave|date=2 December 2010|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118028317?refCatId=13|title=National Board honors 'The Social Network'|work=Variety|accessdate=3 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211033628/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118028317?refCatId=13|archive-date=11 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> natara 2010 National Board of Review Award maka Best Foreign Language Film. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer|date=18 January 2011|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/king-s-speech-tops-bafta-72690|title='The King's Speech' Tops BAFTA List With 14 Nominations|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=18 January 2011}}</ref>British Academy of Film and Television Arts họpụtara ya maka Best Film Not in the English Language na 64th BAFTA Awards. <ref name="Oscar Shortlist">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2011/20110119.html|title=9 Foreign Language Films Continue to Oscar Race|accessdate=19 January 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=17 September 2010|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118024306.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|title=France choses 'Gods' for Oscars|work=Variety|accessdate=17 September 2010}}</ref> họọrọ ya dị ka ntinye nke France maka Academy Award maka Best Foreign Language Film na 83rd Academy Awards, mana ọ bụghị ndepụta ikpeazụ. [1] [2] == Hụkwa == * Ogbugbu nke ndị mọnk nke Tibhirine * Okpukpe na Algeria * ''Ogige nke Allah (ihe nkiri 1936) '' * Ndepụta nke ntinye na 83rd Academy Awards maka Best Foreign Language Film * Ndepụta nke ntinye French maka Academy Award maka Best Foreign Language Film == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * {{IMDb title|1588337|Of Gods and Men}} * Chi na Ụmụ MmadụnaAllMovie {{Xavier Beauvois}}{{Navboxes|title=Awards for ''Of Gods and Men''|list1={{Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix}} {{César Award for Best Film}} {{London Film Critics Circle Award for Foreign Language Film of the Year}} {{Lumières Award for Best Film}} {{National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}}}{{French submission for Academy Awards}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0awlcwfmfuawsmhqssvy5h9k7m30ewk 0 37539 728419 723917 2026-09-27T06:30:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}The Abandoned bụ Ihe nkiri egwu nke afọ 2006 nke Nacho Cerdà dere ma duzie ya na Anastasia Hille, Carlos Reig, Valentin Ganev, na Karel Roden. Ihe nkiri a bụ maka onye America na-emepụta ihe nkiri nke laghachiri n'ala nna ya, Russia, iji chọpụta eziokwu banyere akụkọ ezinụlọ ya. Ọ bụ mmepụta mba ụwa n'etiti Bulgaria, Spain, na United Kingdom. == Atụmatụ == Otu ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo Russia na-eri nri abalị mgbe otu gwongworo kwụsịrị n'ihu ụlọ. Nna ahụ meghere ọnụ ụzọ gwongworo ahụ iji chọta nwanyị nwụrụ anwụ na ụmụ ọhụrụ abụọ na-ebe ákwá n'oche dị n'akụkụ ya. A na-ahụ Marie Jones, nwanyị America, n'otu ụlọ nkwari akụ Russia na-akpọ nwa ya nwanyị; ọ gara izute onye notary obodo, onye gwara ya na o ketara ihe onwunwe ụfọdụ, nakwa na ọ kwesịrị ileta ya. N'ịbụ onye a kpọgara n'àgwàetiti ahụ nwere osisi, ọ chọpụtara na ụlọ ahụ mebiri emebi ma nwee ihe ndị yiri zombie, otu n'ime ha yiri ya. N'ịbụ onye nwara ịgbapụ, ọ zutere Nikolai, onye gwara ya na ha bụ ejima, nke e kuchiri iche mgbe e gbusịrị nne ha. Ụlọ ahụ yiri ka ọ na-agbanwe na mberede n'etiti ọnọdụ nke mmebi na ọnọdụ nke obibi. N'ịbụ onye ihe ndị yiri zombie na-eyi egwu, Nikolai gbara otu n'ime ha égbè n'ụkwụ, naanị iji chọpụta na ọnyá ahụ pụtara n'ahụ ya. Ọ na-ekwu na ha bụ ndị doppelgängers ya na Marie, nakwa na 'ihe na-eme ha na-eme anyị'. Mgbe Nikolai dabara n'ime oghere dị n'ala mgbe ụlọ ahụ mebiri emebi, Marie enweghị ike ịzọpụta ya ka oghere ahụ mechiri na mberede mgbe ụlọ ahụ gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Anastasia Hille dị ka Marie Jones * Karel Roden dị ka Nikolai * Valentin Ganev dị ka Andrei Misharin / Kolya Kaidonovsky * Paraskeva Dyukelova dị ka Olga Kaidonovskaya * Carlos Reig-Plaza dị ka Anatoliy * Kalin Arsov dị ka Onyeisi Ndị Bishọp Russia nwere afụ ọnụ na 1966 * Svetlana Smoleva dị ka Nwunye Onyeisi Ndị Bishọp nwere afụ ọnụ na 1966 * Anna Panayotova dị ka nwa nwanyị nke nna ochie nwere afụ ọnụ na 1966 * Yordanka Angelova dị ka nwanyị kpuru ìsì, Ụbọchị Ugbu a * Valentin Toshev dị ka Onyeisi Ndị Bishọp, Ụbọchị Ugbu a * Jasmina Marinova dị ka Nwunye Onyeisi Ndị Bishọp * Monica Baunova dị ka Emily * Marta Yaneva dị ka Natalya == Mmepụta == Ọ bụ Karim Hussain dere ihe nkiri ahụ na mbụ ma mee ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi ya, mana echekwara ya. Nacho Cerdà, enyi Hussain nke ihe nkiri ahụ masịrị ya, mechara tụọ aro ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ọrụ maka Filmax. Dị ka Hussain tinyere aka na ihe nkiri ọzọ n'oge ahụ, Cerdà weghaara ọrụ nduzi. A kpọbatara Richard Stanley iji nụchaa edemede ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dreadcentral.com/interviews/cerda-nacho-the-abandoned|title=Cerda, Nacho (The Abandoned)|author=Siebart|first=Joshua|work=[[Dread Central]]|date=2006-11-19|accessdate=2013-11-29|archivedate=2013-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020601/http://www.dreadcentral.com/interviews/cerda-nacho-the-abandoned}}</ref> ịtụgharị, Cerdà siri ọnwụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri a na-amaghị ama ga-abụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri, n'agbanyeghị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-agba mbọ Nastassja Kinski ma ọ bụ Holly Hunter. A maara ihe nkiri ahụ na mbụ dị ka Los Abandonados, n'okpuru nke a na-eme na Sitges Film Festival. Cerdà enweghị mmasị na aha ahụ, mana Stanley họọrọ nke ahụ, ebe ọ dị ka Spaghetti Western. Cerdà bụ onye na-akwado ihe nkiri na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, nke na-eyi egwu ma chọọ ime ihe na-abụghị Saw ma ọ bụ Hostel clone. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twitchfilm.com/2007/09/the-abandoned-interview-identity-horror-midnight-madness-and-more.html|title=The Abandoned Interview - Identity Horror, Midnight Madness and More!|author=Blake|work=[[Twitch Film]]|date=2006-09-06|accessdate=2014-01-17|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060803/http://twitchfilm.com/2007/09/the-abandoned-interview-identity-horror-midnight-madness-and-more.html}}</ref> okwu gụnyere ihe gara aga, ịdabere na mmetụta uche na ịmepụta njirimara nke gị. == Ntọhapụ == A tọhapụrụ Abandoned na US dị ka akụkụ nke After Dark Horrorfest na Nọvemba 2006. A tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ n'onwe ya na sinima na Febụwarị 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/7968/|title=Rogue Shifts 'Strangers', 'The Abandoned' Moves Up|author=Miska|first=Brad|work=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|date=2007-01-10|accessdate=2013-11-29|archivedate=2013-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021951/http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/7968/}}</ref> Ngụkọta ego nke ụlọ $ 1,331,137, na ngụkọta ego zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ $ 4,153,578. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/8527/|title=The Hills Have Eyes 2, The Abandoned Get Dates|author=Miska|first=Brad|work=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|date=2007-03-29|accessdate=2013-11-29|archivedate=2013-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015917/http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/8527/}}</ref> wepụtara DVD ahụ na 19 June 2007 ma gụnye obere "Behind the Scenes". == Nnakwere == <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/the-abandoned-2-1200510103/|title=Review: 'The Abandoned'|author=Harvey|first=Dennis|journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=2007-02-23|accessdate=2013-11-28}}</ref> Tomatoes, onye nchịkọta nyocha, na-akọ na ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma site na 38% nke ndị nkatọ 34 a nyochara, na nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ 4.7/10; nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ: "The Abandoned na-etinye oge dị ukwuu na-edozi ọnọdụ na-eyi egwu, nke na ọ na-echefu ibi na ya na ezigbo egwu ma ọ bụ egwu. " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/abandoned/|title=The Abandoned|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=2013-11-28}}</ref> Dennis Harvey nke Variety kpọrọ The Abandoned a "ihe egwu egwu dị ntakịrị ma mara mma ma mara mma" ma buru amụma na ọ ga-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị na-akwado Ihe nkiri ofufe na-eyi "arty, surreal". <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2007-02-20/film/the-abandoned/|title=The Abandoned|author=Ridley|first=Jim|work=[[The Village Voice]]|date=2007-02-20|accessdate=2013-11-28|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005550/http://www.villagevoice.com/2007-02-20/film/the-abandoned/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/review/the-abandoned-3573|title=The Abandoned|author=Tobias|first=Scott|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=2007-02-26|accessdate=2013-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/abandoned-the-2006|title=The Abandoned|author=Siebalt|first=Joshua|work=[[Dread Central]]|date=2006-11-20|accessdate=2013-11-28|archivedate=2013-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203022350/http://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/abandoned-the-2006}}</ref> Disgusting kwuru <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bloody-disgusting.com/film/109366/abandoned-v/?tab=bd-review|title=The Abandoned (V)|work=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|date=2007-02-21|accessdate=2013-11-28|archivedate=2013-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021518/http://bloody-disgusting.com/film/109366/abandoned-v/?tab=bd-review}}</ref> ihe nkiri ahụ bụ 4.5/5 kpakpando ma dee na ọ bụ "ihe nkiri egwu kachasị egwu na nke nwere ọgụgụ isi kemgbe Session 9" na "mgwakọta zuru oke nke ihe na ụdị. " [1] Joshua Siebalt nke Dread Central kwuru na ọ bụ 4.5/5 stones ma kpọọ ya "ihe nkiri na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ, nke na-atụ egwu, ma karịa ihe niile ọzọ, nke mbụ. "Scott Tobias nke The A. V. Club kwuru na ọ "bụ ihe nkiri B" ọ bụ ihe nkiri a na-eme ka ọ bụ ihe egwu dị n'ime ụwa dị egwu nke Dberberberbery" ọ kọwara site na ndụ ha "n'ime ụwa ha". [2] Ọ bụ ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ndụ ha dị ka ọ na ndụ ha". <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2007/02/24/adrift_at_spirit_filled_homecoming/|title=Adrift at spirit-filled homecoming|author=Meister|first=Erin|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=2007-02-24|accessdate=2013-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203095608/http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2007/02/24/adrift_at_spirit_filled_homecoming/|archive-date=2013-12-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Meister nke ''Boston Globe'' kpọrọ ya "ihe karịrị mmega ahụ na mmekpa ahụ ndị na-ege ntị karịa ime ihe ọchị" nke na-enweghị isi. == Edensibia == ọrụ ahụ na-agba mbọ Nastassja Kinski ma ọ bụ Holly Hunter. A maara ihe nkiri ahụ na mbụ dị ka Los Abandonados, n'okpuru nke a na-eme ihe onwunwe ụfọdụ, nakwa na ọ kwesịrị ileta ya. N'ịbụ onye a kpọgara n'àgwàetiti ahụ nwere{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|0475937}} * Ndị A gbahapụrụ agbahapụnaTomato rere ure * Ndị A gbahapụrụ agbahapụnaAllMovie gr2tb1eg2mlmure4t64ie72a9ldbj6o 0 37820 728389 723735 2026-09-27T03:25:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Socrates Safo''' bụ onye nduzi Ghana, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na onye nduzi maka nka na National Commission on Culture (NCC) na Ghana. Ọ bụ onye ama ama na Ghallywood na onye isi nke Move Africa Productions . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sika|first=Delali|title=Movie industry woes our own fault - Socrate Safo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/movie-industry-woes-our-own-fault-socrate-safo.html|date=2 January 2020|accessdate=19 March 2020|work=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Safo malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ ihe nkiri. Ọ nọ na-azụ onwe ya na mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onye na-arụzi ụgbọala. <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Guneratne|title=Rethinking Third Cinema|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-203-63758-5}}</ref> bụ n'oge a ka o mere ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 1992 Ghost Tears, nke ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma azụmahịa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Garritano|first=Carmela|title=The Materiality of Genre: Analog and Digital Ghosts in Video Movies from Ghana|journal=The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry|date=April 2017|volume=4|issue=2|pages=191–206|doi=10.1017/pli.2017.12|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-journal-of-postcolonial-literary-inquiry/article/abs/materiality-of-genre-analog-and-digital-ghosts-in-video-movies-from-ghana/1BFA25A91DBF146DE91642D2B1F2FF57|accessdate=27 September 2022}}</ref> nkiri ahụ nyere aka ịmalite ụdị ihe nkiri ghost nke Ghana. Safo bụ onye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Film Producers Association of Ghana . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dadson|first=Nanabanyin|title=We are sorry - Filmmakers say|journal=Graphic Showbiz|date=16 December 2010|issue=653|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uAUfZkf2ChcC|accessdate=19 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> O gosipụtara n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè na 2011 VICE documentary The Sakawa Boys, nke kwuru banyere mmetụta Safo nwere na Sakawa movement na Ghana. Safo -azọrọ na o meela ihe karịrị 100 ihe nkiri n'etiti 1988 na ihe nkiri nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Na June 2017, a họpụtara Safo dị ka onye nduzi maka nka na NCC . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Dadzie|first=Kwame|title=Socrate Safo gets Commission for National Culture appointment|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/06/socrate-safo-gets-commission-for-national-culture-appointment/|work=Citi 97.3 FM|accessdate=19 March 2020|date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319043151/http://citifmonline.com/2017/06/socrate-safo-gets-commission-for-national-culture-appointment/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Socrate Safo Finally Gets Letter As Director @ Commission On Culture|url=http://www.entertainmentgh.com/news/noise-socrate-safo-finally-gets-letter-director-commission-culture/|work=Entertainment Ghana|accessdate=19 March 2020|date=12 June 2017|archive-date=3 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303202453/http://www.entertainmentgh.com/news/noise-socrate-safo-finally-gets-letter-director-commission-culture/|url-status=dead}}</ref>'oge gara aga, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi odeakwụkwọ na NCC. Na Mee 2020, [[Barbara Oteng Gyasi]] họpụtara Safo dị ka Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Nchịkọta Ihe nkiri, nke e guzobere n'okpuru National Film Authority of Ghana. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Attractive|first=Mustapha|title=Film Classification Committee To Be Inaugurated On Thursday|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/63375/film-classification-committee-to-be-inaugurated.html|accessdate=22 July 2020|work=Modern Ghana|date=May 9, 2020|language=en}}</ref> nke kọmitii ahụ <ref>{{Cite news|title=Socrate Safo: We will protect the future|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/entertainment/213094/Socrate-Sarfo-We-will-protect-the-future|accessdate=22 July 2020|work=BusinessGhana|date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> ịchịkwa na ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Ghana. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Acquah|first=Edward|title=Socrate Safo announces retirement from filmmaking with 'Tun-Tum' movie|url=https://myrepubliconline.com/socrate-safo-announces-retirement-from-filmmaking-with-tun-tum-movie/|accessdate=28 September 2022|work=Republic Online|date=26 April 2021}}</ref>'afọ 2021, ọ kwupụtara ezumike nká ya site na ime ihe nkiri. == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Afọ ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Nhazi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ihe nrite ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Ọrụ ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Nsonaazụ |- |2010 |{{center|[[Ghana Movie Awards]]}} |{{center|Best Directing - English}} |{{center|''Adults Only''}}|| {{center|{{Nominated}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dadson |first1=Nanabanyin |title=Ghana Movie Awards |journal=Graphic Showbiz |date=2 December 2010 |issue=651 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gH3EIf9hmREC |accessdate=19 March 2020 |publisher=Graphic Communications Group |language=en}}</ref>}} |- |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7389039/?ref_=nmbio_emt_1 Socrates Safo na IMDb] {{authority control}}na 2011 VICE documentary The Sakawa Boys, nke kwuru banyere mmetụta Safo nwere na Sakawa movement na Ghana. Safo -azọrọ na o meela ihe karịrị [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t78tsggmdgsuzhtte21fuml8t501k81 0 37887 728263 723191 2026-09-26T17:12:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728263 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Ousmane Sembène''' (   [usman sɑ̃ спон]; 1 Jenụwarị 1923 ma ọ bụ 8 Jenụwarụ 1923<ref name="Gadjigo2010">{{Cite book|author=Samba Gadjigo|title=Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a Militant Artist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vOxxoBXTVcC&pg=PA7|date=6 May 2010|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00426-0|pages=7}}</ref> - 9 June 2007), nke a na-ekwukarị na ụdị French dị ka '''Sembène Ousmane''' nke o yiri ka ọ na-akwado dị ka ụzọ isi mesie "mmanye ọchịchị" nke emume aha a ike ma mebie ya, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jonassaint|first=Jean|date=2010|title=Le cinéma de Sembène Ousmane, une (double) contre-ethnographie : (Notes pour une recherche)|url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ethno/2010-v31-n2-ethno3691/039372ar/|journal=Ethnologies|language=fr|volume=31|issue=2|pages=241–286|doi=10.7202/039372ar|issn=1481-5974}}</ref> bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Senegalese, onye mmepụta na onye edemede.  <ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-sembene14jun14,1,4130153.story?track=rss|title=Ousmane Sembene, 84; Senegalese hailed as 'the father of African film'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2007-06-14|accessdate=2017-11-11}}</ref> ''Los Angeles Times'' weere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede kachasị ukwuu n'Africa ma a na-akpọkarị ya "nna nke ihe nkiri Afrịka". [1] sitere n'ezinụlọ Serer site n'akara nne ya sitere n'agbụrụ Matar Sène, Ousmane Sembène dọtara mmasị ya karịsịa na ememme okpukpe Serer karịsịa ''Ememme Tuur''. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ nwa nwoke nke onye ọkụ azụ, Ousmane Sembène na Ziguinchor na Casamance n'ezinụlọ Lebou. Site n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ matara okpukpe Serer karịsịa ''Ememme Tuur'', ebe e mere ya "ohu ofufe". bụ ezie na ndị ''Tuur'' na-achọ ka mmụọ ndị nna ha (Pangool) nye ha mmiri ara ehi, Sembène ejighị ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ejere okpukpe ozi kpọrọ ihe ma bụrụ onye a maara maka ịṅụ onyinye ndị e nyere ndị nna nna ha. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya ndị toro eto na-adabere na isiokwu Serer. Nne nne ya zụlitere ya ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe ọ nọ. Ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọrụ ya. <ref name="Sem"> {{in lang|en}} Gadjigo, Samba, "Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a Militant Artist", Indiana University Press, (2010), p 16, {{ISBN|0253354137}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=8vOxxoBXTVcC&dq=serer+maternal+clans&pg=PA16] (Retrieved : 10 August 2012)</ref> Ihe ọmụma Sembène banyere French na [[Arabic]] bụ isi ma e wezụga Wolof, asụsụ nne ya, sochiri ịga ya na madrasa, dị ka ọ na-adịkarị n'ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke Alakụba, na ụlọ akwụkwọ French ruo 1936, mgbe ya na onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ sere okwu. Sembène <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsreel.org/articles/ousmanesembene.htm|title=Ousmane Sembene: The Life of a Revolutionary Artist|work=newsreel.org|accessdate=2016-10-04}}</ref> nna ya rụọ ọrụ - ọ na-arịa ọrịa n'oké osimiri - ruo 1938, mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara Dakar, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ aka dị iche iche. N'afọ 1944, e debara aha Sembène n'akwụkwọ na Senegalese Tirailleurs (otu ndị agha nke Ndị agha France). <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRGFSuCDDWwC&q=ousmane+sembene&pg=PR9|title=Ousmane Sembène: Interviews|author=Busch|first=Annett|date=2008|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=9781934110867|language=en}}</ref> Ọrụ ya na [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] mechara bụrụ na ndị Free French Forces. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya ma na 1947 sonye na ogologo oge ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nke o mechara dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ God's Bits of Wood (1960). Ná ngwụsị afọ 1947, ọ gara France, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Citroën na Paris wee gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Marseilles, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na òtù ndị ọrụ France. Ọ sonyeere CGT nke ndị Kọmunist na-eduzi na ndị Kọmunisti, na-enyere aka iduzi ọgbaghara iji gbochie mbupu ngwá agha maka agha ndị France na Vietnam. N'oge a, ọ chọpụtara onye edemede Harlem Renaissance Claude McKay na onye edemede Marxist nke Haiti Jacques Roumain. == Ọrụ edemede mbụ == Sembène kụziiri onwe ya ịgụ na ide na French ma mesịa jiri ọtụtụ ahụmahụ ndụ ya mee ihe na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya n'asụsụ French, Le Docker Noir (The Black Docker, 1956), <ref name="LA"/> akụkọ Diaw, onye Africa na-eme njem nke na-eche ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mmeso ọjọọ ihu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Marseilles. Diaw dere akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke nwanyị ọcha mechara zuo ma bipụta ya n'aha ya; ọ na-eche ya ihu, gbuo ya na mberede, ma kpee ya ikpe ma gbuo ya n'ihe nkiri ndị na-echetara Albert Camus The Stranger (1942, nke a sụgharịrị dị ka The Outsider). Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya karịsịa na mmeso ọjọọ nke ndị mbịarambịa Africa, Sembène kọwakwara mmegbu nke ndị ọrụ Arab na Spanish, na-eme ka o doo anya na okwu ndị ahụ metụtara xenophobia dịka ha na-eme agbụrụ. Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ ifo ya, a na-ede ya n'ụzọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ malitere aha Sembène n'akwụkwọ ma nye ya nkwado ego iji gaa n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ nke Sembène,''Mba, ndị mara mma m!'' (Oh mba, ndị m mara mma!, 1957), na-akọ akụkọ banyere Oumar, onye ọrụ ugbo ojii nwere oké ọchịchọ na-alaghachi n'obodo ya bụ Casamance na nwunye ọhụrụ na echiche maka imeziwanye ọrụ ugbo nke mpaghara ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Oumar na-alụ ọgụ megide ma gọọmentị French na usoro mmekọrịta obodo, ma mesịa gbuo ya. ''Mba, ndị mara mma m!'' bụ ihe ịga nke ọma mba ụwa, na-enye Sembène akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù site na gburugburu ụwa, ọkachasị site na mba Ndị Kọmunist dị ka China, Cuba, na Soviet Union. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ na nke a ma ama nke Sembène bụ Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu (God's Bits of Wood, 1960); <ref name="LA"/> ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ na-ewere ya dị ka ọrụ nka ya, naanị ''Xala'' na-asọ mpi. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-akọ akụkọ ndụ nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Dakar-Niger nke were site na 1947 ruo 1948. Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-ekwuchitere ndị otu ahụ, Ibrahima Bakayoko, bụ onye kachasị mkpa, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ enweghị ezigbo dike ma e wezụga obodo ahụ n'onwe ya, nke na-agbakọta ọnụ n'ihu ihe isi ike na mmegbu iji kwado ikike ha. N'ihi ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe odide iri ise na Senegal na [[Mali]] agbata obi ya, na-egosi ọgbaghara ahụ site n'akụkụ niile enwere ike; na nke a, a na-ejikarị akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ tụnyere Germinal nke Emile Zola. Sembène sochiri Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu na (1962) nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi Voltaïque (Tribal Scars). Nchịkọta ahụ nwere akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, akụkọ, na akụkọ ifo, gụnyere "La Noire de..." nke ọ ga-emecha mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri mbụ ya. N'afọ 1964, o wepụtara l'''Harmattan'' (The Harmattan), akwụkwọ akụkọ dị egwu banyere ntuli aka maka nnwere onwe n'isi obodo Afrịka. Site na 1962 ruo 1963, Sembène mụrụ ime ihe nkiri otu afọ na Gorky Film Studio, Moscow, n'okpuru onye nduzi Soviet Mark Donskoy. == Ọrụ edemede mgbe e mesịrị == Site na mbipụta 1965 nke Le mandat, nke Vehi-Ciosane (The Money Order and White Genesis) bu ụzọ, nkwenye Sembène malitere ịgbanwe. Dị nnọọ ka o ji ike wakpo mmegbu agbụrụ na akụ na ụba nke gọọmentị France, ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ a, ọ tụgharịrị anya ya na ndị isi Africa rụrụ arụ nke sochiri. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Firoze Manji|title=The Rise and Significance of Lotus|url=https://codesria.org/spip.php?article1976|accessdate=24 October 2021|work=CODESRIA|date=3 March 2014|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609082847/https://codesria.org/spip.php?article1976|url-status=dead}}</ref> bụ otu n'ime ndị nyere aka na ''Lotus'' nke a malitere na Cairo na 1968 ma bụrụ nke Egypt na Soviet Union kwadoro. Sembène gara n'ihu n'isiokwu a na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1973 ''Xala'', akụkọ nke El Hadji Abdou Kader Beye, onye ọchụnta ego bara ọgaranya nke ihe o kwenyere na ọ bụ ọbụbụ ọnụ nke Enweghị ike ("xala" na Wolof) n'abalị agbamakwụkwọ ya na nwunye ya mara mma, nke atọ. El Hadji na-echegbu onwe ya maka iwepụ ọbụbụ ọnụ ahụ site na ileta Marabouts, mana ọ bụ naanị mgbe ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ ego ya na aha ya ka ọ chọpụtara na isi iyi ahụ bụ onye arịrịọ bi n'èzí ọfịs ya, onye o mejọrọ n'inweta akụ ya. == Ihe nkiri == Dị ka onye edemede na-echegbu onwe ya banyere mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Sembène chọrọ imetụ ndị na-ege ntị aka. Ọ ghọtara na ọrụ ya ga-eru naanị ndị isi ọdịbendị, mana na ihe nkiri bụ "ụlọ akwụkwọ abalị ndị mmadụ" <ref name="LA"/> ma nwee ike iru ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị n'Afrịka. N'afọ 1963, Sembène mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya, obere ihe a na-akpọ ''Barom Sarret'' (The Wagoner). N'afọ 1964, o mere obere ihe ọzọ akpọrọ ''Niaye''. N'afọ 1966, o mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya, La Noire de...''Onye Ojii nke ...'', dabere na otu n'ime akụkọ mkpirikpi nke ya; ọ bụ ihe nkiri mbụ nke onye nduzi mpaghara Sahara Africa wepụtara. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị nkeji iri isii, ihe nkiri asụsụ French meriri Prix Jean Vigo, <ref name="LA"/> na-eweta uche mba ụwa ozugbo na ihe nkiri Afrịka n'ozuzu ya na Sembène kpọmkwem. Sembène sochiri ihe ịga nke ọma a na 1968 ''Mandabi'', na-emezu nrọ ya nke imepụta ihe nkiri n'asụsụ obodo ya bụ Wolof. <ref name="LA" /> Ihe nkiri ndị e mechara jiri asụsụ Wolof gụnyere ''Xala'' (1975, nke dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ya), ''Cedar'' (1977), Camp de Thiaroye (1987), na ''[[Guelwaar]]'' (1992). <ref>Busch, Annett, and Max Annas (eds), (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=cRGFSuCDDWwC&pg=PA135 ''Ousmane Sembène: Interviews'']. University Press of Mississippi, p. 135.</ref><ref>Berridan, Brenda F. (2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=kjqh7O99pv0C&pg=PA151 Manu Dibango and Ceddo's Transatlantic Soundscape], in ''Focus on African Films''. Indiana University Press, p. 151.</ref><ref name="Emitai Ceddo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC36folder/Emitai-Ceddo.html|title=Emitai Ceddo|accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref> machibidoro mbipụta nke ''Cedar'' na Senegal nke ukwuu, n'ihi nsogbu na akwụkwọ Sembène, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ na-atụ aro na nyocha a nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na ihe a ga-akọwa dị ka ihe na-emegide ndị Alakụba na fim ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Sembène kesara akwụkwọ mpịakọta na ụlọ ihe nkiri na-akọwa ihe ndị a na-enyocha ma wepụta ihe nkiri ahụ na-enweghị mbelata maka ahịa mba ụwa. N'afọ 1971, Sembène mekwara ihe nkiri na French na Diola nke akpọrọ ''Emitaï'', nke a banyere na 7th Moscow International Film Festival, ebe ọ meriri Silver Prize. <ref name="Moscow1971">{{Cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1971|title=7th Moscow International Film Festival (1971)|accessdate=2012-12-24|work=MIFF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403094201/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1971|archivedate=3 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1998-02-02/features/1998033013_1_ceddo-emitai-ousmane-sembene|title=Ceddo Emitai Ousmane Sembene|date=2 February 1998|accessdate=17 October 2013|archivedate=5 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005153040/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1998-02-02/features/1998033013_1_ceddo-emitai-ousmane-sembene}}</ref> machibidoro ya iwu na French West Africa niile. <ref name="Emitai Ceddo" /> [2] [3] <ref name="Moscow1975">{{Cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1975|title=9th Moscow International Film Festival (1975)|accessdate=2013-01-06|work=MIFF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194905/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1975|archivedate=16 January 2013}}</ref> tinyere ihe nkiri ya nke 1975 ''Xala'' n'ime 9th Moscow International Film Festival. [1] == Ọnwụ == Ousmane Sembène nwụrụ na 9 June 2007, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84. na-arịa ọrịa kemgbe Disemba 2006, ma nwụọ n'ụlọ ya na Dakar, Senegal, ebe e liri ya n'ime ákwà mkpuchi e ji amaokwu koranic chọọ mma. Sembè<ref>{{Cite news|author=Macnab|first=Geoffrey|work=The Independent|date=13 June 2007|accessdate=2009-11-14|title=Obituaries – 'Ousmane Sembene'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ousmane-sembene-452880.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012053001/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ousmane-sembene-452880.html|archive-date=2011-10-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ site n'alụmdi na nwunye abụọ. Seipati Bulane Hopa, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Pan African Federation of Filmmakers (FEPACI), kọwara Sembène dị ka "onye na-enwu ọkụ nke na-enwe ọkụ maka ndị nkịtị ka ha na-aga n'ụzọ nke ìhè... olu na-ekwu okwu n'egbughị oge, nwoke nwere nkà na-enweghị ntụpọ nke na-ejide ụkpụrụ nka ya ma jiri iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ùgwù mee nke ahụ" Pallo Jordan nke South Africa, Minista nke nka na ọdịbendị, gara n'ihu n'ịkwalite Sembène dị ka "onye nwere ọgụgụ isi nke ọma na onye nwere ọdịbendị pụrụ iche... onye nkatọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya [onye] nyere ụwa ihe ọmụma ọzọ banyere Africa". == Ọrụ == === Akwụkwọ === * Ọzọkwa mbipụta ọhụrụ site n'aka onye na-ebipụta Présence Africaine nke 2002. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụgbọ mmiri ojii Ndị edemede Africa. [[London]]: Heinemann. <nowiki>ISBN 9780435908966</nowiki> OCLC 16084389. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụgbọ mmiri ojii Ndị edemede Africa. Oxford: Heinemann. <nowiki>ISBN 9780435908973</nowiki> OCLC 476822988.{{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Le Docker noir|location=Paris|publisher=Debresse|date=1956}} ** {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Black docker|url=https://archive.org/details/blackdocker0000semb|publisher=Heinemann|location=London|date=1987|isbn=9780435908966|oclc=16084389|series=African writers}} ** {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Black docker|url=https://archive.org/details/blackdocker0000semb|publisher=Heinemann|location=Oxford|date=1989|isbn=9780435908973|oclc=476822988|series=African writers}} * {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=O Pays, mon beau peuple!|date=1957|publisher=Amiot Dumont, 1957|oclc=1009422560}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkụ osisi nke Chineke: Banty mam yall. [Paris]: Akwụkwọ Contemporain. OCLC 62109468. Mbipụta nke mbụ nke 1960. ** {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=God's Bits of Wood|publisher=Heinemann|location=London|date=1995|isbn=|oclc=562242510}} {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Les bouts de bois de Dieu : Banty mam yall|date=1988|publisher=Le Livre Contemporain|location=[Paris]|oclc=62109468}} * Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi. ** {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Tribal scars and other stories|url=https://archive.org/details/tribalscarsother0000semb|publisher=INSCAPE|location=Washington|date=1974|isbn=9780879530150|oclc=763705}} {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Voltaïque ([[w:fr:Voltaïque (recueil)|fr]])|date=1962|oclc=312515053|location=Paris|publisher=Présence Africaine}} * Sembène, Ousmane (1964). L'Harmattan (akwụkwọ akụkọ) Paris: Ọnụnọ Africa. OCLC 460661419. E bipụtaghachiri ya na 1973.{{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=L'Harmattan (novel)|location=Paris|publisher=Présence Africaine|date=1964|oclc=460661419}} * {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Vehi-Ciosane ou Blanche-Genèse, suivi du Mandat|location=Paris|publisher=Présence Africaine (Ligugé, impr. Aubin)|date=1965|oclc=460661424}} ** {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=The Money-Order with White Genesis|url=https://archive.org/details/moneyorderwithwh0000semb|location=London|publisher=Heinemann|date=1987|isbn=9780435900922|oclc=572500}} * {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Xala|location=Paris|publisher=Présence africaine|date=1973}} ** {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Xala|url=https://archive.org/details/xala00semb_0|date=1976|oclc=470084596}} ** {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Xala|publisher=Heinemann|location=London|date=1980|isbn=9780435901752|oclc=974104373}} * {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Le dernier de l'Empire|location=Paris|publisher=L'Harmattan|date=1981|isbn=9782858021697|oclc=405576233}} ** [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nke ikpeazụ nke Alaeze Ukwu ahụ: akwụkwọ akụkọ Senegalese. Ọ bụ Adams, Adrian sụgharịrị ya. London: Heinemann. <nowiki>ISBN 9780435902506</nowiki>. OCLC 10030343. "A key for Senegalese politics" - Werner Glinga.{{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=The last of the Empire : a Senegalese novel|url=https://archive.org/details/lastofempiresene0000semb|location=London|publisher=Heinemann|date=1983|isbn=9780435902506|oclc=10030343}} * {{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Niiwam : nouvelles|url=https://archive.org/details/niiwamsuividetaa0000semb|location=Paris|publisher=Présence africaine|date=1987|isbn=9782708704862|oclc=631337297}} ** Ọzọkwa Oxford na Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1992.{{Cite book|first=Ousmane|author=Sembène|title=Niiwam and Taaw [two novellas]|isbn=9780864861221|oclc=24360778|publisher=D. Philip|location=[Cape Town]|date=1991}} === Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ === <ref name="africanfilmny">{{Cite web|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ousmane-sembene/|title=Ousmane Sembène Director|publisher=African Film Festival, Inc. (AFF)|accessdate=8 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0783733}}</ref> nkiri Sembène gụnyere:<ref name="africultures">{{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3495|title=Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal|work=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation|accessdate=8 October 2023|date=2023|language=French}}</ref><ref name="africine">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/personne/ousmane-sembene/3495|accessdate=8 October 2023|work=africine.org|title=Ousmane Sembène Film director, Writer, Actor, Producer, Screenwriter, Person concerned|date=2020|publisher=Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC)}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ụdị !Ọrụ !Ogologo oge (min) |- |1963 |''Borom Sarret'' |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke nwoke Senegalese dara ogbenye. Ihe nkiri mbụ nke onye isi ojii mere. <ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0783733}}</ref><br /><br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |20m |- |1964 |''Niaye'' |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Ihe ihere nke nwa agbọghọ dị ime<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |35 mita |- |1966 |''Onye Ojii nke ...'' |Ihe nkiri A Senegalese girl becomes a servant in France<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |65 mita |- |1968 |''Mandabi'' |Ihe nkiri A Senegalese nwoke ga-anagide iwu ego si Paris<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |92 mita |- |1970 |''[[Tauw]]'' |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Nwa okorobịa na-eme ụlọ maka enyi ya nwanyị dị ime<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |24 mita |- |1971 |''Emitaï'' |Ihe nkiri ndị mmadụ na-eme mkpesa maka [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] French<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |103 mita |- |1975 |''Xala'' |Akụkụ na-atọ ọchị A na-akọ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụrụ arụ n'enweghị ike<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |123 mita |- |1977 |''Cedar'' |Ihe nkiri na-eme ngagharị iwe ndị si n'èzí (Ceddo, ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụba) na-atọrọ nwa eze ojii<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede ya na Carrie Sembene |120m |- |1988 |''Ogige nke Thiaroye'' |Ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme Na 1944 Thiaroye massacre ndị agha France gburu ndị agha ojii na-enupụ isi<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede ya na Thierno Faty Sow |147 mita |- |1992 |''[[Guelwaar]]'' |Ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị na okpukpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị banyere olili ozu na-ezighị ezi<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |115 mita |- |2000 |''Faat Kiné'' |Ihe nkiri Otu nne na-alụbeghị di na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọrụ<br /> |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |120m |- |2004 |''[[Moolaadé]]'' |Ihe nkiri Ndị inyom na-eme mkpesa maka igbu ọkpụkpụ nwanyị<br />[[Ibe nwaanyị ugwu|Mkpịsị akụkụ ahụ nwanyị]] |Onye nduzi na onye edemede |124 mita |} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite journal|author=Adeniyi|first=Idowu Emmanuel|date=2019|title=Male Other, Female Self and Post-feminist Consciousness in Sembène Ousmane's ''God's Bits of Wood'' and [[Flora Nwapa]]'s ''Efuru''|url=|journal=Ibadan Journal of English Studies|volume=7|issue=|pages=57–72|doi=|accessdate=}} * {{Cite book|author=Busch|first=Annett|authorlink=|date=2008|title=Ousmane Sembène interviews|url=|location=[Jackson]|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=9781934110850|oclc=778204000}} ** {{Cite web|url=http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1092|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918190523/http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1092|archivedate=2009-09-18|title=Ousmane Sembène: Interviews. Edited by Annett Busch and Max Annas|author=|first=|date=|work=upress.state.ms.us|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote="Culture is political, but it's another type of politics. In art, you are political, but you say, 'We are' and not 'I am.'"}} * {{Cite book|title=Ousmane Sembène : dialogues with critics and writers|editor=Gadjigo|isbn=9780870238895|oclc=28339413|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|location=Amherst|date=1993}} * {{Cite book|title=Ousmane Sembène : the making of a militant artist|url=https://archive.org/details/ousmanesembenema0000gadj|first=Samba|author=Gadjigo|isbn=9780253354136|oclc=313659212|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|date=2010}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/10/cameras-dafrique-elvis-mitchell-on-west-african-cinema-and-the-need-for-diverse-film-criticism-interview-164704/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029112241/https://www.indiewire.com/2013/10/cameras-dafrique-elvis-mitchell-on-west-african-cinema-and-the-need-for-diverse-film-criticism-interview-164704/|archivedate=2018-10-29|title=Caméras d'Afrique: Elvis Mitchell On West African Cinema and The Need for Diverse Film Criticism (Interview)|author=Mumin|first=Nijla|date=October 4, 2013|work=IndieWire|publisher=Penske Business Media, LLC|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite book|author=Murphy|first=David|authorlink=|date=2001|title=Imagining Alternatives in Film and Fiction – Sembene'|url=https://archive.org/details/sembeneimagining0000murp|location=Oxford|publisher=Africa World Press Inc.|isbn=9780852555552|oclc=254943835}} * {{Cite journal|author=Niang|first=Sada|date=Fall 1995|title=Interview with Ousmane Sembene|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_fall-1995_26_3/page/174|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=26|issue=3|pages=174–178|doi=|accessdate=}} * {{Cite book|author=Niang|first=Sada|authorlink=|date=1996|title=Littérature et cinéma en afrique francophone: Ousmane Sembène et Assia Djebar|url=https://archive.org/details/litteratureetcin0000unse|location=Paris|publisher=L’Harmattan|isbn=9782738448750|oclc=917569861}} * {{Cite book|author=Pfaff|first=Françoise|authorlink=|date=1984|title=The Cinema of Ousmane Sembene: A Pioneer of African Film|url=https://archive.org/details/cinemaofousmanes0000pfaf|location=Westport, Connecticut|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=9780313244001|oclc=10605185}} * Rubaba, Protas Pius (2009). "Mmetụta nke nkwurịta okwu ụmụ nwanyị n'ịmepụta mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya: nyocha nke ihe nkiri Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) na Mmiri (Deepa Mehta) " (PDF). vital.seals.ac.za. South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS). peeji nke 132. Master thesis na Applied Media Studies, [[Nelson Mandela]] Metropolitan University.{{Cite web|url=https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/PdfViewer/vital:8397/SOURCEPDF?viewPdfInternal=1|author=Rubaba|first=Protas Pius|title=The influence of feminist communication in creating social transformation: an analysis of the films Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) and Water (Deepa Mehta)|publisher=South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS)|date=2009|format=PDF|work=vital.seals.ac.za|pages=132|accessdate=2024-03-04|archivedate=2023-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008094153/https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/PdfViewer/vital:8397/SOURCEPDF?viewPdfInternal=1}} * {{Cite book|author=Vieyra|first=Paulin Soumanou|authorlink=|date=1972|title=Ousmane Sembène cineaste: première période, 1962–1971|url=|location=Paris|publisher=Présence Africaine|isbn=|oclc=896779795}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == === Vidio === * ","href":"./Template:YouTube"},"params":{"id":{"wt":"9ipcync79CI"},"title":{"wt":"Ceddo (1977), with English and French Subtitles (**enable Closed Caption for English subtitles**)"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="<nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ipcync79CI</nowiki>" id="mwAuY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span class="plainlinks">Ceddo (1977), na Bekee na French Subtitles (**enable Closed Caption for English subtitles**) </span> na YouTube. Oge vidiyo 1h:51m:41s. Onye na-ebudata XMusicMusicX 2013. * FILM GUELEWAR Ousmane Sembene 1992 (n'asụsụ French) . Oge vidiyo 1h:29m:38s. Onye na-ebudata Roomnart 2022. === Ọchịagha === * {{Cite web|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/sembene-ousmane/|title=Authors & Artists. Sembene, Ousmane|quote=As far as I am concerned, I no longer support notions of purity. Purity has become a thing of the past. . .|accessdate=7 October 2023|work=scholarblogs.emory.edu|publisher=Postcolonial Studies, Emory University|archivedate=8 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008094150/https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/11/sembene-ousmane/}} * {{IMDb name|0783733}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.newsreel.org/articles/OusmaneSembene.htm|title=Ousmane Sembene: the life of a revolutionary artist|author=Gadjigo|first=Samba|date=|work=newsreel.org|publisher=California Newsreel, San Francisco|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=Crossing the geographical and national borders of his native Senegal, Ousmane Sembene's literary and cinematographic output places him today as the "father" of African films and as one of the most prolific "French-speaking" African writers in this first century of "creative" writing in francophone Africa.}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=6654|title=Interview with Ousmane Sembène — father of African film|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204175447/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=6654|archivedate=4 February 2012|author=|first=|date=11 June 2005|work=socialistworker.co.uk|publisher=Socialist Worker|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/11/world/africa/11sembene.html|title=An Appraisal: A Filmmaker Who Found Africa's Voice|author=Scott|first=A.O.|date=2007-06-11|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/12/movies/12semb.html|title=Ousmane Sembène, 84, Dies; Led Cinema's Advance in Africa|author=Scott|first=A.O.|date=2007-06-12|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=}} * {{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3495|title=Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal|author=|first=|date=|work=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} * {{Cite web|url=http://missingimage.com/book/export/html/250569|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806102441/http://missingimage.com/book/export/html/25056|title=Ousmane Sembene Interviews|archivedate=2008-08-06|author=Busch|first=Annett|date=|work=missingimage.com|publisher=|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=}} * "Ousmane Sembene". wnyc.org. New York Public Radio, WNYC. 12 Ọktoba 2004. E nwetara ya na 7 Ọktoba 2023. Onye Senegal na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Ousmane Sembene na ọrụ ya pụrụ iche na nke na-arụpụta ihe, yana ihe nkiri ọhụrụ ya: Moolaadé . Ogologo oge 31 min 20 sekọnd. faịlụ ọdịyo nke ajụjụ ọnụ na ihe ngosi Leonard Lopate.{{Cite web|url=http://www.wnyc.org/shows/lopate/episodes/2004/10/12/segments/37154|title=Ousmane Sembene|author=|first=|date=October 12, 2004|work=wnyc.org|publisher=New York Public Radio, [[WNYC]]|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembene on his distinguished and prolific career, as well as his latest film: Moolaadé.|archivedate=22 November 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122042907/http://wnyc.org/shows/lopate/episodes/2004/10/12/segments/37154}} * {{Cite web|url=http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/10/23/selected-lines-of-the-book-ousmane-sembene-interviews/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121052028/http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/10/23/selected-lines-of-the-book-ousmane-sembene-interviews/|archivedate=2010-11-21|title=Selected lines of the book "Ousmane Sembène Interviews"|author=Amekudji|first=Anoumou|date=23 October 2009|work=blog.cineafrique.org/|publisher=|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=I interviewed Sembène Ousmane on July 25, 2006. We were supposed to meet again to continue the discussion and talk about other elements of his Cinema but he passed away at the beginning of June 2007.|language=}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?isbn=978-0-253-22151-3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506212522/http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?isbn=978-0-253-22151-3|archivedate=2011-05-06|title=Ousmane Sembène. The Making of a Militant Artist. Samba Gadjigo. Translated by Moustapha Diop. Foreword by Danny Glover|author=|first=|date=2010|work=iupress.indiana.edu|publisher=Indiana University Press|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=}} * Nnyocha nke ihe nkiri ahụ site na [[Manthia Diawara]] na Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o.{{Cite web|url=https://maumaus.org/Films/Sembene.html|title=Sembène: The Making of African Cinema (1994)|author=|first=|date=|work=maumaus.org|publisher=Associação Maumaus - Centro de Contaminação Visual|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=In this rich documentary, legendary Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembène reminisces about his career and discusses the craft of his films and novels.}} ==== N'asụsụ French ==== * Amekudji, Anoumou "Nleba anya na Sembène Ousmane, onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Senegal". blog.cineafrique.org (n'asụsụ French). E debere ya na nke mbụ na 7 Mee 2011. E nwetara ya na 7 Ọktoba 2023. Akụkọ pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu nke Senegal, Weekend, Quotidien, izu nke August 2 ruo 8, 2007. Otu n'ime ajụjụ ọnụ ikpeazụ nke Sembene Ousmane.{{Cite web|url=http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/08/27/rencontre-avec-sembene-ousmane-ecrivain-cineaste-senegalais|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507030026/http://blog.cineafrique.org/2009/08/27/rencontre-avec-sembene-ousmane-ecrivain-cineaste-senegalais|archivedate=2011-05-07|title=Rencontre avec Sembène Ousmane, écrivain-cinéaste sénégalais|author=Amekudji|first=Anoumou|date=|work=blog.cineafrique.org|publisher=|quote=Article paru dans l’hebdomadaire sénégalais, Weekend, l’hebdo du Quotidien, Semaine du 2 au 8 aout 2007|language=French|accessdate=7 October 2023}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=3854|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123050837/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=3854|archivedate=2006-11-23|first=Olivier|author=Barlet|title=La leçon de cinéma d'Ousmane Sembène au festival de Cannes 2005|date=27 May 2005|language=French|accessdate=7 October 2023}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=5967|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519185756/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=5967|archivedate=2011-05-19|title=Sembène, le mécréant|author=Barlet|first=Olivier|date=11 June 2007|work=africultures.com|publisher=africultures. Les mondes en relation|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=2506|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215656/http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_article&no=2506|archivedate=26 September 2007|title=Entretien avec Ousmane Sembène|author=Barlet|first=Olivier|date=15 August 2007|work=africultures.com|publisher=africultures. Les mondes en relation|quote=|language=French|accessdate=7 October 2023}} * Ebe e si nweta ya: International Herald Tribune.{{Cite web|url=https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2004/12/16/ousmane-sembene-le-dakarois-en-perpetuelle-revolte|title=LE PÈRE DU CINÉMA AFRICAIN. Ousmane Sembène, le Dakarois en perpétuelle révolte|date=15 December 2004|work=courrierinternational.com|publisher=Courier International|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ousmane_sembene.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915070255/http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ousmane_sembene.html|archivedate=2007-09-15|title=Cinéma > Ousmane SEMBENE|work=senegalaisement.com|publisher=|accessdate=7 October 2023|quote=|language=French}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jbbnpku7crwnxc5mbxjhqpr1dd9ahvy 0 38277 728399 672422 2026-09-27T04:27:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Steven Markovitz''' (amụrụ na 1965) bụ ihe nkiri South Africa na onye na-eme ihe onyonyo. O mepụtala, mekọrịta ma mepụta atụmatụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ na obere ihe nkiri. Steven na-emepụta ma na-ekesa ihe karịrị afọ 20. Kemgbe 2007, ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'Africa niile na-emepụta usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ ifo. Ọ bụ onye otu AMPAS, ngalaba-nchoputa nke Electric South & Encounters Documentary Festival na onye nchoputa nke African Screen Network. Ihe mmepụta ọhụrụ gụnyere ''aKasha'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7527512/|title=AKasha|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> nke hajooj kuka <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6669249/?ref_=tt_ov_dr|title=Hajooj Kuka|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> (Venice Critics' Week, TIFF, 2018), ''[[Rafiki (ihe nkiri)|Rafiki]]'' nke Wanuri Kahiu (Cannes - Un Certain Regard, 2018), akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Silas'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5853464/|title=Silas|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> nke Anjali Nayar, [[Hawa Essuman]] (TIFF, IDFA 2017), ''Beats of the Antonov site'' hajooj kuka <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6669249/?ref_=tt_ov_dr|title=Hajooj Kuka|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> (TIFF Documentary Audience Award, 2014), ''High Fantasy'' site [[Jenna Bass]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3689536/|title=Jenna Cato Bass|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> (TIFF, Berlinale 2018), ''[[Viva Riva!]]'' Site na [[Djo Tunda Wa Munga|Djo Munga]] (TIFF 2010, Berlinale 2011) na ''Behind the Rainbow'' . == Ọrụ == Markovitz malitere ọrụ ya na 1992 wee malite ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe Big World Cinema na [[Cape Town]] na 1994. Na 1999, o mepụtara obere ihe nkiri ''Husk'', bụ nke malitere na asọmpi na Cannes Film Festival ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/5339.htm|title=Festival de Cannes Official Selection 2005|year=2005|publisher=Festival de Cannes|accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> sochiri ihe nrite ''bụ Ọ bụ Ndụ M'' (2001), ihe osise chiri anya nke onye na-akwado AIDS South Africa Zackie Achmat . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117918264?refcatid=31|title=Film Reviews – It's My Life|author=Harvey, Dennis|date=22 July 2002|publisher=Variety|accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> ''Mgbata ahụ'' meriri akwụkwọ akụkọ South Africa kacha mma na Ememme Nkiri Apollo 2003 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/33/2528.html|title=The Apollo Film Festival – Winners|date=2 October 2003|publisher=BizCommunity.com|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> na Mmepụta Kasị Mma nke Afọ na Nrite Nkume, South Africa. Markovitz jikọrọ aka mepụta [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] -nominated <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/oscarlegacy/2000-present/75nominees.html|title=Nominees & Winners for the 75th Academy Awards|year=2003|publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|accessdate=26 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305050909/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/oscarlegacy/2000-present/75nominees.html|archivedate=5 March 2012}}</ref> obere ihe nkiri ''Inja'' ("Nkịta") na 2003; sochiri ihe nkiri South African-Canadian na-emeri ihe nrite ''[[Proteus (ihe nkiri nke afọ 2003)|Proteus]]'' nke John Greyson na Jack Lewis duziri nke malitere na Toronto International Film Festival na 2003 na Berlin ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2004/02_programm_2004/02_Filmdatenblatt_2004_20040535.php|title=Berlinale Temporary Archive|year=2004|publisher=Berlin International Film Festival|accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> ''Raya'', akụkụ ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke usoro "Mama Afrika" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9402E6DC173DF934A35755C0A9649C8B63|title=Mama Africa (2002) Film Review: Young, Smart and Pressed Toward a Bad Decision|author=Holden, Stephen|date=7 June 2002|publisher=The New York Times Movies|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref>, nke e wepụtara na ihe nkiri na US na 2003; na ihe nkiri TV ''na-agafe Line'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediaupdate.co.za/?IDStory=4568|title=Crossing the Line|date=13 November 2007|publisher=Media Update|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> site n'aka onye nduzi na-emeri ihe nrite Brian Tilley. Na 2005 ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ahụ ''akpọrọ Boy Twist'' duziri [[Timothy Greene|Tim Greene]], bụ nke gosipụtara na Cannes Film Festival <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/news/arts/cannes05.htm|title=SA Film under Cannes spotlight|date=10 May 2005|publisher=SouthAfrica.info|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> na 2005. Nke a sochiri ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi animated ''Beyond Freedom'', bụ nke gosipụtara na Berlin International Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2006/02_programm_2006/02_Filmdatenblatt_2006_20063423.php|title=Berlinale Temporary Archive|year=2006|publisher=Berlin International Film Festival|accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> Markovitz mepụtara usoro ihe nkiri iri na atọ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa ọhụrụ mere nke aha ya bụ ''Project 10: Ezigbo Akụkọ sitere na South Africa Free'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.safilm.org.za/news/article.php?uid=1045|title=Freedom Stories from SA for Berlin Film Festival|year=2004|publisher=SA Film|accessdate=30 November 2011|archivedate=26 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426011559/http://www.safilm.org.za/news/article.php?uid=1045}}</ref> E gosipụtara usoro a na Sundance, IDFA, Tribeca na Berlin . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2004/02_programm_2004/02_Filmdatenblatt_2004_20042175.php|title=Berlinale Temporary Archive|year=2004|publisher=Berlin International Film Festival|accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, o wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama ''Behind the Rainbow'' na pati na-achị South Africa, nke Jihan El-Tahri <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/behind-the-rainbow/|title=PBS Independent Lens: Behind the Rainbow|year=2010|publisher=PBS|accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> duziri maka ZDF / Arte, SBS, SVT, VPRO, SABC na ITVS (USA). ''Latitude'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/za/joh/kue/flm/en7973859.htm|title=Latitude: Africa beyond its clichés|author=Maiko Schaffrath|year=2011|publisher=Goethe Institut Südafrika|accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> usoro ihe nkiri 9 dị mkpirikpi sitere na mba 8 dị n'Africa, bụ Markovitz mebere ya, wee malite na Berlin na February 2010. Ọ gụnyere obere akụkọ sayensị sayensị Kenya nwetara ihe nrite ''[[Pumzi]]'' nke Wanuri Kahiu dere. Na 2009 Markovitz dechara akwụkwọ akụkọ omnibus ''Congo na Ọrụ anọ'' nke gara ihe karịrị ememme 50 gụnyere Berlin, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2010/02_programm_2010/02_Filmdatenblatt_2010_20103497.php|title=Berlinale Temporary Archive|year=2010|publisher=Berlin International Film Festival|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> IDFA, Hot Docs 2010; na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''State of Mind'', nke [[Djo Tunda Wa Munga]] duziri, na-enyocha mmerụ ahụ na ọgwụgwọ na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icarusfilms.com/new2010/som.html|title=Icarus Films Catalogue, State of Mind: Healing Trauma|year=2010|publisher=Icarus Films|accessdate=1 December 2011|archivedate=3 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903052846/http://www.icarusfilms.com/new2010/som.html}}</ref> Markovitz jikọrọ aka mepụta mpụ Congo-French-Belgium ''[[Viva Riva!]]'' , <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vivariva.com/|title=Viva Riva official website|year=2010|publisher=Formosa productions & MG Productions|accessdate=30 November 2011|archivedate=23 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123162710/http://vivariva.com/}}</ref> nke [[Djo Tunda Wa Munga]] duziri, nke malitere na Toronto International Film Festival na September 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/tiff/2010/vivariva|title=TIFF Films & Schedules: Viva Riva!|year=2010|publisher=Toronto International Film Festival|accessdate=30 November 2011|archivedate=8 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108152658/http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/tiff/2010/vivariva}}</ref> na Berlin International Film Festival 2011 wee nweta MTV Movie Award for Best African Movie. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2011-mtv-movie-awards-winners-release|title=Viva Riva! Wins Inaugural Best African Movie Category|date=6 June 2011|publisher=MTV Base|accessdate=30 November 2011|archivedate=6 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406131545/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2011-mtv-movie-awards-winners-release/}}</ref> E wepụtara ya na USA, UK, Australia/NZ, Canada, Belgium, France, Germany na 18 mba Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/19/congo-movie-viva-riva-released-africa|title=Congo's first feature film for 25 years opens in 18 countries|author=Smith, David|date=19 October 2011|publisher=The Guardian online|accessdate=1 December 2011}}</ref> Na 2013, Markovitz onye isi-mepụtara akụkọ ifo omnibus ''African Metropolis'' [http://www.goethe.de/africanmetropolis] nke nwere ihe nkiri isii sitere n'aka ndị isi isii n'ofe Africa. Emeela ihe nkiri a na Durban IFF, Toronto IFF, Santa Barbara IFF na IFF Rotterdam . Na 2014, Markovitz tinyere aka na ihe nkiri atọ na-emeri emeri: ''[[Stories of Our Lives|Akụkọ nke Ndụ Anyị]]'', ihe nkiri Kenya gbasara obodo LGBT na Kenya, site na [[Jim Chuchu]] na NEST Collective, nke Markovitz na-emepụta. Ihe nkiri a malitere na Toronto International Film Festival <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tiff.net/festivals/thefestival/programmes/discovery/stories-of-our-lives|title=Stories of Our Lives at TIFF 2014|publisher=Toronto International Film Festival|accessdate=18 March 2015|archivedate=2 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402220712/http://tiff.net/festivals/thefestival/programmes/discovery/stories-of-our-lives}}</ref> wee merie Berlin International Film Festival 's Teddy Jury Award; <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.teddyaward.tv/en/2015/02/13/teddy-winner-2015/|title=Teddy Winners 2015|date=13 February 2015|publisher=Teddy Awards|accessdate=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319213001/http://blog.teddyaward.tv/en/2015/02/13/teddy-winner-2015/|archive-date=19 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Hụ Onye Ị Hụrụ n'Anya n'anya'', ihe nkiri South Africa nke edere, nke [[Jenna Bass|Jenna Cato Bass]] mepụtara ma duzie ya, nke Markovitz mepụtara. Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri ihe nrite na Durban International Film Festival, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durbanfilmfest.co.za/diff2014-news/diff-announces-award-winners-for-2014|title=DIFF Announces Award Winners for 2014|publisher=Durban International Film Festival|accessdate=18 March 2015|archivedate=18 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204725/http://www.durbanfilmfest.co.za/diff2014-news/diff-announces-award-winners-for-2014}}</ref> Jozi Film Festival <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jozifilmfestival.co.za/2015-film-festival/2015-film-festival-highlights|title=Jozi Film Festival 2015 Winners|publisher=Jozi Film Festival|accessdate=18 March 2015|archivedate=2 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154514/http://www.jozifilmfestival.co.za/2015-film-festival/2015-film-festival-highlights}}</ref> na Ememme Atọ nke Continents na Nantes; <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3continents.com/en/film/love-the-one-you-love/|publisher=Festival des 3 Continents|accessdate=18 March 2015|title=Love the One You Love}}</ref> Markovitz mere Documentary ''Beats of the Antonov'', onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sudanese Hajooj Kuka duziri ya. Emere ihe nkiri a na Toronto International Film Festival wee nweta ihe nturu ugo ndi mmadu choice Documentary <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tiff.net/festivals/thefestival/festival-past-awards|publisher=TIFF|accessdate=18 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204222401/http://www.tiff.net/festivals/thefestival/festival-past-awards|archivedate=4 December 2014|title=TIFF.net &#124; Festival Past Awards}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == Markovitz bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Ememe Ememe South Africa, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encounters.co.za|title=Encounters Documentary Festival|year=2011|publisher=Encounters Documentary Festival|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ, ugbu a na 16th afọ. Ọ bụ onye guzobere otu Independent Producers Organisation ma nọdụ na juri ihe nkiri mba ụwa dị iche iche na ogwe nhọrọ, gụnyere Cinemart, Rotterdam, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/extrano_jealousy_and_lilya_win_32nd_rotterdam_tiger_awards|title="Extrano," "Jealousy," and "Lilya" Win 32nd Rotterdam Tiger Awards|author=Hernandez, Eugene|year=2003|publisher=IndieWire|accessdate=1 December 2011}}</ref> IDFA Bertha Fund <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idfa.nl/industry/latest-news/idfa-fund-january-selection-2012.aspx|title=IDFA Bertha Fund selection committee|year=2012|publisher=International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam|accessdate=27 March 2014|archivedate=20 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820131614/http://www.idfa.nl/industry/latest-news/idfa-fund-january-selection-2012.aspx}}</ref> na Silverdocs . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/silverdocs/2006/festjury.aspx|title=Silverdocs Juries|year=2006|publisher=Silverdocs|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> Ọ rụziri ezi Pitch² nke mbụ na Johannesburg na nso nso a yana mmekorita ya na BRITDOC . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.bigworld.co.za Big World Cinema] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2p195atlayse6r4yw28ddc2hqqnd25j 0 38383 728314 723384 2026-09-26T20:46:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728314 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Ravida Din''' bụ onye na-ahụ ihe nkiri Canada onye na-arụbu ọrụ na National Film Board of Canada (NFB) dị ka onye na-ahụ ihe, onye na-ahụ, mgbe ahụ dị ka onye isi ihe nke akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, site na February 11, 2013 ruo February 26, 2014. <ref name="Anderson">{{Cite news|url=http://realscreen.com/2013/02/06/nfb-names-ravida-din-as-its-director-general/#ixzz2KB3A2gSo|title=NFB names Ravida Din as its director general|author=Anderson|first=Kelly|date=6 February 2013|work=Realscreen|publisher=Brunico Communications|accessdate=6 February 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Vlessing">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tom-perlmutter-ravida-din-at-684176|title=Tom Perlmutter, Ravida Din Out at National Film Board of Canada|author=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=27 February 2014|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref> .Ngosipụta pụtara na NFB nkiri ihe nkiri akwụkwọ ọdịdị Quo? Azụmahịa a na-emecha ihe nke Feminism na Canada, Up the Yangtze, Reel Injun, Pink Ribbons, Inc. [1] na Payback . Tupu ọrụ na iwu, Din jere ozi n' mfe iche iche na NFB na akara na njikwa, ije ozi dị ka osote onye isi ihe maka NFB English Program n'okpuru Tom Perlmutter . N'afọ 2010, a set ya aha na ndepụta "10 To Watch" nke magazin Playback <ref name="Afan">{{Cite news|url=http://playbackonline.ca/2010/09/08/10-to-watch-ravida-din/#ixzz2JOsluphw|title=10 To Watch: Ravida Din|author=Afan|first=Emily Claire|date=10 September 2010|work=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]|accessdate=29 January 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Anderson" /> Maka ''Pink Ribbons, Inc.'', Din bịakwutere onye nduzi Léa Pool mgbe ọ nyochachara ma biri na isiokwu nke ọrịa ara ara ruo afọ isii. Onye lanarịrị ọrịa ara ara, Din achọpụtala n'ihe dị ka otu oge mbụ ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Samantha King ''Pink Ribbons Inc.: Breast Cancer and the Politics of Philanthropy'' and Barbara Ehrenreich ’s autobiographical essay, ''Welcome to Cancerland'' . <ref name="Barnard">{{Cite news|url=http://www.toronto.com/article/697879|title=Seeing red over 'pinkwashing' of cancer fundraising|author=Barnard|first=Linda|date=9 September 2011|work=[[Toronto Star]]|accessdate=30 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015062842/http://www.toronto.com/article/697879|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Kirkland">{{Cite news|url=https://lfpress.com/entertainment/movies/2011/09/13/18679806.html|title=Notes from the Toronto film fest|author=Kirkland|first=Bruce|date=13 September 2011|work=[[London Free Press]]|accessdate=29 January 2013|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072551/http://www.lfpress.com/entertainment/movies/2011/09/13/18679806.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ Din gakwuuru onye edemede Margaret Atwood ka ọ gbanwee ''Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth'' dị ka ihe nkiri akwụkwọ. Atwood na-akọ na ha jikọtara ọnụ na Jennifer Baichwal dị ka onye nduzi. <ref name="Atwood">{{Cite news|url=http://realscreen.com/2012/03/16/big-screen-payback-for-atwood/|title=Big screen "Payback" for Atwood|work=Realscreen|date=March 16, 2012|accessdate=January 29, 2013|author=Benzine, Adam|format=Interview with [[Margaret Atwood]]}}</ref> Na 2009, na-arụ ọrụ na mmekorita ya na Studio XX, Din Executive mepụtara Onye Mbụ Digital, ọzụzụ na mmepụta mmemme maka ụmụ nwanyị na-enyocha ụzọ ọhụrụ maka ịkọ akụkọ. Din mụrụ na Nairobi ma zụlitere n'ezinụlọ [[Ndi áláküba|ndị Alakụba]] . Ọ bụ nwanyị . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Roach Pierson|first=Ruth|title=Canadian Women's Issues: Volume I: Strong Voices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4R3y3VeV2EC&dq=Ravida+Din.+%E2%80%9CSisters+in+the+Movement%2C%E2%80%9D&pg=PA206|date=January 1, 1993|publisher=Lorimer|isbn=978-1550284157}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Roach Pierson|first=Ruth|title=Canadian Women's Issues: Volume II: Bold Visions: Twenty-Five Years of Women's Activism in English Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KLWu5TNmw8sC&dq=%22Ravida+Din%22&pg=PA369|date=January 1, 1995|publisher=Lorimer|isbn=978-1550284287}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|2000048}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mwdkh3az53mbd78pbigyfzpl3ulq64q 0 38782 728240 708929 2026-09-26T15:21:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Olufunmilayo Olopade|image=Funmi Olopade - Integrating Women's Health into the Global Health Agenda (11 30 am) 2-20 screenshot.png|caption=Olopade in 2012|nationality=American|birth_place=Nigeria|birth_date={{birth year and age|1957}}|alma_mater=[[University of Ibadan]]|spouse=Christopher Sola Olopade|children=[[Dayo Olopade]]|module={{Infobox medical details | occupation = | field = Hematology | work_institutions = [[University of Chicago]] | specialism = [[Oncology]] | research_field = ''BRCA1'' and ''BRCA2'' genes | prizes = [[MacArthur Fellows Program]], Villanova University Mendel Medal, [[Four Freedoms Award]] }}}} Olufunmilayo I. Olopade [1] amuru na 1957, [2] bu onye Naijiria hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health na Walter L. Palmer, Prọfesọ Ọrụ Distinguished na Medicine na Human Genetics na Mahadum Chicago .  [3] [4] Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke ndị ọgwụgwụ ọgwụgwụ Cancer nke Mahadum Chicago Hospital <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-25|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine|url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/|accessdate=2022-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ == A masọrọ Olufunmilayo Olopade na ebe n'afọ 1957 ma bụrụkwa nwa nke ise n'ime ụgbọ isii onye onye egwu Anglican njide. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|work=www.encyclopedia.com|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref>Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ St Anne dị n'Ibadan maka njikọ ịrịịrị ya.  Olopade buru ụzọ kwupụta mbipụta ya nghọta n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'ihi na obodo Nigeria dị maka ndị na-akwọ na ngwaọrụ bụ nke a na-achọsi ike. Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na mahadum nke Ibadan dị na Nigeria na MBBS na 1980 <ref name="cancerbio.uchicago.edu">{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|work=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|accessdate=2020-05-29|archivedate=2021-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194503/https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|accessdate=June 26, 2013|archivedate=July 5, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer}}</ref>Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Foundation Research Cancer Research [1] ma onye ọrụ ozi dị ukwuu gburugburu ọrụ BRCA1 na BRCA2 na ọrịa cancer ara na ụmụ mmadụ Africa <ref name="scientist2013">{{Cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|author=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|accessdate=September 27, 2013|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu American Association for Cancer Research, [1] American College of Physicians, Nigerian Medical Association, American Philosophical Society, [2] na Institute of Medicine . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archivedate=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|author=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|accessdate=27 July 2013}}</ref> == Ọrụ mmalite == <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|accessdate=2020-06-11|work=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194711/https://pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/}}</ref>Olufunmilayo akụkọ ọrụ ya n'afọ 1980 dị ka onye ọrụ n'ichepụta ndị agha mmiri mmiri.  Ọ kwagara US na 1983 wee ọrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ Cook County dị na Chicago ruo 1987. [1] Na 1991, Olufunmilayo sonyeere Mahadum Chicago dị ka osote prọfesọ na hematology na oncology, Dean of Global Health, na onye isi nke Center for Clinical  Ọrịa Cancer na Mahadum Chicago <ref name="cancerbio.uchicago.edu"/> == Ihe nrite == * 1975: Nturu ugo nturu ugo gọọmentị etiti Naijiria <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|work=www.encyclopedia.com|accessdate=2020-03-31}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=You can't ignore these 10 awardees of national honours|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|author=Abbah|first=Theophilus|date=2012-09-16|work=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-05-29|archivedate=2020-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190529/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html}}</ref> * 1978: Nturu ugo ndi otu ahụike Naijiria maka ọkaibe na umuaka umuaka <ref name="Admin">{{Cite web|author=Admin|date=2019-02-21|title=OLOPEDE, Prof (Mrs) Olufunmilayo|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/|accessdate=2022-05-25|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=2026-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520231243/https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/}}</ref> * 1980: Nturu ugo ndi otu ahụike Naijiria maka ọkaibe na ọgwụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD|url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md/|accessdate=2022-08-10|work=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)|language=en}}</ref> * 1990: Mmekọrịta Ellen Ruth Lebow <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/|accessdate=2022-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref> * 1991: American Society for Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award <ref name="Admin" /> * 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award <ref name="Admin" /> * 2000: Doris Duke Asọpụrụ Clinical Scientist Award <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/|accessdate=2022-05-25|work=h3africa.org|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2003: Onyinye Nwanyị Phenomenal maka ọrụ n'ime Community African-American <ref name="Admin" /> * 2005: Access Community Network's Heroes in Healthcare Award <ref name="Admin" /> * Mmemme Ndị otu MacArthur 2005 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/769/|publisher=MacArthur foundation|title=MacArthur Fellows Program:Olufunmilayo Olopade|accessdate=July 27, 2013|date=September 1, 2005}}</ref> * 2015: Onyinye nnwere onwe anọ * 2017: Mahadum Villanova Mendel Medal * Na Satọde, Mee 18, 2019, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Lincoln nke Illinois nyere Olopade Order of Lincoln award, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke [[Ilinoi|steeti Illinois]] nyere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|title=2019 Laureates Announced by Gov. Rauner|work=The Lincoln Academy of Illinois|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-27|archivedate=2019-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194444/https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/}}</ref> * 2021: Onye otu National Academy of Sciences . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|accessdate=July 5, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Olopade, Olufunmilayo F.; Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics, department of medicine, and director, Center for Clinical Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613132749/https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|archive-date=June 13, 2024|url-status=dead}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|title=Member Directory|accessdate=July 5, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182713/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|archive-date=July 9, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Mmemme MacArthur Fellows === == Ezinụlọ == Na 1983, ọ lụrụ Christopher Sola Olopade bụ onye dibịa na Mahadum Chicago. Ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, gụnyere odeakụkọ Dayo Olopade, na otu nwa nwoke. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html|publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist|accessdate=July 27, 2013}}</ref> == Nnyocha == Ọtụtụ n'ime nyocha ya bụ na ọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa kansa nke a ga-eji were nweta ụzọ dị irè isi gwọọ ọrịa ara ara n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ndị Africa na ndị America America. <ref name=":0"/> Na 1992, Olopade nyere aka chọta Mahadum Chicago's Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. N'ebe a, ọ chọpụtara na ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America na-enwekarị ọrịa cancer ara n'oge ha dị obere karịa ụmụ nwanyị ọcha. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Olopade|first=Olufunmilayo I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&pg=PA24|title=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|date=2010-05-28|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2003, ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe ọhụrụ na-eleba anya na ọrịa kansa ara na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa sitere na ụmụ nwanyị Africa si Nigeria ruo [[Senegal]] nakwa ụmụ nwanyị [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Africa-American]] na Chicago. Site na 2005, ọ chọpụtara na 80% nke etuto ahụ na ụmụ nwanyị Africa achọghị estrogen na-eto eto ma e jiri ya tụnyere 20% nke etuto ahụ na Caucasian ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ chọpụtakwara na nke a bụ n'ihi usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Africa na ụmụ nwanyị Caucasian. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] dezi2uhszm1vmw7hqcsvbgxcmpdgv0r 0 38932 728305 154823 2026-09-26T20:02:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728305 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Rachel Sibande''' (amuru Jenụwarị 9, 1986, na Lilongwe, [[Malawi]] ) bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị kọmputa na onye ọchụnta ego na-elekọta mmadụ na Malawi. Ọ bụ onye guzobere mHub, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ na incubator maka ndị nrụpụta ihe na ndị ọchụnta ego na-apụta. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa.com|date=2019-11-04|title=African Women in Tech: Rachel Sibande - Africa.com|url=https://www.africa.com/african-women-tech-rachel-sibande/|accessdate=2022-09-03|work=www.africa.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203184931/https://africa.com/african-women-tech-rachel-sibande/|archive-date=2025-12-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=When women are let in — we all win!|url=https://www.capetownetc.com/sponsored/when-women-are-let-in-we-all-win/|accessdate=2022-09-03|work=www.capetownetc.com}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado teknụzụ, onye nnata nke Google Anita Borg Scholarship. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-12-06|title=Google Anita Borg Scholarship|url=https://www.ru.ac.za/latestnews/archives/2015/googleanitaborgscholarship.html|accessdate=2022-09-03|work=www.ru.ac.za|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, Forbes kpọrọ ya aha otu n'ime ndị ọchụnta ego 30 kacha nwee ntụkwasị obi n'Africa n'okpuru afọ 30. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nsehe|first=Mfonobong|title=30 Most Promising Young Entrepreneurs In Africa 2016|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2016/04/25/30-most-promising-young-entrepreneurs-in-africa-2016/|accessdate=2022-09-03|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> Sibande akwadola mmepe na ntinye nke ngwọta teknụzụ ọhụrụ na ọrụ ugbo, ahụike ọha, nlekota ntuli aka, ntinye aka nke ụmụ amaala, njikwa ọdachi na Digital Financial Services na mba 18. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">ihe</span>]]''</sup> karịrị afọ iri nke ahụmịhe ụlọ ọrụ gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, mmepe na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ ọha. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mubarik|first=Abu|date=2021-01-13|title=Meet 35-year-old Rachel Sibande, the techpreneur whose program has raised 29,000 tech-savvy Malawians|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/meet-35-year-old-rachel-sibande-the-techpreneur-whose-program-has-raised-29000-tech-savvy-malawians|accessdate=2022-09-03|work=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, ọ gara Mahadum Malawi's Chancellor College . Ọ gụchara nzere bachelọ, mekwaa na sayensị kọmputa. <ref name="areflikethis">{{Cite web|url=https://www.path.org/leadership/rachel-sibande-msc-phd/|archivedate=Sep 20, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213110/https://www.path.org/leadership/rachel-sibande-msc-phd/|date=June 2019|work=path.org|language=en|accessdate=10 August 2023|title=Rachel Sibande, MSc}}</ref> Sibande nwetara Master nke Sayensị na tiori ozi, nzuzo, na cryptography sitere na Mahadum Mzuzu <ref name="areflikethis"/> na 2007 nwere ihe dị iche. Ọ nwetara PhD na sayensị kọmputa na Mahadum Rhodes na 2020 dị ka onye ọkà mmụta Google. == Ọrụ == Rachel Sibande na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa, Data maka mmepe. Ọ sụrụ ụzọ atumatu iji kwalite nka dijitalụ n'etiti ụmụaka, ụmụ agbọghọ, ntorobịa, na ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-arụbu ọrụ dịka onye isi maka ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na USA ACDI/VOCA, Agribusiness Systems International, na Palladium Group na ọrụ mmepe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na East Africa. == Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite == * 2019: Onye nnata nke 'Forbes Woman Africa Gen Y Award', na Forbes Africa Women Summit, South Africa * 2019: Onye okike akụ ọhụrụ, nwanyị Forbes Africa, South Africa * 2018: meriri Climate-Smart track innovate iji chepụta ihe nrite na Nzukọ Einstein na-esote (NEF) Global Gathering na Rwanda maka ịmepụta usoro kemịkalụ ọkụ nke na-ewepụta ìhè maka microgrids ime obodo. * 2016: Onye nnọchi anya Malawi na Nzukọ Einstein na-esote (NEF), Senegal * 2015: Google Anita Borg Scholarship, London * 2012: Ndị na-eto eto Africa Leaders Initiative (YALI), Washington DC == Ndụ onwe onye == == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 274qq1izipf5ggjvzk87t5d8aaq62jp 0 39443 728248 723138 2026-09-26T16:03:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cari Champion''' (amụrụ na June 1, 1978) bụ onye nta akụkọ mgbasa ozi Amerika na onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn.<ref name="Nesheim">{{Cite web|author=Nesheim|first=Jay Jay|date=September 26, 2012|url=http://espnmediazone.com/us/press-releases/2012/09/cari-champion-joins-espn-as-host-of-first-take-as-show-ratings-surge/|title=Cari Champion Joins ESPN as Host of First Take as Show Ratings Surge|publisher=[[ESPN|ESPN MediaZone]]|accessdate=June 12, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430031120/http://espnmediazone.com/us/press-releases/2012/09/cari-champion-joins-espn-as-host-of-first-take-as-show-ratings-surge/|archivedate=April 30, 2013}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-elekọta Ihe ngosi Cari Onye mmeri na Amazon Prime Video Egwuregwu Talk. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihe na onye nta akụkọ maka Tennis Channel na dị ka onye ọbịa nke ESPN2's Mbụ Were. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014, Onye mmeri ghọrọ onye na-ahụ maka mmemme ESPN SportsCenter. Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ asatọ na netwọk ahụ, ọ hapụrụ ESPN na Febụwarị 2020. Site n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020 ruo n'ọnwarị 2021, ya na Jemele Hill kwadoro Cari & Jemele (Won't) Stick to Sports na Vice on TV network. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Champion na June 1978 ma zụlite ya na Pasadena, California . <ref name="Vibe">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vibe.com/article/next-espns-cari-champion|accessdate=June 12, 2013|title=Next: ESPN's Cari Champion|work=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|date=December 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511222018/http://www.vibe.com/article/next-espns-cari-champion|archivedate=May 11, 2013}}</ref> Champion gara Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA), ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Bekee ma belata na nkwukọrịta ọha. O dere maka Daily Bruin ma bụrụ onye UCLA alumni kpaliri ịchụso ọrụ na journalism, gụnyere Matea Gold nke ''Washington Post'', onye bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/CariChampion/status/464149972191948800|title=Cari Champion on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=May 13, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg" /> A dọtara Onye mmeri n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche nke ịgbanwe echiche ọjọọ nke [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Ndị Africa America]]: "Achọrọ m inye ndị mmadụ olu na-enweghị olu. Anọ m na-alụ ọgụ mgbe niile maka ndị na enweghị isi. Amaghị m ebe m nwetara ya, mana ọ dị m ka nke ahụ ndụ m niile. "Ọ bụ ya mere m ji hụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi n'anya. " N'afọ mbụ ya, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Washington, D. C., wee nweta ọzụzụ na VOA.<ref name="DeFrancesco" /><ref name="Feinberg">{{Cite web|url=http://magazine.ucla.edu/exclusives/espns-referee/|accessdate=June 12, 2013|title=ESPN's Referee - Web Exclusive|work=UCLA Magazine Online|publisher=UCLA Marketing & Communications and UCLA Alumni Association|author=Feinberg|first=Paul|date=February 4, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708065627/http://magazine.ucla.edu/exclusives/espns-referee/|archivedate=July 8, 2013}}</ref> Onye mmeri gụsịrị akwụkwọ na UCLA na 2000, na nzere Bekee. [3][4]<ref name="DeFrancesco" /> == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ mgbasa ozi mbụ === Champion malitere ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ Ọ kwagara West Virginia maka ọrụ akụkọ mbụ ya.<ref name="Nesheim" /> O mechara kwuo banyere ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ: "Abụ m otu nwoke na ebu igwefoto na tripod na nke ahụ bụ ihe jọgburu onwe ya. Mana ahụrụ m ya n'anya n'ihi na achọrọ m ime ya. "Ọ chọrọ mgbe niile ịbụ onye nta akụkọ na Orange County Newschannel na Santa Ana, California, tupu ọ banye WPTV-TV na West Palm Beach, Florida, n'otu ikike ahụ na 2002.[1]<ref>{{Cite journal|volume=132|journal=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|title=none}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2007, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka WGCL-TV na Atlanta, a chụrụ Onye mmeri n'ọrụ maka ebubo na ọ na ekwu okwu mkparị na ikuku. Ọ rịọrọ ka a chụọ ya n'ọrụ ma kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ maka Maynard Institute na onye nduzi ala agwaghị ya na onye ya na ya na arụkọ ọrụ mgbe ezumike azụmahịa gasịrị, nakwa na igwe okwu ahụ nwetara mkparịta ụka ha na enwe banyere onye na-ede ihe nkiri nae nweghị isi: "A kpọrọ m onye na ese ihe nkiri 'mothersucka' ọ bụghị f-bomb. " <ref name="Ho">{{Cite news|author=Ho|first=Rodney|date=December 19, 2007|url=http://alt.coxnewsweb.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/radiotalk/entries/2007/12/19/1219_cari_champ.html|accessdate=June 12, 2013|title=Cari Champion gets a 2nd chance|work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]|archive-date=November 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111105858/http://alt.coxnewsweb.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/radiotalk/entries/2007/12/19/1219_cari_champ.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A kpọghachiri ya na Jenụwarị 2008, mana ọ hapụrụ obere oge ka ọ gasịrị maka ọrụ mgbasa ozi na Machị maka ọrụ mgbasa akụkọ na mpụga Atlanta. Mgbe ọ kwagara Florida, Onye mmeri kọrọ akụkọ dịka akụkọ gbasara mmasị mmadụ na ajọ ifufe na steeti ahụ.<ref name="Nesheim" /> Mgbe ọ na arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ zụlitere mmasị na tennis mgbe ọ kpuchiri ndị egwuregwu dịka Venus na Serena Williams: "Ha mere ka m hụ egwuregwu ahụ n'anya ọbụna karịa. Ha meghere ọnụ ụzọ maka ọtụtụ ndị dị iche iche. " O mechara nyochaa maka ngalaba akụkọ na-eto eto nke Ọwa tenis ma bụrụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahọpụtara site na ọdọ mmiri nke ihe karịrị iri ise. <ref name="DeFrancesco">{{Cite journal|author=DeFrancesco|first=Tracey|date=August 2011|volume=4|issue=5|url=http://tennisviewmag.com/pastissuearticle/cari-champion-the-purpose-driven-reporter/|accessdate=June 12, 2013|journal=Tennis View Magazine|title=Cari Champion: The Purpose Driven Reporter|archive-date=August 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803131221/http://tennisviewmag.com/pastissuearticle/cari-champion-the-purpose-driven-reporter/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDeFrancesco2011">DeFrancesco, Tracey (August 2011). . ''Tennis View Magazine''. Seminole. '''4''' (5). Archived from on August 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ sonyeere netwọk ahụ na 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jwww.tennischannel.com/programs/talent/cari_champion.aspx|title=Cari Champion|publisher=[[Tennis Channel]]|accessdate=June 13, 2013|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HLgR8c40?url=http://jwww.tennischannel.com/programs/talent/cari_champion.aspx|archivedate=June 13, 2013}}</ref> Champion rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ n'akụkụ ụlọ ikpe, [1] ma kwado akụkụ akụkọ Akụkọ Ụlọikpe nke ọwa ahụ. [2] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ ntụrụndụ maka netwọk Starz na ihe ngosi dịka The Insider na ''Hollywood 411'' . <ref name="Feinberg" /> === Ọrụ na ESPN === [[Usòrò:First_Take_Salute_the_Troops_broadcast.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Onye mmeri n'etiti Stephen A. Smith (n'aka ekpe), na Skip Bayless (n'akụkụ aka nri), na-ese ihe nkiri First Take na Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst na 2014]] N'October 1, 2012, Champion sonyeere ESPN dị ka onye ọhụrụ na-akwado ESPN2's live debate show First Take . <ref name="Nesheim" /> E were ya n'ọrụ karịa Heidi Watney na Jemele Hill maka ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="Zaldivar">{{Cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1329685-espn-reportedly-welcomes-tennis-channels-cari-champion-to-host-first-take|accessdate=June 12, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228205836/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1329685-espn-reportedly-welcomes-tennis-channels-cari-champion-to-host-first-take|archivedate=December 28, 2012|author=Zaldivar|first=Gabe|date=September 10, 2012|title=ESPN Reportedly Welcomes Tennis Channel's Cari Champion to Host "First Take"|publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-elekọta ihe ngosi ahụ, ọ na-eduzi arụmụka n'etiti ndị ọkachamara n'egwuregwu Skip Bayless na Stephen A. Smith, onye o kwuru na ya nwere "ndị kachasị ukwuu, ndị kachasị ike n'ụlọ ahụ". <ref>{{Cite web|date=June 18, 2015|url=https://www.yahoo.com/tv/s/espn-cari-champion-promoted-sportscenter-anchor-exclusive-032642566.html|title=ESPN's Cari Champion Promoted to 'SportsCenter' Anchor (Exclusive)|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|accessdate=June 19, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ tụgharịrị echiche maka akụkọ na ESPN, Champion mere nke mbụ ya dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka netwọk ahụ na Nọvemba 4, 2014, mgbe ọ kọwapụtara ma gbaa onye na-agba bọọlụ bọọlụ Amerika Cam Newton ajụjụ ọnụ na mpaghara maka ''E:60'' .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kreiswirth|first=Carrie|date=November 4, 2014|url=http://www.espnfrontrow.com/2014/11/first-takes-cari-champion-debuts-e60-correspondent-profiles-cam-newton/|title=First Take's Cari Champion debuts as E:60 correspondent, profiles Cam Newton|publisher=ESPN Front Row|accessdate=November 6, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106194343/http://www.espnfrontrow.com/2014/11/first-takes-cari-champion-debuts-e60-correspondent-profiles-cam-newton/|archivedate=November 6, 2014}}</ref> N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, ọ bụ onye a na elekwasị anya na tweets agbụrụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị site n'aka onye na eme ihe ọchị Artie Lange, onye ji njakịrị gosipụta onwe ya na Champion na nrọ mmekọahụ nke e debere n'oge Ịgba ohu. Lange tweeted mgbaghara nye Onye mmeri n'ụbọchị na esote na ESPN wepụtara nkwupụta na Egosiputara egwuregwu nke baara tweets Lange mba, ebe Champion azaghachighị n'ihu ọha.<ref>{{Cite news|author=D'Zurilla|first=Christie|date=November 5, 2014|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-artie-lange-cari-champion-racist-sex-fantasy-twitter-espn-20141105-story.html|title=Artie Lange explains his racist sex fantasy about ESPN's Cari Champion|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=November 6, 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọ rịọchara ESPN maka ọnwa isii ka ọ bụrụ onye na ekwu okwu na SportsCenter, e buliri Onye mmeri n'ọkwa ahụ na June 2015. Ọ kwadoro ihe omume ikpeazụ ya nke Mbụ Were na June 19 wee malite ịhazi mbipụta ụtụtụ nke Ebe egwuregwu na July.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bonesteel|first=Matt|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/early-lead/wp/2015/06/19/cari-champion-escapes-espns-first-take-for-sportscenter/|title=Cari Champion escapes ESPN's 'First Take' for 'SportsCenter'|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=June 19, 2015}}</ref> === Ọrụ na Amazon Prime Video === N'afọ 2022, Embassy Row kwupụtara na Onye mmeri ga-akwado nke Cari Ihe ngosi onye mmeri na Amazon Prime Video . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Porter|first=Rick|date=2022-10-31|title=Amazon Enters Sports-Talk Arena With Daily Slate of Shows|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/amazon-sports-talk-shows-1235251982/|accessdate=2022-11-06|work=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 14, 2022, Onye mmeri mere nke mbụ ya na Nke Cari Ihe ngosi onye mmeri . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Forristal|first=Lauren|date=2022-11-14|title=Amazon launches 'Sports Talk' on Prime Video to give sports fans 12 hours of live daily content|url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/14/amazon-launches-sports-talk-on-prime-video-to-give-sports-fans-12-hours-of-live-daily-content/|accessdate=2022-11-15|work=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite news|author=Best|first=Neil|date=July 25, 2015|url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/media/cari-champion-espn-s-first-take-needs-to-evolve-1.10674042|title=Cari Champion: ESPN's First Take 'needs to evolve'|work=[[Newsday]]|accessdate=December 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152525/http://www.newsday.com/sports/media/cari-champion-espn-s-first-take-needs-to-evolve-1.10674042|archive-date=December 22, 2015|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|author=Collins|first=J. J.|date=May 2012|url=http://www.iwg-gti.org/catalyst/may-2012/q-a-with-renowned-sports-journal/|title=Q&A with renowned sports journalist Cari Champion: An interview by J.J. Collins|work=Catalyst eNewsletter|publisher=International Working Group on Women and Sport|accessdate=June 12, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730080946/http://www.iwg-gti.org/catalyst/may-2012/q-a-with-renowned-sports-journal/|archivedate=July 30, 2013}} * {{Cite journal|author=Harris|first=Christopher|issue=July 31|year=2015|url=http://www.ebony.com/entertainment-culture/cari-champion-joins-sportscenter-interview-111#.Vb42rYzD_Dc|title=Cari Champion Joins SportsCenter! [INTERVIEW]|journal=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]|accessdate=August 2, 2015}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * Onye mmeri CarinaIMDb * ESPN First Take's channelnaYouTube [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] p090pre5sy6e26jimo4rt65vtlexczr 0 39775 728380 644125 2026-09-27T02:17:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Sharon Emily Epperson''' (amụrụ n'April 12, 1968) bụ onye isi na-ahụ maka ego nke CNBC.<ref name="CBS1">{{Cite web|title=Pittsburgh Native, Financial Correspondent Sharon Epperson On Surviving Brain Aneurysm: 'Just Being Here Is Such A Blessing'|url=https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2018/09/21/financial-correspondent-sharon-epperson-brain-aneurysm-survivor/|work=CBS Pittsburgh|date=21 September 2018|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na ihe ngosi NBC Akụkọ, Taa na NBC Nightly News . <ref name="Monique">{{Cite web|author=Monique|first=Porsha|title=CNBC finance correspondent Sharon Epperson shares expert advice|url=https://rollingout.com/2018/04/07/sharon-epperson-sr-personal-finance-correspondent-cnbc-shares-expert-advice/|work=Rolling Out|date=7 April 2018|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Epperson bụ ada David E. Epperson na Ceceila T. Epperson, onye nkuzi lagoro ezumike nka na Pittsburgh Sistemụ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọha, nkuzi ikpeazụ na Lincoln Ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na Pittsburgh.<ref name="Kalson">{{Cite web|author=Kalson|first=Sally|title=Obituary: David E. Epperson / Longtime dean at University of Pittsburgh social work school|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2011/06/22/Obituary-David-E-Epperson-Longtime-dean-at-University-of-Pittsburgh-social-work-school/stories/201106220174|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> Nna nna ya bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ ígwè.[1] Nna ya, onye nwụrụ ugbu a, bụ Dean nke Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Social Work na Mahadum Pittsburgh ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 30 ma bụrụ onye isi Afrịka Amerịka mbụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.[1]<ref name="Kalson" /> Epperson gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Taylor Allderdice Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Pittsburgh na 1986 ma tinye ya n'ime ụlọ nzukọ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ ha n'afọ 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Allderdice to induct 6 to Alumni Hall of Fame|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-city/allderdice-to-induct-6-to-alumni-hall-of-fame-321622/|accessdate=July 18, 2012|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 31, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214194747/http://www.post-gazette.com/neighborhoods-city/2011/10/31/Allderdice-to-induct-6-to-Alumni-Hall-of-Fame/stories/201110310301|archive-date=December 14, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'oge ọkọchị mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ na ngalaba ọbá akwụkwọ Pittsburgh Press. Epperson nwere nzere bachelọ na Sociology na gọọmentị na Mahadum Harvard, nzere masta na ihe gbasara mba ụwa na Mahadum Columbia, na nzere doctorate na Mahadam Carlow dị na Pittsburgh. <ref name="Oyedele">{{Cite web|author=Oyedele|first=Akin|title=Meet The Women Of CNBC|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/women-of-cnbc-2014-11#sharon-epperson-20|work=Business Insider|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Monique" /> id="CITEREFMonique2018">Monique, Porsha (7 April 2018). [https://rollingout.com/2018/04/07/sharon-epperson-sr-personal-finance-correspondent-cnbc-shares-expert-advice/ "CNBC finance correspondent Sharon Epperson shares expert advice"]. ''Rolling Out''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Clarke">{{Cite web|author=Clarke|first=Caroline|title=TV JOURNALIST SHARON EPPERSON BATTLES BACK FROM BRAIN INJURY|url=https://www.blackenterprise.com/sharon-epperson-brain-aneurysm/|work=Black Enterprise|date=10 November 2017|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> Na Harvard, ọ sonyeere Lambda Upsilon chapter nke Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.<ref name="Carrejo">{{Cite web|author=Carrejo|first=Cate|title=Who Is Sharon Epperson? The CNBC Correspondent Will Add A Lot To The GOP Debate|url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/119273-who-is-sharon-epperson-the-cnbc-correspondent-will-add-a-lot-to-the-gop-debate|work=Bustle|date=25 October 2015|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nkuzi nke ihe omume mba ụwa na Mahadum Ụlọ akwụkwọ Columbia nke International Public Affairs kemgbe afọ 2000.[4]<ref name="Carrejo"/> Ọ bụbu onye isi na-ahụ maka ike nke CNBC, nke nọ na New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) na-ekpuchi ahịa ahịa kwa ụbọchị ruo afọ asatọ. N'afọ 2015, Epperson bụ otu n'ime ndị otu isii na-akọwa arụmụka onye isi ala nke Republican. [1] <ref name="NYTDebate">{{Cite news|title=CNBC May be the Big Winner of the Next Republican Debate|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/28/business/media/a-debate-cnbc-plans-to-win.html|work=The New York Times|date=28 October 2015|accessdate=14 March 2020|author=Koblin|first=John}}</ref>> Epperson ekpuchila ego nkeonwe na kọlụm maka ''USA Weekend'' na ederede ya apụtawokwa na magazin Essence, The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, na magazin Self.<ref name="Oyedele" /> Ọ dekwara The Big Payoff: Nzọụkwụ 8 Di na nwunye nwere ike ime iji nweta ego ha kacha mma ma bie ndụ nke ọma. <ref>[http://www.harpercollins.com/books/9780060744885/The_Big_Payoff/excerpt.aspx ''The Big Payoff'']</ref> Epperson na-akwado usoro vidiyo dijitalụ Retire Well . <ref name="Monique" /> == Onyinye == 1995: 1st ebe nsọpụrụ site na National Association of Black Journalists maka mkpuchi otu na akụkọ mkpuchi Time magazine na Nation of Islam.1999: Silver World Medal site na New York Festivals, asọmpi mmemme telivishọn mba ụwa.2001: Gracie Allen Award site na Foundation of American Women in Radio and Television.2003: Trailblazer of the Year Award site na New York Association of Black Journalists.2003: All-Star Award site na Association of Women in Communications. == Ndụ onwe onye == Nwa afọ Pittsburgh, ya na di ya,, Christopher John Farley, bụkwa onye odeakụkọ na-ede akwụkwọ nwetara ihe nrite, bi na Westchester County, NY, ya na ụmụ ha abụọ. Ha lụrụ kemgbe Ọgọst 30, 1997, 1997.<ref name="CBS1" />[https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2018/09/21/financial-correspondent-sharon-epperson-brain-aneurysm-survivor/ "Pittsburgh Native, Financial Correspondent Sharon Epperson On Surviving Brain Aneurysm: 'Just Being Here Is Such A Blessing'"]. ''CBS Pittsburgh''. 21 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Clarke" /> Nwanne ya nwanyị, Lia Epperson, bụ onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na prọfesọ iwu na Mahadum Washington College of Law nke Amerika, onye bụbu onye isi oche NAACP Ben Jealous bụ onye bụbu nwanne di Sharon.<ref name="Kalson" />{{Cite web|author=Kalson|first=Sally|title=Obituary: David E. Epperson / Longtime dean at University of Pittsburgh social work school|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2011/06/22/Obituary-David-E-Epperson-Longtime-dean-at-University-of-Pittsburgh-social-work-school/stories/201106220174|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate=14 March 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKalson">Kalson, Sally. [https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2011/06/22/Obituary-David-E-Epperson-Longtime-dean-at-University-of-Pittsburgh-social-work-school/stories/201106220174 "Obituary: David E. Epperson / Longtime dean at University of Pittsburgh social work school"]. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="traction">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/ben-jealous-sanders-style-democrat-gaining-traction-in-clinton-loving-md/2018/06/06/183ff4e4-644e-11e8-a768-ed043e33f1dc_story.html|title=Ben Jealous: Sanders-style Democrat gains traction in Clinton-loving Md.|work=The Washington Post|date=June 6, 2018|first=Ovetta|author=Wiggins|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, Epperson nwere nkwarụ nke aneurysm ụbụrụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mmega ahụ, mana o nweghị mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ na adịgide adịgide.<ref name="Bondy">{{Cite web|author=Bondy|first=Halley|title=How a brain aneurysm helped CNBC's Sharon Epperson embrace change|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/know-your-value/feature/how-brain-aneurysm-helped-cnbc-s-sharon-epperson-embrace-change-ncna1104621|work=NBC|date=19 December 2019|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Clarke" /> == Hụkwa == * Ndị New York na akwụkwọ akụkọ == Edensibia == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.cnbc.com/id/15838163/ Profaịlụ CNBC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070416014112/http://www.journalismjobs.com/sharon_epperson.cfm Ọrụ Akụkọ] {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] kbv9pqkv41v2s938u2jy45zehohzh9b 0 39890 728337 723461 2026-09-26T22:41:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Robin Nicole Hamilton''' bụ onye nta akụkọ America, onye edemede, onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn, na onye isi na [["ARoundRobin Production Company]]". Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ mgbasa ozi na Florida, New York, Boston, Massachusetts, na Washington, D.C. Ọ duziri obere ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ 2015 This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer . == Mmụta == A mụrụ ya na Columbia, Maryland, <ref name="BostonGlobe">Jones, Vanessa E. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210522103136/https://www.boston.com/ "Tressed for Success: Black Women Speak Volumes with Their Hair"],''[[The Boston Globe]]'', December 15, 2005, page D1.</ref> Hamilton gara Mahadum Duke, na-enweta akara ugo mmụta mahadum na bekee. O dere tesis ya na desegregation na Durham. O nwetara nzere masters na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na Mahadum New York. O nwetakwara nzere masta na nchịkwa ọha na eze na-elekwasị anya na iwu na mgbasa ozi site na Mahadum Harvard John F. Kennedy School of Government.<ref name="LoC">{{Cite web|title=Many Paths to Freedom: Looking Back, Looking Ahead at the Long Civil Rights Movement|url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/civilrights/events/bios.html|publisher=The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress|accessdate=28 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="BayStateBanner">[http://baystatebanner.com/news/2011/aug/23/robin-hamilton/ "Robin Hamilton"], ''[[Bay State Banner]]'' (Boston, Massachusetts), August 23, 2011.</ref><ref name="HillCenter">{{Cite web|title=This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Lou Hamer - Documentary Screening and Conversation with Filmmaker Robin Hamilton & NPR Host Michel Martin|url=http://hillcenterdc.org/home/programs/2404|publisher=Hill Center at the [[Old Naval Hospital]]|accessdate=28 July 2015|archivedate=10 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910100858/http://hillcenterdc.org/home/programs/2404}}</ref> == Telivishọn na ihe nkiri == Ọrụ akụkọ mbụ Hamilton na ikuku bụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ telivishọn na Florida. Mgbe ọ nọrọ na New York, Hamilton ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ maka WBZ-TV na Boston, Massachusetts na Machị 2001. Mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị, a kwalitere Hamilton ka ọ bụrụ onye na-elekọta ''UPN38 Morning Show'' na UPN38 (WSBK-TV) na Boston, ụlọ ọrụ nwanne nwanyị nke WBZ-TV. E mere UPN38 Morning Show dị ka ụdị mpaghara nke The Today (usoro ihe omume TV US),Gosi, akụkọ na-akpakọrịta, ihu igwe, na okporo ụzọ nwere njirimara na ejiji, ịzụ ụmụ, ọrụ ubi, na nhazi oriri.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ryan|first=Suzanne C.|title=UPN38 Plans Chatty A.M. News|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2005/04/02/upn38_plans_chatty_am_news/|accessdate=1 August 2015|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=April 2, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085251/http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2005/04/02/upn38_plans_chatty_am_news/|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Features, not news, will drive UPN38's show|url=http://article.wn.com/view-travelagents/2005/04/01/Features_not_news_will_drive_UPN38s_show/|accessdate=1 August 2015|publisher=[[Boston Herald]]|date=April 1, 2005}}</ref><ref>Radsken, Jill. "Networking: TV Anchor Visits Favorite Haunts on Hunt for New On-Air Winners",''[[Boston Herald]]'', June 9, 2005, page 52.</ref> Hamilton laghachiri Washington, D.C., ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na CW-affiliate DCW50 TV (WDCW), dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka mmemme NewsPlus.<ref name="LoC"/><ref name="BayStateBanner"/><ref name="HillCenter"/> Ọ kwadokwara usoro DCW50's Living Black History maka afọ isii gara aga. <ref name="LBH">{{Cite web|title=Living Black History 2015|url=http://dcw50.com/living-black-history/|publisher=WDCW|accessdate=28 July 2015|archivedate=7 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807180328/http://dcw50.com/living-black-history/}}</ref> Hamilton apụtawokwa na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke afọ 2012 bụ ''Ted'' dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ. <ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1637725/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm "Full Cast & Crew for Ted (2012)"], [[Internet Movie Database]]. accessed July 26, 2015.</ref> Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye isi nke ARoundRobin Production Company, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta vidiyo.<ref name="ARoundRobin">{{Cite web|title=Executive Team|url=http://aroundrobinproduction.com/sample-page/executive-team/|publisher=ARoundRobin Production Company|accessdate=28 July 2015|archivedate=14 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814055328/http://aroundrobinproduction.com/sample-page/executive-team/}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Hamilton dere, mepụta ma duzie ihe nkiri a bụ This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer, <ref name="NYTimes">Smith, Jada F. [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/18/movies/stirring-others-to-action-with-civil-rights-films.html "Stirring Others to Action With Civil Rights Films"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 17, 2015.</ref> <ref name="WaPo">Davis, Marcia. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/march-on-washington-film-festival-mines-history-has-eye-on-the-future/2015/07/17/bee991d6-2c90-11e5-a5ea-cf74396e59ec_story.html "March on Washington Film Festival mines history, has eye on the future"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', July 17, 2015.</ref> <ref name="ClarionLedger">Berry, Deborah Barfield. [http://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2015/07/16/fannie-lou-hamers-work-honored-washington-event/30268753/ "Fannie Lou Hamer’s work honored at Washington event"], ''[[The Clarion-Ledger]]'' (Jackson, Mississippi), July 16, 2015.</ref> ihe nkiri gbasara onye na-ere ahịa na Mississippi nke lụrụ ọgụ maka ikike ịtụ vootu.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4421746/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm "Full Cast & Crew for This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer (2015)"], [[Internet Movie Database]]. accessed July 26, 2015.</ref> A maara Fannie Lou Hamer A maara nke ọma maka ịgba akaebe ya ama ama n'oge kọmitii nzere Democratic National Convention na-anụ na 1964, na-akọwa obi ọjọọ ndị isi ojii chere ihu ibi na Jim Crow South. Ìhè nke m nke a: Ihe nketa nke Fannie Hamer bụ ihe nkiri mmeghe maka March na Washington Film Festival na Julaị 15, 2015,[1][2][3] ma ga-egosikwa na Martha's Vineyard African American Film Festival na NYC Independent Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://fannielou.com/|publisher=Robin N. Hamilton|accessdate=28 July 2015|archivedate=4 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204091551/https://www.fannielou.com/}}</ref>[4] Tụkwasị na nke a, e gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na Hill Center na Old Naval Hospital na Washington, D.C., na August 5, 2015, dị ka akụkụ nke usoro mmemme ikike obodo nke Library of Congress American Folklife Center, "Many Paths to Freedom: Looking Back, Looking Ahead at the Long Civil Rights Movement". <ref name="HillCenter"/><ref name="LoC"/> Mgbe nyocha ahụ gasịrị, onye na-elekọta NPR bụ Michel Martin ga-agba Hamilton ajụjụ ọnụ.[8]<ref name="HillCenter" /> Iji kwalite obere Ìhè nke m a: Ihe nketa nke Fannie Hamer, Hamilton bụ ọbịa na Julaị 19, 2015, ihe omume nke Mmụọ nke Jazz na WPFW.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Alias|first=Lona|title=Spirit of Jazz|url=http://www.wpfwfm.org/radio/programming/archived-shows|accessdate=29 July 2015|publisher=WPFW|date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, All Digitocracy dere akụkọ gbasara Hamilton na ihe nkiri ahụ na August 4, 2015, Hamilton bụ onye ọbịa na Kojo Nnamdi Show. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hill|first=Glynn|title=Film Festival Showcases Pioneering Civil Rights Heroine|url=http://alldigitocracy.org/film-festival-showcases-pioneering-civil-rights-heroine-2/|work=All Digitocracy|publisher=All Digitocracy|accessdate=29 July 2015|archivedate=1 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801221703/http://alldigitocracy.org/film-festival-showcases-pioneering-civil-rights-heroine-2/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fannie Lou Hamer and the Fight for Voting Rights|url=https://thekojonnamdishow.org/shows/2015-08-04/fannie-lou-hamer-voting-rights-act|work=The [[Kojo Nnamdi]] Show|publisher=WAMU 88.5|accessdate=4 August 2015}}</ref> == Onyinye == Hamilton emeriela ma họpụta ya maka ọtụtụ onyinye maka ọrụ ya na DCW50 TV (WDCW) Living Black History series. Na June 15, 2013, Hamilton ritere ihe nrite Emmy nke mpaghara maka The Dream Began Here, akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-enyocha ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ndị America America nwere na Washington D.C. <ref name="LBH"/> N'afọ 2012, o ritere ihe nrite Gracie Award site na Alliance for Women in Media maka ọrụ ya na Hattie's Lost Legacy, nke na-achọpụta ọrụ nke onye mmeri mbụ nke African American Academy Awards Hattie McDaniel na ihe omimi nke ihe oyiyi Oscar ya furu efu. <ref name="LBH" /> <ref>"Disappearance of McDaniel's Historic Oscar Explored in 'Hattie's Lost Legacy'", ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', February 11, 2011.</ref> A họpụtara Hattie's Ihe nketa furu efu maka onyinye Emmy mpaghara 2011 maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme..<ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Emmy Award Recipients|url=http://www.capitalemmys.tv/sites/default/files/2011%20Emmy%20Awardees.pdf|publisher=National Capital Chesapeake Bay Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences|accessdate=29 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828163505/http://www.capitalemmys.tv/sites/default/files/2011%20Emmy%20Awardees.pdf|archivedate=28 August 2014}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, Hamilton meriri abụọ nke National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) Salute to Excellence Awards. N'afọ 2013 ọ meriri maka The Dream Began Here <ref name="STE2013">[http://www.nabj.org/?page=STEWinners2013 2013 Salute to Excellence Winners], National Association of Black Journalists, accessed July 28, 2015</ref> na 2011 ọ meriri na Howard Theatre: A Century in Song, ihe ngosi banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme Howard Theatre.<ref>{{Cite news|title=IN the news: Robin Hamilton|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2461943011.html|work=The Boston Banner|date=August 25, 2011|archive-date=April 10, 2016|access-date=March 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410000044/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2461943011.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="STE2011">[http://www.nabj.org/?page=STEWinners2011 2011 Salute to Excellence Winners], National Association of Black Journalists, accessed July 26, 2015.</ref> A họpụtara Hamilton maka 2012 NABJ Salute to Excellence Award maka Hattie's Ihe nketa furu efu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2012 Salute to Excellence Television Finalists|url=http://www.nabj.org/?STETELEVISION2012|work=www.nabj.org/|publisher=National Association of Black Journalists|accessdate=29 July 2015}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọha na eze == N'oge ọdịda nke 2010, Hamilton jere ozi dị ka a [[:en:Public_Media_Corps|Public Media Corps]] (PMC) Onye otu nke nyere ya ohere ịkwalite ngwá ọrụ mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na obodo ndị na-enweghị nchekwas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The PMC Fellows|url=http://publicmediacorps.org/fellows/|publisher=National Black Programming Consortium|accessdate=28 July 2015|archivedate=16 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716225721/http://publicmediacorps.org/fellows/}}</ref> PMC bụ ọrụ nke National Black Programming Consortium (NBPC). <ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=http://publicmediacorps.org/about/|publisher=National Black Programming Consortium|accessdate=28 July 2015}}</ref> Hamilton nọ na bọọdụ nke Energy Justice Network, otu na-akwado ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board {{!}} Energy Justice Network|url=https://www.energyjustice.net/about/board|accessdate=2022-04-14|work=www.energyjustice.net|archivedate=2022-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517202223/http://www.energyjustice.net/about/board}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Hamilton lụrụ Mark Falzone. == Edensibia == {{Reflist|33em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] abhl2apc3w7s45c78o14u3hksyfcbni 0 39931 728208 722984 2026-09-26T13:12:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Nzọụkwụ Mbụ Back Home''' (FSBH) bụ 501(c)(3) nzukọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, kwadoro dị ka okwukwe dabeere na Ndị Kraịst ozi iji nyere ndị ikom na-enweghị ebe obibi aka inweta nnwere onwe ego na afọ ojuju onwe ha, na Ofallon, Missouri . <ref name="FSBH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.firststepbackhome.net|title=First Step Back Home on Internet|accessdate=2011-12-28}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye agha Vietnam na onye ọrụ mmekọrịta Paul W Kruse <ref name="paulbio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/Paul_Kruse_Bio.pdf|accessdate=2011-12-28|title=Paul Kruse Bio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075323/http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/Paul_Kruse_Bio.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-26}}</ref> na nwunye ya Lana Kruse hiwere ya. O nyerela ọtụtụ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị na-enweghị olileanya na St. Charles, Lincoln na Warren Counties nke Missouri aka ịchọta ebe obibi na ọrụ kwụsiri ike. Kemgbe 2005, FSBH enyerela ihe karịrị mmadụ 3,000 na-enweghị ebe obibi aka inwe afọ ojuju. <ref name="STLToday">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/stcharles/news/first-step-back-home-receives-operation-round-up-grant/article_5db22a9b-2e29-5399-8af3-9291d818b10d.html|title=FSBH receives $3,000 grant from Cuiver River Electric Community Trust|accessdate=2011-12-29|publisher=STLToday.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116094315/https://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/stcharles/news/first-step-back-home-receives-operation-round-up-grant/article_5db22a9b-2e29-5399-8af3-9291d818b10d.html|archive-date=2023-11-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ na-eme mmemme site n'enyemaka nke Community Council of St. Charles Continuum. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == FSBH malitere na Maachị, 2005 site n'aka Paul Kruse, onye agha Vietnam nke jere ozi na US Navy dị ka Airman na Seaman . Paul na nwunye ya malitere Trucker Church Ministry na Foristell, Missouri, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://westplexcc.org/truck_stop_ministry.php|title=About Truck Stop Ministry|publisher=West Plex CC|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075258/http://westplexcc.org/truck_stop_ministry.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> nwere ugbua ihe karịrị ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala 2,500 ndị gara ọrụ ma nụ ka a na-ekwusa ozi ọma kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 6 na ọkara. Ọ bịara mara na enweghi ihe onwunwe na oghere dị na ọrụ nke ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-enye ndị ikom na-enweghị ebe obibi na St. Charles County, ma malite Ozi ya sitere na onyinye $ 1000 sitere na azụmahịa obodo. <ref name="FSBH"/> FSBH enyerela ihe karịrị 3000 ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na mpaghara ahụ nweta ebe obibi, nri, uwe, ọrụ, chọta ụgbọ njem, na n'ikpeazụ wee bụrụ onye na-akwado onwe ya ọzọ. Nkwado maka FSBH sitere na obodo site na azụmahịa, otu obodo na onyinye onye ọ bụla na ọ nweghị nke sitere na gọọmentị etiti ma ọ bụ Gọọmenti Mpaghara . <ref name="paulbio"/> == Otu ndị isi oche == FSBH na-arụ ọrụ site n'aka ndị ọrụ obodo, ndị sitere na nzụlite dị iche iche. Ndị otu bọọdụ na-enyere aka karịa n'ime mkpebi gbasara mmemme mgbasawanye na onyinye onyinye n'ọdịnihu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/miraclenews.pdf|title=FSBH Board of Director|publisher=firststepbackhome.net|accessdate=2011-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075336/http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/miraclenews.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-26}}</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable" ! width="120" |Ndị otu ! width="120" | Nhọpụta ! width="200" | Mgbakwunye nhazi |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor="98FB98" | Paul W Kruse | Onye malitere |</img> Nzọụkwụ Mbụ Laghachi n'ụlọ |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor="98FB98" | Lana Kruse | Onye na-echekwa ego |</img> [[Ụlọ ọgwụ St. Joseph na ebe ahụike|Ụlọ ọgwụ St. Joseph West]] |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor="98FB98" | Chuck Gatschenberger | Odeakwụkwọ |</img> [[Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya Missouri|MO Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya]] |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor="98FB98" | Chris Bray | Onye otu |</img> Ụlọ ọrụ PolyOne Corporation |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor="98FB98" | Onye isi obodo Paul Lambi | Onye otu |</img> Onye isi obodo [[Wentzville, Missouri]] |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor="98FB98" | Dave Bonney | Onye otu |</img> Onye ndụmọdụ Kọmputa |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor="98FB98" | Carla Campbell | Onye otu |</img> Ụlọ ọrụ mgbaba |- style="background:#ffffff;" | bgcolor=98FB98 | |</img> |} == Ozi == Otu a kwenyere na a na-enye ikike nke onwe ya na ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide, yabụ na-achọ ịnye enyemaka n'ụdị enyemaka nsogbu nye ndị ogbenye na igbochi enweghị ebe obibi n'otu ụlọ ahịa . Otu a na-ezubekwa ije ozi dị ka onye akaebe nke Ndị Kraịst site na ozi a, na ịgbasa ya na steeti ndị ọzọ, ndị mba ọzọ na n'ime ụlọ. <ref name="FSBH"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/Mission,%20Value%20&%20Vision.pdf|accessdate=2011-12-28|title=FSBH Ministry Overeview|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075347/http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/Mission%2C%20Value%20%26%20Vision.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-26}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nnabata == FSBH na ndị otu ya anatala ihe nrite maka mbọ ha na-agba n'ebe ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị ogbenye nọ n'ime obodo, nke ndị obodo, ụlọ ọrụ na gọọmentị. * Paul Kruse, onye guzobere FSBH bụ onye natara FOCUS St. Louis "Gịnị dị mma na mpaghara" Award e nyere na May 11, 2006 na ememe na nnabata na Sheldon Concert Hall na St. Louis, MO, maka mbọ ya. mere site na FSBH n'ebe ndị ogbenye nọ n'obodo ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/FOCUS_Award_Release.pdf|title=Paul Kruse, Founder of FSBH receives Focus Award in May 2006|accessdate=2011-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075354/http://www.firststepbackhome.net/pdf/FOCUS_Award_Release.pdf|archivedate=2012-04-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/stcharles/life/article_c26767ee-aee8-57cb-9a36-6f651f482566.html|title=Awards received by Paul Kruse and FSBH|accessdate=2011-12-28|publisher=STLToday.com}}</ref> * Paul na Lana Kruse bụ ndị nnata nke Senior Service Award, nke Lieutenant Gọvanọ Peter Kinder nke St. Louis nyere, maka ọrụ ha na nnọchite ndị ogbenye na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi rụrụ site na FSBH, na July 15, 2011 <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ltgov.mo.gov/press/71411seniorservice.htm|title=Paul &amp; Lana Kruse receive Senior Service Award from Lt. Gov. Peter Kinder|accessdate=2011-12-28|publisher=Lt. Governor's Office Press|archive-date=2012-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120221040/http://ltgov.mo.gov/press/71411seniorservice.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsmagazinenetwork.com/201107147581/lake-saint-louis-couple-to-be-honored-by-lt-governor/|title=Lt. Gov. awards Paul and Lana Kruse|publisher=News Magazine Network|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2012-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423135054/http://www.newsmagazinenetwork.com/201107147581/lake-saint-louis-couple-to-be-honored-by-lt-governor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.morpn.com/statewide-offices/missouri-lt-governor/lt-governor-peter-kinder-names-paul-and-lana-kruse-as-senior-service-award-winners/6723/|title=Lt. Gov. Peter Kinder awards FSBH|publisher=Missouri Republican News|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426081119/http://www.morpn.com/statewide-offices/missouri-lt-governor/lt-governor-peter-kinder-names-paul-and-lana-kruse-as-senior-service-award-winners/6723/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.morpn.com/statewide-offices/missouri-lt-governor/lt-governor-peter-kinder-names-paul-and-lana-kruse-as-senior-service-award-winners/6723/|title=Lt. Gov. Peter Kinder awards FSBH|publisher=Missouri Republican News|accessdate=2011-12-28|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426081119/http://www.morpn.com/statewide-offices/missouri-lt-governor/lt-governor-peter-kinder-names-paul-and-lana-kruse-as-senior-service-award-winners/6723/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ịkwalite ego na onyinye == FSBH na-ebute ụzọ ego site n'onyinye nke ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe na ndị obodo na-enye. * FSBH natara ọrụ Round Up Grant nke ''$3,000'' site na Cuivre River Electric Community Trust iji kwado ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na mpaghara na Disemba 2011, yana ''$5,000'' na Mee 2010. <ref name="STLToday"/> <ref name="STLToday2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/stcharles/news/article_4b039d95-8c6c-5ae2-896b-470fddec680a.html|title=FSBH receives $5,000 grant from Cuiver River Electric Community Trust|accessdate=2011-12-29|publisher=STLToday.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821224943/http://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/stcharles/news/article_4b039d95-8c6c-5ae2-896b-470fddec680a.html|archive-date=2011-08-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Otu ndị ọrụ ịma ọkwa nke ụlọ ọgwụ Lake St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri welitere ''$457'' maka mmemme enweghị ebe obibi FSBH na Ọktoba 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ssmhc.com/internet/home/StJosephWest.nsf/News/F435EB556D463D988625737800702B05?opendocument|title=Mission Awareness Team of lake St. Louis Hospital raise money for FSBH program|publisher=SSM St. Louis Health Center|accessdate=2011-12-28}}</ref> Ọ na-ahazi mmemme dị iche iche n'oge pụrụ iche, dịka; Krismas, Afọ Ọhụrụ na Ista iji wepụta ego iji nyere ndị ogbenye aka, gụnyere na webụsaịtị otu ahụ. Ọtụtụ ụka na ụlọ ọrụ enyerela aka n'ịwepụta ego maka FSBH. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fox2now.com/news/ktvi-homeless-hotel-122309,0,355189.story|title=FSBH's Coverage on FOX2Now.com|publisher=Fox2Now.com|accessdate=2011-12-28}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.firststepbackhome.org/ Weebụsaịtị FSBH] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075403/http://westplexcc.org/firststep.php FSBH na West Plex CC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091227024529/http://www.fox2now.com/news/ktvi-homeless-hotel-122309,0,355189.story Mkpuchi akụkọ FOX na FSBH], Jun 25, 2009 * [http://www.facebook.com/FirstStepBackHome FSBH Community] Official FSBH Facebook ibe sgd9rrqmcqaf4h2mjoo37wrdaujshrb 0 39959 728284 184293 2026-09-26T18:48:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728284 wikitext text/x-wiki   Philabundance bụ ụlọ akụ nri aponye na-ejere mpaghara Philadelphia na Delaware Valley nke Pennsylvania, United States.  Ọ bụ ire ukwuu kacha na mpaghara ahụ.  [1] [2] Òtù ahụ kwuru na ebumnobi ya bụ nri agụụ na obodo ya <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ending Hunger For Good|url=https://www.philabundance.org/ending-hunger-for-good/|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=Philabundance|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411171632/https://www.philabundance.org/ending-hunger-for-good/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Pam Lawler hiwere nzukọ a na 1984. Na 2005, ọ jikọtara ya na The Greater Philadelphia Food Bank, ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ a na-arụkwa ọrụ n'okpuru aha Philabundance. <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 28, 2005|title=Philadelphia's Two Largest Hunger Relief Organizations Merge|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/food-stores/4257918-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324181429/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/food-stores/4257918-1.html|archivedate=2010-03-24|work=[[AllBusiness.com]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Savana|first=Freda|date=November 11, 2010|title=Bare cupboards a sign of the season|url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/news/local/courier_times/courier_times_news_details/article/28/2010/november/11/bare-cupboards-a-sign-of-the-season-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115022431/http://www.phillyburbs.com/news/local/courier_times/courier_times_news_details/article/28/2010/november/11/bare-cupboards-a-sign-of-the-season-1.html|archivedate=2010-11-15|accessdate=2010-12-07|work=[[Bucks County Courier Times]]}}</ref> == Nhazi == Philabundance na-ejere ndị mmadụ 90,000 ozi kwa izu, 30% n'ime ha bụ ụmụaka, 15% bụ ndị agadi, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ nwere mmemme yana netwọk nke ụlọ ọrụ 350. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philabundance 2021|url=https://indd.adobe.com/view/40769621-44c7-40d3-94b1-6136aa1f00be|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928192938/https://indd.adobe.com/view/40769621-44c7-40d3-94b1-6136aa1f00be|archivedate=2022-09-28|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=indd.adobe.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=November 16, 2010|title=A growing need for food relief|url=http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_A_growing_need_for_food_relief.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121200334/http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_A_growing_need_for_food_relief.html|archivedate=2010-11-21|accessdate=2010-12-07|work=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pompilio|first=Natalie|date=November 16, 2010|title=Relief agencies feel hunger pangs|url=http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_Relief_agencies_face_hunger_pangs.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119100612/http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_Relief_agencies_face_hunger_pangs.html|archivedate=2010-11-19|accessdate=2010-12-07|work=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=October 18, 2010|title=Philabundance Seeks Help From Suburbanites For Suburbanites|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/philabundance-seeks-help-from-suburbanites-for-suburbanites/|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=[[KYW-TV|CBS Philadelphia]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philabundance.org/learn/about-us/programs/grocers-against-hunger/|title=Grocers Against Hunger {{!}} Philabundance|work=www.philabundance.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209131534/https://www.philabundance.org/learn/about-us/programs/grocers-against-hunger/|archivedate=2016-12-09}}</ref>Philabundance na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-ere nri na ndị ọrụ ugbo maka njikwa nri;  na 2016, ọ na pụta 10 nde pound nri.  kwalite a na-akwadokwa mmemme n'ụdị Greater Philadelphia Coalition Against Hunger == Usoro == Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ afụ 15,000 Philabundance bụkwa ndị na-ahụ maka, ngwaahịa na mmemme Fresh for All ya.  Ndị ọrụ afọ a na-eji awa 2–3 n'izu ikesa ndị ọzọ nri. . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-24|title=Temple is taking charge in the fight against hunger|url=https://news.temple.edu/news/2015-09-24/temple-taking-charge-fight-against-hunger|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=[[Temple University]]}}</ref>Onye mmekọ Philabundance, Chester County Food Bank, [1] na ụlọ nri nri America ndị ọzọ esorola akwụkwọ nye ụlọ akwụkwọ nri. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Saylor|first=Alyssa|date=November 17, 2010|title=Nonprofit hosts 'LIFTgiving'|url=http://temple-news.com/2010/11/17/nonprofit-hosts-liftgiving/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121055024/http://temple-news.com/2010/11/17/nonprofit-hosts-liftgiving/|archivedate=2010-11-21|accessdate=2010-12-07|work=[[The Temple News]]}}</ref> == Mmemme == * Mmemme Ọhụrụ Maka Niile – A na-arụ ọrụ na ebe itoolu na Pennsylvania na New Jersey, o nwere ebumnuche ije ozi elu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fresh For All - PA 211|url=https://www.pa211.org/agency/20116/23613/|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=PA 211|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411171632/https://www.pa211.org/agency/20116/23613/}}</ref> <ref name="name j">{{Cite web|author=Keeler|first=Bob|date=November 8, 2010|title=Fresh for All brings produce to Souderton church for those in need|url=http://www.montgomerynews.com/articles/2010/11/08/souderton_independent/news/doc4cd0e7ed7377c898981346.txt|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232148/http://www.montgomerynews.com/articles/2010/11/08/souderton_independent/news/doc4cd0e7ed7377c898981346.txt|archivedate=2016-03-03|accessdate=2010-12-07|work=Montgomery Media|language=en-US}}</ref> * Mmemme igbe ndị okenye - Na-enye igbe nri nke USDA na-akwado ihe ruru ụmụ amaala 5,000 nwere obere ego. <ref>{{Cite web|date=April 13, 2010|title=Philabundance offers food boxes to local seniors - Ridley Town Talk|url=http://www.delconewsnetwork.com/articles/2010/04/13/ridley_town_talk/news/doc4bbbf85cadd8e907475103.txt|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224213/http://www.delconewsnetwork.com/articles/2010/04/13/ridley_town_talk/news/doc4bbbf85cadd8e907475103.txt|archivedate=March 3, 2016|accessdate=January 1, 2011|publisher=[[Delaware County Daily Times]]}}</ref> * Philabundance Community Kitchen – Mmemme ọzụzụ ọrụ maka ndị na-enweghị ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediarights.org/organization/Philabundance_Community_Kitchen/|title=Philabundance Community Kitchen : MediaRights Organizations Database|publisher=Mediarights.org|date=|accessdate=January 1, 2011|archivedate=September 28, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928065753/http://www.mediarights.org/organization/Philabundance_Community_Kitchen/}}</ref> * Ndị na-ere nri na-emegide agụụ - na-enye ndị na-ere nri na-ekere òkè aka inye Philabundance ihe ngụkọ. Na 2015, mmemme ahụ zọpụtara ihe dị ka nde pound iri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailylocal.com/articles/2010/11/12/business/srv0000009936399.txt?viewmode=fullstory|title=Teaming Up Against Hunger : The Daily Local News|publisher=dailylocal.com|date=|accessdate=November 12, 2010|archivedate=March 14, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314140845/http://www.dailylocal.com/articles/2010/11/12/business/srv0000009936399.txt?viewmode=fullstory}}</ref> * KidsBites - KidsBites enyela ndị mmadụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 250,000 nri. Philabundance na-enye ọtụtụ ụdị mmemme ndị ọzọ: Mobile Pantry, BackPacks, na LunchBoxes. <ref>{{Cite web|title=KidsBites LuncBox Program|url=https://www.philabundance.org/learn/about-us/programs/kidsbites-lunchbox-program/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015806/https://www.philabundance.org/learn/about-us/programs/kidsbites-lunchbox-program/|archivedate=2017-03-22|work=Philabundance}}</ref> == Onyinye inye ego == Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ n'ime nnukwu onyinye kwa afọ: * '''Ezinụlọ Na-eri nri Phans:''' Philadelphia Phillies na Citizens Bank na-akwado mmemme ezinụlọ Phans Feeding Families kwa afọ, nke mejupụtara abalị na bọọlụ ebe enwere raffles na ndị na-enye ego, yana nchịkọta nri na ọdụ AT&amp;amp;T na Citizens Bank Park . Citizen Bank na-enye onyinye kwa afọ nke $40,000 iji kwado atụmatụ KidsBites nke Philabundance. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Phans Feeding Families Day and Food Drive {{!}} Philadelphia Phillies|url=https://www.mlb.com/phillies/tickets/specials/phans-feeding-families|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=[[Major League Baseball|MLB]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="name d">{{Cite web|date=October 29, 2010|title=Month Long Food Drive for Philabundance|url=https://www.nhl.com/flyers/news/month-long-food-drive-for-philabundance/c-542004|accessdate=2010-12-07|work=[[National Hockey League|NHL]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924102904/https://www.nhl.com/flyers/news/month-long-food-drive-for-philabundance/c-542004|archive-date=2016-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''SEPTA Kwụsị Agụụ n'Ọdụ Gị''' - Ndị na-ahụ maka njem njem na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Pennsylvania (SEPTA) na-akwado Philabundance kwa afọ site na ịnakọta ego maka nri na ọdụ ụgbọ elu 40 SEPTA. <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 30, 2012|title=Hunger Doesn't Take a Vacation {{!}} SEPTA|url=https://www5.septa.org/media/news/hunger-doesnt-take-a-vacation/|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=[[Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="name k">{{Cite web|title=Stop Hunger At Your Station With Philabundance|url=http://www.septa.org/events/philabundance/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613104244/http://www.septa.org/events/philabundance/index.html|archivedate=2010-06-13|accessdate=2010-12-07|work=[[Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * '''93.3 WMMR's Preston &amp;amp; Steve Camp pụta maka agụụ''' - Kemgbe 1998, Preston na Steve emela mmemme ụbọchị ise "Camp Out for Hunger", na nso nso a, na Xfinity Live! mgbagwoju anya. Nke a na-ebuli ihe karịrị nde paụnd 2.6, US$200,000 na 2019, yana ihe karịrị nde pound iri na anọ kemgbe mmalite ya. * '''6 ABC's Holiday Food Drive''' : Kwa afọ, 6 ABC na ndị mmekọ Dunkin'Donuts na ACME na-ebuli nri, ego, na mmata nke Philabundance site na Ekele site na Afọ Ọhụrụ . Ihe nke mkpọsa ahụ gụnyere onyinye na ụlọ ahịa ACME, telethon ABC 6, na nkwalite ụlọ ahịa Dunkin'Donuts. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-01|title=6abc donates $20,000 to Philabundance during Dunkin' Holiday Food Drive Telethon|url=https://6abc.com/6abc-food-drive-dunkin-holiday-telethon-philabundance/8421128/|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=[[WPVI-TV|6ABC Philadelphia]]|language=en}}</ref> * '''Toyota Hauls Away Agụụ''' : Toyota Dealership Association nke Delaware Valley na-ejide nri nri ọ bụla December, na gburugburu 50 Tundras caravaning si Philabundance's nkwakọba na North Philly na-adọba ụgbọala Citizen Bank Park. <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 30, 2023|title=Nearly 85 Toyota Tundras Haul Away Hunger in Philadelphia|url=https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-nearly-85-toyota-tundras-haul-away-hunger-in-philadelphia|accessdate=2023-04-11|work=[[Major League Baseball|MLB]]|language=en}}</ref> * '''Fraud Street Run''' : Ndị na-agba ọsọ Philadelphia abụọ, Chip na Jeff nke pọdkastị ''Junk Miles'', haziri mmemme ọrụ ebere sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ sitere na ọgbakọ nta akụkọ nke Oge anọ Total Landscaping . Ihe omume ahụ welitere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ US$63,000 . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2}} fds3y562lw1004j9ksedbrez0u83grl 0 40477 728196 628253 2026-09-26T12:37:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Uweza Foundation''' bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-arụ ọrụ ịkwalite mmepe mmadụ na mkpọkpọkpọ Kibera nke Nairobi, [[Kenya]] . E hiwere ya na 2008 ma debanye aha ya na United States dịka nzukọ 501(c) 3 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Financials|url=https://uwezakenya.org/financials/|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Uweza Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Rooney Mara na-edu ya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Ma|first=Julie|date=2013-05-31|title=Rooney Mara and Mom, Hair Twins|url=https://www.thecut.com/2013/05/rooney-mara-and-mom-hair-twins.html|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=The Cut|language=en}}</ref> Aha Uweza sitere na okwu [[Swahili language|Swahili]] nke pụtara ohere, ikike na ike. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Mottram|first=James|date=December 17, 2011|title=Rooney Mara on reinventing Lisbeth Salander for Hollywood|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/arts-ents/film/rooney-mara-on-reinventing-lisbeth-salander-for-hollywood.1324091038|accessdate=December 17, 2011|work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere Uweza Foundation na 2008. <ref name=":2" /> Onye malitere ya akwagala mba ahụ wee lụọ otu nwoke obodo mgbe ọ gachara Kenya ịrụ ọrụ afọ ofufo n'ụlọ ụmụaka dị na mkpọda Kibera. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2023-01-06|title=In Nairobi, Naperville native Jennifer Sapitro helps Kenyans fulfill their artistic dreams|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2023/1/6/23516603/nairobi-kenya-jennifer-sapitro-uweza-foundation-kibera|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Chicago Sun-Times|language=en}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2011, Uweza Foundation jikọtara ya na ihu nke Kibera, ọrụ ebere nke Rooney Mara tọrọ ntọala. <ref name=":1" /> Ihu Kibera bu n'obi inye ụmụ mgbei ụlọ, nri na nlekọta ahụike site n'ịrụ ụlọ ụmụ mgbei na mpaghara ahụ. Ọrụ ebere ahụ nwetara nkwado ego site n'aka ndị otu NFL n'okpuru nduzi Mara. <ref name="Post-Gazette">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110417114944/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08346/934457-66.stm Steelers, Giants memorabilia auctioned to help Kenyan orphans]". December 11, 2008. ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]''. Retrieved on December 11, 2008.</ref> Mara malitere ọrụ ebere ahụ mgbe ọ gara n'ógbè ahụ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na 2006 ma kpalie ya inyere ụmụ mgbei aka, ndị ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwụnahụrụ nne na nna n'ihi ọrịa AIDS na ọrịa HIV. Ọ malitere ọrụ ebere ya n'ihi nkụda mmụọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị na-abaghị uru nke ọ na-ele anya dị ka nanị ohere azụmahịa: "Ndị chọrọ enyemaka anaghị enweta ya n'ezie. Ya mere amalitere m nke m", ọ gwara magazin ''Interview'' na 2009. <ref name="InterviewMag">Martin, Michael. "[http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/rooney-mara/ Rooney Mara]". ''[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]''. Retrieved on June 25, 2009.</ref> Uweza Foundation gara n'ihu na-elekọta Mara bụ onye na-eje ozi dịka onye isi oche ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ya. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name="JournalNews">Serico, Chris (August 16, 2010). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150205045609/http://www.lohud.com/article/20100816/ENTERTAINMENT/100816004/1164/entertainment/Meet%20Rooney%20Mara+%2C%20she+%27s%20not%20just%20following%20in%20her%20sister+%27s%20footsteps Meet Rooney Mara, she's not just following in her sister's footsteps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205045609/http://www.lohud.com/article/20100816/ENTERTAINMENT/100816004/1164/entertainment/Meet%20Rooney%20Mara+%2C%20she+%27s%20not%20just%20following%20in%20her%20sister+%27s%20footsteps |date=February 5, 2015 }}". ''[[The Journal News]]''. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.</ref> Na 2022, Uweza Foundation jikọrọ aka na ROAM Gallery na Xtina Parks iji gosi ọrụ ndị nka Kibera na Museum of Contemporary Art na [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Eagle|first=The Berkshire|date=2022-05-26|title=5 gallery shows to see in the Berkshires over Memorial Day weekend|url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/arts_and_culture/arts-theater/5-gallery-shows-berkshires-memorial-day-weekend/article_a263f9a4-dc3b-11ec-a5e8-97e53c37766e.html|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=The Berkshire Eagle|language=en}}</ref> == Ebe a na-elekwasị anya == Ntọala ahụ na-arụ ọrụ iji nye ndị bi na Kibera ike, karịsịa ndị inyom na ndị ntorobịa, site na mmemme mmụta na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwado mmepe nke ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na inyere ndị na-ese ihe aka ibi ndụ site n'ịzụ ahịa nkà ha. <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=Rutou|first=Joy|title=Young artists turn passion into income|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2001447094/young-artists-turn-passion-into-income|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Ntọala ahụ lekwasịrị anya inye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ike site n'ịgbaso nsogbu na-eche ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'oge uto na Kibara ihu. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-10|title=Kenya Election Results: Empowering Kenyan Girls is the Next Step For a Peaceful Kenya|url=https://www.mic.com/articles/33919/kenya-election-results-empowering-kenyan-girls-is-the-next-step-for-a-peaceful-kenya|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Mic|language=en}}</ref> Ọ na-akwadokwa ogige na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik na-amụ ihe n'ụlọ ha na-abụghị ụlọ akwụkwọ ma na-akwado otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ntorobịa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=KABERIA|first=JUDIE|date=2015-09-15|title=Kibera pupils jam study centre as teachers' strike bites|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2015/09/kibera-pupils-jam-study-centre-as-teachers-strike-bites/|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Uweza Soccer Academy are the winners of the thirteenth edition of the Annual Ramadhan Cup|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ktnnews/checkpoint/video/2000095746/uweza-soccer-academy-are-the-winners-of-the-thirteenth-edition-of-the-annual-ramadhan-cup|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> == Osisi Uweza == Dị ka otu n'ime ọrụ ya, ntọala ahụ hiwere Uweza Gallery na Olympic Estate, Kibera na 2012. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Gacheru|first=Margaretta|date=2022-06-20|title=Finding a ten-year-old art gallery in Kibera|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/art/finding-a-ten-year-old-art-gallery-in-kibera-3854076|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nwere nka site na talent obodo ma na-ebutekwa talent na-apụta na mpaghara. O meela ka ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na-akwụ ụgwọ agụmakwụkwọ ha site na nka. Ụlọ ihe ngosi ahụ dị na mbụ n'ime akpa mbupu ochie mana ọ kwagara na Jenụwarị 2019. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title="The Cure Is Us": Kibera artists take on the pandemic {{!}} Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance|url=https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/cure-us-kibera-artists-take-pandemic|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=www.gavi.org|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-14|title=I am out to create a new image of Kibera, using paint and brush|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/mynetwork/i-am-out-to-create-a-new-image-of-kibera-using-paint-and-brush-3782438|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Nation|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 31, 2021|title=Instagram post by @uwezakenya|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CKuYP-UJCMh/|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Instagram|publisher=Uweza Foundation}}</ref> == Ọgbaghara coronavirus == N'oge ọrịa Coronavirus, Uweza jikọrọ aka na ndị mmekọ nkeonwe iji mepụta atụmatụ iji kwalite ịdị ọcha n'obodo ndị na-adịghị adị ka Kibera ma nye ndị bi ebe ahụ ihe nkiri n'efu mere. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Strive Masiyiwa, Dangote Group, Safaricom… Africa’s private sector leads the fight against Covid|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/85503/strive-masiyiwa-dangote-group-safaricom-africas-private-sector-leads-the-fight-against-covid/|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=The Africa Report.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lee|first=Alicia|date=2020-05-10|title=In 2020, masks aren’t just for protection – they’re being used to make a statement|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/10/world/coronavirus-face-masks-statement-trnd/index.html|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Ntọala ahụ sokwa ndị na-ese ihe si na Uweza Gallery rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta eserese ozi iji mepụta mmata n'oge ọrịa a. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-06|title=Mural art: Coronavirus pandemic inspires global graffiti artists|url=https://gulfnews.com/photos/news/mural-art-coronavirus-pandemic-inspires-global-graffiti-artists-1.1596703113643|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=gulfnews.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nunoo|first=Ama|date=2020-03-30|title=Artists in Kenya’s Kibera slum are kicking out coronavirus with these eye-popping murals|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/artists-in-kenyas-kibera-slum-are-kicking-out-coronavirus-with-these-eye-popping-murals|accessdate=2024-03-04|work=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> mabq8xdmbbscyzfvvzfzvlrps38nk9u 0 40507 728260 214095 2026-09-26T16:57:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Otu mgbasa ozi ụwa''' bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, edebanye aha na UK dịka ntụkwasị obi ebere. Ọ dabeere na London. Ọrụ ọrụ ebere bụ ịkwado mgbasa ozi siri ike na nke nwere onwe ya nke na-enye ụmụ amaala ike, na-akwalite ikpe ziri ezi ma na-enye aka na mmepe mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/5056741|title=Charity Commission One World Media Trust}}</ref> Ọrụ ebere ndị a gụnyere: Otu World Media Awards, OWM Fellowship, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/one-world-media-fellowship-2022/|title=One World Media Fellowship 2022|date=28 February 2022}}</ref> Global Short Docs Forum <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org.ua/en/programmes/arts/film/gsdf-2019|title=GSDF 2019, British Council|accessdate=2024-04-04|archivedate=2024-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404162201/https://www.britishcouncil.org.ua/en/programmes/arts/film/gsdf-2019}}</ref> na OWM Global Reporting Summit. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/journalists-must-be-free-tell-stories-change-world|title=Journalists must be free to tell stories that change the world, Middle East Eye}}</ref> == Otu World Media Awards == '''Otu World Media Awards''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/|title=Awards|work=One World Media|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-05}}</ref> bụ maka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na akụkọ na-enweghị akụkọ sitere na ndịda ụwa. Ha na-amata nke ọma na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi nke ndịda zuru ụwa ọnụ na ndụ mmekọrịta ya na omenala ya. A na-egosi ha kwa afọ na emume na London. Onye na-eweta akụkọ bụ Jon Snow kọwara ihe nrite ndị a dị ka “ihe nrite ndị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ chọrọ n'ezie inweta”. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5575881/Fergal-Keane-Trying-to-change-the-world-one-TV-screen-at-a-time.html|title=Fergal Keane: Trying to change the world, one TV screen at a time|author=Davies|first=Serena|date=2009-06-19|accessdate=2019-06-05|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Ihe nrite 2022 === A nabatara ndị mmeri 2022 site na nnọkọ ndị a họpụtara n'ịntanetị na mmemme ndụ na BAFTA na London na 16 June 2022. Ndị a họpụtara si Bosnia, Nepal, India, Poland, France mere njem n'onwe ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/2022-winners/|title=One World Media 2022 Awards}}</ref> Enyere TOLOnews ihe nrite pụrụiche. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-178519|title=TOLOnews}}</ref> === Ihe nrite 2012 === Otu World Media Awards 2012 (afọ 24) mere na mgbede nke 8 May na Kings Place, London. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/09/press-awards-guardian-observer|title=Press awards for Guardian and Observer journalists|author=Quinn|first=Ben|date=2012-05-09|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2019-06-05|language=en-GB}}</ref> {| border="1" !Otu ! Onye mmeri <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/winners |title=oneworldmedia.org.uk, ''Winners'' |accessdate=2024-04-04 |archivedate=2012-05-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507084100/http://oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/winners }}</ref> ! Òtù/Ihe nrite nye |- | Onye nta akụkọ nke afọ | Jamal Osman | ITN maka Channel 4 |- | Redio | ''Ihe omume - Ọrịa Haiti ọgbụgbọ'' | BBC World Service |- | Igwe onyonyo | ''Ogige ogbugbu Sri Lanka'' | ITN maka Channel 4 |- | Akwụkwọ akụkọ | ''Ogige ogbugbu Sri Lanka'' | ITN maka Channel 4 |- | Mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ | ''Africa anyi'' | Obodo SOS ụmụaka UK |- | Akụkọ | ''Ndị otu Nato hapụrụ ndị njem 61 ka ha nwụọ n'ihi agụụ na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ'' | ''Onye nche'' |- | Ihe nkiri | ''[[Ịkpọ ọkụ Otelo|Ọkụ Otelo]]'' | Ihe nkiri Otelo na-ere ọkụ |- | Ikike ụmụaka | ''Nyocha Africa: Asụpe nke Albino'' | [[InsightNewsTV]] maka Al Jazeera bekee |- | Pịa | ''Mmeko nwoke'' | ''The Observer'' |- | Atụmatụ ewu ewu | ''Ebe kacha sie ike ịbụ Binman'' | BBC Abụọ |- | Mmepe na-adịgide adịgide | ''E nwere otu agwaetiti'' | Na mmepụta ọkwa |- | Nwa akwukwo | ''Bagong Silang'' | Zena Merton, Giselle Santos na Stefan Werc, London College of Communication |- | Pụrụ iche | ''Ezuru nwata'' | [[Adanech Admassu]] na Gem TV, Ethiopia |} === Ihe nrite 2013 === Ihe nrite otu World Media Awards nke iri abụọ na ise mere na Tuzdee 7 Mee na King Place na London. <ref name="oneworldmedia.org.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/2013-winners/|title=2013 Winners|work=One World Media|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-05}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/2013-winners/ "2013 Winners"]. ''One World Media''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> {| border="1" !Otu ! Onye mmeri <ref name="oneworldmedia.org.uk"/> ! Òtù/Ihe nrite nye |- | Onye nta akụkọ mba ụwa nke afọ | Sue Lloyd-Roberts | BBC Newsnight |- | Redio | ''Ihe omume/Na-agafe Kọntinent: Uzbekistan'' | BBC Ụwa |- | Igwe onyonyo | ''Ụwa a na-akọghị: Master Chef nke Mogadishu'' | Ọwa 4 |- | Akwụkwọ akụkọ | ''Na onyinyo nke anyanwụ/ Storyville: Albino Witchcraft Murders'' | Ihe nkiri inroad na ihe nkiri narị afọ maka BBC Storyville |- | Olu ọhụrụ | Tahir Qadiry | BBC Persian |- | Akụkọ | ''Ikpe ziri ezi nke Somalia'' | Akụkọ Channel 4 |- | Pịa | ''Ọkụ Ọnwụ'' | Akwụkwọ akụkọ izu ụka Guardian |- | Nwa akwukwo | ''Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ama ama'' | Vincent Du, ndị na-ese ọla edo |- | Pụrụ iche | Objective TV, Azerbaijan | |} == Ndị ọrụ, ndị nlekọta na ndị nkwado == Onye isi ugbu a bụ Gemma Bradshaw. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/about/|work=One World Media|accessdate=3 June 2020}}</ref> Ndị nlekọta nke One World Media bụ: <ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/about/|work=One World Media|accessdate=28 June 2021}}</ref> * Samir Shah, onye isi na onye isi ihe okike nke Juniper TV. (Oche) * Charlotte Alfred, onye nta akụkọ nyocha na onye nchịkọta akụkọ. * Victoria Bridges, Onye nrụpụta akwụkwọ na onye isi. * Godfrey Cromwell, onye otu House of Lords. * Juan Flames, onye isi nchịkwa, Barclays * Monica Garnsey, onye na-emepụta ihe na TV ugbu a * Joel Kibazo, Onye mmekọ ntọala, JK Associates * Muriel Lamin, onye isi mmepe azụmahịa, BBC World Service * Liliane Landor, onye isi akụkọ ozi mba ofesi, ọwa 4 * Carol Nahra, Prọfesọ, onye nta akụkọ na onye mmepụta ihe Ndị na-akwado otu mgbasa ozi ụwa ugbu a gụnyere Jon Snow . Ndị nna ochie Zeinab Badawi, Michael Buerk na Jonathan Dimbleby . == Edensibia == enweghị akụkọ sitere na ndịda ụwa. Ha na-amata nke ọma na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi nkeenweghị akụkọ sitere na ndịda ụwa. Ha na-amata nke ọma na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi nke{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://oneworldmedia.org.uk/ Saịtị gọọmentị] * [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/may/11/one-world-media-awards-win Mkpuchi mgbasa ozi nke One World Media Awards 2011 site n'aka Guardian] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110527080526/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ariel/13358754 Mkpuchi mgbasa ozi nke Otu World Media Awards 2011 nke BBC Ariel dere] 94ywai5mpqfcetkuq41rlfnfdssm1gn 0 40963 728438 163996 2026-09-27T09:04:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  E hiwere '''OmniPeace''' na 2007 site n'aka Mary Fanaro, onye ọchụnta ego dabere na [[Los Angeles]] . A raara ntọala a n'iwu ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na [[Rwanda]] (ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu egwu Rwanda Rocks). <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-13|title=Rwanda Rocks aims to unlock future musicians with new mobile music bus|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/media/6085939596001/%3E|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=CNBC Africa|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'ime afọ iri gara aga, OmniPeace ewula ụlọ akwụkwọ itoolu n'ime Dr. Jeff Sachs '(Economist, Global Anti-Poverty Crusader & Head of Earth Institute / Columbia University ) Millennium Villages Project ; welitere ego na mmata maka Obodo Joy, ebe nrụzigharị na ebe nchekwa maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ndị ihe ike agha na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] ; wee ziga convoys abụọ n'ime [[Somalia]] na Super Bowl Champions, The New York Giants, na-azụ ihe karịrị ezinụlọ 10,000 n'oge otu n'ime nsogbu ndị mmadụ kacha njọ na afọ 60 gara aga. OmniPeace esorola otu dị iche iche gụnyere Millennium Promise, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qBD0ivtLwAkC|title=Social Justice Handbook: Small Steps for a Better World|year=2009|author=Cannon|first=Mae Elise|publisher=[[InterVarsity Press]]|isbn=978-0-8308-3715-1}}</ref> UNICEF, <ref name="People">{{Cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20284831,00.html|title=Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox Arquette and Sheryl Crow Come Together for the Congo|author=Garcia|first=Jennifer|date=June 12, 2009|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|publisher=Time Inc.|accessdate=August 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328104755/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20284831,00.html|archive-date=March 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Lalela Project]], <ref name="HP schools">{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/15/fashion-label-omnipeace-t_n_823801.html|title=Labor Of Love: Clothing Line OmniPeace Exceeds School Construction Goals In Senegal|date=February 15, 2011|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|publisher=TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.|accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref> na buildOn . <ref name="HP celeb">{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/zandile-blay/jennifer-aniston-courtney_b_361978.html|title=Jennifer Aniston and Courtney Cox Adore This Designer, And You Will Too|date=November 18, 2009|author=Blay|first=Zandile|work=The Huffington Post|publisher=TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.|accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref> == Ọrụ dị ugbu a == Na 2016, OmniPeace Foundation malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke asatọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu mbụ na Kigali, Rwanda, aka Rwanda Rocks Music School. Ha malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke itoolu na ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu nke abụọ na Kiziba Refugee Camp, Rwanda, ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu mbụ n'ime ogige ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.one.org/us/blog/music-school-refugees/|title=From dream to reality: Starting a music school in a Rwandan refugee camp|date=2017-09-28|work=ONE|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-20|archivedate=2019-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221111958/https://www.one.org/us/blog/music-school-refugees/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicianswithoutborders.org/2016/06/kiziba-music-space-initiative/|title=War Divides, Music Connects - Kiziba Music Space Initiative|author=Nicholson|first=Chris|date=June 7, 2016|work=Musicians Without Borders|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221111920/https://www.musicianswithoutborders.org/2016/06/kiziba-music-space-initiative/|archivedate=2019-02-21|accessdate=2019-02-20}}</ref> Ntọala OmniPeace dị iji kwalite ndụ ụmụaka site n'iwu ụlọ akwụkwọ iji nye agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi. Ha na-agbapụta ugbu a ịgụnye ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu iji nye ụmụaka ohere inyocha egwu dị ka ihe eji egosipụta onwe ha mgbe ha na-azụlite ma na-amụba mmụọ nke ọgwụgwọ site n'ike egwu. Kpakpando Jennifer Aniston na Courteney Cox akwadokwara ntọala OmniPeace. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jennifer Aniston & Courteney Cox Share Stylish Shirts For OmniPeace {{!}} Access Online|url=https://www.accessonline.com/articles/jennifer-aniston-courteney-cox-share-stylish-shirts-for-omnipeace-72403|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=Access|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://omnipeace.com Webụsaịtị gọọmentị] rztse85grtre4fc8jzxs1dn12ir7s3b 0 41258 728231 706289 2026-09-26T14:41:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728231 wikitext text/x-wiki   The Bright Angel Trail bụ okporo ụzọ dị na Grand Canyon National Park na steeti Arizona nke US . [[Usòrò:Ba-trail.JPG|thumb| Ogige Havasupai (patch na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-egbuke egbuke n'etiti etiti dị anya) na Ụlọ ezumike Mile atọ (ihu ihu aka nri) n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ Angel Bright]] Ụzọ a si na Grand Canyon Village dị na ndịda rim nke Grand Canyon, na-agbadata 4380 Ụkwụ na Colorado .  Ɔ nwere nkezi ọkwa nke 10% n'ogologo ya dum.  Na njedebe nzọ ụkwụ, okporo ụzọ okporo na-aga n'ihu 1.9 kilomita ọzọ na Bright Angel Campground na Phantom Ranch .  Ụzọ ụzọ abụọ a ọnụ bụ usoro na-ama iji nweta Phantom Ranch site na ndị njem na ụgbọ ibu. Ụzọ ụzọ abụọ ma ọ bụ sonye n'okporo ụzọ ụzọ ozi na-egosi, nke mbụ bụ egwuregwutụ na ụzọ Tonto na Havasupai Gardens, na-eduga n'Ebe Ejiji Ncheta na-abụ, na South Kaibab Trail 4.7 miles (  7.6 km) n'ebe ọrịa.  Nke abụọ okporo ụzọ mgbe ụzọ, nke na-amalite n'ihu nsogbu mgbe okporo ụzọ Angel Bright rutere Colorado na River Resthouse (n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ na-eche na Bright Angel Trail na-achọ n'ihu nsogbu ha gafesịrị guzoro).  Colorado na akwa Silver). {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ogologo na atụmatụ n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ mmụọ ozi na-egbuke egbuke <ref name="CorridorBrochure">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/upload/Corridor_Brochure.pdf|title=Corridor Brochure|publisher=National Park Service|date=Sep 2012|accessdate=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418044947/http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/upload/Corridor_Brochure.pdf|archive-date=2013-04-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! Ogologo (mi) ! Elv (ft) ! Ebe ! Ụzọ nkwụsịtụ |- ! 0 | 6860 | Trailhead, South Rim | Ụzọ Rim |- ! 1.6 | 5729 | Ụlọ ezumike Mile na ọkara | |- ! 3.1 | 4748 | Ụlọ ezumike Mile atọ | |- ! 4.9 | 3800 | Ogige Havasupai | Ụzọ okporo ụzọ Tonto<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Plateau Point Trail |- ! 8.0 | 2480 | Ụlọ ezumike River, Colorado River | Ụzọ okporo ụzọ |- ! 9.5 | 2480 | Ebe mara mma nke mmụọ ozi (site n'okporo ụzọ Osimiri) | |- ! 9.9 | 2546 | Phantom anụ ọhịa | |} === Ọnọdụ === <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/grca/wilderness/documents/1988_BCMP.pdf|title=Backcountry Management Plan, Grand Canyon National Park, Appendix G, Section C, p. 39|format=PDF|accessdate=2014-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316211700/http://www.nps.gov/archive/grca/wilderness/documents/1988_BCMP.pdf|archive-date=2007-03-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ogige Ntụrụndụ Grand Canyon na-hazi okporo ụzọ Angel Bright dị ka ụzọ okporo ụzọ.  Site n'aha a, ọ na-egosi na ebere oge niile site n'aka ndị na-elekọta iwu === nnweta mmiri === A na-enweta mmiri site na pipeline trans-canyon na Mile-na-haf Resthouse, the Three Mile Resthouse, na Havasupai Gardens. N'ime ọnwa oyi (na-abụkarị Ọktoba-Eprel) a na-emechi ụlọ izu ike abụọ dị elu na mmiri iji gbochie pipeline ka ọ ghara ịjụ oyi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/hiking-faq.htm|title=Grand Canyon National Park – Hiking FAQ (U.S. National Park Service)|publisher=Nps.gov|date=2014-08-18|accessdate=2014-08-23}}</ref>N'okpuru Ogige Havasupai, ma Garden Creek na Pipe Creek na-erugharị kwa afọ (perennial).  Mmiri mmiri na River Resthouse si na Colorado River .  A akara ịchacha mmiri niile sitere na isi nri, ọgwụgwọ ya, ma ọ bụ sie ya tupu erie ya [[Usòrò:Grand_Canyon_National_Park_Indian_Garden_CG.jpg|thumb| Ogige ogige Havasupai]] Ndị njem nwere ike maa ụlọikwuu na Havasupai Gardens Campground ma ọ bụ na Bright Angel Campground. Na saịtị ọ bụla, ha nwere ike ịnọrọ abalị site na ikike nke Grand Canyon National Park Backcountry Information Center nyere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/backcountry.htm|title=Backcountry Hiking|publisher=U.S. National Park Service|accessdate=2021-01-10}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ National Park Service na-ahazi iji ogige ahụ n'abalị, ha na-akpọ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke otu (7 ruo 11 mmadụ) na nnọkọ (1 ruo 6 mmadụ), yana ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndị mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kaibab.org/bc/gc_use.htm|title=Grand Canyon National Park Use Areas|work=Kaibab.org|accessdate=2014-08-23}}</ref> === Ihe egwu === <ref>{{Cite web|title=National Park Service|url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/upload/2008summergsr.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=14 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216132709/https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/upload/2008summerGsr.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ihe ize ndụ ndị hikers nwere ike ikiri n'ụzọ okporo ụzọ Angel Bright ọkọlọtọ ọkpụkpọ, hyperhydration, mmirika ihe, idei mmiri na--mopo, ụkwụ na-adịghị mma, ice bootpacked, rockfall, ihu anụ Mac, na oke.  obodo.  Na Colorado River, ihe ize ndụ ndị ọzọ egwu hypothermia (n'ihi na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe nile), trauma (n'ihi nkukota na nkume nkume na rapids), na mmiri iri .  Ọzọkwa, a na-eji ahụ nke inyinya mule na-ebuga ndị mmadụ na ìhè na-aga na ala nke ɔdɔ mmirika ahụ.  Ọ bụ ebe na a ụlọ inyinya mule ndị a nke ukwuu, ahụ dị warara n'ebe ụfọdụ, a ikekwa ilezi anya iji nye mule ikike ịzọ.  [1] ahụ nwere ikike ọtụtụ ngbanwe, na ike ike ike ahụta ahụ dị njọ.  [2] Ata squirrel na Plateau Point bụ ihe na-ebute pụtara ahụ anụmanụ ndị ọbịa na-adabaghị ọkwọ == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Havasupai === Ọ bụ ndị Havasupai wuru akụkụ elu nke ụzọ ahụ maka ịnweta isi iyi mmiri nke Garden Creek nke oge a. Havasupai biri n'oge oge na mpaghara a, nke a na-akpọbu '''Ogige India''' (ma ọ bụ ubi India). N'afọ 1903, Onye isi ala Theodore Roosevelt nyere ha iwu ka ha pụọ n'ógbè ahụ, ka ha nwee ohere maka ogige ntụrụndụ. <ref name="Hirst1985">{{Cite book|author=Hirst, Stephen|title=Havsu ‘Baaja: People of the Blue Green Water|url=https://archive.org/details/havsuwbaajapeopl0000hirs|location=Tempe, Arizona|publisher=Walsh and Associates|year=1985|isbn=978-0961464806}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ruo 1928 ka Havasupai ikpeazụ hapụrụ, nke National Park Service manyere ya. <ref name="ASUHavasupai">{{Cite web|url=http://grandcanyonhistory.clas.asu.edu/history_nativecultures_havasupai.html|title=NCGHC: Havasupai|publisher=Arizona State University|accessdate=2013-06-27|author=Biggs|first=Patricia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103125622/http://grandcanyonhistory.clas.asu.edu/history_nativecultures_havasupai.html|archivedate=2013-01-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-05|title=Tribe celebrates renaming of Havasupai Gardens|url=https://www.knau.org/knau-and-arizona-news/2023-05-05/tribe-celebrates-renaming-of-havasupai-gardens|accessdate=2024-03-10|work=KNAU Arizona Public Radio|language=en}}</ref>Na Nọvemba 2022 US Board on Geographic Names ike aha na Havasupai Gardens nke National Park Service nọmba n'aha ebo Havasupai, ndị lere aha ochie ahụ anya dị ka mkparị na ihe na-egbu mgbu nke ikpe na- ike ezi gara aga.  [1] Ememe ọhaneze maka guzo aha ahụ mere na Mee 5, 2023 na South rim nke Grand Canyon, ya na ndị otu Havasupai Tribe na Grand Canyon National Park. === Ralph Cameron === Ralph H. Cameron, onye ga-emesị bụrụ onye omeiwu United States ( R -AZ 1921-27), biri na canyon rim na 1890 wee agha imeziwanye ụzọ Havasupai ochie.  Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a gbatịpụrụ ụzọ ahụ ruo ogologo Colorado .  Ozugbo njikwa nke ahụ dabara Cameron, ọ pịa ya Trail Angel Bright, nke a na-akpọkarị n'oge mmepụta ya dị ka okporo ụzọ Cameron, wee-amamerings $ 1 iji nweta ya, gbakwunyere ndị ọzọ maka mmirika ọ drinkụ drinkụ mmanya.  na iji.  Ime ụlọ dị na Havasupai Gardens === Umunne Kolb === Ellsworth Kolb[1] rutere na Grand Canyon ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Bright Angel Hotel na 1901. A na-arụrụ ya ọrụ dị ka onye na-akụ mgbịrịgba.  N'afọ sochirinụ, Ellsworth kpọrọ nwanne ya nwoke Emery ka ọ bịa n'osimiri dị ka ohere nke ọrụ m meghere.  Agbanyeghị, ogbunigwe asbestos John Hance mechiri tupu ọ bịarute, na-ahapụ Emery enweghị ọrụ N'oge na-akpa anya mgbe nke a nchebe, Emeryakpa azụmahịa foto maka ọrụ na Williams, Arizona .  Ọ dị ọcha ahụ na US$425 (nke ruru ihe dị ka $15,000 na 2023) [15] wee bu ikike ọrụ ahụ na Grand Canyon.  Ya na Ellsworth ngosi ịse foto ndị ọbịa bụ ndị were ike ibu ahụ na-agba n'okporo ụzọ Cameron, na-ana ego maka foto ndị ahụ.  Ezin Cameron gbazitere obere ala dị nso na Emery, ebe ike ahụ hiwere ụlọ ihe nkiri foto n'ime ụlọ ntu iji ree na ree foto ha Ellsworth hapụrụ ọrụ ahụ na 1924, mana Emery gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1976. Ụlọ ọrụ Kolb nke dị ugbu a bụ nke ''Grand Canyon Association'' na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ahịa onyinye, ụlọ ihe nka, na ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme. === Asọmpi na Cameron === <ref name="NPSKaibab">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/upload/south_kaibab_trail.pdf|format=PDF|title=South Kaibab Trail|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2013-06-28}}</ref>Iji soro Cameron na-ahọ mpi, Atchison, Topeka na Santa Fe Railway kwalitere ụzọ ụgbọ dị na Hermit Canyon ( Ụzọ Hermit ) na 1911. N'afọ 1924, National Park Service nke pụtara ahụ iwu okporo ụzọ South Kaibab dị nso na  Yaki Point ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye ọzọ maka ụtụ Cameron === Njikwa Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ Mba === Mgbe ogologo usoro agha nke iwu gasịrị, e nyefere ụzọ ahụ na National Park Service na 1928. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bright Angel Trail|date=1996-10-20|url=http://hikearizona.com/decoder.php?ZTN=16|work=hikearizona.com|accessdate=2008-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030412023846/http://www.hikearizona.com:80/decoder.php?ZTN=16|archivedate=2003-04-12}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta okporo ụzọ dị na Grand Canyon National Park == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.nps.gov/grca/ Grand Canyon National Park, saịtị gọọmentị] * [http://www.kaibab.org/ Grand Canyon Explorer] * [http://www.nps.gov/grca/planyourvisit/upload/BrightAngelTrail.pdf Ụzọ mmụọ ozi na-egbuke egbuke] * [https://grandcanyontravelguide.com/grand-canyon-webcams/ Igwefoto weebụ Grand Canyon Live] (Ụzọ mmụọ ozi na-egbuke egbuke, Kolb Studio, Ntinye South) [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gk6e9sjyz1g86hmzm2k83rjx367xvr5 0 41259 728258 628599 2026-09-26T16:41:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728258 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;" |Havasu Creek |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:2008-04-20-hav-creek-4021.jpg|250x250px]]<div class="infobox-caption">[[Travertine]] formations</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe height="240" frameless="1" align="center" width="290">{"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#cc0000","title":"Havasu Creek"},"type":"ExternalData","title":"Havasu Creek (AZ).map","service":"page"}</mapframe> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Usòrò:USA_Arizona_relief_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage|308x308px|Havasu Creek is located in Arizona]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:16.004%;left:35.525%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[Usòrò:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage|8x8px|Havasu Creek]]</div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the mouth of Havasu Creek in Arizona</div></div></div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Etymology | class="infobox-data" |''ha'' "water" + ''vasu'' "blue-green" |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;" |Location |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |[[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |State | class="infobox-data" |[[Arizona]] |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Coconino |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;" |Physical&nbsp;characteristics |- style="display:none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Source | class="infobox-data" |Havasupai Indian Reservation |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;location</span> | class="infobox-data" |Havasu Springs |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;coordinates</span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Havasu_Creek&params=36_13_00_N_112_41_13_W_ <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°13′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°41′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.21667°N 112.68694°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">36.21667; -112.68694</span></span></span>]</span></span><ref name="gnis" >|- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;elevation</span> | class="infobox-data" |3,260&nbsp;ft (990&nbsp;m) |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mouth | class="infobox-data" |Colorado River |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;location</div> | class="infobox-data" |Havasu Rapids, Grand Canyon |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;coordinates</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Havasu_Creek&params=36_18_28_N_112_45_43_W_type:river <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°18′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°45′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.30778°N 112.76194°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">36.30778; -112.76194</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Havasu_Creek&params=36_18_28_N_112_45_43_W_type:river <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°18′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°45′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.30778°N 112.76194°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">36.30778; -112.76194</span></span></span>]</span></span></indicator> |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;elevation</div> | class="infobox-data" |2,093&nbsp;ft (638&nbsp;m)<ref name="gnis" /> |- style="display:none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Discharge | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;minimum</span> | class="infobox-data" |1&nbsp;cu&nbsp;ft/s (0.028&nbsp;m³/s) |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |} Havasu Creek bụ iyi dị na steeti Arizona nke US na ndị Havasupai .  Ọ bụ ụtụ isi na Colorado, nke ọ na-abanye na Grand Canyon . == Usoro iyi na atụmatụ == <ref name="watersheedrpttwo">{{Cite journal|date=2010-06-01|title=Havasu Canyon Watershed Rapid Watershed Assessment Report|url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_064903.pdf|pages=S1P2, S2P1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520115722/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_064903.pdf|archive-date=2017-05-20|access-date=2024-04-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>Havasu Creek bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke abụọ na-eguzo na Colorado na Grand Canyon National Park.  [1] Ebe a na-ekpofu mmiri maka Havasu Creek dị ihe dị ka 3,000 square miles (7,800 km2 Ɔ-akpọ obodo Williams, Arizona, na Grand Canyon Village. Havasu Creek na-amalite n'elu akara ọwa mmiri dị ka obere mkpọda nke snow na-agbapụ na mmiri ozuzo.  Mmiri a na-aga na mbara ekiri dị n'elu ọwa ahụ maka ihe dị ka 50 miles (80 km) ruo mgbe ọ ebe Cataract Canyon (nke a dị ka Canyon Havasu).  Ọ na-erute Havasu Springs, bụ ebe isi iyi dị n'okpuru ala na-azụ mmiri ahụ.  Enwere ike ime mmiri a site n'ịga n'elu mmiri mgbe mbụ a ga-ezute mmiri ahụ.  Mmiri Dị iche site na ala seventies n'oge ọkara nke afọ, na etiti-fifties na oyi.  [1] [2] A maara mmiri ahụ nke ọma maka agba soro-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ụdị travertine iche.  Nke a bụ n'ihi nnukwu calcium carbonate dị n'ime mmiri nke kpụrụkpụrụ nzu nke na-akpa n'ọwa mmiri ahụ ma na-agbara agba ya nke ukwuu.  Nke a na-a- mmiri mmiri mmiri ahụ ihe na-ebempaka, ebe ọ na-agbanwe mgbe niile.  Nke a na-eme n'ihi na ihe ọ llala na-adaba na iyi ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ na- agbanwe na mmiri.  Nke a na-eme ka mmiri iyi ahụ ikike ikike ka otu afụ site n'otu awụ gaa n'ọzọ.  ahụ ahụ na-agafe n'ime obodo Supai, ma ọ na-ahọba na Colorado === Mmiri mmiri === ==== Navajo Falls ==== [[Usòrò:Dry_navajo_falls.JPG|thumb| Navajo Falls kpọrọ nkụ, mgbe mmiri nke Ọgọst 2008 tụgharịrị iyi gburugburu ebe ọdịda ahụ.]] Ruo n'August 2008 idei mmiri, Navajo Falls bụ mmiri mmiri mbụ ama na ọwa mmiri ahụ.  Akpọrọ ha aha otu agadi Supai.  Ọ dị 1.25 miles (2 km) site na Supai ma na-enweta ya site n'okporo ụzọ dị n'ụdị aka ekpe (n'ụdị aka nri mgbe ị na-aga elu) nke isi nzọ ụkwụ.  Ụzọ n'ụdị na-eduga n'ọwa mmiri ahụ, ebe ekiri àkwà mmiri siri ike nke na-agafe n'osimiri ahụ.  Ụzọ naeduga azụ n'ime osisi, ebe ịhụnanya mmiri na ahụ dị.  Ọdọ mmiri a na-ewu ewu makapụ ya na mfe igwu mmiri.  Ọdịda ndị ahụ dị ihe dịka 70 feet (21 m) ogologo na nke nwere shọtụ mmiri dị iche iche, nke bụ isi dị n'ụdị aka nri ebe mmiri ahụ gbadara n'ugwu nta ahụ.  N'aka ekpe nke isi chute e nwere ndị ọzọ pere mpe bụ ndị srarịrị elu na kwụpụtakwuo.  Enwere ebe ole na ole ike ịwụ elu ugwu, ọ bụ ebe na ị ịhụ anya dị mkpa. N’August 2008, idei mmirika na Navajo Falls kpam kpam.  Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times si kwuo N'agbanyeghị akụkọ mbụ a, saịtị nke ọdịda ka dị; Mslide a tụgharịrị n'ụzọ Havasu Creek. <ref name="havasupaifalls.net">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154324/http://www.havasupaifalls.net/navajo.html Havasupai Falls net: Navajo Falls]</ref> Mmiri mmiri a, nke a na-akpọkwa Upper Navajo Falls, bịara bụrụ nke a ma ama na iju mmiri nke 2008 nke gafere Navajo Falls, ma ugbu a ọ bụ mmiri mmiri mbụ na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Ọdịda ndị ahụ dị ihe dịka 50 feet (15 m) ogologo na daba n'ime ọdọ mmiri nkume. <ref name="WWDB2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/index.php/waterfall/Fiftyfoot-Falls-14197|title=World Waterfall Database – Fiftyfoot Falls|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> <ref name="USGS">{{Cite web|url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:0::NO::P3_FID:12004|title=GNIS Detail – Fiftyfoot Falls|date=2019-09-16|work=USGS}}</ref> N'ịbụ nke a maara dị ka Supai Falls, mmiri mmiri a bụ mmiri mmiri na-adịghị akwụsi ike na Havasu Canyon kemgbe 1885, na-apụ n'anya ma na-apụtakwa ugboro ugboro. Mpụtaghachi nke kacha ọhụrụ bụ na 1970. <ref name="USGSFlood37">{{Cite web|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/wri96-4059/pdf/WRIR96-4059.pdf|title=When the Blue-Green Waters Turn Red: Historical Flooding in Havasu Creek, Arizona|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|date=1996|accessdate=24 September 2014|author=Melis, Phillips, Webb and Bills|pages=37}}</ref> Mooney Falls bụ isi mmiri mmiri nke anọ na ọdụ mmiri ahụ.  Akpọrọ ya aha DW "James" Mooney, onye na-egwuputa ihe, onye na 1882 - dị ka ndị enyi ya si kwuo - igwu ala ebe dị nso na Havasu Falls maka mineral.  Ndị otu ahụ ahụ wee ahụmahụ Mooney Falls.  Otu n'ime ndị enyi ya asị ahụ, ya mere James Mooney ike ịgbakọ ịrịgo n'elu ike ahụ na onye ibe ya kegidere ya n'azụ, ma ike daa n'ahụ ya.  Falls ahụ dị 2.25 miles (3.6 km) site na Supai, iwu akwụkwọ ndị mara .  Ụzọ na ahụ-eduga n'elu ike, ebe e nwere ebe ebe / foto nke na-ele anya 210-foot (64 m) akara ọwa mmiri nke mmiri mmiri ahụ na-adaba.  Iji mma na ala nke ike na ɔdɔ mmiri ya, a anti mgbada dị egwu na nke dị ize ndụ.  Oke akwụkwọ na ezi uche maka ndị agha ndị;  a na-ahụre ya nke ukwuu na e ahụmahụ ya mgbe ihu igwe na/ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ adịghị mma.<gallery widths="230px" heights="200px" perrow="3"> Usòrò:2008-04-06-hav-mooney-1043.jpg|alt=Mooney Falls in the morning|Mooney dara n'ụtụ Usòrò:Navajo_Falls1.jpg|alt=Navajo Falls before the flood|Navajo dara tupu iju mmiri ahụ Usòrò:Havasu_Falls_at_Night.jpg|alt=Havasu Falls at night, before 2008 flash flood|Havasu dara n'iji, tupu 2008 iju mmirika Usòrò:Mooney_Falls,_Arizona,_2006.jpg|Mooney Falls Usòrò:2008-04-05-hav-beaver0890.jpg|Beaver Falls Usòrò:Havasu_Falls_Winter.JPG|alt=Havasu Falls prior to 2008 flash flood|Falls Havasu tupu iju mmiri 2008 Usòrò:Havasu_Creek_Grand_Canyon_2020.jpg|alt=Oblique air photo of the canyon of Havasu Creek flowing into the Colorado River in the foreground|Foto ikuku oblique nke mmiri mmiri nke Havasu Creek na-ahọba na nọrọ Colorado n'ihu </gallery> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.theofficialhavasupaitribe.com/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị nke ebo Havasupai] {{Rivers and streams of Arizona}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] p1z84li8irpymzjs9n23gftl2pz5e71 0 42055 728313 723373 2026-09-26T20:30:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Randal Pinkett|image=Pinkett-headshot-closeup-blue-cropped.jpg|birth_date={{birth year and age|1971}}|birth_place=[[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], U.S.|alma_mater=[[Rutgers–New Brunswick|Rutgers University, New Brunswick]]<br>[[Keble College, Oxford]]<br>{{nowrap|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]}}|spouse=|children=|website=[http://www.randalpinkett.com Official website]}} Randal D. Pinkett ( operaon 1971) bụ onye ịkiri America bụ onye na 2005 bụ onye mmeri nke oge a na-egosi ihe ngosi n'ezie The Apprentice .  Pinkett bụ onye America mbụ n'Afrịka meri n'ụdị US nke The Apprentice . Saịtị na-ajụ na injinia na enyo, Pinkett bụ ma Rhodes Scholar na Walter Byers Scholar, ma nwee ike ịkpọ ise.  Tupu akwụkwọ na ihe ngosi nke eziokwu, Pinkett ụzọbelarị ọrụ na ọkwọ ụgbọala ma bụrụkwa onye nchoputa nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka azụmahịa BCT Partners na 2001. Dị ka onye mmeri nke The Apprentice Season 4 na December 2005, Pinkett nyere ụgbọ ogologo apụ na Trump  Ebe ntụrụndụ na Atlantic City, New Jersey. Mgbe The Apprentice, Pinkett ugborowo na-abụ Oga oche na CEO nke BCT Partners, mgbe ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu ọha na eze na-egosi na mgbe e isi akara nke show, na na CEO Exchange ;  ọ batakwara na ụkwụ ndị. == Ndụ mbido == Akwụkwọ na East Windsor, New Jersey, [1] Pinkett akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Hightstown High School na Hightstown agbata obi.  [2] Ụlọ ịga Mahadum Rutgers na 1989 wee gụchaa summa cum laude na 1994, [3] na BS na injinịa eletrici .  [4] [5] Pinkett bụ onye America mbụ sitere na Rutgers ka ọ bụrụ onye ojiji Rhodes .  [3] Ọ gara na Mahadum Oxford site na 1994 ruo 1996 dị ka onye otu Keble College, ebe ọ ike MSc na-eme kọmputa .  [4] [5] Ọ gara Massachusetts Institute of Technology site na 1996 ruo 1998, ebe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na MS nke abụọ, oge a na injinịa eletiriki, yana MBA site na MIT Sloan School of Management site na ndị ndu maka mmemme mmemme zuru ezu.  ọnụ ọgụgụ.  [4] [5] Ọ gara n'ihu na njikọ ya na MIT, ebe ọ na-eme PhD na nkà mgbasa ozi na mgbagwoju site na MIT Media Laboratory na 2001. [4] Akpọpụtara akwụkwọ ọmụmụ PhD nke Pinkett "Ịmepụta ọrụ Obodo: Ihe  Owuwu Ɔha na Ɔha na Nzuzo dabere na Nkà na ẹzé Obodo na Ndị Ogbe."<ref name="resume">{{Cite web|url=http://www.randalpinkett.com/about/resume.asp|title=Resume of RANDAL D. PINKETT, PhD, MBA|work=randalpinkett.com|accessdate=July 1, 2011|archivedate=August 7, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807163844/http://randalpinkett.com/about/resume.asp}}</ref> == ''Onye nkuzi'' == Na 2005, Pinkett dị afọ 34, yana ndị nche 17 ndị ọzọ, batara na Oge 4 nke The Apprentice .  Nwunye ya budata akwụkwọ anamachọihe ahụ, na-akụnye echiche nke ngosipụta ihe ngosi n'uche ya.  [1] The Apprentice bụ ihe onyonyo n'ezie nke akụkọ na Jenụwarị 2004, nke onye ọchụnta ego America Donald Trump na-eji ọtụtụ ọrụ na usoro mkpochapụ wee họrọ otu onye ga-eso otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ya otu afọ  .  Oge nke anọ na-egosi ịse ihe nkiri na Mee 2005 wee ịgba ịgbasa September 2005;  omume nke ihe omume ahụ ewepụtara na Disemba 8 na 15, 2005. Pinkett rutere n'ikpeazụ ya na onye ọzọ na-achumpi, onye nta ndị pastọ ego dị afọ 23 bụ Rebecca Jarvis .  Pinkett ga-hazi ihe egwuregwu egwuregwu ama ama maka Autism Speaks, ebe ọrụ Jarvis bụ ime emume na-atọ ọchị iji nyere Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation aka.  N'agbanyeghị mmiri mmiri na egwuregwu, Pinkett welitere ihe ahụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ $11,000. <ref name="MSNBC16Dec2005">{{Cite news|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/trump-chooses-randal-4th-apprentice-wbna10488308|title=Trump chooses Randal as 4th 'Apprentice'|work=Today.com|date=2005-12-16|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> Na ikpe ikpeazụ, Trump katọrọ Pinkett maka ịghara Anambra ndị na-eme ego ya na mmemme ya, yana onye ịre Trump Carolyn Kepcher maka akara akara mgbe ihu igwe tụ .  N'agbanyeghị nke a, Trump Johnson Pinkett dị ka onye mmeri, na-ịhụ ya dị ka "onye ndu dị otú" ma na-ekwu, "O siri ike ịhụ onye ndu dị ka gị, ị na-edukwa site na onye mma  ".  [1] Obere oge ka ọkwa ahụ, Trump na-Pinket echiche ya ma Trump kwesịrị iwere oge a na-enwe ụdị ụdị ya wee were Jarvis "pụrụ iche".  Na nzaghachi ya, Pinkett kwuputara na ọ bụ onye otu onye meri n'ahọmpi a, echiche nke Trump ndụ ikwenye na ya.  [1] Ọnọdụ a dọtara nwa mgbe ihe ngosi ngosi ahụ, Pinkett mechara gbachitere ngosi ya, mana o mere ka o doo anya na ọ dịghị ihe ọ lụba megidere Jarvis na ụlọ ọrụ Trump goro ya n'oge ọzọ.  [2] Mmeghachi omume ahụ were Pinkett omume ya n'anya, mana o mechara kwuo na ya na Jarvis ihe na-enwe ike dị mma.  [3] N'ikwu okwu ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e gosiri ihe ahụ merenụ, Pinket gwara onye nta ndị maka New Yorker : "Naanị nkwubi okwu m nwere ike ịbịaru bụ na ya [Trump] achọghị ịhụ onye ojii ka ọ naanị onye mmeri.  nke ihe ngosi ya." <ref name="TheBlackCollegianNewestApprentice">{{Cite news|url=http://www.black-collegian.com/issues/2ndsem06/pinkett2006-2nd.shtml|title=The Newest Apprentice: Dr. Randal Pinkett|work=The Black Collegian|author=Hildee Weiss|date=n.d.|accessdate=2009-12-08|archive-date=2010-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213232059/http://www.black-collegian.com/issues/2ndsem06/pinkett2006-2nd.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>Pinkett hụrụ ọrụ na February 6, 2006. [1] Ọrụ ya bụ ilekọta $110m nrụzi nke Trump Taj Mahal, Trump Plaza Hotel na Casino, na Trump Marina, ụlọ ịgba chaa atọ nke Trump Entertainment Resorts na-arụ na Atlantic City.  , New Jersey . == Ọchịchị == <ref name="politickernj.com">{{Cite web|title=Randal Pinkett|url=http://www.politickernj.com/tags/randal-pinkett|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718174739/http://www.politickernj.com/tags/randal-pinkett|archivedate=2009-07-18|date=2009-07-18|work=politickernj.com}}</ref>Na Julaị 2006, Pinkett jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke otu iwu nke Newark a nchọpụta ọhụrụ, onye isi obodo New Jersey Cory Booker . Na Julaị 14, 2009, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ kọrọ na Pinkett apụtala dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu ịbụ nhọrọ Gọvanọ New Jersey Jon Corzine maka onye isi anya mkpuchi na-emepụta aka Gubernatorial 2009 .  Akụkọ ụfọdụ na a ga-eme ɔkwan na Tọzdee, Julaị 16. [1] [2] [3] tiketi, ọ dịghị ụzọ emere, na nkatọ nwoke na mgbasa ozi na site n'aka ụfọdụ ndị isi ike isi nhọrọ nhọrọ.  Corzine nwere ike ịbụ onye na-agba ọsọ na- nsogbu n'ọkwa nsogbu.  [4] Mgbe e ọdịdị n'ime izu, ndị ndị na-egosi na nhọrọ Pinkett dị obere na ndị ọzọ na-agba ọsọ n'ihu apụtala, [5] n'ihi na ọ na-akpa ala n'ihi nkatọ na eze na eze.  echiche echiche nke onye ụgbọala ndị ọhụrụ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ Gọvanọ.  [6] Na Julaị 24, Corzine ihe Senator steeti Loretta Weinberg.  [7] Na 2009, Pinkett bụ onye isi oche nke State Democratic Committee's Ee anyị Pụrụ 2.0;  aha ya dabere na okwu Barack Obama, ọpụta ịpụta ndị e debanyere aha ọhụrụ na ọhụrụ aka onye isi ala nke 2008 maka ibu aka. == Ndụ onwe onye == Dabere na webụsaịtị ya, Pinkett bụ onye pịa All-American na Rutgers.  Akpọrọ ya aha onye otu 1993 USA TODAY All-USA Academic Team na Pinkett bụ onye otu Cap na Skull akwụkwọ.  Ọ jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke MEET, Rutgers Chapter nke National Society of Black Engineers, ifkwa onye isi ndị otu egwuregwu egwu na ubi Rutgers varsity, na-asaa mpi ma dị ka onye na-agba elu na ogologo jumper.  Na 1993, a hụrụ Pinkett Arthur Ashe Jr. Ọkà ịkpọ egwuregwu site na Diverse: Issues in Higher Education .  [1] Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ 1994 nwoke Walter Byers mmeri dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ kacha elu nke NCAA .  [2] Pinkett bụ onye otu Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. <ref name="apa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.randalpinkett.com/about/affiliations.asp|title=Dr. Randal Pinkett, Affiliations|accessdate=April 30, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012113850/http://www.randalpinkett.com/about/affiliations.asp|archivedate=October 12, 2007}}</ref> Na 2006, Pinkett nyere Paul Robeson Award Leadership Award site na Nchegbu Black Men nke Massachusetts. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Glenn|author=Yoder|title=Top apprentice is Robeson winner|date=April 16, 2006|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/04/16/top_apprentice_is_robeson_winner/|work=[[Boston Globe]]|accessdate=September 28, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173434/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/04/16/top_apprentice_is_robeson_winner/|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * {{Cite book|title=Campus CEO: The Student Entrepreneur's Guide to Launching a Multimillion-Dollar Business|url=https://archive.org/details/campusceothestud0000rand|author=Pinkett|first=Randal|publisher=Kaplan Business|isbn=9780739486566|date=2007}} . * {{Cite book|title=No-Money Down CEO: How to Start Your Dream Business with Little or No Cash|author=Pinkett|first=Randal|publisher=Trump University|isbn=978-0979059483|date=2008}} * {{Cite book|title=Black Faces in White Places: 10 Game-Changing Strategies to Achieve Success and Find Greatness|url=https://archive.org/details/blackfacesinwhit00rand|author=Pinkett|first=Randal|publisher=AMACOM Books|isbn=9780814416815|date=2010}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [http://www.bctpartners.com/ bctpartners.com] BCT Partners. * Randal Pinkett at IMDb * {{Cite web|url=http://www.theapprenticerules.com/biographies/profile-randall-pinkett.html|work=The Apprentice Rules|title=Profile: Randal Pinkett|accessdate=2007-01-29|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222902/http://www.theapprenticerules.com/biographies/profile-randall-pinkett.html}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] tchv1i7tz6vh96r7bnkbuhr9oarwqi7 0 42193 728188 160307 2026-09-26T12:03:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Nri na-ezighị ezi''' nke a na-akpọkwa eji eme ihe n'ụzọ '''na-ezighị ezi''' bụ oriri nke na-eweta nsonaazụ ọjọọ karịa uru - ma ọ bụ nke na-eweta mmerụ karịa uru. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-akpọkarị dị ka emezighị emezi gụnyere mmanya, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-20|title=Alcohol misuse|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-misuse/|accessdate=2021-07-05|work=nhs.uk|language=en}}</ref> sịga, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kennedy|first=Madeline|date=2014-12-19|title=Cigarette smoking costs weigh heavily on the healthcare system|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-healthcare-costs-smoking-idUSKBN0JX2BE20141219|accessdate=2021-07-05}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Misconsumption – The Right Way to Flourish|url=https://www.johnehrenfeld.com/misconsumption/|accessdate=2021-07-05|language=en-US}}</ref> na nri kalori dị elu. <ref name=":0" /> == Ahụike == Iri ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi nwere ike imebi ahụike mmadụ, site n'ịba ụba nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala dị ka ọrịa shuga, ọrịa kansa, na ọrịa obi. Ọrịa ndị a ruru ihe ruru 85 % nke ụgwọ nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-12|title=Chronic Diseases in America {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/chronic-diseases.htm|accessdate=2021-07-05|work=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> Ndị buru oke ibu, ma ọ bụ ndị buru ibu na-enwekarị nsogbu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Boston|first=677 Huntington Avenue|date=2012-10-21|title=Economic Costs|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-consequences/economic/|accessdate=2021-07-05|work=Obesity Prevention Source|language=en-us}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrịa kansa na-abawanye, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmanya na-aba n'anya gụnyere ihe mberede okporo ụzọ, ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na mmepụta ihe efu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chen|first=Simiao|date=2019-09-01|title=The global macroeconomic burden of road injuries: estimates and projections for 166 countries|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health|language=English|volume=3|issue=9|pages=e390–e398|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30170-6|issn=2542-5196|pmid=31538624}}</ref> == gburugburu == === Ịkụ azụ̀ karịrị akarị === [[Usòrò:Surexploitation_morue_surpêcheEn.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|342x342px]] Iri azụ̀ dị n'oké osimiri na ihe oriri dị n'oké osimiri nwere ike ịkpali [[Ikụbiga azu oke|ịkụ azụ̀ karịrị akarị]] na omume ịkụ azụ ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma na-emebi gburugburu mmiri ma na-agwụcha azụ azụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-07|title=The Ocean's Silent Killer: Breaking Down Overfishing|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2021/06/oceans-silent-killer-breaking-overfishing/|accessdate=2021-07-05|work=Inter Press Service}}</ref> === Njem === Iji ụgbọ ala emebiga ihe ókè, na njem ezi uche dị na ya site n'ikuku na ụgbọ mmiri na-ebute mmetọ ikuku, nke na-emerụ ahụ ike mmadụ ma na-enye aka na [[Okpomọkụ gburugburu ụwa|mgbanwe ihu igwe]] . == Iwu == European Union mere atụmatụ na amụma ọrụ ugbo ya na-emekarị butere mfu ọnwụ 13% dịka nke 2008. Nke a sitere na oke nke akụrụngwa na-ebufe uru sitere n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa ka ha na-emepụta, mana na-ebelata uru niile. <ref>{{Cite web|author=OECD|date=2011|title=Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union|url=https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/evaluation-of-agricultural-policy-reforms-in-the-european-union_9789264112124-en#page110|accessdate=2021-07-15|work=oecd-ilibrary.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715202613/https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/evaluation-of-agricultural-policy-reforms-in-the-european-union_9789264112124-en#page110|archive-date=2021-07-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Christmas_Party_Cupcake_Spread_(3144587205).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ihe ekeresimesi a na-ahụkarị na-adịkarị ọnụ ma na-akọwapụta ihe karịa ihe ndị a na-emekarị.]] == Azịza ya == Azịza ya iji zere ụgwọ gụnyere: * Mmachibido (dịka maka ọgwụ ọjọọ ma ọ bụ mmanya) * Mgbochi (dị ka Nutriscore ) * Na-akụda iji ma ọ bụ na-agba ume ọzọ (ngwaahịa dị mma) * Iwu * Oge ọpụpụ. (dị ka ụgbọ ala ochie na-emezughị ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=European Union Phase out V for vehicules|journal=}}</ref> * Ụtụ isi na ụgwọ (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ "ụtụ isi mmehie") * Na-akwado ma ọ bụ na-agba ume nchekwa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Residents urged to reduce water use|url=https://goldcountrymedia.com/news/190070/residents-urged-to-reduce-water-use/|accessdate=2021-07-05|work=goldcountrymedia.com|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mmachibido iwu == Edensibia == <references /> dat52tdh3ganui4ellhcgkkbjresm5k 0 42270 728250 723139 2026-09-26T16:07:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Onye na-azụ ahịa alfa''' bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ijikọ ya na echiche dị n'azụ ngwaahịa, wee nabata ngwaahịa ahụ, ma mesịa kwado ya maka ọha mmadụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ihe banyere akụ na ụba Michael Wolf chepụtara okwu ahụ na 1999 wee bipụta ya n'akwụkwọ ya bụ ''The Entertainment Economy'' . Ihe atụ Michael Wolf nyere na ''The Entertainment Economy'' bụ:<blockquote>Ndị mmadụ ole na ole mbụ ga-ahụ ihe nkiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-esote, mmadụ ole na ole mbụ nwere ekwentị mkpanaaka, mmadụ ole na ole mbụ ga-eyi pastels ọhụrụ na ihe na-egbuke egbuke-ha niile na-enweta nkwalite ọkwa site na ịmara, ịbụ ndị ọzọ na-eso. M na-akpọ ndị a trendsetters 'alfa ahịa'. Nke ha bụ isi ọrụ nke ijikọ na echiche dị n'azụ ngwaahịa, wee nabata ngwaahịa ahụ, wee kwado ya maka ọha mmadụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọkụkụ dị ka mgbawa, alfa nọ na etiti etiti. Ha na-enwe mmetụta nke mbụ ịma jijiji nke mgbawa ma bufee ha na omenala ndị ọzọ. Alfa abụghị otu maka ngwaahịa ọ bụla. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-enugharị na ihe nkiri na-emetụ n'ahụ ''The Bridges of Madison County'' so ụmụ ha nwanyị gaa ''Titanic'' . Ndị na-egwu egwu kọleji bụ ndị chọpụtara Hootie & Blowfish dị iche na ndị na-ege VH1 mere ka ha bụrụ ihe ngosi mba. Ndị mbụ zụtara Jeep dị nnọọ anya site na ndị nne bọọlụ na-eme njem ugbu a na Suburbans ha nwere oche itoolu.</blockquote> == Hụkwa == * Onye nkuchi mbụ == Edensibia == * {{Cite book|author=Wolf|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Wolf (economist)|title=The Entertainment Economy|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812930429|location=New York|publisher=Random House|year=1999|isbn=0-9674506-5-9}} * {{Cite web|url=http://neologisms.rice.edu/index.php?a=term&d=1&t=3590|title=Alpha consumer|work=The Rice University Neologisms Database|publisher=[[Rice University]]|date=June 10, 2008|accessdate=2012-11-16|archivedate=2012-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220135315/http://neologisms.rice.edu/index.php?a=term&d=1&t=3590}} * {{Cite news|author=Lowry|first=Tom|title=Can MTV Stay Cool?|work=Business Week|url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_08/b3972001.htm|date=February 19, 2006|accessdate=2012-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626130023/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_08/b3972001.htm|archive-date=2012-06-26|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news|author=Grossman|first=Lev|authorlink=Lev Grossman|title=What's Next?: The Quest For Cool|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=August 31, 2003|url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101030908/xopener.html|accessdate=2012-11-16|archive-date=2010-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617054735/http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101030908/xopener.html|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|title=Early-Adopter Fans Kill ‘Studio 60’! (Maybe.)|work=Daily Intel|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2006/10/earlyadopter_fans_kill_studio_1.html|publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|date=October 10, 2006|accessdate=2012-11-16}} * {{Cite web|title=Studio 60 Takes a Crack at Alpha Consumers|url=http://viaspire.blogs.com/weblog/2006/10/studio_60_takes.html|date=October 10, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314082549/http://viaspire.blogs.com/weblog/2006/10/studio_60_takes.html|archivedate=March 14, 2012|accessdate=2012-11-16}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.usnews.com/blogs/alpha-consumer/index.html Kọlụm "Alfa Consumer"], Kimberly Palmer, ''Akụkọ US'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190614225232/http://michaelwolf.com/ Michael J. Wolf blog] c7omeer55yiymuxqtwsuenco747ztlb 0 43014 728213 182704 2026-09-26T13:35:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728213 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref name="ol">{{Cite news|author=Eastman|first=Janet|date=11 November 2014|title=Tiny houses for the homeless thrive in Eugene: Would this work in Portland, other cities?|language=en|work=OregonLive|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/hg/2014/11/tiny_houses_for_homeless.html|accessdate=26 March 2023}}</ref>Obodo Ohere bụ obodo a haziri hazi na-eche ebe obibi na Eugene, Oregon .  Ndị otu akaụntụ na-akwado bụ Opportunity Village Eugene (OVE) na-akwado ya == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == <ref name="ethos">{{Cite web|author=Stuart|first=Marin|date=29 July 2019|title=Eight Years Later: Occupy Eugene's Influence|url=https://www.dailyemerald.com/ethos/eight-years-later-occupy-eugenes-influence/article_326e8ebc-ada8-11e9-83f8-67cfa01b50d6.html|work=Daily Emerald|publisher=Ethos Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2023|language=en|archivedate=12 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312184910/https://www.dailyemerald.com/ethos/eight-years-later-occupy-eugenes-influence/article_326e8ebc-ada8-11e9-83f8-67cfa01b50d6.html}}</ref>Obodo ndi n'ihi ihe nke Occupy na Eugene.  Mgbe a gbasasịrị ebe ndị Occupy, onye isi obodo Kitty Piercy kpọchiri ndị ọrụ iji dozie ụlọ dị n'obodo ahụ. N'afọ 2013, ụlọ ọrụ na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ bụ Opportunity Village Eugene (OVE) tọrọ ntọala na ebumnuche nke ilebara okwu nke ụlọ dị ọnụ ala. N'August ahụ, Kansụl Obodo Eugene kpebiri inye OVE ala ma kwado ka e wuo obodo. <ref name="uc">{{Cite web|author=Faught|first=Andrew|title=A heart for the homeless fuels UC DAAP grad's efforts to build a tiny village in Eugene, Oregon.|url=https://magazine.uc.edu/issues/0915/tiny_dreams.html|work=UC Magazine|publisher=University of Cincinnati|accessdate=26 March 2023}}</ref> Obodo Ohere mepere na Mee 2014.[1]  Ejiri $100,000 kwụọ ya n'onyinye nke onwe, e nyekwara ọrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ onyinye.[2]  E ji $3,300 rụọ nke ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ 30 ahụ.[3]  Ebe obibi nwere obere bungalow na ụlọ Conestoga. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Opportunity Village|url=https://www.eugene-or.gov/3705/Opportunity-Village|work=www.eugene-or.gov|accessdate=26 March 2023}}</ref> == Nhazi == Obodo a dị n'obere oghere nke obodo nwere. <ref name="jpr">{{Cite news|author=McDonald|first=Rachael|title=Eugene's Tiny House Experiment Expands To Emerald Village|url=https://www.ijpr.org/2018-02-07/eugenes-tiny-house-experiment-expands-to-emerald-village|accessdate=26 March 2023|work=Jefferson Public Radio|date=7 February 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ọ nwere ikike maka ndị bi na 30 na ndị bi na-ekekọrịta ọrụ nlekọta na nhicha. <ref>{{Cite news|title=A peek inside Eugene's 'Opportunity Village' offers insight into plan for Bend|date=14 October 2021|url=https://centraloregondaily.com/%E2%96%B6%EF%B8%8F-a-peek-inside-eugenes-opportunity-village-offers-insight-into-plan-for-bend/|accessdate=26 March 2023|work=Central Oregon Daily|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312184924/https://centraloregondaily.com/%e2%96%b6%ef%b8%8f-a-peek-inside-eugenes-opportunity-village-offers-insight-into-plan-for-bend/|archive-date=12 March 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="ethos"/> Enweghị oke oge maka ogologo oge ndị bi na ya ga-anọ n'ime obodo, mana a na-atụ anya na ha ga-aga n'ụlọ obibi na-adịgide adịgide. <ref name="uc"/> Ihe owuwu nke ọ bụla bụ 80 square ụkwụ n'ogo. Ejikọghị ụlọ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ pọmpụ, ndị bi na ya na-ekerịta nri ọnụ, mgbakọ, na ebe ịdị ọcha. <ref name="ol"/> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Heben|first=Andrew|title=Tent City Urbanism: From Self-organized Camps to Tiny House Villages|date=2014|publisher=Village Collaborative|isbn=978-0-692-24805-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFX-oAEACAAJ|accessdate=26 March 2023|language=en}} [[Òtù:Aha]] cu94nm67pjxxr0z5zv052hre665c3ov 0 43219 728222 177916 2026-09-26T14:16:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Lockefield Garden Apartments buildings 18 and 16.jpg|thumb|Lockefield Garden Apartments buildings 18 and 16.]] Ogige Lockefield bụ ụlọ mbụ mbụ na Indianapolis .  Ewubere ya n'ime afọ 1935 ruo 1938, e wuru ya naanị maka ndị America America na-enweta obere ego na Indianapolis.  E mechiri ahụ ahụ na 1976, ma kwatuo ọtụtụ ihe owuwu na anụ 1980.  ụlọ ụlọ mbụ bụ ndị ahụ dị n'ụdị Blake Street. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:Lockefield_Gardens_-_central_mall_looking_northwest,_1983.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|250x250px| Nnukwu nnukwu ụlọ ahịa na-ele anya na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, nke nwere ụlọ nwere ụlọ]] <ref>Bodenhamer, David. </ref>N'ihi na Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal, Public Works Administration ọrụ ọrụ ụlọ dị ọnụ ala iri ise na steeti iri abụọ n'ebe bụbu ebe mkpọda ụlọ .  Indianapolis ka a mmadụ ka ọ nwee otu n'ime nrụzigharị ndị a;  ọ ga-abụ nnukwu ụlọ mbụ n'ime isi obodo Indiana.  Ala a nwere ebe obibi 363 na mbụ, nke naanị otu n'ime ha ka a ọpụpụ dị ka "ebe obibi".  Ihe ngwa ngwa ọzọ nke ọrụ ahụ bụ inye ọrụ ihe owuwu nwa oge na mpaghara ahụ, 9,000 n'ozuzu ya.  Emere nke a n'agbanyeghị nke ihe ndị omebe iwu Indiana, n'ihi na ha na-atụ egwu na ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe ga- ahụ site na ọrụ etiti dịka nke a. <ref name="indianahistory.org">{{Cite web|title=Lockefield Garden Apartments (Indianapolis, Ind.) Records, 1935-1954, Collection Guide|publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]]|date=2002-11-14|url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/lockefield-garden-apartments-indianapolis-ind.pdf|accessdate=2012-11-02|archivedate=2012-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915052146/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/lockefield-garden-apartments-indianapolis-ind.pdf}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Lockefield_Gardens_-_site_plan.png|thumb| Atụmatụ saịtị, tupu e bibie akụkụ ụfọdụ na 1983.]] <ref name="indianahistory.org"/> <ref name="Bodenhamer 927">Bodenhamer, p. 927.</ref> E mefuru nde dollar atọ na ọrụ Lockefield Gardens, nke mepere na February 1938. Twenty-two acres (8.9 ha) n'ụdị Indiana Avenue ka fotora dị ka saịtị nke ụlọ 748 dị iche iche.  Dabere na prototypes ndị Europe, ụlọ ọrụ Russ na Harrison rụpụtara ha ma ụlọ ọrụ NP Severin nke Chicago wuru ya.  Egwuregwu iri abụọ na anọ nke mebere akụkụ ahụ dị okpukpu abụọ ruo a anọ.  Ụdị "Corner", "strip", na "tee" nke Ndị Ozi Ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ndị ọzọ ejiri mee ihe ebe a.  Otu n'ime ihe eji eme ndụ aka nke ụlọ a nnukwu nnukwu ụlọ, ebe egwuregwu apụ (nwere mpaghara egwuregwu na atɔ), ụlọ akwụkwọ (William D. McCoy Public School #24), na obere ebe akara.  Ọ nwere ike ikuku ikuku, nnukwu ìhè sitere n'okike, na echiche dị mma mpaghara ahụ.  nkọwa sitere na $20.80 ruo $30.10 kwa ọnwa.  A ụmụ Lionel Artis dị ka onye njikwa ụlọ mbụ, ọnọdụ ọ Tamil ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na 1969, ihe ụmụaka awụ iri atọ.  Mgbe e wuchara ya, a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ọrụ ụlọ obibi New Deal kacha mma.  Ebe sara mbara, nke mepere emepe nke Lockefield Gardens bụ ihe na-adịghị mma;  Ụlọ ụlọ New Deal ndị ọzọ kpakọrọ ọnụ.<ref name="SHAARD">{{Cite web|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/welcome.html|title=Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database (SHAARD)|publisher=Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology|format=Searchable database|accessdate=2016-08-01}}</ref> <ref name="indianahistory.org"/>Mgbe mbụ ya na mbụ, Lockefield Gardens kewapuru ụdị, mana ọ na-enye ndị America mbụ ihe ha na-enwekarị: ebe obibi nke obodo.  Ogige Lockefield oghere oghere nke obodo ojii dị otú ahụ na igwu egwuregwu nke ogbe ndịda Indianapolis.  N'afọ ndị 1950, ka ejiji na-akawanye mma, ndị Africa-America mgbaàmà adiga n'ebe ndị Caucasians bi na ya.  N'ihi mmachi ego na ndị Afrịka America nwere ike ụfọdụ, Lockefield Gardens belata ibelata.  Atụmanya nrụghari na 1970s nwere olile anya ime ka mpaghara ahụ dịghachi ndụ, mana ọkàikpe etiti S. Hugh Dillin na ọ ga-eduga n'ịnọgide na-ekewapụ na ọkwa njikọ na ebe obibi.  N’ihi ya, e mechiri ụlọ ndị ahụ n’afọ 1976. <ref name="Bodenhamer 927">Bodenhamer, p. 927.</ref> <ref name="Bodenhamer 927">Bodenhamer, p. 927.</ref>Na 1980, e kere na, na mgbakwunye na mkpa ụlọ ndị na-eme egwuregwu si Pan Am Games a na-akwado na Indianapolis, ụgwọ nke Lockefield Gardens ga-eji maka mgbasawanye nke Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Kampos  nke Mahadum Indiana na Mahadum Purdue .  N'afọ 1983, mgbe ịma mma, ọ bụ naanị onye isii n'ụdị Blake Street, n'ime ụlọ iri abụọ na mbụ mbụ, n'agbanyeghị sitere n'aka ndị nchekwa Indianapolis.  E debere ihe owuwu ndị ahụ na Ndebanye aha Mba nke Ebe Akụkọ ihe mere eme .  E wuru ụlọ ọhụrụ iri na otu, ma rụzi ụlọ ụlọ ndị mbụ ahụ.  Ngụkọta ọnụ ụlọ ọhụrụ nke ahụ bụ 493, 199 n'ime ihe owuwu mbụ .akwụkwọ a na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka ụlọ ụlọ na akwụkwọ mahadum IUPUI, n'agbanyeghị na a na-akpọkwa ndị 'n'obodo mepere emepe ka ha birikwa ebe ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lockefield Gardens - Apartments in Indianapolis, IN|url=https://www.lockefieldgardensapts.com/?cid=1376|accessdate=2021-02-15|work=www.lockefieldgardensapts.com}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta mpaghara Indianapolis * Ndepụta agbataobi ndị Africa-America == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.in0282 Foto na data nyocha ụlọ ndị America mere eme] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210214115036/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/indianapolis/index.htm Indianapolis, National Park Service ''Chọpụta njem njem nketa ekekọrịtara anyị''] {{Historic Places in Indianapolis}} [[Òtù:Aha]] htiqcmqwx9uo2hmbxuizry62j88rhpr 0 43422 728219 723019 2026-09-26T13:58:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728219 wikitext text/x-wiki    Egbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ (American English), igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ (Commonwealth English), ma ọ bụghị igbu ihere bụ ụdị igbu ọhụrụ nke ndị ezinụlọ ha gburu mmadụ ma ọ bụla n’aka ha, n’ihi nke enwe omenala kwadoro na ogbugbu mmadụ dị otú ahụ bụ. Ogbugbu nsọpụrụ na-ejikọtakarị na Okpụkpere chi, agbụrụ, ụdị ndị ọzọ nke nhazi ọkwa ọha, ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ na-agụnye igbu ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụrụ nwa agbọghọ site n'aka ndị ezinụlọ nwoke, n'ihi nkwenye nke ndị omempụ ahụ na onye ahụ e meruru ahụ eweta so ihere ma ọ bụ ihere n'aha ezinụlọ, aha ma ọ bụ ugwu. Ekwe yere na ogbugbu mmadụ sitere na omenala agbụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbakọ mba ụwa na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ katọrọ, obodo dị iche iche na-akwadokarị ma na-akwado igbu mmadụ n'ihi nsọpụrụ. N'ọnọdụ ebe onye e merụrụ ahụ bụ onye mba ọzọ, ọ bụghị igbu onye a ga-eme ka a na-ebo ndị òtù ezinụlọ ebubo na ha nwere ụjọ, omume rụrụ arụ, ma mesịa bụrụ ndị a na-akparị n'àgwà n'obodo ha. N'ọnọdụ mgbe onye a tara ahụhụ bụ onye ezinaụlọ, ogbugbu ahụ na-esite n'echiche ndị na-eme mpụ ahụ na onye ahụ e gburu egbu ebutela ezinụlọ dum ihere ma ọ bụ ihere, nke nwere ike iduga nchụpụ ọha na eze, site n'imebi ụkpụrụ omume nke obodo. Ihe kpatara ya gụnyere ịnọ na mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ inwe mmekọrịta n'etiti ọha na eze na-abụghị ezinaụlọ nke nwere ike iduga nchụpụ ọha na eze nke ezinụlọ (nsogbu-site-mmekọrịta). Ihe atụ bụ inwe mmekọahụ tupu alụmdi na nwunye, n’alụghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye ma ọ bụ mgbe alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị (ọ bụrụ na a gbara alụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ), ịjụ ịbanye n’alụmdi na nwunye ahaziri ahazi, ịchọ ịgba alụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ nkewa, iso ndị si n’ebe dị iche iche na-enwe mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ mmekọ, ịbụ onye ihe metụtara. mpụ mmekọahụ, iyi uwe, ihe ịchọ mma, na ihe ndị e ji ejikọta mmekọahụ na mmekọahụ, itinye aka ná mmekọrịta n'agbanyeghị ihe mgbochi alụmdi na nwunye ma ọ bụ mmachibido iwu, na nwoke idina nwoke. Ọ bụ ezie na ma ndị ikom ma ndị inyom na-eme ma bụrụ ndị a na-egbu egbu, n'ọtụtụ obodo, ịgbaso ụkpụrụ omume ọma na-egosi omume dị iche iche maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere ụkpụrụ siri ike maka ịdị ọcha maka ụmụ nwanyị. N'ọtụtụ ezinụlọ, ndị ikom na-eji ebumnuche nsọpụrụ eme ihe dị ka ihe ngọpụ iji gbochie ikike ụmụ nwanyị. A na-eme igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ n'obodo na ebumnuche ịta ahụhụ maka mmebi iwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, mmekọahụ, okpukpe ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ usoro ndị isi. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ndị òtù ezinụlọ na-eme igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ megide onye ikwu nwanyị a na-ewere na ọ mebiri ezinụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml|title=BBC - Ethics - Honour crimes}}</ref> A na-ejikọta igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ na Greater Middle East na mpaghara India, mana ha gbanye kwara mkpọrọ gwụ na ọdịbe dị ndị ọzọ, dị ka Philippines, Northern Caucasus na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mediterenian Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-24170866|title=India 'honour killings': Paying the price for falling in love|work=BBC News|date=20 September 2013}}</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131208172508/http://hbv-awareness.com/regions/</ref>Ha dịkwa n'ógbè ndị si mba ọzọ kwabata na mba ndị na-enweghị ụkpụrụ ọha na eze nke na-agba ume igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-31|title='Honour-based' offences soared by 81% in last five years|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/oct/31/honour-based-offences-soared-by-81-in-last-five-years|accessdate=2022-04-11|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/80127645.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=23 May 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603075652/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/80127645.pdf}} </ref><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131208172508/http://hbv-awareness.com/regions/</ref> A na-ejikọkarị igbu ọchụ na ime obodo na mpaghara agbụrụ, mana ha na-emekwa n'obodo ukwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1303729|title='Honour killings increasing in urban areas'|date=22 December 2016|accessdate=23 May 2021|archivedate=23 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523020152/https://www.dawn.com/news/1303729}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/urban-honour-killings-backlash-against-change/articleshow/48638618.cms|title=Urban honour killings: Backlash against change - Times of India|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 August 2015|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref> == Nkọwa == <blockquote>Mpụ nkwanye ùgwù bụ omume ime ihe ike, nke na-abụkarị igbu ọchụ, nke ndị òtù ezinụlọ nwoke na-eme megide ndị òtù ezinụlọ nwanyị bụ ndị a na-eche na ha wetaara ezinụlọ ahụ ihere. Ezinụlọ ya nwere ike ịlụso nwanyị ọgụ n'ihi ihe dịgasị iche iche gụnyere, ịjụ ịbanye n'alụmdi na nwunye a haziri ahazi, ịbụ onye a wakporo, ịchọ ịgba alụkwaghịm - ọbụlagodi site n'aka di na-emegbu - ma ọ bụ ịkwa iko. Nanị nghọta na nwanyị emeela ihe n'ụzọ iji weta "ihe ihere" n'ezinụlọ ahụ zuru ezu iji mee ka mwakpo.<ref name="HRW">{{Cite web|title=Violence Against Women and "Honor" Crimes|url=https://www.hrw.org/press/2001/04/un_oral12_0405.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041028023841/https://www.hrw.org/press/2001/04/un_oral12_0405.htm|archivedate=28 October 2004|accessdate=6 April 2001|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref></blockquote>Ụmụ nwoke nwekwara ike ịbụ ndị a na-egbu egbu, ma ọ bụ ndị ezinụlọ nke nwanyị a na-eche na ha na ha nwere mmekọrịta na-ekwe dịghị ekwesị; ma ọ bụ site n'aka ndị ezinụlọ ha, nke ikpeazụ na-eji kọ karị na ndị na ụdị onwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-39485348|title=Male 'honour' cases 'underreported'|author=Razzall|first=Katie|date=11 April 2017|accessdate=28 January 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji mara ya == Ọtụtụ ndị otu ezinụlọ na-eme atụmatụ igbu ọchụ n'ụzọ nsọpụrụ, mgbe ụfọdụ site na " kansụl ezinụlọ". A na-eji egwu igbu ọchụ eme ihe dị ka ụzọ isi chịkwaa omume, ọkachasị gbasara mmekọahụ na alụmdi na nwunye, nke a nwere ike ile anya dị ka ọrụ maka ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ndị ezinụlọ niile ikwado. Ndị òtù ezinụlọ nwere ike iche na a mbanyere ha ime ihe iji chekwaa aha ezinụlọ ahụ n'ime obodo ma zere ihere ma ọ bụ izere izere, ọkachasị hasị n'ime ogbè ndị dị n'otu.<ref name="hbv-awareness.com" />{{Cite web|url=http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/hk-ch/p1.html|title=Introduction – Preliminary Examination of so-called Honour Killings in Canada|publisher=Justice.gc.ca|date=24 September 2013|accessdate=15 February 2015|archivedate=15 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215204942/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/hk-ch/p1.html}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ siri ike inweta, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi na akọwa pụtara " nsọpụrụ" n'ụzọ na-ezi ghi ezi ma ọ bụ akọwapụtara ya n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ karịa na Nkeji edemede 12 nke UDHR (nke e hotara n'elu) na-enweghị nkọwa doro anya. N'ihi ya, ọ na-esiri ya ike inye ụkpụrụ maka ikpebiri n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma ikpe a nyere bụ ihe atụ nke igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ. N'ihi enweghị nkọwa doro anya nke "nsọpụrụ" na ụkpụrụ kwekọrọ ekwekọ, a na-ekwukarị na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị karịa ụmụ nwoke bụ ndị a na-egbu egbu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na'egbu egbu na-enwekarị ụmụ nwanyị naanị.<ref>Malik, I.H. (2005). Culture and Customs of Pakistan. Greenwood Press, Westport; Çakır, R., Yavuz, M. F., and Demircan, T. (2004). Türkiye'de, Namus Saikiyle İşlenen Adam Öldürme Suçlarının Değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of Honor Related Homicides in Turkey] Adli Tıp Dergisi [Journal of Forensic Medicine], 18(3-4):27–33. Öztürk, M.and Demirdağ, M.A. (2013). Namusunu Kanla Temizleyenler: Mardin Cezaevi'nde Namus Davası Nedeniyle Yatan Mahkûmlar Üzerine bir Araştırma [The Ones Who Restored Their Honour With Blood: A Sociological Research On Prisoners Convicted for Honour Related Issues in the Mardin Jailhouse]. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları, 7(30):117–135. See also Ermers, R., 2018. Honor Related Violence. A New Social Psychological Perspective, Routledge, p. 196-197.</ref> Ogbugbu nsọpụrụ na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa, mana a na-akpọ karị ya na Middle East, South Asia na North Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/the-horror-of-honor-killings-even-in-us/|title=The Horror of 'Honor Killings', Even in US|date=10 April 2012|accessdate=5 May 2020|archivedate=27 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627140540/https://www.amnestyusa.org/the-horror-of-honor-killings-even-in-us/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/06/09/honor-killings-united-nations-pakistan/85642786/|title='Honor killings': 5 things to know|accessdate=28 September 2021|archivedate=22 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222223802/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/06/09/honor-killings-united-nations-pakistan/85642786/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/tag/honor-killings/|title=Honor killings – UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog|accessdate=28 September 2021|archivedate=28 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928183034/https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/tag/honor-killings/}}</ref>N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị na Southern Europe, na "enwetakarị omume nke igbu ọchị kwu ' nsọpụrụ' n'ime ncheta dị ndụ n'ime mba Mediterenian dị ka Ịtali na Gris," na "Is Ọkpụrụkpụ n'ụwa Mediterranean bụ ụkpụrụ omume, ụzọ ndụ na ụkpụrụ nke usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nke na-akọwa ndụ, omenala na ụkpụrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na Mediterranean. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hbv-awareness.com/regions/|title=Honour Killings By Region|accessdate=16 July 2013|archivedate=8 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208172508/http://hbv-awareness.com/regions/}}</ref><ref name="medinstgenderstudies.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.medinstgenderstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/hrvresourcebook.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=11 October 2014|archivedate=18 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018085919/http://www.medinstgenderstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/hrvresourcebook.pdf}}</ref> Na Corsica, e nwere omenala siri ike nke inọ ọbọdọ, nke chọrọ ka ndị Corsican gbuo onye ọ bụla mebiri nsọpụrụ ezinụlọ ha. N'agbata afọ 1821 na 1852 e gburu ihe dị ka mmadụ 4,300 na Corsica. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/20/corsica-intrigue-crime-politics|title=On Corsica, the intrigue of crime and politics claims another life|work=The Guardian|date=20 October 2012|author=Willsher|first=Kim}}</ref> Esemokwu ezinụlọ nke na-akpata igbu ọchụ na-aga n'ihu na-ewere ọnọdụ na Sardinia na narị afọ nke 21.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ten-killed-in-two-decade-family-feud-t7dspmtc5|title=Ten killed in two-decade family feud|date=14 September 2023|author=Rome|first=Tom Kington}}</ref> Ogbugbu nsọpụrụ abụọ ihe zuru ebe niile na mba Mediterenian nke Southern Europe ruo n'oge na-adịghi anya, n'ebe ndị dị Ala Iberian Peninsula, [[France]], Italy na Greece. N'Omenala ndị France, a na-eme ka akụkọ banyere igbu ọchụ dị otú ahụ bụrụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ ma gosi pụta ya n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè n'Akwụkwọ French nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, na "N'akwụkwọ dịka na ndụ, ọ dị mkpa ka a taa ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ndị omenala ahụhụ nke ukwuu ka àgwà nnụnụ isi ha ghara ikpebiri ali omume nnupụụisi ọzọ".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11623654/|pmid=11623654|year=1999|author=Lieberman|first=L.|title=Crimes of reason, crimes of passion: Suicide and the adulterous woman in nineteenth-century France|journal=Journal of Family History|volume=24|issue=2|pages=131–147|doi=10.1177/036319909902400201}}</ref>France nwekwara ọdịbendị siri ike nke ịlụ ọgụ iji kwado nsọpụrụ, National Geographic kpọrọ France "isi obodo ịlụ ọgụ nke Europe". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/why-france-dueling-capital-europe|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320151004/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/why-france-dueling-capital-europe|archivedate=20 March 2021|title=Why France was the dueling capital of Europe|work=[[National Geographic Society]]|date=19 August 2020}}</ref> Nsọpụrụ bụ isiokwu a na-ahụkarị n'Akwụkwọ Spanish oge ochie, ebe ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọdịbendị Spanish ọdịnala; otu n'ime akwụkwọ edemede Spanish a ma ama na-ekwu maka echiche nke nsọpụrụ bụ El médico de su honra nke Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi The Point of Honour nke onye edemede Bekee bụ W. Somerset Maugham na-ezo aka na El médico de su honra ma na-atụle ọrụ nsọpụrụ na ọha mmadụ Spanish na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19. Echiche nke nsọpụrụ ka ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịbendị Mediterenian mụrụ nke ọma, ebe ịdị ọcha nke ụmụ nwanyị rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọdịbendị ndị ahụ nke nsọpụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199766581/obo-9780199766581-0188.xml|title=Honor in Latin America, to 1900}}</ref> == Usoro == Ụzọ igbu ọchụ gụnyere ịtụ nkume, ịma mma, iti ihe, ịgba ọkụ, igbu pụrụ isi, ịkwụ gburugburu, igbu ọchukwu, Mwakpo acid na-egbu egbu, ịgba égbè, na nkụ.<ref name="genevadeclaration.org" />Mgbe ụfọdụ, obodo na-egbu mmadụ n'ihu ọha iji dọọ ndị ọzọ nọ n'obodo aka ná ntị banyere ihe nwere ike izụta na itinye aka n'ihe a na-ahụ dị ka omume iwu na-akwado ghi.[1]<ref name="genevadeclaration.org" /> == Ojiji nke ụmụaka dị ka ndị na-eme ya == Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị ezinụlọ na-ahọrọ ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke ka ha rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị ogbugbu, ka onye ogbugbu wee nwee ike irite uru site na ndi na-ahụ iwu kachasị mma. A na-arịọkarị ụmụ nwoke na mgbe ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ezinụlọ ka ha nyochaa ma nyochaa omume nke ụmụnne ha nwanyị ma ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ nọ n'ime ezinụlọ, iji hụ na ụmụ nwanyị anaghị eme ihe ọ bụla iji mebie 'nkwanye ùgwù' na 'aha' nke ezinụlọ ahụ. A na-arịọkarị ụmụ okorobịa ka ha gbuo ya, ma ọ bụrụ na ha ajụ, ha nwere ike inyere agide mmetụta siri ike site n'ezinụlọ na obodo maka ịgighara ụ ọrụ ha. <ref name="genevadeclaration.org" /><ref name="humanrights.ch">{{Cite web|title=Honour Related Violence|url=http://www.humanrights.ch/upload/pdf/070419_Kvinnoforum_HRV.pdf|work=Humanrights.ch|publisher=Kvinnoforum|accessdate=20 May 2018|year=2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024614/http://www.humanrights.ch/upload/pdf/070419_Kvinnoforum_HRV.pdf|archivedate=5 March 2016}}</ref> == Omenala ==   Ihe ọmenala ndị na-eduga n'ihu hapụ nsọpụrụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Ogbugbu nsọpụrụ na-agụnye ime ihe ike na egwu dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka ịnọgide na-achịkwa. A na-ekwu na igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ sitere n'etiti ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị na ndị na-azụ anụ: ndị dị otú ahụ na-ebu ihe niile bara uru ha ma na-etinye ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke izuru ha, ha enweghịkwa ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka iwu. N'ihi ya, ịkpali egwu, iji ime ihe ike, na ịzụlite aha maka ịbọ ọbọ ime ihe ike iji chebe ihe onwunwe ka mma karịa omume ndị ọzọ. N'obodo ebe e nwere ọchịchị na-adịghị ike, ndị mmadụ ga-ewu aha ọjọọ.<ref name="justice.gc.ca">{{Cite web|url=http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/hk-ch/p3.html|title=Historical Context – Origins of Honour Killing / Honour Killing – Worldwide / Honour Killing – In Countries with Islamic Law – Preliminary Examination of so-called Honour Killings in Canada|publisher=Justice.gc.ca|date=24 September 2013|accessdate=15 February 2015|archivedate=15 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215194049/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/hk-ch/p3.html}}</ref> N'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị ebe nsọpụrụ bụ ihe dị mkpa, ụmụ nwoke bụ isi iyi, ma ọ bụ ndị na-emepụta / ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, nke nsọpụrụ ahụ, ebe naanị mmetụta ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike inwe na nsọpụrụ bụ ibibi ya.<ref name="justice.gc.ca"/> Ozugbo a na-ewere nsọpụrụ ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ dị ka nwanyị mebiri, ọ dị mkpa ịbọ ọbọ ozugbo iji weghachite ya, maka ezinụlọ iji zere ịhapụ ihu na obodo. Dị ka nkwupụta Amnesty International si kwuo:   Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti echiche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya banyere Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị na igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Ụzọ a na-esi ele ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'obodo ndị na-asọpụrụ ùgwù anya na-ewetara ụmụ nwoke ihere na-abụkarị site na omume mmekọahụ ha. N'ezie, e dekọrọ ime ihe ike metụtara ngosipụta mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị kemgbe Rom oge ochie, mgbe pater familias nwere ikike igbu nwa nwanyị na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye na-akwa iko. Na Europe oge ochie, iwu ndị Juu nyere iwu ka a tụgbuo nwunye na-akwa iko na onye òtù ọlụlụ ya.<ref name="justice.gc.ca"/> Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, prọfesọ anthropology na Rhode Island College, dere na omume, ma ọ bụ ọbụna omume a na-ebo ebubo, nke omume mmekọahụ ọ bụla, na-emebi usoro omume nke ọdịbendị ahụ, na ịwụfu ọbara bụ naanị ụzọ iji wepụ ihere ọ bụla sitere n'omume ahụ ma weghachite nguzozi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.<ref name="Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban">{{Cite web|title=Cultural Relativism and Universal Rights|url=http://www.neiu.edu/~circill/luedke/anth212/cultu.pdf|first=Carolyn|author=Fluehr-Lobban|accessdate=2 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619113253/http://www.neiu.edu/~circill/luedke/anth212/cultu.pdf|archivedate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nsọpụrụ na mmekọahụ nwanyị bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya, ụfọdụ ndị edemede na-ekwu na ọ bụghị mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị ''n'onwe ya'' bụ 'nsogbu', kama mkpebi onwe onye ụmụ nwanyị n"ihe gbasara ya, yana ọmụmụ. Sharif Kanaana, prọfesọ nke Anthropology na Mahadum Birzeit, na-ekwu na igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ bụ: Nighat Taufeeq nke ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị Shirkatgah dị na Lahore, Pakistan na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ bụ njikọ sọ nke na-arụ ọrụ megide ụmụ nwanyị: ndị na-egbu egbu na-anya isi n'ihe ha mere, ndị isi bụrụ na-akwado omume ahụ ma chebe ndị na-agbachitere ndị na-eme ihe ndị na-akpata mmadụ na ndị uwe ojii na-ekpuchi ya. " Ikike ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na Pakistan na-adabere n'ịgbaso ụkpụrụ na omenala ha <ref name="amint">{{Cite web|title=PAKISTAN Honour killings of girls and women|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa33/018/1999/en/|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=15 April 2008|archivedate=13 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913163626/http://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA33/018/1999/en/}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị [[Turkéy|Turkey]] na July 2008 site n'aka otu ndị otu si na Mahadum Dicle banyere igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Anatolia, mpaghara ndị Kurdish nke Turkey, egosiwo na obere ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla ọha na eze na-ejikọta na igbu ọchukwu nsọpụrụ. Ọ na-ekwukwa na omume ahụ enweghị njikọ na usoro ọha mmadụ, "e nwekwara ndị na-eme ya bụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum. N'ime ndị niile a nyochara, pasent 60 bụ ma ọ bụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na mahadul ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala, ndị gụrụ egwú. "<ref name="todayszaman">{{Cite news|title=Honor killing perpetrators welcomed by society, study reveals|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=147349&bolum=101|work=[[Today's Zaman]]|first=Murat|author=Gezer|accessdate=15 July 2008|archive-date=19 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719085429/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=147349&bolum=101|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge a, a na-ejikwa ọnọdụ ọdịbendị na akụ na ụba na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ụmụ nwanyị kọwaa ihe omume nke igbu ọchụ. Ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị ndị nna ochie bụ ndị nwetara nnwere onwe akụ na ụba site n'ezinụlọ ha na-emegide ọdịbendị ha nke ụmụ nwoke. Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ekwu na mgbanwe maka ibu ọrụ ka ukwuu maka ụmụ nwanyị na obere maka ndị nna ha nwere ike ime ka ndị òtù ezinụlọ ha nwoke na-eme ihe n'ụzọ mmegbu na mgbe ụfọdụ ime ihe ike iji nwetaghachi ikike.<ref name="Hilal Onur Ince, Aysun Yarali and Dogancan Ozsel">{{Cite journal|title=Customary Killings in Turkey and Turkish Modernization|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2009-07_45_4/page/537|first=Hilal Onur|author=Ince|doi=10.1080/00263200903009593|volume=45|issue=4|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|pages=537–551|year=2009}}</ref> Fareena Alam, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin ndị Alakụba, dere na igbu ọchụ nke na-ebilite na ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka Britain bụ usoro maka ezinụlọ ndị mbịarambịa iji nagide ihe ndị na-eme ka obodo mepụta. Alam na-ekwu na ndị mbịarambịa na-anọ nso na omenala ụlọ na ndị ikwu ha n'ihi na ọ na-enye netwọk nchekwa. O dere na   Nwanyị na-anwa ịgba alụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ nkewa na-enweghị nkwenye nke di / ezinụlọ gbasaa nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe na-akpata igbu ọchụ. N'omenala ebe a na-ahazi alụmdi na nwunye na ihe ndị a na-agbanwekarị n'etiti ezinụlọ, a na-elekarị ọchịchọ nwanyị ịchọ ịgba alụkwaghịm anya dị ka mkparị nye ndị ikom kwurịtara nkwekọrịta ahụ. Site n'ime ka a mara nsogbu alụmdi na nwunye ha n'èzí ezinụlọ, a na-ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha na-ekpughe ezinụlọ ahụ n'ihu ọha.<ref name="hbv-awareness.com">{{Cite web|url=http://hbv-awareness.com/faq/|title=FAQ|publisher=Hbv-awareness.com|accessdate=15 February 2015|archivedate=15 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815114026/http://hbv-awareness.com/faq/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://hbv-awareness.com/faq/ "FAQ"]. Hbv-awareness.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150815114026/http://hbv-awareness.com/faq/ Archived] from the original on 15 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> === Ebubo na asịrị banyere onye òtù ezinụlọ === N'ọdịbendị ụfọdụ, ''ebubo'' megide nwanyị nwere ike imebi aha ezinụlọ ya, na ịkpata igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ: egwu ezinụlọ ahụ na obodo ga-achụpụ ya dị ukwuu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml#h1|title=Ethics: Honour crimes|publisher=BBC|date=1 January 1970|accessdate=23 December 2013|archivedate=21 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053506/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml#h1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|first=Bhaskar|author=Dasgupta|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/gender-dasgupta210204.htm|title=No Honour in Honour Killings|publisher=countercurrents.org|date=21 February 2004|accessdate=23 December 2013|archivedate=11 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211120014/http://www.countercurrents.org/gender-dasgupta210204.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.octevaw-cocvff.ca/sites/all/files/pdf/factsheets/Honour_Killing.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=21 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061605/http://www.octevaw-cocvff.ca/sites/all/files/pdf/factsheets/Honour_Killing.pdf|archivedate=21 September 2013}}</ref>   N'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị, ndị e dinara n'ike na-eche ajọ ime ihe ike ihu, gụnyere igbu ọchụ, site n'aka ndị ezinụlọ ha na ndị ikwu ha. N'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa, a na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị ndị ụmụ nwoke dinara n'ike ka ha wetaara ezinụlọ ha 'ihe ihere' ma ọ bụ 'ihe ihie' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml|title=Ethics – Honour crimes|publisher=BBC|date=1 January 1970|accessdate=16 August 2013|archivedate=21 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053506/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml}}</ref> Nke a bụ karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na onye ahụ e gburu egbu tụụrụ [[Afọ ime|ime]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Harter|first=Pascale|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13760895|title=Libya rape victims 'face honour killings'|publisher=BBC|date=14 June 2011|accessdate=16 August 2013}}</ref> Omume nke ndị uwe ojii na ndị ọka ikpe nke Pakistan (karịsịa na ọkwa dị ala nke ndị ọka ikpe ) yiri ka ọ na-akwado omume igbu ọchụ n'aha nsọpụrụ ezinụlọ n'oge gara aga. Ndị uwe ojii, n'ọnọdụ nke igbu ọchụ a kwetara, anaghị eme ihe mgbe niile megide onye na-eme ya. Ọzọkwa, ndị ọkàikpe na Pakistan (karịsịa na ọkwa dị ala nke ndị ọka ikpe [1]), kama ikpe ikpe ikpe na nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị n'uche, o yikwara ka ha na-eme ka enweghị nhata sie ike ma n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-akwado igbu ụmụ nwanyị a na-ewere dị ka ndị na-adịghị akwụwa aka ọtọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, igbu ọchụ a na-enyo enyo adịghị eru ụlọ ikpe, mana n'okwu ikpe ebe ha na-eme, a naghị ebu onye a na-ebo ebubo igbu ọchukwu ma ọ bụ na-enye ya ikpe dị ala nke afọ atọ ruo anọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ime nnyocha ikpe nke igbu ọchụ 150 maka nsọpụrụ, ndị ọkàikpe na-aga n'ihu jụrụ naanị nkwupụta asatọ na e gburu ụmụ nwanyị ahụ maka nsọpụrụ ahụ. A mara ndị ọzọ ikpe n'ụzọ dị mfe.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A Question of Honor|first=Suzanne|author=Goldberg|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/may/27/gender.uk1|work=The Guardian|accessdate=9 December 2011|date=27 May 1999}}</ref> N'ọtụtụ ikpe na Pakistan, otu n'ime ihe mere ikpe igbu ọchụ anaghị abanye n'ụlọ ikpe, bụ n'ihi na, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọka iwu na ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị si kwuo, ndị mmanye iwu Pakistani anaghị etinye aka. N'okpuru agbamume nke onye ogbugbu ahụ, ndị uwe ojii na-ekwukarị na ogbugbu a bụ ikpe ụlọ nke na-ekwesịghị itinye aka. N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ahụ na-atụ egwu ikwu okwu ma ọ bụ na-ebo ebubo. Otú ọ dị, ndị uwe ojii na-ekwu na ọ dịghị mgbe a na-ewetara ha ikpe ndị a, ma ọ bụ ha abụghị ndị buru ibu iji chụsoo n'ụzọ buru ibu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=In Pakistan, Women Pay the Price of Honor|url=http://chora.virtualave.net/pakistan-women.htm|work=The Washington Post|first=Pamela|author=Constable|authorlink=Pamela Constable|accessdate=8 December 2011|archive-date=26 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426051757/http://chora.virtualave.net/pakistan-women.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Enweghị mmasị n'okwu igbu ọchụ n'ime Pakistan bụ n'ihi ajọ mbunobi nwoke na nwanyị siri ike na iwu, ndị uwe ojii, na ndị ikpe. Na akụkọ ya, "Pakistan: Honor Killings of Girls and Women", nke e bipụtara na Septemba 1999, Amnesty International katọrọ enweghị mmasị gọọmentị ma kpọọ maka ọrụ gọọmentị n'ichebe ikike mmadụ nke ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa33/018/1999/en/|title=Honor Killings in Pakistan Amnesty.org Retrieved 06/03/12|accessdate=1 October 2012|archivedate=13 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913163626/http://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA33/018/1999/en/}}</ref> Iji kọwaa ya, Amnesty rịọrọ Gọọmentị Pakistan ka o mee 1) usoro iwu, 2) mgbochi, na 3) nchebe. Nke mbụ, usoro iwu na-ezo aka na mgbanwe nke iwu mpụ gọọmentị iji hụ na nchebe iwu hà nhata nke ụmụ nwanyị. N'elu nke ahụ, Amnesty siri ọnwụ na gọọmentị ga-eme ka ndị omempụ merụrụ ahụ nwee ike ịnweta iwu n'aha nsọpụrụ. Mgbe a bịara n'ihe mgbochi, Amnesty kwusiri ike mkpa dị mkpa ịkwalite mmata ọha na eze site na mgbasa ozi, agụmakwụkwọ, na ọkwa ọha. N'ikpeazụ, usoro nchebe gụnyere ijide n'aka na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, ndị ọka iwu, na ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị dị nchebe iji mee ka iwepụ igbu ọchụ dị mma. Ọzọkwa, Amnesty rụrụ ụka maka mmụba nke ọrụ nkwado ndị a na-emegbu dịka ebe mgbaba. Kremlin-appointed Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov said that honor killings were perpetrated on those who deserved to die. He said that those who are killed have "loose morals" and are rightfully shot by relatives in honor killings. He did not vilify women alone but added that "If a woman runs around and if a man runs around with her, both of them are killed."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g3CnrQFlvyjHiDVHC-jXxegnNz7wD96KOKB00|title=Chechen leader imposes strict brand of Islam|accessdate=11 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304190227/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g3CnrQFlvyjHiDVHC-jXxegnNz7wD96KOKB00|archivedate=4 March 2009}}. Associated Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/breaking-news/world/europe/president-kadyrov-defends-honour-killings-14208919.html|title=President Kadyrov defends honour killings|date=1 March 2009|work=The Belfast Telegraph|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, onye nkwado a ma ama nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke [[Norway]] kwuru na ọ chọrọ ka ntaramahụhụ maka igbu ọchụ ahụ belata site na afọ 17 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo afọ 15 n'okwu gbasara igbu ọchukwu a na-eme na Norway. Ọ kọwara na ọha na eze Norwegian aghọtaghị ọdịbendị ndị ọzọ na-eme igbu ọchụ, ma ọ bụ ghọta echiche ha, nakwa na ọdịbendị Norwegian "bụ onye ezi omume".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Staff vil gi strafferabatt for æresdrap|work=Aftenposten|date=29 November 2007|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article2126407.ece|accessdate=23 November 2011|language=no}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, Israr Ullah Zehri, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Pakistani na Balochistan, gbachitere ogbugbu nsọpụrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ise sitere n'ebo Umrani site n'aka onye ikwu nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ nke Umrani.<ref name="ahrc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/mainfile.php/2008/2969|title=PAKISTAN: Five women buried alive, allegedly by the brother of a minister|accessdate=31 March 2011|work=Asian Human Rights Commission|archivedate=2 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302212841/http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/mainfile.php/2008/2969/}}</ref> Zehri gbachitere ogbugbu ahụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu ma gwa ndị omeiwu ibe ya ka ha ghara ime esemokwu banyere ihe merenụ. O kwuru, "Ndị a bụ omenala dị ọtụtụ narị afọ, m ga-anọgide na-agbachitere ha. Naanị ndị na-eme omume rụrụ arụ kwesịrị ịtụ egwu. "<ref name="times">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4678530.ece|title=Three teenagers buried alive in 'honour killings'|accessdate=31 March 2011|work=The Times|first=Zahid|author=Hussain|date=5 September 2008|archive-date=30 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430103927/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4678530.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/2660881/Pakistani-women-buried-alive-for-choosing-husbands.html|title=Pakistani women buried alive 'for choosing husbands'|accessdate=31 March 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=1 September 2008|first=Our|author=Foreign}}</ref> Nilofar Bakhtiar, onye bụ Minista na-ahụ maka njem nleta na onye ndụmọdụ praịm minista Pakistan na ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, mere mkpọsa megide igbu ọchụ na Pakistan mgbe ọ nọ n'ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/facesinthenews/2007/04/10/bakhtiar-pakistan-fatwa-face-cx_rd_0410autofacescan01.html|date=10 April 2007|work=Forbes|title=Hug Sparks Fatwa Against Pakistani Minister|accessdate=6 July 2011|first=Ruth|author=David|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910071058/http://www.forbes.com/facesinthenews/2007/04/10/bakhtiar-pakistan-fatwa-face-cx_rd_0410autofacescan01.html|archive-date=10 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Tursunoy Saidazimova, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Uzbek na Uzbek SSR na otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-abụ abụ n'elu ikpo okwu na-enweghị ihe mkpuchi ihu. Di ya gburu ya obere oge ka ọrụ ya malitere. * Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva, otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Uzbek mbụ na otu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Uzbek mbụ na-agba egwu n'elu ikpo okwu na-enweghị paranja. Nwanne ya nwoke mara ya mma ruo ọnwụ. * Tina Isa, nwa agbọghọ America dị afọ iri na isii nke nne na nna ya mara mma ma gbuo ya. * Rukhsana Naz, nwanyị British Pakistani dị afọ iri na itoolu na nne nke abụọ si Normanton, Derby, onye ndị ezinụlọ gburu. * Surjit Athwal, nwanyị Britain-India dị afọ 27 e gburu na India. Ọ bụ nne di ya na di Surjit gbara ya ume igbu ya. * Tulay Goren, nwa akwụkwọ Kurdish dị afọ iri na ise si Woodford Green, East London nke furu efu na Jenụwarị 1999. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, a mara nna ya Mehmet Goren ikpe maka ogbugbu ya. Mehmet gburu Tulay n'ihi na ya na nwoke meworo okenye nọ na mmekọrịta, sitere na alaka dị iche nke okwukwe Alakụba. * Samia Sarwar, nwanyị Pakistani nke onye ogbugbu nke nne na nna ya were n'ọrụ gbagburu n'ọfịs ndị ọka iwu ya na Lahore. * Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu, onye Indo-Canadian beautician nke a tọọrọ, mekpọọ ya ọnụ, ma gbuo ya na India na iwu nke nne ya na nwanne nna ya dị ka ntaramahụhụ maka alụmdi na nwunye nzuzo ya. * Nitish Katara, onye isi azụmaahịa India dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ na Delhi onye Vikas Yadav gburu n'ihi na ezinụlọ nke ikpeazụ ahụ anabataghị mmekọrịta ya na Bharti Yadav, nwanne nwanyị Vikas Yadab. * Fadime Şahindal, onye Kurdish kwagara Sweden nke nna ya gburu n'ihu nne ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ. * Heshu Yones, nwa agbọghọ Iraqi Kurd dị afọ iri na isii si [[London]]" id="mwA58" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Acton, London">Acton, London bụ onye nna ya gburu maka ịghọ "onye ọdịda anyanwụ" na maka itinye aka na mmekọrịta megidere iwu ya. Ikpe Heshu bụ nke mbụ na United Kingdom ka a nabatara ya n'ụzọ iwu ma kpụpụ ya dị ka igbu ọchụ nsọpụrụ. * Shafilea Ahmed, nwa agbọghọ Britain Pakistani dị afọ iri na asaa nke nne na nna ya gburu n'ihi ịgbaso ndị ọdịda anyanwụ ma jụ ịnakwere alụmdi na nwunye a manyere yaAlụmdi na nwunye a manyere amanye * Hatun Sürücü, nwanyị Kurdish-Turkish bi na Germany bụ onye nwanne ya nwoke nke nta gburu. Sürücü gbara nwa nwanne nne ya alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, a kọkwara na ọ na-akpa nwa nwoke German. * Samaira Nazir, nwanyị Pakistan dị afọ iri abụọ na ise nke nwanne ya nwoke na nwa nwanne ya gburu maka ịjụ ịbanye n'alụmdi na nwunye a haziri ahazi na maka ịjụ nhọrọ ndị mụrụ ya maka ndị na-achọ ịlụ ya si Pakistan. * Ghazala Khan, nwanyị Danish nke sitere na Pakistani, onye nwanne ya nwoke gbara egbe ma gbuo na [[Denmark]] mgbe ọ lụrụ di na nwunye megide ọchịchọ ezinụlọ ya. * Banaz Mahmod, nwanyị Kurdish Iraqi dị afọ 20 nke bi na Mitcham, South London gburu ya na iwu nke ezinụlọ ya n'ihi na ọ kwụsịrị alụmdi na nwunye a manyere ime ihe ike na mmegbu ma malite mmekọrịta ya na onye ọ họọrọ. E dekọrọ akụkọ ya na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke afọ 2012 Banaz: A Love Story . * Hina Saleem, nwanyị Pakistani bi na [[Italy|Ịtali]] nke nna ya gburu n'ihi enyi nwoke ya dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na nna ya chọrọ ya n'alụmdi na nwunye a haziri ahazi. * Manoj na Babli, ndị lụrụ di na nwunye abụọ a tọọrọ ma gbuo ha. Ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ogbugbu ahụ gụnyere ndị ikwu Babli, dị ka nna nna ya, nwanne ya nwoke, ụmụnne nne na nna nna ya. * Sadia Sheikh, nwanyị Belgian dị afọ 20 nke sitere na Pakistani bụ onye nwanne ya nwoke gbagburu na Lodelinsart, Charleroi mgbe ndị mụrụ ya manyere ya ịlụ nwa nwanne nne ya ọ na-ahụtụbeghị. A na-akpọ ikpe ahụ ikpe igbu ọchụ mbụ nke [[Belgium]]. * Aqsa Parvez, nwa akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke nwanne ya nwoke na nna ya kwụgburu ma gbuo na Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. * Morsal Obeidi, nwa agbọghọ [[Germany]]" id="mwA8s" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Afghans in Germany">German-Afghan nke nwanne ya nwoke gburu na Hamburg, Germany. * Rand Abdel-Qader, nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Basra nke nna ya gburu n'ihi na ya na onye agha Britain nọ n'obodo ahụ ghọrọ enyi. * Sandeela Kanwal, nwanyị Pakistani bi na mpaghara Atlanta na Clayton County, Georgia, onye nna ya gburu. * Aasiya Zubair, onye Alakụba Pakistani American MBA nwa akwụkwọ bụ onye di ya mbụ Muzzammil Hassan mara mma ma gbupụ ya isi na Bridges TV station na Orchard Park, New York. * Coty Beavers, nwoke dị afọ 28 nke nna nwunye ya gburu. * Qandeel Baloch, onye Pakistan dị afọ iri abụọ na isii nke e gburu mgbe ọ na-ehi ụra n'ụlọ nne na nna ya na Multan. Nwanne ya nwoke kwupụtara igbu ọchụ ahụ na-ekwu na ọ "na-eweta aha ọjọọ" na "nkwanye ùgwù ezinụlọ". * Babak Khorramdin, onye dị afọ iri anọ na isii bụbu onye Iran na-eme ihe nkiri na London nke nne na nna ya mara mma ma gbuo ya maka ịbụ onye na-alụbeghị di na Mee 2021. * Ogbugbu nke Noor Almaleki, nwanyị Arab dị afọ 20 si Iraq nke ụgbọ ala nna ya na-anya maka ịjụ ịlụ di na nwunye ọtụtụ ugboro mgbe a na-ebugharị ya na Iraq mgbe niile. Ogbugbu nsọpụrụ bụ, tinyere igbu ọchụ (nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha mere na South Asia), igbu ọchukwu metụtara ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ịbọ ọbọ (mgbukpọ nke ụmụ nwanyị so n'ezinụlọ ndị òtù òtù òtù ndị na-ese okwu - ọtụtụ n' cikinsu mere na Latin America) na igbu ọchaya ebubo amoosu (nke ọtụtụ'ime ha na-eme na [[Afrịka]] na Oceania) bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị igbu ọchịrị nwanyị a ma ama.<ref name="genevadeclaration.org">{{Cite web|title=Femicide: A Global Issue that demands Action|url=http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/Co-publications/Femicide_A%20Gobal%20Issue%20that%20demands%20Action.pdf|work=Genevadeclaration.org|publisher=Academic Council on the United Nations System|accessdate=20 May 2018|archivedate=30 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630215522/http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/Co-publications/Femicide_A%20Gobal%20Issue%20that%20demands%20Action.pdf}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/Co-publications/Femicide_A%20Gobal%20Issue%20that%20demands%20Action.pdf "Femicide: A Global Issue that demands Action"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Genevadeclaration.org''. Academic Council on the United Nations System. p.&nbsp;60. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140630215522/http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/Co-publications/Femicide_A%20Gobal%20Issue%20that%20demands%20Action.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="apps.who.int">{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77421/1/WHO_RHR_12.38_eng.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=13 March 2014|archivedate=8 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308202603/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77421/1/WHO_RHR_12.38_eng.pdf}}</ref> [[Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sew0lskl62uuq5lqwnb4ezi94wfldtj 0 43612 728306 181418 2026-09-26T20:05:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rachid Khimoune''' bụ onye France nke sitere na agbụrụ Algeria mụrụ na Eprel 7, 1953, na Decazeville, Aveyron. == Akụkọ ndụ == Nna ya bịara France n'afọ 1946 site na El Ksar na Kabylie, Algeria. N'agbata afọ 1970 n'afọ 1974, Rachid Khimoune gụrụ akwụkwọ na École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts na Paris. Onye na-ese ihe na mbụ, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ese onyinyo na ngwụcha afọ iri asaana mmalite afọ ịrị asatọ. Kemgbe afọ 1991, ya na onye nta akụkọ Ève Ruggiéri bi. == Ọrụ ya == === Ihe ngosi === [[Usòrò:Rachid_Khimoune._Atelier.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọmụmụ ihe nke Rachid Khimoune gburugburu 1987]] * 1975: Galerie Sanguine, Collioure * 1977: Mahadum Georgetown, Washington * 1980: Galerie Peinture Fraîche, Paris * 1985: Ebe Ọdịbendị, Le Blanc Mesnil; Ebe Ọdịdị, Tulle; Ebe Ọrụ Ọdịbendụ, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines * 1986: Les hommes-valises, Centre culturel algérien, Paris; Centre Jean Gagnant, Limoges; École des Beaux-Arts, Nancy. * 1988: Ebe Ọdịbendị, Neuchâtel (Switzerland) * 1989: Galerie du Théâtre de l'Agora, Évry; Centre Jacques Prévert, Évory; Poissons-marelles, Galerie Art"O, Aubervilliers (abụ nke Tahar Djaout); Galerie Antoine de Galbert, Grenoble * 1990: Galerie Claudine Planque, Lausanne * 1991: Galerie Claude Monet, Bezons (abụ nke Bernard Rousseaux); Futur-composé, Collégiale Saint-André, Chartres na Galerie Daphné Behm Williamme, Chartres; Galerie Régine Deschênes, Paris; Château de Servière, Marseille * 1992: Obodo ukwu nke Sabadell, Barcelona * 1993: Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Picasso, Antibes; Galerie Anpire, Paris * 1996: Espace Pierre Cardin, Paris * 1998: Galerie de l'Europe, Paris. * 2002: Casa de Francia, Mexico * 2003: Grimaldi Forum, Monte Carlo (Monaco) * 2006: Galerie Samagra, Paris; Pavillon des Arts, Geneva Fair * 2007: Old Hôtel de Ville de Saint-Denis-de-La-Réunion * 2007: Bastide nke Capelongue, Bonnieux * 2007: Galerie Meyer Le Bihan, Paris. * 2008: Ụlọ Elsa Triolet - Aragon, Saint-Arnoult-en-Yvelines * 2009: Art Sawa Galerie, Dubai. United Arab Emirates * 2010: Ụlọ Afrịka, Paris === Ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ === * 1985: Relief, Espace Bonnefoix, Toulouse. Ihe osise, Ebe Ọdịbendị, Tulle. Les Enfants du Monde (The Children of the world), ihe a tụrụ atụ, Le Blanc-Mesnil. * 1986: Ihe e mere ka ọ dịghachi mma, na Besançon. Relief, Fondation Danielle Mitterrand, New York. ''Don Quichotte na Sancho Pança'', ihe a tụrụ atụ, Stains. Ihe osise, Post Office, Limoges-Beaubreuil. * 1987: Relief, Pau. ''Ezinụlọ'', ihe osise, Hangzhou, [[China]] * 1988: ''Ndị Agha'', ihe a tụrụ atụ, Olympic Park, Seoul ([[Korea]]). * 1989: Les Quatre Mousquetaires, ihe osise, Centre Jacques Prévert, Évry. Ihe osise, Grenoble Ihe osise, Ebe Ọdịbendị nke La Madeleine, Évreux. ''Sheikh-speare'', ihe a tụrụ atụ, Mantes-la-Jolie. * 1993: ''Ụmụaka Ụwa'', Ihe a tụrụ atụ, Neuchâtel. ''Ndị Agha Ntụte'', Chartres * 2001: Les Enfants du Monde, 21 n''Ụmụaka Ụwa'' atụ arụnyere na terraces nke Parc de Bercy na Paris.<ref name="enf">{{Cite web|title=Les enfants du monde|url=http://lesenfantsdumonde.zeblog.com/|work=Sculptures of Rachid Khimoune|accessdate=6 June 2011|archivedate=15 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615220655/http://lesenfantsdumonde.zeblog.com/}}</ref> * 2003: Ihe a tụrụ atụ ''Felipe Onye [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]]'', Museum of History, Cuernavaca (Mexico). * 2004: Ihe osise Jean-Baptiste onye Monegasque, Monte-Carlo, Monaco. * 2007: Ihe a tụrụ atụ ''Naomi Onye Afrịka'', Ouagadougou, [[Burkina Faso]]. * 2007: Ihe osise Les Quatre Saisons, Villetaneuse. * 2009: El Mamoun le Marocain, Sculpture and drawing, Hôtel La Mamounia, Marrakech (Morocco). * 2009: Les Enfants du Monde, 21 bronze sculptures, American''Ụmụaka Ụwa'', Abu Dhabi (UAE). * 2010: Les Enfants du Monde, 21 bronze sculptures, Expo 2010 na Shanghai (China).<spa i="">Ụmụaka Ụwa" typeof="mw:DisplaySpace"> </spa> * 2011: 1000 Tortues-Casques, Parvis du Trocadéro, Paris (France).<ref name="ibt">{{Cite news|title=Interesting Photos from Around the World|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/145555/20110513/interesting-photos-around-the-world.htm|accessdate=6 June 2011|work=International business Times|date=13 May 2011}}</ref> * 2011: 1000 Tortues-Casques, Normandy's Omaha Beach maka ncheta afọ 67 nke D-Day landings. <ref name="WPRK">{{Cite news|title=Sculpture exhibit on Normandy’s Omaha Beach marks 67th anniversary of D-Day landings|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/sculpture-exhibit-on-normandys-omaha-beach-marks-67th-anniversary-of-d-day-landings/2011/06/05/AGuKcXJH_story.html|accessdate=6 June 2011|work=Washington Post|date=June 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606210644/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/sculpture-exhibit-on-normandys-omaha-beach-marks-67th-anniversary-of-d-day-landings/2011/06/05/AGuKcXJH_story.html|archive-date=6 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == * Rachid K., Futur-composé, ederede nke Georges Lemoine, Daphné Behm-Williamme, François Maspéro, Bernard Rousseaux, collégiale St André na Galerie Daphné BehM Williamme, 1991. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Mmetụta nke njem, ndị omenkà Algeria 25'', (nke Fatma Zohra Zamoum, Ramon Tio Bellido, Michel-Georges Bernard na Malika Dorbani Bouabdellah), Palais des Congrès et de la Culture, Le Mans, December 1995. * Les Enfants du monde, nke Rachid Khimoune dere, ederede nke François Maspero, Pierre Restany, Tahar Djaout, Jean-Marie Gibbal na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Michel Archimbaud. Foto nke Philippe Fuzeau; Paris-Musées, Somogy éditions d'art, 2001. == Hụkwa == * Ihe a tụrụ atụ == Edensibia == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.rachidkhimoune.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Rachid Khimoune] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240424091913/http://lesenfantsdumonde.zeblog.com/ Blog raara onwe ya nye ihe a tụrụ atụ Les Enfants du monde na Paris] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 272524ppm9r7n136gtb2bzovu60iupc 0 43761 728321 627743 2026-09-26T21:29:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728321 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Rena Wakama''' (amụrụ ya n'ubochi iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel nke afọ 1992) bụ onye nkuzi bọọlụ basket nke Naijiria na onye bụbu onye ọkpụkpọ bọọlụ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Nigeria Senior Women's [[basketball]] Team na onye na-enyere onye nkuzi aka na Mahadum Stony Brook . <ref name="Leadership News 2024 c864">{{Cite web|title=Paris 2024: Wakama Invites 15 Players For Olympic Qualifiers|work=Leadership News|date=2024-02-04|url=https://leadership.ng/paris-2024-wakama-invites-15-players-for-olympic-qualifiers/|accessdate=2024-04-23}}</ref> <ref name="Nigeria 2023 v705">{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|title=U.S-based Nigerian, Wakama, is new D'Tigress coach|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2023-07-01|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/u-s-based-nigerian-wakama-is-new-dtigress-coach/|accessdate=2024-04-24}}</ref><ref name="Adewale 2023 p423">{{Cite web|author=Adewale|first=Abiodun|title=AfroBasket: D’Tigress star Okonkwo salutes Wakama|work=Punch Newspapers|date=2023-08-02|url=https://punchng.com/afrobasket-dtigress-star-okonkwo-salutes-wakama/|accessdate=2024-04-24}}</ref><ref name="Bajela 2023 n031">{{Cite web|author=Bajela|first=Ebenezer|title=Applause as NBBF appoints Wakama new D’Tigress head coach|work=Punch Newspapers|date=2023-07-01|url=https://punchng.com/applause-as-nbbf-appoints-wakama-new-dtigress-head-coach/|accessdate=2024-04-24}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Wakama na Raleigh, [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]] ndi muru ya bù Johnson Wakama ya na Rosana Oba bụ ndị obodo Okrika, Rivers State, nke mba Nigeria.<ref name="Shehu 2023 h013">{{Cite web|author=Shehu|first=Idris|title=CLOSE-UP: Rena Wakama, the first female coach to win Afrobasket title|work=TheCable|date=2023-08-06|url=https://www.thecable.ng/close-up-rena-wakama-the-first-female-coach-to-win-afrobasket-title/|accessdate=2024-04-23}}</ref>O nwere nzere bachelọ na Therapeutic Recreation na Mahadum Western Carolina, na nzere masta na Business Administration na Manhattan College.<ref name="Udugba 2023 q186">{{Cite web|author=Udugba|first=Anthony|title=Rena Wakama: Road to becoming first female basketball coach winner|work=Businessday NG|date=2023-08-08|url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/rena-wakama-road-to-becoming-first-female-basketball-coach-winner/|accessdate=2024-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Murengerantwari|first=Christianne|date=2023-08-02|title=FIBA Women's AfroBasket: Nigeria’s Rena Wakama a symbol of empowerment|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9577/sports/basketball/fiba-womens-afrobasket-nigerias-rena-wakama-a-symbol-of-empowerment|accessdate=2024-04-24|work=The New Times|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ịhụnanya Wakama nwere maka basketball sitere n'ike nke nwa nwanne ya nwoke; Onimisi Aiyede mgbe ọ dị na nwata.<ref name="Shehu 2023 h013" /> === Dịka onye na-egwu egwu === Mgbe ọ nọ na WCU, ọ turu bọọlụ maka Western Carolina Catamounts ruo afọ anọ.Ozugbo ọ hapụrụ kọleji, ọ sonyeere D'Tigress ebe ọ turu bọọlụ maka otu ahụ na asọmpi Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị nke afo 2015 na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] ebe Naịjirịa mechara ndi nke atọ.<ref name="Vanguard News 2023 y370">{{Cite web|title=My work with D'Tigress 'll be marvelous|work=Vanguard News|date=2023-07-15|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/07/my-work-with-dtigress-ll-be-marvelous-rena-wakama/|accessdate=2024-04-23}}</ref>Ọ nọchitekwara anya First Bank nke Naịjirịa na FIBA Africa Champions Cup for Women n'oge ọrụ ya dịka onye egwuregwu. === Dịka onye nkuzi === N'ime afọ abụọ mbụ ya na Manhattan College, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nduzi nke ọrụ basketball ụmụ nwanyị, ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka onye nkuzi n'afọ nke atọ ya ebe ọ nọgidere na-azụlite nkà mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dịka ndị nkuzi na onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ obodo. N'oge afọ 2023, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke D'Tigress., <ref name="Jide 2023 j826">{{Cite web|author=Jide|first=Olusola Jide|title=Inspiring story of victorious D'Tigress coach, Rena Wakama|work=Daily Trust|date=2023-08-12|url=https://dailytrust.com/inspiring-story-of-victorious-dtigress-coach-rena-wakama/|accessdate=2024-04-23}}</ref> wee bụrụ onye nkuzi mbụ nke National Female Basketball Team meriri asọmpi ahụ kemgbe ọ malitere na afo 1966 <ref name="Reporters 2023 m952">{{Cite web|author=Reporters|first=Our|title=Seven things you need to know about Rena Wakama|work=Punch Newspapers|date=2023-08-11|url=https://punchng.com/seven-things-you-need-to-know-about-rena-wakama/|accessdate=2024-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-16|title=Women's Basketball Assistant Coach Rena Wakama Guides Nigeria Women’s National Team to Their Fourth FIBA AfroBasket Title|url=https://stonybrookathletics.com/news/2023/7/26/womens-basketball-assistant-coach-rene-wakama-named-head-coach-for-nigeria-national-womens-basketball-team.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-24|work=Stony Brook University Athletics|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2023-08-06|title=D'Tigress: Amy Okonkwo wins MVP, Rena Wakama celebrates Afrobasket history|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/basketball/story/dtigress-amy-okonkwo-wins-mvp-rena-wakama-celebrates-afrobasket-history-2023080607004819576|accessdate=2024-04-24|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424220443/https://www.pulsesports.ng/basketball/story/dtigress-amy-okonkwo-wins-mvp-rena-wakama-celebrates-afrobasket-history-2023080607004819576|archive-date=2024-04-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 08a84xan2vmevtvo8yig8itj7keon0u 0 44329 728322 723420 2026-09-26T21:49:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728322 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ricardo Achiles Rangel''' (15 Febụwarị 1924 - 11 June 2009) bụ onye Mozambik na-ese foto na onye na-ese ihe. == Akụkọ ndụ == === Oge ọ malitere === A mụrụ Rangel n'obodo Lourenço Marques, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Maputo, isi obodo Mozambique, na Febụwarị 1924. <ref name="africa">{{Cite news|title=Mozambique: Country's Top Photo-Journalist Dies|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200906120679.html|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|date=12 June 2009|accessdate=14 June 2009}}</ref> Nna ya bụ onye ọchụnta ego Gris na Rangel bụ onye Afrịka, Europe na China.<ref name="iv">{{Cite news|title=Ricardo Rangel|url=http://www.iluminandovidas.org/pages/ricardo.html|work=[[Iluminado Vidas]]|accessdate=15 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120133754/http://www.iluminandovidas.org/pages/ricardo.html|archive-date=20 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ nne nne ya n'Afrịka zụlitere Rangel n'obodo ndị dara ogbi kpọrọ na enye ima ogbenye gbara Lourenço na Marques gburugburu, mgbe ọ gara leta ndị mụrụ ya na mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ.[1][2]<ref name="iv" /> === Ọrụ === Ọrụ foto Rangel malitere na mbido afọ 1940 site n'ịmepụta foto na ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye.<ref name="africa"/> Mmasị n'iwere foto sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya. E were Rangel n'ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nkeji ekpere na akwụ mbụ na-abụghị onye ọcha sonyeere akwụkwọ akụkọ Mozambik Noticias de Tarde na 1952, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto.[1]<ref name="iv"/> Rangel kwagara na mbipụta nwanne nwanyị nke Noticias de Tarde, Notícias, na 1956. [2]<ref name="iv" /> Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ onye isi na-ese foto na akwụkwọ ghọrọ akụkọ Lourenço Marques na kwa ụbọchị A Tribuna, site na 1960 ruo 1964. <ref name="africa"/><ref name="iv"/> Rangel kwagara n'obodo Beira n'etiti afọ 1960.[2] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto màkà ọmúmú na me ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ dị na Beira gụnyere Diário de Moçambique, Voz Africana na Notícias da Beira . [2] Ọ laghachiri n'obodo Lourenço Marques n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1960 wee laghachi na Notícias . [2]<ref name="iv" /> Rangel sonyeere ndị nta akụkọ Mozambik anọ ndị ọzọ na 1970 iji chọta magazin a na-akpọ Tempo, nke na-arụ na ọrụ dị ka naanị mbipụta na-emegide ọchịchị Portuguese. <ref name="africa"/><ref name="np">{{Cite news|title=Ricardo Rangel|url=http://www.noorderlicht.com/eng/fest00/africa/rangel/index.html|work=[[Noorderlicht Photofestival 2000]]|accessdate=15 June 2009|archive-date=11 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711165825/http://www.noorderlicht.com/eng/fest00/africa/rangel/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, Tempo bụkwa magazin mbụ zụrụ azụ ọkachamara na amụ ezu na Mozambique. [2] Rangel rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ''Oge''' isi na-ese foto nke Tempo, na-edekarị banyere ịda ogbenye ma ọ bụ iwu Portuguese nke mbipụta ahụ lere anya dị ka ihe na-ezighị ezi.[1]<ref name="africa" /> Ọtụtụ n'ime foto ndị Rangel na-achị n'oge ọchịchị ndị Portugal machibidoro na ma ọ bụ bibie ha, ha mere tinye na ahia nke budata enweghị ike ibipụta ma ọ bụ gosipụta na ha ruo mgbe Mozambique nwetara onwe ya na 1975. <ref name="iv"/><ref name="np"/> Ọ ghọrọ onye Ndị uwe ojii nzuzo nke Portugal, PIDE, na-elekwasị anya ugboro ugboro.<ref name="africa2">{{Cite news|title=Mozambique: Ricardo Rangel Laid to Rest|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200906151056.html|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|date=15 June 2009|accessdate=14 June 2009}}</ref> Mozambique nwetara nnwere onwe site na Portugal na 1975. Rangel keere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịzụ ndị ọhụrụ Mozambican na-ese foto n'oge nnwere Onwe ikwu okwu na bekee na agha obodo Mozambican. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na-ese foto nke Noticias na 1977, mgbe ọtụtụ ndị nta ''[[Noticias|Akụkọ]]'' foto ndị ọzọ hapụrụ mba ahụ mgbe Mozambique nweere onwe ya.<ref name="iv"/> Rangel ghọrọ onye nduzi mbụ nke akwụkwọ Mozambican na a na-ebipụta kwa izu Domingo na 1981. <ref name="africa"/><ref name="np"/> Ọ gara n'ihu guzobe Photographic Training Centre, ụlọ akwụkwọ maka foto, na Maputo na 1983 [1] ma nọgide na-abụ onye nduzi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo Mgbe ebighị ebi n'ụwa ọ nwụrụ na 2009. [2]<ref name="africa2"/> Rangel malitere igosi ọrụ ya na ụlọ ngosi nka na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Europe na Africa malite na 1983. [2]<ref name="np" /> Rangel guzobekwara Mozambican Photography Association, na-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche mbụ nke nzukọ ahụ. <ref name="africa"/> Ndị otu áhụ rúrú mechara nye y'à na utu aha nke Life President [1] ma nọgide na aaosciation N'afọ 2008, e nyere Rangel nzere doctorate na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka "onyinye ya na omenala Mozambik" site na Mahadum Eduardo Mondlane, nke bụ mahadum ime na ọgwụ nchịkwa kachasị ochie na nke kachasị ukwuu na Mozambique.<ref name="africa2"/> Tụkwasị na nke a, a họpụtara Rangel ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Maputo Municipal Assembly site nzọụkwụ ụtọ agbamakwụkwọ na 1998 ruo 2003 dị ka onye otu Juntos Pela Cidade (Tog for the City). <ref name="africa2"/> === Ọnwụ === Rangel nwụrụ n'ụra n'ụlọ ya na Maputo, Mozambique, na 11 June 2009, mgbe ọ dị afọ 85. <ref name="africa"/> Nwunye ya bụ onye Switzerland, Beatrice, hapụrụ ya.<ref name="iv"/> E liri Rangel, nke e mere na Maputo City Hall na 15 June 2009, ọtụtụ n'ime ụkpụrụ ezubere iji ndị isi, gụnyere Praịm Minista [[Luísa Diogo|Luisa Diogo]] bịara.<ref name="africa2"/> A na-akpọ egwu Jazz na olili ozu dịka ọchịchọ ya si dị, ebe Rangel bụ onye na-akwado jazz.[3] E liri ya n'ebe ili ozu Lhanguene na Maputo . [3]<ref name="africa2" /> Praịm Minista [[Luísa Diogo|Luisa Diogo]] toro ndụ Rangel na ọrụ ya na olili ozu ya, na-ekwu na Rangel hapụrụ "akara a na-apụghị ihichapụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mozambique. " <ref name="africa2"/> Ọ toro ọrụ ebube Jizọs nke na adịghị Rangel nke e ji mee ihe "ịkatọ ọchịchị aka ike", ma kwuo na a machibidoro ọtụtụ foto Rangel iwu ruo mgbe Mozambique nweere onwe ya. <ref name="africa2" /> Joao Costa, onye isi nke Mozambican Photographic Association (AMF), kwuru banyere Rangel na-emetụ, "nwoke ahụ anwụọla, mana ọrụ ya ka dị".<ref name="africa2"/> == Ihe nkiri == Ihe nkiri ''Ricardo Rangel - Hot Iron'', onye nduzi Licínio de Azevedo bụ ihe nkiri e mere na Instituto Camões na Luanda dị ka akụkụ nke usoro CPLP Film Festival nke na-ewere na ọnọdụ n'isi na obodo Angola n'ụbọchị nke ana-kpo kwa 10 16 Septemba 2009. N'ịbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya nke mba CPLP kwadoro na [[Angola]] haziri, usoro ahụ gụnyere ngosipụta nke ihe nkiri ise nke Portugal, [[Brazil]], [[Cape Verde]], Mozambique na Angola isi iyi nke abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ onye nnọchiteanya Mozambique na Luanda, nke AIM kpọtụrụ na Lisbon.Ihe nkiri ahụ, nke na-ewe nkeji iri ise na abụọ, bụ ihe ngosi nke oru ngo na me afọ iri asatọ nke Ricardo Rangel, nke iri isii n'ime ha raara nye foto, nke Licinio de usuario na Azevedo duziri ma Camilo nke Sousa na [[Ebano Multimédia|Ebano Multimedia]] jikọrọ aka mepụta. E mere ya na fim ma mezue ya ọnwa ole na ole tupu ọnwụ Rangel, na 11 June 2009 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.opais.co.mz/opais/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2689:filme-sobre-ricardo-rangel-projectado-em-luanda&catid=82:cultura&Itemid=278|title=Film on Ricardo Rangel designed in Luanda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://programas.rtp.pt/programas-rtp/index.php?p_id=22354&e_id=&c_id=121&dif=tv|title=Ricardo Rangel – Hot Iron}}</ref> Ricardo Rangel, onye na-ese foto, onye dị afọ 80, bụ ihe nnọchianya dị ndụ nke ọgbọ ahụ malitere obibi nke ulo ikwụ nzute mkpesa mbụ megide ọnọdụ ọchịchị. Mgbe ọ na-ese foto n'obodo nke ndị bi ebe ahụ, Ricardo gosipụtara obi ọjọọ na obi ọjọọ nke ọchịchị Puku na ndị agha. Site n'oge ahụ ruo na njedebe nke agha obodo mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, Ricardo sere foto afọ 60 nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ọnọdụ na akụkọ ochie nke Mozambique. N'ime ihe nkiri a, Ricardo na-eburu anyị na ndụ ya na ọrụ ya, ebe obodo Maputo, Bohemian na jazz nwere ọnọdụ pụrụ iche <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://group.xiconhoca.com/2009/01/02/documentario-ricardo-rangel-ferro-em-brasa-foi-em-08-junho-2007-na-rtp-2/ |title="Documentary: Ricardo Rangel – Hot Iron was on June 8, 2007" |accessdate=May 11, 2024 |archivedate=August 4, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804013058/http://group.xiconhoca.com/2009/01/02/documentario-ricardo-rangel-ferro-em-brasa-foi-em-08-junho-2007-na-rtp-2/ }}</ref> == Nchịkọta == A na-eme ọrụ Rangel na nchịkọta ọha na eze ndị a: * The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois: ihe 2 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ricardo Rangel|url=https://www.artic.edu/artists/116711/ricardo-rangel|accessdate=2020-06-06|work=The Art Institute of Chicago|language=en}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} * Paul Melo e Castro (2018) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200712184319/http://portuguese-diaspora-studies.com/index.php/ijpds/article/view/283 GOA, MOÇAMBIQUE, ÁSIA DO SUL na ALGUMAS FotoGRAFIAS nke RICARDO RANGEL: N'etiti ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na SILVIA BraganÇA.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200712184319/http://portuguese-diaspora-studies.com/index.php/ijpds/article/view/283 InterDISCIPLINARY] Journal of Portuguese Diaspora Studies (Mpịakọta 7) * Ihe ndekọ metụtara "Goa, Mozambique, South Asia na ụfọdụ foto nke Ricardo Rangel: Ajụjụ ọnụ na Carla Maciel na Sílvia Braganca" Ihe ndekọ metụtara na "Goa", Mozambique, South Eshia na ụfọdụ foto ya nke Ricardo Rangen: Ajụmụ ọnụ na Carla maciel na Sílevia Bragancha"[[doi:10.5518/484|Ihe ndekọ ndị metụtara "Goa, Mozambique, South Asia na ụfọdụ foto nke Ricardo Rangel: Ajụjụ ọnụ na Carla Maciel na Sílvia Braganca"]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aem12314wnvirynbqpw20t9t3bpexzj 0 44404 728216 723013 2026-09-26T13:53:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Spermicides.jpg|thumb|Spermicides.]] Spermicide but ihe eji ebochi afo ime nke na emebi sperm, ana etinye ya n'ime nwaanyi tupu ebido mmeko eji bochie afo ime. Dika ihe eji ebochi afo ime , ana eji soso spermicide. Ya bu out idi ime nke did na mwunye n'eji spermicide na di elu Karia ndi n'eji uzo ibochi ime ndi ozi. Ana eji spermicide na barrier method nke gunyere diaphragms, condoms, cervical caps na sponges. Combined method ka amara dika ihe na ebuchi idi ime nke ukwu Karia iji out method nani.<ref name="simultaneous">{{Cite journal|title=Efficacy of the simultaneous use of condoms and spermicides|journal=Fam Plann Perspect|volume=23|issue=5|pages=226–7, 232|year=1991|pmid=1743276|doi=10.2307/2135759}}</ref> == Ụdị na ịdị irè == Ihe kachasị arụ ọrụ nke spermicides bụ noxynol-9. Spermicides nwere nonoxynol-9 dị n'ọtụtụ ụdị, dị ka jelly (gel), ihe nkiri, na ụfụfụ. N'iji ya mee ihe nenw ya, spermicides nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke nke 6% kwa afọ mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi na n'ụzọ na-aga n'ihu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ 16% kwa afọ n'iji ya eme ihe.<ref name="Grimes 2013"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFGrimesLopezRaymondHalpern2013"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="195">Grimes, David A; Lopez, Laureen M; Raymond, Elizabeth G.; Halpern, Vera; Nanda, Kavita; Schulz, Kenneth F (30 September 2013). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="196">Halpern, Vera (ed.). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="197">"Spermicide used alone for contraception". </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="198">''Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews'' (12): CD005218.pub3. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="199">[[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005218.pub4|10.1002/14651858.]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="201">[[doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005218.pub4|CD005218.pub4]]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="202">[[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24307556 24307556].</span></cite></ref> === Ụdị ọgwụ sperm === Ndepụta ihe atụ a sitere na Mayo Clinic: <ref>{{Cite web|author=Clinic|first=Mayo|title=Spermicide (Vaginal Route)|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/spermicide-vaginal-route/description/drg-20070769|publisher=Mayo Clinic|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref> # [[VCF Vaginal Contraceptive Film|VCF Ihe nkiri Igbochi Mmekọahụ]] # [[VCF Vaginal Contraceptive Gel|VCF Igbochi afọ ime nke akụkụ ahụ nwanyị]] # [[VCF Contraceptive Foam|VCF Igbochi Ime Ọmụma]] # [[Conceptrol|Nchịkwa]] # Crinone # [[Encare]] # Endometrin # [[First-Progesterone VGS|VGS nke Progesterone Mbụ]] # [[Gynol II|Gynol nke Abụọ]] # Ịchụ nta # Sponge Taa # [[Vagi-Gard Douche Non-Staining|Vagi-Gard Douche Non-staining]] Nonoxynol-9 bụ kemịkalụ bụ isi na spermicides iji gbochie motility sperm. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu sperm nwere ike ịgụnye octoxynol-9, benzalkonium chloride na [[menfegol]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization|title=WHO/Conrad Technical Consultation|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_RHR_03.08.pdf|publisher=Geneva|accessdate=April 1, 2014|archivedate=March 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318002934/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_RHR_03.08.pdf}}</ref> Ihe ndị a na-abụghị ihe a ma ama na United States, ebe nonoxynol-9 naanị bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Igbochi mmegharị nke sperm ga-egbochi sperm ịga n'ihu na àkwá na-agbadata na tubes fallopian gaa n'akpa nwa. Mmetụta miri emi nke spermicide kwesịrị igbochi cervix n'ụzọ dị irè ka sperm wee ghara ịgafe cervix gaa n'akpa nwa ma ọ bụ Fallopian tubes. Nnyocha na-ahụ nkesa nke spermicide nwere nonoxynol-9 n'ime akụkụ ahụ nwanyị gosipụtara "Mgbe nkeji iri gachara, gel gbasaa n'ime ọwara ahụ na-enye mkpuchi epithelium nke ịdị arọ dị iche iche. " Nanị ebumnuche nke spermicide bụ igbochi imeju.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barnhart|first=K.T.|title=Distribution of a spermicide containing Nonoxynol-9 in the vaginal canal and the upper female reproductive tract|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-reproduction_human-reproduction_2001-06_16_6/page/1151|journal=Human Reproduction|date=1 June 2001|volume=16|issue=6|pages=1151–1154|doi=10.1093/humrep/16.6.1151|pmid=11387285}}</ref> Menfegol bụ ihe na-egbu sperm nke e mepụtara dị ka mbadamba ụfụfụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spermicides: Neo-Sampoon (Menfegol)|work=RemedyFind|url=http://www.remedyfind.com/treatments/77/1301/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610181737/http://www.remedyfind.com/treatments/77/1301/|archivedate=2016-06-10|accessdate=2006-10-01}}</ref> Ọ dị naanị na Europe. Octoxynol-9 bụbu ihe a na-ahụkarị na-egbu sperm, mana ewepụrụ ya n'ahịa US na 2002 mgbe ndị na-emepụta ya emeghị nyocha ọhụrụ FDA chọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Status of Certain Additional Over-the-Counter Drug Category II and III Active Ingredients|work=Federal Register|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|date=May 9, 2002|url=https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/98fr/050902b.htm|accessdate=2006-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929145513/http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/98fr/050902b.htm|archive-date=2007-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-eji ọgwụ spermicides benzalkonium chloride na sodium cholate eme ihe na ụfọdụ sponges na-egbochi afọ ime.<ref name="CBAC">{{Cite web|title=Sponges|work=Cervical Barrier Advancement Society|year=2004|url=http://www.cervicalbarriers.org/information/sponges.cfm|accessdate=2006-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114062634/http://www.cervicalbarriers.org/information/sponges.cfm|archivedate=2009-01-14}}</ref> Benzalkonium chloride nwekwara ike ịdị na Canada dị ka suppository.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spermicides (Vaginal)|work=MayoClinic.com|date=August 1997|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR202531|accessdate=2006-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708030353/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR202531|archivedate=July 8, 2006}}</ref> E nyere Sheree Umpierre, Joseph Hill, na Deborah Anderson Ihe nrite Ig Nobel nke afọ 2008 (nke a na-akọwapụta [[Ihe nrite Nobel]]) na Chemistry, maka ịchọpụta na Coca-Cola bụ ihe na-egbu sperm nke ọma, <ref name="2008 chem1">{{Cite journal|author=Umpierre|first=Sharee A.|title=Effect of 'Coke' on sperm motility.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_1985-11-21_313_21/page/1351|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=21 November 1985|volume=313|issue=21|pages=1351|doi=10.1056/NEJM198511213132111|pmid=4058526}}</ref> na C.Y. Hong, C.C. Shieh, P. Wu, na B.N. Chiang maka igosi na ọ bụghị<ref name="2008 chem2">{{Cite news|first=C.Y.|author=Hong|date=September 1987|title=The spermicidal potency of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola|work=Human Toxicology|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan Publishers, Scientific and Medical Division]]|pages=395–6}}</ref><ref name="2008 chem3">{{Cite web|first=Barbara|author=Mikkelson|date=March 16, 2007|title=Killer Sperm: Coca-Cola Spermicide|url=http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/sperm.asp|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref> E gosipụtara ihe ngwọta mmiri lemon iji mee ka ọbara ọcha ghara ịgagharị na ụlọ nyocha, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Roger Short|title=Lemon and Lime juice as potent natural microbicides|year=2002|url=http://www.aids.net.au/aids-lemons.pdf|accessdate=2006-08-13|archive-date=2006-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821160516/http://www.aids.net.au/aids-lemons.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> dị ka ihe ọṅụṅụ Krest Bitter Lemon. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nwoha P|title=The immobilization of all spermatozoa ''in vitro'' by bitter lemon drink and the effect of alkaline pH|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_contraception_1992-12_46_6/page/537|journal=Contraception|volume=46|issue=6|pages=537–42|year=1992|pmid=1493713|doi=10.1016/0010-7824(92)90118-D}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ndị dere nyocha Krest Bitter Lemon tụrụ aro iji ya mee ihe dị ka douche postcoital, nke a o yighị ka ọ ga-arụ ọrụ, ka sperm na-amalite ịhapụ ejaculate (nke na-erughị douche ọ bụla) n'ime nkeji 1.5 nke itinye ya. Enweghị nnyocha e bipụtara edepụtara na o yiri ka e mere banyere ịdị irè nke nkwadebe mmiri lemon na igbochi afọ ime, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ na-akwado ha dị ka 'okike' spermicides.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MoonDragon's Contraception Information: Spermicides|work=MoonDragon Birthing Services|date=c. 1997|url=http://www.moondragon.org/obgyn/contraception/spermicides.html|accessdate=2006-08-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813111633/http://www.moondragon.org/obgyn/contraception/spermicides.html|archivedate=2006-08-13}}</ref> E gosikwara na nkwadebe lactic acid nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na-egbu sperm, na spermicides nke lactic acid dị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Femprotect - Lactic Acid Contraceptive Gel|work=Woman's Natural Health Practice|url=http://www.naturalgynae.com/nav6_fact19.html|accessdate=2006-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060601030433/http://www.naturalgynae.com/nav6_fact19.html|archivedate=June 1, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Stone H|title=Contraceptive jellies: a clinical study|journal=J Contracept|volume=1|issue=12|pages=209–13|year=1936|pmid=12259192}}</ref> A kwadoro ihe mgbochi afọ ime nwere lactic acid, citric acid, na potassium bitartrate (Phexxi) maka iji ya na United States na Mee 2020. A tụkwara aro ihe ndị na-ewepụta osisi neem dị ka mmanụ neem dị ka spermicides dabere na nyocha ụlọ nyocha.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Mechanism of action of NIM-76: a novel vaginal contraceptive from [[neem]] oil|journal=Contraception|volume=54|issue=6|pages=373–8|year=1996|pmid=8968666|doi=10.1016/S0010-7824(96)00204-1}}</ref> Nnyocha anụmanụ nke creme na pessaries sitere na neem egosila na ha nwere mmetụta mgbochi afọ ime; Otú ọ dị, nnwale n'ime ụmụ mmadụ iji chọpụta ịdị irè ya n'igbochi afọ ime emebeghị.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Plant immunomodulators for termination of unwanted pregnancy and for contraception and reproductive health|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-cell-biology_1997-04_75_2/page/190|journal=Immunol Cell Biol|volume=75|issue=2|pages=190–2|year=1997|pmid=9107574|doi=10.1038/icb.1997.27}}</ref> == Iji ya na condom == A kwenyere na ọgwụ spermide na-eme ka ikike mgbochi afọ ime nke condoms dịkwuo irè.<ref name="simultaneous"/> Otú ọ dị, condoms ndị onye na-emepụta ya na-eme ka spermicidally dị mkpirikpi <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spermicide (Nonoxynol-9)|work=Other disadvantages|url=http://www.condomjungle.com/Spermicidal_Nonoxynol_9_Lubricated_Condoms_s/61.htm|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2009-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220090513/http://www.condomjungle.com/Spermicidal_Nonoxynol_9_Lubricated_Condoms_s/61.htm}}</ref> ma nwee ike ịkpata ọrịa urinary tract n'ime ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Condoms: Extra protection|work=ConsumerReports.org|date=February 2005|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/health-fitness/health-care/condoms-and-contraception-205/overview/index.htm|accessdate=2006-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626055716/http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/health-fitness/health-care/condoms-and-contraception-205/overview/index.htm|archivedate=June 26, 2006}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-ekwu na ekwesighi ịkwalite condoms ndị a na-etinye mmanụ spermicidally. Otú ọ dị, ha na-atụ aro iji condom nonoxynol-9 mmanụ karịa condom ọ bụla.<ref name="WHO 2002">{{Cite web|author=WHO|year=2002|title=HIV/AIDS Topics: Microbicides|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/topics/microbicides/microbicides/en/|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=August 6, 2006}}</ref> Spermicides eji naanị eme ihe bụ naanị ihe dịka pasent 91 na-arụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=WebMD|title=Spermicide for Birth Control - Topic Overview|url=http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/tc/spermicide-for-birth-control-topic-overview|work=WebMD|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Mgbe a na-eji ọgwụ spermicides na condoms na usoro mgbochi ndị ọzọ, enwere pasent 97 dị irè maka mgbochi ime. == Mmetụta ndị ọzọ == Mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ na-emetụta akụkụ ahụ nwanyị, akụkụ ahụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ penis bụ nsogbu a na-ahụkarị na iji spermicide.<ref name="Cates 2011">{{Cite book|author=Cates|first=Willard Jr.|year=2011|chapter=Vaginal Barriers and Spermicides|editor=Hatcher|title=Contraceptive Technology|edition=20th revised|location=New York|publisher=Ardent Media|isbn=978-1-59708-004-0|oclc=781956734|pages=391–408}}</ref> Ojiji ugboro ugboro (ugboro abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa n'ụbọchị) nke nonoxynol-9 nwere spermicide bụ ihe a na-apụghị iwughachi ma ọ bụrụ na STI / HIV nwere ike ịbụ, n'ihi na n'ọnọdụ a enwere mmụba nke mgbagwoju anya epithelial vulvovaginal na ohere dị ukwuu nke inweta HIV.<ref name="Cates 2011"/> N'afọ 2007, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nyere iwu ka akara maka ọgwụ mgbochi afọ ime nonoxynol-9 over-the-counter (OTC) bu ịdọ aka ná ntị ọhụrụ na-ekwu na ha anaghị echebe megide STDs na HIV / AIDS.<ref name="FDA 2007">{{Cite web|author=FDA|date=December 18, 2007|title=FDA mandates new warning for nonoxynol 9 OTC contraceptive products. Label must warn consumers products do not protect against STDs and HIV/AIDS (news release)|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2007/ucm109043.htm|accessdate=April 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416233725/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2007/ucm109043.htm|archive-date=April 16, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="FDA 2007a">{{Cite journal|author=FDA|date=December 19, 2007|title=Final rule. Over-the-counter vaginal contraceptive and spermicide drug products containing nonoxynol 9; required labeling|journal=Federal Register|volume=72|issue=243|pages=71769–71785|url=https://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/07-6111.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623035121/http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/07-6111.htm|archive-date=June 23, 2016|access-date=May 12, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == A na-achọta ihe ndekọ mbụ e dere banyere iji spermicide eme ihe na Kahun Papyrus, akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt nke malitere na 1850 BCE. Ọ kọwara ihe na-egbu egbu nke nsị agụ iyi na ntụ ọka a gwakọtara agwọ.<ref name="evolution">{{Cite journal|date=February 2000|title=Evolution and Revolution: The Past, Present, and Future of Contraception|journal=Contraception Online (Baylor College of Medicine)|volume=10|issue=6|url=http://www.contraceptiononline.org/contrareport/article01.cfm?art=93}}</ref> Ekwenyere na pH dị ala nke nsị nwere ike ịnwe mmetụta spermicidal.<ref name="museum">{{Cite web|author=Towie|first=Brian|title=4,000 years of contraception on display in Toronto museum|work=torontObserver|publisher=Centennial College journalism students|date=January 19, 2004|url=http://observer.thecentre.centennialcollege.ca/features/condom_museum011904.htm|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20040225190349/http://observer.thecentre.centennialcollege.ca/features/condom_museum011904.htm|archivedate=February 25, 2004}}</ref> A na-ahụ usoro ndị ọzọ na Ebers Papyrus site na ihe dịka 1500 BCE. Ọ tụrụ aro ịgwakọta ajị mkpụrụ, akị, mkpụrụ osisi na mmanụ aṅụ, na itinye ngwakọta ahụ n'ime akụkụ ahụ nwanyị. O yikarịrị ka ọ nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ dị ka ihe mgbochi anụ ahụ n'ihi ọkpụrụkpụ, ihe na-arapara n'ahụ, yana n'ihi lactic acid (ihe a maara na ọ na-egbu sperm) nke sitere na akasia.<ref name="museum"/> Ihe odide nke Soranus, onye dọkịta Gris nke narị afọ nke abụọ, nwere usoro maka ọtụtụ acidic concoctions nke a na-azọrọ na ọ bụ spermicidal. Ntuziaka ya bụ ịsa ajị anụ n'otu n'ime ngwakọta ahụ, wee tinye ya n'akụkụ akpa nwa.<ref name="evolution"/> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f1dnyw4jw8guprfztxt2v0xrlzzx87r 0 44698 728270 166552 2026-09-26T17:26:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728270 wikitext text/x-wiki .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cricketer-dwayne-bravo-meets-padman-arunachalam-muruganantham-coimbatore-104822|title=Cricketer Dwayne Bravo meets 'Padman' Arunachalam Muruganantham in Coimbatore|work=www.thenewsminute.com|date=4 July 2019|accessdate=22 July 2019}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/real-pad-man-arunachalam-muruganantham-akshay-kumar-5059709/|title=Meet the real PadMan – Arunachalam Muruganantham|date=13 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|accessdate=22 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://t2online.com/lifestyle/padman-twinkle-khanna-book-the-legend-of-lakshmi-prasad-arunachalam-muruganantham-sanitary-pads/cid/1.62451|author=Mazumder|first=Jayeeta|work=T2 Online|title=Padman: The un-caped hero in Twinkle Khanna's book|accessdate=31 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201080828/http://t2online.com/lifestyle/padman-twinkle-khanna-book-the-legend-of-lakshmi-prasad-arunachalam-muruganantham-sanitary-pads/cid/1.62451|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>Pad man bu ihe ejije egwuriegwu nke biographical na afo 2018 o bu R.Balki Derek ma hazi kwa ya. O bu ihe emeputa did na etite India na United States, o weputara Akshay Kumar na Radhika Apte n'eme agwa putara ihe nakwa agwa nyere aka. Ihe ejije ya agbasara ndi Arunachalam Muruganantham, onye bu social activist nakwa obye na ere ahia na Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu onye mere Ka sanitary pad umunwaanyi kwe nzuta. Echiche iji gbanwee ndụ Murugan malitere na 2015 mgbe Khanna, onye jere ozi dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ, zutere akụkọ ya mgbe ọ na-eme nyocha maka kọlụm na The Times of India. N'ịbụ onye nnọgidesi ike na mkpebi siri ike ya kpaliri ma kpaliri, o dere banyere ya n'akwụkwọ ya, The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad (2016). <ref name="news">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/why-king-bollywood-akshay-kumar-making-movie-about-menstruation-and-pads-730525|title=Why King of Bollywood Akshay Kumar Made A Movie About Menstruation|author=Jones|first=Abigail|work=News Room|date=19 December 2017|accessdate=25 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116075533/http://www.newsweek.com/why-king-bollywood-akshay-kumar-making-movie-about-menstruation-and-pads-730525|archivedate=16 January 2018}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2017, Sony Pictures ghọrọ onye na-ekesa ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụwa niile. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/11/14/hollywoods-sony-pictures-joins-akshay-kumars-padman-as-global-distributor/#550ddd1e1135|title=Hollywood's Sony Pictures Joins Akshay Kumar's 'Padman' As Global Distributor|author=Cain|first=Rob|work=Forbes|accessdate=23 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> Isi foto malitere na 14 Machị. <ref name="day1">{{Cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/padman-akshay-kumar-twinkle-khanna-first-day-shooting/1/903617.html|title=SEE PIC: Akshay begins shooting for Padman, wife Twinkle joins him on the sets|work=[[India Today]]|date=14 March 2017|accessdate=26 December 2017}}</ref> E sere ihe ka ukwuu n'ihe nkiri ahụ na obere obodo Maheshwar n'akụkụ Osimiri Narmada na Madhya Pradesh. Mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ gwụchara na India, ndị otu ahụ gara New York City ebe a na-ese ihe nkiri dị mkpa na Times Square na Lincoln Center, [1] yana n'Isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations. Muruganantham na R. Balki, Kumar na Khanna rụkọrọ ọrụ na setịpụrụ na India, na-ahụ na nkọwa ọ bụla ziri ezi site n'otú o si wuo igwe ya, na otu esi arụ ọrụ ya, ọbụlagodi ọnọdụ nke ya.[1]<ref name="news" /> E bu ụzọ hazie ka Pad Man meghee na sinima na 25 Jenụwarị 2018, n'oge Republic Day. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Akshay Kumar's Pad Man to now release on January 25|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/050118/akshay-kumars-padman-to-now-release-on-january-25.html|accessdate=12 January 2018|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=5 January 2018}}</ref> E mechara wepụta ihe nkiri ahụ na India na 9 Febụwarị 2018, si otú a bụrụ ihe nkiri Hindi mbụ e gosipụtara na ụlọ ọrụ Russia na ụbọchị mbụ ya.<ref name="9feb">{{Cite news|url=http://hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-ZcJ5bLUeGxk7xeuk6XLhMM.html|title=PadMan not to clash with Padmaavat, Akshay Kumar's film postponed to February 9|date=19 January 2018|accessdate=21 January 2018|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na azụmahịa ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma karịsịa na India na China, na ngụkọta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ₹ 207.73 crore. Ọ meriri National Film Award maka Best Film on Other Social Issues . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/02/08/583640537/pad-man-is-a-bollywood-movie-about-a-man-and-his-menstrual-pads|title=The Man Who Inspired A Menstrual Pad Movie|work=NPR.org|language=en|accessdate=22 July 2019}}</ref> == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Akshay Kumar dị ka Lakshmikant Chauhan, onye dabeere na onye ọchụnta ego Arunachalam Muruganantham * Sonam Kapoor dị ka Pari Walia (ọdịdị pụrụ iche) * Radhika Apte dị ka Gayatri Chauhan, dabere na Shanthi Muruganantham * Jyoti Subhash dị ka Subhadra Chauhan * Mrinmayee Godbole dị ka Sonali Chauhan * Parul Chouhan dị ka Jyoti Chauhan * Soumya Vyas dị ka Aabha Chauhan * Yogesh Shreekant Pandey dị ka Babloo Rajput * A. R. Rama dị ka Hariya Rajvansh * Himika Bose dị ka Sonali Kumari * Mrudul Satam dị ka Tinku Varma * Riva Bubber dị ka Asha Varma * Rakesh Chaturvedi dị ka Prọfesọ Sanjeev Sharma * Wahib Kapadia dị ka Manas Sharma * Rajesh Tiwari dị ka Moneylender * Urmila Mahanta dị ka Savitri Modi * Suneel Sinha dị ka Prọfesọ Tejas Walia * [[Amitabh Bachchan]] na-apụta dị ka onwe ya na onye na-akọ akụkọ na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ == Mmepụta == === Ọganihu === Ihe nkiri a dabeere na ndụ Arunachalam Muruganantham, onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Tamil Nadu nke gbanwere echiche nke [[Ịdị ọcha nke ụmụ nwanyị|ịdị ọcha nke ịhụ nsọ]] n'ime ime obodo India site n'ịmepụta igwe na-adịghị ọnụ ala. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/meet-arunachalam-muruganantham-the-man-who-wore-a-sanitary-pad-to-break-a-taboo/padman-is-here/slideshow/58340285.cms|title=Meet Arunachalam Muruganantham the man who wore a sanitary pad to break a taboo|work=The Economics Times|date=24 April 2017|accessdate=14 September 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padman-first-look-after-building-toilets-akshay-kumar-takes-on-menstrual-hygiene/story-i8NW2x2wVen8gLnJRYgxEP.html|title=Padman first look: After building toilets, Akshay Kumar takes on menstrual hygiene|work=Hinddustan Times|date=3 August 2017|accessdate=15 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padman-akshay-kumar-shares-a-happy-new-poster-reveals-release-date/story-wLzvMKMrwQQe78NoLsRJNJ.html|title=Padman: Akshay Kumar shares a happy new poster, reveals release date|work=Hindustan Times|date=29 October 2017|accessdate=15 December 2017}}</ref> E chepụtara Pad Man ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri mmata na-enweghị ilekwasị anya n'akụkụ azụmahịa. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ isi nke ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ ịbịakwute ndị na-ege ntị iji mee ka a mara ma kpochapụ nkwenkwe ụgha na-ewu ewu na India gbara gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka ihe nkiri Kumar gara aga, Toilet: Ek Prem Katha, ọ tụrụ anya ịkụziri ndị mmadụ, ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ụmụ nwoke, banyere ịdị ọcha nke ịhụ nsọ na ịkwụsị ịkpọ ya ihe ihere ma ọ bụ ihe a machibidoro iwu na ọha mmadụ.<ref name="com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-on-padman-our-aim-is-to-create-awareness-with-the-film-not-earn-money-4269005.html|title=Akshay Kumar on Padman: Our aim is to create awareness with the film, not earn money|date=21 December 2017|accessdate=25 December 2017}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ arịrịọ nye ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ha lekwasị anya na ihe ndị dị ọcha ma mee ka ọ bụrụ iwu n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ.<ref name="news"/> Echiche iji gbanwee ndụ Murugan malitere na 2015 mgbe Twinkle Khanna hụrụ akụkọ ya mgbe ọ na-eme nchọpụta maka kọlụm na The Times of India. N'ịbụ onye nnọgidesi ike na mkpebi siri ike ya kpaliri ma kpaliri, o dere banyere ya n'akwụkwọ ya, The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad (2016). <ref name="news"/> N'otu oge ahụ, a haziri ihe ngosi nke ndụ ya, iji ruo ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị, na-ekwu na "ụwa anyị jupụtara na ndị na-ekiri, ọ bụghị ndị na-agụ". [1] Khanna, onye na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ, kwuru na ọ dọtara mmasị ya na ọrụ ahụ n'ihi isiokwu ya dị mkpa ma a na-eleda ya anya banyere ịhụ nsọ na mkpebi Muruganantham. O kwuru na ndị na-eme ya ga-ewere "nnwere onwe okike" na isiokwu ahụ dịka o mere n'akwụkwọ ya, iji mee ka ọ "na-atọ ụtọ".<ref>{{Cite news|title='Pad Man' to raise awareness about sanitary hygiene: Twinkle|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/603265/pad-man-raise-awareness-sanitary.html|accessdate=21 April 2020|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=26 March 2017}}</ref> R. Balki bụ nhọrọ mbụ Khanna họọrọ ide ma duzie ihe nkiri ahụ. Ọ hụla ọrụ Balki n'oge gara aga ma nwee ekele maka mmetụta ya na ime ihe nkiri.<ref name="1st">{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/twinkle-khanna-akshay-kumar-not-first-choice-padman/|title=Twinkle Khanna: Akshay Kumar Was Not The First Choice For Padman|author=Hiro|first=Sneha|work=Koimoi.com|date=20 December 2017|accessdate=26 December 2017}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2017, Sony Pictures ghọrọ onye na-ekesa ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụwa niile. <ref name=":0"/> jbuhmg9u2p70s757jw0fmddgtug182q 0 45169 728416 723896 2026-09-27T06:07:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Ted Ellis''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1963) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na onye bụbu onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. A maara Ellis nke ọma maka nka na ụdị ejiji ya nke African-American nke na-agwakọta ihe ndị dị na nka ọdịnala, naturalism na Impressionism. E gosipụtara ntụgharị onwe ya nke [[Barack Obama]] na acrylic, ''Obama, Onye isi ala nke iri anọ na anọ'', iji sọpụrụ 2009 Presidential Inauguration. Azụmaahịa nka Ellis ereela ihe karịrị nde 1.75 nke ngwaahịa nka dị mma, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ a ma ama. &nbsp;A makwaara ya maka ọrụ obodo ya, ọkachasị ịkwalite nka na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka. == Ndụ onwe onye na mmalite ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Woodlands_055c.jpg|thumb|Ted Ellis na-emepụta ihe osise.]] A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na New Orleans, [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]], nye nna na-agụ egwú na nne na-elekọta ụlọ, <ref name="citizen">{{Cite news|title=Artist learns from past career|author=Mary Kegg|publisher=[[The Citizen (Clear Lake)|The Citizen]] – [[Clear Lake (region)|Clear Lake, TX]]|date=April 1998}} </ref> <ref name="gdn980322_vision">{{Cite news|title=An Artist's Vision|author=Steve Mayo|publisher=[[The Galveston Daily News]] Lifestyle|date=March 22, 1998}} </ref> Ted Ellis malitere igosi na ọ dị afọ ise. <ref name="irving_news93">{{Cite news|title=IAC to feature appealing artwork|author=Kathy A. Edgar|publisher=[[The Irving News]] Weekender|date=Jan 29 – Feb 4, 1993}} </ref><ref name="class">{{Cite news|title=Art for Art's Sake and Beyond|author=Donolyn Carrol|publisher=Class|date=27 September 1993}}</ref> Mgbalị mbụ Ellis mere n'ihe osise bụ ihe osise nke nkịta sitere na Archie Comics, nke o sere n'ụzọ ziri ezi nke na ndị enyi na ezinụlọ kwenyere na achọpụtala ya.[1] Ka ọ na-etolite, otu n'ime ihe odide kachasị amasị ya iji see bụ ''Wile E. Coyote'', ma dị ka okenye ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enwe mmasị na akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị dị ka "ihe na-enye ume ọhụrụ". [1] <ref name="city_social">{{Cite news|title=Art is Power|author=Rosalind Tuminello|publisher=[[Baton Rouge]] [[City Social]]|date=Feb 2010}} </ref> Mgbe o mere agadi, Ted ga-agba bọs naanị ya gaa n'etiti obodo New Orleans ka a hụ ya ma soro ndị na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ nọrọ oge.<ref name="upscale">{{Cite news|title=Ted Ellis: A Painter with a Purpose|author=Angela P. Moore|publisher=[[Upscale (magazine)|Upscale]]|page=58|date=April 2000}} </ref> Ya na ndị enyi ya ga-asọ mpi n'oge ezumike ha iji hụ onye nwere ike ise ihe osise kachasị mma, Ted wee gaa n'ihu na-azụlite nkà nka ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enweta akara "eju afọ" na klas nka. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, ọ gara mmemme oge okpomọkụ na New Orleans Center for Creative Arts, ma mesịa gaa mmemme mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara na Lawless High School . <ref name="citizen" /> Ellis na-ekwu na ọ maara na ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye na-ese ihe na Klas nke asaa, [1] ma na-eto onye nkuzi ya na klas ahụ maka ilekwasị ya anya.<ref name="irving_news93" /><ref name="upscale" /> == Ọrụ nka == [[Usòrò:TheebaptismII-webc.jpg|thumb|Baptism, ihe osise mbụ Ted Ellis rere n'ọtụtụ ebe.]] Ted Ellis nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na nka nke bu ụzọ rụọ ọrụ nka ya; ọ na-ese ihe n'oge niile ọ nọ na ndị agha na dị ka onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, na-arụkarị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ya.<ref name="citizen" /> E mepụtara ọrụ mbụ ya maka ndị ọrụ ibe ya abụọ na Rollins. Ha chọrọ ịzụta ihe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ya n'oge ahụ, mana ọ jụrụ ma nye ha ihe abụọ yiri ya, nke ha zụrụ maka $ 40.<ref name="southern_living">{{Cite news|title=Art With an Amen|author=Gary D. Ford|publisher=[[Southern Living]] – Texas Living|date=August 2003}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ ya dị ka injinia na 1996, <ref name="gdn980322_vision" /> Ellis meriri ndị ọzọ 500 maka, ma merie, 1998 Walt Disney Studios commission for art iji sọpụrụ Black History Month. E ji mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ mee ihe na emume 1999 na Epcot Center ma gosipụta ya na T-shirts, ihe ncheta-mugs, na posters.<ref name="upscale" /><ref name="gdn070401_hope">{{Cite news|url=|title=Art that brings Hope|author=Sara McDonald|publisher=[[Galveston Daily News]] Lifestyle|date=April 1, 2007}} </ref><ref name="chronicle_purpose" /> === Azụmaahịa nka === [[Usòrò:Prayers_Healsmallc.jpg|thumb|Ekpere Heal na-egosi dọkịta na-awa ahụ nke mechara zụta ya.]] Onye ọchụnta ego Ted Ellis ereela ma ree nka ya n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name="upscale" /> Ọ nọworị na-enweta ego maka nkà okike ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mgbe ụmụ klas ya na ya rere T-shirts ha, nke mbụ nye ndị juniors na ndị okenye nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ha, wee gaa na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dum.<ref name="capital_news" /> Nwunye Ted bụ Erenia, onye na-agbazinye ego, na-elekọta azụmahịa ya, "T. Ellis Art, Incorporated", site na ụlọ ọrụ League City, Texas.<ref name="citizen" /> Ellis ereela ihe karịrị nde 1.75 nke ngwaahịa nka dị mma gafee mba ahụ site na ire ere, ụlọ ngosi nka, ụlọ ahịa katalọgụ, ndị na-ere ahịa nka dị mma, na ikikere, ma na-ere ohere mmekọrịta obodo iji kụziere ma nye obodo ike site n'inye nloghachi kachasị na obere itinye ego.<ref name="upscale" /><ref name="city_social" /><ref name="capital_news">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecapitalnews.com/?p=1065|title=Black Art: Ted Ellis|author=|publisher=The Capital News|date=December 1, 2011}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.thecapitalnews.com/?p=1065 "Black Art: Ted Ellis"]. The Capital News. December 1, 2011.</cite> </ref> &nbsp;N'afọ 2005, ọ bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ikikere nka "Alaska Momma" na ebumnuche nke imeghe ụzọ ahịa ọhụrụ na ụlọ, arịa ụlọ, kalenda, uwe na akwụkwọ.<ref name="gdn051127_katrina">{{Cite news|url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=28e541ec19e06050|title=Artist turns pain of Katrina into art|author=Rachel Hunter|work=[[Galveston Daily News]]|date=November 27, 2005|archive-date=June 29, 2012|access-date=May 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629205527/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=28e541ec19e06050|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-ere ọrụ Ellis site na akwụkwọ ndekọ Army na Air Force Exchange Service ma dị naanị site na Avon's African American Boutique yana akwụkwọ mpịakọta ha.<ref name="citizen" /> [[Usòrò:Surviving_Katrinasmallc.jpg|thumb|''Ịlanarị Katrina'', nke olileanya ọ hụrụ na otu nwoke na-ewulite na New Orleans n'ụbọchị ndị na-esote ajọ ifufe Katrina / nke ọkọlọtọ ya na-anọchite anya mkpa ọ dị mba ahụ ijikọ aka n'azụ ụlọ ndị ahụ.]] === Foto Obama === [[Usòrò:Obamathe44th-web_426x450c.jpg|thumb|Ọtụtụ agba na-anọchite anya ịdị n'otu nke Ellis hụrụ na nraranye nke ''Obama, Onye isi ala nke iri anọ na anọ''.]] Otu n'ime ọrụ Ted Ellis a ma ama bụ ihe ngosi nke akara aka 'olileanya' nke [[Barack Obama]]. Ellis sere onyinyo ahụ iji sọpụrụ nraranye nke onye isi ala Obama na 2008. Na ''Obama, Onye isi ala nke iri anọ na anọ'', Ellis na-eji ágbá acrylic na-acha ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ, odo, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ iji gosipụta Obama dị ka onye na-ejikọ ndị mmadụ n'ofe agba, agbụrụ, na okpukpe. E gosipụtara mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ na Jenụwarị 19, 2009, gala nke National Black Chamber of Commerce na National Newspaper Publishers Association Foundation mere na Embassy of France na Washington, D.C. Ego sitere na mbipụta ndị e dere aha ha na-ere na ihe omume ahụ kwadoro NNPA Foundation na Howard University School of Communications Building Fund (NPA Media Wing).<ref name="crusader">{{Cite news|url=http://chicagocrusader.com/news-detail.aspx?newsid=241|title=Obama painting heads to Washington, D.C.|author=|publisher=[[Gary Crusader]]|date=2009-01-20}} </ref><ref name="city_social" /><ref name="chronicle_purpose">{{Cite news|title=Ted Ellis uses Art to unite, inspire|author=K. Pica Kahn|publisher=[[Houston Chronicle]] – Reflections of the Bay Area|date=March–April 2009}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFK._Pica_Kahn2009">K. Pica Kahn (March–April 2009). "Ted Ellis uses Art to unite, inspire". [[Akụkọ Houston|Houston Chronicle]] – Reflections of the Bay Area.</cite> </ref><ref name="courier">{{Cite news|url=http://courier-pittsburgh.vlex.com/vid/change-celebrated-studded-black-gala-65860086|title=Change Celebrated at Star-Studded Black Press Gala|author=|publisher=[[New Pittsburgh Courier]]|date=September 2, 2009}} </ref><ref name="black_press">{{Cite news|url=https://www.blackpressusa.com/news/Article.asp?SID=3&Title=National+News&NewsID=17448|title=Black Press Inaugural Gala to Benefit NNPA Wing at Howard University|author=NNPA Editor-in-Chief|publisher=[[Historical Black Press Foundation|Black Press USA]]|date=2009-01-20|archive-date=2011-09-07|access-date=2024-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907140539/http://www.blackpressusa.com/news/Article.asp?SID=3&Title=National+News&NewsID=17448|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rollingout">{{Cite news|url=http://rollingout.com/entertainment/artist-ted-ellis-talks-about-the-purpose-behind-tedism-and-supporting-the-arts/|title=Artist Ted Ellis Talks About the Purpose Behind 'Tedism' and Supporting the Arts|author=Alexandria Green|publisher=rollingout.com|date=2011-04-21}} </ref><ref name="gdn090619_history">{{Cite news|url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story/139540|title=Art exhibit showcases African-American history|author=Bronwyn Turner|work=[[Galveston Daily News]]|date=June 19, 2009}} </ref> Ellis na-ekwu na ịhụnanya na mmetụta na nka ya na New Orleans na ọdịbendị ya bara ọgaranya nke ihe okike. O jiri obodo ahụ tụnyere ebe a na-azụ ụmụ okorobịa nwere nkà. Obodo ahụ nyere klọb nka Ted na ohere ịmepụta mgbidi maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na ịmepụta ihe ịrịba ama maka ihe omume pụrụ iche. New Orleans nyere ya ohere maka klas nka, mmemme nka oge okpomọkụ, na Jackson Square, ebe ọ nwere ike ịgwa okwu ma mata ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe.<ref name="capital_news"/> == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == [[Usòrò:Ellisatmuseum.JPG|thumb|E gosipụtara ọrụ Ellis na ma na-egosi ya na ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.]] E gosipụtara nka Ellis na 1992 na 1993 maka Black History Month na Irving Arts Center na Irving, Texas, nso Dallas.<ref name="irving_news93" /><ref name="gpn">Black History Month has diverse celebrations Pennie Boyett and Laurie Barnett ''The Grand Prairie News – Weekender'' Jan. 31 Feb. 6 1992</ref> Ihe ngosi nke 1993, Realism, Symbolism, and Abstraction: Images from the African American Experience, jikọtara aka gosipụta onye na-ese ihe [[Albert M. Shaw]].<ref name="class" /><ref name="artimes">Black History month exhibition featured at IAC ''ARTimes'' February 1993</ref> A họpụtara Ellis ka o mepụta Walt Disney World 1998 ncheta Black History Poster. Ewezuga nke ahụ, ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe maka ncheta afọ 50 nke Bloody Sunday maka obodo Selma, Alabama. Ted bụ onye nnọchi anya nka maka obodo na obodo Galveston, <ref name="free">{{Cite news|url=http://www.galvnews.com/news/free/article_34a520a4-3414-11e5-a42e-3f8a83243c43.html|title='Free at Last' returns to Galveston|date=July 27, 2015|work=Galveston County: The Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523162416/https://www.galvnews.com/news/free/article_34a520a4-3414-11e5-a42e-3f8a83243c43.html|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> TX na-eme emume ncheta afọ 150 nke Juneteenth na-egosi na US Capitol na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]]. <ref name="june">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tellisfineart.com/nationally-celebrated-juneteenth-freedom-project-artist-ted-ellis-exhibits/|title=AMERICAN SLAVERY EXHIBITION AT COLLEGE OF THE MAINLAND GALLERY|date=June 26, 2015}}</ref> == Echiche banyere nka ndị Africa America == N'otu kọlụm e bipụtara na Images Magazine, Ted Ellis na-akpọ ndị ọgbọ na-eto eto nke ndị na-ese ihe ojii ka ha mata ihe isi ike na-eche ihu na mgbalị nke ọgbọ gara aga nke ndị na'ese ihe ojii iji dozie ụzọ maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ iji nwee ike ịga nke ọma, na ime ya na obere ihe isi ike. <ref name="upscale" /><ref name="images">''[[Images Magazine]]'' Volume II Number 4. Perspectives. Ted Ellis. 1993</ref> Ọ na-ekwu na ndị Afrịka-Amerịka ka na-anọghị n'ime ndị isi, n'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ndị na-ese ihe ojii na-eche echiche ego, na ọgbọ dị ugbu a ka na-enweta obere ego karịa ka o kwesịrị. Ellis gara n'ihu na-enye ọrụ ụfọdụ na ụwa agụmakwụkwọ nke ọ na-ahụ ka ọ naghị elebara ụdị ahụ anya.<ref name="capital_news"/> == Edensibia == . [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ln942x99aefhdrhodex5gig7z9624ea 0 45333 728451 170032 2026-09-27T09:56:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|website=<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->}} Valerie Cassel Oliver bụ onye na-ahụ maka nka ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke ugbu a na Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA).  Na mbụ, ọ bụ onye isi ụzọ na Contemporary Arts Museum Houston (CAMH) na Texas .  Ọrụ Cassel na-akpa anya na nnochite anya, nsonye na pụta ndị nka nka sitere na n'ibu kpatara nsogbu na eze dị iche iche. == Ndụ mbido == Oliver tolitere na Houston, wee gaa Mahadum Texas na Austin na ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Howard .  [1] O jikwa akara ugo EMBA na Columbia Business School <ref>{{Cite web|author=Relations|first=Bard Public|title=Valerie Cassel Oliver to Receive 2022 Audrey Irmas Award for Curatorial Excellence from CCS Bard|url=https://www.bard.edu/news/details/?id=18349&prefurl=valerie-cassel-oliver-to-receive-2022-audrey-irmas-award-for-curatorial-excellence-from-ccs-bard-2022-02-01|accessdate=2022-04-30|work=www.bard.edu|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Oliver bụ mmemme na-ahụ maka inye onyinye maka National Endowment for Arts site na 1988 ruo 1995. [1] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago afọ ise na-eduzi mmemme ndị nka ike.  [2] N'afọ 2000, ọ bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Whitney Biennial .  [3] Oliver sonyeere CAMH na 2000 dị ka onye egwu na-akpa mmasị ma kwalite ya ka ọ bụrụ onye àmà zuru oke na 2006, mgbe ahụ, onye isi nri na 2010. [2] N'oge ahụ Cassel Oliver nyere aka chepụta ọtụtụ  Ihe ngosi nlegharị anya nke ọma akpọ Radical Presence: Black Performance in Contemporary Art (2012) na Cinema Remixed and Reloaded: Black Women Artists and the Moving Image (2008).  [1] [4] Na June 2017, o sonyeere na Virginia Museum of Fine Art dị ka onye na-ahụ maka nka ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke ugbu a, [5] akwụkwọla ihe ngosi mbụ nke Oliver na VMFA maka January 2019, na-  egosi onye na-ese ihe Howardena Pindell yana ya na Naomi Beckwith nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka .  nke Contemporary Art na Chicago <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/id=68827|title=Valerie Cassel Oliver Named Curator of Modern and Contemporary Art at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts|date=June 3, 2017|work=Art Forum|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-07-17|archivedate=2018-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102191443/https://www.artforum.com/news/id=68827}}</ref> Ọ nchịkọta onye nchịkọta nke Benezit Dictionary of Artists na Jenụwarị 2020. === Nkwanye ugwu === Na 2006, Oliver meri Getty Curatorial Research Fellowship.  [1] N'afọ 2011, ọ meri ihe nrite David C. Driskell sitere na Atlanta's High Museum of Art, [2] ihe nrite $25,000 na-amata onyunyo nke onye na-ese ihe ma ọ bụ onye na-ese n'okirikiri.  nke nka nke ndị Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Driskell Prize|url=https://www.high.org/Support/Driskell-Prize|work=www.high.org|publisher=High Museum of Art|accessdate=31 May 2017|archivedate=6 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606035324/http://www.high.org/Support/Driskell-Prize}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Cochran|first=Rebecca Dimling|title=Houston curator Valerie Cassel Oliver on Atlanta, Driskell Prize, "Atlanta Art Now"|url=http://artsatl.com/houston-curator-valerie-cassell-oliver-on-atlanta-driskell-prize-atlanta-art-now/|accessdate=31 May 2017|work=ArtsATL|date=20 May 2011}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi === * ''Ndịda ruru unyi: Art Contemporary, Omenala ihe onwunwe, na mkpali Sonic'', VMFA, Richmond, Virginia, 2021 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-06|title=The Dirty South: Contemporary Art, Material Culture, and the Sonic Impulse - Exhibitions|url=https://vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/dirty-south-contemporary-art-material-culture-sonic-impulse/|accessdate=2023-02-24|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Cassel Oliver|first=Valerie|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1249798864|title=The dirty south : contemporary art, material culture, and the sonic impulse|date=2021|others=Regina N. Bradley, Charlie R. Braxton, Andrea Barnwell Brownlee, Kirsten Pai Buick, Jennifer Burris, Rhea L. Combs, Park McArthur, DJ Spooky That Subliminal Kid, Fred Moten, Anthony B. Pinn, Guthrie P. Ramsey, Roger Reeves, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Contemporary Arts Museum, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Museum of Contemporary Art/Denver|isbn=978-1-934351-19-2|location=Richmond, Virginia|oclc=1249798864}}</ref> * ''[[Angel Otero]] : Ihe niile na ihe ọ bụla'', CAMH, Houston, TX, 2016 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Glentzer|first=Molly|date=December 16, 2016|title=Artist Angel Otero's experimental layering creates works full of dimension|work=Houston Chronicle|url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/arts-theater/article/Artist-Angel-Otero-s-experimental-layering-10801867.php|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> * ''Ugbu a, ugbu a: Houston, Mpịakọta 2'', CAMH, Houston, TX, 2016 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Glentzer|first=Molly|date=August 26, 2016|title=Show of force: CAMH spotlights hometown trio in solo retrospectives|work=Houston Chronicle|url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/article/Show-of-force-CAMH-spotlights-hometown-trio-in-9187232.php|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> * ''Jennie C. Jones : Nchịkọta'', CAMH, Houston, TX, 2015 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sargent|first=Antwuan|date=January 10, 2016|title=Sound Paintings Tell Stories of the Black Avant-Garde|language=en-us|work=Creators|publisher=Vice|url=https://creators.vice.com/en_us/article/jones-acoustic-sound-painting|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> * ''[[Trenton Doyle Hancock]] : Akpụkpọ ahụ na Ọkpụkpụ, Afọ 20 nke Ịse Ihe'', 2014 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Glentzer|first=Molly|date=April 25, 2014|title=Trenton Doyle Hancock's drawings on view at CAMH|work=Houston Chronicle|url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/arts-theater/article/Trenton-Doyle-Hancock-s-drawings-on-view-at-CAMH-5430627.php|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> * ''Ọnụnọ nke Radical: Arụmọrụ ojii na nka nke oge a'', 2013 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=William S.|date=September 13, 2013|title=Valerie Cassel Oliver talks Black Performance Art - Interviews|work=Art in America Magazine|url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/interviews/valerie-cassel-oliver-talks-black-performance-art/|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Lennard|first=Debra|date=25 November 2013|title=The Radical Boundaries of African-American Performance|work=Hyperallergic|url=https://hyperallergic.com/95314/the-radical-boundaries-of-african-american-performance/|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nguyen|first=Stacey|date=18 June 2015|title='Radical Presence' radiates spirit of contemporary black performance art|work=The Daily Californian|url=http://www.dailycal.org/2015/06/18/radical-presence-radiates-spirit-contemporary-black-performance-art/|accessdate=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407023849/http://www.dailycal.org/2015/06/18/radical-presence-radiates-spirit-contemporary-black-performance-art/|archive-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Aka+mere: Mmetụta Na-arụ Ọrụ na nka na nka'', 2010 <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Britt|first=Douglas|date=16 August 2010|title=CAMH names Valerie Cassel Oliver senior curator|work=Houston Chronicle|url=http://blog.chron.com/peep/2010/08/camh-names-valerie-cassel-oliver-senior-curator/|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> * ''Benjamin Patterson: Amụrụ na steeti FLUX/anyị'', 2010 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Walls|first=Seth Colter|date=2 July 2016|title=Benjamin Patterson: the Fluxus artist who composed with ants|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jul/02/benjamin-patterson-fluxus-artist-composed-ants|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> * ''Cinema Remixed & Bugharịa: Ndị Ojii Women Artists na ihe onyonyo na-agagharị kemgbe 1970'', 2007 <ref name=":0" /> * ''Ìhè ojii/Ọcha Ọcha'', 2007 * ''Amamihe ugboro abụọ : nka echiche ojii kemgbe 1970'', 2005 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Maus|first=Derek C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fYaBwAAQBAJ&q=Valerie+Cassel+Oliver&pg=PA8|title=Post-Soul Satire: Black Identity after Civil Rights|date=2014-07-07|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|isbn=9781617039980|pages=8|language=en}}</ref> * ''Splat Boom Pow!'' ''Mmetụta nke eserese eserese na Art Contemporary Art'' , 2003 == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rd5pklkw0lvxlcl4acq49cuzqdibumu 0 45637 728388 723734 2026-09-27T03:25:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728388 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Socrate Safo''' bụ onye nduzi Ghana, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, na onye isi maka nka nka na National Commission on Culture (NCC) na Ghana. Ọ bụ onye ama ama na Ghallywood na onye isi Move Africa Productions. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sika|first=Delali|title=Movie industry woes our own fault - Socrate Safo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/movie-industry-woes-our-own-fault-socrate-safo.html|date=2 January 2020|accessdate=19 March 2020|work=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Safo malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ n'ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ nọ na mbụ ọzụzụ ka ọ bụrụ onye na-arụzi ụgbọala. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ na-ese ihe nkiri 1992 ''Ghost Tears'' ya, bụ nke ghọrọ ọganihu azụmahịa. <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Guneratne|title=Rethinking Third Cinema|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-203-63758-5}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ nyeere aka ịsụ ụzọ ụdị ihe nkiri ghost nke Ghana. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Garritano|first=Carmela|title=The Materiality of Genre: Analog and Digital Ghosts in Video Movies from Ghana|journal=The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry|date=April 2017|volume=4|issue=2|pages=191–206|doi=10.1017/pli.2017.12|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-journal-of-postcolonial-literary-inquiry/article/abs/materiality-of-genre-analog-and-digital-ghosts-in-video-movies-from-ghana/1BFA25A91DBF146DE91642D2B1F2FF57|accessdate=27 September 2022}}</ref> Safo bụ onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke [[Film Producers Association of Ghana|otu ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri nke Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dadson|first=Nanabanyin|title=We are sorry - Filmmakers say|journal=Graphic Showbiz|date=16 December 2010|issue=653|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uAUfZkf2ChcC|accessdate=19 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> O gosipụtara nke ọma na akwụkwọ akụkọ 2011 VICE ''The Sakawa Boys'', nke kwuru banyere mmetụta Safo nwere na ngagharị Sakawa na Ghana. Safo na-ekwu na ya mere ihe karịrị 100 ihe nkiri n'etiti 1988 na ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ. Na June 2017, a họpụtara Safo ka ọ bụrụ onye isi maka nka nka na NCC. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Dadzie|first=Kwame|title=Socrate Safo gets Commission for National Culture appointment|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/06/socrate-safo-gets-commission-for-national-culture-appointment/|work=Citi 97.3 FM|accessdate=19 March 2020|date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319043151/http://citifmonline.com/2017/06/socrate-safo-gets-commission-for-national-culture-appointment/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na mbụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ ukwu na NCC. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Socrate Safo Finally Gets Letter As Director @ Commission On Culture|url=http://www.entertainmentgh.com/news/noise-socrate-safo-finally-gets-letter-director-commission-culture/|work=Entertainment Ghana|accessdate=19 March 2020|date=12 June 2017|archive-date=3 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303202453/http://www.entertainmentgh.com/news/noise-socrate-safo-finally-gets-letter-director-commission-culture/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Mee 2020, [[Barbara Oteng Gyasi]] họpụtara Safo ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche kọmitii nhazi ihe nkiri, nke hibere n'okpuru [[National Film Authority of Ghana]] . Ebumnuche nke kọmitii a bụ ịhazi na kwalite ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Ghana. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Socrate Safo: We will protect the future|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/entertainment/213094/Socrate-Sarfo-We-will-protect-the-future|accessdate=22 July 2020|work=BusinessGhana|date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Attractive|first=Mustapha|title=Film Classification Committee To Be Inaugurated On Thursday|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/63375/film-classification-committee-to-be-inaugurated.html|accessdate=22 July 2020|work=Modern Ghana|date=May 9, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Na 2021, o kwuputara ịla ezumike nka na ịse ihe nkiri. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Acquah|first=Edward|title=Socrate Safo announces retirement from filmmaking with 'Tun-Tum' movie|url=https://myrepubliconline.com/socrate-safo-announces-retirement-from-filmmaking-with-tun-tum-movie/|accessdate=28 September 2022|work=Republic Online|date=26 April 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Afọ ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Nhazi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ihe nrite ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ọrụ ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Nsonaazụ |- | 2010 |{{center|[[Ghana Movie Awards]]}} |{{center|Best Directing - English}} |{{center|''Adults Only''}}|| {{center|{{Nominated}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dadson |first1=Nanabanyin |title=Ghana Movie Awards |journal=Graphic Showbiz |date=2 December 2010 |issue=651 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gH3EIf9hmREC |accessdate=19 March 2020 |publisher=Graphic Communications Group |language=en}}</ref>}} |- |} == Ntụaka == ọrụ mba ụwa na gọọmentị dị ka ''oge anwụghị anwụ'' nke [[European Union]] na [[Ọchịchị French|gọọmentị France]] kwadoro.{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7389039/?ref_=nmbio_emt_1 Socrate Safo na IMDb] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7g0eowfioxl3its2kc81usjtchd9kii 0 45854 728397 723778 2026-09-27T04:06:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Stefan Smit''' (amụrụ 10 Febrụwarị 1990, Johannesburg, [[South Africa]] ), bụ onye omenkà mara mma nke South Africa. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Oil Paint & Aerosols: Stefan Smit Creates Magic in Any Medium|author=Times Live|date=2 December 2018|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/home-and-gardening/2018-12-02-oil-paints--aerosols-artist-stefan-smit-creates-magic-in-any-medium/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Between Chaos And Order|author=Arena Holdings Media Portal|date=2020|url=https://businessmediamags.co.za/xfeature/between-chaos-order/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Shared Humanity – Take a Peek at Cape Town’s Public Art Pieces!|author=Brent Lindeque, Good Things Guy|date=7 April 2022|url=https://www.goodthingsguy.com/lifestyle/shared-humanity-take-a-peek-at-cape-towns-public-art-pieces/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=South African visual artist Stefan Smit takes Covid-19-inspired art works to L.A Art Show|author=City Life Arts|date=30 July 2021|url=https://citylifearts.co.za/south-african-visual-artist-stefan-smit-takes-covid-19-inspired-art-works-to-l-a-art-show/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Group Exhibitions at 99 Loop Gallery|author=Cape Town Etc.|date=22 January 2016|url=https://www.capetownetc.com/archive/group-exhibitions-at-99-loop-gallery/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Love All Things Art|author=Northcliffe Melville Times|date=14 April 2015|url=https://northcliffmelvilletimes.co.za/196540/love-all-things-art/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=INTERVIEW: The local graffiti artists who painted the spirit of Showmax|author=Buntu Fihla|date=12 February 2019|url=https://stories.showmax.com/interview-the-local-graffiti-artists-who-painted-the-spirit-of-showmax/|archive-date=8 February 2023|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208140418/https://stories.showmax.com/interview-the-local-graffiti-artists-who-painted-the-spirit-of-showmax/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Stefan Smit Digital Anaolg|author=Street Art Cities|date=30 March 2020|url=https://streetartcities.com/cities/capetown/markers/33029?legacyorig=%2Fartworks%2Fdigital-analog-33029}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Look! The epic new art murals in Cape Town – complete and ready to provoke thoughts|author=Cape Town Etc|date=28 March 2022|url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/look-the-epic-new-art-murals-in-cape-town-complete-and-ready-to-provoke-thoughts/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Meet Stefan Smit|author=Baz-Art|url=https://baz-art.co.za/what-we-do/online-gallery/the-artists/stefan-smit#:~:text=Stefan%20Smit%20is%20a%20South,Records%2C%20MTN%2C%20and%20Discovery.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502181053/https://baz-art.co.za/what-we-do/online-gallery/the-artists/stefan-smit#:~:text=Stefan%20Smit%20is%20a%20South,Records%2C%20MTN%2C%20and%20Discovery.|archive-date=2025-05-02|access-date=2024-05-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Amụrụ na 1990 na Johannesburg, South Africa, Smit zụlitere n'ezinụlọ nwere okike. Nna ya, Etienne Smit, bụ onye edemede dere akwụkwọ akụkọ ma rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri. Nne nne Stefan, Mona Smit, na nwanne nna, Ben Smit, bụ ndị nka. Mmetụta okike ndị a rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nzụlite Stefan. Ka ọ na-erule afọ iri, Smit amalitela ịrụ ọrụ na nchịkọta ihe osise na eserese ya nke ọ ka nwere taa. Na iri na itoolu, Smit gara Campus Of Performing Arts ka ọ mụọ piano oge gboo, n'oge niile ọ na-akwalite nka nka site na ịga ọmụmụ ihe osise ndụ n'ụlọ ezumezu obodo dị na Johannesburg. Na 2012, Smit hapụrụ ọrụ ya na egwu iji rara onwe ya nye ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe mara mma. Ka afọ iri gachara na Johannesburg, Smit kwagara Cape Town na 2022. == Ọrụ na isiokwu == Dị ka onye South Africa, Smit emetụtala ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na omenala dị iche iche na obodo ya. Isi okwu kachasị na ọrụ Smit bụ njikọ mmadụ na anya anụ ahụ, akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ mmetụta mmetụta n'etiti ndị mmadụ na-adọta ha ọnụ ma ọ bụ kewapụ ha. N'okwu ya nke echiche ndị a, Smit na-enyocha ọdịdị njikọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi na nke okike na ọnọdụ uche na nke mmetụta uche nke ndị mmadụ n'ime ha <ref>{{Cite news|title=Featured Artist - Stefan Smit|author=Hamilton’s Property Portfolio|date=15 July 2019|url=https://www.hamiltons.co.za/news/featured-artist-stefan-smit/}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == 2022: * Ihe ngosi Obere nke afọ 32 - Abend Gallery, USA * 'International Public Art Festival' <ref>{{Cite news|title=Stefan Smit Digital Anaolg|author=Street Art Cities|date=30 March 2020|url=https://streetartcities.com/cities/capetown/markers/33029?legacyorig=%2Fartworks%2Fdigital-analog-33029}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=The International Public Art Festival 2022|author=ShelfLife|date=2022|url=https://www.shelflife.co.za/magazine/the-international-public-art-festival-2022}}</ref> - Cape Town 2021: * Ihe ngosi Obere obere nke afọ 31 - Abend Gallery, USA * Ihe ngosi nka LA - USA * Ihe ngosi '5 X 5' - Abend Gallery, USA * 'Ihe atụ nke oge a' - Abend Gallery, USA 2020: * Ihe ngosi '5 X 5' - Abend Gallery, USA * Ihe ngosi 'BOUND' Solo <ref>{{Cite news|title=Stefan Smit Presents his Art Exhibition|author=Show Me South Africa|date=24 August 2020|url=https://showme.co.za/lifestyle/video-stefan-smit-presents-his-art-exhibition-bound/|archive-date=2 May 2025|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502181159/https://showme.co.za/lifestyle/video-stefan-smit-presents-his-art-exhibition-bound/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Watch Stefan Smit’s Short Film About His Latest Exhibition “Bound”|author=SA Creative|date=28 August 2020|url=https://sacreative.co.za/watch-stefan-smits-short-film-about-his-latest-exhibition-bound/}}</ref> - Abend Gallery, USA * 'Ihe ngosi obere ọrụ' - Abend Gallery, USA * 'Obere ihe ngosi nke afọ 30' - Abend Gallery, USA * 'International Public Art Festival' <ref>{{Cite news|title=Streetart – Stefan Smit @ Cape Town, South Africa|author=Barbara Picci|date=19 April 2022|url=https://barbarapicci.com/2022/04/19/streetart-stefan-smit-cape-town-south-africa/}}</ref> - Cape Town 2019: * 'Onwe nchekwube' - Lizamore Gallery, Johannesburg * 'Greyscale' - Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ, Pretoria * 'Nnụnụ' - ajari na Vrede Gallery, Cape Town * 'Fases' <ref>{{Cite news|title=Art on Avenues new group exhibition titled ‘(f)ases’|author=MapMyWay|date=26 June 2019|url=https://mapmyway.co.za/art-on-avenues-new-group-exhibition-titled-fases/}}</ref> - Art na Avenues, Somerset West 2018: * Ihe ngosi 'CURB' Solo <ref>{{Cite news|title=Curb: A solo exhibition by Stefan Smit|author=Creative Feel|date=27 November 2018|url=https://creativefeel.co.za/2018/11/curb-a-solo-exhibition-by-stefan-smit/|archive-date=4 December 2023|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204134745/https://creativefeel.co.za/2018/11/curb-a-solo-exhibition-by-stefan-smit/|url-status=dead}}</ref> - GTC, Johannesburg 2017: * Ihe ngosi otu - Osisi One11, Cape Town * Ihe ngosi Co-Solo 'Enweghị aha' - Bruuns Galeri, Denmark * Ihe ngosi Rotary - Hyde Park, Johannesburg * Ọrụ Gavin - Johannesburg * Joburg Fringe Fair - Johannesburg * Ụlọ ọrụ akpa - Johannesburg * Gallery Daville Baillee - Johannesburg == Ntụaka == na nchịkọta ihe osise na eserese ya nke ọ ka nwere taa. Na iri na itoolu, Smit gara Campus Of Performing Arts ka ọ mụọ piano oge{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mf8gf1c75q85t3agjbd2qdmpeth5fxv 0 45885 728455 207761 2026-09-27T10:11:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Vernon Ethelbert Grant''' (February 14, 1935 - July 23, 2006) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke mere Akwụkwọ akụkọ eserese, a makwaara ya maka usoro akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị ya, The Love Rangers . A na-akpọkarị ya '''Vern Grant''', a na-ekwukarị na ọ bụ onye mbụ webatara ụzọ anya na echiche nke Japanese manga n'ime ihe nkiri Bekee.<ref>Stewart, Bhob. "Screaming Metal", ''The Comics Journal'' #94 (October 1984).</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Dị ka nwatakịrị, Grant malitere inweta ego site na ise ihe nkiri maka kaadị ụbọchị ọmụmụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Rindge Technical High School na Cambridge, Massachusetts, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ otu afọ na Boston na Vesper George School of Art wee sonye na ndị agha na 1958 mgbe ọ dị afọ 23. Mgbe ọ na-eje ozi na ndị agha ihe karịrị afọ iri, ọ bụ onye isi ndị agha, e mechara chụọ ya na ọkwa Captain mgbe ọ gachara njem Vietnam abụọ. Ọzụzụ na Europe dị ka onye isi ihe, ọ gụrụ Japanese na French. Ọ natara ọzụzụ mwakpo ikuku na parachute na Officer Candidate School na Fort Benning, Georgia. Na June 1966, e nyere ya ihe nrite Army Commendation Medal maka ọrụ dị mma na Japan dị ka osote onye ọrụ ozi na onye ọrụ ozi. Na Vietnam, na Febụwarị 4, 1967, ọ ghọrọ onye isi na [[Ho Chi Minh City|Saigon]] nke ndị uwe ojii 400 nke First Signal Brigade, na-enye nchebe maka ebe nkwurịta okwu 23 Vietnam, ọrụ na-achọ ụgbọ elu helikopta ugboro ugboro. Na Tokyo, ebe Grant bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri maka Stars and Stripes, ọ zụlitere mmasị siri ike na ndị na-eme ihe ọchị na Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wkow.com/story/30453119/2015/11/06/local-woman-honors-husbands-military-service-by-publishing-his-passion|title=Local woman honors husband's military service by publishing his - WKOW 27: Madison, WI Breaking News, Weather and Sports|author=Savanna Tomei|date=6 November 2015|work=wkow.com|accessdate=28 May 2024|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234528/http://www.wkow.com/story/30453119/2015/11/06/local-woman-honors-husbands-military-service-by-publishing-his-passion}}</ref> O dekwara ma dọrọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee nke Japan, gụnyere ''Mainichi Daily News''.   N'afọ 1972, Grant zutere Betsy Reese, onye bụkwa nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Sophia. <ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=751504 Grant, Betsy. "A return to the river," ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'', May 17, 2008.]</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Cambridge, ha lụkwara n'April 28, 1978. Nwa nwa nke onye ọsụ ụzọ Wisconsin na-ese foto ala H. H. Bennett, Betsy Reese Grant bụ onye dere The Bennett Story: The Life and Work of Henry Hamilton Bennett, nke H.H. Bennett Studio Foundation, Inc. bipụtara na 1991. == Akwụkwọ akụkọ eserese na The Love Rangers''Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ịhụnanya'' == N'ime afọ ndị ọ biri na Japan, Grant dere ma see ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ eserese, gụnyere mpịakọta abụọ nke ndị agha, Point-Man Palmer na A Monster is Loose in Tokyo (Tuttle, 1972) banyere ndụ onye mba ọzọ na Japan. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Cambridge, o sere akara ya nke 15 Computer Cartoons postcard, nke a na-ere na ụlọ ahịa onyinye nke Boston's Computer Museum. O mepụtara The Love Rangers, usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị ya na-atọ ọchị banyere ndị ọrụ mbara igwe nwere agbụrụ na-agagharị na mbara igwe. N'agbata afọ 1977 na 1988, Grant bipụtara mbipụta asaa nke The Love Rangers na 36-page, 51⁄2"x81⁄2" format. Betsy Grant kọwapụtara ihe ndabere na atụmatụ nke The Love Rangers:<blockquote>Usoro a na-agbaso ndụ na njem nke ọtụtụ ndị isi, ndị robot na ndị otu ndị na-ahụ maka ịhụnanya na-ebi na ụgbọ elu a na-akpọ "Home". Ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ, na-ebi mmadụ 35,000 na okpukpu asaa ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị na-eme n'akụkọ ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ụgbọ ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime Ihe ndị na-egosi na akwụkwọ ya na-atọ ọchị na-ewere ebe na mbara ala ha na-eleta ... Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere agbụrụ dị iche iche, onye isi ụgbọ mmiri nwoke na nwanyị na-achịkwa ụgbọ mmiri ahụ bụ ndị na-ekere òkè n'otu n'otu na ọrụ niile. Otu n'ime ndị isi bụ Princess Tomi, onye na-eduga ya na ndị Mice People n'ọgụ ha na Owls maka ndụ. E nwere robọt na ngwaọrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ Vernon mepụtara, ole na ole n'ime ha emeghị maka ndị agha US ruo mgbe ihe dị ka afọ iri ruo afọ iri na ise gachara mgbe Vernon etinyelarị ha n'ime usoro a. Dị ka Vernon si kwuo, "ọrụ ha na nke nnukwu ụgbọ elu ha bụ ime mgbanwe udo n'ọnọdụ ndị dị oke egwu site na iji Ịhụnanya. " Ihe na-eme ka ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dị ike bụ mmetụta nke esemokwu na ịkpọasị nke sitere n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke eluigwe na ala. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị Love Rangers ga-eji ngwá agha na-achịkwa ndị bi na mbara ala dị iche iche ha na-eleta, mana ha na-anwa ibu ụzọ jiri "gas ịhụnanya" ha gbanwee ụzọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. N'akwụkwọ nke mbụ, gas ịhụnanya na-enyere aka ịgbanwe uche Count Ratalus site n'inwe ọchịchọ igbu ọchụ iji jupụta uche ya na nghọta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme yana usoro ebumpụta ụwa nke okike. Mgbe nke a mere, "olulu ọmịiko mmadụ na-ekpuchi omume obi ọjọọ ya. " Ọ na-egbochi onwe ya igbu Prince Tug, ha wee gaa rụọ ọrụ n'udo maka imeziwanye ndị mmadụ na ibi n'udo na ndị iro ha, ndị Owls.</blockquote> == Nwoke Marathon == Dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ marathon, Grant bụ onye a ma ama na Boston Marathon kwa afọ. Ọ gwụchara ngụkọta nke 33 marathons, nwunye ya so ya gbaa ọsọ na ọsọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Mgbe Pulp gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ chetara, "Mgbe anyị laghachiri America, anyị mere ọtụtụ ọsọ. N'ezie, anyị na-agba ọsọ n'ógbè nke ihe karịrị kilomita 3,500 n'afọ ruo ihe karịrị afọ 25. Mgbe m na-agbapụ, ọtụtụ echiche na-apụta n'isi m, mgbe m nwetara ohere ịnọdụ ala, etinye m ha na akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ n'otu n'ime ọsọ ya kwa ụbọchị ka ọ nwere nkụchi obi na July 7, 2006, na-emerụ isi ya mgbe ọ dara. Ọ dara n'ọnọdụ coma ma nwụọ izu abụọ ka e mesịrị na July 23.<ref>Marquard, Bryan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054424/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2006/08/22/vernon_e_grant_cartoonist_and_comic_book_artist_at_71/ "Vernon E. Grant, cartoonist and comic book artist, at 71"]. ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', August 22, 2006.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wearegreenbay.com/hometown-heroes/saving-capt-grants-artistic-legacy|title=Hometown Heroes: Saving Capt. Grant's Artistic Legacy|work=WEAREGREENBAY|accessdate=2024-05-28|archivedate=2017-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612074723/http://www.wearegreenbay.com/hometown-heroes/saving-capt-grants-artistic-legacy}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi na nchịkọta == A gụnyere ọrụ Grant na Comic Art Collection nke Mahadum Michigan State . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lib.msu.edu/|title=MSU Libraries|work=msu.edu}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2007, Betsy Grant haziri ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nka ya ruo otu ọnwa maka alaka Central Square nke Cambridge Public Library. Mgbe a kpọrọ ya ka ọ laghachi n'ihe ngosi ọzọ na Eprel 1, 2008 na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Cambridge, o mere ka The Love Rangers bụrụ isi ihe ngosi ahụ. Na Cambridge Community Television, Vernon Grant bụ isiokwu nke Lynette Laveau Saxe's ''Callalloo Express'' na Eprel 14, 2008, na Saxe gosipụtara ma ihe osise na mkparịta ụka ogologo oge na Betsy Grant. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://callallooexpresstvshow.googlepages.com/guestroster|title=guestroster - Callalloo Express TV/Radio|work=googlepages.com|accessdate=2024-05-28|archivedate=2012-07-11|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120711001309/http://callallooexpresstvshow.googlepages.com/guestroster}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hhgfucbq7ibpc6ma3su0m3q91bu3z0g 0 45970 728249 171999 2026-09-26T16:05:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Narcissister.jpg|alt=Narcissister wearing a mask and gesturing as she speaks. She is standing in front of a projection screen.|thumb| Narcissister na-ekwu okwu n'azụ na-eso nyocha ihe nkiri ya ''Narcissister Organ Player'']] Narcissister bụ onye America, Brooklyn, onye na-ese ihe na-eme ihe metụtara, nke onu site na ndị Juu na ndị America America .  Ọrụ Narcissister na- , isẹ anya na ejiji, okike, na ife, na-eji ekiri aha ya egwuregwu isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ ahụ na isi.  Nwa Febụwarị 2013, o debere ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri mbụ ya.  [1] Ọ bụ onye iwe na America Got Talent .  [2] Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Huffington kwuputara ya "oke oke ihe nke New York".  [3] Ọ na-ụdị ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe ihe == Art na arụmọrụ == Narcissister egwu egwu egwu na Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater na New York City tupu ọ sara nka ahụ ka ọ bụrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na windo mgbe ọ na-emecha ihuenyo Independent nke Whitney ma na-eme ihe nkiri burlesque gburugburu New York.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na-enwekarị mmekọ nwoke na-enwe na mmekọ nwoke na-enwe, na-emeso ịhụnanya ụmụ na mmekọ nwoke na-ama na iji merkin na- ugboro ugboro na ihe ndị a na-ejide n'ime oghere anụ ahụ.  .  [1] Amara ya maka ime ka ịdị n'etiti nka nke ekere gara aga na ugbu a.  O kwetala mkpali ndị gara aga dị ka Adrian Piper, Marina Abramović, na Carolee Schneemann ;  otu o sila dị, ọrụ ya na-achọ iji ọchịchị, ihe ọchị, na inwe mmekọahụ otu ụdị eji Soso <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Battista|first=K|title=New Critical Positions|journal=Third Text|year=2015|volume=29|issue=4/5|pages=397–412|doi=10.1080/09528822.2016.1169636}}</ref> Aha ya sitere na nchikota nke "narcissist" na "nwanne", na-eji asusu nke agbụrụ na njirimara nwoke na nwanyi nakwa ima onwe onye. Ọ na-ezo aka na ọrụ ọ na-arụpụta, ọrụ nke dabere na njikọ nke okike, agbụrụ, na nnabata onwe onye. Nzụlite ya na ịgba egwu African American, ọzụzụ n'ihe nka nka nke nwanyị ojii, na ihe ngosi ya nke mejupụtara naanị ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa na-egosi oke mmasị na ekele o nwere maka ahụ ndị isi ojii. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barber|first=T. E.|title=Narcissister, a Truly Kinky Artist|journal=Art Journal|year=2020|volume=79|issue=1|pages=18–33|doi=10.1080/00043249.2020.1724031}}</ref> === Narcissister na isi mmalite === Na 2011, a na- Narcissister dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eto eto 30 na-ahụ ihe dị iche iche-kpọmkwem ụgwọ Luminosity-site na Marina Abramović retrospective The Artist is Present performance piece at MoMA .  Mpempe akwụkwọ ndị a niile bụ ihe mmụta nke Abramovic mere n'oge ọrụ ya niile.  N'afọ 2011, a jụkwara Narcissister ka ọ bụrụ ụbọchị ma soro onye na-agụ ịgụ goth Marilyn Manson gaa ihe omume dị iche iche na California na-ekpuchi ihe nkiri ya bụ Born Villain .  Ọ na-ejide ugbu a obibi na ụlọ ịgba egwu ogbe ndị na ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri The Box Soho <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keckler|first=Joseph|url=https://www.vice.com/read/an-interview-with-narcissister-405|title=The Real Face of Narcissister: A Conversation with the Woman Behind the Mask &#124; VICE &#124; United States|publisher=Vice.com|date=2014-09-17|accessdate=2015-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422133544/http://www.vice.com/read/an-interview-with-narcissister-405|archive-date=2015-04-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Arụ ọrụ na mmekorita === ==== Mmalite - 2014 ==== A na-ahụ iji ihe na mannequins nke Narcisisster na na-alụbeghị mbụ ya, nke a na-akpọ The Mannequin .  puro, dị ka ya si kwuo, nke ahụ bụ naanị ihe na- agbanwe na ọrụ ya, na-ọtụtụ etu ọ na-esi aga n'ihu na- ọtụtụ ọkwa.  Ọrụ ya ndị a ma egwu m bụ ọgụ mgba, otu nke aha ya bụ abụ nke Chaka Khan, bụ nke o ji dee okwu ahụ bụ "reverse strip tease," site n'iwepụ uwe n'ahụ ya ma yiwe ya otú.  ahụ.  Ọ dị iche a na Ememme Edgy Women nke Montreal na 2011. [1] A na-emepụta Narcissister nke ọma maka ihe nkiri 2008 ya The Self-gratifier, otu ihe nke ọ na-arụ igwe igwe igwe agba nchara, na-arụpụta ya na  ụtarị na-akụ ahụ ka a na-eji igwe.  Onye na-eme onwe ya ihe nrite kacha mma nke ihe egwuregwu na-eme ihe nkiri na Ememme Ihe Nkiri Mma Vibrations Erotic n'otu awụ ahụ .  [2] Burka Barbie nwere usoro egwu egwu na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka ọ pụta dị ka wiener si na ụmụ na-ekpo ọkụ.  Na nso nso a ọ ọrụ na- kà nkọwa onwe kacha elu ụmụ anụmanụ na NYC, nke nwere ihe ruru ụmụ anụmanụ 30, ha niile na-eyi vidiyo Narcissister, na-agagharị na ndụ ha kwa ụbọchị akara oke.  Mpempe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ site na ikiri vidiyo ndị dị n'akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Canal Street, oghere ihe ngosi a na-akpọ Petrella's Imports .  Ọrụ ọzọ nke na-adịbeghị anya nke ya bụ Organ Player, mpere cabaret zuru oke nke Narcissister na-azụ ọtụtụ ndị ahụ, ndị egwuregwu ma ọ bụghị nanị na aka, ara, ọnụ, na ikpu.  Mpempe akwụkwọ ya bụ mkpokọta oyi/mmiri bụ akwụkwọ ya na AL Steiner MOCAtv O mere ihe ngosi na New York na 2013 akpọrọ ''Narcissister is You'' . Ihe ngosi ahụ gosipụtara vidiyo vidiyo ya edezighị ebe a kpọrọ ndị sonyere njikere ka ha kwụ n'azụ nkpuchi a ma ama wee nyochaa usoro nka ya n'ụzọ nke ha, na-egosipụta ụdị egwu Freud abụọ nke "primary" na "secondary". Ihe ngosi a gụnyekwara nrụnye ihe ọkpụkpụ, bụ́ nke kpọrọ ndị na-ekiri ya ka ha mata ihe oyiyi ya e gosiri n'enyo. Ka anyị na-agbalị ime ka ndị na-ekiri ha mata ihe ọ bụ na "onwe" oyiyi nke na-eme ka anyị hụ ya n'anya, ọ na-ajụkwa ajụjụ ka a ga-esi nwee mmasị na ịma mma dị otú ahụ na isiokwu a rụrụ arụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.narcissister.com/theater/#/narcissister-is-you2/|title=Narcissister is You, Envoy Enterprises, New York, 2013|work=Narcissister|accessdate=2020-12-22}}</ref> .Dị ka a n'ụdị oru ngo, Narcissister also collaborates musically with the electronic and sound musician EarthMasters, na mbụ ha 10-track album, Subliminal Weight Loss, e ọrịa na October 2014 ==== 2015 - Ugbu a ==== Na Marilyn (2016), Narcissister na-iche ihe njakịrị a na-agbanwe site na iji nyere onwe ya uwe ndị e wepụrụ na ikpu ya;  N'ikpeazụ, yi uwe yiri nke mbụ Hollywood keisi ocha bombu.  Ihe omume a na-egosi ihe ngosi omume ya, nke mere na ịma mma, ịma mma na nka.  [1] nwere afọ nke e gosiri, o ihe ngosi nka solo na PARTICIPANT INC.  Site na ọrụ a, ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke ha na-eje ozi ma nabata ma jụ ihe nke ihe mere eme nke na nkà na ihe ndị gba ɔtɔ.  [2] Mgbe ahụ na 2019, ọ na-akpa obere ihe nkiri, Ụbọchị Ara, na Sundance Film Festival.  Site n'igosi ara ya n'ihu nsogbu, Narcissister na-enwe ike otú otú na "ihe oke mmetụta na-adabere na egwu, na-abịa, ahụ egosi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sundance Institute|title=Narcissister Breast Work|url=https://www.sundance.org/projects/narcissister-breast-work|accessdate=15 December 2020|archivedate=22 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122123446/https://www.sundance.org/projects/narcissister-breast-work}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == Narcissister ihe nrite Bessie na 2013 maka ihe ịnụ Organ Player ya.  [1] Afọ ka e gosiri, akara ngosi Creative Capital maka otu ọrụ ahụ.  [2] Ọ bụkwa onye nnata nke Theo Westenberger Grant.<ref>{{Cite web|author=United States Artist|title=Narcissister|url=https://www.unitedstatesartists.org/fellow/narcissister/|accessdate=15 December 2020}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Akwụkwọ == Ariel Osterweis (2015): ''Ọha Ọha: Omume nke Narcissister nke agbụrụ, disvowal, na ọchịchọ.'' Na: ''Nlebanya ihe nkiri'', Mpịakọta 59, Nọmba 4, Oge oyi 2015, p.&nbsp;101–116.<nowiki></br></nowiki> Sylvia Sadzinski (2017): ''[https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/kb/article/view/84756/79120 Narcissister bụ Gị: radikaler Narzissmus, Kollektivität und das posthumane Subjekt] .'' Na: Änne Söll, Linda Hentschel (Ed.): ''kristische berichte 4.2016.'' ''Gend_r'' . Jonas Verlag. == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2qjr4oou4c7wpkt9d1wmbm6g619sq7k 0 46802 728318 723393 2026-09-26T21:13:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728318 wikitext text/x-wiki   Reem Al Marzouqi ( Arabic <nowiki></link></nowiki> ) bụ onye injinia Emirati na ebute mbụ nwa UAE ka e nye ya patent na United States of America maka ụgbọ ala nke ike ịkwọ ya na-menye aka <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://youngplusmag.net/teen-stuff/young-achievers/young-achiever-reem-al-marzouqi/|title=Young achiever: Reem Al Marzouqi|accessdate=2015-03-19|publisher=Young+|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103530/http://youngplusmag.net/teen-stuff/young-achievers/young-achiever-reem-al-marzouqi/|archivedate=2015-04-02}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Al Marzouqi tolitere na "Lipa na ụmụ nwoke" na United Arab Emirates, nke ọ na-ekwu maka i Meghan ya na ngwaọrụ ala.  [1] Ọ pụta mahadum na Mahadum United Arab Emirates na 2008 na-egosi onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ.  N'ikwu na ọ bụghị, ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị nwa akwụkwọ A, akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, na-enweta akara ugo akara bachelor na engineering architecture.  [2] Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na UAEU, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ndị injinia na Abu Dhabi na Dubai, ụlọ Musanada, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ụmụaka.  Maka injinia aka, ọ meri ebe nke iche na nka nka nke Emirates.  Ọ bụ ya bụ onye mbụ na aha ya na ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/general/lucky-to-be-an-emirati-woman-today-says-inventor-|title=Lucky to be an Emirati woman today, says inventor|date=27 August 2017|first=Sherouk|author=Zakaria|work=Khaleej Times|accessdate=4 June 2024|archivedate=9 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109223716/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/general/lucky-to-be-an-emirati-woman-today-says-inventor-}}</ref> Reem dị ka nkwado patent US maka ihe mbụ nke mbụ, “Sistemụ Njikwa Ntugharị ụgbọ ala dị ala”, [1] ikike ahụ akwadoro patent ahụ na Japan.  [2] Sistemu ahụ na-eji steering lever, osooso lever na breeki lever bụ nke a na-achịkwa kpamkpam ụkwụ, na-enye ndị mmadụ eze ịnya ụgbọ ala n'ejighị ahụ elu ha.  [3] [4] Usoro a bụ nke mbụ n'ụdị ya, na UAEU see patent na-echere na China na European Union.  [5] [6] Ifla n'ime ihe ịga nke ọma otu ọma dị ama nke mmemme Takamul <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/technology/abu-dhabi-on-track-with-a-patently-good-idea-with-takamul|work=The National|title=Abu Dhabi on track with a patently good idea with Takamul|date=18 March 2014|first=Triska|author=Hamid|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212135231/http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/technology/abu-dhabi-on-track-with-a-patently-good-idea-with-takamul|archive-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> A gbara Al Marzouqi aka ka o wepụta echiche nwere ikike na klaisi mmetụta omume na mahadum ya - na-eduga ya icheta ọnụ TV na Inside Edition ya na Jessica Cox, onye ụgbọ elu mbụ nwe ikike n'ụwa dịka o kwuru na  ọnụ ọgụgụ ya siri ike nke ịnya ụgbọ ala.  n'ebe dị anya na-eji naanị ụkwụ ya.  [1] Mgbe mbụ o ji sket na echiche ya ike prọfesọ ya, ọ chụrụ ya na mbụ wee gwa ya ka o le ese anya n'ihu ihe ya kama ikepụta ihe.  ọkọ, mgbe ọ lara ahụ, prọfesọ ahụ gbara al Marzouqi ume akwụkwọ akwụkwọ maka Patent US.  Nke a na-ekwu maka echiche ya na-edozi nsogbu - na-edozi ezigbo nsogbu kama ichepụta n'echeghị echiche. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Norriss|first=Paris|title=Chat with Reem Al Marzouqi - Emirati Engineer & Inventor|url=https://anchor.fm/rove-hotels/episodes/Chat-with-Reem-Al-Marzouqi---Emirati-Engineer--Inventor-e1b2886|work=Anchor|publisher=Rove Hotels|accessdate=20 June 2022|date=3 December 2021}}</ref> Reem esonyela na ngosi Expo Science International. Agụnyere ihe mepụtara ya na British Museum's A History of the World na ihe ngosi 100 Objects, dị ka egosiri na Manarat Al Saadiyat, Abu Dhabi, site na Eprel-August 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hunter|first=Joanna|title=Object lesson|url=http://vision.ae/articles/object_lesson|accessdate=19 March 2015|work=Vision Magazine (UAE)|date=July 2014|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112119/http://vision.ae/articles/object_lesson|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Embassy">{{Cite news|title=TCA Abu Dhabi to exhibit 100 world's most compelling objects for 100 days at Saadiyat|url=http://uae-embassy.ae/Embassies/uk/news/2014/03/27/4942|accessdate=25 March 2015|work=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in London|date=27 March 2014|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123651/http://uae-embassy.ae/Embassies/uk/news/2014/03/27/4942|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ na-anọchi anya ọdịnihu, Neil MacGregor, onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Britain, kwusara ya dị ka "ihe atụ mara mma nke ụmụ mmadụ na-agbalịsi ike ịchọta ihe ọhụrụ." <ref name="Oasis2014">{{Cite news|title=Local student's invention goes on show to the world|url=http://myoasisliving.com/oasis_living_magazine/show_detail/encid/9qd/opt/features/offset/20|accessdate=25 March 2015|work=Oasis Living|date=May 1, 2014}}</ref> Dabere na mmuta njikọ Reem na mmemme extracurricular, Academy of Achievement ya ka ọ sonye dị ka onye anya ọhụrụ na ịbụ 2014 na Mgbakọ Mgbakọ Mba Nile Kwa Afọ 51st na San Francisco, California.  [1] Al Marzouqi na-ejidekwa Guinness World Records abụọ, nke edobere na 2014 - ọkọlọtọ kacha ibu nke balloons helium na uwe elele ogologo.  Reem haziri ma feats wee debanye aha The Dubai Club for the Disabled ka onye ọrụ na uwe iji iji talent ha.  [2] Al Marzouqi egosila na Arabian Business 50 Kasị LED ụmụ na Arab World na 2018 [3] na 100 smartest ndị mmadụ na UAE ndepụta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/lists/379383-100-smartest-people-in-the-uae-15reem-al-marzouqi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930161019/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/lists/379383-100-smartest-people-in-the-uae-15reem-al-marzouqi|archivedate=2017-09-30|title=100 Smartest people in the UAE-15.Reem Al Marzouqi - - ArabianBusiness.com}} </ref> Ebe ọ bụ na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ Reem na-arụ ọrụ na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Abu Dhabi na ọrụ iji kwalite ụgbọ elu Midfield.  Ụbọ akwara ụdọ ụgbọ elu Abu Dhabi ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọ elu nwere ikike. <ref>{{Cite web|author=McGovern|first=Robert|title=Interview with Reem Al Marzouqi for WIRED Middle East|url=http://robertmcgovern.com/index.php/reem-al-marzouqi-interview/|work=Robert McGovern|publisher=WIRED Middle East|accessdate=20 June 2022|date=29 July 2021}}</ref> Al Marzouqi lụrụ na ụmụ nwoke abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Norriss|first=Paris|title=Chat with Reem Al Marzouqi - Emirati Engineer & Inventor|url=https://anchor.fm/rove-hotels/episodes/Chat-with-Reem-Al-Marzouqi---Emirati-Engineer--Inventor-e1b2886|work=Anchor|publisher=Rove Hotels|accessdate=20 June 2022|date=3 December 2021}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke Emiratis * Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na United Arab Emirates * Ụmụ nwanyị ndị Arab == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hoxt6lsd7m10017eay1qohpa6pupx9n 0 46906 728268 725472 2026-09-26T17:23:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Ozwald''' [[Order of the British Empire|Boateng]] / OBE ( / ˈɒzwəld​​ ˈ b oʊ t ɛ ŋ / ) (amụrụ 28 Febrụwarị 1967) bụ onye mmebe ejiji bekee, mara amara maka akara ụghalaahịa ya na akwa akwa na ụdị nkwuwa okwu . == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Boateng na Muswell Hill district nke [[London]] na 28 February 1967, nwa nwoke [[Ghana|ndị Ghana]] kwabatara. <ref name="FMD Ozwald Boateng 2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/ozwald-boateng/|title=Ozwald Boateng|publisher=FMD|accessdate=26 July 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1744351/bio|title=Ozwald Boateng – IMDb|work=imdb.com|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]]}}</ref> O sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ suut nna ya yi na-adịghị ọcha, wee nata uwe mbụ ya — uwe nwere akwa abụọ na-acha odo odo mohair — site na nne ya mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ. <ref name="LFW">{{Cite web|url=http://www.londonfashionweek.co.uk/designer_profile.aspx?DesignerID=1607|title=Ozwald Boateng|publisher=London Fashion Week|accessdate=14 December 2010|archivedate=17 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217111436/http://londonfashionweek.co.uk/designer_profile.aspx?DesignerID=1607}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, ọ chọtara ọrụ n'oge okpomọkụ na-akwa ákwà lining n'ime suut. <ref name="Indp437745">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ozwald-boateng-the-wizard-of-oz-437745.html|title=Ozwald Boateng: The wizard of Oz|author=Liz Hoggard|work=The Independent|date=25 February 2007|accessdate=15 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018174422/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ozwald-boateng-the-wizard-of-oz-437745.html|archive-date=18 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-amụ sayensị kọmputa na Southgate College, Boateng dị afọ 16 ka e webatara ịkpụ na ịmepụta site na enyi ya nwanyị mgbe ahụ. <ref name="FMD Ozwald Boateng 2013" /> <ref name="100GBB" /> N'iji igwe akwa akwa ochie nke nne ya, ọ malitere ịwepụta ma na-erere ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ gbanwere ọmụmụ ka ọ gụchaa na ejiji na imewe. <ref name="FMD Ozwald Boateng 2013" /> O nyeere otu enyi aka ime uwe maka ihe ngosi ejiji, na mgbe ọ natachara otuto maka ọrụ ya, ọ rere nchịkọta mbụ ya na ụlọ ahịa akwa uwe nwoke na Covent Garden . Ire ahịa na-esote nyeere ya aka imepe studio mbụ ya na Portobello Road na 1991. O mere ihe ngosi catwalk mbụ ya n'oge 1994 Paris Fashion Week, na-aghọ onye mbụ ịkwa akwa na-eme ihe ngosi catwalk na Paris. <ref name="100GBB">{{Cite web|url=http://www.100greatblackbritons.com/bios/oswald_boateng.html|title=Ozwald Boateng|publisher=100 Great Black Britons|accessdate=14 December 2010|archivedate=17 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917035214/http://100greatblackbritons.com/bios/oswald_boateng.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Ozwald_Boateng's_Flagship_Store,_No._30_Savile_Row.png|thumb| Ụlọ ahịa ọkọlọtọ Boateng, No. 30 Savile Ahịrị]] Tommy Nutter kwadoro, ihe ịga nke ọma nke ihe ngosi Paris na 1994 nyeere Boateng aka imepe ụlọ ahịa ya na Vigo Street, na nsọtụ ndịda Savile Row, na 1995. <ref name="LFW"/> <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ozwald-boateng-the-wizard-of-oz-437745.html|work=The Independent|title=Ozwald Boateng: The wizard of Oz|date=25 February 2007|accessdate=1 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618071539/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ozwald-boateng-the-wizard-of-oz-437745.html|archive-date=18 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụzọ dị ugbu a nke Boateng si chewe uwe ụmụ nwoke nyere aka mee ka e nwee ekele ọhụrụ maka Savile Row, wee dọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ntorobịa. Boateng's kwagara nke ọma na Savile Row na June 2002. <ref>Newstatesman, Lauren Booth, 10 June 2002</ref> N'afọ 2003, Boateng wepụtara ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na -esi ísì ụtọ maka ụmụ nwanyị. Bespoke nwere vial abụọ dị iche iche nke na-esi ísì ụtọ n'ime karama elongated, ọla dị ka ọla. <ref name="autogenerated1"/> Na 2005, a kwanyere Boateng ugwu na nnukwu ihe omume 20 afọ azụ azụ na Victoria na Albert Museum . == Mmekọrịta == [[Usòrò:Ozwald_Boateng's_Show_at_London_Fashion_Week,_2010.png|thumb| Ihe ngosi Boateng na London Fashion Week, 2010]] Onye isi oche LVMH Bernard Arnault họpụtara Boateng Creative Director of Menswear na French Fashion house Givenchy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/09/06/380345/index.htm|work=CNN|first=Janet|author=Guyon|title=The Magic Touch LVMH chief Bernard Arnault runs dozens of luxury brands, from Moet & Chandon to Thomas Pink. But just one of them-- Louis Vuitton—brings in 60% of the conglomerate's profits. His challenge: to apply Vuitton's winning formula to the rest of the stable|date=6 September 2004|archive-date=14 September 2013|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914113804/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/09/06/380345/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2019 na [[Icon Mann]], " <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iconmann.com/about|title=Icon Mann is a media, consulting, and heritage development enterprise, committed to positively transforming the dialogue and imaging of black males within the African Diaspora through content and community engagement.|archive-date=2024-12-21|access-date=2024-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221233557/https://www.iconmann.com/about|url-status=dead}}</ref> Boateng na-ekpughe na n'oge ahụ "ihe ịma aka ya [bụbu] ịmaliteghachi nwa amadị French," na "o [nwere] ịga nke ọma n'ime ya. " <ref name="iconmann.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.iconmann.com/home/2019/3/8/ozwald-boateng|title=In Conversation with Oswald Boateng - Designer and Co-Founder of Made In Africa Foundation|date=9 March 2019|archive-date=4 November 2019|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104145655/https://www.iconmann.com/home/2019/3/8/ozwald-boateng|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. 9 March 2019.</cite></ref> E gosipụtara nchịkọta mbụ ya na July 2004 na Paris, na Hotel de Ville . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4298/is_/ai_n14960907|title=Postcard From The Edge; A Wrap-Up of the Paris Runway Shows, Where Designers Continue To Push Men'S Wear in New Directions. – Daily News Record – Find Articles at Bnet.Com|archive-date=2008-06-18|access-date=2024-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618055710/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4298/is_/ai_n14960907|url-status=dead}}</ref> Boateng kewara na Givenchy mgbe nchịkọta mmiri 2007 gasịrị. Na 2004, Coutts gakwuuru Boateng ka o chepụta kaadị kredit Super-Premium ọhụrụ. The Coutts "Kaadị kredit ụwa" pụtara na ụghalaahịa Boateng nke imperial purple, emebere iji kparịta ọgbara ọhụrụ na ịma mma kachasị elu. <ref>[[Martin Wainwright]], ''The Guardian'', November 2004.</ref> N'afọ 2004, Boateng haziri ngwa ihe eji enyere ndụ aka maka Virgin Atlantic 's Upper Class. Ekwuru na ọ bụ ngwa klaasị mbụ kacha mara mma nke ndị njem nọ n'ụgbọelu ọ bụla nwere, imewe ahụ mụbara ọnụego nhọpụta.  okpukpu ise. <ref>''Elle'', March 2005, page 377.</ref> John Agyekum Kufuor, Onye isi ala Ghana, nyere Boateng ọrụ ka o chepụta na ịhazi ihe ngosi na nzụkọ ọgbakọ nke itoolu [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|nke African Union]] na 2007. Emere na Accra, ọ dabara na afọ 200 kemgbe nkwụsị nke ahia ohu transatlantic, na afọ 50 nke nnwere onwe maka Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://annansi.com/2007/06/top-african-american-talent-plan-trip-to-african-union-summit-ghana/|title=Top African-American talent plan trip to African Union Summit, Ghana|date=20 June 2007|accessdate=4 June 2024|archivedate=25 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425191031/https://annansi.com/2007/06/top-african-american-talent-plan-trip-to-african-union-summit-ghana/}}</ref> N'afọ 2018 British Airways kwadoro na a họpụtara Boateng ka ọ bụrụ onye nrụpụta maka uwe ọhụrụ ya, nke a ga-ewepụta dịka akụkụ nke mmemme otu narị afọ nke otu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/86/2018-247/10131|title=BRITISH DESIGNER OZWALD BOATENG TO DESIGN NEW UNIFORMS FOR BRITISH AIRWAYS|author=Airways|first=British|work=mediacentre.britishairways.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-10-11}}</ref> Nhọpụta a bụ ihe esemokwu n'etiti ndị ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu na ndị ọrụ, bụ ndị kwenyere na a ga-emepụta uwe ọhụrụ ahụ na mmekorita ya na British brand Burberry . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://paddleyourownkanoo.com/2018/03/05/reports-british-airways-will-getting-new-uniform-next-year-celebrate-100th-anniversary/amp/|title=REPORTS: British Airways Will Be Getting a New Uniform Next Year to Celebrate its 100th Anniversary|date=2018-03-05|work=Paddle Your Own Kanoo|accessdate=2018-10-11|language=en-GB|archive-date=2018-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619055650/http://www.paddleyourownkanoo.com/2018/03/05/reports-british-airways-will-getting-new-uniform-next-year-celebrate-100th-anniversary/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe afọ 4 nke ọrụ nhụsianya na ngalaba na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ụgbọ elu niile iji tụlee mkpa nke ndị ga-eyi uwe, Boateng's "British Airways x Ozwald Boateng" Boateng's "British Airways x Ozwald Boateng" nke British Airways malitere na 2023 n'etiti ụgbọ elu "A British Original" mkpọsa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediacentre.britishairways.com/news/06012023/british-airways-unveils-its-new-uniform-to-more-than-30000-colleagues|title=BRITISH AIRWAYS UNVEILS ITS NEW UNIFORM TO MORE THAN 30,000 COLLEAGUES|first=British|author=Airways|work=mediacentre.britishairways.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/14478|title=BRITISH AIRWAYS UNVEILS ITS NEW UNIFORM TO MORE THAN 30,000 COLLEAGUES|first=British|author=Airways|work=mediacentre.britishairways.com}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri na telivishọn == Boateng emebela ejiji bespoke maka ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri TV gụnyere ''Mo' Better Blues'', ''Hannibal'', ''Lock, Stock and Two Smooking Barrel'', ''Echi Adịghị Anwụ'', ''Mmekọahụ na Obodo'', ''Ugly Betty'', ''Eastern Nkwa'', ''Gangster Number One'', ''Alfie'', ''Mwakpo na Precinct 13'', ''The Matrix'', ''Miami Vice'', ''Oceans 13'', na ''Rush Hour 3'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/2068677|author=Govindini Murty, Jason Apuzzo|title=A Conversation With Fashion Icon Ozwald Boateng on Style, Africa, and His New Film A Man's Story|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=3 November 2012}}</ref> Na 22 June 2006, Sundance Channel na Reveille LLC wepụtara usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ nke asatọ nke a na-akpọ ''Ụlọ nke Boateng'', na-enyocha njem nke Boateng ka ọ na-abanye na mgbasawanye nke ika ya na United States. Robert Redford na Ben Silverman mepụtara usoro a. == Ndụ onwe onye == Boateng ekwuola na mantra ya bụ, "Ọ bụrụ na ị na-asọba na akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ghara ịlụ ọgụ na ya, n'ikpeazụ ọ na-aghọ egwu." <ref name="iconmann.com"/> Boateng nwere onye bụbu nwunye aha ya bụ Pascale, ọ bụ ezie na amabeghị ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ na ịgba alụkwaghịm ha. O mechara lụọ ụdị ejiji Azerbaijani Gyunel Taylor n'oge amabeghị ụbọchị, wee mụọ ụmụ abụọ aha ya bụ Emilia na Oscar tupu ịgba alụkwaghịm na 2009. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e5c2a822-5702-11e1-be5e-00144feabdc0|title=Tailor whose personal life came unstitched|author=Emma Jacobs|work=Financial Times|date=15 February 2012|accessdate=4 November 2019}}</ref> Emilia ghọkwara ihe nlereanya wee bịanye aka na njikwa Storm . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stormmanagement.com/model/emilia-boateng/|title=Emilia Boateng - Storm Management}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Na 2008, a họpụtara Boateng na kọmitii REACH, dị ka akụkụ nke otu panel nọọrọ onwe ya iji chọpụta ma were ndị nlereanya nke mba na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere aka kwalite ọchịchọ nke ụmụ nwoke ojii. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/news/corporate/574381|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618034633/http://www.communities.gov.uk/news/corporate/574381|title=A new generation of black role models – Hazel Blears responds to the Reach Report|archivedate=18 June 2008}}</ref> Boateng, n'akụkụ Kola Aluko na mmekorita ya na Atlantic Energy, tọrọ ntọala Made in Africa Foundation, otu ụlọ ọrụ UK na-abụghị nke na-akwado iji nyere aka na mmepe nke Afrika Afrika, site n'inye ego nke mbụ maka ọmụmụ ihe omume na mmepe azụmahịa nke nnukwu akụrụngwa. oru dabere na mpaghara. E hiwere ntọala ahụ na ndabere nke "ịmeghari mkparịta ụka na nghọta nke Africa", na ndị isi na-edebanye aka na nkwekọrịta na African Development Bank . " <ref name="iconmann.com"/> Na-egosi dị ka 2018 pụrụ iche ọbịa panellist na London Business School ''African summit'', na-agwa azụmahịa na kọntinent, Boateng weere òkè initialling a massive art collaboration ''[[Cheta Ịrịgo|Cheta To Rise]]'' . <ref name="Omenka">{{Cite news|title=Innovative Painting: Remember To Rise is an Olufeko and London Business School collabo endorsed by the noteworthy|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/innovative-painting-remember-rise-olufeko-london-business-school-africa-club-collabo-endorsed-celebrities-business-noteworthy/|accessdate=5 January 2019|publisher=Omenkaonline.com|date=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182347/https://www.omenkaonline.com/innovative-painting-remember-rise-olufeko-london-business-school-africa-club-collabo-endorsed-celebrities-business-noteworthy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="lbsuk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.edu/news-and-events/news/exciting-times-for-business-in-africa-1457|title=Exciting times for business in Africa|publisher=London Business School|accessdate=June 1, 2018}}</ref> == Ntụaka == na-amụ sayensị kọmputa na Southgate College, Boateng dị afọ 16 ka e webatara ịkpụ na ịmepụta site na enyi ya nwanyị mgbe ahụ. ezie na amabeghị ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ na ịgba alụkwaghịm ha. O mechara lụọ ụdị ejiji Azerbaijani Gyunel Taylor n'oge amabeghị nke a na-akpọ Ụlọ nke Boateng, na-enyocha njem nke Boateng amabeghị ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ na ịgba{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * Official website * Ozwald Boateng at FMD * {{IMDb name}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5et9zmoioize6mgfta8ho2t4bv7cyp9 0 47006 728300 624252 2026-09-26T19:49:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Qunnie Pettway''' (1943–2010) bụ onye omenkà America. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka Freedom Quilting Bee na-ejikọta ya na ndị otu quilters [[Quilts of Gee's Bend|Gee's Bend]] . Nne ya, [[Candis Pettway]], kụziiri ya ka ọ na-agba ọsọ, ma nyefee nwa ya nwanyị [[Loretta Pettway Bennett]] nkà ahụ. Ọ bụ ọpụrụiche n'ịkpụpụta ihe eji eme akwa mkpuchi ọdịnala sitere na mkpọpu ọ butere na Bee. == Ndụ == Qunnie bụ ndị na-eme akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi ndụ ya niile gbara ya gburugburu. Nne ya, [[Candis Pettway]], na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ ndị ndụmọdụ mbụ ya. Ka oge na-aga, ọ mụtara usoro ihe mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ [[Estelle Witherspoon]], ebe ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 20 ga-agbakọta ọnụ. O mechara malite ịrịa ọrịa shuga, ma mgbe anya ya malitere ịpụ apụ, ọ bụ naanị obere ihe ka ọ na-eji mee ihe mkpuchi. Ọ nwụrụ na 2010. == Ọrụ == N'ịghọta maka ihe ọhụrụ ya, ụdị nke Qunnie bụ ụdị ngbanwe nke usoro ọdịnala ya ji akara. Ụzọ ọkacha mmasị ya bụ ihe mkpuchi "Crazy Z" nke corduroy sitere na Freedom Quilting Bee mejupụtara. == Ntụaka == na-ejikọta ya na ndị otu quilters Gee's Bend . Nne ya, Candis Pettway, kụziiri ya ka ọ na-agba ọsọ, ma nyefee nwa ya {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="alabama">{{Cite web|url=http://www.archives.alabama.gov/kids_emblems/st_quilt.html|title=Alabama Department of Archives and History, Kids' emblems: Official Quilt-Pine Burr Quilt of Gees Bend|website=www.archives.alabama.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113235049/http://www.archives.alabama.gov/kids_emblems/st_quilt.html|archive-date=2018-01-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="arnett">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oULezQjE5hwC|title=Gee's Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt|last=Arnett|first=William|last2=Herman|first2=Bernard|date=2006|publisher=Tinwood Books|isbn=9780971910478|language=en|page=146}}</ref> <ref name="beardsley">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o57mBjxyVHEC|title=Gee's Bend: The Women and Their Quilts|last=Beardsley|first=John|last2=Arnett|first2=William|last3=Arnett|first3=Paul|last4=Livingston|first4=Jane|date=2002|publisher=Tinwood Books|isbn=9780971910409|language=en|page=183}}</ref> <ref name="geesbend">{{Cite web|url=http://www.quiltsofgeesbend.com/quiltmakers/index.html|title=Quiltmakers Of The Quilts of Gees Bend|website=www.quiltsofgeesbend.com|access-date=2019-04-20|accessdate=2024-06-05|archivedate=2019-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731052258/http://www.quiltsofgeesbend.com/quiltmakers/index.html}}</ref> <ref name="souls">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/qunnie-pettway|title=Qunnie Pettway {{!}} Souls Grown Deep Foundation|website=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pettway, Qunnie}} 0zoq6fp16kynpi7ask192u793746bf9 0 47095 728309 705933 2026-09-26T20:16:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Ralph Bunche|image=Ralph Bunche - 1963 March on Washington.jpg|caption=Bunche at the 1963 [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom]]|birth_name=Ralph Johnson Bunche|birth_date={{Birth date|1904|8|7}}|birth_place=[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age|1971|12|9|1904|8|7}}|death_place=[[New York City]], U.S.|known_for=Mediation in [[Israel]]<br>[[Nobel Peace Prize]] (1950)|children=3|relatives=[[Ralph J. Bunche III]] (grandchild)|signature=RalphJBunche.jpg|education=[[University of California, Los Angeles]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[Howard University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])<br />[[Harvard University]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}} '''Ralph Johnson Bunche''' (/bʌntʃ/; ógọst 7, 1904 - December 9, 1971) bụ onye sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America, onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mba na mba, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'etiti narị afọ nke 20 na usoro ikike obodo US, onye natara onyinye Nobel Peace Prize nke 1950 maka ntinye aka ya na [[Israel]]. Ọ bụ onye isi ojii mbụ nwetara ihe nrite Nobel na onye mbụ sitere n'Afrịka ka e nyere ihe nrite Nóbel. O tinyere aka n'ịmepụta na mmalite nchịkwa nke United Nations (UN), ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro decolonization na ọtụtụ ọrụ udo nke UN. Bunche jere ozi na ndị nnọchi anya US na Dumbarton Oaks Conference na 1944 na Mgbakọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na International Organisation na 1945 bụ ndị depụtara akwụkwọ ikike UN. Mgbe ahụ, ọ jere ozi na ndị nnọchiteanya America na nnọkọ mbụ nke United Nations General Assembly na 1946 wee sonye na UN dịka onye isi nke Ngalaba Ntụkwasị Obi, malite ogologo usoro nhazi nsogbu na ọrụ ndị metụtara decolonization. Na 1948, Bunche ghọrọ onye ogbugbo maka Middle East, na-akparịta ụka n'etiti Egypt na Israel. Maka ihe ịga nke ọma a, e nyere ya Nrite Nobel Peace Prize na 1950. Bunche gara n'ihu na-eje ozi na UN, na-arụ ọrụ na ọgba aghara na Sinai (1956), Kongo (1960), Yemen (1963), Saịprọs (1964) na Bahrain na 1970, na-akọ ozugbo na odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN. Ọ chịziri otu ọmụmụ ihe na-ahụ maka akụ mmiri na Middle East. N'afọ 1957, a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị pụrụ iche, na-enwe nnukwu ọrụ maka ọrụ nchekwa udo. N'afọ 1965, Bunche na-ahụ maka nkwụsị ọkụ na-eso agha dị n'etiti India na Pakistan. Ọ lara ezumike nká na UN na June 1971, nwụọ ọnwa isii ka e mesịrị. N'afọ 1963, Onye isi ala John F. Kennedy nyere ya ihe nrite nke nnwere onwe onye. <ref name="urquhart">{{Cite book|author=Urquhart|first=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-lsfETlobAkC&pg=PA25|title=Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey|year=1998|publisher=WW Norton|isbn=978-0-393-31859-3}}</ref> Na UN, Bunche nwetara aha ọma nke na magazin ''Ebony'' kwupụtara na ọ bụ ma eleghị anya onye Africa America kachasị nwee mmetụta na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20 na "[f] ma ọ bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri, ọ bụ onye Africa America a ma ama n'oge ya ma [na US] na mba ofesi. "<ref>{{Cite book|first=Charles P.|author=Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MgQrH75yH9wC&q=charles+p+henry+ralph+bunche+model+negro|title=Ralph Bunche: Model Negro Or American Other?|year=1999|isbn=0-8147-3582-7|publisher=NYU Press}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Bunche na Detroit, Michigan na 1904 wee mee baptizim na Ụka Baptist nke Abụọ. Mgbe Ralph bụ nwata, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Toledo, Ohio, bụ́ ebe nna ya chọrọ ọrụ. Ha laghachiri na Detroit na 1909 mgbe a mụsịrị nwanne ya nwanyị Grace, site n'enyemaka nke nwanne nne ha, Ethel Johnson. Nna ha esoghị ezinaụlọ ahụ ebi ọzọ ka Ohio gachara, ọ bụghịkwa “ezigbo onye na-enye ya”. Edi enye ama etiene mmọ ke ini mmọ ẹkewọrọde ẹka New Mexico. N’ihi ahụ́ ike nke nne ya na nwanne nna ya na-adalata, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Albuquerque, New Mexico, na 1915. Nne ya, “nwanyị nwere mmasị n’egwú bụ́ onye nyere ọtụtụ ihe n’ihe nwa ya nwoke kpọrọ ezinụlọ ‘na-eji echiche na echiche na-ejupụta’” , nwụrụ na 1917 site na ụkwara nta, [1] na nwanne nna ya obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị.[2] Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Bunche bụ nne nne ya, Lucy Taylor Johnson zụlitere, onye o kwuru na ọ kụnyere n'ime ya mpako ya n'agbụrụ ya na nkwenye onwe ya.<ref name="HarvardMag-2003">{{Cite web|url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2003/11/ralph-johnson-bunche.html|first=Benjamin|author=Rivlin|title=Ralph Johnson Bunche: Brief life of a champion of human dignity: 1903–1971|work=[[Harvard Magazine]]|date=November 2003}}</ref> N'afọ 1918, Lucy Taylor Johnson na ụmụ ụmụ abụọ Bunche kwagara na mpaghara South Central nke Los Angeles. <ref name="NYTobit">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Bunche of U.N., Nobel winner, Dies|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 10, 1971|first=Robert D.|author=McFadden|accessdate=October 22, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/10/archives/dr-bunche-of-un-nobel-winner-dies-dr-ralph-j-bunche-of-un-is-dead.html}}</ref><ref name="Detnews">{{Cite news|title=Michigan History: Dr. Ralph Bunche—from Detroit to the world stage|work=[[The Detroit News]]|publisher=detnews.com|date=August 29, 1997|first=Laurie J.|author=Marzejka|accessdate=October 22, 2010|url=http://apps.detnews.com/apps/history/index.php?id=89}}</ref> Bunche bụ nwa akwụkwọ nwere ọgụgụ isi, onye na-arụrịta ụka, onye na'eme egwuregwu na onye na-ekwu okwu ikpeazụ nke klas ya na Jefferson High School. Ọ gara Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA) dị ka nwa akwụkwọ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ ''[[wiktionary:summa cum laude|summa cum laude]]'' na Phi Beta Kappa <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbk.org/WEB/pbkdocs/NobelLaureates2009.pdf|title=Nobel Laureates Who Are BK Members|date=2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909005827/https://www.pbk.org/WEB/pbkdocs/NobelLaureates2009.pdf|archivedate=September 9, 2015}}</ref> na 1927 dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu ikpeazụ nke klas ya. N'iji ego obodo ya nwetara maka ọmụmụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard, ọ nwetara nzere doctorate na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1]<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[Foreign Affairs]] |last=Mampilly |first=Zachariah |date=2023 |title=The Divided Diplomat: Ralph Bunche and the Contradictions of Liberal Order |language=en-US |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/ralph-bunche-divided-diplomat-liberal-order |issn=0015-7120}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == Bunche nwetara nzere masta na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1928 yana doctorate na 1934, mgbe ọ na-akụzi na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Howard, kọleji ojii n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.[1]. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị chọrọ doctoral ịmalite nkuzi tupu ha agụchaa akwụkwọ edemede ha. Ọ bụ onye mbụ Afrịka America nwetara PhD na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mahadum America. Akwụkwọ edemede Bunche nke 1934, "Nchịkwa French na Togoland na Dahomey", nwetara ihe nrite Toppan maka akwụkwọ edemede kacha mma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ntụnyere na Ngalaba Gọọmenti na Mahadum Harvard.[2]. Akwụkwọ nta ahụ nyochara usoro iwu nke Njikọ Mba, na-arụ ụka na usoro ahụ enweghị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na alaeze ukwu. [1] <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Pearl T.|date=2008|title=Ralph Bunche and African Studies: Reflections on the Politics of Knowledge|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-studies-review_2008-04_51_1/page/1|journal=African Studies Review|language=en|volume=51|issue=1|pages=1–16|doi=10.1353/arw.0.0005|issn=0002-0206}}</ref> Site na 1936 ruo 1938, Ralph Bunche gụrụ Anthropology ma mee nnyocha postdoctoral na Mahadum Northwestern <ref name="pbs">{{Cite web|title=Ralph Bunche {{!}} Teacher's Guide {{!}} Timeline|url=https://www.pbs.org/ralphbunche/education/teach_timeline.html|accessdate=2021-01-05|work=www.pbs.org}}</ref> na Evanston, Illinois, na London School of Economics (LSE), ma mesịa na Mahaduma Cape Town na South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ralph Bunche {{!}} American diplomat|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ralph-Bunche|accessdate=2021-01-05|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> O bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya, A World View of Race, na 1936, na-arụ ụka na "agbụrụ bụ echiche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke nwere ike ịbụ ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè iji mee ka mmetụta ihe dị mma maka ịzụlite ajọ mbunobi nke otu. " N'afọ 1940, Bunche jere ozi dị ka onye isi nchọpụta na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na Sweden bụ Gunnar Myrdal'ihe ọmụmụ ihe dị ịrịba ama banyere agbụrụ na US, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy . <ref name="Myrdal_1944">{{Cite book|edition=1|publisher=Harper & Bros|isbn=978-1-56000-857-6|author=Myrdal|first=Gunnar|title=An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_W9-CQA-082|location=New York and London|date=1944}}</ref>[and] N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ (1928-1950), Bunche jere ozi dịka onye isi oche nke Ngalaba Sayensị Ọchịchị na Mahadum Howard, ebe ọ kụzikwara. Ọzọkwa, o nyere aka na Howard School of International Relations na ọrụ ya gbasara mmetụta ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na alaeze ukwu nwere na usoro akụ na ụba ụwa na mmekọrịta mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Vitalis|first=Robert|title=White World Order, Black Power Politics: the Birth of American International Relations|url=https://archive.org/details/whiteworldorderb0000vita|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-8014-5669-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whiteworldorderb0000vita/page/83 83], 87}}</ref> A họpụtara Bunche ka ọ bụrụ onye American Philosophical Society n'afọ 1950. Ọ bụ onye isi ojii mbụ a nabatara n'ime Society kemgbe a tọrọ ntọala ya na 1743. <ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Ralph+J.+Bunche&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|accessdate=2021-01-27|work=search.amphilsoc.org|archivedate=2021-02-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201091741/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Ralph+J.+Bunche&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced}}</ref> N'afọ 1953-54, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke American Political Science Association . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apsanet.org/DIVERSITY/Ralph-Bunche-Summer-Institute/About-Dr-Ralph-J-Bunche|title=About Dr. Ralph J. Bunche|work=American Political Science Association}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu Board of Overseers nke [[alma mater]] ya, Mahadum Harvard (1960-1965), dị ka onye so na bọọdụ nke Institute of International Education, yana dị ka onye nlekọta nke Oberlin College, Mahadum Lincoln, na New Lincoln School. == Afọ Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ == Na 1941–43, Bunche rụrụ ọrụ na Office of Strategic Services (OSS), ọrụ ọgụgụ isi oge agha, dịka onye nyocha mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Colonial Affairs. Na 1943, e zigara ya na OSS na State Department. A họpụtara ya Associate Chief of Division of Dependent Area Affairs n'okpuru Alger Hiss. Ya na Hiss, Bunche ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị isi nke Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR). O tinyere aka na nhazi mbido maka United Nations na Nzukọ San Francisco nke 1945. Na 2008, US National Archives and Records Administration wepụtara PDF dị peeji 51 nke ndekọ OSS ya, nke dị na ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.nara.gov/oss/Bunche_Ralph.pdf|title=Digital Copies of Selected OSS Personnel Files – Bunche, Ralph|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=August 2008|work=Archives.gov|publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]]|accessdate=July 16, 2014|archivedate=February 25, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225033401/http://media.nara.gov/oss/Bunche_Ralph.pdf}}</ref> == Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu == N'ihe dị ka ngwụcha Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na 1944, Bunche sonyere na atụmatụ maka United Nations na Dumbarton Oaks Conference, nke emere na Washington, D.C. Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ nye ndị nnọchi anya US maka Charter Conference nke United Nations nke emere n'afọ 1945, mgbe edere akwụkwọ na-achịkwa. Ya na First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, Bunche nyere aka n'ịmepụta na ịnabata Universal Declaration of Human Rights na 1948. Bunche gbara ndị Africa America ume ka ha were ọnọdụ UN. "Ndị isi ojii kwesịrị ịrụsi ọrụ ike ma kwadebe iji nweta ụfọdụ ọrụ na United Nations, "ọ dụrụ ya ọdụ. "A ga-enwe ụdị ọrụ niile na ndị Negro kwesịrị ịnwa inweta ọrụ na ọkwa niile. Ụfọdụ nzukọ kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ na nke a ugbu a. "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Plummer|first=Brenda Gayle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4eEkAbYTTUC&pg=PA122|title=Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs, 1935–1960|year=1996|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4575-2|authorlink=Brenda Gayle Plummer}}</ref> Dị ka akwụkwọ United Nations "Ralph Bunche: Visionary for Peace", si kwuo, n'ime afọ iri abụọ na ise ọ jere ozi na United Nations, ọ   === Ịkwụsị ịchị mba ọzọ === Bunche nyere aka n'ịkwụsị ọchịchị colonial. Ọrụ ya iji kwụsị ọchịchị colonial malitere n'isi mmalite nke ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya, n'oge ahụ ọ tolitere ghọọ onye ọkà mmụta na-ahụ maka mmetụta nke colonialism na ndị a na-achị n'okpuru ọchịchị, wee malite mmekọrịta chiri anya ya na ọtụtụ ndị isi na-emegide ọchịchị colonial na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi. sitere na Caribbean na Africa, karịsịa n'oge nyocha ihe ubi ya na oge ya na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Economics nke London. Bunche kọwara amụma akụ na ụba n'ime obodo na iwu dị ka ihe na-erigbu mmadụ, ma kwuo na ndị ọchịchị colonial na-akọwahie ụdị ọchịchị ha.[1] Ọ rụrụ ụka na Kọmishọna Mandates na-adịgide adịgide chọrọ ikike ịgbasawanye iji nyochaa ka e si chịkwaa iwu ndị ahụ<ref name=":02223">{{Cite book|author=Pedersen|first=Susan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tu2kCQAAQBAJ|title=The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-957048-5|pages=321–324|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570485.001.0001}}</ref> Ọrụ Bunche na decolonization nwere mmetụta site na ọrụ Raymond Leslie Buell. Otú ọ dị, Bunche ekwenyeghị na Buell na uru nke ọchịchị ndị Britain na ndị France. Bunche kwuru na ọchịchị ndị Britain abụghị nke na-aga n'ihu - ọchịchị ndị Britain bụ nke nna na-eme nke ọma na ndị ọcha na-eme ka ọ dị njọ.<ref name=":02223"/>&nbsp; Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Susan Pedersen na-akọwa Bunche dị ka "onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ" nke ọchịchị United Nations's trusteeship.[1] Bunche bụ onye isi odee nke isiakwụkwọ dị na akwụkwọ ikike UN gbasara ókèala na-anaghị ekpebi onwe ya na onye nnọchi anya.[2] O mechara bụrụ onye isi nke ngalaba Trusteeship nke UN.[2]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|editor=Hill|title=Trustee for the Human Community: Ralph J. Bunche, the United Nations, and the Decolonization of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEWmkdhRAWUC|year=2010|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-8214-1909-0}}</ref> === Esemokwu Arab na Israel na Nobel Peace Prize === Malite na 1947, Bunche tinyere aka na ịgbalị idozi esemokwu Arab-Israel na Palestine. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye enyemaka na Kọmitii Pụrụ Iche nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Palestine, ma mesịa bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN Palestine Commission. Na 1948, ọ gara Middle East dị ka onye isi na-enyere aka na Sweden Count Folke Bernadotte, onye UN họpụtara ka ọ dozie esemokwu ahụ. Ndị ikom a họọrọ àgwàetiti Rhodes maka isi ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ha. Na Septemba 1948, ndị otu ndị Juu Lehi nọ n'okpuru ala gburu Bernadotte na Jerusalem, bụ nke Yitzhak Shamir duziri wee kpọọ ndị otu ya dị ka ndị na-eyi ọha egwu [1] ma kweta na ha mere mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu.ndị na-eyi ọha egwu <ref>Calder Walton (2008), Intelligence and National Security. 23(4): 435-462</ref> <ref>He Khazit (underground publication of Lehi), Issue 2, August 1943 also see Heller, p.115</ref> [[Usòrò:Levi_Eshkol_&_Ralph_Bunche.jpg|thumb|Bunche na Praịm Minista Israel Levi Eshkol, 1966]] Mgbe ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị, Bunche ghọrọ onye isi ogbugbo nke UN; ọ duziri mkparịta ụka niile n'ọdịnihu na Rhodes. Onye-nnọchi-anya Israel bu Moses Dayan; ọ kọrọ na memoirs na ọtụtụ n'ime mkparita uka ya na Bunche mere n'elu tebụl billiard mgbe ha abụọ nọ na-agbapụ ọdọ mmiri. N'iji nchekwube, Bunche nyere onye ọkpụite obodo ọrụ ka o mepụta epekele ncheta pụrụ iche nke bu aha onye mkparita uka ọ bụla. Mgbe ha bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ahụ, Bunche nyere onyinye ndị a. Mgbe ọ kpughechara nke ya, Dayan jụrụ Bunche ihe nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị nkwekọrịta ọ bụla. Bunche zara, "Agara m agbaji efere ndị ahụ n'elu isi unu jọrọ njọ." Maka imezu nkwekọrịta Armistice nke 1949, Bunche nwetara Nrite Nobel Peace na 1950.[1][2] Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka United Nations, na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ esemokwu tisasịrị, gụnyere Congo, Yemen, Kashmir, na Saịprọs. A họpụtara Bunche n'okpuru odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na 1968. Mgbe ọ nọ na UN, Bunche nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na enyi ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya, Ambassador Charles W. Yost, onye ya na ya rụkọrọ ọrụ na nzukọ ntọala UN. == Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ == [[Usòrò:Ralph_Bunch_Headstone_1024.jpg|thumb|Ili Ralph Bunche]] Bunche na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị maka nnwere onwe ndị ojii n'ime ụbọchị ya tupu United Nations, gụnyere site n'ọkwá ọchịchị na òtù dị iche iche na-ahụ maka ikike obodo yana dịka otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta na-eduga n'okwu gbasara agbụrụ na US na colonialism na mba ọzọ. N'oge ya na United Nations, Bunche nọgidere na-akwado ụda olu nke US Civil Rights Movement n'agbanyeghị na koodu na-achịkwa ndị ọrụ obodo na-egbochi ọrụ ya. O sonyere na March 1963 na Washington, ebe Martin Luther King Jr. kwuru okwu "Enwere m nrọ" ya, na kwa, na-aga n'akụkụ ya na Eze, na Selma na Montgomery March na 1965, bụ nke nyere aka na ngafe nke njem ahụ. Iwu ikike ntuli aka nke 1965 na mmanye gọọmentị etiti nke ikike ịtụ vootu.[1] N'ihi ọrụ ya na oge tupu agha, Bunche bụ isiokwu nke mkparịta ụka na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Na-adịghị na America. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụ onye ọchịchị Kọmunist ma ọ bụ Marxist, na n'ezie a wakporo nnukwu mwakpo site na pro-Soviet press n'oge ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Brian|author=Urquhart|title=Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-lsfETlobAkC&pg=PA251|year=1998|pages=249–251|publisher=WW Norton|isbn=978-0-393-31859-3}}</ref> Bunche bi na mpaghara Kew Gardens nke Queens, New York, n'ụlọ ejiri ego Nrite Nobel zụrụ, site na 1953 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.[1] Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nwere agba, Bunche gara n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'ofe United States na mgbe ụfọdụ na mpaghara ya. Na 1959, a jụrụ ya na nwa ya nwoke, Ralph, Jr., ịbụ onye otu na West Side Tennis Club na mpaghara Forest Hills nke Queens.[2] Mgbe ndị nta akụkọ nyechara mbipụta a nke mba, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere ndị Bunches mgbaghara na òkù nke ịbụ otuOnye ọchịchị ahụ jụrụ ha gbara arụkwaghịm. Bunche jụrụ onyinye a, na-ekwu na ọ bụghị n'ihi nhata agbụrụ na ọ bụ ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ dabere na ugwu onwe ya.[1] N'oge ọrụ UN ya, Bunche jụrụ nhọpụta site n'aka ndị isi oche Harry Truman na John Kennedy, n'ihi iwu Jim Crow ka na-arụ ọrụ na Washington, DC Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme John Hope Franklin kwadoro ya na "ịmepụta ụdị ọhụrụ nke ndu n'etiti ndị Africa-America" n'ihi n'ikike ya pụrụ iche "iwere ike na ugwu ọ chịkọbara ... iji dozie nsogbu nke obodo ya".<ref name="HarvardMag-2003"/> Bunche katọrọ Ọgba aghara Watts, nke dugara na nkatọ sitere n'aka ndị ike ojii. O weere nkatọ ahụ n'ụzọ siri ike ma mgbe nwa ya nwanyị gburu onwe ya bịara nwee ọmịiko maka ọgba aghara ahụ, na-akpọ ha ịjụ ikike na-ezighị ezi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Pedersen|first=Susan|title=Dining at the White House|url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n13/susan-pedersen/dining-at-the-white-house|work=London Review of Books|date=29 June 2023|language=en}}</ref> == Alụmdi na nwunye na ezinụlọ == Mgbe ọ na-akụzi na Mahadum Howard na 1928, Bunche zutere Ruth Harris, onye bụ onye nkuzi klas nke mbụ na Washington, D.C.[1] Ha mechara malite ịhụ ibe ha wee lụọ na June 23, 1930. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ atọ: Joan Harris Bunche (1931–2015), Jane Johnson Bunche (1933–1966), na Ralph J. Bunche, Jr. (1943–2016). [2] Nwa nwa ya, Ralph J. Bunche III, bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ndị Na-adịghị anọchi anya ya, bụ òtù mba ụwa nke e guzobere iji kwado olu nke mba na ndị mmadụ n'ụwa nile na-abụghị ndị nnọchiteanya na ndị a na-akpapụ iche. Na Ọktoba 9, 1966, nwa ha nwanyị Jane Bunche Pierce dara ma ọ bụ wụpụ site n'elu ụlọ ya na Riverdale, Bronx; e kwenyere na ọnwụ ya bụ igbu onwe ya. Ọ hapụghị akwụkwọ ozi ọ bụla. Ya na di ya Burton Pierce, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Cornell na onye isi ọrụ, nwere ụmụ atọ. Ụlọ ha dị na okpukpu nke mbụ nke ụlọ ahụ.<ref name="Jane">{{Cite news|title=Ralph Bunche's Daughter Falls to Death|work=The Park City Daily News (Bowling Green, Kentucky)|date=March 10, 1966|page=3|accessdate=November 30, 2010|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19661010&id=CCoeAAAAIBAJ&pg=5155,3683304}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Bunche gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya na UN n'ihi ọrịa ahụ, mana ekwuputaghị nke a, dịka odeakwụkwọ ukwu U Thant tụrụ anya na ọ ga-enwe ike ịlaghachi n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ahụ́ ike ya adịkwaghị mma, Bunche wee nwụọ na Disemba 9, 1971, n'ihi nsogbu nke ọrịa obi, ọrịa akụrụ, na ọrịa shuga. Ọ dị afọ 67. [1] E liri ya na ili Woodlawn na Bronx, New York City. == Nsọpụrụ == === Ihe nrite === * N'afọ 1949, e nyere ya Ihe nrite Spingarn site na NAACP . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707184346/http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners|title=NAACP Spingarn Medal|archivedate=July 7, 2010}}</ref> * N'afọ 1950, e nyere ya Ihe nrite Nobel maka Udo, maka ọrụ ya n'idozi esemokwu Arab-Israel na Palestine * N'afọ 1951, ndị Boy Scouts of America nyere Bunche Silver Buffalo Award maka ọrụ ya na scouting na mmetụta dị mma maka ụwa * N'afọ 2002, onye ọkà mmụta Molefi Kete Asante gụnyere Ralph Bunche na ndepụta ya nke 100 Greatest African Americans. <ref name="asante">{{Cite book|author=Asante, Molefi Kete|year=2002|title=100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/100greatestafric0000asan|location=Amherst, New York|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-1-57392-963-9}}</ref> * N'afọ 2004, e nyere Ralph Bunche ihe nrite William J. Donovan Award site na OSS Society. * A gụrụ ya aha agụmakwụkwọ na UCLA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alumni.ucla.edu/scholarships/prospective-students/|title=Prospective Students|work=alumni.ucla.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-06-26}}</ref> A na-akpọ Kọmitii Ralph Bunche, nke dị na Alumni Association's Alumni Scholars Club, aha ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alumni.ucla.edu/leadership/asc/board.aspx|title=Student Alumni Association {{!}}|work=alumni.ucla.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-06-26}}</ref> * A gụrụ ya aha agụmakwụkwọ na Colby College <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.colby.edu/pugh/ralph-j-bunche-scholar-program/|title=Ralph J. Bunche Scholar Program {{!}} Pugh Center|work=Colby College|accessdate=2017-06-26|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ihe ncheta === * Na Febụwarị 11, 1972, edepụtara ebe a mụrụ ya na Detroit dị ka Ebe Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Michigan. Nwunye ya di ya nwụrụ, Ruth Bunche gara emume mmeghe nke ihe ịrịba ama akụkọ ihe mere eme na Eprel 27, 1972.<ref name="Detnews"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ralph J Bunche Birthplace|url=http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/15255.htm|publisher=Michigan State Housing Development Authority|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122110355/http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/15255.htm|archivedate=November 22, 2012}}</ref> * Na Jenụwarị 12, 1982, United States Postal Service wepụtara stampụ stampụ 20¢ nke Great Americans iji sọpụrụ ya. * N'afọ 1996, Mahadum Howard kpọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ya na mba ụwa, ụlọ ọrụ anụ ahụ na mmemme nchịkwa metụtara ya, Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center. Ebe ahụ bụ ebe a na-ekwu okwu na mmemme mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.howard.edu/rjb/ABOUT.HTM|title=About the Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center|publisher=Howard University|year=2001|accessdate=November 30, 2010}}</ref> === Ụlọ === * Mahadum Colgate nwere Ralph J. Bunche House nke bụ nhọrọ ụlọ maka juniors na seniors ma nwee ike ịbụ ebe obibi maka ndị nwere mmasị pụrụ iche.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colgate University Housing Options|url=http://www.colgate.edu/campus-life/residential-life/housing-options#juniors|work=Colgate University|accessdate=3 July 2018}}</ref> * Bunche Hall, nke akpọrọ aha ya, na UCLA. E guzobere bust nke Dr. Bunche n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata * Ọbá akwụkwọ Ralph J. Bunche nke Ngalaba Steeti US bụ ọbá akwụkwọ gọọmentị etiti kacha ochie. Onye odeakwụkwọ mbụ nke steeti, Thomas Jefferson, guzobere ya na 1789, a raara ya nye ma nye ya aha ọzọ Ralph J. Bunche Library na Mee 5, 1997. Ọ dị na Harry S. Truman Building, isi ụlọ ọrụ Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị. * Mpaghara nke West Oakland, ebe Ralph Bunche High School, a makwaara dị ka "Ralph Bunche".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ousd.org/domain/4865|title=Welcome to Bunche! / Welcome|accessdate=October 24, 2019|archivedate=July 2, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702084457/https://www.ousd.org/domain/4865}}</ref> * A gụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị aha ya na Midland, Texas; Markham, Illinois; Flint, Michigan; Ecorse, Michigan; Canton, Georgia; Miami, Florida; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Carson, California;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rbes-compton-ca.schoolloop.com/|title=Dr. Ralph Bunche Elementary|work=rbes-compton-ca.schoolloop.com|accessdate=October 11, 2021|archivedate=July 3, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703165311/https://rbes-compton-ca.schoolloop.com/}}</ref> Metairie, Louisiana; Anne Arundel County, Maryland<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220123214537/https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/AnneArundel/AA-2063.pdf Ralph Bunche School, (Ralph J. Bunche Community Center, Inc.)] Maryland Historical Trust.</ref> na New York City; a gụrụ ụlọ ọrụ sekọndrị aha ya n'West Oakland, California na King George County, Virginia (Ralph Bunche High School). * Dr. Ralph J. Bunche Peace and Heritage Center, ebe obibi nwata ya na nne nne ya, edepụtara na National Register of Historic Places and City of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Landmarks, HCM #159. E weghachiri ụlọ ahụ ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ntụgharị Museum na Community Center. * Na Glasgow, Kentucky, a kpọrọ ''Liberty District-Ralph Bunche Community Center'', iji kwado mmekọrịta obodo na nghọta ọdịbendị, aha iji sọpụrụ ya. === Ogige ntụrụndụ === * A gụrụ Ralph Bunche Park aha ya na New York City; ọ dị n'ofe First Avenue site na Isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations. * N'akụkụ Fort Myers, Florida, osimiri ojii n'akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge nkewa, a kpọrọ ya Bunche Beach <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.conservation2020.org/Pages/preservedetails.aspx?projid=2|title=Bunche Beach}}</ref> * A gụrụ agbata obi Bunche Park na obodo Miami Gardens, Florida, aha iji sọpụrụ ya. * A na-akpọ Ralph Bunche Road na Nairobi, [[Kenya]], aha ya. * A gụrụ Bunche Park na Fort Worth, Texas aha iji sọpụrụ ya na 1954. == Ebe Ndị Dị Ndụ == E depụtara ọtụtụ ebe obibi Bunche na National Register of Historic PlacesNdepụta Mba nke Ebe Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme {| class="wikitable" !Aha ya !Ebe !Afọ Ndị O biri !Ihe edeturu |- |Ụlọ Ralph J. Bunche |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, Cal.]] |1919?–1928? |Ọzọkwa ihe ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị Los Angeles. |- |Ụlọ Ralph Bunche |[[Washington, D.C.]] |1941–1947 |E wuru ya maka Bunche.<ref name="NYCLPC">{{Cite web|title=Ralph Bunche House|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/bunchehouse.pdf|publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|accessdate=January 2, 2014|archivedate=June 12, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612100557/http://www.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/bunchehouse.pdf}}</ref> |- |Obodo Parkway |Queens, NY |1947–1952 |Ụlọ obibi e wuru maka ndị ọrụ UN.[1]<ref name="NYCLPC" /> |- |Ụlọ Ralph Johnson Bunche |Queens, NY |1952–1971 |Ọzọkwa National Historic Landmark na New York City designated landmark.[1]<ref name="NYCLPC" /> |} == Ihe nkiri == * Ralph Bunche: Onye American Odyssey (2001) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Freedman|first=Richard|date=2019-09-24|title=September 26 Arts and Entertainment Source: Film at Empress honors Nobel Peace Prize winner|url=https://www.timesheraldonline.com/2019/09/24/september-26-arts-and-entertainment-source-film-at-empress-honors-nobel-peace-prize-winner|accessdate=2023-04-17|work=[[Times-Herald]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Ralph Bunche: Odyssey na-aga n'ihu...'' (2003) == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * {{Cite book|author=Bunche|first=Ralph|title=A World View of Race|series=Bronze Booklet Series|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Associates in Negro Folk Education|year=1936|quote=Reprint, Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1968; excerpt in Ralph Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings, edited by Charles P. Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRlGvwEACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Bunche|first=Ralph|editor=Grantham|title=The Political Status of the Negro in the Age of FDR|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1973|quote=Edited with an Introduction by Dewey W. Grantham. A version of a Ralph Bunche 1941 research memorandum prepared for the Carnegie-Myrdal study, ''The Negro in America''|isbn=978-0-226-08029-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVALPwAACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Bunche|first=Ralph|editor=Holloway|title=A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership|location=New York|publisher=New York University Press|year=2005|quote=edited with an Introduction by Jonathan Scott Holloway, A version of ''The Negro in America''|isbn=978-0-8147-3684-5|url=https://archive.org/details/brieftentativean0000bunc}} * {{Cite book|editor=Edgar|title=An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche, September 28, 1937 – January 1, 1938|location=Athens|publisher=Ohio University Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-8214-1394-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b-1EPgAACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|editor=Henry|title=Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-472-10589-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbEE659doD8C}} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị Africa America mbụ * Ndị nwetara ihe nrite Black Nobel == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|editor=Rivlin|title=Ralph Bunche: The Man and His Times|location=New York|publisher=Holmes & Meyer|year=1990|isbn=978-0-8419-1145-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oBF3AAAAMAAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Urquhart|first=Brian|title=Ralph Bunche: An American Life|location=New York|publisher=W. W. Norton|year=1993|isbn=978-0-393-03527-8|url=https://archive.org/details/ralphbuncheameri00urqu}} * {{Cite book|author=Henry|first=Charles P.|title=Ralph Bunche: Model Negro or American Other?|location=New York|publisher=New York University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8147-3582-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MgQrH75yH9wC}} * {{Cite book|editor=Hill|title=Trustee for the Human Community: Ralph J. Bunche, the United Nations, and the Decolonization of Africa|publisher=Ohio University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8214-1909-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEWmkdhRAWUC}} * {{Cite book|author=Ben-Dror|first=Elad|title=Ralph Bunche and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Mediation and the UN 1947–1949|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=978-1-138-78988-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mP2PCgAAQBAJ}} * {{Cite book|author=Meyer|first=Edith Patterson|title=In Search of Peace: The Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–1975|location=Nashville|publisher=Abdington|year=1978|isbn=978-0-687-18969-4|url=https://archive.org/details/insearchofpeace00meye}} * {{Cite book|author=Plummer|first=Brenda Gayle|title=Rising wind: Black Americans and US foreign affairs, 1935–1960|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4eEkAbYTTUC|isbn=978-0-8078-4575-2|authorlink=Brenda Gayle Plummer}} * {{Cite book|author=Krenn|first=Michael|title=Black Diplomacy: African Americans and the State Department, 1945–69|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=978-1-317-47582-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qVzCQAAQBAJ}} * Raustiala, Kai 2022. Nwoke a na-apụghị mkpa: Ralph Bunche, United Nations, na ọgụ iji kwụsị alaeze ukwu. Oxford University Press. [https://hdiplo.org/to/E535 Nnyocha ndị ọkà mmụta n'ịntanetị nke akwụkwọ a] == Njikọ mpụga == * Akụkọ ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere Ralph Bunchen'imeEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie nke Narị Afọ 20nkeZBW * Ralph Bunche gụnyere Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1950 Some Reflections on Peace in Our Time''Ụfọdụ Echiche Banyere Udo n'Oge Anyị'' * {{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/3cvg9000zz-89112|title=Digitized materials from Ralph J. Bunche Papers|publisher=UCLA Library Special Collections}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeacemission.com/ralph-bunche.htm|title=Ralph Bunche Biography}} * {{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/southerncampus1927univ#page/184/mode/2up|title=1927 Yearbook Photo|year=1920}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.depauw.edu/news/?id=27214|title=Commencement address|publisher=DePauw University|year=1956}} * {{Cite web|url=http://archives.nypl.org/scm/20652|title=Ralph Bunche Papers, 1922–1988|work=Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture|publisher=nypl.org}} * {{Cite web|url=https://nara-media-001.s3.amazonaws.com/arcmedia/oss/Bunche_Ralph.pdf|title=Ralph Bunche|work=Records of the Office of Strategic Services|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration}} * {{Cite web|url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt409nb02d|title=Brian Urquhart Collection of Material about Ralph Bunche, ca 1932-1972|publisher=UCLA Library|work=Special Collections.}} * {{IMDb name|0120366|Ralph Bunche}} * A kọọrọ akụkọ banyere mgbalị ndị ọ na-eme n'etiti na ihe nkiri redio nke 1949 "Peace Mediator", ihe ngosi sitere na Destination Freedom, nke Richard Durham dere {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{S-bef|before=Position Created}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations]] <br />for Special Political Affairs|years=1961–1971}} {{S-aft|after=[[Brian Urquhart]]}} {{S-end}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nai6at31bzkvbvjtjtp36ygniq89a05 0 47107 728392 723743 2026-09-27T03:29:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Solange Piaget Knowles''' ( / s oʊ ˈlɑːn ʒ / ; amuru June 24, 1986) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/solange-knowles-birthday-_n_1619787.html|title=Solange' Birthday: As Star Turns 26, A Look At Fabulous Celebrity Sisters (PHOTOS)|work=The Huffington Post|date=June 24, 2012|accessdate=April 20, 2020|archivedate=September 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919165303/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/solange-knowles-birthday-_n_1619787.html}}</ref> <ref name="biographychannel">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/solange-21265489#awesm=~oE4Tpn1dO6DMDk|title=Solange Biography|publisher=[[The Biography Channel]]|accessdate=May 12, 2014|archivedate=March 15, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315060317/https://www.biography.com/people/solange-21265489#awesm=~oE4Tpn1dO6DMDk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VDV5-1SC|title=Solange Piaget Knowles - Texas Birth Index|date=June 24, 1986|work=[[FamilySearch]]|accessdate=August 19, 2019}}</ref> bu onye America na-abụ abụ, onye na-ede abụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Knowles gosipụtara mmasị na egwu site na nwata ma nwee oge nwa oge dị ka onye na-agba egwu ndabere maka Destiny's Child, bụ nke gosipụtara nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ [[Beyoncé Knowles]] n'etiti ndị òtù ya, tupu ya abanye na nna ya [[Mathew Knowles]] ' [[Mathew Knowles|Music World Entertainment]] label. Na 16, Knowles weputara album studio izizi ya ''Solo Star'' (2002). Ọ pụtakwara na ihe nkiri ''Johnson Family Vacation'' (2004), na ''weta ya na: All ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla'' (2006). Na 2007, Knowles malitere ịdekọ egwu ọzọ. Nnukwu mmetụta Motown ụmụ agbọghọ otu, ya nke abụọ studio album ''Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams'' (2008) wezugara onwe ya site na egwu gbadoro anya nke mpụta mbụ ya gaa na ụda sitere na Motown sitere na 60 na 70. Ọ gbagoro na ọnụọgụ itoolu na US <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 wee nweta nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. O sochiri nke a na pop 1980 na R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B -inspired ogologo egwuregwu ''Ezi'' (2012) na egwu egwu na akara ya Saint Records . A tọhapụrụ album studio nke atọ ya, ''A oche na Tebụl'' (2016) ka ọ bụrụ otuto dị oke egwu wee bụrụ ọba mbụ ya-otu na United States. Otu onye ndu album ahụ, " Cranes in the Sky " meriri Grammy maka arụmọrụ R&amp;amp;B kacha mma . Ndekọ studio ya nke anọ, ''Mgbe M Nwetara Ụlọ'', ka ewepụtara na Maachị 2019 iji nweta otuto dị oke egwu. Knowles na-ekwu na mmasị mbụ ya bụ ide abụ. Ndị mgbasa ozi na-atụnyekarị ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Beyoncé, Knowles ekwuola na ha nwere ọchịchọ dị iche iche na egwu dị iche iche. ''Billboard'' ahọpụtala ya dị ka onye 100th kacha eme egwuregwu ịgba egwu oge niile, na 2017 ka e jiri “Ngosipụta Mmetụta” sọpụrụ na mmemme <nowiki><i id="mwOA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/8053968/solange-honored-as-billboard-impact-award-winner-for-2017-women-in-music-ciara|title=Solange Honored As Billboard Impact Award Winner for 2017 Women In Music|work=billboard.com|accessdate=December 17, 2017|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051132/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/women-in-music/8053902/solange-ciara-women-in-music-host-impact-award/}}</ref> Ihe omume ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere nkwekọrịta nkwado ya na Rimmel London yana ahịrị ngwa ahịa dabere na hip-hop maka ụmụaka. Knowles etinyewokwa aka na nka nka, na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe ngosi nka na ihe ngosi mba ụwa, dị ka Elbphilharmonie, Venice Art Biennale na Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum . N'afọ 2022, Knowles ghọrọ nwanyị nke atọ na onye America mbụ bụ onye Afrịka iji depụta akara maka Ballet New York City . == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Solange Piaget Knowles na June 24, 1986 na Houston, [[Texas]] nye Tina na [[Mathew Knowles]] . Nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ bụ onye na-agụ egwú [[Beyoncé Knowles]] . Nna ya, nke sitere na [[Alabama]], bụ [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|onye America America]], na nne ya, onye sitere na Texas, bụ onye America America nke ihe nketa Louisiana Creole . <ref name="FOX">{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,204978,00.html?sPage=fnc/entertainment/beyonce|title=Beyoncé Knowles' Biography|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=April 15, 2008|accessdate=July 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307175108/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,204978,00.html?sPage=fnc%2Fentertainment%2Fbeyonce|archive-date=March 7, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="smol1">{{Cite news|author=Smolenyak|first=Megan|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/a-peek-into-blue-ivy-cart_b_1200346.html|title=A Peek into Blue Ivy Carter's Past|work=The Huffington Post|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 30, 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/impoliteconversa0000dani|quote=beyonce native american african french l'oreal.|title=Impolite Conversations: On Race, Politics, Sex, Money, and Religion|publisher=Simon and Schuster|author=Daniels, Cora|year=2014|isbn=9781476739113|accessdate=June 10, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=Crazy in Love: The Beyoncé Knowles Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/beyoncecrazyinlo0000easl|author=Daryl Easlea|year=2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Cherese Cartlidge|title=Beyoncé|date=May 17, 2012|publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC|isbn=978-1-4205-0966-3}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Janice Arenofsky|title=Beyoncé Knowles: A Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/beyonceknowlesbi00aren|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35914-9}}</ref> Nne na nna nne ya bụ Lumis Beyincé na Agnéz Deréon, onye na-akwa akwa . Ọ bụkwa onye sitere na onye ndu Acadian Joseph Broussard . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/a-peek-into-blue-ivy-cart_b_1200346.html|title=A Peek into Blue Ivy Carter's Past|work=[[HuffPost]]|publisher=[[AOL]]|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 14, 2012|archivedate=January 14, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114211650/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/a-peek-into-blue-ivy-cart_b_1200346.html}}</ref> A zụlitere Knowles ndị Katọlik ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, bụ́ mgbe ezinụlọ ya ghọrọ ndị òtù chọọchị Metọdist . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Laird|first=Cheryl|date=13 May 2014|title=A Knowles family Christmas|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/music/article/A-Knowles-family-Christmas-5475839.php|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/beyonces-mom-tina-knowles-lawson-gives-rare-insight-into-the-singers-childhood-in-powerful-instagram-post.html/|title=Beyoncé's Mom, Tina Knowles-Lawson, Gives Rare Insight into the Singer's Childhood in Powerful Instagram Post|date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/beyonces-pastor-rudy-rasmus-release-new-book-unconditional-love/38676.htm|title=Beyonce's pastor Rudy Rasmus: Having Beyonce and Solange sing in church choir was 'neatest thing'|date=July 7, 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ mụtara ịgba egwú na ihe nkiri. Mgbe ọ dị afọ ise, o mere egwu mbụ ya na isii Flags AstroWorld, ogige ntụrụndụ isiokwu na Houston. Ọ malitere ide abụ mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu. <ref name="CosmoQ&A">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cosmogirl.com/blog/solange-knowles-qa|title=Solange Knowles Q&A|date=August 25, 2008|work=[[Cosmo Girl]]|accessdate=December 10, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810190126/http://www.cosmogirl.com/blog/solange-knowles-qa|archivedate=August 10, 2009}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, o kpebiri ịchụso ndekọ, ma ndị mụrụ ya gwara ya na mbụ ka ọ chere. N'oge mmeghe nke Destiny's Child maka njem Christina Aguilera nke 2000, Knowles nọchiri onye otu Kelly Rowland nwa oge mgbe ọ gbajiri mkpịsị ụkwụ ya n'azụ azụ n'oge mgbanwe ejiji. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1428039/20001009/destinys_child.jhtml|title=Destiny's Child Has Tough Backstage Break|author=Manning|first=Kara|date=October 9, 2000|publisher=[[MTV]]|accessdate=November 4, 2008|archive-date=January 13, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113214702/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1428039/20001009/destinys_child.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 15, Knowles dochie onye na-agba egwu hapụrụ ma soro ndị otu ahụ mee njem na njem. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/fashion/solange-knowles-beyonces-sister-takes-life-on-her-own-terms.html|title=Life on Her Own Terms for Beyoncé's Little Sister|first=Ben|author=Detrick|date=April 20, 2012|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 26, 2020|archivedate=September 19, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919142505/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/fashion/solange-knowles-beyonces-sister-takes-life-on-her-own-terms.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === 2001-2003: Ọrụ mmalite na ''Solo Star'' === N'ịbụ onye nna ya Mathew jisiri ike, Knowles buru ụzọ banye n'ahịa egwu na 2001 dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na-edu ndú, nke Destiny's Child na-akwado, na isiokwu isiokwu egwu maka usoro telivishọn animated ''The Proud Family'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/solange-knowles-the-proud-family-theme-song|title=Solange Knowles Sang 'The Proud Family' Theme Song Onstage Because Nostalgia Is REAL|work=[[Teen Vogue]]|date=June 6, 2017|accessdate=February 23, 2019|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051100/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/solange-knowles-the-proud-family-theme-song}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye na-eme ihe ngosi na "Hey Goldmember" maka ụda ụda na ihe nkiri 2002 ''Austin Powers in Goldmember'', <ref name="rs080602">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452941/20020315/knowles_solange.jhtml|title=Solange, Beyoncé's Lil' Sis, Says She's No Destiny's Child|last=Moss|first=Corey|date=March 18, 2002|publisher=MTV|access-date=November 4, 2008|archive-date=January 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115030605/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452941/20020315/knowles_solange.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> yana onye na-agụ egwú ndabere na egwu "Little Drummer Boy" na Destiny's Child's 2001 ezumike album ''8 Days of Christmas'' . <ref name="MossNo">{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452941/20020315/knowles_solange.jhtml|title=Solange, Beyoncé's Lil' Sis, Says She's No Destiny's Child|author=Moss|first=Corey|date=March 18, 2002|publisher=MTV|accessdate=November 4, 2008|archive-date=January 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115030605/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452941/20020315/knowles_solange.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, e gosipụtara ya na album studio nke abụọ nke Lil' Romeo ''Game Time'', na-abụ akụkụ nke Luther Vandross - nke e dere " So Amazing " na otu "Ezi ịhụnanya", yana na album mbụ Kelly Rowland ''bụ Simply Deep'', nke o dere maka ya. dekwara egwu ndị ahụ "Nanị Deep", "Gafere echiche" na "isi". Na 2001 ọ pụtara dị ka ụbọchị Lil' Bow Wow na vidiyo egwu maka otu ya " Puppy Love ". <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1457156/20020822/rowland_kelly.jhtml|title=Kelly Rowland Moves Into 'Leave It To Beaver' House|author=Corey|first=Moss|date=August 23, 2002|publisher=[[MTV]]|accessdate=November 4, 2008|archive-date=January 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115133609/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1457156/20020822/rowland_kelly.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> O mekwara ka ọ pụta ìhè na ụda ụda <nowiki><i id="mwjg">nke Master of Disguise</i></nowiki> ma mee cameos na vidiyo Play maka "MASTER (Nkebi nke Abụọ)" na-egosi Lil' Fizz . Na 2002, o gbaziri olu ya na agwa Chanel, nwa nwanne nna nke protagonist Penny Proud, na ihe omume nke usoro telivishọn animated ''The Proud Family'' . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458489/20021104/ashanti.jhtml|title=Ashanti, Keys, Solange 'Proud' Participants in Animated Series|author=D'Angelo|first=Joe|date=November 4, 2002|publisher=[[MTV]]|accessdate=February 3, 2009|archive-date=February 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219034131/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458489/20021104/ashanti.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na June 2003, Mathew Knowles ji obi ụtọ mara ọkwa na ọ na-atụle ịgbakwunye Knowles na Destiny's Child mgbe otu ahụ jikọtara na 2004, si otú a na-eme ka ha ghọọ quartet maka oge mbụ ebe ọ bụ na onye na-adịru nwa oge Farrah Franklin hapụrụ na 2000. Mathew Knowles kwuru na ya na-anwale mmeghachi omume ndị ahụ, na, n'ikpe ikpe site n'ihe ọ nụrụ, "ọ dị ka ezi echiche". <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1473417/20030626/destinys_child.jhtml|title=Destiny's Child May Get A New Member Next Year|author=Moss|first=Corey|date=June 26, 2003|publisher=[[MTV]]|accessdate=November 4, 2008|archive-date=January 14, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114111210/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1473417/20030626/destinys_child.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka emechara n'August, Otú ọ dị, Beyonce kwuru na ọ bụ naanị asịrị na nwa Destiny's Child ga-anọgide na-atọ. Rowland gbakwụnyere, "Ọ bụ kpakpando solo," album mbụ Knowles na-edobe aha . <ref name="MossTrio">{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1477173/20030825/destinys_child.jhtml|title=Destiny's Child To Remain A Trio, Says Beyoncé|author=Corey|first=Moss|date=August 25, 2003|publisher=MTV|accessdate=November 4, 2008|archive-date=January 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115093553/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1477173/20030825/destinys_child.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 14, Knowles malitere ịrụ ọrụ na album mbụ ya ''Solo Star'', <ref name="RamaswamySoul">{{Cite web|url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/entertainment/Solange-Knowles-interview--Soul.4650388.jp|title=Solange Knowles interview – Soul sister|author=Ramaswamy|first=Chitra|date=November 2, 2008|work=[[Scotland on Sunday]]|accessdate=November 3, 2008|archivedate=January 9, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109202843/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/entertainment/Solange-Knowles-interview--Soul.4650388.jp}}</ref> nke metụtara ndị na-emepụta America dị ka Jermaine Dupri, Neptunes, Linda Perry na Timbaland n'etiti ndị ọzọ. O wee dekọọ ọba egwu n'okpuru akara nna ya [[Mathew Knowles|Music World Entertainment]] na Columbia Records . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/solange-knowles-article-1.1790851|title=Who is Solange Knowles? Everything you need to know about Beyonce's little sister|work=New York Daily News|date=May 13, 2014|author=Pesce|first=Nicole Lyn|accessdate=December 3, 2019|archivedate=December 3, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203100231/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/solange-knowles-article-1.1790851}}</ref> The album bụ isi uptempo R &amp;amp; B, ọ bụ ezie na Knowles kwuru na e nwere pop, rock, reggae na [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] mmetụta. <ref name="MossNo"/> Knowles dekọtara wee mepụta ụfọdụ egwu iri na ise dị na ọba ahụ, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458534/20021105/knowles_solange.jhtml|title=Solange 'Feeling' It With Beyoncé, N.O.R.E., Others|author=Wiederhorn|first=Jon|date=November 6, 2002|publisher=MTV|accessdate=November 4, 2008|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051106/http://www.mtv.com/news/1458534/solange-feeling-it-with-beyonce-nore-others/|url-status=dead}}</ref> gụnyere otu ụzọ ya, " Feelin 'You (akụkụ II) ". Egwu ahụ abanyeghị na <nowiki><i id="mwtg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, mana ruru ọnụọgụ atọ na ma Hot R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales na Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/search/detailed_chart_display.jsp?g=s&cd=Jan-25-2003&f=Hot_R&B/Hip-Hop_Singles_Sales&model.chartId=3048275|title=Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales|work=[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]|publisher=[[Nielsen Business Media]]|date=January 25, 2003|accessdate=July 21, 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Billboard – Maxi Single Sales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Q0EAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Hot+Dance+Music/Maxi-Singles+Sales+solange&pg=PA25|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|accessdate=November 7, 2016|date=January 11, 2003|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051106/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Q0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=%22Hot+Dance+Music%2FMaxi-Singles+Sales+solange}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ''Solo Star'' na Jenụwarị 21, 2003, na United States, ebe ọ rụrụ arụ na nọmba 49 na <nowiki><i id="mwvw">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 wee ruo nọmba 23 na Top R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. <ref name="ConcepcionTop">{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045367/solange-not-out-to-top-sister-beyonce-on-new-album|author=Concepcion|first=Mariel|date=May 16, 2008|title=Solange Not Out To Top Sister Beyoncé On New Album|work=[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]|publisher=Nielsen Business Media|accessdate=July 21, 2008|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051117/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045367/solange-not-out-to-top-sister-beyonce-on-new-album}}</ref> ''Solo Star'' nwere nnabata dị egwu agwakọta: William Ruhlmann nke AllMusic kpọrọ ya " album R&B nke ọgbara ọhụrụ ", mana e weere na Knowles "efunahụ ebe na ngwakọta". <ref>{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r625601|pure_url=yes}}|title=Solo Star: Solange Knowles|author=Ruhlmann|first=William|work=AllMusic|accessdate=January 31, 2009}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti 2008, album ahụ erela 112,000 n'ime ụlọ dịka Nielsen SoundScan si kwuo. <ref name="ConcepcionTop" /> === 2004–2008: Ihe nkiri na ''Sol-Angel na Hadley St. Dreams'' === [[Usòrò:Solange_Knowles_@_The_Ruby_Lounge,_Manchester,_(14_11_08)_(3041189101).jpg|thumb| Ndị maara ihe na-eme na Manchester na 2008]] Mgbe ahapụchara album mbụ ya, Knowles malitere ime ihe nkiri na fim, ezumike ọrụ sochiri ya ịmalite ezinụlọ. Na 2004, ọ ọbịa-kpakpando na ihe omume akpọrọ " The Catch " na sitcom ''One on One'' . Knowles pụtara dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na ihe nkiri 2004 na-atọ ọchị ''Johnson Family Vacation'', na-esonyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri America Cedric the Entertainer, [[Vanessa Williams]] na Bow Wow. <ref name="MossTrio"/> O nyere egwu, " Nnwere onwe ", mmekorita ya na ìgwè funk-jazz nke Houston nke Drop Trio, maka ụda ụda ya. Ọ bụ ezie na nyocha ndị ahụ na-abụkarị ndị na-adịghị mma, Knowles nwetara otuto site n'aka ''Ụdị dị iche iche'', bụ nke kwubiri na ọ "fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke dị ka nnukwu nwanne nwanyị Beyoncé ma na-eme ntakịrị karịa ịmụmụ ọnụ ọchị na-emeri emeri na mbụ bigscreen outing." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117923532.html?categoryid=31&cs=1|title=Johnson Family Vacation|author=Lowry|first=Brian|date=April 7, 2004|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=February 3, 2009}}</ref> Na 2006, ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye isi na-anụ ụtọ na fim ahụ ''Weta Ya Na: Ihe niile ma ọ bụ Ọ dịghị ihe'', nkeji nke atọ nke usoro <nowiki><i id="mw6w">weta ya</i></nowiki>, yana onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye ọbụ abụ America Hayden Panettiere . Obere mmeghachi omume dị oke mkpa nke ihe nkiri na-emefu ego dị ala, na-aga n'ihu na-DVD nwetara adịghị mma, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bring_it_on_all_or_nothing/|title=Bring It On: All or Nothing (2006)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=August 8, 2006|accessdate=February 3, 2009|archivedate=January 29, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129105814/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bring_it_on_all_or_nothing/}}</ref> na Knowles kọwara dịka "starlet ntorobịa na-akwụ ụgwọ". <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://efilmcritic.com/review.php?movie=14815&reviewer=392|title=Bring It On: All or Nothing|author=Cornelius, David|publisher=Efilmcritic.com|date=August 10, 2006|accessdate=February 3, 2009}}</ref> Knowles na-eji aha ya n'uju eme ihe, ọ bụghị naanị aha mbụ ọ na-eji mgbe ọ na-abụ abụ; maka ''weta ya: Ihe niile ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla'', a na-akwụ ya ụgwọ dị ka Solange Knowles-Smith, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abcfamily.go.com/abcfamily/path/section_Movies+BringItOnAllOrNothing/page_Detail|title=Bring It On: All Or Nothing|publisher=[[Freeform (TV channel)|ABC Family]]|accessdate=January 1, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822211011/http://abcfamily.go.com/abcfamily/path/section_Movies%2BBringItOnAllOrNothing/page_Detail|archivedate=August 22, 2008}}</ref> na-egosipụta ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye ya n'oge ahụ. Mgbe ọ lụrụ di na nwunye, ezinụlọ ya kwagara [[Idaho]], mgbe ọ nọkwa ebe ahụ, ọ maliteghachiri ide abụ gụnyere ndị otu " Get Me Bodied "na" Upgrade U " site na album nke abụọ nke nwanne ya nwanyị, ''B'Day'' . <ref name="Co-Publishing Deal">{{Cite web|url=http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release.do?id=762009|date=August 20, 2007|title=Solange Knowles Signs a Worldwide Co-Publishing Deal With EMI Music Publishing|accessdate=August 23, 2007|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051109/http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release.do?id=762009}}</ref> Knowles nwetara nzere R&B na egwu Hip-Hop maka “Get Me Bodied” na 2008 ASCAP Awards . <ref name="ascap">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS28916+23-Jul-2008+PRN20080723|title=Solange Knowles Enjoys the #1 Spot Again|date=July 22, 2008|publisher=[[PR Newswire]]|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=November 5, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109183332/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS28916+23-Jul-2008+PRN20080723|archive-date=January 9, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge a, o dekwara abụ maka Destiny's Child, yana ndị otu Kelly Rowland na Michelle Williams . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/531568/2014-coachella-hotlist-5-things-to-know-about-solange-she-s-not-just-beyonce-s-sister|title=2014 Coachella Hotlist: 5 Things to Know About Solange (She's Not Just Beyoncé's Sister)|date=April 14, 2014|accessdate=September 15, 2020|archivedate=September 17, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917002015/https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/531568/2014-coachella-hotlist-5-things-to-know-about-solange-she-s-not-just-beyonce-s-sister}}</ref> Na 2004, mgbe ọ dị ime nwa ya nwoke, o mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na vidiyo egwu Destiny's Child maka " Soldier ". Mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm ya gasịrị, Knowles laghachiri na Houston ka ọ malite ịrụ ọrụ na album nke abụọ ya. Na 2007, Knowles megharịrị njikwa ya, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Geffen na nkwekọrịta mbipụta na EMI . <ref name="EdwardsFlying">{{Cite web|url=http://www.essence.com/2007/10/05/solange-knowles-flying-solo/|title=Solange Knowles Flying Solo|author=Edwards|first=Jeanine|work=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]]|accessdate=November 3, 2008|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051113/https://www.essence.com/news/solange-knowles-flying-solo/}}</ref> Knowles kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ na album studio nke abụọ ya na 2008 wee kpọọ ọrụ ahụ ''Sol-Angel na Hadley St. Dreams'' . Ọ gụnyere mmepụta nke CeeLo Green, Soulshock &amp;amp; Karlin na Mark Ronson yana ọdịdị nke Bilal . Nchịkọta nke 1960s na 1970s metụtara egwu, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clutchmagonline.com/lifeculture/feature/destinys-child-solange-comes-of-age/|title=Destiny's Child: Solange Comes of Age|author=Arthur|first=Sylvia|date=July 1, 2008|work=Clutch|accessdate=November 6, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225004726/http://clutchmagonline.com/lifeculture/feature/destinys-child-solange-comes-of-age/|archivedate=December 25, 2010}}</ref> a na-ahụ ya dị ka ọpụpụ na mpụta mbụ ya, <ref name="BarkerDecided">{{Cite web|url=http://www.teenhollywood.com/printerversion.asp?r=175424|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919165210/http://www.teenhollywood.com/printerversion.asp?r=175424|archivedate=September 19, 2018|title=Solange Knowles: She's "Decided"!|author=Barker|first=Lynn|date=May 14, 2008|publisher=Teen Hollywood|accessdate=February 1, 2009}}</ref> <ref name="KennedyChannels">{{Cite news|url=http://www.fox59.com/pages/landing_american_dad/?Solange-Knowles-little-sister-to-Beyonce=1&blockID=47623&feedID=13|title=Solange Knowles, little sister to Beyonce, channels her inner soul with her sophomore CD|author=Kennedy|first=Mark|date=September 3, 2008|publisher=[[WXIN (TV)|WXIN-TV]]|accessdate=February 1, 2009|archive-date=September 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919165204/https://fox59.com/pages/landing_american_dad/?Solange-Knowles-little-sister-to-Beyonce=1&blockID=47623&feedID=13|url-status=dead}}</ref> ya na ihe ''Billboard'' kpọrọ "ọzọ nke ntụgharị ọgbara ọhụrụ na hip-hop na R&B na-agbagharị na tinges. nke blues na jazz ". <ref name="ConcepcionTop"/> E wepụtara album ahụ n’August 26, 2008, na United States. Ka ọ na-erule Disemba 2008, ọba ahụ erela ihe karịrị 114,000 dị ka Nielsen SoundScan siri kwuo. Ndị nkatọ nabatara album ahụ nke ọma, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/solange/solangelandthehadleystdreams|title=''Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams'' by Solange|work=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=August 16, 2008|archivedate=August 27, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827101811/http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/solange/solangelandthehadleystdreams}}</ref> ya na Ian Griffin nke ''The Guardian'' na-atụle na ọ ka mma karịa mpụta mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/nov/10/popandrock|title=Solange|author=Gittins|first=Ian|date=November 10, 2008|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=January 31, 2009}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ otu ụzọ album ahụ, " I Decided ", n'April 2008, wee rute n'elu chaatị ''Billboard'' Hot Dance Club Play ; <ref name="CaulfieldSolange">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/09/24/on-the-breaking-blog-solange/ |title=On the Breaking Blog: Solange |date=September 24, 2008 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=January 31, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927171441/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/09/24/on-the-breaking-blog-solange/ |archive-date=September 27, 2008 }}</ref> ''Rolling Stone'' kpọrọ ya otu ọganihu ya. Na nkwado nke album ahụ, Knowles malitere Solange Presents Sol-Angel na Hadley St. Dreams Tour na Britain na Nọvemba 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.polydor.co.uk/topstories.php?story=50|title=Solange Announces UK Dates|date=October 3, 2008|publisher=[[Polydor Records]]|accessdate=November 9, 2008|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120910201857/http://www.polydor.co.uk/topstories.php?story=50|archivedate=September 10, 2012}}</ref> Knowles kwuputara site na blọọgụ ya na ọ ga-ewepụta usoro mixtapes iji kwekọọ na ọba ahụ. Ngwakọta agwakọta nke mbụ, ''enweghị m ike ịnweta mkpochapụ…'' , na-agụnye egwu agbapụrụ agbapụ " Fuck the Industry (Eji Ezi obi bịanyere aka na ya) ". Na ndekọ a, Knowles kwupụtara echiche ya banyere ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ egwu dị ugbu a. Egwu na aha egwu ahụ na-enyocha ụfọdụ ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Mary J. Blige, Ashanti, Keyshia Cole, na Beyoncé, ọ bụ ezie na o mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọ nweghị "ìhè na-adịghị mma nye onye ọ bụla n'ime [ha]". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solangel.typepad.com/|title=Awwwwwhhhh Dammmmnnn........|date=August 1, 2008|publisher=Solangel.typepad.com|accessdate=November 3, 2008|archivedate=December 19, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219010714/http://www.solangel.typepad.com/}}</ref> Ọ dịghị mgbe ewepụtara mixtape, ma Knowles wepụtara "Fuck the Industry (Ejinyere Ezi Obi)" dị ka otu na 2010. === 2009–2014: ''Ezi'' EP na Akwụkwọ Nsọ === [[Usòrò:Solange_at_the_SPIN_party,_SXSW_(8702558463).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ndị maara ihe na-eme na SXSW 2013]] N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na MTV na 2009, Knowles kpughere na ọ na-ekpebi ụdị ụda maka nsonye ''Sol-Angel na Hadley St. Dreams'' . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609288/20090415/knowles_solange.jhtml|title=Will New Solange Album Have A Duet With Sister Beyoncé?|author=Vena|first=Jocelyn|date=April 15, 2009|publisher=MTV|accessdate=April 17, 2009|archive-date=April 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419090523/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609288/20090415/knowles_solange.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge a, Knowles kewakwara ụzọ ya na Interscope-Geffen-A&amp;amp;M ndekọ otu akara. Ọ ga-ewepụta album studio nke atọ ya n'adabereghị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2009/10/31/solange-exits-interscope-records|accessdate=December 2, 2009|title=Solange Exits Interscope Records|date=October 31, 2009|publisher=Rap-Up.com|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051123/https://www.rap-up.com/2009/10/31/solange-exits-interscope-records/}}</ref> Na mbido 2010, Knowles gara Australia ka ya na ndị otu rock rock Midnight Juggernauts rụọ ọrụ na ọba studio nke atọ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=An interview w/ Midnight Juggernauts w/ pics from Brooklyn|url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/an-interview-w-41//|accessdate=February 24, 2021|work=BrooklynVegan|date=July 28, 2010|archivedate=February 9, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209211812/https://www.brooklynvegan.com/an-interview-w-41/}}</ref> Knowles zubere ịhapụ ọba ahụ n'oge ọkọchị dị ka ekpughere na akaụntụ Twitter ya na 2009. O gosikwara na Twitter na ọ gbaziri ụlọ na Santa Barbara, California ka ọ banye n'otu ọnọdụ uche mgbe ọ na-ede ma na-eme egwu. Na Mee 7, 2010, Knowles mere onye ọbịa na ihe ngosi ụmụaka a ma ama, ''Yo Gabba Gabba!'' maka "Ụbọchị Ndị Nne Pụrụ Iche" ebe ọ rụrụ egwu mbụ akpọrọ "Momma Loves Baby". N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Vibe'' na July 7, 2010, Knowles kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ "obere nkwụsịtụ " mgbe ọ na-edekọ album ọhụrụ ya: "Enwere m ike ịhapụ mmụọ m ruo oge ụfọdụ iji mee ndekọ a. [...] Anyị N'ezie na-eteta n'ụtụtụ ma na-eme egwu ụbọchị niile na abalị dum [...] Ọ ka malitere iyi m n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche. Knowles kọwara otú o si achụ àjà "n'uche, mmetụta uche na ego", na-aga n'ihu, "Ọ bụ ihe karịrị otu album nye m. Ọ bụ oge mgbanwe ná ndụ m." Banyere ntụziaka egwu nke album ahụ, o kwuru na mmụọ nsọ sitere na ebili mmiri ọhụrụ wee kwuo, "Nke a bụ ndekọ ịgba egwu, mana egwu egwu nwere ike ịgba ọchịchịrị mgbe ụfọdụ." Na Septemba 2012, Knowles wepụtara vidiyo teaser maka " Ịlafu gị ", nke a mara ọkwa dịka onye ndu otu sitere na EP ''True'' . Ntọhapụ a kara akara ntọhapụ izizi Knowles dị ka onye nbinye aka nke akara aha kwụụrụ onwe ya egwu egwu . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solange-k.net/wordpress/2012/09/02/solange-shoots-video-for-losing-you-in-south-africa/|title=solange-k.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905012829/http://www.solange-k.net/wordpress/2012/09/02/solange-shoots-video-for-losing-you-in-south-africa/|archivedate=September 5, 2012}}</ref> A gbara vidiyo a na [[Cape Town|Cape Town, South Africa]] na mbido Septemba 2012. Knowles kpughere na N'ajụjụ ọnụ nne ya Tina kwụrụ maka Knowles na ndị enyi ya ka ha fepụ wee dekọọ vidiyo dị ka onyinye ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya. Na October 24, 2012, Knowles mere oriri na-ege ntị na New York City maka EP ''True'' ya, wepụtara maka nbudata dijitalụ na iTunes na Nọvemba 27, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/10/25/solange-previews-true-ep-at-new-york-listening-party/|title=Solange Previews 'True' EP at New York Listening Party|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=October 25, 2012|accessdate=May 14, 2014|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051123/https://www.rap-up.com/2012/10/25/solange-previews-true-ep-at-new-york-listening-party/}}</ref> Enyere CD na vinyl na Jenụwarị 8, 2013. Mgbe EP wepụtara, Knowles pụtara na mkpuchi nke mbipụta 84th nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Fader'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2013/02/12/solange-rise-and-shine|title=Solange: Rise and Shine|work=[[The Fader]]|accessdate=August 21, 2020|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051123/https://www.thefader.com/2013/02/12/solange-rise-and-shine}}</ref> == Mmezu ==   Na 59th Annual Grammy Awards (2017), Knowles meriri ya mbụ Grammy Award, maka Best R&amp;amp;B Performance maka egwu ya " Cranes in the Sky ", onye ndu na naanị otu sitere na album nke atọ ya, ''A oche na Tebụl'' (2016), nke bụ nhọpụta onyinye Grammy mbụ nke Knowles. Na 2017, o nwetakwara ihe nrite <nowiki><i id="mwA4I">Glamour</i></nowiki> maka Nwanyị nke Afọ, wee bụrụ onye mmeri mbụ nke <nowiki><i id="mwA4Q">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Impact Award . Knowles emeriela ọtụtụ ihe nrite ndị ọzọ gụnyere onyinye nturu ugo BET, ihe nrite egwu egwu mkpụrụ obi, na onyinye Webby . == Ntụaka == Knowles na ndị enyi ya ka ha fepụ wee dekọọ vidiyo dị ka onyinye ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya. Na October 24, 2012, Knowles mere oriri na-ege ntị na New York City maka EP True ya, wepụtara maka nbudata dijitalụ na iTunes na Nọvemba 27, 2012. Enyere CD na vinyl na Jenụwarị 8, 2013. Mgbe EP wepụtara, Knowles pụtara na mkpuchi nke mbipụta 84th nke akwụkwọ akụkọ FaderKnowles na ndị enyi ya ka ha fepụ wee dekọọ vidiyo dị ka onyinye ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya. Na October 24, 2012, Knowles mere oriri na-ege ntị na New York City maka EP ''True'' ya, wepụtara maka nbudata dijitalụ na [[iTunes]] na Nọvemba 27, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/10/25/solange-previews-true-ep-at-new-york-listening-party/|title=Solange Previews 'True' EP at New York Listening Party|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=October 25, 2012|accessdate=May 14, 2014|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101051123/https://www.rap-up.com/2012/10/25/solange-previews-true-ep-at-new-york-listening-party/}}</ref> Enyere CD na vinyl na Jenụwarị 8, 2013. Mgbe EP wepụtara, Knowles pụtara na mkpuchi nke mbipụta 84th nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[The Fader|Fader]]''{{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Articles with hCards]] [[Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Òtù:Articles with short description]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] se031ys1c5xx4cpdag6jaaar3al4az2 0 47144 728198 691669 2026-09-26T12:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 15 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''DeAndre Cortez Way''' (amuru July 28, 1990), onye amara dika '''Soulja Boy''' (nke bu '''Soulja Boy Tell 'Em''' n'oge gara aga), bu onye egwu America na onye na-edekọ ihe si Atlanta, Georgia. Ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe ọ tọhapụrụ onwe ya na 2007 mpụta mbụ, " Crank That (Soulja Boy) " gbagoro na <nowiki><i id="mwHg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 maka izu asaa na-abụghị usoro. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.8073/title.soulja-boy-will-i-am-akon-take-youtube-live|title=Soulja Boy, Will.i.am, Akon Take YouTube Live|author=HipHopDX|date=November 12, 2008|work=HipHopDX|accessdate=December 17, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818033707/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.8073/title.soulja-boy-will-i-am-akon-take-youtube-live|archivedate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> Mgbe emezigharị azụmahịa ya site na Collipark Music, akara nke Interscope Records, egwu na ntinye ya, " Soulja Girl " dugara ntọhapụ nke album studio mbụ ya, ''Souljaboytellem.com'' (2007). N'agbanyeghị nnabata dị oke egwu na-adịghị mma, ọ ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ anọ na <nowiki><i id="mwJw">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 wee mepụta otu " Yahhh!. " Ndekọ ya nke abụọ, ''iSouljaBoyTellem'' (2008) - nke ''Billboard'' Hot 100-top 20 na-akwado " Tụgharịa My Swag On " na " Kiss Me Thru the Phone " (na-egosi Sammie ) - nwetara nnabata azụmahịa na-agafeghị oke na mbelata ọzọ dị oke egwu. nnabata. Edepụtara Way na nọmba 18 na ndepụta ''Forbes'' nke Hip-Hop Cash Kings nke 2010, ebe ọ nwetara US $ 7 nde n'afọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/08/topic/topic/featured/forbes-list-the-2010-hip-hop-cash-kings-jay-z-remains-king-of-kings/|title=Forbes List The 2010 Hip-Hop Cash Kings (Jay-Z Remains King Of Kings) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=August 17, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521095001/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/08/topic/topic/featured/forbes-list-the-2010-hip-hop-cash-kings-jay-z-remains-king-of-kings/|archivedate=May 21, 2011}}</ref> Ndekọ ya nke atọ, ''The DeAndre Way'' (2010) - nke ndị otu 40 kachasị na-akwado " Pretty Boy Swag " - hụrụ mbelata nke ukwuu na nnabata azụmahịa tupu ya kewaa ụzọ na Interscope maka ọrụ nweere onwe ya . Way abụrụla ihe ama ama maka ojiji ọsụ ụzọ ya nke mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na usoro ịre ahịa dijitalụ n'oge ewu ewu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/growing-a-business/soulja-boy-is-the-og-growth-hacker/286605|title=Soulja Boy is the OG Growth Hacker|date=December 16, 2016}}</ref> N'èzí ndekọ, ọ gbasoro ọrụ n'akụkụ gụnyere mmepe egwuregwu vidiyo, mmepụta ihe ndekọ maka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe, na akara ndekọ ya Stacks on Deck Entertainment, site na nke o debanyere ndị rappers gụnyere [[Lil B]] na Riff Raff . Ọ natala onyinye nhọpụta Grammy Award, yana onyinye BET atọ na ntinye aha Teen Choice Award anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gosocial.co/albums-that-killed-the-artists-career/|title=Albums That Killed the Artist's Career}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Way na [[Chicago]] na mgbe ọ dị afọ isii kwagara Atlanta, <ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|author=Cordor|first=Cyril|title=Soulja Boy Tell Em - Biography|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p984247|pure_url=yes}}|work=Allmusic|year=2007}}</ref> ebe ọ nwere mmasị na [[Hip hop music|egwu rap]] . <ref name="soundclick">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soundclick.com/members/default.cfm?member=Soulja-Boy|title=Soulja-Boy's SoundClick page|work=soundclick.com|accessdate=October 18, 2007|archivedate=August 17, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817234945/http://www.soundclick.com/members/default.cfm?member=Soulja-Boy}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, ọ kwagara Batesville, [[Mississippi]], ya na nna ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Soulja Boy|url=https://www.bet.com/topics/s/soulja-boy.html?cid=facebook|accessdate=August 22, 2021|work=BET.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822141212/https://www.bet.com/topics/s/soulja-boy.html?cid=facebook|archive-date=August 22, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ egwu == === 2004–2007: Ndekọ mbụ na iwulite ịntanetị na-eso === Nna Way nyere ụlọ ihe ndekọ maka Way iji nyochaa ebumnuche egwu ya. <ref name="allmusic"/> Ná mmalite 2005, ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ ozi ugboro ugboro na weebụsaịtị Newgrounds, <ref>{{Cite web|title=SouljaBoy|url=https://souljaboy.newgrounds.com/|accessdate=2024-05-04|work=Newgrounds.com|language=en|archivedate=2024-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070252/https://souljaboy.newgrounds.com/}}</ref> <ref>https://twitter.com/souljaboy/status/204956603710050304?lang=en</ref> na na Nọvemba n'otu afọ ahụ, Way biputere na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ egwu SoundClick . N'ịgbaso nyocha dị mma na saịtị ahụ, o guzobere akaụntụ na [[YouTube]] na Myspace . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/SouljaBoy|title=Soulja Boy|work=YouTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myspace.com/souljaboytellem|title=Featured Content on Myspace|work=Myspace|accessdate=July 20, 2015}}</ref> Na Maachị 2007, o wepụtara album mbụ ya nọọrọ onwe ya, ''Unsigned &amp;amp; Still Major: Da Album Tupu da Album'' . === 2007–2011: ''Souljaboytellem.com'', ''iSouljaBoyTellem'', na ''Ụzọ DeAndre'' === [[Usòrò:Soulja_Boy.jpg|alt=|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|220x220px| Soulja Boy na-eme " Crank That (Soulja Boy) " na February 2008.]] Nakwa na Machị 2007, Way dekọrọ " Crank That (Soulja Boy) ", sochiri vidiyo na-emefu ego dị ala nke na-egosi ịgba egwu "Crank That". Na Mee 2, a tọhapụrụ "Crank That" dị ka otu; N'ọgwụgwụ ọnwa, ọ natara egwuregwu ikuku mbụ ya, Way zutere Mr. Collipark ka ha bịanye aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ndekọ na aha ndekọ ya Collipark Music, bụ nke mechara banye n'ịgbakọ ọnụ na Interscope Records n'oge na-adịghị anya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parlemag.com/interviews/artists-interviews/soulja-boy-turns-his-swag-on/|title=Soulja Boy Turns His Swag On – Our Soulja Boy Interview|date=December 1, 2009|work=Parlemag.com}}</ref> N'August 12, a na-eji "Crank That" mee ihe na usoro telivishọn ''Entourage'', na na September 1 ọ tolitere na chaatị US <nowiki><i id="mweg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 na Hot RingMasters . <ref>Vibe Magazine. </ref> N'oge 50th Annual Grammy Awards, "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" bụ onye a họpụtara maka Best Rap Song, na-efunahụ [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]] 's na T-Pain 's " Ezi Ndụ ". Way's isi label mpụta mbụ album, ''Souljaboytellem.com'', wepụtara na United States na October 2, <ref name="amg tell em">Jeffries, David. </ref> peaking na ọnụ ọgụgụ anọ na ma <nowiki><i id="mwiQ">Billboard 200 na Top R</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B/Hip-Hop Albums chaatị. <ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1209589|pure_url=yes}} All Music Chart - Souljaboytellem.com]</ref> A kọrọ na e dekọrọ ọba ahụ site na iji naanị ụdị ngosi FL Studio . <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soundclick.com/bands/default.cfm?bandID=372975|title=SoundClick artist: Soulja Boy - Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - Interscope Records in Stores now!|work=SoundClick}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/teamonsmash/video/x2ysmb_50-cent-soulja-boy_fun|title=50 Cent & Soulja Boy|author=Team OnSMASH|work=Dailymotion|date=September 13, 2007}}</ref> ''Souljaboytellem.com'' nwetara nlebanya dị mma site na Allmusic <ref name="amg tell em" /> mana ọ bụ nyocha na-adịghị mma sitere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ, dịka ''Entertainment Weekly'' . Ọtụtụ ndị nyocha kwuru na Soulja Boy na-ebute ụzọ ọhụrụ na hip-hop, ebe ha na-ekwu na ọ ga-abụ ihe ịtụnanya otu . <ref name="mania">{{Cite web|url=http://www.411mania.com/music/album_reviews/60943|title=Soulja Boy - Souljaboytellem.com Review|accessdate=December 27, 2007|author=Robinson|first=Patrick|publisher=411mania.com, LLC|quote=...{{nbsp}}not a chore to listen to in that sense and Soulja Boy does show some signs of youthful enthusiasm.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.www.udreview.com/media/storage/paper781/news/2007/10/02/Mosaic/Soulja.Boy.Tell.em.souljaboytellem.com.Reviewed-3004601.shtml|title=''The Review'' - Review of ''Souljaboytellem.com''|accessdate=June 11, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715040359/http://media.www.udreview.com/media/storage/paper781/news/2007/10/02/Mosaic/Soulja.Boy.Tell.em.souljaboytellem.com.Reviewed-3004601.shtml|archivedate=July 15, 2009}}</ref> Ihe nleba anya na ''Souljaboytellem.com'', ''iSouljaBoyTellem'', ka ewepụtara na December 16, 2008, na nnabata na-adịghị mma. <ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Winnipeg Sun (Manitoba)|date=December 15, 2008|title=Reviewing the final new CDs of 2008; Soulja Boy Tell Em|quote=It isn't easy being Soulja. Everybody from Ice-T to LeBron James has been hating on the 18-year-old rapper and his hit Crank That. But before you feel sorry for him, crank his second CD. Then again, don't. Between the tossed-off shallowness of his tracks and the monotony of his repetitive vocals, you might decide the only thing worse than being Soulja Boy is listening to him|author=Darryl Sterdan}}</ref> Nke mbụ sitere na album ahụ, " Nnụnụ Walk ", gbagoro na nọmba 40 na chaatị ''Billboard'' Hot R&amp;amp;B/Hip-Hop na 20 kachasị na eserese Hot Rap Tracks . Emere ya na YouTube Live na Nọvemba 22, 2008, yana mmeghe sitere na MC Hammer . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0puX3pHhGMc|title=Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - YouTube Live Performance|publisher=YouTube|date=November 22, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011}}</ref> " Kiss Me Thru the Phone " (featuring Sammie ) sochiri, na-arị elu na nọmba atọ na Hot 100 na nọmba nke mbụ na chaatị Hot Rap Tracks. <ref>{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p984247|pure_url=yes}}|title=Soulja Boy Tell Em - Charts and Awards - Billboard Singles|publisher=allmusic|accessdate=February 18, 2009}}</ref> Chris Brown bụ nhọrọ mbụ Way mere ịgụ nko ahụ, mana nkwanye ùgwù jụrụ onyinye ahụ. Way wee nwaa ime ya n'onwe ya site na iji Auto-Tune mana ọ bụ ihe a na-anabataghị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dallasobserver.com/2009-08-20/music/the-five-most-interesting-things-you-didn-t-know-about-soulja-boy/|title=Dallas Music - The Five Most Interesting Things You Didn't Know About Soulja Boy - page 1|work=[[Dallas Observer]]|accessdate=August 20, 2009|author=Westhoff|first=Ben|date=August 19, 2009|archivedate=May 26, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526184836/http://www.dallasobserver.com/2009-08-20/music/the-five-most-interesting-things-you-didn-t-know-about-soulja-boy/}}</ref> Egwu ahụ rere ihe karịrị nde nde abụọ dijitalụ na US, na-aghọ ụzọ nke abụọ ruo nde abụọ nbudata. <ref>[http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/33675/week-ending-may-17-2009-three-days-is-plenty-for-green-day/ Week Ending May 17, 2009: Three Days Is Plenty For Green Day] Yahoo Music Blog (written by Paul Grein): Retrieved May 20, 2009</ref> <ref name="yahoo">{{Cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/41066/week-ending-aug-23-2009-over-50-and-still-on-top/|title=Week Ending Aug. 23, 2009: Over 50 And Still On Top|first=Paul|author=Grein|publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]]|accessdate=August 26, 2009}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 26, 2009, Way wepụtara nke atọ, " Turn My Swag On ". Ọ tolitere chaatị rap nke US wee nọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ 19 na ''Billboard'' Hot 100. {{As of|2009|08|23}}, ọ rere ihe karịrị nde 1 nbudata dijitalụ na US <ref name="yahoo" /> [[Usòrò:Soulja_Boy_Tell_'Em_on_YouTube_Live.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|212x212px| Nwa nwoke Soulja na YouTube Live na Nọvemba 2008.]] Way kwuru na album studio ya nke atọ, ''The DeAndre Way'', <ref name="SOHH">{{Cite web|author=Harper|first=Rosario|url=http://www.sohh.com/2010/08/soulja_boy_tell_em_suffers_deandre_way_s.html|title=Soulja Boy Tell Em Suffers "DeAndre Way" Setback|publisher=Sohh.Com|date=August 26, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=August 29, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829073721/http://www.sohh.com/2010/08/soulja_boy_tell_em_suffers_deandre_way_s.html}}</ref> bu n'obi ka ọ bụrụ ọba ya kachasị nke onwe yana nke na-aga nke ọma ruo ugbu a. O kwuru na ya chọrọ ka ya na ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Jay-Z, Lil Wayne, [[Kanyé West|Kanye West]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1611119/20090511/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml|title=Soulja Boy Tell'em Wants Jay-Z, Lil Wayne On DeAndre Way|work=MTV News|accessdate=2024-06-06|archivedate=2009-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802084704/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1611119/20090511/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml}}</ref> na [[Eminem]] na-arụkọ ọrụ. <ref name="current.com">{{Cite web|url=http://current.com/entertainment/music/92321813_soulja-boy-speaks-on-new-album-dre.htm|title=Soulja Boy Speaks on New Album "Dre" // Current|publisher=Current.com|date=March 15, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003081207/http://current.com/entertainment/music/92321813_soulja-boy-speaks-on-new-album-dre.htm|archivedate=October 3, 2012}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ otu ụzọ album ahụ, "POW", na Jenụwarị 2009 mana o nweteghị ihe ịga nke ọma wee kpọọ ya otu nkwalite. Na October 30, 2009, Way wepụtara atọ mixtapes: ''Paranormal Activity'', ''Dat Piff'' na ''Cortez'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/10/topic/topic/music/new-soulja-boy-mixtapes/|title=New Soulja Boy Mixtapes &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103222/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/10/topic/topic/music/new-soulja-boy-mixtapes/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> A mara ọkwa na February 18, 2010, na mbụ otu sitere na album ga-abụ "All Black Everything", mana otu ahụ kagburu ma tinye egwu ahụ na mixtape nkwado ọzọ, ''Legendary'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/02/topic/topic/music/soulja-boy-legendary-mixtape/|title=Soulja Boy – Legendary Mixtape &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 27, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725102903/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/02/topic/topic/music/soulja-boy-legendary-mixtape/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Agbanwere aha ọba ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ''Dre'' na mmalite azụmahịa nke afọ 2010 nwere snippet vidiyo maka "Do It Big" dịka nke mbụ, mana nke a kagburu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/04/topic/topic/videos/commercial-for-soulja-boys-new-album-dre/|title=Commercial For Soulja Boy's New Album, "Dre" &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=April 5, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725102951/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/04/topic/topic/videos/commercial-for-soulja-boys-new-album-dre/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Aha ọba ahụ laghachiri na ''The DeAndre Way'' na Julaị 2010. Na June 8, 2010, otu onye ndu gọọmentị nke album ahụ bụ " Pretty Boy Swag ". Ọ ruru nọmba 34 na ''Billboard'' Hot 100, nọmba isii na eserese Hot R&B/Hip-Hop na nọmba ise na eserese Rap. <ref name="billboard">[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=soulja boy tell em|chart=all}} Artist Chart History - Soulja Boy Tell Em] Billboard.com</ref> Nke abụọ nke album bụ n'ihi na ọ ga-abụ "Digital", nke a na-eji kama na nkwado ya mixtape ''Best Rapper'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/12037/soulja_boy_best_rapper.html|title=Soulja Boy - Best Rapper - DJ Woogie, Evil Empire|publisher=Livemixtapes.com|accessdate=May 7, 2011}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, a mara ọkwa na " Ndị na-ekwu okwu na-aga Hammer "ga-abụ nke abụọ, mana " Blowing Me Kisses " wepụtara na August 31, 2010, dị ka nke abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rodriguez|first=Jayson|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1644479/20100726/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml|title=Soulja Boy Tell'em Prepping Second DeAndre Way Single, 'Speakers Going Hammer' News|publisher=MTV|date=July 27, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=July 29, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729121841/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1644479/20100726/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml}}</ref> Na October 13, Way rụrụ "Pretty Boy Swag" na snippet nke "Speakers Going Hammer". N'October 19, 2010, o wepụtara "Speakers Going Hammer" na iTunes; ọ gbagoro na nọmba 48 na egwu ''Billboard'' Hot R&B/Hip Hop. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/10/topic/topic/videos/bet-hip-hop-awards-performances-rick-ross-dipset-j-cole-antoine-dodson-more/|title=BET Hip Hop Awards Performances: Rick Ross, Dipset, J. Cole, Antoine Dodson and More &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=October 13, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103052/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/10/topic/topic/videos/bet-hip-hop-awards-performances-rick-ross-dipset-j-cole-antoine-dodson-more/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Ụzọ azụ na njem Summerbeatz na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na Nọvemba 2010, ebe ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Flo Rida, Jay Sean na Travie McCoy, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.take40.com/news/20885/ja-rule-replaces-soulja-boy-at-summerbeatz|title=Ja Rule Replaces Soulja Boy At Summerbeatz|publisher=[[Take40 Australia]]|accessdate=November 17, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222114009/http://www.take40.com/news/20885/ja-rule-replaces-soulja-boy-at-summerbeatz|archivedate=December 22, 2010}}</ref> iji malite njem nlegharị anya "Onye Ha Chọrọ" na-akwado album ya na-abịa. . A tọhapụrụ ''Ụzọ DeAndre'' na Nọvemba 30, 2010, ma ruo ugbu a  rere naanị 70,000, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọba egwu kacha ere Way Way. === 2011–2018: Ngwakọta agwakọta, EPs, ọba ndị nọọrọ onwe ha, na ''iguzosi ike n'ihe'' === Na 2011, Way wepụtara usoro mixtape. Nke mbụ, na Jenụwarị 22, akpọrọ ''Smooky'' ma nwee nka mkpuchi mkpuchi nke Way na-eme 360 n'ịnyịnya igwe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Smooky-mixtape.191718.html|title=Soulja Boy - Smooky // Free Mixtape @|publisher=Datpiff.com|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=April 26, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426025756/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Smooky-mixtape.191718.html}}</ref> Na March 17, Way wepụtara mixtape ''1UP'' nke nwere mkpuchi mkpuchi dabeere na ''Naruto'' anime, na Way na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ bụrụ na m nọ na egwuregwu vidiyo, mixtape a ga-eme ka m gaa n'ọkwa ọzọ na ndụ ọzọ. onyinye ọhụrụ." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/03/17/new-music-soulja-boy-1up-mixtape/|title=New Music: Soulja Boy – '1UP' [Mixtape&#93;|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=March 17, 2011|accessdate=May 7, 2011}}</ref> Na Eprel 20, Way wepụtara ''Juice'' mixtape ya na nka mkpuchi dabere na ihe nkiri nke otu aha ahụ . Way kwuru na ya ga-ahapụkwa obere ihe nkiri nke ya ka ọ soro mixtape, na na ọ na-aga ịdị ukwuu na mixtape. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/471969/soulja-boy-im-headed-for-greatness-with-juice-mixtape-mini-movie|title=Soulja Boy: 'I'm Headed for Greatness' with 'Juice' Mixtape, Mini-Movie - The Juice|publisher=Billboard|date=April 20, 2011|accessdate=May 7, 2011}}</ref> Na Julaị 15, Way wepụtara mixtape EP ya akpọrọ ''Bernaurd Arnault EP (Nbibi Limited)'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Bernard-Arnault-EP-Limited-Edition-mixtape.251283.html|title=Soulja Boy - Bernard Arnault EP (Limited Edition) Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 6, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123601/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Bernard-Arnault-EP-Limited-Edition-mixtape.251283.html}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ na August 1, Way wepụtara ọzọ ep mixtape aha ''21: EP'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-21-EP-mixtape.257596.html|title=Soulja Boy - 21: EP Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|date=August 1, 2011|accessdate=November 22, 2016|archivedate=March 1, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301133253/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-21-EP-mixtape.257596.html}}</ref> Na August 31, Way wepụtara mixtape ''The Crown Ikpeazụ'', mkpuchi nke mixtape dabeere na ihe osise nke Flammarion Engraving . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2011/09/01/soulja-boys-the-last-crown-mixtape/|title=Soulja Boy's The Last Crown Mixtape|author=Andrew Noz|work=The FADER}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-Last-Crown-mixtape.262854.html|title=Soulja Boy - The Last Crown Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 6, 2012|archivedate=October 5, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005092249/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-Last-Crown-mixtape.262854.html}}</ref> Na Septemba 2011, Way kwadoro na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na album ọhụrụ, ''Nkwa'', nke a ga-ewepụta na October. <ref name="youtube.com">{{Cite web|author=SouljaBoy|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3X3cPZlWaQ|title=Soulja Boy - S.Beezy TV Webisodes: New Album part 1|publisher=YouTube|date=September 16, 2011|accessdate=November 24, 2011}}</ref> Way weputara mkpuchi na aha nke album ya nke abụọ nọọrọ onwe ya site na Twitter, akpọrọ ''Skate Boy'', yana ọkwa na ọ ga-adị na ụlọ ahịa na Nọvemba 1. <ref name="twitter1">{{Cite web|author=Volledige naam|url=https://www.twitter.com/souljaboy/media/slideshow?url=pic.twitter.com%2FDqiH13n7|title=Twitter|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="hiphop-n-more1">{{Cite web|author=Angelo|url=http://hiphop-n-more.com/2011/10/soulja-boy-skate-boy-album-cover/|title=Soulja Boy – Skate Boy (Album Cover) &#124; HipHop-N-More|publisher=Hiphop-n-more.com|date=October 1, 2011|accessdate=November 24, 2011}}</ref> Na Septemba 19, Way wepụtara mixtape ''Supreme'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-SBeezy-Supreme-mixtape.263011.html|title=Soulja Boy (S.Beezy) - Supreme Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 6, 2012|archivedate=July 19, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719090416/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-SBeezy-Supreme-mixtape.263011.html}}</ref> N'October 30, ewepụtara ''Skate Boy (Deluxe Edition)'' dị ka mixtape, kama ịbụ ọba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Skate-Boy-Deluxe-Edition-mixtape.278041.html|title=Soulja Boy - Skate Boy (Deluxe Edition) Hosted by SODMG, Ocean Gang, Rich Kingz, Alien Team|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123625/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Skate-Boy-Deluxe-Edition-mixtape.278041.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/15176/soulja_boy_skate_boy.html|title=Soulja Boy - Skate Boy|work=LiveMixtapes}}</ref> Na Disemba 30, 2011, Way wepụtara mixtape ọzọ akpọrọ ''Gold On Deck'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Gold-On-Deck-mixtape.298767.html|title=Soulja Boy - Gold On Deck|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123634/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Gold-On-Deck-mixtape.298767.html}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Way wepụtara mixtape ndị ọzọ ebe album ya gara n'ihu na-egbu oge. Na Jenụwarị 9, Way wepụtara mixtape maka mmalite nke afọ, akpọrọ ''50/13'', na mkpuchi dabere na nke ASAP Rocky 's mixtape ''Live.'' ''Ịhụnanya.'' ''ASAP'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-5013-mixtape.302427.html|title=Soulja Boy - 50/13 Hosted by SODMG Ent.|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123643/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-5013-mixtape.302427.html}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 24, Way wepụtara mixtape mmekorita ya na onye na-ese ihe ya bụ Young L akpọrọ ''Mario & Domo vs. the World'' nwere nka mkpuchi dabere na egwuregwu vidiyo ''Super Mario Bros.'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-L-Mario-Domo-Vs-The-World-mixtape.307889.html|title=Soulja Boy and Young L - Mario & Domo Vs. The World Hosted by SODMG Ent.|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123614/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-L-Mario-Domo-Vs-The-World-mixtape.307889.html}}</ref> Na Machị 23, Way wepụtara mixtape akpọrọ ''OBEY'' nke gosipụtara ya. otu mgbasa ozi "Ọ gwụchara". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Obey-mixtape.328307.html|title=Soulja Boy - Obey Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=October 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027123638/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Obey-mixtape.328307.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2012/03/23/download-soulja-boys-obey-mixtape/|title=Download Soulja Boy's Obey Mixtape|author=Naomi Zeichner|work=The FADER}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Too Faded (featuring The Game) - Single by Soulja Boy|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/too-faded-feat.-game-single/id500906305|work=iTunes|publisher=Apple|accessdate=November 5, 2011}}</ref> Na June 3, 2012, Way kwuru banyere album ya na-abịa ''n'ihu'' wee kwuo na ya ewepụtala ọtụtụ mixtapes n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga n'ihi na ọ na-eche na ọ ga-ewepụta ọtụtụ egwu ma bụrụ ihe okike dị ka o kwere mee. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYaoKyPUoJM|title=Soulja Boy Discusses His Upcoming Album "Promise"|date=July 3, 2012|work=YouTube}}</ref> Na June 11, Way wepụtara mixtape mmekorita ọzọ na onye rapper Vinny Chase akpọrọ ''Double Cup City'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Vinny-Chae-Double-Cup-City-mixtape.361495.html|title=Soulja Boy & Vinny Cha$e - Double Cup City Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=July 16, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716042154/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Vinny-Chae-Double-Cup-City-mixtape.361495.html}}</ref> Na Septemba 4, Way wepụtara sequel mixtape ''Juice II'', nke Way laghachiri n'ụdị mmepụta ochie ya na ahịrị mmalite "Soulja Boy Tell 'Em". Ọ bụ mixtape kacha ebudatara Way. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Juice-II-mixtape.392026.html|title=Soulja Boy - Juice II Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 5, 2012|archivedate=September 5, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905012324/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Juice-II-mixtape.392026.html}}</ref> Ngwakọta ya nke akpọrọ ''Young & Flexin'' wepụtara na Nọvemba 6. <ref name="www.hiphopdx.com">{{Cite web|title=Mixtape Release Dates: Master P, Fashawn, Gunplay, Mickey Factz|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.21739/title.mixtape-release-dates-master-p-fashawn-gunplay-mickey-factz|date=November 5, 2012|accessdate=November 5, 2012|archivedate=November 8, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108011126/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.21739/title.mixtape-release-dates-master-p-fashawn-gunplay-mickey-factz}}</ref> Na Disemba 25, 2012, Way wepụtara ''LOUD'', nke bụ mixtape mbụ ya ekesara na iTunes. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-LOUD-mixtape.433673.html|title=Soulja Boy - LOUD Hosted by SODMG // Free Mixtape @|publisher=Datpiff.com|date=December 25, 2012|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archivedate=March 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301071234/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-LOUD-mixtape.433673.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/loud/id590911788|title=iTunes - Music - Loud by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|publisher=Itunes.apple.com|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082023/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/loud/id590911788|archive-date=April 25, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Akara 2013 site na igbu oge ọzọ nke ọba akwụkwọ mgbe nkwekọrịta ndekọ Way kubiri, ma ọ gara n'ihu wepụta mixtapes. Na February 22, Way wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya nke afọ, akpọrọ ''Foreign'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-mixtape.458433.html|title=Soulja Boy - Foreign Hosted by DJ Wats|work=DatPiff|accessdate=March 27, 2013|archivedate=March 13, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313103318/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-mixtape.458433.html}}</ref> Na March, a nụrụ kepu kepu na Way na-abanye na Cash Money Records mgbe ọ nwesịrị igbu egbugbu ihu na-ekwu "Rich Gang" otu izu ụka ahụ ya na onye njikwa ya na ndị na-ese ego Cash Money Birdman na Bow Wow hụrụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Starbury|first=Allen|url=http://www.ballerstatus.com/2013/03/12/soulja-boy-sign-cash-money-rich-gang-face-tattoo/|title=Soulja Boy To Sign With Cash Money? Gets 'Rich Gang' Face Tattoo|publisher=BallerStatus.com|date=March 12, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archivedate=April 10, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130410131355/http://www.ballerstatus.com/2013/03/12/soulja-boy-sign-cash-money-rich-gang-face-tattoo/}}</ref> Nke a gara n'ihu ka ọ gbakwụnyere "Rich Gang" ma ọ bụ "YMCMB" na nyiwe mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ya. Way kwuburu na ya esokwaghị Interscope Records mgbe nkwekọrịta ndekọ ya kwụsịrị na February. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/03/did-soulja-boy-sign-with-ymcmb|title=Did Soulja Boy Sign With YMCMB?|publisher=Complex|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archivedate=March 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322045604/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/03/did-soulja-boy-sign-with-ymcmb}}</ref> Way kwuputakwara na album ya ''eweghachila'' ''Nkwa USA DRE'' . Na Machị 15, o wepụtara otu mbụ na ọba egwu, akpọrọ "Handsome". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/bangers/2013/03/soulja-boy-handsome/|title=Soulja Boy, "Handsome"|work=XXL|date=March 11, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/handsome-single/id622611468|title=iTunes - Music - Handsome - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=March 15, 2013}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na March 25, ọ wepụtara EP, ''All Black'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/all-black-ep/id626908611|title=iTunes - Music - All Black - EP by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=March 25, 2013}}</ref> Na Eprel 24, Way wepụtara mixtape ''Foreign 2'' ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-2-mixtape.481503.html|title=Soulja Boy - Foreign 2 Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=April 26, 2013|archivedate=April 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427001615/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Foreign-2-mixtape.481503.html}}</ref> Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, Way kpugheere ihe mkpuchi ahụ na mixtape ya ọzọ akpọrọ ''King Soulja'' nke ewepụtara na May 5. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-reveals-new-mixtape-title-cover-art-and-release-date-news.5451.html|title=Soulja Boy Reveals New Mixtape Title, Cover Art and Release Date|author=Nicolas James|work=HotNewHipHop|date=April 28, 2013|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archivedate=May 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501075735/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-reveals-new-mixtape-title-cover-art-and-release-date-news.5451.html}}</ref> Na Mee 26, Way wepụtara EP ya nke abụọ akpọrọ ''Cuban Link'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cuban-link-ep/id655015296|title=iTunes - Music - Cuban Link EP by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=May 27, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Cuban-Link-EP-mixtape.492593.html|title=Soulja Boy - Cuban Link EP Hosted by RichGang|work=DatPiff|accessdate=June 17, 2013|archivedate=June 15, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615123933/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Cuban-Link-Ep-mixtape.492593.html}}</ref> Na June 13, Way kwupụtara mgbanwe aha album ọzọ, na ''Life After Fame'', na na a ga-ahapụ ya na ụlọ ahịa na July 30, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/souljaboy/status/347079145018257408|title=Soulja Boy on Twitter|work=Twitter}}</ref> Na June 25, Way wepụtara otu mbụ ya na album akpọrọ "Ridin Round" na iTunes, mana e mechara kpọọ ya otu nkwalite. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-ridin-round-song.1441347.html|title=Soulja Boy - Ridin Round|work=HotNewHipHop|date=June 24, 2013|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628011209/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-ridin-round-song.1441347.html|archive-date=June 28, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/souljaboy/status/349213459805782016|title=Soulja Boy on Twitter|work=Twitter}}</ref> Na June 30, Way wepụtara ''Life After Fame'' dị ka mixtape kama ịbụ ọba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Life-After-Fame-mixtape.515477.html|title=Soulja Boy - Life After Fame|work=DatPiff|accessdate=August 3, 2013|archivedate=August 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801194402/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Life-After-Fame-mixtape.515477.html}}</ref> Na Septemba 24, Way wepụtara mixtape ya akpọrọ ''23'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-23-mixtape.534646.html|title=Soulja Boy - 23 Hosted by Stacks On Deck|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 25, 2013|archivedate=September 25, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925155113/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-23-mixtape.534646.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-23-the-mixtape-mixtape.96696.html|title=Soulja Boy - 23|work=HotNewHipHop|date=September 24, 2013|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925163657/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-23-the-mixtape-mixtape.96696.html|archive-date=September 25, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na November 30, Way wepụtara mixtape ya ''The King'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-King-mixtape.555926.html|title=Soulja Boy - The King Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=March 2, 2014|archivedate=February 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209212019/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-The-King-mixtape.555926.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-the-king-mixtape.102675.html|title=Soulja Boy - The King|work=HotNewHipHop|date=November 30, 2013|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203041759/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-the-king-mixtape.102675.html|archive-date=December 3, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Disemba 28, 2013, onye na-agụ egwú / onye na-agụ egwú [[Drake]] jikọrọ aka na remixed Way's intro track "We made It" site na mixtape ya ''Eze'' . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/28/drake-we-made-it_n_4512569.html|title=Drake Releases 'We Made It' Freestyle Over Soulja Boy Track|work=The Huffington Post|date=December 28, 2013|author=Kristobak|first=Ryan}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Way gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na album studio nke anọ ya mgbe ya na ndị nka na-emekọ ihe na-ewepụta mixtape ọzọ. Na Machị 18, Way wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya nke afọ akpọrọ ''King Soulja 2'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-King-Soulja-2-mixtape.592105.html|title=Soulja Boy - King Soulja 2 Hosted by SODMG|work=DatPiff|accessdate=June 26, 2014|archivedate=March 19, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319162103/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-King-Soulja-2-mixtape.592105.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-king-soulja-2-new-mixtape.110087.html|title=Soulja Boy - King Soulja 2|work=HotNewHipHop|date=March 18, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321050007/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-king-soulja-2-new-mixtape.110087.html|archive-date=March 21, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/26722/soulja-boy-king-soulja-ii.html|title=Soulja Boy - King Soulja II|work=LiveMixtapes}}</ref> Na Eprel 20, Way wepụtara album dijitalụ mbụ ya ''Super Dope'', na-egosipụta ọdịdị sitere na Rapper Busta Rhymes . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/super-dope/id863241714|title=iTunes - Music - Super Dope by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=April 20, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709152834/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/super-dope/id863241714|archive-date=July 9, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Mee 19, Way mepụtara, dekọkwara ọnụ wee gosipụta ya na nkwalite nkwalite [[Nicki Minaj]] " Yasss Bish ", nke nwetara nlebanya dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2014/05/nicki-minaj-soulja-boy-yasss-bish|title=Nicki Minaj and Soulja Boy Collaborate On "Yasss Bish!!"|work=Fuse|accessdate=2024-06-06|archivedate=2025-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221123511/https://www.fuse.tv/2014/05/nicki-minaj-soulja-boy-yasss-bish}}</ref> Na June 8, Way kwupụtara na ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ọrụ mixtape ọhụrụ ya ''King Soulja 3'', nke ga-apụta ìhè site na Lil Wayne, [[Drake]], Migos, Young Thug na Wiz Khalifa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lilwaynehq.com/2014/06/soulja-boy-says-lil-wayne-will-be-featured-on-his-king-soulja-3-mixtape/|title=Soulja Boy Says Lil Wayne Will Be Featured On His "King Soulja 3" Mixtape|work=Lil Wayne Fansite - Weezy Blog|date=June 8, 2014}}</ref> Na June 29, Way wepụtara ''King Soulja 3'' dị ka ọba dijitalụ ya nke abụọ site na iTunes, na-egosipụta ngosipụta sitere na Gudda Gudda na Rich The Kid. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/king-soulja-3/id897181680|title=iTunes - Music - King Soulja{{nbsp}}3 by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=July 29, 2014}}</ref> On October 31, Way wepụtara ya mixtape ''Young Millionaire'', featuring visuals from Sean [[Kingston]], Cap.1 na Rich The Kid. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-Millionaire-mixtape.662008.html|title=Soulja Boy - Young Millionaire|work=DatPiff|accessdate=November 7, 2014|archivedate=November 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109123043/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Young-Millionaire-mixtape.662008.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-new-mixtape.115552.html|title=Soulja Boy - Young Millionaire|work=HotNewHipHop|date=October 31, 2014|accessdate=November 7, 2014|archivedate=November 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107210459/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-new-mixtape.115552.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2014/11/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-mixtape|title=Listen to Soulja Boy's "Young Millionaire" Mixtape|author=Meaghan Garvey|work=Complex|accessdate=2024-06-06|archivedate=2023-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417030901/https://www.complex.com/music/2014/11/soulja-boy-young-millionaire-mixtape}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 17, Way kwupụtara site na Instagram ya na ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta labelụ ọhụrụ na Universal Music Group ma kpughee aha, nka mkpuchi na ụbọchị mwepụta maka album studio nke anọ ya, ''Iguzosi ike n'ihe'', nke akwadoro maka mwepụta na Disemba 2, 2014, mana agbagoro azụ na February 3, 2015. <ref name="Universal deal and Loyalty album">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hip-hopvibe.com/2014/11/17/soulja-boy-announces-new-album-loyalty-release-date-and-label-deal-photo/|title=Soulja Boy announces new album, ''Loyalty'', release date, and label deal [PHOTO]|work=Hip Hop Vibe|date=November 17, 2014}}</ref> Na 2015, na-eso mwepụta nke album studio nke anọ ya, ''Loyalty'', Way wepụtara ndị ọzọ otu, mixtape na ọba dijitalụ. Maka album dijitalụ a na-abịa, ''King Soulja 4'', Way wepụtara otu "Whippin My Wrist (Too Rich)" na February 27; ọ tụrụ na ''Billboard'' Trending 140 na nọmba 48. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/whippin-my-wrist-single/id972711476|title=iTunes - Music - Whippin My Wrist - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em|work=iTunes|date=February 27, 2015|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724103542/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/whippin-my-wrist-single/id972711476|archive-date=July 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na May 16, Way wepụtara ya mixtape ''Swag The Mixtape'' featuring visuals from Migos, Peewee Longway, Troy Ave, Johnny Cinco, Chief Keef, Pack Strong, Paul Allen, Chella H, Calico Jonez na Kyle Massey . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Swag-mixtape.709530.html|title=Soulja Boy - Swag|work=DatPiff|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archivedate=July 21, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721140947/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Swag-mixtape.709530.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-swag-the-mixtape-new-mixtape.115838.html|title=Soulja Boy - Swag The Mixtape - Download and Listen [New Mixtape]|author=Danny Schwartz|date=May 16, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archivedate=July 22, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722053319/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-swag-the-mixtape-new-mixtape.115838.html}}</ref> Na Mee 26, Atlanta ibe, onye na-ese Georgia Rich The Kid mara ọkwa na ya na Way ga-ewepụta ọba mmekorita akpọrọ ''Get Rich'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2015/05/rich-the-kid-soulja-boy-joint-album/|title=Rich The Kid and Soulja Boy Are Dropping a Joint Album|work=XXL|date=May 26, 2015|accessdate=July 20, 2015}}</ref> Na June 3, site na Twitter, Way kpughere aha, mkpuchi mkpuchi na ụbọchị ntọhapụ ya na album studio nke ise ya na-abịa, ''Ngọzi'', nke akwadoro maka ntọhapụ na July 28, 2015, mana enwere ọtụtụ igbu oge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rapdirect.net/2015/06/news-soulja-boy-announces-new-album-title-release-date/|title=Release Date: Soulja Boy - "Blessed" (Album) - Rap Direct|work=Rap Direct|accessdate=July 20, 2015|date=June 4, 2015|archivedate=July 21, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721224620/http://www.rapdirect.net/2015/06/news-soulja-boy-announces-new-album-title-release-date/}}</ref> Na June 30, Way wepụtara mixtape akpọrọ ''25 The Movie'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-25-The-Movie-mixtape.725698.html|title=Soulja Boy - 25 The Movie|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 20, 2015|archivedate=September 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050022/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-25-The-Movie-mixtape.725698.html}}</ref> Na Julaị 17, Way wepụtara otu ọhụrụ akpọrọ "Actavis" nke gosipụtara Migos, nke ewepụtara na ọba dijitalụ ya nke anọ ''King Soulja 4'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-activais-feat-migos-new-song.1965462.html|title=Soulja Boy - Actavis featuring Migos - Stream and Listen [New Song]|author=Danny Schwartz|date=July 17, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718163610/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-activais-feat-migos-new-song.1965462.html|archive-date=July 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na July 23, Way wepụtara mixtape ya akpọrọ ''M & M: Ego na egwu'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Tell-Em-M-M-Money-Music-mixtape.724418.html|title=Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - M & M: Money & Music Hosted by SODMG, PTE|work=DatPiff|accessdate=September 9, 2015|archivedate=September 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910174701/http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Tell-Em-M-M-Money-Music-mixtape.724418.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-m-and-m-money-and-music-new-mixtape.115938.html|title=Soulja Boy - M & M: Money & Music - Download & Listen [New Mixtape]|author=Kevin Goddard|date=July 24, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=September 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724122118/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-m-and-m-money-and-music-new-mixtape.115938.html|archive-date=July 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na July 30, site na akara aha ya onwe ya Stacks on Deck Entertainment, Way wepụtara ya nke anọ dijitalụ album, ''King Soulja 4'', featuring visuals si Migos, ReeseMoneyBagz, Dae Dot na Sean Kingston. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/king-soulja-4/id1020320565|title=King Soulja 4|work=iTunes|date=July 30, 2015|accessdate=September 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225152354/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/king-soulja-4/id1020320565|archive-date=December 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/music/album/Soulja_Boy_King_Soulja_4?id=Bt7zn2yah6ktoq6ypofz5bwx7fa|title=Soulja Boy: King Soulja{{nbsp}}4 - Music on Google Play|work=google.com|accessdate=September 20, 2015}}</ref> Na Septemba 1, Way wepụtara otu "Diddy Bop". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/diddy-bop-single/id1036349525|title=Diddy Bop - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em on iTunes|work=[[iTunes]]|date=September 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> Na Septemba 24, Way wepụtara otu akpọrọ "Gratata" yana vidiyo egwu na-eso ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/gratata-single/id1043277372|title=Gratata - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em on iTunes|work=[[iTunes]]|date=September 23, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-gratata-video-new-video.35427.html|title=Soulja Boy "Gratata" Video|author=Kevin Goddard|date=September 24, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=September 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926080828/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-gratata-video-new-video.35427.html|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Septemba 28, Way wepụtara mixtape ''Plug Talk'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-plug-talk-new-mixtape.116050.html|title=Soulja Boy - Plug Talk - Download & Listen [New Mixtape]|author=Danny Schwartz|date=September 29, 2015|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=September 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930201612/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-plug-talk-new-mixtape.116050.html|archive-date=September 30, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 9, Way wepụtara otu akpọrọ "Mee ya mmiri ozuzo". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/make-it-rain-single/id1058867976|title=Make It Rain - Single by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em on iTunes|work=[[iTunes]]|date=November 11, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> Na November 24, Way wepụtara mixtape aha ya bụ ''S. Beezy'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://datpiff.com/tape/748785|title=Soujla Boy - S. Beezy Hosted by SODMG|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-s-beezy-new-mixtape.116142.html|title=Soulja Boy - S. Beezy - Download & Listen [New Mixtape]|work=HNHH|date=November 25, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016|archivedate=May 31, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531070649/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/soulja-boy-s-beezy-new-mixtape.116142.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/37247/soulja-boy-s-beezy.html|title=Soulja Boy - S. Beezy - NoDJ|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spinrilla.com/mixtapes/soulja-boy-s-beezy|title=S. Beezy by Soulja Boy|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=June 11, 2016|archivedate=March 23, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323045451/https://spinrilla.com/mixtapes/soulja-boy-s-beezy}}</ref> === Charles Hamilton === Na Disemba 9, 2008, [[Charles Hamilton (rapper)|Charles Hamilton]] kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Way na-eme ka o siere ndị na-ese ihe ọhụrụ ike ịbịanye aka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/bloggers/2008/12/charles-hamilton-blames-soulja-boy/|title=Charles Hamilton Blames Soulja Boy|date=December 9, 2008|publisher=Xxlmag.Com|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archivedate=October 10, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010161022/http://www.xxlmag.com/bloggers/2008/12/charles-hamilton-blames-soulja-boy/}}</ref> Way zara, "X out the Sonic and fuck with Mario, you might want to got damn rie a ero" (Hamilton bụ nnukwu onye ofufe nke Sonic the Hedgehog, na-arara a dum mixtape na-egosi onwe ya dị ka titular agwa). <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-responds-to-charles-hamiltons-comments/|title=Soulja Boy Responds To Charles Hamilton's Comments &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=December 9, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725104234/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-responds-to-charles-hamiltons-comments/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stephen Totilo|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2458172/rap-mixtape-about-being-sonic-the-hedgehog/|title='I'M NOT CRAZY' - SEGA-LOVING RAPPER EXPLAINS 'SONIC THE HEDGEHOG' LIFESTYLE|publisher=mtv.com|date=November 25, 2008|accessdate=August 5, 2019|archivedate=August 5, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805132841/http://www.mtv.com/news/2458172/rap-mixtape-about-being-sonic-the-hedgehog/}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> Hamilton zara ya na egwu diss, "Abụ m gị Afọ ikpeazụ na Talent", <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-im-you-last-year-with-talent-soulja-boy-diss/|title=Charles Hamilton – "I'm You Last Year With Talent" (Soulja Boy Diss) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=December 12, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103354/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-im-you-last-year-with-talent-soulja-boy-diss/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> sochiri ọzọ, "Okwu Aight". <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-word-aight-soulja-boy-diss/|title=Charles Hamilton – "Word? Aight" (Soulja Boy Diss) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=December 13, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103448/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-word-aight-soulja-boy-diss/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> === Ụta Chaị === Na February 2, 2009, Way gbara Bow Wow aka n'ọsọ na Lamborghini ha wee kwuo na Bow Wow's Lamborghini bụ mgbazinye. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/pictures/rich-nigga-shit-pt4-soulja-boy-wants-to-race-bow-wow-for-his-lamborghini/|title=Soulja Boy Wants To Race Bow Wow For His Lamborghini (Bow Wow Responds) &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 2, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103751/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/pictures/rich-nigga-shit-pt4-soulja-boy-wants-to-race-bow-wow-for-his-lamborghini/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 4, Bow Wow gosipụtara na ya nwere Lamborghini wee kwuo "halloween ya na Bankhead maka gị nigga kwa ụbọchị. ... ị tụrụ egwu ... unu niile na-atụ ụjọ na shit". Way zara na Twitter site na ịsị "Ọ FUCKED !!!! IM BOUT TO SHITTTT NA NIGGA a!! LOL!!!!!" <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/bow-wow-proves-he-owns-his-lambo-says-rip-to-soulja-boys-career-lambo/|title=Bow Wow Proves He Owns His Lambo, Says R.I.P. To Soulja Boy's Career and He Scared To Go ATL &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 4, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725103912/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/bow-wow-proves-he-owns-his-lambo-says-rip-to-soulja-boys-career-lambo/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Na February 7, ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ zigara ibe ha egwu diss, dị ka Way's "Fuck Bow Wow" na Bow Wow's "Ihe m chere gbasara gị". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-fck-bow-wow-bow-wow-diss/|title=Soulja Boy - F*ck Bow Wow (Bow Wow Diss) - RealTalkNY Brought To You By Nigel D.|work=RealTalk NY|accessdate=April 9, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725104013/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-fck-bow-wow-bow-wow-diss/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị n'ụbọchị ahụ, mgbe ha na-akparịta ụka n'ekwentị ma ndị rapper ahụ edozi esemokwu ha. <ref>{{Cite web|author=RealTalkNY|url=http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/audio-bow-wow-soulja-boy-have-a-phone-convo-beef-squashed/|title=Audio: Bow Wow & Soulja Boy Have A Phone Convo, Beef Squashed? &#124; RealTalkNY|publisher=Realtalkny.uproxx.com|date=February 7, 2009|accessdate=May 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725104109/http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/audio-bow-wow-soulja-boy-have-a-phone-convo-beef-squashed/|archivedate=July 25, 2011}}</ref> Na 2016, ha wepụtara ngwakọta ngwakọta nke akpọrọ ''Ignorant Shit'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/69289-soulja-boy-and-bow-wow-reunite-for-new-mixtape-ignorant-shit-listen/|title=Soulja Boy and Bow Wow Reunite for New Mixtape Ignorant Shit: Listen - Pitchfork|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date=October 25, 2016|accessdate=November 8, 2016}}</ref> === Ndị agha US === Na Septemba 2011, Way wepụtara abụ "Ka Anyị Bụrụ Ezigbo". Otu n'ime ahịrị nke abụ bụ: ''"Fuck FBI na iberibe ndị agha niile agha / Na-alụ ọgụ maka gịnị? Bitch, bụrụ onye nke gị / m ga-efefe n'ígwé ojii na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị ka m bụ Peter Pan."'' <ref name="army">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/09/06/soulja-boy-apologizes-after-members-armed-forces-slam-his-anti-military-song/#ixzz1XOWi2ZO3|title=Soulja Boy Apologizes After Members of Armed Forces Slam His Anti-Military Song|date=September 6, 2011|accessdate=September 8, 2011|work=FoxNews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907080808/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/09/06/soulja-boy-apologizes-after-members-armed-forces-slam-his-anti-military-song/#ixzz1XOWi2ZO3|archive-date=September 7, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe e wepụtachara egwu ahụ, ndị agha na ezinụlọ ha katọrọ Way, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara oge n'ihe metụtara ncheta afọ 10 nke [[Mwakpo September 11|mwakpo 9/11]] . <ref>WPGC radio personality Sunni said, "Wow! Soulja Boy is a mess! With the 10th Anniversary of the 9/11 attacks fast approaching, he released a song in which he disses the FBI and the U.S. troops. I find it extremely disrespectful since the families are still in mourning over the loss of their loved ones. What a dummy!"{{Cite web|url=http://wpgc.radio.com/2011/09/05/smh-soulja-boy-says-fck-the-troops-just-days-before-911-anniversary/#ixzz1Xl1i5xew|title=SMH! Soulja Boy Says F*ck The Troops, Just Days Before 9/11 Anniversary|author=Sunni|publisher=WPGC Radio|accessdate=September 12, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326162230/http://wpgc.radio.com/2011/09/05/smh-soulja-boy-says-fck-the-troops-just-days-before-911-anniversary/#ixzz1Xl1i5xew|archivedate=March 26, 2012}}</ref> <ref>"Soulja Boy and his camp are doing their damnedest to do some serious damage control after the swag rapper infuriated American military personnel with his ill-timed release of "Let's Be Real" during the week leading up to the tenth anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks."{{Cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=19271|title=Soulja Boy Apologizes for Anti-Military Lyrics|author=Jom (staff writer)|date=September 10, 2011|accessdate=September 12, 2011|publisher=SputnikMusic}}</ref> Way rịọrọ mgbaghara, "Mgbe m gosipụtara iwe m na ndị agha US, ọ bụghị nanị na okwu m pụtara na-ezighị ezi, m na-ezighị ezi ọbụna ikwu ha." Ọ gbakwụnyere, "Ya mere, m na-ede nke a ka m rịọ mgbaghara m n'ezie nye ndị niile so na ndị agha United States, yana ezinụlọ ha nke kpasuru iwe site na egwu m kacha ọhụrụ." <ref name="army" /> Ndị nnọchi anya ụzọ gosiri na ewepụrụ egwu ahụ na ọba egwu ya na-abịa, ''Nkwa'', na ọ gaghị adị maka ire ere. Ha na-agbalịkwa iwepụ vidiyo na ịntanetị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/soulja-boy-removes-lets-be-real-diss-from-album-231907|title=Soulja Boy Removes Controversial Anti-Military Song From New Album|author=Powers|first=Lindsey|date=September 8, 2011|accessdate=September 8, 2011|publisher=Hollywood reporter}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == * Ihe nrite BET ** 2007: Kachasị mma New Artist (Nhoputa) ** 2008: Ihe nrite Nhọrọ nke onye na-ekiri: " Crank That (Soulja Boy) " (Nhọpụta) ** 2009: Ihe nrite Nhọrọ nke Onye nlele: " Kiss Me Thru the Phone " (Nhọpụtara) * BET Hip-Hop Awards ** '''2007: Egwuregwu Hip-Hop kacha mma (Emeri)''' * BET Social Awards ** '''2019: Ihe nrite enwetara n'ọha (Emeri)''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=BET Social Awards|url=https://www.bet.com/shows/social-awards.html|work=bet.com|publisher=BET|accessdate=August 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331020537/https://www.bet.com/shows/social-awards.html|archive-date=March 31, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Grammy Awards ** 2008: Best Rap Song: "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" (Nominated) * Ozone Awards ** '''2007: Jiri ndidi na-echere: Mississippi (Emeri)''' ** 2008: Onye nka nka kacha mma (a họpụtara) ** 2008: TJ's DJ's Tastemaker Award (Nhọpụtara) * Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards ** 2007: Nwoke na-abụ abụ ọkacha mmasị (ahapụtara) * Teen Choice Awards ** 2009: Egwu Nhọrọ: Rap Artist (Ahọpụtara ya) ** 2009: Egwu Nhọrọ: R&B Track maka "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nhọpụtara) ** 2009: Egwu Nhọrọ: Kpọkọtanụ maka "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nhọrọ) ** 2009: Nhọrọ Egwu: Onye Omenkà (Ahọpụtara) == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị na-ese ihe ruru nke mbụ na United States == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|2797293}} * [https://www.youtube.com/user/SouljaBoyTellemVEVO Soulja Boy] on [[YouTube]] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nv2dznx4covq7frx99rk8lv3xuydjl2 0 47238 728358 706643 2026-09-27T01:15:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Samuel M. Plato''' (1882-1957) bụ onye America na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ bụ onye a ma ama maka ọrụ ya na ọrụ ụlọ gọọmenti etiti na ụlọ ọrụ US, yana ịmepụta na iwu ụlọ ndị ọzọ na United States dị ka ụlọ nke onwe, ụlọ akụ, ụka, na ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], nwa amaala [[Alabama]] bụ otu n'ime ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'Africa-American ole na ole na mba ahụ ka a ga-enye nkwekọrịta ụlọ ọrụ oge agha, nke gụnyere Wake na Midway Halls (ụlọ obibi maka ndị ọrụ nchekwa ihe karịrị 800 African-American na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ). O nwetakwara nkwekọrịta iji wuo ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi US iri atọ na asatọ n'ofe mba ahụ. Plato malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na 1902 na Marion, Indiana, n'oge nkewa na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe ịma aka maka ndị ọkachamara Afrika-American dị ka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Na 1921 ọ kwagara Louisville, Kentucky, bụ ebe o jiri ndụ ya fọdụrụnụ. Edepụtara ụfọdụ n'ime nnukwu ụlọ Plato na Ndebanye aha Mba nke Ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme . Ndị a na-agụnye Louisville's [[Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|Broadway Temple AME Zion Church]] na Virginia Avenue Colored School, ihe atụ abụọ nke onyinye ya na obodo Africa-American obodo. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson na Marion, Indiana, na Chọọchị Baptist nke Abụọ na Bloomington, Indiana . == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Samuel M. Plato mụrụ na 1882 Waugh na Montgomery County, Alabama, nye James na Katie (Hendricks) Plato. <ref name="Filson">{{Cite web|author=Pen Bogert|title=Samuel M. Plato: Building a Dream|work=The Filson Newsmagazine|publisher=The Filson Historical Society|url=http://www.filsonhistorical.org/news_v1n1_plato.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706152046/http://www.filsonhistorical.org/news_v1n1_plato.html|archivedate=July 6, 2007}}</ref> <ref>Plato's birth year is uncertain, but based on U.S. census records, his World War II draft card, and his gravestone, it is believed to be 1882. See: {{Cite web|title=Samuel Plato|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau|url=https://www.in.gov/history/markers/4184.htm|accessdate=November 22, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Jourdan177">Katherine M. Jourdan, "The Architecture of Samuel M. Plato," in {{Cite book|editor=Wilma L. Gibbs|title=Indiana's African American Heritage: Essays from ''Black History News & Notes''|url=https://archive.org/details/indianasafricana0000unse|publisher=Indiana Historical Society|edition=2nd|year=2007|location=Indianapolis|isbn=978-0871950994}}</ref> Nna Samuel, bụ́ Jems, bụ onye ọrụ ugbo kụziiri ya ọrụ nkà na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-ewu ihe . <ref name="Jourdan177" /> Plato gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mount Meigs Colored Institute dị nso n'ụlọ ya na [[Alabama]] wee nọrọ otu afọ ọzọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Winston-Salem, [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]], tupu o debanye aha na 1898 na State University Normal School (ugbu a Simmons College of Kentucky ) na Louisville, Kentucky . Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu n'oge ezumike ọkọchị mgbe ọ ka nọ na kọleji wee gụchaa na 1902. Ọ mechakwara mmemme izi ozi n'ime ihe owuwu sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmekorita mba ụwa nke Scranton, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] . <ref name="Filson"/> <ref name="Jourdan177"/> == Ọrụ == Plato malitere ịrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na mmalite 1900s, mgbe ịkpa ókè megide [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị America America]] na-atụgharịkarị ha n'ọrụ dịka ndị ọrụ na-enweghị nkà. N'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka ndị a, ọ chọtara ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwá nkà, ma ọ jụrụ ịkwado ọrụ a na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Kama nke ahụ, ọ họọrọ ịchụso ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ, bụ nke nyere ohere ọrụ ka mma na ụgwọ ọrụ. <ref name="IHB10">Footnote 10 in {{Cite web|title=Samuel Plato|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau|url=https://www.in.gov/history/markers/4184.htm|accessdate=November 13, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Jourdan179">Jourdan, p. 179.</ref> Plato bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ Africa-American na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Midwest . N'ihe dị ka 1902, n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, ọ kwagara Marion, Indiana, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ iri na itoolu dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ tupu ọ laghachi Louisville, Kentucky, gburugburu 1921. <ref name="Echo">{{Cite news|author=Erik Kielisch|title=Plato's Influence Remains on Campus: Works of Swallow Robin's Architect Comes to the Archives|work=The Echo|publisher=Taylor University|date=March 4, 2005|pages=1–2}}</ref> <ref name="IHB3">Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnote 3.</ref> Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ dị na Indiana na Kentucky, Plato haziri ma wuo ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'ofe United States. <ref>Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnote 5.</ref> === Indiana oru ngo === N'ime afọ ya na Indiana, n'oge Ku Klux Klan ruru ihe ndekọ oge niile na ọkara nde ndị otu na steeti ahụ, Plato nwetara nkwado site n'aka ndị nwe ụlọ ahịa bara ọgaranya John Schaumleffel na J. Woodrow Wilson. <ref name="Echo"/> Plato nwekwara mmekọrịta ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri na Jasper Burden, onye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ojii na Marion. Ihe omume mbụ Plato mere na Marion gụnyere Chọọchị Baptist nke Abụọ, nke emechara na 1905; Chọọchị Baptist mbụ nke Classical Revival, nke e nyere ọrụ na 1913; na Ụlọ Platonian, nke e wuru na 1910. <ref>The U-shaped Platonian Apartments complex, which was designed, built, and named after the architect, had three buildings with ten, two-story units. See: Jourdan, pp. 179–82.</ref> <ref name="WilsonHouse">{{Cite web|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/welcome.html|title=Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database (SHAARD)|publisher=Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology|format=Searchable database|accessdate=December 4, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|author=Katherine M. Jourdan|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: J. Woodrow Wilson House|date=January 1988|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/2023b/N/Wilson_Home_Grant_CO_Nom.pdf|accessdate=December 4, 2019}} and accompanying photographs.</ref> [[Usòrò:J._Woodrow_Wilson_House.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|350x350px| Ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson, Julaị 2012]] Otu n'ime ọrụ obibi Plato a kacha mara amara bụ imepụta na iwu ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson nke nwere ọnụ ụlọ iri na ise na Marion na 1912. Ụlọ Neoclassical -style bụ "otu n'ime ihe owuwu kachasị mma n'ime obodo" <ref name="Jourdan181">Jourdan, p. 181.</ref> na-akọ na ọ na-efu $135,000 n'oge a na-ewu ya. Ụlọ Wilson (nke a makwaara dị ka Ụlọ Wilson-Vaughan na Ụlọ ndị ọbịa) ka agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1988. <ref name="WilsonHouse"/> <ref name="IHB4-5">Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnotes 4 and 5.</ref> Plato nwetara nkwekọrịta iji chepụta na wuo ebe obibi ndị ọzọ na ụlọ azụmahịa na Marion na ebe ndị ọzọ na Indiana. Ihe atụ nke ọrụ ya gụnyere First United Baptist Church na Wabash na Baptist Church nke Abụọ (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1983) na Bloomington, Indiana . Ọrụ ọzọ bụ ụlọ obibi Swallow-Robin, nke e wuru na 1917 na ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Taylor dị na Upland, Indiana . <ref name="IHB4-5">Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnotes 4 and 5.</ref> <ref name="Jourdan179-82">Jourdan, pp. 179–82.</ref> <ref name="SBC-Bloomington">{{Cite web|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/welcome.html|title=Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database (SHAARD)|publisher=Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology|format=Searchable database|accessdate=December 4, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/21939/N/Second_Baptist_Church_Monroe_CO_Nom.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Second Baptist Church|accessdate=December 4, 2019|author=Kathleen S. Branigan|date=December 1994}} and accompanying photographs.</ref> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Marion, Plato bịara mara maka inye ndị ojii na ndị ọcha ohere ọrụ n'ọrụ ihe owuwu ya n'oge ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe maka ndị ọchụnta ego ojii na-ewe ndị ọrụ ọcha n'oge iri afọ mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Dị ka otu nnyocha mba 1928 nke e bipụtara na 1931-32 ''Negro Year Book'' si kwuo, ihe na-erughị 1.2 pasent nke ụlọ ọrụ ojii nwere ndị ọrụ ọcha. Omume Plato nke iwere ndị ọrụ Africa-American n'ọrụ maka ọrụ ya, karịsịa maka ọrụ chọrọ ọrụ ọkachamara, nyere ha ohere ịkwalite nkà ha. Mgbalị ya nwekwara ihe ịga nke ọma n'imepe ndị ọrụ Africa-American ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa. <ref name="Filson"/> <ref>Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnotes 12 and 14.</ref> === Ọrụ Kentucky === [[Usòrò:Virginia_Avenue_Colored_School_front_detail.jpg|thumb|350x350px| Ụlọ akwụkwọ Virginia Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky]] Plato hapụrụ Marion gburugburu 1920 ma ọ bụ 1921 ịlaghachi na Louisville, Kentucky, ebe ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-ewu ụlọ. <ref name="Jourdan182-84">Jourdan, pp. 182–84.</ref> Isi ọrụ ya na mpaghara Louisville gụnyere [[Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|Broadway Temple AME Zion Church]] (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1980) <ref name="BroadwayChurch">{{Cite web|title=Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|work=NPGallery: Digital Asset Management System|publisher=National Park Service|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/80001596|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|author=Hugh B. Foshee|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Broadway Temple A.M.E. Zion Church|date=August 5, 1980|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/ba14def9-121f-48ad-a30e-93754cd0e93d|format=PDF|accessdate=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607024906/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/ba14def9-121f-48ad-a30e-93754cd0e93d|archive-date=June 7, 2024|url-status=dead}} and accompanying photographs.</ref> na James Lee Memorial Presbyterian Church. Plato mekwara ụlọ akwụkwọ agba agba Virginia Avenue (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 2004). <ref name="VirginiaAveSchool">{{Cite web|title=Virginia Avenue Colored School|work=NPGallery: Digital Asset Management System|publisher=National Park Service|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/97f8c63b-5952-4a1b-9856-493ba7d67fb6|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|author=Mark D. Frazar|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Virginia Avenue Colored School|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/97f8c63b-5952-4a1b-9856-493ba7d67fb6|format=PDF|accessdate=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195514/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/97f8c63b-5952-4a1b-9856-493ba7d67fb6|archive-date=December 5, 2019|url-status=dead}} and accompanying photographs.</ref> na Simmons College of Kentucky 's Steward Hall, akụkụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji Municipal nke ụlọ akwụkwọ (agbakwunyere na National Register of Historic Places na 1976), <ref name="Simmons">{{Cite web|title=Municipal College Campus (Simmons University)|work=NPGallery: Digital Asset Management System|publisher=National Park Service|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/197ce143-b992-4f24-b090-ec20023a990f|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} ''Note:'' This includes {{Cite web|author=Douglas Stern|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Municipal College Campus (Simmons University)|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/197ce143-b992-4f24-b090-ec20023a990f|format=PDF|accessdate=December 3, 2019}} and accompanying photographs. See also: {{Cite web|title=Campus Life|publisher=Simmons College of Kentucky|url=https://www.simmonscollegeky.edu/campus/|accessdate=December 4, 2019|archivedate=December 5, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195557/https://www.simmonscollegeky.edu/campus/}}</ref> yana ụlọ akụ abụọ na Louisville. Ebe obibi nke Plato nyere aka wulite bụ Plato Terrace maka nsọpụrụ ya. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1945, o nyere aka guzobe mpaghara Westover nke obere ụlọ nwere ọnụ ụlọ abụọ. <ref name="Jourdan182-84" /> <ref name="ONeil">{{Cite web|author=Erin O'Neil|title=Kentucky Historical Marker dedicated to architect Samuel Plato|publisher=WAVE 3 News|date=February 17, 2019|url=https://www.wave3.com/2019/02/17/kentucky-historical-marker-dedicated-architect-samuel-plato/|accessdate=December 2, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="PhiBetaSigma">{{Cite web|title=Bro. Samuel Plato|work=The Chapter: Epsilon Beta Sigma Alumni Chapter|publisher=Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity|url=http://phibetasigmalouisville.org/sample-page/the-chapter|accessdate=November 13, 2019|archivedate=June 7, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607024908/http://phibetasigmalouisville.org/sample-page/the-chapter}}</ref> === Ọrụ gọọmentị etiti === [[Usòrò:US_Post_Office—Fredonia_NY_Nov_10.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ụlọ ọrụ Post US na Fredonia, New York]] A maara Plato nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ọrụ ụlọ nke gọọmentị etiti, a kọkwara na ọ bụ onye mbụ Africa-America ka e nyere nkwekọrịta iji wuo ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi US. Enyere ya nkwekọrịta, nke ka ukwuu na 1930s, iji wuo ma ọ dịkarịa ala 38 US post office na obodo ndị dị ka Coldwater, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]] ; Goshen, New York ; Fredonia, New York ; Eaton, New York ; Morgantown, West Virginia ; na Decatur, Alabama . Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị goro Plato ọrụ na post ọfịs na Decatur n'amaghị na ọ bụ onye isi ojii. Iji zere ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma, ọ kwụsịrị oriri nnabata ahụ wee malite ọrụ ozugbo na ọrụ ahụ. Ọrụ gọọmentị etiti ndị ọzọ gụnyere ụlọ gọọmentị na New Philadelphia, Ohio, na nkwekọrịta iji wuo ụlọ agha gọọmentị etiti na Xenia na Zanesville, Ohio . <ref name="Echo"/> <ref name="Filson"/> <ref name="ONeil"/> <ref name="IHB5-6">Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnotes 5 and 6.</ref> Ọrụ ụlọ gọọmenti etiti Plato maka ndị ọrụ nchekwa n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] wetara ya nlebara anya mba. N'agbata afọ 1941 na 1946, Plato bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị ọrụ ngo na America ole na ole na United States ga-enye nkwekọrịta oge agha. Ọ bụ ezie na President Franklin D. Roosevelt nyere Executive Order 8802 na June 1941 machibido ịkpa ókè omume na nchekwa ọrụ na awarding gọọmenti etiti agbachitere contracts n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, mba agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ nọgidere na-akpa ókè megide African American na-eleghara anya ojii azụmahịa na awarding gọọmenti etiti contracts. <ref name="Filson"/> <ref>Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnotes 7 and 8.</ref> Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Plato na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ gụnyere Wake na Midway Hall, nke bụ ebe obibi iji nabata ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ nchekwa Africa-American 800 na Washington, DC Ọrụ ọzọ nke ụlọ gọọmentị etiti ya bụ Sparrows Point, ogige 304 na Baltimore, Maryland. <ref name="IHB7">Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnote 7.</ref> <ref name="Jourdan184">Jourdan, p. 184.</ref> == Ọrụ obodo == Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ya, Plato na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo nke gụnyere Òtù Ndị Na-eto Eto Ndị Kraịst, National Urban League, na National Negro Business League . Plato bụ onye otu Phi Beta Sigma fraternity's Epsilon Beta Sigma alumni isi. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka osote onye isi oche nke National Negro Builders Association na 1927. <ref name="PhiBetaSigma"/> <ref>Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato, " footnote 11.</ref> Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-achọ Plato dị ka ọkà okwu na Tuskegee Institute, Ụlọ Ọrụ Hampton, na onye nkụzi pụrụ iche na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Engineering na Architecture University Howard . <ref name="Filson"/> == Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite == * Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke injinịa na ihe owuwu nke Mahadum Howard, ebe Plato bụbu onye nkuzi pụrụ iche, kwanyere ya ugwu mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1960. <ref name="Filson"/> * Ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Indiana nyefere akara akụkọ ihe mere eme steeti na nsọpụrụ Plato na Julaị 25, 2015, n'ihu J. Woodrow Wilson House (Ụlọ nnabata) na Marion, Indiana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Samuel Plato Marker Dedication|publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau|url=https://secure.in.gov/history/4183.htm|accessdate=December 2, 2019}}</ref> * Ewubere akara akụkọ ihe mere eme steeti Kentucky nye Plato n'ihu Broadway Temple AME Zion Church na Louisville, Kentucky, ma rara ya nye na February 1919. <ref name="ONeil"/> == Na-arụ ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Swallow_Robin_Hall.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| Swallow-Robin Hall na Mahadum Taylor dị na Upland, Indiana, bụ Samuel Plato mere <ref name="Echo"/>]] === Indiana === * Ụka Baptist mbụ, Marion <ref name="Jourdan179-82">Jourdan, pp. 179–82.</ref> * First United Baptist Church, Wabash <ref name="IHB5">Indiana Historical Bureau, “Samuel Plato,” footnote 5.</ref> * Ụlọ J. Woodrow Wilson ( NRHP ), Marion <ref name="WilsonHouse"/> * Ụlọ Platonian, Marion <ref name="Jourdan179-82" /> * Ụka Baptist nke Abụọ (NRHP), Bloomington <ref name="SBC-Bloomington"/> * Ụlọ obibi Swallow-Robin na Mahadum Taylor, Upland <ref name="IHB5" /> === Kentucky === * Broadway Temple AME Zion Church (NRHP), Louisville <ref name="BroadwayChurch"/> * Green Street Baptist Church, Louisville <ref name="ONeil"/> * James Lee Presbyterian Church, Louisville <ref name="ONeil" /> * Ụlọ akwụkwọ Virginia Avenue (NRHP), Louisville <ref name="VirginiaAveSchool"/> * Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Simmons College of Kentucky, Louisville <ref name="PhiBetaSigma"/> === New York steeti === * Ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi US, Fredonia <ref name="IHB5-6">Indiana Historical Bureau, "Samuel Plato," footnotes 5 and 6.</ref> === Ohio === * Templelọ nsọ Pythia, Martin Luther King nke dị ugbu a na-eme ihe na nka nka nka (ma ọ bụ King Arts Complex), Columbus <ref name="PhiBetaSigma"/> == Ntụaka == . Persley. <ref name=":5">{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=Dreck Spurlock|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OaSAgAAQBAJ|title=African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945|date=March 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-95629-5|pages=443–445|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=A Macon street bears his name, but you don't know his story|url=http://www.historicmacon.org/wwwhistoricmaconorg/blog/2020/2/20/a-macon-street-bears-his-name-but-you-dont-know-his-story|work=Historic Macon Foundation|date=21 February 2020}}</ref> Ọ gara [[Mahadum Lincoln (Pennsylvania)|Mahadum Lincoln]], wee gụchaa na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Technology nke Carnegie|Carnegie Institute of Technology]] (ugbu a Mahadum Carnegie Mellon) na 1914. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nke ihe osise na eserese site na 1915 ruo 1916 na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]. Persley. <ref name=":52">{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=Dreck Spurlock|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OaSAgAAQBAJ|title=African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945|date=March 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-95629-5|pages=443–445|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=A Macon street bears his name, but you don't know his story|url=http://www.historicmacon.org/wwwhistoricmaconorg/blog/2020/2/20/a-macon-street-bears-his-name-but-you-dont-know-his-story|work=Historic Macon Foundation|date=21 February 2020}}</ref> Ọ gara [[Mahadum Lincoln (Pennsylvania)|Mahadum Lincoln]], wee gụchaa na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Technology nke Carnegie|Carnegie Institute of Technology]] (ugbu a Mahadum Carnegie Mellon) na 1914. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nke ihe osise na eserese site na 1915 ruo 1916 na [[Ụlọ ọrụ Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5tcyy37mjooshqnua7cx8cs2f98ngyv 0 47619 728238 174967 2026-09-26T15:11:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728238 wikitext text/x-wiki Oliver Arms ( 1970 bụ onye na-ese ihe America dabere na Los Angeles, California . == Agụmakwụkwọ == Oliver Arms gara San Francisco Art Institute site na 1988 ruo 1991. <ref name="Yohe">{{Cite web|title=Oliver Arms|url=http://www.amy-nyc.com/artists/oliver-arms|publisher=Ameringer McEnery Yohe|accessdate=3 January 2013|archivedate=3 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903152223/http://www.amy-nyc.com/artists/oliver-arms}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Ameringer McEnery Yohe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == A maara Arms nke ọma maka eserese mmanụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke a na-emepụta site na-ewuli elu ugboro ugboro wee na-agbada ọtụtụ agba mmanụ n'elu akwa akwa n'ime ọtụtụ ọnwa. Arms na-ekwu na ọrụ ya na-ejikọta oge na ozi dị ka ihe mmetọ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Price Latimer Agah na 2009, Arms kwuru banyere ọrụ ya, sị: "Ihe m hapụrụ bụ mkpọmkpọ ebe n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ígwé na-ejupụta n'ala, mwepu nke na ụfọdụ icha mmirimmiri ejiji na-agbalị ịsọ mpi, n'ihe gbasara ibu ibu ozi., laghachi n'ihe kpaliri ya." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pricelatimer.com/the-contributing-editor/|title=Price Latimer Agah|publisher=Pricelatimer.com|date=|accessdate=2011-10-17|archivedate=2012-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329215344/http://pricelatimer.com/the-contributing-editor/}}</ref> Agụnyere ọrụ ya na Frederick R. Weisman Art Foundation na Los Angeles. <ref name="Yohe"/> Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya kacha amata gụnyere: * "1975," 2011-2012, Mmanụ na akwa akwa, 48 x 36 sentimita, 121.9 x 91. cm * "Denn die Todten reiten schnell (maka njem ndị nwụrụ anwụ ngwa ngwa)," 2008-09, Mmanụ na akwa akwa, diptych, 84 x 144 inches, 213.4 x 365.8&nbsp;cm * "Cuando Amanezca, Entonces Verás," 2012, Mmanụ na kwaaji, 84 x 72 sentimita asatọ, 213.4 x 182.9&nbsp;cm * "Crocodile," 2011-2012, Mmanụ na kwaaji, 72 x 72 sentimita asatọ, 182.9 x 182.9&nbsp;cm <ref name="Yohe"/> == Ihe ngosi == O mere ihe ngosi solo mbụ ya na Western Project na Los Angeles na 2005, [1] na-eso ihe ngosi na Charles Cowles Gallery na New York na 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cowlesgallery.com/archive/pressreleases/Arms07pr.pdf|title=Cowlesgallery.com|work=www.cowlesgallery.com|accessdate=2016-06-18}}</ref> David Pagel, na ya Los Angeles Times maka ihe ngosi nke atɔ nke Arms na 2008 na Western Project, na-ekwu na ọrụ Arms bụ "edemede edemede na-egosi mkpa nke organic materiality nke isi agba. N'otu oge ahụ mmiri,  crusty na ethereal, ya primal foto, nwere otu ụkwụ kwụsie ike na nke mbụ na nke ọzọ n'ime ụwa azụlitere nke abstraction nke modernist Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ike dị ọkụ na ikike dị njikere.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jan/11/entertainment/et-galleries11/2|title=Karen Liebowitz Artist In La &#124; Realism, with a dose of whimsy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2008-01-11|accessdate=2011-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100019/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jan/11/entertainment/et-galleries11/2|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Arms gara n'ihu na ihe ngosi solo na Ameringer/McEnery/Yohe na New York na 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amy-nyc.com/exhibitions/oliver-arms/|title=Exhibitions - Oliver Arms - Ameringer &#124; McEnery &#124; Yohe|publisher=Amy-nyc.com|date=2010-03-06|accessdate=2011-10-17|archivedate=2012-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329215344/http://www.amy-nyc.com/exhibitions/oliver-arms/}}</ref> N'April 2012, Arms pịa otu ọrụ maka ihe ngosi nke abụọ ya na Ameringer / McEnery / Yohe na New York . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amy-nyc.com/exhibitions/oliver-arms_1/|title=Exhibitions - Oliver Arms - Ameringer &#124; McEnery &#124; Yohe|publisher=Amy-nyc.com|date=2012-05-26|accessdate=2012-01-06|archivedate=2012-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013215711/http://www.amy-nyc.com/exhibitions/oliver-arms_1}}</ref> Ndị dike ihe ngosi nke Orange County ndị ọrụ Arms na "OC Collects", [1] nke sitere na Ọktoba 7, 2012 - Jenụwarị 1, 2013. Na Jenụwarị 2014, Ameringer/McEnery/Yohe akwụkwọ ọrụ Arms na ihe ngosi Hans Hoffman . Na Janua 2018, e mkpaka nke echiche Arms maka ihe ngosi na gallery ọhụrụ e hibere na Jason Haam na Seoul, South Korea.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jasonhaam.com/exhibitions/3|title=Oliver Arms at Jason Haam|work=www.jasonhaam.com|accessdate=2018-02-25|archivedate=2018-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032445/http://www.jasonhaam.com/exhibitions/3}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2021, Arms mere ihe ngosi solo ya nke abụọ na Jason Haam na Seoul, South Korea.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jasonhaam.com/exhibitions/18|title=Oliver Arms Don't Take My Sunshine Away at Jason Haam|work=www.jasonhaam.com|accessdate=2021-12-15}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.oliverarms.com Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị onye nka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121213103902/http://www.amy-nyc.com/artists/oliver-arms Oliver Arms na Ameringer/McEnery/Yohe] * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200807144512/https://jasonhaam.com/exhibitions/3 Oliver Arms na Jason Haam] * [https://www.jasonhaam.com/exhibitions/18-oliver-arms-don-t-take-my-sunshine-away/overview/] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1n94g37yl82x3eeebtfsqq328ma7w3l 0 47757 728427 643786 2026-09-27T07:45:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tongo Eisen-Martin''' bụ onye America na-ede uri na onye na-akwado ya. <ref name="LATimes">{{Cite news|author=Wick|first=Julia|title=Essential California: Talking San Francisco with the city's new poet laureate|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/newsletter/2021-02-12/tongo-eisen-martin-san-francisco-poet-laureate-essential-california|accessdate=12 June 2021|date=12 February 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-agụ uri ugbu a na San Francisco, California . <ref name="KQEDPL">{{Cite news|author=Getachew|first=Samuel|title=Tongo Eisen-Martin Selected as San Francisco's Poet Laureate|url=https://www.kqed.org/arts/13891380/tongo-eisen-martin-selected-as-san-franciscos-poet-laureate|accessdate=12 June 2021|date=15 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="KALW">{{Cite news|author=Darden|first=Jenee|title=San Francisco Poet Laureate Tongo Eisen-Martin Wants To Give People Power Through Publishing|url=https://www.kalw.org/arts-culture/2021-04-27/san-francisco-poet-laureate-tongo-eisen-martin-wants-to-give-people-power-through-publishing|accessdate=12 June 2021|date=27 April 2021}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Tongo Eisen-Martin mụrụ na 1980 </link> na San Francisco, California <ref name="PF" /> nye nne na-eme mgbanwe <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-12|title=Essential California: Talking San Francisco with the city's new poet laureate|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/newsletter/2021-02-12/tongo-eisen-martin-san-francisco-poet-laureate-essential-california|accessdate=2022-05-19|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Arlene Eisen. <ref name="meadows">{{Cite news|author=Goldberg|first=Leslie|title=Meadows Out of the Woods|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/462070560/?terms=tongo%20eisen-martin&match=1|accessdate=30 May 2022|date=5 Feb 1991}}</ref> <ref name="SFChronicle2020">{{Cite news|author=Feldberg|first=Sarah|title=Poet Tongo Eisen-Martin's view of San Francisco during pandemic and protests|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/culture/article/Poet-Tongo-Eisen-Martin-s-view-of-San-Francisco-15413557.php|accessdate=12 June 2021|date=19 July 2020}}</ref> Ndị mụrụ ya kpọrọ ya aha Josiah Tongogara . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-18|title=A Poet's Principles|url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/a-poets-principles/|accessdate=2022-05-19|work=The San Francisco Examiner|language=en-US}}</ref> Muralist Miranda Bergman bụ nne chi ya. <ref name="SFChronicle2020" /> O nwere nwanne nwoke nke tọrọ aha ya bụ Biko, <ref name="meadows" /> na ha abụọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Meadows-Livingstone na San Francisco dịka ụmụaka. <ref name="eastbayexpressblood">{{Cite news|author=Fancher|first=Lou|title=Blood on the Fog: Tongo Eisen-Martin's latest book of poems challenges whiteness and the status quo with a strong revolutionary practice|url=https://eastbayexpress.com/blood-on-the-fog-tongo-eisen-martins-latest-book-of-poems-challenges-whiteness-and-the-status-quo-with-a-strong-revolutionary-practice/|accessdate=30 May 2022|date=13 October 2021}}</ref> <ref name="meadows" /> O nwetara nzere bachelọ na nzere masta na African-American Studies, <ref name="SFWeekly">{{Cite news|author=Li|first=Grace|title=Tongo Eisen-Martin is San Francisco's New Poet Laureate|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/culture/tongo-eisen-martin-san-francisco-poet-laureate/|accessdate=12 June 2021|date=15 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612225501/https://www.sfweekly.com/culture/tongo-eisen-martin-san-francisco-poet-laureate/|archive-date=12 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> niile sitere na Mahadum Columbia <ref name="AAP">{{Cite web|title=About Tongo-Eisen Martin|url=https://poets.org/poet/tongo-eisen-martin|work=Academy of American Poets|accessdate=12 June 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-25|title=Alumni in the News: January 25|url=https://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/latest/alumni-news/alumni-news-january-25|accessdate=2022-01-25|work=Columbia College Today|language=en}}</ref> ebe ọ kuziri na Institute for Research in African-American Studies, <ref name="PF">{{Cite web|title=Tongo Eisen-Martin|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/tongo-eisen-martin|work=Poetry Foundation|accessdate=12 June 2021}}</ref> na-eke usoro ọmụmụ 2012 ''anyị na-ana mkpọgbu mgbukpọ. Ọzọ!'' <ref name="KQEDPL" /> Ọ kụzikwaara ihe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, gụnyere San Quentin na Rikers Island. <ref name="SFChronicle2020" /> Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke Black Freighter Press. <ref name="KALW" /> == Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite == Akwụkwọ Eisen-Martin's 2017 ''Heaven Is All Goodbyes'' nke City Lights bipụtara meriri PEN Oakland Award, <ref name="SFWeekly" /> 2018 American Book Award, <ref name="PF" />{ 2018 California Book Award, <ref name="PBS">{{Cite web|title=Tongo Eisen-Martin, Poet - Brief but Spectacular|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/brief/332463/tongo-eisen-martin|work=PBS Newshour|date=13 February 2020|accessdate=12 June 2021}}</ref> na 2018 National California Booksellers Association Poetry Book of the Year . <ref name="PF" /> Aha ya 2020 ''Blood on the Fog'' nke City Light bipụtara ka aha ya bụ Akwụkwọ uri kacha mma nke 2021 nke Elisa Gabbert nke ''New York Times dere.'' <ref name="bestpoetry">{{Cite news|author=Gabbert|first=Elisa|title=The Best Poetry of 2021|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/10/books/review/best-poetry-books-2021.html|accessdate=30 May 2022|date=10 December 2021}}</ref> <ref name="sheinwin">{{Cite news|author=Shein Win|first=Maw|title=Tongo Eisen-Martin has become San Francisco's premier revolutionary poet|url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/the_fs/faces/tongo-eisen-martin-has-become-san-francisco-s-premier-revolutionary-poet/article_7a3da385-dcf4-55a8-a252-be73f588f679.html|accessdate=30 May 2022|date=26 May 2022}}</ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == * ''Mmadụ anwụọla.'' Bootstrap Pịa. 2015. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780988610835|9780988610835]] * ''Eluigwe bụ ihe ọma niile.'' Ọkụ obodo. 2017. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780872867451|9780872867451]] * ''Na-echere N'azụ Tornados maka nri.'' Akụrụngwa. 2020. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Eisen-Martin|first=Tongo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxgSEAAAQBAJ|title=Waiting Behind Tornados For Food|date=2020-11-30|publisher=Materials|language=en}}</ref> * ''Ọbara na Fog: Pocket Poets Series No. 62 Tongo Eisen-Martin.'' Ọkụ obodo. 2021. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780872868755|9780872868755]] == Ntụaka == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4qzg1qrnt5np7kjfp53r4svd6uohyuh 0 47820 728415 187381 2026-09-27T06:03:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Tazewell Thompson''' bụ onye ntụzi ihe nkiri America, onye bụbu onye ntụzi nka nka nke Westport Country Playhouse (2006–07) na Westport, [[Kónétíkùt|Connecticut]] na Syracuse Stage (1992–95) na steeti [[Nú Yọk|New York]] . Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ onye na-enyere aka na Arena Stage na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke Opera Studies na Manhattan School of Music . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msmnyc.edu/news/tazewell-thompson-is-named-director-of-opera-studies-at-manhattan-school-of-music/|title=Tazewell Thompson is named Director of Opera Studies at Manhattan School of Music|work=Manhattan School of Music|accessdate=August 12, 2020}}</ref> Thompson eduzila ọtụtụ mmepụta onwe ha, na ebe ọ bụ na 2000, mgbe ọ na-eduzi opera mbụ ya, ''Porgy na Bess'' maka New York City Opera, ka a na-akpọ ka ọ duzie operas na egwu egwu. Ihe ịga nke ọma ya butere akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù ka ọ rụpụta ihe kpọmkwem nke Francis Poulenc 's ''Dialogues of the Carmelites'' maka Glimmerglass Opera na City Opera na 2002 na 2004, n'otu n'otu, yana ọrụ ndị ọzọ. A họpụtara Thompson maka Emmy na 2006 dị ka onye ntụzi kacha mma maka mmepụta televishọn nke ''Porgy na Bess'' nke emere na Arena Stage na Washington, DC. N'August 2012, o duuru Maxwell Anderson na Kurt Weill 's ''Lost in the Stars'' (1949) maka Glimmerglass Opera, egwu sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ [[South Africa]] kpochapụwo ''Cry, Obodo a hụrụ n'anya'' nke Alan Paton . Dị ka onye na-ede egwuregwu, Thompson enwetawokwa nkwanye ùgwù, na ọtụtụ mmepụta nke ''Constant Star'' (2002) banyere onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ida B. Wells . Egwuregwu ya, ''Mary T. & Lizzy K.'', gbasara Mary Todd Lincoln na Elizabeth Keckley, malitere na Washington, DC, na Arena Stage na 2013. ''Jubilee'', ihe egwu ''cappella'' nke o dere ma duzie ya dabere na Fisk Jubilee Singers nke Mahadum Fisk, nwekwara mmalite ya na Arena Stage, na 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dcmetrotheaterarts.com/2019/05/20/jubilee-at-arena-stage/|title=Review: 'Jubilee' at Arena Stage|author=Simms-Burton|first=Michele|date=May 20, 2019|work=DC Metro Theater Arts|language=en-US|accessdate=June 5, 2019|archivedate=June 5, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605212311/https://dcmetrotheaterarts.com/2019/05/20/jubilee-at-arena-stage/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/jubilee-makes-a-star-of-the-chorus-at-arena-stage/2019/05/20/6bc9b316-7afa-11e9-8ede-f4abf521ef17_story.html|title='Jubilee' makes a star of the chorus at Arena Stage|author=Pressley|first=Nelson|date=May 20, 2019|work=Washington Post|language=en-US|accessdate=June 12, 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Tazewell Thompson na [[New York City]] . Oge nwata ya siri ike ka nna ya, onye egwu jazz, na-eme njem ugboro ugboro. Nne ya nwere nsogbu mmetụta uche, mgbe ọkụ gbasịrị n'ụlọ ha ebe nwanne ya nwoke dị afọ atọ nwụrụ, ọ nweghị ike ilekọta ya. Mgbe Tazewell dị afọ asatọ, nne nne nna ya tinyere aka iji nyere ya aka, tinye ya n'ụlọ nke ụmụnna nwanyị St. Dominic na- agba na Blauvelt, New York . Ya na ha biri afọ isii, ma nata sacraments mmalite nke Ụka Katọlik . Ọ na-echeta ụmụnna nwanyị ndị gbara ya ume ka o nwee mmasị na ihe nkiri. Ọ tụpụtara n'ahụmahụ ya ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị n'ịduzi Poulenc's opera ''Dialogues of the Carmelites.'' <ref name="midgette">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/arts/music/10midg.html?_r=0|first=Anne|author=Midgette|title=One Opera, Two Convents, 16 Martyrs|work=The New York Times|date=October 10, 2004|accessdate=February 14, 2013}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Thompson bụ onye nkedo nke mbụ Broadway mmepụta nke ''National Health'' (1974) <ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/person.asp?id=89704 "Tazewell Thompson, Performer"] at [[IBDB]].</ref> na ''Checking Out'' (1976). <ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1210934/otherworks "Tazewell Thompson"], IMDb.</ref> Ọ mere n'ọtụtụ ihe egwu egwu Off-Off-Broadway nke Rosalyn Drexler mere. <ref name="gussow">[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30712FC355F0C778EDDAB0894DC494D81&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fT%2fTheater "Director Shakes Up Syracuse Stage"], ''The New York Times,'' February 24, 1994.</ref> == Ntuziaka ihe nkiri == Na New York, Thompson kụziri na St. Ann's School ma tinyekwa nnukwu mmepụta ihe na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, gụnyere Stephen Sondheim 's ''Follies'' na ''Phèdre'' (na French). Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe n'onwe ya na ntụzịaka ya. <ref name="gussow"/> == Onye odee egwu == Thompson edewo ma na-eduzi ọtụtụ egwuregwu, gụnyere ''Constant Star'' (2002), ihe nkiri egwu egwu banyere ndụ onye na-eme ihe ike na narị afọ nke 19 na onye nta akụkọ Ida B. Wells, nke mbụ mepụtara na Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, na Ụlọ ihe nkiri City . <ref name="roost">[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/theatre_journal/v055/55.1roost.html Alisa C. Roost, "'Constant Star' (review)"], ''Theatre Journal'', Volume 55, Number 1, March 2003, pp. 158–159 | 10.1353/tj.2003.0039, JSTOR, accessed February 14, 2013.</ref> Ọ na-eji ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ise na-egwu Wells, bụ ndị na-egosipụtakwa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọzọ na ndụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ isi ihe nkiri, ọ gụnyere ihe dị ka mmụọ negro 20 nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-abụ ma jiri ya mee mgbanwe. <ref name="roost" /> Ejije a gagharịala mba Amerịka. Thompson kwuru maka egwuregwu ya: : Okwu mmeghe nke mbụ m na Ida B. Wells bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ PBS na ndụ ya. Akụkọ ya masịrị m. Nwanyị a mụrụ n'ohu, ọ ga-etolite wee bụrụ otu n'ime nnukwu ndị ọsụ ụzọ na-agba mbọ nke Civil Rights Movement . A precursor nke [[Rosa Parks]], ọ bụ a suffragist, akwụkwọ akụkọ nchịkọta akụkọ na onye nkwusa, investigative odeakụkọ, co-nchoputa nke NAACP, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwa akwukwo, nne, nwunye, na otu onye kasị ike onye ndú na mgbochi-lynching mkpọsa na America. Nwanyị na-agba ọsọ, esemokwu, nke na-adịghị mma, nwanyị agbụrụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-agbaji achịcha ma na-agafe mma agha na ụfọdụ ndị na-akwagharị na ndị na-ama jijiji nke oge ya: Frederick Douglass, Susan B. Anthony, [[Marcus Garvey]], Booker T. Washington, WEB Du Bois, President McKinley . Site na ntule ziri ezi ọ bụla, ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na Post- Reconstruction America. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> * ''Mary T. & Lizzy K.'' (2013), egwuregwu ya banyere Mary Todd Lincoln na Elizabeth Keckley, onye bụbu ohu bụ onye ''modiste'' na enyi Lincoln, meghere na March 2013 na Mead Center for American Theatre na Washington, DC. <ref name="gage">{{Cite web|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/mrs-keckley-has-met-with-great-success/|first=Joan Paulson|author=Gage|title='Mrs. Keckley Has Met With Great Success'|date=February 7, 2013|accessdate=February 14, 2013}}</ref> == Ihe nketa na nsọpụrụ == * 2006, Thompson meriri NAACP Theater Award maka Director nke Musical maka mmepụta ya nke ''Porgy na Bess'' . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blacktalentnews.com/artman/publish/article_474.shtml |title=Black Talent News - The Beverly Hills/Hollywood NAACP Announced Winners Of The 16th Annual NAACP Theatre Awards, posted on Feb 23, 2006 |accessdate=June 13, 2024 |archivedate=October 1, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001165544/http://www.blacktalentnews.com/artman/publish/article_474.shtml }}</ref> * 2006, a họpụtara ya maka Emmy dị ka onye ntụzi aka kacha mma maka mmepụta televishọn nke ''Porgy na Bess ya.'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dctheatrescene.com/show/14/|title=14|date=April 11, 2019|work=DC Theatre Scene|accessdate=August 12, 2020}}</ref> == Ntụaka == 19 na onye nta akụkọ Ida B. Wells, nke mbụ mepụtara na Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, na Ụlọ ihe nkiri City . Ọ na-eji ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ise na-egwu Wells, bụ ndị na-egosipụtakwa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọzọ na ndụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ isi ihe nkiri, ọ gụnyere ihe dị ka mmụọ negro 20 nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-abụ{{Reflist|30em}} == Ebe ndị ọzọ == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071027083039/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117924840.html?categoryid=15&cs=1 Frank Rizzo, "Thompson in na Westport: Onye nduzi nka ga-amalite ọrụ ọhụrụ Jan. 1"], ''Ụdị dị iche iche,'' June 21, 2005 * "Westport Playhouse Names Tazewell Thompson Artistic Director", Westport Ugbu a, June 20, 2005 == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|id=1210934}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] st8ydwr2gvrmaie0n06ldl8mfhphbqj 0 47823 728267 176018 2026-09-26T17:20:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|URL={{url|http://ozscott.com}}}} {{Databox}}'''Osborne Scott''' (amuru Septemba 16, 1949) bu ihe onyonyo America na onye isi ihe nkiri na onye na-emeputa ihe. A maara ya nke ọma maka ''Mr. Boogedy'', ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi na-emeri emeri. == Ndụ na ọrụ == Amụrụ na Hampton, Virginia, Scott gara NYU's Tisch School of the Arts wee nweta MFA tupu ọ malite ọrụ ya na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] 's Arena Stage . Mgbe ọ nọ na Arena Stage, ọ na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ njem nlegharị anya The Living Stage. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eduzi na egwuregwu Broadway gụnyere ''maka ụmụ agbọghọ nwere agba ndị chere na igbu onwe ha mgbe egwurugwu bụ Enuf'', nke nwetara ya ihe [[Drama Desk Award|nrite Desk Award]] na 1977, na 1982 ọ duziri ụdị telivishọn. <ref name="NYT">{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Oz Scott|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/110575/Oz-Scott/filmography|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519023512/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/110575/Oz-Scott/filmography|archivedate=May 19, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=June 13, 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Movies & TV Dept. ''[[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times|The New York Times]]''. 2015. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20150519023512/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/110575/Oz-Scott/filmography the original] on May 19, 2015.</cite></ref> Na 1981, ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri mbụ ya, ''Bustin 'Lose'' . <ref name="NYT" /> N'ime 1980s na 1990s, Scott duziri ọtụtụ usoro telivishọn na ihe nkiri telivishọn gụnyere ''Gimme a Break!'' , ''Scarecrow na Mrs. King'', ''Crash Course'', <ref name="NYT" /> ''New Àgwà'', ''Agha Obodo'', ''American Gothic'', ''Lois &amp;amp; Clark: The New Adventures of Superman'', na ''Providence'' . <ref name="official">{{Cite web|url=http://ozscott.com/about/oz-scott|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506182454/http://ozscott.com/about/oz-scott|archivedate=May 6, 2014|title=Oz Scott official biography|publisher=ozscott.com|accessdate=September 3, 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ozscott.com. Archived from on May 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Na 2002, Scott duziri ihe nkiri telivishọn VH1 ''Play'd&nbsp;– Akụkọ Hip Hop'' na-eme Rashaan Nall na Toni Braxton . Usoro a gara n'ihu ka ọ bụrụ mmemme kacha elu nke VH1. N'afọ sochirinụ, Scott duziri ihe nkiri mbụ nke ọwa Disney ''The Cheetah Girls'' . Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eduzi ''The Cheetah Girls'', Scott gara n'ihu na-eduzi usoro ''ọgwụgwọ siri ike'', ''Onye ọ bụla na-akpọ Chris asị'', ''Boston Legal'', <ref name="NYT"/> ''The Unit'', ''Ọkara'', ''CSI: NY'', na ''NCIS'' . Na mgbakwunye na nduzi, Scott dekwara akụkọ nke ''Jefferson'' wee jee ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ maka mmepụta ihe na akụkụ abụọ nke ''Mpaghara'' . <ref name="official"/> N'afọ 2008, a kpọrọ Scott aha onye nduzi nka nka nke Negro Ensemble Company ebe a kpọkwara ya na ndị isi oche. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS231100+04-Feb-2008+BW20080204|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120910174303/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS231100+04-Feb-2008+BW20080204|archivedate=September 10, 2012|title=Major Producer and Director of TV, Film and Stage Joins NEC's 40th Anniversary Season|date=February 4, 2008|publisher=reuters.com|accessdate=September 3, 2008}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Scott bi na Sherman Oaks, California na nwunye ya nke ya na ha nwere ụmụ atọ toro eto. <ref name="official"/> == Filmografii ahọpụtara == === Onye nduzi === === Onye nrụpụta === * ''Usoro ihe nkiri TV anthology nke Walt Disney'' (1987) * ''Mpaghara'' (2003) == Ntụaka == elekọta ụlọ ọrụ njem nlegharị anya The Living Stage. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eduzi na egwuregwu Broadway gụnyere maka ụmụ agbọghọ{{Reflist}} * Official website * {{IMDb name|0779641}} * Oz Scott at AllMovie * Oz Scott at the Internet Broadway Database [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5ouaecwwhfilycel3f4fprmjw1y8qub 0 48113 728411 174619 2026-09-27T05:51:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728411 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Tanya Haden Black''' (amuru Ọktoba 11, 1971) bu onye omenkà America, onye egwu, na onye ọbụ abụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nke jazz bassist Charlie Haden . Ọ lụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jack Black . == Ọrụ == Amụrụ na [[New York City]], ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ ndị agha, gụnyere Ka anyị gaa ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ma bụrụ onye okike nke ihe ngosi ihe ngosi Bear Imaginary. Haden enyela aka na ndekọ nke ọtụtụ ndị egwu [[Los Angeles]], gụnyere ụda olu na cello na Par Avion 's EP, ''Pop Music United'' . Nna ya bụ jazz double bassist Charlie Haden . Haden bụ nwanne nwanyị atọ nke bassist Rachel Haden na onye na-akụ violin Petra Haden, na ha atọ emeela dị ka Haden Triplets . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Petra Haden|url=https://www.laphil.com/musicdb/artists/2231/petra-haden|accessdate=March 9, 2024|work=LA Phil}}</ref> Nwanne ha nwoke bụ onye na-agụ egwú bassist Josh Haden, onye ndú nke otu Spain . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spaintheband.com/videos|title=Spain - videos|author=FourFour|work=spaintheband.com|accessdate=2024-06-14|archivedate=2018-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007100540/http://www.spaintheband.com/videos}}</ref> Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta MFA ya na California Institute of Arts, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ihe ngosi nnwale. <ref name="laphil.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/tanya-haden|title=Tanya Haden|work=laphil.com}}</ref> Ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na nka a na-ahụ anya wee gosipụta n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi gụnyere otu na Las Cienegas Projects na 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lascienegasprojects.wordpress.com/2010/05/31/sandy-de-lissovoy-and-david-kelleytanya-hadenbeatriz-monteavaro/|title=Sandy de Lissovoy and David Kelley / Tanya Haden / Beatriz Monteavaro|work=LCP|date=30 May 2010}}</ref> Na 2015, Rosamund Felsen Gallery welitere Haden ebe o nwere ihe ngosi otu onye na-ese ihe na-egosi eserese. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rosamundfelsen.com/artists/tanya-haden/|title=Tanya Haden|work=Rosamund Felsen}}</ref> Haden na-egwu cello nke ukwuu na mpaghara Los Angeles gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọzọ so na otu Silversun Pickups . Ọ na-egwukwa cello na ''Pikul'' EP ha, nke ewepụtara na 2005. <ref name="laphil.com"/> Haden edekọwokwa ya na ndị otu Los Angeles indie folk Sea Wolf <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://seawolfmusic.com/disco.php?galID=7|title=DISCO|work=seawolfmusic.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025005/http://seawolfmusic.com/disco.php?galID=7|archivedate=2014-02-03}}</ref> wee kpọọ cello na Los Angeles based rock band The Warlocks album ''Surgery'' na 2005. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wearethelastbeatniks.com/2014/01/06/psychic-mirror/|title=Psychic mirror|work=wearethelastbeatniks|date=6 January 2014}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Haden zutere omee Jack Black mgbe ha bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Crossroads School, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị onwe na Santa Monica . Ọ bụ ezie na ha abụọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nkeonwe ọnụ, ha amaliteghị ịlụ ruo oge opupu ihe ubi 2005. Ha abụọ lụrụ na Machị 14, 2006 na Big Sur, California . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1172114,00.html|title=Jack Black Elopes with Tanya Haden - Marriage|publisher=People.com|access-date=2024-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822124429/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1172114,00.html|archive-date=2016-08-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ha na June 10, 2006 na Cedars-Sinai Medical Center na [[Los Angeles]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1203366,00.html|title=It's a Boy for Jack Black, Wife - Birth|publisher=People.com|access-date=2024-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822124433/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1203366,00.html|archive-date=2016-08-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> A mụrụ nwa ha nwoke nke abụọ na May 23, 2008. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Dị ka Aaron Freeman ( Gene Ween ) si kwuo, abụ Ween bụ "Nọgide na-adịru Ebi" maka Haden. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7VbwPex5RY stay forever] Aaron Freeman 9/15/2012 Lincoln Hall; Chicago, IL</ref> == Ntụaka == Ka anyị gaa ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ma bụrụ onye okike nke ihe ngosi ihe ngosi Bear Imaginary. Haden enyela aka na ndekọ nke ọtụtụ{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jxyy3xqgyn1iv0iepyvzm1y57o4ksff 0 48213 728281 723272 2026-09-26T18:39:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728281 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Peter M. Sacks''' (amụrụ 1950) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ede uri South Africa bi na-arụ ọrụ na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] . == Ndụ == A mụrụ Sacks na Port Elizabeth, South Africa, wee tolite na Durban, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Clifton School (Durban) na Durban High School . Nna ya bụ dibia bekee ma kụzie ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike ojii. Sacks mụọkwa ọgwụ tupu ya agafee na mmemme sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Natal . Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ o kwuru okwu ma hazie ihe ngosi mgbochi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Sacks jere ozi ọnwa ole na ole na ndị agha, nke dị mkpa n'oge ahụ, tupu ya enweta akwụkwọ mmụta na Mahadum Princeton . <ref name="rothman">Joshua Rothman, [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/25/an-artists-archeology-of-the-mind "An Artist's Archeology of the Mind,"] ''[[The New Yorker]]'', March 18, 2019.</ref> Mgbe Princeton (BA 1973), ọ gara Mahadum Oxford dị ka onye ọkà mmụta Rhodes (M.Phil. 1976), na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]] (PhD 1980). Sacks kuziri Bekee na Mahadum Johns Hopkins n'etiti 1980 na 1996, na-akwalite ya ịbụ prọfesọ zuru oke na 1989. Kemgbe 1996, ọ bụbu onye prọfesọ nke akwụkwọ na asụsụ Bekee na America na Mahadum Harvard . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220119/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/04.15/sacks.profile.html "Swimming in Words"], [[Harvard Gazette]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.fas.harvard.edu/faculty/sacks/|title=Peter Sacks|work=english.fas.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-06|archivedate=2017-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930210827/http://english.fas.harvard.edu/faculty/sacks/}}</ref> Nwunye mbụ ya bụ [http://barbarakassel.com/Artist.asp?ArtistID=5729&Akey=PQFJP8B4 Barbara Kassel], onye na-ese ihe na onye nkụzi nke eserese. Sacks lụrụ Pulitzer-prize onye na-ede uri Jorie Graham na 2000. Na 1999, n'oge obibi na Marfa, Texas, Sacks malitere iji acrylic na-acha ọcha na-ese ihe n'elu foto. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọ na-eme ihe osise ndị dị nta na akwụkwọ ndetu ruo ọtụtụ afọ, bụ nke ọ họọrọ ka ọ nọrọ na nzuzo, nke a mere ka ọ nwee mmasị n'ịrụ ọrụ na kwaaji na mkpebi igosi. Ọ na-egosi ugbu a ọrụ ya na New York na gburugburu ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://petersacks.com/home|title=Peter Sacks|work=petersacks.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-09-07}}</ref> == Art == Ihe ngosi solo abụọ mbụ nke Sacks dị na Paris, na Galerie Pièce Pụrụ Iche, na 2004 na [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/impaginatodisteso.pdf 2007] . Ihe ngosi solo nke US mbụ na 2009 nke eserese ya mara mma na [http://www.petersacks.com/paul-rodgers-9w Paul Rodgers/9W Gallery] na New York City <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.petersacks.com/home|title=Republic - at Sperone Westwater 22 January – 13 March 2021 &#124; Peter Sacks}}</ref> nwetara nyocha na Artforum (November 2009) nke Rosalind Krauss dere. Mgbe ihe ngosi ahụ gasịrị, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Metropolitan na Museum of Fine Arts na Boston nwetara nnukwu triptychs. Na 2010, Houston Museum of Fine Arts nwetara triptych ọzọ site na [http://theoffendingadam.com/2010/10/27/sampler-and-sediment-the-art-of-peter-sacks/ ihe ngosi] na [http://www.petersacks.com/wade-wilson-art Wade Wilson Gallery.] Ihe ngosi nke [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/Peter_Sacks_Catalogue2010.pdf "Ihe osise ọhụrụ"] na [http://www.petersacks.com/home Paul Rogers/9W Gallery] site na Ọktoba 2012 ruo Jenụarị 2013 kpalitere mmeghachi omume dị oke egwu. <ref name="Bloch">{{Cite journal|author=Bloch|first=Talia|title=Peter Sacks: New Paintings|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2012|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2012/11/artseen/peter-sacksnew-paintings}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Merkin|first=Daphne|title=Where a Thousand Words Paint a Picture|journal=The New York Times|date=December 19, 2012|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/arts/design/peter-sackss-new-paintings-at-paul-rodgers-9w.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lerner|first=Ben|title=Peter Sacks|journal=Art in America|date=January 11, 2013|url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/peter-sacks/}}</ref> [http://www.robertmillergallery.com/#!peter-sacks/c1jo7 Na 2014] mgbe [http://www.robertmillergallery.com/ Robert Miller Gallery] nọchiri anya ya gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke nnukwu ọrụ, [http://www.petersacks.com/aftermath ''usoro ihe omume Aftermath''] . Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/Peter_Sacks_Robert_Miller_Catalog_2014_WebEdition_sm.pdf katalọgụ Christopher Bedford] . E wezụga iwebata agba agba siri ike na ọrụ lekwasịrị anya gburugburu [[Nelson Mandela|Mandela]] na Gandhi, ihe ngosi ahụ kpughekwara ihe ọhụrụ na-emesi ike na ọrụ na akwụkwọ. Na February 2015 [https://web.archive.org/web/20150613014525/http://www.ivorypress.com/es/content/books-beyond-artists-words-and-images-1 , Ivorypress Gallery na Madrid] gosipụtara ọrụ 66 na kaadiboodu - "peeji" nke akwụkwọ akpọrọ "The Kafka Series." N'ime ndị a, ebe ọ bụla ederede na ederede ejiri aka dee, a na-enwetakarị ya site na Kafka's ''The Trial.'' Ọtụtụ n'ime eserese ndị ahụ dị na kaadiboodu ewepụtara na igbe FedEx ejirila na nke akpọrọ. Sacks bụ [http://www.marlboroughgallery.com/galleries/new-york/artists/peter-sacks Marlborough Gallery], New York nọchitere anya ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Ihe ngosi solo nke Eprel 2017, [http://www.marlboroughgallery.com/exhibitions/peter-sacks-new-works Peter Sacks: Ọrụ Ọhụrụ] gosipụtara usoro obodo ya wee soro ya na [https://web.archive.org/web/20240916225250/https://issuu.com/marlborough/docs/sacks_cat_issuu_fffc60004fc6ad katalọgụ] webatara Sebastian Smee . Ihe ngosi na-esote, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200929231037/http://www.marlboroughlondon.com/exhibitions/peter-sacks-migrations/ Peter Sacks: Migrations], na Marlborough Fine Art, London na 2018, gosipụtara ọrụ ọhụrụ na ntinye edemede na katalọgụ nke Paul Keegan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/marlboroughfineart/docs/peter_sacks_migrations|title=Peter Sacks: Migrations|work=Issuu|accessdate=2018-09-05|language=en|archive-date=2020-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927015558/https://issuu.com/marlboroughfineart/docs/peter_sacks_migrations|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Machị 2019 ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ọhụrụ akpọrọ [https://issuu.com/marlborough/docs/0319_sacks_catalog_issuu/ “Ndozi”] ka e gosipụtara na Marlborough Gallery, New York na katalọgụ nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20220621191747/http://petersacks.com/sites/default/files/PeterSacks-Repair_2019_LowRes.pdf Leora-Maltz Leca dere] . N'ime ọrụ ya, Sacks kwuru, sị, "M na-ahụ ihe osise m dị ka obe n'etiti ihe osise ọgbara ọhụrụ, frescoes nke oge ochie, ihe odide ndị na-enwu ọkụ, na ihe osise na-adịghị ahụkebe nke narị afọ nke 20 na njedebe .... Ihe ngosi ahụ bụ banyere nlanarị. Ọ bụ banyere ihe na-adịgide adịgide." <ref name="Bloch" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://studiointernational.com/index.php/peter-sacks-aftermath-interview|title=Peter Sacks interview: 'Every painting has its own secret story', Studio International|author=Kurchanova|first=Natasha|work=Studio International - Visual Arts, Design and Architecture|accessdate=2018-09-05|language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Article/redirect/152D5D8F667D0A87?draft=true|title=MutualArt.com - The Web's Largest Art Information Service.|work=www.mutualart.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-09-05|archivedate=2018-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180150/https://www.mutualart.com/Article/redirect/152D5D8F667D0A87?draft=true}}</ref> == Abụ == Akwụkwọ ''akụkọ Library'', na-enyocha ''n'ugwu ndị a'', kwuru, sị, "Mpịakọta mbụ a nke onye South Africa bi na America bụ ọrụ dị jụụ, nke na-adịghị mma, na mgbagwoju anya, sitere na isiokwu site na njem gaa na enweghị ebe obibi; na mmetụta, site na ememe nke ịma mma ruo ncheta na-egbu mgbu. N'ịkọkọ akụkọ ifo, ebe nchekwa, na akụkọ ihe mere eme iji kọọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke South Africa Bushmen, ogologo aha abụ uri na-egosipụta mmetụta dị mgbagwoju anya nke Sacks—mwute, iwe, ọnwụ n'ebe ala nna ya nọ. Sacks bụ onye na-ede uri a na-ahụ anya - onye na-ese ihe oyiyi kama ịbụ onye na-adịghị ahụ anya ma ọ bụ nke na-ekwu okwu - na ihe oyiyi ya, dị ka mmetụta ya banyere South Africa, nwere ihu abụọ. ” Banyere akwụkwọ 2003 ya ''dị mkpa'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://books.wwnorton.com/books/detail.aspx?ID=7549|title=Necessity {{!}} W. W. Norton & Company|work=books.wwnorton.com|accessdate=2018-09-07}}</ref> Sacks kwuru, "Egwú ndị ahụ na-eme ma dekọọ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere ma nwee ike ịkọwapụta onwe ya n'agbanyeghị ikpe na-ezighị ezi, mkparị, ịma mma." == Akwụkwọ na ihe nrite == Peter Sacks ebipụtala akwụkwọ uri ise: ''N'Ugwu Ndị a'' ( Macmillan 1986), ''Ala Nkwa'' ( Penguin Books 1990), ''Natal Command'' ( Mahadum Chicago 1997), ''O Wheel'' ( Mahadum Georgia 2000), na ''Mkpa'' ( WW Norton 2002) . Egwu onye ọ bụla site na Sacks apụtala na ''New Yorker'', ''New Republic'', ''Boulevard'', ''Nyocha Paris'', na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụkwa onye edemede nke ''The English Elegy: Studies in the Genre from Spencer to Yeats'' ( Johns Hopkins University 1985) na ihe omumu ihe omumu nka, ''Woody Gwynn: An Approach to the Landscape'' ( Texas Tech University 1993). Ọ natara Phi Beta Kappa 's Christian Gauss Award maka ''English Elegy'' na 1985, natara Guggenheim Fellowship na 1997, ma bụrụ onye mmeri 1999 nke asọmpi uri nke Mahadum Georgia Contemporary. <ref name="globe">Alex Beam, "Website polices rhymes and misdemeanors," ''Boston Globe'', 31 March 2005, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001601/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2005/03/31/website_polices_rhymes_and_misdemeanors/ available here]</ref> Na 1999 ọ bụ onye edemede Lannan Foundation na obibi na Marfa, Texas . == Ntụaka == akụkọ ihe mere eme iji kọọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke South Africa Bushmen, ogologo aha abụ uri na-egosipụta mmetụta dị mgbagwoju anya nke Sacks—mwute, iwe, ọnwụ n'ebe ala Egwu onye ọ bụla site na Sacks apụtala na New Yorker, New Republic, Boulevard, Nyocha ParisEgwu onye ọ bụla site na Sacks apụtala na ''[[New Yorker]]'', ''[[New Republic]]'', ''[[Boulevard (magazine)|Boulevard]]'', ''[[Nyochaa Paris|Nyocha Paris]]''{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.petersacks.com/ Peter Sacks webụsaịtị] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240920035556/https://issuu.com/marlboroughfineart/docs/peter_sacks_migrations Katalọgụ 2018] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240916225250/https://issuu.com/marlborough/docs/sacks_cat_issuu_fffc60004fc6ad Katalọgụ 2017] * [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/Peter_Sacks_Robert_Miller_Catalog_2014_WebEdition_sm.pdf 2014 katalọgụ] * [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/Peter_Sacks_Catalogue2010.pdf Katalọgụ 2010] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522000237/https://www.mutualart.com/Article/redirect/152D5D8F667D0A87?draft=true Mkparịta ụka MutualArt.com na Peter Sacks: 'Dị ka igwupụta ihe na ntụgharị'] * [http://studiointernational.com/index.php/peter-sacks-aftermath-interview Interview Studio International: "Ihe osise ọ bụla nwere akụkọ nzuzo nke ya"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/arts/design/peter-sackss-new-paintings-at-paul-rodgers-9w.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Akụkọ NY Times: Ebe puku okwu na-ese foto] * [http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/peter-sacks/ Nyocha ''Art na America'' : Peter Sacks] * [http://www.brooklynrail.org/2012/11/artseen/peter-sacksnew-paintings Nyocha okporo ígwè Brooklyn: "PETER SACKS New Paintings"] * [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/PeterSacks_ARTFORUM_Review.pdf Nlebanya Art Forum nke ihe ngosi 2010] * [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/Peter_Sacks_Artforum.com_review.pdf Ntụle nka nka nke ''mkpa 12''] * [http://www.petersacks.com/sites/default/files/impaginatodisteso.pdf 2007 katalọgụ] * [http://theoffendingadam.com/2010/10/27/sampler-and-sediment-the-art-of-peter-sacks Nyocha Adam na-emejọ: Sampler na Sediment: Art of Peter Sacks] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hekiniomp1n2fhmdu7kqnk8h0j8imef 0 48214 728423 723935 2026-09-27T06:47:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Theo Rossi|image=Theo Rossi by Gage Skidmore.jpg|alt=|caption=Rossi at the 2012 [[San Diego Comic-Con International]]|birthname=John Theodore Rossi|birth_place=[[Staten Island]], [[New York City]], U.S.|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1975|6|4}}{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}|occupation={{hlist|Actor|producer|philanthropist}}|spouse={{marriage|Meghan McDermott|2014}}|children=2}} {{Databox}}'''John Theodore Rossi''' (amuru June 4, 1975) bu [[Actor|onye omekorita]] na onye nmeputa America. Ọ gosipụtara Juan Carlos "Ihe ọṅụṅụ" Ortiz na usoro FX ''Ụmụ Anarchy'' (2008-2014) na Hernan "Shades" Alvarez na ''Luke Cage'' (2016-2018). Ọrụ ihe nkiri ya gụnyere Tino Hull na ''Red Sands'' (2009), Todd na ''Bad Hurt'' (2015), Francisco "Ghost" Alvarez na ''Lowriders'' (2017), Deuce in ''Vault'' (2019), na Youcef na ''Emily the Criminal'' (2022), na nke ikpeazụ n'ime ya nwetara onyinye nturu ugo Independent Spirit . == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Rossi na Staten Island, [[New York City]] . Ọ bụ onye Italian, Spanish, Lebanọn na Siria. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022|title=Theo Rossi on Emily the Criminal|url=https://whynow.co.uk/read/theo-rossi-emily-the-criminal-interview|work=Whynow}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye tolitere, ọ na-enwe mmasị ịnya igwe unyi . <ref name="tvguide1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/theo-rossi/bio/273828|title=Theo Rossi Biography|publisher=Tvguide.com|accessdate=2013-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074518/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/theo-rossi/bio/273828|archive-date=2014-04-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> O kwenyela n'ihu ọha na ọ na-ere ọgwụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ tupu ọ kwaga California. Ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na Lee Strasberg Theater Institute na New York, ebe ọ pụtara n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theorossi.com/?page_id=33|title=Biography|publisher=TheoRossi.com|date=2008-11-16|accessdate=2013-12-05|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130411230758/http://theorossi.com/?page_id=33|archivedate=2013-04-11}}</ref> <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tv3.co.nz/Theo-Rossi-as-Jean-Carlos-Juice-Ortiz/tabid/1345/articleID/75204/Default.aspx|title=Theo Rossi (as Jean Carlos 'Juice' Ortiz) - Cast - Sons Of Anarchy - Shows|publisher=TV3|accessdate=2013-12-05|archivedate=2013-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111073521/http://www.tv3.co.nz/Theo-Rossi-as-Jean-Carlos-Juice-Ortiz/tabid/1345/articleID/75204/Default.aspx}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. TV3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Rossi gbara Juan Carlos "Juice" Ortiz na usoro FX ''Ụmụ Anarchy'' . Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya, ''Dos Dudes Pictures'', mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya na 2014, ''Bad Hurt'', Rossi na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Karen Allen na Michael Harney . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.shockya.com/news/2015/05/30/tribeca-2015-interview-theo-rossi-talks-bad-hurt-exclusive/|title=Tribeca 2015 Interview: Theo Rossi Talks Bad Hurt (Exclusive)|date=2015-05-30|work=Shockya.com|accessdate=2017-10-20|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/sons-anarchy-star-theo-rossi-joins-caa-exclusive-184508562.html|title='Sons of Anarchy' Star Theo Rossi Joins CAA (Exclusive)|accessdate=2017-10-20|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020192249/https://www.yahoo.com/movies/sons-anarchy-star-theo-rossi-joins-caa-exclusive-184508562.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gbara Hernan "Shades" Alvarez na ''Luke Cage'' site na 2016 ruo 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/netflixs-luke-cage-adds-rosario-dawson-theo-rossi|title=Netflix's "Luke Cage" Adds Rosario Dawson, Theo Rossi|date=2 September 2015|accessdate=2 September 2015|archivedate=6 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306083848/http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/netflixs-luke-cage-adds-rosario-dawson-theo-rossi}}</ref> Na 2019, Rossi sonyeere Board Advisory of Harlem Film House, nke na-egosi Hip Hop Film Festival, ihe omume kwa afọ nke na-elekwasị anya na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri sitere na omenala ụwa nke hip hop, ma na-akwalite nkwado ego maka ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nọọrọ onwe ha site na obodo ndị a na-ekewaghị ekewa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff|first=S. B. N.|date=2019-09-30|title=THEO ROSSI & BRUCE COHEN JOIN THE ADVISORY BOARD AT HARLEM FILM HOUSE|url=https://www.siliconbeachnews.org/theo-rossi-bruce-cohen-join-the-advisory-board-at-harlem-film-house/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Silicon Beach News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212128/https://www.siliconbeachnews.org/theo-rossi-bruce-cohen-join-the-advisory-board-at-harlem-film-house/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=House|first=Harlem Film|date=2019-09-17|title=THEO ROSSI & BRUCE COHEN JOIN THE ADVISORY BOARD AT HARLEM FILM HOUSE|url=https://harlemfilmhouse.medium.com/theo-rossi-bruce-cohen-join-the-advisory-board-at-harlem-film-house-f79adab2b92c|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-27|title=Harlem Film House Our Team|url=https://harlemfilmhouse.org/thecrew/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Harlem Film House|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920211948/https://harlemfilmhouse.org/thecrew/}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Rossi na-etinye aka na ndị ikom na ndị inyom nke ndị agha, ya na ''ụmụ nwoke'' ibe ya na-eme ihe nkiri Kim Coates, Dayton Callie na Ron Perlman . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/5/prweb9505150.htm|title='Sons of Anarchy's' Ron Perlman, Theo Rossi and Dayton Callie Drop in on Marines and their Families Stationed in California on USO Tour|publisher=PRweb.com|accessdate=2013-12-05|archivedate=2013-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222124707/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/5/prweb9505150.htm}}</ref> Onye nnọchianya na Mgbasa Ozi Boot, Rossi na-arụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ òtù na-ebuli ego maka ndị agha merụrụ ahụ na ndị na-alọghachi na nsogbu nrụgide post-traumatic (PTSD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bootcampaign.com/about/|title=About|publisher=Boot Campaign|accessdate=2013-12-05|archivedate=2016-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105192422/http://www.bootcampaign.com/about/}}</ref> N'ime oge ezumike, Rossi na-agakarị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị iche iche ileta ndị agha US. <ref name="autogenerated1"/> O nyere aka n'ịhazi mmemme Boot Ride kwa afọ nke na-erite uru Mgbasa Ozi Boot, na-enye ndị Fans ohere ka ha na ''ụmụ Anarchy'' na-agba otu ụbọchị ka ha na-enweta ego maka ndị agha US. N’oge na-adịghị anya ka Hurricane Sandy kụsịrị Staten Island, Rossi, ya na ndị enyi na ezinụlọ, hiwere Staten Strong, mmemme nke Mgbasa Ozi Boot na-elekọta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/story/20392360/theo-rossi-staten-strong|title=Theo Rossi 'Staten Strong' - New York News|publisher=Myfoxny.com|accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref> Staten Strong wughachiri ụlọ atọ maka ndị ajọ ifufe Sandy tara na Staten Island. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Carol Ann|author=Benanti|url=http://blog.silive.com/inside_out_column/2013/03/staten_island_charity_rebuilds_for_hurricane_sandy_victim.html|title=StatenStrong 'angels' rebuild home for Staten Island Sandy victim|publisher=Blog.SILive.com|date=8 March 2013|accessdate=2013-12-05|archivedate=2014-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814013040/http://blog.silive.com/inside_out_column/2013/03/staten_island_charity_rebuilds_for_hurricane_sandy_victim.html}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Rossi bi na Austin, Texas. Ọ na-eri nri "nke na- abụkarị ihe ọkụkụ " ma na-eri akwa mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231205011510/https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2023-03-03/the-crawl-almost-vegan-food-crawl-emily-the-criminal-theo-rossi "An almost vegan food crawl with Theo Rossi, ‘Emily the Criminal’ star and hummus traditionalist"]. latimes.com. Retrieved 4 December 2023.</ref> Ọ lụrụ Meghan McDermott. A mụrụ nwa mbụ di na nwunye ahụ na 2015, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/theo-rossi-and-wife-meghan-mcdermott-welcome-a-baby-boy-201586|title=Theo Rossi and Wife Meghan McDermott Welcome a Baby Boy!|date=8 June 2015}}</ref> na nke abụọ ha na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.com/babies/theo-rossi-welcomes-son-arlo-benjamin/|title=A Second Son! Theo Rossi and Wife Meghan Welcome Arlo Benjamin}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Film !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2001 |''The Myersons'' |Montilli |2002 |- |2003 |''The Challenge'' |Anthony | |- |2004 |''Buds for Life'' |Teddy | |- |2005 |''House of the Dead 2'' |Greg Berlin | |- |2008 |''Cloverfield'' |Antonio | |- |2008 |''Kill Theory'' |Carlos | |- |2009 |''The Informers'' |Spaz | |- |2009 |''Red Sands'' |Pfc. Tino Hull | |- |2009 |''Space'' |Mike |Short film |- |2013 |''Meth Head'' |Carlos | |- |2016 |''Bad Hurt'' |Todd |Also producer;<br /><br />Sunscreen Film Festival West Award for Best Narrative Feature |- |2016 |''When the Bough Breaks'' |Mike Mitchell | |- |2017 |''Lowriders'' |Francisco “Ghost” Alvarez |Nominated – Imagen Award for Best Actor - Feature Film |- |2019 |''Vault'' |Deuce | |- |2019 |''American Skin'' |Officer Dominic Reyes | |- |2019 |''Rattlesnake'' |Billy | |- |2020 |''Ghosts of War'' |Kirk | |- |2021 |''Army of the Dead'' |Burt Cummings | |- |2022 |''Emily the Criminal'' |Youcef |Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Performance |- |2022 |''Escape the Field'' |Tyler | |- |2022 |''Vendetta'' |Rory Fetter |- |2022 |''Dear Zoe'' |Nick DeNunzio | |- |2023 |''Squealer'' |Danny D. | |- |2024 |''Bosco'' |Ramos | |- |TBA |''Carry-On'' | |Post-production |} == Ntụaka == omume kwa afọ nke na-elekwasị anya na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri sitere na omenala ụwa nke hip hop, ma na-akwalite nkwado ego maka ndị na-ese{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements]] mm979u5ohyzvn3der4m91fe7csvvtrf 0 48423 728272 214105 2026-09-26T18:01:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Patti Webster''' (June 18, 1964 - Septemba 13, 2013) bụ onye mgbasa ozi ntụrụndụ America, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye ozi. Dị ka CEO nke W & W Public Relations, ụlọ ọrụ ọ tọrọ ntọala na 1991, Webster na-anọchite anya ndị na-edekọ ihe nkiri, ndị na-eme egwuregwu, na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, gụnyere Janet Jackson, Alicia Keys, Usher, Halle Berry, Chris Paul na Holly Robinson Peete . <ref name="AP">{{Cite web|author=Associated Press|title=Patti Webster, Publicist to Stars, Dies of Cancer|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/patti-webster-publicist-stars-dies-cancer-20251741|work=September 13, 2013|publisher=ABC News/Associated Press|accessdate=September 14, 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAssociated_Press">Associated Press. [https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/patti-webster-publicist-stars-dies-cancer-20251741 "Patti Webster, Publicist to Stars, Dies of Cancer"]. ''September 13, 2013''. ABC News/Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Billboard">{{Cite web|author=Mitchell|first=Gail|title=Noted Industry Publicist Patti Webster Dies|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/5695262/noted-industry-publicist-patti-webster-dies|work=September 13, 2013|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=September 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917134018/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/5695262/noted-industry-publicist-patti-webster-dies|archive-date=September 17, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ na Somerville, New Jersey, Webster gbara akwụkwọ na injinia na nyocha ọrụ na Virginia Tech . Mgbe usoro ọzụzụ oge okpomọkụ gasịrị, Webster kpebiri na ọ gaghị achụso ọrụ injinia. N'ịga Maryland, ọ nwetara ọrụ na 1985 dị ka onye na-enyere aka ịzụ ahịa na mgbasa ozi na BET, mgbe ahụ, netwọk na-eto eto. Na 1988, Webster kwagara New York. <ref name="Crusade">{{Cite web|author=Tamarra|first=Ray|title=Patti Webster Founder & President|url=http://thecrusade.net/2005/06/aaprc-weekly-patti-webster/|work=June 7, 2005|publisher=The Crusade|accessdate=September 14, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128234810/http://thecrusade.net/2005/06/aaprc-weekly-patti-webster/|archivedate=November 28, 2010}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Mmekọrịta ọhaneze === Na New York, Webster rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ metụtara ntụrụndụ, mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka na Jive Records ebe ọ "hụrụ n'anya na mgbasa ozi." N'ikpeazụ, Rogers &amp;amp; Cowan goro ya ọrụ; N'ime afọ atọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Quincy Jones ' Qwest Records, Stevie Wonder, Julio Iglesias, Gloria Estefan, Diana Ross na [[Celine Dion]] . Na 1991, Webster tọrọ ntọala W&W, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze lekwasịrị anya na-anọchite anya ndị Africa-America, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Armstrong|first=Joy|title=The Sharpest Image|url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/21526029/sharpest-image|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082207/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/21526029/sharpest-image|archivedate=April 7, 2014|work=August 2006|publisher=Essence|accessdate=September 14, 2013}}</ref> bịanyere aka na onye ahịa mbụ ya, Stephanie Mills, obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị. <ref name="Crusade"/> Site na 2013, Webster wuru W & W n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ukwuu, <ref name="BET">{{Cite web|author=Hicks|first=Jonathan P.|title=Publicist Patti Webster Has Died at 49|url=http://www.bet.com/news/national/2013/09/13/publicist-patti-webster-has-died-at-49.html|work=September 13, 2013|publisher=BET|accessdate=September 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116212828/https://www.bet.com/news/national/2013/09/13/publicist-patti-webster-has-died-at-49.html|archive-date=January 16, 2021|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHicks">Hicks, Jonathan P. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210116212828/https://www.bet.com/news/national/2013/09/13/publicist-patti-webster-has-died-at-49.html "Publicist Patti Webster Has Died at 49"]. ''September 13, 2013''. BET<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> na-anọchite anya ndị a ma ama na mpaghara dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere Patti LaBelle, BeBe na CeCe Winans, Ludacris, Kelly Rowland, Dwight Howard, na Steve Harvey . yana otu ndị gụnyere Creflo Dollar Ministries na BMI . <ref name="New Jersey">{{Cite web|title=Entertainment industry mourns loss of veteran publicist Patti Webster|url=http://www.nj.com/messenger-gazette/index.ssf/2013/09/entertainment_industry_mourns_loss_of_veteran_publicist_patti_webster.html|work=September 13, 2013|date=September 13, 2013|publisher=New Jersey Messenger-Gazette|accessdate=September 14, 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.nj.com/messenger-gazette/index.ssf/2013/09/entertainment_industry_mourns_loss_of_veteran_publicist_patti_webster.html "Entertainment industry mourns loss of veteran publicist Patti Webster"]. ''September 13, 2013''. New Jersey Messenger-Gazette. September 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> === Onye ode akwụkwọ, onye ozi na ọrụ obodo === N'agbanyeghị ihe ịga nke ọma ya dị ka onye mgbasa ozi, Webster kwuru na ezigbo ọrụ ya bụ ịgbasa okwu [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs Kraịst]] . <ref name="BET"/> Azụlitere n'ime ezinụlọ nke ndị ụkọchukwu - nna ya, nne ya, nne nne ya, nne nne ya, na nna ochie bụ ndị pastọ - Webster dere akwụkwọ ahụ ''It Happened in Church: Stories of Humor from the Pulpit to The Pews'' na 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Laughing From The 'Pulpit To The Pews'|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98021988|work=December 9, 2008|publisher=NPR|accessdate=September 13, 2013}}</ref> Nchịkọta akụkọ ọchị sitere n'aka ndị enyi, ndị pastọ na ndị a ma ama, Webster kwuru na "Echere m na ọ bụrụ na Chineke kere ọchị, ọ bụghị na a ga-ewepụ ya na chọọchị. echere m na ọchị bụ ebe niile." <ref>{{Cite web|author=King|first=Gayle|title=Humor in the Church|url=http://www.oprah.com/oprahradio/Humor-in-the-Church|work=November 27, 2008|publisher=Oprah|accessdate=September 13, 2013|archivedate=September 26, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926024703/http://www.oprah.com/oprahradio/Humor-in-the-Church}}</ref> Webster ka echiri echichi dịka onye-ozi na 2011 wee jee ozi dịka onye ozi na Shiloh Pentikọstal Church na Somerville, New Jersey, ebe o tolitere. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye otu National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS), na bọọdụ nke Ovarian Cancer Research Fund na Treach (Therapies Reaching & Educating Autistic Children) Foundation, yana na Make-A-Wish Foundation . Ndị otu Mavericks ahịa. <ref name="New Jersey"/> Webster nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Somerville na Septemba 13, 2013. <ref name="AP"/> == Ntụaka == ndị pastọ na ndị a ma ama, Webster kwuru na "Echere m na ọ bụrụ na Chineke kere ọchị, ọ bụghị na a ga-ewepụ ya na chọọchị. echere{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|3904408}} {{Authority control}} 77ao69wt9v52lxsbnaarboxahwetip8 0 48718 728274 174566 2026-09-26T18:09:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Paul Smith''' (amuru ya na Septemba 4, 1953) bu [[Omenkà|onye omenka]] na-akpa ọchị America, mara maka oru ya na ''The Uncanny X-Men'', ''X-Factor'', ''American Flagg!'' , ''Nexus'', ''GrimJack'' na akwụkwọ nke onye okike ya, ''hapụ ya ka ọ nwee ohere'' . N'oge 1983 ya na-agba ọsọ na ''The Uncanny X-Men'', ọrụ Smith na mbipụta 173 nke usoro ahụ ga-egosipụta mmetụta n'ụzọ abụọ: Ọ gosipụtara mpụta mbụ nke punk anya maka onye ndu X-Men Storm, <ref name="CBR3.3.17">Cronin, Brian (March 3, 2017). [http://www.cbr.com/storm-x-men-mohawk-walter-simonson-louise-paul-smith-chris-claremont/ "Comic Legends: How a Shaved Simonson Gave Us Mohawk Storm!"]. [[CBR.com]].</ref> <ref name="CBR10.28.11">Cronin, Brian (October 28, 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160715131658/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2011/10/28/comic-book-legends-revealed-338/ "Comic Book Legends Revealed #338"]. CBR.com.</ref> na Smith's mkpuchi nke okwu ahụ ga-emetụta ma akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe nkiri ikpeazụ na akwụkwọ mmado na-ere ahịa kacha mma na onye na-ere ahịa site n'aka onye na-ese ihe Arthur Adams . <ref name="TwoMorrows">{{Cite journal|author=Cooke|first=Jon B.|title=The Art of Arthur Adams|journal=[[Comic Book Artist]]|issue=17|date=January 2002|url=http://www.twomorrows.com/comicbookartist/articles/17adams.html}}</ref> <ref name="ModernMasters">{{Cite book|author=Khoury|first=George|title=Modern Masters Volume 6: Arthur Adams|publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zF7UtmxJzW4C&q=Modern+Masters+Volume+6%3A+Arthur+Adams|isbn=978-1-893905-54-2}}</ref> <ref name="ComicsInterview">[[Kraft, David Anthony]] (1987). ''Comics Interview'' #46 (1987). [[Fictioneer Books]]. pp.&nbsp;16–27.</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Smith na [[Kansas City, Missouri]], mana ọ biri naanị ebe ahụ ụbọchị atọ. Nna ya bụ onye ụgbọ elu ụgbọ mmiri US, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara ọtụtụ oge n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Dị ka onye na-eto eto na-egwu egwu, Smith masịrị ọrụ Steve Ditko na ''The Amazing Spider-Man'' na Neal Adams na ''Batman'' . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Smith enweghị ọzụzụ nka ọ bụla ewezuga nkuzi ụfọdụ n'ikuku ikuku . Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri na Ralph Bakshi 's The <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">the</span>]]''</sup> ''Rings'' . <ref name="back29">{{Cite journal|author=Ash|first=Roger|title=Mr. Smith Goes to Westchester|journal=[[Back Issue!]]|issue=29|pages=32–34|date=August 2008}}</ref> Na mmalite 1980s, ọ jupụtara na aha dị iche iche nke Marvel Comics, gụnyere ''Marvel Fanfare'' #4, mkpuchi ụbọchị Septemba 1982, na-eme isiakwụkwọ ikpeazụ nke akụkọ X-Men. <ref name="back29" /> Ọ ghọrọ onye na-ese ihe mgbe niile na ''Dọkịta Strange'' malite na mbipụta #56, mkpuchi ụbọchị Disemba 1982, mana hapụrụ naanị okwu abụọ ka o wee nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na ''The Uncanny X-Men'' . <ref name="back29" /><blockquote>Emere m ọtụtụ eserese, ha niile mara mma na nke nwanyị. Dị ka ihe egwuregwu, m tinyere ogbunigwe ya dị ka Maazị T. Ị mara, ụdị ogbugba ebe ha ga-aga n'ụzọ ọzọ. Nzaghachi Weezie [ ''X-Men'' editọ Louise Simonson ]? 'Ha ga-akpọgide anyị n'ụzọ ọ bụla anyị na-aga. Ka anyị mee igbu ọchụ. ' M rụrụ ụka na ọ bụ egwuregwu na echiche jọgburu onwe ya mana, n'ihi ọpụpụ m na-esote 175 ka edobere tupu ịmalite ịgba ọsọ m, votu m agụtaghị. Ya mere, eji m ihe m hapụrụ mee ihe m nwere ike ime... Ya mere, anyị gara Mohawk&nbsp;... Ma ozugbo ị banyere n'ime akpụkpọ anụ na stud dum, ọ bụ ihe ọchị na-adịghị mma nke na-esi n'aka. <ref name="CBR10.28.11"/></blockquote>Mkpuchi Smith maka mbipụta #173 ga-enwe mmetụta. Mgbe ọ na-edezi akwụkwọ 1985 anthology ''Heroes for Hope'', bụ nke e bu n'obi ka ọ rite uru enyemaka ụnwụ nri n'Africa, onye nchịkọta akụkọ Ann Nocenti gwara Arthur Adams onye na-ese ihe ka ọ na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi nke akwụkwọ ahụ mgbe Smith mechara ihe atụ. Nke a n'aka kpaliri Bob Budiansky ka Adams mepụta akwụkwọ mmado Wolverine nwere otu ụdị pose ahụ. Onyonyo a, nke Terry Austin gbara ya, ghọrọ ọ bụghị naanị akwụkwọ mmado na-ere ahịa, mana akara ngosi ndụ ndụ maka ụlọ ahịa ihe nkiri. <ref name="TwoMorrows"/> <ref name="ModernMasters"/> <ref name="ComicsInterview">[[Kraft, David Anthony]] (1987). ''Comics Interview'' #46 (1987). [[Fictioneer Books]]. pp.&nbsp;16–27.</ref> Ibe mmiri nke Smith maka mbipụta #168, nke Kitty Pryde na jaket ski na-atụgharị nke ọma n'ebe onye na-agụ ya nọ mgbe ọ na-eti, "Prọfesọ Xavier bụ onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi!", abụrụla isiokwu nke ọtụtụ nkwanye ùgwù na nṅomi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/x-men-professor-x-jerk-kitty-pryde/|title=Why, Exactly, Did Kitty Pryde Think Professor X Was a Jerk?|first=Brian|author=Cronin|work=CBR.com|date=January 27, 2020|accessdate=March 25, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/xmen-charles-xavier-kitty-pryde-huge-jerk-marvel-comics/|title=X-Men Confirms Charles Xavier Is a Huge Jerk|first=Sean|author=Finley|work=[[Screen Rant]]|date=August 14, 2020|accessdate=March 25, 2024}}</ref> <ref name="back29"/> Ọ dọkwara usoro ''X-Men / Alpha Flight'' oke n'oge ọ na-agba ọsọ, n'agbanyeghị na agaghị ebipụta ya ruo mgbe emechara. Ọnwa ole na ole mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ''The Uncanny X-Men'', Smith laghachiri dị ka onye na-ese ihe mgbe niile na ''Dọkịta Strange'' . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na usoro ahụ site na #65 ruo #73, na-ese okwu asaa n'ime okwu ndị ahụ. Obere ọsọ Smith na ''X-Men'' bụ ihe dị iche site na nsụgharị ya nke ọma na nke kacha nta nke ahịrị, <ref name="back29"/> na e mechara bipụta ọtụtụ n'ime ya na akwụkwọ azụmaahịa ''sitere na Ashes'' . N'ikpeazụ ebigharịrị ọsọ ''X-Men'' ya niile na ''Essential X-Men'' Vol. 4. Ọ debere usoro ''Marvel Fanfare'', na-edepụta obere akụkọ Daredevil na mbipụta #1, na ide, na-ese na leta usoro nke akụkọ Daredevil ahụ na #60, mbipụta ikpeazụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ. Smith nwere obere oge na X-Men spin-off ''X-Factor'' . N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ Smith ga-alaghachi ọtụtụ oge iji rụọ ọrụ na akwụkwọ dị iche iche nke aha aha ''X-Men'' . Ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ na-agụnye ''The Golden Age'' na ndị na-eto eto na-atọ ọchị ''Hapụ ya na ohere'', ma mmekorita ya na onye edemede James Robinson . Smith nyekwara aka nka n'ọtụtụ aha ihe nkiri mbụ gụnyere ''American Flagg!'' , ''Nexus'', na ''GrimJack'' . Na 2005 Smith sere ''Kitty Pryde: Shadow and Flame'' Limited nke Akira Yoshida dere. == Ihe ọchị ime ahọpụtara na-arụ ọrụ == * ''Ihe nlegharị anya dị elu dị ịtụnanya'' 2 ( ihe ọchị ịtụnanya ) * ''Ọkọlọtọ America!'' 47, 48 ( Ihe nkiri mbụ ) * ''Batman kwa afọ'' 9 ( DC Comics ) * ''Ihe nlegharị anya dị egwu'' 34 (Comics Marvel) * ''Buck Rogers'' 1 (TSR) * ''[[Code Name: Danger|Koodu aha: Ihe egwu]]'' 3 * ''Dọkịta Iche'' 54, 56, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71–73 (Ihe ọchị Marvel) * ''The Falcon'' 1 (Ihe ọchị Marvel) * ''Afọ Ọlaedo'' 1–4 (DC Comics) * ''GrimJack'' 24 (Ihe nkiri mbụ) * ''Hero Alliance Kwa afọ'' 1 ( Mbipụta Innovation ) * ''Howard the Duck'' 32 (Marvel Comics) * ''Iron Lantern'' 1 ( Amalgam Comics ) * ''Nwoke igwe'' 159, 245, ''kwa afọ'' 10 (Ihe ọchị Marvel) * ''Hapụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ohere'' 1–13 (Ihe nkiri onyonyo) * ''Magnus Robot Fighter Akwụkwọ Afọ'' 1 ( Vliant Comics ) * ''[[Marvels Comics Fantastic Four|Ihe ọchị Marvels Fantastic Four]]'' 1 (Ihe ọchị Marvel) * ''Marvel Fanfare'' 1, 4, 32, 45, 60 (Ihe ọchị Marvel) * ''Nexus'' 37-38, 43-44, 49, 51–55 * ''Mụọ'' 17–21 (DC Comics) * ''Starman'' 69 (DC Comics) * ''[[Sun Runners|Ndị na-agba ọsọ anwụ]]'' 2–4 ( Ihe ọchị Eclipse ) * ''X-Men na-adịghị ahụkebe'' 165–170, 172–175, 278 (Ihe ọchị Marvel) * ''[[Wild Times; Grifter|Oge ohia; Grifter]]'' 1 ( WildStorm ) * ''X-Ihe kpatara'' 43–46, 48, 49 (Ihe nkiri Marvel) * ''[[X-Men and Alpha Flight|Ụgbọ elu X-Men na Alfa]]'' 1, 2 (Ihe ọchị Marvel) * ''X-Men ruo mgbe ebighi ebi'' 6, 10 (Ihe ọchị ịtụnanya) == Ntụaka == === Ntụtụ aka n'ozuzu === Thompson, Kim (June 1982). "Ụmụ agbọghọ, Mutants, na Mages: Paul Smith na-arịgoro n'elu steepụ na Stardom ... Nzọụkwụ iri n'otu oge!" ''Ndị dike dị ịtụnanya'' #12 === Ntụtụ aka n'ịntanetị === {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929145827/http://marvel.com/catalog/?artist=Paul%20Smith Paul Smith na Marvel.com] * [http://paulmartinsmith.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Paul Smith] {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[Uncanny X-Men]] artist|before=[[Dave Cockrum]]|after=[[John Romita, Jr.]]|years=1982–1983}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cwczlrqzls5fk10i6jc31v5mj1y8oox 0 49094 728315 707281 2026-09-26T20:55:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Raymond Teague Cowern''' RA (12 Julaị 1913 - 1986) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe na Britain bụ onye na-ese ihe nke ọma wee họpụta ya onye otu zuru oke na Royal Academy na 1968. <ref name="GMWaters">{{Cite book|author=Grant M. Waters|publisher=Eastbourne Fine Art|year=1975|title=Dictionary of British Artists Working 1900-1950|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KT-541-128}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Cowern ma gụrụ akwụkwọ na Birmingham . Ọ gara Birmingham Central School of Arts and Crafts n'etiti 1929 na 1931 wee na Royal College of Art ruo 1935. <ref name="BuckmanVol1">{{Cite book|author=David Buckman|publisher=Art Dictionaries Ltd|year=1998|title=Artists in Britain Since 1945 Vol 1, A to L|isbn=0-95326-095-X}}</ref> <ref name="History">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008004|title=Cowern, Raymond Teague (Oral history)|accessdate=25 October 2017|work=Imperial War Museums}}</ref> Site na 1937 ruo 1939 Cowern bụ Ọkammụta Rome na Injinia na ụlọ akwụkwọ Britain dị na Rome. <ref name="History" /> <ref name="GMWaters"/> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe maka njem mmụta ihe ochie, nke Oriental Institute of Chicago na-ahazi na [[Saqqara|Sakkarah]] na Egypt n'oge mbido 1930s. <ref name="RecBrit">{{Cite book|editor=Gill Saunders|publisher=V&A Publishing|year=2011|title=Recording Britain|isbn=978-1-85177-661-0}}</ref> <ref name="UoC">{{Cite web|url=https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/oi_fourth_handbook.pdf|title=Fourth Edition of the Handbook|year=1935|accessdate=22 January 2020|work=The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008084155/https://oi.uchicago.edu//sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/oi_fourth_handbook.pdf|archive-date=8 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Cowern sonyeere British Army na, mgbe ọzụzụ na Norwich na Farnham, jere ozi dị ka onye ọgụgụ isi na mgbe ahụ dị ka Field Security Officer na 52nd Division na Netherlands. <ref name="History"/> N'ime oge ọrụ agha ya niile, Cowern mere ọtụtụ eserese nke ahụmịhe ya n'oge ọzụzụ yana na Netherlands na Belgium. Ndị Kọmiti Ndụmọdụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Agha zụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a ma bụrụ ndị Imperial War Museum dị na Lọndọn na-enwezi ya. Cowern rụkwara ọrụ maka ọrụ ndekọ ndekọ Britain n'oge Agha na 1940. <ref name="RecBrit"/> Maka Ndekọ Britain, ọ na-ese ma depụta onyonyo nke ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị n'ihe egwu mbibi na Suffolk, Worcestershire na Herefordshire. <ref name="RecBrit" /> Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eserese ndị a dị ugbu a na nchịkọta nke Victoria na Albert Museum . Mgbe agha ahụ gachara, Cowern rụrụ ọrụ mgbe niile dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe na ọtụtụ afọ o biri na Brighton . <ref name="GMWaters"/> Na 1947 ọ ghọrọ onye otu Royal Watercolor Society . <ref name="BuckmanVol1"/> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mmekọ nke Royal Academy na 1957 wee bụrụ onye otu zuru oke na Academy na 1968. <ref name="RAcowern">{{Cite web|author=Royal Academy|url=http://www.racollection.org.uk/ixbin/indexplus?_IXACTION_=file&_IXFILE_=templates/full/person.html&_IXTRAIL_=Search%20Results&person=5599&_IXSESSION_=hnxq5p85u8t|title=Raymond Cowern, RA|accessdate=25 October 2017|work=The Royal Academy|archivedate=26 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054521/http://www.racollection.org.uk/ixbin/indexplus?_IXACTION_=file&_IXFILE_=templates/full/person.html&_IXTRAIL_=Search%20Results&person=5599&_IXSESSION_=hnxq5p85u8t}}</ref> Royal Academy kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na 2004. <ref name="BCcowern">{{Cite web|url=http://visualarts.britishcouncil.org/collection/artists/cowern-raymond-teague-1913|title=Raymond Teague Cowern (1913-1986)|accessdate=25 October 2017|work=The British Council|archivedate=26 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054122/http://visualarts.britishcouncil.org/collection/artists/cowern-raymond-teague-1913}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * ''Etching niile nke RT Cowern; Ifuru ikpeazụ nke Omenala Etching nke Britain nke oge a'' nke Elizabeth Harvey-Lee, 1996, Grillford Limited, Milton Keynes. * ''Abụọ Birmingham Painters-Etcher: RT Cowern, HA Freeth'', 1988, katalọgụ ngosi, Birmingham Museum Art Gallery == Njikọ mpụga == * 2 artworks by or after Raymond Teague Cowern at the Art UK site * [https://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/?extrasearch=&q=Raymond+Teague+Cowern&commit=Search&quality=0&objectnamesearch=&placesearch=&after=&before=&namesearch=&materialsearch=&mnsearch=&locationsearch= Works by Cowern in the Victoria & Albert Museum collection] ipxzz5gyi3ucsyzokzpo44dqkansbn9 0 49165 728362 174206 2026-09-27T01:22:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728362 wikitext text/x-wiki Sante Graziani (March 11, 1920 - Maachị 15, 2005) [1] bụ onye omenkà na onye nkuzi nka America.  A mara ya maka izi ya, bụ ndị na-achọ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọha mma. == Agụmakwụkwọ == A tabili Graziani na Cleveland, Ohio, nye nne na nna si Tuscany kwaga.  [1] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Cleveland Institute of Art na emesịa na Mahadum Yale .  Ọ zutere ihe ịga nke ọma n'isi ọrụ ọrụ ya, na-emeri Pulitzer njem njem na Art mgbe ọ dị afọ 22. == Ọrụ == N'oge na-adịghị anya ka aghasịrị n'Agha mmetụta nke ihe, ọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi.  Ọ kpàri na Yale University School of Art site na 1946 ruo 1951. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ya n'oge ahụ ịkpọ Claes Oldenburg .  Site na 1951 ruo 1981, Graziani nọ na Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ nke Worcester Art Museum na Worcester, Massachusetts, ebe ọ kuziri makwa Dean.  Na 1982, ọ kwagara Paier College of Art na Hamden, Connecticut, ebe ọ bụ Dean ruo 1995 na Dean Emeritus n'otu awụ ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.. <ref name="Negri">{{Cite news|author=Negri|first=Gloria|url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/03/23/sante_graziani_85_artist_made_murals_across_the_country?pg=full|title=SanteGraziani, 85; artist made murals across the country|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=March 23, 2005|accessdate=February 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110130/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/03/23/sante_graziani_85_artist_made_murals_across_the_country?pg=full|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Graziani nwetara amara na mbụ maka ihe osise ya.  N'ime ọrụ ya bụ ọtụtụ ihe osise n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha dị na Holyoke, Massachusetts, [1] na-egosi n'etiti ndị ọzọ Elizur Holyoke na Rowland Thomas;  ihe osise emere na 1942 na Columbus Junction, Iowa, post ọfịs akpọrọ Lovers Leap;  akwụkwọ ozi akwụkwọ ozi, Joseph Deford na ndị enyi ya rụrụ ụlọ mbụ na Bluffton (1941) na Bluffton, Ohio; [2] [3] na otu na Museum of Fine Arts [4] na Springfield, Massachusetts. N'ime ọrụ ndị e ịhụ na-esere na ihe ngosi ihe osise sitere na ihe mere eme maka mkpali, ọ na-ahụ ihe osise na ụzọ ndị na-ama ụgbọ nke nkà pop.  A kọwawo ya dị ka "onye nwere ike isi, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe, [onye] na-enwe njirimara njirimara ndị nna ochie ochie, na-e mkpa ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ha ndị a ma ama,  na ụgbọ ha n'ime n'ịkpọ ndị siri ike mara mma" <ref>[[John Gruen]]. "A Mixture of Gesture", ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]''. March 22, 1971. p. 57</ref> N'ime afọ ndị dị na United States bicentennial emee na 1976, o izi ndị na-agụ ntụnyere aka na ihe oyiyi George na Martha Washington a ma ama.  Enyere ya ọrụ ịse ihe osise mara mma na ihe omume mma nke na-egosi ihe ngosi George Washington n'ịkpọ ụlọ dị na Worcester, Massachusetts, n'oge ahụ.  [1] E pụpụta ya ọrụpụta stampụ maka ọrụ nzi ozi US. Graziani gburu n'ahụ nwa ya na Princeton, Massachusetts, ọ dị afọ 85. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Army Doctor|journal=[[American Journal of Roentgenology]]|issue=2|date=August 2011|doi=10.2214/AJR.11.6694|author=Schatzki|first=Stefan C.|volume=197|pmid=21785103}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * "Sante Graziani: Ememe, Nọvemba 19, 1977 - Jenụwarị 8, 1978." Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Fine Arts, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1978 1oah883xa3x26zj65d00rgg3s927r77 0 49458 728259 178722 2026-09-26T16:54:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Raunkiaer.jpg|thumb|Raunkiaer.]] Osisi sara, akwụkwọ , ma ọ bụ osisi sara mbara bụ osisi ọ b͕a dị n'ime otu angiosperms dị iche iche nke nwere akwụkwọ dị ma na-amị amị n'ime osisi.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụdị osisi abụọ n'ozuzu ya, nke ọzọ bụ conifer, osisi nwere agịga dị ka akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka akwụkwọ na ajụjụ ndị a na-ebu na cones osisi.  [1] A na-akpọ osisi ndị nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka osisi siri ike. <ref>[https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/docs/bro/bro50.pdf Broadleaved Trees: Unsung Component of British Columbia's Forests.] University of British Columbia.</ref> Ọtụtụ osisi ndị na-egbu egbu nwere akwụkwọ sara mbara [1] mana ụfọdụ na-adị coniferous, dị ka larch . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220118160139/https://www.fs.usda.gov/rmrs/why-do-larches-turn-yellow Why do larches turn yellow?] U.S. Department of Agriculture</ref> == Ụdị osisi == {| class="wikitable" |+Ụdị osisi abụọ n'ozuzu ya ! Gymnosperms (osisi mkpụrụ anaghị agba ifuru) ! Angiosperms (osisi mkpụrụ osisi) |- | Coniferous (ụmụ nwanyị na-ebu cones ovulate nke na-ahapụ mkpụrụ anaghị emechi mgbe ha tozuru okè) | Na-amị mkpụrụ (na-etinye mkpụrụ n'ime) |- | Ọ na-abụkarị mgbe ọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ (nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-awụsị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'ime afọ niile) | Ọ na-abụkarị ihe na-egbu egbu (na-awụfu akwụkwọ niile n'oge, enweghị akwụkwọ maka akụkụ nke afọ) |- | Amara dị ka [[Softwood|softwoods]] (na-adịghị agba, osisi na-adịkarị mfe ma dị nro) <ref name=":1">Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210424171801/https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr190.pdf Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424171801/https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr190.pdf|date=2021-04-24}}'', General Technical Report series, № FPL‑GTR‑190, Centennial ed. (Madison, Wis.: USDA Forest Service, FPL, 2010‑04), p. 2‑2.</ref> | Amara dị ka [[osisi siri ike]] (ihe owuwu osisi nwere oghere & mgbagwoju anya, osisi na-esikarị ike) <ref name=":1" /> |- | Akwụkwọ ndị dị ka agịga ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ | Akwụkwọ sara mbara |- | Ọmụmaatụ: firs, spruces, pine | Ọmụmaatụ: hickories, maple, oak |} == Osisi == <gallery> Usòrò:Chênes_Apremont_by_Rousseau_Louvre_RF1447_n1.jpg|alt=Chênes Apremont by Théodore Rousseau| ''Ebe Apremont''nkeThéodore Rousseau Usòrò:Maple_leaf_structure.jpg|alt=Maple leaves by autumn| Maplemkpa n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ Usòrò:Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg|alt=Fig tree|Osisifig Usòrò:Apples.jpg|alt=Fruit of broad-leaved trees|fim nke osisi nwere akwụkwọ </gallery> == Hụkwa ==   * Nnukwu ahịhịa na oke ọhịa agwakọtara * Ngwakọta oke ọhịa coniferous * Oke ohia sara mbara na nke dị n'okpuru ala akọrọ == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://cmg.extension.colostate.edu/Gardennotes/173.pdf Ịmata Osisi Broadleaf na Osisi.] Ihe ndetu Ogige CMG. Colorado State University Extension. a1gpo9ri2ggxawjjwhymsxzncfto9p9 0 49707 728442 179133 2026-09-27T09:12:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728442 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:Boreray from Conachair.jpg|thumb|Boreray, St Kilda]] '''Ugwu Isto''' bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na Brooks Range, [[Àláskà|Alaska]], USA. Dị na ọwụwa anyanwụ Brooks Range, n'ebe a maara dị ka ugwu Romanzof, Ugwu Isto dị 5 miles (8.0 km) ndịda nke Ugwu Hubley, ọnụ ọnụ nke abụọ kachasị ogologo na Oke Brooks. Ugwu Isto dị n'ime ebe mgbaba anụ ọhịa nke Arctic na aha ya na 1966 maka Reynold E. (Pete) Isto, onye injinia obodo maka US Geological Survey . N'afọ 2014, teknụzụ nha ọhụrụ gosipụtara na Ugwu Isto bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na Oke Brooks. Na mbụ, e kwenyere na Ugwu Chamberlin bụ nke kacha ogologo, ma ugbu a ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Howard|first=Brian Clark|title=There’s a New Tallest Peak in the North American Arctic|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151216-anwr-highest-peak-mt-isto-fodar-remote-sensing/|accessdate=December 20, 2015|publisher=National Geographic|date=December 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218140509/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151216-anwr-highest-peak-mt-isto-fodar-remote-sensing/|archive-date=December 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rozell|first=Ned|title=Measuring the highest peaks in the Brooks Range|url=http://www.gi.alaska.edu/alaska-science-forum/measuring-highest-peaks-brooks-range|publisher=University of Alaska, Fairbanks Geophysical Institute|accessdate=December 20, 2015|date=December 16, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Fodar">{{Cite journal|author=Nolan|first=M.|date=23 June 2016|title=Which are the highest peaks in the US Arctic? Fodar settles the debate|url=http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/1245/2016/|journal=The Cryosphere|volume=10|issue=3|pages=1245–1257|doi=10.5194/tc-10-1245-2016|accessdate=23 June 2016}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ọnụ ọnụ ugwu nke North America ** Ndepụta ọnụ ọnụ ugwu nke United States *** Ndepụta ọnụ ọnụ ugwu Alaska * Ndepụta nke Ultras nke United States == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == 6n61gkuzcb4jenmjxwv7frcjwb0jf82 0 49728 728191 406670 2026-09-26T12:16:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Gehling_PLZ106AR_Kruk_OTT_2013_D7N9017_009.jpg|thumb|A PZL-106 Kruk crop duster applying a fine mist]] [[Usòrò:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0721-301,_Agrarflieger,_Düngen,_Forstwirtschaft.jpg|thumb|A Mil Mi-8 spreading fertilizer]] [[Usòrò:Schweizer_269C_(VH-FUJ)_takes_off_at_Devonport_Airport.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|A Schweizer S269C nke nwere spraying booms]] [[Usòrò:CROP_DUSTING_NEAR_CALIPATRIA_IN_THE_IMPERIAL_VALLEY._(FROM_THE_SITES_EXHIBITION._FOR_OTHER_IMAGES_IN_THIS_ASSIGNMENT..._-_NARA_-_553873.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Elu na ikuku na-emetụta mgbasa]] Ngwa ikuku, ma ọ bụ ihe a na-akpọkarị uzuzu ihe ọkụkụ, gụnyere ịfesa ihe ọkụkụ site na ụgbọ elu ọrụ ugbo. A na-etinyekwa ịkụnye ụdị mkpụrụ ụfọdụ na ngwa ikuku. A na-akpọkwa ịgbasa fatịlaịza a kapịrị ọnụ dị ka akwa akwa ikuku na mba ụfọdụ. Ọtụtụ mba enweela oke ikuku ngwa ngwa nke ọgwụ pesticide na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ n'ihi ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike ọha dịka ịfefe mmiri; Nke kachasị, European Union machibido ya kpam kpam site na mwepu ole na ole amachibidoro ya na 2009, kwụsịkwa omume ahụ nke ọma na mba ndị otu niile.<ref name="sprayBanEuro">{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0128|title=EUR-Lex - 32009L0128 - EN - EUR-Lex|work=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> Ụgbọ elu ndị ọrụ ugbo bụ ụgbọ elu pụrụiche, nke ejiri ebum n'obi rụọ. Ụgbọ elu ọrụ ugbo nke oge a na-ejikarị injin turbine ruru 1,500 shp (1,100 kW) ma nwee ike ibu ihe ruru galọn US 800 (3,000 L) nke ngwaahịa nchekwa ihe ọkụkụ. A na-eji helikopta eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ, ụfọdụ ụgbọ elu na-arụkwa ọrụ abụọ dị ka ndị na-atụ bọmbụ mmiri n'ebe ndị ọkụ na-agba ọkụ. A na-akpọ ụgbọ elu ndị a dị ka SEAT, ma ọ bụ "ụgbọelu ikuku nke otu engine.. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ịgha mkpụrụ n'elu === Ihe mbụ a maara na ikuku nke ihe ọrụ ugbo bụ site n'aka John Chaytor, onye na 1906 gbasaa mkpụrụ n'elu ala ndagwurugwu na Wairoa, New Zealand, na-eji balloon ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na eriri na-agagharị agagharị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ganesh|first=A. S.|date=2014-08-05|title=A top-down approach|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/in-school/sh-science/a-topdown-approach/article6283314.ece|accessdate=2022-03-11}}</ref> Ịgha mkpụrụ n'elu ka na-aga n'ihu ruo taa site na itinye ihe ọkụkụ na ịkụ osikapa. === Mkpụrụ osisi na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ dị nro === Ojiji mbụ a maara nke igwe dị arọ karịa ikuku iji gbasaa ngwaahịa mere n'August 3, 1921. <ref name="JohnsonMary">{{Cite book|author=Johnson|first=Mary Ann|title=McCook Field 1917–1927|publisher=Landfall Press|location=Dayton, Ohio|year=2002|isbn=0-913428-84-1|pages=190–191}}</ref> E mepụtara ntụ ọka n'okpuru mgbalị jikọrọ aka nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke US na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke U.S. Army Signal Corps na McCook Field na Dayton, Ohio.<ref name="JohnsonMary" /> N'okpuru nduzi nke onye injinia McCook Etienne Dormoy, a [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] Army Air Service Curtiss JN4 Jenny nke John A. Macready na-anya gbanwere na McCook Field iji gbasaa arsenate na-edu iji gbuo caterpillars [[Catalpa|Katalpa]]" id="mwQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ceratomia catalpae">catalpa sphinx na ugbo catalpa dị nso na Troy, Ohio na United States.<ref name="JohnsonMary" /> A na-ewere ule mbụ ahụ dị ka ihe ịga nke ọma.<ref name="JohnsonMary" /> Ọrụ mbu nke mbu nke mbu malitere na 1924 na Macon, Georgia <ref>[http://www.macon.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/ed-grisamore/article151521242.html Macon local news] (subscription required)</ref> site na Huff-Daland Crop Dusting, nke onye na-anya ụgbọelu McCook Field Lt. Harold R. Harris guzobere. <ref name="JohnsonMary"/> Ojiji nke Ọgwụ ahụhụ na fungicide maka ịkpụcha ihe ọkụkụ jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa na America na, ruo n'ókè dị ala, mba ndị ọzọ na 1930s. Aha 'ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ dị n'ebe a malitere, dịka a na-agbasa ezigbo ájá n'ofe ihe ọkụkụ. Taa, ndị na-etinye ihe n'elu na-eji ihe nchebe mmiri na obere doses. === Uwe elu === Aerial topdressing bụ itinye fatịlaịza n'elu ala ugbo site na iji ụgbọelu ugbo. E mepụtara ya na New Zealand n'afọ 1940 ma nabata ya ngwa ngwa n'ebe ndị ọzọ n'afọ 1950. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Taonga|first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|title=Topdressing|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/topdressing|accessdate=2021-07-05|work=teara.govt.nz}}</ref> === Ụgbọelu e ji mee ihe === N'afọ 1951, Leland Snow mepụtara ụgbọelu mbụ e wuru maka iji ya eme ihe n'elu, S-1. N'afọ 1957, Grumman G-164 Ag-Cat bụ ụgbọelu mbụ nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mepụtara maka ụgbọelu ugbo. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụgbọelu ugbo kachasị ewu ewu bụ Air Tractor, Cessna Ag-wagon, Gippsland GA200, Grumman Ag Cat, PZL-106 KRUK, M-18 Dromader, PAC Fletcher, Piper PA-36 Pawnee Brave, Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, na Rockwell Thrush Commander, mana a na-ejikwa helikọpta nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche. === Ntinye ụgbọelu na-enweghị onye na-anya === Kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 1990, a na-ejikwa Ụgbọelu na-enweghị onye na-anya maka ịwụcha ugbo. Ihe omume a malitere na Japan na South Korea, ebe ugwu ugwu na obere ugbo ezinụlọ chọrọ obere ọnụ ala na nke ziri ezi. {{As of|2014}}, a na-agbasawanye ojiji nke UAV crop dusters, dị ka Yamaha R-MAX, na United States maka iji ya na-agbanye n'ubi vaịn.<ref>Evan Ackerman, [https://web.archive.org/web/20151209082838/http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/aerial-robots/yamaha-demos-agricultural-robocopter Yamaha Demos Agricultural RoboCopter, But Humans Can't Unleash It Yet], ''[[IEEE Spectrum]]'', Oct. 16th 2014.</ref> == Nchegbu == National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences na-edekọ nyocha dị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=NIEHS Search:"aerial application"|url=https://seek.niehs.nih.gov/texis/search/?mode=&opts=&pr=internet-all&dropXSL=html&sq=&prox=page&rorder=1000&rprox=1000&rdfreq=0&rwfreq=0&rlead=250&rdepth=31&sufs=1&order=r&query=%22aerial+application%22|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=seek.niehs.nih.gov|language=en}}</ref> N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, enwere nchegbu banyere mmetụta nke itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ n'elu na mmetụta nke kemịkal ka ha na-agbasa na ikuku. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, itinye mancozeb n'elu nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-echegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=van|first=Wendel de Joode Berna|date=2014-12-01|title=Aerial Application of Mancozeb and Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations among Pregnant Women in Costa Rica: The Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA)|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=122|issue=12|pages=1321–1328|doi=10.1289/ehp.1307679|pmid=25198283}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=van Wendel de Joode|first=Berna|date=December 2014|title=Aerial Application of Mancozeb and Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations among Pregnant Women in Costa Rica: The Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA)|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|language=en|volume=122|issue=12|pages=1321–1328|doi=10.1289/ehp.1307679|issn=0091-6765|pmid=25198283}}</ref> === Mmachibido iwu === Kemgbe afọ 1970, ọtụtụ mba malitere igbochi ma ọ bụ machibido itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ, [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fatịlaịza]], na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ n'ihi nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike ọha na eze, ọkachasị site na spray drift. Karịsịa, na 2009, European Union machibidoro ikuku na-agbanye ọgwụ ahụhụ na ụfọdụ ndị a machibidoro iwu nke ukwuu na edemede 9 nke Ntuziaka 2009/128/EC nke European Parliament na nke Council na-eguzobe usoro maka ọrụ Community iji nweta ojiji na-adịgide adịgide nke ọgwụ ahụhụ, nke mere ka ọtụtụ ngwa ikuku kwụsị na steeti niile so na ya na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.<ref name="sprayBanEuro"/> [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States]] na-enye akwụkwọ nduzi ma na-akwado webinars banyere omume kachasị mma maka ngwa ikuku. <ref>{{Cite web|author=US EPA|title=Results 1 through 10 of 273,030 for aerial+application|url=https://search.epa.gov/epasearch/?querytext=aerial+application&areaname=&areacontacts=&areasearchurl=&typeofsearch=epa&result_template=#/|accessdate=2022-04-01|work=search.epa.gov|language=en|archivedate=2024-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717154502/https://search.epa.gov/epasearch/?querytext=aerial+application&areaname=&areacontacts=&areasearchurl=&typeofsearch=epa&result_template=#/}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, United States Forest Service chịkọtara nkọwa ọha na eze iji mee ihe n'ime Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS), nke e mepụtara n'ihi na Ụlọikpe Mpaghara [[Montana]] kpebiri na itinye ihe na-egbochi ọkụ n'oge ọkụ ọhịa mebiri Iwu Ụdị Dị n'Ebe Ọdịdị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dooley|first=Erin|date=2011-09-01|title=The Beat|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=119|issue=9|pages=a384–a385|doi=10.1289/ehp.119-a384b}}</ref> == Hụkwa == == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fmud6klcu9sjgw20qgg655riekuxlok 0 50048 728364 209311 2026-09-27T01:26:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sara Gurpal''' bụ onye omere na ihe nlere anya India nke na-arụkarị ọrụ na fim Punjabi . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-03|title=Meet Bigg Boss Season 14 contestant Sara Gurpal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-photos-videos-6681873/|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss 14 contestant Sara Gurpal: All you need to know about the Punjabi kudi|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-punjabi-kudi/articleshow/78464822.cms|accessdate=2023-03-19}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-punjabi-kudi/articleshow/78464822.cms "Bigg Boss 14 contestant Sara Gurpal: All you need to know about the Punjabi kudi"]. ''The Times of India''. [[ISSN (ihe nchọpụta)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0971-8257|0971-8257]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nijher|first=Jaspreet|title=I can't do TV shows because I need time to do several things: Sara Gurpal|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-cant-do-tv-shows-because-i-need-time-to-do-several-things-sara-gurpal/articleshow/95746731.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=2023-03-19}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka ihe nkiri ya dị ka Manje Bistre, Shava Ni Girdhari Lal na Danger Doctor Jelly. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-04|title=Bigg Boss Season 14 Contestant Sara Gurpal: All you need to know about the Punjabi actress-singer|url=https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-punjabi-actresssinger-10017617|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=English Jagran|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319123426/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-punjabi-actresssinger-10017617|archive-date=2023-03-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Shava Ni Girdhari Lal review: A snooze fest by Gippy Grewal that is adapted from Raj Kapoor's classic Mera Naam Joker|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-review-a-snooze-fest-by-gippy-grewal-that-is-adapted-from-raj-kapoors-classic-mera-naam-joker|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref> O sonyere na ihe ngosi eziokwu <nowiki><i id="mwFg">Bigg Boss 14</i></nowiki> . A họpụtara ya maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na nkwado ọrụ na Filmfare Awards . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sara Gurpal – Best Actor in Supporting Role Female Nominee {{!}} Filmfare Awards|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018/nominations/best-supporting-actor-female/sara-gurpal-manje-bistre|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Sara bụ onye Haryana, India. O meela imepụta ejiji si Chandigarh . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Early Life|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-a-look-at-lesser-known-facts-of-this-punjabi-kudi/photostory/78551417.cms?picid=78551432|accessdate=2023-03-19}}</ref> Gurpal malitere ọrụ ya dị ka ihe nlereanya na 2013 na egwu Jean nke Ranjit Bawa . Egosiputara ya dika onye ndu ihe nlere anya na vidiyo egwu di iche iche mana mmekorita ya kacha elu bu Mu na enyi m nwanyi na Sidhu Moose Wala, Gunday No. 1 na Dilpreet Dhillon, Ehna Chauni na Jassie Gill, Jaguar na Bohemia, Vailpuna nke Gippy Grewal na Dil. na Ninja . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2021-06-08|title=Me and My Girlfriend: Sidhu Moose Wala’s new song is about his love affair with a rifle|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/sidhu-moose-wala-sara-gurpal-me-and-my-girlfriend-song-7349120/|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/sidhu-moose-wala-sara-gurpal-me-and-my-girlfriend-song-7349120/ "Me and My Girlfriend: Sidhu Moose Wala's new song is about his love affair with a rifle"]. ''The Indian Express''. 2021-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Entertainment News Today April 15, 2020: Ehna Chauni Aa Song Out: Jassie Gill Drops New Track Shot on Phone in 6 Hours, Sets All Lovers Longing For Their Partners {{!}} India.com|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/entertainment-news-today-april-15-2020-ehna-chauni-aa-song-out-jassie-gill-drops-new-track-shot-on-phone-in-6-hours-sets-all-lovers-longing-for-their-partners-4000364/|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=www.india.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=Valentine's Special: Watch Popular Punjabi Song Music Video – 'Dil' Sung By Ninja Featuring Sara Gurpal|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/valentines-special-watch-popular-punjabi-song-music-video-dil-sung-by-ninja-featuring-sara-gurpal/videoshow/80764710.cms|accessdate=2023-03-19}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/valentines-special-watch-popular-punjabi-song-music-video-dil-sung-by-ninja-featuring-sara-gurpal/videoshow/80764710.cms "Valentine's Special: Watch Popular Punjabi Song Music Video – 'Dil' Sung By Ninja Featuring Sara Gurpal"]. ''The Times of India''. [[ISSN (ihe nchọpụta)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0971-8257|0971-8257]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Na 2012, ọ meriri aha Miss Chandigarh. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pics From Ex-Bigg Boss 14 Contestant Sara Gurpal's Birthday Celebrations Are Lit|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pics-from-ex-bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpals-birthday-celebrations-are-lit-2327425|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=NDTV.com}}</ref> O mere ihe ngosi izizi ya na ihe nkiri Manje Bistre na 2017. N'otu afọ ahụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ na fim Danger Dọkịta Jelly. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dangar Doctor Jelly- Movie Review|url=http://www.ghaintpunjab.com/Review/Movie/2101/Dangar%20Doctor%20Jelly|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=Ghaint Punjab|archivedate=2023-04-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402150840/https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/Review/Movie/2101/Dangar%20Doctor%20Jelly}}</ref> Na 2019 ọ rụrụ dị ka onye ndu na ihe nkiri Gurmukh - Onye Anya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gurmukh The Eyewitness: Kuljinder Sidhu And Sara Gurpal Starrer Gets A Release Date {{!}} SpotboyE|url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-news/gurmukh-the-eyewitness-kuljinder-sidhu-and-sara-gurpal-starrer-gets-a-release-date/5d790f2adef098574f7b2273|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=www.spotboye.com|language=en}}</ref> Na 2020, Gurpal banyere n'ụlọ <nowiki><i id="mwOA">Bigg Boss Oge 14</i></nowiki> dị ka onye asọmpi. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-13|title=Sara Gurpal gets eliminated from Bigg Boss Season 14|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sara-gurpal-gets-eliminated-from-bigg-boss-14-6722253/|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Shava Ni Girdhari Lal na 2021 yana na Yaar Mera Titliaan Warga na 2022. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Shava Ni Girdhari Lal Movie Review : Gippy Grewal's most ambitious film exemplifies love as it should be- sweet and simple|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-film-review/movie-review/88338693.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=2023-04-02}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2022-08-07|title=Yaar Mera Titliaan Warga: Gippy Grewal, Tanu Grewal's most-awaited film's trailer to release on...|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/yaar-mera-titliaan-warga-gippy-grewal-tanu-grewals-most-awaited-films-trailer-to-release-on|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=PTC Punjabi|language=en}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ nnukwu ọrụ na ihe nkiri Ghoda Dhai Kadam na 2023. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2023-01-26|title=The knight rises: ‘Ghoda Dhai Kadam’ promises suspenseful drama|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/ghoda-dhai-kadam-8405152/|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> === Vidio egwu === * Me and my Girlfriend by Sidhu Moose Wala<ref name=":4"/> * Gunday No. 1 by Dilpreet Dhillon * Gunday Returns by Dilpreet Dhillon * Rangle Dupatte by Dilpreet Dhillon * Ehna Chauni by Jassie Gill<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jassie Gill’s New Song ‘Ehna Chauni Aa’ Is A Romantic Melody {{!}} SpotboyE|url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-news/jassie-gill-s-new-song-ehna-chauni-aa-is-a-romantic-melody/5e96e6434718f56560e87ae0|accessdate=2023-04-18|work=www.spotboye.com|language=en}}</ref> * Viah by Jassie Gill * Jaguar by Bohemia<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-11|title=Sara Gurpal Enacting On 'Mai Badhiya Tu Bhi Badiya' Is All About Wedding Dance|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sara-gurpal-enacting-mai-badhiya-tu-bhi-badiya-wedding-dance|accessdate=2023-04-18|work=PTC Punjabi|language=en}}</ref> * Vailpuna by Gippy Grewal<ref>{{Cite news|title=Turn up your speakers’ volume for Gippy Grewal and Afsana Khan’s ‘Vailpuna’|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/turn-up-your-speakers-volume-for-gippy-grewal-and-afsana-khans-vailpuna/articleshow/79363287.cms|accessdate=2023-04-18}}</ref> * Dil by Ninja<ref name=":5"/> * Jaan by Happy Raikoti * Jhooth by Afsana Khan<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pratik Sehajpal: 'Jhooth' is all for those people nurturing a broken heart|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/pratik-sehajpal-jhooth-is-all-for-those-people-nurturing-a-broken-heart/articleshow/97093496.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=2023-04-18}}</ref> * Surma by Karan Randhawa * Jatt Te Jawani by Dilpreet Dhillon<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=Karan Aujla, Dilpreet Dhillon and Desi Crew are coming together with something new. Know the full story here!|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/karan-aujla-dilpreet-dhillon-and-desi-crew-are-coming-together-with-something-new-know-the-full-story-here|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=PTC Punjabi|language=en}}</ref> * Sanawar by Dilpreet Dhillon * Yaari by Maninder Buttar * Prahune by Prem Dhillon * Munda Bhal Di by Sharry Mann * Jeen by Ranjit Bawa<ref name=":0"/> * Parahune by Prem Dhillon and Amrit Maan * Beautiful by Akhil * Tabaah by Gurnazar ft Khan Saab * Kamla by Rajvir Jawanda * Raat Gayi Baat Gayi by Happy Raikoti ft Afsana Khan * Koi Hor by Dilnoor Ft. Afsana & B Praak * Baazi Dil Di by Himmat Sandhu * Bombshell by Karan Sehmbi * Tere Pind by Resham Singh Anmol * Dreams by Akaal * Tutte Dil by Armaan Bedil ft Raashi Sood * Rabba ve by Armaan Bedil Ft. Dhanshri Dev * Jatt te Jawani by Armaan Bedil * Angelina by Amber Vashisht * Note Muqabla by Goldy Desi Crew * Hoor Mitra di by Jigar * Baarishein by Harsh * Dabangg Jatt by Ranbir Grewal * Jaane Meriye by Gavy Hundal * Pranda by Simranjeet Singh * Vibe by Preetinder * Keh Do by Marshal Sehgal * That's it by Vicky * O Sanam by Akhil Sachdeva * Horna nu by Pearl V Puri * Oh Bhayia – Bhai Dooj by Swasti Mehul * Shayar by Nirmaan === Ihe ngosi === * Ntugharị nwayọ <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2017-12-11|title=SARA GURPAL STUNS WITH HER KILLER LOOKS IN SONG ‘SLOW MOTION’|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sara-gurpal-stuns-with-her-killer-looks-in-song-slow-motion|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=PTC Punjabi|language=en}}</ref> * Lagdi Att * Ki Main Kalli Aa * Jutti * Secret Yaari * Desi Katta * Kudiyan – 1 min Egwu * Nachne Nu Jee Krda * Ride na-egosi Dilpreet Dhillon * Tu Chahida Featuring Arman Bedil * Akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-egosi Harshit Tomar * Waliyan * Hora nu * sexy * Dil Tera * Ọ dị mma == Ntụaka == {{Reflist} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tqwbz2cxgm3uzdkna6q8jevjegj5bkc 0 50096 728414 182974 2026-09-27T06:03:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728414 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:Paris2024 - Triathlon - 10 - Taylor Knibb.jpg|thumb|Taylor Knibb]] '''Taylor Knibb''' (amuru Febụwarị 14, 1998) bụ onye mmeri nke America na 2022 na 2023 Ironman Women's 70.3 World Championship . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Slowtwitch.com|title=Taylor Knibb Dominates IRONMAN 70.3 Worlds|url=https://www.slowtwitch.com/News/Taylor_Knibb_Dominates_IRONMAN_70.3_Worlds_8542.html/http://www.slowtwitch.com/News/Taylor_Knibb_Dominates_IRONMAN_70.3_Worlds_8542.html|accessdate=2022-10-29|work=Slowtwitch.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/147290|title=Taylor Knibb|work=Olympedia|accessdate=July 27, 2021}}</ref> Ọ gbara asọmpi na mmemme ụmụ nwanyị na asọmpi Summer Summer 2020, nke emere na Tokyo na 2021, gwụchara nke iri na isii. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/triathlon/results-women-s-individual-fnl-000100-.htm|title=Triathlon - Results|work=Tokyo 2020|accessdate=July 27, 2021|archivedate=October 6, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006102547/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/triathlon/results-women-s-individual-fnl-000100-.htm}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị otu egwuregwu Olympic ahụ, ọ meriri ihe nrite ọlaọcha na mmemme ịgba ọsọ agwakọta . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/triathlon/results-mixed-relay-fnl-000100-.htm|title=Triathlon - Results|work=Tokyo 2020|accessdate=July 30, 2021|archivedate=July 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730123342/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/triathlon/results-mixed-relay-fnl-000100-.htm}}</ref> Knibb bụ nwanyị nke ọdụdụ tozuru oke maka otu egwuregwu triathlon US. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Taylor Knibb is youngest U.S. Olympic female triathlete ever {{!}} NBC Olympics|url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/taylor-knibb-youngest-us-olympic-female-triathlete-ever|accessdate=July 28, 2021|work=www.nbcolympics.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 25, 2021|title=D.C. native Taylor Knibb makes U.S. Olympic triathlon team|url=https://www.runwashington.com/2021/05/25/d-c-native-taylor-knibb-makes-olympic-triathlon-team/|accessdate=July 28, 2021|work=RunWashington|language=en}}</ref> Knibb tozuru maka egwuregwu abụọ na asọmpi Olimpik Summer 2024, triathlon na oge ịgba ígwè . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2024-05-15|title=U.S. Elite Triathlete Taylor Knibb Wins Time Trial at 2024 USA Cycling Pro Road National Championships, Qualifies for U.S. Olympic Cycling Team|url=https://www.usatriathlon.org/articles/features/us-elite-triathlete-taylor-knibb-wins-time-trial-at-2024-usa-cycling-pro-road-national-championships-qualifies-for-u-s-olympic-cycling-team|accessdate=2024-05-22|work=www.usatriathlon.org|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Knibb malitere isonye na triathlons mgbe ọ dị afọ 11, nke sitere na ikiri nne ya, Leslie Knibb, na-asọ mpi na Ironman triathlon . Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ọ malitere ịsọ mpi na sekit ndị ntorobịa na ndị nta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2024-01-24|title=Taylor Knibb|url=https://www.tri247.com/triathletes/taylor-knibb|accessdate=2024-03-08|work=TRI247|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị enyi Sidwell maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, o sonye na igwu mmiri na obodo gafere, ebe ọ na-aga n'ihu na-asọmpi na triathlon. Na 2014 na 2015 aha ya bụ Washington DC Gatorade Cross Country Runner of the Year na DC State Athletic Association Runner of the Year. N'ịgbaso nzọụkwụ nke ọtụtụ ndị òtù ezinụlọ ya, ọ gara Cornell, bụ ebe ọ na-agba ọsọ NCAA na-agafe obodo ruo afọ anọ, ma na-asọmpi na ndị na-egwu mmiri n'afọ ya. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2020. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2023-11-07|title=Taylor Knibb 877191|url=https://www.usatriathlon.org/profiles/taylor-knibb-877191|accessdate=2024-03-07|work=www.usatriathlon.org|language=en|archivedate=2024-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308001234/https://www.usatriathlon.org/profiles/taylor-knibb-877191}}</ref> Ndị nlereanya ya gụnyere nne ya, Tamara Gorman, na Gwen Jorgensen. <ref name=":1"/> Ọ sonyeere ndị otu mba na 2017, ma bụrụ onye egwuregwu kacha nta na otu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Maconi|first=Caryn|date=March 22, 2021|title=Taylor Knibb is USA Triathlon's youngest Olympic qualifier|url=https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Triathlon/News/Articles-and-Releases/2021/March/22/Tokyo-Goals-LA-Dreams-Taylor-Knibb-is-USA-Triathlons-Youngest-Olympic-Hopeful|work=USA Triathlon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322175129/https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Triathlon/News/Articles-and-Releases/2021/March/22/Tokyo-Goals-LA-Dreams-Taylor-Knibb-is-USA-Triathlons-Youngest-Olympic-Hopeful|archive-date=March 22, 2021|access-date=August 3, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ egwuregwu == N'ime ọrụ nwata ya, ọ meriri US Triathlon Junior National Championship na 2015 na 2016, asọmpi Junior World na 2016 na 2017, na U23 World Championship na 2018. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ ejidere ma Junior na U23 utu aha ụwa. <ref name=":2"/> Na 2017 ITU World Triathlon Series na Edmonton ọ gụchara nke abụọ ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị nke ọdụdụ ruo mgbe ọ bụla podium na usoro ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Triathlon|first=World|title=Taylor Knibb (USA)|url=https://www.triathlon.org/athletes/profile/taylor_knibb|accessdate=2024-03-07|work=World Triathlon|language=en}}</ref> Knibb mere mpụta mbụ Ironman World Championship na 2023, gụchara n'ọkwa nke anọ dị ka onye mmeri America mbụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-15|title=2023 Ironman World Championships Results|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympics/news/2023-ironman-world-championships-results|accessdate=2024-03-07|work=NBC Sports|language=en-US}}</ref> Na emume ule Paris na Ọgọstụ 2023, Knibb debere nke ise, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ asọmpi na Triathlon maka otu USA na 2024 Summer Olympics. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-17|title=Taylor Knibb Qualifies for 2024 U.S. Olympic Triathlon Team at World Triathlon Olympic Games Test Event Paris|url=https://www.usatriathlon.org/news/articles/taylor-knibb-qualifies-for-2024-u-s-olympic-triathlon-team-at-world-triathlon-olympic-games-test-event-paris|accessdate=2024-05-22|work=www.usatriathlon.org|language=en}}</ref> Na Mee 2024, ọ meriri ọnwụnwa Oge na US Cycling National Road Championships, na-eme ka ọ ruo eru maka mmemme ịgba ịnyịnya oge nke Paris 2024 na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye egwuregwu Olympian na-adịghị ahụkebe. <ref name=":3"/> Ọ gbachara nke iri na itoolu n'ime ndị egwuregwu iri atọ na anọ na mmemme ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=News|first=Tom Davidson published in|date=2024-07-27|title='I'm probably the worst bike handler out there': Taylor Knibb crashes four times in Olympics time trial|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/im-probably-the-worst-bike-handler-out-there-taylor-knibb-crashes-four-times-in-olympic-time-trial|accessdate=2024-07-28|work=cyclingweekly.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sgcsyvnrcaqqsotwlzd6yn9l23n6tjq 0 50536 728406 723817 2026-09-27T05:05:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|image=|office=37th [[Prime Minister of Nepal]]|president=[[Ram Baran Yadav]]|termstart=11 February 2014|termend=11 October 2015|predecessor=[[Khil Raj Regmi]] {{small|(Acting)}}|successor=[[Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli]]|children=21 January 2014|party=[[Nepali Congress]]}} '''Sushil Prasad Koirala''' ( Nepali; 12 August 1931 – 9 February 2016) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Nepalese na Prime Minister nke Nepal site na 11 February 2014 ruo 10 October 2015. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Koirala elected new PM|url=http://ekantipur.com/2014/02/10/top-story/koirala-elected-new-pm/385172.html|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|accessdate=10 February 2016|archive-date=2 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302040505/http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/02/10/top-story/koirala-elected-new-pm/385172.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Nepali Congress site na 2010 ruo 2016, na-eje ozi na mbụ n'ọkwá dị iche iche na pati ahụ. <ref name="Resume"/> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Koirala nye Bodh Prasad na Kumudini Koirala na 12 August 1939 na Biratnagar, obodo nke abụọ kasị ukwuu na Nepal. <ref name="Resume">{{Cite web|title=Personal Resume|url=http://www.nepalicongressoffice.org.np/Bio-data/Sushil%20Koirala.htm|publisher=[[Nepali Congress]]|accessdate=10 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321163024/http://www.nepalicongressoffice.org.np/Bio-data/Sushil%20Koirala.htm|archivedate=21 March 2012}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. [[Nepali Congress]]. Archived from on 21 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Onye otu ezinụlọ Koirala a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ bụ nwa nwanne nna (nne ya bụ nwanne nwunye Krishna Prasad Koirala ) nke onye bụbu praịm minista Matrika Prasad Koirala, Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala na Girija Prasad Koirala . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Parashar|first=Utpal|title=Nepali Congress looks at future without a Koirala at its helm|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/nepali-congress-looks-at-future-without-a-koirala-at-its-helm/story-n2uXKRofDi6fHDmN0hKnKN.html|accessdate=10 February 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Koirala banyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1954 sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na-elekọta mmadụ-democracy nke Nepali Congress . Na 1958, o sonyeere nke ọma na ''Bhadra Abagya Aandalon'' (Civil Disobedience Movement) nke Nepali Congress hibere. N'afọ 1959, o tinyere aka na ya n'ebumnobi pati ahụ nke ime ntuli aka onye kwuo uche ya. Ntuli aka ahụ hụrụ Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala ka ọ bụrụ praịm minista mbụ a họpụtara na mba ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Eze Mahendra zubere ma gbuo ọchịchị n'ike na December 1960 wee chụpụ ọchịchị a họpụtara ahọpụta nke BP Koirala duziri. Nke a mere ka a dọrọ ọtụtụ ndị òtù Nepali Congress n'agha gaa India, bụ́ nke gụnyere Sushil Koirala. Ọ nọgidere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na India ruo afọ 16 mgbe ọchịchị eze chịchara 1960. Koirala nọrọkwa afọ atọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị India maka itinye aka na njide ụgbọ elu na 1973 . <ref name="kath"/>Mgbe ọ nọ n'ala ọzọ, Koirala bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Tarun'' na Varanasi, mbipụta ndị otu gọọmentị. Ọ bụbu onye otu Central Working Committee nke otu ahụ kemgbe 1979 wee bụrụ onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke otu ahụ na 1996 na osote onye isi ala na 1998. N'afọ 2001, ọ tụfuru vootu onye isi maka pati omeiwu Nepali Congress n'aka onye bụbu praịm minista Sher Bahadur Deuba . Onye isi ala Girija Prasad Koirala họpụtara Koirala onye osote onye isi otu pati ahụ na 2008. Mgbakọ izugbe nke iri na abụọ nke Nepali Congress, na 22 Septemba 2010, họpụtara ya onye isi otu pati. <ref name="kath">{{Cite news|author=Bhattarai|first=Kamal Dev|title=ADIOS SUSHIL DA (1939-2016)|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-02-10/adios-sushil-da-1939-2016.html|accessdate=10 February 2016|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|date=10 February 2016}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBhattarai2016">Bhattarai, Kamal Dev (10 February 2016). [http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-02-10/adios-sushil-da-1939-2016.html "ADIOS SUSHIL DA (1939-2016)"]. ''[[Akwụkwọ akụkọ Kathmandu|The Kathmandu Post]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Ndị otu Nepali Congress pụtara dị ka pati kacha ukwuu na ntuli aka ọgbakọ nke afọ 2013 n'okpuru ọchịchị Koirala. A họpụtara ya onye isi otu ndị omeiwu Congress na-enweta 105 n'ime 194 votes megidere ntuli aka 89 onye isi ala Deuba, na 10 February 2014, ọgbakọ ndị mejupụtara họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ praịm minista. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Koirala elected as NC PP leader|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=68598|accessdate=26 January 2014|work=[[República (Nepalese newspaper)|My Republica]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ghimire|first=Binod|title=For PMship, Koirala to be PP leader first|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/01/03/top-story/for-pmship-koirala-to-be-pp-leader-first/383325.html|accessdate=7 January 2014|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|date=3 January 2014}}</ref> N'oge ya dị ka praịm minista, a katọrọ gọọmentị ya maka nzaghachi ngwa ngwa ọ na-azaghachi na ala ọma jijiji Nepal nke Eprel 2015 . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Subramanian|first=Samanth|title=Anger rises in Nepal over government's response to earthquake|url=http://www.thenational.ae/world/south-asia/anger-rises-in-nepal-over-governments-response-to-earthquake|accessdate=10 February 2016|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=30 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215224458/http://www.thenational.ae/world/south-asia/anger-rises-in-nepal-over-governments-response-to-earthquake|archive-date=15 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> E mekwara nkwekọrịta akụkọ ihe mere eme n'etiti otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anọ bụ́ isi nke mba ahụ n'afọ ahụ, bụ́ nke meghere ụzọ maka iwepụta iwu ọhụrụ . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jha|first=Prashant|title=Why Sushil Koirala leaves a contested legacy in Nepal|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/why-sushil-koirala-leaves-a-contested-legacy-in-nepal/story-vCtuo5VgrPapSCOcuIq3YM.html|accessdate=10 February 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> N'ihi nnukwu ọrụ ya, a makwaara ya dị ka "Nna nke Iwu" N'ịkwanyere nkwa iguzo dị ka praịm minista ozugbo iwu ọhụrụ malitere, Koirala gbara arụkwaghịm na 10 October 2015. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/nepal-pm-koirala-resigns-pm-seeks-election-151010160207623.html|title=Nepal's Koirala resigns as PM and seeks re-election|accessdate=10 February 2016|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Ọ chọrọ ntuli aka ọzọ mana KP Sharma Oli, onye ndu nke ndị mmekọ otu Congress, CPN (UML) meriri ya. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Communist party leader elected as Nepal's new prime minister|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/11/nepal-communist-party-leader-elected-new-prime-minister-khadga-prasad-oli|accessdate=10 February 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Akụkọ ntuli aka == A họpụtara Koirala na Pratinidhi Sabha site na mpaghara Banke–2 na 1991 na 1999, ebe e meriri ya na 1994 . Ọ tụfuru na ntuli aka ọgbakọ nke 2008 site na Banke–3, gụchara nke atọ n'azụ ndị ntuli aka nke MJFN na UCPN (Maoist). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.election.gov.np/reports/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu=Constituency%20Wise%20Top%203%20Candidate%28English%29&rand=1315196378|title=Ca Election report}}</ref> Ọ gbara aka wee merie site na Banke – 3 na Chitwan–4 na ntuli aka Mgbakọ nke 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ca Election report|url=http://election.gov.np/CA2070/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu=5&rand=1384967216|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152402/http://election.gov.np/CA2070/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu=5&rand=1384967216|archivedate=2015-04-02}}</ref> O mechara hapụ oche Chitwan–4 wee nọchite anya Banke–3 na ọgbakọ ọgbakọ nke abụọ . <ref>{{Cite news|date=5 February 2014|title=Top leaders give up seats from Chitwan, Kailali, Kathmandu|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/02/05/top-story/top-leaders-give-up-seats-from-chitwan-kailali-kathmandu/384951.html|accessdate=5 February 2014}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Party ! Onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi ! votu ! Ọnọdụ |- | CPN (UML) | KP Sharma Oli | 338 | Ahọpụtara |- | Congress | Sushil Koirala | 249 | Echefuola |- | colspan="2" | '''Nsonaazụ''' | colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffcccb" | CPN (UML) '''nwetara''' site na Congress |} == Ndụ onwe onye == Koirala nọgidere na-alụghị di n'oge ndụ ya niile, a makwa na ọ na-ebi ndụ dị mfe. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sushil shifts to GPK's apartment|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2010/04/06/capital/sushil-shifts-to-gpks-apartment/311853.html|accessdate=10 February 2016}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma n'etiti ndị enyi ya na ndị na-akwado ya dị ka ' ''Sushil daa''' . Ọ bụ ezie na a kwenyere na Koirala gụchara akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na Intermediate of Commerce (I. Comm.) site na kọleji dị na India dịka ọgọ ya nwanyị siri kwuo, ọ gbaghaara nkwupụta ndị ahụ ma nọgide na-enweta naanị agụmakwụkwọ nkịtị. === Ọrịa na ọnwụ === Onye na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ, Koirala chọpụtara ọrịa cancer ire na 2006 na ọrịa cancer akpa ume na June 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nepal PM Sushil Koirala has lung cancer|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28038866|accessdate=10 February 2016}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na 10 February 2016 na 12:50 AM nke oyi baa na Kathmandu, mgbe ọ dị afọ 76. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-PM Sushil Koirala passes away|url=http://myrepublica.com/feature-article/story/36678/sushil-koirala-passes-away.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215234857/http://myrepublica.com/feature-article/story/36678/sushil-koirala-passes-away.html|archivedate=15 February 2016|accessdate=10 February 2016}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * {{Cite book|author=Koirala|first=Sushil|title=Nepal's Foreign Policy: From Expediency to Pragmatism|date=2017|publisher=B.P. Koirala Memorial Trust|editor=Dinesh Bhattarai}} == Hụkwa == * Sushil Koirala Memorial Foundation * Ụlọ ọrụ Koirala, 2013 == Ntụaka == Sushil daa' . Ọ bụ ezie na a kwenyere na Koirala gụchara akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ napati ahụ na 2008. Mgbakọ izugbe nke iri na abụọ nke Nepali Congress, na 22 Septembpati ahụ na 2008. [[12th General Convention nke Nepali Congress|Mgbakọ izugbe nke iri na abụọ]] nke Nepali Congress, na 22 Septemb{{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}}{{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Girija Prasad Koirala]]}} {{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Nepali Congress]]|years=22 September 2010 – 9 February 2016}} {{s-aft|after=[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Khil Raj Regmi]]<br />{{small|Acting}}}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Prime Ministers of Nepal|Prime Minister of Nepal]]|years=11 February 2014 – 10 October 2015}} {{s-aft|after=[[KP Sharma Oli]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Mohammed Nasheed]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Host leader of the [[18th SAARC summit|SAARC summit]]|years=26–27 November 2014}} {{s-aft|after=TBA}} {{s-end}} bjpphydegrqtunozm2x0vof3fg03lss 0 50616 728262 450374 2026-09-26T17:02:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728262 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Usòrò:Hundredweight_cwt_weight_restriction_road_sign_Ilkley.jpg|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama n'okporo ụzọ dị otu narị na Ilkley, Yorkshire]] Otu narị arọ (mbiri: cwt), nke a na-akpọbu dị ka centum arọ ma ọ bụ quintal, bụ nke alaeze ukwu Britain na United States nke ịdị arọ ma ọ bụ oke. Uru ya dị iche n'etiti omenala United States na usoro nke alaeze ukwu Britain. A na-ama ụkpụrụ abụọ a dị iche iche na American English dị ka mkpụmkpụ na ogologo narị arọ na na British English dị ka cental na imperial hundredweight. * A na-akọwa obere narị ma ọ bụ '''cental''' nke 100 kg) na Usoro omenala nke United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Special Publication 811 (Guide to the SI)|work=[[NIST]]|date=3 December 2019|url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811|accessdate=15 February 2020}}</ref> * A na-akọwa ogologo ma ọ bụ nke eze ukwu nke nkume 8 ma ọ bụ 112 kg) na Usoro alaeze ukwu Britain.&nbsp; N'okpuru mgbakọ abụọ ahụ, e nwere narị 20 n'otu tọn, na-emepụta "tọn dị mkpirikpi" nke 2,000 pound (907.2 kg) na "ogologo tọn" nke 2,240 pound (1,016 kg). &nbsp;&nbsp; == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Otu narị arọ enweela ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ. Na England n'ihe dị ka afọ 1300, a kọwapụtara narị narị dị iche iche (centum na Medieval Latin). Iwu ịdị arọ na nha 1835 hiwere iwu nke eze ukwu dị ugbu a dị kilogram 112 (50.80 kg). United States na [[Kánada|Canada]] bịara jiri okwu ahụ bụ "narị arọ" na-ezo aka na nkeji 100 pound (45.36 kg). A machibidoro usoro a kpọmkwem site na iji British-n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịbụ onye ikpe maka wayo-site na Arọ na Measures Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 74), ma na 1879 nha bụ nke iwu kwadoro n'okpuru aha "cental" na nzaghachi. maka nrụgide ndị omebe iwu sitere n'aka ndị ahịa Britain na-ebubata ọka wit na ụtaba site na United States na United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Chapter VII|title=Men and measures: a history of weights and measures, ancient and modern|first=Edward|author=Nicholson|date=1912|url=https://archive.org/details/menandmeasures00nichiala/}}</ref> == Ojiji == [[Usòrò:Road_signs_on_Alderney.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama okporo ụzọ dị otu narị (cwt) na Alderney, Bailiwick nke Guernsey]] A na-ejikarị otu narị dị mkpirikpi eme ihe dị ka ihe atụ na United States na ire anụ ụlọ na ụfọdụ [[Mkpụrụ ọka mà obu ọkà ọkà|ọka]] ọka na mkpụrụ mmanụ, akwụkwọ, na ihe mgbakwunye simenti na ụfọdụ ngwaahịa na Mgbanwe n'ọdịnihu.<ref>{{Cite web|first=William J.|author=Murphy|title=Tables for Weights and Measurement: Crops". University of Missouri Extension.|url=http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/crops/g04020.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525150336/http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/crops/g04020.htm|archivedate=25 May 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cmegroup.com/trading/agricultural/grain-and-oilseed/rough-rice_contract_specifications.html|title=Rough Rice Futures - Contract specifications|work=Agricultural products|publisher=[[CME Group]]|accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref> Afọ iri ole na ole gara aga, ngwaahịa [oge?] a na-atụle n'ihe gbasara ogologo narị afọ gụnyere ehi, nri ehi, fatịlaịza, coal, ụfọdụ kemịkalụ ụlọ ọrụ, ihe ndị ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.  Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na a na-eji usoro metric eme ihe n'ọtụtụ mba ndị na-asụ Bekee, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a. Ndị na-akpọ mgbịrịgba chọọchị na-ejikarị unit ahụ eme ihe, ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-emepụta mgbịrịgba ụlọ ụka na-aga n'ihu na usoro metric .<ref name="church bells">{{Cite web|url=https://dove.cccbr.org.uk/help/conventions|title=Dove Help: Conventions used|work=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers|accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref>  A na-ejikarị nọmba ọnụọgụ atọ na-egosi ngụkọta ịdị arọ ha na narị, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ (28 kg), nke e belatara qr), na pound. Ya mere, mgbaaka a na-akpọ "1.8" ga-adị arọ 148 kg) (112 kg) + 28 kg) + 8 kg)). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anvilfire.com/article.php?bodyName=/FAQs/anvil-6.htm|title=Anvils-6: Marked Weight of Anvils|work=Getting Started in Blacksmithing|accessdate=15 December 2014|archivedate=24 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524051237/http://www.anvilfire.com/article.php?bodyName=/FAQs/anvil-6.htm}}</ref>A na-eji otu atụmatụ nke akụkụ atọ eme ihe maka mgbịrịgba chọọchị (nke a na-akpọ cwt-qr-lb). <ref name="church bells"/> A na-eji ogologo narị dị ka ihe atụ nke ịdị arọ ụgbọ ala na Bailiwick nke Guernsey. A na-ejikwa ya mee ihe n'oge gara aga iji gosipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ụgbọala na gwongworo, dị ka ụgbọala Ford Thames 5 na 7 cwt na ụgbọala 8, 15, 30 na 60 cwt Canadian Military Pattern . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/W8sAAOSwu1VW69-G/s-l1600.jpg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114093359/http://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/W8sAAOSwu1VW69-G/s-l1600.jpg|accessdate=2 June 2021|archivedate=2016-11-14|title=New Thames - 5 & 7 cwt Vans}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mapleleafup.net/vehicles/softskin/15cwt.html|title=CMP 15 cwt Page|work=www.mapleleafup.net}}</ref> == Europe == Na Europe na mpụga British Isles, a kọwaghị centum ma ọ bụ quintal n'ihe gbasara nkeji ndị Britain. Kama nke ahụ, ọ dabeere na kilogram ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị n'oge gara aga. A na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ '''q'''. Ọ bụ 50 kg (110 na Germany, 48.95 kg (108 Na [[France]], 56 kg (123 n'Austria, wdg. E wepụrụ ma ọ bụ mee ya ka ọ bụrụ metricized mgbe ewepụtara usoro metric na 1790s, na-ejigide ya mgbe ụfọdụ n'iji ya eme ihe ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 20.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Centa|url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=11206|work=[[Croatian Encyclopedia]]|accessdate=8 February 2021|language=hr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923065607/https://enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=11206|archive-date=23 September 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Usoro Avoirdupois * Otu narị dị mkpirikpi na ogologo nke 100 na 120, n'otu n'otu * Otu narị, ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ nke oge ochie * Nkọwa okwu nke okwu ndị Britain #cwt == Ebem si dee == 1ybpohhjakq2rjdy7uhgzaxx6264tww 0 50666 728261 723186 2026-09-26T17:01:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Tractors_in_Potato_Field.jpg|thumb|Ubi poteto nwere otu ọdịbendị]] N'ọrụ ugbo, monoculture bụ omume nke ịkụ otu ụdị ihe ọkụkụ n'ubi n'otu oge.[1] A na-eji Monoculture eme ihe n'ọrụ ugbo siri ike yana n'ịkọ ugbo: ma ubi ọka 1,000 hectare na ubi 10-ha nke kalenda organic bụ monocultures. Otu ụdị ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ka ndị ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ, ijikwa, na iwe ihe ubi, karịsịa site n'ịkwado iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ndị a, ma monocultures nwekwara ike ịbawanye ohere nke ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọrịa nje. Omume a na-ahụkarị na mba ndị mepere emepe n'ụwa niile. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye ụdị dị iche iche ma n'oge, dịka na ntụgharị mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ usoro, ma ọ bụ na oghere, na polyculture ma ọ bụ intercropping (lee okpokoro n'okpuru). Otu onye na-aga n'ihu, ma ọ bụ monocropping, bụ́ ebe ndị ọrụ ugbo na-azụlite otu ụdị ahụ kwa afọ, nwere ike ibute mmụba ngwa ngwa na mgbasa nke ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa n'ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike ịmalite. A na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "oligoculture" akọwa mgbanwe nke ihe ọkụkụ ole na ole, dịka a na-eme n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ụwa.<ref> Compare: {{Cite book|author=Denison|first=R. Ford|year=2012|title=Darwinian Agriculture: How Understanding Evolution Can Improve Agriculture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXCYDwAAQBAJ|location=Princeton|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=9780691173764|quote=Regionally and globally, we practice ''oligoculture'', relying mainly on only a few crops, particularly corn (maize), wheat, and rice.}} </ref> Echiche nke monoculture nwekwara ike ịgbasa (dịka ọmụmaatụ) mkparịta ụka dịgasị iche iche n'ime obodo ukwu.<ref> For example: {{Cite book|author=Gomez|first=Rafael|title=Small Business and the City: The Transformative Potential of Small Scale Entrepreneurship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFX2BgAAQBAJ|series=[[Rotman-UTP Publishing]]|location=[[Toronto]]|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|date=2015|pages=15–16|isbn=9781442696518|quote=[...] the idiosyncratic nature of what an urban main street can offer local residents stands in sharp contrast to the predictable monoculture of contemporary retail development.}} </ref> == Ọrụ ugbo == N'ihe gbasara ọrụ ugbo, okwu ahụ na-akọwa omume nke ịkụ otu ụdị n'ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Connor|first=David J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2eh7vyvuscC&q=crop+ecology+loomis+connor|title=Crop Ecology: Productivity and Management in Agricultural Systems|date=2011-04-28|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-139-50032-6|language=en}}</ref> Ihe atụ nke monoculture gụnyere ahịhịa, ubi ọka wit ma ọ bụ ọka, ma ọ bụ ubi apụl. {| class="wikitable" |+Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche na ohere na oge; monocultures na polycultures, na ntụgharị nke abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ecological Theories, Meta-Analysis, and the Benefits of Monocultures|url=http://csanr.wsu.edu/theories-meta-analysis-monocultures/|accessdate=2015-09-18}}</ref> ! colspan="3" rowspan="3" | ! colspan="3" |Ụdị dị iche iche n'oge |- ! rowspan="2" |Ala Dị Ala ! colspan="2" |Ka Ọ dị elu |- |Okirikiri |Ọganihu (na-abụghị nke na-agba gburugburu) |- | rowspan="2" |'''Ụdị dị iche iche na mbara igwe''' |'''Ala Dị Ala''' |Monoculture, otu ụdị n'ọhịa |Ịga n'ihu Otu ihe ọkụkụ, Ịkọ otu ihe ubi |Mgbanwe nke ihe ọkụkụ (mgbanwe nke monocultures) |Usoro nke monocultures |- |'''Ka Ọ dị elu''' |Polyculture, ụdị abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa agwakọta n'ọhịa (agwakọta) |Ịga n'ihu Ọdịbendị dị iche iche |Mgbanwe nke polycultures |Usoro nke polycultures |} Rịba ama na ọdịiche dị n'etiti monoculture na polyculture abụghị otu n'etiti monocropping na intercropping. Abụọ ndị mbụ na-akọwa ụdịdị dị iche iche dị na mbara igwe, dị ka ntinye aka. Monocropping na ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụ na-akọwa ụdị dị iche iche ka oge na-aga. === Uru === N'ihe ọkụkụ monocultures, osisi ọ bụla dị n'ọhịa nwere otu ihe ọkụkụ, mmezi, na owuwe ihe ubi chọrọ nke na-akpata nnukwu ihe ọkụkụ na ọnụahịa dị ala. Mgbe a na-ejikọta ihe ọkụkụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ya nke ọma, monoculture nwere ike ịmepụta mkpụrụ dị elu karịa polyculture. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cardinale|first=Bradley J.|date=2011-03-01|title=The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems|journal=[[American Journal of Botany]]|volume=98|issue=3|pages=572–592|doi=10.3732/ajb.1000364|issn=0002-9122|pmid=21613148}}</ref> Omume nke oge a dị ka ịkụ monoculture na ojiji nke [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fatịlaịza]] emeela ka ala ọzọ dị mkpa iji mepụta nri, nke a na-akpọ nchekwa ala.<ref name="MillerSpoolman2008">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gC9Dy1YWfkC&pg=PA279|title=Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions|author=G. Tyler Miller|date=24 September 2008|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-0-495-55671-8}}</ref> === Ihe ize ndụ === Monocultures nke osisi ndị na-adịgide adịgide, dị ka [[Nmanu nri|mmanụ nkwụ]] Africa, tii na osisi pine, nwere ike ibute nsogbu ala na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka acidisation nke ala, mmebi, na Ọrịa ndị ala na-ebute, nke na-emesị nwee mmetụta na-adịghị mma na mmepụta ihe na nkwado.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Leech|first=Garry|year=2009|title=The Oil Palm Industry: A Blight on Afro-Colombia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nacla-report-on-the-americas_july-august-2009_42_4/page/30|journal=[[NACLA Report on the Americas]]|volume=42|issue=4|pages=30–34|doi=10.1080/10714839.2009.11725459}}</ref>_9-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Monoculture#cite_note-link.springer.com-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Correa-García|first=Esteban|date=Summer 2018|title=Territorial transformations produced by the sugarcane agroindustry in the ethnic communities of López Adentro and El Tiple, Colombia|journal=[[Land Use Policy]]|volume=76|pages=847–860|doi=10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Arafat|first=Yasir|date=2020|title=Soil Sickness in Aged Tea Plantation Is Associated With a Shift in Microbial Communities as a Result of Plant Polyphenol Accumulation in the Tea Gardens|journal=[[Frontiers in Plant Science]]|language=English|volume=11|doi=10.3389/fpls.2020.00601|issn=1664-462X|pmid=32547573}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Arafat|first=Yasir|date=August 2019|title=Long-Term Monoculture Negatively Regulates Fungal Community Composition and Abundance of Tea Orchards|journal=[[Agronomy (journal)|Agronomy]]|language=en|volume=9|issue=8|pages=466|doi=10.3390/agronomy9080466}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cordero|first=Adolfo|title=Large scale eucalypt plantations associated to increased fire risk|journal=PeerJ Preprints|doi=10.7287/peerj.preprints.3348v1}}</ref> Mgbanwe dị iche iche nke monocultures nwere ike ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa na ntiwapụ nke nje.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bullock|first=D. G.|date=January 1992|title=Crop rotation|url=https://archive.org/details/critical-reviews-in-plant-sciences_1992_11_4/page/309|journal=[[Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences]]|language=en|volume=11|issue=4|pages=309–326|doi=10.1080/07352689209382349|issn=0735-2689}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ka ntụgharị ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ (ihe ọkụkụ ole na ole gụnyere) otú ahụ ka ihe ize ndụ dị elu. E nwere ihe atụ nke obere, afọ abụọ na-ahọrọ maka ụmụ ahụhụ ndị na-eme mgbanwe dị otú ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Levine|first=Eli|date=2002|title=Adaptation of the Western Corn Rootworm to Crop Rotation: Evolution of a New Strain in Response to a Management Practice|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-entomologist_summer-2002_48_2/page/94|journal=[[American Entomologist (Oxford University Press journal)|American Entomologist]]|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|pages=94–107|doi=10.1093/ae/48.2.94|issn=2155-9902}}</ref>N'ikpeazụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke monocultures na-agbadata n'ihe abụọ; mfu nke ụdị dị iche iche na ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụhụ.<ref name="duffy">{{Cite journal|author=Duffy|first=J. E.|year=2009|title=Why biodiversity is important to the functioning of real-world ecosystems|journal=[[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]]|volume=7|issue=8|pages=437–444|doi=10.1890/070195|url=https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1747|archive-date=2024-02-04|access-date=2024-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204122810/https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1747/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Usoro okike na ebe obibi dị mma bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ narị osisi, ụmụ ahụhụ, na ụdị anụmanụ. Mgbe a na-eji nnukwu ala eme ihe maka naanị otu ụdị, a na-emetụta nguzozi ahụ dum. Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa nke ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche na-enyekarị ugbu a ka a ghara ịrụ ọrụ. Ọnọdụ dị ala nke ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche n'ala ọrụ ugbo pụtakwara na a hapụrụ ụfọdụ ụmụ ahụhụ na-enweghị anụ ndị na-eri ibe ha, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-eto n'enweghị nchịkwa.<ref name="duffy" /> Iji chịkwaa ụmụ ahụhụ na ihe ọkụkụ ha, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji ọgwụ ahụhụ dị arọ. Ndị a nwere ike belata ọkwa nke ụdị dị iche iche ma bụrụkwa ihe ize ndụ nye mmiri n'ihi mmiri na-agbapụta.<ref name="duffy" /> == Ọhịa == In forestry, monoculture refers to the planting of one species of tree. Monoculture plantings provide greater yields{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} and more efficient harvesting than natural stands of trees. Single-species stands of trees are often the natural way trees grow, but the stands show a diversity in tree sizes, with dead trees mixed with mature and young trees. In forestry, monoculture stands that are planted and harvested as a unit provide limited resources for wildlife that depend on dead trees and openings since all the trees are the same size; they are most often harvested by clearcutting, which drastically alters the habitat. The mechanical harvesting of trees can compact soils, which can adversely affect understory growth. single-species planting also causes trees to be more vulnerable when they are infected with a pathogen, attacked by insects,<ref name="Richardson2000">{{Cite book|title=Ecology and biogeography of ''Pinus''|url=https://archive.org/details/ecologybiogeogra0000davi|year=2000|isbn=978-0-521-78910-3|editor=Richardson|location=[[Cambridge]], U.K.}}</ref> or affected by adverse environmental conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/forestry.html|title=Forestry|work=[[USEPA]]|access-date=2024-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707014320/http://epa.gov/oecaagct/forestry.html|archive-date=2015-07-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebe obibi monoculture == N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ubi ndị England na ụlọ ndị dị n'ụlọ nwere mmetụta n'akụkọ ifo, mana mmalite ya n'ime ala America bụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.<ref name=":0" /> Ọmarịcha ihe mere ka ebe obibi ahịhịa ndụ ghọọ ihe mgbakwunye na-ewu ewu n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ndị America. Turfgrass bụ ụdị na-abụghị nke ala ma chọọ ọkwa dị elu nke nlekọta. Otú ọ dị, mkpali maka iji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe sitere na nrụgide ọha na eze. Na mpaghara, gọọmentị na òtù amalitela iwere omume monocultural n'aka ha (chọọ echiche Homeowner Associations). Nsogbu dị iche iche metụtara mmezi nke ihe onwunwe onwe onye emeela, dị ka idebe ịma mma na uru ala. Esemokwu na nlekọta ebe obibi nke ahịhịa, ahịhịhịa na-eto eto, wdg, emeela ka ikpe obodo ma ọ bụ ọbụna mwakpo kpọmkwem megide ndị agbata obi.<ref name=":0" /> Dị ka ọrụ ugbo, ọkwa dị elu nke nlekọta achọrọ maka turfgrass mepụtara ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu maka njikwa kemịkal, ya bụ ọgwụ ahụhụ, ọgwụ ahịhịa, ọgwụ ahụhụ. Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 1999 gosiri na n'ime mmiri ndị dị n'obodo ukwu, a chọtara ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ụdị ọgwụ ahụhụ na 99% nke iyi ndị ahụ. Otu nnukwu ihe ize ndụ metụtara ọgwụ ahụhụ na ahịhịa ahịhịhịa gụnyere ikpughe kemịkal n'ime ụlọ site na ikuku, uwe, na oche nke nwere ike imerụ ụmụaka karịa ndị okenye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Robbins|first=Paul|date=November 2003|title=The Lawn-Chemical Economy and Its Discontents|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2003.00366.x|journal=[[Antipode (journal)|Antipode]]|volume=35|issue=5|pages=955–979|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8330.2003.00366.x|issn=0066-4812}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRobbinsSharp2003">Robbins, Paul; Sharp, Julie (November 2003). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2003.00366.x "The Lawn-Chemical Economy and Its Discontents"]. ''[[Antipode (akwụkwọ akụkọ)|Antipode]]''. '''35''' (5): 955–979. [[Bibcode (ihe njirimara)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Antip..35..955R 2003Antip..35..955R]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2003.00366.x|10.1111/j.1467-8330.2003.00366.x]]. [[ISSN (ihe njirimara)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0066-4812|0066-4812]]. [[S2CID (ihe njirimara)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154002130 154002130].</cite></ref> == Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa == Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ezo aka na mmepụta nke otu ụdị ihe ọkụkụ n'ọhịa (oghere), monoculture nwekwara ike izo aka na ịkụ otu ụdị n'ofe mpaghara buru ibu, nke mere na enwere ọtụtụ osisi n'ógbè ahụ nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ibe ha. Mgbe osisi niile dị n'ógbè yiri mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ọrịa ha na-enweghị ike iguzogide ya nwere ike ibibi ihe ọkụkụ niile. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2009 ụkwara ọka wit kpatara nchegbu dị ukwuu na mba ụwa, ebe ọ na-emetụta ihe ọkụkụ ọka wit nke ukwuu na Uganda na Kenya, ma malite ịgbasa na Eshia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/Mar/19/rust-fungus-global-wheat-crops|title='Stem rust' fungus threatens global wheat harvest|author=Vidal|first=John|date=2009-03-19|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2010-05-13}}</ref> N'iburu n'uche ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa yiri nke ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ọkụkụ ọka wit nke ụwa na-esote Green Revolution, mmetụta nke ọrịa ndị dị otú ahụ na-eyi mmepụta ugbo n'ụwa niile egwu. === Ihe atụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke monocultures nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa === ==== Nnukwu Ụnwụ nke Ireland ==== Na Ireland, iji otu ụdị poteto, "lumper", mere ka nnukwu ụnwụ nri nke 1845-1849. Lumpers nyere nri dị ọnụ ala iji nye ndị Irish nri. A na-agbasa poteto n'ụzọ ahịhịa na obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ọdịiche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Mgbe ndị na-arịa ọrịa Phytophthora rutere Ireland site na Amerịka na 1845, lumper enweghị ike iguzogide ọrịa ahụ, na-eduga na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọdịda zuru oke nke ihe ọkụkụ poteto gafee Ireland. ==== Osisi pine ==== Ruo n'afọ 1950, mkpụrụ osisi unere Gros Michel na-anọchite anya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ unere niile a na-eri na United States n'ihi ụtọ ha, obere mkpụrụ, na arụmọrụ iji mepụta. Obere mkpụrụ ha, ọ bụ ezie na ha na-adọrọ mmasị karịa ndị buru ibu na ụdị ndị ọzọ dị n'Eshia, adịghị mma maka ịkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.promusa.org/Gros+Michel|title=Gros Michel|work=The banana knowledge platform of the [[ProMusa]] network|accessdate=2019-06-08}}</ref> Nke a pụtara na a ga-akụ osisi unere ọhụrụ niile site na ihe na-amị mkpụrụ nke osisi ọzọ. N'ihi ụdị ịkụ osisi a na-enweghị mmekọahụ, unere niile a zụlitere nwere otu ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-enye ha enweghị àgwà maka iguzogide Fusarium wilt, ọrịa fungal nke gbasara ngwa ngwa na Caribbean ebe a na-akụ ha. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1960, ndị na-akụ ya ga-agbanwe ka ha na-akụ unere Cavendish, nke a na-akụ n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ. Ụdị a nọ n'okpuru nrụgide ọrịa yiri nke ahụ ebe ọ bụ na unere niile bụ clones nke ibe ha ma nwee ike ịdaba n'ụzọ dị mfe dị ka Gros Michel mere.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schwarzacher|first=Trude|date=2007-10-01|title=Domestication, Genomics and the Future for Banana|url=|journal=[[Annals of Botany]]|volume=100|issue=5|pages=1073–1084|doi=10.1093/aob/mcm191|pmid=17766312|issn=0305-7364}}</ref> ==== Ehi ==== [[Usòrò:SOBREVVO_EM_RONDONIA_DIA_07-08-2020_(FOTO_BRUNO_KELLY)_(62)_(50224604772).jpg|thumb|Nlegharị anya n'elu nke ebe a kwụsịrị osisi maka monoculture ma ọ bụ Ịkpa ehi, nso Porto Velho na Rondonia, Brazil, na 2020]] A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ eme ihe ebe a na-azụ otu ụdị anụ ụlọ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ inye anụmanụ nri (CAFOs). Many of today's{{When|date=July 2021}} [[Anụ ụlọ|livestock production systems]] rely on just a small number of highly specialized breeds. Focusing heavily on a single trait (output) may come at the expense of other desirable traits{{Snd}}such as fertility, resistance to disease, [[wiktionary:|vigor]], and [[Nne|mothering]] instincts. In the early 1990s, a few Holstein calves were observed to grow poorly and died in the first 6 months of life. They were all found to be homozygous for a mutation in the gene that caused bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency. This mutation was found at a high frequency in Holstein populations worldwide. (15% among bulls in the US, 10% in Germany, and 16% in Japan.) Researchers studying the pedigrees of affected and carrier animals tracked the source of the mutation to a single bull that was widely used in livestock production. In 1990 there were approximately 4 million Holstein cattle in the US, making the affected population around 600,000 animals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://albc-usa.etapwss.com/index.php/resources/internal/rare-breed-facts|title=The Value of Genome Mapping for the Genetic Conservation of Cattle|author=Williams|first=J.L.|date=2015-10-22|publisher=The [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations|accessdate=2015-10-22|archive-date=2016-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175025/http://albc-usa.etapwss.com/index.php/resources/internal/rare-breed-facts|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Uru nke ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa === Ọ bụ ezie na inwe obere ihe dị iche iche na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke usoro ọrụ ugbo nwere ike inwe ihe ndọghachi azụ, ịba ụba mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche iche site n'iwebata ihe ndị dị ndụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche iche nwere ike ịtụgharị ha ma mee ka usoro ahụ dịkwuogide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'inwe ihe ọkụkụ nwere àgwà dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka ọrịa na mgbochi ụmụ ahụhụ, enwere ohere dị ntakịrị nke inwe ụmụ ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa ndị ahụ gbasaa na mpaghara ahụ dum. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na otu ihe ọkụkụ na-ebute ụdị ọrịa ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ụdị ahụhụ, enwere ohere na osisi ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu ga-enwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-echebe ha pụọ ​​​​na ụdị ahụ ma ọ bụ ụdị ahụ.[26]. Nke a nwere ike inye aka ịbawanye mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ ebe n'otu oge na-ebelata ojiji nke pesticide na ihe ize ndụ nke ikpughe. == Otu ọrụ == Monofunctionality bụ echiche yiri ya; Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-ekwe omume kpamkpam na otu akụkụ ala monofunctional nwere ọrụ ya nke sitere na ụdị dị iche iche na-emepụta ya, ya mere, ọ naghị ata ahụhụ site na otu ọdịda ahụ. Mgbe mbụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bịara na ọrụ ugbo na silviculture, a kwadoro monofunctionality dị ka ihe kachasị mma n'ihi uru mbụ dị ịrịba ama na arụmọrụ akụ na ụba. Otú ọ dị, n'ime afọ kemgbe echiche agbanweela. N'ime ọtụtụ afọ ebe ọ bịara doo anya na monofunctionality na-ata ahụhụ site na ụfọdụ n'ime otu ọdịda ahụ dị ka monoculture, na-ahapụ kpọmkwem mmekọrịta na ịghara imezu ihe niile dị mkpa nke mmadụ.<ref name="Mander-et-al-2007">{{Cite book|year=2007|publisher=[[Springer Berlin Heidelberg|Springer]]|editor=Mander|title=Multifunctional Land Use|url=https://archive.org/details/multifunctionall0000mand|isbn=978-3-540-36763-5|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-36763-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/multifunctionall0000mand/page/93 93]–104/xii+422}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ebem [[Biodiversity|Ụdị dị iche iche]] * [[Ihe ọkụkụ ego]] * Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche * Mgbanwe nke ihe ọkụkụ * Ọdịda Anyanwụ * Ihe dị ndụ a gbanwere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa * Nnukwu Ọrịa Mmanya nke France * Osisi unere buru ibu nke Michel * Ihe nketa * [[Ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ]] * Ịkpa ihe ọkụkụ n'ike * Kil'ayim (mmachibido iwu) * Ihe ọkụkụ a na-eleghara anya na nke a na-ejighị eme ihe * Permaculture * Ịzụlite Mkpụrụ Obi Dị Iche * Ebe a na-echekwa mkpụrụ * Ụmụnne nwanyị Atọ == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j7wedeahxk4neemug9blceg022aq1p8 0 50687 728187 725992 2026-09-26T12:01:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Manure_01.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Ebe a na-echekwa simenti nke nwere nsị ehi a gwakọtara ya na mmiri. Nke a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime ime obodo Hainan Province, [[China]]. Rịba ama bọket dị n'elu osisi nke onye ọrụ ugbo na-eji etinye ngwakọta ahụ.]] [[Usòrò:Spreading_lime_on_a_Devon_field.jpg|thumb|Ala a na-egbuke egbuke]] [[Usòrò:Bone_meal_and_meat_meal.jpg|thumb|Enwere ike itinye nri ọkpụkpụ na nri anụ n'ime ala iji kpalie uto mgbọrọgwụ na ịhapụ phosphorus.]] Fatịlaịza organic bụ fatịlaịza nke a na-emepụta na okike.[1] Fatịlaịza bụ ihe enwere ike ịgbakwunye na ala ma ọ bụ osisi, iji nye nri na ịkwado uto. Fatịlaịza organic a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ihe mkpofu anụmanụ niile gụnyere mkpofu nhazi anụ, nri, slurry, na guano; gbakwunyere fatịlaịza ihe ọkụkụ dị ka compost; na biosolids. Inorganic "fatịlaịza organic" gụnyere mineral na ash. Ọgba aghara a na-ezo aka na ụkpụrụ nke Organic Agriculture, nke na-ekpebi ma enwere ike iji fatịlaịza maka ọrụ ugbo organic azụmahịa, ọ bụghị ma fatịlaịza nwere ogige organic. == Ihe Nlereanya na Ebe e si nweta ya == Fatịlaịza organic ndị bụ isi bụ, peat, mkpofu anụmanụ, mkpofu ahịhịa sitere na ọrụ ugbo, na sludg nsị mmiri a na-edozi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Values of Organic Fertilizers|url=https://extension.oregonstate.edu/node/139446/printable/print|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=extension.oregonstate.edu|archivedate=2021-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102013113/https://extension.oregonstate.edu/node/139446/printable/print}}</ref> === Ihe ndị a na-egwupụta n'ala === Enwere ike gwupụta mineral site na ngwaahịa anụ arụ nke anụmanụ, dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (nchekwa mmiri anaerobic), ụfọdụ nkume limestones (nkwakọba shei fossil), [5] na ụfọdụ phosphates (fossil guano).[6] Ịgbakwunye nzu ma ọ bụ "liming" ala bụ ụzọ isi bulie pH.[7] Site n'ịkwalite pH nke ala, enwere ike ịkwalite uto microbial, nke n'aka nke ya na-abawanye usoro ndu, na-eme ka ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-asọba n'ime ala.[8] Mgbe nri na-asọpụta n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ha na-enwe ike ịnweta osisi na ya mere nwere ike ịbawanye ahụike na oke osisi. Ọ bụrụ na ala adịlarị pH nguzozi, na-akụda ala, agaghị adị irè. * Rock phosphate * Raw Langbeinite * Nkume * potassium sulfate a na-edozighị eme ihe === Ebe E Si nweta ya === Ihe ndị sitere n'anụmanụ gụnyere ma nsị anụmanụ na ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ site na igbu anụmanụ.<ref name="Guertal-2012">{{Cite journal|author=Guertal|first=E. A.|date=2012|title=Evaluation of organic fertilizer sources for south-eastern (USA) turfgrass maintenance|journal=Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B|language=en|volume=62|issue=sup1|pages=130–138|doi=10.1080/09064710.2012.683201|issn=0906-4710}}</ref> A na-esi n'anụmanụ na-amịpụta mmiri ara ehi na-enweta nri nri, anụ ọkụkọ na-amị akwa, na anụmanụ ndị a na-akpa maka anụ na imepụta ihe nzuzo, ma ọ bụ egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ. Nri bụ ihe bara ụba nke nwere atụmatụ maka nri ehi na US naanị na-eru ijeri tọn abụọ kwa afọ, [9] na otu nne okuko nwere ikike imepụta otu cubic ụkwụ nri kwa ọnwa isii.[10] Site n'itinye nri n'ihe ọkụkụ, ọ na-agbakwunye nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sọlfọ, magnesium na calcium.[11]. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-abawanye nkwụsi ike nke ala site n'ịbawanye ihe ndị dị ndụ, [[Iba|ịba]] ụba mmiri n'ime mmiri, ọ nwere ike ịgbakwunye iche iche nje bacteria na ka oge na-aga belata mmetụta nke mbuze ala.<ref name="BCRC-2021">{{Cite web|title=Manure and Nutrient Management - Beef Cattle Research Council|url=http://www.beefresearch.ca/research-topic.cfm|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=Manure and Nutrient Management - Beef Cattle Research Council|archivedate=2020-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523072621/http://www.beefresearch.ca/research-topic.cfm}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, e nwere nsị anụ ahụ na nsị na-abụghị nke anụ ahụ.Iji were nsị dị ka ihe dị ndụ, ọ ga-esite n'ụmụ anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-akụ ihe dị ndụ.<ref name="COG-2021">{{Cite web|title=How do the Regenerative Organic Standards compare to the Canadian Organic Standards?|url=http://magazine.cog.ca/article/how-do-the-regenerative-organic-standards-compare-to-the-canadian-organic-standards/|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=The Canadian Organic Grower|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117023522/http://magazine.cog.ca/article/how-do-the-regenerative-organic-standards-compare-to-the-canadian-organic-standards/}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na enweghị nsị anụ ahụ, a na-ekwe ka ha jiri nsị na-abụghị nke anụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ụmụ anụmanụ nwere ohere ịgagharị, anaghị edebe ha n'ọchịchịrị, ndị na-akụ ya anaghị eji nri gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.<ref name="COG-2021" /> Nri dị ọhụrụ, site na ụlọ, nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịdị elu na ammonia, ma ọ bụ nwee nje bacteria sitere na eriri afọ anụmanụ.Nke a nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na osisi dịka ammonia nwere ike ịgba mgbọrọgwụ ọkụ na ụmụ ahụhụ sitere na eriri afọ anụmanụ nwere ike imerụ microorganisms n'ime ala, gbuo ha, ma ọ bụ metọọ ihe, dị ka E. coli na salmonella.<ref name="thepoultrysite2021">{{Cite web|title=Best practice guidelines for using poultry litter on pastures|url=https://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/best-practice-guidelines-for-using-poultry-litter-on-pastures-1|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=www.thepoultrysite.com|language=en}}</ref> Enwekwara ihe ize ndụ nke iwebata ahịhịa, ebe ọ bụ na mkpụrụ nwere ike ịgafe eriri afọ nke anụmanụ na-emerụghị ahụ, ma ọ bụ enwere ike inwe mkpụrụ n'ihe ndina nke anụ ụlọ, nke a na-agwakọta ya na nsị. Ya mere, a chọrọ ka a mee nsị nke ga-egbu mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ pathogens ọ bụla ma belata ammonia.<ref name="Seeds-2021">{{Cite web|title=The Poop on Manure|url=https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/garden-wisdom/poop-manure|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=West Coast Seeds|date=24 January 2021|language=en}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Krechty_kompostarna.jpg|thumb|Nnukwu ọrụ compost azụmahịa]] Akpụkpọ anụ, nke nwere nsị ọkụkọ na ihe ndina, bụ fatịlaịza nke a tụpụtara ka ọ dị elu maka idozi ala maka owuwe ihe ubi na fatịlaịtị aka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2010|title=Researchers Study Value of Chicken Litter in Cotton Production|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2010/100623.htm}}</ref> O nwere mineral ndị yiri nke ahụ na nsị ndị ọzọ, ebe o nwekwara obere ọla kọpa, zinc, magnesium, boron, na chloride.<ref name="thepoultrysite2021"/> Dabere na ụdị anụ ọkụkọ a nwetara, ọ nwere ike ịnwe ihe fọdụrụnụ. A gaghị agbasa ụdị nsị ọkụkọ a n'ihe ọkụkụ, ọ pụkwara itinye anụ ụlọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ihi botulism, ọrịa nke nje bacteria kpatara n'ime nnụnụ na-ere ure.<ref name="thepoultrysite2021" /> Nri ịnyịnya nwere nguzozi zuru oke nke Carbon na Nitrogen maka composting (30:1) ma bụrụ mmezi ala ubi ọdịnala. Otú ọ dị, iji nlezianya nweta ihe ndị dị ndụ dị oke mkpa n'ihi na nri (na ihe ndina) sitere na ubi ndị a na-agwọ na ezinụlọ picolinic acid nke herbicides gụnyere aminopyralid, clopyralid), na picloram (nke a na-ere na US dị ka Milestone na Grazon-) nwere ike ịgafe n'ụzọ mgbari nri nke ịnyịnya, na-anọgide na-agbanwebeghị na nsị na compost maka ogologo oge. Chemicals ndị a na-emetụtakarị poteto, tomato, na agwa, na-akpata osisi ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ na mkpụrụ osisi na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ na-adịghị. Ọzọkwa, a pụrụ ịchọpụta ndị na-egbu egbu ịnyịnya dị ka Ivermectin n'ime nsị n'ogo na-emerụ ụmụ ahụhụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ bara uru ruo ụbọchị 45. Compost metụrụ emebi nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị igbu osisi na ihe ndị bara uru, kamakwa ọ nwere ike ịmepụta nsogbu maka ndị nwe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Worm Farmer's Handbook: Mid- to Large-Scale Vermicomposting for Farms, Businesses, Municipalities, Schools, and Institutions|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329488189|accessdate=2021-07-25}}</ref> A na-eji guano bat eme ihe dị ka fatịlaịza ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, ọkachasị site n'aka Ndị Incan, bụ ndị ji ụkpara na guano ha kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu, ntaramahụhụ maka igbu ụkpara bụ ọnwụ. Bat guano dị elu na ihe ndị dị ka carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, na phosphorus. Guano na-enwekarị ihe dị ka 10% nitrogen, nke na-enyere osisi aka ịnọgide na-enwe ụcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị mma ma na-akwalite uto ngwa ngwa. Guano ma e jiri ya tụnyere fatịlaịza arụpụtara dị mma iji mee ihe n'ime na n'èzí ụlọ, nnukwu ogige ma ọ bụ obere osisi, ọ naghị esi n'ala pụọ kama ọ na-anọgide ma na-aga n'ihu na-enye osisi nri ma na-eme ka ala dịkwuo mma. Guano bara ọgaranya na nje ndị na-agwọ ọrịa nke na-enyere aka ịsacha nsí na-abụghị nke okike site n'ala nke nwere ike igbochi uto osisi ma kpatara ire ure ngwa ngwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GUANO: BATS' GIFT to GARDENERS|url=https://www.batcon.org/article/guano-bats-gift-to-gardeners/|accessdate=2021-12-02|work=Bat Conservation International|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120111505/https://www.batcon.org/article/guano-bats-gift-to-gardeners/}}</ref> Mmanụ aṅụ, nke sitere n'aka ụmụ mmadụ nakwa ụmụ anụmanụ, bụ fatịlaịza: urea dị na mamịrị bụ nitrogen compound, mamịrị nwekwara phosphorus na potassium.<ref name="ScienceDaily-2021">{{Cite web|title=Urine fertilizer: 'Aging' effectively protects against transfer of antibiotic resistance|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200122080500.htm|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-22|title=Yes wee can: study gives green light to use urine as crop fertiliser|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jan/22/study-gives-green-light-to-use-of-urine-as-crop-fertiliser|accessdate=2021-01-01|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-13|title=Can Human Urine Replace Chemical Fertilizers?|url=https://modernfarmer.com/2014/01/human-pee-proven-fertilizer-future/|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=Modern Farmer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Sally|date=2017-01-16|title=Pee for Plants|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pee-for-plants_b_14204270|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> Mkpụrụ obi mmadụ na-enwekarị nitrogen okpukpu atọ karịa potassium, na ihe karịrị okpukpu iri abụọ karịa nitrogen karịa phosphorus.<ref name="UCSF-Health-2021">{{Cite web|title=Potassium - Urine|url=https://www.ucsfhealth.org/Medical%20Tests/003600|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=ucsfhealth.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Phosphate in Urine|url=https://myhealth.alberta.ca:443/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw202342|accessdate=2021-05-16|work=myhealth.alberta.ca|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ potassium dị na mamịrị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ma dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ potassius dị na nri mmadụ.<ref name="UCSF-Health-2021" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mente|first=Andrew|date=April 2009|title=Urinary potassium is a clinically useful test to detect a poor quality diet|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-nutrition_2009-04_139_4/page/743|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=139|issue=4|pages=743–749|doi=10.3945/jn.108.098319|issn=1541-6100|pmid=19211830}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji mamịrị anụmanụ, dị ka nke ehi na ezì, eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọhịa ndị ọrụ ugbo, mamịrị mmadụ na-abụghị dịka akụkụ nke nsị nsị anaghị ekwe ka ejiri ya mee ihe na ọrụ ugbo ọ bụla.  Otú ọ dị, e nwere nnyocha na-aga n'ihu nke gosipụtara na ịka nká mamịrị n'ime akpa mechiri emechi maka ọnwa 12-16 na-ewepụ 99% nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ, n'ihi mmụba nke urea na ya mere pH.<ref name="ScienceDaily-2021" /> Ihe ndị e si n'anụmanụ nweta. Mgbe a na-egbu anụ ọ bụla, naanị ihe dị ka 40% ruo 60% nke anụmanụ dị ndụ ka a na-agbanwe [[Ibu ejiji|ngwaahịa ahịa]], ebe 40% ruo 60% fọdụrụnụ bụ ihe ndị a na-emepụta. Ihe ndị a sitere na igbu anụmanụ, nke a na-adịghị eri eri - ọbara, ọkpụkpụ, ábụ́bà, akpụkpọ anụ, ụkwụ, mpi, - nwere ike ime ka ha bụrụ fatịlaịza ọrụ ugbo gụnyere [[nri ọbara]], [[nri ọkpụkpụ]] nri azụ, na nri ábụ́tụ̀bà. [[Usòrò:HomeComposting_Roubaix_Fr59.JPG|thumb|Compost bin maka obere mmepụta nke fatịlaịza]]   Nri ndị a na-emepụta na-agụnye compost, nsị mmiri, humic acid, nri ọka, amino acid, na ihe ndị a na'ime mmiri. Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ bụ protein enzyme na-agbari. Ịrebi [[ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ]] (nri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ) site n'afọ ndị gara aga bụ isi iyi ọzọ nke ọmụmụ. Compost na-enye obere ihe na-edozi ahụ na osisi, mana ọ na-enye ala nkwụsi ike site na ịbawanye ihe ndị dị ndụ. Compost na-enyere microorganisms aka ịmụba nke na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-edozi ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ iji mee ka ọ dị mfe.<ref name="Dummies-2021">{{Cite web|title=Plant-Based Fertilizers for Organic Gardens|url=https://www.dummies.com/home-garden/gardening/organic-gardening/plant-based-fertilizers-for-organic-gardens/|accessdate=2021-04-10|work=dummies|language=en|archivedate=2017-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419102142/https://www.dummies.com/home-garden/gardening/organic-gardening/plant-based-fertilizers-for-organic-gardens/}}</ref> Compost adịghị mkpa ka ọ bụrụ nke sitere na osisi zuru oke: a na-ejikarị ngwakọta nke ihe mkpofu osisi jupụtara na carbon na ihe mkpofu anụmanụ jupụtara na nitrogen gụnyere nsị mmadụ dị ka ụzọ isi wepụ pathogens na ísì site na nke ikpeazụ.<ref name="Graves">{{Cite web|author=Robert|first=Graves|date=February 2000|title=Composting|url=https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/wntsc/AWM/neh637c2.pdf|work=Environmental Engineering National Engineering Handbook|pages=2–22|accessdate=19 October 2020|archivedate=15 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115060905/https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/wntsc/AWM/neh637c2.pdf}}</ref> Enwere ike iji ọka gluten, alfalfa, cottonseed, ma ọ bụ soybean mee nri ọka.Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-enye nitrogen na potassium, mana nri soybean na-enye nitrogenium na phosphorus.<ref name="Dummies-2021"/>Mgbe ha gbasara na mbụ, ha nwere ike ịkpata mmụba nke ammonia n'ime ala ma kpọọ mkpụrụ ọkụ, a na-atụ aro iji ha mee ihe mgbe osisi ndị a mepụtara, iji hụ na ihe ọkụkụ na-aga nke ọma. Nnyocha ARS ndị ọzọ achọpụtala na algae eji ejide nitrogen na phosphorus runoff site na ubi ugbo nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị igbochi mmetọ mmiri nke ihe ndị a na-edozi ahụ, kamakwa enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ARS mepụtara "algal turf scrubber" iji belata nsị nri na-edozi ahụ ma mee ka mmiri na-asọba n'iyi, osimiri, na ọdọ mmiri dị mma. Ha chọpụtara na algae a jupụtara na nri, ozugbo a kpọrọ nkụ, nwere ike itinye ya na cucumber na mkpụrụ ọka ma mee ka uto yiri nke a hụrụ site na iji fatịlaịza eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may10/algae0510.htm|title=Algae: A Mean, Green Cleaning Machine|publisher=USDA Agricultural Research Service|date=7 May 2010}}</ref> Ash nke a na-emepụta site na ọkụ osisi bụkwa fatịlaịza K dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ucanr.org/sites/nm/files/76654.pdf|title=Managing Potassium for Organic Crop Production|publisher=CO State Extension}}</ref> ==== Peat ==== Peat, ma ọ bụ turf, bụ ihe ọkụkụ nke na-ere ure. Ọ bụ isi iyi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.Ala nwere ọkwa dị elu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ anaghị adịkarị mkpakọ, nke na-eme ka ikuku ala na mmiri na-agbapụta, yana inye aka n'ịkwado ahụike microbial.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Saito|first=B.|date=2014|title=Alkaline extraction of humic substances from peat applied to organic-mineral fertilizer production|journal=Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering|volume=31|issue=3|pages=675–682|doi=10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002512|issn=0104-6632}}</ref><ref name="BCRC-2021"/> A na-ekwu mgbe ụfọdụ na ọ bụ fatịlaịza a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ mmezigharị kachasị elu. === Ihe mkpofu mmadụ ===   [[Mmiri mkpofu|Mmiri nsị]], nke a makwaara dị ka Biosolids, bụ mmiri nsị nke a gwọrọ, gwakọta, gwakọọ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ka a kpọọ ya ruo mgbe a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe dị mma. Dị ka fatịlaịza, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-abụghị nke ọrụ ugbo dịka na silviculture ma ọ bụ na mmezi ala. Ojiji nke bio-solids na mmepụta ugbo abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị, na National Organic Program nke USDA (NOP) ekpebiela na a naghị ekwe ka biosolids na-emepụta nri na US; ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ (ma e jiri ya tụnyere mineral), sludge bụ ihe a na'ihi mkpokọta ọla na-egbu egbu, ọgwụ, homonụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/torg.html|title=Organic Farming &#124; Agriculture &#124; US EPA|publisher=Epa.gov|accessdate=2012-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406172647/http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/torg.html|archive-date=2006-04-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'inwe nchegbu banyere pathogens a na-ebute n'ahụ mmadụ tinyere mmasị na-arịwanye elu maka ụlọ mposi na ọgwụgwọ nsị dị n'etiti, biosolids anọwo na-anọchi ala abalị (site na nsị mmadụ), fatịlaịza ọdịnala nke a na-edozi nke ọma.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> [[Usòrò:Hestemøj.jpg|thumb|Nri anụmanụ na-emebi emebi bụ isi iyi fatịlaịza]] == Ntinye aka n'ọrụ ugbo == In non-[[Ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta ihe|organic farming]], a compromise between the use of artificial and organic fertilizers is common{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}, often using inorganic fertilizers supplemented with the application of organics that are readily available such as the return of crop residues or the application of manure. A na-akụkwa ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpuchi iji mee ka ala dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ site na nitrogen fixation site na ikuku; yana phosphorus (site na mmegharị nke ihe oriri) ọdịnaya nke ala.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=373994&pageindex=6#page|title=Isolation and Study of Cultures of Chinese Vetch Nodule Bacteria|date=2011-10-03|accessdate=2012-01-09|pmid=16560855|volume=48|journal=J Bacteriol|pages=483–9|author=Gaw|first=HZ|issue=4|doi=10.1128/JB.48.4.483-489.1944}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO3pio5Opy8C&q=phosphorus+addition+fava+bean&pg=PA564|title=Biological approaches to sustainable soil systems|isbn=9781420017113|accessdate=2012-01-09|author=Uphoff|first=Norman|date=3 March 2006|publisher=CRC Press}}</ref> Osisi fatịlaịza na-enyere aka n'ọrụ ugbo site n'iweta ihe oriri site na omimi nke ala, yana site n'inyere aka n'ịchịkwa ojiji nke mmiri.<ref name="agroforestry">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldagroforestry.org/newsroom/highlights/surviving-drought-through-agroforestry|title=Surviving drought through agroforestry|publisher=World Agroforestry Centre|date=August 31, 2011|accessdate=August 29, 2012|author=Langford, Kate|archivedate=October 16, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016041535/http://worldagroforestry.org/newsroom/highlights/surviving-drought-through-agroforestry}}</ref> A na-akụkwa ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ Osisi fatịlaịza iji mee ka ala dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ site na Njikọ nitrogen site na ikuku; yana phosphorus (site na mmegharị nri) nke ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=373994&pageindex=6#page|title=Isolation and Study of Cultures of Chinese Vetch Nodule Bacteria|publisher=Pubmedcentral.nih.gov|date=6 July 2010|accessdate=25 August 2010|archivedate=1 August 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130801121349/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=373994&pageindex=6%23page#page}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO3pio5Opy8C&q=phosphorus+addition+fava+bean&pg=PA564|title=Biological approaches to sustainable ...|accessdate=25 August 2010|isbn=978-1-57444-583-1|year=2006|author=Uphoff|first=Norman Thomas|publisher=CRC Press}}</ref> == Ntụnyere == === Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu === N'ozuzu, ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ime fatịlaịza maka ubi na-agbanyewanye ma na-adịchaghị mfe maka osisi. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ịchọ nke a dị ka ụdị fatịlaịza na-ewepụta ngwa ngwa nke nwere nitrogen na-adịghị agwakọta. Site na ọdịdị ha, fatịlaịza ndị dị n'ime ala na-abawanye usoro nchekwa nri anụ ahụ na nke anụ ahụ n'ala, na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke imebiga nri ókè. Ihe na-edozi ahụ nke organic fatịlaịza, solubility, na ọnụego ntọhapụ nke nutritient na-adịkarị ala karịa mineral (inorganic) fatịlaịtị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=644_20|title=Acta Horticulturae|publisher=Actahort.org|accessdate=2012-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/soils/organic.html|title=AZ Master Gardener Manual: Organic Fetilizers|publisher=Ag.arizona.edu|accessdate=2012-01-09|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005659/http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/soils/organic.html}}</ref>Nnyocha nke Mahadum nke [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]] chọpụtara na nitrogen nwere ike mineralizable (PMN) n'ime ala dị 182-285% karịa na usoro mulched karịa na njikwa synthetics.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TC7-4GDBRNX-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1e3f29ab6806e11cc63cd648dcb5a13d|title=Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farming systems: Effects of organic inputs and straw mulching|doi=10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.002|accessdate=2012-01-09|volume=38|journal=Soil Biology and Biochemistry|year=2006|pages=247–255|author=Tu|first=Cong|issue=2}}</ref> E nwere fatịlaịza 'na-ewepụta ngwa ngwa' nke nwere ihe ize ndụ nke Ọkụ fatịlaịza. Ihe ndị a gụnyere nsị anụmanụ na-enweghị ntụpọ, emulsion azụ, nri ọbara, na mamịrị. Composting na-agbanwe nitrogen na isi mmalite ndị a n'ụdị ndị ọzọ kwụsiri ike (na ụfọdụ mfu). <ref name="Fitzgerald2009">{{Cite web|author=Fitzgerald|first=T.|title=Organic fertilizers|url=http://spokane-county.wsu.edu/spokane/eastside/Fact%20Sheets/C180%20Organic%20Fertilizers%2009.pdf|work=spokane-county.wsu.edu|publisher=Washington State University|accessdate=16 July 2014|year=2009|archivedate=16 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916215629/http://www.spokane-county.wsu.edu/spokane/eastside/Fact%20Sheets/C180%20Organic%20Fertilizers%2009.pdf}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ala === A maara fatịlaịza ndị sitere n'okike ka ha melite ụdị dị iche iche (ndụ ala) na mmepụta ala ogologo oge, ma nwee ike igosi nnukwu ebe nchekwa maka carbon dioxide karịrị akarị. <ref name="Activity and Composition of the Denitrifying Bacterial Community Respond Differently to Long-Term Fertilization">{{Cite journal|author=Enwall|first=Karin|date=December 2005|title=Activity and Composition of the Denitrifying Bacterial Community Respond Differently to Long-Term Fertilization|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=71|issue=2|pages=8335–8343|url=http://aem.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/71/12/8335|accessdate=1 February 2010|pmid=16332820|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.12.8335-8343.2005|archive-date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002093001/http://aem.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/71/12/8335|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity">{{Cite journal|author=Birkhofera|first=Klaus|date=September 2008|title=Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity|journal=Soil Biology and Biochemistry|volume=40|issue=9|pages=2297–2308|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TC7-4SR67X8-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1189586172&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=835b56d01da86058b98352b95f68d2d8|accessdate=1 February 2010|doi=10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007}}</ref><ref name="Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security">{{Cite journal|author=Lal|first=R.|title=Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;304/5677/1623|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|pmid=15192216|doi=10.1126/science.1097396|year=2004|volume=304|issue=5677|pages=1623–7}}</ref><ref name="Organic farming switch quadruples soil CO2 storage capacity">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/280491/change_farming_to_cut_co2_emissions_by_25_per_cent.html|title=Change farming to cut CO₂ emissions by 25 per cent|author=Rees|first=Eifion|date=3 July 2009|publisher=The Ecologist|accessdate=2 February 2010}}</ref> Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-eme ka ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ala site n'inye ihe na micronutrients maka mmekọrịta dị ka mycorrhiza fungal, (nke na-enyere osisi aka ịmị ihe oriri), ma nwee ike belata ihe ndị na-edochi ahụ n'èzí, ike na fatịlaịza, na ọnụahịa nke obere mkpụrụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems|author=PIMENTEL|first=David|date=July 2005|volume=55|journal=BioScience|issue=7|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0573:EEAECO]2.0.CO;2|issn=0006-3568}}</ref><ref name="Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming">{{Cite journal|author=Mäder|first=Paul|date=31 May 2002|title=Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming|journal=Science|volume=296|issue=5573|pages=1694–1697|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/296/5573/1694|accessdate=1 February 2010|pmid=12040197|doi=10.1126/science.1071148}}</ref> === Ịdị n'otu === fatịlaịza sitere na ihe ndị mejupụtara na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site n'otu batrị gaa na nke ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.msuorganicfarm.com/Compost.pdf|title=Crazy about Compost|accessdate=25 August 2010|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601224138/http://www.msuorganicfarm.com/Compost.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Enweghị nnwale nke ụyọkọ, enweghị ike ịmata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe na-edozi ahụ. Ka o sina dị, otu ma ọ bụ karịa nnyocha egosiwo na ha dịkarịa ala dị ka fatịlaịza kemịkal n'oge ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=0002290EN&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csa.com%2Fpartners%2Fviewrecord.php%3Frequester%3Dgs%26collection%3DTRD%26recid%3D0002290EN&uid=789131166&setcookie=yes|title=CSA|publisher=Md1.csa.com|accessdate=25 August 2010}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   == Hụkwa == * Nri ahịhịa mmiri * [[Mkpụrụ osisi na-eme ka ihe ndị dị ndụ]] * Ihe ngwọta mmiri * Iji ihe nsị eme ihe ọzọ == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 19go7mqoupe061x8ksnnriep5n53jx4 0 50913 728205 195906 2026-09-26T13:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728205 wikitext text/x-wiki Congress of Canadian Women (French: Congrès des femmes canadiennes) bụ òtù nwanyị mepụtara na March 1950 site na njikọta nke ọtụtụ òtù, gụnyere Housewives and Consumers Association. A na-ejikọta ya na ụmụ nwanyị. . <ref name=":1" /> Nzukọ ahụ gbara mbọ maka ịha nhata ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere usoro dịka ịkwụ ụgwọ nhata na [[Child care|nlekọta ụbọchị]] ọha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://famouscanadianwomen.com/timeline/timeline1950-1959.htm|title=Famous Canadian Women's Historic Timeline - 1950-1959|work=famouscanadianwomen.com|accessdate=2024-08-23|archivedate=2019-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920130534/http://famouscanadianwomen.com/timeline/timeline1950-1959.htm}}</ref> Rae Luckock bụ onye isi oche guzobere nzukọ ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=1949-11-05|title=Conference for Canadian Women|pages=8|work=Star-Phoenix|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-phoenix-conference-for-canadian-wom/134841882/|accessdate=2023-11-08}}</ref> Onye bụbu onye otu Labour-Progressive Party nke Parliament bụ Dorise Nielsen sokwa na ntọala nzukọ ahụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_hFKQeC3JgC&q=%22congress+of+Canadian+women%22+nielsen&pg=PA215|title=A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen|first=Faith|author=Johnston|date=11 February 2018|publisher=Univ. of Manitoba Press|isbn=9780887553066}}</ref> Ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị jikọtara na ndị Communist Labor-Progressive Party duziri CCW, ọ na-etinye aka na udo n'oge Agha Nzuzo, na-eme ka nzukọ dị n'etiti ndị si Soviet Union na ndị Canada, site n'ịkpọ ha ka ha gaa Canada.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Fk9DgAAQBAJ&q=%22congress+of+Canadian+women%22+&pg=PA206|title=Progressive Heritage: The Evolution of a Politically Radical Literary Tradition in Canada|first=James|author=Doyle|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press|isbn=9780889208292}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1963-10-05|title=Women to March on Ottawa|pages=58|work=The Montreal Star|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montreal-star-women-to-march-on-otta/134861323/|accessdate=2023-11-08}}</ref><ref name="CCW President">{{Cite news|title=May visitors from Russia|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=viBUAAAAIBAJ&dq=rae%20luckock&pg=5219%2C2936835|accessdate=2012-03-03|work=The Leader-Post|date=1956-01-23|author=Canadian Press|page=6}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Congress of Canadian Women / Congrès des femmes canadiennes|url=https://biblio.uottawa.ca/atom/index.php/congress-of-canadian-women-congres-des-femmes-canadiennes|accessdate=2023-11-08|work=University of Ottawa Archives and Special Collections|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108202312/https://biblio.uottawa.ca/atom/index.php/congress-of-canadian-women-congres-des-femmes-canadiennes|archive-date=2023-11-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Diefenbunker dị na Ontario nwere ogwe mkpọsa udo nke Congress of Canadian Women mepụtara n'afọ ndị 1950.Akwụkwọ ndị metụtara Congress of Canadian Women in the Canadian Women's Movement Archive na Mahadum Ottawa Library. [7] The Diefenbunker Museum na Ontario esetịpụ a udo mkpọsa pin emepụta na 1950s site Congress of Canadian Women. [8] <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hobson|first=Emily|date=2023-03-10|title=25 Artifacts: I am a Woman for Peace|url=https://diefenbunker.ca/i-am-a-woman-for-peace/|accessdate=2023-11-08|work=Diefenbunker Museum|language=en-CA|archivedate=2023-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927172524/https://diefenbunker.ca/i-am-a-woman-for-peace/}}</ref> == Ndị a ma ama == * Rae Luckock <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite news|date=1952-08-06|title=Local Women's Chapter Protests to the U.S.|pages=8|work=Nanaimo Daily News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/nanaimo-daily-news-local-womens-chapter/134842134/|accessdate=2023-11-08}}</ref> * Dorise Nielsen<ref name=":0"/> * Nora Rodd<ref>{{Cite news|date=1966-11-25|title=Marriage rules defined?|pages=35|work=The Ottawa Citizen|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-marriage-rules-define/134838907/|accessdate=2023-11-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1956-05-09|title=Asks Visas be Granted to Soviet Women|pages=53|work=The Windsor Star|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-windsor-star-asks-visas-be-granted-t/134841579/|accessdate=2023-11-08}}</ref> {{Reflist}} s2es9x9dvarxomom96tpc05ya01uzbn 0 51632 728291 628491 2026-09-26T19:21:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[Vijay Gutte]] | producer = {{Unbulleted list|[[Sunil Bohra]]|Dhaval Gada}} | writer = {{Unbulleted list|Vijay Ratnkar Gutte|Mayank Tewari|Karl Dunne|Aditya Sinha}} | screenplay = | story = [[Nitish R. Kadam]] | starring = {{Unbulleted list|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Akshaye Khanna]]|[[Suzanne Bernert]]|[[Aahana Kumra]]}} | narrator = | music = '''Songs:'''<br>Sadhu Tiwari (India)<br>Sudip Roy (UK)<br>'''Score:'''<br>[[Sumit Sethi]]<br>[[Abhijit Vaghani]] | cinematography = Sachin K. Krishn | editing = [[Praveen K. L.]] | studio = {{Unbulleted list|Rudra Productions (UK)|Bohra {{Abbr|Bros.|Brothers}}|[[Pen India Limited]]}} | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|1|11|ref1=<ref name="release1"/>}} | runtime = 110 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/accidental-prime-minister-2018|title=The Accidental Prime Minister {{!}} British Board of Film Classification|website=www.bbfc.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403174234/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/accidental-prime-minister-2018|archive-date=2019-04-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> | country = India | language = [[Hindi]] <!--Below two fields must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.-->| budget = <!-- Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--> | gross = {{INR|link=yes}}22.65 crores<ref name=boxapm>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/accidental-prime-minister/box-office/|title=The Accidental Prime Minister Box Office Collection till Now - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> | based_on = {{Based on|''[[The Accidental Prime Minister]]''|[[Sanjaya Baru]]}} }} Onye isi ala ihe mberede bụ ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke asụsụ Hindi nke India nke 2019 nke Vijay Ratnakar Gutte duziri nke Mayank Tewari dere, dabere na 2014 memoir nke otu aha Sanjaya Baru.[1] Ndị Bohra Bros mepụtara ya n'okpuru Rudra Production (UK), yana njikọ ya na Jayantilal Gada n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ Pen India Limited. Ọ na-eme Anupam Kher dịka Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister nke iri na atọ nke India site na 2004 ruo 2014 n'okpuru United Progressive Alliance. #KÚFÙ [[Target page name]] E wepụtara ihe nkiri a na Jenụwarị 11, 2019.[2][3][4][5] Ọ nwetara oghere na-adịghị mma nke ₹ 45 nde (US$540,000)[6] n'ụlọ ọrụ igbe n'ụbọchị mbụ ya [3] na ₹ 305.2 nde (US$3.7 million) dị ka nke Jenụwarị 24.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/top-story/the-accidental-prime-minister-box-office-collection-day-2-anupam-kher-movie-sees-growth-in-collections-despite-poor-reviews/story/309554.html|title=The Accidental Prime Minister Box Office Collection Day 2: Anupam Kher's movie sees growth in collections despite poor reviews|work=www.businesstoday.in|accessdate=2019-01-14}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-accidental-prime-minister-box-office-collection-day-1-anupam-kher-s-film-grosses-a-decent-rs-3-5-1976682|title=The Accidental Prime Minister Box Office Collection Day 1: Anupam Kher's Film 'Grosses A Decent' Rs 3.50 Crore|work=NDTV.com|accessdate=2019-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficecollection.in/box-office-report/uri-the-surgical-strike-the-accidental-prime-minister-7th-day-1-week-box-office-collection-40213|title=Uri The Surgical Strike & The Accidental Prime Minister 7th Day (1 Week) Box Office Collection|author=Team|first=BOC India|date=2019-01-17|work=BoxOfficeCollection.in|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficecollection.in/box-office-report/uri-the-surgical-strike-the-accidental-prime-minister-4th-day-box-office-collection-40128|title=Uri The Surgical Strike & The Accidental Prime Minister 4th Day Box Office Collection|author=Team|first=BOC India|date=2019-01-14|work=BoxOfficeCollection.in|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-14}}</ref> == Atụmatụ == Dabere na ncheta nke onye nyocha amụma India Sanjaya Baru, Prime Minister nke mberede na-enyocha oge Manmohan Singh dị ka Prime Minister nke India, yana nnyonye anya nke Congress Party na-emegide mkpebi ya n'oge ọchịchị mbụ ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ kọwara etu Singh siri dabara na usoro ọchịchị nke Congress Party. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-akọwapụta etu Congress na-eleghara Manmohan Singh anya mgbe niile ka ọ na-edobe ahịhịa maka Rahul Gandhi, nwa Sonia Gandhi. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==   == Mmepụta == Isi foto malitere na 31 Machị 2018 na [[London]]. <ref name="tie1">{{Cite news|title=Anupam Kher starts shooting for Manmohan Singh movie The Accidental Prime Minister, see photos|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-the-accidental-prime-minister-first-look-5124144/lite/|work=[[The Indian Express|IndianExpress]].com|date=5 April 2018|accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref> Usoro ịgba égbè nke dị na London mechiri na 21 Eprel 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Anupam Kher wraps up London schedule for The Accidental Prime Minister|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-wraps-up-accidental-prime-minister-5146122/lite|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=21 April 2018|accessdate=22 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/the-accidental-prime-minister-movie-wiki-news-trailer-songs-cast-crew-release-date/|title=The Accidental Prime Minister shoot wrapped in London – Movie Alles|date=21 August 2018|work=Movie Alles|accessdate=30 October 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Na India, ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ịgba égbè ahụ mere na New Delhi nke mechara mechie na 4 Julaị 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/AnupamPKher/status/1014713823549325312|title=Anupam Kher on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=30 October 2018|language=en}}</ref> == Ahịa na ntọhapụ == E wepụtara ọdịdị mbụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ na 6 June 2017 site na aka Twitter nke Anupam Kher.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-accidental-prime-minister-first-look-anupam-kher-looks-convincing-as-manmohan-singh-3522425.html|title=The Accidental Prime Minister first look: Anupam Kher looks convincing as Manmohan Singh|publisher=Firstpost|date=7 June 2017|accessdate=9 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/AnupamPkher/status/872288677724073986/|title=Anupam Kher on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=30 October 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ọhụrụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-enye ụbọchị a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref name="release1">{{cite tweet|user= taran_adarsh| author=Taran Adarsh|date=27 December 2018|number = 1078139936698560512 |title=Trailer out today... New poster of #TheAccidentalPrimeMinister... Stars Anupam Kher and Akshaye Khanna... Directed by Vijay Ratnakar Gutte... 11 Jan 2019 release... #TAPM #TAPMTrailer https://t.co/VR4nHPNrhT}}</ref> Site na mwepụta nke ihe ngosi ọhụrụ, a kwalite ụbọchị ntọhapụ ahụ na Jenụwarị 11, 2019.<ref name="release">{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/the-accidental-prime-minister/ET00058175|title=The Accidental Prime Minister(2019) – Release Date, Cast, Review|work=BookMyShow}}</ref> Onye ọrụ TAP wepụtara ihe ngosi ọhụrụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ na 3 Jenụwarị 2019. E wepụtara ihe nkiri Hindi na 11 Jenụwarị 2019 na 1300 screens na India na 140 na mba ofesi. A tọhapụrụ nsụgharị Tamil na Telugu na 18 Jenụwarị 2019. == Nnakwere == The Economic Times enyewo ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 3.5 n'ime 5, na-akọwa ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka "nke a rụrụ nke ọma" na ngosipụta Kher nke Manmohan Singh "omume doro anya".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/the-accidental-prime-minister-review-anupam-kher-pulls-off-a-convincing-act-the-drama-unfolds-into-a-well-crafted-film/articleshow/67520513.cms|title='The Accidental Prime Minister' review: Anupam Kher pulls-off a convincing act, the drama unfolds into a well-crafted film|date=2019-01-14|work=The Economic Times|accessdate=2019-01-24}}</ref> Utkarsh Mishra na-enyocha ihe nkiri ahụ maka Rediff.com, na-enye ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 3.5 n'ime 5, na-ekwu na ihe nkiri ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri nlezianya na-ele ya anya na-apụta dị ka "e mere nke ọma", ọ na-akatọ Kher maka imebiga ihe nkiri ókè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/accidental-prime-minister-review-did-manmohan-fight-with-sonia/20190111.htm|title=Accidental Prime Minister Review: Did Manmohan fight with Sonia?|work=Rediff|accessdate=2019-01-24}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee nke NDTV nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 1.5 n'ime 5, na-ekwu na "Prime Minista mberede abụghị ihe na-atọ ụtọ ma ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị". Shubra Gupta nke The Indian Express chịkọtara nzaghachi ahụ: "Prime Minister mberede bụ ihe nkiri mgbasa ozi, nke e mere maka ebumnuche pụrụ iche nke ime ka onye bụbu praịm minista ahụ yie nwoke na-adịghị ike, nke na-enweghị ọkpụkpụ, nwa bebi nke onye isi ala nke onye isi ya na-achịkwa eriri ya. <ref name=":1/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-accidental-prime-minister-review-rating-anupam-kher-5533067/|title=The Accidental Prime Minister movie review: A shoddy propaganda film|date=12 January 2019}}</ref> The Times of India's Ronak Kotecha nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 3.5 n'ime 5 na-ekwu na "Bollywood emepụtala ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke siri ike, dị mgbagwoju anya ma gbaa ọchịchịrị, Praịm Minista mberede nwere ihe niile ahụ n'olu a tụrụ anya. " Koimoi's Umesh Punwani nyere ihe nkiri 2 kpakpando n'ime ise na-ekwu "A Silent Disappointment. Akshaye Khanna pụtara ìhè. Enwere m ike ile ihe nkiri a ọzọ iji gaa n'ihu ma gafee naanị ihe nkiri ya". <ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-accidental-prime-minister/movie-review/67476547.cms|title=The Accidental Prime Minister Review {3.5/5}: An amusing and engaging look at the term of Dr Manmohan Singh as India's PM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/the-accidental-prime-minister-movie-review-a-silent-disappointment/|title=The Accidental Prime Minister Movie Review: A Silent Disappointment!|author=Punwani|first=Umesh|date=2019-01-11|work=Koimoi|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-22}}</ref> == Eziokwu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ajaz Ashraf na-ede maka Firstpost chere na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ yiri ka ọ na-atụ aro na Sanjaya Baru bụ onye ndụmọdụ mgbasa ozi na onye isi na-ekwuchitere Manmohan Singh n'oge 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement. Otú ọ dị, Baru nọ naanị n'ọkwa a n'oge Mee 2004 ruo Ọgọst 2008. Akwụkwọ ahụ kwụsịrị na Mee 2009 mgbe UPA laghachiri n'ọchịchị mgbe ntuli aka India nke afọ 2009 gasịrị. Baru dere akụkọ mmechi dị peeji iri na anọ na ịkọ nkọ na ajụjụ nke a na-eji dị ka isiokwu dị mkpa na ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/timing-of-the-accidental-prime-minister-no-accident-its-makers-complicit-in-bjps-design-to-disparage-singh-demonise-gandhis-5807331.html|title=Makers of The Accidental Prime Minister complicit in BJP's design to disparage Manmohan Singh, demonise Gandhis|work=Firstpost|date=28 December 2018|accessdate=2018-12-28}}</ref> == Akara ụda ==   Sandhu Tiwari dere otu egwu ahụ ebe Nagarjun dere okwu ya. == Arụmụka == N'afọ 2017, onye bụbu onye isi Censor Board Pahlaj Nihalani kwuru na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ga-achọ inweta asambodo No-rescision site n'aka onye bụbu praịm minista Manmohan Singh na onye isi oche Indian National Congress Rahul Gandhi maka ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/the-accidental-prime-minister-movie-needs-noc-from-manmohan-singh-sonia-gandhi-says-pahlaj-nihalani-2214187/|title=The Accidental Prime Minister movie needs NoC from Manmohan Singh, Rahul Gandhi, says Pahlaj Nihalani|accessdate=8 June 2017|date=8 June 2017}}</ref> Ruling Bharatiya Janata Party kwalitere ụgbọala na-adọkpụ site na akaụntụ Twitter ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/bjp-shares-the-accidental-prime-ministers-anupam-kher-trailer-on-twitter-reactions-5513049/|title=BJP shares The Accidental Prime Minister's trailer on Twitter, draws flak online|date=28 December 2018}}</ref> N'ịzaghachi nke a, onye na-ekwuchitere Congress kwuru na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ "mgbasa ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/the-accidental-prime-minister-trailer-stirs-up-political-storm-congress-demands-private-screening-prior-to-release-5804911.html|title=The Accidental Prime Minister trailer stirs up political storm; Congress demands private screening prior to release|work=Firstpost|date=28 December 2018}}</ref> Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ, ngalaba ndị ntorobịa Maharashtra nke pati Congress n'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ kwuru na ha ekwenyeghị na "nkwupụta eziokwu na-ezighị ezi" ma chọọ ka e nyochaa ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụzọ pụrụ iche.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Youth Congress objects to The Accidental Prime Minister, demand special screening|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/youth-congress-objects-the-accidental-prime-minister-special-screening-anupam-kher-manmohan-singh-5512391/|accessdate=27 December 2018|work=Indian Express|date=27 December 2018}}</ref> Ha mechara wepụ akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, na-ezube ịghara ịkpọsa ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/the-accidental-prime-minister-trailer-bollywood-review/|title=The Accidental Prime Minister Trailer Talk: Movie On Manmohan Singh Blames It On Congress|date=27 December 2018|accessdate=28 December 2018|archivedate=10 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410160152/https://www.filmcompanion.in/the-accidental-prime-minister-trailer-bollywood-review/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-accidental-prime-minister-anupam-kher-receives-flak-for-political-propaganda/articleshow/63624792.cms|title='The Accidental Prime Minister': Anupam Kher receives flak for political propaganda|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2, 2019, onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Anupam Kher tweeted na ndị mmadụ na-akọ na a hụghị trailer nke ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka nsonaazụ ọchụchọ kachasị elu mgbe a na-achọ ya na [[YouTube]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/the-accidental-prime-minister-trailer-goes-missing-from-youtube-anupam-kher-blasts-platform-1421644-2019-01-02|title=The Accidental Prime Minister trailer goes missing from YouTube. Anupam Kher blasts platform|work=India Today|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-04}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ India Today mere nchọpụta nke ha, ma kwado ebubo Kher, na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị mgbe ụbọchị na-esote ka ụgbọala na-adọkpụ laghachiri n'ọnọdụ ya dị ka nsonaazụ ọchụchọ kachasị elu. Nke a dugara n'iche na e wepụrụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na mbụ dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa mgbochi mgbasa ozi.<ref name=":0" /> Na 8 Jenụwarị 2019, ụlọ ikpe dị na Bihar nyere iwu ka FIR megide Anupam Kher na mmadụ iri na atọ ndị ọzọ metụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka nkwutọ ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bihar-court-orders-fir-against-anupam-kher-and-13-others-for-the-accidental-prime-minister-1995541.html|title=Bihar Court Orders FIR Against Anupam Kher and 13 Others For The Accidental Prime Minister|work=www.news18.com}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * ''PM Narendra Modi'' * ''Pradhanmantri'' == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e4jhnumefnbwh65vgihdxpaunnbmc89 0 51757 728384 187489 2026-09-27T02:56:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728384 wikitext text/x-wiki   Sikha Chatterjee bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India si Bharatiya Janata Party. Na Mee 2021, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị omebe iwu West Bengal sitere na mpaghara Dabgram-Phulbari na mpaghara Jalpaiguri. Ọ meriri Trinamool Congress heavyweight na Minister Transport nke West Bengal Goutam Deb na oke nke 27,593 votes. Ọ bụ onye ndu mmegide nke Rajganj Panchayat Sammittee. Ọ bụbu onye ndu Trinamool Congress.. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sikha Chatterjee (Criminal & Asset Declaration)|url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1208|accessdate=2021-05-15|work=My Neta.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Development vs identity in Gautam Deb's constituency|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-development-vs-identity-in-gautam-debs-constituency/cid/1812817|accessdate=2021-05-15|work=The Telegraph India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dabgram-Fulbari, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/dabgram-fulbari-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797102-2021-05-02|accessdate=2021-05-15|work=The India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BJP weathers TMC storm in north Bengal By Bappaditya Chatterjee|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bjp-weathers-tmc-storm-in-north-bengal-by-bappaditya-chatterjee/2077409|accessdate=2021-05-15|work=The Outlook India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515054547/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bjp-weathers-tmc-storm-in-north-bengal-by-bappaditya-chatterjee/2077409|archive-date=2021-05-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6qjd67v0krdrcltqoia33rlhd1ik0k7 0 51940 728368 723620 2026-09-27T01:32:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Satabdi Roy|native_name=|native_name_lang=bn|image=Shatabdi Roy.jpg|image_size=|caption=Satabdi Roy|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1969|10|05}}|birth_place=[[Agarpara]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]|death_date=|nationality=Indian|occupation=[[Actress]], [[Film director|director]]<br/>[[politician]]|works=[[#List of work|Full list]]|awards=[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Supporting Actress Award|BFJA Awards]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Satabdi Roy Awards and Nominations |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/person/satabdi-roy-0bobd0r/awards |access-date=24 May 2021 |website=FilmiClub |language=en-US |accessdate=9 September 2024 |archivedate=26 November 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126204106/https://www.filmiclub.com/person/satabdi-roy-0bobd0r/awards }}</ref>|years_active=1986–present|module={{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | name = Satabdi Roy | caption = | office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]] | constituency = [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]] |term_start = 22 May 2009 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Ram Chandra Dome]] |successor = | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = | spouse = {{marriage|Mriganko Banerjee|2001}} | party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]] | relations = | children = 2 | residence = [[Kolkata]] | alma_mater = | profession = | signature = | website = | footnotes = Reference<ref name="Detailed Profile: Smt. Satabdi Roy Ind Gov MP Profile">{{cite web |title=Detailed Profile: Smt. Satabdi Roy |url=http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4506 |publisher=Indian Government |access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> }}}} '''Satabdi Roy''' ({{Audio|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-শতাব্দী রায়.wav|listen}}) (amụrụ 5 Ọktoba 1969) bụ onye omere India, onye isi ihe nkiri na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, a maara ya maka ọrụ ya na sinima Bengali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/satabdi-roy-81451|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331054606/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/satabdi-roy-81451|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Satabdi Roy movies, filmography, biography and songs|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye natara BFJA Awards ugboro abụọ. Dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ọ chịrị usoro ihe nkiri azụmahịa nke Bengali n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1980 na 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel24bd.tv/entertainment/article/112824/টালিউডের-জনপ্রিয়-অভিনেত্রী-শতাব্দী-রায়|title=টালিউডের জনপ্রিয় অভিনেত্রী শতাব্দী রায়|work=Channel 24|language=Bangla|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/purulia-birbhum-bankura/lok-sabha-election-2019-satbdi-roy-and-anupam-hazra-are-on-different-pole-on-their-report-card-1.971086|title=রিপোর্ট কার্ডে দুই মেরুতে শতাব্দী, অনুপম|work=anandabazar.com|language=bn|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> Dị ka onye nduzi, a katọrọ ya maka iji isiokwu ndị na-enweghị isi. Ọ bụ onye otu Trinamool Congress Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha kemgbe afọ 2009. Roy mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na Prosenjit Chatterjee na ihe nkiri Bengali a ma ama nke Tapan Sinha bụ ''Atanka'' (1986), nke meriri ya BFJA Awards maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma na 1987. <ref>{{Cite web|author=FilmiClub|title=BFJA Awards 1987: Complete list of Awards and Nominations|url=https://www.filmiclub.com/award/bfja-awards/bfja-awards-1987|accessdate=2023-01-15|work=FilmiClub|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115131409/https://www.filmiclub.com/award/bfja-awards/bfja-awards-1987}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ mgbe ya na Tapas Paul sonyere na ihe nkiri dịka ''Amar Bandhan'' (1986), ''Guru Dakshina'' (1987), ''Antaranga'' (1988), ''Apan Amar Apan'' (1990) na ''Abishkar'' (1990) ịkpọ aha ole na ole.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/others/lok-sabha-election-birbhum-constituency-candidates/articleshow/69018930.cms|title=তাপসকে খুব মিস করব: শতাব্দী|date=24 April 2019|work=Eisamay|language=bn|accessdate=27 April 2020}}</ref> Isi ihe ya na Prosenjit Chatterjee gụnyere Alingan (1990), Shraddhanjali (1993), Lathi (1996), Sakhi Tumi Kar (1996), Chandragrahan (1997), Ranokhetro (1998), Sajani Aamar Sohag (2000) na Trishul (2000). ịkpọ aha ole na ole. O mere mpụta mbụ Bollywood ya na onye isi mmeri nke mba Jyoti Sarup's Naya Zaher (1991). Ya na Tapan Sinha rụkọrọ ọrụ nke ugboro abụọ na Antardhan ya (1992). Enyere ya onyinye nturu ugo BFJA maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma nke ugboro abụọ na 2005, maka arụmọrụ ya na Raja Sen's Debipaksha. N'oge ndụ ya, a na-ejikarị ya atụnyere ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, dị ka Debashree Roy na Rituparna Sengupta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=দেবশ্রীর সঙ্গে ভালো সম্পর্ক ছিল না: শতাব্দী|url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/satabdi-roy-exclusive-interview-she-speaks-about-debashree-roy-and-rituparna-sengupta/articleshow/89105996.cms|accessdate=2022-09-16|work=EI Samay|language=bn}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya dị ka onye nduzi na ''Abhinetri'' (2006), nke bụ ngosipụta doro anya nke ndụ na ọrụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke Bengali Suchitra Sen. <ref>{{Cite web|title=After Gangster, it's Metro|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/after-gangster-it-s-metro/cid/1003630|accessdate=19 January 2021|work=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ ghọrọ azụmahịa yana ọdịda dị egwu. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya na Agarpara na Shailen na Nilima Roy . <ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=করোনার কবলে শতাব্দী রায়ের পরিবার, আক্রান্ত তারকা সাংসদের বাবা|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tmc-mp-actress-satabdi-roy-s-father-tested-positive-for-covid-19-31596004024122.html|accessdate=30 July 2020|work=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn|archivedate=10 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810062614/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tmc-mp-actress-satabdi-roy-s-father-tested-positive-for-covid-19-31596004024122.html}}</ref> Satabdi Roy gafere Madhyamik ya na Sorojini High School na 1986 wee gaa Jogamaya Devi College, kọleji ụmụ nwanyị jikọtara na Mahadum Calcutta. == Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri == === Mbido na ọganihu (1986-1989) === [[Usòrò:Prosenjit_Chatterjee_and_Satabdi_Roy_in_Atanka_(1986).jpg|thumb|Prosenjit Chatterjee na Roy na usoro na ''Atanka'' (1986) ]] Roy mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na Prosenjit Chatterjee na ihe nkiri Bengali a ma ama nke Tapan Sinha bụ ''Atanka'' (1986), Na mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na fim a na-akpọ Tina, nke Dinen Gupta duziri, ma ọ dịghị mgbe ewepụtara ya. O bilitere na kpakpando mgbe o mechara ihe megidere Tapas Paul na Tapan Saha's Amar Bandhan (1986).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/amar-bandhan-33502|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406102257/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/amar-bandhan-33502|archivedate=6 April 2019|title=Amar Bandhan (1986) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=22 May 2019}}</ref> 'afọ 1987, o nwere mwepụta ise gụnyere Hiren Nag's Pratibha, Prabhat Roy's Pratikar, Anjan Mukhopadhyay's Nyay Adhikar, Biresh Chatterjee's Ekanta Apan na Anjan Choudhry's Guru Dakshina, nke ghọrọ nnukwu nnukwu ego n'ụlọ ọrụ igbe. Ejikọtara ya na Tapas Paul na ihe nkiri a. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ gbara megide Debashree Roy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-27|title='দেবশ্রী মোটেই ভালো ব্যবহার করেনি আমার সঙ্গে, ঋতুপর্ণা কি ঠিক ব্যবহার করত?'নিজের একদা সহকর্মীদের নিয়ে বিস্ফোরক শতাব্দী রায়! {{!}} Khabor24x7|url=https://khabor24x7.com/entertainment/satabdi-roy-spoke-abou-her-relationship-with-debashree-roy-63279/|accessdate=2024-03-13|work=khabor24x7.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya na Paul zaghachiri kemistri ya na Dinen Gupta's Antaranga (1988) na Tarun Majumdar's Parashmani (1988). Ihe nkiri abụọ ahụ ghọrọ nnukwu ego n'ụlọ ọrụ igbe. O gosipụtara n'ihu Tapas Paul na Angar (1989) nke ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ego.<ref>{{Cite web|title=বাংলা সিনেমার অন্যতম সফল জুটি, কেমন ছিল তাপস- শতাব্দীর সম্পর্ক|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/gallery/bengali-cinema/10-movies-of-tapas-paul-and-satabdi-roy-q6eskw|accessdate=24 May 2021|work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=bn}}</ref> === Nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma (1990-2001) === [[Usòrò:Satabdi_Roy_in_Atanka_(1986).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Roy na ''Atanka'']] N'afọ 1990 hụrụ Roy ka ọ pụta dị ka kpakpando ihe nkiri na-akụ akụ na ọganiihu azụmahịa ya abụọ azụ azụ Apan Amar Apan nke Tarun Majumdar na Abishkar nke Salil Dutta. N'ime ihe nkiri abụọ a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na-achọsi ike, ma a na-ahụ ya karịa maka ọrụ ya na Abishkar, bụ ebe o dere onye na-agụ egwú nke malitere n'ọchịchọ nwunye nwanne di ya tọọrọ. A marakwa ya maka ọrụ ya na Tapan Saha's Alingan (1990). Ọ gara n'ihu wepụta hits dị ka Nandan Dasgupta's Prem Pujari (1991), Deb Singha's Adhikar (1992), Guru Bagchi's Pennam Kolkata (1992), Prashanta Nanda's Ghar Sansar (1993), Lal Pan Bibi (1994), Srikanta Guradhakurta's 1993), Chiranjeet Chakraborty's Sansar Sangram (1995), Swapan Saha's Sakhi Tumi Kar (1996) na Anjan Banerjee's Chandragrahan (1997) ịkpọ aha ole na ole. O mere mpụta mbụ Bollywood ya na onye isi mmeri nke mba Jyoti Sarup's Naya Zaher (1991).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://osianama.com/film-titles/naya-zaher-1991|title=The world's leading knowledge-base on the Indian arts, cinema & cultural heritage|work=osianama.com|language=en|accessdate=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="b">{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050820/asp/weekend/story_5111640.asp|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120911164643/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050820/asp/weekend/story_5111640.asp|archivedate=11 September 2012|title=My Weekend - Satabdi Roy|work=telegraph.com|accessdate=25 March 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, a bịakwutere Roy ka ọ rụọ ọrụ Sathi na ihe nkiri triangle ịhụnanya nke Sreekanta Guha Thakurta bụ ''Shraddhanjali'' (1993). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Palit|first=Dibyendu|title=শতবর্ষে চলচ্চিত্র ২|publisher=[[ABP Group|Ananda Publishers]]|year=2016|isbn=9788172155827|language=Bn}}</ref> Na mbido, ọ na-ala azụ ịnakwere ọrụ ahụ ka a chọrọ ka ya na Debashree Roy kerịta ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref name=":0"/> Prosenjit Chatterjee bụ onye na-egwu Amit na ihe nkiri ahụ, gbadoro anya na nke a na-ekwu na ọ ga-emegide ma ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Atụmatụ ahụ gbagharịrị gburugburu mkpụrụedemede atọ - Amit, Sathi na Bobby. Bobby hụrụ Amit n'anya bụ onye ya na Sathi kwere ekwe. Ọ rutere n'elu asọmpi ya na Rituparna Sengupta na ngwụcha afọ 1990 ebe ọ bụ na a na-enye ha abụọ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị inyom na-eduga n'ihu Prosenjit Chatterjee mgbe Debashree Roy kwere nkwa na ya agaghị arụ ọrụ ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reader.magzter.com/reader/4l1kbpspakg6hk1vk990gt26802514464055/268025#page/12|title=এ কোন রচনা!|work=reader.magzter.com|publisher=[[Anandalok]]|accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ jisiri ike gosipụta onye na-abụghị Chatterjee na ihe nkiri Bengali na-aga nke ọma dị ka Lathi (1996), Sakhi Tumi Kar (1996), Bakul Priya (1997), Bidroho (1997), Chandragrahan (1997), Ranokhetro (1998), Swamir Aadesh (1997). 1998), Kalankini Badhu (2000), Sajoni Aamar Sohag (2000), Shapath Nilam (2000) na Trishul (2000).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://reader.magzter.com/reader/6u9c1qlaws8o1z2srjltsh39673814464055/396738#page/24|title=ইন্ডাস্ট্রির অভিভাবক রূপে আমি আর নেই|work=[[Anandalok]]|accessdate=27 April 2020}}</ref> === Nsogbu (2003-2013) === Her post-marital career was not successful. Swapan Saha cast her alongside Tapas Pal, Abhishek Chatterjee and Rituparna Sengupta in his family drama ''Sukh Dukkher Sansar'' (2003).{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> The film was financial success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/that-line-again/cid/1266017|title=That LINE AGAIN|work=The Telegraph (India)|language=en|accessdate=1 April 2020}}</ref> She then accepted the role of an embittered widow in Raja Sen's social drama Debipaksha (2004).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/debipaksha-34161|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331115132/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/debipaksha-34161|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Debipaksha (2004) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190331115132/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/debipaksha-34161 "Debipaksha (2004) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos"]. </cite></ref> Though a disaster at box office, the film fetched her another BFJA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting role in 2005.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} === Ọrụ ndị ọzọ (2016-2018) === A bịakwutere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndu na ''Teesta'', ihe nkiri nke Bratya Basu's play ''Mukhomukhi Bosibar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/য-ত-র-পথ-প-র-য়-ন-টক-র-ম-খ-ম-খ-শত-ব-দ-1.230645|title=যাত্রা-পথ পেরিয়ে নাটকের 'মুখোমুখি' শতাব্দী|date=29 October 2015|work=anandabazar.com|language=bn|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> E mere Teesta na nke mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2016. Ọ bụ Shekhar Samaddar duziri ya ma bụrụ nke otu ihe nkiri Aabhash duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/cinema/-/articleshow/65607605.cms|title=রিভিউ তিস্তা|date=31 August 2018|work=Eisamay|language=bn|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> Na 23 Eprel 2016 Roy na nnọkọ nke ihe nkiri ''Bizli'' (2018), kwupụtara na ọ ga-egosipụta onye iro Dr. Jerina na ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://web.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/187223/বহুদিন-পর-বাংলাদেশের-চলচ্চিত্রে-শতাব্দী-রায়/|title=বহুদিন পর বাংলাদেশের চলচ্চিত্রে শতাব্দী রায় {{!}}{{!}} সংস্কৃতি অঙ্গন {{!}}|work=জনকন্ঠ|language=en|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/494056.details|title='গল্প কথা'র প্রকাশনায় শতাব্দী রায় :: BanglaNews24.com mobile|work=banglanews24.com|language=en|accessdate=31 March 2019|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331181336/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/494056.details|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na mbido, ọ na-ala azụ ịrụ ọrụ ahụ mana n'ikpeazụ o kwetara na Bobby siri ọnwụ.<ref name=":3" /> Ndị nkatọ nabatara arụmọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ nke ọma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mukhomukhosh.net/2018/04/27/bijli-review/|title=বিজলী চলেছে একা পথে – মুখ ও মুখোশ|language=en-US|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> Ọ na-egosipụta onye nkwado na ihe nkiri Hindi ya na-abịanụ The Jangipur Trial .<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-21|title=Satabdi Roy shoots for her debut Hindi film ‘The Jangipur Trial’|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/satabdi-roy-shoots-for-her-debut-hindi-film-the-jangipur-trial/articleshow/88412533.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=2023-10-05}}</ref> == Ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri == N'afọ 2011, onye otu onye isi ndị India censor Board gwara onye isi ala Mamata Banerjee na Maya Mukherjee, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na fim Paribartan nke Roy duziri ka emere onye isi ala. E mechara wepụta ihe nkiri ahụ na 2017.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Filming ferment|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/filming-ferment/cid/388625|date=15 May 2011|work=The Telegraph (India)|language=en|accessdate=9 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=মমতা এক সময় আটকে দিয়েছিলেন শতাব্দীর ছবি : কুণাল|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/mamata-banned-satabdi-roys-film-kunal/|date=13 July 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=en-US|accessdate=9 May 2020}}</ref> Roy tinyere Rituparna Sengupta n'ihu Tapas Paul na ọrụ nduzi ya ''Om Shanti'' (2012). Mgbe a jụrụ ya ma asọmpi ọkachamara nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ ahụ ga-emetụta ịgba égbè ahụ, Roy jụrụ asọmpi ọ bụla dị otú ahụ. Kama nke ahụ, o chere na mmekorita ha ga-amasị ndị na-ekiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1111029/29mukhomukhi2.html|title=মুখোমুখি — ঋতুপর্ণা-শতাব্দী|work=archives.anandabazar.com|accessdate=9 April 2020|archivedate=13 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213164835/http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1111029/29mukhomukhi2.html}}</ref> Ọ tụnyekwara Rakhi Sawant maka nọmba ihe na fim ahụ. Sengupta mafere ihe ngosi izizi nke ihe nkiri ahụ n'ihi na ọ chere na e nyere Sawant mmasị n'onwe ya na akwụkwọ mmado ihe nkiri ahụ ebe Roy kwuru na iwe Sengupta enweghị isi.i.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1120630/30binodan1.html|title=পোস্টার নিয়ে শতাব্দীর সঙ্গে সংঘাতে ঋতুপর্ণা|work=archives.anandabazar.com|accessdate=9 April 2020|archivedate=16 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916131910/http://archives.anandabazar.com/archive/1120630/30binodan1.html}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/om-shanti/movie-review/14548655.cms|title=Om Shanti movie review|work=The Times of India|accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref> Ọ bụ nnukwu ọdachi ego. == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Ọ ghọrọ onye omeiwu, ebe ọ meriri na ntuli aka Lok Sabha na tiketi Trinamool Congress site na mpaghara Birbhum nke West Bengal na 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|author=S.Saha|url=http://westbengalelectionresult.com/satabdi-roy/315|title=Satabdi Roy - Political Profile, Contact, Blogs, News, Address|publisher=westbengalelectionresult.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090506/jsp/nation/story_10923278.jsp|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130203131359/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090506/jsp/nation/story_10923278.jsp|archivedate=3 February 2013|title=The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) {{!}} Nation {{!}} Shatabdi takes to playing teacher|work=The Telegraph (India)|accessdate=26 May 2018}}</ref>O meriri ọzọ site n'otu mpaghara ahụ na tiketi Trinamool Congress na 2014, 2019 na 2024. == Ndụ onwe onye == Mgbe ọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na foto, Roy ga-akụzi ime ihe nkiri na Satabdi Foundation ma ọ bụ soro nwa ya nwoke Samyoraj Banerjee (Tozo), nwa ya nwanyị Samiyana Banerjee, di ya Mrigank Banerjee na onye isi njikwa nke Satabdi Roy Foundation.<ref name="b"/> == Onyinye == {{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" !Ihe nrite !Afọ !Ụdị !Ihe nkiri !Nsonaazụ !  |- ! rowspan="2" |Ihe nrite BFJA |1987 | rowspan="2" |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ nkwado |''Atanka''|{{Won}} | |- |2005 |''Debipaksha''|{{Won}} | |- ! rowspan="4" |Ihe nrite Kalakar |1996 | rowspan="3" |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma |''Sansar Sangram''|{{Won}} | |- |1999 |''Raja Rani Badsha''|{{Won}} | |- |2005 |''Debipaksha''|{{Won}} | |- |2013 |Onye nduzi kacha mma |''Om Shanti''|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magzter.com/article/Celebrity/ANANDALOK/1583221765|title=ভীষন ছেলেমানুষীতে ভরা এক বন্ধু|work=magzter.com|language=en|accessdate=20 April 2020}}</ref> |- !Ihe nrite Bharat Nirman |2001 |Enyemaka na fim ||{{Won}} | |} == List of work == === Hindi films === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Director !Note !{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- |1991 ! scope="row" |''Naya Zaher'' |Jyoti Sarup | | |- |1993 ! scope="row" |''Mulaquat'' |Ramanand Yadav | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/mulaquat-7564|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331095059/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/mulaquat-7564|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Mulaquat (1993) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- |1999 !''Love Story 98'' |Inayat Shaikh | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/love-story-98/|title=Love Story 98|work=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|accessdate=12 April 2020}}</ref> |- | !''The Jangipur Trial'' | | | |} === Bengali films === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Director !Co-actor !Note !{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- | rowspan="3" |1986 !''Amar Bandhan'' |Tapan Saha |Tapas Paul | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/amar-bandhan-33502|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406102257/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/amar-bandhan-33502|archivedate=6 April 2019|title=Amar Bandhan (1986) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref> |- !''Atanka'' |Tapan Sinha |Prosenjit Chatterjee | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/atanka-33668|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331060203/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/atanka-33668|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Atanka (1985) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- !''Bouma'' |Sujit Guha |Prosenjit Chatterjee | | | |- | rowspan="5" |1987 !''Ekanta Apan'' |[[Biresh Chattopadhyay]] |Victor Banerjee | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/ekanto-apon-34318|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406102300/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/ekanto-apon-34318|archivedate=6 April 2019|title=Ekanto Apon (1987) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref> |- !''Gurudakshina'' |Anjan Choudhury |Tapas Pal | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/guru-dakshina-34434|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331061712/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/guru-dakshina-34434|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Guru Dakshina (1987) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- !''Nyay Adhikar'' |Anjan Mukherjee |Abhijit Sen | | | |- !''Pratibha'' |Hiren Nag |[[Ayan Banerjee]] | | | |- !''Pratikar'' |Prabhat Roy | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/pratikar-35448|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324060750/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/pratikar-35448|archivedate=24 March 2019|title=Pratikar (1987) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="9" |1988 !''Aghat'' |[[Dev Sinha]] |Prosenjit Chatterjee | | |- !''Agnisanket'' | | | | |- !''Antaranga'' |[[Dinen Gupta]] |Tapas Pal | | | |- !''Chhannachhara'' |Anjan Mukherjee |[[Tapas Pal and Prasenjit Chatterjee]] | | | |- !''Dena Paona'' | | | | |- !''Maa Ek Mandir'' |Sukhen Das |[[Bhaskar Banerjee]] | | | |- !''Parashmoni'' |Tarun Majumdar |Tapas Pal | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/parasmoni-35329|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331054602/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/parasmoni-35329|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Parasmoni (1988) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- !''Punarmilan'' |[[Jayanta Bose]] |Joy Banerjee | | | |- !''Shudhu Tomari'' |Prabir Mitra |[[Tapas Pal and Prasenjit Chatterjee]] | | |- | rowspan="14" |1989 !''Aamar Shapath'' |Prabhat Roy |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | |- !''Agnitrishna'' |Prabhat Roy |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty|Chiranjit Chakraborty]] | | | |- !''Amanat'' |Santanu Bhowmik |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Angar'' |[[Srinibas Chakraborty]] |Tapas Pal | | | |- !''Biday'' |[[Ajit Ganguly]] |Prosenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Bondini'' |Sujit Guha |Prosenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Judge Saheb'' |[[Pijush Debnath]] |Prosenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Mahapith Tarapith'' | | | | |- !''Mangaldeep'' |Haranath Chakraborty |Tapas Pal | | | |- !''Maryada'' |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty|Chiranjit Chakraborty]] |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty|Chiranjit Chakraborty]] | | | |- !''Mone Mone'' |[[Parthopratim Choudhury]] |Prosenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Monimala'' | | | | |- !''Shatrupaksha'' |[[Nripen Saha]] |Prosenjit Chatterjee | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/shatrupaksha-35828|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331062501/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/shatrupaksha-35828|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Shatrupaksha (1989) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- !''Srimati Hangsaraj'' | | | | |- | rowspan="12" |1990 !''Abhimanyu'' |Biplab Chatterjee |Biplab Chatterjee | | | |- !''Abishkar'' |Salil Dutta |Tapas Pal | | | |- !''Alingan'' |[[Tapan Saha]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Anurag'' |[[Jawahar Biswas]] |Tapas Pal | | | |- !''Apan Aamar Apan'' |Tarun Majumdar |[[Tapas Pal and Prosenjit Chatterjee]] | | | |- !''Bhanga-Gara'' |[[Guru Bagchi]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Chetana'' |[[Dev Sinha]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Gharer Bou'' |[[S.S.Roy]] |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty|Chiranjit Chakraborty]] | | | |- !''Jowar Bhanta'' |[[Dulal Bhowmik]] |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty|Chiranjit Chakraborty]] | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/jwar-bhata-34657|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331064854/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/jwar-bhata-34657|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Jwar Bhata (1990) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- !''Kalanka'' | | | | |- !''Omar Akbar'' |Fazal Ahmed Benjir | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://murtozakobirmurad.blogspot.com/2016/11/omar-akbar-bangla-movie.html|title=Omar Akbar - Bangladeshi Movie - Murtoza Kobir Murad|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref> |- !''Raktareen'' |Sushil Mukherjee | | | |- | rowspan="4" |1991 !''Aamar Sathi'' |Salil Dutta |Arjun Chakraborty | | | |- !''Bidhir Bidhan'' |[[Md. Mahasin]] |Arun Govil | | | |- !''Maan Maryada'' |Sukhen Das |Tapas Pal | | | |- !''Prem Pujari'' |[[Nandan Dasgupta]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/prem-pujari-35467|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331074804/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/prem-pujari-35467|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Prem Pujari (1991) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="8" |1992 !''Adhikar'' |[[Dev Sinha]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | | |- !''Antardhan'' |Tapan Sinha |Arjun Chakraborty | | | |- !''Dharma-Yuddha'' |Samit Bhanja |Arjun Chakraborty | | | |- !''Maa'' |Prashanta Nanda |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Monikanchan'' | | | | |- !''Natun Sansar'' | | | | |- !''Pennam Kolkata'' | | | | |- !''Shaitan'' |[[Sachin Adhikari]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- | rowspan="10" |1993 !''Arjun'' | | | | |- !''Ghar Sansar'' |Prashanta Nanda |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Kanyadan'' | | | | |- !''Maan Samman'' | | | | |- !''Prajapati'' |Biplab Chatterjee |Biplab Chatterjee | | | |- !''Prathama'' | | | | |- !''Premi'' | | | | |- !''Shakti'' | | | | |- !''Shraddhanjali'' |[[Srikanta Guha Thakurta]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Sukher Swarga'' |[[Biresh Chatterjee]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- | rowspan="7" |1994 !''Ajana Path'' | | | | |- !''Bidrohini'' | | | | |- !''Kalpurush'' | | | | |- !''Laal Paan Bibi'' |Prashanta Nanda |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] | | |- !''Nagjyoti'' | | | | |- !''Phiriye Dao'' |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] | | | |- !''Tumi Je Aamar'' |[[Inder sen]] |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- | rowspan="8" |1995 !''[[Abirbhab]]'' | | | | |- !''Boumoni'' | | | | |- !''Kumari Maa'' |Dulal Bhowmik | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/kunwari-maa-8099|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331112558/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/kunwari-maa-8099|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Kunwari Maa (1996) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- !''Mashal'' | | | | |- !''Pratidhwani'' | | | | |- !''Sansar Sangram'' |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] |[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] | | | |- !''Shesh Pratiksha'' | | | | |- !''Sukher Asha'' |Sadhan | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/sukher-asha-35988|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331112556/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/sukher-asha-35988|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Sukher Asha (1995) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |1996 !''East Bengaler Chele'' |Aloke Bhowmik | |{{Small|Delayed release}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/these-bengali-films-will-surely-reignite-your-love-for-football/photostory/69875020.cms|title=These Bengali films will surely reignite your love for football|date=20 June 2019|work=The Times of India|language=en|accessdate=19 April 2020}}</ref> |- !''Jamaibabu'' |[[Dulal Bhowmik]] |Tapas Pal | | |- !''Joy Bijoy'' |Shantanu Bhoumik | | | |- !''Lathi'' |Prabhat Roy |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | |- !''[[Sakhi Tumi Kar]]'' |Swapan Saha |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | |- !''Tridhara'' |Prashanta Nanda | | | |- | rowspan="9" |1997 !''Abhishapta Prem'' |Manoj Sen | | | |- !''Ajker Santan'' |Haranath Chakraborty |Tapas Pal | | |- !''Bahurupa'' |Arabinda Mitra | | | |- !''Bakul Priya'' |Swapan Saha | | | |- !''Bidroho'' |Haranath Chakraborty |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | |- !''Chandragrahan'' |Anjan Banerjee |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | |- !''Mayar Badhon'' |Swapan Saha |Abhishek Chatterjee | | | |- !''Pratirodh'' |[[Srinibas Chakraborty]] |Tapas Pal | | |- !''Sarbajaya'' |Sukanta Roy | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/apr/26tagore.htm|title=Tagore on celluloid|date=26 April 2000|work=Rediff.com|accessdate=12 April 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="10" |1998 !''Aparajita'' |[[Joydeb Pariyal]] |Tapas Pal | | | |- !''Asal Nakal'' |[[Bablu Samaddar]] |Lokesh Ghosh | | |- !''Jiban Trishna'' |Bidesh Sarkar | | | |- !''Kamalar Banabas'' |Swapan Saha | | | |- !''Putrabadhu'' |Pallab Ghosh |Abhishek Chatterjee | | |- !''Raja Rani Badsha'' |Haranath Chakraborty | | | |- !''Ranokhetro'' |Haranath Chakraborty |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | |- !''Shimul Parul'' |Swapan Saha | | | |- !''Sreeman 420'' |Dulal Bhowmik | | | |- !''Swamir Aadesh'' |Swapan Saha | | | |- | rowspan="4" |1999 !''Gariber Raja Robinhood'' | | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.induna.com/1000006679-productdetails/|title=Gariber Raja Robinhood VCD (1999)|work=induna.com|accessdate=7 April 2019}}</ref> |- !''[[Gunda (1999 film)|Gunda]]'' | | | | |- !''Jugbatar Loknath'' | | | | |- !''Krishna Kaberi'' | | | | |- | rowspan="9" |2000 !''[[Dabee (2000 film)|Dabee]]'' | | | | |- !''Didi Aamar Maa'' | | | | |- !''Kalankini Badhu'' | | | | |- !''Pita Swarga Pita Dharma'' | | | | |- !''Rupasi Dohai Tomar'' | | | | |- !''Sajoni Aamar Sohag'' |Anup Sengupta |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | |- !''Satruta'' |Anup Sengupta |Prasenjit Chatterjee | | | | |- !''Shapath Nilam'' | | | | |- !''Trishul'' | | | | |- | rowspan="9" |2001 !''Aami Jibonpurer Pathik'' | | | | |- !''Bhalobasa Ki Aage Bujhini'' | | | | |- !''Bidhatar Khela'' | | | | |- !''Cancer'' |[[Pinaki Choudhury]] |Sabyasachi Chakraborty | | | | |- !''Etai Swarga'' |Salil Dutta |Arjun Chakraborty | | | |- !''Janak Janani'' | | | | |- !''Nadir Pare Aamar Bari'' | | | | |- !''Shesh Bichar'' | | | | |- !''Srimoti Bhayonkari'' | | | | |- | rowspan="4" |2003 !''Chor O Bhagoban'' | | | | |- !''Debipuja'' | | | | |- !''Jua'' | | | | |- !''Sukh Dukkher Sansar'' |Swapan Saha | | | |- |2004 !''Debipaksha'' |Raja Sen | | |<ref name=":2"/> |- | rowspan="2" |2005 !''Dwiragaman'' | | | | |- !''Nishachar'' | | | | |- |2006 !''Abhinetri'' |{{Yes}} | | | |- | rowspan="3" |2008 !''[[Biyer Lagna]]'' | | | | |- !''Shibaji'' | | | | |- !''Tolly Lights'' | | | | |- | rowspan="2" |2009 !''Dhaki'' |{{Yes}} | | | |- !''Friend'' |{{Yes}} | | | |- | rowspan="3" |2010 !''Bejanma'' | | | | |- !''Goodly'' |Arabinda Ghosh | | | |- !''Megh Brishti Aalo'' | | | | |- | rowspan="3" |2011 !''Bhoy'' | | | | |- !''Fight 1:1'' |Debaditya | | | |- !''Lorai'' | | | | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 !''Om Shanti'' |{{Yes}} |Tapas Paul |{{Small|Cameo}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/now-showing-the-no-show-full-plot-for-a-potboiler-wounded-egos-and-biting-jibes/cid/324573|title=Now showing, the no-show - Full plot for a potboiler: wounded egos and biting jibes|work=The Telegraph (India)|language=en|accessdate=28 March 2020}}</ref> |- !''Ullas'' | | | | |- | rowspan="3" |2013 !''Aleyar Alo'' |Debabrata Mukherjee | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/aleyar-alo/movieshow/62526931.cms|title=Aleyar Alo (2013)|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> |- !''[[Swabhoomi]]'' | | | | |- !''Sweet Heart'' | | | | |- |2017 !''Paribartan'' |{{Yes}} |Tapas Paul | |<ref name=":4"/> |- |2018 !''Bizli'' |Iftakar Chowdhury | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bizli-36549|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331060211/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bizli-36549|archivedate=31 March 2019|title=Bizli (2018) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|work=Cinestaan|accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref> |} === Ihe nkiri Odia === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Afọ !Aha ya !Onye nduzi !Ihe odide |- !1988 !Bidhir Bidhan !Mohammed Mohsin ! |- !1994 !Emiti Bhai Jagate Nahin Jagate Nahan !Prashanta Nanda ! |} === Mgbanwe nke usoro === {| class="wikitable" !Aha ya !Onye nduzi !Ihe odide !  |- !''Andhakaar Ma ọ bụ Rabindraramani'' | | | |- !''Teesta'' |Shekhar Samaddar | | |} === Ihe ngosi nke eziokwu === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe odide !  |- |? !''Satabdir Adday'' |Onye ọbịa | | |} === Akwụkwọ edemede === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Mbipụta !Ihe odide !  |- |1995 !''Ei Shatabdir Prem'' |Mbipụta Dey | | |- | !''Jhaal Mishti Premer Golpo'' |Deep Prakashan | | |- | !''Brishti Tumi Aamay Eka'' |Deep Prakashan | | |- | !''Jodi Bhalobaso'' |Mbipụta Dey | | |- | !''Tumi Shudhu Tumi'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web|title=তুমি শুধু তুমি - শতাব্দী রায়|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/86933/tumi-shudhu-tumi|work=rokomari.com|language=en|accessdate=9 May 2020}}</ref> |- | !''Nirbhoy'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web|title=নির্ভয় - শতাব্দী রায়|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/172342/nirvoy|work=rokomari.com|language=en|accessdate=9 May 2020}}</ref> |- |2006 !''Onye hụrụ n'anya'' |Deep Prakashan | | |} == Ihe odide == {{17th LS members from West Bengal}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{IMDb name|1376311}}{{16th LS members from West Bengal}}{{15th LS members from West Bengal}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Satabdi}}{{BLP sources section|date=March 2023}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6wwu0uxagx3qobd0o82varcc0yd2kl8 0 52094 728356 642096 2026-09-27T00:38:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Salimata Lam|nationality=Mauritanian|occupation=Coordinator for S.O.S. Esclaves|known_for=Anti-slavery activism}} '''Salimata Lam''' bụ onye [[Mauritania|Mauritanian]] na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ. Ọ bụ onye na-emegide Ịgba ohu, na onye nhazi mba nke otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị S.O.S. Esclaves.<ref name="Aljazeera" /> == Akụkọ ndụ == Lam bụ onye nhazi nke S.O.S. Esclaves, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke onye ọka iwu Mauritania bụ Boubacar Ould Messaoud guzobere na 1995, iji dozie nsogbu nke ịgba ohu nke oge a. Òtù Lam na-akwadokwa megide Alụmdi na nwunye a manyere amanye. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2015, mmemme nke òtù ndị na-emegide ịgba ohu gụnyere S.O.S. Esclaves emeela ka e guzobe iwu na Mauritania nke na-ekwu maka mmụba nke oge mkpọrọ maka ndị mebiri iwu site na afọ iri ruo afọ iri abụọ yana imebi iwu nke alụmdi na nwunye a manyere. N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2015 ya na Al Jazeera, Lam gosipụtara na n'agbanyeghị ọnụnọ nke iwu ndị e dezigharịrị na iwu iji dozie ịgba ohu na alụmdi na nwunye a manyere amanye na Mauritania, "naanị otu onye nwe ohu ka a kpụpụrụ maka inwe ndị ohu".<ref name="Aljazeera">{{Cite web|author=Townsend|first=Jacinda|date=2015-12-09|title=Meet the woman freeing Mauritania's slaves|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/women-make-change/2015/12/9/meet-the-woman-freeing-mauritanias-slaves|accessdate=2021-07-08|work=Al Jazeera|publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTownsend2015">Townsend, Jacinda (2015-12-09). [https://www.aljazeera.com/program/women-make-change/2015/12/9/meet-the-woman-freeing-mauritanias-slaves "Meet the woman freeing Mauritania's slaves"]. ''Al Jazeera''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-08</span></span>.</cite></ref> Kemgbe ahụ, e meela ikpe ndị ọzọ nke ọma site n'enyemaka nke S.O.S. Esclaves.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hicks|first=Celeste|date=2016-05-24|title=Campaigners celebrate slavery prosecutions in Mauritania|url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/may/24/campaigners-celebrate-slavery-prosecutions-in-mauritania-activists-release|accessdate=2021-07-08|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-30|title=Mauritania Jails Slave-Owner for 20 Years in Country's Harshest Ruling|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/mauritania-jails-slave-owner-20-years-countrys-harshest-ruling|accessdate=2021-07-08|work=Voice of America|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115163819/https://www.voanews.com/africa/mauritania-jails-slave-owner-20-years-countrys-harshest-ruling|archive-date=2020-01-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara Lam maka New African Woman in Civil Society Award mana Theresa Kachindamoto nke [[Malawi]] meriri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dumbula|first=Joseph|date=2017-04-14|title=Kachindamoto wins|url=https://malawi24.com/2017/04/14/kachindamoto-wins/|accessdate=2021-07-08|work=Malawi 24|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntuaka == 1. Townsend,Jacinda (2015-12-09). "zute nwanyị ahụ na-ahapụ ndị ohu Manuritania". AlJazeera. {{Reflist}}eweghachiri 2021-07-08. 2. Hicks,Celeste(2016-05-24). "Ndị mkpọsa na-eme ememe ịgba ohu na Mauritania". Onye nlekọta ahụ Ewetara 2021-07-08. 3. "Mauritania Na-atụ ndị nwe ịgba ohu mkpọrọ afọ 20 na mkpebi kacha njọ nke obodo". olu America. 2018-03-30. ewepụtara 2021-07-08. 4. Dumbula, Joseph (2017-04-14). Kachindamoto meriri". Malawi 24. Eweputara 2021-07-08. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4bo0nhfgtx9bm1z7fzfsa5vd83filkp 0 52152 728310 723367 2026-09-26T20:20:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Ram Madhav|image=|office=State Incharge, [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]|term=2024|office1=[[General Secretary|National General Secretary]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|termstart1=2014|termend1=2020|president1=* [[Amit Shah]] * [[J. P. Nadda]]|birth_name=Varanasi Ram Madhav<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-28|title=Kakinada: Leaders Await Results for Strengthening Party|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/280419/kakinada-leaders-await-results-for-strengthening-party.html|access-date=2020-08-29|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>|birth_date={{birth date and age|1964|8|22|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Amalapuram]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]|occupation=Politician|party=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|alma_mater=[[University of Mysore]]|website={{URL|rammadhav.in}}}} Varanasi Ram Madhav (amụrụ 22 Ọgọst 1964) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India nke jere ozi dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke mba Bharatiya Janata Party.[1][2] Ọ bụ onye otu National Executive nke Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ma dee akwụkwọ ole na ole. Ihe kachasị ọhụrụ ya bụ ndị agbata obi na-adịghị mma: India na China mgbe afọ iri ise nke agha gasịrị .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/rammadhavbjp/status/433541735134687233|title=Ram Madhav on Twitter|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://samvada.org/2014/news/ram-madhavs-new-book-uneasy-neighbours-india-and-china-after-fifty-years-of-the-war/|title=Ram Madhav's new book "Uneasy Neighbours: India and China after Fifty Years of the War"|work=samvada.org|date=20 February 2014|accessdate=15 May 2014|archivedate=16 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116033953/http://samvada.org/2014/news/ram-madhavs-new-book-uneasy-neighbours-india-and-china-after-fifty-years-of-the-war/}}</ref><ref name="rammadhav.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rammadhav.in/about/|title=About|work=rammadhav.in|accessdate=2024-09-15|archivedate=2017-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407223424/http://www.rammadhav.in/about/}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Madhav na East Godavari district nke Andhra Pradesh na 22 Ọgọst 1964.[6] N'ụzọ bụ isi nwa akwụkwọ nke injinia, ọ nwetara diploma ya na Electric Engineering site na Andhra Pradesh.[5] O nwekwara akara ugo mmụta post-graduate na Political Science na Mahadum Mysore, Karnataka . <ref name="Outlook">{{Cite web|title=The Pracharak Is Going Places|work=outlookindia.com|date=8 December 2014|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-pracharak-is-going-places/292726|accessdate=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200715/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-pracharak-is-going-places/292726|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Mmekọrịta Madhav na Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh malitere mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. O wepụtara onwe ya ịbụ onye ọrụ oge niile maka RSS na 1981. E kenyere ya ọtụtụ ọkwa dị mkpa na nzukọ ahụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/RSS-leader-Ram-Madhav-to-join-BJP/articleshow/37970010.cms|title=RSS leader Ram Madhav to join BJP|work=The Times of India|date=7 July 2014}}</ref>Ọ bụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Bharatiya Pragna'', magazin a na-ebipụta kwa ọnwa n'asụsụ Bekee nke Pragna Bharati bipụtara, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ''Jagriti'', akwụkwọ Telugu kwa izu. <ref name="Outlook"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ram Madhav is emerging as BJP's firefighter|work=SundayGuardianLive|date=26 September 2016|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/ram-madhav-is-emerging-as-bjps-firefighter|accessdate=2 February 2016|archivedate=5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305180639/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/ram-madhav-is-emerging-as-bjps-firefighter}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ ihe karịrị afọ 20 na akwụkwọ ndị RSS kwadoro ma dee ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri na abụọ. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu Board of Governors of India Foundation, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche na New Delhi nke lekwasịrị anya na nsogbu, ihe ịma aka, na ohere nke ọchịchị India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President for RSS think-tank meet|work=The Telegraph|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160202/jsp/nation/story_67091.jsp|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20161226215630/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160202/jsp/nation/story_67091.jsp|archivedate=26 December 2016|accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nduzi na Vision India Foundation, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche na New Delhi na-arụ ọrụ na idu ndú ọha na eze n'etiti ndị ntorobịa <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visionindiafoundation.com/aboutus/team/|title=Team|date=19 December 2014|accessdate=27 September 2019|archivedate=22 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922051504/https://visionindiafoundation.com/aboutus/team/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922230418/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Ec6PuYkOM8k|archivedate=2022-09-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ec6PuYkOM8k|title=Policy BootCamp 2019: Sh. Ram Madhav on "Ideas for Transforming India"|work=[[YouTube]]|date=28 June 2019|accessdate=2024-09-15}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere mba nke RSS site na 2003 ruo 2014. A họpụtara Madhav na BJP ma họpụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị odeakwụkwọ ukwu ya na 2014. <ref name=":0"/>   Dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Bharatiya Janata Party, a na-eto ya maka ịrị elu nke pati ahụ na North East India na iwulite njikọ aka na ndị otu mpaghara.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/politics/where-is-ram-madhav-the-rss-pracharak-who-was-modis-man-friday-not-long-ago/296731/|title=Where is Ram Madhav — the RSS pracharak who was Modi's Man Friday not long ago|publisher=[[ThePrint]]|date=26 September 2019|work=theprint.in|author=SHANKER ARNIMESH|accessdate=13 August 2020}}</ref> == Echiche Onwe Onye == === Iwu mba ọzọ === Ọ rịọrọ India ka ọ rụọ ọrụ "n'ógbè ahụ" iji lelee China's One Belt One Road Initiative.<ref>{{Cite news|quote=The BJP leader also called for support for India’s “proactive role in the region”, saying New Delhi would not be a “spectator” as China pushed its Belt and Road initiative forward. He called the project a “Neo-Marshall plan” in a veiled reference to the carving up of post-war Europe as akin to Chinese infrastructure projects in Asia and Africa.|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-needs-to-focus-eastward/article22458036.ece|title=India needs to focus eastward: Ram Madhav|date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> O sonyere na ntinye nke BJP n'ime International Democrat Union, otu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị etiti.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/88H4qUDAvAoNMjeyladNdL/BJP-joins-International-Democratic-Union.html|title=BJP joins International Democratic Union|publisher=Live Mint|date=27 February 2016|work=livemint.com|author=Gyan Varma|accessdate=28 April 2020}}</ref> == Nnakwere == === Ajụjụ ọnụ onye Britain bụ Mehdi Hasan === Na ihe ngosi mkparịta ụka a na-akpọ Head to Head na Al Jazeera, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Qatari, nke Mehdi Hasan kwadoro na Hindu Nationalism, nkwupụta Ram Madhav banyere 'yo'[https://www.firstpost.com/politics/well-worry-about-kashmir-you-worry-about-your-isis-bjp-gen-secy-ram-madhav-tells-al-jazeeras-mehdi-hasan-2560818.html 'ya' ISIS] nye onye mgbasa ozi Britain na nkọwa e mechara bipụta na Indian Express na-akpọ ya naanị ihe na-adịghị mma <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="133" href="./Mehdi_Hasan" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mehdi Hasan">Mehdi Hasan's interview with Ram Madhav was flirting with bias<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;last<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Singh<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;first<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Sarabjeet<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;January 2, 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;work<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;DailyO<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;January 9, 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwASQ\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt118\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFSingh2016\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Singh, Sarabjeet (2 January 2016). </cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-19" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Ram_Madhav#cite_note-19 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Mgbe ihe ngosi ahụ gasịrị, onye mgbasa ozi Mehdi Hayan kwuru na a na-aakpọ ya onye na-akwado ISIS kemgbe ahụ site na ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/headtohead/2016/02/transcript-ram-madhav-hindu-nationalism-160201131633738.html|title=Transcript: Ram Madhav on Hindu nationalism|date=June 7, 2016|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=January 9, 2020|archive-date=February 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223062746/https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/headtohead/2016/02/transcript-ram-madhav-hindu-nationalism-160201131633738.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/well-worry-about-kashmir-you-worry-about-your-isis-bjp-gen-secy-ram-madhav-tells-al-jazeeras-mehdi-hasan-2560818.html|title=We'll worry about Kashmir, you worry about 'your' ISIS: BJP's Ram Madhav tells Al Jazeera journo|author=FP Staff|date=Dec 28, 2015|work=Firstpost|accessdate=January 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/after-ram-madhav-interview-talk-show-host-writes-hindu-nationalist-trolls-tried-to-paint-me-as-isis-supporter/|title=After Ram Madhav interview, talk show host writes: 'Hindu nationalist trolls' tried to paint me as ISIS supporter|author=Web Desk|first=Express|date=December 28, 2015|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=January 9, 2020}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == * ''Ndị agbata obi obi na-adịghị mma: India na China mgbe afọ 50 nke agha gasịrị '', New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 2014, 256 p {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m9nga6vb35oyptk2jslk59l7x8z05kp 0 52617 728448 656452 2026-09-27T09:33:26Z Andre Engels 66 Redirected page to [[Wendie Renard]] 728448 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wendie Renard]] cwyo3j9f2r05lfs3hva4l68nz5ta2ly 0 52626 728450 692723 2026-09-27T09:34:38Z Andre Engels 66 Redirected page to [[Almuth Schult]] 728450 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Almuth Schult]] i3oqecnkkkm5x75nk5xpk6bxo4jlsoz 0 53071 728348 723510 2026-09-26T23:43:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728348 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Mkpurụ okwu sélénsé'' {{Databox}}'''Rukmini Maria Callimachi''' (amuru '''Sichitiu''' <ref name="boieri" />{{Cite news|url=https://adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/serial-boieri-mari-episodul-10-familia-callimachi-scarlat-sange-boier-minte-comunist-<ref></ref>1_58cd2acd5ab6550cb8732259/index.html|first=Laurențiu|author=Ungureanu|title=Serial ''Boieri mari'', Episodul 10: Familia Callimachi. Scarlat, sânge de boier, minte de comunist|work=[[Adevărul]]|date=2017-03-18|language=Romanian}}</ref> na 25 June 1973) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mihaiescu|first=Marlus|title=Rukmini Callimachi - jurnalista americana de origine romana - nominalizata la premiile Pulitzer|url=http://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-media_publicitate-5617394-rukmini-callimachi-jurnalista-americana-origine-romana-nominalizata-premiile-pulitzer.htm|work=HotNews.ro|date=21 April 2009|accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> bu onye odeakụkọ America amuru Romania. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a maka ''New York Times'' . Ọ bụbu onye meriri [[ihe nrite Pulitzer]] ugboro anọ. She hosted the ''New York Times'' Podcast <nowiki><i id="mwFQ">Caliphate</i></nowiki>, nke meriri onyinye Peabody, mana ''Times'' weghachiri ihe nrite ahụ mgbe nyochachara gosipụtara obi abụọ na akụkụ dị ịrịba ama nke pọdkastị ahụ. == ndabere == [[Usòrò:Gyantse_Dzong4.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ebe e wusiri ike Gyantse na Tibet, ebe Callimachi mere njem maka RGS]] Akpọrọ Callimachi " Rukmini " ( Sanskrit Rukmiṇī ( Devanagari : San>{{IPA|sa|rukmiɳiː|ipa}}mgbe onye ọkà mmụta okpukpe India bụ Rukmini Devi Arundale, onye nchoputa nke Kalakshetra Foundation na Chennai, [[Ndia|India]], onye ezinụlọ ya nọ nso. <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web|title=Rukmini Callimachi-Rukmini Arundale|url=https://twitter.com/rcallimachi/status/526416344997457920|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> Aha nna ya mbụ bụ Sichitiu. Ọ bụ nwa nnochi anya Mihai Botez, ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye mgbagha na-emegide ọchịchị Kọmunist Romania . <ref name="boieri" />{{Cite news|url=https://adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/serial-boieri-mari-episodul-10-familia-callimachi-scarlat-sange-boier-minte-comunist-1_58cd2acd5ab6550cb8732259/index.html|first=Laurențiu|author=Ungureanu|title=Serial ''Boieri mari'', Episodul 10: Familia Callimachi. Scarlat, sânge de boier, minte de comunist|work=[[Adevărul]]|date=2017-03-18|language=Romanian|archive-date=2017-03-20|access-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320212431/https://adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/serial-boieri-mari-episodul-10-familia-callimachi-scarlat-sange-boier-minte-comunist-1_58cd2acd5ab6550cb8732259/index.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFUngureanu2017">Ungureanu, Laurențiu (18 March 2017).. ''[[Adevãrul|Adevărul]]'' (in Romanian). Archived from [https://adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/serial-boieri-mari-episodul-10-familia-callimachi-scarlat-sange-boier-minte-comunist-1_58cd2acd5ab6550cb8732259/index.html the original] on 20 March 2017.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)]]</ref> N'akụkụ nne ya, o sitere na ezinụlọ Callimachi nke Phanariotes (nke bụkwa Greco-Romanian ), usoro nna ochie sitere na Eufrosina Callimachi, ada ''Hospodar'' Scarlat Callimachi . <ref name="boieri" /> Rukmini gbanwere aha ikpeazụ ya ka ọ bụrụ Callimachi iji sọpụrụ ihe nketa a. <ref name="boieri" /> Rukmini Sichitiu hapụrụ Romania na 1979 mgbe ọ dị afọ ise. Nne ya na nne nne ya akpọrọla ya njem na [[Switzerland|Swizaland]], ebe ha gbapụrụ. Nna Rukmini nọgidere na Bucharest iji belata enyo na n'ikpeazụ sonyere ha na 1980. <ref name="boieri">{{Cite news|url=https://adevarul.ro/cu''''''Mkpúrù èdè íke'''''''Mkpurụ okwu sélénsé'''''''ltura/istorie/serial-boieri-mari-episodul-10-familia-callimachi-scarlat-sange-boier-minte-comunist-1_58cd2acd5ab6550cb8732259/index.html|first=Laurențiu|author=Ungureanu|title=Serial ''Boieri mari'', Episodul 10: Familia Callimachi. Scarlat, sânge de boier, minte de comunist|work=[[Adevărul]]|date=2017-03-18|language=Romanian}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFUngureanu2017">Ungureanu, Laurențiu (18 March 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320212431/https://adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/serial-boieri-mari-episodul-10-familia-callimachi-scarlat-sange-boier-minte-comunist-1_58cd2acd5ab6550cb8732259/index.html "Serial ''Boieri mari'', Episodul 10: Familia Callimachi. Scarlat, sânge de boier, minte de comunist"]. ''[[Adevãrul|Adevărul]]'' (in Romanian). Archived from [https://adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/serial-boieri-mari-episodul-10-familia-callimachi-scarlat-sange-boier-minte-comunist-1_58cd2acd5ab6550cb8732259/index.html the original] on 20 March 2017.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)]]</ref> Dị ka ọ na-echeta, ọ na-esiri ya ike ịbanye n'obodo Switzerland. Afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, nne na nna ya kewara. Mgbe nna ya nọrọ na Lausanne, Rukmini na nne ya hapụrụ Ojai, California, ebe Rukmini gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị. <ref name="boieri" /> O mechara gụchaa akwụkwọ na The Oak Grove School na The Thacher School, ha abụọ na Ojai, California . O nwetara diplọma na Dartmouth College na site na Exeter College na Mahadum Oxford, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmụta asụsụ . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/articles/beat-terror|title=The Beat of Terror|author=Reid|first=Stuart|date=Jul-Aug 2015|work=Dartmouth Alumni Magazine|accessdate=2018-07-09}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Dakars_Mamelles_(5824544243).jpg|thumb| Deux Mamelles si n'ebe dị anya, na ihe ncheta African Renaissance n'aka ekpe, Les Mamelles Lighthouse n'aka nri, na [[Senegal]], ebe Callimachi kọrọ.]] == Na-arụ ọrụ == === Akụkọ === * {{Cite news|url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AF_GABON_ELECTION?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT|title=Gabon casts first votes after dictator's death|date=30 August 2009|archive-date=22 April 2023|access-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422132930/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AF_GABON_ELECTION?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT|url-status=dead}}   * {{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2009/08/09/opium_addictions_grip_afghan_families_villages/?rss_id=Boston.com+--+World+news|title=Opium addictions grip families in Afghanistan's remote villages|date=9 August 2009|work=The Boston Globe|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204057/http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2009/08/09/opium_addictions_grip_afghan_families_villages/?rss_id=Boston.com+--+World+news|archive-date=3 March 2016|access-date=8 October 2024|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news|url=http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1017345&lang=eng_news&cate_img=logo_world&cate_rss=WORLD_eng|title=Afghan women candidates campaign in burqas|date=30 July 2009|work=The Taiwan News|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074510/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1017345&lang=eng_news&cate_img=logo_world&cate_rss=WORLD_eng|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news|url=http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=982891&lang=eng_news&cate_img=317.jpg&cate_rss=news_Features|title=Ruler with 45 homes among world's most corrupt|date=22 June 2009|work=The Taiwan News}} * {{Cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/%27Gabon+weeps%27+for+strongman+despite+lost+riches-a01611905866|title='Gabon weeps' for strongman despite lost riches|work=FreeLibrary|date=20 June 2009}} * {{Cite news|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/12007/Somali-pirates-held-after-attack.5214887.jp|title=Somali pirates held after attack off the Seychelles|date=29 April 2009|work=The Scotsman}}   * {{Cite book|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jul/21/schoolsworldwide.schools|title=When the lights go out, students take off to airport|date=21 July 2007|location=London|accessdate=23 May 2010|author=Callimachi|first=Rukmini}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-may-15-adna-helensvic15-story.html|title=Mt. St. Helens' Victims Remembered|date=15 May 2005|work=The Los Angeles Times|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi|accessdate=23 May 2010}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-nov-26-fi-soccer26-story.html|title=Adidas Feeling Pressure From Nike on Home Turf|date=26 November 2004|work=The Los Angeles Times|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi|accessdate=23 May 2010}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-23-fi-calbanks23-story.html|title=Banks Look to Cash In by Providing Personal Touches|date=23 August 2004|work=The Los Angeles Times|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi|accessdate=23 May 2010}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-18-fi-rv18-story.html|title=All the Comforts of Home|date=18 August 2004|work=The Los Angeles Times|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi|accessdate=23 May 2010}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-may-10-fi-grass10-story.html|title=Bioengineered Grass Is Cause for Growing Concern|date=10 May 2004|work=The Los Angeles Times|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi|accessdate=23 May 2010}} * {{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,97120,00.html|title=Tremor Mortis|author=Tim McGirk|date=29 January 2001|work=Time|archive-date=28 July 2012|access-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728022820/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,97120,00.html|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/world/americas/isis-online-recruiting-american.html|title=ISIS and the Lonely Young American|date=27 June 2015|work=The New York Times|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/podcasts/caliphate-isis-rukmini-callimachi.html|title=Caliphate|date=2018|work=The New York Times|first=Rukmini|author=Callimachi}} === Abụ === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120423120149/http://www.keats-shelley.co.uk/the%20anatomy%20of%20wildflowers.html "The Anatomi of Wildflowers", ''Keats Shelley''] == Hụkwa == * Islam extremism * Ndị America Romania == Ntụaka == anọ ka e mesịrị, nne na nna ya kewara. Mgbe nna ya nọrọ na Lausanne, Rukmini na nne ya hapụrụ{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 19slauqtrezeo7ko51lsy1rbcjaxted 0 53348 728382 191275 2026-09-27T02:32:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Shenan Chuang''' ( Chinese : 莊淑芬) bụ onye ọchụnta ego Taiwan. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Greater [[China]] . Na 2013, a kpọrọ ya aha otu n'ime ''Forbes Asia'' "Women in the Mix". <ref name="FA1">{{Cite web|title=Asia's Women In The Mix, 2013: The Year's Top 50 for Achievement In Business|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesasia/2013/02/27/asias-women-in-the-mix-2013-the-years-top-50-for-achievement-in-business/|work=[[Forbes Asia]]|accessdate=5 March 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesasia/2013/02/27/asias-women-in-the-mix-2013-the-years-top-50-for-achievement-in-business/ "Asia's Women In The Mix, 2013: The Year's Top 50 for Achievement In Business"]. ''[[Forbes Asia]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Forbes1">{{Cite web|title=Shenan Chuang|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45ehfi/shenan-chuang/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305064230/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45ehfi/shenan-chuang/|archivedate=5 March 2013|work=Forbes Asia's 50 Women In the Mix|accessdate=5 March 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Forbes Asia's 50 Women In the Mix''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305064230/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45ehfi/shenan-chuang/ the original] on March 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Chuang malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Taiwan . <ref name="USC1" /> Na 1995, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather na Taiwan. Ọ ghọrọ CEO nke Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Taipei na 2000. ''Forbes'' kelere Chuang maka "inyere aka gbanwee ụlọ ọrụ [[Advertising|mgbasa ozi]] nke ala," na China. <ref name="Forbes1"/> Taa, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka CEO nke Ogilvy & Mather Greater China. O nwekwara ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, O Gallery, nke ya na ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ na Beijing . <ref name="SCMP1">{{Cite web|author=Mo|first=Maureen|title=Shenan Chuang: 'I have to learn to relax'|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/1075311/shenan-chuang-i-have-learn-relax|work=XXIV Twenty-Four|publisher=[[South China Morning Post]]|accessdate=5 March 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMo">Mo, Maureen. [http://www.scmp.com/article/1075311/shenan-chuang-i-have-learn-relax "Shenan Chuang: 'I have to learn to relax'"]. ''XXIV Twenty-Four''. [[South China Morning Post]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> A gbara Chuang ajụjụ ọnụ dabere na mmasị ya na ọchịchọ ya ịhụ ka ụmụ nwanyị nwetakwuo ike n'ebe ọrụ. <ref name="USC1">{{Cite web|author=Lu|first=Yang|title=Shenan Chuang's "She" Era of Ogilvy &Mather Greater China|url=http://ascportfolios.org/chinaandmedia/2011/03/12/shenan-chuang%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cshe%E2%80%9D-era-of-ogilvy-mather-greater-china/|work=USC Annenberg China Media|publisher=USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism|accessdate=5 March 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLu">Lu, Yang. [http://ascportfolios.org/chinaandmedia/2011/03/12/shenan-chuang%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cshe%E2%80%9D-era-of-ogilvy-mather-greater-china/ "Shenan Chuang's "She" Era of Ogilvy &Mather Greater China"]. ''USC Annenberg China Media''. USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="SCMP1" /> Na 2010 na 2011, Chuang bụ otu n'ime ''Fortune China's'' "Top 25 Business Women in China." <ref name="SCMP1"/> <ref name="NYT1">{{Cite web|title=Women Move Into Asia's Corner Offices|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/07/world/asia/women-in-asias-corner-offices.html?_r=0|work=The Female Factor|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=5 March 2013}}</ref> Akpọrọ ya aha "Onye isi nke afọ" site na ''Mgbasa Ozi Asian Pacific'' na 2010. <ref name="USC1"/> Na 2013, a kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ''Forbes Asia'' "Women in the Mix". <ref name="FA1"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na Taiwan. <ref name="SCMP1"/> == Ntụaka == ala," na China. [1] Taa, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka CEO nke Ogilvy & Mather Greater China. O{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] av0o1hgpqzrr7hvufz48u8jb5id14r5 0 53574 728422 364767 2026-09-27T06:46:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thelma Aldana 2016 cropped.jpg|thumb|Thelma Aldana]] '''Thelma Esperanza Aldana Hernández''' ( ; amụrụ 27 Septemba 1955) bụ onye ọka iwu Guatemalan na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị onye jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu site na 2011 ruo 2012 yana dịka onye ọka iwu izugbe site na 2014 ruo 2018. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Thelma Aldana na Gualán, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Guatemala, na 1955. Ọ bụ ada Humberto Aldana Vidal, onye na-eje ozi n'ebe a na-ere ọgwụ, na Marta Julia Hernández Garza, onye nkụzi ime obodo.[1] Na 1982 Aldana gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ọkàiwu na notary degree na Mahadum San Carlos na Quetzaltenango. O nwere nzere Masters na iwu obodo na usoro. == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na 1981 dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ n'ụlọ ikpe ezinụlọ dị na Quetzaltenango . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Licda. Thelma Esperanza Aldana Hernández|url=http://www.oj.gob.gt/csj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=124&itemid=106|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819033958/http://www.oj.gob.gt/csj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=124&itemid=106|archivedate=19 Aug 2016|accessdate=17 Apr 2023|work=Organismo Judicial de Guatemala}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jaramillo|first=Velia|date=2017-08-23|title=Thelma Aldana, la fiscal más Desafiante|url=https://www.estrategiaynegocios.net/lasclavesdeldia/thelma-aldana-la-fiscal-mas-desafiante-FBEN1101334|accessdate=20 July 2022|work=Estrategia y Negocios (E&N)|archivedate=2022-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720165221/https://www.estrategiaynegocios.net/lasclavesdeldia/thelma-aldana-la-fiscal-mas-desafiante-FBEN1101334}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=7 March 2017|title=Thelma Aldana narra anécdota de cuando fue conserje en un juzgado|work=Soy502|url=https://www.soy502.com/articulo/aldana-recuerda-anos-como-conserje-inauguracion-secretaria-29974|accessdate=20 July 2022}}</ref> N'afọ 1999, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe. <ref name=":1" /> N'afọ 2009, ọ ghọrọ onye ọka iwu n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu site na 2011-2012. N'afọ 2014, ọ nọchiri Claudia Paz na Paz dị ka onye ọka iwu Guatemala. Ọ lụrụ di.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2014/05/guatemala-s-attorney-general|title=Guatemala's attorney-general|date=22 May 2014|work=The Economist}}</ref> === Ụlọikpe maka ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị === N'afọ 2011, mgbe ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, Aldana malitere ụlọikpe pụrụ iche na Guatemala maka ikpe ụmụ nwanyị. Igbu ụmụ nwanyị, na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị juru ebe niile na Guatemala; kwa afọ, a na-enwe nkezi 56,000 akụkọ banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị.[1] Mpaghara iri na otu nwere ụlọ ikpe pụrụ iche ugbu a. Ndị ọka ikpe na ndị uwe ojii na-anata ọzụzụ gbasara mpụ nwoke na nwanyị pụrụ iche. === Ịlụso nrụrụ aka ọgụ === Na 2015 Aldana mere nyocha ọzọ gbasara nrụrụ aka gọọmentị.[1] N'ime nke a, ya na Kọmịshọna nke UN International Commission megide nhụsianya na Guatemala (CICIG), Iván Velásquez Gómez jikọrọ aka. N’ihi ya, Onye isi ala Guatemala, Otto Pérez Molina, manyere ịgba arụkwaghịm. == Mgbasa ozi maka onye isi ala == N'afọ 2019, Aldana banyere na ntuli aka onye isi ala, na-eme mkpọsa na ikpo okwu nke mgbochi nrụrụ aka na otu ọhụrụ Semilla. Otú ọ dị, na 15 Mee, Ụlọikpe Iwu jụrụ ịzọ ọkwa onye isi ala, ebe ọ bụ na e boro ya ebubo nrụrụ aka, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nweghị ihe akaebe e nyere. Ekwenyere na ebubo ndị ahụ ka e nyere iji kwụsị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ya na onye ga-abụ onye isi ala ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/guatemala-awaits-ruling-can-popular-anti-corruption-crusader-run-for-president/2019/05/14/8ec59356-7516-11e9-a7bf-c8a43b84ee31_story.html?noredirect=on|title=Guatemala court rules popular anti-corruption crusader ineligible to run for president|author=Cuffe|first=Sandra|date=15 May 2019|work=Washington Post|accessdate=16 May 2019}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == Na 2015 Aldana meriri ihe nrite Jaime Brunet maka nkwalite ikike mmadụ site na Mahadum Ọha na Navarra. Ihe nrite ahụ bụ maka ọrụ ọ rụrụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị, imegide ime ihe ike nwoke na nwanyị, na maka ikike ụmụ amaala, yana imegide nrụrụ aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ihe nrite ahụ bụ euro 36,000. N'afọ 2016, onye odeakwụkwọ nke US State nyere ya onyinye International Women of Courage Award.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134819/http://www.centralamericanetwork.org/blog-en/?p=170 Guatemala’s Women: Moving Their Country Forward « Central America Network], centralamericanetwork.org</ref> N'afọ 2018, e nyere ya onyinye Right Livelihood Award ya na Iván Velásquez Gómez maka "ọrụ ọhụrụ ha [na CICIG] n'ịkpọlite iji ike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na ikpe nrụrụ aka, si otú a wughachi ntụkwasị obi ndị mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180925154651/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/09/24/3-saudi-human-rights-activists-awarded-alternative-nobel.html 3 Saudi human rights activists awarded "Alternative Nobel"], JAN M. OLSEN, [[Fox News]], September 24, 2018</ref> == Hụkwa == * Beatriz Ofelia de León - Onye isi nwanyị mbụ nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Guatemala * Silvia Valdés - Onye isi nwanyị nke atọ nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Guatemala * María Consuelo Porras - Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Guatemala * Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọfịs ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na North America == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-legal}} {{s-bef|before=[[Claudia Paz y Paz]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Attorney General of Guatemala]]|years=2014–2018}} {{s-aft|after=[[María Consuelo Porras]]}} {{s-bef|before=Luis Arturo Archila}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Guatemala|President of the Supreme Court of Justice]]|years=2011–2012}} {{s-aft|after=Gabriel Antonio Medrano}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|party}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Semilla (Guatemala)|Semilla Movement]] nominee for<br />[[President of Guatemala]]|years=[[2019 Guatemalan general election|2019]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Bernardo Arévalo]]}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box|title=[[United Nations Convention against Corruption|President of United Nations Convention]]<br />[[United Nations Convention against Corruption|against Corruption]]|before=[[Aleksandr Konovalov (politician, born 1968)|Aleksandr Konovalov]]|after=[[María Consuelo Porras]]|years=2017–2018}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] amwa7em3s5s8pt8hp8x19xx4l9if7wy 0 53759 728400 364628 2026-09-27T04:29:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728400 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Stina Gardell''' (amụrụ 28 Maachị 1990 na [[Stockholm]] ) bụ onye na-egwu mmiri n'egwuregwu Olympic nke Sweden. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/stina-gardell-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213025227/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/stina-gardell-1.html|archivedate=2012-12-13|title=Stina Gardell Bio, Stats, and Results|work=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20121213025227/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/stina-gardell-1.html the original] on 17 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ gbara mmiri maka Sweden na 2012 na 2016 Olympics . <ref name="OlympicBotGeneratedRef">{{Cite web|title=Stina Gardell|url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/gardell-stina-1046554/|work=London2012.com|publisher=[[The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Limited]]|accessdate=13 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913101108/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/gardell-stina-1046554/|archivedate=13 September 2012}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> Ọ na-aga mahadum, wee na-egwu mmiri na Mahadum Southern California nke USA. <ref>[http://www.usctrojans.com/sports/w-swim/mtt/stina_gardell_723950.html Gardell's bio] from usctrojans.com; retrieved 2013-05-20.</ref> N'egwuregwu Olimpik nke afọ 2012 ọ gụchara nke iri na anọ n'asọmpị 400 nke ụmụ nwanyị na 20th na asọmpi 200 m n'otu n'otu. N'egwuregwu Olimpik nke afọ 2016 ọ kwụsịrị na 20th na asọmpi 200 m n'otu n'otu. <ref name=":0"/> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}na 20th na asọmpi 200 m{{DEFAULTSORT:Gardell, Stina}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0fxljlvsg8591sdebw4zbfb3hqwp4gi 0 53913 728398 708959 2026-09-27T04:12:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Stellah Wairimu Bosire''', bụ dọkịta Kenya, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ, onye na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na onye edemede, onye bụbu onye na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ nke Uhai Eashri ma bụrụ onye isi ọrụ nke ''Kenya Medical Association'' na dịka osote onye isi oche nke HIV na AIDS. Ụlọ ikpe nke Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/uhaieashri/docs/board_communication_cr|title=Uhai Eashri Board update July 2022 by UHAI Communications|work=Issuu|date=30 September 2022}}</ref> == Nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ ya wee tolite na Kibera, bụ mkpọmkpọ ebe kacha na Nairobi, isi obodo Kenya na obodo kacha ukwuu. Stellah bụ nwa akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Kibera mana ọ nọdụrụ ala maka Asambodo Mmụta Primarị nke Kenya na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Joseph Kang'ethe. O nwere ihe ịma aka nwata ebe ọ nọrọla akụkụ ka mma nke ndụ ya dị ka nwatakịrị na-enweghị ebe obibi na-ekpughere ya mmebi iwu dị iche iche gụnyere ime ihe ike mmekọahụ nke ọ bụ onye lanarịrịnụ. Ọgwụ ọjọọ na mmanya riri ya ahụ́ mgbe ọ ka na-eto eto. Nne Stellah nwere schizophrenia, ya mere ọ chọrọ enyemaka dị nso n'aka ụmụ ya. Nne ya nwụrụ site na nje HIV / AIDS metụtara nsogbu na 2011. <ref name="Data">{{Cite web|url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|date=2017|title=Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya|accessdate=23 November 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf "Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nairobi: [[Otu Mgbasa Ozi Mba|Nation Media Group]]. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ dabara nke ọma ịbanye na "State House Girls High School", na Nairobi maka agụmakwụkwọ O-Level ya, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2003. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ A-Level ya, a nabatara ya na Mahadum Nairobi ka ọ mụọ ọgwụ mmadụ, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2012 na Bachelor of Medicine na Bachelor of Surgery degree. O mechara nweta nzere Master of Science in Global Health Policy, na Mahadum London International Programs, na 2017. Ọ na-ejidekwa mmemme nzere [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|Master of Business Administration]] na Strathmore Business School, yana dịka nke 2017, edebanye aha ya maka nzere bachelọ iwu, nzere na Mahadum Nairobi. Ọ na-ejidekwa diploma na Health Reproductive, nwetara site na [https://www.gfmer.ch/ Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research], na 2016. <ref name="Data"/> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|date=23 November 2017|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-stellah-wairimu-bosire-otieno-3a18273b/|title=Dr. Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno: Chief Executive Officer, Kenya Medical Association|accessdate=23 November 2017|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|author=Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFStellah_Wairimu_Bosire-Otieno2017">Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno (23 November 2017). [https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-stellah-wairimu-bosire-otieno-3a18273b/ "Dr. Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno: Chief Executive Officer, Kenya Medical Association"]. [[LinkedIn]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> == Ahụmịhe ọrụ == Dr. Stellah Bosire bụ ọkachamara ahụike nke nwere ahụmahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na nke ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị mba ọzọ, ndị na-enye onyinye onwe ha, na òtù ndị ọzọ na-enyocha ma na-atụle mmemme ahụike ọha na eze, na-eduzi nchọpụta ọrịa na ọrịa; na-atụle mmetụta nke usoro ọhụrụ maka igbochi ọrịa, ọgwụgwọ na mbelata; na akwụkwọ mmepụta ihe omume, ịdị irè, na atụmatụ mmepe. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|url=https://uhai-eashri.org/about-us/|title=About Uhai Eashri: Who We Are|publisher=Uhai Eashri|date=1 March 2021|accessdate=1 March 2021|archivedate=22 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122073933/https://uhai-eashri.org/about-us/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Nairobi: Uhai Eashri. 1 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> O nwere ahụmịhe siri ike na ntinye ego na njikwa anaghị akwụ ụgwọ; Ahụmahụ pụtara ìhè na-eduga mgbanwe na uto nhazi nke ọma site na atụmatụ atụmatụ; ihe ọmụma pụrụ iche nke onye ndu ndị ọrụ, ịkpakọta ego, mmepe mmekọrịta, na njikwa ego; Ọmụma nke ọma banyere nsogbu ndị obodo na-adịghị ike chere ihu; Ọkachamara n'idu na inyere otu ndị ọrụ aka; Ikike imepụta na mejuputa mmemme nnabata ego dị irè; Ikike inye nkwado ikpe, jikọọ ndị na-enye onyinye na ịkwado inye ihe. <ref name="1R"/> Dịka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, ọ bụ ọkachamara na mmepe nhazi na njikwa dabere na nsonaazụ ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, gọọmentị mba dị iche iche, ndị ọrụ enyemaka ọha na nke onwe, INGO, CBOs, na gọọmentị iji wulite ikike n'ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na ikike ụmụ nwanyị yana ndị ọzọ a kpagburu. obodo. Ọ na-eme nyocha nke nwoke na nwanyị, na-enyocha site na ọkwa dị elu (obere ọkwa), ọkwa etiti (ogo Meso), ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kachasị elu (macro-level), na mpaghara niile na mmemme nke mmekorita mmepe. O tinyekwala aka n'ịme nkọwa amụma, nyocha, nyocha ọrụ, na ọmụmụ nyocha, na nyocha ntọala na mpaghara ndị a; Mmekọahụ na ikike ịmụ nwa (SRHR); HIV; TB; Ikike mmadụ; Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ; Ahụike Ọha; Ọzụzụ na okike bụ isiokwu na-agafe agafe. <ref name="ResR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017-05-13-most-kids-wake-up-early-for-school-miss-breakfast/|title=Most kids wake up early for school, miss breakfast|date=13 May 2017|author=John Muchangi|accessdate=2 March 2021}}</ref> Na mbụ, mgbe ọ gụchara ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Gọọmenti Kenya otu afọ tupu ọ kwaga ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe. Ọ bụ Avenue Healthcare were ya n'ọrụ, netwọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ngwa ngwa, dịka onye njikwa dibịa na-ewere ọchịchị nke alaka dị iche iche. Kemgbe Septemba 2013, Dr. Bosire-Otieno abụrụla osote onye isi oche nke Ụlọikpe HIV/AIDS nke Kenya. N'ọrụ a, ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ikike mmadụ na ịnweta ikpe ziri ezi maka ndị [[HIV/AIDS|nje HIV / AIDS]] metụtara ma butere ya. Na 2016, ọ hapụrụ Avenue Healthcare ka ọ tinye aka na amụma nlekọta ahụike ọha na Kenya site n'iwere ọrụ nke onye isi nchịkwa nke Association Medical Kenya. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa na odeakwụkwọ nke Board of Kenya Medical Association, nkwado ụlọ ọrụ na otu ndụmọdụ. <ref name="Data"/> <ref name="Bio"/> Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a na Council Advisory Council maka [[ICS Africa|CFK Africa]], otu NGO na-eduga na-arụ ọrụ na ebe obibi ndị Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Our Team {{!}} Staff, Board, and Advisory Council|url=https://cfkafrica.org/our-team/|accessdate=2023-08-22|work=CFK Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Bosire bụ ruo Julaị 2022 otu n'ime ndị isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka UHAI EASHRI. == Edere akụkọ == 1. Ụgwọ ụlọ ọgwụ, njide na ugwu na ahụike, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202212270220.html|title=Africa: Hospital Debt, Detention and Dignity in Health|first=Dr Stellah|author=Bosire|work=Allafrica.com|date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619144853/https://allafrica.com/stories/202212270220.html|archive-date=19 June 2024|access-date=21 October 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2. Nyocha TB na Gender; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tuberculosis: A Gender Assessment in Kenya|url=https://stoptb.org/assets/documents/communities/CRG/TB%20Gender%20Assessment%20Kenya.pdf|work=stoptb.org|accessdate=March 10, 2023}}</ref> 3. Gbaa ụmụ agbọghọ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa iji chebe ha pụọ na ọrịa kansa cervical; <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/culture/dr-bosire-ezekiel-mutua-s-woes-were-painfully-predictable--3506260|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=Ezekiel Mutua's woes were painfully predictable|date=10 August 2021|work=Nation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBosire2021">Bosire, Stellah (10 August 2021). [https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/culture/dr-bosire-ezekiel-mutua-s-woes-were-painfully-predictable--3506260 "Ezekiel Mutua's woes were painfully predictable"]. ''Nation''.</cite></ref> 4. Ihe nkuzi maka Kenya sitere na omume US na nkwupụta nkwenye Geneva; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/wellness/bosire-saoyo-lessons-for-kenya-from-us-actions-on-geneva-consensus-declaration-3289814|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=Lessons for Kenya from US actions on Geneva Consensus Declaration|date=13 February 2021|work=Nation}}</ref> 5. Ọkpụkpụ na ngalaba ahụike; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/wellness/dr-bosire-the-skeletons-in-the-medical-field--3441580|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=The skeletons in the medical field|date=18 June 2021|work=Nation}}</ref> 6. Anyị na-ata ụta maka ọgba aghara ụlọ akwụkwọ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/family/bosire-and-muthuri-we-are-partly-to-blame-for-school-unrest-3618882|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=We are partly to blame for school unrest|date=14 November 2021|work=Nation}}</ref> 7. Inye aka na-ekere òkè, anyị nwere ike ghara ime ya? <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201803230189.html|title=Participatory grant-making, can we afford not to do it?}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBosire">Bosire, Stellah. [https://allafrica.com/stories/201803230189.html "Participatory grant-making, can we afford not to do it?"].</cite></ref> 8. Iwu mgbochi nwoke na nwanyị idina nwoke na-egbochi anyị inweta mkpuchi ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ; <ref name="auto"/> 9. Na-ama ihe ngwọta kuki-cutter aka maka enyemaka enyemaka; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alliancemagazine.org/blog/challenging-the-cookie-cutter-solutions-to-philanthropy/|title=Challenging the cookie cutter solutions to philanthropy - Alliance magazine|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|date=23 February 2019}}</ref> 10. Ihe Justice Kavanaugh pụtara maka Kenya: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://msmagazine.com/2018/10/23/kavanaugh-means-kenya/|title=What Kavanaugh Means for Kenya|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|date=23 October 2018}}</ref> 11. LGBTIQ+ ahụ ike bụ banyere ụzọ karịa mmekọahụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brightthemag.com/lgbtq-healthcare-is-about-way-more-than-sex-cefcc5bf3806|title=LGBTQ+ Healthcare Is About Way More Than Sex|date=19 June 2019|work=Medium|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|accessdate=21 October 2024|archivedate=8 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608095928/https://brightthemag.com/lgbtq-healthcare-is-about-way-more-than-sex-cefcc5bf3806}}</ref> 12. Olee otú mmekọahụ pests pụọ na igbu ọchụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001277389/how-sex-pests-easily-get-away-with-murder|title=How sex pests easily get away with murder|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|work=The Standard}}</ref> 13. Ahụhụ Mutua Ezikiel bụ nke a na-atụ n'anya nke ukwuu; <ref name="auto1"/> 14. Nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị Africa: <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/08/equality-for-african-women|title=Equality for African women|date=8 March 2019|work=The Guardian|first=Stellah|author=Bosire}}</ref> 15. Na-ebute ụzọ na ikike mmadụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theelders.org/news/taking-lead-human-rights|title=Taking the lead on Human Rights|work=theelders.org|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|date=2 November 2018}}</ref> 16. Ndị na-eme ihe ike n'ihu ihu nha anya nwoke na nwanyị; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.one.org/us/blog/open-letter-cosigners-2019/|title=These powerful activists are at the frontlines of gender equality|date=8 March 2019|work=One|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|accessdate=21 October 2024|archivedate=3 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603175512/https://www.one.org/us/blog/open-letter-cosigners-2019/}}</ref> 17. Ụdị agbụrụ dị iche iche na ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://matahari.global/insight/racial-diversity-in-global-health-initiative-announces-advisory-committee/|title=Racial Diversity in Global Health Initiative Announces Advisory Committee – Matahari Global Solutions|first=Stellah|author=Bosire}}</ref> == Echiche ndị ọzọ == N'afọ 2017, a kpọrọ ya aha n'etiti "Ụmụ nwanyị 40 kacha elu n'okpuru afọ 40 na Kenya", nke Business Daily Africa, akwụkwọ akụkọ azụmahịa na-asụ Bekee kwa ụbọchị. <ref name="Data"/> <ref name="AlumR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.strathmore.edu/news/sbs-students-and-alumnae-among-top-40-under-40-women/|title=SBS Students and Alumnae Among Top 40 Under 40 Women|date=2017|publisher=[[Strathmore University]]|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=1 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201124845/https://strathmore.edu/news/sbs-students-and-alumnae-among-top-40-under-40-women/}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya aha dị ka onye nnata nke Award International Leadership Award Accountability. Ihe nrite a, nke Accountability International na-enye kwa afọ, “bụ n'obi ka ewepụtara ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ pụrụiche n'ịkwalite aza ajụjụ na nzaghachi mba ụwa maka ikike mmadụ na mmepe na-adigide”. <ref name="AcctR">{{Cite news|work=Accountability International|url=https://accountability.international/about-us/aila/|title=Accountability International Leadership Award: 2019 Honouree, Dr Stella Bosire|date=September 2020|accessdate=24 September 2020}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, Queen nke England nyere ya onyinye Commonwealth Point of Light Award 2019. <ref name="Pol2019R">{{Cite web|date=2019|url=https://www.pointsoflight.gov.uk/dr-stellah-bosire-foundation-kenya/|title=Dr Stellah Bosire Foundation Kenya: Commonwealth Point of Light 119. Stellah Bosire|publisher=UK Points of Light|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=10 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210190120/https://www.pointsoflight.gov.uk/dr-stellah-bosire-foundation-kenya/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}  == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.kma.co.ke/ Weebụsaịtị nke Kenya Medical Association] * [https://issuu.com/uhaieashri/docs/board_communication_cr Ọkwa UHAI EASHRI] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] syjoanzs29kaaaq78kb2lb7ul36z1ih 0 54932 728374 642279 2026-09-27T01:55:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[idei mmiri]] nke Victoria nke afọ 2010 bụ usoro idei mmiri zuru ebe niile gafee steeti Victoria, Australia. Idei mmiri ahụ, nke sochiri nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gafee ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Australia na mbido Septemba 2010, kpatara idei mmiri nke ihe dị ka ụlọ 250, ọtụtụ narị ndị mmadụ na ọtụtụ nde dollar nke mmebi.<ref name="Army to evacuate">{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Army to evacuate Victorian flood victims|date=5 September 2010|work=ABC News|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/05/3002955.htm?section=justin|accessdate=6 September 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101111023506/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/05/3002955.htm?section=justin "Army to evacuate Victorian flood victims"]. ''ABC News''. 5 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Floods, landslides">{{Àtụ:Cite news|author=Tippet, Gary|title=Floods, landslides, chaos across state|date=5 September 2010|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/floods-landslides-chaos-across-state-20100904-14vd5.html|accessdate=6 September 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTippet,_Gary2010">Tippet, Gary; et&nbsp;al. (5 September 2010). [http://www.smh.com.au/environment/floods-landslides-chaos-across-state-20100904-14vd5.html "Floods, landslides, chaos across state"]. ''The Sydney Morning Herald''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> A malitere ịdọ aka ná ntị ihu igwe maka Victoria na Thursday 2 September na mmiri ozuzo malitere ịda na Friday, na-aga n'ihu na ngwụsị izu ruo Tuesday. Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo dara n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke steeti ahụ, ọkachasị n'ebe dị elu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke steeti, na-ekpuchi elu nke ọtụtụ nnukwu osimiri Victoria. E kwupụtara ọnọdụ mberede na ndị ọrụ State Emergency Service si Queensland, South Australia na Tasmania.<ref name="rbfp">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/victoria/regions-brace-for-flooding-peak-20100906-14y0i.html|title=Regions brace for flooding peak|author=David Rood, Paul Millar|accessdate=8 September 2010|date=7 September 2010|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Fairfax Media}}</ref> Idei mmiri ahụ gara n'ihu n'oge ọkọchị dị ukwuu nke metụtara Australia dum. Ọ bụ ezie na idei mmiri ahụ jupụtara ebe niile, na-eme ka ọtụtụ osimiri buru ibu, obere idei mmiri mere n'obodo ukwu. Melbourne nọgidere na-emetụtaghị ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nnukwu obodo mpaghara, dị ka Ballarat, Benalla na ndị ọzọ, nwere idei mmiri. Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri ahụ na-esonyere ifufe nke ruru 110 km / h (68 mph) na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke steeti na mpaghara ọwụwa Anyanwụ Melbourne. &nbsp;&nbsp;E dekọrọ mmiri ozuzo kachasị elu na Mount Buffalo, na 180 mm (7.08 in) edere n'etiti Saturday na Sunday (4 na 5 September). &nbsp;&nbsp;Ndị ọchịchị tụrụ anya na mmiri ozuzo ga-agbadata, na-emetụta obodo na mpaghara ndị ọzọ n'ime ụbọchị ndị na-esonụ. A dụrụ ndị bi n'ógbè ndị ahụ metụtara ọdụ ka ha sie mmiri ha ma zere ịkwọ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ịgafe mmiri. == Obodo ndị metụtara == Na Skipton na steeti Western District, e tinyere ihe onwunwe 20 na nchebe, ebe na Central Highlands mmadụ 120 choro ebe mgbaba n'ụlọ nzukọ obodo na Creswick ma kpọpụ mmadụ 30 n'ogige ntụrụndụ na Clunes.<ref name="Army to evacuate" />{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Army to evacuate Victorian flood victims|date=5 September 2010|work=ABC News|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/05/3002955.htm?section=justin|accessdate=6 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="Floods, landslides" /> N'ebe ugwu Victoria, e zigara ndị uwe ojii 150 ọzọ na ndị ọrụ nchekwa 50 iji nyere aka na mwepụ na sandbagging. Ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị n'akụkụ mmiri ndị dị n"osimiri ahụ nwere idei mmiri site na Fraịdee 3 gaa n'ihu. Obodo ndị na-esonụ kacha emetụta, ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo ruru n'ókè na mgbe idei mmiri mere ka a na-egosi: * Bairnsdale - ọ dị n'elu? * Ballarat - idei mmiri na-eme n'abalị Fraịdee * Benalla - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na Satọdee - ụlọ 70 gbapụrụ * Bendigo - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu n'ụtụtụ Satọdee * Bright - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu Friday/Saturday? - e wepụrụ ya nwa oge * Charlton - ruru n'isi ụtụtụ Sunday 5th<ref name="Army to evacuate"/> * Clunes - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na Friday/Saturday? - A kpọpụrụ mmadụ iri atọ n'ogige ntụrụndụ * Creswick - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu n'ụtụtụ Satọdee / n'ehihie * Donald - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu Tuesday/Wednesday? * Euroa - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na Satọdee * Glenorchy - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu? <ref name="Drought breaks">{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Drought breaks at last, as Victoria floods|date=6 September 2010|publisher=ABC Rural|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/content/201009/s3002960.htm|accessdate=6 September 2010}}</ref> * Horsham - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu Tuesday/Wednesday? * Maryborough - ọ dị n'elu? * Myrtleford - kacha elu na Satọdee? * Shepparton - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu Tuesday 7th * Skipton - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na Fraịdee / Satọdee - ụlọ 20 gbapụrụ * Obodo Violet - ruru n'ókè Saturday? * Wangaratta - ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu Tuesday 7th - ụlọ 60 gbapụrụ == Uru == Oke nnukwu mmiri ozuzu ahua butere otutu ur. Nke gunyere oge mmiri ekwe nzuta. Otutu obodo na ndi oru ugbo ometutara anaghi atazi ahuhu okochi. Ana ahukwa mmiri ahu dika Ihe kwesiri iji aka ya wuchapu onu Murray River, Ihe mebere de na mebeghi nke mgbe oge.<ref name="dgy">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/content/201009/s3007989.htm|title=Dams get a year's worth of water in a week|accessdate=10 September 2010|date=10 September 2010|work=[[ABC Rural]]|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>.<ref name="fbmbb">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/10/3007861.htm|title=Floods bring Murray back from the brink|author=Bronwyn Herbert|accessdate=10 September 2010|date=10 September 2010|work=[[ABC News Online]]|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> 3v9oomtj4ge1rgv9zivi66458mzfkep 0 54933 728234 628477 2026-09-26T14:52:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728234 wikitext text/x-wiki Oke ifufe nke Australian n'afo 2010, nke amara dika oke ifufe nke otutu oge gara aga bu otutu oke ifufe nke gazuru be southwestern western Australia na 21 and 22 march 2010. Oso n'otu ezigbo oke ifufe nke gafere obodo Perth site na 3:30pm ruo 5:00pm na Monday 22 march 2010. Na 2024, o bu Ihe mgberede meree onye ya amara mebere ihe ruru A$1.08 billion na akuku gara aga nke Australia . Oké ifufe ahụ wetara nnukwu akụ́ mmiri igwe, ifufe siri ike na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, na-akpata nnukwu mmebi na ụgbọala, ihe onwunwe na osisi, na idei mmiri, yana nnukwu mmiri ozu mbụ na Perth kemgbe 20 Nọvemba 2009.<ref name="abc">{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Perth reeling from freak storm|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=23 March 2010|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/22/2853076.htm|accessdate=27 March 2010}}</ref> akụ́ mmiri igwe bụ nke kachasị ukwuu a maara na ọ mere na Perth ma dị ihe dị ka 3-6 sentimita (1.2-2.4 in) n'obosara, nke kpatara nnukwu mmebi na ihe onwunwe gafee obodo ahụ, <ref name="bomstorm">{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Severe Thunderstorms in Perth and southwest WA|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|date=22 March 2010|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/wa/sevwx/perth_100322/perth_20100322.shtml|accessdate=2 April 2010}}</ref> gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọgwụ, mahadum na akụrụngwa ọkụ.<ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/wa/6978289/storm-our-most-expensive-natural-disaster/|title=Storm our most expensive natural disaster|author=MacDonald|first=Kim|work=[[The West Australian]]|date=25 March 2010|accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref> E dekọrọ ụfụfụ ifufe na ihe dị ka kilomita 120 kwa elekere (75 . <ref name="abc" /> N'oge kachasị elu, ihe dị ka ụlọ 158,000 na Perth, Mandurah na Bunbury tụfuru ike eletrik.<ref name="abc" /><ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/wa/6967981/90-000-homes-still-without-power/|title=90,000 homes still without power|work=[[The West Australian]]|date=23 March 2010|accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref> A kwụsịtụrụ ọrụ ekwentị na ọtụtụ puku ụlọ ruo n'ụbọchị na-esote, oké ifufe ahụ dugara na atụmatụ $ 200 nde nke mkpuchi mkpuchi n'ime ụbọchị atọ, na $ 70 nde n'ime awa 24 mbụ.   A chọpụtara ya dị ka ọdachi okike kachasị ọnụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Western Australia, ma kwupụta ya dị ka ihe ọdachi okpomọkụ site n'aka onye isi ala, Colin Barnett, na-enye ohere iji ego gọọmentị etiti na nke steeti mee ihe maka enyemaka ọdachi. <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/25/2855900.htm|title=Storm claims reach $200 million mark|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=25 March 2010|accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/wa-storms-victims-to-get-federal-help-20100324-qupz.html|title=WA storms victims to get federal help|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=24 March 2010|accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/without-power-as-storms-hit-mid-west-great-southern/story-e6frg12c-1225844121008|title=Premier calls for interstate SES help as storms hit country|work=[[PerthNow]]|date=23 March 2010|accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref> Oké ifufe ahụ wetara njedebe nke ogologo oge ọkọchị na Perth, na 40.2 milimita (1.58 in) nke mmiri ozuzo na-ada na Ugwu Lawley - mmiri ozuzo nke ise kachasị elu kwa ụbọchị e dekọrọ maka ụbọchị Machị na Perph.   Ihe karịrị ọkara nke a dara n'ime naanị nkeji iri.<ref name="bomstorm" />{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Severe Thunderstorms in Perth and southwest WA|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|date=22 March 2010|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/wa/sevwx/perth_100322/perth_20100322.shtml|accessdate=2 April 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605033605/http://www.bom.gov.au/wa/sevwx/perth_100322/perth_20100322.shtml "Severe Thunderstorms in Perth and southwest WA"]. Bureau of Meteorology. 22 March 2010. Archived from [http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/wa/sevwx/perth_100322/perth_20100322.shtml the original] on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Nke a bụ nnukwu mmiri ozuzo mbụ kemgbe 20 Nọvemba 2009; naanị 0.2 milimita (0.01 in) adaala n'oge ahụ dum. O yiri oké ifufe nke wakporo Melbourne na 6 Machị 2010. == Mmebi nke ụlọ == E mere ihe dị ka mkpuchi mmadụ 12,000 n'ime awa 24 mgbe oké ifufe ahụ gasịrị. A kọwapụtara mpaghara mebiri emebi site na loop site na Geraldton ruo Mandurah site na Cue, Merredin na Katanning. Otu izu mgbe oké ifufe ahụ gasịrị, e mere atụmatụ na ụgwọ mmebi ahụ ruru nde $ 650, ma ka na-arịgo, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọdachi kachasị ọnụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Western Australia.<ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/7007093/storm-was-most-expensive-catastrophe/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114062910/http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/7007093/storm-was-most-expensive-catastrophe|archivedate=2012-01-14|title=Storm WA's most expensive catastrophe – The West Australian}}</ref>  A kpọpụrụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 100 n'ụlọ ndị dị nso na Kings Park na etiti Perth mgbe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo kpatara nnukwu apịtị.<ref name="abc" />{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Perth reeling from freak storm|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=23 March 2010|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/22/2853076.htm|accessdate=27 March 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100325080228/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/22/2853076.htm "Perth reeling from freak storm"]. [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]. 23 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na mpaghara ugwu Perth emegheghị na 23 Machị n'ihi nnukwu mbibi nke oké ifufe. Dị ka Ngalaba Mmụta si kwuo, e mebiri ihe dị ka pasent 70 nke klas na Ocean Reef High School. Shenton College, Mindarie Senior College, Duncraig Senior High School, Tuart College na Heathridge Primary School mechikwara, dị ka Perth Modern School maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'afọ 8, 9 na 10.<ref name="abc" />{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Perth reeling from freak storm|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=23 March 2010|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/22/2853076.htm|accessdate=27 March 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100325080228/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/22/2853076.htm "Perth reeling from freak storm"]. [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]. 23 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> == Mmebi ụgbọ ala == Ọtụtụ iri puku ụgbọala mebiri n'ihi akụ́ mmiri igwe. Ọnụ ego nke idozi akụkụ ndị ahụ dị elu, n'ihi ọtụtụ narị ọkpụkpụ, ya mere ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị na-ekpuchi mmebi ahụ wepụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọala ndị a mebiri emebi. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ụgbọ ala ndị a nwere mmerụ ahụ n'elu ala, ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị na-erekarị ha mgbe e mere obere nrụzi, na-ahapụ akụkụ ndị ahụ na-enweghị nrụzi.<ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=https://www.thebelltowertimes.com/2010-hail/|title=IN FOCUS: 2010 Great Perth Storm & Hail Damaged Cars &#124; the Bell Tower Times|date=22 March 2023}}</ref> Oké ifufe ahụ wụda nnukwu akụ́ mmiri igwe na nnukwu ebe a na-ere ahịa ụgbọ ala Osborne Park na-emebi ọtụtụ nde dollar nke ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ na nke eji eme ihe (ma n'onwe ya ma n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè mgbe ụlọ mebiri <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.skylinesaustralia.com/forums/topic/312982-put-your-cars-away/page__st__20|title=Put Your Cars Away|date=22 March 2010}}</ref>) na Kwinana Freeway . <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.novafm.com.au/video/cracked-windscreen|title=cracked windscreen {{!}} NovaFM|accessdate=31 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311120941/http://www.novafm.com.au/video/cracked-windscreen|archivedate=11 March 2014}}</ref> sd512ccswa0ppr70gj4nu0fdutokvbb 0 54989 728373 642276 2026-09-27T01:55:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728373 wikitext text/x-wiki Bọmbụ nke September 2010 Lahore bụ usoro bọmbụ atọ gburu onwe ha nke mere na 1 Septemba 2010, na Lahore, Pakistan. <ref name="nyt20100901">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/02/world/asia/02pstan.html|title=Suicide Bombers in Pakistan Kill Dozens of Shiites|author=Gillani|first=Waqar|date=1 September 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="bbc20100901" /> egburu mmadu 38, Ihe kariri mmadu 250 meruru ahu mgbe ana acho iga na obodo Shia.<ref name="35killed250Injured">{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/multiple-blasts-in-lahore-35-killed-250-injured-48847|title=Multiple blasts in Lahore; 35 killed, 250 injured|publisher=[[NDTV]]|accessdate=2010-09-02}}</ref><ref name="xinhua20100901" /> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Pakistan nke nwere ọtụtụ Ndị Sunni ahụla mwakpo nke ịrọ òtù megide ndị pere mpe gụnyere ndị Shias bụ ndị mejupụtara ihe dị ka 20% nke ndị Pakistan. A na-eme atụmatụ na e gburu mmadụ 4,000 n'ime ime ihe ike okpukpe n'ime afọ iri gara aga.<ref name="afp20100901">{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gAZWGvebP5yD4-ADntMscQ7kV_RQ|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904045011/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gAZWGvebP5yD4-ADntMscQ7kV_RQ|archivedate=4 September 2010|title=Suicide blasts in Lahore kill 25, injure 180|author=Hussain|first=Waqar|date=1 September 2010|publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]]|accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref> Nke a bụ mwakpo nke atọ megide obodo nta ndị Lahore na 2010: na Mee, A wakporo ụlọ alakụba abụọ nke [[Ahmadiyya|Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]], na July, a wakpo obodo Sufi. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị Pakistan amachibido ọtụtụ òtù ndị agha iwu, ọtụtụ n'ime ha apụtala n'okpuru aha dị iche iche na ndị nkatọ na-ekwu na gọọmentụ na-achọghị ime ihe megide ha na-agba ha ume.<ref name="voa20100902">{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/Pakistan-Officials-Caution-Against-Large-Outdoor-Religious-Ceremonies-102091778.html|title=Pakistani Officials Caution Against Large Outdoor Religious Ceremonies|date=2 September 2010|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=2 September 2010}}</ref> Nkea bu mwakpo mbu di egwu mere na Pakistan nke mgbe nnukwu mmiri ozizo zoro na Pakistan n'afo 2010.<ref name="afp20100901" /> == Mwakpo == Mgbawa ahụ lekwasịrị anya na ngagharị nke ihe dị ka ndị Shia 35,000 iji mee emume ncheta ọnwụ Ali onye ha weere dị ka Imam mbụ ha.<ref name="bbc20100901">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11152128|title=Triple bomb blasts hit Lahore Shia procession|date=1 September 2010|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=1 September 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11152128 "Triple bomb blasts hit Lahore Shia procession"]. [[BBC]]. 1 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbawa atọ ahụ mere n'ime 2,000 feet (610 nke ibe ya.<ref name="CNN20100901">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/09/01/pakistan.lahore.bomb/?hpt=Sbin|title=Blasts rock Lahore; at least 28 dead|publisher=[[CNN]]|accessdate=1 September 2010|date=2 September 2010}}</ref> Mgbawa mbụ ahụ mere na mpaghara Karbala Gamay Shah n'elekere 6:50 nke ehihie n'oge mpaghara. Nke a sochiri mgbawa nke abụọ ihe dị ka nkeji iri abụọ na ise ka e mesịrị na Bhati [[wiktionary:chowk|chowk]]. Mgbawa nke atọ mere na Anarkali Bazaar ihe dị ka nkeji iri mgbe mgbawa nke abụọ gasịrị.<ref name="xinhua20100901">{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-09/01/c_13473891.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905004509/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-09/01/c_13473891.htm|archivedate=5 September 2010|title=Blasts lead to protest in Lahore, troops deployed to control situation|date=1 September 2010|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|accessdate=1 September 2010}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100905004509/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-09/01/c_13473891.htm "Blasts lead to protest in Lahore, troops deployed to control situation"]. [[Xinhua News Agency]]. 1 September 2010. Archived from [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-09/01/c_13473891.htm the original] on 5 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> A chọtara ozu ndị mmadụ atọ gburu onwe ha dịka isi mmalite gọọmentị si kwuo.<ref name="bbc20100901" />Ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụnụ rịrị elu ruo 38. === Ọrụ === Lashkar-e-Jhangvi kwuru na ọ bụ ya kpatara bọmbụ ahụ.<ref name="TNI20100901">{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/latest-news/620.htm|title=Lahore triple blasts leave 29 dead, over 200 injured|date=1 September 2010|work=[[The News International]]|accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref> == Ihe si na ya pụta == Mgbe mgbawa ahụ gasịrị, ìgwè mmadụ iwe wakporo ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii ma gbaa ụgbọala ọkụ nke mere ka Ndị Pakistan Rangers mee ka ha debe iwu na usoro.<ref name="xinhua20100901"/> Mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị, ndị ọchịchị gbara ndị mmadụ ume ka ha ghara inwe nzukọ okpukpe n'èzí.<ref name="voa20100902" />{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/Pakistan-Officials-Caution-Against-Large-Outdoor-Religious-Ceremonies-102091778.html|title=Pakistani Officials Caution Against Large Outdoor Religious Ceremonies|date=2 September 2010|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=2 September 2010}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007005336/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/Pakistan-Officials-Caution-Against-Large-Outdoor-Religious-Ceremonies-102091778.html "Pakistani Officials Caution Against Large Outdoor Religious Ceremonies"]. [[Voice of America]]. 2 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> == Mmeghachi omume == Gọọmentị mpaghara nyere iwu ka a na-eru uju ụbọchị atọ ma mechie ụlọ ọrụ niile nke onwe na nke ọha.<ref name="xinhua20100901"/> Praịm Minista Yousaf Raza Gillani katọrọ mwakpo ahụ ma kwe nkwa iwebata ndị mere ya n'ụlọ ikpe.<ref name="bbc20100901"/> Chief Minister nke Punjab Shahbaz Sharif kwupụtara nkwụghachi nke Rs 500,000 maka ndị nwụrụ na Rs 75,000 maka ndị merụrụ ahụ.<ref name="dawn20100902">{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/06-religious-procession-attacked-in-lahore-triple-terror-blasts-leave-27-dead-290-rs-02|title=Triple terror blasts in Lahore leave 27 dead|date=2 September 2010|publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|accessdate=2 September 2010}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo ọzọ gasịrị na Quetta ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Minista Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime Rehman Malik gwara ndị nta akụkọ na ndị agha chọrọ ime ka ọkụ nke ịrọ òtù na-eme ka gọọmentị ghara ịdị ike n'usoro mwakpo ndị agha megide ha. O kwukwara na Punjabi, dị ka Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, na al-Qaida na Tehrik-e-Taliban bụ otu.<ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Pakistani-Flooding-to-Affect-Fight-Against-Militants-102218169.html|title=Pakistani Flooding Impacts Fight Against Militants|date=3 September 2010}}</ref> 7nha7bkzq2rew0k6o0kidq3l3pzr9rh 0 55300 728308 195979 2026-09-26T20:11:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Lawyer_Ragia_Omran.jpg|thumb|Ọkaiwu Ragia Omran]] '''Ragia Omran''' (Arabic) bụ Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, onye ọka iwu na onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị. E nyere ya Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award. Ọ na-eme mkpọsa megide igbu ọkpụkpụ ụmụ nwanyị ma na-agbachitere ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge ngagharị iwe Arab Spring. <ref>0 {{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/talktojazeera/2013/03/2013330111515490735.html|title=Ragia Omran: Abused in Egypt|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|date=30 March 2013|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/25/middleeast/egypt-police-brutality/index.html|title=Five years after the Egyptian revolution, police brutality persists|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=26 January 2016|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/morsis-chaotic-day-in-court|title=Morsi's Chaotic Day in Court|publisher=[[The New Yorker]]|work=Peter Hessler|date=6 November 2013|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/24/why-was-he-killed-brutal-death-of-italian-student-in-egypt-confounds-experts|title=Why was he killed? Brutal death of Italian student in Egypt confounds experts|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 February 2016|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/12/03/egypt-judge-issues-mass-death-sentences|title=Egypt: Judge Issues Mass Death Sentences|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|date=3 December 2013|accessdate=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rfkhumanrights.org/what-we-do/partners-human-rights/2013-ragia-omran/|title=2013: Ragia Omran|publisher=Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights|accessdate=30 November 2017|archivedate=9 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309071728/http://rfkhumanrights.org/what-we-do/partners-human-rights/2013-ragia-omran/}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ragia Omran bụ onye ọka iwu Ijipt nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri abụọ nke ahụmịhe na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ na azụmahịa ego. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ anọ na Egyptian National Council for Human Rights. Ọ bụ onye guzobere "Front to Defend Egypt's Protesters" na "No to Military Trials for Civilians", otu abụọ na-enye enyemaka iwu pro bono na nkwado maka ezinụlọ nke ndị e jidere. Ọ bụkwa onye ọrụ afọ ofufo ogologo oge na Hisham Mubarak Law Center, nke na-enye enyemaka iwu n'efu maka ndị a tara ahụhụ na ndị a na-ejide n'amaghị ama. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọka iwu ụlọ ọrụ na nke ikike mmadụ, Ragia Omran bụ onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ọtụtụ òtù ọha na eze nke Ijipt. Site na 2005 ruo 2008 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke New Woman Foundation ma bụrụkwa onye otu Shayfeencom, otu na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nke na-enweghị uru nke lekwasịrị anya na nlekota ntuli aka na ngosipụta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/germany/events/article/franco-german-prize-for-human-rights-and-the-rule-of-law-04-12-17|title=Franco-German Prize for Human Rights and the Rule of Law (04.12.17)|author=étrangères|first=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires|work=France Diplomatie :: Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-13}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == A họpụtara Ragia Omran n'etiti ndị na-agbachitere ikike 15 si gburugburu ụwa iji nata onyinye Franco-German maka ikike mmadụ na ọchịchị iwu na Disemba 10, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/world-news/middle-east-dont-use/prominent-egyptian-lawyer-wins-european-human-rights-prize|title=Prominent Egyptian Lawyer Wins European Human Rights Prize|work=Voice of America|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113005332/https://www.voanews.com/world-news/middle-east-dont-use/prominent-egyptian-lawyer-wins-european-human-rights-prize|archive-date=2019-11-13|url-status=dead}}" Voice of America. Eweputara 2019-11-2013.</ref> == Ntụaka == # "Ragia Omran:mmegbu n'Ijipt". Al Jazeera. 30 Maachi 2013. ewepụtara 30 Novemba 2017. # "Afọ ise mgbe mgbanwe ndị Ijipt gasịrị, obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na-aga n'ihu". CNN. 26 Jenuwari 2016. Eweputara 30 Novemba 2017. # "ụbọchị Morsi chaotic n'ụlọ ikpe". Peter Hessler. The new Yorker. 6 Novemba 2013. Eweputara 30 Novemba 2017. # "Gịnị mere e ji gbuo ya? ọnwụ obi ọjọọ nke nwa akwụkwọ Ịtali na Egypt gbagwojuru onye ọkachamara anya". The Guardian. 24 Febuwari 2016. eweputara 30 Novemba 2017. # "Egypt: onye ọka ikpe na-ama ikpe ọnwụ ọtụtụ" Human Rights Watch. 3 Disemba 2013. eweputara 30 Novemba 2017. # "2013: Ragia Omran". Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. eweputara 30 Novemba 2017. # etrangeres, Ministere de I'Europe et des Affaires." Franco German Prize for Human Rights and the rule of law (04.12.17)" France ministri maka Europe na mba ofesi. eweputara 2019-11-13. # " {{Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award laureates}} icqd3zi79oysuy5uaxqjnn7yldiprx1 0 55595 728350 723533 2026-09-27T00:08:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saad Eddin Ibrahim, Agenda for the New Millennium Abu Dhabi 2009.jpg|thumb|Saad Eddin Ibrahim]] Saad Eddin Ibrahim (Arabic: سعد الدين إبراهيم, ) (31 Disemba 1938 - 29 Septemba 2023) bụ ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na onye edemede. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ na ndị na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Egypt na onye nkatọ siri ike nke onye isi ala Egypt mbụ Hosni Mubarak. == Akụkọ ndụ == Amụrụ na Bedeen, Mansoura, Egypt, a na-akwado Ibrahim ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-eduga na mweghachi nke ndị otu obodo gbadoro ụkwụ na nyocha nke Egypt. Maka ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ọkachamara ya, Ibrahim bụ onye prọfesọ na Mahadum America dị na Cairo (AUC) Department of Sociology, ebe ọ kụziiri nkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Indiana's DePauw University site na 1967 ruo 1974. Ọ bụ ọkachamara nleta nleta na UCLA na Los Angeles n'oge opupu ihe ubi. nke 1979, na ezumike site na AUC ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Arab Thought Forum, onye isi oche Crown Prince Hassan nke Jordan site na 1984 ruo 1989. O hiwere ma Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies na Cairo na Arab Organisation for Human Rights. Ọ lụrụ Barbara Ibrahim, onye nduzi nke Gerhart Center for Civic Engagement and Philanthropy na Cairo; ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Randa na Amir Ibrahim, na ụmụ ụmụ anọ, Lara na Seif (site na Randa) na Adam na Gebriel (site na Amir). Ogologo oge tupu ya na gọọmentị Ijipt na-ese okwu na mbido afọ 2000, Ibrahim aghọwo onye na-ese egwu na Ijipt. Ọ gbanwere nkatọ mbụ ya banyere Anwar Sadat maka atụmatụ udo ya na Israel. Ọ nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke ikike mmadụ na obodo obodo Ijipt maka ịkwado ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere Ndị Copt, Ndị Bahá'í. na ndị ọzọ pere mpe n'oge esemokwu nke ịrọ òtù na-arịwanye elu. E jidere Ibrahim, tụọ ya mkpọrọ ma kpụpụ ya n'afọ 2000 maka iji ego European Union maka Nlekọta ntuli aka, na maka ebubo na ọ na-emebi onyinyo Ijipt na mba ofesi. A mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ asaa. Ndị na-agbachitere ya zaghachiri na ezi ebumnuche gọọmentị kpụpụrụ Ibrahim na ndị na-enyere ya aka bụ nkatọ o ji obi ọjọọ katọọ Onye isi ala Hosni Mubarak na ọchịchị ya. E kpere ya ikpe ugboro abụọ n'otu ebubo ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Nchebe Steeti, na-emeri oge ọ bụla na mkpegharị ikpe. N'oge ikpe nke atọ n'ihu ụlọ ikpe obodo kachasị elu na 2003, e wepụrụ ya ebubo niile ma tọhapụ ya, mana ọ bụghị tupu oké ifufe nke mkpesa mba ụwa etinye ọchịchị Mubarak na nchebe.Mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu dị peeji 35 n'ogologo ma mee ka ọgụgụ dị mkpa. O kwuru na dị ka onye ọgụgụ isi ọha na eze, e chebere ihe odide Ibrahim na ọrụ obodo ndị ọzọ. O kpebikwara na ngalaba gọọmentị Ijipt agafeela ókèala ya n'ịkụ ikpe ahụ ugboro ugboro. Dị ka onye nwere ọgụgụ isi n'onwe ya, Ibrahim akwadowo ntuli aka ziri ezi mgbe a na-ele ha anya dị ka ndị na-ekwekọghị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ijipt, na-akwalite njikọ aka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke mba ụwa, ma na-anabata ego NGO site na isi iyi ọ bụla nwere ụkpụrụ udo na nke ọchịchị onye kwuo ike, gụnyere ndị nọ na US. A wakporo ya na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi gọọmentị maka ịkpọ oku na US Congress ka ha mee ka enyemaka agha ha nye Ijipt dị mma na ndekọ ikike mmadụ nke mba ahụ na ntọhapụ nke ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'afọ 2006, e nyere Ibrahim ihe nrite Ion Ratiu Democracy Lecture Prize na Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, ebe ọ bụbu onye ọkà mmụta iwu ọha na eze. O ritere ihe karịrị 20 ọzọ mba ụwa na mpaghara maka ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na nke ikike mmadụ. N'afọ 2007, Ibrahim ji aka ya gbaga mba ọzọ mgbe ọ nụrụ banyere iwe ọhụrụ Mubarak nwere maka ịhazi nzukọ mpaghara na Arab Democracy na Qatar, na maka ikwu okwu dị mkpirikpi banyere Ijipt na Onye isi ala George Bush mgbe ha abụọ kwuru okwu na nzukọ nke ndị agha nnwere onwe ụwa nke Vaclav Havel haziri na Prague. Ọ biri ma kụzie na mba ọzọ site na 2007 ruo mgbe Mubarak wepụrụ n'ọchịchị na Febụwarị 2011. N'ebe a chụgara ya, a kpọrọ Ibrahim ka ọ kụzie ọmụmụ ihe gụsịrị akwụkwọ maka ọnwa abụọ na Mahadum Ọdịbendị nke Istanbul, mgbe ahụ na 2008-2009 ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta na Indiana Law School na mgbe ahụ ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta nleta na Mahadụ Harvard, Center for Middle East Studies .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=22189|title=Newspaper Profiles Former Prof. Saad Ibrahim, Among World's "Most Prominent Human Rights Activists" - DePauw University|work=DePauw University|accessdate=14 March 2018|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213052/http://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=22189|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahadum Drew nabatara ya dị ka onye nkuzi Wallerstien na Center on Religion, Culture and Conflict site na 2009 ruo 2011. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drew.edu/crcc/about-the-center|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120728132248/http://www.drew.edu/crcc/about-the-center|archivedate=28 July 2012|title=About the Center {{!}} Center on Religion, Culture & Conflict {{!}} Drew University|language=en-US|accessdate=14 March 2018}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bi na mba ọzọ, ọ lara ezumike nká site na afọ 34 na ngalaba Sociology na Mahadum America dị na Cairo ma mee ya Prọfesọ Emeritus. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ede kọlụm kwa izu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ El Masry el Youm na ịme nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe kwa izu na Cairo na Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies (IKDS). == Okwu ikpe == N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2008, ụlọ ikpe Ijipt mara Ibrahim ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ abụọ maka 'ịkwutọrọ Ijipt'. E nyere ya mgbapụta nke £ E10,000 (US $ 1,890) na onye ọka iwu ya kwupụtara ọchịchọ ya ime mkpesa. A kọrọ na ọ bi n'ebe a chụgara ya n'èzí Ijipt, iji zere ijide ya mgbe ọ lọtara.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|authorlink=|title=Exiled Egyptian activist sentenced|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|date=2 August 2008|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2008/08/20088211650154352.html|doi=|accessdate=2 August 2008}}</ref> Ndị isi obodo dị nso na Ibrahim kọrọ na e tinyere ikpe ikpe 17 ọzọ megide ya na 2008 ya mere ọ ga-eche ụfọdụ njide ihu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ laghachi Ijipt. Na Wednesday, 5 August 2010, Ibrahim [http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/prominent-activist-returns-cairo] laghachiri Cairo maka nleta ya na ezinụlọ ya. A hapụrụ ya ka ọ banye ma pụọ, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ikpe ikpe ụgha megide ya ka a chụpụrụ n'ụlọ ikpe. Ọ laghachiri na Cairo na 12 Febụwarị 2011, n'ime awa ole na ole Mubarak hapụrụ ọrụ na ime emume mkpụrụ dị mkpirikpi nke mgbanwe nke Jenụwarị 25. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/morsis-bloodless-coup-spikes-the-armys-guns|title=Morsi's bloodless coup spikes the army's guns|work=The National|accessdate=14 March 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604072922/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/morsis-bloodless-coup-spikes-the-armys-guns|archive-date=4 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   * [[Asmaa Mahfouz]] * Kefaya * Ayman Nour - onye ndú mmegide Ijipt, onye guzobere Tomorrow PartyNzukọ echi * Nnupụisi na-enweghị ihe ike * Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Ijipt nke 2011 * Eprel 6 Òtù Ndị Ntorobịa {{Clear}} == Ihe odide == == Njikọ mpụga == aiwv4jstev6yiq57t8ce13y93pjqprj 0 56123 728407 687992 2026-09-27T05:20:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Dastangoi_Oral_storytelling_india.jpg|thumb|Syed Sahil Agha]] '''Syed Sahil Agha''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1982) bụ onye India na-akọ akụkọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede na onye na-anakọta ụgbọ ala, onye ọkachamara na nkà okwu nke ''Dastangoi,'' nkà nke narị afọ nke 13 nke ịkọ akụkọ n'Asụsụ Urdu. Ọ chọtara ụdị ochie nke QissaKhwani wee maliteghachi ya site n'ịkpọ aha ya QissaGoi ma maliteghachi Jumlebaazi, ụdị nkà na-ekwu okwu ọnụ na narị afọ nke 13 na Wordplay .[1] [2] A maara ya maka ọrụ ya dị ka Shibli Nomani na Sir Syed Ahmed Khan: Mesaịa ahụ, usoro ntanetị ewepụtara na Apple TV.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Special screening of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: The Messiah held at AMU {{!}} December 19, 2024|url=https://amu.ac.in/news/2024/12/19/special-screening-of-sir-syed-ahmad-khan-the-messiah-held-at-amu|accessdate=2024-12-24|work=Aligarh Muslim University|language=en}}</ref><ref name="purplepencilproject.">{{Cite web|author=Maniar|first=Prakruti|date=2019-11-30|title=On the art of storytelling: Dastango Syed Sahil Agha|url=https://www.purplepencilproject.com/dastango-syed-sahil-agha|accessdate=2019-11-30|work=www.purplepencilproject.com}}</ref><ref name="outlookindia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/70269/satire-and-humour-come-alive-at-storytelling-festival-udaipur-tales|author=Sahana lyer|title=Udaipur Tales Brings Alive the Art of Storytelling|date=2020-02-29|work=outlooktraveller|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302145508/https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/70269/satire-and-humour-come-alive-at-storytelling-festival-udaipur-tales|archive-date=2020-03-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Raza|first=Danish|date=2018-12-07|title=The long and Short of Storytelling in India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/the-long-and-short-of-storytelling-in-india/story-RQ6uANbpZ1Rl6qHPvMgkzH.html|accessdate=2018-12-29|work=hindustantimes.com}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Syed Sahil Agha na 1982 na Delhi n'aka Sayyed Mansoor Agha, onye edemede na onye nta akụkọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Habib|first=Waquar|date=2024-02-26|title=Dastangoi Artist Syed Sahil Agha On Mastering A Fading Art|url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/editors-picks/celebrating-people/dastangoi-artist-syyed-sahil-agha-on-mastering-a-fading-art|accessdate=2024-12-24|work=Outlook Traveller|language=en}}</ref><ref name="the-hindu-news.">{{Cite web|author=Phukan|first=Vikram|date=2019-11-21|title=Diamonds in the rough|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/diamonds-in-the-rough/article30040698.ece/amp|accessdate=2019-11-19|work=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye Delhi Gharana sitere na Silsila nke Sufism nke Amir Khusrau.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Syed Sahil Agha: Featured Teller at Gaatha Festival|url=https://www.gmisf.org/en/view-featured-teller/syed-sahil-agha/|accessdate=2024-12-25|work=www.gmisf.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Hasan|first=Shah Imran|title=ماضی اورمستقبل کا پل ہے داستان گوئی ۔ سید ساحل آغا|url=https://www.urdu.awazthevoice.in/india-news/dastangoi-is-the-bridge-between-past-and-future-syed-sahil-agha-24736.html|accessdate=2024-12-25|work=www.urdu.awazthevoice.in|language=ur}}</ref> Ọ mụtara ma mee ọzụzụ ya na National School of Drama wee gụchaa Bachelor of Arts site na Jamia Millia Islamia wee malite ịrụ ọrụ dị ka Dastango na mmemme.[1][2] Ka oge na-aga, o mere Diploma Post Graduate na Acting si Shri Ram Center for Performing Arts, Delhi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=|title=Meet Sahil Agha who owns over 50 vintage cars|url=https://ummid.com/news/2022/october/21.10.2022/meet-sahil-agha-who-owns-over-50-vintage-cars.html|accessdate=21 October 2022|work=ummid.com|publisher=ummid}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Agha nyere ọrụ Dastangoi ọkachamara mbụ ya na 2010 na Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, mgbe ọ na-achụ Bachelor of Arts ebe ahụ.[1] [2] Ọ na-ekwu na nna nna ya bụ mkpali maka ọrụ ya.<ref name="Outlook">{{Cite web|author=Saha|first=Pracheta|date=21 November 2018|title=Dastaan-E-Dastangoi: The Lost Art Form Of Story Telling|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/society/dastaan-e-dastangoi-the-lost-art-form-of-story-telling-news-320489|accessdate=2018-12-29|work=www.outlookindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.norway.no/en/india/norway-india/news-and-events/new-delhi/news/storytelling-from-a-cross-cultural-perspective/|title=Storytelling from a cross-cultural perspective|language=en|work=www.norway.no|accessdate=2018-12-30|archivedate=2019-02-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014210/https://www.norway.no/en/india/norway-india/news-and-events/new-delhi/news/storytelling-from-a-cross-cultural-perspective/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=Sohaila Kapur|url=https://www.theweek.in/webworld/features/society/an-enthralling-collage-of-plays.html/amp|title=An enthralling collage of plays|date=2018-05-01|accessdate=2018-05-01|archivedate=2019-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517223151/https://www.theweek.in/webworld/features/society/an-enthralling-collage-of-plays.html/amp}}</ref> O weputara echiche ọhụrụ nke 'Musical Dastangoi' nke nwere akụkọ jikọtara ya na Indian Opera na egwu ọdịnala India.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Eba|first=Syeda|date=2020-02-08|title=Dastangoi: Bringing stories alive|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/features/dastangoi-bringing-stories-alive-399611|accessdate=2020-02-10|work=Millennium Post|language=en-US}}</ref> Agha bụ onye dere Dastan-e-Hind (2010), nchịkọta nke dastans ya na akụkọ ọdịnala ndị India, akpalila ihe ngosi nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe gburugburu ụwa.[1] [2] Ọ na-eme naanị ya kama ịbụ akụkụ nke otu ụzọ.Dastans ya gụnyere Nairang-e DastanGoi, Dastan-e-Awadh, Dastan-e-Dard, Dastan-e-Taqseem, [1] Dastan-e-Dastangoi, Dastan Mehboob-e-Ilahi, Dastan-e-Amir Khusrau, Dastan-e-Chiragh, Dastan-e-Mahatma, [6] [7] Dastan-e-Vikram-Betal na Tughlaqnama, Dastan Dilli Ke Shayron ki[8] bụ ndị bụrụla ihe egwu n'etiti ndị na-ege ya ntị.Akụkọ egwu ya gụnyere Dastan-e-Duvidha, Jashn-e-Virasat, Dilli Durbar, [1] [2] Dastan Ishq-e-Meera, Dastan-e-Sahir na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụbu akụkụ nke Bharatmuni Rang Utsav, Gaatha: Mumbai International Story Telling Festival, Udaipur Tales International Storytelling Festival, Jahan-e-Khusrau, Shimla International Literature Festival, Sahityotsav Cultural Karvan, Jashn-e-Rekhta na Adbi Forum. === Nchịkọta ụgbọ ala ochie === Agha, ịnakọta ụgbọala ochie bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ.<ref name="timesofindia">{{Cite news|author=TOI|date=6 April 2022|title=Delhi's vintage car lover who restores iconic beauties, watch!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/city/delhi/meet-delhis-vintage-car-lover-who-restores-iconic-jalopies/videoshow/90692634.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=7 April 2022|work=[[timesofindia]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Muttabi Ali Khan|title=This Delhi man owns over 50 vintage cars|url=https://munsifdaily.com/social-media/this-delhi-man-owns-over-50-vintage-cars/|accessdate=21 October 2022|work=munsifdaily.com|publisher=munsifdaily}}</ref> N'ime afọ iri abụọ na ise gara aga, ọ chịkọtara ọtụtụ ụgbọala ndị Britain na ndị Germany.<ref name="the economic times">{{Cite news|author=TOI|date=7 April 2022|title=Delhi's vintage car lover who restores iconic beauties, watch!|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/delhis-vintage-car-lover-who-restores-iconic-beauties-watch/videoshow/90709421.cms|accessdate=7 April 2022|work=the [[The Economic Times|economic times]] (Panache)}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> == Ihe nkiri == === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe ngosi !Ọrụ !Ọwa Mmiri ! class="unsortable" |Nkwupụta |- |2018 |''Mirza Ghalib Umrao Begum'' |Onye edemede |DD Urdu | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-03-16|title=Syed Sahil Agha|url=http://shimlaliteraturefestival.com/performer/syed-sahil-agha/|accessdate=2024-12-24|work=Shimla International Literature Festival|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Dastangoi'' |Onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri |Zee Salaam |<ref name=":3"/> |- |} === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ọwa Mmiri !Nkwupụta |- |2019 |''Pari Khana'' |Onye edemede |Ihe nkiri Sood |<ref name=":3"/> |- |2020 |''Sanam Khana'' |Onye edemede |Netflix |<ref name=":3" /> |- |} == Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ == Na 2022, National Museum, New Delhi kwanyere Agha na Amara nke Dastangoi ma gosipụtakwa uwe Angrakha ya na Chitram Vastram. <ref>{{Cite web|author=IANS|date=17 Dec 2022|title=How India dressed up: National Museum recreates saga from old manuscripts|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-india-dressed-up-national-museum-recreates-saga-from-old-manuscripts-122121800555_1.html|accessdate=18 Dec 2022|work=[[Business Standard]]|publisher=business-standard.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=|title=वस्त्रों और परिधानों की कहानी, पांडुलिपि चित्रों की जुबानी|url=https://www.newstodaynetwork.com/वस्त्रों-और-परिधानों-की-कहानी-पांडुलिपि-चित्रों-की-जुबानी/cid9487238.htm|accessdate=|work=www.newstodaynetwork.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=dailychhattisgarh news desk|date=17 Dec 2022|title=वस्त्रों और परिधानों की कहानी, पांडुलिपि चित्रों की जुबानी|url=https://dailychhattisgarh.com/article-details.php?article=181093&path_article=7|accessdate=18 Dec 2022|publisher=IANS|archivedate=20 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220140621/https://dailychhattisgarh.com/article-details.php?article=181093&path_article=7}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Pradesh Jouhar 2017 * Ihe nrite Hafeez Merathi 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://udaipurtales.com/upcomst.php|title=Storytellers Of 2020|date=2020-02-08|work=Udaipur Tales|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-10|archivedate=2020-02-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208210025/http://udaipurtales.com/upcomst.php}}</ref> * Onyinye Delhi Minorities Commission 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://viewswall.com/2020/sahil-agha-a-distinguished-dastango-honored-by-dmc/culture-and-communities/|title=Sahil Agha, a distinguished Dastango, honored by DMC|author=viewswall|work=www.viewswall.com|accessdate=2020-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|title=Delhi Minorities Commission announces Awards in various fields|url=https://theindianawaaz.com/delhi-minorities-commission-announces-awards-in-various-fields/|accessdate=2020-06-17|work=theindianawaaz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|title=DMC 2019 AWARDS|url=https://archive.org/stream/dmc-2019-awards/DMC-2019-Awards_djvu.txt|accessdate=2020-06-17|work=Delhi Minorities Commission}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|id=15450934}}  [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pc2f85rvpkdhen3j7ic5xpnzyjr0k3d 0 56478 728461 577748 2026-09-27T10:48:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728461 wikitext text/x-wiki Vojtěch Náprstek (nke a na-akpọ General 1826, na Prague - 2 September 1894), bụ onye ọrụ ebere Czech, onye mba n'anya na onye agha ụdị, yana onye nta asụsụ Czech na United States. [[Faịlụ:Vojtěch_náprstek.jpg|thumb|Vojtěch Náprstek]] == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Faịlụ:Vojtěch_Náprstek_Mutter_Anna.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Náprstek (guzo ọtọ) na nne ya Anna na nwanne ya nwoke Ferdinand]] Mkpakọrịta Vojtěch Náprstek Adalbert Fingerhut.  Nna ya Anton Fingerhut nwere aha German dị ka naanị otu n'ime ike asaa - ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ site na isi Czech nke aha Náprstek.  (A mmetụta ịka okwu German fingerhut na okwu Czech bụ naprstek dị ka thimble n'asụsụ Bekee.) Adalbert ọkọlọtọ aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Vojtěch Náprstek n'afọ 1880 mana ọ na-eji aha Czech eme ihe n'oge gara aga.[1]  Nne ya, Anna Fingerhut-Náprstková (1788-1873), bụ onye ọchụnta ego na-ahụ maka mba nke na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ na-, ,dị akwụkwọ / distillery na ụlọ oriri na-adị dị n'ikpọ ya, "U Halánků", nke na-anabata ndị otu mba na-eto eto.  Ndị òtù ahụ ka guzo ma dị na Betlehem Square (Betlémské náměstí) na Prague ma a mara ya dị ka Náprstek Museum of Asia, African and American Cultures.  Ma Vojtěch na nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Ferdinand, ndị na-akwado mba, bụ ndị uwe ojii Habsburg na-ele anya nke ọma.  Mgbe ụdị nke Prague Upheavals nke 1848, Vojtěch ụlọ na ụlọ gaa United States, ebe ọ mmụta akwụkwọ iwu ya. == 1848 na America == [[Faịlụ:Vojtěch_Náprstek_1848.jpg|thumb|Náprstek na 1848]] Ọ gbagara Milwaukee na Wisconsin na-egbochi, ebe o biri ihe dị ka afọ iri tupu ọ pụta n'iche, mechaa ọkụ iwu ya.  A na-ewere ya dị ka nna ime ike nke akwụkwọ Czech na America.  Akwụkwọ edemede na-eche echiche n'efu bụ Milwaukee Flügblatter, akwụkwọ edemede mbụ nke Czech onye na United States.  Ọ bụ ebe na Flügblatter dị n'asụsụ German, ndị Czechoslovakia na-agụ ya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu.  Naprstek gbara Ndị Czech America ume akara ma bipụta akwụkwọ ozi Czech nke ha.  Ọ bụ nwa amaala America. == Ịlaghachi na Bohemia == Ọ la mfe Bohemia n'ihe dị ka 1857, wee maliteghachi ọrụ ndị agha.  Mgbe ọ lọtara, ọ rụsiri ọrụ ike iji mee ka ndị Czechoslovakia ibe ya mara echiche, ụlọ ọrụ, na usoro ndị America, yana ndị American Indian ndị ya na ha rụkọrọ ọrụ.  Ochie onye Czech ibe ya bụ Charles Jonas aka-abụ Bekee, ma hazie maka ụgbọ elu ya gaa London, ma nnukwu Racine, Wisconsin.  Elizabeth dị isi nke Náprstek Museum nke Eshia, Africa, na America dị na Prague.[1]  Ọdụ onye alderman nke obodo Prague (1873-1894) na onye kansụl obodo (1881-1892).  Náprstek bụ onye na-akwado echiche na-aga n'ihu, ndị egwu ibi ndụ n'ozuzu ya na Prague, yana inye onyinye na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ na iwebata ebubo ọgbara ọhụrụ na ndụ nsogbu (ọkụ gas na isi nri, oku, wdg).  O guzobekwara, na 1888, Czech Hiking Club (Klub českých turistů) .  A akụkọ ya na Freemasonry n'oge ndụ ya na United States.  Mgbe ọ la mfe n'Alaeze Ukwu Austria, o obere òtù iwu na-akwado nke ndị Masonic maka ịgbasa echiche ndị Masonic.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Под знаком циркуля. Сто лет чехословацкого масонства|url=https://ruski.radio.cz/pod-znakom-cirkulya-sto-let-chehoslovackogo-masonstva-8130909|accessdate=16 September 2023|work=Radio Prague International|date=18 May 2019|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917223952/https://ruski.radio.cz/pod-znakom-cirkulya-sto-let-chehoslovackogo-masonstva-8130909|archive-date=17 September 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ikike ụmụ nwanyị === [[Faịlụ:Vojta Náprstek – Jan Vilímek – České album.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Náprstek na 1885; foto nke Jan Vilímek]] Mgbe ọ la mfe Prague mgbe afọ iri gachara mba ọzọ, okwu ya na ngosi ya ọrụ ndị inyom America dọtara uche dị ukwuu.  N'ihe dị ka 1864 ọ haziri ihe ngosi nke igwe ọkụ akwa America (nke a na-paara na Prague) yana idi otu esi eji ha, nke ụmụ na-eleta nke ukwuu.  N'afọ 1865, o nyere ego maka ntọala nke "Americký klub dame" (American Ladies" Club ma ọ bụ American Club of Bohemian Women), nke nwere akwụkwọ mbụ ya n'ihe nkwari akụ nne ya "U Halánků".  n'efu n'Ụdị  nkwado a, yana Nkwado aha nna eze ya maka ikike ụmụ phootu na 1887, wetara Náprstek aha "onye na-akwado ọgwụ".  Ndị lere ahụ ahụ anya dị ka ndị mmadụ, a manyere ya ọrụ dị ka ihe onwe onye kama ịbụ onye obodo. == Ebe e si nweta ya == * Czech Pioneers in Wisconsin site na Miloslav Rechcigl Jr., nwetara na 9 Disemba 2007 == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} am5hjs7b9z2fh7okynim3g80r0u1mgh 0 56651 728252 691977 2026-09-26T16:07:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {|{{Infobox ship begin <!-- commercial vessels -->|infobox caption=<!-- keywords: yes, nodab; or caption text -->|display title=''Gallinipper''}} {{Infobox ship image|Ship image=File:Gallinipper.jpg|Ship image size=|Ship caption=Wreck of the ''Gallinipper''|image alt=}} {{Infobox ship career|Hide header=|Ship country=United States|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United States|1851}}|Ship name=''Nancy Dousman''|Ship owner=|Ship operator=|Ship registry=|Ship route=|Ship ordered=|Ship builder=Augustus Jones and G.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;Cochran, [[Black River (Ohio)|Black&nbsp;River]],&nbsp;[[Ohio]]|Ship original cost=|Ship yard number=|Ship way number=|Ship laid down=|Ship launched=|Ship completed=1833|Ship christened=|Ship acquired=|Ship homeport=[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]|Ship maiden voyage=|Ship in service=|Ship out of service=|Ship renamed=''Gallinipper'', {{circa|1846}}|Ship identification=|Ship fate=Sank July 1851|Ship notes=}} {{Infobox ship characteristics|Hide header=|Header caption=|Ship class=|Ship type=[[Schooner]]|Ship tonnage=|Ship displacement=|Ship length={{convert|95|ft}}|Ship beam={{convert|21.8|ft|1}}|Ship height=|Ship draught=|Ship draft=|Ship depth={{convert|7.9|ft|1}}|Ship decks=|Ship deck clearance=|Ship ramps=|Ship ice class=|Ship sail plan=Two-[[Mast (ship)|masted]] [[schooner]] [[Rigging|rig]]|Ship power=|Ship propulsion=[[Sail]]s|Ship speed=|Ship capacity=|Ship crew=|Ship notes=}} |}Gallinipper bụ schooner nke dara na Ọdọ Mmiri Michigan n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri nke Centerville, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. N'afọ 2010, e tinyere ebe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kpuru na Ndebanye aha Mba nke Ebe Akụkọ Ihe mere eme. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20110107.htm|title=Weekly List of Actions Taken On Properties|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=February 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513111203/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20110107.htm|archive-date=May 13, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ozi == === ''Nancy Dousman'' === Aha mbụ ya bụ ''Nancy Dousman'', Augustus Jones na G. W. Cochran wuru ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na 1833 <ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety">{{Cite web|title=Gallinipper Shipwreck (Schooner)|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Content.aspx?dsNav=Ny:True,Ro:0,N:4294963828-4294963814&dsRecordDetails=R:NR2136|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2015-12-27|archivedate=2016-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105210454/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Content.aspx?dsNav=Ny:True,Ro:0,N:4294963828-4294963814&dsRecordDetails=R:NR2136}}</ref> na Black River na [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], <ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety" /> maka Michael Dousman، onye ọrụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company. &nbsp;&nbsp;A na-akpọ ya aha nwa nwanyị Dousman bụ Nancy, <ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety" /> ''Nancy Dousman'' buuru ngwongwo site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ United States gaa n'ókèala Wisconsin Territory wee jiri Akpụkpọ anụ si n'óké ahụ lọta maka ahịa dị n'ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ United States. <ref name=wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper>[https://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/230?region=MidLakeMichigan Wisconsin Shipwrecks: GALLINIPPER (1832) Accessed 1 July 2021]</ref> ''Nancy Dousman'' buuru ndị ọrụ nke American Fur Company na ndị njem ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ndị mbịarambịa biri n'ókèala Wisconsin Territory.<ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety" /> Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya maka ụlọ ọrụ ajị anụ, Dousman guzobere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, gristmill, na sawmill na Milwaukee, Wisconsin Territory, na 1835, o jikwa ''Nancy Dousman'' weta ihe na Milwaukie ma buru [[Mkpụrụ ọka|ọka]] gaa ahịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ United States.<ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety" /> E rere ''Nancy Dousman'' nye ndị nwe ya ọtụtụ ugboro. Ọ gbara ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro abụọ, mana a na-ebugharị ya n'elu mmiri oge ọ bụla.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> === ''Onye na-ere ọkụkọ'' === Na 1846, onye na-ede ụgbọ mmiri Henry Gibson rụghachiri ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na Milwaukee, na-abawanye ikike ibu ya.[1] A kpọgharịrị aha ya Gallinipper, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ, dabere na Milwaukee wee tinye aka n'ibu ibu osisi.[1] E rere ya ọzọ ma regharịa ya,[1] wee nweta ọtụtụ ihe ọjọọ, na-emikpu na Beaver Island na Lake Michigan na Julaị 7, 1848, na-agba ọsọ na Milwaukee na 1850; na imikpu n'ọnụ Osimiri Milwaukee na Mee 1851.[1] E bugharịrị ya n'elu mmiri ma laghachi ọrụ oge ọ bụla. N'oge njem site na Milwaukee, [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]], gaa Bay de Noque, [[Michigan]], iji buru ibu osisi ma buru ndị ọrụ asaa na ndị njem abụọ, Gallinipper tụgharịrị na Lake Michigan 8 ruo 10 nautical miles (15 ruo 19 mi) n'ụsọ oké osimiri Wisconsin n'etiti Manitowoc na Sheboygan n'oge mmiri ozuzo na July 7, 1851. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nancy Dousman (Schooner), 1 May 1846|url=http://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/28365/data|work=[[Maritime History of the Great Lakes]]|accessdate=2015-12-27|archivedate=2016-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105143339/http://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/28365/data}}</ref> Ọ kwụ ọtọ, mana ọ tụgharịrị ọzọ, ndị ọrụ ya na ndị njem ya hapụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ma bụrụ ndị ụgbọ mmiri ''Cleopatra'' napụtara.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> N'ịbụ onye mmiri jupụtara, Gallinipper juputara na mmiri, mana ọ mikpurughị.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> Ụgbọ mmiri Crook hụrụ ya na 9 Julaị 1851 wee kọọ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nọrọ n'okpuru mmiri.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> ụgbọ mmiri Convoy mechara gbalịa ịdọrọ ya 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) site na Manitowoc, mana ọ hapụrụ ya 10 nautic miles (19 km) n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ Manitowoz mgbe ọ zọpụtara mainsail ya, isi boom, na isi gaff.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> N'agbanyeghị na onye isi ụgbọ mmiri ya chọtara ya, a chọtabeghị ya ọzọ ma chee na ọ mikpuru.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> N'ịbụ onye ọnụ ahịa ya dị na USD $ 3,000 ma kwụọ ụgwọ maka USD $ 2,000, a kwupụtara na ọ bụ ihe efu.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> == Ụgbọ Mmiri == A chọtara mkpọmkpọ ebe Gallinipper na 1994 na 210 feet (64 nke mmiri site n'aka onye na-ụgbụ azụ na-azụ ahịa nke ụgbụ ya jidere ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gallinipper (1832)|url=http://wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/230?region=MidLakeMichigan|work=Wisconsin Shipwrecks|publisher=Wisconsin Sea Grant / Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2015-12-27}}</ref> A maghị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ruo mgbe ndị Wisconsin Historical Society nyochara ya na 2009. Na Disemba 28, 2010, e debere ebe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kpuru na National Register of Historic Places . <ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety"/> E tinyere ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'ime ókèala nke Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary mgbe e kere ya na 2021. Ụgbọ mmiri Gallinipper bụ ụgbọ mmiri kachasị ochie a maara na mmiri Wisconsin. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/06/23/2021-12846/wisconsin-shipwreck-coast-national-marine-sanctuary-designation-final-regulations|title=Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Designation; Final Regulations|publisher=NOAA via Federal Register|date=June 23, 2021|accessdate=29 June 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe atụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụgbọ mmiri azụmaahịa Great Lakes.<ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety"/> E wuru ụgbọ mmiri azụmaahịa ole na ole maka ọrụ na ọdịda anyanwụ Great Lakes, na obere ihe akaebe ọzọ nke ha fọdụrụ, n'agbanyeghị mkpa ha dị ịnọgide na-azụ ahịa na nkwurịta okwu n'etiti obodo ndị dị n'ókè na Great Lakes na n'etiti ha na obodo ndị dị na ọwụwa anyanwụ United States.<ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety" /> Ihe mebiri emebi dị na Centerville na mmiri nke Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, 9.5 miles (15.3 km) n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Hika Bay Park.<ref name="gallinippershipwreckwisconsinhistoricalsociety"/> Ọ na-anọdụ ala n'ala ọdọ mmiri na ụta ya dịtụ elu karịa azụ ya ma nwee ndepụta ogo 20 n'akụkụ aka nri. Ọkpụkpụ ahụ ka dị mma ma kpuchie ya na silt na mussels.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> Ihe na-eguzogide ya emebiwo site na ụgbụ ịkụ azụ na mgbalị ndị ọkụ azụ na-eme iji tọhapụ ụgbụ ahụ, na-eme ka a dọrọ isi osisi ahụ site na nzọụkwụ osisi ahụ ma daa n'ihu ka ọ nọrọ n'otu akụkụ n'elu ụta, ihu ya na-apụ n'ime ahụ ma na-abata n'elu, na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ - gụnyere boom, gaff, elu osisi, na mita abụọ - na-etinye n'ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruo n'akụkụ aka nri nke mkpọmkpọ ahụ.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> A na-ekpuchi ụgbụ ịkụ azụ gburugburu azụ, na-aga n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke mkpuchi ahụ, a na-ekpuchikwa ya n'elu nnukwu osisi na n'ihu.<ref name="wisconsinshipwrecksgallinipper" /> A na-egosi ihu Gallinipper na Rogers Street Fishing Village na Two Rivers, Wisconsin. == Edemsibia == c7fwxppbt020jmvlotrj9mo9cwtorg0 0 58203 728228 723042 2026-09-26T14:25:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ohemaa Mercy bụ onye na-agụ egwú gospel nke oge a na Ghana nke nwere ọtụtụ onyinye n'aha ya. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Mercy Amoah nke a na-akpọ Ohemaa Mercy mụrụ na Weija, Accra nye nne na nna Fantis, Mr na Oriakụ Amoah, sitere na Abakrapa na Elmina. O biri ọtụtụ oge ndụ nwata ya na Koforidua. Ohemaa Mercy gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na St. Peter's Anglican Primary School, Koforidua na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua. Ọ gara n'ihu na kọleji S.D.A Teachers Training College, Asokore, Koforidua ebe ọ nwetara asambodo 'A' nke ndị nkuzi ya..<ref>{{Cite news|title=I have quit teaching - Ohemaa Mercy|publisher=|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-have-quit-teaching-Ohemaa-Mercy-371680|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Akwasi|first=Kofi|date=2019-11-19|title=Ohemaa Mercy: All you need to know about her|url=https://yen.com.gh/138153-ohemaa-mercy-age-children-spouse-songs-albums-record-labels-instagram.html|accessdate=2021-03-03|work=Yen- Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Ohemaa_Mercy_and_Efe_Grace_at_3Music_Awards_2022_(2).jpg|thumb|Ohemaa Mercy na Efe Grace na 3 Music Awards]] Ohemaa Mercy wepụtara abọm mbụ ya na ngwụcha ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2004. A kpọrọ ya ''Adamfo Papa'', abọm ahụ nwere nnukwu ikuku mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, nke mere ka Ohemaa bụrụ ihe a ma ama. Ọ meriri nhọpụta asaa maka 2006 Ghana Music Awards mana enwetaghị ihe nrite ọ bụla. O mechara merie nchọpụta nke afọ maka Gospel Music Awards n'otu afọ ahụ. N'afọ 2007, onye ozi ọma wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya, Edin Jesus . Ohemaa Mercy rere 875,000 ọnwa isii mgbe ọ wepụtara abọm nke abụọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ abọm kacha ere ahịa n'afọ. Abọm Edin Jesus nyere Ohemaa Mercy 10 nhọpụta maka 2008 Ghana Music Awards. Nke a bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke nhọpụta ruo ugbu a n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke atụmatụ onyinye ahụ. N'ihe omume ahụ, o jisiri ike weghara ihe nrite atọ: Gospel Artiste of the Year, Album of the Year na Gospel Album of The Year. N'otu afọ ahụ, o ritere nnukwu ihe nrite n'oge National Honours Award site n'aka onye bụbu onye isi ala Ghana, John Kufuor. N'afọ 2010-11 Ohemaa wepụtara abọm nke atọ ya, ''Wobeye Kese'', nke bụkwa abọm kachasị ere ahịa ma bụrụ nke kachasị elu na nkata niile na mba ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ohemaa Mercy, others for Jesus Rocks 2015|publisher=|url=http://pulse.com.gh/events/praise-jesus-ohemaa-mercy-others-for-jesus-rocks-2015-id4174088.html|accessdate=5 January 2016|archive-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126033748/http://pulse.com.gh/events/praise-jesus-ohemaa-mercy-others-for-jesus-rocks-2015-id4174088.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ohemaa Mercy leads the Youth to Christ|work=Daily Graphic|url=http://graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/52518-ohemaa-mercy-leads-the-youth-to-christ.html|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ohemaa Mercy makes history at KNUST|publisher=|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ohemaa-Mercy-makes-history-at-KNUST-390008|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 August 2013|title=MTN Hitmakers get inspired by Ohemaa Mercy|url=http://entertainment.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/201308/112231.php|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=How I was arrested by God - Ohemaa Mercy|publisher=|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/How-I-was-arrested-by-God-Ohemaa-Mercy-302118|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref> Ọnwa anọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, abọm a meriri ọzọ nhọpụta anọ ya na 2014 Ghana Music Awards. Ọ meriri Onye nka Oziọma nke afọ na na Canada n'otu afọ ahụ bụ Gospel Artiste nke Afọ-Canada.[1] A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omenkà kacha mma nke nwanyị West Africa n'otu afọ ahụ maka ihe nrite Africa Gospel Music na London. Ọ merikwara Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 23 "Gospel Song Of The Year" ya na Ote Me Mu ft MOG music [2] Ohemaa Mercy emela n'elu ikpo okwu na ihe ngosi na-akpali akpali nke nyegoro ya nnukwu ihe ọchị, ọ bụghị nanị n'ihi ịhụnanya egwu ya kamakwa maka ihe ngosi ya.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://christianvibesgh.com/ohemaa-mercy-wins-gospel-song-of-the-year-at-the-vgma23-with-ote-me-mu/|title=Ohemaa Mercy wins gospel song of the year at the VGMA23 with 'Ote Me Mu'|date=9 May 2022|accessdate=18 March 2025|archivedate=13 August 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813094952/https://christianvibesgh.com/ohemaa-mercy-wins-gospel-song-of-the-year-at-the-vgma23-with-ote-me-mu/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ohemaa Mercy rocks Legon with "Praise Break 15" campus tour concert|publisher=|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ohemaa-Mercy-rocks-Legon-with-Praise-Break-15-campus-tour-concert-387636|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref> == Abọm studio == {| class="wikitable" !Aha ya !Nkọwa nke Album !Nkwupụta |- |''Adamfo Papa (Ezi Enyi) '' | * Afọ a tọhapụrụ ya: 2004 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adamfo Papa by Ohemaa Mercy on Spinlet|url=https://spinlet.com/album/1179|accessdate=3 January 2016|work=spinlet.|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033226/https://spinlet.com/album/1179}}</ref> |- |''Edin Jesus (Aha Jizọs) '' | * Afọ a tọhapụrụ ya: 2007 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohemaa Mercy launches new album|url=http://www.ghanamusic.com/news/event-news/ohemaa-mercy-launches-new-album/index.html|accessdate=3 January 2016|work=GhanaMusic|publisher=}}</ref> |- |''Ị ga-abụ onye ukwu'' | * Afọ a tọhapụrụ ya: 2009 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wobeye Kese by Ohemaa Mercy|url=http://www.ghanamusic.org/ohemaa-mercy/wobeye-kese-video_e88326e6c.html|accessdate=3 January 2016|work=GhanaMusic.|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105937/http://www.ghanamusic.org/ohemaa-mercy/wobeye-kese-video_e88326e6c.html}}</ref> |- |''Amụma'' | * Afọ a tọhapụrụ ya: 2012 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=OHEMAA MERCY TALKS ABOUT HER ALBUM LAUNCH 'PROPHECY'|url=http://www.gospelhauz.com/ohemaa-mercy-talks-album-launch-prophecy/|accessdate=3 January 2016|work=gospelhauz.|archivedate=6 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806202437/http://www.gospelhauz.com/ohemaa-mercy-talks-album-launch-prophecy/}}</ref> |- |''Okwu Ya'' | * Afọ a tọhapụrụ ya: 2013 / 2014 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohemaa Mercy's Christmas gift to all is 'His Word'|url=http://graphic.com.gh/entertainment/music/14054-ohemaa-mercy-s-christmas-gift-to-all-is-his-word.html|accessdate=3 January 2016|work=|publisher=Graphic Showbiz Ghana}}</ref> |- |''Afọ (Onyefe) '' | * Afọ a tọhapụrụ ya: 2015 / 2016 |<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ohemaa Mercy releases new single 'Aseda'|publisher=|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ohemaa-Mercy-releases-new-single-Aseda-401333|accessdate=3 January 2016}}</ref> |} == Ndị na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye == * "''Aseda" (Ekele) '' <ref>{{Cite news|title=Video: Ohemaa Mercy releases visuals for 'Aseda'|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Video-Ohemaa-Mercy-releases-visuals-for-Aseda-404836|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref> * "Anyị Na-eto Aha Gị"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ohemaa Mercy Releases New Single "We Praise Your Name" Ahead Of #TEHILLAH EXPERIENCE Concert|url=http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/music/201507/247762.php|accessdate=4 January 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110440/http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/music/201507/247762.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * "''Yesu Mogya''" (Ọbara Jizọs) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ohemaa Mercy to plead with Sakawa boys|url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/10990/3/ohemaa-mercy-to-plead-with-sakawa-boys.html|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref> * "''Woafiri Mu''" (Ị gbapụrụ ya) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohemaa Mercy – Wofiri Mu(Prod By Morris Babyface)|url=http://www.ghxclusives.com/ohemaa-mercy-wofiri-muprod-by-morris-babyface/|work=ghxclusives|accessdate=4 January 2016|archivedate=30 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730203021/http://www.ghxclusives.com/ohemaa-mercy-wofiri-muprod-by-morris-babyface/}}</ref> * "Ọ ga-eme ya maka gị"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obeye Ama Wo by Ohemaa Mercy|url=http://www.ghanamusic.org/ohemaa-mercy/obeye-ama-wo-video_333fb5556.html|accessdate=4 January 2016|work=GhanaMusic|archivedate=24 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124161154/http://www.ghanamusic.org/ohemaa-mercy/obeye-ama-wo-video_333fb5556.html}}</ref> * "Biribi Rodsi" (Ihe ga-eme) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biribi Besi by Ohemaa Mercy|url=http://www.deezer.com/track/94885412|accessdate=4 January 2016|work=Deezer}}</ref> * "Ote Me Mu" ft. MOG MusicEgwú MOG [[Faịlụ:Ohemaa_Mercy_at_3Music_Awards_2022_(4).jpg|thumb|Ohemaa Mercy na-ese foto ya na 3Music Awards 2022 drip kapet]] == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Ụdị !Ọrụ a họpụtara !Nsonaazụ !Nkwupụta |- | rowspan="4" |2022 | rowspan="4" |Ihe nrite 3Music |Abụ Oziọma nke Afọ |Ọ na-ebi n'ime m (Ote Me Mu) ft. MOG MusicEgwú MOG|{{Won}} | rowspan="3" |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Kotey|first=Nii|date=27 March 2022|title=3Music News: 3Music Awards '22: Here are all the winners|url=https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|accessdate=27 March 2022|work=3Music TV|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032059/https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2|archive-date=1 April 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Iwu Oziọma nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya|{{Nom}} |- |Onye Na-eme Ihe N'Afọ |Tehillah|{{Nom}} |- |Nwaanyị nke Afọ |Ya onwe ya|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hansen|first=Gabriel Myers|date=14 February 2022|title=3Music Awards 2022: All the nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/3music-awards-2022-all-nominees|accessdate=13 April 2022|work=Music In Africa|language=}}</ref> |- |2022 |VGMA |Abụ Oziọma Kasị Mma n'Afọ |Ote Me Mu - Ohemaa Mercy ft MOGMusic|{{Won}} | |} == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2v6tazqxr6cowyfj08vk4p2utrsxbcl 0 58636 728271 627795 2026-09-26T17:48:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728271 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Ghulam Mohammad''' PP, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Pathanay Khan''' ([a]{{IPA|pa|pəʈʰaːɳeː xãː|lang}}{{IPA|pa|pəʈʰaːɳeː xãː|lang}}; 1926 - 9 Machị 2000), bụ onye na-agụ egwú ọdịnala nke Pakistan si Kot Addu, Punjab. {{IPA|pa|pəʈʰaːɳeː xãː|lang}}A na-ejikọta ya na Egwú ọdịnala nke Punjab ma na-abụkarị ''kafis'' na ''ghazals'', na-esikarị na uri Sufi nke Bulleh Shah, Khwaja Ghulam Farid, Pir Meher Ali Shah na Shah Hussain. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye "akụkọ ifo" nke egwu ọdịnala. A mụrụ ya na 1926 n'ime obodo Basti Tambu Wali, nke dị na etiti Ọzara Thal, ọtụtụ kilomita site na Kot Addu, (Punjab).<ref name="urduwire">{{Cite web|url=http://urduwire.com/people/Pathanay-Khan-Ghulam-Mohammad_419.aspx|archivedate=15 April 2019|title=Profile of Pathanay Khan|work=Urduwire.com website|accessdate=5 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415163933/http://urduwire.com/people/Pathanay-Khan-Ghulam-Mohammad_419.aspx}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Urduwire.com website''. Archived from [http://urduwire.com/people/Pathanay-Khan-Ghulam-Mohammad_419.aspx the original] on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Ghulam Mohammad na 1926 n'obodo nna ya, Basti Tambu Wali, na Kot Addu, British Punjab n'ezinụlọ na-asụ Asụsụ Saraiki. Pathanay Khan nwere mmasị na nne ya nke ukwuu. O lekọtara ya nke ọma ma gbalịa ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ. Agbanyeghị, ya, dị ka nna ya Khameesa Khan [a chọrọ nkọwa], jiri oge ya na-awagharị, na-atụgharị uche na na-abụ abụ. Ụdị ọdịdị ya mere ka ọ pụọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ka ọ gbasịrị ọkọlọtọ nke asaa ma ọ bụ ọkwa ọkwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya.Ọ malitere ịbụ abụ, ọkachasị ndị Kafis nke Khwaja Ghulam Farid, onye nsọ nke Mithankot.[1] Onye nkuzi mbụ ya bụ Baba Mir Khan, onye kụziiri ya ihe niile ọ maara. Naanị ịbụ abụ emeghị ka ọ nweta ego ga-ezuru ya, ya mere Pathanay Khan na-eto eto malitere ịchịkọta nkụ maka nne ya, bụ onye na-esitere ndị obodo ahụ achịcha dị ka onye na-eme bred.Nke a mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ nwee ike ịkpata ihe e ji ebi ndụ. A na-ekwu na icheta ụbọchị ndị ahụ mere ka anya mmiri gbaa ya n'anya ma kwenye na ọ bụ ịhụnanya o nwere n'ebe Chineke nọ, egwu, na Khwaja Ghulam Farid mere ka o nwee ike iburu ibu ahụ. Pathanay Khan nakweere ịbụ abụ dị ka ọrụ nke ọma mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị. Ikwe ya nwere ikike ime ka ndị na-ege ya ntị merụọ, ọ pụkwara ịbụ abụ ruo ọtụtụ awa n'ikpeazụ.<ref name="Samaa">[https://www.samaa.tv/culture/2017/03/folk-singer-pathanay-khan-anniversary/ Folk singer Pathanay Khan being remembered] Samaa TV News website, 9 March 2017, Retrieved 5 September 2022</ref> === Akụkọ dị n'azụ aha ahụ === Mgbe ọ dị naanị afọ ole na ole, nna Pathanay Khan lụrụ di nke ugboro atọ, nke nne ya kpebiri ịhapụ nna ya. Ọ kpọọrọ nwa ya nwoke gaa Kot Addu ka ya na nna ya nọrọ. Mgbe nwata nwoke ahụ dara ezigbo ọrịa, nne ya kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ''Syed'' (onye ndú ime mmụọ).Nwunye Syed ahụ lekọtara ya anya, ma dụọ nne ya ọdụ ka ọ gbanwee aha nwata ahụ n'ihi na ọ dị ya 'arọ arọ nke mmụọ.' Ada nwunye Syed kwuru na ọ dị ka onye Pathan, yabụ malite n'ụbọchị ahụ gawa, a na-akpọ ya 'Pathnay Khan'. Nne ya kwadoro aha ọhụrụ ahụ maka ịzọpụta ndụ nwata ahụ. == Ọrụ == Pathanay Khan raara onwe ya nye Khwaja Ghulam Farid na Bulleh Shah. O nyere nkọwa miri emi nke aka ya na uri Khwaja site n'ụdị abụ ya dị egwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Suraiya Multanikar, Hussain Bakhsh Dhadhi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ abụwo "Piloo pakian ni vay" nke Khwaja Farid.Ihe mejupụtara Suraiya Multanikar na-egosi ya dị ka egwu ndị mmadụ dị ọkụ, ebe Hussain Bakhsh Dhadhi na-egosi ya dị ka akụkụ oge gboo nke 'taans' ya pụrụ iche chọọ ya mma n'ụdị onye na-agụ egwu oge ochie Ashiq Ali Khan. Agbanyeghị, ụdị Pathanay Khan nke kafi a na-ewetara ya nkọwa dị omimi nke mbara igwe. Na ncheta ọnwụ nke Pathanay Khan na 2016, akara ngosi ndị mmadụ Shaukat Ali chetara na Pathanay Khan nyere egwu ndị mmadụ na Pakistan akụkụ ọhụrụ site n'iwebata ụdị ya nke ịbụ abụ kafis na 'sufiana kalaam'. . N'afọ 1976, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, onye bụ praịm minista nke Pakistan n'oge ahụ, kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa Islamabad maka ihe ngosi onwe onye. Mgbe Pathanay Khan bụrụ abụ "Jindarri lutti tain yaar sajan, Kadi mor maharan tay wal a watan", Bhutto malitere anya mmiri. Mgbe mmemme ahụ gasịrị, praịm minista jụrụ Pathanay Khan ugboro atọ ma ọ nwere 'ọchịchọ' ọ bụla iji mee ka praịm Minista nwee ike imezu ya. Oge ọ bụla onye na-agụ egwú zaghachiri bụ, "Bhutto Sahib, aap ko gharib awaam ki parat ho" (Bhutto sahib, lekọta ndị ogbenye). Na nke a, Bhutto makụrụ Pathanay Khan wee sị "M ga-elekọta ndị ogbenye n'ezie". <ref name="urduwire"/> == Egwuregwu ndị a ma ama na telivishọn == * "Chheena een chhaneeda yaar" * "Meda ishq vee toon"<ref name="EMI">{{Cite web|title=Pathanay Khan|url=http://www.emipakistan.com/artist/Pathanay-Khan-106|publisher=EMI Pakistan website|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=22 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222144016/http://www.emipakistan.com/artist/Pathanay-Khan-106}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. EMI Pakistan website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> * "Peelu pakkian nee"<ref name="Dawn"> [http://www.dawn.com/news/244880/pathanay-khan-s-relics-up-for-auction Pathanay Khan's relics up for auction] Dawn (newspaper) newspaper, Published 1 May 2007, Retrieved 5 September 2022</ref> * "Jindari lutti"<ref name="Dawn" /> * "Kia haal sunanwan dil da, koi mehram yaar na milda"<ref name="Dawn" /> * ''Ghoom Charakhreya, Teri Kattan Wali Jeevay''<ref name="Dawn" /> == Abọm == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha <ref name="EMI"/> |- |1984 |''Isi Anya Jana Jhok Ranjhan''<ref name="EMI" /> |- |1984 |''Mera Ishq Vi Toon''<ref name="EMI" /> |- |1989 |''Faiz Aman Mela '89''<ref name="EMI" /> |- |1992 |''Dam Dil Dardon'' |- |1992 |''Ranjhan Ang Lagaya''<ref name="EMI" /> |- |1999 |''Kafis'' |} == Ihe nrite na mmata == * Onyinye mpako nke arụmọrụ na 1979 site n'aka Onye isi ala nke Pakistan. <ref name="urduwire"/> == Ọnwụ == Pathanay Khan nwụrụ mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa ogologo oge na obodo nna ya bụ Kot Addu na Tọzdee 9 Maachị 2000.[1][2][3] Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ gụnyere ndị na-ede uri, ndị ọkàiwu, ndị ọka iwu, ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ mpaghara bịara olili ya. E liri ya n’ili ala nna ya na Kot Addu. == Hụkwa == * [[Mai Bhagi|Mai Bhaghi]] * Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi == Ihe edeturu == == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710031906/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/aebd271d-51dc-41af-b4ec-dbf9c246c18f Pathane Khan na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ BBC Music] saowa49t1syd3jm4t371p5hdgt72ib9 0 59170 728437 204756 2026-09-27T08:54:59Z Nnesco14 61761 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369377143|Theresa Kachindamoto]]" 728437 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder | name = Theresa Kachindamoto | image = Theresa Kachindamoto.jpg | caption = Kachindamoto in 2018 | office = Inkosi of Dedza | term_start = 2003 | term_end = 2025 | predecessor = Kachindamoto VI Justino (1988–2001) | successor = | birth_date = 23 November 1958 | birth_place = [[Dedza District]], Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland<br />(present-day Malawi) | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|08|13|1958|11|23|df=y}}<ref name=smp/> | death_place = [[Lilongwe]], Malawi<ref name=smp/> | occupation = }} '''Theresa Kachindamoto''' (23 Nọvemba 1958 – 13 Ọgọst 2025) bụ onyeisi na onye na-akwado ọchịchị Malawi. N'ịbụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mpaghara Dedza dị na etiti [[Malawi]], o nwere ikike n'enweghị iwu n'elu ihe karịrị mmadụ narị puku itoolu. A maara ya maka ike o ji agbaji alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka na ịgba mbọ maka agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke. A kagburu ihe karịrị alụmdi na nwunye puku atọ na narị ise. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Theresa Kachindamoto bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne iri na abụọ n'ezinụlọ [[Tribal chief|ndị ọchịchị ọdịnala]] na Dedza District gburugburu Lake Malawi. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ ruo afọ 27 na kọleji dị na Zomba District na ndịda Malawi. Ọ lụrụ di ma bụrụ nne ụmụ nwoke ise.[3]N'afọ 2003, ndị isi nke mpaghara Dedza họọrọ ya dị ka onye isi ọzọ nke mpaghara ahụ, nke nwere ihe karịrị mmadụ narị puku itoolu, mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye nwụsịrị.[3] O kwuru na a họpụtara ya n'ihi na ọ "na-emeso ndị mmadụ ihe nke ọma" ma bụrụzi onye isi ma ọ masịrị ya ma ọ bụ na ọ masịghị ya. Ọ nabatara ọnọdụ ahụ wee laghachi na Monkey Bay, ebe ọ na-eyi uwe uhie, beads na okpu isi agụ owuru.[3]Theresa ghọrọ Inkosi nke usoro Chidyaonga nke usoro Maseko ma ọ bụ Gomani dị ka Kachindamoto VII na-anọchi Justino Kachindamoto VI, onye nwere aha ahụ site na 1988 ruo 2001 mgbe Sunduzeni nọchiri ya site na 2001 ruo 2003.[5] == Mgbochi alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka == Malawi bụ otu n'ime mba ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa, ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrịa Ọrịa ọ̀bìrì na aja ọchanke 10% nke ndị bi na ya. Nnyocha nke United Nations na puku abụọ na iri na abụọ chọpụtara na ihe karịrị ọkara nke ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na Malawi lụrụ di tupu ha eruo 18, ma mee Malawi ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka n'ụwa, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo.[3]Ụmụ agbọghọ, mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ndị na-eto eto dị ka asaa, na-emetụta omenala mmetọ mmekọahụ nke gụnyere ogige mmalite mmekọahụ maka ''kusasa fumbi'' (ịsacha). N'afọ 2015, Malawi wepụtara iwu machibidoro ịlụ di na nwunye tupu ha eruo afọ iri na asatọ. Otú ọ dị, iwu na iwu omenala nke ndị ọchịchị ọdịnala na-achịkwa ka na-ekwu na ụmụaka nwere ike ịlụ di ma ọ bụrụ na ndị nne na nna ekwenye.[3] Kachindamoto nwere nsogbu mgbe ọ hụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka na mpaghara ya. O nweghị ike ime ka ndị nne na nna gbanwee echiche ha, mana o mere ka ndị isi 50 nọ na distrikti kweta ịkagbu alụmdi na nwunye n'oge na ịkagbu njikọ dị ugbu a.[3]Ọ chụpụrụ ndị isi anọ na-ahụ maka ebe alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka na-aga n'ihu, mesịa weghachite ha mgbe o nwere nkwenye na alụmdi na ụba ndị a kagburu. O mere ka ndị isi obodo kwenye ịgbanwe iwu obodo iji machibido alụmdi na nwunye n'oge.[3]Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2019, o jisiri ike mebie ihe karịrị alụmdi na nwunye puku atọ na narị ise. Omume ya emeela ka a mara ya n'ụwa niile.[7] Na Ọnwa Juun 2015, ọ gwara Maravi Post, "Agbanyụọla m alụmdi na nwunye 330, ee, nke otu narị na iri asaa na ise n'ime ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị na otu narị na iri ise na ise bụ ụmụ nwoke. Achọrọ m ka ha laghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma nke ahụ arụwo ọrụ. " Ọ gwara Nyasa Times, "Achọghị m alụmdi na nwunye ndị ntorobịa, ha ga-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ugbu a, anyị setịpụrụ iwu nke anyị iji chịa onye ọ bụla nọ n'ógbè m mgbe ọ na-abịa n'alụmdi na nwunye ma ọ gaghị ahapụ ehi dị nsọ. ... A gaghị ahụ nwatakịrị na-agagharị n'ụlọ; na-elekọta ubi ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọ bụla n'oge ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ dịghị onye isi obodo, GVH[a] ma ọ bụ ndị ụkọchukwu chọọchị iji mee alụmdi na eze tupu ha enyocha ụbọchị ọmụmụ di na nwunye ahụ.[7][8] Alụm di na nwunye ndị a kagburu bụ omenala, nke ndị isi na-achịkwa, kama alụmdi na nwunye obodo.[9]Onye IsiKachindamoto so ìgwè ndị nne, ndị nkuzi, kọmitii mmepe obodo, ndị isi okpukpe na òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị rụọ ọrụ. Ọ zutere mmegide site n'aka ndị nne na nna na di na nwunye n'onwe ha, ọkachasị ndị nne na nne na nna dara ogbenye mgbe a kwụrụ ụgwọ isi.[9]O chere na mkpọsa ụlọ na ụlọ bụ ihe kachasị n'inweta nkwekọrịta maka ịkagbu njikọ. [9]Ụmụ nwanyị UN na UNICEF na-eme atụmatụ iso ndị isi ọdịnala rụọ ọrụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta omume kachasị mma nke Chief Kachindamoto n'ibelata alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka. [9]Kachindamoto kwuru, "Kụzie nwa agbọghọ ma na-akụziri mpaghara ahụ dum ... Ị na-akụzikwara ụwa". [3][b] == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ puku abụọ na iri abụọ na ise, ọ nwụrụ n'Ụlọ Ọgwụ Kamuzu Ụlọ Ọgwụ Etiti dị na Lilongwe. Akụkọ ndụ ya, onye isi Kasị Elu: Akụkọ onye isi Theresa Kachindamoto, bụ Lindsay Kachika Jere dere maka ụmụaka ma Kate Mkandawire sere ya. == Onyinye == * Na 8 Machị 2017, a kwanyeere Theresa Kachindamoto ùgwù site na Leadership in Public Life Award na 16th Annual Vital Voices Global Partnership Award Ceremony na [[Washington, D.C.]], USA. * N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2024, e nyere ya nzere doctorate nke KU Leuven na UCLouvain. * N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2024, e nyere ya onyinye African Genius Award 2024. == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Ebe e si nweta ya == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />   93mvlatcak9z83xgeon0wa4ua9w2po0 0 59794 728395 368896 2026-09-27T03:41:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728395 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Sophie_Bessis-Festival_international_de_géographie_2011_(3).jpg|thumb|Sophie Bessis]] Sophie Bessis (Arabic: صوفي بسيس , 1947) bụ onye Tunisia onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye nta akụkọ, onye nyocha na onye ode akwụkwọ nwanyị. Odela ọtụtụ ọrụ n'asụsụ French, Spanish, na Bekee gbasara mmepe na Maghreb na mba Arab, yana ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na-akatọ mkpọrọ njirimara a tụrụ ha.[1]Ọ bụ onye nnata ihe nrite akwụkwọ edemede Paris Liège ma kwanyere ya ugwu dị ka Commandeur of the Order of the Republic..<ref>{{Cite web|title=صوفي بسيس – Charbi Education|url=https://charbi.education/%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b3/|accessdate=2023-04-16|language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=صوفي بسيس|url=http://tunisiamirror.com/tag/sofy-bsys|accessdate=2023-04-16|work=مرآة تونس|language=ar|archivedate=2023-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416113149/http://tunisiamirror.com/tag/sofy-bsys}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tunisian-French Feminist Sophie Bessis: Identity as Folklore - Qantara.de|url=https://en.qantara.de/content/tunisian-french-feminist-sophie-bessis-identity-as-folklore|accessdate=2023-04-16|work=Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|language=en}}</ref> Ọkà mmụta akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu Jeune Afrique, Bessis bụ onye nyocha ugbu a na Institute for International and Strategic Relations (IRIS) na Paris na osote odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke International Federation for Human Rights Leagues (FIDH). Ọ kuziri akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mmepe na Ngalaba Sayensị Ọchịchị na Sorbonne na na Institut national des langues et civilizations orientale (INALCO). Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ maka UNESCO na UNICEF, rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ na Africa.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Sophie Bessis na Tunis n'afọ 1947. Ezinụlọ ya so n'ezinụlọ ndị Juu nọ n'ọkwá dị elu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2017/07/21/tunisie-les-livres-des-bessis-offerts-a-la-bibliotheque-nationale/|title=Tunisie : Les livres des Bessis offerts à la Bibliothèque nationale – Kapitalis|date=21 July 2017|accessdate=28 May 2018|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Juliette Bessis, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, prọfesọ, na onye nchọpụta bụ ọkachamara na Maghreb ma bụrụ onye agha Kọm[[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]]; na Aldo Bessis, onye otu Union syndicale des travailleurs de Tunisie na ọkachamara nke U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/salah-horchani/blog/200317/juliette-bessis-mon-professeur-qui-m-appris-aimer-l-histoire-n-est-plus|title=Juliette Bessis, mon professeur qui m'a appris à aimer l'histoire, n'est plus|author=horchani|first=salah|accessdate=28 May 2018|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.humanite.fr/lhistorienne-juliette-bessis-nous-quitte-gabes-1925-paris-18-mars-2017-633732|title=L'historienne Juliette Bessis, nous quitte (Gabès 1925 – Paris, 18 mars 2017)|date=21 March 2017|accessdate=28 May 2018|work=L'Humanité|language=fr}}</ref> Bessis kwagara France na 1975, ebe ọ gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ma rụọ ọrụ nwa oge dị ka onye nta akụkọ. Dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke kwa izu, Jeune Afrique . Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mmepe na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Sorbonne na INALCO. Dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka UNESCO na UNICEF, o sonyere n'ọtụtụ ọrụ na Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iris-france.org/chercheurs/sophie-bessis/|title=Chercheurs {{!}} IRIS|work=www.iris-france.org|language=fr-FR|accessdate=27 May 2018|archivedate=20 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520195238/http://www.iris-france.org/chercheurs/sophie-bessis/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nduzi nyocha na Institute of International and Strategic Relations (IRIS) nke Paris na osote odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH). Bessis bụ onye dere ọtụtụ ọrụ gụnyere akụkọ ndụ nke Habib Bourguiba na [[Souhayr Belhassen]]. N'afọ 2007, o bipụtara "Los árabes, las mujeres y la libertad" ("''Ndị Arab, ụmụ nwanyị na nnwere onwe''") nke nyochara ihe nketa nke ndị na-eme mgbanwe n'Ijipt na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ma ọ bụ Bourguiba, nke wepụtara na 1956 iwu nke tọhapụrụ ndị Tunisia ma nyochaa mgbanwe nke ndị Arab na mmechui nke mmepe nke ndị Alakụba na nloghachi na njirimara dabere naanị na ụkpụrụ okpukpe.   [nkọwa dị mkpa] Bessis katọrọ mkpọrọ njirimara nke a na-etinye ụmụ nwanyị na mba ha na n'ụwa ndị Arab.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This phrase &quot;identity imprisonment&quot; is idiosyncratic yet not explained or cited in this article (May 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Na 2017, o bipụtara Les Valeureuses ou Cinq Tunisiennes dans l'Histoire, [1] nke ọ na-egosi akụkọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị isi na Tunisia, ya bụ Elissa, onye tọrọ ntọala Phoenician adaeze nke Carthage (nke a makwaara dị ka Dido / Didon); onye na-abụ abụ na onye Juu na-eme ihe nkiri Habiba Msika, bụ onye na 1920 pụtara maka anya mmebi iwu ya; Aïcha Sayida Manoubia, "onye nsọ efu" nke narị afọ nke iri na atọ ghọtara na omenala Sufi; Aziza Othmana, ama ama Tunisian-Ottoman adaeze nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa; na Habiba Menchari bụ́ nwanyị nwanyị, onye ogbako ya na Jenụwarị 1929 megidere ojiji nke ákwà mkpuchi tụrụ Habib Bourguiba akpata oyi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/03/24/les-valeureuses-de-sophie-bessis-ou-le-pantheon-feminin-de-la-tunisie_5100078_3212.html|title=" Les Valeureuses " de Sophie Bessis ou le panthéon féminin de la Tunisie|work=Le Monde.fr|language=fr|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, Bessis kwupụtara onyinye nke ọbá akwụkwọ nne na nna ya, nchịkọta akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Tunisia na Maghreb, na National Library of Tunis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bibliotheque.nat.tn/4697/|title=المؤرّخة التّونسيّة صوفي بسّيس تهدي دار الكتب الوطنيّة مكتبة والديها، جوليات وألدو بسّيس|accessdate=28 May 2018|language=ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927084723/http://www.bibliotheque.nat.tn/4697/|archive-date=27 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/07/21/sophie-bessis-bibliothequ_n_17550058.html|title=L'historienne Sophie Bessis fait un don de la bibliothèque de ses parents à la Bibliothèque nationale tunisienne|date=21 July 2017|accessdate=28 May 2018|language=fr-MG}}</ref> == Onyinye == * 2015, Paris Liège literary prize for La Double impasse: l'universel à l'épreuve des fondamentalismes religieux et marchand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paris-liege.be/sophie-bessis/|title=Sophie Bessis – Prix littéraire Paris-Liège|work=paris-liege.be|language=fr-FR|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> * 2016, Commandeur de l'Ordre de la République.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://directinfo.webmanagercenter.com/2016/08/13/des-competences-tunisiennes-decorees-des-insignes-de-lordre-de-la-republique/|title=Des compétences tunisiennes décorées des insignes de l'Ordre de la République {{!}} Directinfo|work=Directinfo|language=fr-FR|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == === N'asụsụ French === * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]<small> ( )  </small> * La Dernière Frontière: les tiers-mones et la tentation de l'Occident, Paris, Jean-Claude Lattès, 1983 (notice BnF no FRBNF34725538) <small> (Nkwupụta BnF no FRBNF34725538) </small> * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]<small> ( )  </small> * Habib Bourguiba: biographie en deux volumes, Paris, Jeune Afrique, 1988; reed. Elyzad, Tunis, 20124 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]<small> ( )  </small> * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]<small> ( )  </small> * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''N'ime, n'èzí'', Tunis, Elyzad, 2010 <small> ( )  </small> * La Double impasse: l'universel à l'épreuve des fondamentalismes religieux et marchand, Paris, La Découverte, coll. "Cahiers libres", 2014 <small> ( )  </small> * Les Valeureuses: ise Tunisiennes dans l'histoire, Tunis, Elyzad, 2017 <small> ( )  </small> === N'asụsụ Spanish === * ''Ụmụ nwanyị nke Magreb, ihe dị n'ihe ize ndụ'' (1994) Editorial Awa na awa * ''Ụnwụ nri n'ụwa'' (1994) * ''Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na ndị ọzọ: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịdị elu''. (2002) Alianza Editorial * Ọnọdụ mberede nke ụwa: akụ na ụba, ike alteridad (2005) Nobel * ''Ndị Arab, ụmụ nwanyị, nnwere onwe'' (2007) Alianza Editorial * ''Nwaanyị na ezinụlọ n'etiti ndị Arab nke oge a''. (2010) Editorial Bellaterra === N'asụsụ Bekee === * ''Ịdị nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị Tunisia nwee ike''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2017/10/19/equal-inheritance-for-daughters-is-key-to-womens-empowerment|title=Equal inheritance for daughters is key to Tunisian women's empowerment|author=Bessis|first=Sophie|accessdate=28 May 2018}}</ref> * <nowiki><i id="mwyg">Ọdịda Anyanwụ: Mmeri nke Echiche? Akwụkwọ Zed, 2003</i></nowiki> == Hụkwa == * [[Bochra Belhaj Hmida]] == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 88kkzxga432z9v4fg46sz8mqzx1t54w 0 60220 728324 723437 2026-09-26T22:12:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{KEN}} |- |rowspan=2|2004 |[[Stockholm Marathon]] |[[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Marathon |2:35:14 |- |[[Milan Marathon]] |[[Milan]], [[Italy]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Marathon |2:28:11 |- |2005 |[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]] |7th |Marathon |[[2005 World Championships in Athletics – Women's Marathon|2:24:22]] |- |rowspan=2|2006 |[[Paris Half Marathon]] |Paris, France |bgcolor=gold|1st |Half marathon |1:09:56 |- |[[Boston Marathon]] |[[Boston|Boston, United States]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Marathon |2:23:38 |- |2007 |[[Lisbon Half Marathon]] |[[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Half marathon |1:07:05 |- |rowspan=2|2013 |[[2013 Boston Marathon|Boston Marathon]] |Boston, United States |bgcolor=gold|1st |Marathon |2:26:25 |- |[[2013 Chicago Marathon|Chicago Marathon]] |[[Chicago|Chicago, United States]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Marathon |2:19:57 |- |rowspan=2|2014 |[[2014 Boston Marathon|Boston Marathon]] |Boston, United States |bgcolor=pink| DSQ (1st) |Marathon |<s>2:18:57 (CR)</s> |- |[[2014 Chicago Marathon|Chicago Marathon]] |Chicago, United States |bgcolor=pink| DSQ (1st) |Marathon |<s>2:24:35</s> |- |} [[Faịlụ:2005_WC_Marathon_Women_449_Rita_Sitienei_Jeptoo.jpg|thumb|Jeptoo na-asọmpi na Marathon na 2005 World Championships]] [[Faịlụ:Rita_jeptoo_2013_boston_marathon.jpg|thumb|Jeptoo, na-agba ọsọ na 2013 Boston Marathon, nke ọ meriri, gosipụtara na ọ na-eru nso n'etiti Wellesley]] '''Rita Jeptoo''' (amụrụ na 15 Febụwarị 1981) bụ onye Kenya na-agba ọsọ marathon. Tinyere mmeri nke Boston Marathon ugboro abụọ, ọ nwetakwala mmeri na marathons na Chicago, Stockholm, na Milan. Jeptoo Jeptoo bụ onye nwetara ọla nchara na 2006 IAAF World Road Running Championship na-anọchite anya Kenya. Na 2014, Jeptoo nwetara mmachibido iwu doping asọmpi afọ abụọ, bụ nke mechara mụbaa ruo afọ anọ, mgbe ọ nwesịrị nyocha nke ọma maka EPO na ule asọmpi na-apụtaghị na 25 Septemba 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/endurance/story/_/id/11814692/rita-jeptoo-tested-positive-epo-officials-say|title=Rita Jeptoo tested positive for EPO|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=3 November 2014|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Kaduk">{{Cite news|first=Kevin|author=Kaduk|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/the-turnstile/marathon-champ-rita-jeptoo-receives-two-year-ban-for-positive-drug-test-141220783.html|title=Marathon champ Rita Jeptoo receives two-year ban for positive drug test|date=30 January 2015|accessdate=10 February 2015|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108131628/https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/the-turnstile/marathon-champ-rita-jeptoo-receives-two-year-ban-for-positive-drug-test-141220783.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKaduk2015">Kaduk, Kevin (30 January 2015). <span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="IAAF list Feb 2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=ad3b75a2-47df-4d74-b322-30eda316049e.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules|title=Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 06.03.15|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=7 March 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=ad3b75a2-47df-4d74-b322-30eda316049e.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules "Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 06.03.15"]. IAAF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="IAAF News 160">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=5bc35605-c12a-4119-8f7e-74cc561b21ea.pdf&urlslug=NEWS%20160%20-%20February%202015|title=IAAF News Issue 160, 24 February 2015|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=24 February 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=5bc35605-c12a-4119-8f7e-74cc561b21ea.pdf&urlslug=NEWS%20160%20-%20February%202015 "IAAF News Issue 160, 24 February 2015"]. IAAF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="jeptoocas">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3979__final_.pdf|title=IAAF appeal upheld - Rita Jeptoo suspended for four years by the court of arbitration for sport (CAS)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3979__final_.pdf "IAAF appeal upheld - Rita Jeptoo suspended for four years by the court of arbitration for sport (CAS)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Jeptoo meriri 2004 Stockholm Marathon, asọmpi marathon mbụ ya, [1] wee nweta mmeri n'usoro na Marathon Milan.[2] Ọ gụchara nke atọ na 2005 Turin Marathon na nke asaa na 2005 World Championships. N'afọ 2006, o setịpụrụ oge kachasị mma nke onwe ya nke 2:23:38 na-emeri Boston Marathon, ọ nwetara aha na Paris Half Marathon, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_ParisHM.htm|title=untitled|work=www.arrs.run|accessdate=2018-05-02|archivedate=2018-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124603/https://www.arrs.run/HP_ParisHM.htm}}</ref> ọ meriri ọla nchara na 2006 World Road Running Championship, ọ bụ onye nke anọ na New York City Marathon n'otu afọ ahụ. N'afọ 2007, ọ mechara nke anọ na Boston, na-anwa ịgbachitere aha ya, e hotara ya ka ọ na-ekwu, "Enweghị m mmetụta dị mma na oyi. Enweghị m ike inweta ahụ m na rhythm. " Ọ meriri Lisbon Half Marathon n'afọ ahụ, mgbe e mesịrị gaa n'ihu na-ewere ọnọdụ nke asaa na marathon na 2007 World Championships in Athletics. Ọ mechiri 2007 ya na ndekọ ọhụrụ na Obudu Ranch International Mountain Race, na-enweta US $ 50,000 n'ihi ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/jeptoo-awash-cruise-to-obudu-mountain-victori|title=Jeptoo, Awash cruise to Obudu Mountain victories|author=Hughes|first=Danny|date=24 November 2007|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=28 April 2016}}</ref> Ọ meriri Portugal Half Marathon na 2008. O so na ndị na-agba ọsọ na Boston na New York marathon n'oge ahụ, gụchara nke atọ na anọ n'otu n'otu.O wepụrụ oge ịgba ọsọ maka ezumike ọmụmụ site na njedebe 2008 gaa n'ihu, laghachi na asọmpi na 2011.[1]  Marathon Rotterdam bụ ọpụpụ marathon ọ ga-eji bịa na nke ise wee jiri oge elekere 2:28:09 bịa.[2]  Ọ gbara ọsọ marathon ya kacha ọsọ kemgbe 2005 na Marathon Frankfurt, na-ewere ọnọdụ nke ise ka elekere 2:25:44 gachara.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Butcher|first=Pat|date=30 October 2012|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/kipsang-tantalises-with-20342-world-record-as|title=Kipsang tantalises with 2:03:42 World record assault in Frankfurt|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=28 April 2016}}</ref> N'ịlaghachi na saịtị nke mmeri 2006 ya, ọ bịara nke isii na 2012 Boston Marathon.[1] Ọ bịara nke anọ na Beach ruo Beacon 10K na Falmouth Road Race, mana wepụtara arụmọrụ ya kacha mma n'ime ọkara afọ iri na Marathon Chicago 2012. Mkparịta ụka siri ike ya na Atsede Baysa na agba ikpeazụ nke asọmpi ahụ mere ka ọ gụsịa n'ike n'ike dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ, mana oge ya nke 2:22:04 awa kụpụrụ ihe karịrị otu nkeji na ọkara n'ime ihe kacha mma ya dị afọ isii.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Gugala|first=Jon|date=7 October 2012|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/course-record-for-kebede-baysa-dethrones-shob|title=Course record for Kebede, Baysa dethrones Shobukhova – Chicago Marathon report|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2 February 2013}}</ref> 2013 RAK Half Marathon dị ngwa nke na Jeptoo meziwanyere ihe kachasị mma ya ruo nkeji 66:27 - na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye nke ise kachasị ọsọ - mana ọ hapụrụ ya n'ọnọdụ nke atọ na ọsọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=IAAF|title=Kabuu and Kipsang triumph in high-quality races at Ras al-Khaimah Half|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/kabuu-and-kipsang-triumph-in-high-quality-rac|date=15 February 2013|accessdate=2 March 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, ọ meriri ma Boston Marathon na oge nke 2:26:25, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/2014-boston-marathon-ethiopia-lelisa-desisa-k|title=Desisa and Jeptoo will defend their Boston Marathon titles|publisher=IAAF|date=13 December 2013}}</ref> na Chicago Marathon na mgbe nke 2:19:57 (nke kacha mma). <ref>{{Cite news|publisher=IAAF|date=13 October 2013|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/kimetto-smashes-course-record-jeptoo-cracks-2|title=Kimetto smashes course record, Jeptoo cracks 2:20 in Chicago}}</ref> Jeptoo sonyere na Marathon Boston na 2014 wee dekọọ ya na mbụ dị ka onye mmeri.[1] Agbanyeghị, na-esochi mmachibido iwu doping ya, ewepụrụ ya ma wepụ aha ya na ndekọ ndekọ. === Ikpe ọgwụ ọjọọ === Jeptoo gbachitere ihe nrite ya na Chicago Marathon n'afọ 2014, jiri oge 2:24:35. Otú ọ dị, o nwere ule doping dị mma na "A" sample ya, nke e nyere na Kenya izu abụọ tupu asọmpi ahụ. Onye nnọchi anya ya [[Federico Rosa]], aha a ma ama na ịgba ọsọ marathon, kwadoro eziokwu ahụ mana ọ jụrụ ikpughe ihe kpatara ya. E mechara kpughee na ihe a machibidoro iwu bụ EPO, na asọmpi Kenya machiri ya iwu afọ abụọ.<ref name="Kaduk"/> <ref name="IAAF list Feb 2015"/><ref name="IAAF News 160"/> N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015, Ụlọikpe Arbitration for Sport kwupụtara na ọ natara arịrịọ abụọ dị iche iche gbasara mmachibido iwu ahụ. Otu, nke sitere na Jeptoo, rịọrọ ka ewepụ mkpebi ahụ a na-ama aka, ma wepụ nkwụsị afọ abụọ ahụ. Nke abụọ sitere na International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) , bụ ndị rịọrọ ka a mụbaa mmachibido iwu Jeptoo ruo afọ anọ, n'ihi "..ọnọdụ na-akawanye njọ nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-eme ka a ghara iru eru ruo ogologo oge. "<ref name="Daily Nation Kenya Ban Appeal">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/sports/athletics/Kenya-marathon-star-Rita-Jeptoo-facing-increased-doping-ban/-/1100/2693758/-/qu2x07/-/index.html|title=Jeptoo facing increased doping ban|publisher=Daily Nation Kenya|date=22 April 2015|accessdate=22 April 2015}} The Court in its statement announced that both appeals were currently in progress, with no decision date given.</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, ụlọ ikpe Arbitration for Sport kwadoro arịrịọ sitere n'aka IAAF megide mmachi afọ abụọ nke Athletics Kenya nyere, ma kama ịtọ mmachibido iwu afọ anọ, na nkwụsị nke nsonaazụ niile mgbe 17 Eprel 2014, gụnyere mmeri ya na 2014 Boston na Chicago marathon, na-ezo aka na "omume aghụghọ ya na nke mgbochi n'oge usoro ahụ niile" dị ka ihe na-akawanye njọ na-egosi na ntaramahụhụ kacha njọ.<ref name="jeptoocas"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2016/10/26/rita-jeptoo-boston-marathon|title=Rita Jeptoo Stripped Of 2014 Boston Marathon Win|author=Dunbar|first=Graham|date=October 26, 2016|publisher=WBUR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026224204/https://www.wbur.org/news/2016/10/26/rita-jeptoo-boston-marathon|archivedate=2020-10-26}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ Noah Busienei, onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/marathon/runners/2007_runners/jeptoo.htm|publisher=Boston Marathon Runner|title=Profile – Rita Jeptoo|accessdate=10 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522185353/http://www.boston.com/marathon/runners/2007_runners/jeptoo.htm|archive-date=22 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * Rita JeptoonaEgwuregwu Ụwa [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sda9olfevuccx1kwd5qohk9wpl1hjx4 0 60476 728359 631445 2026-09-27T01:16:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sandister Tei''' (/ˈteɪ/ TAY) bụ onye Ghanaan mgbasa ozi ọkachamara nke onye akpọrọ Wikimedian nke Afọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020 site n'aka onye guzobere Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] n'oge Wikimania 2020. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye ọrụ afọ ofufo raara onwe ya nye nke Wikimedia Ghana User Group . <ref name="GhanaWeb-2013">{{Cite web|date=2013-08-23|title=Planning Wikimedia Ghana|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Planning-Wikimedia-Ghana-283480|work=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2021-01-13|language=en}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Tei na Accra, Ghana.[1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Achimota, emesịa na Mahadum Ghana, ebe ọ gụrụ Geography[1] wee nye ya ndị Tullow Group onyinye mmụta na 2013 iji nweta akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa na Mahadum Cardiff.[2] == Ọrụ == N'ịgbaso nzere masta ya na Mahadum Cardiff, Tei sonyeere ọwa dijitalụ Al Jazeera AJ+ na 2014. <ref name="Knott-2017">{{Cite web|first=Stacey|author=Knott|title=Ghana's Purple People|url=https://folks.pillpack.com/ghanas-purple-people/|work=Folks|accessdate=15 October 2020|date=1 February 2017|archivedate=27 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927010151/https://folks.pillpack.com/ghanas-purple-people/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Boakye-Yiadom|first=Nana|title=Student journalists dig into data after Journoshop II|work=Ghana News|date=8 February 2016|url=http://citifmonline.com/2016/02/08/student-journalists-dig-into-data-after-journoshop-ii/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501215101/http://citifmonline.com/2016/02/08/student-journalists-dig-into-data-after-journoshop-ii/|archive-date=1 May 2016|access-date=8 May 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref> O mechara rụọ ọrụ na Joy FM nwa oge dị ka onye isi mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta wee kwaga Citi FM dị ka onye nta akụkọ multimedia.<ref name="TGSS">{{Cite web|title=TGSS Alumni|url=https://tgssalumnigroup.org/en/profile/SandisterTei.html|work=tgssalumnigroup.org|accessdate=15 October 2020|archivedate=15 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115154453/https://tgssalumnigroup.org/en/profile/SandisterTei.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Student journalists dig into data after Journoshop II|url=http://citifmonline.com/2016/02/student-journalists-dig-into-data-after-journoshop-ii/|work=Citi 97.3 FM – Relevant Radio. Always|accessdate=15 October 2020|date=8 February 2016|archivedate=16 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216174149/https://citifmonline.com/2016/02/student-journalists-dig-into-data-after-journoshop-ii/}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-01|title=Together, Citi Breakfast Show team is 'more'; Fidelity Bank lives by their example [Article]|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/10/together-citi-breakfast-show-team-is-more-fidelity-bank-lives-by-their-example-article/|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref>Tei mechara sonye na ihe ngosi oge ịkwọ ụgbọala okporo ụzọ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ n'akụkụ Jessica Opare-Saforo.[1] Ọ bụkwa onye na-egosi ihe ngosi Tech na Social Media na Citi Breakfast Show. Ruo mgbe ọ hapụrụ Citi, ọ bụ osote onye njikwa mmemme maka Citi FM na Citi TV. Ewezuga ọrụ ya na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, Tei bụkwa onye na-enye ọzụzụ mgbasa ozi dijitalụ nke kwadoro ọzụzụ maka Young African Leaders Initiative, Voice Olu America, Office of the Mayor of Accra . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcamp.america.gov/bios/sandister-tei/|title=Sandister Tei|work=TechCamp|accessdate=20 October 2020|archivedate=24 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024123345/https://techcamp.america.gov/bios/sandister-tei/}}</ref> Tei arụwo ọrụ maka Wikimedia Foundation <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandister Tei|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/profile/sandister-tei/|work=Wikimedia Foundation|accessdate=26 March 2023|archivedate=2 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202205046/https://wikimediafoundation.org/profile/sandister-tei/}}</ref> kemgbe 2021. == Ọrụ Wikimedia == [[Faịlụ:Sandister_Tei_05.jpg|thumb|Tei n'oge 2016 Wikimedia edit-a-thon]] Tei bụ onye guzobere Wikimedia Ghana User Group, otu obodo nke ndị Wikimedians nke Ghana nke e guzobere na 2012. Ọrụ afọ ofufo ya n'ebe ahụ gụnyere iwebata ndị editọ Wikipedia na ọrụ mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ. O nyekwara aka malite mkpọsa iji malite mkpesa na Freedom of Panorama na Ghana na 2018 na re:publica Accra . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandister Tei, curator and media journalism|url=https://accra18.re-publica.com/en/user/17463|work=accra18.re-publica.com/|date=14 December 2018|publisher=Re:publica|accessdate=6 December 2020|archivedate=16 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216174150/https://accra18.re-publica.com/en/user/17463}}</ref> Ọ nọchitere anya otu Wikimedia Ghana User Group na Washington, DC, ka ya na ndị na-ahazi Wikimania 2012 kparịta ụka gbasara ụzọ isi bulie ọdịnaya Africa na Wikipedia.[1] N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ gara Wikimania na Hong Kong dị ka akụkụ nke nzukọ nke ndị editọ Africa, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ si Ghana bịara nzukọ dị otú ahụ.[1] O sonye na Wikimedia Summit 2019 na Berlin, na-akwalite mgbasawanye nke isiokwu Africa na ọrụ Wikimedia. Otu n'ime ebumnuche ya bụ "ịgbanwe" na "nweta echiche dị iche iche". Akpọrọ ya aha Wikimedian nke Afọ na 15 Ọktoba 2020 site n'aka Wikipedia onye nchoputa Jimmy Wales na mgbasa ozi YouTube na Facebook. [1] [2] [3] E jara Tei mma maka ntinye aka ya na ọrụ Wikimedia na oria ojoo COVID-19 na Ghana, na-enyere aka idobe ndekọ na-adịgide adịgide nke mmetụta ọrịa a. N'ihi mmachi njem, Wales enweghị ike ịnye Tei ihe nrite ahụ n'onwe ya dịka ọ na-eme, kama ọ gwara ya okwu na oku mbugharị ngwa ngwa.[4] == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == Mgbe ọ nọ na Wales, a chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa ịda mbà n'obi na ọgwụgwọ ya na-esote nyere aka melite ma ọnọdụ ya na akara ya; o wee guzobe Purple People, otu nkwado ahụike uche (nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ugbu a) maka ndị nwere nsogbu ọnọdụ uche, ọtụtụ afọ mgbe ọ lụchara ọgụ megide ịda mbà na nkụ n'obi n'onwe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-01|title=Ghana's Purple People|url=https://folks.pillpack.com/ghanas-purple-people/|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=Folks|language=en-US|archivedate=27 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927010151/https://folks.pillpack.com/ghanas-purple-people/}}</ref>{{Clear}} * Ndepụta nke ndị Wikipedia == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Sandister TeinaTwitter * Mgbasa ozi metụtaraSandister Teina Wikimedia Commons [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 08tk5fvve10jo03d29pgp7sv400xnvo 0 60490 728335 723302 2026-09-26T22:34:14Z SafariScribe 18560 ce 728335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pope Leo XIV''' (amụrụ '''Robert Francis Prevost''' na Septemba 14, 1955) bụ onye isi nke uka Katọlik na ónyé ọchịchị nkè mba [[Vatican City]]. A họpụtara ya kà ọ bụrụ popu na nzukọ nkè afọ 2025 nà Mee 8, 2025, mgbe ọnwụ Popu Francis gasịrị. A mụrụ yà nà [[Chicago]], Illinois, a họpụtara Prevost dị ka ụkọchukwu maka Order nke6 Saint Augustine na 1982. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ọrụ dị ukwuu na [[Peru]] site na 1985 ruo 1986 ma site nà 1988 rụọ 1998, ebe ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ụkọchukwu parish, ónyé isi diocesan, onye nkuzi seminarị, na onye nchịkwa. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyé isi Order nke Saint Augustine site na 2001 rụo 2013, o mechara laghachi Peru dị kà Bishọp nke Chiclayo (2015-2023). N'afọ 2023, Popu Francis họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nkè Dicastery màkà Bishops na ónyé isi oche nke Pontifical Commission nke Latin America, ma mee ya kadinal n'otu afọ ahụ. nwa amaala abụọ nke United States na Peru, Leo XIV bụ popu mbụ si North America nakwa si United States, na onye mbụ nwere nwa amaala Peruvia. Ọ bụ popu mbụ sitere na Order nke Saint Augustine. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == [[Faịlụ:Pope_Leo_XIV_childhood_home.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ebe Robert Francis Prevost toro na Dolton, Illinois]] A mụrụ Robert Francis Prevost na Septemba 14, 1955, na Mercy Hospital na mpaghara Bronzeville nke [[Chicago]], Illinois. <ref name="FitzPatrick 2025">{{Cite news|author=FitzPatrick|first=Lauren|date=May 3, 2025|title=From Chicago's south suburbs to helping choose the next pope|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/religion/2025/05/03/robert-prevost-pope-francis-conclave-catholic-church-dolton-saint-mary-assumption-parish|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref> <ref name="Bosman 2025">{{Cite news|author=Bosman|first=Julie|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV Grew Up in the Chicago Area|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/08/us/pope-leo-xiv-chicago.html|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ward|first=Joe|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV Named First American Pope — And He's From Chicago|url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2025/05/08/pope-leo-xiv-named-first-american-pope-and-hes-from-chicago/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Block Club Chicago]]}}</ref> Nne ya, Mildred (née Martínez) Prevost, onye obodo nke 7th Ward nke New Orleans, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum DePaul nwee nweta nzere bachelọ na sayensị ọbá akwụkwọ n'afo 1947, ebe nna ya, Louis Marius Prevost, bụ onye agha mmiri nke United States nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] na onye nlekọta nke Brookwood School District 167 na Glenwood, Illinois. <ref name="Chicago Tribune 1990">{{Cite news|date=June 20, 1990|title=Obituary for Mildred Prevost|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-obituary-for-mildred-pre/171971476/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|page=28}}</ref><ref name="Chicago Tribune 1997">{{Cite news|date=November 10, 1997|title=Obituary for Louis M. Prevost|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-obituary-for-louis-m-pr/171963827/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|page=6|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=de Senneville|first=Loup Besmond|date=January 30, 2023|title=Démission du cardinal Ouellet : un évêque américain placé à la tête du dicastère pour les évêques|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Demission-cardinal-Ouellet-eveque-americain-place-tete-dicastere-eveques-2023-01-30-1201252968|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[La Croix (newspaper)|La Croix]]|language=fr}}</ref> Prevost nwere ụmụnne nwoke abụọ ndị tọrọ ya, Louis na John. Nna ya bụ nwa Jean Lanti Prevost, nwoke Itali - nke sitere na France na Italian - site na Settimo Rottaro, nso Turin, na Suzanne Fontaine, nwanyị French si Le Havre.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Luca|author=Rolandi|url=https://torino.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/25_maggio_09/papa-leone-xiv-ha-un-nonno-torinese-l-ipotesi-del-sito-di-genealogie-jean-lanti-prevost-sarebbe-nato-nel-capoluogo-nel-1876-757a69f3-4341-409e-9e8f-dd506c3d4xlk.shtml|title=Papa Leone XIV aveva un nonno torinese?|work=Corriere di Torino|date=9 May 2025|accessdate=9 May 2025|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/biography-of-robert-francis-prevost-pope-leo-xiv.html|title=Biography of Pope Leo XIV, born Robert Francis Prevost|work=[[Vatican News]]|date=8 May 2025|accessdate=9 May 2025|archivedate=May 9, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509044847/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/biography-of-robert-francis-prevost-pope-leo-xiv.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mazza|first=Vivianna|date=May 8, 2025|title=John Prevost, il fratello del Papa: 'Seguirà le orme di Francesco. Origini italiane del nome? Non so'|url=https://video.corriere.it/john-prevost-il-fratello-del-papa-seguira-le-orme-di-francesco-origini-italiane-del-nome-non-so/6ea4106d-7eb4-4fed-95cc-5da9f4ea6xlk|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=Corriere TV|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Serra|first=Oscar|date=May 9, 2025|title=Prevost, le origini italiane (come Bergoglio) e quel cognome che rimanda al Nord Ovest|url=https://www.lastampa.it/cronaca/2025/05/09/news/prevost_origini_italiane_come_bergoglio_nome_profezia-15139133/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=La Stampa|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/religions/pape-leon-xiv/la-grand-mere-du-nouveau-pape-leon-xiv-etait-fille-de-patissiers-en-normandie-20a25bc0-2ca8-11f0-a098-f31d02249152|title=La grand-mère du nouveau pape Léon XIV était « fille de pâtissiers » en Normandie|work=[[Ouest-France]]|date=9 May 2025|accessdate=9 May 2025|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=May 8, 2025|title=Who are Robert Prevost's family members? Here are Pope Leo XIV's parents, siblings|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/05/08/robert-prevost-pope-leo-xiv-family-parents-siblings/83516587007/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV grew up in Dolton, Illinois, studied and taught in Chicago area|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/pope-leo-xiv-born-in-chicago-grew-up-dolton-illinois/|publisher=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=May 9, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Fausset & Chiarito 2025">{{Cite news|author=Fausset|first=Richard|date=May 8, 2025|title=New Pope Has Creole Roots in New Orleans|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/08/us/pope-leo-creole-new-orleans.html|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Nne ya Mildred bụ onye Black Creole, nwa nwanyị nke nna agbụrụ ngwakọta a mụrụ na Hispaniola, Joseph Martínez, na Louise Baquiet a mụrụ na [[New Orleans]] (nke a sụgharịrị ''Baquiex''), onye bụkwa agbụrụ ngwakọtara. <ref name="FitzPatrick 2025" /> <ref name="Fausset & Chiarito 2025" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Levitan|first=Hannah|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV has roots in New Orleans' 7th Ward. See his family lineage and history.|url=https://www.nola.com/news/first-american-pope-roots-new-orleans/article_3c7bfdf1-8f69-452e-af01-90aa012366df.html|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate]]}}</ref> A zụlitere ya na Dolton, Illinois, ógbè dịpụrụ adịpụ nke dị n'akụkụ South Side nke Chicago, Prevost tolitere na parish nke St. Mary of the Assumption, ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma bụọ abụ ya na ndị ukwe, ma jee ozi dị ka nwa nwoke ebe ịchụàjà.<ref name="FitzPatrick 2025" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Lourgos|first=Angie Leventis|date=May 8, 2025|title=Robert Prevost was 'the pride and joy of every priest and nun' at St. Mary's on Chicago's South Side|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2025/05/08/robert-prevost-chicago-pope-xiv/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref>[d] A maara ya dị ka "Bob" ma ọ bụ "Rob" n'oge ọ bụ nwata, <ref name="FitzPatrick 2025" /> ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na St. Uloakwukwo Augustine Seminary High, obere seminarị na Holland, Michigan, na afọ 1973, <ref name="Griffin 2025">{{Cite news|author=Griffin|first=Jake|date=May 8, 2025|title='It was a shocking moment': New pope's brother lives in New Lenox|url=https://www.dailyherald.com/20250508/news/it-was-a-shocking-moment-new-popes-brother-lives-in-new-lenox/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Chicago Daily Herald]]}}</ref> na-enweta akwụkwọ ozi ịja mma maka agụmakwụkwọ dị mma, na-apụta mgbe niile na akwụkwọ nsọpụrụ, ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akwụkwọ afọ, odeakwụkwọ nke kansụl ụmụ akwụkwọ, na onye otu National Honor Society.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mervosh|first=Sarah|date=May 9, 2025|title=Two Priests Reflect on Their Longtime Friend Bob, Now Pope Leo XIV|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/08/us/pope-leo-bob-villanova.html|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Van Gilder|first=Rachel|date=May 8, 2025|title=New pope attended Catholic high school in West Michigan|url=https://www.woodtv.com/news/allegan-county/new-pope-attended-catholic-school-in-west-michigan/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|publisher=[[WOOD-TV]]|archive-date=May 9, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509061043/https://www.woodtv.com/news/allegan-county/new-pope-attended-catholic-school-in-west-michigan/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=October 7, 1972|title=Robert Prevost is Commended|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-holland-evening-sentinel-robert-prev/171971875/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[The Holland Sentinel]]|pages=5}}</ref><ref name="The Holland Evening Sentinel-1974">{{Cite news|date=February 20, 1974|title=St. Augustine Wins 1973 Yearbook Award|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-holland-evening-sentinel-st-augusti/171973007/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=The Holland Sentinel|pages=17}}</ref> O sonyekwara n'okwu na arụmụka. <ref>{{Cite news|date=October 24, 1972|title=Attends State Forensic Congress in Lansing|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-holland-evening-sentinel-robert-pre/171978267/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[The Holland Sentinel]]}}</ref> Prevost nwetara nzere Bachelor nke Science (BS) na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Villanova, kọleji Augustinia, n'afọ 1977. <ref name="Vatican News 2025">{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=Biography of Pope Leo XIV, born Robert Francis Prevost|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/biography-of-robert-francis-prevost-pope-leo-xiv.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509044847/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/biography-of-robert-francis-prevost-pope-leo-xiv.html|archivedate=May 9, 2025|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[Vatican News]]}}</ref><ref name="Mervosh 2025">{{Cite news|author=Mervosh|first=Sarah|date=May 8, 2025|title=The Pope Is a Graduate of Villanova, Where the Church Bells Won't Stop Ringing|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/08/world/europe/villanova-pope-leo-xiv.html|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> O nwetara Master nke Divinity (MDiv) site na Catholic Theological Union na Chicago nafọ 1982, na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye nkuzi physics na mgbakọ na mwepụ na St. Rita nke Cascia High School na Chicago n'oge ọmụmụ ya.<ref name="FitzPatrick 2025" /><ref name="GlobalRoute">{{Cite news|author=Rich|first=Motoko|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV, the First American Pontiff, Took a Global Route to the Top Post|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/08/world/europe/pope-leo-xiv-robert-francis-prevost.html|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> O nwetara nzere Licentiate nke Canon Law n'afọ 1984, Doctor nke Canon Law na 1987 sochiri site na Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas na Rom.<ref name="Vatican News 2025" /> Isiokwu edemede doctoral ya bụ "Ọfịs na ikike nke onye isi obodo na Order of Saint Augustine". <ref name="Vatican News 2025" /> Mahadum Villanova nyere ya nzere Doctor of Humanities n'afọ 2014. <ref name="Mervosh 2025" /> == Ọrụ mbụ (1977-2001) == === Ndị ụkọchukwu mbụ === [[Faịlụ:Immaculate_Conception_Church_Lafayette_at_Longfellow_St._Louis_MO.jpg|thumb|Afọ mbụ Prevost, ma ọ bụ noviciate, dị ka onye Augustinia nke mere na Immaculate Conception Church na St. Louis, Missouri.]] Nwanne Prevost, John, kwuru na ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye ụkọchukwu site na nwata.<ref name="Griffin 2025" /> Na Septemba n'afọ 1977, ọ sonyeere Order nke Saint Augustine dị ka onye ọhụrụ, na-ebi na Immaculate Conception Church na mpaghara [[St. Louis]]">Compton Heights nke St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kukuljan|first=Steph|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV in St. Louis: 'Bob' Prevost started his papal journey here|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/article_89d4062b-75e0-495e-8b30-a91e8a0ac920.html|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=STLtoday.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV Lived In St. Louis While Preparing For The Priesthood|url=https://www.stlmag.com/news/pope-leo-xiv-lived-in-st-louis/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=St. Louis Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> O kwere nkwa mbụ ya na Septemba n'afọ 1978 ma kwe Nkwa siri ike n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1981. <ref name="Catholic-Hierarchy">{{Cite web|title=Pope Leo XIV (Robert Francis Prevost)|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bprevost.html|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=Catholic-Hierarchy|archivedate=January 25, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125025948/https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bprevost.html}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu site n'aka Achịbishọp Jean Jadot maka ndị Augustinian na Rom na June 19, n'afọ 1982.<ref name="Catholic-Hierarchy" /> === Ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ na Peru === Prevost sonyeere ozi Augustine na Peru na 1985, na-eje ozi dị ka chancellor nke Territorial Prelature nke Chulucanas (1985-1986). <ref name="agustin">{{Cite web|date=November 3, 2014|title=Robert F. Prevost nombrado Administrador Apostólico en Chiclayo|url=http://augustinians.net/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=483&cntnt01returnid=49|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191403/http://augustinians.net/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=483&cntnt01returnid=49|archivedate=March 4, 2016|accessdate=June 1, 2021|work=Orden de San Agustín|language=es}}</ref> N'afọ 1987, mgbe ọ na-agbachitere thesis doctoral ya, ọ bụ onye nduzi ọrụ na onye nduzi ozi nke Augustinia Province nke Our Mother nke Good Counsel na Olympia Fields, Illinois, tupu ọ laghachi Peru n'afọ 1988. <ref name="Vatican News 2025" /> N'ebe ahụ, ọ nọrọ afọ iri na-eduzi seminarị Augustinia na Trujillo, na-akụzi iwu Canon na seminarị diocesan, na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi ọmụmụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onyé ọka ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe ụka mpaghara, ma na-arụkọ ọrụ na ozi parish na mpụga obodo ahụ. <ref name="Vatican News 2025" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Kelly|first=John J.|url=https://archive.org/details/adventureinfaith0000kell/mode/1up|title=Adventure in Faith: The Story of the Chulucanas Prelature|date=1989|publisher=Augustinian Historical Institute, Villanova University|isbn=978-0-941491-42-6|accessdate=May 9, 2025}}</ref> O gosipụtara ihe ịga nke ọma na mbọ ndị Augustinia na-agba iji nweta ndị Peruvia maka ọkwa ndị ụkọchukwu na ọkwa ndị ndu n'usoro ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=May 9, 2025|first=Michael Sean|author=Winters|work=National Catholic Reporter|url=https://www.ncronline.org/opinion/prevost-new-pope-american-cardinal-committed-reforms-pope-francis-began|title=Prevost is new pope, an American cardinal committed to the reforms Pope Francis began|date=May 8, 2025}}</ref> === Obodo dị n'oge gara aga === N'afọ 1998, a họpụtara Prevost kà ọ bụrụ onyé isi Order nke St. Augustine's Province of Our Mother of Good Counsel nke dị na Chicago, na-arụ ọrụ ahụ na Machị 8, ncafo 1999. <ref name="agustin" /> N'afọ 2000, o nyere onye ụkọchukwu Augustinian James Ray, onye a kwụsịtụrụ n'ozi ọha na eze kemgbe afọ 1991 n'ihi ebubo a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi nke mmetọ mmekọahụ nke ụmụaka, ohere ibi na St. John Stone Friary na Chicago n'okpuru nlekọta, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke archdiocesan jụrụ Ebe Obibi mbụ màkà ịdị nso ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ parish na St. Thomas tnke Apostle Church.<ref name="Pillar-School">{{Cite web|title=Vatican congregation member allowed priest accused of child abuse to live near Catholic school|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/vatican-congregation-member-allowed|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=The Pillar Catholic|archivedate=July 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728140608/https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/vatican-congregation-member-allowed}}</ref> A kwagara Ray n'afo 2002 mgbe ndị bishọp US tinyere iwu siri ike.<ref name="Pillar-School" /><ref name="herguth">{{Cite news|author=Herguth|first=Robert|date=February 26, 2021|title=Church officials disapproved moving another priest accused of abuse to Hyde Park friary, records show|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/2/26/22302129/catholics-priest-child-sex-abuse-st-john-friary-james-ray-richard-mcgrath-hyde-park-augustinians|accessdate=January 30, 2023|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref> == Onye isi Order nke Saint Augustine (2001-2013) == A họpụtàrà ya ka ọ bụrụ Prior General nke Order of Saint Augustine na 2001, Prevost jere ozi afọ isii abụọ ruo 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 11, 2007|title=Augustinians re-elect current Prior General at Chapter meeting|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/10353/augustinians-re-elect-current-prior-general-at-chapter-meeting|accessdate=May 8, 2025}}</ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, e mere mkpesa banyere mmetọ megide ụmụaka megide Richard McGrath, onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Providence Catholic High School, ụlọ ọrụ Augustinian, onye e wepụrụ na 2017 mgbe nyocha ụmụaka na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fabbre|first=Alicia|date=April 8, 2019|title=Where is Father McGrath? Priest who was accused of child sex abuse is still AWOL from order but criminal investigations end|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2019/04/08/where-is-father-mcgrath-priest-who-was-accused-of-child-sex-abuse-is-still-awol-from-order-but-criminal-investigations-end/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref><ref name="Will County Gazette 2025">{{Cite web|date=May 2, 2025|title='If he saw and stayed silent—he's not a good priest;' Activist says inaction over Providence H.S. sex abuse disqualifies Pope hopeful Prevost|url=https://willcountygazette.com/stories/671124585-if-he-saw-and-stayed-silent-he-s-not-a|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=Will County Gazette|archivedate=May 16, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516011439/https://willcountygazette.com/stories/671124585-if-he-saw-and-stayed-silent-he-s-not-a}}</ref> E nwetara nkwekọrịta nde $ 2 na 2018 n'etiti Diocese nke Joliet na onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ nke McGrath boro ebubo ndina n'ike n'afọ ndị 1990. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Herguth|first=Robert|date=November 25, 2023|title=Catholic order, New Lenox school pay $2 million over accusation ex-principal raped a student|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2023/11/24/23970149/augustinian-catholic-order-clergy-sex-abuse-richard-mcgrath-providence-high-school-saint-rita|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Herguth|first=Robert|date=May 1, 2025|title=Accuser who settled $2 million child sex abuse lawsuit against the Catholic church dies at 43|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/the-watchdogs/2025/05/01/robert-krankvich-providence-catholic-high-school-new-lenox-richard-mcgrath-sex-abuse-augustinian|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref><ref name="The Jerusalem Post 2025">{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=New pope Leo XIV faces scrutiny over past handling of clergy‑abuse cases|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-853274|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> &nbsp;Site na 2013 ruo 2014, Prevost jèrè ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke ọzụzụ na Convent nke St. Augustine na Chicago na dị ka onye kansụl mbụ onye nnọchi anya mpaghara nke Province of Our Mother of Good Counsel.<ref name="Vatican News 2025" /> == Bishọp nke Chiclayo (2014-2023) == [[Faịlụ:Santa_María_Catedral_-_Chiclayo.jpg|thumb|[[Chiclayo]]" id="mwAZQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Chiclayo">Katidral St. Mary dị na Chiclayo, Peru, ebe Prevost jere ozi dị ka bishọp site na 2015 ruo 2023]] Na Nọvemba 3, 2014, Popu Francis họpụtara Prevost dị ka onye nchịkwa nke Diocese nke Chiclayo na Bishọp nke Sufar. A raara ya nye na Disemba 12, 2014, na St. Mary's Cathedral na Chiclayo, site n'aka Achịbishọp James Green, onye nnọchi anya ndịozi na Peru.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 17, 2015|title=Una autoridad debe apartarse de la corrupción, el egoísmo y de enriquecerse a sí mismo|url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/189262-una-autoridad-debe-apartarse-de-la-corrupcion-el-egoismo-y-de-enriquecerse-a-si-mismo/|accessdate=November 21, 2020|work=[[La República]]|language=es}}</ref>   Na Septemba 26, 2015, a họpụtara ya dịka bishọp nke Chiclayo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=Pope Leo XIV: Robert Prevost, from Peru missionary to first American pontiff|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250508-pope-leo-xiv-profile-robert-prevost-from-peru-missionary-to-first-american-pontiff|accessdate=May 8, 2025|publisher=France 24|archivedate=May 8, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508180200/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250508-pope-leo-xiv-profile-robert-prevost-from-peru-missionary-to-first-american-pontiff}}</ref> .<ref name="GlobalRoute" /> Na ọnwa Julaị 13, nke afọ 2019, a họpụtara Prevost ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Congregation maja ndị Clergy, na Eprel 15, 2020, ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkwa nke Callao. N'ime Nzukọ Episcopal nke Peru, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kansụl na-adịgide adịgide (2018-2020) ma họpụta ya dịka onye isi oche nke Commission for Education and Culture n'afọ 2019, na-enyekwa aka na Caritas Peru. <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=In-depth: A look at the man who has become Leo XIV|url=https://aleteia.org/2025/05/08/in-depth-a-look-at-the-man-who-has-become-leo-xiv|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=Aleteia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Wells|first=Ione|date=May 9, 2025|title=Peru celebrates Pope Leo XIV as one of their own|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cewdl4e57v7o|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=BBC News}}</ref> Prevost nwere ndị na-ege ntị na Popu Francis na Machị 1, n'afo 2021, na-akpali ịkọ nkọ banyere ọrụ ọhụrụ na Chicago ma ọ bụ Rome. <ref>{{Cite news|date=March 6, 2021|title=Curial speculation follows papal meetings with bishops|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/246724/curial-speculation-follows-papal-meetings-with-bishops|accessdate=May 31, 2021}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Bishop_of_Chiclayo_Robert_Prevost_on_extreme_poverty_in_the_region_(2018).webm|thumb|Prevost dị ka Bishọp nke Chiclayo na 2018, na-ekwu maka oke ịda ogbenye na mpaghara ahụ (n'asụsụ Spanish) ]] Site na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ya, Prevost katọrọ ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe na Peru, na-emegide òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-achọ ime ka afọ ime, euthanasia, ma ọ bụ ntọhapụ nke ndị nwere njikọ na Shining Path (ọ kwadoro mkpọsa 2018 nke ndị bishọp Peruvian megide ịgbaghara ndị bụbu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu), ka ọ na-akwado ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi. O gosikwara ịdị n'otu na ndị Venezuelan na-akwaga na Peru, na-ewere ha dị ka ndị na-enweghị isi nke ''Chavismo'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=Antes de papa, tuitero: los últimos mensajes de Roberto Prevost en X, con fuertes críticas a Trump|url=https://www.cronista.com/internacionales/antes-de-papa-tuitero-los-ultimos-mensajes-de-roberto-prevost-en-x-con-fuertes-criticas-a-trump/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=El Cronista|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 9, 2025|title=El mensaje que envió Robert Prevost a Venezuela|url=https://www.elnacional.com/venezuela/el-mensaje-que-envio-robert-prevost-a-venezuela-antes-de-ser-papa/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=El Nacional|language=es}}</ref> N'oge ngagharị iwe ndị Peruvian na 2022-2023 iji kwado onye bụbu onye isi ala Pedro Castillo, Prevost kwuru, sị: "Ọnwụ n'oge ngaezide ahụ na-akpata m nnukwu mwute na ihe mgbu ... M rịọrọ ka m nọrọ na Peru; Ọbụna m rịọrọ Nna Nsọ ahụ. "<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=La vida peruana de León XIV en cinco escenas|url=https://rpp.pe/mundo/actualidad/la-vida-peruana-de-leon-xiv-en-cinco-escenas-noticia-1633445?ref=rpp|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=RPP|language=es}}</ref> == Dicastery maka ndị bishọp na nkwalite ka ọ bụrụ kadinal (2023-2025) == N'onws Jenụwarị 30, 2023, Popu Francis họpụtara Prevost prefect nke Dicastery form màkà Bishops na utu aha achịbishọp-bishọbishọm emeritus nke Chiclayo. <ref>{{Cite news|date=January 30, 2023|title=Pope Francis names Chicago native head of Vatican bishops' department|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/pope-francis-names-bishop-robert-prevost-to-head-of-vatican-bishops-department|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[The Pillar]]}}</ref> Na Septemba 30, n'ọnwa 2023, e mere ya ka ọ bụrụ kadinal nwere ọkwa kadinal-dikọn ma nye ya utu aha Santa Monica degli Agostiniani . Dị ka onye isi, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịtụle na ịtụ aro ndị na-achọ ịbụ ndị bishọp n'ụwa niile, na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè n'ime Chọọchị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 30, 2025|title=U.S. cardinal's résumé, demeanor land him on 'papabile' lists|url=https://angelusnews.com/news/vatican/cardinals-prevost/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=Angelus}}</ref> N'ọrụ a, ọ tụrụ aro ka ewepụ Joseph Strickland n'ọfịs ya dị ka bishọp nke Diocese nke Tyler, Texas, na Nọvemba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Who will be the next pope? We profile the conclave – from Arborelius to Zuppi|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/features/next-pope-papabile/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=The Tablet|language=en|archivedate=May 2, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502192530/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/features/next-pope-papabile/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pope Francis meets to discuss Strickland resignation|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/pope-francis-meets-to-discuss-strickland|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=The Pillar|language=en}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 6, 2025, Popu Francis buliri ya elu ka ọ bụrụ kadinal-Bishọp, na-enye ya dịka bishọp nke Suburbicarian Diocese nke Albano. <ref>{{Cite web|date=February 6, 2025|title=College of Cardinals: Pope extends terms of dean and vice-dean|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-02/college-of-cardinals-pope-extends-terms-of-dean-and-vice-dean.html|accessdate=February 26, 2025|work=[[Vatican News]]|publisher=[[Dicastery for Communication]]}}</ref> Prevost na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Latin American na Caribbean Episcopal Council, ebe ọ sonyere na nzukọ ma mee ememe Mas na Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, na Mee 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ortiz Figueroa|first=Ariana|date=May 8, 2025|title=El papa León XIV estuvo en Puerto Rico en el 2023|url=https://www.telemundo31.com/especiales/religion-y-espiritualidad/el-papa-leon-xiv-estuvo-en-puerto-rico-en-el-2023/2347225/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=Telemundo|language=es}}</ref> == Popu (2025-dị ugbu a) == [[Faịlụ:Pope_Leo_XIV_Waving.jpg|thumb|Popu Leo nke iri na anọ na-eju ndị mmadụ gbakọtara na St. Peter's Square na ngosipụta ihu ọha mbụ ya dị ka popu.]] [[Faịlụ:Coat of arms of Leone XIV.svg|thumb]] Tupu Nzukọ ndị popu nke afọ 2025, a na-ewere Prevost dị ka ịnyịnya gbara ọchịchịrị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ''papabili'' a ma ama karị, <ref name="Maddox & Gooch 2025">{{Cite web|author=Maddox|first=David|date=May 7, 2025|title=Who could be the new Pope? The cardinals in the running ahead of the Conclave|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/papal-conclave-cardinals-new-pope-candidates-b2746175.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507194344/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/papal-conclave-cardinals-new-pope-candidates-b2746175.html|archivedate=May 7, 2025|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=The Independent}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=Nel conclave il peso degli americani, Dolan 'pope maker' – Dall'addio a Francesco al nuovo Papa|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/speciali/dalladdio-a-francesco-al-nuovo-papa/2025/05/08/nel-conclave-il-peso-degli-americani-dolan-pope-maker_df58b4dc-fca1-4900-a4bc-f8c9653ed022.html|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=Agenzia ANSA|language=it}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na a chọpụtara na ọ bụ onye ya na Popu Francis jikọrọ aka na onye nwere ike imebi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bedigan|first=Mike|date=May 8, 2025|title=Meet Leo XIV: The first American pope no one expected|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/bulletin/news/new-pope-leo-xiv-cardinal-robert-prevost-b2747492.html|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=The Independent}}</ref> A na-eche na ọ bụ nwa amaala America bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala.<ref name="Maddox & Gooch 2025" /> Ndị na-akwado ya kwuru na ọ na-anọchite anya "etiti ụzọ dị ùgwù". <ref name="Rich 2025">{{Cite news|author=Rich|first=Motoko|date=May 2, 2025|title=There's Never Been a Pope From the U.S. Could This Cardinal Change That?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/02/world/americas/pope-candidate-cardinal-robert-francis-prevost.html|accessdate=May 6, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Popu Francis họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi nke Dicastery for Bishops na onye isi oche nke Pontifical Commission for Latin America na 2023, n'otu afọ ahụ ka e mere ya kadinal. Ọrụ ndị a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye na-achọ ịbụ popu <ref name="NCR 2025">{{Cite web|author=White|first=Christopher|date=April 30, 2025|title=The first American pope? This cardinal has the best chance of making history in this conclave|url=https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/papal-front-runner-interest-polyglot-us-cardinal-prevost-rises-italian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509061128/https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/papal-front-runner-interest-polyglot-us-cardinal-prevost-rises-italian|archivedate=May 9, 2025|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 2, 2025|title=Who will be pope? Meet some possible contenders|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/who-will-be-pope-meet-some-possible-contenders|accessdate=May 3, 2025|work=[[PBS News Hour]]|archivedate=May 3, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503001025/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/who-will-be-pope-meet-some-possible-contenders}}</ref> == Echiche == === Iwu Chọọchị === Na Mee 2023, Prevost kwụrụ na ndị ị̀sị̀ bishọp kwesịrị ibute okwukwe ụzọ karịa nchịkwa. Ihe mbụ a na-ebute ụzọ bụ "ịkpọsa ịma mma nke okwukwe, ịma mma na ọṅụ nke ịmara Jizọs".<ref name="Tornielli 2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/en/news/2023-05/ing-019/the-bishop-is-a-pastor-not-a-manager.html|title=The bishop is a pastor not a manager|date=May 12, 2023|author=Tornielli|first=Andrea|work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]]|accessdate=May 8, 2025}}</ref> Ozị́ mbụ ya dị ka popu mesiri ike ekele udo nke Jizọs bilitere "onye nyere ndụ ya maka ìgwè atụrụ Chineke", na-enye "udo na-enweghị ihe agha na nke na-enweghị ngwá agha". O kwuru na ọ chọrọ ịga n'ihu na ngọzi nke Pope Francis: "Chineke na-elekọta gị, Chineke hụrụ gị niile n'anya, ihe ọjọọ agaghị emeri! Anyị niile nọ n'aka Chineke. "<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2025|title=Leone XIV è il nuovo Papa: pace per il mondo, disarmata e umile|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2025-05/nuovo-papa.html|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=Vatican News|language=it|archivedate=May 9, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509061039/https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2025-05/nuovo-papa.html}}</ref> ==== Ọrịa na-emetụta ==== Prevost bụ onye nkwado siri ike nkè synodality, otú n'ime ihe nketa nke Pope Francis. Ọ na-ahụ na ntinye aka na ibu ọrụ nkè ndị niile kwere ekwe nwèrè ike idozi esemokwu na Chọọchị.<ref name="White 2025">{{Cite news|author=White|first=Christopher|title=The first American pope? This cardinal has the best chance of making history in this conclave|url=https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/papal-front-runner-interest-polyglot-us-cardinal-prevost-rises-italian|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=April 30, 2025|language=en}}</ref> O nwere okwukwe na "Mmụọ Nsọ na-akpali anyị imezigharị".  O kwuru na a na-akpọ ndị niile kwere ekwe ka ha nwee nnukwu ibu ọrụ nke ibi ndụ nke m na-akpọ àgwà ọhụrụ", nkè bụ "ịge ntị nke mbụ na Mmụọ Nsọ, ihe Ọ na-arịọ maka ndị Chọọchị".<ref name="Tornielli 2023" /> ==== Ụmụ nwanyị ==== Prevost na-emegide nhọpụta ụmụ nwaanyị na diakonate, na-ekwu na ọ "adịghị edozi nsogbu" ma nwee ike ịmepụta nsogbụ ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mares|first=Courtney|date=October 26, 2023|title=Cardinal at Synod on Synodality: 'Clericalizing Women' Will Not Solve Problems|url=https://www.ncregister.com/cna/cardinal-at-synod-on-synodality-clericalizing-women-will-not-solve-problems|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=New Catholic Register}}</ref> N'ikwu okwu banyere nhọpụta Popu Francis họpụtara ụmụ nwanyị atọ n'afọ 2023 dị ka ndị òtù Dicastery màkà Bishops, nkè ọ na-eduzi, o kwuru na échìchè ha na ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-agwakọta ma nwee ike iwebata echiche ọhụrụ bara uru.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tornielli|first=Andrea|date=May 4, 2023|title=Archbishop Prevost: 'The bishop is a pastor, not a manager'|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2023-05/archbishop-prevost-the-bishop-is-a-pastor-not-a-manager.html|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Vatican News]]}}</ref> === Okwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === A na-ahụ Prevost dị ka onye na-eme ihe n'ụzọ dị nro mà ọ bụ onye nọ n'etiti.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Livingstone|first=Helen|date=May 9, 2025|title=New pope's brother says he is 'middle of the road' – as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/may/08/new-pope-conclave-vatican-white-black-smoke-papacy-catholic-cardinals?filterKeyEvents=false|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2025, akwụkwọ akụkọ Itali bụ {{Lang|it|la Repubblica}} kwùrù na Prevost bụ onye "na-achị ụwa" mà "ndị na-agbaso omenala na ndị na-aga n'ihu na-enwe mmasị" n'ime Chọọchị ahụ.<ref name="week">{{Cite news|author=Aitken|first=Peter|date=May 8, 2025|title=What New Pope Leo XIV Has Said About LGBTQ+ Issues|url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-pope-leo-said-lgbtq-issues-2069889|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[News Week]]}}</ref> Prevost na-emegide euthanasia, ite ime, nà ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 8, 2025|title=Cardenal Prevost en Xn antes de ser papa: apoyo a inmigrantes y críticas recientes a Vance|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2025/05/08/cardenal-prevost-en-xn-antes-de-ser-papa-apoyo-a-inmigrantes-y-criticas-recientes-a-vance/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|language=es}}</ref> Ọ kwadoro Ndị Venezuelan gbàrà ọsọ ndụ na Peru n'oge ọ nọ na Chiclayo.<ref name="McElwee 2025">{{Cite news|author=McElwee|first=Joshua|date=May 8, 2025|title=Prevost, first U.S. pope, supported Francis and shunned spotlight|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/prevost-first-us-pope-supported-francis-shunned-spotlight-2025-05-08/|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Robert Prevost, cardenal de EE.UU. con nacionalidad peruana, es el nuevo Papa de la Iglesia católica con el nombre León XIV|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/articles/cpqejezdgl7o|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=BBC Mundo|date=May 8, 2025}}</ref> A maara Prevost dị kà onye dị nso na Blase Cupich, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Grimaldi|first=James V.|date=May 8, 2025|title=The pope from Chicago backed Pope Francis' major church reforms|url=https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/habemus-papam-chicago-born-cardinal-robert-prevost-takes-name-leo-xiv|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=National Catholic Reporter}}</ref> Achịbishọp nkè Chicago onye a na-ewere dị kà kadinal Amerika kachasị ewepụ n'ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Trump. <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 9, 2025|title=Matematico, teologo ma pure missionario e prete di strada|url=https://www.pressreader.com/switzerland/corriere-del-ticino-909k/20250509/281530821909616|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=[[Corriere del Ticino]]|language=it}}</ref> ==== LGBTQ ==== N'ọnwa Eprel 2016, Prevost megidere itinye "Echiche nwoke na nwanyị" na usoro agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị nke Peruvian, na-ekwu na ọ na-akwalite "ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-adịghị adị". <ref name="Rich 2025" /> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Fernandez|first=Fernando|date=April 12, 2016|title=Chiclayo: Obispo Prévost en contra de ideología de género|url=https://diariocorreo.pe/edicion/lambayeque/chiclayo-obispo-prevost-en-contra-de-ideologia-de-genero-715608/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=Diario Correo|language=es}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, ọ katọrọ ọmịiko ọdịbendị a ma ama màkà "Ụdị ndụ nwoke idina nwoke" na ezinụlọ ndị nwoke idina nwaanyị.<ref name="Rich2025">{{Cite news|author=Rich|first=Motoko|date=May 2, 2025|title=There's Never Been a Pope From the U.S. Could This Cardinal Change That?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/02/world/americas/pope-candidate-cardinal-robert-francis-prevost.html|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Prevost kwupụtara nchegbu banyere "ọmịiko màkà nkwenkwe nà omume ndị na-emegide ozioma" ma ọ kwadoghị ma ọ bụ jụ arịrịọ Fiducia, nkwupụta ozizi gbasara ngọzi màkà ndị mmadụ na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị. O kwuru na nzukọ ndị bishọp nke mba kwesịrị "ịkọwa mà tinye ntụziaka ndị dị otú ahụ n'ọrụ n'ọnọdụ mpaghara hà, n'ihi ọdịiche ọdịbendị".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Morwood|first=Maddy|date=May 8, 2025|title=Live: American Robert Francis Prevost elected pope and will be known as Pope Leo XIV|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-05-09/papal-conclave-live-updates-catholic-church-elects-next-pope/105238028|accessdate=May 9, 2025|work=ABC News}}</ref> ==== Mgbanwe ihu igwe ==== Prevost akwadowo màkà ime ìhè siri ike nkè Chọọchị megide Mgbanwe ihu igwe, ekwuru na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe nkè ọnwa Nọvemba 2024 na "nchịkwa n'elu okike" ekwesịghị ịbụ "mmegbu". === Nkwurịta okwu na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta === N'ajụjụ ọnụ May 2023, Prevost kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị ịkpachara ányá na ibu ọrụ n'iji mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta iji gbochie "ịkwalite nkewa na esemokwu" na ímé "mmebi na oriri nke Chọọchị". <ref name="Tornielli 2023" /> Dị ka Christopher White, onyé nnọchi ányá Vatican nkè National Catholic Reporter, si kwuo, echiche a kwekọrọ n'àgwà ya ikwu okwu "n'iji nlezianya na nnukwu mkparịta ụka" na "nnukwu mkpebi siri ike na nghọta".<ref name="White 2025" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == Nne Prevost, Mildred, nwụrụ na June 18, 1990, nna ya, Louis, sochiri na November 8, 1997.<ref name="Chicago Tribune 1990" /> Prevost gakwuuru ụmụnne ya banyere áhà popu ya n'uhuruchi tupu nzukọ ahụ.<ref name="Griffin 2025" /> Na mgbakwunye na Bekee ya, ọ na-asụkwa Spanish, Italian, French, na Portuguese nke ọma, ma nwee íke ịgụ Latin na German.<ref name="NCR 2025"/> Prevost bụ onye na-egwu tenis. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kent|first=Lauren|date=May 8, 2025|title=10 things to know about Robert Prevost, who is now Pope Leo XIV|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/08/world/pope-leo-xiv-robert-prevost-wwk-intl-latam|accessdate=May 9, 2025|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado Chicago White Sox nkè Major League Baseball, na-aga egwuregwu ụlọ White Sox n'oge 2005 World Series, na otù egwuregwu basketball kọleji ụmụ nwoke Villanova Wildcats. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Washburn|first=Kaitlin|date=May 8, 2025|title=Chicago high school cheers White Sox fan Pope Leo XIV — 'He's one of us'|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/religion/2025/05/08/pope-leo-xiv-robert-prevost-st-rita-high-school-chicago|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Lutz|first=BJ|date=May 8, 2025|title=Brother answers burning question: Is Pope Leo XIV a Chicago White Sox or Cubs fan?|url=https://wgntv.com/news/pope-leo/robert-prevost-pope-leo-xiv-chicago-cubs-sox/|accessdate=May 9, 2025|publisher=[[WGN-TV]]|archive-date=May 9, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509061035/https://wgntv.com/news/pope-leo/robert-prevost-pope-leo-xiv-chicago-cubs-sox/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bi na Peru, ọ ghọrọ onyé na-akwado Alianza Lima, otu n'ime ndị otu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] a ma ama na Peru.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pineda|first=Luis|date=May 8, 2025|title=Alianza Lima, Universitario o Juan Aurich: Periodista que conoció al Papa Robert Prevost revela hincha de qué equipo es|url=https://larepublica.pe/deportes/2025/05/08/alianza-lima-universitario-o-juan-aurich-periodista-que-conocio-al-papa-robert-prevost-revela-hincha-de-que-equipo-es-683656|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509104253/https://larepublica.pe/deportes/2025/05/08/alianza-lima-universitario-o-juan-aurich-periodista-que-conocio-al-papa-robert-prevost-revela-hincha-de-que-equipo-es-683656|archivedate=May 9, 2025|accessdate=May 8, 2025|work=La República|language=es}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Leo 14}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles using infobox templates with no data rows]] [[Otú:Pope]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 642fp7zraovxt9gsat2gfg7hk8yyx5f 0 63702 728446 697383 2026-09-27T09:31:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="5" |UWC (United World Colleges) | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ akwụkwọ, kọleji, na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ dị mkpirikpi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |E guzobere ya | class="infobox-data" |1962<span class="noprint">; Afọ 63 gara aga&#x20;&nbsp;</span> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1962</span>)&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Onye guzobere ya | class="infobox-data" |[[Kurt Hahn]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |[[University president|Onye isi ala]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Queen Noor of Jordan|Eze Nwanyị Noor nke Jọdan]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Onye isi nchịkwa | class="infobox-data" |Okwukwe Abiodun |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ebe | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="extended-address" style="display:inline">Kọleji dị na mba 18 UWC International Office, [[London]] na [[Berlin]]<br /><br /><br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |[http://www.uwc.org/ uwc.org] |} The United World Colleges (UWC) bụ netwọk ụwa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na mmemme mmụta nwere ebumnuche nke "ime ka agụmakwụkwọ bụrụ ike ijikọ ndị mmadụ, mba na omenala maka udo na ọdịnihu ga-adigide. " <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/new-mexico/articles/2020-07-25/pandemic-brings-challenges-for-united-world-college|title=Pandemic Brings Challenges for United World College|work=www.usnews.com}}</ref> E guzobere nzukọ ahụ na ụkpụrụ nke onye nkuzi German Kurt Hahn na 1962 iji kwalite nghọta ọdịbendị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethmacbride/2017/05/09/beloved-by-entrepreneurs-a-school-that-ought-to-be-an-anachronism-thrives/#77c31a912327|title=A School That Could Be An Anachronism Thrives In The Age Of Trump?|work=www.forbes.com}}</ref> Taa, UWC nwere kọleji iri na asatọ na kọntinent anọ. A na-ahọpụta ndị na-eto eto sitere na mba 155 site na usoro kọmitii mba ma na-agbaso Diploma Baccalaureate International; ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-emeghekwa ndị na-eto eto. UWC na-eme mmemme mmụta kacha ukwuu n'ụwa na agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị mba ụwa, yana ihe karịrị 80% ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị kọmitii mba UWC họpụtara ịga otu kọleji na-enweta nkwado ego.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC International Annual Review 2021|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/18iEzU0y-62eqwXh8XMyIvTWXQZJdlBiV/view?usp=embed_facebook|accessdate=2022-08-02|work=United World Colleges International Office}}</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 60,000 ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na UWC si n'akụkụ ụwa niile.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Onye isi oche UWC ugbu a bụ Queen Noor nke Jọdan (1995-dị ugbu a). Onye bụbu onye isi ala South Africa bụ [[Nelson Mandela]] bụ onye isi ala (1995-1999), ya na Queen Noor, na, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, onye isi ala UWC (1999-2013). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=1861&nid=52&storyid=438|title=Nelson Mandela UWC|work=www.uwc.org|accessdate=2018-11-12|archivedate=2018-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112223355/https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=1861&nid=52&storyid=438}}</ref> Ndị isi oche UWC bụ Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten nke Burma (1968-1977) <ref name="autogenerated1"/> na, mgbe ọ bụ Prince of Wales, Eze Charles nke Atọ (1978-1995). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uwc.org/history|title=UWC History and Founding Ideas|work=www.uwc.org|accessdate=2018-02-08}}</ref> UWC International jikọtara ma na-ahazi mmegharị ahụ, gụnyere kọleji na kọmitii mba, nke mejupụtara UWC International Board, UWC International Council, na UWC International Office (UWCIO), dabere na London na Berlin. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji tọọ atụmatụ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmegharị ahụ, na-ahụ maka ịnakọta ego, na ịkwado kọleji ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC International|url=https://www.uwc.org/uwcinternational|work=United World Colleges|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2025-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520104306/https://www.uwc.org/uwcinternational}}</ref> Faith Abiodun, onye sonyeere òtù ahụ na 2021, na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke International Office, na Musimbi Kanyoro abụwo onyeisi oche nke International Board kemgbe 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC International {{!}} Faith Abiodun|url=https://www.uwc.org/uwcio/faith-abiodun|work=United World Colleges}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC International Board {{!}} Musimbi Kanyoro|url=https://www.uwc.org/musimbikanyoro|work=United World Colleges|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2025-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123191515/https://www.uwc.org/musimbikanyoro}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Faịlụ:UWC_Robert_Bosch_College_in_Freiburg,_Pflastermosaik.jpg|alt=The UWC logo created using mosaics on the floor.|thumb|Ihe nnọchianya UWC na UWC Robert Bosch na Freiburg, Germany]] Emebere UWC na mbido 1960s iji mebie nkewa mmekọrịta ọha na eze, mba na omenala pụtara n'oge Agha IIwa nke Abụọ, ma ka njọ site na Agha Nzuzo. Kọleji mbụ na mmegharị ahụ, UWC Atlantic College dị na Wales, United Kingdom, tọrọ ntọala na 1962 site n'aka Kurt Hahn, onye nkuzi German nke mebegoro Schule Schloss Salem na Germany, Gordonstoun na Scotland, ngagharị nke Outward Bound na Duke nke Edinburgh's Award Scheme.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-02-25|title=Kurt Hahn: The man who taught Philip to think|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35603975|accessdate=2021-03-07}}</ref> Hahn chepụtara kọleji na-akụziri ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 16 ruo 19. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|title=UWC History & Founding Ideas|url=https://www.uwc.org/history}}</ref> O kwenyere na ụlọ akwụkwọ ekwesịghị ịbụ naanị ụzọ isi kwadebe ịbanye na mahadum, kama ọ ga-enyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka ịkwadebe maka ndụ site n'ịzụlite ume na ikike ịnwale ihe ịga nke ọma na ọdịda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KurtHahn.org {{!}} Devoted to the Education Philosophy of Kurt Hahn|url=https://www.kurthahn.org/|accessdate=2021-03-07|language=en}}</ref> Nhọrọ ahụ ga-adabere na mkpali onwe onye na ikike, n'agbanyeghị ihe ọ bụla metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị. Usoro agụmakwụkwọ ga-eme ka ọ dịrị ndị na-eto eto si n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche mfe. Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten nke Burma tinyere aka na Atlantic College site na mmalite ya, ma gbaa nzukọ ahụ ume ka ha nweta aha United World Colleges na imepe ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa nwere ọrụ dị iche na nke Atlantic College, iji gosi njedebe zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọchịchọ karịrị otu kọleji. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Peterson|first=A. D. C.|title=Schools Across Frontiers: the Story of the International Baccalaureate and the United World Colleges|date=2003-05-01|publisher=Open Court|isbn=0-8126-9505-4|edition=2|location=Chicago, Ill.|pages=107–111|oclc=48837050}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=International schools and international education|date=1991|publisher=Kogan Page|editor=Patricia L. Jonietz|isbn=978-1-136-16674-7|location=London|oclc=636656695}}</ref> N'afọ 1967, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche mbụ nke United World Colleges, ọkwá ọ nọrọ ruo n'afọ 1977. Lord Mountbatten kwadoro nzukọ ahụ site n'inweta nkwado site n'aka ndị isi ala na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọrụ ịnakọta ego.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ww5DN01ij6YC|title=International Educational and Cultural Exchange|date=1976|publisher=U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Wendy|first=Leigh|title=True Grace : the life and times of an American princess|date=2007-03-20|publisher=JR|isbn=978-1-906217-68-6|pages=209|oclc=229464531}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Barratt|first=John|title=With the greatest respect : the private lives of Earl Mountbatten and Prince & Princess Michael of Kent|date=1991|publisher=Sidgwick & Jackson|others=Jean Ritchie|isbn=0-283-06098-0|location=London|oclc=29636077}}</ref> N'okpuru onye isi oche ya, e guzobere United World College of South East Asia na Singapore na 1971 (na-esonye na UWC movement na 1975), United World College nke Pacific sochiri na Victoria, British Columbia, na 1974. N'oge Prince Charles (nke bụzi Eze Charles nke Atọ) bụ onye isi ala, ọ lekọtara uto ngwa ngwa nke òtù ahụ, ruo mgbe ọ gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ itoolu gburugburu ụwa. Banyere Charles, UWC kwuru, "ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite profaịlụ na ọhụụ nke UWC ka na-anụ taa". == Kọleji == [[Faịlụ:Uwc-colleges.svg|thumb|United World Colleges, nke a na-etinye n'elu ihe nnọchianya UWC]] E nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji UWC 18 na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a, <ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC - Schools & Colleges|url=https://www.uwc.org/schools}}</ref> nwere ọfịs mba ụwa na London na Berlin. <ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC International Office|url=https://www.uwc.org/uwcio|work=United World Colleges}}</ref> UWC Simón Bolivar bụ onye otu ahụ ruo mgbe gọọmentị Venezuela mechiri ya na 2012. Ebe na ụbọchị mmeghe (na, maka ndị sonyeere UWC mgbe e guzobere ha dị ka ụlọ ọrụ kwụụrụ onwe ya, afọ ha sonyere) maka United World College ọ bụla dị n'okpuru ebe a: * United World College of the Atlantic '' (Llantwit Major, Wales),'' 1962 * Lester B. Pearson United World College of the Pacific '' (Victoria, British Columbia, [[Kánada|Canada]]),'' 1974<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lester-b-pearson-college-of-the-pacific|title=The Canadian Encyclopedia – Lester B. Pearson College of the Pacific|accessdate=2010-06-02}}</ref> * UWC South East Asia '' (Singapore) '', ụlọ akwụkwọ abụọ: otu tọrọ ntọala 1971, sonyeere UWC 1975, na nke ọzọ e wuru na 2008 * Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa '' (Mbabane, [[Eswatini]]) '', nke e guzobere na 1963, sonyeere UWC na 1981 * UWC-USA '' (Montezuma, New Mexico) '', 1982 * UWC Adriatic '' (Duino, [[Italy|Ịtali]]) '', 1982 * Li Po Chun United World College '' (Wu Kai Sha, [[Hong Kong]]) '', 1992 * UWC Red Cross Nordic '' (Flekke, [[Norway]]) '', 1995 * UWC Mahindra College '' (Pune, [[Ndia|India]]) '', 1997 * UWC Costa Rica (Santa Ana, Costa Rica), nke e guzobere n'afọ 2000, sonyeere UWC n'afọ 2006 * UWC Mostar '' (Mostar, [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]) '', 2006 * UWC Maastricht '' (Maastricht, [[Netherlands]]) '', nke e guzobere na 1984, sonyeere UWC 2009 * UWC Robert Bosch '' (Freiburg, [[Jémanị|Germany]]) '', 2014 * UWC Dilijan '' (Dilijan, Armenia) '', 2014 * UWC Changshu China '' (Changshu, [[China]]) '', 2015 * UWC Thailand '' (Phuket, Thailand) '', nke e guzobere n'afọ 2008, sonyeere UWC n'afọ 2016 * UWC ISAK Japan '' (Karuizawa, [[Japan]]) '', nke e guzobere n'afọ 2014, sonyeere UWC n'afọ 2017 * UWC East Africa '' (Kilimanjaro na Arusha, [[Tanzania]]) '', nke e guzobere na 1969, sonyeere UWC 2019 == Ndị ọkà mmụta == UWC na-akwanyere mmụta mmụta mmụta dị elu n'akụkụ inye ụmụ akwụkwọ ya dị afọ 16 – 19 nzere International Baccalaureate (IB), mmemme agụmakwụkwọ tupu mahadum mba ụwa mepere emepe na mmekorita ya na UWC na ngwụcha 1960s. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uwc.org/educationalmodel|title=UWC Educational Model|work=www.uwc.org|accessdate=2018-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=REIMERS|first=FERNANDO M.|date=2013|title=Education for Improvement: Citizenship in the Global Public Sphere|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42763551|journal=Harvard International Review|volume=35|issue=1|pages=56–61|issn=0739-1854}}</ref> The IB Diploma Programme bụ nke United World College of the Atlantic, International School of Geneva (Ecolint) , na United Nations School na New York City (UNIS), mepụtara na 1968 ma na-ezube "ịzụlite ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere obosara na omimi nke ihe ọmụma - ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto n'ụzọ anụ ahụ, ọgụgụ isi, mmetụta uche na omume". <ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC - International Baccalaureate|url=https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=38&nid=146&storyid=595|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2024-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504021525/https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=38&nid=146&storyid=595}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibo.org/programmes/diploma-programme/|title=Diploma Programme|work=International Baccalaureate®|accessdate=2018-02-08|language=en}}</ref> Taa, UWC na IB Organisation na-aga n'ihu na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji mepụta usoro mmụta ọhụrụ na ịkpụzi agụmakwụkwọ mba ụwa. Ụlọ akwụkwọ UWC ise (UWC Thailand, UWC South East Asia na Singapore, UWC Maastricht na [[Netherlands]], UWC East Africa na [[Tanzania]], na Waterford Kamhlaba UWC nke Southern Africa na [[Eswatini]]) na-enyekwa mmemme agụmakwụkwọ na-abụghị ebe obibi maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto dị n'agbata ọnwa 18 na afọ 15.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Younger Years|url=https://www.uwc.org/youngeryears}}</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji UWC na-enye Afọ Pre-IB dị ka afọ nkwadebe maka ụmụ akwụkwọ tupu ha amalite mmemme diplọma IB ha. Ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji UWC na-enye mmemme Pre-IB gụnyere, UWC Changshu na [[China]], UWC South East Asia na Singapore, Waterford Kamhlaba UWC nke Southern Africa na [[Eswatini]], UWC Thailand, UWC ISAK Japan na UWC East Africa na [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pre-IB Year|url=https://www.uwc.org/preib|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2025-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804003041/https://www.uwc.org/preib}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị ọzọ == Agụmakwụkwọ UWC na-azụlite ụmụ akwụkwọ niile site n'inwe 'Creativity, Activity, Service' Programme (CAS) na isi ya. Ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji ọ bụla nke UWC na-enye ọrụ CAS n'okpuru aha dị iche iche mana n'otu aka ahụ na-enye ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị isi na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eduzi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Co-curricular activities|url=https://www.uwc.org/cocurricular}}</ref> == Ihe ọmụmụ dị mkpirikpi == Na mgbakwunye na kọleji ya, UWC na-ahazi nkuzi dị mkpirikpi n'ọtụtụ isiokwu. Ọmụmụ ihe dị mkpirikpi na-akwado kọleji UWC, kọmitii mba na mpaghara ha na otu ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na UWC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current Short Courses|url=https://www.uwc.org/currentsc|accessdate=2023-11-07|work=United World Colleges}}</ref> Ha na-egosipụta otu nkà ihe ọmụma mmụta ahụmịhe dị ka kọleji, mana na-enweghị usoro agụmakwụkwọ, ma na-enwekarị oge 1 - 4 izu. Ọmụmụ ihe dị mkpirikpi bụ mmemme n'onwe ya ruo 2020 mgbe ndị nhazi nke Transforming Identity na Building a Sustainable Future short courses mepụtara nsụgharị mbụ n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwc.org/currentsc/transforming-identity-/-online|title=Transforming Identity / Online|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2024-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918080212/https://www.uwc.org/currentsc/transforming-identity-/-online}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, nkuzi dị mkpirikpi n'ịntanetị amụbaala ma ghọọ isi onyinye nke UWC. Ihe kachasị ogologo na-aga n'ihu na-agba ọsọ bụ Building a Sustainable Future, nke Kọmitii Mba Germany na-agba, nke na-eme kwa afọ kemgbe 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=37&nid=3&storyid=337|title=Building a Sustainable Future|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2025-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220094240/https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=37&nid=3&storyid=337}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, ndị sonyere 889 n'agbata afọ 14 na 20 gara nkuzi 23 dị mkpirikpi (15 ebe obibi na 8 n'ịntanetị) n'ụwa niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ANNUAL REVIEW 2022|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SobilHbnU8DaGHict6-EYd0AUQzcW9Nw/view|accessdate=2023-11-07|work=United World Colleges International|quote=}}</ref> == Nkwado == Ihe nlereanya UWC na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nkwado ego nke ndị ọrụ ebere dị iche iche yana gọọmentị mba. N'afọ ndị mbụ ya, United World College of the Atlantic na UWC International Office nwetara ego site na onyinye na onyinye sitere na Ford Foundation, Dulverton Trust, na Bernard Sunley trust, na mgbakwunye na gọọmentị Britain na West Germany, na ọtụtụ ndị na-enye ego; Antonin Besse II nyere ebe maka Atlantic College, St Donat's Castle, maka kọleji ahụ. Kọleji ndị dị na Ịtali na Canada, ọkachasị, na-enweta nkwado na ego dị ukwuu site na gọọmentị mba na nke ime obodo ha ruo taa, <ref>{{Cite book|title=International schools and international education|date=1991|publisher=Kogan Page|editor=Patricia L. Jonietz|isbn=978-1-136-16674-7|location=London|oclc=636656695|pages=25–35}}</ref> ebe kọleji dị na Mostar bụ atụmatụ mmekorita ya na IB Organization ma guzobe ya na nkwado sitere n'aka Òtù IB ụwa dị iche iche (gụnyere [[European Union|EU]]" id="mwAUo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE, EU, CEB, na UN). <ref>{{Cite web|title=UWC Mostar|url=https://www.uwc.org/uwc-mostar|accessdate=2024-10-03|work=UWC|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The United World College in Mostar: A School in the Peace Process|url=https://uwcmostar.ba/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A-School-in-the-Peace-Process.pdf|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091601/https://uwcmostar.ba/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A-School-in-the-Peace-Process.pdf}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Shelby MC malitere Mmemme Ọkammụta Davis-UWC. Davis na 2000 ma ugbu a na-akwado ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na UWC ka ha mụọ na kọleji na mahadum 99 US ahọpụtara, wee tolite ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu n'ụwa, na-enweta ego na nzuzo, mmemme mmụta mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shelby M.C. Davis|url=https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=38&nid=45&storyid=401|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2025-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615051720/https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=38&nid=45&storyid=401}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, a malitere mmemme Davis-UWC Dare to Dream na nkwado nke Shelby M. C. Davis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Davis-UWC Dare to Dream Programme|url=https://www.uwc.org/daretodream|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2025-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615054457/https://www.uwc.org/daretodream}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-12|title=Leading educational philanthropist shares his message with Wartburg's Davis Scholars|url=https://www.wartburg.edu/2020/08/12/leading-educational-philanthropist-shares-his-message-with-wartburgs-davis-scholars/|accessdate=2022-01-22|work=Wartburg College|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107082450/https://www.wartburg.edu/2020/08/12/leading-educational-philanthropist-shares-his-message-with-wartburgs-davis-scholars/}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, UWC kwupụtara mmekọrịta ya na Schmidt Futures na Rhodes Trust, Rise Programme, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ 15 nwere nzụlite ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ga-enweta agụmakwụkwọ niile iji gaa n'ofe afọ 3 site na 2021 ruo 2023, a ga-enyekwa mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ọzọ na ogige ndị gbara ọsọ mmiri Kakuma na [[Kenya]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rise {{!}} Global Youth Opportunity|url=https://www.risetotheworld.org/|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=www.risetotheworld.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rise|url=https://www.uwc.org/partners/uwc-funding-partners/rise|accessdate=2025-07-05|archivedate=2025-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522170017/https://www.uwc.org/partners/uwc-funding-partners/rise}}</ref> == Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ a ma ama == * Douglas Alexander: onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain, onye jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ Scotland, odeakwụkwọ njem, na odeakwụkwọ mmepe mba ụwa na ụlọ ọrụ Blair na Brown <ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|title=Douglas Alexander: Electoral history and profile|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/person/48/douglas-alexander|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref> * Princess Alexia nke Netherlands: nwa nke abụọ na nwa nwanyị nke Eze nke Netherlands * Niki Ashton: Onye omeiwu Canada * Marina Catena: Onye nduzi United Nations World Food Programme na Lieutenant Italian Army * João Pedro Cravinho: Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke Portugal, na onye bụbu Minista na nchekwaMinista na-ahụ maka nchekwa * David Cunliffe: onye bụbu onye omeiwu New Zealand, Minista, na onye ndú nke ndị mmegide * Princess Elisabeth, Duchess nke Brabant: onye nketa nke okpueze Belgium <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-43501464|title=Princess Elisabeth of Belgium to study in Wales - BBC News|work=BBC News|date=22 March 2018}}</ref> * jkvr. Corinne Ellemeet: Onye omeiwu Dutch * Lene Feltman Espersen: onye bụbu Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi, Denmark <ref>{{Cite web|title=Folketinget (the danish parliament) – Lene Espersen|url=http://www.thedanishparliament.dk/Members/kflees.aspx|accessdate=2011-04-10}}</ref> * Chrystia Freeland: Onye bụbu osote praịm minista na minista na-ahụ maka ego, minista na na-ahụkarị ihe gbasara gọọmentị, minista gbasara ihe gbasara mba ofesi, minista maka azụmahịa mba ofesi, na onye otu ndị omeiwu Canada. Onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede. * Paul Francis Grimes: onye isi ọrụ gọọmentị Australia. Onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke Gọọmentị Australia * Wang Guangya: Onye nnọchi anya mba China, onye bụbu onye nduzi nke Hong Kong na Macau Affairs Office nke State Council of the People's Republic of ChinaKansụl Steeti nke People's Republic of China * Khairy Jamaluddin: Onye bụbu Minista nke Ahụike, Malaysia * Kim Han-sol: Nwa nwa Kim Jong-il <ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/T_uSuCkKa3k Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_uSuCkKa3k&gl=US&hl=en|title=Kim Han-sol interviewed by Elisabeth Rehn (1/2)|date=16 October 2012|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=19 October 2012|archivedate=18 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018091736/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_uSuCkKa3k&gl=US&hl=en}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_uSuCkKa3k|title=Kim Han-sol interviewed by Elisabeth Rehn (1/2)|date=16 October 2012|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=19 October 2012}}</ref> * Ian Khama: Onye bụbu onye isi ala [[Botswana]] * Lousewies van der Laan: onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Dutch, osote onye isi oche nke European Liberal Democrats, onye isi ndị ọrụ nke onye isi oche ụlọ ikpe mpụ mba ụwa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography of L.W.S.A.L.B. van der Laan|url=http://www.parlement.com/9291000/biof/02454|publisher=Parliamentary Documentation Centre|accessdate=22 July 2012|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members of the Bureau: Biography|url=http://www.eldr.eu/media/cms/Bio_Lousewies_van_der_Laan_ENG_Sep_2009_ELDR.pdf|publisher=ELDR|accessdate=22 July 2012}}</ref> * Leonor, Princess of Asturias: onye nketa nke okpueze Spain <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-56015904|title=Spanish princess Leonor to attend UWC Atlantic College in Wales - BBC News|work=BBC News|date=10 February 2021}}</ref> * Nadiem Anwar Makarim: Minista nke agụmakwụkwọ, ọdịbendị, nyocha, na teknụzụ nke Republic of Indonesia ugbu aRepublic nke Indonesia * Princess Zenani Mandela-Dlamini: nwunye nwanne Eze nke eSwatini na nwa nwanyị nke Nelson na Winnie Mandela <ref>{{Cite news|author=Carlin|first=John|title=A child of her time|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-child-of-her-time-zindzi-mandela-was-never-destined-for-a-normal-life-her-parents-were-the-royal-family-of-the-anc-her-father-imprisoned-her-mother-hounded-zindzi-lived-with-winnie-through-the-scandal-of-the-football-club-years-and-her-subsequent-trial-already-with-four-children-she-finally-married-last-year-after-her-parents-separation-1476274.html|work=The Independent|accessdate=22 July 2012|date=3 January 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917203213/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-child-of-her-time-zindzi-mandela-was-never-destined-for-a-normal-life-her-parents-were-the-royal-family-of-the-anc-her-father-imprisoned-her-mother-hounded-zindzi-lived-with-winnie-through-the-scandal-of-the-football-club-years-and-her-subsequent-trial-already-with-four-children-she-finally-married-last-year-after-her-parents-separation-1476274.html|archive-date=17 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Eluned Morgan: onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Welsh, onye otu House of Lords na onye bụbu onye otu European Parliament <ref>{{Cite news|title=BBC news: MEP Eluned Morgan will step down|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7670426.stm|date=14 October 2008|accessdate=2010-06-13|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HOUSE OF LORDS - Official Report|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/ldhansrd/lhan101.pdf|work=Parliamentary Debates (HANSARD)|date=2011-01-26|accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref> * Tim Owen: Onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Britain * Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece: nwa mbụ nke eze mbụ na nke ikpeazụ nke Gris, Constantine nke Abụọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Greek Royal Family - Prince Pavlos|url=http://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/en/royal-family.html|accessdate=15 July 2012}}</ref> * Julie Payette: Gọvanọ General nke Canada 2017-2021 na onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe <ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor General Julie Payette: Biography|url=https://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=16943|accessdate=25 November 2017|work=gg.ca|publisher=Office of the Secretary to the Governor General|date=23 November 2017|language=en, fr|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035323/https://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=16943}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronauts/biopayette.asp|title=Canadian Space Agency - Biografie|date=February 2008|accessdate=2010-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/payette.html|title=NASA - Astronauts Bio|accessdate=2010-06-12}}</ref> * Princess Raiyah bint Hussein: nwa nwanyị nke Eze Hussein nke Jọdan <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=5&nid=52&storyid=437|title=200 invalid-request|work=www.uwc.org|accessdate=2018-12-02|archivedate=2018-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202155337/https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=5&nid=52&storyid=437}}</ref> * [[David Moinina Sengeh]]: Minista nke Mmụta na Chief Innovation Officer, Sierra Leone * [[Lindiwe Sisulu]]: Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ndị agha na South Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=South African Government Information – Profile Information|url=http://www.info.gov.za/leaders/ministers/defence1.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204120901/http://www.info.gov.za/leaders/ministers/defence1.htm|archivedate=December 4, 2010|accessdate=2010-06-03}}</ref> * Elisa Spiropali: Minista nke Mba maka Mmekọrịta ya na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu, Albania * Xochitl Torres Small: Onye na-esote odeakwụkwọ U.S. nke ọrụ ugbo maka mmepe ime obodo, onye bụbu onye otu U.S House of Representatives si na Mpaghara nke abụọ nke New Mexico. * {{ill|Pilvi Torsti|fi|vertical-align=sup}} : Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Finland * Jakob von Weizsäcker: onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Germany, onye isi na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke Ministry of Finance nke Germany, onye otu European Parliament * Eze Willem-Alexander: Eze nke Netherlands <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/members-of-the-royal-house/the-prince-of-orange/education/|title=The Royal House - The Prince of Orange - Education|accessdate=15 July 2012}}</ref> * Yuen Pau Woo: Onye nkuzi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Singapore-Canada * Princess Purnika nke Nepal: Onye bụbu Princess nke Nepal; Onye bụbu onye nketa nke ocheeze- Purnika Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah === Azụmaahịa === * [[Hakeem Belo-Osagie]]: Onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria (ike, ego na nkwukọrịta) * Jhr. {{ill|Harold Boël|nl|vertical-align=sup}} : Onye ọchụnta ego Beljọm na onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ Sofina * Robin Chase: onye guzobere na onye isi oche mbụ nke Zipcar <ref>{{Cite web|title=Robin Chase|url=https://www.waterford.sz/alumni/alumni-profiles/robin-chase.php|publisher=United World Colleges|accessdate=29 November 2016|archivedate=30 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130111038/https://www.waterford.sz/alumni/alumni-profiles/robin-chase.php}}</ref> * Darren Huston: onye ọchụnta ego Canada, onye bụbu onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke Priceline na Booking.com * Pentti Kouri: onye Finland na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na onye na-ahụ Maka azụmaahịa <ref>{{Cite web|title=HELSINGIN SANOMAT INTERNATIONAL EDITION - PEOPLE|url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Pentti+Kouri+1949-2009/1135242979517|date=23 January 2009|accessdate=2010-06-13}}</ref> * Robert Milton: Onye isi oche, Onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke ACE Aviation Holdings Inc. na Onye isi oche nke Air Canada <ref>{{Cite web|title=Robert Milton|url=http://www.uwcsea.edu.sg/uploaded/images/General/Alumni_Profiles/files/Robert_Milton.pdf|work=Alumni Profile|publisher=UWCSEA|accessdate=22 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102045205/http://www.uwcsea.edu.sg/uploaded/images/General/Alumni_Profiles/files/Robert_Milton.pdf|archivedate=2 November 2012}}</ref> * Mira Murati: CTO nke OpenAI * Eyal Ofer: onye ọchụnta ego Israel (ụlọ na mbupu) * Jorma Ollila: onye bụbu onyeisi oche na onye isi oche nke Nokia Corporation <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nokia - Jorma Ollila|url=http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/corporate-governance/board-of-directors/jorma-ollila|accessdate=2010-06-13}}</ref> * Todd Sampson: Onye isi nke Leo Burnett, Sydney, onye na-emepụta atụmatụ Earth Hour <ref>{{Cite news|author=Knox|first=Malcolm|title=A head for the hard sell|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/a-head-for-the-hard-sell-20101112-17rag.html|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=22 July 2012|date=2010-11-13}}</ref> * Peter Sands: Onye isi oche nke Standard Chartered <ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Sands|url=http://www.uwc.org/our_impact/alumni_profiles/business/peter_sands.aspx|work=Alumni Profiles|publisher=United World Colleges|accessdate=22 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017110440/http://uwc.org/our_impact/alumni_profiles/business/peter_sands.aspx|archivedate=17 October 2012}}</ref> * {{ill|Tellef Thorleifsson|nb|vertical-align=sup}} : CEO nke Norfund === Nkà na mgbasa ozi === * Lina Attalah: Onye nta akụkọ Ijipt * Nicholas Dawes, onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ South Africa * Juan Pablo Di Pace: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Argentina * Saba Douglas-Hamilton: onye na-echekwa ihe na onye na-eme ihe nkiri TV <ref>{{Cite web|title=Saba Douglas-Hamilton – Bio|url=http://www.douglas-hamilton.com/Site/Bio.html|accessdate=2010-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928043823/http://www.douglas-hamilton.com/Site/Bio.html|archivedate=2011-09-28}}</ref> * Sally El-Hosaini: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-enweta ihe nrite, Screen International's UK Stars of Tomorrow 2009 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sally El Hosaini|url=http://www.atlanticcollege.org/50th/photo-collage/sally-el-hosaini/|work=Alumni Profiles|publisher=UWC Atlantic College|accessdate=22 July 2012|archivedate=29 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929032042/https://www.atlanticcollege.org/50th/photo-collage/sally-el-hosaini/}}</ref> * Anne Enright: onye edemede Irish, onye mmeri nke Man Booker Prize maka The Gathering na 2007 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anne Enright|url=http://www.pearsoncollege.ca/story_man_booker_prize|accessdate=2010-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109163044/http://www.pearsoncollege.ca/story_man_booker_prize|archivedate=2010-01-09}}</ref> * Richard E. Grant: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Swazi-English nke Withnail and I fame na onye a họpụtara na 2019 Academy Award maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma maka Can You Ever Forgive Me? * Luke Harding: Onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede Britain * Sophie Hawley-Weld: Onye na-abụ abụ maka òtù Sofi Tukker * Hernán Jiménez: Onye na-eme ihe ọchị na onye nduzi ihe nkiri si Costa Rica * Ashraf Johaardien: onye na-ede egwuregwu si South Africa[[South Africa|Saụt Afrịka]] * Sonam Kapoor: onye India na-eme ihe nkiri * Fanny Ketter: Onye Sweden na-eme ihe nkiri * Eric Khoo: onye nduzi ihe nkiri si Singapore * Nakkiah Lui: onye Australia na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede, na onye na-eme ọchị * Valeria Luisello: Onye edemede si [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] * Aernout, Baron van Lynden: onye nta akụkọ Dutch-British / onye nta akụkọ agha * [[J. Nozipo Maraire]]: Dọkịta, onye ọchụnta ego na onye edemede a mụrụ na Zimbabwe. * Karen Mok: Onye na-agụ egwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ede egwu na Hong Kong, onye mmeri Golden Melody Award ugboro atọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://karenmok.com/karenmok/details.html|title=Karen Mok - Bio|accessdate=2010-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421234731/http://karenmok.com/karenmok/details.html|archivedate=2010-04-21}}</ref> * [[Wangechi Mutu]]: onye na-ese ihe na Kenya na 2010 Deutsche Bank Artist of the Year <ref>{{Cite web|author=Miro|first=Victoria|title=Wangechi Mutu - biography|url=http://www.victoria-miro.com/aolpublic/victoriamiro/docs/cvs/9/MUTU%20CV.pdf|accessdate=21 July 2012|archivedate=30 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130092202/http://www.victoria-miro.com/aolpublic/victoriamiro/docs/cvs/9/MUTU%20CV.pdf}}</ref> * Latif Nasser: onye nduzi nyocha nke Canada na America na onye na-akwado ''Radiolab'', yana onye na-elekọta usoro Netflix Connected''Njikọ'' * Iqbaal Ramadan: Onye Indonesia na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eti egwu * Aki Sasamoto: Onye na-ese ihe na New York * Tara Sharma: Onye India na-eme ihe nkiri * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] {{ill|Fernande van Tets|nl|vertical-align=sup}} : Onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede Dutch * Emma Tucker: Onye nta akụkọ Britain, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke The Sunday Times''Oge Sọnde'' === Ndị ọkà mmụta === * Ruha Benjamin: Prọfesọ nke African American Studies na Mahadum Princeton <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-04|title=Timnit Gebru na Twitterze: "Did we say that we have 500 copies of @ruha9's book? For the people who will occupy the 500 seats at the dinner? You get her book FOR FREE, have the opportunity to have her sign it and get to listen to her during a fireside chat.…"|url=https://twitter.com/timnitGebru/status/1203844871326273537|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204180857/https://twitter.com/timnitGebru/status/1203844871326273537|archivedate=2021-02-04|accessdate=2023-05-23}}</ref> * Orsola De Marco: Prọfesọ nke Astrophysics na Mahadum Macquarie <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-08|title=The messy death of a multiple star system and the resulting planetary nebula as observed by JWST|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01845-2}}</ref> * Alison Donnell: Prọfesọ Bekee na Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ nke edemede na asụsụ na Mahadum nke Reading <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://repeatingislands.com/2013/07/31/alison-donnell-reviews-sexualities-in-the-tent/|title=Alison Donnell Reviews "Sexualities in the Tent"|date=31 July 2013|accessdate=5 July 2025|archivedate=8 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508132027/https://repeatingislands.com/2013/07/31/alison-donnell-reviews-sexualities-in-the-tent/}}</ref> * Tamar Herzog: Monroe Gutman Prọfesọ nke Latin American Affairs na Mahadum Harvard * Stephan Klasen: Prọfesọ nke Development Economics, Mahadum nke Göttingen <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dr. Stephan Klasen|url=https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/prof-dr-stephan-klasen/535900.html|publisher=Göttingen Centre for Genderstudies|accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref> * Jonathan Michie: Onye nduzi nke Ngalaba Na-aga n'ihu na Onye isi oche nke Kellogg College, Mahadum Oxford <ref>{{Cite web|title=Manchester United Supporters' Trust - Founder|url=http://www.joinmust.org/about/founders/jonathan-michie.php|accessdate=22 July 2012}}</ref> * Gina Neff: Prọfesọ nke Sociology, Mahadum Oxford na Senior Research Fellow, Christ Church, Oxford <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gina Neff|url=http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/academic-staff/gina-neff.html|accessdate=11 February 2016|archivedate=8 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208101153/http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/academic-staff/gina-neff.html}}</ref> * Howard Newby: osote onye isi nke Mahadum Liverpool <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sir Howard Newby|url=http://www.atlanticcollege.org/50th/photo-collage/14/|work=Alumni Profiles|publisher=UWC Atlantic College|accessdate=22 July 2012|archivedate=10 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610054732/http://www.atlanticcollege.org/50th/photo-collage/14}}</ref> * Jukka-Pekka Onnela: onye sayensị Finland * David Rueda: Prọfesọ nke Comparative Politics na Nuffield College, Mahadum Oxford * Shawkat Toorawa: Prọfesọ nke Ọmụmụ Arabic, [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]] * Alan Whiteside: Onye nkuzi South Africa, onye nchọpụta na prọfesọ, nke a maara karịsịa maka ọrụ ya na ọrịa AIDS na Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumni Profile: Alan Whiteside (South Africa, WK 69-74)|url=https://www.waterford.sz/alumni/profiles/view.php?ngubani=41|work=UWC Waterford Kamhlaba}}</ref> * Ghil'ad Zuckermann: Onye isi oche nke Linguistics na Asụsụ Ndị Na-achọ Ịdị Nri, Mahadum Adelaide === Akụkụ ndị ọzọ === * Akihiko Hoshide: onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe na Japan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Astronaut Bio: Akihiko Hoshide|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/hoshide-a.html|publisher=NASA|accessdate=22 July 2012}}</ref> * Malaika Vaz: onye nchọpụta kachasị nta ruru [[Arctic]]" id="mwAxI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Antarctica">Antarctica na Arctic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Goan-teen-to-train-women-to-scale-high-peaks/articleshow/33874820.cms|title=Goan teen to train women to scale high peaks|date=April 18, 2014|first=Anisha|author=Francis|work=The Times of India|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/riding-the-crest/article3934466.ece|title=Riding the crest|first=Preeti Verma|author=Lal|work=The Hindu|date=25 September 2012}}</ref> * Mayumi Raheem: Onye Sri Lankan na-egwu mmiri, onye nwetara ọla edo ugboro atọ na 2006 South Asian Games <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mihic|first=Andrea|title=Another win for Mayumi Raheem at swimming|url=http://interuwcmag.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/another-win-for-mayumi-raheem-at-swimming/|publisher=United Words|accessdate=22 July 2012|date=2 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tomorrowsrilanka.com/10th_saf_games/10th_saf_games_swimming.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120060038/http://www.tomorrowsrilanka.com/10th_saf_games/10th_saf_games_swimming.html|archivedate=20 January 2008|title=SAF Games 2006 : Swimming Results (SA Games Results)|date=20 January 2008}}</ref> * Paul Colton: Bishọp nke Cork, Cloyne na Ross, Ireland <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross - The Bishop|url=http://www.cork.anglican.org/people/bishopsbiog.html|accessdate=22 July 2012|archivedate=11 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311021622/http://www.cork.anglican.org/people/bishopsbiog.html}}</ref> * Andreas Loewe: Dean nke Melbourne na Chọọchị Anglican nke Melbourne * Bhushan Tuladhar: Onye injinia a ma ama na Nepali == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nxr976xwlqllynom15s1zc5rp76f6st 0 66998 728280 514891 2026-09-26T18:29:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728280 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Percival Bailey</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1892-05-09</span>)</span> Mee 9, 1892 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" |August 10, 1973 <span style="display:none">(1973-08-10)</span> (afọ 81) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data category" |Onye America |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma mater&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Southern Illinois Normal University, Mahadum Chicago, [[Northwestern University|Mahadum Northwestern]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwunye | class="infobox-data" |Yevnigé Bashian |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onyinye | class="infobox-data" |[[Guggenheim Fellowship]] (1925) Arthur Tracy Cabot Fellow (1920-21) <br /> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ọrụ sayensị''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ubi | class="infobox-data category" |Ọrịa akwara, ịwa ahụ akwara, ọrịa uche |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụlọ ọrụ | class="infobox-data" |Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Mahadum Chicago, Cook County Hospital, Machịum Illinois na ChicagoMahadum Illinois na Chicago |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụmụ akwụkwọ ama ama | class="infobox-data" |Paul Bucy, A. Earl Walker, Leo M. Davidoff, Bernard Pertuiset, Ralph Bingham Cloward, Karl H. Pribram, Clovis Vincent, Sidney Gross |} '''Percival Sylvester Bailey''' <big>(9 Mee 1892 – 10 Ọgọst 1973) bụ onye dọkịta pụrụ iche n’ọrịa akwara ụbụrụ na usoro akwara, onye dọkịta na-eme ịwa ahụ ụbụrụ, ma bụrụkwa onye dibịa–akparamàgwà mmadụ. Ọ bụ onye si n’ógbè ndịda steeti Illinois na Ụmụ Amerikā.[[Ilinoi|Illinois]].</big> O malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya n’ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-akụzi ndị nkuzi aha ya bụ Southern Illinois Normal University, ebe a zụlitere ya maka ọrụ nkuzi. Ka oge na-aga, n’afọ 1912, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ banye Mahadum Chicago, ebe ọchịchọ ya banyere ọmụmụ gbasara ọrịa akwara mmadụ na ụbụrụ bidoro ịpụta ìhè. N’afọ 1918, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ọgwụ na Mahadum Northwestern dị n’obodo Evanston, ma n’afọ sochirinụ, 1919, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye enyemaka dọkịta Harvey Cushing n’ụlọ ọgwụ a ma ama nke Peter Bent Brigham Hospital dị na Boston. N’afọ 1928, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi ngalaba ọgwụ ịwa ahụ ụbụrụ na Mahadum Chicago. Mgbe e mesịrị, n’afọ 1939, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ nke ọmụmụ akwara mmadụ na ọgwụ ịwa ahụ akwara ụbụrụ na Mahadum Illinois Chicago. Site n’afọ 1951, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye isi njikwa ụlọ ọrụ a na-amụ ọrịa uche aha ya bụ Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Ọrịa Uche steeti Illinois. N'afọ 1925, Bailey chọpụtara glioma dị n'etiti ụbụrụ nke a na-ejikọkarị na nwata a na-akpọ medulloblastoma, nke o bipụtara akwụkwọ dị mkpa ya na Cushing nke akpọrọ ''Medulloblastoma Cerebelli''. A na-ekwu na ndị dọkịta abụọ ahụ chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "hemangioblastoma". Ya na Paul Bucy (1904-1992), Bailey mere nnyocha metụtara ọdịdị nke akpụ intracranial na akpụ meningeal. Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ nwere ike ikwenye na otu ụdị akpụ (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka [[oligodendroglia]]" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oligodendroglioma">oligodendroglioma) nwere oligodendrogenlia. Ya na [[Gerhardt von Bonin]] (1890-1979), Bailey dere akwụkwọ abụọ, "The Neocortex of the Chimpanzee" na 1950 na "The Isocortex of Man" na 1951, nke nyere nkọwa ziri ezi banyere cytoarchitecture nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ. Dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche, Bailey bụ onye na-akatọ nkà mmụta uche Freud, nke o weere dị ka ịkọ nkọ na nke na-abụghị nke sayensị. N'afọ 1965, o bipụtara akwụkwọ banyere Freud nke akpọrọ "Sigmund The Unserene". == Edensibia == * Bucy, Paul C. "[http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/pbailey.pdf Percival Bailey 1892-1973]". Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1989. * Ferguson, Sherise na Maciej S. Lesniak. "[http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/503950 Percival Bailey na Nchịkọta nke Ọrịa Ọrịa Ọkụ]". Ntụziaka Nnyocha Akwara. Izu ohi 18. Nke 4. (Eprel 2005). == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418033308/https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bailey-per.pdf National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir] {{Authority control}} i48aepdh0ozvfgu3kc2wxs27qhoi0va 0 67020 728405 692059 2026-09-27T04:56:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728405 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Susan Ellen Alcock''' bu onye America na-amụ banyere ihe mgbe ochie bu ọkachamara na nyocha ihe mgbe ochie na ihe mgbe ochie nke ncheta na mpaghara nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Alcock toro na [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] ma gụọ akwụkwọ na [[Yale University|Yale]] na Mahadum Cambridge . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vivo.brown.edu/display/salcock|title=Alcock, Susan|work=vivo.brown.edu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401192410/https://vivo.brown.edu/display/salcock|archivedate=2015-04-01}}</ref> Alcock bu onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche maka mgbasa ozi na itinye aka na Professor nke Classical Archaeology na Classics na Mahadum Michigan wee ghọọ onye isi nchịkwa na osote Onye isi ala ihe ọmụmụ na Mahadum Michigan - Flint na Julaị 2018. Ọ bu ugbu a onye mbụ na achịkwa Barnett Family Professor nke Classical Archaeology na Mahadum Oklahoma-Norman, ebe ọ na akụzi ihe ọmụmụ na Ngalaba nke Classics & Letters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sue Alcock|url=http://www.ou.edu/cas/classicsandletters/people/sue-alcock.html|accessdate=2024-02-06|work=www.ou.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Site na 1979 ruo 1983, Alcock gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Yale, na-gụsị akwụkwọ ''summa cum laude'' na nzere Bachelor of Arts na Archaeology na History. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ochie na Mahadum Cambridge, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Klas mbụ BA na 1985; dịka omenala si dị, a kwalitere BA ka ọ bụrụ nzere Master of Arts (MA Cantab) na afọ 1989. <ref name="CV">{{Cite web|title=CURRICULUM VITAE: Susan E. Alcock|url=https://lsa.umich.edu/classics/people/departmental-faculty/susan-alcock/_jcr_content/file.res/Alcock_CV_September_2015.pdf|work=College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|publisher=University of Michigan|accessdate=8 July 2016|date=2015|archivedate=30 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030031114/http://lsa.umich.edu/classics/people/departmental-faculty/susan-alcock/_jcr_content/file.res/Alcock_CV_September_2015.pdf}}</ref> Ọ nọgidere na Cambridge ja ọ malite nyocha nke postgraduate, wee mechaa PhD ya na 1989 site na akara mmụta doctoral akpọrọ "Greek society na mgbanwe na ọchịchị Rome".<ref name="CV" /> == Ọrụ == Alcock jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World na Professor nke Classics na Mahadum Brown site na Jenụwarị 2006 ruo 2015. Tupu nke ahụ, ọ bu John H. D'Arms Professor nke Classical Archaeology na Mahadum Michigan. Ọ bu onye nduzi nke Pylos Regional Archaeological Project na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Gris, mgbe ahụ onye ndozi Vorotan Project na ndịдoro Armenia, ma bụrụkwa onye ndozi nke Brown University Petra Archaeological project. N'afọ 2000 e nyere ya MacArthur Fellowship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/july-2000/|title=MacArthur Foundation|accessdate=2025-10-18|archivedate=2020-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026100152/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/july-2000/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archaeology.org/0507/etc/conversations.html|title=Conversations: Monuments and Memory - Archaeology Magazine Archive|access-date=2025-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009161752/http://www.archaeology.org/0507/etc/conversations.html|archive-date=2012-10-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Graecia Capta: Ọdịdị ala nke Gris Rom (Cambridge 1993) * (onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Robin Osborne) Ntinye chi: Ebe Nsọ na Ebe Nsọ na Gris oge ochie (Oxford 1994) * (onye nchịkọta akụkọ) ''Alaeze Ukwu Rom Mbụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ'' (Oxford 1997) * Archaeologies nke Greek gara aga: Landscape, Monuments and Memory (Cambridge 2001) * (nke ya na John Cherry na Jas Elsner dezigharịrị) Pausanias: Travel and Memory in Roman Greece (New York 2001) * (onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya na Terence D'Altroy, Kathleen Morrison na Carla Sinopoli) Empires: Perspectives from History and Archaeology (Cambridge 2001) * (onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Ruth Van Dyke) The Archaeology of Memory (Oxford 2003) * (onye nchịkọta akụkọ na John Cherry) ''Nnyocha n'akụkụ n'akụkụ: Nnyocha mpaghara Comparative na mpaghara Mediterenian'' (Oxford 2004) * (onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Lauren Talalay) N'ọhịa: The Archaeological Expeditions of the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology (Ann Arbor 2006) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://vivo.brown.edu/display/salcock Peeji ngalaba na Brown] * [https://brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/fieldwork/bupap Mahadum Brown Petra Archaeological Project (BUPAP)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180428142519/https://president.umich.edu/leadership-team/direct-reports/susan-e-sue-alcock/ Mahadum nke Michigan, Onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche maka mgbasa ozi na itinye aka, Ọfịs nke Onye isi ala] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nhjhwsqtwcbecaij4pwbdnsayvhj5xv 0 72452 728349 594865 2026-09-26T23:54:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728349 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruth Myrtle Patrick (Novemba 26, 1907 – Septemba 23, 2013) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe gbasara osisi na limnologist Amerịka nke na-ahụkarị maka diatom na ihe ọmụma gbasara mmiri ọhụrụ. O dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị 200, mepụtara ụzọ iji tụọ ahụike nke ihe gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri ọhụrụ ma mepụta ọtụtụ ebe nyocha. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Ruth Patrick bụ ada Frank Patrick, onye na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ, na ọkaiwu. Frank nwetara akara ugo mmụta na nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum Cornell dị na Ithaca, New York, ọ bụkwa ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe mmasị na ntụrụndụ. Ọ na-akpọrọ Ruth na nwanne ya nwanyị n'ehihie Sọnde iji chịkọta ihe atụ, karịsịa diatoms, site na iyi. Nke a kpaliri mmasị ndụ ya niile na diatoms na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ruth Patrick na-echeta na ọ "na-anakọta ihe niile: ikpuru, ero, osisi, nkume. Echetara m mmetụta m nwere mgbe nna m ga-atụgharị elu tebụl ukwu ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ ma tụgharịa mikroskopu... ọ bụ ihe ebube, na-ele anya site na windo na ụwa ndị ọzọ niile."[1] Ruth gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Sunset Hill na Kansas City, Missouri, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1925. Nne Ruth siri ọnwụ na ya ga-aga Coker College, ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na Hartsville, South Carolina, mana nna ya mere ndokwa ka ọ gaa ọmụmụ ihe n'oge okpomọkụ, n'ihi egwu na Coker agaghị enye agụmakwụkwọ na-eju afọ na sayensị. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1929, o debara aha na Mahadum Virginia, wee nweta nzere masta na 1931, wee nweta Ph.D. na 1934.[2] == Ọrụ ==   Nnyocha Patrick na diatoms echekwara n'ime nkume gosiri na Ebe Ọzara Dismal dị n'etiti Virginia na North Carolina bụbu oke ọhịa, nke mmiri oké osimiri juru n'ọnụ. Nnyocha yiri nke a gosiri na Osimiri Nnu Ukwu abụghị mgbe niile bụ ọdọ mmiri mmiri nnu. N’oge Mgbagha Ukwu ahụ, ọ chọrọ onwe ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ihe ngosi microscopy maka Academy of Natural Sciences, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ n’efu ruo afọ asatọ. A malitere ịkwụ ya ụgwọ na 1945. Na 1947, o guzobere ma na-elekọta ngalaba Limnology nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.[1] Ọ gara n’ihu ịrụ ọrụ ebe ahụ ọtụtụ afọ wee bụrụ onye ama ama dị ka onye nchịkwa sayensị nwere nkà na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na mgbakwunye na onyinye sayensị ndị ọzọ ọ mere. Na 1967, o guzobere Stroud Water Research Center n'ọrụ ọnụ na W.B. Dixon Stroud na nwunye ya Joan Milliken Stroud; ebe a nọ n'ala Stroud n'akụkụ Osimiri White Clay na Avondale, Pennsylvania[2]. Ọrụ Patrick na Great Salt Lake na 1930s jiri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke diatoms na sedimenti nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ gosipụta na ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụbu mmiri dị ọcha, ma guzobe ụfọdụ ihe akaebe siri ike gbasara ihe kpatara mgbanwe ahụ gaa na mmiri dị ụtọ. Na 1945, ọ chịpụtara diatometer, ngwáọrụ iji were ezigbo ihe atụ maka ịmụ ihe dị iche iche n'ọdịdị mmiri. Patrick bụ onye mbu n'iji ụdịdị dị iche iche chọpụta ahụike zuru oke nke ahịrị mmiri. Ọrụ ya na ndị ọkachamara na ụlọ ọrụ dịka DuPont nyere aka ịghọta unyi na mmetụta ha nwere na osimiri, ọdọ mmiri, na isi mmalite mmiri ọṅụṅụ. Patrick bụ onye na-akwado mmiri dị ọcha, tinyere inye aka na mmepe nke ntuziaka maka US Congress Clean Water Act. Onye isi ala Lyndon B. Johnson kpọrọ ọkachamara ya maka unyi mmiri, na onye isi ala Ronald Reagan jụrụ echiche ya na mmiri ozuzo nke acid. == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == E bipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe ma nata ọtụtụ onyinye maka ihe ọmụmụ sayensị ya. Ndepụta zuru ezu dị na ibe ụlọ ọrụ ya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/honors/|title=Honors & Awards {{!}} Ruth Patrick {{!}} People|work=Drexel University -|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-04|archivedate=2019-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306234846/https://ansp.org/research/environmental-research/people/patrick/honors/}}</ref> Ihe ndị dị mkpa gụnyere: * Onye otu United States National Academy of Sciences na 1970<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wasserman|first=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/36}}</ref> * Onyinye Onye Ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi site na Ecological Society of America na 1972 * Onye otu American Philosophical Society na 1974 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Bott|first=Thomas|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/patrick-ruth.pdf|title=Biographical Memoirs: Ruth Patrick|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|year=2014|pages=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419121837/https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/patrick-ruth.pdf|archive-date=2024-04-19|access-date=2026-01-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ihe nrite John na Alice Tyler maka Ihe Ọganihu Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na 1975 * Golden Plate Award nke American Academy of Achievement na 1975 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Wasserman|first=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/36}}</ref> * Fellow nke American Academy of Arts and Sciences na 1976 <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter P|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterP.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> * Ihe nrite ọla edo nke Royal Zoological Society nke Antwerp, Belgium, na 1978 <ref name=":2"/> * Onye otu Honorary Lifetime site na American Society of Naturalists na 1988 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://amnat.org/announcements/MemoriamRP.html|title=In Memoriam: Ruth Patrick (1907-2013)|work=amnat.org|accessdate=2019-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnat.org/awards.html#Lifetime|title=Awards|work=www.amnat.org|accessdate=2019-03-03}}</ref> * Benjamin Franklin Medal maka ihe ịga nke ọma na sayensị na 1993 <ref name="franklinscience_recipients">{{Cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/prizes/franklinscience|title=Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients|publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]]|accessdate=November 27, 2011}}</ref> * Ihe nrite sayensị nke mba na 1996 * A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award site na American Society of Limnology and Oceanography na 1996 * Mendel Medal site na Mahadum Villanova (nkwanye ùgwù kachasị elu nke mahadum), 2002 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/university_events/mendelmedal/pastrecipients.html|title=Past Mendel Medal Recipients {{!}} Villanova University|work=www1.villanova.edu|accessdate=2019-03-04|archivedate=2019-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043952/https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/university_events/mendelmedal/pastrecipients.html}}</ref> * Ihe nrite onye isi oche Heinz Award na 2002 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heinzawards.org/pages/ruth-patrick|title=The Heinz Awards :: Ruth Patrick|work=www.heinzawards.org}}</ref> * Onye otu Ecological Society of America, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|title=ESA Fellows|url=https://esa.org/about/awards/fellows-program/esa-fellows/|accessdate=2025-08-13|work=Ecological Society of America}}</ref> A na-akpọ Ruth Patrick Science Education Center na Aiken, South Carolina, aha ya. Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography na-enye Ruth Patrick Award "iji sọpụrụ nyocha dị ịrịba ama site n'aka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na itinye ụkpụrụ sayensị mmiri na njirimara, nyocha na / ma ọ bụ ngwọta nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa. " A na-egosi onye edemede a site na mkpirisi '''<span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">R.M.Patrick</span></span></span>''' mgbe ọ na-ezo aka na aha botanical. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Bott|first=Thomas|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/patrick-ruth.pdf|title=Biographical Memoirs: Ruth Patrick|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|year=2014|pages=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419121837/https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/patrick-ruth.pdf|archive-date=2024-04-19|access-date=2026-01-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2007, e mere emume iji sọpụrụ. Afọ 100 nke Patrick na-abịanụ na Academy of Natural Sciences na Philadelphia, PA. Ndị ọbịa ama ama gụnyere Gọvanọ nke Pennsylvania Ed Rendell . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Wasserman|first=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/36}}</ref> Dr Patrick nwetara ihe karịrị nzere nsọpụrụ 25. <ref name=":2"/> N'afọ 2009, a nabatara Patrick n'ime National Women's Hall of Fame . == Ndụ onwe onye == Patrick lụrụ di ugboro abụọ. Ọ nọgidere na-akpọ aha mbụ ya mgbe ọ na-ede akwụkwọ sayensị, na arịrịọ nna ya. Di ya bụ Charles Hodge IV na Lewis H. Van Dusen Jr. Ya na Charles Hodge nke anọ nwere otu nwa nwoke. Charles bụ onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ ahụhụ na nwa Benjamin Franklin. Patrick nwụrụ n'ụlọ ndị agadi n'afọ 2013. Ọ dị afọ 105.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wasserman|first=Elga R.|title=The door in the dream : conversations with eminent women in science|date=2000|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|isbn=978-0-309-06568-9|url=https://archive.org/details/doorindream00elga/page/36}}</ref> Dị ka otuto nye nna ya na nwata ya na [[Kansas City, Missouri]], Dr. Patrick hapụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ọbá akwụkwọ ya na Linda Hall Library mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Akwụkwọ ndị a na-elekwasị anya na microscopy na microscopical observations.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bott|first=Thomas|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/patrick-ruth.pdf|title=Biographical Memoirs: Ruth Patrick|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|year=2014|pages=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419121837/https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/patrick-ruth.pdf|archive-date=2024-04-19|access-date=2026-01-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cd8a1v0q0hcseubxyx9qthmpedvz9k0 0 73938 728206 631334 2026-09-26T13:07:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Stamp_of_India_-_1975_-_Colnect_372792_-_Saraswati_Goddess_of_learning_-_inscription_in_Telugu.jpeg|thumb|World Telugu Conference, Stamp of India - 1975 - Saraswati (Chi nwanyị nke mmụta) - ihe odide na Telugu.]] World Telugu Conference (WTC) bụ ogbako maka ịkwalite asụsụ Telugu. <ref name=":0" /> echiche ha gbasara ịgbasa na ichekwa asụsụ ahụ na ịkwado amụma asụsụ Telugu. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E mere WTC mbụ na Hyderabad na 1975. <ref name=":1" /> Minista na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ n'oge ahụ, Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao nyere aka ịmalite ya.<ref name=":2" /> Onye na-agụ egwu bụ M. S. Ramarao mere nke mbụ ya na nrị ahụ. Sankarambadi Sundarachari bịakwara, onye dere ukwe "Maa Telugu Thalliki", na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-agụ egwu Tanguturi Suryakumari onye si London bịa ịka ukwe ahụ..<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=History of the World Telugu Conferences|url=http://www.worldteluguconference.com/en/first-wtc.html|accessdate=23 March 2013|work=World Telugu Conference}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.worldteluguconference.com/en/first-wtc.html "History of the World Telugu Conferences"]. ''World Telugu Conference''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> E mere WTC nke abụọ na Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia site na 14–18 Eprel 1981, <ref name=":3" /> na nke atọ na Disemba 1990 na [[Mauritius]]. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":4" /> E mere nzukọ nkeanọ nke Telugu na Tirupati na Disemba 2012. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=B. Prabhakara Sarma|date=2012-12-06|title=World Telugu Conference: Then and now|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/world-telugu-conference-then-and-now/article4167022.ece|accessdate=2013-02-03|work=The Hindu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFB._Prabhakara_Sarma2012">B. Prabhakara Sarma (6 December 2012). [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/world-telugu-conference-then-and-now/article4167022.ece "World Telugu Conference: Then and now"]. ''The Hindu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=V|first=Rishi Kumar|date=|title=Tirupathi to host World Telugu Conference|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/tirupathi-to-host-world-telugu-conference/article4130001.ece|accessdate=2013-02-03|publisher=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> E mere nke ise site na 15 Dsemba 2017 na LB Stadium, Hyderabad, na-eme emume afọ 40 nke World Telugu Conferences. <ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" |+Ndepụta nke nzukọ !Aha gọọmentị !Obodo na-anabata !Mba na-anabata !Afọ !Ihe mgbochi. |- |Nzukọ nke Mbụ nke Ụwa Telugu |Hyderabad |India |1975 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2012-12-07|title=World Telugu Conference venue to be shifted|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-07/hyderabad/35669667_1_venue-heavy-rains-kiran-kumar-reddy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227035622/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-07/hyderabad/35669667_1_venue-heavy-rains-kiran-kumar-reddy|archivedate=2013-02-27|accessdate=2013-02-03|work=[[The Times of India]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 7 December 2012. Archived from on 27 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> |- |Nzukọ nke Abụọ nke Ụwa Telugu |Kuala Lumpur |Malaysia |1981 |<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Holdings: Second World Telugu Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 14-18 April 1981|url=https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/687623|accessdate=2023-03-24|date=7 April 1981|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324160934/https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/687623|archive-date=24 March 2023|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230325205422/https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/687623 ''Holdings: Second World Telugu Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 14-18 April 1981'']. 7 April 1981<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span data-ve-ignore=""> </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Templeeti:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code">&#x7C;website=</code> ignored ([[Help:CS1 errors#periodical ignored|help]])</span> [[Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored]]</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=2012-08-21|title=World Telugu Conference office inaugurated|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/world-telugu-conference-office-inaugurated/article3802234.ece|accessdate=2023-03-24}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/world-telugu-conference-office-inaugurated/article3802234.ece "World Telugu Conference office inaugurated"]. ''The Hindu''. 21 August 2012. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X 0971-751X]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> |- |Nzukọ nke 3 nke Ụwa Telugu |Port Louis |Mauritius |1990 |<ref name=":4" /> |- |Nzukọ nke 4 nke Ụwa Telugu |Ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo |India |2012 |<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2012-11-26|title='Give wide publicity to World Telugu Conference'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/give-wide-publicity-to-world-telugu-conference/article4136601.ece|accessdate=2013-02-03|work=The Hindu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/give-wide-publicity-to-world-telugu-conference/article4136601.ece "'Give wide publicity to World Telugu Conference'"]. ''The Hindu''. 26 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> |- |Nzukọ nke ise nke ụwa Telugu |Hyderabad |India |2017 |<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|author=Adivi|first=Sridhar|title=World Telugu Conference 2017 kicks off today; Telangana culture, heritage and literature to get full display|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/world-telugu-conference-2017-kicks-off-today-telangana-culture-heritage-and-literature-to-get-full-display/articleshow/62079535.cms|accessdate=2019-08-22|work=The Times of India|date=15 December 2017|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdivi2017">Adivi, Sridhar (15 December 2017). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/world-telugu-conference-2017-kicks-off-today-telangana-culture-heritage-and-literature-to-get-full-display/articleshow/62079535.cms "World Telugu Conference 2017 kicks off today; Telangana culture, heritage and literature to get full display"]. ''The Times of India''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|author=Vadlamudi|first=Swathi|date=2017-12-19|title=Curtains down on World Telugu Conference|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/curtains-down-on-world-telugu-conference/article21956808.ece|accessdate=2019-08-22}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVadlamudi2017">Vadlamudi, Swathi (19 December 2017). [https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/curtains-down-on-world-telugu-conference/article21956808.ece "Curtains down on World Telugu Conference"]. ''The Hindu''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X 0971-751X]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> |- |Nzukọ nke Isii nke Ụwa Telugu |Rajamahendravaram |India |2024 | |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/world-telugu-conference-then-and-now/article4167022.ece World Telugu Conference: N'oge ahụ na ugbu a] * [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dubai-to-host-telugu-conference/article3160573.ece] o3hpqskcmxhjzjl1uzexbsh9quev0lu 0 75040 728311 631326 2026-09-26T20:23:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ramatou Baba Moussa''' (nwụrụ na 18 Ọktoba 2025) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Benin. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Abalo|first=Ulrich|date=19 October 2025|title=Décès de l’ancienne députée et ministre Ramatou Baba Moussa|url=https://fraternitefm.bj/?Deces-de-l-ancienne-deputee-et-ministre-Ramatou-Baba-Moussa|work=Fraternité|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref> Moussa jere ozi na omeiwu mbụ nke Ụlọ Omeiwu Mba ma bụrụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ n'ime ndị nnọchite anya 64 ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ganhouégnon|first=Hervé|date=8 May 2019|title=La gent feminine dans un marche de dupe|url=https://www.beninplus.com/femmes/la-gent-feminine-dans-un-marche-de-dupe-1|work=BeninPlus|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=21 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223065553/https://www.beninplus.com/femmes/la-gent-feminine-dans-un-marche-de-dupe-1|archive-date=23 December 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nagnonhou|first=Thibaud C.|date=19 August 2020|title=De 1960 à 2020: 16 législatures pour diverses fortunes|url=https://lanation.bj/de-1960-a-2020-16-legislatures-pour-diverses-fortunes/|work=[[La Nation (Benin)|La Benin]]|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref> Na 26 Mee 1998, Onyeisiala Mathieu Kérékou họpụtara ya dịka Minista Nchedo Ọha na Ọdịmma Ụmụnwaanyị. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kouamouo|first=Theophile|date=17 April 2001|title=Où sont passés les enfants-esclaves qui errent dans le golfe du Bénin ?|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2001/04/17/ou-sont-passes-les-enfants-esclaves-qui-errent-dans-le-golfe-du-benin_4171375_1819218.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hospice.chez.com/polcont.html|title=Les Membres du Gouvernement Actuel|work=chez.com|language=French}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nọ na kabinet ya. <ref>{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=26 May 1998|title=BENIN-POLITIQUE: Status quo sur la Promotion des Femmes Dans les Institutions de l'Etat.|url=https://ipsnews.net/francais/1998/05/26/benin-politique-statu-quo-sur-la-promotion-des-femmes-dans-les-institutions-de-letat/|work=[[Inter Press Service]]|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/4/x3803f/x3803f25.htm|title=Liste des Orateurs|work=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|language=French}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=17 April 2001|title=Le navire des « enfants esclaves » repéré|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/le-navire-des-enfants-esclaves-repere-17-04-2001-2002106420.php|work=[[Le Parisien]]|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref> Moussa nwụrụ na 18 Ọktoba 2025. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mensah|first=Marc|date=19 October 2025|title=Décès d’une ancienne députée et ex ministre|url=https://www.24haubenin.info/?Deces-d-une-ancienne-deputee-et-ex-ministre|work=24 Heures au Bénin|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref> == Edensibia == 667i06g52dyxxw089urr5i23wseifrm 0 75316 728458 673712 2026-09-27T10:27:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Vincent Enyeama - Hapoel Tel-Aviv.JPG|thumb|Vincent Enyeama]]  '''Vincent Enyeama''' MON ({{Audio|Ig-Vincent Enyeama.ogg|pronunciation}}; amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1982) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'oge niile. N'ime ọrụ ya, nke ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 20, Enyeama gbara egwu maka Ibom Stars, Enyimba, Iwuanyanwu Nationale, Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Lille na Maccabi Tel Aviv. Ọ bụkwa onye otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria site na 2002 ruo Ọktoba 2015, na-eje ozi dịka onyeisi ha site na Nọvemba 2013 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụwa n'afọ 2015. N'ịbụ onye ọ gbara bọọlụ 101, ọ bụ onye kacha agba bọọlụ na Naịjirịa ruo Nọvemba 2021 mgbe Ahmed Musa karịrị ya. == Ọrụ klọb == === Enyimba === N'oge ọ nọ na [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]], ọ meriri CAF Champions League ugboro abụọ, na otu ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama: A na-anọchi ya mgbe niile tupu ọgụ penalty. "Amaghị m ihe mere e ji dochie m tupu ntaramahụhụ, mana ọ rụrụ ọrụ, "ka o kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ n'afọ 2006. "N'Izrel, m kwụsịrị ọtụtụ ntaramahụhụ ma ugbu a onye ọ bụla maara na m nwere ike ijikwa ntaramahụjụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afrofootball - Nigeria - Vincent Enyeama|url=http://www.afrofootball.com/countrypage/nigeria-vincent-enyeama.html?p=7|work=www.afrofootball.com|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=18 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418065153/http://www.afrofootball.com/countrypage/nigeria-vincent-enyeama.html?p=7}}</ref> === Bnei Yehuda === Ka ya na Enyimba International gachara oge atọ na otu ya na Iwuanyanwu Nationale (nke a na-akpọ Heartland ugbu a), Enyeama kwagara n'ụlọ ọgbakọ Israel Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv. N'ime oge mbụ ya, ndị otu ahụ ruru eru maka ikpeazụ nke Israel State Cup na, mgbe ha gụchara nke anọ na Njikọ Njikọ nke Israel, maka 2006 UEFA Cup. === Hapoel Tel Aviv === Enyeama bịanyere aka na Hapoel Tel Aviv na 2007. Hapoel tachiri obi n'oge ọjọọ na 2007/2008, mana Enyeama nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka izere relegation ma ruo na ngwụcha iko steeti. During the 2008–09 season, Enyeama became Hapoel's penalty kicker, won the "Player of The Year" award, and just missed out on leading Hapoel to the league title. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2018)">clarification needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Na 2009–10, Hapoel meriri otu egwuregwu na iko okpukpu abụọ, yana Enyeama gosipụtara nke ọma. O meriri otu goolu na iko ikpeazụ mana ọ tụfuru penariti na egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke afọ, nke Hapoel mechara jiri ihe mgbaru ọsọ nkeji iri itoolu na abụọ merie, wee weghara aha asọmpi ahụ. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2010, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2010-11 site na penalty megide Red Bull Salzburg na Champions League qualifiers. Enyeama gbara nke ọma na Champions League Group Stage, ọkachasị megide Lyon na Schalke 04. Hapoel merikwara iko Israel ọzọ. === Lille === Na June 2011, Enyeama kwagara n'akụkụ French Lille maka ego a na-akọwaghị na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. O mere nke mbụ ya na 18 Ọktoba 2011 megide Inter Milan na 2012 UEFA Champions League otu, ebe Inter nwere mmeri 1-0. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Enyeama kwetara na ya na Maccabi Tel Aviv ga-agbazinye ego otu afọ ma onye isi egwuregwu Maccabi bụ Jordi Cruyff gosiri ya ndị mgbasa ozi n'ụbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa Nọgọst n'afọ 2012. Ọ pụtara na egwuregwu iri abụọ na asaa nke Israel Premier League ma Maccabi gara n'ihu merie n'asọmpi ahụ. N'oge 2013-14 Ligue 1 oge, onye njikwa klọb René Girard họọrọ Enyeama dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ ya n'ihu Steeve Elana, onye bụbu onye na-elekọta goolu mbụ n'okpuru Rudi Garcia. Site n'enyemaka nke ndị na-agbachitere ya abụọ, Marko Baša na Simon Kjær, Enyeama debere mpempe akwụkwọ 11 dị ọcha n'usoro na egwuregwu Ligue 1 n'oge ọkara mbụ nke oge ahụ. N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2013, Enyeama mechara nye goolu mgbe ọ gbasịrị nkeji 1,062 nke egwuregwu Ligue 1 na egwuregwu na Bordeaux, n'oge ahụ Landry N'Guémo meriri ya na nkeji nke iri abụọ na asaa. N'ihi ya, ọ bịara n'ime nkeji 114 nke ịha nhata nke Gaëtan Huard's Ligue 1 goalkeeeping record, setịpụrụ na 1993, nke igwu egwu 1,176 nkeji n'enyeghị goolu. N'afọ 2017-18, Enyeama emeghị egwuregwu league ebe a hapụrụ ya n'ime ndị otu mbụ n'ihi "enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ na ndị njikwa klọb ahụ".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lille coach explains exactly why Vincent Enyeama has been axed|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/lille-coach-explains-exactly-why-enyeama-has-been-axed/6vnqnk3jqhqg17yi0dtxl8pae|accessdate=18 August 2018|work=Goal|date=24 April 2018}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere ndị otu mbụ na ọzụzụ tupu oge ezumike na July 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama drops hint on LOSC Lille future|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/nigeria/story/3561367/vincent-enyeama-drops-hint-on-losc-lille-future|accessdate=18 August 2018|work=Kwesé ESPN|date=10 July 2018}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya site na nkwekọrịta ha abụọ na 31 Ọgọst 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45374552|title=Vincent Enyeama: Lille release goalkeeper by mutual consent|date=31 August 2018|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=3 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803011413/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45374552}}</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2019 o kwuru na ọ chọsiri ike igwu egwu ọzọ, na Julaị afọ 2019 ọ gara ikpe na klọb Dijon nke France. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46836788|title=Vincent Enyeama: Nigeria keeper wants to play again|date=11 January 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=3 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803011428/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46836788}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49125718|title=Nigerian Vincent Enyeama aims to return after two years out|date=26 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=28 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728090856/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49125718}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na Dijon enyeghị ya nkwekọrịta, o gosipụtara ekele maka klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49180545|title=Vincent Enyeama: Former Nigeria goalkeeper 'grateful' for Dijon chance|date=31 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 August 2019|archivedate=1 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801083821/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49180545}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na na mbido oge 2019-20 Enyeama kwuru na ọ na-atụ anya ịchọta klọb ọhụrụ ma gaa n'ihu na-egwu egwu, o mechara laa ezumike nká mgbe njedebe nke mkpọsa ahụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/former-nigeria-goalkeeper-enyeama-reveals-retirement-plan/13n8w4urctimk17imvhcd3vrqu|title=Former Nigeria goalkeeper Enyeama reveals retirement plan after 20-year career|work=Goal|date=1 November 2019|accessdate=15 March 2021|archivedate=26 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726114946/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/former-nigeria-goalkeeper-enyeama-reveals-retirement-plan/13n8w4urctimk17imvhcd3vrqu}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == '''Naịjirịa''' Na 2006 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama kwụsịrị ịgba ụkwụ atọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ megide Tunisia mana ọ pụghị igbochi Ivory Coast ịla n'iyi na ọkara ikpeazụ. Na asọmpi nke afọ 2010, ọ bụ onye dike na-agba égbè nke Naijiria ọzọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ, na-azọpụta Thomas Nyrienda nke Zambia ma na-agbapụ mmeri n'onwe ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/8477701.stm|title=Zambia 0–0 Nigeria (Nigeria win 5–4 on penalties)|author=Dave Lee|date=25 January 2010|accessdate=26 January 2010}}</ref> Enyeama mere nke abụọ ya na FIFA World Cup na asọmpi 2010 na South Africa. A kpọrọ ya nwoke nke egwuregwu na egwuregwu mbụ nke Naijiria nke asọmpi ahụ, ngosipụta nnupụisi nke gbochiri Argentina mmeri 1-0. Enyeama, onye na-egwu egwuregwu mba ụwa nke 56 ya maka Super Eagles, mere ezigbo nchekwa isii megide ndị mmeri ụwa ugboro abụọ, anọ n'ime ha sitere na [[Lionel Messi]]. Onye nkuzi Argentina Diego Maradona toro ya dịka ihe mere Messi ji ghara ịgba goolu. Enyeama nwetakwara onye nke egwuregwu ahụ na egwuregwu ọzọ nke otu ahụ, mmeri 2-1 na Gris mana ọ bụ ụta maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmeri Vasilis Torosidis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_19/default.stm|title=Greece 2-1 Nigeria|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=12 June 2021|archivedate=17 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617033031/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_19/default.stm}}</ref> Na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama nọchitere anya onye isi oche Josef Yobo, onye nọrọ n'elu oche maka ọtụtụ n'ime asọmpi ahụ.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama|accessdate=21 June 2014|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=189300/profile-detail.html|publisher=[[FIFA]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629230838/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=189300/profile-detail.html|archive-date=29 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Enyeama duuru Naijiria gaa na mmeri nke atọ ya na kọntinent, na-edebe akwụkwọ dị ọcha na mmeri 1-0 nke Burkina Faso na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Final. A kpọrọ aha ya na otu nke asọmpi ahụ dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ, na-enyefe naanị goolu anọ na egwuregwu isii.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/32774/2013-africa-cup-of-nations-team-of-the-tournament|title=2013 Afcon Team of the Tournament|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=[[Kick Off (magazine)|Kick Off]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2014, a kpọrọ Enyeama aha na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka 2014 FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014}}</ref> N'egwuregwu mbụ nke Super Eagles, ọ nọgidere na-eme FIFA World Cup nke abụọ n'ọrụ ya ka Naịjirịa meriri Iran 0-0.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=22 June 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285113|title=Iran 0-0 Nigeria|date=16 June 2014}}</ref> O mechara dekọọ nke abụọ n'usoro na egwuregwu megide Bosnia na Herzegovina, mmeri 1-0 nke nyere Naịjirịa mmeri mbụ ya na asọmpi ahụ kemgbe Mbipụta 1998.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=22 June 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285235|title=Nigeria 1-0 Bosnia-Herce|date=22 June 2014}}</ref> O nyere goolu atọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke agba nke mbụ megide Argentina, egwuregwu nke mechiri na mmeri 3-2 maka Naịjirịa, na-etinye ha nke abụọ n'òtù ahụ ma si otú a mee ka ha ruo eru maka agba nke abụọ maka oge mbụ n'ime afọ 16.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria 2-3 Argentina|author=Saj Chowdhury|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=1 July 2014}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Enyeama meriri Naịjirịa nke 100 ya na mmeri 1-0 nke Uganda. Ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa na 8 Ọktoba 2015. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32070581|title=Uganda spoil Enyeama's 100th cap for Nigeria|date=26 March 2015|work=BBC|accessdate=13 February 2018}}</ref> == Profaịlụ onye ọkpụkpọ == === Ụdị egwuregwu === Onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye na-edebe goolu, a maara Enyeama karịsịa maka ezigbo mmeghachi omume ya na ikike ịgba égbè, nke mere ka o nwee ike ịmepụta ihe dị egwu, ma mee ka ọ dị irè na ikuku, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị ogologo maka onye na-eche goolu, na-eguzo na 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in). A makwaara ya maka ọsọ ya mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ na akara ya, nke mere ka ọ sie ike n'ọnọdụ otu onye. Otú ọ dị, ọ maghị nke ọma n'ịgwọ obe, nke mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta nyochaa njikwa ya na ikike ịchịkwa mpaghara ya. Na mgbakwunye na ikike ya idebe goolu, ọ pụtakwara maka àgwà idu ndú ya n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, yana ikike ya ịhazi nchekwa ya.<ref name="Adversity molded Enyeama">{{Cite web|title=Adversity molded Enyeama into leader|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37396019/adversity-molded-enyeama-leader|publisher=ESPN.com|accessdate=14 July 2025|language=en|date=16 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Profile: Vincent Enyeama|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/29851262|accessdate=14 July 2025|work=BBC Sport|date=10 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Doyle|first=Paul|title=Nigeria’s keeper Vincent Enyeama may need to lead from back against Bosnia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/jun/20/nigeria-keeper-vincent-enyeama-bosnia-rearguard-super-eagles-world-cup|accessdate=14 July 2025|work=The Guardian|date=20 June 2014}}</ref> === Ihe Nketa === A na-ewere Enyeama dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Africa n'oge niile <ref>{{Cite news|author=Rachini|first=Mouhamad|title=The 50: Top 10 African goalkeepers of all time.|url=https://btsgoalies.com/2020/04/19/top-10-african-goalkeepers/|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=Between the Sticks|date=19 April 2020}}</ref> na otu n'etiti ndị na-eche goolu kachasị mma n'oge ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Match of the Day Africa: Top 10 {{!}} Who is the greatest African goalkeeper?|url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/p0g8sgr3|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=BBC Audio|date=28 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Pitts|first=Johny|title=The Top Ten Black Goalkeepers of All Time – Afropean: your guide to the Afro European diaspora and beyond|url=https://afropean.com/the-top-ten-black-goalkeepers-of-all-time/|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=Afropean|date=2 July 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, IFFHS họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama ranked Africa's greatest goalkeeper|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/vincent-enyeama-ranked-africas-greatest-goalkeeper/|accessdate=27 June 2025|date=13 March 2023|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> A na-ewerekwa ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị mma na Ligue 1 n'oge ọ kachasị mma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dove|first=Ed|title=Power Ranking the Top 5 French Ligue 1 Goalkeepers|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1752642-power-ranking-the-top-5-french-ligue-1-goalkeepers|publisher=bleacherreport.com|accessdate=14 July 2025|language=en|date=3 June 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Enyeama is a [[Efefe Kraịst|Christian]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria v Ethiopia: We can win World Cup - Victor Enyeama|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/24980992|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=17 November 2013|accessdate=30 June 2014|archivedate=30 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630145514/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/24980992}}</ref> He is married and a father of three. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 2004, o nwere ihe mberede ụgbọ ala na [[Uyo]], Akwa Ibom State n'ebe ndịda Naịjirịa, ebe ndị njem ọgba tum tum abụọ nwụrụ. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọala nke Enyeama nọ na ya hapụrụ n'ọnọdụ dị egwu. N'agbanyeghị oke ihe mberede ahụ, Enyeama nwere mmerụ ahụ naanị mgbe ụgbọ ala ahụ wụpụrụ ugboro abụọ ka ọ na-agbagharị iji zere ọgba tum tum.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3755782.stm|title=Enyeama escapes fatal crash|date=19 October 2004|accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref> Nwa ya nwoke Godswill Enyeama bịanyere aka na Lille academy na 2024. Obe na-edebe goolu in), ọ tolitere na France ebe nna ya kwagara na 2011. Godswill bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ maka klọb amateur Croix nke dị n'Ógbè Lille ruo afọ asatọ tupu ọ banye na klọb ọkachamara mbụ nke nna ya.<ref>{{Cite news|language=fr|url=https://allezlille-stats.fr/formation-le-fils-de-vincent-enyeama-rejoint-le-centre-de-formation-du-losc|title=[FORMATION] Le fils de Vincent Enyeama rejoint le centre de formation du LOSC|date=25 July 2024|work=Allez Lille|accessdate=3 August 2024}}</ref><span ime="" span=""><nowiki>":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Fraction/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"height","href":"./Template:Height"},"params":{"m":{"wt":"1.94"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAQo" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> </nowiki></span> == Nsọpụrụ == '''Enyimba''' * Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2001, 2002, 2003 * CAF Champions League: 2003, 2004 * Israel Premier League: 2009-102009–10 * Iko Mba Israel: 2009-10, 2010-112010–11 '''Maccabi Tel-Aviv''' * Israel Premier League: 2012-132012–13 After making his debut for the [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria national team]] against Kenya in May 2002,<ref name="fifa"/> Enyeama was selected for the 2002 FIFA World Cup as a cover for Ike Shorunmu. He made his competitive debut in that tournament, keeping a clean sheet against England in the third group match. After the retirement of Shorunmu, he became the first-choice goalkeeper for the national team, helping the Super Eagles to third place finishes in the 2004, 2006, 2010 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, and captaining the team to victory of in the 2013 edition. He has also participated in the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, and the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.<ref name="fifa" /> * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013 '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye egwuregwu nke CAF Champions League nke Afọ: 2003, 2004 * Onye na-agba bọọlụ nke Afọ na Israel: 2009 * UNFP Player of the Month: October 2013, November 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tropheesunfp.com/palmares/|title=Palmarès|accessdate=12 June 2021|archivedate=25 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525171309/https://www.tropheesunfp.com/palmares/}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Marc-Vivien Foé: 2013-14<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|author=Kalfa|first=David|date=12 May 2014|title=Les dessous du Prix Marc-Vivien Foé 2014|language=French|publisher=Radio France Internationale|url=http://afriquefoot.rfi.fr/20140509-dessous-prix-marc-vivien-foe-2014-vincent-enyeama/|accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref> * Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2004, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web|title=AFCON 2004: CAF Team of the Tournament|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/fichiers/sports/Can2004/breve332.asp|accessdate=2021-03-15|work=www1.rfi.fr|archivedate=4 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304012604/http://www1.rfi.fr/fichiers/sports/Can2004/breve332.asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}</ref> * Goalkeeper nke afọ Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2013, 2014 * Eze nke pitch Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2014 * Goal Nigeria Player of the Year: 2014 * IFFHS CAF Men's Team of the Decade 2011-2020 <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 January 2021|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926|accessdate=31 January 2021|work=IFFHS|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612130142/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926}}</ref> * IFFHS 2023 Machị: Onye na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'oge niile. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Agberebi|first=James|date=2023-03-13|title=Enyeama Named Greatest African Goalkeeper Of All Time|url=https://www.completesports.com/enyeama-named-greatest-african-goalkeeper-of-all-time/|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Hụkwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> * Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nwere 100 ma ọ bụ karịa mba ụwa == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Vincent Enyeamana National-Football-Teams.com [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] makhce8go6868a0j0d80j3y54kh9l7a 0 75468 728282 675170 2026-09-26T18:41:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Osaze Odemwingie''' (amụrụ na 15 Julaị 1981) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu. Amụrụ na nke bụ Uzbekistan ugbu a, Odemwingie malitere ọrụ ya na Bendel Insurance na Premier League nke Nigeria. Ọ kwagara European football na ụlọ ọgbakọ Belgian La Louvière ebe o jiri oge atọ merie Belgian Cup tupu ọ kwaga n'akụkụ French Lille. Odemwingie nyere goolu iri abụọ na isii maka Lille mgbe ọ na-egwu asọmpi UEFA Champions League.[2] Lokomotiv Moscow bịanyere aka na ya maka £ 10 nde na July 2007. O mere ngosi 23 n'ime afọ atọ na ọkara maka Lokomotiv. Ọ sonyeere ụlọ ọgbakọ Bekee West Bromwich Albion n'August 2010. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 30 Premier League maka ndị Baggies, na-enweta ya onyinye Premier League Player nke ọnwa atọ. Nkwaga na-adaghị adaba na Queens Park Rangers hụrụ ya ka ọ daa na onye njikwa Steve Clarke wee resị ya Cardiff City na August 2013 maka £ 2.25 nde. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa isii na Cardiff tupu ya na Kenwyne Jones sonye na Stoke City na Jenụwarị 2014. Odemwingie mere nke mbụ ya maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide [[Kenya]] na Mee 2002 ma nọchite anya mba ahụ ihe karịrị ugboro 60, gụnyere na iko ụwa abụọ na Iko Mba Afrịka anọ, yana mmeri ọlaọcha na 2008 Olympics. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === A mụrụ Odemwingie na Tashkent na mbụ Soviet Union site na nna Nigeria (Peter Odemwingia Sr.) na nne Tatar Russia (Raisa), ha abụọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike.[1] Ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Nigeria mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ tupu ya agụchaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Russia. Mgbe ọ bi na Russia, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu ndị ntorobịa nke KAMAZ na CSKA Moscow. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, ọ laghachiri na Nigeria na mgbe ya na AS Racines Lagos dị mkpirikpi, ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara maka Bendel Insurance nke Nigeria Premier League, ebe ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na itoolu na egwuregwu iri ise na atọ site na 2000 ruo 2002. Ọ bụ Chief Emmanuel Ibru, onye isi oche AS Racines FC lebara ya anya. Ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ maka ọtụtụ klọb ime obodo na nke mba ụwa. === Louvière === Odemwingie nwere nnwale na-enweghị isi na Anderlecht tupu ọ bịanye aka na La Louvière na 2002 wee mee akara ya site n'inyere klọb ahụ aka imeri Belgian Cup na oge mbụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Odemwingie's big adventure|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/west-bromwich-albion-fc/2010/10/29/peter-odemwingies-big-adventure/|work=Express & Star|date=29 October 2010|accessdate=28 January 2014|archivedate=2 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202103809/http://www.expressandstar.com/sport/west-bromwich-albion-fc/2010/10/29/peter-odemwingies-big-adventure/}}</ref> Nke a mere ka La Louvière ruo eruo na UEFA Cup ebe ha gbara Benfica nke Portugal, Odemwingie gbara na 1-1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UEFA Cup: La Louviere holds Benfica to 1–1 draw|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-81725888.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611025926/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-81725888.html|archivedate=11 June 2014|accessdate=28 January 2014}}</ref> O nwere ikpe na Blackburn Rovers n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2004. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Blackburn eye Odemwingie|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/b/blackburn_rovers/3576568.stm|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=18 August 2004}}</ref> === Lille === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ itoolu n'ime ihe ngosi 44 dọtara mmasị nke Ligue 1 n'akụkụ Lille na n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ bụ onye na-emekarị na otu mbụ. N'ịbụ onye a maara maka ọstụ ọsọ ya na ọstụ ọsọ ya, ọtụtụ klọb ndị kacha elu na Europe na-enyocha onye Naijiria. Odemwingie gosipụtara ọchịchọ ya ịnọ na Lille ma nyere ha aka ịgba aka maka asọmpi egwuregwu n'oge na-esote, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ ise na oge 2006-07 na otu megide AC Milan na San Siro iji were Lille gaa na asọmpi UEFA Champions League knockout. [[Faịlụ:PeterOdemwingie.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Odemwingie na Lokomotiv Moscow na 2010]] === Lokomotiv Moscow === Na 16 Julaị 2007, ọ bịanyere aka na Lokomotiv Moscow maka ego a kọrọ na ọ bụ US $ 14 nde na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=La fiche de Peter Odemwingie|url=http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/odemwingie-peter|publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]|language=fr|accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6906654.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|title=Lokomotiv Moscow sign Odemwingie|date=19 July 2007|accessdate=25 May 2011}}</ref> N'ime oge atọ maka Lokomotiv, Odemwingie ghọrọ ike na-akpali mwakpo ahụ na otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu ha kachasị mkpa. N'oge ọ nọ na Lokomotiv Stadium, Odemwingie gbara goolu iri abụọ na otu na Russian Premier League site na egwuregwu iri asaa na ise.&nbsp; === West Bromwich Albion === ==== 2010–11 ==== Na 20 Ọgọst 2010, Odemwingie bịanyere aka na klọb Premier League West Bromwich Albion maka ego akọwapụtaghị na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ, yana nhọrọ nke afọ nke atọ na ikike klọb ahụ.[1] Otu ụbọchị ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ 81st Premier League nke oge ahụ, na 1–0 meriri Sunderland. N'oge na-adịghị anya ka ha bịanyere aka na West Bromwich Albion, foto pụtara nke ndị na-akwado Lokomotiv Moscow na-eme ememe mbata Odemwingie site n'itinye ọkọlọtọ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-achọ onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ. Otu ọkọlọtọ gụnyere onyonyo nke banana wee gụọ "Daalụ West Brom" Tupu egwuregwu West Brom megide Tottenham Hotspur na Septemba 2010, a mara ọkwa na ndị na-akwado West Brom ga-ewepụta ọkọlọtọ iji mee mkpesa megide egwu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọkọlọtọ na-agụ 'Daalụ Lokomotiv' na gosipụtara foto nke Odemwingie na-eme ememe mmeri mbụ ya megide Sunderland. Odemwingie gbatara West Brom ọzọ na mmeri 3–2 meriri Arsenal na Stadium Emirates na 25 Septemba 2010. Odemwingie gbara goolu nke abụọ ya maka West Brom ka ọ were ọnụọgụ Premier League ya dị iri, naanị abụọ n'azụ ndekọ Premier League Robert Earnshaw maka klọb ahụ. 9 Eprel hụrụ West Brom ka ọ na-aga Stadium of Light ka ọ kpọọ Sunderland. Odemwingie gara n'ihu n'ọdịmma ya wee nye goolu na nkeji iri abụọ na itoolu wee mee ya nke iri. Ndị otu ya mechara merie 3–2, jiri enyemaka atọ n'ụzọ dị egwu. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, o kwuru ọchịchọ ya ịnọgide na-egwu nke ọma maka West Brom site n'ịchọ ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ 15. Na 16 Eprel, Odemwingie bịarutere nso iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke onwe ya mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye kacha nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ West Brom n'otu oge Premier League na mgbaru ọsọ megide Chelsea, na-ewere ọnụọgụ ya na 12. N'ihi ihe ịga nke ọma ya na oge mbụ ya na England, a kọrọ na Odemwingie nwere ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ịgba egwu, gụnyere ndị Italian Giants Juventus, ma Odemwingie wepụrụ okwu banyere ịkwaga, na-ekwu na ọ nwere obi ụtọ na West Brom. Odemwingie gara n'ihu n'ụdị ya dị mma, gbatara nnukwu mbọ ụkwụ aka ekpe na nkeji ise megide Tottenham Hotspur. Nke a weghaara ọnụọgụ ya ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na atọ n'ime oge, ma nyekwa aka anọ na egwuregwu ise ikpeazụ ya. Na 30 Eprel, Odemwingie ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme Premier League nke West Brom nyere akara na egwuregwu anọ sochiri anya. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ bịara megide Aston Villa ma pụta na ọ gbagoro goolu iri na ise na oge mbụ ya. Ọ ga-enyekwara Odemwingie aka imeri ihe nrite Premier League nke abụọ nke ọnwa nke oge. Ndị otu ya chere Everton ihu na Hawthorns na 14 May, ya na Odemwingie na-enyere Youssuf Mulumbu aka ka ọ nweta naanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke egwuregwu ahụ. Nsonaazụ ahụ nyere West Brom isi 46, na-eme ka ohere ha nwere gụchaa dị ka klọb kacha elu na Premier League. Odemwingie kwụsịrị oge 2010–11 dị ka West Bromwich Albion onye kacha nweta goolu n'asọmpi iri na ise. ==== 2011–12 ==== N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, a mara ọkwa na Odemwingie bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ ọhụrụ na West Bromwich Albion, mgbe klọb ahụ jụrụ itinye ego £ 4,000,000 site na Wigan Athletic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/14560968|publisher=BBC Sport|title=Peter Odemwingie signs new three-year West Brom deal|date=18 August 2011|accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> Mgbe o nwesịrị mmerụ ahụ, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2011-12 na Norwich City, na-eme ka ọgba aghara dị n'etiti Richie De Laet na Declan Rudd. Goolu nke abụọ Odemwingie gbara n'oge ahụ na Black Country derby, ebe West Bromwich Albion meriri Wolverhampton Wanderers 2-0. Odemwingie gbara goolu dị egwu megide Blackburn Rovers na 17 Disemba, na-etinye West Brom n'ọkwa n'azụ oge mgbe James Morrison gbara goolu na-adọrọ mmasị na mbido ọkara. Nsonaazụ ahụ mere ka West Brom bụrụ nke iri na atọ na tebụl na-aga n'oge ekeresimesi ma nye Odemwingie goolu league nke atọ nke oge ahụ. Odemwingie meghere akara na nkeji nke iri abụọ nke egwuregwu Baggies na-esote na Newcastle United, mmeri 3-2, na Tuesday 21 December. Nsonaazụ ahụ gbatịkwuru ọsọ na-enweghị mmeri nke Newcastle na Premier League ruo egwuregwu 6, tinye West Brom ruo 10 ma mechie mmeri mbụ ha na Newcastle na league kemgbe 1977. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Odemwingie gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Premier League maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 5-1 megide onye iro Black Country Wolverhampton Wanderers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/feb/12/wolverhampton-wanderers-west-bromwich-albion-premier-league|work=The Guardian|first=Sachin|author=Nakrani|title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–5 West Bromwich Albion|date=12 February 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Febụwarị, ọ gbara goolu abụọ na mmeri 4-0 megide Sunderland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/17093509|title=West Brom 4-0 Sunderland|date=25 February 2012|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Egwuregwu ya n'ọnwa Febụwarị mere ka a kpọọ ya onye Egwuregwu Premier League nke ọnwa nke ugboro atọ n'ọrụ ya. ==== 2012–13 ==== [[Faịlụ:Peter_Odemwinge_sent_off_Fulham_v_WBA.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|260x260px|Odemwingie na-apụ n'ámá egwuregwu mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na Fulham]] Odemwingie bidoro oge Premier League ọhụrụ nke ọma, na-agbanwe penalty na mmeri 3-0 megide Liverpool na 18 Ọgọst 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1137265/'more-days-like-this'-coming-for-liverpool,-brendan-rodgers-says?cc=5901|title='More days like this' coming for Liverpool|publisher=ESPNFC|date=19 August 2012|accessdate=1 March 2022|archivedate=23 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823004551/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1137265/%27more-days-like-this%27-coming-for-liverpool%2C-brendan-rodgers-says?cc=5901}}</ref> N'oge egwuregwu West Brom na 15 Septemba megide Fulham, Odemwingie gbara ọsọ na Sascha Riether ma jiri kaadị uhie mee ya ntaramahụhụ; West Brom gara n'ihu merie egwuregwu ahụ 3-0, mmeri mbụ ha n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19528154|title=Dimitar Berbatov scored twice in a dream home debut as Fulham ended 10-man West Bromwich Albion's unbeaten start to the new Premier League season.|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 September 2012}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Odemwingie gbara bọọlụ megide Southampton, nke abụọ ya n'oge ahụ sitere na bọọlụ nke mere ka Maya Yoshida ghara ịgafe Paulo Gazzaniga na nke atọ ya bụ bọọlụ Shane Long.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie scored twice as West Bromwich Albion put further pressure on Premier League strugglers Southampton with victory at The Hawthorns|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20119935|work=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=7 November 2012}}</ref> Odemwingie meriri Chelsea na 17 Nọvemba, na-akwagharị West Brom na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ, mmeri nke isii ha site na egwuregwu asaa n'ụlọ iji malite oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20278397|title=Chelsea went a fourth league game without a win as they were beaten by the top flight's surprise package West Brom at The Hawthorns.|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 November 2012}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, Odemwingie gbara Aston Villa goolu iji mee ka ọ bụrụ 2-2 na nkeji nke 83 mgbe West Brom gbara goolu 2 na ọkara oge na egwuregwu na-adọrọ mmasị. Na 25 Jenụwarị 2013, West Brom kwupụtara na ha ajụla arịrịọ mbufe sitere na Odemwingie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21205367|title=Peter Odemwingie: West Brom reject transfer request from striker|publisher=BBC Sport|date=25 January 2013}}</ref> Odemwingie's future at West Bromwich Albion came under doubt when he launched a tirade against his club on Twitter, in addition to accusing them of "reaching into his pocket", reiterating his wish for a move elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/jan/28/peter-odemwingie-west-brom-qpr-bid|title=Peter Odemwingie furious as West Bromwich reject new £2m QPR bid|work=The Guardian|date=28 January 2013}}</ref> On 31 January 2013, he was seen on Sky Sports News during the final day of the transfer window parked outside of Loftus Road in an attempt to sign for Queens Park Rangers, but was refused entry as no offer was accepted for him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/qpr-forced-to-lock-peter-odemwingie-out-of-loftus-road-after-west-brom-refuse-to-give-striker-permission-to-speak-to-club-8476046.html|title=QPR forced to lock Peter Odemwingie out of Loftus Road after West Brom refuse to give striker permission to speak to club|work=The Independent|date=31 January 2013|first=Simon|author=Peach}}</ref> He was widely criticised for his actions, with Albion chairman Jeremy Peace saying he acted "unprofessionally", and that he was obligated to see out the rest of his contract.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie: West Brom critical over attempted QPR talks|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21285926|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 January 2014|date=February 2013}}</ref> Both QPR manager Harry Redknapp and representatives from West Brom stated in the aftermath that Redknapp had been in contact with West Brom to finalise a move and that Odemwingie had arrived at the stadium under the impression a deal had been reached for his sale, however, talks fell through and no agreement was reached. After initially being sent home from training on his return to West Brom, Odemwingie was later disciplined by the club for his actions on transfer deadline day and resumed training, while also publicly apologizing for his behaviour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/west-brom-discipline-striker-peter-odemwingie-for-trying-to-force-qpr-transfer-8487526.html|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/west-brom-discipline-striker-peter-odemwingie-for-trying-to-force-qpr-transfer-8487526.html|archivedate=26 May 2022|title=West Brom discipline striker Peter Odemwingie for trying to force QPR transfer|date=8 February 2013|work=The Independent|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie: West Brom striker told to miss training|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21293416|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 January 2014|date=February 2013}}</ref> He returned to the side against Sunderland on 23 February 2013 coming on as a substitute in the final few minutes and was jeered by some Albion supporters.<ref>{{Cite news|title=West Brom 2–1 Sunderland|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21482987|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 January 2014|date=23 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie: West Brom boss Steve Clarke backs striker|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21558828|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 January 2014|date=23 February 2013}}</ref> Steve Clarke continued to use Odemwingie as a substitute which caused him to again attack the club on Twitter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie criticises West Brom over lack of starts|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21822161|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 January 2014|date=17 March 2013}}</ref> At the end of the season Steve Clarke stated that he expected Odemwingie to leave West Brom in August 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Clarke keeps out of decision on Odemwingie future|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23714660|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 January 2014|date=15 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's Peter Odemwingie set to leave West Brom|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22508984|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 January 2014|date=13 May 2013}}</ref> Odemwingie's 30 Premier League goals for Albion make him the club's top scorer in the competition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/clubs/36/West-Bromwich-Albion/stats|title=West Bromwich Albion FC statistics|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=25 September 2020}}</ref> === Obodo Cardiff === [[Faịlụ:Peter_Odemwingie_Cardiff_1314.jpg|thumb|Odemwingie na-egwuri egwu maka Cardiff CityObodo Cardiff]] Na 2 Septemba 2013, Odemwingie bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Cardiff City maka £ 2.25 nde.<ref>{{Cite news|title=West Brom striker Peter Odemwingie signs for Cardiff City|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23931574|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=2 September 2013}}</ref> N'ikwu okwu mgbe ọ kwagara, Odemwingie kwuru na ọ na-achọsi ike ịmalite ọrụ ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23928809|title=Peter Odemwingie ready for fresh start at Cardiff City|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na 22 Septemba 2013 na mmeri 1-0 megide Tottenham Hotspur . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Cardiff 0–1 Tottenham|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24098608|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=22 September 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị na mmeri 3-2 megide West Ham United na League Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|title=West Ham 3–2 Cardiff|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24122208|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=24 September 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbakwara goolu na mmeri 2-1 megide Newcastle United na 5 Ọktoba 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cardiff 1–2 Newcastle|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24350213|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014}}</ref> Ya na onye njikwa Malky Mackay nwere mmekọrịta dị mma, onye kwuru na Odemwingie "bụ ọṅụ ịrụ ọrụ". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Cardiff City striker Peter Odemwingie praised by boss Malky Mackay|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25375195|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=14 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Striker Odemwingie hails Bluebirds boss Mackay|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24813314|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=5 November 2013}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, e ji Ole Gunnar Solskjær dochie Mackay na Jenụwarị 2014 ma Odemwingie adaghị n'anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie set for Stoke with Kenwyne Jones joining Cardiff|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25895688|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=25 January 2014}}</ref> === Obodo Stoke === Na 28 Jenụwarị 2014, Odemwingie sonyeere Stoke City na nkwekọrịta ọnwa 18 na Kenwyne Jones. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Stoke City: Peter Odemwingie-Kenwyne Jones switch confirmed|url=http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Stoke-City-Peter-Odemwingie-Kenwyne-Jones-switch/story-20512292-detail/story.html|work=Stoke Sentinel|accessdate=28 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221213705/http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Stoke-City-Peter-Odemwingie-Kenwyne-Jones-switch/story-20512292-detail/story.html|archivedate=21 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie joins Stoke as Kenwyne Jones signs for Cardiff|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25931648|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=28 January 2014|date=28 January 2014}}</ref> Odemwingie kọwara ọpụpụ ya na Stoke dị ka "nzọụkwụ n'ihu". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie says Stoke move is a step forward for him|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25950865|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 January 2014|date=29 January 2014}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya n'echi ya na mmeri 1-0 na Sunderland.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sunderland 1–0 Stoke|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25838328|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Stoke na 8 Febụwarị 2014 na 2-2 draw megide Southampton.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Southampton 2–2 Stoke|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25994880|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref> Odemwingie gbara na mmeri 3-1 megide West Ham United na 15 Machị 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Stoke 3–1 West Ham|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493311|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=15 March 2014}}</ref> O sochiri nke a site na goolu megide Aston Villa na Hull City.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aston Villa 1–4 Stoke|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26599250|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Stoke 1–0 Hull|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26694309|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie – Stoke City to be treated with caution|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26819728|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> O ji goolu ise mechie 2013-14 n'egwuregwu iri na ise maka ndị Potters nke mere ka o nwee ọnọdụ na ndị otu iri atọ nke Naịjirịa maka 2014 FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2014: Peter Odemwingie in provisional Nigeria squad|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27302995|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=15 May 2014}}</ref> Odemwingie nwere mmerụ ahụ n'ikpere na mmeri 1-0 na Manchester City na 30 Ọgọst 2014, na-eme ka ọ ghara ịga n'ihu maka ọtụtụ oge 2014-15.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Odemwingie left out of 25 man Premier League squad|url=http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Stoke-City-Peter-Odemwingie-left-25-man-Premier/story-22870957-detail/story.html?|work=Stoke Sentinel|accessdate=4 September 2014|archivedate=5 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905025220/http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Stoke-City-Peter-Odemwingie-left-25-man-Premier/story-22870957-detail/story.html}}</ref> Odemwingie laghachiri ọzụzụ zuru oke n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter's Comeback Milestone|url=http://www.stokecityfc.com/news/article/peters-comeback-milestone-2403920.aspx?|work=Stoke City|accessdate=15 April 2015}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri site na mmerụ ahụ na 25 Eprel 2015 na 1-1 draw na Sunderland.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Stoke 1–1 Sunderland|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32363041|accessdate=25 April 2015}}</ref> Odemwingie mere naanị ugboro asatọ na mmerụ ahụ mere na 2014-15 ka Stoke mechiri ọzọ na ọnọdụ nke itoolu. Na 2 Julaị 2015 Odemwingie bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ otu afọ na Stoke City.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Deal For Peter|url=http://www.stokecityfc.com/news/article/peter-odemwingie-new-contract-2521950.aspx|work=Stoke City|accessdate=2 July 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gbasiri mbọ ike maka oge ịgba bọọlụ na Stoke na 2015-16, Odemwingie sonyeere otu egwuregwu Bristol City na mgbazinye na Machị 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|title=City loan in Stoke's Odemwingie|url=http://www.bcfc.co.uk/news/article/city-loan-in-stokes-odemwingie-3001432.aspx|work=Bristol City|accessdate=11 March 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ ugboro asaa maka Robins na-agba bọọlụ abụọ megide Bolton Wanderers na Rotherham United.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bristol City 6–0 Bolton|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35791345|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Bristol City 1–1 Rotherham|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35914373|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref> Stoke tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2015-16. <ref name="Retained list">{{Cite web|title=Potters Announce Retained List|url=http://www.stokecityfc.com/news/article/potters-announce-retained-list-3140549.aspx?|work=Stoke City|accessdate=10 June 2016}}</ref> Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na Stoke, Odemwingie nwere ikpe na Hull City na July 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hull City hand Peter Odemwingie Premier League lifeline|url=http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/hull-city-hand-peter-odemwingie-premier-league-lifeline/story-29525511-detail/story.html|work=Hull Daily Mail|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref> === Rotherham United === Na 24 Ọktoba 2016, Odemwingie bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge ruo 25 Jenụwarị 2017 na Rotherham United, na-aghọ onye mbụ Kenny Jackett bịanyere aha na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themillers.co.uk/news/article/2016-17/rotherham-united-peter-odemwingie-3382115.aspx|title=Millers land Odemwingie|publisher=Rotherham United F.C.|date=24 October 2016|accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Odemwingie mere nke mbụ ya maka Rotherham, na-abịa dị ka onye nnọchi anya, na-anọchi Jon Taylor na nkeji nke iri asatọ, na 2-2 draw megide Ipswich Town. E nyere Odemwingie kaadị uhie kwụ ọtọ maka mmeri aka n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ Kenny Jackett dị ka onye njikwa Rotherham na 26 Nọvemba na mmeri 2-1 megide Leeds United.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/21380/rotherham-united-leeds-beat-10-man-millers|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223201725/https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/21380/rotherham-united-leeds-beat-10-man-millers|archivedate=23 December 2016|title=Rotherham 1 Leeds 2|date=26 November 2016|work=Leeds United|accessdate=26 November 2016}}</ref> Odemwingie hapụrụ Rotherham United na njedebe nke nkwekọrịta nwa oge ya, na-agwa onye njikwa ya site na ozi ederede na ọ gaghị anọ na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/sport/football/rotherham-united/rotherham-united-warne-defends-odemwingie-as-attacker-leaves-millers-1-8335275|title=Rotherham United: Warne defends Odemwingie as attacker leaves Millers|publisher=Johnston Publishing Ltd|date=15 January 2017|accessdate=1 February 2017}}</ref> === Ndị tozuru etozu === N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, Odemwingie sonyeere Madura United nke Liga 1 nke Indonesia dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Odemwingie: Ex-Nigeria striker signs for Indonesian test|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39489577|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ na bọọlụ mbụ ya, na-eme nke ọma na mmeri 2-0 megide Bali United na 16 Eprel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Odemwingie scores on Madura United debut|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4110/nigerians-abroad/2017/04/16/34656062/peter-odemwingie-scores-on-madura-united-debut|work=Goal|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> O mepụtara hat-trick mbụ ya megide Semen Padang na 12 Eprel 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Odemwingie created hat-trick after coming back from minor injuries|url=https://sport.detik.com/sepakbola/liga-indonesia/d-3528501/odemwingie-hat-trick-madura-united-gasak-semen-padang-6-0|work=detik|accessdate=13 June 2017}}</ref> Odemwingie kwupụtara ezumike nká ya na 3 Eprel 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Odemwingie retires at Wembley|url=https://www.skysports.com/watch/video/sports/football/teams/stoke-city/11683295/odemwingie-on-emotional-retirement|work=Sky Sports|accessdate=3 April 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Odemwingie họọrọ ịnọchite anya Naijiria ebe a mụrụ nna ya. Egwuregwu mbụ ya bịara dị ka onye nọchiri ya na mmeri 3-0 megide Kenya na 4 Mee 2002. Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'egwuregwu asọmpi iko mba nke afọ 2004 megide Angola. Na ngwụcha, ọ gbara na nkeji nke 80 na nke 82 nke mmeri 4-0 na South Africa, yana ịgba na nkeji nke 52 nke egwuregwu nke atọ iji mee ka [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] 2-0 n'elu na mmeri 2-1 na Mali. Na 2006 Africa Cup of Nations, ọ gbara na ọkara ikpeazụ ka Super Eagles meriri Ivory Coast 1-0.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/4683452.stm|title=Ivory Coast 1–0 Nigeria|publisher=BBC Sport|date=7 February 2006|first=Farayi|author=Mungazi}}</ref> A gụnyekwara ya ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka Naịjirịa na 2008 Africa Cup of Nations . N'afọ 2008, a họpụtara Odemwingie dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ karịrị afọ iri na ụma maka ndị otu Super Eagles 'Olimpik, na-agba goolu na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ megide Ivory Coast ka ndị otu ahụ nwetara ihe nrite ọlaọcha <ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=214228/profile-detail.html|title=Peter ODEMWINGIE|accessdate=22 June 2014|work=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628145804/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=214228/profile-detail.html|archive-date=28 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> mgbe ha meriri ndị mmeri Argentina na ngwụcha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=253333&cc=5901|title=Nigeria 0–1 Argentina: Messi inspires golden moment|publisher=ESPNFC|date=22 August 2008|accessdate=20 December 2012|archivedate=3 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803072447/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=253333&cc=5901}}</ref> Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị otu maka 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/815/african-nations-cup/2010/01/04/1724130/african-cup-of-nations-team-profile-nigeria|title=African Cup of Nations Team Profile: Nigeria|publisher=Goal.com|date=4 January 2010}}</ref> na mgbe Naịjirịa si na asọmpi ahụ pụta na ọkara ikpeazụ, Odemwingie katọrọ usoro onye nkuzi Shaibu Amodu, na-ata ha ụta maka mmeri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8485666.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|title=Africa Cup of Nations as it happened|date=28 January 2010|accessdate=25 May 2011}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dị ka akụkụ nke Best XI nke asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201002020558.html|title=Africa: Osaze Makes Nations Cup Best 11|publisher=allAfrica|date=31 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theoriginalwinger.com/2010-02-02-caf-names-2010-africa-cup-of-nations-best-xi|title=CAF Names 2010 Africa Cup of Nations Best XI|publisher=TOW|accessdate=20 December 2012|archivedate=7 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207162026/http://theoriginalwinger.com/2010-02-02-caf-names-2010-africa-cup-of-nations-best-xi}}</ref> A họpụtara Odemwingie maka ndị otu Naijiria maka 2010 FIFA World Cup, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/team/squad?id=657&cc=5901&ver=us|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130124161103/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/team/squad?id=657&cc=5901&ver=us|archivedate=24 January 2013|title=Nigeria|publisher=ESPNFC|accessdate=20 December 2012}}</ref> na-apụta megide Argentina na Gris na Super Eagles. <ref name="wing">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=214228/|title=Peter ODEMWINGIE|accessdate=22 June 2014|work=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627203852/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=214228/|archive-date=27 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe e wepụrụ ndị otu ahụ, Odemwingie, onye e wepụrụ n'òtù ahụ maka egwuregwu ikpeazụ megide South Korea, katọrọ onye nkuzi Lars Lagerbäck n'ihu ọha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espn.go.com/soccer/story?storyId=800750|title=Odemwingie criticises Lagerback|date=23 June 2010|accessdate=22 June 2014|work=ESPN}}</ref> Odemwingie tinyere aka na esemokwu ya na onye nkuzi Naịjirịa bụ Stephen Keshi mgbe a hapụrụ ya na ndị otu maka 2013 Africa Cup of Nations <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20825141|title=Nigeria coach leaves Odemwingie out of Nations Cup squad|work=BBC Sport|date=22 December 2012}}</ref> mana a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị agha 30 nke Naịjiria maka 2014 FIFA World Cup na 12 Mee 2014, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nọchitere anya ndị otu ahụ ruo ihe karịrị otu afọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/may/13/nigeria-world-cup-squad-odemwingie-amoebi-aluko|title=Nigeria World Cup squad: Peter Odemwingie returns from exile|date=12 May 2014|accessdate=14 May 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2014, o mere ka ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=BBC}}</ref> Mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye nnọchi anya na egwuregwu mmeghe nke otu ahụ megide Iran, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285113|title=Iran 0–0 Nigeria|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=22 June 2014|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> a kpọrọ aha ya na usoro mbido maka egwuregwu nke abụọ megide Bosnia na Herzegovina na 21 June. N'ịgba naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ, Odemwingie nyere Super Eagles mmeri mbụ ha na FIFA World Cup kemgbe Mbipụta 1998. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285235|title=Nigeria 1–0 Bosnia-Herce|date=22 June 2014|accessdate=22 June 2014|work=BBC}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == O sitere na Benin City, a mụrụ Odemwingie na nna Naijiria na nne Tatar. Aha etiti ya, Osaze, n'asụsụ Edo pụtara "Chineke na-ahọrọ (maka gị) ". Odemwingie lụrụ onye ọ chọrọ ịlụ, Sarah Fallon, na 26 Mee 2012 na chọọchị dị na Northampton mgbe afọ abụọ nke mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/05/27/3130989/peter-odemwingie-says-marrying-sarah-fallon-is-the-best-contract-|title=Peter Odemwingie says marrying Sarah Fallon is the best contract he's ever signed|publisher=Goal.com|date=27 May 2012}}</ref> Kemgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ ọkachamara, Odemwingie eruola dịka onye na-egwu golf PGA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.golfmonthly.com/news/former-premier-league-footballer-qualifies-as-pga-professional|title=Former Premier League Footballer Qualifies As PGA Professional|author=Leighfield|first=Jonny|work=Golf Monthly|date=25 June 2024}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Odemwingie|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=31579|publisher=Soccerbase|accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Osaze Odemwingie|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/29362/peter-osaze-odemwingie?cc=5739|publisher=[[ESPNsoccernet]]|accessdate=25 May 2011|archivedate=25 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025211951/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/29362/peter-osaze-odemwingie?cc=5739}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/peter-odemwingie/2074/|title=P. ODEMWINGIE|work=Soccerway|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="4" |Bendel Insurance |2000 |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |18 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |3 |- |2001 |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |17 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |7 |- |2002 |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |18 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !53 !19 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !53 !19 |- | rowspan="4" |Louvière |2002–03 |Ngalaba Mbụ nke Belgium |14 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |14 |2 |- |2003–04 |Ngalaba Mbụ nke Belgium |27 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |2 |1 |29 |6 |- |2004–05 |Ngalaba Mbụ nke Belgium |3 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |3 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !44 !9 !0 !0 !0 !0 !2 !1 !46 !10 |- | rowspan="4" |Lille |2004–05 |Njikọ 1 |20 |4 |0 |0 |2 |0 |4 |0 |26 |4 |- |2005–06 |Njikọ 1 |26 |14 |0 |0 |0 |0 |8 |1 |34 |15 |- |2006–07 |Njikọ 1 |29 |5 |2 |0 |0 |0 |9 |2 |40 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !75 !23 !2 !0 !2 !0 !21 !3 !100 !26 |- | rowspan="5" |Lokomotiv Moscow |2007 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |14 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |5 |2 |19 |6 |- |2008 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |26 |10 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |26 |10 |- |2009 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |25 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |25 |7 |- |2010 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |10 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !75 !21 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !5 !2 !80 !23 |- | rowspan="4" |West Bromwich Albion |2010–11 |Njikọ Premier |32 |15 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |32 |15 |- |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier |30 |10 |1 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |32 |11 |- |2012–13 |Njikọ Premier |25 |5 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |26 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !87 !30 !2 !1 !1 !0 !0 !0 !90 !31 |- |Obodo Cardiff |2013–14 |Njikọ Premier |15 |1 |0 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |16 |2 |- | rowspan="4" |Obodo Stoke |2013–14<ref name="2013/2014" /> |Njikọ Premier |15 |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |15 |5 |- |2014–15 |Njikọ Premier |7 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- |2015–16 |Njikọ Premier |5 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !27 !5 !1 !0 !3 !0 !0 !0 !31 !5 |- |Bristol City (onye a gbazitere) |2015–16<ref name="2015/2016" /> |Mmeri |7 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |7 |2 |- |Rotherham United |2016–17<ref name="2016/2017">{{Cite web|title=Games played by Peter Odemwingie in 2016/2017|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=31579&season_id=149|work=Soccerbase|accessdate=25 January 2014}}</ref> |Mmeri |7 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |7 |0 |- |Ndị tozuru etozu |2017 |Njikọ 1 |23 |15 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |15 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !413 !125 !5 !1 !7 !1 !28 !6 !453 !133 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  === Mba Nile === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="13" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2002 |1 |0 |- |2003 |1 |1 |- |2004 |8 |3 |- |2005 |3 |1 |- |2006 |3 |0 |- |2007 |8 |0 |- |2008 |10 |1 |- |2009 |9 |1 |- |2010 |11 |3 |- |2011 |3 |0 |- |2012 |1 |0 |- |2013 |0 |0 |- |2014 |7 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !65 !11 |} : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Odemwingie ọ bụla gasịrị.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Peter Odemwingie gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |21 June 2003 |Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium, Benin City, Nigeria | Angola | style="text-align:center" |2–2 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |2004 African Cup of Nations iru eru |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Angola|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/4751/Nigeria_Angola.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |2 | rowspan="2" |31 April 2004 | rowspan="2" |Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium, Monastir, Tunisia | rowspan="2" | South Africa | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2004 | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. South Africa|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/16552/Nigeria_South_Africa.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |4 |13 February 2004 |Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium, Monastir, Tunisia | Mali | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke afọ 2004 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Mali|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/16562/Nigeria_Mali.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |8 October 2005 |Moshood Abiola National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria | Zimbabwe | style="text-align:center" |5–1 | style="text-align:center" |5–1 |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Zimbabwe|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/357/Nigeria_Zimbabwe.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |11 October 2008 |Moshood Abiola National Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | Sierra Leone | style="text-align:center" |3–1 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Sierra Leone|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/2302/Nigeria_Sierra_Leone.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |7 |6 September 2009 |Moshood Abiola National Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | Tunisia | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigieria vs. Tunisia|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/2411/Nigeria_Tunisia.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |8 | rowspan="2" |20 January 2010 | rowspan="2" |National Stadium da Tundavala, Lubango, Angola | rowspan="2" | Mozambique | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2010 | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Mozambique|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/10756/Nigeria_Mozambique.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |9 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |10 |11 August 2010 |[[Suwon]]_World_Cup_Stadium" id="mwBXU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Suwon World Cup Stadium">Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon, South Korea | South Korea | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |1–2 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Korea vs. Nigeria|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/10740/South_Korea_Nigeria.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=23 July 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |11 |21 June 2014 |Arena Pantanal, Cuiabá, Brazil | Bosnia and Herzegovina | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–0 |2014 FIFA World Cup |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Bosnia & Herzegovina|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/9705/Nigeria_Bosnia_Herzegovina.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=23 July 2024}}</ref> |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Louvière''' * Iko Belgium: 2002-03<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vi.nl/nieuws/la-louvire-wint-beker-van-belgi|title=La Louvière wint Beker van België|publisher=vi.nl|date=1 June 2003|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> '''Naịjirịa''' * Ihe nrite ọlaọcha nke Summer Olympics: 2008<ref>{{Cite web|title=Olympic Football Tournaments Beijing 2008: Nigeria - Argentina|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/mensolympic/beijing2008/match-center/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/mensolympic/beijing2008/match-center/300051812|accessdate=13 August 2022|work=FIFA|language=en}}</ref> * Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2004,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/04a.html|title=African Nations Cup 2004|work=www.rsssf.org}}</ref> 2006,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Adewoye|first=Gbenga|date=5 April 2019|title=Peter Odemwingie admits 'Nations Cup' regret as he retires|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/peter-odemwingie-admits-nations-cup-regret-as-he-retires/g6up3hc2j07f1oj55o83pv0nq|accessdate=13 August 2022|work=Goal}}</ref> 2010<ref name=":0" /> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Africa Cup of Nations Best XI: 2010<ref>{{Cite news|title=CAF Releases top 11 of Orange CAN|url=http://www.cafonline.com/competition/african-cup-of-nations-angola_2010/news/4614-caf-releases-top-11-of-orange-can.html|work=cafonline.com|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=31 January 2010|accessdate=1 February 2010}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu nke ọnwa Premier League: Septemba 2010, Eprel 2011, Febụwarị 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/4204/Peter-Odemwingie/overview|title=Peter Odemwingie: Overview|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=28 September 2018}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gcuxkwdkcodrkmfdy160jn8ifb781w5 3 75545 728469 725711 2026-09-27T11:56:40Z MediaWiki message delivery 4554 /* Tech News: 2026-39 */ nkeji ohúrù 728469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Ginikanwachimamkpa|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 00:02, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)}} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:49, 27 Julaị 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:46, 3 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 24 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 31 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:44, 7 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:31, 14 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:56, 27 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> tqu2ec3ylnnc02zotqnlghrwyyhw7q5 0 75973 728402 638899 2026-09-27T04:49:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleiman Danladi'''<ref name="target24" /> (born 3 December 2000) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for KS Pogradeci in the Kategoria E dyte, the third division of Albanian football.<ref name="gng24" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ibeh|first=Ifeanyi|date=9 April 2024|title=Suleiman Danladi inspires KF Pogradeci's charge towards league promotion|url=https://guardian.ng/suleiman-danladi-inspires-kf-pogradecis-charge-towards-league-promotion/|accessdate=14 July 2024|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SULEIMAN DANLADI Informations|url=http://www.ktff.org/InfoBank/PlayerDetails/19474|accessdate=4 May 2024|work=www.ktff.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504222300/http://www.ktff.org/InfoBank/PlayerDetails/19474|archive-date=4 May 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Danladi malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya na Remo Soccer Academy, otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ndị ntorobịa dị na Lagos, Naịjirịa. O mechara nọrọ obere oge na Niger Tornadoes na Nigerian Professional Football League (NPFL) tupu ọ kwaga Yuropu na Septemba 2023..<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian midfielder Suleiman Danladi targets promotion with Albanian club|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/689454-nigerian-midfielder-suleiman-danladi-targets-promotion-with-albanian-club.html?tztc=1|accessdate=31 July 2025|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Ihe ndị dị mkpa n'ọrụ ya == Ihe ndị dị ịrịba ama n'ọrụ Danladi gụnyere arụmọrụ ya na KS Pogradeci, ebe ọ gosipụtara na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ egwuregwu league niile maka klọb ahụ. Enyemaka ya ama ama na mbọ ndị otu ahụ na-achọ nkwalite na Kategoria E Dyte . <ref name="target24">{{Cite news|author=Eludini|first=Tunde|date=26 April 2024|title=Nigerian midfielder Suleiman Danladi targets promotion with Albanian club|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/689454-nigerian-midfielder-suleiman-danladi-targets-promotion-with-albanian-club.html|accessdate=4 May 2024|work=[[Premium Times]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEludini2024">Eludini, Tunde (26 April 2024). [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/689454-nigerian-midfielder-suleiman-danladi-targets-promotion-with-albanian-club.html "Nigerian midfielder Suleiman Danladi targets promotion with Albanian club"]. ''[[Premium Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="gng24">{{Cite news|author=Ibeh|first=Ifeanyi|date=26 April 2024|title=Suleiman Danladi leads Pogradeci into crucial promotion clash in Albanian league|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/suleiman-danladi-leads-pogradeci-into-crucial-promotion-clash-in-albanian-league/|accessdate=4 May 2024|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIbeh2024">Ibeh, Ifeanyi (26 April 2024). [https://guardian.ng/sport/suleiman-danladi-leads-pogradeci-into-crucial-promotion-clash-in-albanian-league/ "Suleiman Danladi leads Pogradeci into crucial promotion clash in Albanian league"]. ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ei33m6q75cnm7t93930xa8ytuqojfj6 0 77272 728225 723036 2026-09-26T14:19:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Virunga 01.jpg|thumb|Virunga]]  <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ogige Ntụrụndụ Virunga nke Mba''' ([[Asụsụ French|French]]: '''''Parc national des Virunga''''', na ndebiri aha '''PNVi''')<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010|title=Parcs et réserves de la République Démocratique du Congo: Evaluation de l'efficacité de la gestion des aires protégées|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2010-100.pdf|accessdate=21 March 2026|work=Portals.iucn.org|publisher=[[Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature]]|pages=6|language=fr}}</ref> bụ ogige mba dị na ndagwurugwu Albertine Rift dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Republic of Congo Democratic Republic. E kere ya n'afọ 1925. N'elu ugwu, ọ dị site na mita 680 (ụkwụ 2,230) na ndagwurugwu Osimiri Semliki ruo mita 5,109 (ụkwụ 16,762) n'Ugwu Rwenzori. Site n'ebe ugwu ruo ndịda, ọ na-agbasa ihe dị ka kilomita 300 (mile 190), nke kachasị n'ókèala mba ụwa yana Uganda na Rwanda n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ.<ref name="Crawford2008"/> Ọ na-ekpuchi ebe dị kilomita 7,800 (sq mi 3,000).<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Virunga National Park: Facts, History & Conservation|url=https://virunga.org/about/#:~:text=Virunga%20National%20Park%20is%20a,known%20as%20the%20%E2%80%9CVirunga%20Alliance%E2%80%9D.|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=Virunga National Park|language=en-US}}</ref> Osimiri Puemba dị n'ebe ugwu, n'ebe ndịda, Agwaetiti Tchegera dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu dị n'akụkụ ya.<ref name=":1"/> Ugwu mgbawa abụọ na-arụ ọrụ, Ugwu Nyiragongo na Nyamuragira, dị n'ogige ahụ.<ref name="Tedesco2002">{{Cite journal|author=Tedesco, D.|year=2002|title=1995 Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira activity in the Virunga National Park: A volcanic crisis|journal=Acta Vulcanologica|volume=14|issue=1/2|pages=149–155}}</ref> Ha emeela ka ebe obibi dị iche iche na anụ ọhịa dị n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ dị nnọọ mma. E dekọrọ ihe karịrị puku atọ (3,000) nke ụdị osisi okooko osisi, nke ihe karịrị narị atọ (300) bụ nke jupụtara na Albertine Rift, gụnyere eastern gorilla (''Gorilla beringei'') na golden monkey (''Cercopithecus kandti'').<ref name="Plumptre_al2007">{{Cite journal|author=Plumptre, A. J.|year=2007|title=The biodiversity of the Albertine Rift|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_2007-01_134_2/page/178|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=134|issue=2|pages=178–194|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2006.08.021}}</ref> Na 1979, e depụtara ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ dị ka Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa nke UNESCO n'ihi ọtụtụ ebe obibi dị iche iche, ụdịdị dị iche iche dị iche iche na ihe ndị na-ewu ewu na nchekwa ya nke ebe obibi gorilla ugwu dị ụkọ.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/63|title=Virunga National Park|work=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization}}</ref> Edepụtala ya n'ime Ndepụta Ihe Nketa Ụwa n'Ihe Ize Ndụ kemgbe 1994 n'ihi ọgba aghara obodo na mmụba nke ọnụọgụ mmadụ na mpaghara ahụ.<ref name="Debonnet2004">{{Cite journal|author=Debonnet, G.|year=2004|title=Supporting protected areas in a time of political turmoil: the case of World Heritage Sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Parks|volume=14|issue=1|pages=9–16}}</ref> E nweela ọtụtụ mwakpo dị egwu n'ogige ahụ site n'aka ndị otu nnupụisi, e gbukwara ọtụtụ ndị na-elekọta ogige ahụ.<ref name="NGN2018">{{Cite news|author=Actman, J.|title=Virunga National Park Sees Its Worst Violence in a Decade, Director Says|date=2018|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/06/wildlife-watch-virunga-rangers-deaths-poaching-militia-gorillas/|work=National Geographic News|accessdate=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518144231/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/06/wildlife-watch-virunga-rangers-deaths-poaching-militia-gorillas/|archive-date=18 May 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020|title=Twelve rangers killed in latest Virunga Park incident|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2020/04/twelve-rangers-killed-in-latest-virunga-park-incident/|accessdate=27 April 2020|work=Mongabay Environmental News}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Kemgbe afọ 2000, e nweela atụmatụ igwu mmanụ na mpaghara Congo. Igbochi atụmatụ ndị a ogige ahụ nwetara nchebe ọzọ site na nkwekọrịta emechiri emechi n'etiti onyeisiala DRC Felix Tshisekedi na Boris Johnson na ogbako mgbanwe ihu igwe nke United Nations nke afọ 2021 na Glasgow.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-10|title=COP26: Landmark $500 million agreement launched to protect the DR Congo's forest|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2021/cop26-landmark-500-million-agreement-launched-protect-dr-congo%E2%80%99s-forest|accessdate=2022-11-05|work=Africa Renewal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-25|title="DRC To Auction Oil And Gas Permits In Endangered Gorilla Habitat" {{!}} SEJ|url=https://www.sej.org/headlines/drc-auction-oil-and-gas-permits-endangered-gorilla-habitat|accessdate=2022-11-05|work=www.sej.org|language=en}}</ref> Iji mee ka ọnọdụ akụ na ụba mba ahụ ka mma, gọọmentị mebiri nchedo ahụ site n'ịre ahịa na ngalaba nchọpụta mmanụ n'ime ogige ahụ ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Julaị 2022. Tullow Oil Plc, TotalEnergies, ENI na China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd (CNOOC) nwere mmasị inweta ikike igwu ala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oil and gas exploration Virunga National Park|url=https://www.banktrack.org/project/oil_exploration_virunga_national_park|accessdate=2022-11-05|work=Banktrack|language=en}}</ref> Ndị otu obodo na nke ụwa niile, dịka Greenpeace, na-adọ aka ná ntị gbasara mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi nke imebi oke ọhịa maka mmepụta mmanụ. Ndị na-eme mkpọsa na-agbalị ime ka ọha na eze mara ihe na-eme ha na-eyi egwu ma na-atụ ha egwu na mgbasa ozi ọha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DRC's oil blocks auction: Civil society statement on threats and intimidation of environmental defenders in DR Congo|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/africa/en/blogs/52080/drcs-oil-blocks-auction-civil-society-statement-on-threats-and-intimidation-of-environmental-defenders-in-dr-congo/|accessdate=2022-11-05|work=Greenpeace Africa|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Na mbido afọ 1920, ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado mmegharị nchekwa nke Europe kwadoro echiche nke ịmepụta mpaghara nchekwa na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Belgium Congo, n'etiti Victor van Straelen, Jean Massart na Jean-Marie Derscheid. Mgbe e guzobere Albert National Park n'April 1925 dị ka ogige mba mbụ nke Congo, e chepụtara ya dị ka ebe nchekwa okike nke sayensị na-elekwasị anya na ya, ebumnuche ya bụ ịmụ ma chekwaa anụ ọhịa na ihe a na-akpọ "ndị ochie" ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-anakọta ihe n'Africa. Na 1926, Derscheid duuru ndị Belgium mbụ gaa ise map nke Albert National Park, nke gụnyere mpaghara 500 km2 (190 sq mi) gburugburu ugwu mgbawa gbawara agbawa Ugwu Karisimbi na Ugwu Mikeno. E wuru ebe nchekwa ahụ n'afọ 1929 site na Virunga National Park, nke gbara Ugwu Virunga, akụkụ nke Rutshuru Territory, na ala dị larịị nke dị n'ebe ndịda Ọdọ Mmiri Edward gburugburu. E buliri nha mbụ ya nke 2,920.98 km2 (1,127.80 sq mi) site na nzọụkwụ n'afọ ndị sochirinụ.<ref name="Harroy1993">{{Cite journal|author=Harroy, J.P.|year=1993|title=Contribution à l'histoire jusque 1934 de la création de l'Institut des parcs nationaux du Congo belge|journal=Civilisations. Revue internationale d'anthropologie et de sciences humaines|volume=41|issue=41|pages=427–442|doi=10.4000/civilisations.1732}}</ref><ref name="Bashonga2012">{{Cite book|author=Bashonga, M. G.|year=2012|title=Etude socio-économique et culturelle, attitude et perceptions des communautés Twa pygmées autour du secteur Mikeno du Parc National des Virunga|publisher=Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature|location=Goma}}</ref><ref name="DeBont2015">{{Cite journal|author=De Bont, R.|year=2015|title="Primitives" and Protected Areas: International Conservation and the "Naturalization" of Indigenous People, ca. 1910-1975|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-ideas_2015-04_76_2/page/215|journal=Journal of the History of Ideas|volume=76|issue=2|pages=215–236|doi=10.1353/jhi.2015.0014|pmid=25937035}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=De Bont, R.|year=2017|title=A World Laboratory: Framing the Albert National Park|journal=Environmental History|volume=22|issue=3|pages=404–432|doi=10.1093/envhis/emx020}}</ref> Ndị obodo ahụ furu ikike ala ha n'usoro a, a chụpụkwara ha n'ógbè ahụ echekwara.<ref name="DeBont2015" /><ref name="Inogwabini">{{Cite journal|author=Inogwabini, B.I.|year=2014|title=Conserving biodiversity in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a brief history, current trends and insights for the future|journal=Parks|volume=20|issue=2|pages=101−110|doi=10.2305/iucn.ch.2014.parks-20-2.bi.en}}</ref> N'agbata ngwụcha afọ 1930 na 1955, e mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka mmadụ 85,000 si Rwanda gaa n'ebe dị nso na Masisi dị na North Kivu.<ref name="Stephen2007">{{Cite journal|author=Stephen J.|year=2007|title=Of "Doubtful Nationality": Political Manipulation of Citizenship in the D. R. Congo|journal=Citizenship Studies|volume=11|issue=5|pages=481–500|doi=10.1080/13621020701605792}}</ref> Na 1934, e hiwere Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge ka òtù na-achị isi maka ogige ntụrụndụ mba na Belgian Congo.<ref name="Harroy1993"/> N'agbata mmalite afọ 1930 na 1961, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Belgium mere ọtụtụ njem gaa Albert National Park, nke abụọ bụ Gaston-François de Witte. Ha gụrụ ma nakọta ụdị anụ ọhịa nke anụ ọhịa maka ''Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique'';<ref>{{Cite book|author=Schouteden, H.|authorlink=Henri Schouteden|year=1938|title=Exploration du Parc National Albert: Oiseaux|location=Bruxelles|publisher=Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge|url=http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/institut-des-parcs-nationaux-du-congo/exploration-du-parc-national-albert-exploratie-van-het-nationaal-albert-park-mission-zending-g-f-de-witte-1933-1935/9-1938-mission-zending-g-f-de-witte-1933-1935/irscnb_p4137_00f8d8p_09_corps-de-texte-red.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Frechkop1943">{{Cite book|author=Frechkop, S.|year=1943|title=Exploration du Parc National Albert: Mammifères|location=Bruxelles|publisher=Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge|url=http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/institut-des-parcs-nationaux-du-congo/exploration-du-parc-national-albert-exploratie-van-het-nationaal-albert-park/1-1943-mission-s-mammiferes/irscnb_s2073_00fc5ax_1-core-red.pdf}}</ref> lere anya n'agbụrụ dị iche iche n'ógbè a;<ref name="Schumacher1943">{{Cite book|author=Schumacher, P.|title=Die Kivu-Pygmäen und ihre soziale Umwelt im Albert-National Park|year=1943|location=Bruxelles|publisher=Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge|url=http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/institut-des-parcs-nationaux-du-congo/exploration-du-parc-national-albert-exploratie-van-het-nationaal-albert-park-mission-zending-p-schumacher-1933-1936/1-1943-mission-p-schumacher/irscnb_p4143_rbins19135_1-5-90-red.pdf}}</ref> mụọ ọrụ mgbawa ugwu,<ref>{{Cite book|author=Verhoogen, J.|year=1948|title=Les éruptions 1938-1940 du volcan Nyamuragira|location=Bruxelles|publisher=Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge|url=http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/institut-des-parcs-nationaux-du-congo/exploration-du-parc-national-albert-exploratie-van-het-nationaal-albert-park-mission-zending-j-verhoogen-1938-et-1940/1-1948-mission-j-verhoogen-les-eruptions-1938-1940-du-volcan-nyamuragira/irscnb_p4142_rbins19133_1-5-130-part-1-red.pdf}}</ref> na ihe ndị e ji mee ihe ochie.<ref>{{Cite book|author=de Heinzelin de Braucourt, J.|year=1961|title=Le paléolithique aux abords d'Ishango|location=Bruxelles|publisher=Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge|url=http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/institut-des-parcs-nationaux-du-congo/exploration-du-parc-national-albert-exploratie-van-het-nationaal-albert-park-mission-zending-j-de-heinzelin-de-braucourt-1950/6-1961-mission-zending-j-de-heinzelin-de-braucourt-1950/irscnb_c23707_009a2cb_6-corps-de-texte-red.pdf}}</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1950, ndị Tutsi na-azụ anụ ụlọ ha banyere n'ogige ahụ, na-ebibi ebe obibi ebumpụta ụwa ruo n'ịdị elu nke mita 3,000 (ụkwụ 9,800), nke e chere na ọ na-eyi ugwu gorilla nke ogige ahụ egwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dart, R.A.|year=1960|title=The urgency of international intervention for the preservation of the mountain gorilla|journal=South African Journal of Science|volume=56|issue=4|pages=85–87|url=https://journals.co.za/content/sajsci/56/4/AJA00382353_8871?crawler=true}}</ref> E megharịrị iwu ala n'afọ 1960 mgbe Belgian Congo ghọrọ mba nweere onwe ya dịka Republic of the Congo, ala ahụ wee bụrụ nke steeti ahụ, nke mere ka ndị obodo ahụ ghara inwe obi ụtọ. Ịchụ nta iwu na-akwadoghị n'ime ebe echedoro amụbaala.<ref name="Inogwabini"/> N'afọ 1969, e jikọtara ogige abụọ ahụ n'aha Virunga National Park, nke a kpọrọ UNESCO na 1979 Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa.<ref name="Crawford2008"/> Na 1996, e depụtara ogige ntụrụndụ mba dị ka ebe Ramsar dị mkpa maka mba ụwa.<ref name="Crawford2008">{{Cite book|author=Crawford, A.|year=2008|title=MEAs,&nbsp;Conservation&nbsp;and&nbsp;Conflict&nbsp;– A case study&nbsp;of&nbsp;Virunga&nbsp;National&nbsp;Park,&nbsp;DRC|publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development|location=Geneva}}</ref> Na 2011, ụlọ ọrụ Britain bụ Soco International nwetara ikike maka iwepụta mmanụ ala n'akụkụ na n'akụkụ buru ibu nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ. Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị kwadoro ọrụ nchọpụta nke ndị otu Soco International, ebe ndị njikwa ogige ahụ megidere ya. Ka ọgba aghara na-arị elu, a wakporo onyeisi ndị nche ogige ahụ, Emmanuel de Mérode, n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014.<ref name="Marijnen2018">{{Cite journal|author=Marijnen, E.|year=2018|title=Public Authority and Conservation in Areas of Armed Conflict: Virunga National Park as a "State within a State" in Eastern Congo|journal=Development and Change|volume=49|issue=3|pages=790–814|doi=10.1111/dech.12380}}</ref> Mgbe ngagharị iwe mba ụwa gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị inyocha ihe omume ma kweta ka ha ghara ịmalite ọrụ ndị yiri ya n'akụkụ ebe ihe nketa ụwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nkongolo, J.K.|year=2015|title=International solidarity and permanent sovereignty over natural resources: antagonism or peaceful coexistence? The case of oil in the Virunga National Park|journal=African Journal of Democracy and Governance|volume=2|issue=3–4|pages=77–98}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Verheyen, E.|year=2016|title=Oil extraction imperils Africa's Great Lakes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_science_2016-11-04_354_6312/page/561|journal=Science|volume=354|issue=6312|pages=561–562|doi=10.1126/science.aal1722|pmid=27811261}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hochleithner, S.|year=2017|title=Beyond Contesting Limits: Land, Access, and Resistance at the Virunga National Park|journal=Conservation and Society|volume=15|issue=1|pages=100–110|doi=10.4103/0972-4923.201397}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Kümpel, N.F.|year=2018|chapter=Sustainable development at natural World Heritage sites in Africa|title=World Heritage for Sustainable Development in Africa|editor=Moukala, E.|location=Paris|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|pages=51–61|chapterurl=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327302910}}</ref> Na Ọgọstụ 2015, Minista nke Njem Nleta na Omenala malitere atụmatụ anọ dị mkpa gụnyere ebe ndị njem nleta Tchegera Island na ngalaba okporo ụzọ Rugari-Bukima nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịnweta ngalaba Ugwu Mikeno.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Nord-Kivu: inauguration des activités du parc national des Virunga|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2015/08/24/actualite/economie/nord-kivu-inauguration-des-activites-du-parc-national-de-virunga|accessdate=29 September 2024|work=[[Radio Okapi]]|language=fr}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016, e wuru ọdọ mmiri anọ nke na-enye ọkụ eletrik nye obere azụmaahịa ma na-abara ihe karịrị mmadụ 200,000 bi n'ime obodo uru.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Odiaua, I.|year=2018|chapter=Engaging World Heritage to drive sustainable development in Africa: next steps|editor=Moukala, E.|location=Paris|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|pages=251–277|title=World Heritage for Sustainable Development in Africa|chapterurl=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327302910}}</ref> N'afọ 2018 na 2026, a kpọkọtara ndị ọrụ ogige ntụrụndụ iji nyere aka lụso ọrịa Ebola ọgụ n'ógbè ahụ. Na 2026, gọọmentị etiti kpọrọ oku ka ndị nche guzobe ebe a na-enyocha ma na-ekewapụ ndị mmadụ iji nyere aka gbochie mgbasa nke nje ahụ gaa na ndịda na North Kivu.<ref name="FT">{{Cite news|author=Wallis|first=William|title=Ebola and jihadis threaten Africa’s oldest national park|url=https://www.ft.com/content/1560124d-d3fa-4184-873b-c609dae8f00e?syn-25a6b1a6=1|accessdate=11 June 2026|work=[[Financial Times]]|date=9 June 2026}}</ref> === Agha nwere Ngwa Agha === Kemgbe mmalite afọ 1990, ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mpaghara Great Lakes nke Afrịka metụtara mpaghara nchekwa ahụ. Mgbe ogbugbu agbụrụ Rwanda gasịrị, ọtụtụ puku ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ gbagara mpaghara Kivu, ọnụnọ nke ndị agha mụbara. Agha Congo nke Mbụ na nke Abụọ mere ka mpaghara ahụ ghara inwe udo. E gbochiri ndị nche mgbochi ịchụ nta n'ime ogige ahụ, e gbukwara ndị ọrụ ogige ahụ na anụ ọhịa.<ref name="Debonnet2004"/> Ihe dị ka mmadụ 850,000 gbara ọsọ ndụ bi gburugburu ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ na 1994. Ihe ruru mmadụ 40,000 na-abanye n'ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ kwa ụbọchị ịchọ nkụ na nri, ma na-egbutu nnukwu ebe ndị dị n'ime ọhịa.<ref name="McNeely2003">{{Cite journal|author=McNeely, J.A.|year=2003|title=Conserving forest biodiversity in times of violent conflict|journal=Oryx|volume=37|issue=2|pages=142–152|doi=10.1017/S0030605303000334}}</ref> Na 1994, e tinyere Virunga National Park n'ime Ndepụta nke Ihe Nketa Ụwa n'Ihe Ize Ndụ.<ref name="Debonnet2004" /> Mgbe Agha nke Abụọ nke Congo gwụchara, esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị ọrụ ogige ntụrụndụ na ndị otu nnupụisi gara n'ihu; e gburu ndị ọrụ ogige ntụrụndụ 80 n'etiti 1996 na 2003.<ref name="McNeely2003"/> Ọtụtụ ndị nnupụisi ji ngwa agha na-arụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ, gụnyere Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda na National Congress for the Defence of the People (FDLR).<ref name="Crawford2008"/> Latter chịrị ngalaba Mikeno nke Virunga National Park n'etiti Disemba 2006 na Jenụwarị 2009.<ref name="Refisch2016">{{Cite book|author=Refisch, J.|year=2016|chapter=Transboundary collaboration in the Greater Virunga Landscape: From gorilla conservation to conflict-sensitive transboundary landscape management|title=Governance, Natural Resources, and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding|editor=Bruch, C.|publisher=Routledge|location=Oxon, New York|pages=825–841|isbn=978-1-136-27207-3|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=SP8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA825}}</ref> Na 2005, European Commission (EC) kwadoro mmekorita nke gọọmentị na nkeonwe n'etiti gọọmentị mba ahụ na otu Britain na-abụghị nke gọọmentị bụ African Conservation Fund. Òtù nke ikpeazụ ahụ na-ahụ maka njikwa ogige kemgbe afọ 2010; ihe dị ka pasentị 80 nke ụgwọ nlekọta bụ nke EC na-akwado. E tinyere ndị agha n'ọrụ nchekwa ogige n'afọ ndị sochirinụ iji gbochie ndị nnupụisi na ndị na-achụ nta anụ ka ha ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ogige ahụ.<ref name="Marijnen2018"/> A na-enye ndị ọrụ ogige ahụ ọzụzụ ndị agha na ngwa agha dị elu, ha na-arụkọkwa ọrụ na ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nchekwa steeti.<ref name="Verweijen2016">{{Cite journal|author=Verweijen, J.|year=2016|title=The counterinsurgency/conservation nexus: guerrilla livelihoods and the dynamics of conflict and violence in the Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo|journal=The Journal of Peasant Studies|volume=45|issue=2|pages=300–320|doi=10.1080/03066150.2016.1203307|url=http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79039/3/counterinsurgency-conservation%20nexus.pdf}}</ref> A katọkwara usoro ndị a dị ka "ịme ka ndị agha dị n'ihe gbasara nchekwa", maka ime ihe ike na mkpofu ndị obodo na-eche ihu. Obodo dịka Mbuti, ndị dabere na ala ndị dị n'ogige ahụ maka nri na ebe obibi, a chụpụrụ ha n'èzí, ma ọ bụ nwee ihe egwu ijide ma ọ bụ gbuo ha site n'aka ndị nche ogige ahụ.<ref name="ips">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/09/militarised-conservation-threatens-drcs-indigenous-people-part-1/|title=Militarised Conservation Threatens DRC's Indigenous People – Part 1|author=Moloo|first=Zahra|date=14 September 2014|work=Inter Press Service|accessdate=4 January 2019}}</ref> A na-ebo ebubo na mmụba nke nchekwa okike na-akwalite mwakpo ngwa agha nke ndị agha. Ndị bi n'ime ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ, ma ndị obodo ma ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, na-adabere n'ọrụ ugbo, ịchụ nta, ịkụ azụ̀, ịkpụ osisi na imepụta kol maka ihe ha ji ebi ndụ, ihe omume niile a machibidoro iwu. Ndị obodo ahụ enweghị ebe ọzọ ha ga-esi nweta nchekwa, ha na-adaberekwa na nchekwa nke ndị otu ji egbe, nke a na-ana ụgwọ maka ya site na ihe omume ndị a machibidoro iwu. Dịka akụkọ nke United Nations Security Council si kwuo, pasentị 80 nke kol e ji ree obodo Goma na-esi n'ogige ahụ enweta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma, nke na-egosi uru kwa afọ nke US $28–30 nde. Ma ndị ọrụ nchekwa steeti ma ndị otu dị otu a na-ejikwa ngwa agha ezu ohi na ịtọrọ mmadụ maka ego.<ref name="Verweijen2016"/> Mgbalị ndị e mere n'ichekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere mmetụta dị iche iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ mgbe e bibiri ugbo n'ime Kibirizi, e zigakwara ndị agha na ndị nche ogige ka ha gaa leta ihe ndị dị ndụ, Ndị mmadụ kwagara n'ime ogige ahụ gaa n'ala nke FDLR na-achịkwa, ebe ha nwere ike ịgbazite obere ala. Ọgbaghara mere n'afọ 2015 mgbe otu ndị otu mpaghara dị na Binza (ugwu Bwisha) nwara iweghachi ikike nke mpaghara ahụ, ebumnuche nke ịmaliteghachi ọrụ ịkụ azụ ma kwe ka ndị mmadụ laghachi, gbuo onye nche ogige ntụrụndụ na ndị agha 11-15.<ref name="Verweijen2016"/> E gburu ndị nche ise n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 2017 n'akụkụ Lake Edward n'ime mwakpo ndị agha. E gburu ndị nche ise na otu onye ọkwọ ụgbọala n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2018/apr/09/six-virunga-park-rangers-killed-in-drc-wildlife-sanctuary|title=Six Virunga park rangers killed in DRC wildlife sanctuary|author=Burke, J.|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2018|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> Kemgbe agha ahụ malitere, ndị otu ji ngwa agha gburu ndị nche ogige 175 ruo Eprel 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://virunga.org/news/in-memoriam-april2018|title=In memoriam: deadliest attack on Virunga staff in Park's recent history brings total ranger deaths to 175|work=Virunga|date=2018|accessdate=2018-08-17}}</ref> Na Mee 2018, e gburu otu onye nche mgbe ọ na-agbachitere ndị njem nleta abụọ e tọọrọ.<ref name="NGN2018"/> E mechara hapụ ha n'enweghị mmerụ ahụ. N'ihi ya, ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ka mechiri emechi maka ndị ọbịa site na June 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitvirunga.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/20180602_Closure-Statement.pdf|title=Virunga Park Closure Statement|date=2018|accessdate=2018-06-26|archivedate=2018-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615013113/https://visitvirunga.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/20180602_Closure-Statement.pdf}}</ref> ruo Febụwarị 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-congo-park-idUSKCN1Q50FM|title=Congo's Virunga park reopens eight months after deadly ambush|date=2019|work=Reuters|accessdate=2019-04-26|author=Prentice, A.}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, ndị otu ndị agha wakporo otu ndị nkịtị gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndị nche ogige iri na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rangers killed in "deadliest" DR Congo park attack|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52415798|work=BBC News|accessdate=27 April 2020|date=2020}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na Jenụwarị 2021, ndị ji egbe gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndị nche isii ma merụọ ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ahụ n'oge mwakpo ha mere n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Six park rangers killed in DR Congo's Virunga gorilla reserve|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210110-six-park-rangers-killed-in-dr-congo-s-virunga-gorilla-reserve|accessdate=2021-01-13|work=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Six Virunga park rangers killed in eastern Congo ambush|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/11/africa/congo-virunga-park-rangers-killed-intl/index.html|work=CNN|accessdate=12 January 2021|date=2021}}</ref> Na ụbọchị iri abụọ na abụọ nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2021, onye nnọchi anya mba Itali na DRC bụ Luca Attanasio, ya na onye uwe ojii ndị agha Itali bụ Vittorio Iacovacci na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala Congo bụ Moustapha Milambo, ndịha tọọrọ ma gbuo ha, ndị weghaara ndị otu ha nke Mmemme Nri Ụwa dị ihe dị ka kilomita 15 n'ebe ugwu Goma wee bute ha na Virunga. Ndị nche ogige ntụrụndụ nwere ike ịtọhapụ mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021|title=Italian ambassador to DR Congo killed in UN convoy attack|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56151600|accessdate=2021-02-23}}</ref> N'etiti ọrịa Ebola nke afọ 2026, ndị jihadist sitere na Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) bibiri ụfọdụ akụkụ ugwu nke Virunga. Mwakpo abụọ nke ADF na June gburu mmadụ iri abụọ na itoolu, gụnyere ndị ọrụ nchekwa Virunga abụọ.<ref name="FT"/> == Ọdịdị ala == Ogige Ntụrụndụ Virunga dị na mpaghara mmiri Congo nke dị na Naịl, e kewara ya ụzọ atọ: Ugwu, Etiti, na Ndịda. Ngalaba Ugwu jikọtara ya na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Semuliki nke Uganda na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Ugwu Rwenzori.<ref name="Crawford2008"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name="Mubalama2004">{{Cite journal|author=Mubalama, L.|year=2004|title=Monitoring law enforcement and illegal activities in the northern sector of the Parc National des Virunga, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Pachyderm|issue=36|pages=16–29}}</ref> Elu dị n'ime mpaghara ahụ sitere na mita 680 (ụkwụ 2,230) na ndagwurugwu Osimiri Puemba ruo n'elu ugwu kachasị elu nke Ugwu Stanley na mita 5,109 (ụkwụ 16,762) n'ime kilomita 30 (mile 19).<ref name="Crawford2008" /> N'obosara ala ya ruru hekta 299,523, ọ bụ mpaghara kachasị ukwuu n'ala n'ogige ahụ, site na Osimiri Puemba ruo Ọdọ Mmiri Edward ma nwee Osimiri Semliki, Ugwu Rwenzori, na Ugwu Tshiaberim.<ref name=":1" /> Ngalaba etiti gụnyere akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda nke Ọdọ Mmiri Edward yana ala dị larịị Rwindi-Rutshuru ruo Mabenga.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Karumba|first=Janvier Bagula|date=2011|title=De l'opportunité du développement du tourisme au nord Kivu: Cas de la ville de Goma|url=https://www.memoireonline.com/01/14/8505/m_De-l-opportunite-du-developpement-du-tourisme-au-nord-Kivu-Cas-de-la-ville-de-Goma20.html|accessdate=26 December 2025|publisher=Institut Supérieur de Tourisme de Goma (ISTou-Goma)|language=fr}}</ref> Ọ gụnyekwara mpaghara Lulimbi n'akụkụ Osimiri Ishasha, nke bụ ókèala ya na Uganda ma a na-akpọkwa ya Ngalaba Ọwụwa Anyanwụ mgbe ụfọdụ. Ngalaba a na-ekpuchi hekta 339,179, gụnyere hekta 144,548 nke Ọdọ Mmiri Edward n'onwe ya.<ref name=":1" /> Ugwu Virunga dị n'akụkụ ndịda na-achị mpaghara ndịda, na-eru elu ruru mita 4,500. Dịka Janvier Bagula Karumba si kwuo, ọ kpuchiri ala ya 145,672 hekta, site na ndịda Ugwu Kasali ruo n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugwu nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu. Ebe a nwere asaa n'ime ugwu mgbawa asatọ dị n'oké osimiri ahụ, gụnyere abụọ n'ime ugwu mgbawa kachasị na Afrịka: Nyiragongo na Nyamuragira, ebe Ugwu Mikeno adịghị ike.<ref name=":1"/> E chebere ya kemgbe afọ 1925, ọ dịkwa n'ime oke ọhịa Afromontane. Ebe nchịkwa nke ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ dị na Rumangabo dị nso na ogige gorilla ahụ, ebe Mount Mikeno Hotel bụkwa ebe ndị njem nleta dị mkpa. Tinyere ogige ntụrụndụ mba nke Rwanda nke ugwu mgbawa nke Rwanda na ogige ntụrụndụ mba nke Uganda nke Mgahinga Gorilla, ngalaba a na-emepụta usoro ihe owuwu ugwu mgbawa nke Greater Virunga.<ref name=":1" /> Mpaghara ókèala dị n'etiti ngalaba etiti na ndịda bara ụba karịsịa na ụdị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ, nke nwere Ọdọ Mmiri Ondo, ọdọ mmiri Kibuga, ala mmiri dị n'akụkụ nsọtụ mmiri lava, na mmiri Molindi.<ref name=":1"/> Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasentị iri asaa na ise nke mmiri dị n'osimiri Rutshuru dị ala sitere na Osimiri Molindi, nke na-eme ka mmiri ozuzo buru ibu nke ubi lava dị n'ebe ndịda na-amịkọrọ maliteghachi. Ebe a dị n'ebe ugwu nke ókèala mmiri Congo, nke na-asọba n'okpuru ala nke ukwuu.<ref name=":1" /> === Ọnọdụ ihu igwe === Mgbanwe nke Mpaghara Njikọ Intertropical na El Niño-Southern Oscillation na-emetụta ihu igwe dị na Albertine Rift. Maachị ruo etiti Mee na Septemba ruo Nọvemba bụ oge mmiri ozuzo kacha mkpa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Seimon, A.|year=2012|chapter=Regional Climatology of the Albertine Rift|title=Long Term changes in Africa's Rift Valley: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|location=New York|editor=Plumptre, A. J.|pages=18–38}}</ref> Mmiri ozuzo kwa ọnwa n'ime savanna gbara Ọdọ Mmiri Edward gburugburu bụ 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in); nke a bụ akụkụ kacha kpọọ nkụ n'ala ahụ. Mpaghara ugwu na-enweta mmiri ozuzo kwa ọnwa ruo 220 mm (8.7 in), ebe mpaghara ndịda na-enweta mmiri ozuzo ruo 160 mm (6.3 in).<ref name="Plumptre_al2012">{{Cite book|author=Plumptre, A. J.|title=Long Term changes in Africa's Rift Valley: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|year=2012|editor=Plumptre, A. J.|location=New York|pages=88–105|chapter=The effects of environmental and anthropogenic changes on the savannas of the Queen Elizabeth and Virunga National parks}}</ref> Okpomọkụ nkezi n'ebe dị ala na-adị iche site na 23–28 Celsius (73–82 Celsius), nakwa n'ebe dị elu site na 16–24 Celsius (61–75 Celsius), ọ naghị adịkarị ala karịa 14 Celsius (57 Celsius).<ref name="Bashonga2012"/> == Osisi == <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles>Osisi dị na Virunga National Park gụnyere ụdị osisi 2,077, gụnyere ụdị osisi 264 na osisi 230 ndị jupụtara na Albertine Rift.<ref name="Plumptre_al2007" /> Ala dị larịị nke Virunga National Park bụ nke ala mmiri dị n'ime mmiri na ala ahịhịa juputara na papyrus sedge (''Cyperus papyrus''), jointed flatsedge (''C. articulatus''), common reed (''Phragmites mauritanica''), sacaton grasses (''Sporobolus consimilis''), ambatch (''Aeschynomene elaphroxylon''), conkerberry (''Carissa spinarum''), paperbark thorn (''Vachellia sieberiana'') na kowai fruit (''Coccinia grandis'').<ref name="Mubalama2000">{{Cite journal|author=Mubalama, L.|year=2000|title=Population and Distribution of Elephants (''Loxodonta africana africana'') in the Central Sector of the Virunga National Park, Eastern DRC|journal=Pachyderm|volume=28|pages=44–55}}</ref> Ihe fọdụrụ nke dicots dịka African caper (''Capparis tomentosa''), ''Maerua'' species, cucurbits nke ọhịa, na nightshades bụ nke a hụrụ ya n'ime bọọlụ nsị nke enyí Afrịka (Loxodonta) nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa maka mgbasa mkpụrụ n'ala ahịhịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Brahmachary, R.L.|year=1980|title=On the germination of seeds in the dung balls of the African elephant in the Virunga National Park|journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et la Vie)|volume=34|issue=1|pages=139–142|doi=10.3406/revec.1980.4059|url=http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/54997/LATERREETLAVIE_1980_34_1_139.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref> Oke ọhịa ugwu dị n'agbata mita 1,800 na 2,800 (ụkwụ 5,900 na 9,200) n'akụkụ ndịda bụ nke osisi Ficalhoa laurifolia na Podocarpus milanjianus na-eto nke nwere osisi dị elu ruo mita 25 (ụkwụ 82). [[Yushania alpina|African alpine bamboo]] (''Yushania alpina'') na-eto n'ebe dị elu nke mita 2,300–2,600 (ụkwụ 7,500–8,500). Osisi dị n'elu mita 2,600 (ụkwụ 8,500) dị n'okpuru ala, nke nwere osisi redwood nke Afrịka (Hagenia abyssinica) kacha eto ruo mita 3,000 (ụkwụ 9,800). Tree heath (''Erica arborea''), heather na mosses kpuchiri ugwu mmiri dị elu ruo mita 3,700 (ụkwụ 12,100). ''Senecio'' na ''Lobelia'' ụdị osisi ndị a na-eto n'ebe dị oke ugwu ma na-eru elu ruo mita 8 (ụkwụ 26).<ref name="Bashonga2012"/><templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles>Ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche nke Virunga National Park gụnyere anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara 196, nnụnụ 706, anụmanụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ 109 na amphibians 65 dịka ọ dị na 2012.<ref name="Plumptre_al2007" /> === Anụ na-enye nwa ara === Anụmanụ praịmatị ndị dị na ogige ntụrụndụ mba gụnyere Gorila ugwu (G. b. beringei), chimpanzee nkịtị (Pan troglodytes), enwe ọlaedo, red-tailed monkey (''Cercopithecus ascanius''), Dent's mona monkey (''C. denti''), blue monkey (''C. mitis''), Hamlyn's monkey (''C. hamlyni''), De Brazza's monkey (''C. neglectus''), Central African red colobus (''Procolobus foai''), mantled guereza (''Colobus guereza''), olive baboon (''Papio anubis'') na grey-cheeked mangabey (''Lophocebus albigena'').<ref name="Plumptre_al2007" /><ref name="Frechkop1943"/><ref name="Lanjouw2002">{{Cite book|author=Lanjouw, A.|year=2002|chapter=Behavioural adaptations to water scarcity in Tongo chimpanzees|title=Behavioural diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|pages=52–60|editor=Boesch, C.|isbn=0-521-00613-9|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-E7QdC6Q8cIC&pg=PA52}}</ref><ref name="Nixon2008">{{Cite book|author=Nixon, S. C.|year=2008|title=Conservation status of Okapi in Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. ZSL Conservation Report No. 9|publisher=The Zoological Society of London|location=London|url=https://www.zsl.org/sites/default/files/Nixon%20and%20Lusenge%202008%20-%20Conservation%20status%20of%20okapi%20in%20Virunga%20National%20Park%2C%20DRC.pdf|accessdate=2018-11-13|archive-date=2021-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825193426/https://www.zsl.org/sites/default/files/Nixon%20and%20Lusenge%202008%20-%20Conservation%20status%20of%20okapi%20in%20Virunga%20National%20Park%2C%20DRC.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> African bush elephant (''Loxodonta africana''), hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'') na African buffalo (''Syncerus caffer'') biri n'ime ngalaba etiti nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba.<ref name="Mubalama2000" /> Okapi (''Okapia johnstoni''), blue duiker (''Philantomba monticola''), bay duiker (''Cephalophus dorsalis''), Weyns's duiker (''C. weynsi''), yellow-backed duiker (''C. silvicultor''), water chevrotain (''Hyemoschus aquaticus''), red river hog (''Potamochoerus porcus''), aardvark (''Orycteropus afer'') na bongo (''Tragelaphus eurycerus'') bụ ihe e dekọrọ na ngalaba ugwu na 2008.<ref name="Nixon2008"/> Harnessed bushbuck (''T. scriptus'') na giant forest hog (''Hylochoerus meinertzhageni'') dị na mpaghara ndịda.<ref name="Lanjouw2002"/> Topi niile dị n'elu (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) n'ebe ndịda nke Ọdọ Mmiri Edward na mpaghara Ishasha Flats, ma na-agafe ókèala ahụ mgbe niile na Uganda. Ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ya gụnyere Ugandan kob (''Kobus kob thomasi''), waterbuck (''K. ellipsiprymnus''), na &nbsp;common warthog (''Phacochoerus africanus'').<ref name="Plumptre_al2012"/><ref name="Treves_al2009">{{Cite journal|author=Treves|first=A.|title=Identifying a potential lion ''Panthera leo'' stronghold in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda, and Parc National des Virunga, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Oryx|volume=43|issue=1|year=2009|pages=60–66|doi=10.1017/S003060530700124X}}</ref> Ogige Ntụrụndụ Virunga yana Ogige Ntụrụndụ Eze Nwanyị Elizabeth nke dị nso na-emepụta "Ngalaba Nchekwa Ọdụm".<ref>{{Cite book|author=IUCN Cat Specialist Group|year=2006|title=Conservation Strategy for the Lion ''Panthera leo'' in Eastern and Southern Africa|publisher=IUCN|location=Pretoria, South Africa}}</ref> A na-ewere mpaghara a dị ka ebe ọdụm (Panthera leo) nwere ike ị bị nke bụ ebe siri ike, ọ bụrụ na a kwụsị ịkpa anụ ma anụ ndị na-eri anụ ga-agbake.<ref name="Treves_al2009"/> N'akụkụ ugwu nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ, African leopard (''P. pardus pardus''), marsh mongoose (''Atilax paludinosus''), giant pangolin (''Smutsia gigantea''), tree pangolin (''Phataginus tricuspis''), crested porcupine (''Hystrix cristata''), Lord Derby's scaly-tailed squirrel (''Anomalurus derbianus''), Boehm's bush squirrel (''Paraxerus boehmi''), western tree hyrax (''Dendrohyrax dorsalis''), Emin's pouched rat (''Cricetomys emini'') na checkered elephant shrew (''Rhynchocyon cirnei'') bụ nke e dekọrọ ha n'oge nnyocha emere na 2008.<ref name="Nixon2008"/> === Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ === Osimiri Semliki na-enye ebe obibi maka agụ iyi Naịl (Crocodylus niloticus). A hụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugwu nke Ọdọ Mmiri Edwards na 1988 maka oge mbụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Verschuren, J.|year=1989|title=L'apparition des crocodiles au lac ex-Edouard, Parc National des Virunga, Zaïre|journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et la Vie)|volume=44|issue=4|pages=367–397|doi=10.3406/revec.1989.5528|url=http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/55367/LATERREETLAVIE_1989_44_4_387.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> === Nnụnụ === Nnụnụ ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ime Albertine Rift, Rwenzori turaco, Rwenzori batis, Archer's ground robin, red-throated alethe, Kivu ground thrush, collared apalis, mountain masked apalis, dusky crimson-wing, Shelley's crimsonwing, red-faced woodland warbler, stripe-breasted tit, blue-headed sunbird, regal sunbird, Rwenzori double-collared sunbird, handsome spurfowl na strange weaver bụ nke e dekọrọ na ngalaba ndịda nke Virunga National Park n'oge nyocha na 2004. Nnụnụ ndị na-abụghị ndị a na-akọ akụkọ ha gụnyere Wahlberg's eagle, African goshawk, African hobby, harrier hawk, common buzzard, mountain buzzard, hadeda ibis, grey-crowned crane, black-and-white-casqued hornbill, black-billed turaco, African olive pigeon, tambourine dove, blue-spotted wood dove, red-eyed dove, brown-necked parrot, red-chested cuckoo, olive long-tailed cuckoo, barred long-tailed cuckoo, Klaas's cuckoo, Diederik cuckoo, blue-headed coucal, Narina trogon, white-headed wood hoopoe, white-necked raven, white-tailed crested flycatcher, African paradise flycatcher, white-eyed slaty flycatcher, African dusky flycatcher, white-tailed blue flycatcher, mountain oriole, speckled mousebird, cinnamon-chested bee-eater, grey-throated barbet, yellow-billed barbet, western tinkerbird, yellow-rumped tinkerbird, cardinal woodpecker, olive woodpecker, black saw-wing, Angola swallow, Alpine swift, mountain greenbul, yellow-whiskered greenbul, common bulbul, white-starred robin, Archer's ground robin, white-browed robin-chat, African stonechat, rufous thrush, African thrush, olive thrush, grassland pipit, cinnamon bracken warbler, black-faced rufous warbler, mountain yellow warbler, brown woodland warbler, green sandpiper, Chubb's cisticola, banded prinia, chestnut-throated apalis, grey-backed camaroptera, white-browed crombec, black-throated wattle-eye, chinspot batis, mountain illadopsis, grey-chested illadopsis, olive sunbird, bronze sunbird, malachite sunbird, collared sunbird, variable sunbird, yellow white-eye, Mackinnon's shrike, Doherty's bushshrike, Lühder's bushshrike, northern puffback, mountain sooty boubou, tropical boubou, narrow-tailed starling, Sharpe's starling, baglafecht weaver, black bishop, grey-headed nigrita, common waxbill, black-headed waxbill, bronze mannikin, black and white mannikin, pin-tailed whydah, African citril, streaky seedeater na thick-billed seedeater.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Owiunji, I.|year=2005|title=Biological Survey of Virunga Volcanoes|publisher=Wildlife Conservation Society|location=New York|url=http://rw.chm-cbd.net/implementation/rapport-et-documents-nationaux/biodiversity-virunga-volcanoes/download/en/1/the-biodiversity-of-the-virunga-volcanoes.pdf|accessdate=2018-12-12|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811143821/https://rw.chm-cbd.net/implementation/rapport-et-documents-nationaux/biodiversity-virunga-volcanoes/download/en/1/the-biodiversity-of-the-virunga-volcanoes.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Agbụrụ dị iche iche ==   Agbụrụ ndị bi na Virunga National Park na gburugburu ya gụnyere: * Ndị Mbuti<ref name="Schumacher1943"/><ref name="DeBont2015"/><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hart, T.B.|year=1986|title=The ecological basis of hunter-gatherer subsistence in African rain forests: the Mbuti of Eastern Zaire|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-ecology-nl_1986-03_14_1/page/29|journal=Human Ecology|volume=14|issue=1|pages=29–55|doi=10.1007/bf00889209}}</ref> * Ndị Nande<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Kenfack|first=Chrislain Eric|date=17 March 2013|title=Le Paysage Virunga|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/4086-cobambrief.pdf|accessdate=29 September 2024|publisher=[[Center for International Forestry Research]]|language=fr|archivedate=9 January 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109152839/https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/4086-cobambrief.pdf}}</ref> * Ndị Hunde<ref name=":0" /> * Ndị Kumu<ref name=":0" /> * Ndị Hutu<ref name="DeBont2015" /> * Ndị Tutsi<ref name="DeBont2015" /> * Basongora<ref name="Losh2021">{{Cite news|author=Losh|first=Jack|date=2 April 2021|title=When Nature Conservation Goes Wrong|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/04/02/uganda-conservation-poaching-crisis-poverty-national-park/|work=[[Foreign Policy Magazine]]|accessdate=3 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="govisitkenya">{{Cite web|title=The Details of the Basongoro of Rwenzori and their Culture in Uganda|url=https://www.govisitkenya.com/songora-people.html|date=2014|work=Go Visit Kenya|accessdate=3 May 2021|archivedate=31 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531102733/https://www.govisitkenya.com/songora-people.html}}</ref> Ihe nkiri akụkọ ''Virunga'' na-egosi ọrụ ndị na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ mba Virunga na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nke mba Britain bụ Soco International n'ime ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Screenings|url=http://virungamovie.com/screenings/past|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427064200/http://virungamovie.com/screenings/past|archivedate=April 27, 2014|work=Virunga (Official Website)|accessdate=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Sinha-Roy|first=Pifa|title=Netflix's "Virunga" uncovers Congo's fight to protect resources|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-netflix-virunga-idUSKBN0IQ2OB20141107|work=[[Reuters]]|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> E gosipụtara Ndakasi, otu gorilla si n'ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ, na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn na ihe nkiri ole na ole, gụnyere ihe nkiri Netflix.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bella, T.|date=2021|title=Ndakasi, Beloved Mountain Gorilla of Photobomb Fame, dies|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/10/07/ndakasi-mountain-gorilla-selfie-dies/|work=Washington Post}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Cite web|title=Virunga National Park|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/63|work=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=22 January 2016}} * {{Cite web|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6066|author=BirdLife International|title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Virunga National Park}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.visitvirunga.org/|title=Visit Virunga National Park|accessdate=2011-07-16|archivedate=2020-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006091838/https://visitvirunga.org/}} * {{Cite web|url=https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2017/05/12/interview-with-emmanuel-de-merode-director-of-virunga-national-park/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051704/https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2017/05/12/interview-with-emmanuel-de-merode-director-of-virunga-national-park/|archivedate=December 22, 2017|title=Interview With Emmanuel de Merode, Director of Virunga National Park – National Geographic Blog|work=blog.nationalgeographic.org|date=May 2017|accessdate=2017-12-21}} * {{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/07/virunga-national-parks-africa-congo-rangers/|title=Inside the Fight to Save a Dangerous Park|date=July 2016|work=National Geographic Magazine 230 (1)|accessdate=2017-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618061851/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/07/virunga-national-parks-africa-congo-rangers/|archive-date=2016-06-18|url-status=dead}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iw5c7nntih11h9cx4jak25wdyxgtv3n 0 77305 728202 671300 2026-09-26T12:59:41Z Ani Chiemelie j 64027 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369244023|Onitsha Market Literature]]" 728202 wikitext text/x-wiki Nwere ike ịgụ ntụgharị asụsụ Igbo pụtara ihe nke ọma maka ederede gị n'okpuru: Akwụkwọ Mmemme Ahịa Onitsha (Onitsha Market Literature) pụtara n'alakarị afọ 1950 site n'akwụkwọ ịhụnanya e dere n'obodo ahụ na obere akwụkwọ nta ndị na-agaghị nnukwu ego, nke ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ bipụtara n'obodo Onitsha dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Na mbụ, e bu n'uche iji ya nweta ego n'ọnwa ndị azụmahịa na-adịghị aga nke ọma, mana mmegharị ahụ nwetara ume mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma nke 1956 nke akwụkwọ Ogali A. Ogali kacha ere nke bụ "Veronica My Daughter: A Drama" gachara. Nke a gosipụtara ịrị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta nke mpaghara ahụ, ebe ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ mepụtara ọtụtụ narị obere akwụkwọ n'ụdị dị iche iche — site n'akụkọ njem na akwụkwọ 'otú esi mee' ruo n'akwụkwọ ịhụnanya, akụkọ mmekọrịta na egwuregwu nkiri. E dere ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'asụsụ Pidgin English.\ Ụdị akwụkwọ mmepe nke a na-amasị ndị na-eme nchọpụta ugbu a dị ka ihe nke abụọ na-enye ozi gbasara ọnọdụ obodo n'oge ahụ; ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ozuzu nwere ike inwe mmasị n'ịma mma nke otu e si jiri asụsụ Bekee pụrụ iche mee ihe n'ụzọ Okike, yana akụkọ ya gbanwere agbanwe n'ụzọ na-atọ ụtọ. == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * Kurt Thometz, ed., ''Life Turns Man Up and Down: High Life, Useful Advice, and Mad English'', New York, Pantheon, 2001 - mbipụta ihe onyonyo doro anya nke obere akwụkwọ ndị aọpụtara n'Onitsha Market Literature == Njikọ mpụga == * Akwụkwọ Mmemme Ahịa Onitsha (Onitsha Market Literature), ku.edu. Ihe Ndị Ozi Ndị Ọzọ Metụtara Ya. Akwụkwọ ndepụta ihe edere gbasara akwụkwọ mmemme ahịa Naịjirịa: akụkụ nke abụọ., ku.edu. Akwụkwọ Mmemme Ahịa Onitsha (Onitsha Market Literature), indiana.edu. Ihe Ebube nke Akwụkwọ Mmemme Ahịa Onitsha, nigeriafirst.org. {{Nigeria topics}} 0hftuy3jj0az5toxfx51j0b16c0gxfh 0 77422 728223 687548 2026-09-26T14:18:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|National park in Sudan}} {{Infobox protected area | name = Dinder National Park | alt_name = | iucn_category = II | image = DinderNationalPark Sudan.svg | image_alt = Dinder National Park map | image_caption = Dinder National Park boundaries. | image_size = | map = Sudan | map_alt = Location in Sudan | map_caption = | map_width = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coords|12.29|N|35.48|E|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|10000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | established = 1935 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = | url = | child = | module = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 7 January 2005 | designation1_number = 1461<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinder National Park |website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1461|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} '''Ogige Ntụrụndụ Dinder''' bụ Ogige ntụrụndụ mba ebe nchekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Sudan]], ma jikọta ya na Ogige Ntụ Alitash nke [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]].<ref name="NatGeo2016" /> == Ebe == Dinder dị ihe dị ka kilomita 400 (mile 250) n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Khartoum, n'akụkụ abụọ nke Osimiri Dinder nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu site n'akụkụ Osimiri Rahad.<ref name="vanhoven" /> Obodo Dinder (93 kilomita (58 mi) n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ) na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọnụ ụzọ maka ndị njem nleta chọrọ ịbanye n'ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.overlandinthesun.com/lions-in-sudan-dinder-national-park/|title=Dinder National Park|accessdate=2013-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222516/http://www.overlandinthesun.com/lions-in-sudan-dinder-national-park/|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref> == Akụkọ ie mere eme == Ebe obibi Dinder jupụtara nke ukwuu mgbe ndị Yuropu gara ya na mbụ na 1861. N'afọ 1880, n'oge Agha Mahdist na ụnwụ nri, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ kwụsịrị. Alfred Harrison hụrụ naanị ihe ndị mmadụ bi na ya na 1925.<ref name="vanhoven">{{Cite journal|author=van Hoven, Wouter|title=Recovering from conflict: the case of Dinder and other national parks in Sudan|journal=Parks|year=2004|volume=14|issue=1|pages=26–33|url=https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/14_1.pdf|accessdate=22 August 2013|issn=0960-233X}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFvan_Hoven,_WouterMutasim_B._Nimir2004">van Hoven, Wouter; Mutasim B. Nimir (2004). </cite></ref>E guzobere Dinder dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ na 1935 mgbe Mgbakọ London nke 1933 gasịrị ma kpọọ ya na 1979 dị ka onye otu World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Na 1983, a gbatịkwuru ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ruo kilomita 2,630 (1,020 sq mi) n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. <ref name="vanhoven" /> == Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi == Ogige Ntụrụndụ Dinder dị mkpa na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ọ na-ada na gburugburu ebe dị n'etiti mpaghara Sahel na Highlands nke Etiopia. O nwere usoro okike atọ dị iche iche: * [[osimiri]] - mpagharaụ simiri * ọhịa * ''Maya'' (Ọdọ mmiri oxbow). Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ nwere ụdị 27 nke nnukwu anụ na-enye nwa ara dịka agụ owuru, cheetah, ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 160, ụdị azụ 32, na obere anụ na-enyara nwa ara, ụsụ, anụ na-akpụ akpụ, na anụ na-ebi n'ala. Ọ dị n'okporo ụzọ nnụnụ na-agagharị n'etiti Eurasia na Africa. E nwekwara ọtụtụ nnụnụ North Africa bi n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ. Ogige Ntụrụndụ Dinder nwere [[Odúm|ọdụm]] dị mma. <ref name="NatGeo2016">{{Cite news|author=Howard, B.|title=Once Thought Extinct, 'Lost' Group of Lions Discovered in Africa|publisher=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/02/160202-ethiopia-sudan-lost-lions-alatash-national-park-dinder/|date=2016|accessdate=2016-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202215815/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/02/160202-ethiopia-sudan-lost-lions-alatash-national-park-dinder/|archive-date=2016-02-02|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHoward,_B.2016">Howard, B. (2016). </cite></ref> <ref name="New Scientist2016">{{Cite news|publisher=New Scientist|title=Hidden population of up to 200 lions found in remote Ethiopia|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2075740-hidden-population-of-up-to-200-lions-found-in-remote-ethiopia/|date=2016|accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="BBC2016">{{Cite news|title=Lions rediscovered in Ethiopia's Alatash National Park|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35460573|date=2016|accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref> === Egwu === Okike gburugburu ebe obibi nke ogige ahụ na-eyi egwu site na mmegide sitere n'aka ndị na-azụ ehi bụ ndị a na-achụpụ site na ala ịta nri ọdịnala ha site na mgbasawanye nke ọrụ ugbo, site na isi ihe kpatara mmụba nke ndị bi na mpaghara. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-azụ anụ, gụnyere tiang, Roan, waterbuck na reebuck, nọ n'okpuru nrụgide ọzọ ka ala na-abụghị ogige ntụrụndụ nke ha na-agafe agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ala ugbo. Ọnụ ọgụgụ egwuregwu n'etiti 1971 na 2001 egosila mbelata dị egwu n'ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke waterbuck na-ada site na 85%, reedbuck site na 72%, na oribi site na 68%. E kpochapụrụ ụdị ndị ọzọ na Dinder ebe ọ bụ na e bipụtara ya, gụnyere enyí ọhịa Africa, anụ ọhịa ojii, Enyí mmiri, Torha hartebeest, giraffe Nubian, gazelle Soemmerring, na Agụ iyi Naịl.<ref name="vanhoven"/> Ogige Ntụrụndụ Dinder abụwo ebe obibi maka nkịta ịchụ nta (''Lycaon pictus''), mana nkịta a nọ n'ihe ize ndụ belatara na mpaghara a.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993 "Painted Hunting Dog: ''Lycaon pictus''", GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993 |date=2010 }}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} dgzkwcev041txr97qh4uxhej0hu1xb0 0 79272 728218 708771 2026-09-26T13:57:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728218 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Campaignbox Boko Haram insurgency}}N'abalị nke 5-6 n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2014, ndị agha Boko Haram wakporo Obodo ejima nke Gamboru na Ngala na Borno Steeti, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria. E gburu ihe dị ka mmadụ 310 bi na Mgbukpọ ahụ were awa iri na abụọ, e bibiri obodo ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu.<ref name="hp">{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/07/boko-haram-attack_n_5279662.html|title=Boko Haram Attack Kills Hundreds In Border Town|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=7 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/08/1044481|title=Terrorism survivor in Cameroon takes road to recovery: UN News special report|date=2019-08-19|work=UN News|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-05}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> N'otu abalị ahụ, Boko Haram tọọrọ ụmụ agbọghọ asatọ dị n'agbata afọ 12 na 15 site n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa, ọnụ ọgụgụ e mesịrị mee ka ọ bụrụ iri na otu. == Ndabere == Gamboru Ngala nabatara ndị nche, nke hapụrụ obodo ahụ tupu mwakpo ahụ ịchụ ndị na-eme ntọ ụmụ akwụkwọ Chibok.<ref name="rian">{{Cite web|url=http://ria.ru/world/20140507/1006874094.html|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|language=Russian|accessdate=7 May 2014|date=7 May 2014}}</ref> A na-ewere steeti Borno dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka Boko Haram.<ref name="rian" /> Dị ka onye omeiwu Naijiria [[Ahmed Zanna]] na ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya si kwuo, ndị uwe ojii hapụrụ Gamboru Ngala mgbe ndị agha Boko Haram gbasara asịrị na a hụla ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ a tọọrọ n'ebe ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27323094|title=Nigeria confirms market massacre blamed on Boko Haram|work=BBC News|date=8 May 2014|accessdate=10 May 2014}}</ref> == Mgbukpọ == N'iji AK-47 na RPG, ndị agha ahụ wakporo obodo ahụ na ụgbọ agha abụọ, ndị e zuru n'aka [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Ndị agha Naijiria]] ọtụtụ ọnwa tupu mgbe ahụ.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/world/africa/islamist-militants-kill-hundreds-in-northeastern-nigeria.html?_r=0|title=Islamist Militants Kill Hundreds of Civilians in Northeastern Nigeria|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Adam Nossiter|date=7 May 2014|accessdate=10 May 2014}}</ref> Ndị agha ahụ gbara ndị mmadụ égbè n'ahịa na-ekwo ekwo nke na-emeghe n'abalị mgbe okpomọkụ jụrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/official-many-killed-in-attack-on-nigerian-town/2014/05/07/07033b46-d5eb-11e3-8f7d-7786660fff7c_story.html|title=Nigerian official: Hundreds killed in attack|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=7 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508112404/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/official-many-killed-in-attack-on-nigerian-town/2014/05/07/07033b46-d5eb-11e3-8f7d-7786660fff7c_story.html|archive-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ha gbara ụlọ ọkụ, ndị agha ahụ gbagburu ndị bi na ya na-anwa ịgbapụ n'ọkụ ahụ.<ref name="hp" /> Na mbụ, e kwupụtara na mmadụ narị abụọ nwụrụ na 7 n'ọnwa Mee. Ma Zanna ma Waziri Hassan, bụ́ onye bi n'ógbè ahụ, kọrọ na opekata mpe mmadụ narị atọ na iri atọ na isii nwụrụ. <ref name="nyt" /> == Edensibia == <references> <ref name="hp" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="rian" /> <ref name="nyt" /> </references> elh4kstmu0ftk6lecbv6qd5h9txnu14 0 79334 728217 709012 2026-09-26T13:53:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Campaignbox Algeria 2002-present}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  Ogbugbu e gburu ndị njem nleta French na Mauritania na 2007 mere na 24 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2007. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm|title=4 French tourists killed in Mauritania|work=ABC News|date=24 December 2007|accessdate=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227060411/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/25/2127112.htm|archive-date=27 December 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwakpo ahụ mere na nso Aleg, 250 kilomita n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke isi obodo Nouakchott.<ref name="Mickolus2014">{{Cite book|author=Mickolus|first=Edward|title=Terrorism, 2008-2012: A Worldwide Chronology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H60zAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA310|date=March 3, 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-1467-0|pages=310–}}</ref>&nbsp; E gburu anọ n'ime ha, nke ise ahụ wee merụọ ya ahụ nke ukwuu. Otu onye lanarịrị; ndị ahụ nwụrụ anwụ bụ ụmụ ya nwoke abụọ toro eto, nwanne ya nwoke, na otu enyi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mauritania arrests three more suspects in French tourists' murder|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hVaUEdvQQVR7qkFLWW9vvJ9UJVvA|publisher=AFP|date=December 29, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520115301/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hVaUEdvQQVR7qkFLWW9vvJ9UJVvA|archivedate=May 20, 2011}}</ref> Ndị ọchịchị Mauritania jidere mmadụ itoolu n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 7, afọ 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/07/africa/AF-GEN-Mauritania-Tourists-Killed.php|title=Mauritania detains 9 people in French tourists' deaths|publisher=Iht.com|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> Ndị uwe ojii nwetara égbè mwakpo site n'ebe dị nso n'ebe ogbugbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=1.0.1721499501|title=Mauritania: Three arrested over slaying of French tourists - Adnkronos Security|publisher=Adnkronos.com|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref> Minista nke ime obodo Mauritania boro ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ụta maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22389184|title=Mauritania blames killings on terrorist cell|work=NBC News|date=24 December 2007|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref> Ndị ọchịchị na-ekwu na ndị a na-enyo enyo bụ ndị otu ndị na-emebiga ihe ókè nke jikọtara ya na al-Qaida.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mauritanian Suspects in French Tourist Killings Linked to al-Qaida|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-12-25-voa24.cfm|publisher=Voice of America|date=December 25, 2007|accessdate=January 8, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228093500/http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-12-25-voa24.cfm|archivedate=December 28, 2007}}</ref> Otu n'ime ndị a na-enyo enyo e jidere na Jenụwarị, Sidi Ould Sidna, gbapụrụ n'aka ndị uwe ojii n'ọnwa Eprel mana e jidere ya ọzọ n'ọnwa ahụ kwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mauritania Police Arrest Suspect in Killing of French Tourists|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-04/2008-04-10-voa52.cfm|publisher=Voice of America|date=April 10, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081117064247/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-04/2008-04-10-voa52.cfm|archivedate=November 17, 2008}}</ref> Sidna zụrụ na otu Al-Qaeda na Maghreb, nke gosipụtara na Sidna nwere njikọ na nzukọ ha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/magazine/15Africa-t.html?pagewanted=3&_r=1|title=The Saharan Conundrum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 February 2009|accessdate=6 October 2014|author=Schmidle|first=Nicholas}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, ụlọ ikpe Mauritania mara ndị ikom atọ na-azọrọ na ha bụ "ndị agha nke Al-Qaeda", Sidi Ould Sidna, Mohamed Ould Chabarnou, na Maarouf Ould Haiba, ikpe ọnwụ maka mwakpo ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Al Qaeda-affiliated tourist killers sentenced to death|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20100525-al-qaeda-affiliated-french-tourist-killers-get-death-sentences|publisher=France 24|date=May 25, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527122013/http://www.france24.com/en/20100525-al-qaeda-affiliated-french-tourist-killers-get-death-sentences|archivedate=May 27, 2010}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  ioxmfyvy2rrk15d6rx0fff1d254qv82 0 79359 728377 723669 2026-09-27T02:08:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728377 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Shahana Goswami''' (amụrụ na 6 Mee 1986) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri India. A maara ya maka ọrụ nkwado ya na ihe nkiri egwu Rock On!! (2008), nke meriri ya ihe nrite Filmfare Critics Award maka Best Actress. A họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress maka ihe ngosi ya na Firaaq (2009). O mechara pụta ìhè na ihe nkiri dịka Heroine na Midnight's Children (ha abụọ bụ 2012) yana usoro ihe nkiri A Suitable Boy (2020). Kemgbe ahụ, Goswami ewerela ọrụ ndu na ihe nkiri onwe onye Zwigato (2023) na Santosh (2024), nke ikpeazụ nwetara ya ihe nrite Asian Film Award maka Best Actress. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Shahana Goswami na 6 Mee 1986.<ref name="midday">{{Cite news|title=Shahana Goswami: Interesting facts and candid photos of the Rock On!! actress|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/photo/shahana-goswami-the-rock-on-actress-is-a-trained-athlete-and-dancer-16732/9|work=Mid-Day|date=6 May 2019|accessdate=14 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Age is just a number: Shahana Goswami|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/age-is-just-a-number-shahana-goswami/story-0zQPFr7MiLCwNBNiCxOqIO.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=16 March 2009|accessdate=14 May 2025|quote=Shahana Goswami is only 22.}}</ref> na New Delhi, India.<ref name="midday" /> Ọ bụ ada nke ọkachamara akụnụba na onye edemede India bụ Omkar Goswami.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Sardar Patel Vidyalaya na New Delhi, Sophia College sochiri ya na Mumbai.<ref name="midday" /> Ọ pụtara nke ọma n'ọtụtụ egwuregwu mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, gụnyere ịrị ugwu mgbidi aka, egwuregwu, badminton, basketball, na volleyball. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ụlọ.<ref name="midday" /> <ref name="midday" /> Ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri mgbe ọ bụ nwata nwanyị, wee kwaga Mumbai ka ọ gụchaa ọzụzụ ịgba egwu ya yana ileba anya n'ihe ndị nwere ike ime dịka ọrụ ya.<ref name="midday" /> == Ọrụ == Goswami malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ihe nkiri na otu Jaimini Pathak, nke a na-akpọ Working Title, dịka onye enyemaka mmepụta ihe. O mechara mee ihe ngosi n'elu ikpo okwu na ihe nkiri ha nke The Seagull na Arabian Nights. <ref name="midday" /> <ref name="deccanherald">{{Cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/13914/powerhouse-talent.html|title=Shahana Goswami interview|work=Deccan Herald|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref> Onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke chọpụtara ọrụ ya na ''Yun Hota Toh Kya Hota'' tụrụ aro ya ma ọ nyochara maka ọrụ ndu na Percept Picture Company's ''Ru Ba Ru'' (2008), nke Arjun Bali duziri, na Randeep Hooda dị ka onye ya na ya so. Nke a bụ mgbe ọ ka nọ na kọleji na-agwụcha akwụkwọ ya.<ref name="screenindia">{{Cite news|url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/meet-the-glittering-and-stylish-screen-divas-who-ruled-2008/411152/|title=Shahana Goswami interview|publisher=Screen India|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=16 January 2009|archive-date=24 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124173418/http://www.screenindia.com/news/Meet-the-glittering-and-stylish-Screen-divas-who-ruled-2008/411152/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="midday" /> Ndị enyi ya Shaanu Sharma na Simran, ndị nọ n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe nkiri maka ''Rock On!!''n'oge ahụ, ọ tụụrụ onye nduzi, Abhishek Kapoor aha ya. Ọ gara nyocha ihe nkiri ahụ wee nweta nnukwu ohere ya n'ọkwa Debbie. Mgbe ewepụtachara ihe nkiri ahụ na 2008, ihe ngosi ya mere ka o nweta ihe nrite Filmfare Best Actress (Critics). <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Shahana-Goswami-of-Rock-On-and-her-future-imagegallery-bollywood-jdwmSfjgejc.html?html=5|title=Shahana Goswami interview|work=[[Sify]]|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref> Ọ pụtara na vidiyo egwu maka Dido's Let's Do the Things We Normally Do dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọala tagzi na Mumbai. Ọ bụ Siddharth Sikand sere vidio ahụ.<ref name="deccanherald" /> Ọ pụtakwara na Ihe nkiri Firaaq, Jashnn, Mirch, Break Ke Baad na Tera Kya Hoga Johnny.<ref name="midday" /> N'afọ 2011, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali Game na ihe nkiri dike, ''Ra.Otu''.<ref name="midday" /> Ọrụ mba ụwa mbụ Goswami rụrụ bụ Deepa Mehta's Midnight's Children (2013), nke e si na akwụkwọ akụkọ Salman Rushdie's Booker Prize nweta.<ref name="midday" /> Ọ bụ nwanyị na-eduzi na Vara: A Blessing nke Khyentse Norbu duziri, nke a gbara na Sri Lanka. Ọ natara onyinye Eshia maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma maka arụmọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref name="midday" /> [[Faịlụ:FICA_2016.jpg|thumb|Goswami na Rubayat Hossain (onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nduzi) - N'okpuru Construction - Festival des Cinémas d'Asie - Vesoul 2016]] N'afọ 2016, ọ rụgharịrị ọrụ ya dị ka Debbie na ''Rock On II'', ma mesịa pụta n'afọ ahụ na ihe nkiri Bengali mbụ ya, Under Construction . <ref name="midday" /> N'afọ 2016, a tụbara ya n'otu n'ime ọrụ ndị isi na ''Tu Hai Mera Sunday'', nke nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-05|title=Tu Hai Mera Sunday Movie review: This Barun Sobti, Shahana Goswami film is just what you can relate to|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-tu-hai-mera-sunday-movie-review-this-barun-sobti-shahana-goswami-film-is-just-what-you-can-relate-to-883538/|accessdate=2023-10-05|work=Financialexpress|language=en}}</ref> Isusu ọnụ na ihe nkiri ya na onye ya na ya na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Barun Sobti mere ka ọ bụrụ isi akụkọ na mgbasa ozi.<ref name="midday" /> Goswami pụtara na usoro Netflix nke 2020 ''Bombay Begums'' nke Alankrita Shrivastava duziri, nke Pooja Bhatt, Amruta Subhash, Plabita Borthakur, na Aadhya Anand gosipụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 July 2020|first=Shweta|author=Keshri|title=Netflix's Bombay Begums starring Pooja Bhatt deals with desire, ethics and vulnerabilities|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/netflix-s-bahu-begums-starring-pooja-bhatt-deals-with-desire-ethics-and-vulnerabilities-1701235-2020-07-16|accessdate=9 February 2021|work=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Ọ pụtara na ''Zwigato'' nke Nandita Das duziri. E debere ya na Bhubaneswar, Odisha, ọ gosipụtara Kapil Sharma dị ka onye na-ebubata nri na Goswami dị ka nwunye ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kapil Sharma to play food delivery rider in Nandita Das' next film|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/kapil-sharma-joins-nandita-das-to-play-food-delivery-rider-in-her-next-film-370730}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na Toronto International Film Festival na Septemba 2023. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Chhabra|first=Aseem|date=2022-09-22|title='I don't have the desire to change my image,' says Nandita Das after Zwigato's TIFF première|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nandita-das-new-film-zwigato-kapil-sharma-shahana-goswami-director-india-toronto-international-film-festival-tiff-premiere/article65913161.ece|accessdate=2023-10-05}}</ref> N'afọ 2024, Goswami pụtara na ọrụ dị ka Sridevi na usoro ihe nkiri TV nke Australia Four Years Later na SBS Television <ref name="sbs2024">{{Cite news|author=Low|first=Lenny Ann|date=26 September 2024|title=Could your marriage survive if you were apart for four years?|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/tv-and-radio/could-your-marriage-survive-if-you-were-apart-for-four-years-20240918-p5kbo4.html|accessdate=29 September 2024|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en-AU}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Asụsụ !Ihe edeturu ! class="unsortable" |Ref. |- | rowspan="1" |2006 |''Yun Hota Toh Kya Hota'' |Ịkwụ ụgwọ |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="1" |2007 |''Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd.'' |Gina |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 |''Rock On!!'' |Debbie Mascarenhas |Hindi | | |- |''Ru Ba Ru'' |Tara Mishra |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |''Firaaq'' |Munira |Hindi | | |- |''Jashnn'' |Nisha |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="3" |2010 |''Mirch'' |Ruchi |Hindi | | |- |''Kụwaa Ke Baad'' |Nadia |Hindi | | |- |''Tera Kya Hoga Johnny'' |Divya |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Egwuregwu'' |Tisha Khanna |Hindi | | |- |''Ra.Otu'' |Jenny Nayar |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Ụmụaka nke etiti abalị'' |Amina |Bekee | | |- |''Onye dike'' |Nkwa Roy |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |''Ogwe osisi: Ngọzi'' |Lila |Bekee | | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Rock On 2'' |Debbie Mascarenhas |Hindi | | |- |''Ike nke Ikpeazụ'' |Maya |Bekee | | |- |''N'okpuru Iwu'' |Roya |Bengali |Ihe nkiri Bangladesh | |- |''Tu Hai Mera Sunday'' |Kavya |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="1" |2018 |''Gali Guleiyan'' |Saira |Hindi | | |- |2019 |''Emere na Bangladesh'' |Nasima |Bengali |Ihe nkiri Bangladesh | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Zwigato'' |Pratima |Hindi | | |- |''Neeyat'' |Lisa, enyi nwanyị AK |Hindi | | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Santosh'' |Santosh Saini |Hindi | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/09/santosh-sandhya-suris-oscars-uk-best-international-feature-2024-1236098151/|title=Oscars: UK Selects Sandhya Suri's 'Santosh' As Best International Feature Submission|first=Zac|author=Ntim|date=25 September 2024|accessdate=25 September 2024|work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|language=en}}</ref> |- |''Ihe e zigara'' |Akpa Shweta |Hindi | |} [[Faịlụ:Shahana_Goswami_-_Festival_des_Cinémas_d'Asie_-_Vesoul_2016.jpg|thumb|Shahana Goswami - Emume ihe nkiri nke Eshia - Vesoul 2016]] === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu !Ref. |- |2020 |<nowiki><i id="mwAcY">Nwa nwoke kwesịrị ekwesị</i></nowiki> |Meenakshi Chatterji Mehra | | |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |''Bombay Begums'' |Fatima Warsi | | |- |''Oge Ikpeazụ'' |Lipika Bora | | |- |2022 |<nowiki><i id="mwAd0">Hush Hush</i></nowiki> |Zaira | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-22|title=Hush Hush Review: Juhi Chawla, Soha Ali Khan and co's thriller suffers from lacklustre performances|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/hush-hush-review-juhi-chawla-soha-ali-khan-and-cos-thriller-suffers-from-lacklustre-performances-1191507|accessdate=2023-10-05|work=PINKVILLA|language=en|archivedate=21 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221000812/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/hush-hush-review-juhi-chawla-soha-ali-khan-and-cos-thriller-suffers-from-lacklustre-performances-1191507}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Afọ anọ Ka E mesịrị'' |Sridevi |SBS |<ref name="sbs2024" /> |} == Onyinye == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ihe nrite !Nsonaazụ ! class="unsortable" |Ref. |- | rowspan="7" align="center" |2009 | rowspan="7" align="center" |''Rock On!!'' | rowspan="7" align="center" |Debbie |Filmfare Award maka Best Actress (Ndị nkatọ) | {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodtrends.net/2009/02/filmfare-awards-2009-jodhaa-akbar-wins.html|title=Winners of Filmfare Awards 2009|publisher=Bollywood Trends|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=1 March 2009}}</ref> |- |Star Screen Award maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/winners-of-star-screen-awards-2009_100142476.html|title=Winners of Star Screen Awards 2009|publisher=The Indian|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=14 January 2009|archive-date=25 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325045447/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/winners-of-star-screen-awards-2009_100142476.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Onyinye ọla edo nke ọdụm maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma| {{Won}} | |- |Ihe nrite Cineblitz maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma| {{Won}} | |- |Ihe nrite IIFA maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.desiblitz.com/content/iifa-awards-2009-nominees|title=Nominees for IIFA Awards 2009|publisher=Desi Blitz|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=30 April 2009}}</ref> |- |Ihe nrite Stardust maka arụmọrụ dị elu - Nwanyị| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/filmfare-awards-nominations-2008-2009|title=Nominees for Filmfare Awards 2009|publisher=Indicine|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=14 February 2009}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Ihe nrite Filmfare maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://i69.in/bollywood/stardust-awards-2009-nominations.php|title=Nominees for Stardust Awards 2009|publisher=i69|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=16 February 2009|archive-date=21 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421211053/http://i69.in/bollywood/stardust-awards-2009-nominations.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" align="center" |2010 | rowspan="4" align="center" |''Firaaq'' | rowspan="4" align="center" |Muneera| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dearcinema.com/news/kaminey-bags-maximum-nominations-at-55th-filmfare-awards/3933|title=Nominees for Filmfare Awards 2010|publisher=Dear Cinema|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=12 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531013438/http://dearcinema.com/news/kaminey-bags-maximum-nominations-at-55th-filmfare-awards/3933|archive-date=31 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Star Screen Award maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmicafe.com/news_detail.php?news_id=13172|title=Nominees for Star Screen Awards 2010|publisher=Filmi Cafe|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=30 December 2009}}</ref> |- |Ihe nrite Stardust maka arụmọrụ dị elu - Nwanyị| {{Won}} | |- |Onyinye ọla edo nke ọdụm maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma| {{Won}} | |- | rowspan="1" align="center" |2011 | rowspan="1" align="center" |''Kụwaa Ke Baad'' | rowspan="1" align="center" |Nadia |Ihe nrite Jeeyo Bollywood maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma| {{Nom}} | |- | align="center" |2016 | align="center" |''N'okpuru Iwu'' | align="center" |Roya |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma, Islantilla Film Festival - Spain| {{Won}} | |- | align="center" |2024 | align="center" |''Zwigato'' |Pratima Mahto |Filmfare Critics Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nominations for the 69th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2024 with Gujarat Tourism: Full list out|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-69th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2024-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-63822.html|accessdate=15 January 2024|work=Filmfare|date=15 January 2024|language=en}}</ref> |- | align="center" |2025 | align="center" |''Santosh'' |Santosh Saini |Ihe nrite ihe nkiri Eshia maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brzeski|first=Patrick|date=March 16, 2025|title=Asian Film Awards: 'All We Imagine as Light' Wins Best Picture, Yoshida Daihachi Takes Best Director for 'Teki Cometh'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/asian-film-awards-2025-winners-list-1236162661/|accessdate=March 22, 2025|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Shahana Goswami}} * {{IMDb name}} * Shahana GoswaminaDNA India * Shahana GoswaminaBollywood Hungama {{Navboxes|title=Awards for Shahana Goswami|list={{Asian Film Award for Best Actress}} {{FilmfareCriticsAwardBestActress}} {{ScreenAwardBestSupportingActress}}}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Goswami, Shahana}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ata3ftiaj5x6hl811vbf0saeng861cc 0 79361 728236 709107 2026-09-26T14:56:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728236 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Malite na Jenụwarị 2024, ọtụtụ n'ime [[Zambia]] malitere inwe [[ụkọ mmiri]] ozuzo na-aga n'ihu, nke a na-ewere dị ka nke kachasị njọ na mba ahụ na ọ dịkarịa ala afọ iri abụọ, na-eduga na ụkọ nri siri ike, ụkọ mmiri, na nkwupụta mberede mba.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-03-01|title=Zambia: President Hichilema Declares Drought As A National Disaster and Emergency|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2024/03/01/president-hichilema-declares-drought-as-a-national-disaster-and-emergency/|accessdate=2024-04-06|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oké ọkọchị ahụ na-emetụta 84 n'ime mpaghara 116 gafee mpaghara Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Lusaka, Northwestern, Southern, na Western. N'ịbụ nke El Niño kpatara, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọrụ ugbo, mmiri, na nchekwa nri, na-emetụta ihe karịrị otu nde ụmụaka na ezinụlọ gafee mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZAMBIA Briefing note Drought|url=https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240315_ACAPS_briefing_note_drought_in_Zambia.pdf}}</ref> Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na nchekwa nri nke Zambia na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ọrụ ugbo mmiri ozuzo, na-eme ka mba ahụ bụrụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta. Oge mmiri ozuzo nke 2023-2024 hụrụ mmetụta nke El Niño, na-eduga na mbelata mmiri ozuzo na mmalite nke ọnọdụ oke ọkọchị, nke na-aga n'ihu ruo taa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RAINFALL FORECAST 2023/2024 SEASON|url=https://www.mgee.gov.zm/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Seasonal-Rainfall-Forecast-for-the-20232024-Season.pdf#:~:text=The%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20climate%20phenomenon%2C%20characterized%20by%20above-average,condition%20typically%20results%20in%20reduced%20rainfall%20in%20Zambia.}}</ref> Na 29 Febụwarị 2024, Onye isi ala Hakainde Hichilema kwupụtara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ dị ka Ọdachi mba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Zambia declares national disaster after drought devastates agriculture|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/zambia-declares-national-disaster-after-drought-devastates-agriculture|accessdate=2024-04-05|work=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-29|title=Fresh from a deadly cholera outbreak, Zambia declares drought a national emergency|url=https://apnews.com/article/drought-national-disaster-emergency-electricity-4cc6a2105f4641efe17e10a5b75f78a5|accessdate=2024-04-06|work=AP News|language=en}}</ref> == Nzaghachi gọọmentị na ntinye aka == Na 7 Maachị 2024, Zambia National Service tinyere usoro iji belata mmetụta ya. Ihe pụrụ iche bụ na ZNS amalitela ịkụ ọka n'oge oyi na Chanyanya Farms ha dị na mpaghara Kafue, na-eme atụmatụ ịkọ ọka hekta 1,978 ka ọ na-erule Julaị 2024[1][2], a na-atụ anya na mkpụrụ ga-eru tọn metric 15,000 ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha nke atọ.[3][4] Ọzọkwa, a gwara ndị agha Zambia na ndị agha ikuku Zambia ka ha jiri mmiri dị n'ime na gburugburu ugbo Copperbelt na North Western ha maka mmepụta ọka site na ịgba mmiri mmiri. == Mmetụta na inye ọkụ eletrik == N'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, Zambia, nke na-adabere na ike eletrik mmiri, na-eche nnukwu ihe ịma aka ihu. Onye isi nchịkwa ZESCO Victor Mapani kwupụtara mmejuputa nke 8 awa kwa ụbọchị, nke malitere na Machị 11, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-03-08|title=Zambia: ZESCO Announces 8-Hour Daily Load Shedding Starting March 11, 2024|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2024/03/08/zesco-announces-8-hour-daily-load-shedding-starting-march-11-2024/|accessdate=2024-04-06|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mkpebi a na-abịa mgbe nyocha zuru oke nke ọkwa mmiri na [[Kafue Flats|Kafue]] na Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-03-31|title=ZESCO implements staggered load shedding in Lsk|url=https://diggers.news/business/2024/03/31/zesco-implements-staggered-load-shedding-in-lsk/|accessdate=2024-04-06|work=Zambia: News Diggers!|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke awa nke ibu na-agbapụ kwa ụbọchị mụbara ruo awa 12 na Mee 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-24|title=Govt finally announces 12-hour load shedding schedule|url=https://diggers.news/business/2024/05/24/govt-finally-announces-12-hour-load-shedding-schedule/|accessdate=2024-07-26|work=Zambia: News Diggers!|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=conservezim|date=2024-05-25|title=Zambia’s Load Shedding Extended To 12-Hours Owing To Water Shortage -|url=https://www.conservezim.com/2024/05/25/zambias-load-shedding-extended-to-12-hours-owing-to-water-shortage/|accessdate=2024-07-26|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621214351/https://www.conservezim.com/2024/05/25/zambias-load-shedding-extended-to-12-hours-owing-to-water-shortage/|archive-date=2024-06-21|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-21|title=Zesco increases load-shedding to 12 hours|url=https://diggers.news/business/2024/05/21/zesco-increases-load-shedding-to-12-hours/|accessdate=2024-07-26|work=Zambia: News Diggers!|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * 2023-2024 Ihe omume El Niño * [[Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Zambia|Mgbanwe ihu igwe na Zambia]]  == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  07os8zh440ld9v1y5d226q0bcetio0b 0 79413 728375 726042 2026-09-27T02:04:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728375 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Kazi Sharmin Nahid Nupur''' (Bengali: কাজী শারমিন নাহিদ নূপুর; amụrụ na 17 Disemba afọ 1979), <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwfq="">Shabnur to return with 'Pagol Manush'<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2018/01/07/shabnur-return-pagol-manush&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;work&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Dhaka</nowiki> Tribune<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;7 January 2018<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwA5M\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt83\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwA5Q\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2018/01/07/shabnur-return-pagol-manush\" id=\"mwA5U\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Shabnur to return with 'Pagol Manush'\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwA5c\">Dhaka Tribune</i></nowiki>. 7 January 2018.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-dhakatribune.2018.01.07_1-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Shabnur#cite_note-dhakatribune.2018.01.07-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> nke a maara site na aha ọgbọ ya bụ Shabnur, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ndị Bangladesh. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a na-akwụ ụgwọ kachasị elu na Bangladesh. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kacha ewu ewu n'afọ ndị 1990, ọ pụtara na ihe karịrị ihe nkiri otu narị na iri ise n'oge ọrụ afọ iri abụọ ya. Ọ pụtara na mbụ na ihe nkiri n'afọ 1993 na ihe nkiri ''Chandni Raatey,'' mana ọganihu ya bịara na ''Tumi Amar'' (1994), nke ya na Salman Shah mere. Nke a nyeere ya aka ịghọ ihe a ma ama n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ngwa ngwa ma mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na nnukwu ihe nkiri dịka Jibon Shongi, Shopner Thikana, Moner Majhe Tumi, Ananda Ashru.''[[Jibon Shongi]], Onye na-ere ahịa Thikana, Moner Majhe Tumi, Ananda Ashru.'' O meriri Bangladesh National Film Award maka Best Actress maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Dui Noyoner Alo'' (2005). <ref name="nfa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fdc.gov.bd/site/page/f3bb17fe-d9ad-4b61-bd8a-5824262691ad/১৯৭৫-২০১২|language=bn|publisher=Bangladesh Film Development Corporation|work=Government of Bangladesh|accessdate=19 June 2020}}</ref> == Ndabere == A mụrụ Kazi Sharmin Nahid Nupur na 17 Disemba afọ 1975 <ref name="dhakatribune.2018.01.07">{{Cite news|title=Shabnur to return with 'Pagol Manush'|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2018/01/07/shabnur-return-pagol-manush|work=Dhaka Tribune|date=7 January 2018}}</ref> na Navaron, Jessore, Bangladesh. Nna ya bụ Shahjahan Chowdhury. O nwere nwanne nwanyị na nwanne nwoke-Jhumur na Tamal.<ref name="nuton">{{Cite news|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/349577.details|accessdate=2020-12-18|date=2014-12-17|work=banglanews24.com|language=bn|title=Archive copy|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217105749/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/349577.details|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="mom">{{Cite news|url=http://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article722245.bdnews|author=Jayant Saha|work=সন্তান নিয়ে মার্চে ফিরছেন শাবনূর|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=30 December 2013|language=bn|accessdate=2015-07-03|title=Archive copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704192200/http://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article722245.bdnews|archive-date=2015-07-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Shabnur malitere ọrụ ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Shabbir na ihe nkiri afọ 1993 ''Chandni Raatey'', nke Ehtesham duziri. Ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Hridoy Amar na Amin Khan. O nwetara ọganihu ya na ihe nkiri ya nke atọ bụ ''Tumi Amar'', nke ya na Salman Shah mere n'afọ 1994.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shabnur: Leading lady of Dhaka tinseltown|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/12/23/d612231401115.htm|work=The Daily Star|date=2006-12-23|accessdate=2020-12-17|archive-date=2015-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205111711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/12/23/d612231401115.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shabnur sooro Salman mee ihe nkiri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1996. O mechara soro Omar Sunny, Ryaz, Ferdous Ahmed, na Shakib Khan, na ndị ọzọ mee ihe nkiri.<ref name="ekjon">{{Cite news|url=http://www.priyo.com/2014/10/14/112606.html|work=Priyo|date=2014-10-14|language=bn|accessdate=2015-07-03}}</ref> Mgbe ezumike otu afọ gasịrị, e wepụtara ihe nkiri abụọ, ''Bhalobasha Saint Martin-e'' na ''Attogopon'', na Shabnur n'afọ 2012.<ref name="queen">{{Cite news|date=2012-06-05|title=The Queen of Dhaliwood returns|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-236977|accessdate=2020-12-18|work=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, o mere ihe nkiri na ''Kichhu Asha Kicchu Bhalobasha'' . <ref name="nuton" /> Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gachara, Shabnur ga-apụta na ihe nkiri abụọ tupu mmepụta n'afọ 2024, ''Rangana'', ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke Arafat Hossain duziri, na ''Matal Hawa'', ihe nkiri nke Chayanika Chowdhury duziri.<ref name="daily-sun.rangana.2023.12.30">{{Cite news|date=2023-12-30|title=Shabnur in new film 'Rangana'|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/728185|accessdate=2024-01-06|work=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]]|language=en|archive-date=2024-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106033431/https://www.daily-sun.com/post/728185|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="businesspostbd.2023.12.18">{{Cite news|url=https://businesspostbd.com/entertainment/shabnoor-set-to-make-a-comeback-with-matal-hawa|title=Shabnoor set to make a comeback with 'Matal Hawa'|date=18 December 2023|work=Business Post|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref> == Ndụ nke onwe == Shabnur kwere Anik Mahmud, onye ọchụnta ego, nkwa ọlụlụ na 6 Disemba afọ 2011 ha wee lụọ na 28 Disemba afọ 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shabnur finally introduces her husband|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/entertainment/Shabnur-finally-introduces-her-husband|accessdate=2020-12-18|work=Prothom Alo|language=en}}</ref><ref name="wedding">{{Cite news|url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/entertainment/article/91873/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF|work=Prothom Alo|date=6 December 2013|language=bn|accessdate=2015-07-03|title=Archive copy|archive-date=2014-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119114409/http://www.prothom-alo.com/entertainment/article/91873/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMTJfMDRfMTNfMV85XzFfOTA0NTI=|work=The Daily Ittefaq|date=30 November 2013|language=bn}}</ref> Di na nwunye a gbara alụkwaghịm na 26 Jenụwarị afọ 2020 n'ihi nsogbu ndakọrịta.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-03-04|url=http://www.tbsnews.net/bangla/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=The Business Standard|language=bn}}</ref> Ha abụọ nwere otu nwa nwoke. <ref name="mom" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Shabnur returns home|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/entertainment/Shabnur-returns-home|accessdate=2020-12-18|work=Prothom Alo|language=en|date=2014-10-16}}</ref> Shabnur guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ, Sydney International School, na Baridhara, Dhaka n'afọ 2011.<ref name="queen" /> Ọ bi na Sydney, Australia . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Shabnur wants her son become cricketer|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/shabnur-wants-her-son-become-cricketer|accessdate=2020-12-18|work=Prothom Alo|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa amaala Australia kemgbe afọ 2012.<ref name="nuton" /> == Mmetụta ya na ogbugbu Salman Shah == Some members of Salman Shah’s family publicly claimed that he had been murdered, naming several people as suspects, including Shabnur.   However, these were personal beliefs, not legal findings. As Salman Shah and Shabnur were a popular on-screen duo and many fans speculated that they were in a personal relationship, rumours began to circulate about Shabnur.   == Ihe nrite == N'afọ 2004, Shabnur ritere Ihe nrite Bachsas maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri Bou Shashurir Juddho [bn].<ref name="Afsar-2004">{{Cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/06/28/d406281402119.htm|title=32nd BACHSAS Awards: A glitzy night: Recognition of outstanding media talents|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=16 November 2022|archive-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818150357/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/06/28/d406281402119.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> O meriri ihe nrite Bangladesh National Film Award maka Best Actress n'afọ 2006 n'ihi ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Dui Noyoner Alo'' (2005), <ref name="nfa" /> ma merie Meril Prothom Alo Awards maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma ugboro iri. <ref name="queen" /> N'afọ 2011, ọ natara CJFB Performance Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri afọ 2010 Ebhabei Bhalobasha Hoy . <ref>{{Cite news|title=CJFB Performance Award held yesterday|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/61767.details|accessdate=15 May 2020|publisher=[[Banglanews24.com]]|language=bn|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717085505/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/61767.details|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta ihe nkiri nke Shabnur ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! scope="col" |Onye nduzi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- |1993 |''Chandni Raatey'' |Pinki |Ehtesham |<ref name="ekjon" /> |- | rowspan="4" |1994 |''Tumi Amar'' |Dana |Jahirul Haque | |- |''Sujon Sokhi'' |Sokhi |Shah Alam | |- |''Bikkhov'' |Nupur |Mohammad Hannan | |- |''Ashami Bodhu'' | |Shah Alam Kiron | |- | rowspan="3" |1995 |''Onye na-ere ahịa Thikana'' |Sumi |M Ka Khalek | |- |''Moha Milon'' |Sathi |Dilip Som | |- |''Moumasi'' |Nuri | | |- | rowspan="7" |1996 |''Bichar Hobe'' |Aleya |Shah Alam Kiran | |- |''Tomake Chai'' |Nadi |Nnupụisi Rahman | |- |''Onye na-azụ ahịa Prithibi'' |Noor |Badol Khondokar | |- |''Jibon Songsar'' |Akpụkpọ anụ |Jakir Hossen | |- |''Chawa Theke Pawa'' |Shabnam |M M Sarkar | |- |''Onye mbido Ohongkar'' | | | |- |''Bazigaar'' |Alo | | |- | rowspan="7" |1997 |''Onye na-ere ahịa Nayok'' |Anna |Nasir Ahmed | |- |''Prem Piyashi'' |Antora |Reza Hasmat | |- |''Anondo Osru'' |Dola |Shibli Sadique | |- |''Buker Bhitor Agun'' |Rishita |Chatku Ahmed | |- |''Manena m'' |Nadi |Nnupụisi Rahman | |- |''Tumi shudhu Tumi'' | |Abid Hasan | |- |''Odhikar Chai'' | | | |- | rowspan="6" |1998 |''Bhalobasi Tomake'' |Kajol |Mohammad Hannan | |- |''Buk Bhara Bhalobasa'' | |Chhotku Ahmend | |- |''Prithibi Tomar Amar'' | |Badal Khondoker | |- |''Rongin Noyon Moni'' |Moni | | |- |''Biyer Phul'' |Nadi |Nnupụisi Rahman | |- |''Kajer Meye'' |Nadi |Azadi Hasnat | |- | rowspan="5" |1999 |''Ke Oporadi'' |Shima | | |- |''Modhur Milon'' |Modhu | | |- |''Were Janno Pagol'' | |Shilpi Chakraborti | |- |''Sobar Ojante'' | | | |- |''Bhulo Na Amay'' | | | |- | rowspan="11" |2000 |''Asha Amar Asha'' |Asha |Helal Khan | |- |''Shesh Thikana'' | |Nnupụisi Rahman | |- |''Jamin Nai'' | | | |- |''Narir Mon'' | |Nnupụisi Rahman | |- |''E Badhon Jabena Chhire'' |Badhon |F I Manik | |- |''Bhownkor Bishu'' |Alo | | |- |''Golam'' | | | |- |''Ei Mon Chai M..!'' |Sangeeta |Nnupụisi Rahman | |- |''Karishma'' | |A. K. M. Selim | |- |''Eri Nan Dosti'' | |Syeedur Rahman | |- |''Nishwashe Tumi Bishwashe'' | |Jakir Hossain Raju | |- | rowspan="4" |2001 |''Shoshurbari Zindabad'' |Prema |Biswas ndị na-emebi ihe | |- |''Hridoyer Bandhon'' |Sagorika |F I Manik | |- |''Milon Habe Kato Dine'' |Onye na-eme njem |Jakir Hossain Raju | |- |''Bostir Meye'' | |Azadi Hasnat Firoz | |- | rowspan="6" |2002 |''Bhalobasha Kare Koy'' | |Jakir Hossain Raju|| {{Won}}—Best Actor BFPDA Film Awards |- |''Gundar Prem'' | |Badsha Bhai |A tọhapụrụ ya ọzọ dị ka ''Kala Manik'' na 2005 |- |''M'' |Moni |Mustafizur Rahman Manik | |- |''Onye mbido Taj Mahal'' |Liza (Alo) |Gazi Mahbub |Onye mmeri, abụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2002, Ei Buke Boiche Jamuna |- |''Nachnewali'' | |Zillur Rahman | |- |''Ful Nebo Na Osro Nibo'' | |Zillur Rahman | |- | rowspan="3" |2003 |''Matir Phul'' |Phul |Nnupụisi Rahman | |- |''Nashiman'' |Nashiman |Ali Azad | |- |''Onye na-agbanwe Bashor'' |Nodi |F I Manik | |- | rowspan="7" |2004 |''Onye na-agbanwe agbanwe Bhalobasa'' | |Zillur Rahman | |- |''[[Bhaier Shotru Bhai (2004 film)|Bhaier Shotru Bhai]]'' | |Montazur Rahman Akbar | |- |''Prem Shonghat'' | |Zillur Rahman | |- |''Hridoy Sudhu Tomar Jonno'' | |Zillur Rahman | |- |''Nri Nri Nnu'' | |Zillur Rahman | |- |''Bini Sutar Mala'' | |Zillur Rahman | |- |''Bachelor'' |Shamma |Mostofa Sarwar Farooki | |- | rowspan="5" |2005 |''Bhalobasa Bhalobase'' |Chhobi |Mohammad Hannan | |- |''Amar Swapno Tumi'' |Khushi |Mizan | |- |''Molla Barir Bou'' |Ịkwurịta Okwu |Salahuddin Lavlu | |- |''Dhakaiya Pola Borishaler Maya'' | |Mizan | |- |''Somadhi'' | |Mizan | |- | rowspan="5" |2006 |''Nirontor'' | |Abu Sayeed | |- |''Dui Noyoner Alo'' | |Mustafizur Rahman Manik|| {{Won}}—National Film Awards Best Actress 2006 |- |''Bangla'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Language Movement: Lost in celluloid|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/14999/language-movement-lost-in-celluloid|accessdate=2025-11-17|work=Dhaka Tribune|language=en}}</ref> |- |''Mayer Morjada'' | |Dilip Biswas | |- |''Shami Strir Wada'' | |Dilip Biswas | |- | rowspan="3" |2007 |''Amar Praner Swami'' | |P Ka Kajol | |- |''Rosher Baidani'' | |P Ka Kajol | |- |''Ei M Ụwa'' | |Gazi Mazharul Anwar | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 |''Meye Sakkhi'' | | | |- |''Tomake Bou Banabo'' | |Shahadat Hossain Liton | |- | rowspan="11" |2009 |''Tumi Amar Shami'' | |Montazur Rahman Akbar | |- |''Jibon Niye Juddho'' | | | |- |''Tebụl E'' | |Abdul Mannan | |- |''Chander Moto Bou'' | |Mohammad Hossain Jamie | |- |''Bolbo Kotha Bashor Ghore'' | |Shah Mohammad Songram |<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hoek|first=Lotte|date=March 2012|title='Mofussil' Metropolis: Civil sites, uncivil cinema and provinciality in Dhaka city|journal=Ethnography|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.1177/1466138111431515}}</ref> |- |''Bodhu Tumi Kar'' | |B R Chowdhury | |- |''Ebadot'' | |ATM Shamsuzzaman | |- |''Swami Stirir Wada'' | |P Ka Kajol | |- |''Bhalobeshe Bou Anbo'' | |Chandan Chowdhury | |- |''M Chuyeche'' | |Mustafizur Rahman Manik | |- |''Ịgba égbè Jole Digun'' | |P Ka Kajol | |- | rowspan="4" |2010 |''Golapi Ekhon Bilatey'' | |Amjad Hossain | |- |''Jekhane Tumi Sekhane Ami'' | |Shawkat Jamil | |- |''Mughal-E-Azam'' | |Mizanur Rahman | |- |''Evabey Bhalobasha Taa'' | | | |- |2011 |''Ịhụnanya m Chokher Moni'' | |Mostafizur Rahman Manik | |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |''Attogopon'' | |M M Sarkar | |- |''Bhalobasha St. Martins na'' | |Shahidul Islam Khokon | |- |''Jiddi Bou'' | |Abul Kalam Azad | |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Shiri Farhad'' |Shiri |Gazi Mahbub | |- |''Kichu Asha Kichu Bhalobasha'' | |Mustafizur Rahman Manik | |- |2016 |''Onye na-ere ahịa Bidesh'' | |Nazrul Islam Khan |A na-ebipụtabeghị ya |- |2018 |''Pagol Manush'' | |MM Sarkar na Badiul Alam Khokon |<ref name="dhakatribune.2018.01.07" /> |} == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == *   * {{IMDb name|1959001}} * Shabnurna Bangla Movie Database (n'asụsụ Bengali) * ShabnurnaTomato rere ure {{Bangladesh National Film Award Best Actress}}{{Bachsas Award for Best Actress}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 40f3m9aiee3ji2ohf33y1cp4nddpuvj 0 80655 728445 720126 2026-09-27T09:22:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Cross-wiki spam}} '''Ulugʻbek Sultonov''' (onye amụrụ n'ubochị 22 na Ọktoba 1994) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Uzbekistan nke na-eje ozi dị ka Onye Nduzi nke Ngalaba Maka Nkwado Ndị Ndụpụta Żụv na Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ihe Ndị Żụv nke Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news |title= Mahalladagi yoshlar yetakchilari uchun o'quv-seminar |url=https://yoshlarportali.uz/oz/news/746|access-date=19 May 2025|agency=yoshlarportali.uz}}</ref> Na mbụ, Ulugʻbek Sultonov rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye Isi oche nke Ngalaba mpaghara Kashkadarya nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ihe Ndị Żụv nke Uzbekistan (2023–2024).<ref>{{cite news|title=Ёшлар ишлари агентлиги Қашқадарё вилояти бошқармасига янги раҳбар тайинланди|url=https://nasafnews.uz/tahliliy/1361-eshlar-ishlari-agentligi-ashadare-vilojati-bosharmasiga-jangi-rabar-tajinlandi.html|access-date=19 May 2025|agency=nasafnews.uz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007155651/https://nasafnews.uz/tahliliy/1361-eshlar-ishlari-agentligi-ashadare-vilojati-bosharmasiga-jangi-rabar-tajinlandi.html|archive-date=7 October 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref> Onye isi ala Uzbekistan nyere ya ọtụtụ ntụrụndụ na onyinye gọọmentị. [[File:Official_portrait_of_Ulug‘bek_Sultonov.jpg|thumb|250px|Kattaxonova n'afọ 2025]] ==Ọrụ== Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ nweta nzere bachelọ n'Mahadum Karshi State Technical na 2017. Site na 2018 ruo 2019, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi Ngalaba na-ahazi ọrụ nke otu dị iche iche na Kashkadarya Regional Council nke Uzbekistan Youth Union. Na 2020, a họpụtara ya dị ka Onye Isi oche nke otu ụmụaka Kamalak.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title= «Ёшлар ойлиги» тадбирлари бўйича матбуот анжумани |url=https://uza.uz/uz/posts/yeshlar-oyligi-tadbirlari-b-yicha-matbuot-anzhumani--05-06-2020 |access-date=19 May 2025|agency=uza.uz}}</ref> Site na 2023 ruo 2024, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye Isi oche nke Ngalaba mpaghara Kashkadarya nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ihe Ndị Żụv nke Uzbekistan. Site na 2025, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Onye Nduzi nke Centa Maka Nkwado Ndị Ndụpụta Żụv nke Uzbekistan. Centa a na-eme mmemme ezubere iji bulie nkà nke ndị ndụpụta żụv na-arụ ọrụ na usoro iwu żụv n'ihe karịrị agbata obi (mahalla) 9,000 na Republic of Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news |title= Yoshlar ittifoqi 380 nafar qashqadaryolik talabaning bir milliard so'mdan ortiq to'lov-shartnoma pulini to'lab berdi |url=https://daryo.uz/2019/04/23/yoshlar-ittifoqi-380-nafar-qashqadaryolik-talabaning-bir-milliard-somdan-ortiq-tolov-shartnoma-pulini-tolab-berdi |access-date=19 May 2025|agency=daryo.uz}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Акмал Саидов қашқадарёлик ёш ижодкорлар билан учрашди |url=http://pravacheloveka.uz/uz/news/m11171|access-date=19 May 2025|agency=pravacheloveka.uz/}}</ref> N'ihi atụmatụ ya, a rụrụ mmemme dị ka «Inclusive Uzbekistan», «Iqtidor», «Qashqadaryolik», na «Ibrat Farzandlari Forum» n'akụkụ niile nke Uzbekistan. N'ubochị 25 na Ọktoba 2023, n'oge nzukọ gbasara mpaghara Kashkadarya nke Onye isi ala Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, duziri, ya na onye isi ala kparịtara ụka. O nwetara mmecha nke ọma na nkuzi njikwa maka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị e tinyere na National Personnel Reserve na Academy of Public Administration n'okpuru Onye isi ala Uzbekistan na 2024. ==Mmemme na Atụmatụ== N'ihi atụmatụ ya, a rụrụ mmemme dị ka «Inclusive Uzbekistan», «Iqtidor», na «Ibrat Farzandlari Forum» n'akụkụ niile nke Uzbekistan. Ewezuga ndị a, ọ haziri ogige dị iche iche n'obodo Tashkent iji zụọ ndị ndụpụta żụv si Uzbekistan niile. Ọzọkwa, ọ conducts oge mkparịta ụka kpọmkwem n'ọtụtụ mpaghara na Uzbekistan na nsonye nke ndị ndụpụta żụv nke usoro ahụ. Ọzọkwa, site n'atụmatụ ya, Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ihe Ndị Żụv haziri ogige «Iqtidor» maka ndị gụchara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ nlekọta ụmụaka na mpaghara Zomin nke Jizzakh na 2021. ==Onyinye== Gọọmentị Uzbekistan matara ọrụ Ulugʻbek Sultonov. A nyere Sultonov agụmakwụkwọ «Kamolot» e kere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkà na Uzbekistan na 2014–2015.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kamolot |first1=yoshlar ijtimoiy harakati |title="Kamolot" stipendiyasi bilan taqdirlash to'g'risida |journal=Barkamol avlod |date=2015 |issue=5 |pages=3}}</ref> Dị ka iwu nke Onye isi ala Uzbekistan si dị n'ubochị 10 na Ọktoba 2017, a nyere ya onyinye nkwanye ugwu steeti nke a kpọrọ «Afọ 25 nke Mba Uzbekistan». Dị ka iwu nke Onye isi ala Uzbekistan si dị n'ubochị 24 na Mee 2021, a nyere ya onyinye steeti nke «Afọ 30 nke Onwe nke Uzbekistan». == Nkọwa Ndị Ederede == {{Reflist}} 8jpv0xtji0mfs64txgjc23unoj3duej 0 80735 728336 727376 2026-09-26T22:40:27Z SafariScribe 18560 /* */ ce 728336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN Main Gate Agbowo, Ibadan 2.jpg|thumb|right|350x350px|[[University of Ibadan|University of Ibadan, main gate]]]] This is a '''list of universities in Nigeria'''. [[Nigeria]] is [[Organizing|organised]] into [[States of Nigeria|36 states]] and the [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory]]. As a result of the oil boom years of the 1970s, the tertiary level of education was expanded to reach every sub-region of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adesola |first=Akin O. |date=1991 |title=The Nigerian University System: Meeting the Challenges of Growth in a Depressed Economy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3447131 |journal=Higher Education |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=121–133 |doi=10.1007/BF00132345 |jstor=3447131 |s2cid=143455642 |issn=0018-1560|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Freund |first=Bill |date=1978 |title=Oil Boom and Crisis in Contemporary Nigeria |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3997981 |journal=Review of African Political Economy |issue=13 |pages=91–100 |jstor=3997981 |issn=0305-6244}}</ref> The federal and state governments were previously the only bodies [[License|licensed]] to operate universities. Recently, licenses have been granted to individuals, corporate, and religious bodies to establish private universities in the country. The [[National Universities Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Universities Commission |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |language=en-CA}}</ref> (NUC) is the major accreditation and [[regulatory body]] that enforces uniform standard and sets admissions capacity of every Nigerian university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fme.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=82&Itemid=53|title=Departments – Tertiary|publisher=Ministry of Education (Nigeria)|access-date=2010-03-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723180148/http://www.fme.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=82&Itemid=53|archive-date=2011-07-23}}</ref> ==Federal institutions== <!-- sorted alphabetically --> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" !Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Universities |publisher=[[National Universities Commission]] |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nigerian-univerisities/federal-univeristies/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |language=en-CA}}</ref> !State !Abbreviation !Location !Funding !Founded |--valign="top" |[[African Aviation and Aerospace University]]||[[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)| Abuja]]. ||AAAU|| [[Abuja (city) |Abuja]]|| Federal|| 2022 |- valign="top" |[[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University]]||[[Bauchi State|Bauchi]].||ATBU||[[Bauchi (city)|Bauchi]]||Federal||1980 |- valign="top" |[[Adeyemi College of Education|Adeyemi Federal University of Education]] |[[Ondo State|Ondo]] |AFUED |[[Ondo State|Ondo]] |Federal |1964 |- valign="top" |[[Admiralty University of Nigeria|Admiralty University Ibusa]] |[[Delta State|Delta]] |ADUN |[[Ibusa]] |Federal |2023 |--valign="top" |[[Ahmadu Bello University]]||[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Governor of Kaduna State |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/}}</ref>||ABU||[[Zaria]]||Federal||1962 |- valign="top" |[[Air Force Institute of Technology (Nigeria)|Air Force Institute of Technology]] |[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]] |AFIT |[[Kaduna]] |Federal |2018 |--valign="top" |[[Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo]]||[[Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]]||AE-FUNAI||[[Ikwo]]||Federal||2011 |- valign="top" |[[Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education|Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education]] |[[Imo State|Imo]] |AIFUE |[[Owerri]] |Federal |2023 |--valign="top" |[[Bayero University]]||[[Kano State|Kano]]||BUK||[[Kano (city)|Kano]]||Federal||1977 |-- valign="top" |[[Federal University, Birnin Kebbi|Federal University Birnin Kebbi]]||[[Kebbi State|Kebbi]]||FUBK||[[Birnin Kebbi]]||Federal||2013 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University Dutse]]||[[Jigawa State|Jigawa]]||FUD||[[Dutse]]||Federal||2011 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University, Dutsin-Ma|Federal University Dutsin-Ma]]||[[Katsina State|Katsina]]||FUDM||[[Dutsin-Ma]]||Federal||2011 |-- valign="top" |[[Federal University Gashua]]||[[Yobe State|Yobe]]||FUGASHUA||[[Gashua]]||Federal||2013 |-- valign="top" |[[Federal University Gusau]]||[[Zamfara State|Zamfara]]||FUGUS||[[Gusau]]||Federal||2013 |-- valign="top" |[[Federal University Kashere]]||[[Gombe State|Gombe]]||FUK||[[Kashere]]||Federal||2011 |-- valign="top" |[[Federal University, Lokoja|Federal University Lokoja]]||[[Kogi State|Kogi]]||FUL||[[Lokoja]]||Federal||2011 |-- valign="top" |[[Federal University of Lafia|Federal University Lafia]]||[[Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]]||FULAFIA||[[Lafia]]||Federal||2010 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||FUNAAB||[[Abeokuta]]||Federal||1988 |-- valign="top" |[[Federal University of Agriculture, Mubi|Federal University of Agriculture, Mubi]]||[[Adamawa State|Adamawa]]||FUAMB||[[Mubi (town)|Mubi]]||Federal||1978 |- valign="top" |[[Federal University of Agriculture, Zuru]] |[[Kebbi State|Kebbi]] |FUAZ |[[Zuru]] |Federal |2020 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University of Applied Sciences Kachia]]||[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]||FUASK||[[Kachia]]||Federal||2025 |- valign="top" |[[Federal University of Education, Pankshin|Federal University of Education, Pankshi]]<nowiki/>n |[[Plateau State|Plateau]] |FUEP |[[Pankshin]] |Federal |2024 |- valign="top" |[[Federal College of Education, Zaria|Federal University of Education, Zaria]] |[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]] |FUEZ |[[Zaria]] |Federal |2023 |- valign="top" |[[Federal University of Health Sciences, Azare]] |[[Bauchi State|Bauchi]] |FUHSA |[[Azare]] |Federal |2021 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun|Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||FUPRE||[[Effurun]]||Federal||2007 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University of Technology Akure]]||[[Ondo State|Ondo]]||FUTA||[[Akure]]||Federal||1981 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University of Technology Ikot Abasi]]||[[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]]||FUTIA||[[Ikot Abasi]]||Federal||1921 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University of Technology Minna]]||[[Niger State|Niger]]||FUTMIN||[[Minna]]||Federal||1983 |- |[[Federal University of Technology Owerri]]||[[Imo State|Imo]]||FUTO||[[Owerri]]||Federal||1981 |- valign="top" |[[Federal University of Transportation, Daura]] |[[Katsina State|Katsina]] |FUTD |[[Daura]] |Federal |2023 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University, Otuoke|Federal University Otuoke]]||[[Bayelsa State|Bayelsa]]||FUO||[[Otuoke]]||Federal||2011 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University Oye-Ekiti]]||[[Ekiti State|Ekiti]]||FUOYE||[[Oye, Ekiti|Oye-Ekiti]]||Federal||2011 |--valign="top" |[[Federal University, Wukari|Federal University Wukari]]||[[Taraba State|Taraba]]||FUW||[[Wukari]]||Federal||2011 |- valign="top" |[[University of Agriculture, Makurdi|Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University]] |[[Benue State|Benue]] |JOSTUM |[[Makurdi]] |Federal |1988 |--valign="top" |[[Michael Okpara University of Agriculture|Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike]]||[[Abia State|Abia]]||MOUAU||[[Umudike]]||Federal||1992 |--valign="top" |[[Modibbo Adama Federal University of Technology, Yola|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]||[[Adamawa State|Adamawa]]||MAU||[[Yola, Adamawa|Yola]]||Federal||1981 |--valign="top" |[[National Open University of Nigeria]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||NOUN||[[Victoria Island, Lagos|Victoria Island]]||Federal||1983 |- valign="top" |[[Nigeria Police Academy Wudil|Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil]] |[[Kano State|Kano]] |NPA |[[Wudil]] |Federal |1988 |- valign="top" |[[Nigerian Army University Biu|Nigerian Army University, Biu]] |[[Borno State|Borno]] |NAUB |[[Biu, Nigeria|Biu]] |Federal |2018 |- valign="top" |[[Nigerian Defence Academy|Nigerian Defense Academy]] |[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]] |NDA |[[Kaduna]] |Federal |1964 |- valign="top" |[[Nigeria Maritime University|Nigerian Maritime University]] |[[Delta State|Delta]] |NMU |Okerenkoko |Federal |2018 |--valign="top" |[[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]]||[[Anambra State|Anambra]]||UNIZIK||[[Awka]]||Federal||1992 |--valign="top" |[[Obafemi Awolowo University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||OAU||[[Ile Ife]]||Federal||1961 |- valign="top" |[[Tai Solarin University of Education|Tai Solarin Federal University of Education]] |[[Ogun State|Ogun]] |TASFUED |[[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu-Ode]] |Federal |2005 |--valign="top" |[[University of Abuja]]||[[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory]]||UNIABUJA||[[Gwagwalada]]||Federal||1988 |--valign="top" |[[University of Benin (Nigeria)|University of Benin]]||[[Edo State|Edo]]||UNIBEN||[[Benin City]]||Federal||1970 |--valign="top" |[[University of Calabar]]||[[Cross River State|Cross River]]||UNICAL||[[Calabar]]||Federal||1975 |--valign="top" |[[University of Ibadan]]||[[Oyo State|Oyo]]||UI||[[Ibadan]]||Federal||1948 |--valign="top" |[[University of Ilorin]]||[[Kwara State|Kwara]]||UNILORIN||[[Ilorin]]||Federal||1975 |--valign="top" |[[University of Jos]]||[[Plateau State|Plateau]]||UNIJOS||[[Jos]]||Federal||1971 |--valign="top" |[[University of Lagos]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||UNILAG||[[Akoka]]||Federal||1962 |--valign="top" |[[University of Maiduguri]]||[[Borno State|Borno]]||UNIMAID||[[Maiduguri]]||Federal||1975 |--valign="top" |[[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]]||[[Enugu State|Enugu]]||UNN||[[Nsukka]]||Federal||1955 |--valign="top" |[[University of Port Harcourt]]||[[Rivers State|Rivers]]||UNIPORT||[[Port Harcourt]]||Federal||1975 |--valign="top" |[[University of Uyo]]||[[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]]||UNIUYO||[[Uyo]]||Federal||1991 |--valign="top" |[[Usmanu Danfodiyo University]]||[[Sokoto State|Sokoto]]||UDUS||[[Sokoto (city)|Sokoto]]||Federal||1975 |- valign="top" |[[Federal College of Education, Kano|Yusuf Maitama Sule Federal University of Education, Kano]] |[[Kano State|Kano]] |YMSFUEK |[[Kano (city)|Kano]] |Federal |2024 |} {{Cleanup list|section|date=August 2023}} ==State institutions== <!-- sorted alphabetically --> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" !Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Universities {{!}} National Universities Commision |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nigerian-univerisities/state-univerisity/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |language=en-CA}}</ref> !State !Abbreviation !Location !Funding !Founded |--valign="top" |[[Abdulkadir Kure University]]||[[Niger State|Niger]]||AKUM||[[Minna]]||State||2023 |--valign="top" |[[Abia State University]]||[[Abia State|Abia]]||ABSU||[[Uturu]]||State||1981 |- valign="top" |[[Abiola Ajimobi Technical University]] |[[Oyo State|Oyo]] |TECH-U |[[Ibadan]] |State |2012 |--valign="top" |[[Adamawa State University]]||[[Adamawa State|Adamawa]]||ADSU||[[Mubi (town)|Mubi]]||State||2002 |--valign="top" |[[Adekunle Ajasin University]]||[[Ondo State|Ondo]]||AAUA||[[Akungba Akoko|Akungba-Akoko]]||State||1999 |--valign="top" |[[Akwa Ibom State University]] (formerly Akwa Ibom State University of Science and Technology)||[[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]]||AKSU||[[Uyo]]||State||2010 |--valign="top" |[[Kano University of Science and Technology|Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology]]||[[Kano State|Kano]]||ADUSTECH||[[Wudil]]||State||2001 |--valign="top" |[[Ambrose Alli University]]||[[Edo State|Edo]]||AAU||[[Ekpoma]]||State||1981 |--valign="top" |[[Bauchi State University]]||[[Bauchi State|Bauchi]]||BASUG||[[Gadau]]||State||2012 |--valign="top" |[[Bayelsa Medical University]]||[[Bayelsa State|Bayelsa]]||BMU||[[Yenagoa]]||State||2018 |--valign="top" |[[Benue State University]]||[[Benue State|Benue]]||BSU||[[Makurdi]]||State||1992 |--valign="top" |[[Borno State University]]||[[Borno State|Borno]]||BOSU||[[Maiduguri]]||State||2016 |--valign="top" |[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] (formerly Anambra State University)||[[Anambra State|Anambra]]||ANSU||[[Uli, Anambra|Uli]]||State||2000 |-- valign="top" |[[Delta State University, Abraka]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||DELSU||[[Abraka]]||State||1992 |-- valign="top" |[[Delta State University of Science and Technology]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||DSPZ||[[Ozoro]]||State||2021 |-- valign="top" |[[Dennis Osadebay University]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||DOU||[[Asaba]]||State||2021 |-- valign="top" |[[Ebonyi State University]]||[[Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]]||EBSU||[[Abakaliki]]||State||1996 |- |[[Edo State University, Uzairue]]||[[Edo State|Edo]]||EDSU||[[Iyamho]]||State||2016 |-- valign="top" |[[Ekiti State University]]||[[Ekiti State|Ekiti]]||EKSU||[[Ado Ekiti]]||State||1981 (has used current name since 2011) |- valign="top" |[[Emmanuel Alayande College of Education|Emmanuel Ayande University of Education]] |[[Oyo State|Oyo]] |EAUEDOYO |[[Oyo, Oyo State|Oyo]] |State |2021 |-- valign="top" |[[Enugu State University of Science and Technology]] (formerly Anambra State University of Technology)||[[Enugu State|Enugu]]||ESUT||[[Enugu, Enugu State|Enugu]]||State||1979 |- |[[Gombe State University]]||[[Gombe State|Gombe]]||GSU||[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]]||State||2004 |- |[[Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo|Gombe State University of Science and Technology]]||[[Gombe State|Gombe]]||GSUST||[[Kumo, Nigeria|Kumo]]||State||2017 |-- valign="top" |[[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University]]||[[Niger State|Niger]]||IBBUL||[[Lapai]]||State||2005 |-- valign="top" |[[Ignatius Ajuru University of Education]]||[[Rivers State|Rivers]]||IAUE||[[Port Harcourt]]||State||1971 (not a university until 2009) |-- valign="top" |[[Imo State University]]||[[Imo State|Imo]]||IMSU||[[Owerri]]||State||1981. Ko madiwe university( ideato south) |-- valign="top" |[[Kaduna State University]]||[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]||KASU||[[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]||State||2004 |-- valign="top" |[[Kebbi State University of Science and Technology]]||[[Kebbi State|Kebbi]]||KSUSTA||[[Aliero]]||State||2006 |- valign="top" |[[Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University]] |[[Imo State|Imo]] |KOMU |[[Ideato South]] |State |2016 |-- valign="top" |[[Kwara State University]]||[[Kwara State|Kwara]]||KWASU||[[Malete]]||State||2009 |-- valign="top" |[[Prince Abubakar Audu University]]||[[Kogi State|Kogi]]||PAAU||[[Anyigba]]||State||1999 |-- valign="top" |[[Ladoke Akintola University of Technology]]||[[Oyo State|Oyo]]||LAUTECH||[[Ogbomoso]]||State||1990 |-- valign="top" |[[Lagos State University]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||LASU||[[Ojo, Lagos|Ojo]]||State||1983 |-- valign="top" |[[Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education|Lagos State University of Education]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||LASUED||[[Ijanikin]]||State|| 1958 (not a university until 2022) |-- valign="top" |[[Lagos State University of Science and Technology]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||LASUST||[[Ikorodu]]||State|| 1977 (not a university until 2021) |-- valign="top" |[[Nasarawa State University]]||[[Nassarawa State|Nasarawa]]||NSUK||[[Keffi]]||State||2001 |-- valign="top" |[[Niger Delta University]]||[[Bayelsa State|Bayelsa]]||NDU||[[Amassoma]]||State||2000 |-- valign="top" |[[Olabisi Onabanjo University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||OOU||[[Ago-Iwoye]]||State||1982 |-- valign="top" |[[Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology]]||[[Ondo State|Ondo]]||OAUST||[[Okitipupa]]||State||2008 |-- valign="top" |[[Osun State University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||UNIOSUN||[[Osogbo]]||State||2006 |-- valign="top" |[[Plateau State University]]||[[Plateau State|Plateau]]||PLASU||[[Bokkos]]||State||2005 |-- valign="top" |[[Rivers State University]]||[[Rivers State|Rivers]]||RIVSU||[[Port Harcourt]]||State||1972 (not a university until 1980) |-- valign="top" |[[Sule Lamido University]]||[[Jigawa State|Jigawa]]||SLU||[[Kafin-Hausa]]||State||2013 |-- valign="top" |[[Taraba State University]]||[[Taraba State|Taraba]]||TSU||[[Jalingo]]||State||2011 |-- valign="top" |[[Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]]||[[Katsina State|Katsina]]||UMYU||[[Katsina (city)|Katsina]]||State||2006 |--valign="top" |[[University of Cross River State]] (formerly Cross River University of Technology)||[[Cross River State|Cross River]]||UNICROSS |Ekpo-Abasi, [[Calabar]]||State||2002 |--valign="top" |[[Sokoto State University]]||[[Sokoto State|Sokoto]]||SSU||[[Sokoto (city)|Sokoto]]||State||2009 |--valign="top" |[[University of Delta]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||UNIDEL||[[Agbor]]||State||2021 |-- valign="top" |[[Bukar Abba Ibrahim University|Yobe State University]] |[[Yobe State|Yobe]]||YSU||[[Damaturu]]||State||2006 |--valign="top" |[[Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano|Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano]]||[[Kano State|Kano]]||YUMSUK||[[Kano (city)|Kano]]||State||2012 |--valign="top" |[[Zamfara State University]]||[[Zamfara State|Zamfara]]||ZSU||[[Talata Mafara]]||State||2018 |- |} {{Cleanup list|section|date=August 2023}} ==Uniformed institutions== <!-- sorted alphabetically --> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" !Name !State !Abbreviation !Location !Funding !Founded |--valign="top" |[[Air Force Institute of Technology (Nigeria)|Nigeria Airforce University]]||[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]||AFIT||[[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]||Military||1977 (not a university until 2018) |--valign="top" |[[Nigeria Maritime University]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||NMU||[[Warri]]||Military||2018 |--valign="top" |[[Nigeria Police Academy Wudil]]||[[Kano State|Kano]]||POLAC||[[Wudil]]||Police||2013 |--valign="top" |[[Nigerian Army University Biu]]||[[Borno State|Borno]]||NUAB||[[Biu, Nigeria|Biu]]||Military||2018 |--valign="top" |[[Nigerian Defence Academy]]||[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]||NDA||[[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]||Military||1964 |- |} {{Cleanup list|section|date=August 2023}} ==Private institutions== <!---♦♦♦ Only add a university to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" !Name !State !Abbreviation !Location !Funding !Founded |--valign="top" |[[Achievers University]]||[[Ondo State|Ondo]]||AC||[[Owo]]||Private||2007 |--valign="top" |[[Adeleke University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||AUE||[[Ede, Osun|Ede]]||Private||2010 |--valign="top" |[[Afe Babalola University]]||[[Ekiti State|Ekiti]]||ABUAD||[[Ado-Ekiti]]||Private||2009 |--valign="top" |[[African University of Science and Technology]]||[[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory]]||AUST||[[Abuja]]||Private||2007 |--valign="top" |[[Ahman Pategi University, Patigi|Ahman Pategi University]]||[[Kwara State|Kwara]]||APU||[[Pategi]]||Private||2021 |--valign="top" |[[Ajayi Crowther University]]||[[Oyo State|Oyo]]||ACU||[[Oyo, Nigeria|Oyo]]||Private||2005{{Ref|1|(Note 1)}} |--valign="top" |[[Al-Ansar University Maiduguri]]||[[Borno State|Borno]]||AUM||[[Maiduguri]]||Private||2020 |--valign="top" |[[Al-Hikmah University]]||[[Kwara State|Kwara]]||AHU||[[Ilorin]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Al-Qalam University]]||[[Katsina State|Katsina]]||AUK||[[Katsina (city)|Katsina]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[American University of Nigeria]]||[[Adamawa State|Adamawa]]||AUN||[[Yola, Nigeria|Yola]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Anchor University]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||-||[[Ayobo, Lagos|Ayobo]]||Private||2014 |--valign="top" |[[Arthur Jarvis University]]||[[Cross River State|Cross River]]||AJU||[[Akpabuyo]]||Private||2016 |--valign="top" |[[Ave Maria University]]||[[Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]]||AMU||[[Piyanko]]||Private||2021 |--valign="top" |[[Babcock University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||BU||[[Ilishan-Remo]]||Private||1959 (not a university until 1999) |--valign="top" |[[Baze University]]||[[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory]]||BAZE||[[Abuja]]||Private||2011 |--valign="top" |[[Bells University of Technology]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||BUT||[[Ota, Nigeria|Ota]]||Private||2004 |--valign="top" |[[Benson Idahosa University]]||[[Edo]]||BIU||[[Benin City]]||Private||2002 |--valign="top" |[[Bowen University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||BU||[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]]||Private||2001 |- valign="top" |[[Bingham University]] |[[Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |BHU |Karu |Private |2005 |--valign="top" |[[Caleb University]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||CUl||[[Ikorodu]]||Private||2008 |--valign="top" |[[Caritas University]]||[[Enugu State|Enugu]]|| ||[[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]||Private||2004<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caritas University Amorji-Nike Enugu |url=https://www.caritasuni.edu.ng/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=www.caritasuni.edu.ng}}</ref> |--valign="top" |[[CETEP City University]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||-||[[Yaba, Lagos|Yaba]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Chrisland University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||CLU||[[Abeokuta]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Christopher University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||-||[[Mowe, Nigeria|Mowe]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Clifford University]]||[[Abia State|Abia]] ||CLU||[[Owerrinta]]||Private||2016 |--valign="top" |[[Coal City University]]||[[Enugu State|Enugu]]||CCU||[[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]||Private||2016 |--valign="top" |[[Covenant University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||CU||[[Ota, Nigeria|Ota]]||Private||2002 |--valign="top" |[[Crawford University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||-||[[Igbesa]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Crescent University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||-||[[Abeokuta]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Dominican University Ibadan]]||[[Oyo State|Oyo]]||DUI||[[Ibadan]]||Private||2016 |--valign="top" |[[Edwin Clark University]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||ECU||[[Kiagbodo]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Elizade University]]||[[Ondo State|Ondo]]||EU||[[Ilara-Mokin]]||Private||2012 |--valign="top" |[[Evangel University, Okpoto|Evangel University, Akaeze]]||[[Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]]||EUA||Akaeze||Private||2012 |--valign="top" |[[Fountain University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||FUO||[[Osogbo]]||Private||2007 |--valign="top" |[[Godfrey Okoye University]]||[[Enugu State|Enugu]]||GOU||[[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]||Private||2009 |--valign="top" |[[Greenfield University]]||[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]||GFU||[[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]||Private||2019 |--valign="top" |[[Gregory University]]||[[Abia State|Abia]]||GUU||[[Uturu]]||Private||2012 |--valign="top" |[[Hallmark University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||-||[[Ijebu-Itele]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Hezekiah University]]||[[Imo State|Imo]]||-||[[Umudi]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Igbinedion University]]||[[Edo]]||IUO||[[Okada]]||Private||1999 |--valign="top" |[[Joseph Ayo Babalola University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]] || JABU||[[Ikeji-Arakeji]]||Private||2006 |--valign="top" |[[Khadija University]]||[[Jigawa]]||KUM||[[Majia]]||Private||2021 |--valign="top" |[[Kings University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||KU||[[Odeomu]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Koladaisi University]]||[[Oyo State|Oyo]]||KU||[[Ibadan]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Kwararafa University]]||[[Taraba State|Taraba]]||-||[[Wukari]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Landmark University]]||[[Kwara State|Kwara]]||LU||[[Omu-Aran]]||Private||2011 |--valign="top" |[[Lead City University]]||[[Oyo State|Oyo]]||LCU||[[Ibadan]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Madonna University, Nigeria|Madonna University]]||[[Rivers State|Rivers]]||-||[[Elele]]||Private||1999 |--valign="top" |[[McPherson University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||MCU||[[Seriki-Setayo]]||Private||2012 |--valign="top" |[[Mewar University]]||[[Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]]||-||[[Masaka, Nasarawa|Masaka]]|| Private||2021 |--valign="top" |[[Michael and Cecilia Ibru University]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||MCIU||[[Agbara-Otor]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Mountain Top University]]||[[Ogun State|Ogun]]||MTU||[[Makogi Oba]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Mudiame University]]||[[Edo State|Edo]]||-||[[Irrua]]||Private||2021 |- valign="top" |[[Nigerian University of Technology and Management]] |[[Lagos]] |NUTM |[[Apapa]] |Private |2019 |--valign="top" |[[Nile University of Nigeria]]||[[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory]]||NUN||[[Abuja]]||Private||2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Nile University |url=https://www.nileuniversity.edu.ng/history-of-nile-university/ |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=Nile University |language=en-US}}</ref> |--valign="top" |[[Nok University Kachia]]||[[Kaduna State|Kaduna]]||NUK||[[Kachia]]||Private (now Federal)||2021-2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=FG Converts Nok Varsity to Federal University of Applied Sciences|url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/fg-converts-nok-varsity-to-federal-university-of-applied-sciences/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=NUC |language=en-US}}</ref> |--valign="top" |[[Novena University]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||-||[[Ogume]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Obong University]]||[[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]]||-||[[Obong Ntak]]||Private||1997 (not a university until 2007) |--valign="top" |[[Oduduwa University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||OUI||[[Ipetumodu]]||Private||2009 |--valign="top" |[[PAMO University of Medical Sciences]]||[[Rivers State|Rivers]]||-||[[Port Harcourt]]||Private||2017 |--valign="top" |[[Pan-Atlantic University]]||[[Lagos State|Lagos]]||PAU||[[Lekki]]||Private||2002 |--valign="top" |[[Paul University]]||[[Anambra State|Anambra]]||-||[[Awka]]||Private||2009 |--valign="top" |[[Peaceland University]]||[[Enugu State|Enugu]]||PUE||[[Enugu State|Enugu]]||Private||2023 |--valign="top" |[[Precious Cornerstone University]]||[[Oyo State|Oyo]]||PCU||[[Ibadan]]||Private||2017 |--valign="top" |[[Redeemer's University Nigeria]]||[[Osun State|Osun]] ||RUN||[[Ede, Osun|Ede]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Renaissance University]]||[[Enugu State|Enugu]] ||-||[[Ugbawka]]||Private||2005 |--valign="top" |[[Rhema University]]||[[Abia State|Abia]] ||-||[[Aba, Nigeria|Aba]]||Private||2009 |--valign="top" |[[Ritman University]]||[[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]]||-||[[Ikot Ekpene]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Salem University]]||[[Kogi State|Kogi]]||-||[[Lokoja]]||Private||2007 |- valign="top" |[[Sam Maris University]]||[[Ondo State|Ondo]]||SMU||[[Supare Akoko|Supare]]||Private||2023 |--valign="top" |[[Samuel Adegboyega University]]||[[Edo State|Edo]]||SAU||[[Ogwa]]||Private||2011 |--valign="top" |[[Skyline University]]||[[Kano State|Kano]]||SUN||[[Kano (city)|Kano]]||Private||2018 |--valign="top" |[[Summit University, Offa|Summit University]]||[[Kwara State|Kwara]]||-||[[Offa]]||Private||2015 |--valign="top" |[[Veritas University]] (Catholic University of Nigeria) Abuja||[[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory]]||VUNA||[[Bwari]]||Private||2007 |--valign="top" |[[Wesley University]]||[[Ondo State|Ondo]]||WUO||[[Ondo Town|Ondo]]||Private||2007 |--valign="top" |[[Western Delta University]]||[[Delta State|Delta]]||WDU||[[Oghara]]||Private||2007 |--valign="top" |[[Westland University, Iwo|Westland University]]||[[Osun State|Osun]]||WUI||[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]]||Private||2019 |--valign="top" |[[University of Mkar]] (formerly called Hilltop University)||[[Benue State|Benue]]||-||[[Mkar]]||Private||2005 |- |[[James Hope University, Lagos]] |Lagos |JHU |Lekki |Private |2021 |- |[[Legacy University Okija]]||[[Anambra]]||-||[[Okija]]||Private||2019 |- |} <!---♦♦♦ Only add a university to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> ==See also== *[[List of colleges of education in Nigeria]] *[[List of polytechnics in Nigeria]] ==Notes== *{{Note|1|Note 1}} - Established in 1853 as a CMS Training Institution in Abeokuta prior to its relocation to Lagos from 1868 to 1896. It was retrospectively established at Oyo in March 1920. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nigerian-univerisities/private-univeristies/ List of private universities in Nigeria at NUC] * [https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nigerian-univerisities/state-univerisity/ List of state universities in Nigeria at NUC] * [https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nigerian-univerisities/federal-univeristies/ List of federal universities in Nigeria at NUC] * [https://cvcnigeria.org/member-universities/ Committee of Vice-Chancellors of Nigerian Universities] {{Universities in Nigeria}} {{Africa topic|List of universities in}} [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Africa|Nigeria]] [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Nigeria| ]] [[Category:Nigeria education-related lists|Universities]] [[Category:Universities and colleges in Nigeria|*]] [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Nigeria]] 7gmcp95lqt8med20mdsgl1ccf34lt8k 0 80736 728352 728177 2026-09-27T00:24:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 728352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|U.S. Virgin Islands nurse practitioner and academic administrator}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Safiya George | image = | office = 6th President of [[University of the Virgin Islands]] | term_start = August 1, 2024 | predecessor = [[David Hall (university administrator)|David Hall]] | birth_place = [[St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands]] | education = University of the Virgin Islands<br>[[Emory University]] }} '''Safiya George''' (na mbụ '''Dalmida''') bụ onye U.S. Virgin Islands, bụ onye ọrụ nọọsụ na onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ bụ ọkachamara na ahụike zuru oke, ime mmụọ, na HIV. Ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke University of Virgin Islands. George jere ozi dị ka onyeisi nke Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing na Florida Atlantic University site n'afọ 2019 ruo 2024. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://newsfeed.wtjx.org/podcast/wtjx-newsfeed/2024-06-24/incoming-uvi-president-safiya-george-plans-to-elevate-student-experience-build-faculty-capacity | title=Incoming UVI president Safiya George plans to elevate student experience, build faculty capacity }}</ref> == Ndụ == George nwetara akara ugo mmụta A.S. (1997) na B.S. (1999) na nọọsụ site na Mahadum nke Virgin Islands (University of the Virgin Islands).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Johnny |date=2024-02-09 |title=George Named Virgin Islands' Sixth President |url=https://www.diverseeducation.com/faculty-staff/article/15663927/george-named-virgin-islands-sixth-president |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=Diverse: Issues In Higher Education |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=George |first=Safiya |title=CV |url=https://cydi.ua.edu/uploads/4/6/5/1/46510435/safiya_cv.pdf |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=University of Alabama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215195513/https://cydi.ua.edu/uploads/4/6/5/1/46510435/safiya_cv.pdf |archive-date=2024-02-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> O mechara akara ugo mmụta M.S. (2001) na nọọsụ, ebe ọ tinyere úchú na HIV/AIDS na oncology, Ph.D. (2006) na nnyocha nọọsụ, na asambodo (2006) na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị (women studies) site na Mahadum Emory.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2024 |title=Dr. Safiya George Named UVI's Sixth President |url=https://www.uvi.edu/news/2024/24_031_dr_safiya_george_named_uvi_sixth_president.html |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.uvi.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Isiokwu edemede ya bụ, ''Mmekọrịta n'etiti Mmụọ, Ịda mbà n'obi, Ọnọdụ Ahụ́ Ike, na Ndụ Dị Mma nke Ụmụ Nwanyị Nwere HIV''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite thesis |last=George |first=Safiya |title=Relationships Among Spirituality, Depression, Immune Status, and Health-related Quality of Life in Women with HIV |date=2006 |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=Emory University}}</ref> [[Marcia McDonnell Holstad]] bụ onye ndụmọdụ doctorati ya.<ref name=":4" /> George mere mmemme postdoctoral na okpukperechi na ahụike na Mahadum Duke n'afọ 2007.<ref name=":1" /> George bụ nọọsụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike zuru oke, ime mmụọ, na HIV.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=Dr. Safiya George, Dean of Nursing at FAU, Joins Boca Helping Hands Board of Directors |url=https://www.bocaratontribune.com/bocaratonnews/2023/02/dr-safiya-george-dean-of-nursing-at-fau-joins-boca-helping-hands-board-of-directors/ |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=The Boca Raton Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Site n'afọ 2008 ruo 2015, ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Emory.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> N'ọnwa Ọgọọst 2015, ọ sonyeere [[Mahadum Alabama]] dị ka prọfesọ osote na onye enyemaka diin maka nyocha na onye nduzi nke ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ na Capstone College of Nursing.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=FAU Appoints Safiya George, Ph.D., as Dean of the Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing - Florida Hospital News and Healthcare Report |url=https://southfloridahospitalnews.com/fau-appoints-safiya-george-ph-d-as-dean-of-the-christine-e-lynn-college-of-nursing-2/?print=print |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=southfloridahospitalnews.com}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> E tinyere George n'ọkwa dịka onye otu American Association of Nurse Practitioners n'afọ 2018..<ref name=":3" /> N'ọnwa Julaị 8, 2018, ọ ghọrọ diin Holli Rockwell Trubinsky, na prọfesọ nke Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing na Florida Atlantic University.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Safiya George, Ph.D., Named Dean of the College of Nursing |url=http://www.fau.edu/newsdesk/articles/nursing-dean-appointment.php |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.fau.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onyeisi ụlọ ọrụ Florida Atlantic Universities Louis and Anne Green Memory and Wellness center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Safiya George |url=https://aascu.org/people/safiya-george/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=AASCU |language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, e tinyere ya n'ọkwa dịka onye otu a ma ama nke National Academies of Practice nakwa dịka onye otu American Academy of Nursing n'afọ 2022.<ref name=":2" /> N'ọnwa February 2023, ọ sonyeere ndị isi nke otu òtù ọrụ ebere, Boca Helping Hands.<ref name=":2" /> N'ọnwa Febrụwarị 2024, a họpụtara ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke isii nke University of the Virgin Islands.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ nọchiri [[David Hall (onye nchịkwa mahadum)|David Hall]] na Ọgọọst 1, 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://myemail-api.constantcontact.com/July-2024-Newsletter-.html?soid=1139636804939&aid=4KuwAhbSyTE | title=July 2024 Newsletter | work=Florida Atlantic University }}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:George, Safiya}} [[Category:Living people]] jkowd26puc5z6dmnltnr2mt5073ujd9 0 80752 728289 727711 2026-09-26T19:10:46Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error 728289 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Association of [[Algeria]] Muslim Women ('''AFMA''') bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria, nke e guzobere na 1947. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |first=Valentine |last=Moghadam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYCVkaM1alQC&dq=women%27s+organisation+algeria+AFMA&pg=PA45 |title=Gender and National Identity: Women and Politics in Muslim Societies |isbn=9781856492461 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=1994}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria malitere na njem nnwere onwe site na Ọchịchị ndị France n'afọ ndị 1940, mgbe a kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị n'ọgụ ahụ ma tinye ha na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Òtù ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ bụ Algeria Women's Union (UFA), nke jikọtara ya na Algeria Communist Party (PCA), na Association of Algerian Muslim Women (AFMA), nke e guzobere na 1947 iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị kwado ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezinụlọ ha. Otu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu ọha karịa, nke mere ka ha nwee ike ịhapụ omenala ịnọrọ iche n'ụlọ ma sonye n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze.UFA gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke òtù Algerian Communist Party, bụ nke kwadoro nha anya n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, ma n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. AFMA chịkọtara ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ụmụ nwoke n'ọgụ a na-alụ megide ọchịchị ndị France, mana ha tụrụ anya na ụmụ nwanyị ga-apụọ n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze ozugbo e nwetachara nnwere onwe n'aka France. N'afọ ndị 1940, e nwere mmụba n'ọchịchọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike inweta nha anya, karịsịa site n'iji òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị eme ihe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị so na UFA bụ ụmụ nwanyị si Europe, ọ bụghị na e wepụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị Alakụba.<ref name=":0" /> E guzobere AMA na 1947 na-achọ nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị kpọmkwem gbasara mkpọrọ ndị na-esote ngagharị iwe na Mee 8, 1945. Nke a bụ mgbe France mere emume ọgwụgwụ nke ọchịchị ndị Nazi mgbe ọtụtụ puku ndị Algeria mere ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá Setif na obodo ndị ọzọ iji lụọ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe Algeria dịka nkwa France kwere iji gbanwere ndị agha na mbọ agha Allied na-achọ nnwere onwe nke Algeria, dịka France kwere nkwa ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwadoro ya n'ọgụ ya megide Nazism, Otú ọ dị, nzaghachi Frances bụ ogbugbu obi ọjọọ nke ndị Algeria 45,000 sochiri igbu ọchụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Massacres of 8 May 1945: Crimes against humanity, not recognized by France 75 years later |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241213183120/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-date=2024-12-13 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=[[Algeria Press Service]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ndị mejupụtara AFMA bụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọgụgụ isi. Ọ bụ Mamia Chentouf na-achịkwa ya ma na-achọ ịgbachitere 'ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ma kwado omenala ndị Arab Muslim". Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị na ihe odide dị na Koran anaghị egbochi ụmụ nwanyị 'ịrụ ọrụ n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu'; ma kemgbe oge ahụ, Djamila Hanafi kwuru na ndị 'ulama' aghọọla 'òtù ndị ọkà mmụta kachasị pụta ìhè ma bụrụkwa ndị a ma ama n'ihe gbasara ọgụgụ isi na mba Algeria.' Akụkụ dị mkpa nke njikọ ahụ bụ mbipụta nke L'Algérie libre, nke kwuru na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụwa Arab-Muslim nwere ike ịchọpụta naanị na "usoro ọdịbendị na-enweghị mmetụta ọdịda anyanwụ". Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, site na ịta ahụhụ, ndina n'ike, njide, na igbu ọchụ, yana mmụba nke nkwado maka ịdị n'otu ụmụ nwanyị megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala gbasaa na Algeria. Tupu ikike a inye aka n'ụzọ ka ukwuu na ndụ ọha na eze, a ghọtara ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru usoro nna ochie na nke ọchịchị ka ha bụrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. Ha ga-elekọta nnukwu ezinụlọ ndị dị n'ebe ndị ogbenye dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ha ga-abụ ndị na-amaghị akwụkwọ, na-ahapụ obere akwụkwọ banyere ahụmịhe ha. Ha enweghị olu n'ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọdịbendị, ọbụlagodi mgbe nnwere onwe Algeria gasịrị. Mgbe mgbanwe ọchịchị na esemokwu agha ji ngwa agha malitere, ndị ndu nke otu abụọ a na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị sonyeere ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe. Nafissa Hamoud, bụ onye ndu AFMA, bụ nwanyị dọkịta mbụ sonyeere òtù a. == Ihe Nketa == Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na AFMA na otu ndị ọzọ tinyere aka n'òtù na-akwado nnwere onwe Algeria site n'ọrụ ha n'ime ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke FLN, nke dịrị ihe dị ka otu afọ n'etiti afọ 1961 na 1962. == Edensibịa == <references /> cfbxgariwd7mc8yybt60csiaibzvzuo 728290 728289 2026-09-26T19:18:22Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error 728290 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Association of [[Algeria]] Muslim Women ('''AFMA''') bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria, nke e guzobere na 1947. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |first=Valentine |last=Moghadam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYCVkaM1alQC&dq=women%27s+organisation+algeria+AFMA&pg=PA45 |title=Gender and National Identity: Women and Politics in Muslim Societies |isbn=9781856492461 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=1994}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria malitere na njem nnwere onwe site na Ọchịchị ndị France n'afọ ndị 1940, mgbe a kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị n'ọgụ ahụ ma tinye ha na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Òtù ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ bụ Algeria Women's Union (UFA), nke jikọtara ya na Algeria Communist Party (PCA), na Association of Algerian Muslim Women (AFMA), nke e guzobere na 1947 iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị kwado ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezinụlọ ha. Otu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu ọha karịa, nke mere ka ha nwee ike ịhapụ omenala ịnọrọ iche n'ụlọ ma sonye n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze.UFA gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke òtù Algerian Communist Party, bụ nke kwadoro nha anya n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, ma n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. AFMA chịkọtara ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ụmụ nwoke n'ọgụ a na-alụ megide ọchịchị ndị France, mana ha tụrụ anya na ụmụ nwanyị ga-apụọ n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze ozugbo e nwetachara nnwere onwe n'aka France. N'afọ ndị 1940, e nwere mmụba n'ọchịchọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike inweta nha anya, karịsịa site n'iji òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị eme ihe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị so na UFA bụ ụmụ nwanyị si Europe, ọ bụghị na e wepụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị Alakụba.<ref name=":0" /> E guzobere AMA na 1947 na-achọ nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị kpọmkwem gbasara mkpọrọ ndị na-esote ngagharị iwe na Mee 8, 1945. Nke a bụ mgbe France mere emume ọgwụgwụ nke ọchịchị ndị Nazi mgbe ọtụtụ puku ndị Algeria mere ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá Setif na obodo ndị ọzọ iji lụọ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe Algeria dịka nkwa France kwere iji gbanwere ndị agha na mbọ agha Allied na-achọ nnwere onwe nke Algeria, dịka France kwere nkwa ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwadoro ya n'ọgụ ya megide Nazism, Otú ọ dị, nzaghachi Frances bụ ogbugbu obi ọjọọ nke ndị Algeria 45,000 sochiri igbu ọchụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Massacres of 8 May 1945: Crimes against humanity, not recognized by France 75 years later |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241213183120/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-date=2024-12-13 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=[[Algeria Press Service]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ndị mejupụtara AFMA bụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọgụgụ isi. Ọ bụ Mamia Chentouf na-achịkwa ya ma na-achọ ịgbachitere 'ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ma kwado omenala ndị Arab Muslim".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Massacres of 8 May 1945: Crimes against humanity, not recognized by France 75 years later |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241213183120/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-date=2024-12-13 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=[[Algeria Press Service]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị na ihe odide dị na Koran anaghị egbochi ụmụ nwanyị 'ịrụ ọrụ n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu'; ma kemgbe oge ahụ, Djamila Hanafi kwuru na ndị 'ulama' aghọọla 'òtù ndị ọkà mmụta kachasị pụta ìhè ma bụrụkwa ndị a ma ama n'ihe gbasara ọgụgụ isi na mba Algeria.<ref>https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=dirassat</ref> Akụkụ dị mkpa nke njikọ ahụ bụ mbipụta nke L'Algérie libre, nke kwuru na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụwa Arab-Muslim nwere ike ịchọpụta naanị na "usoro ọdịbendị na-enweghị mmetụta ọdịda anyanwụ". Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, site na ịta ahụhụ, ndina n'ike, njide, na igbu ọchụ, yana mmụba nke nkwado maka ịdị n'otu ụmụ nwanyị megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala gbasaa na Algeria. Tupu ikike a inye aka n'ụzọ ka ukwuu na ndụ ọha na eze, a ghọtara ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru usoro nna ochie na nke ọchịchị ka ha bụrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. Ha ga-elekọta nnukwu ezinụlọ ndị dị n'ebe ndị ogbenye dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ha ga-abụ ndị na-amaghị akwụkwọ, na-ahapụ obere akwụkwọ banyere ahụmịhe ha. Ha enweghị olu n'ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọdịbendị, ọbụlagodi mgbe nnwere onwe Algeria gasịrị.<ref>Neil Macmaster: Invisible Revolutionaries: Algerian Women and the Organization of the Women's Section of the FLN in Metropolitan France</ref> Mgbe mgbanwe ọchịchị na esemokwu agha ji ngwa agha malitere, ndị ndu nke otu abụọ a na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị sonyeere ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe. Nafissa Hamoud, bụ onye ndu AFMA, bụ nwanyị dọkịta mbụ sonyeere òtù a. == Ihe Nketa == Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na AFMA na otu ndị ọzọ tinyere aka n'òtù na-akwado nnwere onwe Algeria site n'ọrụ ha n'ime ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke FLN, nke dịrị ihe dị ka otu afọ n'etiti afọ 1961 na 1962. == Edensibịa == <references /> o6f9l89patsu3dsupn2j9f0jqa18so6 728292 728290 2026-09-26T19:21:48Z Anastesia chi 23720 Fixed reference error and added databox 728292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Association of [[Algeria]] Muslim Women ('''AFMA''') bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria, nke e guzobere na 1947. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |first=Valentine |last=Moghadam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYCVkaM1alQC&dq=women%27s+organisation+algeria+AFMA&pg=PA45 |title=Gender and National Identity: Women and Politics in Muslim Societies |isbn=9781856492461 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=1994}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria malitere na njem nnwere onwe site na Ọchịchị ndị France n'afọ ndị 1940, mgbe a kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị n'ọgụ ahụ ma tinye ha na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Òtù ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ bụ Algeria Women's Union (UFA), nke jikọtara ya na Algeria Communist Party (PCA), na Association of Algerian Muslim Women (AFMA), nke e guzobere na 1947 iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị kwado ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezinụlọ ha. Otu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu ọha karịa, nke mere ka ha nwee ike ịhapụ omenala ịnọrọ iche n'ụlọ ma sonye n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze.UFA gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke òtù Algerian Communist Party, bụ nke kwadoro nha anya n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, ma n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. AFMA chịkọtara ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ụmụ nwoke n'ọgụ a na-alụ megide ọchịchị ndị France, mana ha tụrụ anya na ụmụ nwanyị ga-apụọ n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze ozugbo e nwetachara nnwere onwe n'aka France. N'afọ ndị 1940, e nwere mmụba n'ọchịchọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike inweta nha anya, karịsịa site n'iji òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị eme ihe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị so na UFA bụ ụmụ nwanyị si Europe, ọ bụghị na e wepụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị Alakụba.<ref name=":0" /> E guzobere AMA na 1947 na-achọ nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị kpọmkwem gbasara mkpọrọ ndị na-esote ngagharị iwe na Mee 8, 1945. Nke a bụ mgbe France mere emume ọgwụgwụ nke ọchịchị ndị Nazi mgbe ọtụtụ puku ndị Algeria mere ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá Setif na obodo ndị ọzọ iji lụọ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe Algeria dịka nkwa France kwere iji gbanwere ndị agha na mbọ agha Allied na-achọ nnwere onwe nke Algeria, dịka France kwere nkwa ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwadoro ya n'ọgụ ya megide Nazism, Otú ọ dị, nzaghachi Frances bụ ogbugbu obi ọjọọ nke ndị Algeria 45,000 sochiri igbu ọchụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Massacres of 8 May 1945: Crimes against humanity, not recognized by France 75 years later |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241213183120/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-date=2024-12-13 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=[[Algeria Press Service]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ndị mejupụtara AFMA bụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọgụgụ isi. Ọ bụ Mamia Chentouf na-achịkwa ya ma na-achọ ịgbachitere 'ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ma kwado omenala ndị Arab Muslim".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Massacres of 8 May 1945: Crimes against humanity, not recognized by France 75 years later |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241213183120/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-date=2024-12-13 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=[[Algeria Press Service]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị na ihe odide dị na Koran anaghị egbochi ụmụ nwanyị 'ịrụ ọrụ n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu'; ma kemgbe oge ahụ, Djamila Hanafi kwuru na ndị 'ulama' aghọọla 'òtù ndị ọkà mmụta kachasị pụta ìhè ma bụrụkwa ndị a ma ama n'ihe gbasara ọgụgụ isi na mba Algeria.<ref>https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=dirassat</ref> Akụkụ dị mkpa nke njikọ ahụ bụ mbipụta nke L'Algérie libre, nke kwuru na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụwa Arab-Muslim nwere ike ịchọpụta naanị na "usoro ọdịbendị na-enweghị mmetụta ọdịda anyanwụ". Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, site na ịta ahụhụ, ndina n'ike, njide, na igbu ọchụ, yana mmụba nke nkwado maka ịdị n'otu ụmụ nwanyị megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala gbasaa na Algeria. Tupu ikike a inye aka n'ụzọ ka ukwuu na ndụ ọha na eze, a ghọtara ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru usoro nna ochie na nke ọchịchị ka ha bụrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. Ha ga-elekọta nnukwu ezinụlọ ndị dị n'ebe ndị ogbenye dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ha ga-abụ ndị na-amaghị akwụkwọ, na-ahapụ obere akwụkwọ banyere ahụmịhe ha. Ha enweghị olu n'ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọdịbendị, ọbụlagodi mgbe nnwere onwe Algeria gasịrị.<ref>Neil Macmaster: Invisible Revolutionaries: Algerian Women and the Organization of the Women's Section of the FLN in Metropolitan France</ref> Mgbe mgbanwe ọchịchị na esemokwu agha ji ngwa agha malitere, ndị ndu nke otu abụọ a na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị sonyeere ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe. Nafissa Hamoud, bụ onye ndu AFMA, bụ nwanyị dọkịta mbụ sonyeere òtù a. == Ihe Nketa == Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na AFMA na otu ndị ọzọ tinyere aka n'òtù na-akwado nnwere onwe Algeria site n'ọrụ ha n'ime ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke FLN, nke dịrị ihe dị ka otu afọ n'etiti afọ 1961 na 1962.<ref>Zahia Smail Salhi: The Algerian feminist movement between nationalism, patriarchy and Islamism</ref> == Edensibịa == <references /> j3wng5ee4jeeeopom209rki7ycy09y0 728294 728292 2026-09-26T19:24:42Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added category 728294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Association of [[Algeria]] Muslim Women ('''AFMA''') bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria, nke e guzobere na 1947. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |first=Valentine |last=Moghadam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYCVkaM1alQC&dq=women%27s+organisation+algeria+AFMA&pg=PA45 |title=Gender and National Identity: Women and Politics in Muslim Societies |isbn=9781856492461 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=1994}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Algeria malitere na njem nnwere onwe site na Ọchịchị ndị France n'afọ ndị 1940, mgbe a kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị n'ọgụ ahụ ma tinye ha na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Òtù ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ bụ Algeria Women's Union (UFA), nke jikọtara ya na Algeria Communist Party (PCA), na Association of Algerian Muslim Women (AFMA), nke e guzobere na 1947 iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị kwado ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezinụlọ ha. Otu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu ọha karịa, nke mere ka ha nwee ike ịhapụ omenala ịnọrọ iche n'ụlọ ma sonye n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze.UFA gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke òtù Algerian Communist Party, bụ nke kwadoro nha anya n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, ma n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. AFMA chịkọtara ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ụmụ nwoke n'ọgụ a na-alụ megide ọchịchị ndị France, mana ha tụrụ anya na ụmụ nwanyị ga-apụọ n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze ozugbo e nwetachara nnwere onwe n'aka France. N'afọ ndị 1940, e nwere mmụba n'ọchịchọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike inweta nha anya, karịsịa site n'iji òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị eme ihe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị so na UFA bụ ụmụ nwanyị si Europe, ọ bụghị na e wepụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị Alakụba.<ref name=":0" /> E guzobere AMA na 1947 na-achọ nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị kpọmkwem gbasara mkpọrọ ndị na-esote ngagharị iwe na Mee 8, 1945. Nke a bụ mgbe France mere emume ọgwụgwụ nke ọchịchị ndị Nazi mgbe ọtụtụ puku ndị Algeria mere ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá Setif na obodo ndị ọzọ iji lụọ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe Algeria dịka nkwa France kwere iji gbanwere ndị agha na mbọ agha Allied na-achọ nnwere onwe nke Algeria, dịka France kwere nkwa ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwadoro ya n'ọgụ ya megide Nazism, Otú ọ dị, nzaghachi Frances bụ ogbugbu obi ọjọọ nke ndị Algeria 45,000 sochiri igbu ọchụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Massacres of 8 May 1945: Crimes against humanity, not recognized by France 75 years later |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241213183120/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-date=2024-12-13 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=[[Algeria Press Service]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ndị mejupụtara AFMA bụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọgụgụ isi. Ọ bụ Mamia Chentouf na-achịkwa ya ma na-achọ ịgbachitere 'ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ma kwado omenala ndị Arab Muslim".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Massacres of 8 May 1945: Crimes against humanity, not recognized by France 75 years later |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241213183120/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/34153-massacres-of-8-may-45-crimes-against-humanity-not-recognized-by-france-75-later |archive-date=2024-12-13 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=[[Algeria Press Service]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị na ihe odide dị na Koran anaghị egbochi ụmụ nwanyị 'ịrụ ọrụ n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu'; ma kemgbe oge ahụ, Djamila Hanafi kwuru na ndị 'ulama' aghọọla 'òtù ndị ọkà mmụta kachasị pụta ìhè ma bụrụkwa ndị a ma ama n'ihe gbasara ọgụgụ isi na mba Algeria.<ref>https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=dirassat</ref> Akụkụ dị mkpa nke njikọ ahụ bụ mbipụta nke L'Algérie libre, nke kwuru na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụwa Arab-Muslim nwere ike ịchọpụta naanị na "usoro ọdịbendị na-enweghị mmetụta ọdịda anyanwụ". Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, site na ịta ahụhụ, ndina n'ike, njide, na igbu ọchụ, yana mmụba nke nkwado maka ịdị n'otu ụmụ nwanyị megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala gbasaa na Algeria. Tupu ikike a inye aka n'ụzọ ka ukwuu na ndụ ọha na eze, a ghọtara ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru usoro nna ochie na nke ọchịchị ka ha bụrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. Ha ga-elekọta nnukwu ezinụlọ ndị dị n'ebe ndị ogbenye dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ha ga-abụ ndị na-amaghị akwụkwọ, na-ahapụ obere akwụkwọ banyere ahụmịhe ha. Ha enweghị olu n'ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọdịbendị, ọbụlagodi mgbe nnwere onwe Algeria gasịrị.<ref>Neil Macmaster: Invisible Revolutionaries: Algerian Women and the Organization of the Women's Section of the FLN in Metropolitan France</ref> Mgbe mgbanwe ọchịchị na esemokwu agha ji ngwa agha malitere, ndị ndu nke otu abụọ a na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị sonyeere ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe. Nafissa Hamoud, bụ onye ndu AFMA, bụ nwanyị dọkịta mbụ sonyeere òtù a. == Ihe Nketa == Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na AFMA na otu ndị ọzọ tinyere aka n'òtù na-akwado nnwere onwe Algeria site n'ọrụ ha n'ime ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke FLN, nke dịrị ihe dị ka otu afọ n'etiti afọ 1961 na 1962.<ref>Zahia Smail Salhi: The Algerian feminist movement between nationalism, patriarchy and Islamism</ref> == Edensibịa == <references /> [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba Algeria]] 6be7j5um9q35m3ijqaelqksc4au2i6f 0 80769 728200 2026-09-26T12:50:59Z Chrysella 12967 Jiri '{{Short description|American political scientist and university administrator (born 1970)}} {{Use American English|date=June 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Claudine Gay | image = Inauguration of Claudine Gay as President of Harvard University (3) (cropped).jpg | caption = Gay in 2023 | office = 30th [[President of Harvard University]] | term_start = July 1, 2023 | ter...' kere ihü 728200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American political scientist and university administrator (born 1970)}} {{Use American English|date=June 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Claudine Gay | image = Inauguration of Claudine Gay as President of Harvard University (3) (cropped).jpg | caption = Gay in 2023 | office = 30th [[President of Harvard University]] | term_start = July 1, 2023 | term_end = January 2, 2024 | predecessor = [[Lawrence Bacow]] | successor = [[Alan Garber]] | office1 = Dean of the [[Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences]] | term_start1 = August 15, 2018 | term_end1 = June 30, 2023 | predecessor1 = [[Michael D. Smith (computer scientist)|Michael Smith]] | successor1 = [[Emma Dench]] (interim)<br>[[Hopi Hoekstra]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|08|04}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = Christopher Afendulis | children = 1 | education = [[Princeton University]]<br>[[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Harvard University]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]) | relatives = [[Roxane Gay]] (cousin) | module = {{Infobox academic |embed = yes |discipline = [[Political science]] |thesis_title = Taking charge: Black electoral success and the redefinition of American politics |thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/304343028/fulltextPDF/E3586B8D78E3408DPQ/ |thesis_year = 1997 | doctoral_advisor = [[Gary King (political scientist)|Gary King]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-03 |title=Excerpts From Dr. Claudine Gay's Work – The New York Times |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/us/claudine-gay-harvard-president-excerpts.html |access-date=2024-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103102250/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/us/claudine-gay-harvard-president-excerpts.html |archive-date=January 3, 2024 }}</ref> |workplaces = [[Stanford University]] (2000–2006)<br>[[Harvard University]] (2006–present)}} }} '''Claudine Gay''' (amụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọọst 4, 1970)<ref name=":11" /> bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Amerịka, onye bụkwa Prọfesọ Wilbur A. Cowett nke Gọọmentị na Ọmụmụ Ihe Ndị Afrịka na Ndị Afrịka-Amerịka na [[Harvard University]]. Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya n'omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Amerịka, gụnyere ndị ntuli aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke agbụrụ na njirimara.<ref name = "aaas-people">{{Cite web | title = Claudine Gay | url = https://aaas.fas.harvard.edu/people/claudine-gay | access-date = December 10, 2023 | website = aaas.fas.harvard.edu | language = en | archive-date = December 7, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231207223229/https://aaas.fas.harvard.edu/people/claudine-gay | url-status = live }}</ref> qonbw2p2cwlif0xhr87dx9xqdo3nhmr 0 80770 728201 2026-09-26T12:52:36Z Ozims Divine 24949 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376736731|Kealeboga Masango]]" 728201 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Kealeboga Masango''' (amụrụ na 21 Ọktoba 2003) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na mba Saụt Afrịka, onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ, nakwa onye na-emetụta mgbasa ozi ọha na eze.. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ a ma ama na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Youngins (2024-2025) dị ka Buhle Kunene, ''Jenesis'' (2025-2026) dị ka Nobuhle Thabethe na The Four of Us (2026-dị ugbu a) dị ka Balungile Dlomo. == Ọrụ == === Ime ihe nkiri === Masango mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ nkwado nke Zinhle Ngobese na e.tv soap opera Rhythm City . Ọ sonyeere ihe ngosi na 2019 wee gaa n'ihu na ọrụ ahụ ruo mgbe usoro ahụ kwụsịrị na 2021. Nke a bụ ọrụ telivishọn mbụ ya ma nweta nkwanye ùgwù zuru oke. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Ntsiki na Ayeye: Stripped oge nke abụọ, ma rụọ ọrụ ugboro ugboro nke Mimi na The River oge nke isii na ngwụcha afọ 2023. N'afọ 2024, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nke Buhle Kunene na ihe nkiri Showmax a ma ama Youngins na oge mbu ruo atọ, nke gwụrụ na ngwụcha afọ 2025 wee pụta na ihe nkiri Campus Kings dị ka Bonolo. Ọ pụtara dị ka Noks BET Africa boxing/sports drama ''Pound 4 Pound'' . N'afọ 2025, Masango nwetara ọrụ dị mkpa na Mzansi Magic gospel telenovela <nowiki><i id="mwRA">Jenesis</i></nowiki> dị ka Nobuhle Thabethe . N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, a mara ọkwa ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya akara na ihu nke Ịhụnanya na Darkly maka afọ 2026 na Sphokuhle N. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2026, a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-arụ ọrụ mba ụwa na ihe egwu karịrị nke mmadụ ''Cheta M''. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2026, e gosipụtara ya na mkpuchi Glamour Magazine na Wendy Gumede na Sphokuhle N maka ọnwa Afrịka nke GLAMOUR. N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2026, ọ rịọrọ arịrịọ ya nke abụọ na e.tv ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke Balungile Dlomo na The Four of Us telenovela. === Egwú === N'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2026, Masango kwupụtara ọrụ egwu mbụ ya bụ EP akpọrọ "A Love That Made Me Hate U" ma wepụta egwu mbụ ya bụ "Never Show Me Off" n'ụbọchị nke 13 n'ọnwa Maachị. . == Ndepụta egwu ==   === Egwuregwu ndị gbasaa === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" |Aha ya ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" |Nkọwa |- ! scope="row" |''Ịhụnanya nke mere ka m kpọọ gị asị'' | * A tọhapụrụ ya: 20 Machị 2026 * Akara: 6L Records * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ, iyi |} === Ndị na-alụbeghị di === ==== Dị ka onye na-ese ihe ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="row" |"Ọ dịghị mgbe m ga-apụ" | rowspan="1" |2026 | rowspan="1" |''Ịhụnanya nke mere ka m kpọọ gị asị'' |- | colspan="3" style="font-size:85%" |" - " na-egosi ihe ndekọ nke na-enweghị chaatị na mpaghara ahụ. |} == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" |+Isi ihe | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |† |Ọ na-egosi mmepụta ndị a na-ewepụtabeghị |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- ! scope="row" |2023 |''Indoda Kwesịrị'' |Musa Maseko |Ọrụ ndu |- ! scope="row" |2024 |''Ndị Eze Campus'' |Bonolo |Ọrụ bụ isi |- ! scope="row" |2026 |''Buzzkill'' |Chloe |Ọrụ bụ isi |- ! scope="row" |2027 | {{pending film|Remember Me}} |Beth Palome |Tupu mmepụta |- |} == Edesimbia ==   == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] l2tekc7iveiqf4lupqvhb9iwwbfgopt 0 80771 728204 2026-09-26T13:02:09Z Ozims Divine 24949 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371125460|Qhawekazi Mazaleni]]" 728204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qhawekazi Mazaleni''' (amụrụ m na Julaị 11, 2001) bụ onye na-akwado agụmakwụkwọ na mba Saụt Afrịka, onye na-agwọ ọrịa okwu, na onye edemede ụmụaka nke e chiri okpueze Miss South Africa 2025. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Mazaleni ma zụlite ya na Gonubie, mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ nke East London na Eastern Cape, South Africa. Ọ gara Beaconhurst High School na East London tupu ọ gụchaa Bachelor of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy na Mahadum Stellenbosch na 2023. O mechara banye na Mahadum Pretoria, ebe ọ na-agbaso Master of Arts na Speech-Language Pathology, na nyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na mkpa ihe ọmụma nke ndị na-elekọta South Africa na-esote nchọpụta nke autism spectrum disorder. Dịka ọkachamara n'ịgwọ ọrịa okwu, Mazaleni arụọla ọrụ n'ụlọọgwụ na ụmụaka nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu nkwurịta okwu, gụnyere ọrịa ụbụrụ na ọrịa autism.. Ọrụ ahụike ya na onye ọrịa na-eto eto nke nwere ọrịa ụbụrụ na enweghị ike ịnweta ihe onwunwe isiXhosa kpaliri ya ide ma bipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, {{Lang|xh|Amasele Amdaka}} (The Dirty Frogs), na isiXhosa. E mere akwụkwọ a iji kwado nkà ịgụ ihe na ịgụta ihe n'oge na asụsụ ụlọ nwatakịrị, ma na-egosipụtakwa ntinye aka sara mbara nke Mazaleni n'ịgụ ihe n'asụsụ ụlọ na agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere mmadụ niile. == Egwuregwu == === Miss South Africa 2025 === Mazaleni banyere na mbipụta nke 67 nke asọmpi Miss South Africa na 2025 ma họrọ ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ iri. N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2025, onye bu ya ụzọ bụ Mia le Roux kpuwere ya okpueze Miss South Africa 2025 na SunBet Arena na Pretoria. A kpọrọ Luyanda Zuma adaeze mbụ na adaeze Karabo Mareka nke abụọ. N'oge ọ na-ekwu okwu mmeri, o kwuru, sị: "Iji mebie usoro enweghị ọrụ, anyị ga-amalite site n'ịkwado ihe kpatara ya. Mgbe pasent 81 nke ndị na-amụ akwụkwọ na Grade 4 na-agba mbọ ịgụ ihe ọ pụtara, ọ na-egosi anyị na a hapụrụ ntorobịa anyị. " Mazaleni esoghị na asọmpi Miss Universe 2025. Òtù Miss South Africa mara ọkwa na, na nke mbụ ya, ọ ga-elekwasị anya n'ọrụ onye nwe ya naanị n'ime South Africa n'oge afọ nke ọchịchị, kama ịchụso ọkwa mba ụwa. N'oge ọchịchị ya, Mazaleni jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya maka atụmatụ Empower Youth Africa nke Miss South Africa Organisation, na-eduzi nleta agụmakwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Johannesburg na Eastern Cape, gụnyere Zenzeleni Primary School na Alexandra, Monde Primary School, na Nkone Maruping Primary School dị na Soweto, ebe ọ gụrụ site na ''Amasele Amdaka'' ma duzie mkparịta ụka banyere ịdị iche iche, itinye aka, na mmụta asụsụ nne. == Edesimbia ==  {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before=[[Mia le Roux]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Miss South Africa]]|years=[[Miss South Africa 2025|2025]]}} {{S-aft|after=Incumbent}} {{S-end}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] myhzfxktjvhjbl3nusv4ih697fzfk4f 0 80772 728207 2026-09-26T13:09:08Z Chijioke2010 62489 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372528209|Rivers State House of Assembly]]" 728207 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme. == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Ikike == {{Rivers State}} == Ihe ndị a chọrọ iji ruo eru. == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> === Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omebe Iwu Steeti Rivers nke iri === '''Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omebe Iwu Steeti Rivers nke iri (10)''' nwere ndị nnọchi anya '''32''' a họpụtara, onye ọ bụla si n’otu mpaghara ntuli aka ya. {| class="wikitable" !Mpaghara !Onye nnọchi anya |- |Abua-Odual |Hon. John Dominic Iderima (PDP) |- |Ahoada East I |Hon. Tony Williams Queen Uwuma (PDP) |- |Ahoada East II | (Onye na-anọghị n'ebe ahụ) |- |Ahoada West | (Onye na-anọghị n'ebe ahụ) |- |Akuku-Toru nke Mbụ |Hon. Major M. Jack (PDP) |- |Akuku-Toru nke Abụọ |Hon. Lolo Isaiah Opuende, Esq. (PDP) |- |Andoni |Hon. Ofiks Kagbang Christopher (PDP) |- |Asari-Toru nke Mbụ |Hon. Tekenari Granville Wellington (PDP) |- |Asari-Toru nke Abụọ |Onye iro Alabo George (PDP) |- |Bonny | (Onye na-anọghị n'ebe ahụ) |- |Degema |Hon. Peter Enemeneya Abbey (PDP) |- |Eleme |Hon. Igwe Obey Aforji (PDP) |- |Emohua |Hon. Emeji Justina (PDP) |- |Etche nke Mbụ |Hon. Onwuka Ignatius Obenachi (PDP) |- |Etche nke Abụọ |Hon. Chimezie Christian Nwankwo (PDP) |- |Gokana |Rt. Hon. Dumle Maol, Esq. (PDP) |- |Ikwerre |Hon. Prince Lemchi Nyeche (PDP) |- |Khana nke Mbụ |Hon. Barile Nwakoh (PDP) |- |Khana nke Abụọ |Hon. Dinebari Loolo (Ọ nwụrụ anwụ) |- |Obio-Akpor nke Mbụ |Hon. Martin Chike Amaewhule, DSSRS (PDP) |- |Obio-Akpor nke Abụọ |Hon. Emilia Lucky Amadi (PDP) |- |Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni nke Mbụ |Hon. Nwabochi Frankline Uchenna (PDP) |- |Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni nke Abụọ |Hon. Nkemjika Ijeoma Ezekwe (PDP) |- |Ogu-Bolo |Hon. Davids Okobiriari Arnold (PDP) |- |Okirikiri |Hon. Linda Koroma Somiari-Stewart (PDP) |- |Omuma |Hon. Nwankwo Sylvanus Enyinna (PDP) |- |Opobo-Nkoro | (Onye na-anọghị n'ebe ahụ) |- |Oyigbo |Hon. Oforji Gerald (PDP) |- |Port Harcourt nke Mbụ |Hon. Solomon Wami (PDP) |- |Port Harcourt nke Abụọ |Hon. Tonye Smart Adoki (PDP) |- |Port Harcourt nke Atọ |Hon. Azeru Opara (PDP) |- |Tai |Hon. Ngbar Bernard Baridamue (PDP) |- |Onye odeakwụkwọ nke ụlọ ahụ |Emeka Amadi, PhD |} * Solomon Sokolo. (Abua-Odual) * Queen Williams. (Ahoada East) * Ehie Ogerenye Edision. (Ahoada East) * Sokari Goodboy Sokari. (Ahoada West) * Major Jack (Akuku-Toru i) * Lolo Opuende Isaiah (Akuku-Toru ii) * Ikuinyi O. Ibani. (Andoni) * Granville Wellington. (Asari-Toru I) * Enemi Alabo George. (Asari-Toru ii) * Abinye Blessing Pepple. (Bonny) * Soberekon Anthony. (Degema) * Igwe Aforji. (Eleme) * John Wokoma. (Emohua) * Opurum Nnanna. (Etche I) * Tony Uchechukwu Ejiogu (Etche ii) * Maol Dumle. (Gokana) * Anselem Oguguo (Ikwerre) * Denyah Bariene. (Khana I) * Prince Ngbor. (Khana ii) * Martin Amaewhule. (Obi/Akpor I) * Michael Chinda. (Obi/Akpor ii) * Uchenna Frankline. (Ogba/ Egbema/Ndoni 1) * Nkemuika Nkemjika Ezekwe (Ogba/ Egbema/ Ndoni ii) * Davids Anolds. (Ogu/Bolo) * Linda Somiari Stewart. (Okrika) * Kelechi Nwogu. (Omuma) * Adonye Diri. (Opobo/Nkoro) * Gerald Oforji. (Oyigbo) * Wami Solomon Chile. (Port Harcourt I) * Tonye Adoki. (Port harcourt Ii) * Azeru Opara. (Port harcourt iii) * Matthew Nenubari Dike. (Tai)   == Kọmitii == ** '''Akaụntụ Ọha''' ** '''Ọrụ Ụlọ Nzukọ''' ** '''Ọzụzụ na Ozi''' ** '''Ego na Akụnaụba''' ** '''Ikpe na Ụlọikpe''' ** '''Ọchịchị Obodo''' ** '''Ọrụ Owuwu''' ** '''Okwu gbasara Ụmụ nwanyị''' ** '''Azụmahịa na Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmepụta''' ** '''Ọrụ Ugbo''' ** '''Akụ mmiri''' ** '''Mmụta''' ** '''Ọrụ na Ike Ndị Ntorobịa''' ** '''Ọrụ Ọha na Ndozigharị / Kọmitii Ndị Na-aga Njem Okpukpe, SIEC na Mmefu Ego''' ** '''Kọmitii na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọha''' ** '''Kọmitii Iwu na Azụmahịa Ụlọ Nzukọ''' ** '''Arịrịọ Ndị Ọha''' ** '''Ụkpụrụ Omume na Ikike Ndị Omebe Iwu''' ** '''UBE (Mmụta Isi nke Eluigwe Nile)''' ** '''Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide / Enyemaka Mberede''' ** '''Ụgbọ njem''' ** '''Ahụike''' ** '''Ike Eletrik''' ** '''Ike na Akụ Eke''' ** '''Ọchịchị Ndị Eze na Okwu Obodo''' '''Ala, Ụlọ na Mmepe Obodo mepere emepe''' ** '''Egwuregwu''' ** '''Gburugburụ''' ** '''Iwu Atụmatụ na Arụmụka''' '''Ọrụ''' == Ntụaka. ==   '''Steeti Rivers'''.{{Rivers State}} == Njikọ ndị dị n’èzí. == '''“Onye isi ala Bola Ahmed Tinubu ekwuputala ọnọdụ mberede na Steeti Rivers.”''' ''The Nation Digest'' '''Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omebe Iwu Steeti Rivers'''.{{Legislatures of Nigeria}}'''Ụlọ Omebe Iwu Naịjirịa'''.{{House of Assemblies of Rivers State}}'''Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omebe Iwu Steeti Rivers'''. '''Gọọmenti Steeti Rivers'''.{{Government of Rivers State}}'''Njikwa ikike'''.{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omebe Iwu Steeti dị iche iche na Naịjirịa]] [[Otú:Ụlọ Ọrụ e guzobere na Steeti Rivers n’afọ 1970]] [[Otú:Ụlọ Ọrụ e guzobere na Naịjirịa n’afọ 1979]] [[Otú:Old GRA, Port Harcourt]] [[Otú:Ọchịchị Steeti Rivers]] [[Otú:Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omebe Iwu Steeti Rivers]] qltr9ohzcd7qdhr5n333qwaw98gk5ir 0 80773 728212 2026-09-26T13:33:11Z Ani Chiemelie j 64027 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355964101|Muhammad Abu Ali]]" 728212 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Lieutenant Colonel Muhammad Abu Ali''' '''CON''' (15 Ọgọst 1980 – 4 Nọvemba 2016) bụ onye agha ndị '''Nigerian Army''' nke bụ onye isi '''272 Tank Battalion''' nke ndị agha. Ọ bụ onye isi/ọzọ n’usoro ọchịchị ọdịnala nke ndị Bassa Nge dị na Steeti Kogi. Egburu ya n’oge mwakpo mberede nke ndị '''Boko Haram''' wakporo ya na Malam Fatori, na Steeti Borno.Lieutenant Colonel '''Muhammad Abu Ali''' CON Ali gụsịrị akwụkwọ n’'''Command Secondary School, Jos''', nke dị na Steeti Plateau, Naịjirịa, n’afọ 1997. N’afọ 1998, a nabatara ya n’'''Nigerian Defence Academy''', ebe ọ sonyere n’'''50th Regular Course'''. N’ọnwa Septemba 2003, e buliri ya n’ọkwa ịbụ '''2nd Lieutenant''' ma kenye ya n’'''Armour Corps''' nke ndị agha Naịjirịa. Nna ya bụ '''Brigadier General Abu Ali''', onye bụzi '''Etsu nke Bassa-Nge Kingdom''' dị na Steeti Kogi. Nwanne ya nwoke nke nta, '''Lieutenant Abubakar Abu Ali''', na-eje ozi ugbu a n’'''Nigerian Army'''. == Ọrụ == Ọ sonyere na '''United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)''', yana '''United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID)'''. N’ọnwa Septemba 2015, e mere ka ọ kwalite n’ọkwa ngwa ngwa site n’ọkwa '''Major''' ruo n’ọkwa '''Lieutenant Colonel'''. N’otu oge ahụ, '''Chief of Army Staff''', Lieutenant General '''Tukur Yusuf Buratai''', nyere ya onyinye nsọpụrụ maka obi ike na dike o gosipụtara n’ọrụ agha. === Ihe nrite Chief of Army Staff maka obi ike pụrụ iche === Ali natara onyinye Chief of Army Staff na Gamboru maka obi ike pụrụ iche site n'aka Lt Gen Tukur Yusuf Buratai na 9 Septemba 2015, maka ọrụ ya n'ọgụ megide Boko Haram. == Ọnwụ == Ali na ndị agha isii ndị ọzọ bụ ndị Boko Haram wakporo ma gbuo na 4 Nọvemba 2016. E liri ya na 7 Nọvemba 2016, na National Military Cemetery, Abuja . == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 7z0w6cuqx9dl29ac00k0fvwzyzlazhy 14 80774 728295 2026-09-26T19:25:40Z Anastesia chi 23720 Jiri 'Ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba Algeria' kere ihü 728295 wikitext text/x-wiki Ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba Algeria io8h7590gfpepczevuuo2bxbekcqigi 0 80775 728431 2026-09-27T08:10:16Z Nnesco14 61761 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1235448243|Aminata Traoré]]" 728431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aminata Traoré''' nwere ike izo aka na: * Aminata Traoré (onye edemede) nke amụrụ n'afo 1947), onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Mali. * Aminata Traoré (taekwondo) (amụrụ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri itoolu), onye na-eme egwuregwu taekwondo nke Ivory Coast <templatestyles src="Dmbox/styles.css" />  g8wge2lt7otuiqgfeqmswbz2rqkloen